j?>r 5^ ^73 SB 473 .S8 Copy 1 By Wm.R Stark Stark City Missouri Isn't This Yard Attractive and Inviting? The enjoyment of your back yard will be greatly increased by a "natural" combination of the useful and the ornamental. JD LABOR Eefoie Planting. After Planting-. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 3 How often you see a cozy little home nestling among vines, flowers, trees, and with stretches of open lawn ! By itself it is only a plain little house, but the flow- ers and shrubs give it beauty and character, and help wonderfully to make it a home. It shows good taste and thoughtful attention, although not necessarily the expenditure of much money. Planting is like painting a picture. The trees and shrubs are your colors. The rules for successful planting are simple and few. Plant the outer border of your place with masses of dense, ratl.er tall-growing shrubbery, giving a distinct outline and form to your property. Keep the taller-growing plants well back, then the medium-growing, and next the low-growing at the inner edge, forming a dense rounding mass of shrubbery which gradually meets the lawn. Plant round- ing masses of shrubbery in the corners, as well as along the boundary line. Avoid too many straight lines and geom.etrical angles. Have a number of different kinds of plants, but enough of one type in a place to produce a definite effect of rich shade, color, flower, or fruit. Use vines and shrubs, not to display their own characters, but to mask sharp lines of buildings and as a frame for distant views. Around the house have open stretches of lawn. It is especiallj- important to keep small yards open. A small yard, properly planted around tie outer edges, will appear larger than it really is. Don't scatter single isolated shrubs all over the lawn. Don't plant trees or flowers in the center of a snail lawn. However, on a large, spacious lawn nothing is more desirable than groups of sf ade trees or single specimens placed a little to one side of the house where shade is needed. Plant climbing vines on the porches and arbors. The Dorotliy Perkins Rose, Honeysuckle, and Japanese Clematis can be planted on the sane porch, giving a succession of bloom. Plant the medium and small-growing shrubS; Roses, Peonies, and Phlox in masses around the corners of the house and to hide the foundation, and in corners of the porches and curves and corners of the walks. Always se- lect the dainty, more refined flowers for planting where they will be seen closel}-. Put the more rank-growing flowers farther in the background. There are many different shades of green in leaves and combinations of colors in flowers, which, when mixed, are exceedingly beautiful and inteiesting; while variation in bark color gives an entirely new change after t!:e leaves are off in tLe autumn. A well-planted succession of growing, blooming things aljout a house are a never-ending source of pleasure, growing more beautiful and attractive every year. Don't plant trees in the center of a small lawn. Don't scatter "shoe-button" plants all over the lawn. Don't have a round flower-bed. Don't have useless paths, isolated pergolas, iron seats, dogs, rabbits, deer, or ot!ier imitations on the place. Don't plant Silver Maple or Poi)lars unless you alternate with a good slow- growing tree, with the intention of removing tlie fast-growing tree as soon as the other has developed. Don't have terraces near the sidewalk. Grade from the house to the walk line with an even slope if possible. Don't try to establish grass on steep banks. Plant trailing vines which will take root as they go — Honeysuckle and Dorothy Perkins Rose. Don't plant shade trees closer than thirty feet apart. Don't wait— MAKE YOUR COMPLETE PLANS NOW. 4 THE RIGHT WAY THE RIGHT AND THE WRONG WAY The planting of shrubs and trees about the home should have a meaning. Everything should be so arranged as to make the home the center of the picture. The lawn should be open and should not have meaningless trees and bushes scat- tered promiscuously over it. The right style of planting makes a landscape, even though the area be no larger than a parlor. The other style is simply a collection of curious plants. The one has an instant and lasting pictorial effect which is restful and satisfying. The observer exclaims, "What a beautiful home!" The ether piques one's curiosity, obscures the residence, defies and distracts the atten- tion. The observer exclaims, "What beautiful lilac bushes!" — Adapted from L, H. Bailey's Bulletin on Suggestions for Home Planting. ik^^^^^^^^^^^Xat .. -.Jj^ ^.i'. • ' i MSI" ^^E^^SSgBBHl^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B ^^"^ Lawn View and Shrubbery Planting. THE RIGHT WAY The result is truly beautiful, natural, and harmonious. It looks as if it "just happened" — but it didn't; it took careful planning. The numerous large trees form a background for the liouse and lawn, and give the a]:)pearance of distance and extent. The veteran on the left, standing guard at the entrance of the home, shows how trees may also be planted close in — but note that the wide lawn is not disfigured by scattering "shoe-button" shrubs all over it. The only shrubs on the lawn are two just at the right of the walk, placed there so that a slight curve in the walk can be made around them, breaking what would have been a straight, stiff line to the porch. The walk then curves gracefully to the right along the rising slope, keeping close to the shrubbery border. Note how the low-growing Rugosas, Barberries, and Deutzias are planted at the outer edge of the mass of shrubbery, then the higher-growing Syringas and Snowball farther back. Effective ma.s.scs of Spirea Van Houttei and Hydrangea are placed at the corners and near tl e foundation, making the house look as if it "belongs there." The touch of Boston Ivy on the brick-work to the right of the porch is good, as is also the climbing Rose at the corner of the porch. Of all the shrubs, vines, and trees, not one stands out like a museum specimen on exhibition. They all blend together and form a part of the home picture which becomes dearer and more beautiful each j-car. THE WRONG WAY Lawn Poorly Planted. THE WRONG WAY Everything is neat, but stiff; well kept, but poorly planned. The mass of shrubbery at the right of the door is overgrown and appears out of place. The round flower-bed and formal "shoe-button" shrubs spoil the unity of the planting. Eauh plant does not do its part to make a complete and beautiful picture. The vine on the porch is the one attractive feature. II' -— 'Ij m The Wiong Way. Tlie usual unattractive way of scattering shrubs all over the lawn. The Right Way. The natural way of planting in masses to form a picture. THE GROUPING OF SHRUBS Tho shrubbery masses in the above picture are exceptionally good. Xuti' thi iii:i-> in the ex treme rif;ht-hand corner with the tall Woigela and Lilac in the center; then tlie niediuni-grovving Spiroa Van Houttei; then around the outer borders Deutzia Lemoini and other low-growing shrubs. In the shrubbery mass on the left note th? tall-growing Snowball in the center; next the medium- height Spirea ^'an Houttei and the low spreading Japanese Bush Honrysuckie. SHRUBBERY MASSES Pleasing results in groups of shrubs do not conu> from large numbers of the same variety in a single mass, but from liarmorious arrangement of different varie- ties. Each grouji or plantation should have an excuse for existence, a reason for occupying that particular spot. If there are unsightly rear views, plantations in groups or belts should be provided in order to hide them'. If a portion of tlie ground is to be used for a garden or a stable, planting should be made so as to shut these areas from view effectively. Groups of shrubs are also used to fill in the grooves of walks and drives and the corners, arranged according to form and size. In grouping shrubs, those with a tall, ujiright habit of growth should occupy a rear or central location, to form general barriers, against which the lower-growing sorts may l)e arranged in regular gradation. Plant tlie low-growing, drooping shrubs near the outer edge. Avoid exjjosing bare slalUs of shrubs in the group. Low-growing, dense foliage plants are as essen- tial to a successful group or border as are the tall-growing sorts. Nature's \\ay is the safest guide. In all planting th.e aim should he to conceal the hand of the gardener as much as ])ossible. In small, fornal jilaces with straight walks and ledges, the gardener's shears must be used fietiuently, but always with the idea of jirotlucing harmony and symmetrj^ without n aterially altering tl.e natural grc wth of the plants. The arrangen:ent of grou))s of shrulis cm page 7 is adapted from a Government Bulletin by L. I. C'orl)et. Th.ese groups aic not offered in collections, but by way of suggestion. Other gioujis will be found on page 24 and are sold in special col- lections. It is desirable to cnml ine in each groui) as much of inteiest as possible without making it heavA ard iinattrfctive. EXAMPLES OF SHRUBBERY MASSES DETAIL OF SHRUBBERY GROUPS SHOWN ABOVE Group A— F, 3 Golden Bell (May) ; S, 3 Lilac, Common Purple (May) ; V, 2 Snowball (June) ; SP.fS Spirea V. H. (July); A, 4 Althea ("August and September); H, -i Hydrangea P. G. (July to September) . Group B — D, 2 Deutzia, P. of R.(June); F, 3 Golden Bell (May); B, 2 Barberrj% Japanese (May to December). Group C — 27 Roses in variety. Group D — C, 3 Sweet Shrub (June to August); P, 3 S.yringa (May); S, 3 Lilac, Common Purple (May to June); PJ, 3 Japan Quince (April to May). Group E — A, 6 Althea (August to September) ; B, 8 Barberry, Japanese (May to December) ; P, 10 California Privet (June to July). Group P — F, 3 Golden Bell (April to May); H, 4 Hydrangea P. G. (August to September); PJ, 6 Japan Quince (April to May). Group G — C, 3 Sweet Shrub (June to August); P, 3 Syringa (May to June); S, 3 Lilac, Common Purple (May tq June); PJ, 3 Japan Quince (April to May). Group H—D, 2 Deutzia, P. of R. (June); F, 2 Golden Bell (April to May); B, 3 Barberry, Japanese (May to June). Group i — F, 2 Golden Bell (April to May) ; S, 3 Lilac, Common Purple (May to June) ; V, 2 Snowball (June to July); SP, 3 Spirea V. H. (July); A, 4 Althea (August to September); H, 2 Hydrangea (August to September). Group K — ^V, 3 Highbush Cranberry (May to July) ; S, 4 Lilac, Common Purple (May to June) ; C, 4 Sweet Shrub (June to August) ; B, 9 Barberry, Japanese (May to December) ; P, 6 California Privet (June to July). Group L — RT, 10 Staghorn Sumac. Group M — P, 12 California Privet (June to July) ; S, 4 Lilac, Common Purple (May to June) ; F, 3 Golden Bell (April to May). Group N — P, 14 California Privet (June to July); S, 4 Lilac, Common Purple (May to June); A, 2 Althea (August to September) ; B, 9 Barberry, Japanese (May to December). 8 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF TREES AND SHRUBS THE ATTRACTIVE VERSUS THE UNATTRACTIVE Trees should, as a rule, stand either as single specimens in isolated positions or in irregular groups, rather than in long rows. ' Under certain conditions long avenues of trees, regularly disposed on either side of a driveway or a vista, give a very pleasing and imposing effect to a large place. The general rule for trees also applies to shrubs, except that their use should be chiefly in groups or belts, rather than as specimen plants. Few shrubs possess sufficiently graceful and cliaracter- istic habits of growth to make them pleasing when grown singly on the lawns, but where a number of specimens of varying habits are brought together in a single group, the differences are emphasized by contrast and the variety produces a pleas- ing effect. This is especially true if the rate and habit of growth, as well as the olor and character of the foliage, are somewhat different. 't^y '"^ ^«t?|., The Wrong Way. The above shows tlie effect ot having the shrubs and trees planted in straight lines and angles like the boundaries of the yard. It is stiff and unattractive. The Right Way. This shows how the proper planting relieves the stiffness of the yard and makes a more attractive setting for the house, at the same time giving an effect of greater extent. Generally avoid planting in straight lines about the lawn. You will note that the most beautiful natmal scenery is strikingly devoid of straight lines. The boundary and building lines about the home lawn are usually straiglit. Therefore, to have the lawn as pleasing as jiossible, it is all the more necessary that the shrubs and trees be planted in irregular masses and groups to relieve the stiffness of the existing straight lines as much as possible. CIVIC IMPROVEMENT -;SWt' 111 iiiMi'ly every community there are unsightly, disreputable spots similar to the above. They impress visitors unfavorably and retard the growth and development of the town. The responsibil- ity for sueh conditions lies with the owner, the mayor, and every other citizen. This picture shows the great improvement which a little thought, time, and effort has produced in the place shown above. Unfortunately, property-holders and business men, whose interests are most vitally affected, usually leave such improvements to the women's clubs and schools. 10 ORNAMENTAL TREES Norway Maple (Acer Platanoides). Everyliody ai^j^reciates fine trees for their beauty and utility. Every member of the family should plant a tree in the yard. They grow larger and more beau- tiful every year, adding value to your property. Plant trees now; time will do the rest. Fast-growing kinds are often planted between others and are cut out when the longer-lived, slow-growing trees are big enough. WINDBREAKS Windbreaks can be made by planting Norway, Sugar or Silver Maple, or Linden (Basswood). These tall-growing trees should be set twenty feet apart, with a second row of Russian Olive. This tree grows lower and bushier and should be planted eight feet apart. The Carolina Poplar and Lombard}' Poplar are also very good, quick-growing, tall trees, but not so long-lived. BECHTEL DOUBLE-FLOWERED CRAB The flowers are a beautiful pink; very ". ~^ ,,. . i(P. loensis) sweet-scented; two inches in diameter. Best of all the double-flowered Crabs. From a distance the tree looks as if it were loaded with roses. Blooms in May. Grows thirty feet tall. Hardy. L # " # ■ ^ 't 1 rH ^m .# ^H ^H. ^ J ■■H ^H^^ Oi Dogwood. Bechtel Crab. ORNAMENTAL TREES 11 BLACK WALNUT The Black Walnut is native to the entire eastern half of the (Juglans Nigra) United States and suited to all parts cf the West; succeeds on alkali land; leaf-stems one to two feet long, with thirty or more small,'^tapering, pointed, bright green leaflets on each central stem. Nuts are round, one and one- half inches in diameter; highly flavored kernel; prized by confectioners for richness and quality. Wood is hard, strong, very durable, a beautiful dark brown; used for cabinet-making, gun stocks, etc. Walnut furniture now sells for more than ma- hogany. The tree is open, spreading, and a faster grower than hickory; attains a height of 60 to 100 feet, sometimes 150 on fertile soil. Should be planted as an orna- mental tree, as a nut tree, and as the most valuable fast-growing timber tree of all. DOGWOOD, COMMON The common (Cornus Florida) white-flowering Dogwood; grows wild in the woods along streams. Large, creamy-white flowers, three to four inches across, come early in tiie spring before the leaves, followed by clusters of scarlet berries in the fall. Hardy. Grows twenty to thirty feet tall. ELM, AMERICAN WHITE Beautiful na- (TJlmus Americana) tive shade tree. Fine for avenue or streets. Can be ])lanted close to houses, as the high arch- ing branches leave space for air and light. Golden Rain Tree. Grows up to 100 feet tall. (Koelreuteria Paniculata.) GOLDEN RAIN TREE— VARNISH TREE The most popular decorative tree (Koelreuteria Paniculata) from China. Ornamental through- out the entire season, especially adapted for planting in small yards and in groups or clusters; finely divided; attractive green foliage, turning dark red and gold in autumn; clusters of yellow flowers one to two feet long, appear in May, followed by large, bladdery seed-pods two feet long; hardy, also endures drouth, adapted to planting throughout the United States. Its neat foliage, showy flowers and adapt- ability make it one of the most-desirable medium-sized trees. Grows fifteen to thirty feet high. GREEN ASH A beautiful spreading tree with broad, rounding top, (Fraxinus Lanceolata Viridis) slender branches; very hardy, long-lived; a rapid grow- er, especially when young; light green leaves. Extensively planted as an orna- mental street and park tree in towns and cities throughout the entire United States; suited to conditions from Saskatchewan, Canada, to the Gulf of Mexico, and espe- cially valuable in the prairie States of the Northwest; grows sixty to seventy feet high, two or three feet in diameter. 12 ORNAMENTAL TREES HORSE CHESTNUT The most beautiful tree in May — with tall rounded dome (^sculus Hippocastanum) of liandsome green leaves and large showy clusters or i)yr- aniids of wliite flowers mottletl with red. Its dense growth and heavy tent-like leaves make it ideal for shady bowers, roads, or parks in towns and cities in the North and Eastern United States, where it thrives best and is extensively planted. LINDEN, OR BASSWOOD White, fragrant flowers, which attract bees. Large (Tilia Americana) heart-shaped leaves. A rapid grower, often reaching a height of 90 feet. MAPLE, NORWAY A large rounded tree. Dense foliage, smooth, glossy, dark (Acer Platanoides) green, turning yellow in the fall. One of the best and long- est lived for street, park, or garden. Grows to 100 feet. MAPLE, SILVER LEAF The White or Silver Maple is a large, fast-growing tree. (Acer Saccharinum) Very attractive. Should be planted alternately with the slov er-growing but more permanent Sugar or Norw^ay Maples, and cut out when the latter have attained a good size. Grows to 120 feet. MAPLE, SUGAR The Hard or Rock Sugar Maple is the best park, shade, and (AcerSaccharum) street tree of all. Beautiful dark green foliage, which turns red and yellow in the autumn. Moderately fast-growing, but hardy, vigorous, and long-lived. Grows to 100 feet. POPLAR, CAROLINA Fastest-growing tree; slender, sometimes 100 feet high. (P. Carolinensis) Shiny, bright green leaves. Best for crowded districts of large cities, and as a quick shade tree. Sometimes called "the sudden sawlog." Grows 75 to 100 feet. Should be planted alternately with more permanent trees. Does well in arid States. POPLAR, LOMBARDY One of the most striking and picturesque trees. A tall, (Populus Nigra Italica) narrow, columnar tree, growing CO to 100 feet straight up. The tall spire-shaped tops are landmarks in almost eveiy populated region from tlie Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the Canadian frontier to the Mexican boundary. Longer-lived than the Carolina Poplar. Bright, glossy green leaves. Used as a windbreak, as it does not spread out; also extensively planted in the Western country to prevent blowing of sand. It is of special value in landscape work where it is planted to relieve monotonous sky-lines and to increase the ai)parent height of hills. RUSSIAN OLIVE (Oleaster) The Russian Olive is a large shrub or small tree, (Elaeagnus Angustifolia) 12 to 20 feet high— sometimes grows 40 feet. It is a rapid, spreading grower when young, and will develop an immense head unless kept in shape by pruning. The leaves are small, oval, shiny. The glistening silvery foliage is very pleasing in contrast with the green of other trees. In blooming-time it is covered with immense masses of little golden, honey-scented flowers; the bees fairly swarm over them. The fruit is oval, yellow, covered with scales. The Rus- sian Olive is the best tree known for semi-arid regions, as it will stand the most heat and drouth. It makes an ideal low, dense windbreak or hedge. Sometimes • called "the candle tree." Very hardy. STAGHORN SUMAC This is a typical Sumac, except that it forms a small (Rhus Typhina) tree, 20 to 30 feet tall. Its beauty has been overlooked by many planters. Fits in wherever a large shrub or small upright tree is desired. The rich, green fern-like foliage gives a tropical effect. The foliage turns a brilliant flaming red in the fall, very conspicuous and beautiful. After the foliage is gone, long clusters of small, round, crimson-red fruit, covered with velvety hairs, re- main during the entire winter. Hardy; grows very fast. Prefers sunlight. (See page 33, under "Shrubs," for the low-growing form of Sumac.) SYCAMORE, EUROPEAN (Oriental Plane) A large, round-headed, wide-spread- (Platanus Orientalis) ing tree, regularly formed, usually with a short, heavy trunk. A beautiful and majestic shade tree. Grows SO feet tall. A very good street and avenue tree. Good for all soils, even at th.e sea-side. Succeeds where others fail. More shapely and better tree than the American Plane. Bright green, five-pointed leaves. Hardy. FRUIT FROM YOUR OWN GARDEN THE YEAR ROUND 13 iO FeeJ- Early Rose (PeacW Abundance Shropshire (Plumj (Plumj Earl_y Richmond Monlmorenc^ (Cherry) (Cherry Superb fApncon Endicott (Plurn) Superb 2 5 Everbearing SIrawbcrry Progressive Oregon Champion SI Regis 7 Gooseberry 4Fl.Aparf ] Q □ □ a I 7 Currant 4 Ft.Aparf 25 Red Raspberry 1 Ft Apart 10 Black Raspberry 22 Ft Apart 1 Ft. Apart 25 Everbearing SIrawberry A space 80 by 80 feet, with varieties planted as shown on above plan, will more than supply a large family with all the fruit they can use, beginning with strawber- ries early in the spring, followed by cherries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries, early summer apples, apricots, peaches, plums, pears," grapes, fall and winter apples. Apples may be stored and, with canned fruit and preserves put up during the summer, will give an abundant supply of fruit the year 'round. Note: The ground betwean the fruit trees can be used for the first few years for an additional planting of strawberries, blackberries, etc. These will begin bear- ing the second year, and produce a number ot crops before they have to be taken out to make room for the fruit trees. 14 PLANTING AND CARE OF ORNAMENTALS WHEN TO PLANT Spring is the best time for planting in the northern half of the United States and in the arid Western States. Fall planting has some advantages in other regions, but not sufficient to war- rant postponement from spring to autumn. \Mth low-growing shrubs and Roses, fall planting may be practiced satisfactorily farther north, if protection is provided during the winter by mounding the earth up over them and putting on a mulch. This should be rakecl off in the spring. The Peony and Iris will reach full blooming strength sooner if planted in the fall. They should be mulched to prevent alternate freezing and thawing, which would heave the roots out of the ground. Fall and winter ]ilanting, without pro- viding this protection, may be practiced successfully in Maryland, Delaware, the Virgmias, Kentucky; southern ])arts of Ohio, Indiana, Missouri; all States to the south; eastern part of Oklahoma; Texas and the Pacific Slope, where there are winter rains. ORNAMENTAL TREES Dig the holes large enough to hold the roots without crowding. Cut off broken and injured roots and shorten any that are extra long. Set the tree two inches deeper than it stood in the nursery. Fill in the hole with loose rich dirt, pressing it firmly about the roots. If the ground is dry, pour in several gallons of water before the last four or five inches of dirt are thrown in. After the water soaks in, fill the hole completely with loose dirt. Do not press down the wet dirt about the roots. Pruning Cut out the smaller branches. Shorten the larger ones to four or five good buds. Sometimes the buds near the base of the branch are small and un- developed and may not grow. Care should therefore be taken to leave several large, plump buds on each branch. Do not shorten any branches after the tree starts to grow. The second j^ear, after the tree has made a good growth, the kind of pruning depends on the results desired. Some trees, not planted as shade or road trees, should be kept with low -branching heads. For instance, the Bechtel Flowering Crab is naturally low-growing and the central leaders should be cut out. On the other hand, the Maple, Elm, and other shade trees should keep the central leaders. As the tree gets older, the lower side branches should be cut off, giving room to pass under them. If the central leader is injured, a side branch can be trained to take its place. Shade trees, like other plants, respond to care and attention. Watering dur- uig a hot, dry summer, and cultivation will foster their growth. They will give you shade much sooner if they are not neglected. SHRUBS Spade the ground deep. Make the holes, prune the roots, and set out as directed under "Ornamental Trees," except that shrubs should be set no deeper than they stood in the nursery. Keep the weeds out. Water often if the season is hot and dry. A mulch of leaves or straw will help to keep the roots moist and cool. During the first winter they should have a heavy mulch of leaves or coarse manure. Pruning At planting-time, cut the branches back one-half to two-thirds. Alter the shrub is well estabhshed, cut out old, weakened canes and shorten those branches only that give the bush an unnatural appearance. It is often necessary also to remove branches on the inside — small weak shoots, which pro- duce poor flowers and detract from the looks of the shrub. Shrubs should not be sheared heavily. Hedges of Privet or Japan Quince are an exception. Prune Hydrangeas and Altheas regularly each winter. They will then produce better flowers, as they blossom in late summer on new wood. Deutzia, Spirea, Japan Quince, Philadeli>hus, and shrubs which flower on wood of the previous season's growth sliould not be pruned until June or July, nfter they are through blooming. PLANTING AND CAKE OF UKNAMENTALiS Ifi Planting This depends upon tlie purpose for whicli the shrub is used. As a gen- Distance eral rule, the distance between shrubs in a mass should be one-third to one-half their height when grown. The distance varies with the size which the shrub will eventually attain. As a rule, shrubs should not be planted in the shade. However, Barberry, Deutzia, Japan Quince, Snowberry, Privet, and Weigela will thrive in shady places. LILAC Dig the holes large enough to hold the roots without crowding. Cut off broken or damaged roots. Set the plant five to seven inches deeper than it stood in the nursery, but do not fill in the last five inches until the plant has made a good growth. The Lilac requires little pruning at any time. Remove broken or uneven branches at planting-time only. The bloom is borne on one-year-old shoots. Re- move the withered flowers. Cut out weak branches entirely just after blooming — do not cut them back. Otherwise, prune for form only. Remove all suckers. For a hedge, set the plants one and a half to two feet apart. For growing flowers for the market, three feet apart in the rows, four to six feet wide. HEDGES There are two kinds of hedges — those with a dense, solid growth which may l^p ' ''pt sheared in a formal shape and -e a good fence or barrier. They ..re cheaper and more attractive than iron or picket fences that require paint- ing. The other kind of hedge is made \\'ith more ojDen-growuig shrubs. They are more graceful and attractive, but do not make as good a barrier. Privet This plant is more frequently planted for hedge purposes than any other. There is a hardy variety suited to northern planting. Plants can be set nine inches to a foot aimrt in the row. Where a very dense hedge is de- sired, the plants can be set in a double row, each plant one foot and the rows also one foot apart. In preparing the ground, dig a trench a foot or more deep and set the plants six to eight inches deeper in the ground than they were in the nursery. This will bring three or four of the lower l)ranches below the surf ace, which, after the first year, will make roots of their owm, giving a dense solid growth. The Privet takes readily to shearing. By using the shears repeatedly through- out the summer, trimming the new- shoots, W'hile they are tender and soft, the hedge can be trained into any one How to Plant Two-year Privet. "^ a number of formal shapes; this, Sot the plants several inches deeper than they bowever, requires a great deal of work stood in the nursery, with the lower part of the and IS now practiced less frequently, branches below the level of the ground. Mound A hedge with a naturally rounded the dirt up six or eight inches above the level of p,-nwth is more attractivp in mn c9 3 3 tQ o ho o .He's- o O-s .3 3 •^ ci P4 Q lO u u td u ® O) D3 MM O O ho PS S 3 1^ ft 3 22 THE UNIT COLLECTION PLAN Planting the Home Grounds By Frank A. Waugh, Landscape Gardener Frank A. Waugh is Professor of Horticulture at Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst. He is the author of "Landscape Gardening" and other excellent books, which are valued not only for reliable information, but also for the direct, concise, simple jjresenta- tion. We were indeed fortunate in securing his plans and presentation of this unit collection idea. William P. stark. "The throe accompanymg plans are designed to represent typical cases. They present the usual forms of home grounds. The first one shows the average size and form of city lot, the second an example of a suburban place, and the third a representative farm yard. In each case the plan indicates how the grounds may be planted to secure the best effect, having in view economy of first cost and the lowest possible cost of upkeep. The novel feature of these plans, and the one which should prove of practical service to the home-owner, is the arrangement of unit col- h^ctions of trees, shrubs, and other plants for carrying out the designs. This scheme has certain manifest advantages. 1. It gives an intelligible design. They are to the home-builder what jiatterns are to the dress-maker. 2. The nurseryman can keep these standard collections in stock and can sell them at lower prices than usually charged, thus effecting a substantial economy for the buyer. 3. The buyer can substitute certain units for others, or make other changes according to his own taste or discretion. 4. The homo-buildor can Iniy a portion of the necessary plants from yv^ar to y(^;ir, thus distributing the outlay over several years. It need not be expected that these plans will exactly fit every place. On tiu! contrary, modifications of greater or less degree will be required in adjusting these patterns to a majority of places. Such changes sjiould be freely made ac^cording to the taste of the home-owner, but. in order that the final result may be as successful as possible, it is highly important to make such alterations in harmony with the principles of design which have controlled in the original ])lans. Some of the most important of these priiK'i]>les should be stated Ium'c and carefully con- sidered by everyone who undertakes this sort of work." THE UNIT COLLECTION PLAN 23 "1. Have a definite design or plan for the entire place. Follow this plan just as you would follow the architect's plan for the house. 2. Plant in masses or continuous borders. Single detached specimens should be seldom used; stiff, round bunches or "clumps" never. 3. Make these border plantings along the boundaries of the home lot. 4. Or else form continuous screens where privacy is desired or where un. pleasant views are to be covered. 5. Also plant continuous or nearly continuous borders along the foundations of the dwelling-house and attached buildings. 6. Heavier masses may be planted at the outer angles of the home lot. T. Leave the centers open. Never plant trees, shrubs, or flower-beds in the center spaces of the lawn. S. Make these open lawn spaces as large as possible. Placing the house at one side of the lot will help in this. 9. Place the largest trees to the south and west of the house, so as to have shade from noon till night. 10. Divide up the space so as to serve all purposes to advantage. A fully equipped house lot should have three parts, viz.: (a) a small, neat front yard; (6) a service yard for hanging out the wash, handling the poultry, or any other necessary work; (c) a good large family yard, or lawn, with some privacy, where the family can read, visit, play croquet, or indulge in any other domestic recreations- 11. Plant native, hardy trees, shrul)s and flowers by preference. Avoid showy freaks and all unnatural-looking specimens. Also avoid all showy ornaments, such as white-washed stones, flower-l)eds edged with soda-pop bottles, iron dogs, deer, etc- 12. Place flower-beds in the back yard rather than in the front yard. 13. Use few varieties of trees and shrubs, and a considerable number of each variety. The collections offered in this book' necessarily include several different kinds, and represent the extreme limit to which it is desirable to go in the selection of varied materials for a small place. 14. Plant a few things every year. No place will go on forever without additions and repairs. 15. Give proper care. Trees, shrubs, flowers, and lawn grass will not thrive under neglect any more than corn or potatoes. The owner of a farm or home who proposes to improve his home grounds by the aid of Mr. Stark's nursery service should bear ever in mind one other important fact, that these are merely ready-made designs. There is so much individuality in gardens that the best results can be achieved only when each plan is individually designed. Some people can well afford to employ competent landscape gardeners. The writer and the publisher of this book join in urging this course on everyone who aspires to the very best results. Capable landscape gardeners will be cheerfully recommended to those who ask for such information. But thei-e will always be fifty or a hundred home-gardens to every one person- ally designed by the professional landscape architect. Home-made gardens have their proper and important place in the world; and the service of this book is cordially tendered to those peo]ile who u.se both." 24 UNIT COLLECTIONS These unit collections ure described by Prof. Waugh and are used in the various plans. Collection "A" Trees for ordinary village streets. Plant 15 to 30 feet apart. 5 Silver Maple CoHection "B" Street trees for immediate effect. Plant 20 to 30 feet apart. These may be alternated with Kims or other permanent trees and removed in '<> ] years, 5 Carolina Poplar Collection "D" Trees for narrow or smoky streets. Plant 12 to 30 leet apart 5 Horse Chestnut Collection "E" Hardy, deciduous trees for sliade and general ornamental effect. 2 Silver Maple 2 American Elm 1 Green Ash 2 Carolina Poplar Collection "F" This Barberry is especially suited for a hedge. It is very hardy, low-growing, with attractive foli- age and red berries, which hang on well into the winter. It has thorns which are sharp enough to prevent children and dogs from trampling it down, hut not strong enough to tear the clothing. Set plants about 1 foot apart. 75 .lapanese Barberry Collection "H" Medium-height, fine shrubs for the smaller places. 3 Spirea Van Houttei 5 Deutzia Lemoini 2 Snowball 5 Weigela Rosea Collection "I" Hard.N- shruljberj- for border planting, screens, etc. Plant them in continuous borders, not in separate beds, but all plants of the same kind together. Plant about 2 feet apart each way, irregularly, not in rows. 5 Rosa Rugosa 5 Spirea Van Houttei 5 Snowball 10 Japanese (Quince 5 .Syringa 5 Weigela Rosea 1 Snowberry Collection "J" Hardy shrubbery for use interchangeably with Collection "I" or in addition to it where desired on larger places. Plant in the same manner. 5 Old-fashioned Lilacs, 5 Hydrangea Pan 5 Deutzia, Pride of Grandiflora Rochester 5 High Bvsh Cranberry 10 Deutzia Lemoini 10 Snowball 5 Prairie Rose Collection "K" Hardy, native shrubs for naturalistic effects, masses, border?, and screens. Selected also for lino autumn colors. 5 Slnghorn Sunuich 5 Common .Sumach (Rhus Typhina) (Rhus Glabra) 5 Common Sumach 5 Dogwood (Cornus Alba (Rhus Aromatica) or Siberica) Collection "L" Large-growing, liarily shrubs for heavy screens, hiding out-buildings and big masses generally. 5 Spirea Van Houttei 5 Honeysuckle ,1,'ipan Hush 5 Syringa .5 Pr.airie Rose Collection "M" Fine, delicate, but hardy shrubs for planting along the foundations of the house, near porches, and where they will be .seen at closest range. 5 Spirea Van Houttei 10 Deutzia Lemoini 5 Japanese Rose , Globe Flower Collection "N" Lilac should be planted in groups in corners of the back yard or similar places. These budded varieties are as far superior to the common Lilac as grafted Apples are to wild Apples. 2 Ludwig Spath 2 President Grevy (reddish pjrple) (bUie) 2 Madame Abel Chatenay (white) Collection "O" These extra hard\- Roses are especially recom- mended for planting in the northern United States. 2 Paul Neyron (pink) 2 General Jacqueminot 2 Marshall P. Wilder ferimson) (red) 2 Conrad F. Meyer 2 Snow Queen (pure (silvery pink) snow white) Collection "P" These are the b^st everbloo'ning Tea and Hy- brid Tea Roses. They aie only moderati^ly hardv, and, when planted north of Philadelphia and l;t. Louis, should ^e given protection in winter by wrapping with newspapers and pulling the dirt op around the base. 3 Maman Cochet (pink) 4 Wm. R. Smith (creamy 3 White Cochet (whitO pink) Collection "R" .Showy climbers for front or side porches and other prominent situations. 2 Dorothy Perkins 2 Honeysuckle Collection "S" Climbers for large mixed planting, especially where large screens are to be developed. 2 Honeysuckle 2 Crimson Rambler Rose 2 Clematis Japanese 2 Trumpet Vino Collection "T" Hardy perennial old-fashioned plants for the flower garden. I'lant in rich soil and fertilize annually. 3 Peonies, assorted G Phlox, .assorted (5 Iris, assorted Collection "U" Twenty .assorted Phlox for use in front of the larger shrubbery mns.ses, as a border alont-^ the walk, or in the fioiver garden. 20 Phlox, assorted Collection "V" Peonies for the flower garden, in groups beside the porch, in angles of the house, beside tne garden gate, or similar places. 3 Festiva Maxima 3 Jeanne d'Arc Collection "W" Hardy Iris for any position where fine flowers are desired. 15 Iris, .assorted Collection "X" Fine orn.amentiil frfit trees for the lawn. 4 Cr.ab Apple, Ilyslop or iilxcelsior foot must be used to the best advantage. When the houw CITY RESIDENCE PLAN This is a typical small lot, 75 feet by 100 feet. Every sci is placed on one side, it gives the largest possible space. Note that the shrubbery masses are set close to the outer boundaries to make the grounds appear larger and more extensive At the top of the plan, the hedge of Barberry (FF) takes the place of a fence. Just below it in the "flower border," Peonies, Phlox, or Iris can be planted, or such annuals as Nasturtiums or small vegetables. Ttiis plan should also be used for a small lot in a town or village, using a somewhat different variety of trees. CoUecCion "A" Trees for ordinary village streets. Plant 15 to 30 feet apart. 5 Silver Maple Collection "B" Street trees for immediate etTect- Plant 20 to 30 feet apurt. Those may be nll«ruated with Elrnn or ottier permaneut trees and removed in 6 to 5 Caroliun Poplar Collection "D" Treea for narrow or amoki' city streets Plant 12 to 3U feet apart. 6 Horse Cbe.itQUt Note: Only one of these three collections to be Sole: Unly c lued in this plan Collection "T" This Barberry is especially su It is very hardy, low-growinii. wil Af^v and red berries, which I winter. It has thorns y-'--^ prevent children and doj Two units are used. smaUer places. 3 Spirea Van Uouttei 5 Deutzia Lemoini 2 Snowball 5 Weigela Rosea Collection "K" Hardy, native shrubs for naturalistic effects, Selected also for tine 5 Coiumou Sumach d Dogwood (Cornus Alba (Rhus Aromatioa) or Siberica) Collection "L" Large-growi riR. hardy shrubs for heavy Orange 5 Prairie Rose (Rosa Note: Two of these unita are used in this plan. Collection ' 'M' ' Fine, delicate, but hardy shruba (or planting along the ioundai ■ the clothing. Set ^ f P"«» ] ,nd where they will be s ) Deutzia Lemoini ' back yard or similar places. These buddec as grafted Apple; 2 Ludwig fc" (reddiabuui, . 2 Madame Abel Chutenay (white) Collection ' 2 Marahall P. Wilder (red) 2 Snow Queen (pure (pink) 2 General Jacquemino* 2 Conrad F. Meyet Collection "P" They are only inoderateiy hardj. wrapping with newspaper and pulling the dirt i Collection "V" beside the garden gate. < 9 of 3 Festiva Maxima , in angles of Ute houM- r in similar places. 3 Jeanne d'Arc SUBURBAN HOME PLAN. This place is 140 feet by IGO feet. The marRins are not planted as closely as in the smaller town or city lot. You will note that the method of planting produces the effect of prcater expanse. The lawn in front is kept open, but the shrubbery conceals the unsiglitly foundations. Two (M) collection units are used in front, one at the riRht, the other at the left of the front steps. Steps at the side lead directly into the flower garden, which is planted on three sides to secure privacy. The shrubbery- mass (H) screens the laundrj' yard and other buildings from view, except from the kitchen. The hedge along the "drive" is a double row of plants set a foot apart each way. It makes a more desirable hedee than a single row. The street treea in front are 5 Silver Maples— Collection "A." These quick-growing trees will last a great manv years but some prefer to plant the slower-growing, longer-lived Sugar Maples at the places indicated, and Silver Maples and Poplars in between. Those fast-frowing trees arc cut out as soon as the Sugar Majilos have attained sufficient For the orchard, no collections arc specified, as the kinds and varieties should be selected to suit the taste. A general i>lan for the fruit gar'rin8a 6 Weigelo Ilosea Collection "J" )it and locaUty and TteP8 I .30 fo«t api riint 15 t hedge. ordiuary villntcc 5 Silver Mapio Collection "P" The Barberry U especinlly suited for It is very bardy, low-growing, nith attractive (oli- ase and red berrice, wbi''h bang on w<;Il into tbe winter. It baa thornii which arc sharp enough to prevent obildrcn auil dogs from tranipbni; it down. but not Btrona enough to t^ar the rlothinn, Sol plants about 1 foot apart. 75 Jnpunese Barberry- Note: Two unita are used in this plan. Collection "H" Medium-height, fine Hbrubbery for tlie smallfr 5 Spirea Van Houttoi 10 Snowb< 3 Spirea Van Houttoi 5 Deutnia Lpmoini 2 Snowball 5 Weigela Rosea Collection "I" Hardy sbrubbery for border planting, s Hardy shrubbery for use ioterohangeably with Collection "I" or in addition lo it where desired on larger places. Place in tbe same manner. llochester 10 Deutsi 5 Prai i Hydrangea Pan J Snowball (Viburi Note: Opulua Sterile) > units are used in this plan. Collection "M" , but hardy shrubs for planting and where they t , 5 Spirea Van Houttei 6 Japn along tbe foundations of tbe boi To"' at closest range. Deutzia Lemoini Collection "&" Showy climbera for front or aide porches and 2 Dorothy Perkins 2 Honeysui-kle Collection "T" Jd-fo-xhioned plants for ( >il and ft Phlox, assorted Hardy, annually. Plant loil and fertiliie asaortod Collection ' Twenty aaaortcd Plilox for uw orted larger shrub ben border along the Two 20 Phloi. assorted Collection "V" Peoniea for use in the flower garden, in g: ^aide the porcn. in angles of tbe bouse, b X garden gate, or similar places. Feativa Maxima 3 Jeanne d'Aro Note: Two units are uaed in tois plan. Collection "W" Hardy Iris for any position where fire fli e desired. 15 Ins. assorted Note: Three unita are used in this plan Collection "X" Fine ornamental fruit trees for the lawn 9 5 IP 20 ap Ao ^ ^o 6o 70 ^o go 19 1 it • • ^ ; ; :^ ' N : -^ : ^ / ^/ J (. ' J y ( • u \. •^ \. ^^ 'V. .J y 40 5jO 60 70 ao 90 HOW TO MAKE YOUR OWN PLAN. Spend enough time on your plan to make it complete. Then in later seasons, when you add more shrubs, roses, etc., they will harmonize with your first planting. Perhaps you do not care to do all your planting at one time. In any case, you will avoid the evils of the "hit-and-miss" method, and secure the best results, if you first lay out a definite, complete plan. You know the dimensions of your grounds, or can easily measure them. Each square in the cross-section sheet represents one foot. (You can let each square rejiresent two feet or more, according to the size of your place.)* Locate the house in the proper place, drawing to scale. Draw in other buildings, walks, trees, and other permanent objects. Determine what part of the grounds should be kept open. If 3'ou have an attractive view from a window, do not obstruct the outlook by your planting. Mark the location for the planting of trees, shrubs, etc., accord- ing to the principles explained in this book and illustrated on the blue prints. Locate the collections to meet your particular taste and requirements. The result will be comparable wdth the effect secured by an ex- pert, and your satisfaction will be the greater because you have done it yourself. ♦Note: Vso a pencil then you can erase if necessary. Scale 10 — 20 — 30 — 4p"-i'0— 60— 70---80 — 90 — 100 Feet COUNTRY RESIDENCE. 1 • I ■• IV- -\ ■ '. « 1 1 _l 1 -r T U V W KIJK [ ■ ./■'!■;> -J I Croquet '^^ J ^ H I Cj n w A Y 9 ^ 10 y 3u 40 y &o ''^ ao ,90 ip o The more open surroundings make it unnecessary to plant the margins as closely as on a small lot. Note how collection (K) is placed to cut off the view of the barn and buildings in the rear. The shrubbery is planted in larger masses in kce[iing with the wiile, open spaces. The Silver Maples along the main highway at "A" may be planted with the slower- growing Sugar Maples in between. The former can be cut out as soon as the Sugar Maples reach the desired size. Where the soil and other conditions will jicrniit, the home orchard should be located near the house. Tliis will insure better care and greater convenience. Collection "A" Trees for ordinary village streets. Plant 15 to 30 feet apart. 5 Silver Mai)te Note: Two of these units are used in this plan. Collection "E" Hardy deciduous trees for shade and general ornamental effect. 2 Silver Maple 2 American Elm 1 Green Ash 2 Carolina Poplar Collection "J" Hardy shrubljcry for use interchange- ably with Collection "I" or in addition to it where desired on larger i)la(;cs. Plant m continuous borders, not in sep- arate beds, but put all the plants of each kind together.. Plant about 2 feet apart each way, irregularly, n(,t in rows. 5 01d-fashiono(l]Lilacs 5 Hydrangea 5 Deutzia, Pride of Pan, Grandiflora, Rochester 5 High Bush (Jran- 10 Deutzia Lemoini berry 5 Prairie Rose 10 Snowball (Vihurn- (Rosa Setigera) um Opulus Sterile) Note: Two of these units are used in this plan. Collection "K" Hardy native snrui)s for naturalistic efTccts, ma.sses, borders, and screens. Se- lected also for fine autumn colors. 5 Staghorn Suniadi 5 Coniinoii Sumacli (Rhus TJ^)hina) (Rhus Glabra) 5 Common Sumach 5 Dogwood (Cornus (lllius Aromat- Alba or Siber- ica) ica) Collection "M" l''ine, delicate, but hardy shrub.s for planting along the foundations of the house, near jiorches, and where seen at clo.sest range. 5 Si)irea Van 10 Deutzia Lemoini Hcuttei 5 Japanese l{<,.se, Glone 1 'lower Note: Two of these units are used in this plan. Collection "S" Climbers for large mixed planting, e.s- jiecially where largo screens are to be developed. 2 Honeysuckle 2 Trumiiet Vine 2 Clematis, Japanese 2 Crimson Rambler Rose Collection "T" Hardy i)erennial old-fashioned plants for the flower garden. Plant in rich soil and give some fertilizer annually. 3 Peonies, assorted 6 Phlox, assorted 6 Iris, assorted COUNTRY RESIDENCE. The more open surroundings make it unnecessary to plant the margins as closely as on a small lot. Note how collection (K) is placed to cut off the view of the barn and buildings in the rear. The shrubbery is planted in larger masses in keeping with the wide, open spaces. The Silver Maples along the main highway at "A" may be planted with the slower- growing Sugar Maples in between. The former can be cut out as soon as the Sugar Maples reach the desired size. Where the soil and other conditions will permit, the home orchard should be located near the house. This will insure better care and greater convenience. Collection "A" Trees for ordinary village streets. Plant 15 to 30 feet apart. 5 Silver Maple Note: Two of these units are used in this plan. Collection "E" Hardy deciduous trees for shade and general ornamental effect. 2 Silver Maple 2 American Elm 1 Green Ash 2 CaroUna Poplar Collection "J" Hardy shrubbery for use interchange- ably witli Collection "I" or in addition to it where desired on larger places. Plant m continuous borders, not in sep- arate beds, but put all the plants of each kind together.. Plant about 2 feet apart each way, irregularly, not in rows. 5 01d-fashioned]Lilacs 5 Hydrangea 5 Deutzia, Pride of Pan, Grandiflora, Rochester 5 High Bush Cran- io Deutzia Lemoini berry 5 Prairie Rose 10 Snowball (Viburn- (Rosa Setigera) um Opulus Sterile) Note: Two of these units are used in this plan. Collection "K" Hardy native snrubs for naturalistic effects, masses, borders, and screens. Se- lected also for fine autumn colors. 5 Staghorn Sumach 5 Common Sumach (Rhus Ty])hina) (Rhus Glabra) 5 Common Sumach 5 Dogwood (Cornus (Rhus Aromat- Alba or Siber- ica) ica) Collection "M" Fine, delicate, but hardy shrubs for planting along the foundations of the house, near porches, and where seen at closest range. 5 Spirea Van 10 Deutzia Lemoini Houttei 5 Japanese Rose, GloDe I'lower Note: Two of these units are used in this plan. Collection "S" Climbers for large mixed planting, es- pecially where large screens are to be developed. 2 Honeysuckle 2 Trumpet Vine 2 Clematis, Japanese 2 Crimson Rambler Rose Collection "T" Hardy perennial old-fashioned plants for the flower garden. Plant in rich soil and give some fertilizer annually. 3 Peonies, assorted 6 Phlox, assorted 6 Iris, assorted SHRUBS— DESCRIPTIONS 25 SHRUBS Shrubs are the most important ornamentals. They are vakied and appreci- ated more and more, as indicated by a thousand sold now to one a generation ago. They have the greatest range of color and bloom, and occupy the most important space in the garden — and they give the quickest results. They are especially valued where there is only room for a few trees. The tall shrubs planted as a boundary make an effectual screen, and even on the larger estates an under- growth of shrubbery is usually planted under the trees along the boundary. Many fine old places have an excellent growth of trees, but lack a proper planting of shrubs. Shrubs are the natural complement of trees, filling in the gap between their l)ranches and the ground, and it is possible to get homelike results from shrubs that it would take years to acquire wit'.i trees alone. Anyone who has walked through woods from which all the natural imdergrowth has been cleared away by an over-tidy owner, realizes that they have lost half their charm. Trees can not be planted close to a house without robbing it of fight and air, but tall shrubs, as a background for lower ones grouped around them, take off the sharpness of the corners, and let the sunshine stream in at the windows. Banked in front of foundation walls, they relieve the harshness of the line where house and land meet. The home nestles cosily in a nest of green, instead of springing suddenly from the lawn like a Jack-in-a-box. It is cheaper to use shrubs to hide a steej) bank or a deep cavity than it is to grade them. Many a hou.se set on a narrow ridge of hill-to]) would appear to be less in danger of falling over the edge if the slopes around it were broadened by shrubs . 26 SHRUBS— DESCKll'TlONS ALTHEA,*or ROSE OF SHARON (Hibiscus Syriacus) (Totus Alba) A large single bell-shaped white flower, somewhat resembling the Hollyhock, blooming the latter part of the summer, when most other flowers are gone. Blooms from July to September. Flowers are white, three inches in diameter. Bush, upright, eight to twelve feet tall. Use: one of the most satisfactory large shrubs for jilanting singly, in climips, in masses, or as a hedge; hardy, succeeds everywhere. Planting Distance, three feet. Prune in winter for iirofusion of bloom. Do not allow the plant to run up, leaving base bare. Althea. BARBERRY An'excellent shrub for mass planting and hedges. See page 38. DEUTZIA LEMOINI One of the best medium-sized shrubs for planting singly or in masses; a very profuse bloomer. , , , -^i , ^ c ii Vf Blooms June-July. Flowers : branches are loaded with clusters of small white bell-shaped flowers. " Bush, three to four feet tall, dense, spreading. Use: very effective small shrub for planting singly or around the borders of shrubbery masses. One of the hardiest, thrives everywhere. Planting Distance, two teet. Prune in the spring, cutting out old, weakened canes. Dntit.Hn T.«Tno»nl. On«'of the best low ahriibs. SHRUBS— DESCRIPTIONS 27 DEUTZIA, PRIDE OF ROCHESTER (Deutzia Crenata) This beautiful shrub is taller, more up- right growing than the Deutzia Lemoini, and may be used as a background or in the center of shrubbery masses. The foli- age is particularly bright and clean, and the great profusion of flowers makes it one of the most satisfactory shrubs. Blooms in the early spring, May or June, about two weeks ahead of Deutzia Le- moini. Flowers, white, slightly tinted with pink, borne singly and in clusters. Bush, six to eight feet tall, upright. Used for hedges, shrubbery masses, and a background. Succeeds equally well in the shade and the sunlight. Planting Dis- tance, two feet apart. Prune in summer, just after they are through blooming. Trim the bush as required and cut out all old, weakened canes. Deutzia, Pride of Rochester. DOGWOOD (Siberian Red Osier) Its bright red color is especially desiral)le for (Cornus Alba Siberica) autumn and winter effects. Do not confuse this with the common Dogwood, described on page 11. Bloom, small and insignificant. It is valuable for its attractive smooth red bark and many clusters of small blue berries. Foliage takes on briUiant colors in the autumn. Bush, ten feet tall, straight, upright growth. Use as a background for smaller-growing shrubs and single specimens. Succeeds equally well in shady and sunny places. Extremely hardy. Planting Distance, two and a half to three feet apart. Prune lightly in the winter or spring, when the plants are dormant. Cut out all old, weakened canes. GOLDEN BELL The earliest-blooming shrub, April-May. Flowers appear be- (Forsythia Suspensa) fore the leaves and the canes are long wreaths of bright yellow bloom. Flowers, bright yellow, bell-shaped, about an inch long. Bush, six to eight feet tall, spreading and curving over until the tips touch the ground. Use: exceptionally good for planting on the outer margin of shrub groups. It can also be trained over arbors, fences, and porches like a low-growing vine. Hardy, thrives in nearly all soils. Foliage, bright, clean, and untroubled by insects. Plant- ing Distance, about two feet. Pruning: remove any dead or weakened growth in the spring, after it is through blooming. HIGH BUSH CRANBERRY A large (Viburnum Opulus) bush, re- seml)ling the common Snowball in foliage and somewhat in flower, but the flowers are fertile and develop beautiful clusters of red and gold waxen berries. These form in midsummer and hang on into the winter. Attractive red fohage lasts until late in the autumn. 'This fast-growing bush gives quick results. Blooms May -June. The many small white flowers form a ball-like cluster, three to four inches in diameter. Bush, eight to twelve feet high, spreading, up- right, fast-growing. Use: the center of shrubbery masses, as a hedge plant and background for smaller-growing siirubs. Very hardy. Planting Distance, two and a half to three feet apart. Prune in sum- Hi£:h Busb Cranberry Bloom. 28 SHRUBS— DESCRIPTIONS High Bush Cranberry. The berries are even more beautiful than the flowers, brilliant, waxy, red and yellow. mer, just after^they^ are through blooming, cutting out old, weak canes, shortening back those that are too long. HONEYSUCKLE, JAPAN BUSH (Lonicera Morrowii) This beautiful shrub has dense green foliage, and a profusion of flowers, followed by sliining red berries, which hang on until winter. It is one of the best ' 'all-season" shrubs. Blooms appear during May and June; small, creamy-white trumpet-shaped flow- ers, an inch long. Bush, five to six feet tall. Dense, spreading, round shape. Use : especially in shrubbery masses wl ere dense foliage is required. Also forn,s a very attractive natural round hedge. Hardy; succeeds equally in the shade or sunshine ; fast grower. Planting Distance, two and a half to three feet. Prune light- ly in the winter or spring, when ])lants are dormant. Remove the old, weakened Honeysuckle, Bush (Lonicera Morrowii). canes — also where they are too thick. HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS STERILIS Conspicuous for its huge white pan- (Hills of Snow) icles of dense balls made up of many little dainty flowers; somewhat resembles the Snowball, but much larger. Blooms in June-July, earlier than any other Hj'drangea. Bush, four to ten feet tall, up- right, spreading. Use: for ])lanting in shrubberj- mass or hedge ,well back from walks or drives. Its large flowers show up effectively at a distance. Very hardy, fast grower, succeeds equally in shade or sunlight. Planting Distance, two and a half to three feet apart. Prime lightly in the winter or spring wl>en j)lants are dormant. Cut out old, weakened canes entirely. HYDRANGEA (Large-flowered) This Hydrangea is especially popular, because (H. Pan. Grandiflora) it blooms late in the summer, when flowers are scarce. Its huge clusters of flowers, often a foot long or more, are larger than those of any other shmb. It also has beautiful foliage. Bloom is wliite, turning to pink with the first frost. Bush, eight to ten feet tall, upright, spreading, fast-growing. Use in shrubbery masses and hedges, well back from walks and drives. Thrives best in the sun; very hardy. Planting Distance, two and a half to three feet. Prune lightly in the winter or spring, when the plants are dormant. Prune severely for quantity of flowers, less so for larger trusses. SHRUBS 29 Hydrangea Paniculata Grandiflora. i/./- :■ ' ■ =%'.LiUiiJ^ ^ ^^^^S.j^ "*^^^^' ^^P^ '^Bfr* 1 ^^,^^ |^.,J|lpJ 'Mrn^^ jgi^'.J! |t-£^ ^m^ f^«i Hydrangea Arborescens Sterilis (Hills of Snow). :«) SHRUBS— DESCKIKIIONS Japanese Rose, Globe Flower. (Kerria Japonica.) JAPAN QUINCE One of the most at- tractive early-flowering shrubs. (See page 38, under "Hedges, " for complete descrip- tion.) JAPANESE ROSE, GLOBE FLOWER (Kerria Japonica) An old garden favorite. Dainty, graceful flowers and foliage; especiallygood near walks and drives where it will be seen close- ly and becaruse it blooms throughout the entire season. Blooms appear very early in May and continue throughout the summer; bright yellow, resembling small single roses. Bush, four to eight feet tall; broad-spread- ing, with many short, slender, drooping branches and twigs wliich retain the green color throughout the spring. Use: espe- cially in border or as a specimen. Hardy; thrives in any good garden soil; it does well in sunlight, but prefers partial shade. Planting Distance, two feet apart each wa}'. Prune lightly in winter or spring, when i)lants are dormant. PRAIRIE ROSE This is a true Rose, but is listed here because it is most val- (Rosa Setigera) uable as a shrub, one of tlie most beautiful for planting near the walks and drives where it will be seen closely. The best "Wild Rose." Flowers, large, single, rose-colored, one and a half inches across; in large clus- ters. Blooms late in July or August; very attractive red seed-pods form the latter part of the summer. Flowers are like wild Roses, single, rose-colored. Bush grows six feet tall; forms dense, spreading bush. Use: extremely hardy, thrives everywhere, even in trying sit- uations. Planting Distance, two feet a])art each way. Prune lightly in win- ter or spring when plants are dormant. PRIVET Used for li e d g e s more than any o t her shrub. When sheared closely it forms no flowers; otherwise, it will produce clusters of small flowers re- sembling the Lilac. Its bright glossy fo- liage makes a very attractive back- ground for other low-growing shrubs. Grows 1 to 1 5 feet tall. Prairie Rose (Rosa Setigera). SHRUBS— DESCRIPTIONS 31 ROSA RUGOSA rius is a true Rose, (Japanese) often planted in the ex- treme North for its flowers, but its great- est value is as a shrub, as it has unusually attractive dark green foliage and red seed pods. Blooms appear in May and continue un- til midsummer. Flowers are large white single roses, three inches or more across, followed by clusters of large reddish seed- pods. Bush, four to five feet tall, dense upright growth. Use as hedge or shrub- bery mass; extremely hardy. Planting Distance, two feet apart. Pruning : do not prune except to remove the old bark-bound canes in the winter or early spring. SNOWBALL An old-time (Viburnum Opulus Sterile) garden favorite. Blooms in early spring, May or June. Flowers, large round clusters of many small sterile blooms. Bush, six to nine feet tall; upright dense growth. Use as center of shrubbery masses or a back- ground for small-growing shrubs. Hardy, adaptable everywhere. Planting Dis- tance, two and a half to three feet. Prune in summer, just after blooming, cutting out old canes, shortening back the new growth. SNO WBERRY One of t h e (Symphoticarpus Racemosus) daintiest, most attractive small shrubs, especially good for planting near walks and drives. Clusters of pearly white berries develo]i early and hang until late winter. Blooms appear very, early May or J une ; small and insignificant, but the clusters of round, white berries are very attractive. Bush grows four to five feet tall, drooi>- ing gracefully. Use at the outer margin of the shrubbery border, as single plants, also as a hedge, as it will stand a great deal of shearing; very hardy; thrives in the shade or sun. Planting Distance, one-half to two feet apart. Prune lightly in tlie winter or spring, when plants are dor- mant. Cut out old, weakened oanes. SDOwball. (Viburnum Opulus Sterile.) Snowberry. (SympboricarpuB Eacemosug.). 32 SPIREA— DESCRIPTIONS X SPIREA Most attractive shrub of all ; (S. Van Houttei) can be used in more ways and places and will give more satisfaction than any other shrub. The flowers and foli- age are dainty and attractive near walks and drives where it will be seen closely, yet the foliage is dense and the flowers so numerous that it is equally satisfactory to plant where it will be seen at a distance. It is the favor- ite everywhere, succeeding on all soils and under all conditions. If you ])lajit only one s'lrub, it should be Spirea. Blooms early — May or June. Flowers are white, very small. The clus- ters or " rosettes " appear in profusion the en- tire length of the branches. Form graceful, (h'ooping wreaths. Bush, four to six feet tall. Use singly, in shrubbery border, hedge, or masses to hide the foundation of the house. Hardy, thrives in spite of neglect. Planting Distance, two feet. Prune lightly in the winter or when plants are dormant. Shorten back young canes and cut out the old, weakened ones entirely. Spirea Van Houttei — The Best Shrub. Shrubbery Planting. The Spirea Van Houttei bears a small, dainty flower, but in such profusion that it'is one of the most conspicuous shrubs. Note the two large clumps on either side of the walk. SHRUBS— DESCRIPTIONS 33 SUMAC There is a growing appreciation of the beauty of our native plants, (Rhus Glabra) which are also 1 ardier and more vigorous than imported varieties. The Sumac is one of our most beautiful native shrubs. Its large fern-like leaves make it especially attractive as a foliage plant. Bloom appears in June, but its great attractiveness is in the long tapering clusters of crimson berries and fern-like foliage. Foliage turns bright red in the autumn. Bush, ten to fifteen feet tall, upriglit, spicading, fast grower. Use on rocky places or steep embankments where other shrubs will not thrive, or as a background for other shrubs. Extremely hardy; thrives best in the sun. Planting Distance, three feet apart. Pruning: for best results, cut back to the ground every other 3'ear or so. It will s]irout fresh from the stump. If unpruned, it grows tall and ragged. SUMAC Similar to the Sumac described above, but smaller-growing and (Rhus Aromatica) better for use where a low-growing shrub is desired. It has a very pleasant woodsy fragrance. Flowers appear early hefoie the leaves, fol- lowed by clusters of small coral-red berries, which stay on throughout the winter. Bush, three to eight feet tall, low-spreading head, especially suited for planting at the edge of large shrubbery irasses or under trees. Thrives everywhere. Planting Distance, two feet. Prune same as Sumac Glabra. SUMAC STAGHORN This is tall-growing and is used where a small tree is desired. See description under "Ornamental Trees," page 12. SWEET SHRUB, OR CAROLINA ALLSPICE This old favorite has small, vel- (Calycanthus Floridus) vety, dark red flowers, and a sweet, penetrating fragrance that is very pleasant. Blooms in June and at intervals throughout the summer. Wood is also fra- grant. Flowers are dark, dull red. Bush, three to six feet tall, upright. Use in shrubbery masses near walks or the outer margins of shiubbery masses. Haidy, succeeds in the shade. Planting Distance, one and a half to two feet apart. Prune in the summer, just after the first bloom. Sumac Staghorn (Rhus Typhina). The fern-like foliage with loner plumes of small red berries adds character and distinctiveness to shrubbery planting. This Sumac is used as a large shrub or a small ornamental tree. (See page 12.) 34 UESURIPTIUNS— SHRUBS One of the most fragrant white Hovvers. With yellow stamens at the center, the blooms SYRINGA, OR MOCK ORANGE (Philadelphus Coronarius) resemble orange blossoms. Blooms in June; white flowers with yellow centers, an inch or more across; fragrant. Bush, seven to ten feet tall, straight, upright growth. Use especially for a hedge to screen unsightly views and for planting in the centers of masses where tall, upright shrubs are required. Hardy, succeeds either in sun or shade. Planting Distance, two feet apart. Prune lightly in winter or spring when plants are dormant. Syringa, or Mock Orange (Philadelphus Coronarius). WEIGELA ROSEA Bright rose-colored, trumpct-sliaped flowers, like the Honey- CD. Florida) suckle, borne in long, graceful sprays; suited for planting near the walks, as well as at a distance, but necessary in every shrubbery border large or small. Blooms very early — May or June, just after the Lilacs. Best flowering shrub of the season. Continues to produce some blooms throughout the sunmier. Flow- ers are a beautiful rose color, in great profusion; very striking and attractive. Bush, about six feet tall, ujjright, spreading growth, esjiccially attractive foUage and unusually free from insects and diseases. Does well in the shade and under large trees where others fail. Generally adaptable everywhere. Extremely hardy. Planting Distance, two feet apart. Pruning: tliin out the old wood, cutting part of it back to the ground any time during the late winter or spring. Weigela Rosea (D. Florida) ULACS 35 The old-fashioned purple Lilac has a delicious fragrance that lingers in the memory from one blooming season to another. No shrub has been so highly de- veloped under cultivation. The best new varieties have immense clusters of large plumes, laden with sweetness. Some are double, some single. The white, reddish purple, and blue varieties lend themselves to many color schemes. Tlie Lilac grows rapidly, flowers profusely, has beautiful rich green foliage, free from insects. It can be used in many ways; for hedges, masses, for hiding ob- jectionable sights, and, when planted alone, it makes a good bush, which improves with age and bears more blooms each year. Cut flowers from the improved varieties find a ready sale on the city markets. The old flower clusters should be removed, and the pruning done as soon as they are through blooming, as the bloom buds for next year form late the preceding summer. LILAC, OLD-FASHIONED PURPLE So well known as to need no detailed (S. Vulgaria) description. Grows eight to ten feet tall. Upright. Hardy. Suitable for mass or hedge. LUDWIG SPATH Long plumes of single, perfectly formed, little flowers of a dark reddish purple. The inside of the flower is darker than the outside, showing beautiful contrasting shadows. Blooms in May or June. Uj^right; six to eight feet tall. Hardy. MADAME ABEL CHATENAY Large trusses of plumes. The dainty little flow- ers are double and of exceeding purity and whiteness. The best of all the whites. Blooms in May or June. Upright; six to eight feet tall. Hardy. PRESIDENT GREVY A light blue. Double. The trusses are unusually large and perfect. One of the rarest and best. Blooms in May or June. Upright; six or eight feet tall. Note. — There is as much difference between the budded Lilacs — Ludwig Spath, Madame Abel Chatenay, President Grevy — and the Old-fashioned purple as there is between the new varieties of fruits and wild seedlings. The budded varieties are uniform, have larger bloom, greater fragrance and beauty. Lllar — Maiianae Ahol Chatenay. pure white Lilac — ^Ludwijr Spath. reddish purple 36 CLIMBING VINES Many and varied are the uses of climbing vines— to drape, to mantle, to cover, totrarne, to beautify, to protect, to transform, to screen, to conceal Their soft drajjery mercifully hides ugly buildings and other unsightly objects. Shady pergo- las leal y arches, and pendant garlands en trees or over hedge-rows make beautiful pictures m themselves. (Am?i?Jp?i^vJLwi) 'l^^'i«,y,"^e di"gs to walls by little adhesive disks and forms a dense (Ampeiopsis Veitchii) mat- ike fohage, spreading rapidly over walls of two-story build- ing.s tall chinmeys, foundations, or covering unsightly telephone and trolley-poles In the autumn it glows with colors as brilliant as the Maple. It lo.ses its leaves in winter, giving any dampness a chance to dry out. Wood and paint that have had the protection of its leaves all summer are found to be in better condition than the exposed parts. Set vines ten to fifteen feet apart. Should have covering the first winter following planting, after which it is hardy. CLEMATIS, JAPANESE Dainty little star-shaped white flowers,borne in clusters, (o. ramcuiata) completely cover the upper part of the vine, giving out a rich, honey-hke fragrance that carries a great distance. The flowers are lasting and open late in summer, followed by the feathery seeds, which are verv attractive 1 he brilliant deep green, leathery foliage is very dense and beautiful, often holding on until early winter. The vine is a rapid grower and will clothe large spaces quicldy. Set vines eight to twelve feet apart, depending on how dense a screen is ciesirca. Hardy. HONEYSUCKLE HALL'S Small trumpet-shaped flowers, a pure white u-hich (Lomcera Japonica Halliana) o-ndnflllv plionor. ^r. a i;,ri.+ , ii F"'^ """;«. w inLii f , , , , ., \ graauaiiy change to a light yellow. Ihere is a pow- erful sweetness about them that is wonderfully pleasant and also attracts humming- birds. Blooms in June, August, and late fall. Foliage is a rich dark green, that continues through the winter m some places and lasts until Christmas in the North Climbs up about fifteen feet. Set plants eight to twelve feet apart, when used as a screen. Set five feet apart, when vine is to train on the ground and form a carpet. L an be used in this way to cover unsightly banks. Hardy. Honeysuckle. Clematis. Japanese. CLIMBING VINES 37 TRUMPET VINE (Trumpet Honeysuckle) The Trumpet Vine is one of tlie most (Tecoma Radicans) satisfactory vines. It has been truly named, for the flowers, borne in chisters at the tips of its many branches, have a marked resemblance to trumpets. They are about three inches long, and a striking orange-red or scarlet. It blooms from July to the end of the summer. The flowers are very attractive, and the foliage has an even greater charm — a combination seldom found in any one vine. The leaves are made up of small leaflets arranged along the stem, and the foliage is so heavy and luxuriant that it forms graceful masses, which are especially fme for covering fences, rock walls', banks, trellises, and tree trunks. The branches will cling to either wood or brick by means of httle rootlets at the joints of the vine. With its rich, dark green foliage and graceful habits, it brings the atmosphere of the natural woods to your garden. It is^ hardy, a very fast grower, and will give results when planted in new places. Set vines ten to fifteen feet apart. WISTARIA, JAPANESE The best permanent vine. A climbing tree in itself, (W. Chinensis Multijuga) often attaining great size and age. Can be trained on walls, arbors, etc., and is esi^ecially beautiful when the vine is growing over ancl through a live Locust tree — the foliage and flowers resemble each other, but the Wistaria blooms later than the Locust. The fohage is a light green. The delicate pea-like flowers are borne in clusters one to three feet long — several times longer than the old Chinese Wistaria. This is the true Japanese Wistaria, which is a beau- tiful purple. There are a hundred or more small flowers in one cluster. Blooms early, with a second small crop of flowers in August. Thrives best when left severely alone . One vine will cover a large space, but to get quick results it is best to set them every ten or fifteen feet. Don't prune; don't fertilize. Hardy. For other climbers, see under Roses. Wistaria. Ivy and Climbing American Beauty Rose. 38 HEDGES The hedge takes the place of a disfiguring fence and makes a beauty of a necessity. There are hedges for all kinds of surroundings, straight, upright Altheas or gracefully drooping Spirea, as well as the closely clipped hedge of Privet, the Japan Quince, or the thorny Barberry. For planting distances, see page 16. Barberry (Japanese). The best low-growing protective Hedge — requires no attention. BARBERRY, JAPANESE Graceful arching twigs. Foliage coppery scarlet in the (Berberis Thunbergii) fall. Many decorative berries, which hang on all win- ter. Three to three and one-half feet tall. Quick grower. Unusually hardy. Thrives North or South. Stands heavy shearing, but usually does best when per- mitted to grow naturally. The best low ornamental defensive hedge. Has many small thorns, but they will not tear the clothing. Succeeds in the shade. HONEYSUCKLE, JAPAN BUSH (Lonicera Morrowii) feet tall. See page 28. The Japan Bush Honeysuckle makes a dense, gracefully rounded hedge. Grows five to six JAPAN QUINCE Bright blooming, scarlet flowers in May, and shiny green foli- (Cydonia Japonica) j^ge A close-chpped hedge in bloom forms a wonderful pattern of scarlet and brilliant green colors. Grows six to seven feet tall. Has spreading, thorny branches, making a strong defensive hedge. Best protective hedge and wind-break for flower gardens. .Stands pruning well. Very hardy. Prefers the sun. PRIVET, CALIFORNIA Smooth, leathery, bright green leaves, almost evergreen. (Ligustrum Ovalifolium) Stands severest pruning and shearing; cut out old, weak canes during winter. Shear new growths during summer after shoots have made several inches growth; can be trained high or low, and sheared with impunity. Eight to ten feet. Free from disease and insect pests. Sometimes kills back to ground in the North, but grows again. The fastest-growing and most popular hedge plant. PRIVET, mOTA This is the hardy Privet; beautiful dark, glossy foliage. Suc- (Ligustrum) cecds in the North, where California TVivet is injured by winters. HEDGES 39 ^*mHi B5?? ainiiiii ^Ji^ w^^ ^M^ ^'". ' ? f*l^^^^^^ ^^f^^H ^i -^•\^< Sr^ 1 Igp^ m 0w^^ i|Bd& *^*'^|^^gwB>JuB .jgOH ^f^m mP^^jH^I^SI ^^g ^^^M y'B^^B hS^Pjm| !■■■■■■■ Spirea Van Houttei. Makes a very graceful, free-growing Hedge. SPIREA VAN HOUTTEI Best white-flowered hedge. Very graceful and does not run riot. Therefore it is good for informal gardens as well as for formal effects. Medium-sized plants are quoted for hedge planting. RUSSIAN OLIVE (Oleaster) The Russian Ohve described on page 12 is the ideal (Elseagnus Angustifolia) plant for tall hedges. Planted singly, it is a small tree, but, planted two to four feet apart in a hedge-row, it makes a dense, branch- ing growth, forming a rounded solid mass of silvery green foUage, ten to twelve feet tall. The growth is very bushy and compact, and makes a uniform, regular hedge. It is also used as a wind-break along with taller-growing trees, as its dense growth fills in the space near the ground, which the taller trees leave open. For a wind-break, see page 10. There are many other plants which make attractive hedges, but should not be sheared as heav- ily as the Barberry, Privet, or Japan Quince. The fcltowing all make graceful decorative hedges: Althea, Deutzia, Lilac, Hydrangea, Syringa, Saowball, Weigela, Rosea, and Snowberry. Also, such Roses as Conrad F. Meyer, the Rugosas, Dorothy Perkins, and the Persian Yellow. Privet. Most v^idely used for Hedges. There is now a hardy form for northern localities. 40 ROSES THE ROSE— "QUEEN OF FLOWERS" These flowers of rarest beauty, in most varied forms, and with the sweetest perfumes, may be had from frost to frost in one glorious succession. The hardy Japanese Rugosas open before the others, then the old-fashioned Persian Yellow, followed by a host of hybrid Perpetuals (H. P.), which make June the "Month of Roses." After the hybrid Perpetuals (which really are not perpetuals) come the hardy new race of hybrid Teas (H. T.), which have the hardiness of the hybrid Perpetuals and the refined, fragrant, and delicate beauty of the Teas. Most won- derful of all, they possess the Teas' hal)it of blooming freely and continuously throughout the summer and autumn. Such loveliness repays many times over your care in cultivation and in providing deep, fertile, well-drained beds. They require a sunny, sheltered spot, away from the roots of shade trees which would rob them of much needed fertility. ANNIE MULLER (Pol. H.) Brilliant, shining pink flowers, medium size (twice (Bolder and bedding Rose) as large as Baby Rambler). Ihe bush is spreading, a larger, stronger grower and more attractive than the Baby Rambler. It is a constant and profuse bloon:er all summer long. The old flowers drop off without detracting from the appearance of the bush. It is the ideal "Baby" Rote for bor- ders and beds. Can be transplanted to a pot in the fall and taken in the hou^e, where it will continue to bloom all winter, a cheery bit of red and gieen. Prune lightly in late winter or early spring. An improved Baby Rambler — superior in every way. Hardy. CLIMBING AMERICAN ^^'onderf ul bright scarlet Rose. The blooms are borne BEAUTY (H. T.) singly and are suitable for cutting. Resembles its American Beauty parent in form and color and its Wichuriana parent in hardiness, vigor, and resistance to diseases, large quantities of bloom, three inches across, are borne in June, and occasional flowers throughout the season. Most beautiful climbing Rose; hardy, stands heat and drouth; foliage does not burn in the sun. Prune in late winter or early spring, cutting out old or weakened canes. COCHET See under Maman Cochet, page 42, and White Cochet, page 43. (The liardiest and best Tea Rose.) Climbing American Beauty Rope. A wondertul new climbing Rose. The flowers are large and suitable for cutting. ROSES 41 Conrad F. Meyer. The hardiest Rose. CONRAD F. MEYER (Hy. Rugosa) (Bedding and shiubbery) Silvery pink, double. Flowers early, con- tinuing througl-.out the season; ver,v fra- grant. For hedges and the lawn. A splendid bedding Rose for the extreme North, where others are too tender. Very vigorous and hardy. \M11 not mildew. Fest hybrid Rugosa. Do not prune except to ren^ove old canes. CRIMSON RAMBLER (Pol.) (Climber) Large trusses or clusters of bright, me- dium-sized, double, crimson flowers. The. most popular climber for walls, porches, and trellises. Unusually vigorous and hard}'. Cut out weak canes as they get older. DOROTHY PERKINS (H. Wich.) (Climber) Beautiful shell-pink flowers, which after a tin e fade to a deep rose; double; petals crinkled and rolled back. Flowers in large, loose clusters. Equal to Crimson Ram- bler in every way, but more elegant, larger, and som.ewhat fragrant. The foliage is small, dainty, and a glossy dark green; hangs late, almost evergreen. The vines twine around their support with a grace that is found in no other climber, and are beautiful with or without bloom. By far the best climbing Rose. An unus- ually vigorous gro\\er. A three-year-old vine at Stark City made forty feet growth. Can be planted in rows and cut back to form a hedge, or trained over fences and trellises. Cut out old canes. Hardy. GENERAL JACQUEMINOT ( H. P.) (Fcr cut flowers) ''General Jack" is a celebrated, all- around Rose. Bright, shining, scarlet- crimson. Rich, shapely buds, soft vel- vety petals. Fragrant. Frune hard during late winter or early s p r i n g . Very hardy. Dorothy Perkins. The most graceful climbing Rose. 42 ROSES Gruss an TepUtz (Virginia R. Coxe) The darkest red. Maman Cochet. The hardiest Tea Rose. GRUSS an TEPLITZ (Virginia R. Coxe) (H. Ben) (For cut flowers, shrubs, or hedge) Dazzling, bright scarlet. Fra- grant. Produces flowers in clus- ters. One of the best dark red Roses for continuous and profuse bloom. Forms beautiful contrast with Snow Queen (see page 43). Rank, vigorous grower. Plant far apart. Prune !)y thinning canes r or early spi'ing. MARSHALL P. WILDER (H. P.) (Synonym — Alfied Colcomb) (For cut flower .1) Deep, dark red. Large, perfect flowers. A clean, vigorous grower and a remarkably constant l)Ioon.er for its class. Fragrant. Strong grower. Prune back lard during late winter or early spring. Hardy. PAUL NEYRON (H. P.) (For bedding in masses and cut flowers) lirigi'.t, clear pink. The largest rose of all; for this reason, and be- cause of its many petals, it is often called the "Peony Rose." Fra- grant. Continuous bloomer. Strong, tall grower, almost thorn- less. Very hardy. Prune heavily during late winter or early si)ring. ROSES 43 PERSIAN YELLOW (Austrian Briar) Deep, golden yellow. Sweetly fragrant. (For shrubbery planting) Seen in old-fashioned gardens; beloved by our grandniotliers. Blooms very early. Old vines should be pruned very little, except to take out weak canes during late winter or early spring. The head should be well tl)inned; canes left for flowering should not be pruned. Hardy everywhere. ROSA RUGOSA (Japanese) The flowers are white, large, single, with broad, (For shrubbery and hedges) graceful petals, and are followed by clusters of large, orangc-icd seed-pods. The bush is heavj^, dense, four to five feet tall. The. rich, dark, leathery foliage, oddly wrinkled and shiny, is beautiful in itself. Hardy as oaks, remarkably free from insects and other pests. Can be planted near the seaside and in the extreme North, where others fail. The best Rose for ornamental hedge and as a shrub. Do not prune, except to remove bark-bound canes. SNOW QUEEN (Frau Karl Druschki) (H. P.) Undoubtedly tie best and largest (For bedding and cut flowers) white Rose, justly called "the white American Beauty." Pure snow-white with faintly tinted shado-\\s. Very large, tapering buds, which open well. Blooms off and on throughout the season. Remarkably vigorous, tall grower. For bedding and cut flo^\ers. I lant three feet ai)art — often grows four to five feet first year. Very 1 ardy. Prune n:oderately ^luring late winter or early spring. WHITE COCHET (T.) Beautiful white. A sport of the Maman Cochet and (For cut flowers) resembles it in every way except color. One of the best and most profu-ely lilooming white Roses. WM. R. SMITH (H. T.) Creamy white with shadings of pink. Large, full, (Foi cutting and bedding) beautifully formed, tapering Ijuds on long stems. Has the good qualities of its parents, Kaiserin Augusta Victoiia and Maman Cochet. The bush is extra vigorous, branching, and a i)rofuse bloomer. P'irm, glossy foliage. The best Rose for cut flowers. Prune lightly during late winter or early spring. Hardy with light protecton. Snow Queen (Frau Karl Druschki) (H. P.) The favorite White Rose 44 THE HARDY PERENNIALS "Hardy perennials" are plants of permanent beauty. They will very nearly take care of tliemselves. Their culture is refreshingly easy, compared with that of "tender" annuals, whose seed must be sown every spring — often under glass or indoors — or with the culture of tender flowers which are killed by the first frost. They were the favorites in the old-fashioned gardens. But how different are the Peony, the Phlox, and the Iris of to-day! What greater wealth of color and bloom! What a number of different and exquisite forms, so changed and mul- tiplied that any relation to the old-fashioned flowers seem almost impossible! But the relation is there, for they retain the old-fashioned hardiness and vigor, producing more abundant blooms and multiplying as they grow older. Plant the Peony, the Phlox, and the Iris. They merely go to sleep in the autumn, preparing for greater loveliness and beauty each succeeding spring. PEONY The Peony is the most popular and widely planted of all hardy flowers. It is grand without being gaudy, large without being coarse, fragrant without being pungent. It is easily grown. It is hardy wherever apple trees can be grown, and in the extreme North requires very little protection. Once established, it becomes a permanent flower, and is practically free from diseases and insects. It is ideal for cut flowers; is used by the carload on Memorial Day, and is often cut and held in cold storage a month for this day, and for decorative purposes at weddings and celebrations. Many people make "pin money" every year by sell- ing cut flowers from a few clumps of Peonies at 75c to ll.OO per dozen. COURONNE d'OR White, reflecting yellow, with a ring of golden stamens (Crown of Gold) ])edded at the base of the central petals. A very large, full, well packed, solid flower; semi-double, super!) form, late, fragrant. A good grower and reliable bloomer. For cut flowers and landscape. This is one of the best Peonies for every purpose. br^^^^jM^r^^^^ . . »*^v^^ wiip mi m u is>mE^amm i^'^A^^fc ^ ^IH^ ^ Festiva Maxima. Fragrant; the favorite Peony. PEONIES 45 Couronne d'Or iCrown of Gold). One of the largest Whites. Felix Croucse. Brilliant red. DELACHEI Large and full, deep purple-crimson. The best dark -colored; semi- double; i)leapant odor. Late mid-season. Strong grower and profuse bloomer. For cut flowers and landscape. DORCHESTER Beautiful light clear pink, creamy center, perfectly double, rose- shaped bloom. Sweet-scented. Late. Very profitable for cut flowers; adapted to landscape work. DUCHESSE de NEMOURS Pure white, cup-shaped bloom with sulphur-white collar. \'ery fragrant. Of all Peonies, not one is so exquisite as the Duchesse de Nemours in the half-open state. Early bloomer; long stems. Unusually profitable for cut flowers; adapted to landscape work. FELIX CROUSSE Brilliant ruby red with flame-cclored center. Large, com- pact, ball-shaped flower. Fragrant; mid-season. Free bloomer. Extra good for cut flowers and for landscape. FESTIVA MAXIMA Pure white, usually with a few of the central petals tipped with drops of carmine. Immense double bloom, spicy fragrance. A very vigorous grower, with flowers on long, stiff stems. The best of all the whites. Keeps well. Most profitable for cut flowers and a great flower for the garden. JEANNE d'ARC Soft, delicate pink, with light "yellow-white" center, spotted (Joan of Arc) with carmine, a charming combination. Fragrant. Sure, pro- fuse bloomer. \'ery good for cut flowers. The best and most popular tri-colored Peony. Mid-season. MADAME LEBON Very large, full, showy, compact bloom. L^niform color of bright cherry pink. Mid-season. Fine for cut flowers or landscape. NIGRICANS Dark, uniform crimson. Globular, compact bloom; showy. Mid- season. Good for cut flowers. Fine for landscape. PRINCE IMPERIAL Dark purplish red. Semi-rose-shaped Ijloom. Very large. Strikingly beautiful. Moderately late. For landscape or cut flowers. 46 IRIS "THE RAINBOW FLOWER" The old-fashioned "Blue Flag" is the only form of the Iris generally known. Its Ijeauty has never lieen fully appreciated — ]^erha]3s because it has shown such great willingness to thrive and bloom, and such freedom from all pests and diseases. The many newer and more wonderful forms have also been neglected. They have a grace and beauty that is beyond description. iSuch loveliness of form and harmonious tints can be found elsewhere onty an ong Orchids. BLACK PRINCE Large, conspicuous petals; beautiful dark purplish blue, finely veined with lighter shades. Medium size; flower stem, eighteen inches to two feet. Early-blooming. Hardy. CELESTE The entire flower is a uniform tint of pale lavender. One of the largest, most Ijeautifully colored Ii;is. Three feet tall. FLAVESCENS Exquisite creamy white blossoms on stalks, two to three feet tall. Long bluoniing season. Large size, sweet-scented, and fine for cut flowers. MADAME CHEREAU A lovely white; all petals elegantly frilled with a wide border of clear blue, A tall, stately, queenly flower, one of the most beautiful. Large size; flower stalks, two to three feet. Long blooning sea.' on. Especially fine for cut flowers. Hardy. SANS SOUCI The uprigl^t petals are canary yellow, veined with dove color; the drooping ])etals are interlaced and edged with a dull maroon. Very showy. Profuse bloomer. Small size. Hardy. SIBERIAN BLUE Exquisite blue. Fine for cut flowers. It has narrow, grass- like foliage, with tall stems bearing sn all flowers. The upright petals are narrow, and almost straight. The drooping petals are broader, but dainty. Profuse blooirer. Extren:ely hardy and resistant to drouth. •«. ^. Madame Chereau. White, frilled with'blue. Sans Scuci. Canary yellow, dull marooi PHLOX 47 The'Phlox is a native of our western prairies. There were thousands of acres of wild Phlox in this country before the white man ever saw it. They are used to the winds and heat of summer and the blizzards of winter. The improved, culti- vated varieties show how much the gardener can do to assist Nature in developing more radiant and graceful forms. Phlox means "flame" — and where else will you find the glowing brilliancy of a cluster of these charming flowers? And where is t! ere a flower that will yield such a wealth of continuous bloom, regardless of storms, heat, or drouth all through the middle of the hot summer? COQUELICOT Red, medium height. An orange-scarlet or vernJlion, ^^ ith a small purple eye. The finest, brightest, and n.ost noticeable led. It stands cut in the garden like a flame of fire. FRAU VON LASSBURG White, medium to tall. A pure snow white, the largest .ami best of that color. Especially good for cut flowers. LE MAHDI Blue; medium height. A deep pure violet-blue. The best of this color. \'ery large flowers. MISS LINGARD White, with a light pink center; tall. A creamy white, with faint jMnk at the center; a very attractive flower; especially valuable for cutting. Grown largely by florists. While it can not be classed as an ever-bloon.er, it will produce several crops in a season. A great favorite with everyone. RICHARD WALLACE White, with a crimson eye. Tall. The large white petals are tinted with lavender, which gives it a very striking appearance. Hardy and almost a continuous bloomer. One of the best for cut flowers. Miss Lingard. White with pink center. Frau Von Lassburg. Pure white. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Arrangement of Shrubs, Trees, etc. Planting, Pruning, etc. Attractive vs. Unattractive 8 Climbing Vines 16 General Principles 8 Hedges 15, 16 The Right Way 4 Iris 17 The Wrong Way 5 Lilac 15 Blue Prints between 24-25 Ornamental Trees 14 Civic Improvement 9 PMox y ...... .18 Foreword 1 Roses. ...... . . '. . . . . . . . -is, i9, 20 Fruit Garden 13 Shrubs 14 Grouping of Shrubs 6 Shrubbery Masses, Examples of 7 Planning for Planting Table of Shrubs 21 Before and After 2 y. •*/-.,. *• n, 99 General Principles 3 Unit Collection Plan 22 Home Grounds, by Prof. Waugh 22 xjnit Collections 24 Principles by Prof. Waugh 23 When to Plant 14 Wmd-breaks iQ DESCRIPTIONS Climbing Vines: Boston Ivy, 36; Clematis, Japanese, 36; Honeysuckle, Hall's, 36; Trumpet Vine, 37; Wistaria, Japanese, 37. Hedges: Barberry, Japanese, 38; Honeysuckle, Japan Bush, 38; Japan Quince, 38; Privet, California, 38; Privet, Ibota, 38; Spirea Van Houttei, 39; Russian Olive, 39. Iris: Black Prince, 46; Celeste, 46; Flavescens, 46; Madame Chf^reau, 46; Sans Souci, 46; Siberian Blue, 46. Lilac: Lilac, Old-fashioned Purple, 35; Ludwig Spath, 35; Madame Al^el Chate- nay, 35; President Grevy, 35. Ornamental Trees: Bechtel Double-flowered Crab, 10; Black Walnut, 11; Dog- wood, Common, 11; Elm, American White, 11; Golden Rain Tree (Varnish Tree), 11; Green Ash, 11; Horse Chestnut, 12; Linden, or Basswood, 12; Ma- ple, Norway, 12; Maple, Silver Leaf , 12; Maple, Sugar, 12; Poplar, Carolina, 12; Poplar, 'Lcmbardy, 12; Russian Olive, 12; Staghorn Sumac, 12; Sycamore, European, 12. Peony: Couronne d'Or, 44; Delachei, 45; Dorchester, 45; Duchesse de Nemours. 45; Feli.x Crou.sse, 45; Festiva Maxima, 45; Jeanne d'Arc, 45; Madame Le- bon, 45; Nigricans, 45; Prince Imperial, 45. Phlox: Coquelicot, 47; Frau Von Lassburg, 47; Le Mahdi, 47; Miss Lingard, 47; Richard Wallace, 47. Roses: Annie MuUer, 40; Climbing American Beauty, 40; Conrad F. INIeyer, 41; Crimson Rambler, 41; Dorothy Perkins, 41; General Jacqueminot, 41; Grussan Teplitz, 42; Maman Cochet, 42; Marshall P. Wilder, 42; Paul Ney- ron, 42; Persian Yellow, 43; Rosa Rugosa, 43; Snow Queen, 43; White Co- chet, 43; Wm. R. Smith, 43. Shrubs, 25; Altlea, or Rose of Sharon, 26; Barberry, 26; Deutzia Lemoini, 26; Deutzia, Pride of Rochester, 27; Dogwood (Siberian Red Osier), 27; Golden Bell, 27; Higli Bush Cranberry, 27; Honeysuckle, Japan Bush ,28; Hydrangea, Arborescens Sterilis, 28-29; Hydrangea, Paniculata Grandiflora, 28-29; Japan Quince, 30; Japanese Rose, Globe Flower, 30; Prairie Rose, 30; Privet, 30; Rosa Rugosa, 31; Snowball, 31; Snowberry, 31; Spirea Van Houttei, 32; Su- mac, 33; Sumac, 33; Sumac, Staghorn, 33; Sweet Shrub, or Carolina Allspice, 33; Syringa, or Mock Orange, 34; Weigela Rosea, 34. Dorothy Perkins Climbing Rose. LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS IIIRPIFliiiiririii'iiiiit 000 882 338 8 i tt TN the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New -■- York, are paintings and statuary by art- ists whose names are household words in all civilized lands. Surrounding the Museum is a great play-ground of exceeding beauty where millions of people find recreation and delight without even having heard the name of Fred- erick Law Olmsted. Few indeed suspect that they are indebted to his imagination and train- ed artistic sense for Central Park. By enter- ing into a working partnership with Nature, he was enabled to transform a tract of unlove- ly land, interspersed with swamps, barren rocks, and rubbish heaps, the last resort of squatters and goats, into scenes of non-natural but wholly naturalistic beauty, and the belief of the enraptured multitude that Nature cre- ated them so, should be rightly interpreted as the triumph of Olmsted's creative art. Surely the man who has wrought out on a vast scale so clear an artistic ideal with living pigments should be as fully entitled to recognition in the ranks of artists as the painter of a landscape on canvas that hangs within the Museum walls." — Neltje Blanchan." LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DDDDflfl533flfi _j Hollinger Corp. pH8-5