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 v THE 
 
 HUMAN 
 HEAD 
 

 How to read the Human Head and Face. 
 
 r> 
 
THE LIBRARY OF 
 CONGRESS, 
 
 Two Copies Received 
 
 APR 8 1903 
 
 Copyright fcntry 
 CLASS OU XXO. 
 COPY S 
 
 [Xc. No. 
 
 Copyrighted 1903, 
 
 By 
 
 FOSTER PUBLISHING CO., 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 ^ 
 
PREFACE 
 
 To be able to read from the human head and face the dispositions, 
 talents, and peculiar characteristics manifested by man in social intercourse 
 and in professional and commercial pursuits, is a science equal in importance 
 to the prominent position to which evolution has elevated him in brain and 
 mental development. To be able to read and understand the characteristics 
 of men through a study of the head and face requires keen observation and 
 a knowledge based upon the size and configuration of the head and contour 
 of the face and understanding of the various temperaments. 
 
 A profound study of human nature and brain functions discloses the 
 reasons why certain forms and developments of the brain, as revealed in the 
 contour of the head and the general physiognomy, manifest certain well- 
 defined mental characteristics. There is no other subject containing as great 
 and important elements as that embraced in the operation of the human 
 mind. 
 
 After more than twenty years of critical observation and experience 
 in comparing the size, form, and quality of brain development with faculty, 
 I have verified beyond doubt the discoveries of the brain centers or areas 
 made by Drs. Gall, Spurzeheim, and George Combe in the latter half of the 
 eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries ; and it is due to> these 
 incontrovertible facts that character reading is a positive science, the abso- 
 lute knowledge of which can be acquired by observation, induction, and 
 study. 
 
 The man who knows how to read human nature, how to stimulate the 
 hidden springs of character and motive, and produce the desired responsive 
 action, and address himself wisely and well to men, is better equipped for 
 the struggles of life than any man is who> is not so trained. 
 
 The object of this volume is to instruct those who would enjoy a more 
 thorough knowledge of human nature and learn how to read character, as it 
 is represented in the heads, faces, and. personal appearance of the individuals 
 they meet in the daily walks of life, with an accuracy that is free from 
 any doubt. 
 
 H. ELLIS FOSTER. 
 
 Detroit, Mich., March 10, 1903. 
 
H. ELLIS FOSTER. 
 
How to read the Human Head and Face* 
 
 PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY, PHRENOLOGY AND 
 PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 
 
 Physiology is the science that treats 
 of the complex phenomena of sensation, 
 motion and the functions of organisms. 
 
 Anatomy is the science of the struc- 
 tural relation of bone, muscle, brain 
 and other tissues. 
 
 Phrenology is the science that treats 
 of the psychological phenomena of the 
 functional powers of the brain. 
 
 Physiognomy is the science that 
 teaches how to read the mind as it is 
 manifested in the facial expression of 
 men and animals. 
 
 Heredity and environment are the 
 sculptors of the human head and face. 
 
 Form, size and temperament are 
 most influential primary factors in the 
 physical and mental constitution of the 
 human organism. 
 
 Education stimulates and strength- 
 ens the phrenological organs of the 
 brain, and disciplines and trains the 
 faculties of the mind. 
 
 Culture is the refinement, polish and 
 brilliancy of education. 
 
 Now as these propositions are found- 
 ed upon the constitution of man, and 
 governed by the immutable laws of 
 nature, the scientific study of human 
 nature as taught by the doctrines of 
 phrenology and physiognomy must 
 necessarily be both interesting and 
 transcendently important as factors in 
 the development, education and culture 
 of the human mind. 
 
 Gall, Spurzheim and Combe, in the 
 latter part of the eighteenth century, 
 turned the search light of their scientific 
 investigations in the direction of the 
 functions of the brain. After hundreds 
 and thousands of experiments and com- 
 parisons with the form of the head and 
 manifestations of the faculties of the 
 mind, under the most favorable circum- 
 stances, they discovered and demon- 
 strated a chain of incontrovertible facts 
 extending through every link, from the 
 lowest to the highest form of brain de- 
 velopment, which before had never been 
 known to the scientific world. 
 
HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 They found in the functions of the 
 brain the motor centers and hidden 
 springs of human character and mo- 
 tive; the truth of which they demon- 
 strated by the relative position that 
 man sustains as a distinct individuality 
 in the scale of brain and mental evolu- 
 tion, by a comparison with the lower 
 grades of animals, and the value of 
 their discovery they further demon- 
 strated in its application to the descrip- 
 tive analysis of character as represented 
 in the form, size, quality and functional 
 powers of the brain of men and ani- 
 mals. 
 
 Location of the organ of Self-esteem Illustrated. 
 
 It has now long since become an es- 
 tablished fact and should be universally 
 accepted, that by an examination of the 
 head that the different parts, or organs, 
 of the brain can be determined and an 
 accurate description given of their di- 
 versified manifestations. 
 
 The law of differentiation is nature's 
 method of individualization; no two 
 men are alike in form, temperament, or 
 character ; every man has an individual- 
 ity and personality peculiarly his own. 
 
 Phrenology points out and explains 
 these differences in form and faculty, 
 and differentiated development between 
 men and animals, and between man and 
 man, as a process of natural law. It 
 teaches us that intelligence advances as 
 we ascend the scale from the simplest 
 and lowest forms, such as represented 
 in the snake, crocodile, etc., up through 
 every link to the most complex brain 
 development found in the vertebrate 
 
 animals, which is represented in the 
 human being of the most highly civil- 
 ized races, thus conclusively demon- 
 strating the corresponding relation of 
 brain development and mental mani- 
 festation. 
 
 Phrenology further teaches that 
 every faculty of the mind is manifested 
 by means of a particular brain center or 
 area called its organ, the size of which, 
 other conditions being equal, is propor- 
 tionate to its power of function. For 
 illustration, it teaches that Self-Esteem 
 is manifested by one organ or brain cen- 
 ter, the location and size of which can 
 be determined by drawing a line from 
 the opening of the ear to the crown of 
 the head, as illustrated in Fig. i, 
 the function of which is self-confidence, 
 self-respect, self-promotion, love of lib- 
 erty, power, and leadership, an aspiring 
 and self-ruling faculty. 
 
 When abnormally developed, it mani- 
 fests itself in the form of egotism, con- 
 ceit, presumption, boldness, tyranny, 
 and an imperious disposition. Observe 
 its manifestation in the attitude of the 
 man in whom it is large as he walks 
 down the street, how he throws himself 
 back with head in the air as much as to 
 say, "Get out of the way, don't you see 
 I am coming?" The man who is pos- 
 sessed of an inordinate development of 
 self-esteem is to himself the central 
 figure around which all other men 
 should revolve, and is intolerably offen- 
 sive with his aggressive, obtrusive and 
 commanding disposition. 
 
 The religious egotist and fanatic who 
 thinks he is fighting for God, when in 
 reality he is only fighting for his own 
 ambition and opinions, clearly illus- 
 trates the abnormal and perverted mani- 
 festation of this faculty. 
 
 I have personally examined more 
 than one hundred thousand heads in the 
 past twenty-five years, and in that num- 
 ber I have found many cases where the 
 organ was inordinately developed, but 
 there was not a single instance where 
 the person examined thought he had 
 too much self-esteem. It is the faculty 
 that elevates a man so high in his own 
 estimation that to him his own faults 
 and imperfections are never visible. 
 
THE BRAIN CENTERS. 
 
 Before advancing farther with the 
 subject let us examine the fundamental 
 principles of phrenology, and a few of 
 the proofs which I may say here are as 
 numerous as the heads of men, each 
 head being a living witness of the in- 
 controvertible array of facts in support 
 of the science. Nature's methods of de- 
 veloping and perfecting an organization 
 are strictly on scientific lines, every or- 
 gan is situated and adjusted to every 
 other organ in such harmonious rela- 
 tion as to produce the strongest and 
 most perfect functional power. 
 
 manifested by a special brain center, or 
 brain area. 
 
 Third — Size is the measure of pow- 
 er, temperamental conditions being 
 equal. This was at first strenuously 
 denied, but is now recognized as sound 
 physiological science by the physiolog- 
 ists. 
 
 Fourth — The intellect is situated in 
 the frontal lobes of the brain, thus em- 
 bracing the perceptive, semi-perceptive 
 and reflective faculties. The moral, re- 
 ligious and superstitious sentiments are 
 located in the top head ; the back head 
 
 Professor FERRIER'S Localization of Brain Centers. 
 
 THE BRAIN THE ORGAN OF 
 THE MIND. 
 
 First — The brain is the organ of the 
 mind, a fact which was strenuously de^ 
 nied by even such men as John Stuart 
 Mill, who wrote that, " Mental phenom- 
 ena do not admit of being deduced from 
 the physiological laws of our nervous 
 organizations." 
 
 Second — The brain is composed of a 
 congeries of organs, or brain centers, 
 each manifesting a psychological func- 
 tion of its own. Until* within a recent 
 period this was denied by physiologists, 
 and they claimed that the brain acted 
 as a single organ, manifesting every 
 faculty of the mind with equal power 
 and facility. Now, modern physiolog- 
 ists admit that every primary facultv is 
 
 is the location of the reproductive, do- 
 mestic, affectionate and social instincts. 
 The late Dr. W. B. Carpenter made the 
 absurd claim that, "The back head was 
 the probable seat of the intellect. ,, The 
 side head, above and around the ears, 
 is the location of the executive and sel- 
 fish propensities. 
 
 Fifth — The size and form of the 
 brain determines the size and conforma- 
 tion of the skull. This was one of the 
 stock objections to phrenology which 
 was thought to be sufficient evidence to 
 obliterate even the possibility of a sci- 
 ence of phrenology; but is now no 
 longer recognized as a valid objection 
 by physiologists. See Fig. 2. 
 
 These five claims of Dr. Gall and his 
 followers were long denied by physi- 
 ologists ; but the general phrenological 
 division of the brain is now admitted 
 
8 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 by almost all modern physiologists. 
 Even the galvanic experimental physi- 
 ologist has demonstrated, unintention- 
 ally however, the claims of phrenology 
 in his crude and inhuman experiments 
 on the brains of different species of the 
 animal kingdom, so far as his method 
 and material permitted. Observe in 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 i. Center for movements of the op- 
 posite leg and foot. 2, 3, 4, for com- 
 plex movements of the arms and legs, 
 as in swimming. 5, extension forward 
 of the arm and hand. 6, supination of 
 the hand and flexion of the forearm. 
 7, 8, elevators and depressers of the an- 
 gle of the mouth. 7, 10, movements of 
 the lips and tongue. 11, retraction of 
 the angle of the mouth. 12, movements 
 of the eyes. 13, 13, vision. 14, hear- 
 ing, a, b, c, movements of the wrists 
 and fingers ; which is an illustration of 
 Dr. Ferrier's topography of the brain, 
 and in which the location of some of 
 the various brain centers manifesting 
 special mental phenomena, have been 
 determined by the galvanic experimen- 
 tal mutilator, and so far as he has been 
 able to define the phenomena of these 
 different brain centers they correspond 
 to the phrenological localization. 
 
 For illustration, observe in the facial 
 angle, by beginning with Fig. 3, the 
 different grades of brain development 
 from the simple to the most complex. 
 
 the lowest forms of brain development ; 
 the face of which is almost on a parallel 
 line with the back, or posterior part of 
 the spinal column. 
 
 Fig. 4. — Represents the head and 
 face of the dog, the brain of which has 
 developed enough to give an angle of 
 45 degrees to the face. 
 
 Fig. 5.— Elephant 
 
 Fig. 6.— Chimpanzee 
 
 Fig. 5. — Represents the head and 
 face of the elephant, the brain of which 
 gives an angle to the face of 90 de- 
 grees of development over that of the 
 snake. 
 
 Fig. 6. — Represents the head and 
 face of the ape, or chimpanzee, which 
 gives a facial angle of 143 degrees. 
 
 Snake 
 
 Fig. 3- — Represents the head and 
 face of the snake, which is one among 
 
 Fig. 7.— Partial idiot Fig. 8.— Savage bushman 
 
 Fig. 7. — Represents the head and 
 face of the partial idiot, with an angle 
 of 155 degrees to the face, which is only 
 12 degrees more than is represented in 
 that of the ape. 
 
GRADES OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 Fig. 8. — Represents the head and 
 face of the savage bushman, of whom 
 the brain development gives an angle 
 of 1 60 degrees to the face. 
 
 Uncultivated 
 
 Fig. 9. — Represents the head and 
 face of the uncultivated, with a facial 
 angle of 164 degrees. 
 
 Fig. 10. — Improved 
 
 Fig. 10. — Represents the head and 
 face of the improved, and gives an an- 
 gle to the face of 168 degrees. 
 
 Fig. 11. — Civilized and educated. 
 
 Fig. 11. — Represents the head and 
 face of the educated and civilized, and 
 gives an angle to the face of 172 de- 
 grees. 
 
 Fig. 12. — Culture, refinement 
 
 Fig 12. — Represents the head and 
 face of the educated, cultured and re- 
 fined, which gives an angle of 176 de- 
 grees to the face. 
 
 Fig. 13.— Highest type "of the Caucasian race 
 
 Fig. 13. — Represents the most per- 
 fect type of the Caucasian race, with all 
 the refinements of hereditary law, edu- 
 cation and culture, which is the highest 
 expression of the processes of evolu- 
 tionary descent in the vertebrate ani- 
 mal. 
 
 The reader will observe, in the as- 
 cending grades, beginning with the 
 primates, or simplest forms of brain 
 structure as represented in the snake, up 
 to the most complex development of 
 brain and psychic phenomena, the per- 
 fect corresponding relation from the 
 lowest animal instinct to the highest 
 psychic effort of the most perfect hu- 
 man brain. Therefore, comparative 
 anatomy demonstrates beyond the pos- 
 sibility of doubt, that the brain of even- 
 animal manifests mental power in ex- 
 act proportion to its size, form, quality 
 and the stimulating influences of en- 
 vironment. 
 
10 
 
 HOW TO RKAD THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 Dr. Gall, in his work on the "Func- 
 tions of the 1 Brain," Vol. 2, page 252: 
 "The differences of structure in the en- 
 cephalon of different animals, which are 
 the most striking, correspond to decided 
 differences in its functions." 
 
 "The brain of animals is almost en- 
 tirely formed of the parts seated in the 
 lateral and posterior regions of the cra- 
 nium. This is the reason why their 
 heads retreat immediately above the 
 eyes. Nature has bestowed on the more 
 noble species only the cerebral parts 
 
 Fig. 14. Radial Distances from the Medulla to the Surface 
 
 seated in the anterior-superior and an- 
 terior-inferior encephalic parts, his 
 whole front is expanded; it swells im- 
 mediately above the eyes, projects be- 
 yond them, and rises in a direction more 
 or less perpendicular." 
 
 Now, the common qualities of man 
 and animals are unquestionably seated 
 in the lateral and posterior parts of the 
 head ; and in proportion as animals have 
 a share of certain anterior-inferior en- 
 cephalic parts, they enjoy certain intel- 
 lectual faculties ; but as there is no ani- 
 mal which possesses all the cerebral 
 parts situated in the anterior and su- 
 perior posterior regions of the frontal 
 bone, so there is not one endowed with 
 
 the faculties attached to them ; not one, 
 which enjoys the privilege of reason, 
 and a susceptibility to religious impres- 
 sions. He further says, Vol. 2, page 
 253 : "You will be impressed with an- 
 other very important truth, namely, 
 that the volume of the brain in a dog 
 with the hog, or goat, etc., may be the 
 same, and yet its functions be entirely 
 different, and even opposite; and that 
 instincts, propensities and peculiar char- 
 acteristic talents are determined, not by 
 the ciuantitv or volume of the brain 
 alone, but by the quality or selectness 
 of the parts of which it is composed." 
 
 Fig. 15. Radial Distances from the Medulla to the surface 
 
 BUMP OLOGY EXPLAINED. 
 
 Phrenology is not based on "Bumps" 
 as is popularly understood ; but upon the 
 radial development of the brain fibers 
 from the top of the spinal cord, or Me- 
 dulla Oblongata, to the surface of the 
 cerebrum. If a line be drawn from one 
 opening of the ear to the other, it will 
 lack but the small fraction of an inch of 
 passing through the anterior part of the 
 Medulla Oblongata; the one common 
 center from which the fibrous structure 
 of the brain radiates, in its multiplied 
 directions. Thus, the ear is an appro- 
 priate point from which to make the 
 radial measurements to the back, front, 
 side and top head in determining the 
 size of the different organs of the brain. 
 
 ! 
 
BUMP OLOGY EXPLAINED. 
 
 11 
 
 Such an absurdity as the "Bump" 
 theory was never taught by either Gall, 
 Spurzheim or Combe, although the 
 pedant flippantly charges it against 
 them. The following quotation from 
 Combe's "System of Phrenology," page 
 .82, gives a complete refutation to the 
 false charge : 
 
 "In estimating the size of organs, 
 both length and breadth must be at- 
 tended to. The length of an organ is 
 ascertained by the distance from the 
 Medulla Oblongata to the peripheral 
 surface. A line passing through the 
 head from one ear to the other would 
 nearly touch the Medulla Oblongata, 
 and hence the external opening of the 
 ear is assumed as a convenient point 
 from which to estimate length. The 
 breadth of an organ is judged of by its 
 
 Fig. 16. Front view of a lowe type of the Human Skull 
 
 peripheral expansion. And it is a gen- 
 eral law of physiology that the breadth 
 of any organ throughout its whole 
 course bears a relation to its expansion 
 at the surface, the optic and olfactory 
 nerves are examples in point." 
 
 Any person who will take the pains 
 to examine the human skull will see that 
 its outer surface is as smooth as a bil- 
 liard ball; see Figs. 16 and 17, also 
 which gives the front and side views 
 of the smooth surface of the skull. 
 
 The size of an apple is not determ- 
 ined by "Bumps" or Protuberances 
 on its surface, but by the distance from 
 core to peeling. It is a gross misuse of 
 language to apply the word "Bump" to 
 
 the phrenological organs, and its mean- 
 ing becomes a "fake" when thus appro- 
 priated. 
 
 Every instinct, propensity, sentiment, 
 or intellectual faculty that is manifested 
 by the different species of the animal 
 kingdom, is represented in the psycholo- 
 gical phenomena of the human brain. 
 Man is the psychological epitome of 
 every grade of mental phenomena in the 
 whole range of mental development. 
 
 Dr. Gall's discovery of the phrenolo- 
 gical organs was the reaffirmation of 
 the truth of nature's method of develop- 
 ing and perfecting an organization, 
 which is strictly on scientific lines. 
 
 The natural grouping of the phren- 
 ological organs, or brain centers, which 
 are so perfectly illustrated in the facial 
 angle, is proof positive of the great and 
 
 Side view of a low type Skull. 
 
 incontrovertible truths of the science of 
 phrenology. 
 
 We observe that the lower instincts 
 and propensities are located in the base 
 of the brain in the immediate vicinity of 
 the top of the spinal cord, or Medulla 
 Oblongata, the axis upon which the fa- 
 cial angle turns from the posterior to 
 the anterior part of the spinal column. 
 
 If the moral sentiments were located 
 in the base of the brain, the gorilla, 
 lion and bull dog would be endowed 
 with, and manifest the highest type ot 
 undisputed moral sentiment. Observe 
 in Figs. 18-19 their wide heads 
 through the base of the brain immedi- 
 ately above and around the ears, where 
 phrenology teaches that the organs em- 
 bracing the selfish animal propensities 
 
HOW TO RK \P THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 are located; the functions of which de- 
 termine their respective types of charac- 
 ter; the reverse of which is manifested 
 by the superior brain development of 
 man. 
 
 The highest brain developments of 
 the human and ape families indicate a 
 closer correspondence in cerebral struc- 
 ture and psychic manifestation, than ex- 
 ists between the ape and the lower 
 grades of animals. Professor Haeckel 
 says in his latest work, "The Riddle of 
 the Universe" : "The difference of brain 
 structure and psychic faculty which sep- 
 arates man from the anthropoid ape are 
 slighter than the corresponding inter- 
 val between the anthropoid ape and the 
 
 Fig. 1 8. Bull Dog — A wide head, Destructiveness, large 
 
 lower primates." These facts were dis- 
 covered and demonstrated by Gall more 
 than a century ago when he was pur- 
 suing the study of comparative anat- 
 omy, 'and are fully treated in his works 
 on the "Functions of the Brain." 
 
 Through all organized matter every 
 organ serves to facilitate the power of 
 its function better than if situated in 
 any other position. The ear, eye, nose, 
 mouth, hand and foot perform their 
 functions more perfectly located as they 
 are than if their positions were re- 
 versed. Thus every organ in the hu- 
 man body occupies its natural and 
 proper position in its structural relation 
 to the other organs in the performance 
 
 of its legitimate function ; the character 
 of which is written in a language as 
 plain as the organ is prominently and 
 distinctly located and developed, and 
 thus revealing character in proportion 
 to the- importance of its function. 
 
 The palmists tell us that the hand is 
 an infallible history, prophet, and inter- 
 preter of human character and motive. 
 They tell us that not only the history 
 of our lives is recorded in our palms, 
 but that the unwritten events of the fu- 
 ture are as clearly defined in the shape 
 and lines of the hand and in a language 
 as plain as the hand itself. That the 
 hand reveals the general type of a man's 
 
 Fig. 19. The Monarch of the Forest 
 
 character, there is no question, accord- 
 ing to the law of homogenity, which 
 governs the growth and development of 
 every species of the animal and vege- 
 table kingdom. But to penetrate the 
 dense veil that separates the present 
 from the future, by forecasting a man's 
 destiny and telling him what he is go- 
 ing to do, is a claim I most certainly 
 question the ability of the palmists to 
 sustain by a delineation of character 
 from the lines in the hand. 
 
 It is one of the potential laws of na- 
 ture that every organ must be in per- 
 fect harmony in structure and function 
 with every other organ that forms a 
 part of the same organization. 
 
 
TEMPERAMENT AND FACIAL EXPRESSION. 
 
 13 
 
 Therefore, if the claims of palmists 
 are scientifically correct, the hand must 
 portray the same character that is rep- 
 resented in the head and face, being 
 members of the same body, as nature 
 never reveals contradictions. The brain 
 is the most important organ that con- 
 stitutes a part of the physical . man ; 
 therefore, in its lofty position indicates 
 and expresses in its form, size and tem- 
 peramental conditions more character 
 than any other organ or member of the 
 human body. If we wish to study hu- 
 man nature scientifically as it is repre- 
 sented in the constitution of man, we 
 must study the whole man, especially 
 that organ or combination of organs 
 that represent and manifest more char- 
 acter than all the other organs in the 
 human body combined, namely, the hu- 
 man head and face. 
 
 and cut of the features, constituting a 
 most complete and beautiful comment- 
 ary upon the nature, power and activity 
 of the phrenological organs. 
 
 The quality or texture of the very 
 fiber of the organization of man, that 
 temperamental condition that lies at the 
 foundation of mental and bodily func- 
 tion; that condition of texture in both 
 brain and muscle that constitutes 
 strength, endurance, stamina, activity, 
 sensibility and what is called "bottom" 
 in the horse, and "blood" in those who 
 have descended from a long line of edu- 
 cated, cultured and refined ancestors, 
 the grades of which are represented in 
 the shape of the head and facial expres- 
 sion in Figs. 28, 34. 
 
 All of these conditions are repre- 
 sented in the face, skin and hair of the 
 head. Its influence is the most poten- 
 
 Fig. 21. Strong Criminal instincts, 
 coarse organization 
 
 Fig. 
 
 22. Motive Vital Temperament, 
 coarse organization 
 
 TEMPERAMENT AND FACIAL 
 EXPRESSIONS. 
 
 The tone of facial expression, good 
 or bad, is the impress of mental condi- 
 tion. The face is the canvas upon which 
 is painted in delicate hue the language 
 of intelligence, culture and refinement, 
 as well as in darkest hue the deep lines 
 of the perverted propensities and pas- 
 sions of the human brain, as portrayed 
 in Figs. 21, 22, 23. 
 
 The temperamental conditions of the 
 brain and the culture of the human 
 mind are determined by the form, type 
 
 Fig. 23. Strong Criminal instincts, 
 coarse temperament 
 
 tial factor of all the temperamen- 
 tal conditions in the human organiza- 
 tion ; therefore must be given due con- 
 sideration in the descriptive analysis of 
 the mental faculties. 
 
 I am asked the question almost every 
 day by people of intelligence and cul- 
 ture, what do you mean by the words 
 quality, or texture, as applied to the 
 fiber and tissue of the human organiza- 
 tion, as though such a temperamental 
 condition did not exist. 
 
 For the benefit of those who do not 
 fully comprehend the meaning of the 
 terms "quality or texture," as applied 
 
14 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 to the human organization, I will direct 
 their attention to a few of the common 
 articles of merchandise, such as a com- 
 parison between a fine piece of steel and 
 a coarse piece of iron ; or a piece of box 
 wood in comparison with a piece of cork 
 pine, or a tine piece of silk in compari- 
 son with a coarse woolen fabric; all of 
 which are the products of nature and 
 art. The shoe and the skin from which 
 it was tanned illustrate this great fun- 
 damental underlying fact of nature 
 most perfectly. 
 
 w -' 
 
 
 
 Ik 
 
 \ . 1 «v * 
 
 
 
 Hi 
 
 
 Fig. 24. A well balanced Temperament, 
 in the thoroughbred horse. 
 
 This fact is made more illustrative 
 and impressive when you go to pur- 
 chase a pair of shoes. The first ques- 
 tion that the merchant will probably ask 
 you is, what kind of a shoe and what 
 size do you wear; you give him the 
 style and number that you desire and 
 he will take from his shelves, I will say, 
 two pairs of shoes, and spread them out 
 for your inspection, at the same time 
 giving you the prices, which range 
 from two to five dollars. "Oh," but 
 you say, "they are all the same size, are 
 they not?" He will answer, "Yes." 
 "Well," you will say, "why do you ask 
 two dollars for one pair and five dol- 
 lars for another, etc. ?" But he will say 
 and emphasize the fact that it is the dif- 
 ference in the quality of the shoes. This 
 five dollar pair has a very fine fiber or 
 textural quality which was first consti- 
 tutionally determined by the very fine 
 
 skin from which it was tanned, and 
 which was taken from an animal that 
 had very fine quality, or texture of mus- 
 cular fiber and bone; while the three- 
 dollar shoes are coarse in quality, hav- 
 ing been made from a coarse piece of 
 leather, which was tanned from the skin 
 of an animal that was coarse in fiber 
 and constitutional quality. A careful 
 comparison of the shoes readily enables 
 you to see and appreciate the difference 
 in their quality as well as their value. 
 
 Compare the fine hair, skin, clean ait 
 and beautiful form of the thoroughbred 
 horse with that of the coarse, heavy, 
 clumsy draft horse (Fig. 24) and you 
 will see the well defined contrast in that 
 temperamental condition called consti- 
 tutional quality that determines the 
 power, activity, speed and intelligence 
 of every horse, as well as that of every 
 human being. 
 
 Observe this temperamental condi- 
 tion in the coarse hair, skin and fea- 
 tures of the man who digs in the ditch 
 and the man who sails before the mast, 
 and handles freight upon the dock, and 
 compare them with the man who is re- 
 fined and toned up by the culture of a 
 higher education. Compare their hair 
 and features with those of men of a 
 high-born ancestral lineage and culture 
 marked by the refining and elevating 
 forces of evolution, and you will no 
 longer question this temperamental con- 
 dition as a fact, or its importance as a 
 factor to be given due consideration in 
 the descriptive analysis of the func- 
 tional powers and activity of the brain. 
 
 Observe the fine features of Fig. 
 44 in contrast w T ith Fig. 45. Quality is 
 a condition that permeates, and in fact 
 is a part and parcel of all matter — ani- 
 mate and inanimate — and determines 
 the utility and value of every object 
 with which man has to deal, as well as 
 his own physical and mental worth. 
 But what is most amazing of all is the 
 dense ignorance upon this most import- 
 ant constitutional or temperamental 
 condition ; among not only the common 
 people, but in high places where, the 
 standard of mental development is 
 measured by culture of the most classi- 
 cal type in our colleges and universities. 
 
SIZE OF BRAIN AND MENTAL POWER. 
 
 15 
 
 THE SIZE AND WEIGHT OF THE BRAIN IS 
 
 THE MEASURE OF ITS FUNCTIONAL 
 
 POWER. 
 
 The average size of the adult male 
 head in circumferance is 21 ^4 to 22 in., 
 and the adult female head is 21 to 21 J /[ 
 inches. 
 
 The average weight of the matured 
 human male brain is 49/4 ounces, the 
 human female brain 44 ounces. The 
 average difference between the average 
 male and female brain is from five to 
 six ounces. 
 
 The size of the head is the measure 
 ,of mental power, the temperamental 
 
 man with the 21 inch head. But if we 
 take two men having the same measure- 
 ments as given above, and we find the 
 man with the 23 inch head has a low 
 grade or textural fiber which is only 
 developed to 3 (in the scale which runs 
 from 1 to 7 degrees, used as the stand- 
 ard of measurement by phrenologists), 
 and the man whose head measures 21 
 inches has a high grade of textural fibei 
 which is developed to 6, the latter will 
 manifest a much higher degree of 
 power and activity of mind than the 
 man whose head measures 23 inches. 
 So by this illustration you can readily 
 
 Fig. 25. Judge Alfred J. Murphy. A 23^ inch head. The forehead is high, deep and broad, 
 
 hence a splendid intellect 
 
 and other conditions being equal. Take 
 for illustration the heads of two men; 
 one whose head measures 21 and the 
 other 23 inches in circumference, with 
 proportionate measurements from side 
 to side, and from front to back, and 
 from base to top head, and both having 
 had the same educational advantages; 
 the man with the 23 inch head will 
 manifest more mental power than the 
 
 see the value and importance of consti- 
 tutional quality and its influence on 
 mental manifestation ; a knowledge of 
 which is absolutely necessary in the de- 
 scriptive analysis of character, as indi- 
 cated in the form of the head and fea- 
 tures of the face. "Oh," but says one, 
 "how are we going to learn to determ- 
 ine the quality, texture and tempera- 
 mental conditions which underlie the 
 
16 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 human constitution in all of its multi- 
 plied differentiations in the human 
 race?" You can learn to compare and 
 classify them by close discriminating- 
 observation and experience with the 
 same degree of aptitude and accuracy, 
 and upon the same principle that the 
 shoe merchant learns the quality of the 
 different grades of shoes, or that the 
 furrier acquires a knowledge of the 
 quality of the variety of furs in his 
 store. 
 
 George Combe, in his " System of 
 Phrenology," pages 20 to 30, gives a 
 clear and concise exposition and an- 
 alysis of the facts and principles upon 
 which the temperaments are founded. 
 Mr. Combe says in the following lim- 
 ited extract, page 30: "It is clearly 
 admitted that the constitution, or qual- 
 ity of brain has a great influence on the 
 mental effects of size. The next in- 
 quiry, therefore, naturally is, what ef- 
 fect does the constitution of the organs 
 produce on the state of mind ? Is it in- 
 definite whether the organs be large or 
 small, well or illy constituted, in health 
 or in disease? I submit the following- 
 facts to prove that in other departments 
 of organized nature, size in an organ, 
 other conditions being equal, is a meas- 
 ure of power in its function, i. e. } that 
 small size indicates weak power, and 
 large size strong power, all other cir- 
 cumstances being alike." 
 
 Quality is as much a condition of 
 matter as quantity; it permeates the 
 mineral, vegetable and animal king- 
 doms in all their differentiated forms, 
 determining their durability, polish, 
 beauty, and intrinsic value, and which 
 is clearly and distinctly represented and 
 portrayed in the physical constitution 
 and mental phenomena of every human 
 being. 
 
 The three temperaments and their 
 combinations which are as numerous as 
 the people of the human race, must be 
 studied and learned before a student of 
 phrenology can make due progress in 
 acquiring a knowledge of the science 
 and apply it to the living subject in the 
 descriptive delineation of character with 
 any degree of accuracy or success. 
 
 The quality or texture of the fiber 
 and tissue of bone, muscle and brain 
 can be developed and refined by taking 
 a high grade of easily digested and nu- 
 tritious food, which is found in select 
 grades of beef, mutton and fowl, and in 
 great abundance in the vegetable, fruit, 
 cereal, and nut kingdoms. 
 
 A corresponding degree of deteriora- 
 tion or degeneracy, in the quality or 
 texture of fiber and tissue follows a 
 low grade of coarse indigestible food, 
 just as logically as that a good quality 
 of food will produce a strong, fine qual- 
 ity of fiber and tissue, or that a fine 
 watch is the product of a fine quality of 
 material and skilled mechanical in- 
 genuity. You must remember that the 
 "stream can never rise higher than its 
 fountain." 
 
 The man whose diet consists of pork, 
 and food that is cooked in lard, every 
 fiber of which is saturated with grease, 
 and who indulges freely in the use of 
 tea, coffee, spices, mustard, pickles, 
 highly seasoned salads, greasy dishes 
 and complications of them, and at the 
 same time continues in the pernicious 
 habits of using tobacco, intoxicating 
 liquors and other health-destroying 
 viands, will ultimately pay- the penalty 
 with indigestion, a tobacco heart, and a 
 coarser fiber, a sluggish and clumsier 
 organization. 
 
 A perfect digestion and good health 
 are to a great degree the result of tak- 
 ing pure food and of a general obedi- 
 ence to the laws of health and hygienic 
 practice. 
 
 THE TEMPERAMENTS. 
 
 The temperaments are anatomically 
 classified into three divisions, which are 
 called the Vital Temperament, the Mo- 
 tive Temperament, and the Mental 
 Temperament. 
 
 The Vital Temperament. 
 The Vital Temperament is based upon 
 the vital organs, which embrace the 
 stomach, liver, heart, circulatory or- 
 gans, assimilation and all the life force 
 that contributes to the vital powers of 
 the physical organization of men and 
 animals. 
 
THE TEMPERAMENTS. 
 
 17 
 
 The distinguishing features of the 
 Vital Temperament are found in those 
 whose heads are wide through the base 
 and full in the back in the social propen- 
 sities, cheeks are full and plump; chest 
 deep, full and ample, and many persons 
 have an abnormal development of the 
 abdominal cavity, giving them the ap- 
 pearance of an over ripe gooseberry. 
 Those who have this type of tempera- 
 ment usually are high livers, attach 
 much importance to banquets and the 
 luxuries of the table ; many over-eat and 
 drink and ultimately die from the ef- 
 fects of "gout," heart failure, or a corn- 
 
 indicated by a large, heavy, bony, 
 frame-work, angular in form, promi- 
 nent joints, high cheek bones, large 
 front teeth, a long stiff upper lip, and 
 usually a full, strong, well-rounded 
 chin. In character, men of this tem- 
 perament are positive, aggressive, 
 sometimes stern, gruff, imperious and 
 commanding; not polished or very re- 
 fined in taste or manner, plain in dress, 
 and treat styles and fashion with in- 
 difference, and often with contempt. 
 The phrenological organ of approba- 
 tiveness, as a rule, is not large in con- 
 nection with this temperament, thus 
 
 Fig. 26. Hon. Thomas B. Reed, A large brain in the Vital Temperament. Alimentiveness large 
 
 plication of diseases in which the stom- 
 ach and all the vital organs are in- 
 volved. This temperament is splendid- 
 ly represented in the portrait of Thomas 
 B. Reed (Fig. 26). 
 
 The Motive Temperament. 
 The Motive Temperament is based 
 upon the bones, muscles and ligaments 
 of the organization, and their promi- 
 nence indicates power and influence in 
 proportion to the degree of develop- 
 ment as a temperamental factor in hu- 
 man character. This temperament is 
 more self-esteem and personal inde- 
 
 pendence than pride or vanity. This 
 temperament is found in great leaders 
 and pioneers, and often in great mili- 
 tary commanders. They are the men 
 who go where the work is hardest. 
 When such men say "no" they mean it 
 and stick to it. When behind an en- 
 terprise they push it with great earnest- 
 ness and energy. They are the men 
 who have blazed the way, cleared the 
 forest, and made a higher civilization 
 possible. They are men who are full of 
 grit, pluck, energy and fearless' courage. 
 Observe the features of Fig. 27. 
 
IS 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 Mental Temperament. 
 
 The Mental Temperament is based 
 upon the brain and nervous system ; the 
 predominance of which is indicated by 
 a large head, mounting high from base 
 to top. forehead full and prominent 
 with oval, pale face and fine, clear cut 
 features, a clear, bright, intelligent eye; 
 in bodily form the bony frame work is 
 slight, and muscular organs thin and 
 spare. The head is narrow through the 
 base between the ears in the region of 
 the phrenological organs of combative- 
 
 tellectual than affectionate, as the 
 phrenological organ of amativeness is 
 not so strongly developed as in those in 
 whom the Vital Temperament predom- 
 inates. This temperament is marked 
 by a high grade of fine spun fiber, indi- 
 cated by a thin, delicate skin, fine silky 
 hair, and small bones. They are better 
 adapted to the professions and intellec- 
 tual pursuits than to any craft, me- 
 chanical, or commercial business. E. 
 Burton Holmes (Fig. 28) is a fine il- 
 lustration of the Mental Temperament. 
 The three temperaments of which I 
 
 Fig. 27. Hon. John G. Carlysle, Motive Temperament. Large preceptive and 
 Semi-perceptive organs, a good memory for dates and statistical matter 
 
 ness and destructiveness ; thus, men in 
 whom this temperament predominates 
 are not so aggressive and pugnacious as 
 those in whom the Vital and Motive 
 Temperaments are in the ascendancy. 
 This temperament is found in poets and 
 in literary and artistic people ; those of 
 refined tastes, fine feelings, high toned 
 moral sentiments, and intellectual and 
 scholarly attainments. In disposition 
 they are proud, sensitive and more in- 
 
 have given a brief description are rep- 
 resented in every organization, from 
 the lowest vertebrate animal to the 
 highest type of man. The most favor- 
 able temperament is the one in which 
 the three, the Motive, Mental and Vital, 
 are equally combined, thus giving a per- 
 fect balance of power and efficiency to 
 the physical organs of the body as well 
 as to the brain, nervous system and 
 mental faculties. See Fig. 29. 
 
THE TEMPERAMENTS. 
 
 19 
 
 The more perfectly developed and 
 adjusted each bone, muscle and 
 vital organ is to every other organ, 
 the more power, endurance, activity 
 and harmony of temperament. The 
 steam engine that is made of the finest 
 material and constructed on the most 
 perfect scientific lines, will run with less 
 friction, more smoothness, and greater 
 durability than one made from inferior 
 material, poorly constructed and im- 
 perfectly adjusted. 
 
 inches should weigh 160 pounds and 
 stand 5 feet 9 inches in height. The 
 man whose head is 23 inches in circum- 
 ference should weigh from 175 to 180 
 pounds, and be 5 feet io}4 inches in 
 height. The predominance or deficiency 
 of any one of the temperaments, the 
 Vital, Motive, or Mental, is indicated 
 and can be determined by the develop- 
 ment of the combination of organs that 
 constitute the basis of that tempera- 
 ment. If the bony framework is in the 
 ascendency the Motive temperament 
 
 Fig. 28. E. Burton Holmes, A magnificent illustration of the Mental Temperament, 
 education, culture and refinement 
 
 A perfectly balanced and harmonious 
 temperament is indicated by a uniform- 
 ity of physical developments and meas- 
 urements. Take, for illustration, a man 
 with a 22 inch head in circumference, 
 with proportionate length, width and 
 height of head, he should weigh 150 
 pounds and measure 5 feet 8 inches in 
 height, with ample chest and abdominal 
 measurements. 
 
 The man whose head measures 22 V 2 
 
 predominates. When the vital organs 
 round out the cheeks and the chest to a 
 normal plumpness, and the brain and 
 nervous system not so distinctly 
 marked, we have a combination 
 known as the Motive- Vital tempera- 
 ment. If the predominance of these 
 temperamental conditions is reversed, 
 the Vital-Motive temperament predom- 
 inates with its prevailing constitutional 
 influence, etc. 
 
•20 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 The Mental-Motive temperament is 
 indicated by a large well defined head 
 in combination with the bony frame- 
 work and muscular system fully de- 
 veloped. The hair is usually fine in 
 texture, with fine but firm skin and 
 wiry muscular fiber combined with 
 marked mental activity and power. 
 Dyspeptic tendencies are often found in 
 this combination of temperamental con- 
 ditions. 
 
 are based more upon physiology and 
 pathology than on anatomy and physi- 
 ology. They are generally recognized 
 by medico-physiological writers, and 
 described under the nomenclature of — 
 i. The Lymphatic Temperament, 
 
 2. The Sanguine Temperament, 
 
 3. The Bilious Temperament, and 
 
 4. The Nervous Temperament. 
 The Lymphatic Temperament is 
 
 based upon the lymphatic system, and 
 
 Fig. 29. Right Hon. William E. Gladstone, Well balanced Temperament 
 
 THE TEMPERAMENTS TREAT- 
 ED FROM A PATHOLOGI- 
 CAL STANDPOINT. 
 
 was recognized 
 
 The medical writers, from Hippocra- 
 tes to Thomas, give the classification 
 and a nomenclature to four divisions 
 of the temperamental conditions, which 
 
 by the ancients as the 
 Phlegmatic Temperament. 
 
 The lymphatic glands secrete a trans- 
 parent watery fluid called lymph, an ex-. 
 cessive development of which' is char- 
 acterized by a fullness and rotundity of 
 bodily form. The lower cheeks are 
 wide and plump; the complexion is 
 pale, sallow, or yellowish. The muscles 
 full, plump, soft and flabby. The 
 
THE TEMPERAMENTS. 
 
 21 
 
 eyes and general facial expression are 
 dull and sluggish. The abdomen is 
 conspicuously developed, thus giving a 
 corpulent appearance to the personality 
 of those in whom the influence of this 
 temperament most strongly prevails. 
 
 They are slow in thought and ac- 
 tion, and inclined to put off until to- 
 morrow what they should do to-day. 
 They are never in a hurry, and are 
 often lazy and habitually indolent. 
 They are much inclined to repose; re- 
 tire early and sleep late. They are 
 mild in disposition, very little ambition 
 to aspire to higher things, or keep up 
 with the procession of progress. They 
 are often timid and indifferent when 
 in the social circle. The recuperative 
 tendency and repleteness of the muscu- 
 lar tissue are distinct characteristics 
 that are in common with the Vital 
 Temperament. Fig. 30 represents 
 marked phases of the lymphatic and 
 vital organs. 
 
 Fig. 30. Vital Phlegmatic, Temperament, bad organization- 
 
 A criminal record and known to the Police 
 
 as Boston Charley 
 
 THE SANGUINE TEMPERA- 
 MENT. 
 
 This temperament is based upon the 
 arterial, circulatory, capillary vessels, 
 
 lungs and stomach. It corresponds to 
 the Vital Temperament given in the 
 anatomical classification of the temper- 
 aments. A favorable development of 
 this physical condition is most condu- 
 cive to health and longevity. In its 
 normal condition it is replete with more 
 healthful vigor and activity of bodily 
 function than the Lymphatic Tempera- 
 ment. 
 
 The late Hazen S. Pingree was a 
 splendid illustration of the Sanguine 
 Temperament. 
 
 The characteristics that distinguish 
 this temperament are its positive rather 
 than negative manifestations; physic- 
 ally, the stature is generally above the 
 average in height and weight; erect in 
 pose, and well balanced in muscular 
 and bony structure; the chest and 
 shoulders are broad, deep and ample. 
 It possesses in common with the Mo- 
 tive and Vital Temperaments many in- 
 fluential and distinct characteristics. It 
 is further characterized by the impul- 
 sive enthusiasm of the Vital, and athle- 
 tic power and agility of the Motive 
 Temperaments. The head is generally 
 average in size and well formed. 
 Those possessed of the sanguine tem- 
 peramental conditions are sensitive both 
 mentally and physically, and live 
 in close contact with their surround- 
 ings and circumstances. Where this 
 temperament is very highly developed, 
 more life, energy and activity will be 
 manifested in one day than in the 
 Phlegmatic Temperament in a week. 
 
 The textural conditions are charac- 
 terized by fine, thin, soft, velvety skin. 
 The complexion is fresh and ruddy; 
 the facial expression generally open, 
 frank and animated. The bodily loco- 
 motion is quick, easy and graceful. The 
 face round or oval and rather full and 
 plump. The eyes are blue and expres- 
 sive. The lips are well rounded, full 
 and red. In disposition they are fond 
 of social life, cordial, friendly, affec- 
 tionate, loving, sympathetic, and ex- 
 tremely fond of the pleasures of life. 
 
82 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 THE BILIOUS TEMPERAMENT. 
 
 The Bilious Temperament has its 
 foundation in the liver and venous sys- 
 tem, and their prevailing influence over 
 the functions of the digestive organs, 
 which involve to a great extent a closely 
 connected relation with the nervo- 
 ganglionic centers in their operations. 
 They give the elements for a sound 
 physiological basis for this distinct type 
 of temperament. This temperament is 
 a predisposed, inherited condition, but 
 can be superinduced by living in a dry 
 hot climate, and by taking food com- 
 posed largely of meats, such as bacon. 
 
 general bearing lofty and a self-import- 
 ant air; energetic, often blunt, abrupt, 
 emphatic, positive, expressive in ges- 
 ture and a firm rather quick measured 
 walk. The facial expression is gener- 
 ally cold, stern, austere and severe. 
 
 The complexion is dark, tawny, 
 olive, or dull. The hair is black, or 
 dark brown, strong, wiry and abund- 
 ant. See portrait of Dickson, Fig. 31. 
 
 The Bilious Temperament is determ- 
 ined by the predominating influence of 
 the liver and venous system, and the 
 Sanguine Temperament by the predom- 
 inating- influence of the heart and ar- 
 terial system; hence, the dark complex- 
 ion in one, and a fair and ruddy com- 
 plexion in the other. 
 
 NERVOUS TEMPERAMENT. 
 
 Fig. 31. Dickson, the champion rope walker of Canada. 
 Bilious Temperament 
 
 smoked or spiced meats, tea, cof- 
 fee and alcoholic beverages. I have 
 never met a person in whom this tem- 
 perament prevails but what was exceed- 
 ingly fond of coffee, and persisted as a 
 rule in its use regardless of its delete- 
 rious effects. If there are any people 
 who should avoid the use of coffee it 
 is those with this type of temperament. 
 The physical characteristics of the 
 Bilious Temperament are indicated by 
 medium stature, sometimes tall and an- 
 gular in bodily form, with a firm pose, 
 
 This temperament is based upon the 
 abnormal condition of the brain and 
 nervous system, especially the latter, as 
 it is influenced more by the nervo-gang- 
 lionic system than the brain. Its mani- 
 festations are peculiar to its own inher- 
 ent constitutional condition, and can be 
 readily distinguished from the normal 
 condition of a healthy, well balanced 
 brain and nervous organization. 
 
 This temperamental condition is 
 more often found in persons who have 
 the Mental Temperament than the Mo- 
 tive or Vital Temperaments. The more 
 advanced toward a higher civilization 
 the races become, the greater the de- 
 gree in quantity, quality, and sensitive 
 activity of the nervous system. Hence, 
 under the high pressure of modern 
 methods, habits, ways and manner of 
 living in the higher classes of civiliza- 
 tion the nervous system must necessar- 
 ily be keyed up to an abnormal tension 
 of sensation, feverish irritability, which 
 becomes constitutional and hereditary 
 in many families. 
 
 Persons in whom this temperament 
 prevails have fine hair, but not very 
 abundant; fine, thin skin; thin, slender 
 muscles and bones; thin cheeks; pale 
 countenance; bright, wide-awake eyes; 
 generally blue, gray or light brown. 
 
THE PROPENSITIES. 
 
 28 
 
 This temperament gives great activ- 
 ity to the brain and nervous system, 
 and intense vivacity and enthusiasm to 
 the mental activities. Persons with this 
 temperament should live on a simple 
 diet, and avoid tea, coffee, spices, pep- 
 pers, and all kinds of rich, highly sea- 
 soned food. They should sleep all they 
 
 Mental and Bilious Temperaments give 
 great power and strength of character. 
 The Mental, Vital and Sanguine Tem- 
 peraments are a favorable combination. 
 Shakespeare draws an admirable con- 
 trast between the nervous and lymphatic 
 temperaments in a scene between Cae- 
 sar and Antony in the following lines : 
 
 Fig. 32. Hazen S. Pingree, Sanguine, Mental Vital Temperament. A large head, 
 fine brain and strong character 
 
 can; they are not apt to over-sleep; 
 nature has given them all the stimulants 
 they require. 
 
 These temperaments are all mixed 
 in different proportions in the organiza- 
 tion of every human being. And the 
 respective influence of each tempera- 
 ment is manifested in proportion to the 
 degree of its constitutional develop- 
 ment. 
 
 The Mental, Motive, and Sanguine 
 Temperaments are a favorable combin- 
 ation. The Motive, Bilious and Lym- 
 phatic Temperaments are a most unfa- 
 vorable combination. The Motive, 
 
 Caesar — Let me have men about me 
 
 that are fat, 
 Sleek-headed men, and such as sleep o' 
 
 nights. 
 YoncT Cassius has a lean and hungry 
 
 look. 
 He thinks too much. Such men are 
 
 dangerous. 
 Antony — -Fear him not, Caesar; he's 
 
 not dangerous. He is a noble Ro- 
 man, and well given. 
 Caesar — Would he were fatter — but I 
 
 fear him not ; 
 Yet if my name were liable to fear, 
 I do not know the man I should avoid 
 So soon as that spare Cassius. 
 
u 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 These temperamental conditions are 
 subject to diseases peculiar to the type 
 of temperament. 
 
 For example: the Bilious Tempera- 
 ment is more liable to bilious diseases 
 than the Vital, or Sanguine Tempera- 
 ments. The Mental Temperament is 
 more liable to nervous diseases than the 
 Motive, or Vital Temperaments. The 
 Sanguine Temperament is more liable 
 to inflammatory diseases than any of 
 the other temperaments. 
 
 The Vital and Lymphatic Tempera- 
 ments are liable to diseases of the vital 
 organs. Heart failure, gout and in- 
 flammatory diseases often afflict a per- 
 son with this temperament. 
 
 The chemical elements that enter in- 
 to and are part and parcel of the tem- 
 perament of every human being vary 
 in their respective proportions; hence, 
 this temperamental differentiation 
 marks the individuality of every human 
 being. 
 
 * a 
 
 Fig. 33. Evidences of Civilization 
 
 THE PHRENOLOGICAL ORGANS 
 
 AND THEIR LOCATION 
 
 AND DIVERSIFIED 
 
 FUNCTIONS. 
 
 We come now to the point in the 
 physio-psychological treatment of the 
 relation of psychic phenomena and the 
 organs of the brain. 
 
 Phrenology does not teach just where 
 the boundary line exists, if there be 
 such a line of demarcation, between 
 mind and brain substance. It is an em- 
 pirical and inductive science, which was 
 
 discovered by careful observation and 
 experiments by the comparison of 
 psychic faculty with size, location and 
 form of the cerebral parts ; hence, after 
 hundreds and even thousands of critical 
 tests had been applied to each organ 
 and its function, and every opportunity 
 for error had been overcome, Drs. Gall 
 and Spurzheim discovered and located 
 thirty-six organs in the human brain, 
 to which have been added six others 
 which have been discovered by students 
 of human nature who learned to apply 
 the methods and rules of observation 
 and induction as laid down by their 
 eminent predecessors. Thus making 
 forty-two primary faculties of the mind 
 that have been localized in their respec- 
 tive organs in the brain. The Science 
 of Phrenology which is founded on and 
 is injected into the substratum of the 
 physiology of the brain has not fully re- 
 vealed the profoundly inseparable con- 
 nection between the psychic faculty and 
 its organ. But to phrenology is due full 
 credit for the closest and clearest an- 
 alysis of this intimate and invisible rela- 
 tion of brain and mind of any science, 
 or system of psychology, that has at- 
 tempted to treat or solve the problem of 
 man as a dual being with a physical 
 body or "entity" that is endowed with 
 consciousness and all the psychic fac- 
 ulties requisite to the perfection of the 
 individuality of a supposed independent 
 immortal "Ego." 
 
 One class of Spiritualists claim they 
 have proof in positive demonstration 
 that this "Ego," or the Spirit of Man, 
 does not only exist in fact as much as 
 the physical man exists as an entity, but 
 after its separation from this material 
 body, at which time death to the body 
 ensues, it returns at intervals in a re- 
 materialized form, in which it exhibits 
 itself, usually at specially appointed 
 times and places, in dark rooms, and 
 other equipments in the form of cab- 
 inets, music boxes, tin horns, and such 
 other material devices as necessary to 
 facilitate the operations of the material- 
 ization of the spirit form. For more 
 than twenty years I have attended many 
 private and public seances, where I was 
 
THE SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 
 
 25 
 
 informed that the most highly de- 
 veloped mediums in the country gave 
 materializing tests, but in every in- 
 stance I saw nothing in the form of a 
 spiritualized body or heard the sound of 
 a voice that was not made by material 
 organs of speech in the ordinary way, 
 but evidence of the most papable trick- 
 ery and fraud could be seen in the con- 
 ditions and circumstances which advo- 
 cates of the cult claim are essential to 
 spiritual unfoldment and materializa- 
 tion. 
 
 The other class of Spiritualists be- 
 lieve in the doctrine of the immaterial 
 spiritual body, and when it severs its 
 connection from this mortal body that 
 it never returns to earth again, but goes 
 to its final and eternal place of abode. 
 Just where, they have not discovered. 
 
 The trend of modern thought and 
 scientific research is more in the di- 
 rection of the facts and phenomena of 
 nature itself than in inspiration. Prof. 
 Ferrier's paper, which he read a few 
 years ago before the Anthropological 
 Society of London, and which was pub- 
 lished in the Journal of the Anthropolo- 
 gical Institute, vol. xix, p. 12, vol. xx, 
 p. 227, sets forth the views of probably 
 one of the most able exponents of this 
 school of physio-psychological science 
 in the latter half of the nineteenth cen- 
 tury, and from which 1 quote the fol- 
 lowing extract : 
 
 "In vain does the Spiritualist find an 
 argument of the existence of a separate 
 immaterial substance on the alleged in- 
 compatibility of the intellectual and the 
 physical phenomena to co-inhere in the 
 same sub-stratum. Materiality may 
 very well stand the brunt of that broad- 
 side undershot. This mild artifice can 
 scarcely expect to be treated as a serious 
 observation. Such an hypothesis can- 
 not be meant to be in earnest. 
 
 "Who is to dictate to nature what 
 phenomena, or what inhere in what sub- 
 stances; what effects may result from 
 what causes? Matter is clearlv in the 
 field as an acknowledeed entity — this 
 both parties admit. Mind considered 
 as an independent entity is not so un- 
 mistakably in the field ; therefore as en- 
 tities are not to be multiplied without 
 
 necessity, we are not entitled to postu- 
 late a new cause, so long as it is possible 
 to account for the phenomena by a cause 
 already in existence, which possibility 
 has never yet been disproved." 
 
 It was discovered that nature 
 grouped the phrenological organs in a 
 manner similar to all the organs in the 
 body. The vital and other organs, for 
 illustration. The reproductive, domes- 
 tic and social instincts are grouped to- 
 gether in the posterior lobes of the 
 brain, or back head. The selfish pro- 
 pensities in the side head. The selfish 
 sentiments in the posterior superior 
 lobes of the brain, in and about the 
 crown of the head. The moral senti- 
 ments are grouped together in the top 
 head. The intellectual faculties are sit- 
 uated in the frontal lobes of the brain, 
 or forehead. The semi-intellectual 
 faculties are situated in the upper side 
 head. 
 
 I shall treat each phrenological or- 
 gan and its function as briefly, yet 
 clearly, concisely and fully, as space will 
 permit under its own nomenclature. 
 The organ of Amativeness is the first 
 propensity to be considered in the 
 natural order of development. 
 
 AMATIVENESS. 
 
 This propensity is common to men 
 and animals, the organ of which is lo- 
 cated in the Cerebellum, the small brain 
 which is situated under the posterior 
 lobes of the Cerebrum/" the large brain. 
 
 The location and size of this organ 
 can be determined by the development 
 of the head, below the occipital spine, 
 which is a small bony projection on the 
 median line of the lower back head : 
 when large it is indicated by a well 
 rounded peripheral expansion of the 
 nape of the neck between the openings 
 of the ears. 
 
 FUNCTION. 
 
 The function of this organ is the 
 manifestation of virile power, passion- 
 ate love, sexual desire, and the repro- 
 ductive instinct. It is the largest phren- 
 ological organ in the human brain, and 
 correspondingly potential in manifesta- 
 
86 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 tion and influence. It lies near the top 
 of the Medulla Oblongata, which is the 
 tap root of every organ where they are 
 energized by its magic influence. 
 
 Those who have the vital tempera- 
 ment strongly marked are usually en- 
 dowed with a strong degree of this pro- 
 pensity, as shown by the full, broad 
 nape of the neck, and its correspond- 
 ing manifestations toward the opposite 
 sex. 
 
 The influence of this faculty upon 
 
 the other sex, and are often rude to 
 them; but after that age they become 
 gallant, attentive and polished in style 
 and manner. It tones down and softens 
 the blunt and harsher feelings of man 
 and makes him more pliable, kind, 
 courteous in disposition when in the 
 society of ladies. An abnormal de- 
 velopment and perverted manifestation 
 of this organ leads to low company, 
 licentiousness and immoral social rela- 
 tions, if not regulated by the intel- 
 lectual and superior faculties. 
 
 Fig. 34. 
 A Motherly Chimpanzee 
 
 human character is very great, either 
 for good or evil. It lies at the very 
 foundation of reproduction and the 
 perpetuation of the human race, not 
 only of the human race, but of every 
 species of the animal kingdom, from 
 the lowest primate to the highest. 
 
 Man was endowed with this propen- 
 sity for the wise and beneficent purpose 
 of perpetuating his kind. 
 
 Boys up to the age of puberty are 
 generally indifferent to the society of 
 
 Dr. Spurzheim says this organ at- 
 tains its full growth between sixteen 
 and twenty-five years of age, and fre- 
 quently diminishes in old age. Wlien 
 the organ is very small in a person, the 
 beauty of form and charming magnetic 
 personality of the opposite sex does not 
 appeal to him beyond the degree of 
 ordinary friendship. 
 
 This propensity some times finds ex- 
 pression in sparkling lines of lyric 
 verse. 
 
THE TEMPERAMENTS. 
 
 27 
 
 Now, loved one, I send to thee 
 The song I rudely fashion, 
 
 No strains are they of Arcady, 
 But lays of purest passion. 
 
 This faculty identifies with it the 
 quality of love between man and 
 woman ; thus the man or woman who is 
 fitly mated grows doubly good, as the 
 phrase goes. Men, equally with wo- 
 men, learn that safety leans to virtue's 
 side, especially to the virtue of manly 
 love and care. 
 
 Fig. 35. The mouth of a cold hearted, prudish old maid 
 
 Observe the small, narrow chin 
 which corresponds to the small organ 
 of Amativeness in the lower section of 
 the back head, where this love enamor- 
 ing propensity is situated. There is not 
 a spark of love or affection represented 
 in those thin, sharp-edged, cold lips. A 
 forbidding mouth and chin. Fig. 35. 
 
 CONJUGALITY. 
 
 The continuity of love is the function 
 of this pairing instinct, which is located 
 on each side of the organ of Philopro- 
 genitiveness, and just back of the lower 
 section of the organ of Combativeness. 
 When large the head is comparatively 
 wide at this point and narrow when 
 small. If Amativeness, Approbative- 
 ness and Self-Esteem are large in con- 
 nection with a strong conjugal instinct 
 in a person, he is, under the influence of 
 proper provocations, subject to un- 
 controlable fits of jealousy; and if 
 Destructiveness is also large he some- 
 times becomes desperate and takes the 
 life of the object of his affection when 
 he feels and sees her drifting away 
 from him under the enamoring influ- 
 ence of a rival lover. The pressure of 
 such a fate is too strong to be endured, 
 
 and he feels that prospective life is a 
 barren future, and that the horrors of 
 death are more inviting than the faded 
 star of a blasted hope. When this or- 
 gan is small and Amativeness large, 
 love is transitory; hence, the manifes- 
 tation of an inconstant, treacherous in- 
 fidelity in conjugal love. 
 
 The woman who possesses a strong 
 conjugal affection and marries a man 
 with it only moderately developed 
 must be most attractive, artful and tact- 
 ful to hold his love and affection ex- 
 clusively under her influence and con- 
 trol. 
 
 This pairing instinct is manifested by 
 many species of the animal and feath- 
 ered tribes. 
 
 PHILOPROGENITIVENESS. 
 
 This organ is situated on the median 
 line in the back head, and corresponds 
 to an area just above the organ of 
 
 Fig. 36. Large Philoprogenitiveness 
 
 Amativeness and the small bony pro- 
 jection called the occipital protuber- 
 ance, at the point of the arrow in Fig. 
 36. The function of this propensity is 
 the love, affection and care of off- 
 spring. When very large it manifests 
 a strong feeling for progeny, children 
 and pets in general. Many persons ex- 
 hibit a very great love for the animal 
 
•:> 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 kingdom; some for dogs and others 
 for horses, etc. 
 
 This offspring- loving instinct is 
 manifested by many of the different 
 species of the animal kingdom in a 
 most remarkable degree, especially the 
 ape family in which Dr. Gall first dis- 
 covered the organ of this instinct. Ob- 
 serve the motherly manifestation of 
 this propensity in the chimpanzee, Fig. 
 33. The natural language of this fac- 
 ulty when extraordinarily large, is to 
 throw the head backward in the direc- 
 tion of the organ, when fondling the 
 object of its love. 
 
 The mother in whom this faculty is 
 large manifests great solicitude and 
 anxiety over the future of her children, 
 and often too much leniency for her 
 own happiness and their own good. 
 This is especially so when large Cau- 
 tiousness is present. This organ is 
 larger in the female head than in the 
 male; hence, a deeper and stronger 
 manifestation of this propensity by the 
 mother than is usually manifested by 
 the father. This propensity often pre- 
 vents her from seeing the defects and 
 faults in her children as they are seen 
 by the neighbors. She is ready to ex- 
 cuse their short comings, and place the 
 blame for their bad conduct on the 
 neighbor's children. 
 
 She readily yields to the appealing 
 desires of her children, and often 
 "spares the rod and spoils the child." 
 
 Lord Byron beautifully represents 
 the loving, watchful motherly care of 
 this propensity in the following lines : 
 
 Adah. — 
 
 Where were then the joys, 
 
 The mother's joys of watching, 
 
 nourishing 
 And loving him? Soft! 
 He awakes. Sweet Enoch. 
 
 {She goes to the child.) 
 
 It is the most easily located of any 
 of the phrenological organs in the back 
 head, and can be readily verified if a 
 person chooses to appeal to nature. 
 
 FRIENDSHIP. 
 
 The function of this organ is the 
 manifestation of a social feeling, a love 
 and affection for friends. The cordial, 
 ardent manifestation which corre- 
 sponds to the degree of its develop- 
 ment. 
 
 This organ is located at the posterior 
 edge of the parietal bone, just above the 
 lamdoidal suture, on each side of the 
 organ of Inhabitiveness. The width, 
 or a full rounded development in this 
 region of the head determines the de- 
 gree of its development. When the 
 entire social group of organs is large, 
 the back head is built back and upward, 
 full and round from the opening of the 
 ear. See Fig No. 37. It is one of the 
 most difficult of all the organs to illus- 
 trate in a portrait. 
 
 Those who have this organ large be- 
 stow a very warm friendship upon 
 those who are embraced in their circle 
 of friends. They have strong social 
 influence over them, if combined with 
 a full degree of Approbativeness, Con- 
 scientiousness, Agreeableness and Be- 
 nevolence. 
 
 This instinct or social faculty is man- 
 ifested by many species of the animal 
 kingdom and feathered tribes in a most 
 marked degree. The dog and cat often 
 manifest this faculty in a very fervent 
 and extraordinary manner. 
 
 Those in whom the organ is small 
 never make many, if any, warm friends. 
 They are looked upon as cold, stiff, sel- 
 fish and indifferent, by those who know 
 their dispositions best ; out of sight, out 
 of mind. 
 
 The love of friendship is a very dif- 
 ferent and distinct quality of love from 
 that which is manifested by the sexual 
 propensity. The love of friendship is 
 manifested equally toward both male 
 and female. It never discriminates be- 
 tween the sexes, unless it is duly in- 
 fluenced by the sexual instinct, then a 
 preference is made most manifest. But 
 the organ of Amativeness clearly indi- 
 cates its function by a distinct tendency 
 and preference in a love for the opposite 
 sex. 
 
THE PHRENOLOGICAL ORGANS. 
 
 29 
 
 There are many people who believe 
 that love is love, and emanates from 
 one common source or faculty. Love 
 of the opposite sex, love of friends, and 
 love of children are functionally as dis- 
 tinct as the senses of feeling, hearing, 
 smelling, and tasting. 
 
 Friendship is the golden thread that 
 is so strongly interwoven in our great 
 social fabric. It manifests itself in a 
 friendly greeting or by a cordial hand 
 shake. The organ is small in those 
 who allow you to do the shaking. Be 
 shy of the hand that is cold, clammy, 
 indifferent, and negative; I would as 
 soon pick up a cold, clammy fish. 
 
 Fig. 37. Mental Temperament, Causality 
 and Friendship Large 
 
 Those in whom this faculty is weak 
 are unfortunate as they are correspond- 
 ingly weak in social power and in- 
 fluence, and possess little or no person- 
 al magnetism. It is a psychic quality 
 most essential to the politician, the phy- 
 sician, clergyman and salesman. The 
 organs of Friendship, Mirthfulness, 
 Eventuality, Comparison, Imitation and 
 Language make up the combination of 
 faculties essential to a good story teller. 
 
 The strong feeling of friendship has 
 found expression through the poet's 
 pen in lines of tender est affection. 
 
 "The heart like a tendril accustomed 
 to cling, 
 Let it grow where it will, cannot 
 flourish alone; 
 But will lean to the nearest and love- 
 liest thing, 
 It can twine with itself, and make 
 closely its own." 
 
 INHAB1TIVENESS. 
 
 This organ is situated on the median 
 line in the center of the back head im- 
 mediately above Philoprogenitiveness, 
 and just below the organ of Continuity. 
 There is often a bony excrescence of 
 considerable prominence at this point in 
 the head, the presence of which is some- 
 times mistaken by the amateur phren- 
 ologist for the organ of Inhabitiveness. 
 
 The function of this organ is the love 
 of home, country, city, town, neigh- 
 borhood, room, bed, and same place at 
 the table. Those in whom the organ of 
 Locality is moderate or small, and In- 
 habitiveness large, are averse to travel. 
 If the distance is short and time limited 
 they can take a trip, but are restless and 
 uneasy until they get back home. They 
 always feel better returning than going 
 from home. 
 
 Those in whom this home-loving in- 
 stinct is small, and the organs of Lo- 
 cality and Friendship are large, love to 
 travel and see new places, and if Sub- 
 limity and Ideality are large, enjoy the 
 beauties and grandeur of mountain 
 scenery. They are ramblers and gad- 
 abouts, never contented in one place 
 long at a time. 
 
 Those who possess the unfortunate 
 group of organs embracing large Se- 
 cretiveness, large Friendship, large In- 
 dividuality, and small Inhabitiveness 
 are gossips, tale mongers, and revel in 
 stirring up enmity between neighbors 
 and friends. 
 
 Its normal manifestation in connec- 
 tion with strong social power is the love 
 of home comforts, sweetness of domes- 
 tic life, neighborly and friendly patri- 
 otic citizenship. 
 
30 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 CONTINUITY. 
 
 The location of this organ is on the 
 median line immediately above Inhab- 
 itiveness and below Self- Esteem. 
 
 The functional manifestation of this 
 faculty is mental application, stick-to- 
 it-iveness, thoroughness, consecutive 
 thought and feeling. This faculty reg- 
 ulates the application of the other facul- 
 ties of the mind, and serves as a balance 
 wheel to their operations. 
 
 accumulating a great number and var- 
 iety of unfinished things; jump readily 
 from one thing to another. They be- 
 lieve that, "Variety is the spice of life." 
 This faculty is not strong in the 
 average American; he works rapidly 
 and changes quickly from one thing to 
 another, thus resourceful and versatile 
 in the application of his mental powers. 
 It prevents persons with otherwise 
 strong intellectual faculties from be- 
 coming close students or thorough 
 scholars. I examined the head of a 
 
 Fig. 38. E. Burton Holmes, Continuity large. The head mounts high from base to top. Ambition strong 
 
 Those who possess this faculty to a 
 strong degree are very tedious, prolix, 
 patient and thorough in whatever they 
 do. Their motto is, "Whatever is 
 worth doing at all, is worth doing 
 well." A deficiency in this organ gives 
 a very changeable disposition to those 
 who are so constituted. If they have a 
 sensitive temperament with large Com- 
 bativeness they are impetuous, impa- 
 tient and manifest violent fits of tem- 
 per. They multiply their troubles by 
 
 young man in Ann Arbor, Mich., a few 
 years ago, in whom I found the organs 
 of Continuity and Language very large. 
 I described him as a very close and 
 thorough student, and if he would 
 study the languages he could surely 
 learn them with great ease and facility. 
 A fellow student who was present at 
 the examination, and by the way of 
 corroboration, informed me that my 
 client had accomplished a most extra- 
 ordinary feat in learning in six months 
 
THE SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 
 
 31 
 
 what is required in a two years' course 
 in the Latin language. 
 
 Through the influence of this faculty 
 some men with very ordinary intellec- 
 tual ability attain to a higher degree 
 of success through their persistent ap- 
 plication to their chosen pursuit, than 
 men who are much more talented and 
 brilliant, but weak in application. 
 
 VITATIVENESS. 
 
 The desire to live and cling to life 
 has been as fully and conclusively de- 
 monstrated in the natural history of the 
 human race as any primary faculty in 
 the human mind. Men and animals 
 will cling tenaciously to, and fight for, 
 and stretch the thread of longevity to 
 its greatest possible length, even under 
 the pressure of the most hopeless and 
 oppressive burdens, diseases and ad- 
 verse circumstances. 
 
 The poet-laureate sang: 
 
 "'Tis Life, whereof our nerves scent, 
 O' life, not death, for which we want 
 More life, and fuller, that I want." 
 
 The function of this propensity is a:^ 
 innate desire to live ai'd exist as lone 
 as possible in this world; and when 
 death is inevitable it inspires faith and 
 hope with a vision that sees an imagin- 
 ary star that lights the borderland of 
 another world, which relieves the sting 
 of death to many people. 
 
 The size of this organ determines to 
 a great extent the length of a person's 
 life. I have found this organ large in 
 many persons; and when I ventured 
 to give the approximate length of the 
 lives of their immediate ancestors from 
 whom they had inherited this strong 
 propensity to live; they readilv con- 
 firmed my observation. See Fig. 39. 
 
 The organ of this propensity is situ- 
 ated at the basis of the middle and pos- 
 terior lobes of the brain, where they 
 intersect each other. 
 
 It is partiallv covered bv the pos- 
 terior edge of the mastoid process, 
 a bony projection back of the ear, 
 which the amateur phrenologist con- 
 
 cludes, after an examination of his own 
 head, that it is the "Bump" of Com- 
 bativeness. Mr. Combe says, "The 
 mastoid process is the asses' bridge over 
 which the incipient phrenologists have 
 to pass." 
 
 COMBATIVENESS. 
 
 This organ is situated about two 
 inches backward and a little upward 
 from the opening of the ear, and corre- 
 sponds to the posterior inferior angle of 
 the parietal bone. See Fig. 39. The 
 function of this propensity is aggres- 
 sion, courage, boldness, opposition, self- 
 protection, desire to overcome obstacles 
 and a get-out-of-my-way-let-me-alone 
 disposition. It is to the organ of De- 
 structiveness what powder is to the bul- 
 let. When very large it manifests it- 
 self in a contrary, fault-finding, quar- 
 relsome disposition When balanced 
 with Cautiousness and strong reason- 
 ing faculties, its power is most effective 
 for good. It gives energy and force to 
 character. When Combativeness and 
 Acquisitiveness are both large in a per- 
 son he manifests great energy and in- 
 dustry in business affairs. 
 
 It is admirably adapted to inspire a 
 man with the necessary pluck to con- 
 tend for his rights and not allow others 
 to impose on him. 
 
 A strong degree of it is very essen- 
 tial to great leaders and magnanimous 
 characters. 
 
 Large Combativeness, cautiousness 
 and an excitable nervous temperament 
 give an impatient, restless, snappy, 
 hesitating, irritable, unsettled, disagree- 
 able disposition. 
 
 When it is strong enough to give a 
 person a violent temper he should 
 avoid such circumstances as tend to stir 
 up the combative spirit. See Fig. 23. 
 
 DESTRUCTIVENESS. 
 
 This organ is situated immediately 
 above the opening of the ear. The 
 width of the head at this point determ- 
 ines the size of the organ. See Figs. 
 38-39- 
 
HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 The primary function of this propen- 
 sity is the impulse to destroy. Com 
 bativeness gives courage and resent- 
 ment, while Destructiveness gives the 
 desire to destroy, crush out, tear down 
 and obliterate whatever is in opposition 
 to man's wants and desires. 
 
 The fact that such an instinct is fun- 
 damental in the minds of men and ani- 
 mals is abundantly proven by the his- 
 tory of its strong manifestation in the 
 
 power and activity of this propensity. 
 
 The herbiverous animal that does not 
 depend upon flesh food for its existence, 
 has only a moderate development of 
 the organ of Destructiveness, and no 
 equipments in the form of fang, claw, 
 or beak with which to destroy the lives 
 of other animals and birds. In the 
 whole history of the evolutionary de- 
 velopment of the different species of the 
 animal kingdom, from the lowest ori- 
 
 Fig. 39. Prince Bismarck, The Iron Chancellor. A large head, Combativeness]and Destructiveness, larg< 
 
 human race and in certain species of the 
 animal and feathered tribes. The car- 
 niverous animals, like the birds that be- 
 long to the falcon family, have wide 
 heads and large, scythe formed fangs, 
 beaks and claws, which are the natural 
 instruments they employ in destroying 
 the life of their prey. These instru- 
 ments of destruction conform perfectly 
 in their adaptation to the functional 
 
 mate to man, there has not been as 
 great an exhibition of this destructive 
 propensity in a given species as in the 
 human race. Almost every chapter, in 
 the history of man is highly colored 
 with his own blood. There is not an 
 organ in the human brain that has 
 given a clearer demonstration of its ex- 
 istence as a fundamental psychic power 
 than this destructive propensity. 
 
DESTRUCTIVENESS. 
 
 33 
 
 Its normal manifestation gives exec- 
 utive force to character; it enables a 
 man to execute and push his plans or 
 causes right over and through obstacles 
 and battle down all opposition until he 
 accomplishes his end. Persons in whom 
 this organ is large are fond of animal 
 food. 
 
 The abnormal development of this 
 propensity leads to savage cruelty, re- 
 venge, bitter malice and murder. It 
 gives a severe, stern, cloudy, heavy ex- 
 pression to the face. The facial expres- 
 sion of Bismarck illustrates its influence 
 over the countenance. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott describes its ab- 
 normal manifestation as "the ruffian 
 thirst for blood." 
 
 Fig. 40. Destructivcness very large. A strong type of 
 the criminal head 
 
 AUMENTIVENESS. 
 
 This organ gives an instinctive de- 
 sire, relish and appetite for food, and 
 produces hunger when not gratified. It 
 is most admirably adapted to the re- 
 quirements of the vital and nutritive 
 system of man and animals. It is the 
 first instinct to manifest itself in the 
 newly born babe, kitten, cub, or chicken. 
 
 The gratification of this organ, if it 
 is large and strong, with a healthy di- 
 gestion, affords great pleasure and en- 
 
 joyment to those who are so happily 
 constituted. 
 
 The abnormal development and man- 
 ifestation of this gustatory propensity 
 is gormandizing and gluttony; hence, 
 sometimes dyspepsia and all its contin- 
 gent evils. 
 
 The digestive organs to which this 
 propensity is directly related lie at the 
 very foundation of health and happi- 
 ness. There is not an organ in the hu- 
 man brain that is so subject to abuse 
 and that is perverted to such a degree, 
 as this particular instinct. The larger 
 the organ the more liable it is to abuse 
 and perversion unless restrained by the 
 balancing power of other organs. 
 
 The strength and keenness of the ap- 
 petite can be determined by the width 
 of the head at the point where the or- 
 gan is located, which is in front and a 
 
 Fig. 41. Motive Mental Temperament. 
 Destructiveness Moderate 
 
 little above the opening of the ear, and 
 under the zygomatic process and the 
 temporal muscle. Its peculiar situation 
 makes it, in cases where this muscle is 
 thick and rounds out the head at this 
 point, more difficult to determine its 
 size than any of the other phrenological 
 organs. This organ is from full to 
 large, and often very large in those who 
 possess the Vital Temperament. The 
 happiness of man varies according to 
 the development of his phrenological 
 organs, temperamental conditions and 
 circumstances. The table with its 
 tempting viands appeals more strongly 
 
3-1 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 to the man with a well rounded Vital 
 Temperament and large Alimentive- 
 ness as a source of enjoyment than do 
 all other objects of pleasure combined. 
 Thomas B. Reed's head was wide in 
 the region of this organ. See Fig-. 26. 
 
 The normal function of this propen- 
 sity is to get, accumulate and hoard 
 property in some form or other ; and is 
 most perfectly adapted to man's wants 
 and needs ; and when balanced and con- 
 trolled by the superior faculties stimu- 
 
 4/ 
 
 Fig. 42. Andrew Carnegie Large Constructiveness and Acquisitiveness. 
 
 ACQUISITIVENESS. 
 
 This organ is located in front of the 
 organs of Destructiveness and Secre- 
 tiveness, and immediately above the or- 
 gan of Alimentiveness. It belongs to 
 that group of selfish instincts that en- 
 able a man to "lock out for number 
 one," and it prompted the utterance of 
 the old maxim, "Self-preservation is 
 the first law of nature." 
 
 *ates him to 1 thrifty, industrious habits, 
 and the development of business and 
 financial ability. 
 
 The abnormal manifestation of its 
 functional power is a grasping, close- 
 fisted, stingy, penurious, miserly dispo- 
 sition. When the moral faculties are 
 weak, and the organ of Secretiveness is 
 large, it leads to criminal offences, such 
 as thieving, burglary, all kinds of trick- 
 ery, low, cunning and sharp practice in 
 business affairs that will in any way 
 
ACQUISITIVENESS. 
 
 35 
 
 contribute to its sordid and avaricious 
 gratification. Professional thieves, 
 burglars and pickpockets have the or- 
 gans of Acquisitiveness and Secretive- 
 ness large, which is clearly illustrated 
 in Figs. 40 and 5 1 . 
 
 This propensity manifests itself dif- 
 ferently in men, according to their 
 moral and intellectual calibre, environ- 
 ment, education and culture. An edu- 
 cated, broad-minded man, for example, 
 will direct his acquiring instinctive ten- 
 dencies in a very different manner from 
 the man who possesses an equal degree 
 of power in this propensity, but has a 
 shallow, narrow, contracted, unedu- 
 cated intellect. 
 
 In the major part of the human race 
 this propensity to acquire must by the 
 very nature of its function be incessant- 
 ly combated, checked and counteracted 
 by the restraining influence of the 
 moral sentiments, and the fear of penal 
 enactments. 
 
 The sentiment of honesty and sense 
 of justice never enter the brain of the 
 fox as to whether it is right or wrong 
 to stealthily invade the farmer's barn- 
 yard to rob his hen roost, but his Cau- 
 tiousness and the fear of being discov- 
 ered and caught, and not his consci- 
 ence determine the selection of the time 
 of least possible danger for his act. 
 
 There are men who lead fairly up- 
 right lives that, so far as the influence 
 of their conscience is concerned, would 
 not hesitate to abandon themselves to 
 appropriating and purloining- whatever 
 they thought would supply their wants, 
 but for the restraining influence of a 
 fear of the law. 
 
 It is no part of the acquisitive func- 
 tion of this faculty to sit in judgment 
 and determine what is right or wrong 
 in the moral ethics of a man's daily life, 
 or the methods employed in its own 
 gratification, but to get and appropriate 
 for its own selfish purpose whatever it 
 desires to possess, wholly regardless of 
 the manner of acquisition. 
 
 The father was evidentlv actuated 
 by the strong influence of this propen- 
 sity when he said, "Mv son, eo and 
 make money; make it honestly if you 
 
 can, but make money." His consci- 
 ence was manifestly of the common, 
 commercial, elastic type; and his dis- 
 criminating judgment of the higher in- 
 tellectual and moral faculties was sub- 
 ject to the controlling influence of this 
 instinct. There possibly has never been 
 a time in the history of the human race 
 when this propensity has been more in- 
 fluential in firing the brains of men with 
 
 Fig. 43. Li Hung Chang, Large Acquisitiveness in 
 a large head 
 
 commercial enthusiasm and sordid mo- 
 tives than the present. 
 
 This organ is large in the heads of 
 great financiers. They not only have a 
 marked degree of this instinct, but they 
 have large brains which are developed 
 in the parts or centers that give power 
 pi intellect and executive ability in 
 pushing their business affairs. 
 
 Mr. Carnegie's head, Fig. 42, fur- 
 nishes a splendid illustration of the or- 
 gans of Acquisitiveness and Construc- 
 tiveness as indicated by the arrow and 
 star. His constructive and organizing 
 talent, as indicated by the marked width 
 of the head where the star is situated. 
 
36 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 give him extraordinary mechanical in- 
 genuity, and ability to construct, build 
 and organize his resources into well 
 laid plans, and thereby materialize sub- 
 stantial results. 
 
 Few men are able to control and 
 master this instinct to acquire, and keep 
 it within the strict bounds of the high- 
 est standard of honesty and integ- 
 rity. Can any man say, with his 
 
 Fig. 44. Parnell, the Irish Leader, Refined organization 
 
 Fig. 45. Harry Tracy, The Western Outlaw. 
 
 Motive Temperament, Wide Head, Determined 
 
 facial expression. Grit and Pluck are 
 
 written all over the face 
 
 The deep, broad, expansive forehead 
 in the middle and lower sections indi- 
 cates quick, ready and accurate obser- 
 vation, and a good memory of what he 
 sees and hears, and a clear, keen intui- 
 tive judgment in the analysis of facts 
 and principles, correct in opinion and 
 prompt in decision. He stands as pre- 
 eminently a financial genius as Thomas 
 A. Edison does an inventive genius. 
 Mr. Carnegie's phrenology and the his- 
 tory of his life correspond to the min- 
 utest detail with his character. Thus 
 reaffirming the most perfect test rule 
 by which Dr. Gall determined the sci- 
 ence of phrenology when he was mak- 
 ing his observations and discoveries of 
 the functions of the brain; and this 
 same test rule has been as successfully 
 applied by many close observers and 
 students of human nature to the heads 
 of hundreds and thousands of people, 
 of all races and nationalities in the 
 various walks of life, as it has been ap- 
 plied to Mr. Carnegie's head and life 
 history. 
 
 hand on his heart, that the desire 
 to acquire and possess has never 
 led him across the boundary line 
 of honesty, integrity and justice into 
 the marsh and mire of moral degener- 
 acy? For many centuries the belief 
 has been maintained that he who com- 
 mits crime after crime of the most bru- 
 tal type, is "possessed" of, and con- 
 trolled by the '"devil," who, in some 
 mysterious manner, and through some 
 mysterious avenue that leads to the in- 
 ner sanctuary of the man's mind, takes 
 absolute possession of his soul and body 
 and then and there decrees and compels 
 his victim to commit the most crim- 
 inal offenses known to human history. 
 
 Applied phrenology and physiognomy 
 to the forms of the heads, faces and 
 temperamental conditions of the crim- 
 inal class, have revealed an array of 
 indisputable facts in the hidden springs 
 of criminal character and motive, and 
 demonstrated that the belief in the mys- 
 terious operations of the "devil" in the 
 mind of the criminal is a mvth ; and 
 
ACQUISITIVENESS. 
 
 37 
 
 that his evil deeds and criminal acts are 
 attributable to the excessive develop- 
 ment and abnormal activity of his un- 
 restrained selfish propensities. 
 
 The heads and faces of Figs. 30-45 
 illustrate the extraordinary develop- 
 ment of the propensities that led these 
 men and women to criminal deeds, the 
 penitentiary and gallows. Compare 
 their heads and faces with Figs. 44-54 
 and note the striking contrast between 
 
 squirrel collect food and store it away 
 for their future wants. Many species 
 of the feathered tribe gather food and 
 store it away for future use. 
 
 Those who live all their lives in ex- 
 treme poverty and never accumulate a 
 margin for the misfortunes of sickness 
 and the helpless condition of old age, 
 and die in the poor house, are not pos- 
 sessed of strong Acquisitiveness. The 
 unequal division of wealth has given 
 
 Fig. 46. J. Priepont Morgan, A deep forehead, strong face 
 
 their forms and expressions. Phren- 
 ology not only points out the criminal 
 head and face, but the particular crimes 
 his ruling propensity leads him to com- 
 mit. 
 
 I have examined the heads of many 
 criminals and have classified and point- 
 ed out their respective offenses. This 
 propensity is found in many species of 
 the lower animals. The cat, dog and 
 
 the moral philosopher, political econom- 
 ist and statesman one of the most com- 
 plex problems that has yet appealed to 
 them for solution. Phrenology teaches 
 that it is as natural for some men to ac- 
 cumulate wealth as it is natural for a 
 musical genius to make music. The 
 man whose acquisitive instinct is weak 
 can never cope with the man in whom 
 it is large in the great struggle for 
 
88 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 financial supremacy. The wealth of the 
 human race has boon in all ages and will 
 continue to be unequally divided 
 so long as this financial instinct and 
 talent varies in its degrees of natural 
 development in the brains of men. 
 
 Heredity and environment will con- 
 tinue to differentiate talent and vary 
 the degrees of development in the size 
 and functional power of this wealth ac- 
 cumulating propensity up to the final 
 expiration of the last generation of the 
 human race. 
 
 The sociologist and politico-philo- 
 sopher who will abandon their abstract 
 and theoretical speculations and learn 
 to read the facts contained in the 
 natural history of man's physical and 
 psychic powers, where they will find the 
 requisite data from which to deduce a 
 logical cause for the unequal distribu- 
 tion of brain power as a whole, and a 
 particular brain center that gives a spe- 
 cial talent and genius to one and not 
 another, will arrive at a correct solu- 
 tion of the great problem of the un- 
 equal distribution of brain power and 
 wealth. 
 
 Fig. 47. A female delinquent. Selfish Propensities very 
 
 large. The head is low and wide. The 
 
 Moral faculties weak 
 
 SECRETIVENESS. 
 The brain center in which this pro- 
 pensity is located and through which it 
 is manifested is situated at the lower 
 edge of the parietal bones between De- 
 
 structiveness and Cautiousness. The 
 extreme width of the head at the point 
 indicated by the arrow in Fig. No. 47, 
 reveals to the observing eye an abnor- 
 mal development of this organ; the 
 propensity of which was most strongly 
 manifested by this girl whose history 
 corresponds in detail with her very low 
 and extremely wide head. 
 
 She was treacherous, cunning, de- 
 ceitful, sly, foxy, and ungovernable; 
 could not be trusted under any circum- 
 stances, and finally to add further dis- 
 grace to the sorrow and humiliation of 
 her parents ran away from home. 
 
 *-*?-' 
 
 & Jm 
 
 . SI— - 
 
 Fig. 48. Secretiveness Large. The man with an evil eye, 
 
 Head is wide through the middle section at 
 
 the point of the arrow 
 
 "For evil seemed that old man's eye, 
 Dark and designing, fierce yet shy, 
 Still he avoided forward look, 
 But slow and circumspectly took 
 A circling never-ceasing glance 
 By doubt and cunning marked at once.'' 
 
 Observe Fig. 48. 
 
 The function of this propensity is to 
 conceal thoughts, plans, restrain feel- 
 ings and impart self-governing power 
 to the active impulses of the other facul- 
 ties. When abnormally developed and 
 unrestrained by Conscientiousness it 
 manifests itself in the diversified and 
 perverted forms of deception, duplicity, 
 
SECRETIVENESS AND CAUTIOUSNESS. 
 
 39 
 
 hypocrisy, in evasive answers to ques- 
 tions, and in all kinds of dodges, do- 
 ings and clandestine maneuvres. It 
 prompts the slanderous tongue to re- 
 
 CAUTIOUSNESS. 
 
 The organ of Cautiousness is located 
 nearly in the center of the parietal 
 
 'f 
 
 it: «K 
 
 Fig. 50. Closed up. Secretiveness Large, 
 Con. Man and Sneak Thief 
 
 Fig. 49. Professional Pickpocket. An expression 
 of injured innocence 
 
 vile and defame the good name of the 
 innocent. Notorious thieves, burglars 
 and confidence men have this organ 
 large, as indicated by the arrow in the 
 heads represented in Figs. 49-50. 
 
 Shakespeare, with keen observation 
 and clear insight into the dark and 
 shady side of human nature, has por- 
 trayed this trait of character with 
 marked correctness. Iago says : 
 
 "Utter my thoughts ! Why, say they're 
 
 vile and false — 
 As where's that palace whereinto foul 
 
 things 
 Sometimes intrude not ? Who has a 
 
 breast so pure, 
 But some uncleanly apprehensions 
 Keep leets and law-days, and sessions 
 
 sit 
 With meditations lawful. " 
 
 — Othello, Act iii, Scene 5. 
 
 bones where the head rounds off on 
 each side to form the back and top 
 head. In most people the head at this 
 point is wider than any other section. 
 The width in this region of the head 
 indicates the size, strength and weak- 
 ness of this faculty. Its situation is 
 the most easily determined of any of 
 the phrenological organs on account of 
 its conspicuous location. 
 
 It belongs to that group of organs 
 which are classed as the selfish senti- 
 ments. 
 
 The function of this organ is self- 
 protection, and thus it prompts men 
 and animals to be cautious, watchful, 
 on the alert and lookout to see that con- 
 tingent evils are not obstructing the 
 way. 
 
 When abnormally developed it mani- 
 fests itself in the form of fear, solici- 
 tude, anxiety, suspicion, cowardice, 
 and foreshadows the future with pros- 
 pective evils and dangers of the most 
 frightful character. Small children in 
 whom this organ is large should never 
 be permitted to listen to the narration 
 
40 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 of ghost stories, or threatened with 
 the alarming and hideous presence of 
 the "bogie" man, a trick which is em- 
 ployed by many mothers to correct their 
 disobedient children. 
 
 There is not an organ in the brain 
 that will put the whole nervous system 
 on edge, or in a state of irritation, or 
 that will so depress the mind with dis- 
 mal gloom, and shadow the future with 
 the horrors of life as an excessive de- 
 velopment of Cautiousness, and espe- 
 cially when Hope is small. 
 
 In the manifestation of its normal 
 and legitimate function, it stands upon 
 the watch tower of the mind and safely 
 directs its possessor through the con- 
 tingent perils and dangers of life to 
 his final destination. 
 
 Fig. 51. The Most Notorious Confidence Man in the 
 
 United States. A good intellect, large 
 
 selfish propensities 
 
 APPROBATIVENESS. 
 
 This faculty is generically a selfish 
 sentiment, as indicated in its functional 
 manifestation, which is the love of 
 praise, admiration, politeness, affabil- 
 ity, display, distinction, fame, notoriety, 
 a good name and love of popularity. 
 
 When abnormally developed it mani- 
 fests itself in vanity, ceremonious dis- 
 play, pomposity, aristocratic conven- 
 tionalities, and formalities, and is most 
 susceptible to flattery. 
 
 Those who have the organs of Ap- 
 probativeness and Secretiveness large, 
 and Conscientiousness small, or mod- 
 erate, are much given to the practice of 
 deception, lying, boasting of great 
 things they never performed, and 
 praising their own abilities and accom- 
 plishments, often to the disgust of 
 others. 
 
 Burns understood the vanity mani- 
 fested by this faculty — 
 
 "O wad some Pow'r the giftie gie us! 
 To see oursels as others see us ! 
 It wad frae monie a blunder free us 
 
 And foolish notion 
 What airs in dress an' gait wad lea'e us, 
 
 And ev'n Devotion!" 
 
 There are many people like the pea- 
 cock that spreads his plumage to the 
 breezes and struts proudly and vainly 
 about to exhibit himself; they love to 
 attract attention and excite admiration. 
 
 Those in whom this sentiment of 
 vanity is strong, and the intellectual 
 faculties, Ideality, Constructiveness and 
 Order are moderate or small, often 
 make most ridiculous demonstrations 
 of their vain conception of dress and 
 manners. 
 
 The manifestation of this faculty is 
 mistaken by many people * for Self- 
 Esteem; but the two organs are very 
 much differentiated in function. Self- 
 Esteem gives that self-sufficient, self- 
 complacent and independent, don't- 
 care-what-others-think kind of feeling, 
 while Approbativeness manifests a de- 
 sire for approval and encouraging com- 
 pliments from others; hence, not self- 
 sufficient. Persons in whom Self-Esteem 
 is large anid Approbativeness small 
 never concern themselves about what 
 others think or say about them; but 
 those who have small Self-Esteem and 
 large Approbativeness are wide awake 
 to the opinions and comments of others. 
 They are very unhappy when in disfa- 
 vor , but very happy when praised and 
 admired. 
 
SELF-ESTEEM. 
 
 41 
 
 Dr. Gall draws a well defined line of 
 distinction between Pride and Vanity, 
 which are perversions of Self-Esteem 
 and Approbativeness. He says : "The 
 proud man is imbued with a sentiment 
 of his own superior merit, and from the 
 summit of his grandeur treats with con- 
 tempt or indifference all other mortals ; 
 the vain man attaches the utmost im- 
 portance to the opinions entertained of 
 him by others, and seeks with eager- 
 ness to gain their approbation. The 
 proud man expects the world to come 
 to him and acknowledge his merit; the 
 vain man knocks at every door to draw 
 attention toward him and supplicates 
 for the smallest portion of honor. The 
 proud man despises those marks of dis- 
 tinction which on the vain confer the 
 most perfect delight. The proud man 
 is disgusted by indiscreet eulogiums; 
 the vain man inhales with ecstasy the 
 incense of flattery, although profusely 
 offered, and with no very skillful 
 hand." 
 
 Mr. Combe says the "Love of Appro- 
 bation is the drill-sergeant of society, 
 and admonishes us when we depart too 
 widely from the line of march. It is 
 the butt, on which wit strikes, and 
 which enables ridicule to shame us out 
 of faults and improprieties." 
 
 The organ of Approbativeness is sit- 
 uated on each side of the organ of Self- 
 Esteem and a little upward and back- 
 ward from the organ of Cautiousness. 
 When it is large there is a very marked 
 peripheral expansion of the head at the 
 point immediately between the organs 
 of Self-Esteem and Cautiousness. It is 
 an easy organ to locate on account of 
 the prominence of the group of organs 
 of which it is a prominent member. 
 
 It was large in Roscoe Conkling's 
 head. He was both proud and vain. 
 
 SELF-ESTEEM. 
 
 This organ is situated immediately 
 above the sagital angle of the parietal 
 bones in the crown of the head, which 
 is illustrated in Fig. 52. The 
 distance from the opening of the ear to 
 
 the crown of the head determines the 
 size of this organ. 
 
 The function of this organ is the 
 manifestation of personal independence, 
 self-reliance, dignity, self-respect, self- 
 complacency, pride, love of freedom, 
 self-aspiring and self-governing in- 
 stinct. 
 
 Fig. 52. Self-Esteem and Firmness, both organs large 
 
 The abnormal manifestation of this 
 faculty is superciliousness, egotism, 
 boldness, tyranny, haughtiness, disdain 
 and an imperious dogmatic disposition. 
 A normal development of this self-in- 
 spiring instinct is a most essential ele- 
 ment in the human mind, and especi- 
 ally in a character where the possibili- 
 ties of the intellectual powers are very 
 great. I have examined the heads of 
 many persons in whom 1 found the or- 
 gan of Self-Esteem very large, and in 
 every instance discovered a superabund- 
 ance of conclusive evidence of its ab- 
 normal manifestation. I have never 
 found, however, a person who thought 
 or would admit that he had too much 
 Self-Esteem. There is not a faculty in 
 the human mind that when large will so 
 completely blind a person to his own 
 defects of character and faults as the 
 abnormal development of this selfish 
 instinct. 
 
 Self-Esteem is large in both the Eng- 
 lish and American people, and also in 
 the North American Indians. The great 
 strength of this faculty of self-reliance 
 precluded all possibility of the white 
 race subjecting the North American 
 Aborigines to slavery. The Negro, 
 
49 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 who so easily and readily submitted to 
 the rule of authority in slavery, repre- 
 sents a very different combination of 
 faculties. He possesses large Approba- 
 tiveness, Mirthfulness and Agreeable- 
 ness. and generally a normal develop- 
 ment of the organ of Destructiveness, 
 and a pliable temperament. 
 
 The Indian possesses large Self-Es- 
 teem. Firmness, Destructiveness, Secre- 
 tiveness, and a firm, wiry temperament ; 
 hence, he was born to rule and not to 
 be ruled. 
 
 Great leaders are, and should be, pos- 
 sessed of a strong development of this 
 ruling instinct. 
 
 Self-Esteem often restrains men 
 from forming improper social relations 
 and elevates them to a higher standard 
 of social environment. Children who 
 have large Self-Esteem are often pettish, 
 willful, and hard to please. Adults are 
 not always free from the ugly, dis- 
 agreeable phase of this faculty. 
 
 Mr. Combe says of the man in whom 
 Self-Esteem is large : "The man of in- 
 ordinate Self-Esteem is a world unto 
 himself, to which all things must con- 
 centrate; a standard to which the man- 
 ners, morals and opinions of others 
 ought, he thinks, to conform. This feel- 
 ing in predominance is, to a great ex- 
 tent, the foundation of that intolerant 
 zeal so frequently manifested by pro- 
 fessing Christians on behalf of their 
 sectarian views." 
 
 Cowper says: "There is no grace 
 that the spirit of self can counterfeit 
 with more success than a religious 
 zeal." 
 
 FIRMNESS. 
 
 This organ is situated at the posterior 
 top head on the median line, immedi- 
 ately above Self-Esteem and back of 
 Veneration. A line drawn from the 
 opening of the ear upward and slightly 
 backward to the top head, will give the 
 location of Firmness. It is one of the 
 easiest organs in the top head to locate. 
 The perpendicular line in Fig. 52 points 
 
 to the location of this organ. This or- 
 gan manifests no direct psychic relation 
 to external objects; but. its processes 
 and influence are directly connected 
 with the other faculties, and give sus- 
 taining power to them ; thus, when op- 
 erating in combination with Veneration 
 it produces a determined, persistent, re- 
 ligious zeal in those who are strongly 
 possessed of these two organs; with 
 Combativeness it produces determined 
 bravery, and, when operating with Con- 
 scientiousness, unyielding, inflexible in- 
 tegrity. 
 
 The psychological process and influ- 
 ence of this faculty are limited to the 
 other faculties and terminate in the 
 mind itself. Large Firmness and Self- 
 Esteem produce strong will power and 
 persistent determination. 
 
 The organs of Firmness, Self-esteem, 
 Combativeness and Destructiveness 
 manifest in their combined functional 
 operation the power of the will; the 
 force and propelling influence which is 
 injected into the functional powers of 
 the other faculties ; it is that quality of 
 the mind which has been treated so ex- 
 tensively by both the old and the new 
 school psychologists. 
 
 The doctrine of the will as treated by 
 the old school psychologists has prac- 
 tically been abandoned, and is now sup- 
 planted by the new, which is clearly set 
 forth in the following extract from 
 "The Riddle of the Universe," by Pro- 
 fessor Haeckel, who is one of the great- 
 est exponents of modern physio-psy- 
 chology, as based upon the doctrine of 
 brain and psychic evolution : 
 
 "We now know that each act of the 
 will is as fatally determined by the or- 
 ganization of the individual and as de- 
 pendent on the momentary condition of 
 his environment as every other psychic 
 activity. The character of the inclina- 
 tion was determined long ago by hered- 
 ity from parents and ancestors ; the de- 
 termination to each particular act is an 
 instance of adaptation to the circum- 
 stances of the moment wherein the 
 strongest motive prevails, according to 
 the laws which govern the statics of 
 emotion. Ontogeny teaches us to un- 
 
FIRMNESS AND CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 
 
 43 
 
 derstand the evolution of the will in the 
 individual child. Philogeny reveals to 
 us the historical development of the will 
 within the ranks of our vertebrate an- 
 cestors." 
 
 Professor Haeckel's analysis of the 
 will is the most scientific and logical 
 that has been given by the psychologists 
 of either the old or new schools. But 
 he did not tell us where the organs that 
 determine the power and strength of 
 
 I have examined the heads of many 
 persons in whom I found the organs of 
 Firmness, Self-Esteem, Combativeness 
 and Destructiveness large, and in every 
 instance I found a corresponding de- 
 gree of will power an invariable con- 
 comitant to this group of organs in 
 the brain. And when I found them 
 small or moderately developed in the 
 head, the invariable concomitant was 
 a corresponding degree of will power. 
 
 Fig. 53. Theodore Roosevelt. Conscientiousness and Firmness Large 
 
 the will are situated in the brain, or 
 why one person manifests this quality 
 of mind to a greater degree under the 
 same or similar circumstances than an- 
 other person. Phrenology points out 
 with unerring certainty the combination 
 of organs in the brain that determines 
 the functional power of the will. 
 
 If Professors Haeckel, Romains and 
 other advanced scientific investigators 
 had availed themselves of Dr. Gall's 
 treatment of the functions of the brain 
 they would not be scrambling in the 
 shadows of what they conceive to be 
 more or less a mystery connected with 
 the functions of the brain. They would 
 
44 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 have learned that the organs of the 
 brain and their functions had been dis- 
 covered and located. 
 
 CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 
 
 This organ is situated between the 
 organs of Firmness and Cautiousness 
 in the posterior section of the coronal 
 region of the head. 
 
 The function of this organ is the 
 manifestation of honesty, integrity, love 
 of truth, moral excellence, regard 
 for duty and obligation; the Monitor 
 of Justice and Equity. It is not a 
 part of the functional process of this 
 faculty to discriminate and de- 
 termine what is right or wrong, 
 but it injects an influence into 
 the intellectual faculties to discrim- 
 inate between right and wrong by trac- 
 ing out the relation of cause and effect, 
 premises and results, and consequent 
 bearing upon their connection with the 
 conduct of man and his moral relation 
 to his fellow man, and all other objects 
 by which he is surrounded. When the 
 intellectual faculties deduce from given 
 data a conclusion that leads to a certain 
 course of action or course of conduct, 
 the result of which is just and right, 
 Conscientiousness is not only im- 
 pressed with a most happy, contented, 
 and gratified feeling, but all the facul- 
 ties concerned in the process of form- 
 ing the conclusion that produced the 
 good result. On the other hand, where 
 the intellectual faculties are not strong, 
 or the deductions that are drawn from 
 incorrect premises lead to evil results, 
 the guilt of an abused conscience pro- 
 duces an unhappy condition of the 
 psychic faculties that formed the con- 
 clusions that led to evil results. There- 
 fore the cause is plain and the reason is 
 clear why men honestly commit great 
 wrongs when their intentions are to do 
 right; they err in Judgment and not in 
 Conscience. 
 
 The reciprocal influence that oper- 
 ates between the faculty of Conscienti- 
 
 ousness and other faculties is greatly 
 differentiated and in many instances 
 strongly accentuated. The organ of 
 this sentiment of justice, honesty and 
 integrity must necessarily be large and 
 strong in function and influence to hold 
 a person within the strictest limits of 
 honesty, honor and integrity, against 
 the influence of the animal propensities 
 that are strongly developed in the aver- 
 age head. 
 
 This faculty is the most important of 
 any of the moral or intellectual facul- 
 ties. A man may be possessed of large 
 organs of Benevolence and Veneration, 
 but if Conscientiousness is small his 
 benevolent deeds and religious devo- 
 tions are most liable to be brought into 
 disrepute through the manifestation of 
 dishonesty in some form or other. Per- 
 son in whom both Conscientiousness 
 and Acquisitiveness are large will mani- 
 fest a grasping, close-fisted disposition, 
 at the same time they will be honest in 
 their dealings ; they will give full meas- 
 ure but nothing over; the scales must 
 balance to a pennyweight. If Acquisi- 
 tiveness is moderate or average and 
 Benevolence large the beam in the 
 scales will tip in favor of the customer ; 
 on the other hand, if Benevolence is 
 moderate or small and Conscientious- 
 ness full or average, and Acquisitive- 
 ness large, the beam tips in their own 
 favor. 
 
 Persons who possess large Con- 
 scientiousness, Approbativeness, Cau- 
 tiousness and Self-Esteem, attach great 
 importance to their own character, 
 good name and word, which they re- 
 gard as sacred, and must pass without 
 question. They are the soul of honor. 
 I have examined the heads of many 
 criminals in whom this organ was in- 
 variably small or moderate, and the 
 strong influence of their predominating 
 propensities determined their ill-fated 
 mental condition. The criminal classes 
 will never receive the proper treatment, 
 training and culture from the hands 
 of the public until legislators and the 
 proper public officials learn and 
 come to know the innate causes and mo- 
 tives that lead them to commit criminal 
 
THE FACULTY OF HOPE. 
 
 45 
 
 offenses and enact laws appropriate to 
 the proper treatment of the criminal 
 classes. 
 
 The child that has inherited a large 
 organ of Conscientiousness from an 
 honest ancestry is most fortunate, and 
 the child that inherits bat a small por- 
 tion of this organ is most unfortunate 
 and is to be pitied and not censured for 
 his proneness to evil doing. 
 
 The organs of Conscientiousness and 
 Firmness are both large in President 
 Theodore Roosevelt's head (Fig. 53). 
 as indicated in the arrows 1 and 2. His 
 head is well rounded out in the crown 
 where Self-Esteem is located. He has 
 a strong moral group of organs which 
 govern the strong animal instincts 
 that give marked width through the 
 base of the brain, just above the ears, 
 where Destructiveness and Combative- 
 ness are situated. He has decided abil- 
 ity and strength of character portrayed 
 in thi.t well rounded, broad, tall head. 
 
 Solomon says: "All the ways of 
 man are clean in his own eyes, but the 
 Lord weigheth the spirits." 
 
 HOPE. 
 
 This organ is located immediately in 
 front of the organ of Conscientiousness 
 and on each side of Veneration. 
 
 Hope is the faculty that injects faith 
 and great expectation into the desires 
 of the other faculties, and leads to the 
 belief in the attainment of whatever 
 they desire. Thus, a person in whom 
 large Hope is combined with large Ac- 
 quisitiveness, naturally expects to be- 
 come rich; if Approbativeness is also 
 large, expects to become a power in af- 
 fluence and influence; if Self-Esteem is 
 also large the possibilities of becoming 
 rich are estimated as more than proba- 
 ble, if the constructive talent is strong, 
 expects to revolutionize the world with 
 great inventions. 
 
 It has been maintained by some psy- 
 chologists that Hope is an active ele- 
 ment in the desire of every fundamental 
 psychic activity of the mind, and is not 
 a primitive faculty. This position is as 
 
 erroneous as it is illogical. A dying 
 person may have a desire to live when 
 all hope of living has disappeared; a 
 young man may have a strong desire to 
 wed the object of his love after she has 
 declined his proposal, and all hopes and 
 contemplated joys have utterly fled. 
 The criminal on the scaffold may de- 
 sire to live when the last star of hope 
 has faded away. 
 
 Fig. 54. Jas. C. Tory. Hope Large, Mental Motive 
 Temperament, A keen perceptive intuition 
 
 Hope is the sunshine of the human 
 mind; it dispels the gloom and shad- 
 ows of disappointment. Hope is the 
 faculty that encourages man in the pur- 
 suit of happiness, and leads him to be- 
 lieve in the possibilities of the future. 
 If the organs of Veneration and Spirit- 
 uality (or Wonder, as it is called by 
 Mr. Combe), are large in a person, they 
 lead to a strong belief in immortality, 
 future rewards and punishments, re- 
 ligion, sacred and divine institutions. 
 Those in whom Hope and Spirituality 
 are large, are given to exaggeration, 
 often at the expense of the truth. Hope 
 is generally large in those who possess 
 a marked development of the vital tem- 
 perament. Those who possess large 
 
46 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 Hope. Friendship. Approbativeness and 
 Mirthfulness are generally the life and 
 entertainers of the social circule in 
 which thev move. 
 
 SPIRITUALITY, OR WONDER. 
 
 This organ is situated in front of 
 Hope and back of Imitation and be- 
 tween Veneration and Ideality. 
 
 which is the manifestation of this vis- 
 ionary psychic power that enables them 
 to see, or be impressed with, the pres- 
 ence of images supposed to be from the 
 invisible realm. After a series of care- 
 ful observations and experiments by 
 comparison of organ and its functional 
 manifestation, he determined its loca- 
 tion and psychic power. 
 
 I have observed in the heads of per- 
 sons who are superstitious, credulous 
 
 
 Fig. 55. Pope Leo XIII. 
 
 Spirituality and Veneration large, strong Mental Temperament. 
 A good face 
 
 Dr. Gall when making his observa- 
 tions upon the functions of the brain, 
 observed that many men possessed of 
 good intellect believed in ghosts and 
 visions, and that they were visited by 
 the spirits of the dead, and persons that 
 were absent ; and he inquired : "Are 
 they imposters or fools?' or is there 
 an organ in the brain the function of 
 
 and ready to believe and accept imagin- 
 ary or circumstantial evidence on faith 
 that this organ was large, and in man\ 
 of them it was very large. I have vis- 
 ited many Spiritualistic meetings and 
 seances, and observed in the heads of 
 those who* exhibited evidence of sin- 
 cerity in their cult, and they were gen- 
 erally the dupes of fakirs who professed 
 
SPIRITUALITY, OR WONDER. 
 
 47 
 
 clairvoyant power, that this organ of 
 Wonder was large without a single ex- 
 ception. Those who sincerely believe 
 in miracles, visions, dreams, Spiritual- 
 ism, in mental and miraculous healing, 
 possess this vapory, visionary faculty to 
 a strong degree. 
 
 observed in the head of this clergyman 
 that the organ of Spirituality which he 
 so strongly evinced in this conversation 
 was very large. 
 
 This faculty relates to the future, 
 new and unknown ; it stimulates the ad- 
 venturer in his wanderings; it fills the 
 
 Fig. 56. Frances Willard. Large Veneration. A well balanced head and fine temperament 
 
 I have met many clergymen who be- 
 lieved they were called Dy some invisi- 
 ble spirit to preach the gospel of Jesus 
 Christ. I met a clergyman in one of the 
 Western States in 1878; and in the 
 course of our conversation he informed 
 me that he did not believe in a scholas- 
 tic or theological seminary education 
 for a clergyman; he assigned as a rea- 
 son : "That every word would be given 
 him by the power of the Holy Ghost 
 in the self- same hour for him to deliver 
 to his congregation." He continued by 
 citing Christ as an example of one who 
 had never had the advantages of a 
 scholastic or theological education. I 
 
 imagination with every variety of pos- 
 sibilities; it is the magnifying glass of 
 the human mind, and the mother of 
 Superstition and visionary ideas. 
 This organ is large in Figs. 55-58. 
 
 VENERATION. 
 
 This organ is situated in the middle 
 of the top head in front of Firmness 
 and back of Benevolence at the fonta- 
 nel, as indicated by the point of the 
 arrow in the top head of the portrait 
 of Miss Frances Willard. Her head at 
 this point represents a large develop- 
 ment of the orean of Veneration. It is 
 
4S 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 also large in the head of Fig\ 58, as rep- 
 resented in the prominent peripheral ex- 
 pansion at the center of the top head. 
 Observe the development of the head 
 at the point of the arrow in the portrait 
 of Mr. R. B. Loomis (Fig-. 57), which 
 indicates strong" religions tendencies. 
 
 . 
 
 Fig. 57. Mr. Robert B. Loomis. Veneration large 
 
 and great reverence for sacred and re- 
 ligious institutions. The function of 
 this organ is the manifestation of rever- 
 ence in general, and adoration in divine 
 worship. Young persons in whom 
 Veneration is large, manifest marked 
 obedience and respect for parents and 
 old persons, and are courteous and re- 
 spectful to those in authority. This fac- 
 ulty is not strongly manifested in the 
 average American child. There is a 
 striking contrast in the development of 
 this organ in the average American, 
 and the development of it in the aver- 
 age Chinese or Japanese head. It is a 
 well known fact in the history of the 
 Mongolian races that the manifestation 
 of reverence and respect for superiors 
 and age is one of their chief characteris- 
 tics. Pope Leg's head mounts high 
 from base to top, which indicates very 
 large Veneration and Spirituality. 
 Hence, it was as natural for him to be 
 
 imbued and impressed with the spirit 
 of reverence, piety and zealous religious 
 devotions in his youth, as it was for the 
 criminals represented in Figs. 47, 48, 
 49 and 50, to be impressed with crim- 
 inal motives, and the practice of crim- 
 inal deeds. Observe the striking con- 
 trast in their heads and facial expres- 
 sions, and trace the equally striking 
 contrast in the history of their lives, 
 which are as widely differentiated as 
 are the forms of their heads, and fea- 
 tures of their faces, and the grades of 
 their temperamental conditions. Some 
 persons are naturally strong in moral 
 and religious sentiment, and deserve no 
 more credit for their moral and relig- 
 ious practice than they do for the erect, 
 position which their bodily structure 
 compels them to take when walking. 
 The law of heredity predisposes the 
 natural tendencies of some persons to 
 morality and religion; and others to 
 vice and crime. 
 
 Fig. 58. Veneration very large 
 
 Persons with strong reverence are 
 not very progressive; they are slow to 
 take up new thought or entertain new 
 ideas; they cling to the old, even 
 though the new is superior, until they 
 are found in the rear in the line of the 
 march of progress. 
 
 The races of people in whom Ven- 
 eration is largely developed progress 
 slowly. What is true in the history of 
 this faculty in the individual, is true in 
 the race he represents. 
 
VENERATION. 
 
 49 
 
 The faculty of Veneration which is 
 one of the ruling sentiments of the 
 Mongolian races, has marked their na- 
 tural, religious, political and commer- 
 cial history by zealously revering the 
 ancient precepts, customs, traditions, 
 habits and manner of living ; the princi- 
 ples of which were established and 
 taught in their early history, and so 
 
 Veneration, like other organs of the 
 brain, is liable to abnormal develop- 
 ment and activity. I examined the 
 head of a doctor who was a patient at 
 the Western Asylum at Hopkinsville. 
 Ky., some years ago, through the soli- 
 citation of the doctor who was the su- 
 perintendent of the institution. He did 
 not give me the mental aberration with 
 which the patient was afflicted before 
 
 Fig. 59. Rev. Augustus H. Strong, D. D. LL. D. Benevolence, Veneration large, 
 a splendid intellect, large language 
 
 thoroughly inculcated into the mind of 
 each succeeding generation, by their an- 
 cestors, that the faculty of Veneration 
 with its concomitants, has become phy- 
 sio-psychologicaily hereditary; thus, a 
 race characteristic which determined 
 their tardy, conservative tendencies in 
 the line of material progress; hence, a 
 less brilliant history than they would 
 have made if they had not been so 
 strongly imbued with a reverence for 
 their ancestral traditions; this is more 
 particularly accentuated in the history 
 of the Chinese race than the Japanese. 
 
 making the examination. The first 
 marked development that attracted my 
 attention in the patient's head was the 
 extraordinary development of the or- 
 gan of Veneration, which I found to be 
 the largest organ in his head ; to which 
 I drew the doctor's attention. I de- 
 scribed the abnormal development of 
 the organ and the aberration of its func- 
 tion upon religion. The doctor at once 
 confirmed my observation, and re- 
 marked, "I think your description of 
 the patient most remarkable." 
 
50 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 1 have never examined a religious 
 enthusiast but what I found this organ 
 targe, or very large. 
 
 It is not in the function of the innate 
 psychic sentiment of Reverence to de- 
 termine the object to be adored or ven- 
 erated. The functional desire and in- 
 fluence of the faculty of Veneration is 
 injected into the intellectual faculties 
 which determine the object of rever- 
 ence and adoration. 
 
 The intellectual powers may select as 
 an object of worship a Golden Image, 
 the Sun, a Star, the Moon, or the un- 
 known power that permeates the very, 
 substratum of the universe, which 
 many of the higher civilized races call 
 "God," the personality of whom they 
 believe themselves to be representatives 
 in image. The ideal "God" seems to 
 rise in the scale of perfection with the 
 development of the intellectual facul- 
 ties, and not by the development of the 
 distinct primary psvchic faculty of Ven- 
 eration alone. 
 
 it is large it gives a full round arched 
 appearance to the forehead, just over 
 the organ of human nature. When it 
 is moderate or small the forehead re- 
 cedes from the brow or perceptive or- 
 gans back to the center of the top head 
 where Veneration is situated, thus giv- 
 ing a flat appearance at this point, as 
 illustrated in Fig. 60. Observe the 
 large development of this organ in the 
 head of Dr. Strong, Fig 59, in com- 
 parison with the low, retreating head 
 of the sneak thief. 
 
 The function of this organ is the 
 manifestation of a generous, kind- 
 hearted, benevolent, sympathetic, ac- 
 commodating, neighborly and love-to- 
 make-happy spirit. This feeling of 
 benevolence softens and mellows a 
 man's disposition, and imbues him with 
 good nature ; and if Veneration is large 
 and Self-Esteem is only moderate, he is 
 naturally meek, humble and very re- 
 spectful toward superiors. 
 
 Fig. 61. Sneak Thief, A bad man with a bad eye 
 
 Fig. 60. Sneak Thief. Side view. Benevolence small 
 
 BENEVOLENCE. 
 
 This organ is located on the median 
 line at the anterior top head immedi- 
 ately in front of the fontanel. When 
 
 This faculty or sentiment differs 
 widely, both in young and old people; 
 some are very egotistical and selfish 
 and think only of themselves ; others 
 excel in kindness, goodness and in dis- 
 pensing charity, and devote their lives 
 
CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 
 
 51 
 
 to the relief of the poor, afflicted and 
 helpless. There are whole races of peo- 
 ple who are amiable, peaceful and good 
 natured, and not pugnacious; while 
 others are combative, destructive, war- 
 like and cruel. Some dogs in some 
 species are mild and good natured, and 
 others are bad tempered, fierce and 
 vicious. 
 
 This benevolent faculty deals gener- 
 ously with the poor, and dispenses 
 mercy and leniency to the culprits in the 
 prisoner's dock. It is the feeling that 
 led to the great command, "Love thy 
 neighbor as thyself," and, "Do unto 
 others as you would have them do to 
 you." It loosens the purse strings and 
 makes a willing and cheerful giver. It 
 is the sentiment that melts the heart of 
 the philanthropist, and gives him a full 
 appreciation of the needs of the poor, 
 and prompts him to do them deeds of 
 charity. 
 
 CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 
 
 This organ is located under the su- 
 ture that unites the frontal, parietal and 
 sphenoidal bones, and anteriorly to 
 the organ of Acquisitiveness, and pos- 
 teriorly to the organ of Tune. 
 
 The exact size of this organ in some 
 heads is more difficult to determine than 
 in others. Its appearance varies, ac- 
 cording to the width of the head, and 
 the size of the zygomatic process. If 
 the head is tall and comparatively nai- 
 row at the base the upper section of the 
 organ will show a larger development 
 than the section nearer the basilar re- 
 gion. The upper part of the organ, 
 which lies adjacent and inferior to the 
 organ of Ideality, is strongly il- 
 lustrated in the head of Thomas A. 
 Edison, the inventor (Fig. 62). At the 
 point of the arrow, it manifests inven- 
 tive talent. When the organ is more 
 prominently developed at the inferior 
 region near the basilar section of the 
 brain, as illustrated in the width of Mr. 
 Carnegie's head (Fig. 42), at the point 
 indicated by the star , it is more practi- 
 cal than inventive; it is also strongly 
 represented in the portrait of Fig. 40. 
 
 who sustains the reputation of being 
 one of the most expert safe crackers 
 in the country. The width of the head 
 at the point where this organ is situated 
 is very wide, and corresponds with his 
 skill and dexterity in the use of burg- 
 lar's tools. The function of the organ 
 of Constructiveness is to construct, in- 
 vent, make and build up parts into one 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 r- 
 
 
 wfm 
 
 1i 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 o : ?\ 
 
 
 HHHBu 
 
 v " 
 
 Fig. 62. Thomas A. Edison, Inventor. Constructivencs 
 and Causality large 
 
 structural whole. The primitive mani- 
 festation of this mechanical faculty was 
 one of the first evolutionary evidences 
 of a coming civilization ; it is the pion- 
 eer faculty that has elevated man to the 
 pinnacle of mental superiority over 
 every species of brain and psychic de- 
 velopment. 
 
 The application of this psychic fac- 
 ulty to the principles of mechanics made 
 possible the availability of nature's il- 
 limitable resources by converting her 
 
52 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE 
 
 material and energies into almost an 
 infinite variety of utilities that have fa- 
 cilitated the evolutionary process of the 
 higher intellectual and moral faculties 
 of man. The Original products of this 
 constructive faculty laid the foundation 
 of trade, traffic and commerce ; hence, 
 
 any of the intellectual or semi-intellec- 
 tual faculties. The infinite resources 
 and possibilities of nature and the in- 
 ventive psychic power of the human 
 brain prophesy marvelous inventions 
 which will facilitate the evolution of 
 man's knowledge, wisdom and happi- 
 ness. 
 
 Fig. 63. Richard Wagner. Very large Tune, Time, Ideality and Sublimity. Musician, Composer, 
 Poet, a Genius. A Magnificent Head and Face 
 
 with the increase of its inventive power 
 proportionately increases and compli- 
 cates commercial transactions. 
 
 This faculty supplies material for 
 man's needs and wants, and facilitates 
 his Acquisitive instinct in the accumu- 
 lation of wealth. The history of the 
 operation and influence of the faculty 
 of Constructiveness upon the civilized 
 races, from the first stone hammer to 
 the highest form of the twentieth cen- 
 tury invention, is the most brilliant of 
 
 IDEALITY. 
 
 The organ of Ideality is situated in 
 the superior side head above the tem- 
 ples, along the temporal ridge of the 
 frontal bone, immediately in front of 
 the organ of Sublimity, and laterally 
 from the organ of Mirthfulness. 
 
 The function of Ideality is to exalt 
 the other faculties and tinge them with 
 
IDEALITY AND SUBLIMITY. 
 
 53 
 
 a love and appreciation of the beautiful 
 and exquisite enthusiasm and exulta- 
 tion, which fires the mind with rapture 
 and poetic imagination. Those in 
 whom the Mental Temperament pre- 
 vails generally possess large Ideality ; 
 hence, a strong manifestation of this 
 sentiment in the arts, poetry, music, 
 oratory, and the beauties of nature. 
 
 composition. Observe the extraordin- 
 ary development of this combination of 
 organs as represented in the portrait of 
 Richard Wagner (Fig. 6$). 
 
 On the other hand, if the organ of 
 Ideality is small and Tune and Time 
 are large, and the temperament is 
 coarse, he will manifest an apprecia- 
 tion for a low grade of music. 
 
 Fig. 64. William Jennings Bryan, Large Ideality and Sublimity. Power, Force and Determination 
 are written all over the head and face. Large Language, a Natural Orator 
 
 It makes a man aspire to higher 
 ideals and perfection. It gives to lan- 
 guage elegance of fascinating beauty in 
 conversation, in oratory, prose, or 
 poetry. The person who possesses a 
 fine, highly organized temperament in 
 connection with large Ideality, Tune, 
 and Time, appreciates and enjoys ex- 
 quisitely the finer quality of sweet clas- 
 sical music; and if Construed veness, 
 Causality and Comparison are also 
 large, possesses the talent for musical 
 
 Ideality is a strong element in good 
 taste, refined, courtly and polished man- 
 ners. The French possess a marked de- 
 velopment of the organs of Ideality, 
 Sublimity, Wonder and Approbative- 
 ness; hence, they are the leaders in the 
 fashions of the world. They are im- 
 bued with exquisite artistic taste in 
 dress, style and fashion. 
 
 The size, degree of activity and cul- 
 ture of this faculty determines the taste 
 and appreciation for poetry in a person. 
 
54 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 Those who possess large Ideality, 
 Form, Color and Constructiveness are 
 gifted with talent for painting. 
 
 Orators possess large Ideality, Sub- 
 limity, Comparison and Language, and 
 often in connection with a strongly 
 marked Vital Temperament. 
 
 Beecher, Ingersoll, Conkling, and 
 Bryan illustrate this combination of or- 
 gans and their emotional influence in 
 the eloquence of oratory. 
 
 Ideality and Sublimity give scope to 
 the imaginations, and sometimes a vap- 
 ory fancy to theories and opinions. 
 
 The function of the organ of Sub- 
 limity gives an appreciation and admir- 
 ation for the sublime, illimitable, vast, 
 stupendous, boundless, terrific, wild and 
 romantic. The abnormal manifestation 
 of this faculty is the extravagant use of 
 adjectives, words, and the exaggeration 
 of ideas and opinions. This organ is 
 from full to very large in great orators. 
 Beecher, Ingersoll, Conkling and Bryan 
 are splendid illustrative examples. . 
 
 A person in whom Sublimity, Cau- 
 tiousness, Veneration, Hope, and Won- 
 der are large and combined with an ac- 
 
 Fig. 65. Czar of Russia. A refined face 
 
 SUBLIMITY. 
 
 This organ is situated immediately 
 behind Ideality and in front of the or- 
 gan of Cautiousness, and just above the 
 organ of Acquisitiveness. The organ 
 of Sublimity is large in the heads of 
 E. Burton Holmes (Fig. 28), Roscoe 
 Conkling (Fig. 75), and Richard Wag- 
 ner (Fig. 63). 
 
 tive, excitable temperament, contem- 
 plates and lives on the hopes of the in- 
 finite and eternal future of immortality 
 more than he does in the present mode 
 of existence. He generally magnifies 
 prospects until they are out of all pro- 
 portion to a possibility, or a realization. 
 His ideas, opinions and reasonings are 
 vapory and full of superstition. 
 
 This faculty is most essential to the 
 landscape painter. It fills him with rap- 
 turous appreciation of the grandeur and 
 beauty of mountain scenery and views 
 of hill and dale. 
 
IMITATION. 
 
 56 
 
 The person in whom the faculties of 
 Sublimity, Ideality and Locality are 
 strongly developed enjoys traveling 
 through mountainous countries where 
 the scenery of the mountains, gorges, 
 and the wild, dashing cataract excites 
 and enthuses his admiration. 
 
 A person possessed of large Sublim- 
 ity and Destructiveness contemplates 
 the rising black clouds and their light- 
 ning flashes, storms and destructive 
 fires with great awe and admiration. 
 This sentiment inspires the other facul- 
 ties with a higher appreciation of the 
 illimitable in space, the starry canopy of 
 the heavens, and the infinitude of the 
 operations of nature, and the stupend- 
 ous universe as a whole. 
 
 IMITATION. 
 
 This organ is situated in the superior- 
 anterior region of the head, immediately 
 on each side of the organ of Veneration, 
 and gives a full, round appearance to 
 this section of the head. 
 
 The function of this organ is the 
 manifestation of imitative talent, ability 
 to mimic, copy and reproduce appear- 
 ance. This faculty becomes active in 
 children very early in life, who learn 
 things by imitation; hence, it has led 
 many philosophers to erroneously main- 
 tain that this is the primary and only 
 means of acquiring every kind of 
 knowledge. 
 
 This faculty is most essential in ac- 
 tors, dramatic authors and critics. It 
 gives the talent for imitating the voice 
 and gestures of men and animals, and 
 personating character. It is essential to 
 the painter, engraver and sculptor. 
 Those who possess a large development 
 of this faculty easily acquire the accent 
 of foreign languages. 
 
 Those who possess large Imitation 
 and Constructiveness, manifest marked 
 aptitude in acquiring a knowledge of 
 mechanics. Those who possess large 
 
 organs of Imitation, Individuality, 
 Eventuality, Comparison, Human Na- 
 ture, Mirthfulness and Secretiveness, 
 can make fine speakers, splendid enter- 
 tainers, and good story tellers. With 
 large Friendship and Approbativeness, 
 delight in being leaders in the social cir- 
 cle and sport-making good fellows. 
 
 In order that the faculty of Imita- 
 tion may be effective in the manifesta- 
 tion of its functional power, the other 
 faculties must be adequately developed. 
 An actor who is deficient in Mirthful- 
 ness can not imitate the late comedian, 
 Sol Smith Russell, however strong his 
 power of imitation ; and one deficient in 
 Tune could not imitate a Wagner, or a 
 Patti, however great the faculty of Imi- 
 tation; and one deficient in Construc- 
 tiveness and Form could not succeed as 
 a sculptor, or a painter, however great 
 his faculty of Imitation may be de- 
 veloped. 
 
 The portrait of Mr. Russell that rep- 
 resents the front view of his face on 
 the following page indicates large imi- 
 tation at the point of the arrow. The 
 portrait that represents the profile 
 indicates large Human Nature, 
 the organ of which is located at the 
 point of the arrow. The marked mani- 
 festation of the faculty of Imitation is 
 beautifully and strongly illustrated in 
 the four accompanying portraits which 
 represent the characters in which he dis- 
 tinguished himself as one of the most 
 brilliant, entertaining and popular higH 
 class comedians that ever stepped be- 
 fore the footlights on an American 
 stage. 
 
 The faculty of Human Nature is 
 most essential to a versatile actor; it 
 enables him to intuitively read charac- 
 ter, while the faculty of Imitation gives 
 him the power to reproduce and per- 
 sonate the peculiar characteristics as he 
 sees them manifested by others. The 
 faculties of Self-Esteem and Secretive- 
 ness are essential to the actor. Self- 
 Esteem gives him confidence in his 
 ability to assume and delineate charac- 
 ter, while Secretiveness gives him con- 
 trol over his feelings. 
 

MIRTHFULNESS. 
 
 57 
 
 MIRTHFULNESS. 
 This organ is situated immediately 
 back from Causality, and in front of 
 Ideality, and on a vertical line directly 
 over the corners of the eyes where the 
 forehead rounds off to form the top 
 and upper side head; the width of 
 the upper forehead indicates the size 
 of this organ, and its power of mani- 
 festation. The organ of Mirthfulness 
 is large in the head of Marshall P. 
 
 The function of the organ of Mirth- 
 fulness is the manifestation of wit, hu- 
 mor, fun and merry-making ability ; 
 when large it gives a keen intuitive 
 perception of absurd and ridiculous 
 situations and incongruities in the con- 
 duct of men and animals. Wit quickly 
 perceives, comprehends and keenly 
 appreciates the sudden termination of 
 unexpected acts. It is the philosophi- 
 cal flashlight of the mind that exposes 
 
 Merrily yours, 
 Fig. 72. Marshall P. Wilder. Humorist. Mirthfulness large 
 
 Wilder, the humorist, whose sparkling 
 wit and humor have convulsed with 
 laughter the theater-goers, both in this 
 country and on the continent of 
 Europe, for many years. He has a 
 large head, which is splendidly repre- 
 sented in the portrait of Fig. 72, and a 
 most active Mental Temperament, with 
 a strong infusion of the Bilious Tem- 
 perament. 
 
 the relation of cause and effect in the 
 absurd, incongruous and ridiculous. 
 One who possesses large Mirthfulness 
 and Destructiveness, delights in the use 
 of sarcasm and satire. Voltaire knew 
 the value of satire and invective. The 
 late Col. Robert G. Ingersoll possessed 
 large Mirthfulness, Comparison, Self- 
 Esteem, Combativeness and full De- 
 structiveness, and a magnificent intel- 
 
oS 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 loct ; hence this combination of mental 
 faculties gave him the powers of com- 
 parison, criticism, ridicule and repartee 
 in a marked degree, which he employed 
 in his writings and lectures with great 
 and effective force against the differ- 
 entiated creeds and dogmas of the 
 Christian religion. The organs of 
 Mirthfulness and Causality were large 
 in the massive forehead of Benjamin 
 Franklin, which he manifested in a 
 strong degree. Mark Twain's head is 
 wide at the point where this faculty is 
 situated. His humor is rich and droll. 
 The late Bill Nye possessed a strong 
 development of this faculty. His Se- 
 cretiveness wias large, which tinged his 
 humor with a drollness peculiar to Bill 
 Nye. 
 
 I have observed many persons who 
 would sit through a performance 
 given by such high-class com- 
 edians as Barnaby, Russell and Ray- 
 mond, whose flashes of sparkling wit 
 were convulsing the audience with side- 
 splitting laughter, and they would nev- 
 er crack a smile; but instead, with a 
 stoical look and disgusted glance at 
 those who gave a hearty, mirthful re- 
 sponse to the comedian's wit, as much 
 as to say, "What are the fools all 
 laughing at?"; and in every instance 
 the head was narrow and retreating at 
 the point where the organ of Mirthful- 
 ness is situated. 
 
 On the other hand, I have observed 
 in the heads of persons a very large 
 development of this organ, and in con- 
 nection with which I found only a mod- 
 erate development of the organ of Se- 
 cretiveness, hence they would giggle 
 and laugh at the most trivial incident 
 on the most solemn occasions. Mirth- 
 fulness is one of the faculties which dif- 
 ferentiates man from the lower animals. 
 There are three muscles in the face 
 which draw the corners of the lips up, 
 thus giving a mirthful expression to 
 the face. One in whom this organ is 
 small rarely sees the point in a joke 
 or story; his facial expression is 
 stern, cold and hard; in manner he 
 is stiff and stoical. The lips droop at 
 
 the corners, as represented in Fig. 30, 
 who was a pessimist and chronic grum- 
 bler, and rarely ever smiled. 
 
 THE INTELLECTUAL FACUL- 
 TIES, THEIR DIVISIONS, 
 GROUPINGS, FUNCTIONAL 
 POWERS AND RELA- 
 TIONS. 
 
 This group of Phrenological organs 
 now to be treated is situated in the 
 frontal, or anterior lobes of the brain. 
 It is divided into three sub groups 
 of organs, embracing: 
 
 First, the perceptive or observing 
 faculties, which are situated in the low- 
 er or inferior region of the cerebrum, 
 or forehead, immediately above the 
 eyes. The distance from the opening 
 of the ear to this section of the head 
 determines the size of the perceptive or- 
 gans, which are strongly and magnifi- 
 cently represented in the portrait of 
 Charles Darwin at the point of the ar- 
 row, and the line drawn from the open- 
 ing of the ear to that full projecting 
 brow. This group of organs are com- 
 mon to man and animals. 
 
 Second, the semi-perceptive group of 
 organs are situated in the middle sec- 
 tion of the forehead, just above the per- 
 ceptive organs, which are well de- 
 veloped and splendidly illustrated in 
 the middle foreheads of Charles Dar- 
 win (Fig. 73), Carnegie (Fig. 42), 
 and John G. Carlyle (Fig. 27). 
 
 The function of this group of facul- 
 ties is the manifest power of retaining 
 the transitory impressions of acts, 
 events, incidents, position, geo- 
 graphical location of objects, and places 
 and time when things occur; ability to 
 measure time in music; statistical pow- 
 er, and time periodizing, eventualizing, 
 and localizing instincts. This combin- 
 ation of faculties is common to man 
 and animals. 
 
 Third, the reasoning organs, which 
 are situated in the upper and third sec- 
 tions of the forehead, are indicat- 
 ed by the full, well rounded peripheral 
 
THE INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. 
 
 59 
 
 expansion of this part of the head, and 
 the distance from the opening of the 
 ear to this point in the forehead, thus 
 giving- a towering perpendicular ap- 
 pearance to the entire forehead. 
 
 Herbert Spencer (Fig. 93) possesses 
 a very large development of this group 
 of organs, which he has pre-eminently 
 manifested in his elaborate and pro- 
 found phiolosphical works. Causality 
 
 This group of organs distinguishes 
 the intellectual superiority of man from 
 the lower grades of animals in the same 
 proportion that the towering forehead 
 indicates the superior development of 
 the organs. 
 
 A thorough and comprehensive 
 knowledge of the value of the intellec- 
 tual faculties can be more easily ac- 
 quired by observing and studying each 
 
 m 
 
 Fig. 73- Charles Darwin, Naturalist and Evolutionist. 
 A large head, very large preceptive and Semi -preceptive organs 
 
 and Comparison are embraced in this 
 group of organs. They are large and 
 splendidly illustrated in the portraits of 
 Ingersoll (Fig. 102), Bryan (Fig. 64), 
 Holmes (Fig. 38), Bismarck (Fig. 
 39), McKinley (Fig. 97), Pope Leo 
 (Fig. 55), Dr. Strong (Fig. 59), and 
 Conkling (Fig. 73). 
 
 individual organ and its functional 
 power and relation to each other, and 
 to external objects, than in groups or 
 combinations. 
 
 I shall now consider them in their in- 
 dividual capacities, each organ under its 
 independent head. 
 
60 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 INDIVIDUALITY 
 
 The organ of Individuality is situ- 
 ated a little above and immediately be- 
 hind the root of the nose and between 
 the eyebrows ; which is splendidly illus- 
 trated in the lower section of that mag- 
 nificent forehead that is represented in 
 the portrait of Prof. Billroth (Fig. 
 74). 
 
 doorwa} r to the objective and percep- 
 tive conscious intellect from external 
 objects. It is the observing, peering, 
 staring and curiosity seeing faculty. It 
 is large and splendidly illustrated in 
 the portraits of Charles Darwin (Fig. 
 71), Marshal P. Wilder (Fig. 72), J. 
 C. Tory (Fig. 54.) 
 
 This is the faculty that gives us the 
 class of ideas represented by nouns, 
 such as man, horse, dog, chair, table 
 etc., etc. 
 
 Fig. 74. Prof. Theodore Billroth. The famous Surgeon of the University of Vienna. 
 Large preceptive, Semi-perceptive and reflective organs. A well balanced intellect 
 
 The function of the organ of Indi- 
 viduality gives the power of individ- 
 ualizing objects as they exist as enti- 
 ties, independently of other objects or 
 substances. Every object in the uni- 
 verse is individualized by the law of 
 differentiation; and this faculty is the 
 first to take cognizance of this primary 
 individuality of substance. It is the 
 
 This organ is large in the head of 
 the American Indian, which has been 
 strongly manifested by the keenness 
 and accuracy of his observations in the 
 hunting grounds, and in espying the 
 maneuvers of his enemies. 
 
 A person who possesses large Indi- 
 viduality can see more in a day's travel, 
 than one with it moderately developed 
 
THE FACULTY OF FORM. 
 
 61 
 
 will see in a week. Those who possess 
 a strong development of this faculty 
 see and individualize things at a glance, 
 and if the temperament is active, they 
 are quick in action and work rapidly. 
 This faculty is most essential to> the 
 naturalist, geologist, biologist, type- 
 setter, stenographer, typewriter, teleg- 
 rapher, proofreader, bank teller, or any 
 pursuit, the success of which depends 
 upon the speed of action, and requires 
 quick and accurate observation. 
 
 bital plates are approximately close to 
 the crest, and the base to the root of the 
 nose is narrow, and the inner corners 
 of the eyes are close together. 
 
 The function of the organ of Form 
 is the perceptive power that takes cog- 
 nizance of shape, configuration and ap- 
 pearances, which are the primary 
 qualities of external objects. This fac- 
 ulty enables one to remember faces and 
 see familv resemblances in the counte- 
 nances of persons. It is most essential 
 
 Fig. 75. Roscoe Conkling, Lawyer and Statesment. A large, magnificently formed head, 
 built upon broad, manly shoulders 
 
 FORM. 
 
 The organ of Form is situated on 
 each side of the Crista Galli, inside the 
 skull, just behind the root of the nose; 
 when it is large there is considerable 
 space between the orbital plate and the 
 crest; thus giving marked width be- 
 tween the eyes and to the base of the 
 root of the nose. When small, the or- 
 
 to portrait painters, photographers and 
 artists generally. 
 
 It greatly aids the naturalist and 
 comparative anatomists. Some men 
 possess a remarkable memory for faces 
 but a poor memory for names, while 
 there are others who remember faces 
 and names with an equal degree of 
 clearness. I once knew a porter in a 
 hotel whose duty it was to take care 
 
HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 of the hats and wraps of the guests dur- 
 ing meal hours, and as the guests pass- 
 ed out of the dining room he returned 
 their hats and wraps without making a 
 single mistake. I observed that the 
 width between the eyes was very mark- 
 ed. He informed me that he never for- 
 got a face, or the shape of a hat. 
 
 Henry Clay possessed this faculty in 
 a strong degree, and one of his chief 
 characteristics was his ability to remem- 
 ber distinctly, for many years after- 
 ward, the face and name of every man 
 to whom he was introduced. 
 
 Fig. 76. Stephen Holcomb. 
 Form moderate, Acquisitiveness average, Moral organs large 
 
 He possessed large language, thus 
 ability to remember words and names. 
 
 The organ of Form is very large in 
 the Chinese head, which is indicated 
 by the great width between their al- 
 mond shaped eyes. The organs of 
 Form and Individuality, are large in 
 their heads, which accounts in a meas- 
 ure for their ability to remember their 
 language, almost every word of which 
 is represented by a distinct character, 
 and a knowledge of which they acquire 
 and speak correctly and fluently. 
 
 Michael Angelo, the sculpter, and 
 Rubens, the painter, possessed large 
 Form and Individuality. I have exam- 
 ined the heads of many artists in whom 
 I invariably found this organ large. 
 This organ enables a person to judge of 
 bodily and facial form. It is essential 
 to the horseman in judging the forms 
 and developments of the horse. It is of 
 great value to the architect, draftsman 
 and builder. It is one of the most im- 
 portant perceptive faculties, as it brings 
 man and animals into direct contact 
 with one of the most important primary 
 conditions of matter. 
 
 All forms and conditions of objects 
 and environment contributed a stimu- 
 lating evolutionary influence upon the 
 psychic development and differentia- 
 tion of the primary faculties of the 
 mind until each organ thus stimulated 
 into active functional power is adapted 
 to the quality and condition of the 
 substance to which it is primarily re- 
 lated. The organ of Form is the con- 
 comitant of shape and configuration, 
 the organ of Color to colors, shades and 
 hues, etc. 
 
 SIZE. 
 
 The Size of an object is one of its 
 individualizing conditions. Two or 
 more objects may vary in magnitude, 
 but not in form, thus the faculty of 
 Size takes cognizance and distinguishes 
 the differences in the various sizes of 
 objects of the same form, quality, 
 weight and color, which cannot be con- 
 founded with the conception of config- 
 urations, and a knowledge of each may 
 be acquired independently of the other. 
 
 The faculty of Size measures dis- 
 tance, proportions and space, and is an 
 essential element in the talent for per- 
 spective. 
 
 It greatly aids and facilitates the op- 
 erations of the civil engineer, mechanic, 
 draftsman, architect, designer and 
 builder. It estimates proportion in 
 arts, drawing, painting and sculptor. 
 
THE FACULITY OF WEIGHT. 
 
 63 
 
 The organ of this faculty is situated 
 on each side of Individuality, near the 
 internal corners of the eyes. When the 
 frontal sinus is large, due consideration 
 must be given for this obstruction in 
 estimating the size of the organ. 
 
 Careful observation and experience 
 enable a person to determine the extent 
 to which the frontal sinus is developed, 
 as well as the organ. The frontal sinus 
 was used and vigorously urged as one 
 of the chief objections to the Science of 
 Phrenology by the contemporary oppo- 
 nents of Gall, Spuizheim and Combe. 
 Sir William Hamilton, whose meteoric 
 metaphysical light flashed over the in- 
 tellectual horizon of Europe in the 
 early part of the nineteenth century, 
 employed the frontal sinus as his chief 
 objection and argument against the 
 Science of Phrenology, which was met 
 and most ably and completely answered 
 bv Dr. Andrew Combe. 
 
 Fig. 77. The Neanderthal Skull, discovered in a cave in 
 Neander Valley near Dusseldorf , Germany 
 
 The frontal sinus is more prominent- 
 ly developed in those who possess a 
 strongly marked Motive Temperament 
 than either of the other temperaments. 
 It covers the organs of Individuality, 
 Size, Weight and sometimes, when ex- 
 cessively developed, extends partially 
 over the organ of Color. The sinus is 
 indicated by the irregular projecting 
 frontal bone immediately above the root 
 of the nose, and is sometimes mistaken 
 by amateur head feelers for an extra- 
 ordinary development of the perceptive 
 organs. It is another "asses' bridge 
 over which the amateur phrenologist 
 must pass." The frontal sinus is the re- 
 
 sult of the inner and outer tables of the 
 skull, diverging from parallel lines just 
 above the top of the nose and under and 
 a little above where the eyebrows meet. 
 
 WEIGHT. 
 
 The organ of Weight lies externally 
 from that of Size, behind the supercil- 
 iary ridge, outward one-third of the 
 distance from the root of the nose, 
 along the eyebrows. 
 
 The function of the organ of Weight 
 is the intuitive perception and cogni- 
 zance of the laws of gravity, motion, 
 
 Fig. 78. Nichols, The Champion Hammer Thrower of Canada. 
 
 Large Size and Weight, Moderate Causality. 
 
 Graet physical power and endurance 
 
 poise, equilibrium and balancing forces, 
 etc. This faculty aids and facilitates 
 bodily motion in walking, dancing, rid- 
 ing, rope walking, skating, juggling, 
 marksmanship and muscular self-con- 
 trol. A person who possesses large 
 Weight, Self-Esteem, Approbativeness, 
 Ideality and Agreeableness, is graceful 
 m bearing, manners and imbued with 
 a charming personality. I have exam- 
 ined the heads cf many persons in 
 whom this combination of faculties was 
 small or moderate, and thev were as 
 
tU 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 awkward, clumsy and ungainly in man- 
 ner as the organs that manifest this 
 combination of faculties were deficient 
 in their heads. 
 
 Those who possess large Weight, 
 Size, Form and Constructiveness can 
 apply mechanical principles with mark- 
 ed facility and aptitude. They readily 
 become skillful and handy in the use of 
 tools, can judge accurately of perpendi- 
 cular lines and levels, can readily detect 
 by the eye the mirror or picture that is 
 out of plumb on the wall ; and if Order 
 is large, are annoyed at whatever is out 
 of balance or place. The organs of 
 Weight, Firmness, Constructiveness 
 and Destructiveness give poise and skill 
 to the surgeon's hand. Professor Bill- 
 roth's portrait (Fig. 74) furnishes a 
 splendid illustration of this combina- 
 tion of faculties. 
 
 Fig. 76. Dr. Benjamin Rush. 
 
 Color and order large. A well balanced temperament. 
 
 A refined face 
 
 The organ of Weight was large in 
 the perceptive region of Dixon's head, 
 as is splendidly illustrated in his por- 
 trait (Fig. 31), which he demonstrated 
 by becoming the champion rope walker 
 of Canada. 
 
 This organ is most essential to the 
 grocery merchant in estimating the 
 proper quantity of tea, coffee, butter, 
 cheese, sugar and flour, etc., for the 
 number of pounds called for by the 
 customer. It aids the stock dealer in 
 
 estimating the weight of animals. I 
 have known men in whom the organs 
 of Weight, Form and Size were very 
 large and they could estimate the 
 weight of an object almost with the ac- 
 curacy of scales. This group of organs 
 is most essential to the stone mason and 
 bricklayer. It is strongly marked in the 
 ape tribe, which they manifest in leap- 
 ing from limb to limb and balancing 
 themselves at pleasure. This faculty is 
 manifested in every motion of the body 
 of man and of animals. 
 
 COLOR. 
 
 The organ of Color is situated in the 
 middle of the superciliary ridge at the 
 highest point of the arch of the eye- 
 brow; when it is large the projecting 
 eyebrows are distinctly and highly 
 arched. 
 
 The function of this organ is the dis- 
 criminating perception, appreciation 
 and recollection of colors, shades, hues 
 and tints, which are so richly inter- 
 spersed throughout nature. 
 
 This faculty is most important to the 
 portrait, landscape and china painters, 
 sign painters, decorators and florists. 
 It is also highly essential to the paint 
 manufacturer. 
 
 I have examined the heads of many 
 clever artists who exhibited marked 
 delicacy of taste in blending colors 
 and shading in their paintings, and 
 without a single exception the organ of 
 Color was from large to very large. 
 
 I examined the head of a gen- 
 tleman in a southern city in 1884 in 
 whom I found the organ of Color defi- 
 cient. After making the observation 
 with comments upon his inability to' ap- 
 preciate and discriminate readily the 
 various shades and tints in colors, he 
 informed me that he could not discrim- 
 inate the difference between green and 
 blue, or pink and red, or any but solid 
 colors. I have observed in those who 
 are passionatelv fond of flowers that 
 the organ of Color was large. Most 
 ridiculous and striking exhibitions of 
 
THE FACULTY OF ORDER. 
 
 65 
 
 Color, as applied by the hand of the un- 
 skilled artist, can be observed on the 
 cheeks of the gentler sex upon any fine 
 day, as they promenade the avenues of 
 our large cities. 
 
 Persons who possess a coarse, unre- 
 fined temperament, small or moderate 
 Ideality, and a narrow, contracted in- 
 tellect, large Color and Approbative- 
 ness, often make a vulgar display of 
 bad taste in the selection of strong, 
 bright, discordant colors, with which 
 they ornament themselves for public 
 occasions. 
 
 To those who possess a strong de- 
 velopment of Color, a fine temperament 
 and Ideality, beautiful flowers and 
 paintings are a great source of pleasure 
 and delight. 
 
 this point, showing a deficiency in the 
 development of the organ. 
 
 The name of the organ of Order de- 
 fines its own function which is to give 
 a desire for the systematic arrangement 
 and classification of physical objects, 
 generalizing and methodizing and sys- 
 tematizing facts, data and ideas in sci- 
 ence and philosophy. Those who pos- 
 sess large Order are most particular in 
 the arrangement of their personal ef- 
 fects, and sometimes slaves to the love 
 of order — distressed and greatly an- 
 noyed at disorder and confusion, and 
 highly delighted when everything is 
 systematically arranged. 
 
 Persons in whom Order, Ideality, 
 Locality and a fine temperament are 
 strongly developed are generally old- 
 maidish in manners and habits ; thus 
 
 Fig. 81. 
 
 Order Small. 
 
 Small head, coarse temperament, mental power weak 
 
 ORDER. 
 
 System, Arrangement, and Method 
 are the first laws of nature. 
 
 The organ of Order is situated at 
 the angle of the lower forehead at each 
 end of the superciliary ridge. When 
 large it pushes the head out into 
 Squareness at the external end of the 
 eyebrows. On the other hand, when it 
 is small the head rounds off rapidly at 
 
 Fig. 82. 
 A small head, very low temperament, quality of fiber coarse 
 
 hard to please; and if Combativeness is 
 large make life miserable for them- 
 selves and those about them. Persons 
 in whom this combination of organs is 
 small are careless, slovenly and dis- 
 gustingly repulsive in their habits, man- 
 ners and personal appearance. 
 
 Navigators and travelers describe the 
 Esquimaux race as most slovenly and 
 filthy in their habits. I have person- 
 ally examined many of their heads and 
 this organ without a single exception 
 was deficient. 
 
66 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 Dr. Spurzheim mentions an idiot at 
 Paris in whom Order was very large, 
 who could not bear to see a chair or 
 piece of furniture out of place ; and an- 
 other one at Edinburgh who would 
 never go near her brother's room on 
 account of his habits of disorder. 
 
 Order is a time saving faculty. Many 
 persons loose more time looking for 
 things they carelessly misplaced when 
 
 m- 
 
 The mother should thoroughly 
 struct her children in the orderly and 
 systematic arrangement of every thing 
 they handle. Teach them the import- 
 ance of having a place for everything 
 and everything in its place. 
 
 calculation. 
 This organ is situated a little below 
 the point of the angular process of the 
 
 Fig. 82. 
 Hon. Mark Hanna. Financier and Politician, A splendidlly balanced head and temperament 
 
 they last used them than it would re- 
 quire to put them in their proper place. 
 I have examined the heads of many per- 
 sons in whom the organ of Order was 
 large, and described them as being able 
 to go in the dark and lay their hands 
 on any article in their possession that 
 they might desire, and they readily cor - 
 roborated my description of this trait. 
 
 The cultivation of this organ should 
 begin very early in a child. If the or- 
 gan is deficient in the mother the culti- 
 vation of the faculty in the child will 
 surely be neglected and he will be per- 
 mitted to grow up and develop into a 
 slattern. 
 
 frontal bone, and about an inch back 
 and a little above the corners of the 
 eyes. It is large and splendidly illus- 
 trated in the marked width of Mr. Car- 
 negie's head, just under the star (Fig. 
 42), moderate in Fig. 55, and large in 
 Mr. Hanna (Fig. 82). 
 
 This is one of the most difficult or- 
 gans for the amateur phrenologist to 
 observe in the intellectual group, but 
 close observation and practical experi- 
 ence will ultimately enable him to cor- 
 rectly estimate the size of the organ. 
 
 The function of this organ is the 
 perception and comprehension of the 
 numerical value and relation of units. 
 
THE SEMI-PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES. 
 
 67 
 
 Arithmetic and Algebra are depend- 
 ent on this organ, but Geometry and 
 Trigonometry and the higher mathe- 
 matics generally depend largely upon 
 other faculties, such as Form, Size, 
 Weight, Comparison and Causality. 
 
 In 1900, at Ypsilanti, Michigan, in 
 the presence of a number of his class- 
 mates, I examined the head of a young 
 man in whom I observed an extraordin- 
 ary development of the organ of Calcu- 
 lation. I told him that with very little 
 effort he could easily stand at the head 
 of the class in Arithmetic, Algebra and 
 the higher branches of Mathematics. 
 My observation was readily corrobor- 
 ated by his fellow-students and him- 
 self. 
 
 The same afternoon I examined the 
 head of a young lady who was a stu- 
 dent at the State Normal School, in 
 whom I found the organ small. I ob- 
 served that it was with great effort 
 and difficulty that she acquired even a 
 knowledge of the simplest arithmetical 
 problems; but she possessed large In- 
 dividuality, Eventuality, Location, 
 Comparison and Language; thus could 
 easily learn history, geography and the 
 literary branches. She at once assured 
 me that my descriptive analysis of her 
 intellectual qualities was correct to the 
 letter. 
 
 The calipers with which I measured 
 the width of the heads of the young 
 man and woman just referred to re- 
 vealed a difference of one inch in favor 
 of the young man at the point where 
 the organ is situated. 
 
 In 1 90 1 I examined the head of a 
 young man in Ann Arbor, Mich., who 
 was a student in the University, in 
 whom I observed a large development 
 of the organs of Calculation, Construc- 
 tiveness, Form, Size and a full develop- 
 ment of the reasoning organs. I de- 
 scribed his talents for Mathematics and 
 Construction as being strong and most 
 admirably adapted to any of the branch- 
 es of building or engineering. He in- 
 formed me that he was then taking a 
 course in the engineering department 
 of the University, and that his talents 
 were evidently inherited from his an- 
 cestors, who had, to his knowledge, 
 
 been mechanics and engineers as far 
 back as three generations. 
 
 These examples are only illustrative 
 of hundreds of similar cases that have 
 come under my observation during the 
 past twenty years. 
 
 Mr. Combe in treating this organ in 
 his "Lectures on Phrenology," page 
 246, has this to say of his own faculty 
 of Calculation : 
 
 "I can speak on this subject the more 
 decidedly, from being myself very de- 
 ficient in this faculty, and notwithstand- 
 ing my exertions to cultivate it, Arith- 
 metic has always been to me a profound 
 mystery, and to master the multiplica- 
 tion table, an insurmountable task. I 
 could not now tell you how many eight 
 times nine are without going to work 
 circuitously and reckoning by means 
 of the tens. Yet for seven years I 
 studied Arithmetic. This deficiency 
 has been the occasion of much trouble 
 to me. I could understand everything 
 relating to accounts, but had always to 
 employ clerks to perform calculations. 
 This faculty in me is, in fact, idiotic, 
 and the organ is very small. Were my 
 other powers in like condition, I should 
 be totally unfit for the ordinary busi- 
 ness of life." 
 
 THE SEMI-PERCEPTIVE FAC- 
 ULTIES AND THEIR RELA- 
 TION TO OTHER 
 FACULTIES. 
 
 LOCALITY. 
 
 The first of this group of intellectual 
 organs to be considered is the organ of 
 Locality, the function of which is to 
 perceive and remember the appearance 
 of places where objects are located. It 
 is the traveler's guide which enables him 
 to remember roads, by-paths, land- 
 marks and places in which he has been 
 before. It aids the stranger to remem- 
 ber the location of streets, buildings and 
 points of interest when he is in a 
 strange city. It is most essential to the 
 civil or mining engineer. It is trans- 
 
6S 
 
 rOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 cendently important to the explorer. It 
 is of great value to the lawyer in facili- 
 tating his memory of law cases and 
 points recorded in reports and law 
 books. 
 
 The organ of Location is situated on 
 each side of Individuality and extends 
 obliquely upward and externally from 
 Eventuality almost to the middle of the 
 forehead. When large the head is fully 
 rounded out at this point. It is large 
 and strongly manifested by many spe- 
 cies of animals. Some dogs give splen- 
 did exhibitions of the power of this fac- 
 ulty. It is large in the head of the 
 American Indian. 
 
 This organ is splendidly illustrated 
 in the portraits of Carlisle (Fig. 26), 
 E. Burton Holmes (Fig. 28) and 
 Charles Darwin (Fig. 73). 
 
 I examined the head of the Hon. P. 
 Wat Harden of Kentucky, in 1888, in 
 wmom I found this organ extraordin- 
 arily large. After giving a full descrip- 
 tion of his ability to locate any object, 
 place or chapter and paragraph in a 
 book he had once read, he fully corro- 
 borated my observation, and informed 
 me that his neighbor attorneys fre- 
 quently appealed to him for assistance 
 in finding where some law case was re- 
 corded in which they were interested, 
 and to which he would instantly refer 
 them to book, chapter and paragraph. 
 
 I have had many similar cases come 
 under my observation. The most strik- 
 ing development and manifestation of 
 this organ that ever came under my ob- 
 servation was in a clergyman who was 
 born blind. He learned in infancy, 
 when crawling around on the floor, to 
 remember the location of each piece of 
 furniture, thus persistently cultivating 
 the faculty under the pressure of the 
 greatest possible necessity from such an 
 early period up to manhood, that it in- 
 creased the size and functional power 
 of the organ until he could travel at 
 pleasure wherever he desired without 
 even the assistance of a cane. 
 
 The faculty of Locality has been the 
 subject of much comment, theorizing 
 and speculation, by scientist and psy- 
 chologist. Mr. Darwin said : 
 
 "There must be an organ in the brain 
 that gives the instinct for location." If 
 he had consulted Gall's, Spurzheim's, 
 and Combe's works they would have 
 given him ample evidence of the loca- 
 tion of the brain center, or organ of the 
 instinctive perception of location. 
 
 Mr. Darwin doubtless was guilty of 
 the same omission in regard to phren- 
 ology as the late Professor Huxley, 
 who g-ave his views on the subject to 
 his personal friend, Alfred Russell Wal- 
 lace, in one of their friendly scientific 
 talks, which I quote from Mr. Wal- 
 lace's "Wonderful Century," page 182 : 
 
 "Even so eminent a physiologist and 
 so careful a thinker as the late Profes- 
 sor Huxley, when I once asked him 
 why he did not accept phrenology as a 
 science, replied at once : 'Because, ow- 
 ing to the varying thickness of the 
 skull, the form of the outside does not 
 correspond to that of the brain itself, 
 and therefore the comparative develop- 
 ment of different parts of the brain can- 
 not be determined by the form of the 
 skull.' To this I replied that the thick- 
 ness of the skull varied at most a few 
 tenths of an inch, whereas the varia- 
 tions in the diameters varied by whole 
 inches, so that the size and proportions 
 of the head, as measured or estimated 
 by phrenologists, were very slightly af- 
 fected by the different thicknesses of 
 the skull, which, besides had been care- 
 fully studied by phrenologists as de- 
 pendent on temperament, age, etc., and 
 could in many cases be estimated. He 
 admitted the correctness of this state- 
 ment and had really no other objection 
 to make except by saying that he al- 
 ways understood it had been rejected 
 after full examination (which it cer- 
 tainly had not been), and to ask, if it 
 were true, why was it not taught by 
 any man of scientific reputation." 
 
 Professor Huxley furnished the an- 
 swer for himself — and that class of 
 scientific men who reject phrenology 
 as a science, when he said : "He always 
 understood it had been rejected after 
 full examination. The majority of 
 modern scientific men like Professor 
 Huxlev. have never taken time to ex- 
 amine the facts upon which phrenology 
 
THE FACULTY OF EVENTUALITY. 
 
 69 
 
 is founded, but flippantly pass it by, be- 
 cause some other distinguished profes- 
 sor who knows as little of the science 
 as himself says : "He thought it had 
 been rejected after full examination." 
 Professor Huxley should have exam- 
 ined the subject for himself, and not 
 depended on those who were as defi- 
 cient as himself in the knowledge of a 
 subject so transcendently important to 
 the intellectual and moral evolution of 
 the human race. 
 
 This faculty sustains a very similar 
 relation to the faculty of Individuality 
 that the verb does to the noun. Individ- 
 uality observes objects as they exist in 
 still life; Eventuality takes cognizance 
 of objects in motion, thus it is the verb 
 faculty of the mind. The horse runs, 
 thus runs is an event which Eventuality 
 remembers. The horse ran somewhere, 
 thus the faculty of Locality remembers 
 the place. 
 
 This faculty is most essential to the 
 historian, editor, teacher, lawyer, poli- 
 
 Fig. 83. 
 Eventuality Large, A splendid memory of events 
 
 Fig. 84. 
 Eventuality Moderate, poor memory of events 
 
 EVENTUALITY. 
 
 The organ of Eventuality is situated 
 in the middle of the forehead ; therefore 
 one of the easiest of the intellectual or- 
 gans to locate. It is splendidly illus- 
 trated in the full, well rounded develop- 
 ment at this point in the portrait of Fig. 
 83, and only moderately developed in 
 the portrait of Fig. 84; thus the con- 
 trast is most sriking in the degrees of 
 development of the organ in the two 
 heads. 
 
 The function of the organ of Event- 
 uality is to perceive and remember 
 events, news, circumstances, facts, tran- 
 sitory incidents, what has been heard, 
 or seen, or known, and the constantly 
 changing conditions of things and oc- 
 currences, scientific and historical. 
 
 tician, clergyman, physician and lectur- 
 er. It greatly aids the editor's 
 memory in the accumulation of 
 facts and current events. The three 
 organs embraced in the Semi-perceptive 
 Group are highly essential to and great- 
 ly aid and facilitate the lawyer's mem- 
 ory of the testimony, events and inci- 
 dents connected with his cases and law 
 business generally. The clergyman re- 
 quires a strong development of this 
 group of organs to give him a clear 
 memory of the events in Biblical and 
 secular history, and facilitates his de- 
 scriptive powers. It is well illustrated 
 in the portrait of E, Burton Holmes 
 (Fig. 36) and Dr. Strong (Fig. 59). 
 
 This combination of faculties is most 
 important to the statesman, orator and 
 politician. It is essential to and greatly 
 aids the banker and business man. 
 
70 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 I have observed in many persons 
 large Eventuality, moderate or small 
 Locality and Time, thus they could re- 
 member events with marked clearness, 
 but could not remember places or dates. 
 I have observed in many others large 
 Eventuality and Locality with Time 
 small, they could clearly remember 
 events and places, but possessed a poor 
 memory for dates. 
 
 man, with all his arms rambling; no 
 way to reduce him to compass unless 
 you double him up like a pocket-rule. 
 With his arms spread, he'd lie on the 
 bed of Ware like a cross on a Good Fri- 
 day bun. If he stands cross-legged, he 
 looks like a caduceust, and put him in 
 a fencing attitude, you would take him 
 for a cheveaux-de-frise. To> make any 
 use of him, it must be as a spontoon or 
 
 Fig. 85. 
 
 John Philip Sousa. 
 
 The Great Band Master. Organ of tune large 
 
 Those who possess large Eventuality, 
 Locality, Time, Individuality, Form, 
 Size and Language are able to give 
 clear, vivid and graphic descriptions of 
 objects. Sheridan evidently possessed 
 this combination of faculties in a strong 
 degree, the power of which is splendid- 
 ly illustrated in his description of a wo- 
 man and her husband. He says: 
 
 "Her fat arms are strangled with 
 bracelets, which belt them like corded 
 brawn. You wish to draw her out as 
 you would an opera glass. A long, lean 
 
 a fishing-rod. When his wife's by, he 
 follows like a note of admiration. See 
 them together, one is a mass, the other 
 all hulk; she's a dome, and he's built 
 like a glass house. When they part 
 you wonder to see the steeple separate, 
 from the chancel, and were they to em- 
 brace, he must hang round her neck like 
 a skein of thread on a lace-maker's bols- 
 ter. To sing her praise, you should 
 choose a rondeau, and to celebrate him, 
 you must choose all Alexandrines." 
 
THE FACULTIES OF TIME AND TUNE. 
 
 71 
 
 TIME. 
 
 The organ of Time is situated later- 
 ally in the middle section of the head, 
 externally from the upper part *of Lo- 
 cality and the lower section of Eventu- 
 ality, and above Order and Calculation 
 at the point of the arrows in the por- 
 traits of John Philap Sousa (Fig-. 85), 
 and Floto (Fig-. 88), who possess a 
 strong development of this organ, as is 
 
 them upon one another's conception of 
 time in music. This is especially the 
 case with music teachers. A clear per- 
 ception of the measured cadence in mu- 
 sic is a great source of pleasure in 
 dancing. 
 
 It gives the business man a clear con- 
 ception of the value of time and the 
 importance of punctuality in the exe- 
 cution of his plans. It is important to 
 the railroad conductor and engineer. 
 
 Fig. 86. 
 J. J. Paderewski. Time and Tune large. 
 
 splendidly illustrated in the full, round- 
 ed peripheral expansion in this region 
 of their heads. 
 
 The function of the organ of Time 
 is to perceive, measure and register in 
 the mind the duration of time in the 
 succession of events. It is the crono- 
 logical, statistical, periodizing, time- 
 keeping faculty. 
 
 It is a most essential element in mu- 
 sic, as it measures the duration of 
 tones. This faculty varies in degrees 
 of development in musicians ; thus it is 
 the occasion of much criticism among 
 
 Persons who possess large Time, 
 Order, Self -Esteem, Acquisitiveness 
 and Combativeness are prompt to the 
 minute in filling business engagements. 
 If Alimentiveness is large, they are 
 prompt at meal time; if Veneration is 
 large, they are prompt at church, pray- 
 er meeting and Sunday school. 
 
 It is highly essential to the statisti- 
 cian, editors of review and financial 
 magazines. 
 
 Lawyers who possess large Time, 
 Locality, Eventuality, Individuality 
 and Comparison are very critical and 
 
72 
 
 HOW rO KKAD THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 exact in the examination and develop- 
 ment of the testimony of a witness to 
 the full limit of his knowledge, as to 
 
 when and where a given event occur- 
 red. This group of organs is common 
 to man and animals. 
 
 TUNE, 
 
 The faculty of Tune sustains the 
 same relation to the ear that color does 
 to the eve. It apprehends and appre- 
 ciates sounds, and is agreeably or dis- 
 agreeably affected by them, thus it is 
 distinctly the musical faculty, but does 
 not wholly determine the different 
 grades of music, as it is subject to the 
 influence of the impulses of the pro- 
 pensities and sentiments. Those who 
 possess large Tune, Time, Amative- 
 ness and a coarse temperament enjoy 
 discoursing love songs, and music 
 strongly tinged with the animated spir- 
 it of licentiousness. One possessed of 
 large Tune, Time, Ideality, Sublimity 
 and a large head and fine temperament, 
 the development and type of which is 
 magnificently illustrated in the portrait 
 of Richard Wagner (Fig. 63), discours- 
 es and appreciates classical music in its 
 highest grades cf perfection. 
 
 The organ of Tune is situated in the 
 lower lateral part of the forehead, un- 
 der, and on each side of the temporal 
 ridge, just under Mirthfulness and the 
 anterior part of Ideality, and immedi- 
 ately in front of Constructiveness at 
 the point of the arrow in the portraits 
 of Paderewski (Fig. 86) and Grieg 
 (Fig. 92). Observe the marked width 
 of the heads at this point in the por- 
 traits of Floto (Fig. 88), Mozart 
 (Fig. 87), Schubert (Fig. 90) and 
 Hummel (Fig. 91). 
 
 I have never observed a person 
 whose head was narrow through the 
 region of Tune that was able to exe- 
 cute music, even to a mediocre degree. 
 
 I delineated the character of a young 
 lady in the presence of her mother in 
 
 Detroit, Mich., in whom I discovered 
 the faculty of Tune was very weak, as 
 indicated by the narrowness of, her 
 head in the region of the organ. I ob- 
 served that her musical talent was not 
 strong enough to justify its cultiva- 
 tion, and that it would be a waste of 
 time and money to attempt such a 
 course; but as she possessed large 
 Ideality, Form, Color and full 
 Constructiveness that she could succeed 
 in drawing and painting. Her mother 
 looked at her, and said, "Isn't that 
 strange; this gentleman has discovered 
 in five minutes by an examination of 
 your head what it has taken us seven 
 years to learn." The daughter, turn- 
 ing to' me, said : "I took music for 
 seven years and failed and gave it up. 
 I then took up painting and drawing, 
 in which I am succeeding and with 
 which I am delighted." Unlike music, 
 which w 7 as more of a drudge than a 
 pleasure." 
 
 If mothers and daughters would con- 
 sult phrenology and learn that it 
 would teach them their talents in mu- 
 sic and art, they could save an im- 
 mense amount of time, energy and 
 money. Music is a talent, a gift with 
 which perfection comes with culture. 
 
 LANGUAGE. 
 
 The organ of Language is situated 
 in the posterior part of the anterior 
 lobe of the brain, in the third convolu- 
 tion upon the posterior part of the su- 
 perior orbiter plate. It pushes the eyes 
 forward and downward, according to 
 its development. When large it gives 
 marked prominence to the eyes and un- 
 der eyelids. A large development of 
 this organ is splendidly illustrated in 
 the portraits of Henry Ward Beecher 
 (Fig. 93), and Wendell Phillips (Fig. 
 94), Robert G. Ingersoll (Fig. 102). 
 William Jennings Bryan (Fig. 64). 
 These gifted orators are a few of the 
 many witnesses whose command of 
 the language proclaimed as eloquently 
 the truth of Dr. Gall's localization of 
 
Fig. 87. Mozart 
 
 Fig. 90. Schubert 
 
 Fig. 88. Floto 
 
 Fig. 91. Hummel 
 
 Fig. 89. Von Bulow 
 
 Fig. 92 Grieg 
 
74 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 the organ of Articulate Speech as they 
 eloquently portrayed its functional 
 power. 
 
 When the organ is small the eyes are 
 set back deep in their sockets, thus giv- 
 ing- them a sunken appearance. It is 
 only moderately developed in Fig. j6. 
 Observe the difference in his deeply set 
 eyes in comparison with the bulging" 
 prominence of Beechers (Fig. 93). 
 
 The function of the organ of Lan- 
 guage is the power of articulate speech, 
 
 by the civilized races, facilitated by 
 steam and electricity, mark an epoch in 
 the rapid evolutionary advance of a uni- 
 versal education, and culture of the 
 higher intellectual and moral faculties 
 with a distinction not enjoyed by pre- 
 ceding generations. 
 
 The organ of Language was Dr. 
 Gall's first phrenological discovery. It 
 led him to the conclusion that if the 
 power of speech depended upon a cer- 
 tain part of the brain, that it was pos- 
 
 Fig. 93. 
 Henry Ward Beecher. Language large. 
 
 spoken or written, memory of words, 
 signs and the communicating faculty 
 It enables us to impart the knowledge 
 acquired by the intellectual faculties, 
 and gives expression to our passions, 
 feelings, impulses and sentiments. 
 
 Articulate language greatly facili- 
 tates the evolution of the higher facul- 
 ties of the human mind. The marvel- 
 ous speed of rapid inter-communi- 
 cation enjoyed, now as never before, 
 
 sible for other primary faculties of the 
 mind to be connected with certain parts 
 of the brain ; hence, his subsequent ob- 
 servations and experiments confirmed 
 his early convictions, and the establish- 
 ment of the phrenological system of 
 mental science. 
 
 The organ of Language, or "speech 
 center," as the modern physiologists see 
 proper to call it, has been the subject 
 of much interest among physiologists 
 
THE FACULTY OF LANGUAGE. 
 
 75 
 
 in the latter half of the century just 
 closed. 
 
 The discovery of the speech center 
 has been credited to M. Broca by the 
 modern physiologists, in place of Dr. 
 Gall, who originally discovered the or- 
 gan, and to whom the credit of its dis- 
 covery legitimately belongs. Gall dis- 
 covered the organ of Language more 
 than sixty years before M. Broca redis- 
 covered it in 1 86 1. This, however, is 
 only another characteristic blunder of 
 the medical men who make medical 
 history. 
 
 fore the Royal College of Physicians, 
 June, 1890, Dr. Ferrier says (p. 15 of 
 his published report) : 
 
 "The connection between Aphemio, 
 or Aphasia, and lesion, more particu- 
 larly, viz., the base of the third frontal 
 convolution, was first pointed out by 
 Broca (1861). Broca' s observations 
 have since been amply confirmed by 
 clinical and pathological research, and 
 further elucidated by physiological ex- 
 periment." 
 
 This is the story that is now told to 
 the medical student by all his lecturing 
 
 Fig. 94. 
 Wendell Phillips, the Silver Tongued Orator. Language large 
 
 The late Prof. William Matieu 
 Williams gives a full history of Dr. 
 Gall's discovery and M. Broca' s redis- 
 covery of the organ of Language in a 
 recent work entitled "Vindication of 
 Phrenology/' from which I quote the 
 following extracts : 
 
 LANGUAGE — APHASIA. 
 
 In his first Croonian lecture on 
 "Cerebral Localization," delivered be- 
 
 teachers, and in all his modern text 
 books and I presume that these gentle- 
 men believe that they are telling the 
 truth. 
 
 Dr. Bateman commences his elabor- 
 ate work of 420 pages on "Aphasia, or 
 Loss of Speech, and the Localization of 
 the Faculty of Articulate Language," 
 in the following language: 
 
HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE 
 
 "The ne plus ultra of pathological to- 
 pograph)-, however, was reserved to M. 
 Broca, who originally defined the seat 
 of lesion to be in the posterior part of 
 the third frontal convolution of the left 
 hemisphere. 
 
 Dr. Ferrier tells us (Functions of the 
 Brain ; 2nd edition, p. 444) that : 
 
 The cause of this affliction (Aphasia 
 was shown by Broca, and his observa- 
 tions have been confirmed by thou- 
 sands of other cases, to be associated 
 with diseases in the region of the pos- 
 terior extremity of the third left fron- 
 tal convolution, w r here it abuts on the 
 fissure of Sylvius, and overlaps the 
 Island of Reil ; a region which I have 
 shown corresponds with the situation 
 of the motor centers of articulation in 
 the monkey. 
 
 Ferrier says in a foot note: "I do 
 not consider it necessary in the present 
 state of clinical medicine and pathology 
 to enter at length into' cases and argu- 
 ments in favor of the definite location 
 of the lesion causing Aphasia ( or the 
 loss of the faculty of speech) . I take it 
 as established beyond all possibility of 
 doubt." 
 
 W. Mattieu Williams in his recent 
 elaborate work, "Vindication of Phren- 
 ology," says : "So completely has this 
 become accepted and established as one 
 of the irremovable landmarks of scien- 
 tific history, that most of my readers 
 will probably regard me as a hopeless 
 paradoxer, an incurable crank, labor- 
 ing under some extravagant delusion, 
 when I distinctly assert that all these 
 high authorities are guilty of gross and 
 shameful blundering in thus attributing 
 this discovery to Broca in 1861, and 
 then I further assert that this so-called 
 'Broca's convolution and its neighbor- 
 hood,' as described in the above quota- 
 tions from these high authorities, is the 
 same region as that in which Gall lo- 
 cated the faculty of articulate language 
 and the seat of Aphasia more than six- 
 ty years before the discovery was re- 
 peated by Broca." 
 
 THE REFLECTIVE OR REASON- 
 ING ORGANS; THEIR FUNC- 
 TIONAL POWERS AND RE- 
 CIPROCAL RELATION AND 
 INFLUENCE WITH THE 
 OTHER FACULTIES OF 
 THE MIND. 
 
 This, the third and last group of the 
 intellectual organs to be considered in 
 their individual capacities, distinguishes 
 man's intellectual superiority and indi- 
 viduality more clearly from the lower 
 animals than the perceptive and semi- 
 perceptive organs combined. They 
 constitute w T hat are called the powers of 
 reason, which are the highest efforts of 
 the human mind to apprehend causa- 
 tion, compare and analyze the relation 
 of causes and abstract principles. 
 
 causality. 
 
 The organ of Causality is situated in 
 the upper forehead on each side of the 
 organ of Comparison, in front of 
 Mirthfulness, and just above the organs 
 of Locality and Time. 
 
 When the organs of Causality and 
 Comparison are large, the forehead 
 rises high, with a full, well rounded 
 peripheral expansion, and a wall- like 
 appearance. This group of organs is 
 large and splendidly illustrated in the 
 portraits of Herbert Spencer (Fig. 95). 
 Richard Wagner (Fig. 63), Bismarck 
 (Fig. 39), Robert G. Ingersoll (Fig. 
 102), William McKinley (Fig. 97), 
 Bishop Strong (Fig. 59), Pope Leo 
 (Fig. 55), William Jennings Bryan 
 (Fig. 64), and Judge Murphy (Fig. 
 
 25). 
 
 If this group of organs is moderate 
 or small the forehead rapidly recedes 
 from the perceptive organs. Observe 
 the retreating forehead in Figs. 58-59. 
 Observe the striking difference in the 
 distance from the opening of the ear to 
 the upper forehead in comparison with 
 Spencer, Darwin, Ingersoll, Wagner 
 and Bismarck. The narrow, contracted 
 foreheads of the Gorilla (Fig. 96) and 
 Chimpanzee (Fig. 98) clearly indicate, 
 the strength of their intellectual endow- 
 ments. Their reasoning and moral or- 
 gans are only developed in a rudimen- 
 tary form, the power of which is 
 
THE REASONING FACULTIES. 
 
 77 
 
 manifested too imperfectly to be classed 
 with the reasoning faculties of man. 
 
 The dog or ape reasons in his way 
 to a limited degree. Thus, the higher 
 grades of cultivated animals manifest 
 in their actions some of the ingredients 
 of reason, which entitle them to the 
 rudimentary powers of the reasoning 
 faculties. 
 
 the tail and the head from the body 
 part to which the wings were attached. 
 He then took the body part in his jaws 
 and rose about two feet from the 
 ground; but a gentle breeze wafting 
 the wing of the fly, turned him around 
 in the air, and he settled again with his 
 prey upon the gravel. I then distinct- 
 ly observed him cut off with his mouth 
 
 Fig. 95- 
 Herbert Spencer, Philosopher. A Large, Magnificent Brain 
 
 Many species of insects exhibit a 
 high order of intelligence, and often 
 apparent reason. Mr. Darwin gives 
 his observation of a wasp, in which the 
 evidence of reason seemed clear to him. 
 He says : 
 
 "A wasp on a gravel walk had caught 
 a fly nearly as large as itself. Kneeling 
 on the ground, I observel him separate 
 
 first one of the wings and then the 
 other, after which he flew away with 
 it unmolested with the wind." 
 
 Professor Haeckel claims that the 
 different species of animals possess the 
 powers of reason within the limits of 
 their graduated development. He says : 
 
 "The higher vertebrate (especially 
 those mammals which are most nearly 
 
;s 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 related to man) have just as good a 
 title to "reason" as man himself, and 
 within the limits of the animal world 
 there is the same gradual development 
 of reason as in the case of humanity. 
 The difference between the reason of a 
 Goethe, a Kant, a Lamark, or a Darwin 
 and that of the lowest savage, a Ved- 
 dah, an Akka, a native of Australia, or 
 a Patagonian, is much greater than the 
 graduated difference between the rea- 
 son of the latter and that of the most 
 
 data; he becomes a theorist, a dreamer, 
 thus leading him into the realm of the 
 purely speculative. 
 
 When the organ is small in a person, 
 his reasoning powers are correspond- 
 ingly limited. He accepts facts and 
 data as they are without reflection, and 
 exhibits an indifferent interest to the 
 subject in which the elements of reason 
 and the principles of logic are involved. 
 
 The reasoning faculties often aid un- 
 scrupulous persons in justifying dis- 
 
 Fig. 96. 
 Gorilla, A savage head and face, strong Motive Temperament 
 
 "rational" mammals, the anthropoid 
 apes, or even the papiomorpha, the dog 
 or the elephant.''* Haeckel's Riddle of 
 the Universe, page 125. 
 
 This is the faculty that gives man a 
 desire to look for causes, motives and to 
 trace out the reason why. When very 
 large and active, and the perceptive or- 
 gans moderate or average, he often rea- 
 sons without the support of facts or 
 
 honest acts. The religious fanatic en- 
 deavors to show by his his peculiar sys- 
 tem of reasoning that his theology and 
 creed are the only ones that are strictly 
 in harmony with the Bible, and that all 
 other creeds are false and misleading. 
 When the reasoning faculties are exces- 
 sively developed they sometimes lead to 
 self-delusion, when they wander from a 
 
THE REFLECTIVE ORGANS. 
 
 79 
 
 direct relation to facts and substantial 
 data, which is the source of pure reason. 
 
 Persons in whom the reasoning or- 
 gans are small cannot appreciate cir- 
 cumstantial evidence. Ideas and ab- 
 stract principles do not elicit their at- 
 tention. 
 
 Causality and Constructiveness are 
 the high lights of the human mind. 
 Each epoch that has marked the evolu- 
 tion of civilization, not enjoyed by the 
 
 COMPARISON. 
 
 The organ of Comparison is located 
 in the middle of the upper part of the 
 forehead on the median line just above 
 Eventuality and below the organ of 
 Human Nature. When large it gives a 
 sharply marked prominence to this re- 
 gion of the forehead ; on the other hand, 
 when small, the forehead recedes and 
 gives a flat appearance at this point. It 
 is very prominently developed in the 
 heads of Thomas B. Reed (Fig. 26), 
 
 Fig. 97. 
 
 William H. McKinley, 
 
 A well formed head, the distance from the opening of the ears to that towering forehead Is very marked 
 
 lower order of animals is measured by 
 the productive resources of Causality 
 and Constructiveness. This combina- 
 tion of faculties gives inventive genius 
 to the human mind, which is magnifi- 
 cently illustrated in the portrait of 
 Thomas A. Edison (Fig. 62). 
 
 Robert G. Ingersoll (Fig. 102), Henry 
 Ward Beecher (Fig. 93), Sir Wil- 
 fred S. Laurier (Fig. 100) and Wil- 
 liam Jennings Bryan (Fig. 64). 
 
 The function of this organ is to com- 
 pare differences, identities, resem- 
 blances, and dissimilarities of objects, 
 
80 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE 
 
 principles, and the illustrator of 
 thought and ideas. It perceives and ap- 
 prehends analogies, and draws infer- 
 ences by inductive reasoning-. When 
 large in a person, he possesses the pow- 
 er of criticism, analysis, and of readily 
 appreciating the value of metaphors and 
 figures of speech. It is a potential fac- 
 tor in ridicule and striking- illustrations. 
 It is most essential to the lawyer in 
 comparing law cases and evidence, and 
 aids him in argument. 
 
 Form, configuration; Calculation, num- 
 bers; Size, magnitude; Weight, 
 weights, etc. 
 
 The faculty of Comparison gives an 
 accelerating influence and brilliancy to 
 the mind. Persons who possess large 
 Comparison, Causality, Mirthfulness, 
 Combativeness, Individuality and. an 
 active, volatile temperament, are quick 
 in original thought, wit and humor. 
 This combination of faculties is largely 
 developed in the Irish people. 
 
 Fig. 
 
 Fig. 99. 
 
 The faculty of Comparison com- 
 pares objects, things, opinions, ideas 
 and principles generally, while each of 
 the other intellectual faculties only com- 
 pares the objects, qualities and condi- 
 tions to which its instinctive percep- 
 tion and apprehension is related; thus 
 the faculty of Color compares colors, 
 shades and hues ; Tune compares tones ; 
 
 It is the analytical and criticizing fac- 
 ulty. Comparison, Individuality and 
 Weight are highly essential to the 
 chemist. This combination with Ideal- 
 ity and Color large is most important 
 to the botanist. Comparison is highly 
 essential to the writer of fiction. 
 
 Comparison and Causality are the 
 crowning faculties of the human intel- 
 lect. 
 
THE FACULTY OF HUMAN NATURE. 
 
 81 
 
 HUMAN NATURE. 
 
 The organ of Human Nature is sit- 
 uated on the median line, just at the 
 point where the forehead rounds off to 
 form the top, immediately above Com- 
 parison, and just in front of Benevo- 
 lence. It is splendidly illustrated in 
 the portraits of Sir Wilfred S. Laurier, 
 Premier of Canada (Fig. ioo), at the 
 point of the arrow, and also at the 
 
 and motive, as ihey are represented in 
 the human head and face, personal ap- 
 pearance and the general bearing of in- 
 dividuals. 
 
 It is the physiognomical faculty 
 that reads strangers at a glance. Every 
 person is a physiognomist, and thus 
 discerns character and motive to a 
 degree corresponding with the develop- 
 ment of the organ and extent of obser- 
 vation and experience with men. It 
 
 Fig. ioo. Sir Wilfred Laurier, Premier of Canada. 
 A strong head and face, Large Human Nature and Benevolence, reads strangers at a glance 
 
 point of the arrow in the profile view 
 of Sol smith Russell (page 56). It is 
 strongly represented in the portrait of 
 Robert G. Ingersoll (Fig. 102). 
 
 This faculty gives an intuitive dis- 
 cerning perception of human nature 
 
 compares and measures man with man. 
 trait with trait, and motive with mo- 
 tive. Those who possess large Human 
 Nature, Comparison, Individuality and 
 Form observe the conduct, conversa- 
 tion, habits, manners and little things 
 
82 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 that people do with a most critical and 
 jealous eye; and if Secretiveness, De- 
 structiveness and Cautiousness are 
 large, and Conscientiousness is small, 
 they are suspicious of people and talk 
 in a derogatory manner about them; 
 and take great delight in throwing the 
 shadows of disgrace over people and 
 besmirching their characters, and 
 sowing the seeds of dissension and 
 trouble. 
 
 Those who are endowed with large 
 Human Nature, Benevolence, Con- 
 scientiousness, Comparison and Form, 
 read, understand and appreciate the di- 
 versified types of character and condi- 
 tions and environment under which 
 men exist. This combination of facul- 
 ties is strongly marked in the portraits 
 of Ingersoll, Beecher, Phillips and Dr. 
 Strong. 
 
 The faculty of Human Nature is 
 highly essential to every person, but of 
 more value to some than others. The 
 lawyer should be able to read men and 
 motives like a book, as it is men with 
 whom their profession requires them to 
 deal. 
 
 I have observed the heads of many 
 eminent and distinguished lawyers, and 
 without a single exception this organ 
 was from full to very large. 
 
 It is a most essential faculty to the 
 physician, as it' enables him to read 
 and discern the disposition and char- 
 acteristics of his patients; thus, a 
 knowledge which is highly essential to 
 his practice. 
 
 The lawyer and doctor should pos- 
 sess a thorough knowledge of the Sci- 
 ence of Phrenology, and its practical 
 application in the analysis of character 
 and motive. 
 
 Persons who are engaged in such 
 pursuits as require daily contact with 
 strangers should possess large Human 
 Nature and a knowledge of Phren- 
 ology. 
 
 The teacher who cannot read the dis- 
 positions, talents and characteristics of 
 the children w*ho come under his 
 charge, cannot control and impart in- 
 struction in a manner that will disci- 
 pline, train and develop the mentality 
 
 and character of them to the full limit 
 of their natural possibilities. 
 
 The man who can read human na- 
 ture and understand how, when and 
 where to touch the mainsprings of hu- 
 man character and motive, is equipped 
 with a power to influence, control and 
 manipulate men as no man is, who is 
 not so trained. 
 
 
 hIHi ^i 
 
 ' ) • 'A > v * 
 
 4ff/ 
 
 wk 
 
 
 1 
 
 l- „'• ' ' „?,;.».•» 
 
 
 
 Fig. ioo. 
 
 The Preadamite Man. 
 
 Human Nature an Agreeableness very small 
 
 AGREEABLENESS. 
 
 This organ is situated on each side 
 of the organ of Human Nature at the 
 point where the forehead rounds off to 
 form the top, immediately in front of 
 Imitation, and just above the organs of 
 Causality and Mirthfulness, and is 
 splendidly illustrated in the front view 
 portrait of Sol Smith Russell (Fig. 
 47), in the fore of the point of the ar- 
 row. 
 
 It was prominently developed in the 
 head of the late Robert G. Ingersoll, as 
 is splendidly illustrated in his portrait 
 (Fig. 102). Observe the magnificent 
 development of this combination of or- 
 gans grouped in the same region of the 
 brain, which are kindred in functional 
 power, embracing Agreeableness, Hu- 
 man Nature, Benevolence, Imitation, 
 
THE FACULTY OF AGREEABLENESS. 
 
 83 
 
 Causality, Comparison and Mirthful- 
 ness, and the power of which were ex- 
 hibited so beautifully in his character 
 and life's history. The mark of differ- 
 entiated development between this com- 
 bination of organs in the head of the 
 Preadamite man (Fig*. 101), and that 
 of Ingersoll, Laurier, Darwin or Spen- 
 cer, is as striking as the difference in 
 the degrees of their psychic manifesta- 
 
 ables a person to be pliable, conciliatory, 
 smooth and winning in manners, per- 
 sonal bearing and influence among 
 those with whom he comes in personal 
 contact. 
 
 Persons in whom the organs of 
 Agreeableness, Benevolence and Ap- 
 probativeness are large, and with Self- 
 Esteem only moderate or average, pos- 
 sess and manifest unselfish, polished. 
 
 Fig. 102. 
 Col. Robert G. Ingersoll. 
 Large^head, a fine intellect, large form, large language and oratorical power. Strong Vital Temperament 
 
 tions. The quality, character and 
 the different degrees of psycho- 
 logical power manifested by the Pre- 
 adamite man and Robert G. Ingersoll 
 are perfect corresponding concomitants 
 of the differences in the size, quality 
 and configuration of their brains. 
 
 The functional manifestation -of the 
 organ of Agreeableness is suavity, 
 blandness, persuasiveness, agreeable 
 adaptability and conformity in manners, 
 and sweetness of disposition. It en- 
 
 refined and agreeable manners ; if Self- 
 Esteem is large, they often exhibit a 
 condescending and patronizing disposi- 
 tion; and if Secretiveness is large they 
 sometimes lead people to suspect their 
 sincerity in statement and manner. 
 
 When this organ is small, and De- 
 structiveness and Combativeness are 
 large, it gives a disagreeable, stern and 
 positive expression to the face. It is il- 
 lustrated as moderately developed in 
 Figs. 30 and 50, and very small in 
 
64 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 Figs. 48 and 61, It is large in Fig-. 49, 
 the pickpocket, and full in Fig-. 51, the 
 notorious confidence man. 
 
 This faculty is highly essential to the 
 clergyman and physician, and most im- 
 portant to the salesman on the road and 
 behind the counter. The manifestation 
 of this faculty is universally acceptable, 
 but more essential to those whose occu- 
 pations require constant intercourse 
 with people. 
 
 I have known men in whom this or- 
 sran was small and their manner of ad- 
 dress was so abrupt, disagreeable and 
 repulsive that they were universally dis- 
 liked. It is difficult for those who are 
 so constituted to play the part of the 
 agreeable, even under ,the most favor- 
 able circumstances. Some men think 
 they cannot push their business success- 
 fully unless they are cross and disagree- 
 able to their employes. I once knew a 
 man in whom the organ of Agreeable- 
 ness was very small, and the organs of 
 Acquisitiveness, Combativeness and 
 Self-Esteem were large. Thus, he was 
 most energetic, industrious, grasping 
 and close-fisted and exasperatingly ex- 
 acting and disagreeable to his em- 
 ployes. One of his men told me that he 
 
 believed Mr. lay awake 
 
 nights studying how to make the peo- 
 ple about him miserable and get more 
 work out of his employes. 
 
 Those in whom the organs of Agree- 
 ableness and Approbativeness are small 
 and the organs of Benevolence, Firm- 
 ness and Combativeness are large, will 
 perform benevolent deeds in a most 
 disagreeable manner. On the other 
 hand, those who possess large Agree- 
 ableness, Benevolence, Self-Esteem and 
 Firmness, will bestow charity in a most 
 kindly and acceptable manner. 
 
 This faculty inspires man with the 
 impulse of good fellowship, and gives 
 him a pliable, smooth, harmonious af- 
 fability among men. 
 
 THE ANTI-PRHENOLOGIST. 
 
 The anti-phrenologists are those who 
 deny that phrenology is a science. This 
 class of people are those who have 
 never been instructed in its teachings; 
 therefore know nothing of its claims as 
 a scientific psychology of the human 
 mind. The pedant who is a member of 
 this class of opponents is ever ready, 
 without mental reservation whatever, to 
 denounce phrenology in most extrava- 
 gant and unmeasured terms; but when 
 plied with a few appropriate questions 
 as to his objections to the science it be- 
 comes apparent at once that they 
 are neither founded on fact nor 
 logic, and are nothing more than the 
 empty assertions of a pedantic preten- 
 der to knowledge that he does not pos- 
 sess. 
 
 Fig. 103. 
 
 Vertical section of the skull and brain, 
 
 Showing the close conformation of the skull to the brain 
 
 The chief objection and most power- 
 ful weapon that has been relied upon by 
 most opponents to vanquish the claims 
 of phrenology, as a subject of serious 
 consideration from the field of scientific 
 research, has been the varying shades of 
 thicknesses of skulls, which would pre- 
 vent a correct measurement of the ex- 
 act size of the brain. This objection 
 has been practically withdrawn by 
 physiologists and is no longer con- 
 sidered valid. Professor George M. 
 Humphrey, of Cambridge University, 
 
THE ANTI-PHRENOLOGIST. 
 
 85 
 
 in his treatise on the Human Skull (p. 
 207), freely admits the correspondence 
 between the skull and brain, and fur- 
 ther adds: "The arguments against 
 phrenology must be of a deeper kind 
 than to convince any one who has care- 
 fully considered the subject." Observe 
 Fig. 103 and see how closely the skull 
 conforms to the brain, and how uni- 
 form the thickness of the skull. It 
 
 much live substance, and as capable of 
 adapting itself to the requirements of 
 the brain's form and growth as the 
 nails are to the growth and form of the 
 fingers. In the growth and expansion 
 of the skull the same natural process of 
 circulating, assimilating and absorbing 
 of material for the reorganization of its 
 fibres is going on, as is continually 
 going on in the nervous and muscular 
 
 Fig-. 104. 
 Rev. Dr. Lyman Abbott. 
 Mental Temperament, Magnificent Intellectual and Moral developments 
 
 should be remembered that the skull is 
 made for the brain and not the brain 
 for the skull; thus it is as natural for 
 the skull to conform to the growth and 
 shape of the brain as for the shell to 
 conform to the shape of the egg, or the 
 bark to a tree. The continued physio- 
 logical changes that are going on in 
 the bony material indicate that it is as 
 
 organization ; not, however, with the 
 same degree of activity, owing to the 
 nature of the solidity of the bony sub- 
 stance. Hence, it can be readily seen 
 from a purely physiological standpoint 
 how a given organ of the brain can be 
 cultivated and increased in size and 
 power of activity to a degree that it will 
 cause the skull to gradually yield to its 
 
86 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 requirements for more space for its in- 
 creased functional operations. 
 
 I am often asked the question if it is 
 possible to cultivate a weak faculty un- 
 til its organ would show a visible in- 
 crease in size on the outer surface of 
 the head. That it will has been demon- 
 strated beyond a doubt. In the 
 course of my professional examinations 
 I have made some most interesting ob- 
 servations and discoveries by way of 
 verifying this most important fact. I 
 have examined the heads of men in 
 whom I found a particular organ devel- 
 oped to a degree and form that gave 
 every evidence of culture, and so stated 
 my opinion to my clients, who readily 
 corroborated my observation by telling 
 me that they had followed the vocation 
 to which that particular organs relates 
 for many years. 
 
 In the course of from fifteen to 
 twenty years close application to the 
 education and culture of a faculty, the 
 organ to which it is related will show a 
 corresponding increase in the peri- 
 pheral expansion at the point of its lo- 
 cation on the head. 
 
 Another objection that is sometimes 
 raised against phrenology is that it 
 teaches fatalism and leads to material- 
 ism. If its lessons teach fatalism and 
 lead to materialism, phrenology is not 
 responsible for what it leads to as a sci- 
 ence, as it only interprets the facts as 
 they are found in nature. That nature 
 has determined certain limits to mental 
 power and acquirement is manifestly 
 clear to every student of human nature, 
 a fact which has been demonstrated, 
 and is being demonstrated in every uni- 
 versity and college that the teacher 
 cannot furnish with lessons and in- 
 struction, the talent nature failed to 
 supply. Therefore, the student can 
 never, with even the stimulus of atten- 
 tive, persistent mental application, do 
 more than improve the weak faculty to 
 the degree proportionate to its natural 
 functional power. The fate of heredit- 
 ary law decreed the limit of its suscepti- 
 bility to improvement, as well as its 
 natural power of function. 
 
 Professor Ferrier says upon this 
 point : "We are apt to be carried away 
 with the vague notion that there is no 
 limit to acquirement, except our defect 
 of application on some other curable 
 weakness of our own. There are, how- 
 ever, very manifest limits. We are all 
 blockheads in something; some of us 
 fail in mechanical aptitude, some in 
 music, some in language, some in sci- 
 ence, memory, in one of their lines of 
 capacity is a rope of sand; there must 
 be in each case a deficiency of cerebral 
 substance for that class of connec- 
 tions." 
 
 There are other minor objections 
 that have been raised against the sci- 
 ence which have never been sustained 
 by facts, or logical reasoning ; but space 
 is too limited to treat them here. I re- 
 fer those who desire to see full and 
 complete answers to all the objections 
 that have been lodged against the sci- 
 ence of phrenology to William M. 
 Williams' late work, "Vindication of 
 Phrenology." 
 
 THE PHYSIOGNOMICAL LAN- 
 GUAGE OF THE PHRENOLO- 
 GICAL ORGANS AS EX- 
 PRESSED IN THE HU- 
 MAN HEAD AND 
 FACE, 
 
 Physiognomy deals with the science 
 of human nature as it is expressed in 
 the natural language of the phrenolo- 
 gical organs by the configuration of 
 the human head and face. « 
 
 However, in its broadest sense, 
 physiognomy gives an interpretation 
 of the language indicated in the forms 
 of objects and things in general. The 
 face of nature presents to man's view 
 her varied forms of objects and fea- 
 tures which stimulate his observation 
 and excite his wonder and enthuse 
 him with admiration ; but limited space 
 restricts my observation here to the 
 human head and face. 
 
PHYSIOGNAMY AND TEMPERAMENT. 
 
 87 
 
 The law of differentiation has set its 
 mark of individuality upon the form of 
 every man's head and face. 
 
 There are no two heads or faces ex- 
 actly alike; this is universally admitted. 
 Thus, character as a concomitant to the 
 head, face and body sustains a perfect 
 corresponding relation. The refined, 
 classical features of E. Burton Holmes 
 (Fig. 28) present a striking contrast 
 to the cast of countenance represented 
 in the portraits of Figs. 21, 22, 23 and 
 Fig. 30. Observe the splendidly formed 
 head and intellectual and refined fea- 
 tures of Francis Willard (Fig. 54), in 
 comparison with the head and face of 
 the woman who represents the Primi- 
 tive Settler (Fig. 105). 
 
 Observe the marked difference be- 
 tween that strong, magnanimous coun- 
 tenance of Professor Billroth (Fig. 
 74) and Figs. 30 and 60. Observe the 
 refined, cultured and kindly expression 
 in the countenance of Judge Murphy 
 (Fig. 25), in comparison with the 
 stern, positive and imperious facial ex- 
 pression of Bismarck, the Iron Chan- 
 cellor (Fig. 39). The clearly defined 
 lines of demarcation are as distinctively 
 drawn between the talents, dispositions 
 and characteristics of men, as their 
 heads. Faces and bodily configuration 
 vary in size, form and quality of tem- 
 perament, etc. 
 
 PHYSIOGNOMY AND TEMPER- 
 AMENT. 
 
 A knowledge of the temperaments is 
 highly essential in the study of physi- 
 ognomy, as the tpye of temperament 
 corresponds with and determines cer- 
 tain clearly defined mental characteris- 
 tics. The Motive Temperament, for 
 example, is combined with a special 
 group of organs, embracing Firmness, 
 Self-Esteem, Combativeness, Individ- 
 uality and Comparison. The organs 
 of Approbativeness, Agreeableness, 
 Mirthfulness and Ideality on the other 
 hand, are not so strongly marked ; thus 
 the distinguishing features of the face 
 are a long, stiff, upper lip, and some- 
 times a tufted or shaggy projecting 
 
 brow, prominent cheek bones, a strong 
 nose, often aquiline in form, and an 
 angular and rugged chin, thus giving 
 a strong masculine, aggressive, stern 
 expression to the countenance. 
 
 The temperaments are fully defined 
 and illustrated on pages 16 to 25. 
 OF The hair. 
 
 That the human hair betokens char- 
 acter to a degree corresponding with 
 the importance of its relation to the 
 human body, there can be no doubt. 
 Therefore, its importance as an index 
 to the temperamental conditions of the 
 
 Fig. 105. 
 
 A Primitive Settler, A narrow, small forehead, 
 
 unimproved intellect 
 
 human organization is highly essen- 
 tial in the analysis of character. The 
 texture of the hair corresponds with 
 the very fiber of bone, muscle and 
 brain which is in accordance with that 
 harmonizing law of homogenity. 
 
 The stronger and more decided col- 
 ors of hair are termed black, dark 
 brown, red. reddish-brown or auburn, 
 golden and ash colored, with a great 
 variety of shadings in these decided 
 colors. 
 
 Dark hair indicates strength and 
 power; when very black, straight and 
 lanky, it betokens melancholy, depres- 
 sion, a snivelling or a groaning, whin- 
 ing disposition, always burdened with 
 
88 
 
 HOW rO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 despondent ideas and depiciting our 
 
 eternal future with gloom and sadness. 
 Whatever of enjoyment or pleasure 
 that is taken by a person so constitut- 
 ed, is veiled with an air of quietude 
 and despondency that leads many per- 
 sons to seriously doubt if they really 
 do enjoy themselves at all. Fortunate- 
 ly, this class of blue-black, straight- 
 haired people, who are intolerant and 
 overbearing- toward the weakness of 
 others is not numerous. We rarely 
 meet the purely melancholic face; but 
 its modified forms are quite numerous 
 among the various shades of dark- 
 haired people. 
 
 Dark hair which has a tendency to 
 curl indicates a lively, ardent, affection- 
 ate and merry disposition — a warm 
 temperament, decided and passionate, 
 according to the shade of the hair. 
 Dark and very curly hair denotes 
 strong impulses, affection and a quick 
 temper, but soon over and generously 
 forgiving. 
 
 Straight, smooth, brown hair with 
 its variety of shades and hues, is very 
 characteristic. Those who possess any 
 of these shades of brown hair are more 
 or less of a romantic and sentimental 
 cast of mind, fond of travel, broad and 
 liberal-minded, yet firm in conviction 
 and decided in opinion. They are often 
 extravagant and prodigal in their ex- 
 penditure, more through an impulsive 
 good nature than from any other 
 cause. Brown hair when smooth, soft 
 and pliable, denotes fine sensibilities 
 and a sympathetic disposition, and oft- 
 en strongly marked femfmine attrib- 
 utes; strong friendship, love of society 
 and a desire to please; ample self-con- 
 fidence without conceit. They are cau- 
 tious in manner, sensitive to criticism 
 and sometimes quick-tempered. 
 
 Dark, coarse, stiff hair indicates a 
 coarse temperament; thus a corre- 
 spondingly rugged character and 
 coarse, rough, blunt manners. 
 
 RED HAIR. 
 
 Red, or reddish hair, indicates 
 strength of animal force, bodily en- 
 ergy and mental activity, which are es- 
 sential to. and if properly directed to a 
 profession, lead to success. 
 
 The fair-haired blond individuals 
 manifest marked vivacity, intensity of 
 feeling, are impulsive and often discon- 
 tented, and frequently possess desires 
 for things they cannot precisely de- 
 fine. They are restless and lack the 
 power of application; fond of amuse- 
 ment, and the lighter shaded blondes 
 are often dreamers, listless and moony. 
 They are affectionate but not con- 
 stant. Their impulsive natures are 
 easily influenced and swayed by cir- 
 cumstances. They are active but not 
 powerful, more observing than re- 
 flective, more brilliant than deep. They 
 are easily put off the main line and 
 side-tracked; readily change from one 
 thing to another ; as a rule, they are 
 weak in the power of persistent appli- 
 cation. 
 
 The pliability, softness or harshness 
 of the hair has an important signifi- 
 cance, a knowledge of which is most 
 valuable to the Physiognomist. Fine, 
 silky hair reveals a very different type 
 of temperament and character from 
 coarse, harsh, stiff hair, such as you 
 would find on persons as repre- 
 sented in Figs. 21 and 22. The pos- 
 sessors of these soft, hair types are fine 
 grained, highly strung and sensitive. 
 They are fond of literature and readily 
 respond with a keen appreciation to 
 music. 
 
 THE EYEBROWS AND SCENERY AROUND 
 THEM. 
 
 The form and extent of the growth 
 of the eyebrows contribute an import- 
 ant significance to many traits peculiar 
 to human nature. The thickness and 
 extent of the eyebrows indicate and aid 
 the student of physiognomy in determ- 
 ining the temperamental conditions 
 and their influence upon mental mani- 
 festation. 
 
 The meeting and separation of the 
 eyebrows are regarded by observers of 
 human nature as most characteristic 
 siens of traits of character. 
 
 The meeting of the eyebrows is sig- 
 nificant of a tricky, untrustworthy 
 character. Those who possess this 
 
THE EYE BROWS. 
 
 form of eyebrows should be looked 
 upon with suspicion; they surely lack 
 open candor and frankness, and with 
 alluring temptations yield readily to 
 dishonest acts. 
 
 The meeting* of the eyebrows is 
 sufficient to put the observer on his 
 guard. 
 
 On the other hand an extended space 
 between the eyebrows betokens an 
 open, frank, unsuspecting nature; a 
 clearly defined characteristic which 
 cannot be doubted. Self-conviction 
 will come to the reader with self-ob- 
 servation of the fact. 
 
 The gracefully curved eyebrows in- 
 dicate delicacy and tenderness of feel- 
 ing, artistic talent, refined taste and 
 sentiment. The curved eyebrows 
 should not be too high above the eyes; 
 they tell of weakness and indecision of 
 character. The graceful, curving and 
 drooping eyebrows are pretty, but are 
 not marked types of strong will pow- 
 er. They are more indicative of fine 
 breeding, taste, culture and refinement. 
 
 The full and rather straight eyebrow 
 is more practical than theoretical. 
 Those who possess this form of eye- 
 brow are close observers, gather facts 
 readily and apply them with good judg- 
 ment. 
 
 Those who possess uneven, untidy, 
 shaggy, bushy eyebrows on firm brows 
 are men who are often endowed with 
 great force of character, but careless of 
 personal appearances. The drooping 
 brow denotes sadness and melancholy. 
 The rising of the brow at the points 
 near the temples indicates an aptitude 
 for figures. 
 
 It may be accepted as a rule that 
 strongly marked eyebrows are indica- 
 tive of decision, stability of character 
 and strong mental power. Charles Dar- 
 win (Fig. 73) possessed a very strong 
 and significant brow. 
 
 THE FORMS AND COLOR OF THE EYES. 
 
 The black eye is not very common, 
 which is most fortunate for the human 
 race. It is untrustworthy, artful, craf- 
 ty, and not to be commended except for 
 its fiery, bold glances. It indicates ar- 
 dent affection and strong passion; an 
 indomitable, uncompromising will and 
 
 an overbearing, high tempered disposi- 
 tion. The villain in the play is gener- 
 ally the black haired, black eyed, "bold, 
 bad man," with dark complexion. 
 
 He is the fearless ruffian, bold buc- 
 caneer and free-booter, with roving, 
 fierce, fiery black eyes. Eyes that are 
 black and brows that unite over thick, 
 heavy, hanging lids and slightly de- 
 pressed nose, indicate brutality and 
 sensuality. Observe Fig. 106. 
 
 The brown eyes merit a more favor- 
 able consideration than the black ones. 
 The brown eye is an excellent charac- 
 teristic. It indicates love and affection, 
 energy and courage; when accompa- 
 nied with good brows, steady, pene- 
 trating glances from such orbs are very 
 
 .^» f& 
 
 Fig. 106. 
 
 Turner, who was executed for the murder of a young woman 
 
 in Louisville, Ky., in 1887. A coarse, brutal 
 
 head and face 
 
 fascinating. The changing hues of 
 these eyes sometimes forecast a fickle, 
 impulsive temperament, with strong 
 passions, and a rather quick temper. 
 The happy possessor of brown eyes is 
 as a general rule honest and fair in his 
 dealings. 
 
 The dark-flecked, full, round eyes 
 that look you boldly and squarely in the 
 face are the orbs which can be trusted ; 
 but they are sometimes inclined to trifle 
 in love affairs, and look upon a flirta- 
 tion as an enjoyable pastime. 
 
90 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 Brown eyes oftentimes indicate an 
 irritable disposition, especially if the 
 hairs of the brows project out where 
 they intersect at the root of the nose. 
 
 The big", round, full, open, clear, 
 brown eyes undoubtedly are the most 
 interesting and fascinating in the op- 
 posite sex. The}' are more admired 
 and complimented than all the colors 
 and hues represented in the human eye. 
 
 BLUE EYES. 
 
 There are different shades of blue 
 eyes. The dark, keen, penetrating blue 
 eye, the pale, bright blue eye, and the 
 glassy, blue eye, which is represented in 
 Fig. 23. This shade of blue indicates 
 envy, jealousy and a cunning, design- 
 ing, unscrupulous disposition. They 
 are found often among thieves, confi- 
 dence men and murderers. Those who 
 possess the glassy blue eye should be 
 looked upon with suspicion. 
 
 The soft, gentle, sad blue eye indi- 
 cates tender affection and a confiding 
 disposition. Their appealing, loving, 
 winning and sympathetic expressive 
 glances penetrate the very soul like Cu- 
 pid's darts. To resist them is impossi- 
 ble, to look into them thrills the heart 
 with a sweet, responsive affection that 
 haunts one like a dream. 
 
 The large, bright, intelligent blue 
 eye is much to be admired; how they 
 sometimes dazzle and bewilder, now 
 melting, and now softly glance with 
 sympathy and love; then flash with 
 scorn, and then swim in tears. They 
 sparkle with humor, and delight with 
 a meaning you never forget. 
 
 The poets have drawn inspiration 
 from the blue eyes, as you will see from 
 the following beautiful lines : 
 
 "Brown her curls are, and her eyes, . 
 In whose depths Love's heaven lies, 
 Owe their color to the skies." 
 
 — Anon. 
 
 Mrs. Osgood gives praise in the fol- 
 lowing lines to the eyes that borrow 
 their light from the azure skies : 
 
 "Those laughing orbs that borrow 
 From azure skies the light they wear 
 
 Are like heaven — no sorrow 
 Can float o'er hues so fair." 
 
 GRAY EYES. 
 
 Gray eyes indicate intelligence, bril- 
 liancy and an aptitude in the acquisi- 
 tion of knowledge. They are some 
 times found among the criminal classes 
 of the worst type for the reason that 
 they are bright, sharp and keen in ob- 
 servation, and ready and versatile in the 
 application of knowledge. They are 
 bold and daring in the extreme; will 
 carry their plans through at any risk; 
 but when the moral faculties are strong 
 and their talents are directed in the 
 proper channel, they usually rise above 
 the common level of intelligence to a 
 position of prominence. The gray eye 
 can be relied upon for shrewdness and 
 talent which is manifested in some di- 
 rection, good or bad. If good, very 
 good ; if bad, very bad. 
 
 HAZEL EYES. 
 
 The dark, hazel eye is beautiful and 
 full of platonic sentiment. It is true 
 and reliable. Those who possess the 
 hazel eye are sometimes fickle and 
 quick-tempered ; but their intentions are 
 honorable and well meaning. They 
 have more of good to their balance than 
 evil. You can safely sing the praises 
 of the hazel eyes. 
 
 THE NOSE AND ITS CHARAC- 
 TERISTICS. 
 
 The prominent position occupied by 
 the nose in the human face gives to the 
 physiognomist a splendid view of the 
 distinguishing traits of character it rep- 
 resents. 
 
 The evolutionary development of the 
 diminutive pug nose of the infant up to 
 maturity corresponds with the gradual 
 development of the psychic forces as 
 they mold themselves into well defined 
 
THE NOSE INDICATES CHARACTER. 
 
 91 
 
 traits of character which are represent- 
 ed in its size and configuration. The 
 snub nose, protruding lips and project- 
 ing teeth of the Irish biddy tell of her 
 coarse, uncultured ancestry and unfa- 
 vorable environments. Observe the 
 striking contrast between the refined 
 Grecian type of nose as represented in 
 the portraits of Fig. 92 and Fig. 104; 
 also observe the culture and refinement 
 so clearly represented in the portrait of 
 Frances Willard (Fig. 56) and the low 
 type of the untutored mind of the Prim- 
 itive Settler (Fig. 105). One has de- 
 scended through the filtering process of 
 education, culture and refinement for 
 many generations, while the other is 
 the crude, simple product of an inferior 
 grade of uncultured ancestry, which 
 was more closely identified with the 
 Ape family than the higher type of the 
 race she represents — vulgarity and the 
 low, vicious traits of character which 
 are the products of a long line of an- 
 cestors, whose brains were never stimu- 
 lated to action by education, culture and 
 the refinements of civilization. Ob- 
 serve the coarse, brutal nose and mouth 
 in combination in Fig. 106, in contrast 
 with that strongly and well formed 
 nose and mouth of Richard Wagner 
 (Fig. 63). 
 
 The low, cunning, vicious and vulgar 
 animal instincts which are unrestrained 
 by the higher intellectual and moral fac- 
 ulties portray themselves with well de- 
 fined impressions in the contour and 
 lines of the face. 
 
 The nose may be classed under four 
 general heads: — 
 
 First — The Roman Nose. 
 
 Second — The Greek Nose. 
 
 Third— The Jewish Nose. 
 
 Fourth — The Celestial Nose. 
 
 The Roman nose indicates energy, 
 and ability to battle down and sur- 
 mount obstructing obstacles. It is the 
 nose of the warrior, the leader and 
 pioneer. Julius Caesar, Lucretius, 
 Cato, Napoleon, Charlemagne, Colum- 
 bus, Charles V. of Spain, Lord Wel- 
 lington, Andrew Jackson, Thomas H. 
 Benton, Gen. Winfield Scott, Gen. 
 Taylor, Gen. Sherman and Gen. Sheri- 
 dan, all possessed the Roman type of 
 nose. 
 
 The Greek nose betokens refinement, 
 taste, a love for the beautiful in art and 
 nature. This form of nose received its 
 name from the art loving Greeks whose 
 sculptors gave this beautiful type of 
 nose to their deities, and we find it 
 beautifully chiseled upon the faces of 
 Apollo, Juno and Venus. 
 
 The Jewish nose is strictly the com- 
 mercial nose, which is one of the dis- 
 tinguishing physiognomical features of 
 this remarkable race of people in whom 
 the commercial faculty is a predomin- 
 ating and ruling instinct. The convex 
 form and the marked width of the nose 
 at the middle section corresponds with 
 the marked width of his head at the 
 point where the organs of Acquisitive- 
 ness and the executive powers are situ- 
 ated. The Jewish head and face fur- 
 nish positive proof and a splendid illus- 
 tration of the truths of phrenology and 
 physiognomy. It is as natural for a 
 Hebrew to make money and accumu- 
 late property as for a duck to swim, or 
 a bee to make honey. This type of nose 
 is not limited to the Jewish race, but it 
 is found to have been distinctly marked 
 in the ancient Phoenicians, who were 
 Syrians. It is maintained by some writ- 
 ers that the Arabs of the present day, 
 who possess this form of nose, have de- 
 scended through the Son of Hagar 
 from Abraham. 
 
 The snub nose indicates weakness 
 and often a very coarse type of charac- 
 ter; with strong propensities for licen- 
 tious habits, vice and crime. This type 
 of nose is splendidly represented in 
 Figs. 105 and 106. It is usually found 
 with coarse, protruding lips. 
 
 The Celestial nose is the inquisitive 
 nose. It is a strong and more refined 
 nose than the snub nose. It is longer 
 and more refined in its outline. It is 
 the converse of the Roman or Jewish 
 type. It is more common among wo- 
 men than men. It denotes an inquisi- 
 tive, curiosity-seeking disposition. It 
 is the nose that is constantly prying 
 into other people's affairs. Those who 
 possess this type of nose often manifest 
 great concern about the little things 
 that pertain to their neighbors' busi- 
 ness. They keep themselves well in- 
 formed upon the current events and 
 
92 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 popular gossip in the neighborhood in 
 
 which they live. It is the nose that 
 takes more interest in other people's af- 
 fairs than its own. It cannot be 
 safely trusted with confidential mat- 
 ters. The snub and Celestial noses are 
 interesting because of the child-like 
 simplicity and weakness of character 
 they represent. These forms of noses 
 when modified by the refining- influences 
 of education and culture, until the out- 
 line of the Grecian type is visible, give 
 grace and refinement to the general 
 mold of the face. 
 
 The nose, the tip of which points 
 downward, represents the apprehensive 
 faculty which forcasts the general trend 
 of events, and the plans and motives of 
 men. 
 
 Fig. 107. 
 The Mouth of a Pessimist, Faultfinder and Chronic Grumbler 
 
 An excessive downward extension of 
 the apprehensive nose denotes de- 
 spondency, melancholy, and foreshad- 
 ows life with darkness and gloom. Ob- 
 serve Fig. 108. The upturned Celestial 
 type represents more of the bright, 
 cheerful sunshine of the present. It 
 borrows no troubles from the future 
 and harbors none of the troubles of the 
 past. Those who possess the Celestial 
 nose take the Scripture literally where 
 it says : "Sufficient unto the day is the 
 evil thereof." 
 
 The American Indian has a strong- 
 nose, strong combative power and ag- 
 gression. Truly the warrior's nose. 
 The breadth of the wings of the nose 
 at the base indicates secretiveness. 
 
 The observer of human nature will 
 not look to the rose in vain for well de- 
 fined traits of character which it as 
 clearly represents as its position is 
 prominent in the human face. 
 
 THE NATURAL LANGUAGE OF 
 
 HUMAN NATURE AS IT IS 
 
 REPRESENTED IN THE 
 
 FORM OF THE MOUTH 
 
 AND LIPS. 
 
 The Mouth may be defined as the 
 aperture in the face through which food 
 passes and the voice is uttered. 
 
 This definition is based upon a state- 
 ment of facts, but a broader definition 
 of the Mouth and Lips than that of a 
 receptacle for food and the utterance of 
 articulate sounds is required -for the 
 whole language of the mouth's silent 
 expressions. The eyes may flash with 
 intelligence and sparkle with wit, cen- 
 sure or blame, frighten or console 
 by a glance, so the mouth and lips may 
 express pleasure, delight, contempt, or 
 pain, disappointment, shame and sor- 
 row without the utterance of a sound. 
 Observe the hard, cold expression on 
 the lips of Fig. 35. 
 
 Orators and actors appreciate the 
 value of facial expression in the play of 
 the lips when they wish to impress upon 
 their audiences the character they rep- 
 resent ; they draw the mouth down with 
 lines that give a melancholy expression 
 to the face, such as is represented in 
 Fig. 1, while the merry clown and hap- 
 py comedian paint a big, wide mouth 
 with mirthfully upturned corners of the 
 lips. Disposition and traits of charac- 
 ter are thus artificially marked because 
 they naturally exist and possess a lan- 
 guage with well defined meaning. 
 
 The most desirable form of mouth 
 is that type which is of medium size, 
 with lips gracefully curved, moderately 
 full and round, and not too firmly 
 closed. Observe this form of mouth in 
 the portrait of Dr. Benjamin Rush 
 (Fig. 79). This form of lip denotes 
 culture and refinement. Gently but 
 firmly closed lips indicate self-control, 
 self-respect and a sense of reserve and 
 dignity of character. Observe Fig. 29. 
 The faculty of firmness is represented 
 in the leneth and firmlv set form of the 
 
THE TEETH, CHIN AND CHARACTER. 
 
 93 
 
 upper lip. Observe the marked length 
 of the upper lip of Herbert Spencer 
 (Fig-. 95), who is noted for his firm- 
 ness. Also observe Mr. Bryan's mouth 
 (Fig. 64). This physiognomical sign 
 gave origin to the old adage, "Keep a 
 stiff upper lip." 
 
 The faculty of Firmness is strongly 
 portrayed in the firmly set lips of Mr. 
 Gladstone (Fig. 29), Bismarck (Fig. 
 39), Mr. Carnegie (Fig. 42), J. Pier- 
 pont Morgan (Fig. 46), Dr. Strong 
 
 7 m 
 
 
 .4 : - 
 
 ■'''•■■■■' ' ■ i 
 
 ,' utz **'A.. 1 
 
 Fig. 108. 
 The Melancholy Face 
 
 (Fig. 59), William Jennings Bryan 
 (Fig. 64), Darwin (Fig. 73)', and Bill- 
 roth (Fig. 74). 
 
 Full, round lips usually indicate af- 
 fection, especially so if they are strong- 
 ly tinted with red. 
 
 The open mouth is the badge of the 
 character it represents; the chatterer 
 and babbler who will talk of anything 
 or nothing rather than not talk at ah. 
 Observe the coarse,- protruding lips of 
 Figs. 80, 81. 
 
 Those who possess full, thick, round, 
 open lips are governed more by their 
 spontaneous emotions than bv prudent. 
 
 deliberate and reflective thought. They 
 are often big-hearted and generous. 
 
 Thin lips denote coldness, selfish- 
 ness, imperiousness and cruelty. While 
 the full, thick lip and large mouth are 
 not admirable in many respects, they 
 are preferable to the closed, thin lipped 
 aperture and square jaw of the hard, 
 flinty expression of the miserly man ; 
 the thin lipped, dry hearted person, 
 who causes one to recoil instinctively 
 from the mink eyes, the peering, sharp 
 look — a man not to> be trusted with ad- 
 vantages that he could use against you 
 — he is. avaricious, cruel and selfish. 
 
 Comments upon the significance of 
 the drooping corners of the melan- 
 choly, pessimistic, grumbling, fault- 
 finding and discontented lips, such as 
 are represented in Fig. 107, in contrast 
 with the uniformly round, upturned, 
 cheerful, good-natured mouth, the 
 form of which is splendidly represented 
 in the mouth of Sol Smith Russell 
 (Fig. 68), could not be enlarged upon, 
 as their characteristics are familiar to 
 every observer of human nature. 
 
 THE TEETH, CHIN AND CHAR- 
 ACTER. 
 
 Good, even, white teeth, covered 
 with well formed lips, are features of 
 great beauty. Discolored, protruding, 
 uneven rows of fangs, uncovered by 
 wide, open, thick, coarse, protruding 
 lips, present a most repelling display of 
 the animal man. 
 
 Men can hide an' ugly set of teeth 
 and coarse lips with a thick moustache, 
 but women have no such veil with 
 which to conceal an ugly mouth, and a 
 set of uneven, yellow, or brownish- 
 looking teeth. 
 
 The teeth require careful attention 
 to be either conducive to health or 
 beauty. 
 
 Parents are often to blame for not 
 looking after their children's teeth. 
 The health of children depends great- 
 ly upon the care and condition of their 
 
94 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 teeth ; and prudent care of the teeth is 
 just as important for the adult as the 
 child. Some teeth are long, and some- 
 times very large; while others are 
 short, even and regular. Sometimes a 
 grin discloses an even set of pearly, 
 white teeth. Some individuals have 
 over-lapping* teeth, incisors and canine 
 teeth; a knowledge of such character- 
 istics as are represented in the teeth is 
 most essential to a student of human 
 nature. 
 
 Avoid the clutches of those who pos- 
 sess projecting" teeth. The underhung 
 jaw and projecting teeth indicate a 
 self-important and snarling sort of 
 person. Teeth that point, or bend, in- 
 wards, instead of being straight, or 
 projecting, indicate a certain degree of 
 shyness and modesty in the individual. 
 Exceptions to this rule may be found, 
 but they are rare. 
 
 Firmness, stability and tenacity of 
 purpose are indicated in the strong, 
 
 Fig. 109. 
 
 Chief James McDonald, Detective Department of the 
 
 Metropolitan Police of Detroit, Mich., Posing 
 
 a criminal for a picture. 
 
 Fig. no. 
 
 Confidence Man and an all round crook, Trying to evade 
 
 the Snapshot of the Photographer 
 
 Projecting teeth are an indication of 
 a selfish, grasping nature. I have 
 known some persons who possessed 
 projecting teeth who were quite liberal- 
 minded, but they were not generous, 
 or self-denying. They pleased them- 
 selves and looked out for number one. 
 Projecting teeth denote a quick tem- 
 per, and quarrelsome, snappy disposi- 
 tion. Observe the manner in which 
 they are displayed in the mouth of the 
 Gorilla Ape (Fig. 96). 
 
 projecting jaw. The wide, round, full, 
 projecting jaw, which is strongly rep- 
 resented in the portrait of William Jen- 
 nings Bryan (Fig. 64), and the char- 
 acteristics of which he has demonstrat- 
 ed to be in perfect harmony with \:\s 
 strong will and uncompromising con- 
 victions. Observe the great contrast 
 between his strong, well developed 
 chin and the narrow, receding 
 and weak chin represented in the por- 
 traits — side and front views — of Figs. 
 
THE EARS. 
 
 95 
 
 80, 81. Observe the small head, weak 
 face and coarse mouth. The differ- 
 ence between the strength of will pow- 
 er and intellectual ability of Mr. Bryan 
 and Fig. 80 is just as clearly defined as 
 the difference is marked between their 
 heads and faces. One represents de- 
 cided strength and power of mind and 
 body, while the other weakness of 
 body and mental development. 
 
 A full, well rounded chin indicates 
 a sound heart and a good, steady cir- 
 culation. Full, plump and firm cheeks 
 
 portrait of Roscoe Conkling (Fig. 75), 
 who was noted for his conceit and van- 
 ity, as well as for his great mental 
 power and brilliancy, which are splen- 
 didly illustrated in that magnificent 
 head and face. Observe that strong, 
 downward, protruding chin that give 9 
 that proud, vain expression to his hand- 
 some face. 
 
 A small chin betokens a timid na- 
 ture, and small, receding chins are 
 never found on truly great and mag- 
 nanimous characters. 
 
 Fig. in. 
 
 Murderess, Killed her Husband, 
 
 Wide head, Large Destruc- 
 
 tiveness. Low narrow 
 
 forehead 
 
 Fig. 112. 
 Murderess, Killed her Husband, 
 Wide head. A Cold Hearted, 
 Selfish Mouth 
 
 Fig. 113 
 
 Murderess, poisened her Husband, 
 
 Large Destructiveness and 
 
 a Villainous eye 
 
 indicate good digestion and health. 
 Thin cheeks denote an imperfect diges- 
 tion and a poor assimilating power. 
 
 A bony, thin chin indicates firmness, 
 decision, one who is moderate, steady, 
 persevering, and usually temperate in 
 his habits; thus pre-supposes a sharp 
 temper. 
 
 Flat chins are indicative of coldness 
 of temperament, a dry heart, flinty, 
 egotistical disposition. If the cheek 
 bones are high they are close fisted and 
 stingy, and their main object is money 
 making; very high cheek bones often 
 point to untrustworthy traits of char- 
 acter. 
 
 A pointed chin denotes a self-import- 
 ant disposition. Sometimes very sel- 
 fish and domineering. 
 
 A long chin, projecting more down- 
 ward than outward, indicates large 
 Self-Esteem; hence a marked distance 
 from the crown of the head to the 
 point of the chin. 
 
 I have never observed an exception 
 to the significance of this development 
 of the head and chin, which is splen- 
 didlv illustrated in Fig. 1 and in the 
 
 A very large chin with a heavy an- 
 gle at the jaw r denotes strong animal 
 instincts, and bull-dog grit and pluck. 
 A double chin indicates a jovial, good 
 natured disposition, with tendencies 
 strongly sensual, and fond of good 
 meals and generally an easy time. 
 
 The double chin and full cheeks are 
 largely the effects of over-indulgence. 
 
 A square chin with a dent under- 
 neath on the line of the bone, denotes 
 quick decision, firmness and sometimes 
 obstinacy, even with a warm tempera- 
 ment. 
 
 THE EARS. 
 
 Large ears indicate rather a coarse 
 temperament. 
 
 Small ears indicate a more refined 
 temperament, but not so affectionate. 
 
 Ears that lie closelv to the head in- 
 dicate shyness and sentimentalitv, 
 especially so if the ears are rather small. 
 Upright ears indicate courage and 
 strength. 
 
 Ears that stand out from the head 
 indicate crueltv. 
 
96 
 
 HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD AND FACE. 
 
 Fig. 114. 
 
 This Hand Indicates the Vital Temperament 
 
 Fig 116. 
 This Hand Indicates the Mental Temperament 
 
 . ; 
 
 4 ■§ mm. 
 
 \ 
 
 Fig. H5- 
 This Hand Indicates the Motive Temperament 
 
 Fig. n7 
 This Hand Indicates the Vital. Motive and Mental Temperaments 
 
GESTURES, HAND SHAKING AND GAIT. 
 
 97 
 
 GESTURES, HAND SHAKING 
 AND GAIT. 
 
 The manner in which people gesticu- 
 late, shake hands and walk indicates 
 their natural tendencies and leading 
 characteristics. The style and manner 
 in which people dress themselves be- 
 token character in its diversified mani- 
 festations. 
 
 The manner of walk and general 
 bearing exhibits the characteristics to a 
 marked degree. In proportion as two 
 persons conform to the same gait, just 
 to that extent their characteristics and 
 dispositions correspond. For example, 
 you see a person walking ahead of you 
 on the street; his size, height and gen- 
 eral personality suggest a familiar 
 figure. You hasten your gait and over- 
 take him, and to your surprise you dis- 
 cover a stranger in place of the expected 
 friend. Follow him up and studv him 
 and you will be impressed with the fact 
 that your mistaken identity was caused 
 by their similarity of characteristics and 
 general personality. 
 
 Firmness is distinctly manifested in 
 the walk. Those who possess a marked 
 development of this faculty walk heav- 
 ily upon their heels; and if the organs 
 of Destructiveness and Combativeness 
 are large, they walk rapidly and heavily 
 upon their heels. 
 
 Those who possess large Self-Esteem 
 walk erect, and if very large throw 
 themselves back and carry themselves 
 with great and self-important dignity, 
 and sometimes with a proud, haughty 
 and disdainful air, that demonstrates 
 their ruling instinct. 
 
 Those who are cautious and prudent 
 walk correspondingly careful and ten- 
 der footed ; selecting the streets, roads 
 and by-paths of least resistance. Those 
 in whom the organs of Combativeness 
 and Self-Esteem are large, and Cau- 
 tiousness and Secretiveness small, walk 
 in a careless, reckless, noisy, boisterous 
 manner; can hear them coming before 
 you see them. A noisy, boisterous hub- 
 bub is music to them, and they can't un- 
 derstand why it is not music to every- 
 body. 
 
 The public speaker who possesses 
 large Combativeness, Firmness, Self- 
 Esteem, Language and an active, vola- 
 tile temperament, aits the air with 
 strongly, accentuated gesticulations, 
 and fills it with explosive eloquence. 
 
 The tall, broad-shouldered, bluster- 
 ing man, who stands with feet apart, 
 vigorously gesticulating with his hand 
 or stick, will bluff" you if he 
 can by shouting at you if you let him. 
 He would prefer a hammer and nails to 
 the screw-driver and screws, or a trip- 
 hammer to a vise. 
 
 Fig. 118. 
 One Hemisphere of the Brain 
 
 Those who possess large Secretive- 
 ness and Firmness, walk very lightly 
 and make little noise when mioving 
 about. It is the characteristic gait of 
 the sneak thief, and those who are cun- 
 ning, sly and foxy, and look at you 
 through the corners of their eyes. The 
 American Indian manifests the cau- 
 tious, secretive disposition in his walk. 
 Those who have a slow, sneaky, noise- 
 less gait provoke suspicion, and justly 
 so, for their sense of honesty and in- 
 tegrity cannot safely be trusted. 
 
 The man who is imbued with small 
 or moderate Self-Esteem, and possesses 
 large Cautiousness and Benevolence, 
 gets out of everybody's way, and if Ap- 
 probativeness is large he is kind and 
 patronizing in address and manners. 
 He is generally the dupe of designing 
 people. 
 
 Persons in whom the organs of 
 Ideality and Order are strongly de- 
 veloped are tasty and neat in their dress 
 and personal appearance. 
 
HOW TO READ THE HUMAN HEAD ( AND FACE. 
 
 THE HAND SHAKE. 
 
 A firm, cordial grip in the hand shake 
 indicates strong friendship and affec- 
 tion. Those who extend to yon a cold, 
 clammy hand, and allow yon to give the 
 grip and do the shaking, are cold and 
 selfish in the extreme. These outward 
 manifestations of the different faculties 
 of the mind can he readily traced to 
 their origin, which is in the organs of 
 the brain, and with careful observation 
 and study can be read like a book. 
 
 Those in whom the Vital Tempera- 
 ment prevails, usually possess strong 
 social tendencies, which are manifested 
 in a warm, cordial hand shake. This 
 temperament is splendidly illustratted 
 in the hand of Fig. 114. 
 
 : 
 
 Fig. 119. 
 A very low wide Head, Strong Criminal Tendences 
 
 A person in whom the Motive Tem- 
 perament prevails, the type of which is 
 given in the hand, and strongly illus- 
 trated in Fig. 115, generally gives a 
 friendly, cordial grip in shaking hands, 
 the sincerity of which can be relied 
 upon, especially if the back-head is 
 strongly developed. 
 
 The friendly, cordial greeting with 
 the hand shake is not so strongly ac- 
 centuated in those who possess the 
 Mental Temperament as those in whom 
 the Motive and Vital Temperaments 
 prevail; there are, however, sometimes 
 exceptions to the rule, as the faculty of 
 Friendship may be strongly developed 
 and manifested by those who have this 
 type of temperament, which is illus- 
 trated in the hand of Fig. 116. 
 
 THE PRACTICAL ADVANTAGES 
 OF PHRENOLOGY IN THE 
 CULTIVATION AND RE- 
 STRAINT OF THE PRO- 
 PENSITIES, SENTI- 
 MENTS AND INTEL- 
 LECTUAL FAC- 
 ULTIES. 
 
 What are the advantages of a knowl- 
 edge of Phrenology? This question is 
 often asked by those who are not ac- 
 quainted with the truths and claims of 
 the science; the value and importance 
 of which can only be measured by a 
 correct: knowledge of the facts and 
 principles upon which it is founded. 
 
 First in importance is its application 
 in the acquisition of self-knowledge, 
 self-culture and self -refinement. 
 
 Fig. 120. 
 A Disobedient and Wayward Youth 
 
 Second, an application of its princi- 
 ples in the education, discipline and cul- 
 ture of the juvenile mind. 
 
 Third, a knowledge of which gives 
 great aid in the understanding and in 
 the treatment of criminals and the 
 insane. 
 
 Fourth, the man who understands 
 his own natural capabilities, and how 
 to develop them to the full limit of their 
 power is prepared to enter the arena of 
 competitive action and battle down op- 
 position, and grasp the opportunities of 
 life and attain to a higher degree of 
 success and achievement in whatever 
 channel of professional, commercial, or 
 mechanical industry he may operate, 
 than the man who is not equipped with 
 a correct knowledge of human nature. 
 
THE PRACTICAL ADVANTAGES OF PHRENOLOGY. 
 
 99 
 
 The defects that have existed and 
 now prevail in our educational institu- 
 tions from the common school to the 
 university, are traceable directly to the 
 imperfect systems employed by the ped- 
 agogue, whose knowledge of human 
 nature is as imperfect as his system of 
 education is deficient. The success of 
 a system of education corresponds to 
 the extent to which it is founded upon 
 the physio-psycholocigal organization 
 of man. 
 
 Parents and teachers attempt to edu- 
 cate the boy wholly regardless of his 
 natural talent, aptitude or fitness for 
 the pursuit to which he is best adapted. 
 The evolution of the physio-psychol- 
 ogy of man determines his talents, and 
 the pursuits to which he is best adapted, 
 and to which his education should con- 
 form to the minutest detail. 
 
 An effort to educate a boy for the 
 pulpit, law or medicine whom nature 
 designed for a "hewer of wood and 
 drawer of water," is a blunder that 
 proves fatal to his success. 
 
 The man who follows the pursuit to 
 which his strongest talents are most 
 perfectly adapted can attain to the full 
 measure of his strength of body and 
 mind, and enjoy the highest degree of 
 happiness possible to his constitution. 
 On the other hand, the man who se- 
 lects a profession, craft, or business to 
 which his strongest talents are not 
 adapted will correspondingly fail of 
 success to the degree his talents are 
 not fitted for his chosen pursuit. 
 
 When a man has devoted a given tal- 
 ent to the pursuit to which it is related, 
 and surmounted all obstructing obsta- 
 cles in his ascension of the ladder of 
 success, he can feel certain that he 
 adopted and followed the pursuit to 
 which his innate talents were best 
 adapted. 
 
 A few men are equally strong in all 
 the various channels of human indus- 
 try, but the majority of men are mis- 
 fits professionally and commercially. 
 Phrenology points out the strongest 
 talents and characteristics in people, 
 and the pursuit to which they are best 
 fitted, and the course of education and 
 training that is required for the 
 
 strongest development of their best 
 talents. 
 
 The professions, sciences, and arts 
 call for the strongest and most select 
 and appropriate talent that human na- 
 ture and culture can produce. 
 
 The man who over-reaches his abil- 
 ity is a failure; and the one who op- 
 erates in a channel not commensurate 
 with his talents and capabilities is only 
 a partial success. 
 
 The average and under average 
 heads are as common as the heads of 
 geniuses are rare. 
 
 In the spring of 1901, while visiting 
 Ann Arbor, Mich., I met one of the 
 law professors, whom I asked what per 
 cent, of the students that graduated 
 from the law department of the Univer- 
 sity made a success in the practice of 
 law. His reply was that he thought 
 about twenty-five per cent, .would be a 
 correct estimate. I then asked him if 
 such results were not a great reflection 
 upon the law department of the Univer- 
 sity, not to be able to send out a larger 
 per cent, of successful lawyers. "Not 
 at all ; it is the fault of the poor material 
 we get out of which to make lawyers," 
 was his prompt reply. It is a sad com- 
 mentary upon the intelligence of par- 
 ents and teachers when they are so de- 
 ficient in a knowledge of human nature 
 as not to be able to determine the tal- 
 ents of their boys, and their adaptation 
 to the diversified pursuits open to them, 
 that they cannot direct their talents 
 and education in the pursuit designed 
 by nature for them to follow. If they 
 possessed a knowledge of Phrenology 
 they could determine the talents and 
 pursuits to which they are best adapted 
 and so direct the education of the young 
 as to put each one in his legitimate 
 channel of active usefulness. 
 
 Before the close of the present cen- 
 tury the high schools, colleges and uni- 
 versities will give Phrenology due 
 recognition and its proper place in their 
 curriculums, where it will be taught 
 and applied as the true science of mind 
 in revealing a clear understanding of 
 hum/an nature, and the natural history 
 of men as they are represented in the 
 human head and face. 
 
CHART FOR MARKING DEVELOPMENTS. 
 
 Delineation of 
 
 Given by Date- 
 
 EXPLANATION, 
 
 The figures following the names of the conditions and organs indicate the grades in which 
 they are developed. The standard scale for marking the degrees of development runs from 1 to 7, 
 1 very small, 2 small, 3 moderate, 4 average, 5 full, 6 large, 7 very large. When an organ is half 
 way between two sizes, as 4 to 5, or 5 to 6 it is marked 4)£, and h%, etc. Those requiring 
 cultivation are indicated by the abreviation Cul. , and those requiring restraint by Res. 
 
 Page 
 
 Physical 
 Conditions. 
 
 Grades 
 
 of 
 Develop- 
 ments. 
 
 Culti- 
 vate. 
 
 Restrain. 
 
 Marry 
 one. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 13 
 14 
 19 
 18 
 16 
 17 
 17 
 19 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 22 
 21 
 
 20 
 22 
 
 14 
 14 
 15 
 15 
 
 90 
 
 87 
 
 CONDITIONS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Constitutional Power. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Assimilation 
 
 Breathing Power 
 
 Circulatory Power 
 
 Vital Temperament... 
 Motive Temperament. 
 Mental Temperament. 
 Bilious Temperament. 
 Sanguine Tempera- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lymphatic Tempera- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nervous Tempera- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Size of Head ... inches. 
 
 Length of Head 
 
 Width of Head 
 
 Hight of Head 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 
 
 64 
 65 
 66 
 
 67 
 69 
 71 
 
 72 
 72 
 77 
 79 
 100 
 82 
 
 Conditions. 
 
 Grades 
 
 of 
 Develop- 
 ments. 
 
 Culti- 
 vate. 
 
 Restrain. 
 
 Marry 
 one. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Phrenological organs. 
 
 1. Amatlveness 
 
 A. Conjugality 
 
 2. Parental Love 
 
 3. Friendship 
 
 4. Inhabltiveness — 
 
 5. Continuity 
 
 B. Vltatlveness 
 
 6. Combativeness ... 
 
 7. Destructiveness . 
 
 8. Alimentiveness .. 
 
 9. Acquisitiveness .. 
 
 10. Secretiveness .... 
 
 11. Cautiousness 
 
 12. Approbativeness . 
 
 13. Self-Esteem 
 
 14. Firmness — , — 
 
 15. Conscientiousness 
 
 16. Hope 
 
 17. Spirituality 
 
 18. Veneration 
 
 19. Benevolence 
 
 20. Constructivcness. . 
 
 21. Ideality 
 
 B, Sublimity 
 
 22. Imitation 
 
 23. Mirthfulness 
 
 24. Individuality .... 
 
 25. Form 
 
 27. Weight 
 
 28. Color 
 
 29. Order 
 
 30. Calculation 
 
 31. Locality 
 
 32. Eventuality .... 
 
 33. Time ., 
 
 34. Tune 
 
 35. Language 
 
 36. Causality 
 
 37. Comparison .... 
 
 C. Human Nature 
 
 D. Agreeableness 
 
 
Business and 
 Professional 
 Adaptations. 
 
 Grade of 
 Adaptation. 
 
 Business and 
 Professional 
 Adaptations. 
 
 Grade of 
 Adaptation. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 ARTISTICAL. 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Poet 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 MECHANICAL. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 COMMERCIAL. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Miller 
 
 
 
 
 
 Milliner 
 
 
 
 
 
 Paper Hanger 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fire Insurance 
 
 
 Shipbuilder 
 
 
 
 
 MANUFACTURER 
 OF 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Salesman 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'SCIENTIFIC. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mechanical Engineer. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Naturalist 
 
 
 
 
 
 Phrenologist 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 LITERARY 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dentist .'. 
 
 
 
 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Editor 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Waiter 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Model Head. 
 
 i Amativeness — Virile power, sexual desire, 
 love and affection between man and 
 woman. 
 A Conjugal Love — Union for life, pairing 
 instinct. 
 
 2 Parental Love— Care for offspring. 
 
 3 Friendship — Sociability, union of friends. 
 
 4 Inhabitiveness — Love of home. 
 
 5 Continuity — Application, consecutiveness. 
 E Vitativeness — Clinging to life, longevity. 
 
 6 Combativeness — Opposition, courage, de- 
 
 fense, and fighting,. 
 
 7 Destructiveness — Executiveness, push, 
 
 energy and to destroy. 
 
 8 Alimentiveness — Appetite for food, etc. 
 
 9 Acquisitiveness — Frugality, economy, to 
 
 get. 
 
 io Secretiveness — Self-control, policy, reti- 
 cence. 
 
 ii Cautiousness — Guardedness, care-taking, 
 safety. 
 
 12 Approbativeness — Love of applause. 
 
 13 Self-Esteem — Self-respect, dignity, au- 
 
 thority. 
 
 14 Firmness — Stability, perseverance, stead- 
 
 fastness. 
 
 15 Conscientiousness — Sense of right, jus- 
 
 tice. 
 
 16 Hope — Expectation, anticipation. 
 
 17 Spirituality — Intuition, premonition, faith, 
 
 wonder, superstition. 
 
 18 Veneration — Worship, adoration, defer- 
 
 ence, respect for authority. 
 
 19 Benevolence — Sympathy, kindness, mercy. 
 
 20 Constructiveness — Mechanical ingenuity, 
 
 invention, tools. 
 
 21 Ideality — Taste, love of beauty, poetry 
 
 and art. 
 B Sublimity — Love of the grand, vast, mag- 
 nificent. 
 
 22 Imitaion — Copying, aptitude for mimicry. 
 
 23 Mirth — Fun, wit, ridicule, facetiousness. 
 
 24 Individuality — Observation, curiosity to 
 
 see. 
 25; Form — Memory of shape, looks, persons. 
 
 26 Size — Measurement of quantity or dis- 
 
 tance by the eye. 
 
 27 Weight — Control of motion, balancing, 
 
 28 Color — Discernment, love of colors, hues, 
 
 tints. 
 
 29 Order — Method, system, by rule, arrange- 
 
 ment. 
 
 30 Calculation — Mental arithmetic, mathe- 
 
 matics. 
 
 31 Locality — Memory of place, position, 
 
 travel. 
 
 32 Eventuality — Memory of facts, events, 
 
 historv. 
 
 33 Time — Telling when, time, dates, punc- 
 
 tuality. 
 
 34 Tune — Love of music, sense of harmony. 
 
 35 Language — Expression bv words or signs. 
 
 36 Causality — Planning, thinking, philoso- 
 
 phy. 
 
 37 Comparison — Analysis, inferring, illustra- 
 
 tion. 
 C Human Nature — Intuitive perception of 
 
 character and motive. 
 D Suavity — Politeness, blandness. 
 
APR 8 1903 
 
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