ii-^-ur ^. 6.- ._;,:. .>>.\^^» s, ^c" Jc-. J^asrv^aays i Qass^EJlA- Book .Si9:_W-^t5_ CO F/^ ^ /■>^^ ^3i£L CELEBRATION OF THE 250Tia: .^Dsrisri'srEE,s^^K,-^2^ OF THE FORMATION OF THE TOWN AND THE CHURCH OF SOUTHOLD, L. I ^^izgjzst £7, I890. SOUTHOLD: PRINTED FOR THE TOWN. 1890. ^^ -01- F , « g f J —JSl -«<- :fe=i Sel I :| =pd: iS* — zi — ^ — zt- -J5^- -zr -^ ^=^ -^■ i9 — et -er Si i Now fuf- fer me to take no fhame, for in thee do I truft. There-fore thy path and thy right wayes un - to me. Lord, de- fcry. m j2. .O- I^ Z^L -JST- ^ -^gSLZX -JSr 'JSL -ISL ^- 3^ ^ :zt L— x^ i&r aE3 1 make a Let not my foes re - Joyce, nor make a scorne of mee: Di - rect me in thy trueth, and teach me, I thee pray JO. JO. ^ -^ ^ ^. ^ -f^ -^ -O. -4Z- -sn =f= And let them not be o - verthrowne, that put their truft in thee. Thou art mv God and Sa - vi our, on thee I wait al - way. ^^^^ -^ j^ JZ. ,. \ 1^ 4S. 16 ®b^ f ilgrimisi* Jlijht* r. B. Force. Andante. 1. Fail' Isle ! fare - well, tbouii'li o'er U. P. HORTON. :=^=:: By o - cean's bree - zy breath the was F--]- t:^ )::^:3: :i24: heart, Comes sor - row's blown The Pil - they must be reduced, if at all, in the fierce assault of fur- nace heats. The inhabitants of some of the Pacific is- lands furnish sufficient examples of the one class. Illus- trations of the other appear not infrequently, with sad distinctness, among the coarser savage tribes. The most promising stock for a rich and progressive civilization is probably always a mingled stock, in which different elements conspire, and the life of various peo- ples finds a common exhibition. The Egyptian, Assyrian, Roman annals illustrate this, as do those in later times of the nations which now lead the march of mankind. The amalgam of Corinthian brass, though the humbler metals of silver and copper were mixed in it with gold, was a composite material of more renowned and various use than either of the contributing metals. It might well have been used, according to the old tradition, to fashion sa- cred vessels for the temple. So a composite national stock, in which concurrent elements combine, from different yet related and assimilated tribes, is usually capable of largest patience and most persistent endeavor, while sus- ceptible also of finest polish. But even such a stock does not necessarily insure the attainment of a noble civilization. In order to this su- preme effect particular traits must appear, inherent, con- stitutional, though constantly reinforced as they ripen REV. DR. STORRS' ADDRESS. 45 into habit. One of these is, a primary one, readiness for Labor, in any needed and useful form, and for faithful continuance in such labor. Inhabitants of regions where nature unassisted supplies food and raiment, shelter from heats, with inviting opportunities for indolent pleasure, are enfeebled and demoralized by their environment. The strongest will grows languid and limp when not chal- lenged to an educating exertion. The general mind inter- mits effort for which outward occasions do not call. The spirit sinks easily into contentment with a self-indulgent, care-free existence, vacant of impulse, and equally vacant of well earned success. If the instinct which craves ex- citement continues, as doubtless it must, it will find its only wretched satisfaction in feasting and in fights. Even a nomadic pastoral people is almost sure to be satisfied with semi-civilized conditions, and to be intent chiefly on protecting and multiplying the milk and flesh and fleece of its flocks. The tribal government will be enough for it ; and moving tents, seeking ever " the pastures of the wilderness," will take the place of established homes and rising cities. Civilization organically begins with strenuous, patient, purposeful labor; and the more various and persistent this labor, the surer and larger is the progress. Any peo- ple which shirks it is predestined to decline. In leveling forests, subduing uncultured lands to tillage, as barbarians do not ; in building houses, and combining them in vil- lages ; in bridging streams, constructing public roads, find- ing out and clearing practicable passes ; in making nutri- tive grains replace the wild grasses, and rearing the rude watermill or windmill to turn maize and wheat into bread material ; in damming or diverting streams, and rescuing meadows from morasses; after a time, in piercing the earth with drills of mine-shafts, and bringing fuel and wealth from beneath ; in forging metals, fabricating uten- sils, supplying more abundantly the general equipment and furniture of life ; — in all these ways, and in others related, the labor which is a vital condition of public pro- 4^ southold's celebration. gress challenges peoples, while other larger works will follow : to facilitate interchange of products, inter-com- munication of thought and purpose between separated communities ; to build villages into towns, and towns into statelier cities ; to conquer the wider water spaces, after a time the sea itself, through vessels of greater capacity and strength ; to furnish, in a word, the advancing society with whatever it needs for comfort, security, augmented wealth, expanded knowledge, a more satisfactory and di- versified pleasure. Intelligence comes thus, with an ever increasing sense of vigor. Hopefulness and courage are born of work which tasks yet rewards. It teaches economy, patience, forecast. The idea of property, if not thus suggested, is confirmed and reinforced ; and the idea of property, against which foolish or frantic sciolists passionately de- claim, is a root-idea in social progress. Invention is stimu- lated, and machineries to make labor more easy and fruit- ful are devised and elaborated. Government tends, with sure advance, to become at once popular and strong, for the conservation of interests and properties. It will not be long before the instructed and stimulated mind of a people so trained will insist on associating beauty of form with fineness of contrivance, and making assthetic art an ally of industrial. Intellectual effort, of whatever sort, is profoundly related to labor, finding inspiration in that to which it offers beauty and breadth. Science begins in the tussle with nature. Philosophy has its vital genesis, not in indolent day dreams, but in the serious thought which accompanies work. Literature rises in grace and bloom from cloven rocks and the upturned sod. Libraries and colleges have their roots in the field. There is a sense, and a true one, in which the richest poetry of a people, alive with fine thought and spiritual impulse, was in its inception a Song of Labor. The spiritual thus follows the physical, in preordained sequence ; and each generation, under such conditions, will tend to advance on the preced- ing, the rugged roots to rise to the height and expand to REV. DR. STORRS ADDRESS. 47 the fullness of a noble human society. Political ideolgists are not of much account in a young community. Effect- ive popular industry is the indispensable foundation of real civilization. Whatever limits it — whether slavery which degrades it, or tyranny which despoils it of reward, or agrarian theories, which offer luxury to the lazy through plunder of the laborious, or the fatuous indolence which does not care for the goods that labor procures — every- thing of this sort makes social progress improbable or im- possible. The giant was refreshed when he touched the earth. Any people that will grapple the stubborn soil, and make it yield sustenance and riches, is sure to advance. Any people that will not, will only add another skeleton to the multitudes of those strewing the caravan-tracks of time. " To labor is to pray" was an ancient maxim, within limits a true one. ''Cruce ct Aratro,'' by Cross and Plough, was a motto of the monks who civilized Europe. Relig- ion itself becomes a more educating power in communi- ties which take hold, with resolute energy, on the Divine forces which make the earth fruitful ; and the Gospel has a constant part of its civilizing power in the large honor which it puts upon labor : showing hands which held the prerogative of miracles using common instruments, pre- senting chiefest apostles as in more than one sense " mas- ter workmen." The roughest regions become kindly cradles for peoples who will work. The amplest conti- nent, the most smiling skies, convey no promises to the lazy. But even such readiness for labor in placid and conge- nial ways is not enough to build a people into virile and disciplined national strength. There must be, also, a read- iness for Struggle, to defend and preserve what labor ac- quires. It has been suspected, not without reason, that the early cliff-dwellers on this continent gave example of this need, who hollowed for themselves cunning houses in the rocks, and fashioned implements of pleasant indus- try from horn and bone, sometimes from stone, but who were apparently timorous in spirit, and whose silent dis- 48 southold's celebration. appearance is a puzzle of history. Certainly, no tribe with weak heart and drooping hands has the promise of per- manent national life. While nature and man continue what they are, every people must at times do battle for existence. Wrestle, as well as work, is a condition of pro- gress : wrestle against hostile physical forces ; the fierce severities of climate, whose effects may be mitigated where the causes cannot be changed ; against powers of pcF- tilence in the air, the damp and deadly breath of swamps, or the destroying overflow of streams ; against Avhirl of storms, which only stanchest vessels can withstand, and solidest houses ; sometimes, as in Holland, against the in- rush of oceans, which rage along the yielding coasts, and are only kept from drowning the land by a dauntless spirit putting forth the last efforts of strength and skill. It is in such struggle that manhood is nurtured, and the heroic element in a people finds keen incitement. The south wind soothes, and clothes with sweet blooms the shores which it caresses. But it is true now as when Kingsley wrote, that " — the black Northeaster, Through the snowstorm hurled, Drives our English hearts of oak, Seaward, round the world :" and any community which refuses the struggle against opposing elements in nature, desiring only gentle satis- factions on salubrious plains, fenced about with ramparts of hills and responding at once to touch of industry, may seem rapidly to secure an unusual measure of happiness and of culture, but it will inevitably become morally weak, and will be likely to sink, fat-witted and supine, into a silent but sure decay. Struggle is as necessary to men as to man, in order to radical strength of character : and so it is that sterile, harsh and wind-swept regions have been often the homes of conspicuous valor, energy, achieve- ment. But not against threatening physical forces, alone or chiefly, is such struggle to be made ; or, as in our early REV. DR. STORRS ADDRESS. 49 time, against craft and fierceness of man or beast. It must be made against all inimical social forces, which limit or endanger social welfare. No community not ready for this can reach dignity and power. So laws against wrong doing, with sharp penalties speedily and unsparingly inflicted, are a necessary element in public development. They may be sometimes ill considered, as doubtless they were, in prominent instances, in the primi- tive New England. A mature system of wise legislation is no more to be reached at a single step than a stately temple is to be reared on ground from which stumps are not extracted, or a modern steamship to be constructed and launched on shores which have known nothing larger than a yawl. But a system of law, designed to be just, certain to be executed, and maintained and enforced with unflinching purpose by an imperative public will — this is a sign and a fruit of the struggle which every people must resolutely make against whatever would vitiate its life. If, with a plethoric ungirt lassitude before difficult moral endeavors, it leaves conduct to be guided by in- clination and passion and capricious self-will, the end will be ruin, and it will not be remote. Endicott was utterly right in his conviction that great commonwealths could never be built on Morton's plan at Merry Mount. By peoples, as by persons, life has to be taken seriously, or it will not unfold in richest vigor ; and the seriousness of the public temper is expressed and reinforced not so much by industry or commerce as by salutary laws. So against oppressive governmental exactions, every people must be ready to struggle if it would grow to character and power. Rebellion is often a condition of life, and readiness to rebel when tyranny brutally limits and exacts is an element necessary to any noble popular development. Defiance of an established order, when it becomes fettering and insolent, is not destructive in final effect. It is often essential to highest progress : and pop- ular revolutions, even desperate and bloody ones, from which history fain would turn its eyes, have contributed, 5© southold's celebration. more than theories of philosophers or plans of statesmen, to the foundation of beneficent kingdoms. So equally, of course, against a power from without which assails a peo- ple content to grow up upon its own ground, and to seek its welfare in unwarhke ways. A war of aggression is al- ways demoralizing. A war of defense is as legitimate, on occasion as indispensable, as is the local execution of law, or the force which breaks a ruffian clutch on child or wife. Such were the wars which our fathers faced, against In- dian ferocity pushed to the onset by civilized craft. Such was, in fact, the war of the Revolution ; and such was the terrible Civil War, which was needful to establish for coming centuries the indivisible unity of the nation. The national flag which floated then, and which floats to-day, over army and navy and halls of legislation, over the capi- tal of the country, and over its furthest mining camp, was the symbol of continental welfare, which might conceiv- ably be shattered and buried in the terrific shock of arms, but which would not with consent give way before the forces represented in council and in battle by the alien flag of the Stars and Bars. This was only the culminating conflict in a history rough with opposing policies and moral collisions. It may be hoped that it will be the last in which navies must be mustered and armies set within our realm. But it is as evident from our annals as from those of other peoples, during the recent two centuries and a half, that readiness for struggle when occasion demands, as well as for quiet and prosperous labor, is a needful condition of national progress. Until the millennium is here the necessity for contest against what threatens society hardly will cease ; and if rapacious and brutal forces, within a State or around it, are not to be left to be lords of its destiny, if in- dustry is not to be fatally discouraged, progress arrested, character impoverished, society wrecked, an advancing community must be ready in spirit for any sore struggle whenever the fateful hour has come. Something beyond even readiness for struggle must go REV. DR. STORRS' ADDRESS. 5 1 to the building of permanent States out of small commu- nities ; a readiness for Sacrifice, in free subordination of local or individual aims to public welfare. This is not that effacement of the individual on behalf of the State which was the demand of ancient philosophy. It does not involve that extinction of local aspiration and right, in favor of more general aggrandizement, on which modern theory sometimes insists. The surrender which it con- templates is intelligent and free, and the temper which prompts this is no exceptional religious temper, nor one that demands special fineness of nature. It often appears among ruder peoples quite as distinctly as among the more cultured, and is perhaps most effective in the sim- pler societies. But everywhere it is needed, as an element of strength. It implies simply a prevalent sense of the principal value of general welfare, as that in which local or personal interests are essentially infolded, which there- fore it is duty and privilege to promote, at the cost of whatever may be required. Where this spirit appears, the readiness for labor and the readiness for struggle are ethically ennobled, and the latter especially is kept from unfolding into that destruc- tive passion for war which has blinded and blasted so many efforts for civilization, which is to-day the fiery curse of barbarous people in all parts of the earth. Becoming established among any people, this spirit, which seeks with chief enthusiasm the public advancement, and is ready to serve and sacrifice to secure that, will become, as know- ledge increases and thought is widened, a constant power of pacification ; while within the State it is the force be- yond any other which works for moral organization. A vital unity is its product ; completely differenced from the superficial combinations which are all that commercial ties can compass, or that can be secured by military clamps. "Public spirit" is what we properly call this temper, which looks first at the commonwealth, and then at the local or personal interest. Of course, the exact opposite of this often is shown, 52 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. even in States where a large prosperity seems to have been reached. It is shown, for example, by ruling classes, whether limited to a few or embracing many, who are chiefly intent on confirming or enlarging class-privilege, and to whom the proposal seems offensive to suspend or discard this for the general welfare. It is shown, on the other hand, as distinctly, by the anarchist, who insists on unhindered personal freedom for the gratification of every impulse ; to whom Law is not a majestic ordinance for the conservation and furtherance of society, but a malicious contrivance of craft, against which it is noble to fight; who would wreck the State to have his way. All lawless- ness, in fact, involves the same element ; while the law- abiding temper is not selfish or abject, but large-minded and chivalric. It is the true and noble Loyalty, which does not imply attachment to a person, or to an officer, but fealty to Law, and which deserves the place that it holds in the honor of the wise. It says, in effect, this loyal temper, that reserving the rights of conviction and con- science, it will yield to the formulated public will ; will cheerfully subordinate personal interest, and forego ad- vantage, for the larger well being ; will serve or suffer, or, if need be, will die, that the State may live, and its noblest welfare be secure. This is a spirit which tends always to confirm yet to regulate the institutes of government ; to make laws benign, that they may be worthy of acceptance and homage. It lifts patriotism from the level of an im- petuous sentiment to the height of a generous moral pas- sion, fine in impulse, emulous of good works wherever they are seen. Institutes of learning and of charity will be sure to spring up under its inspiration, to be continu- ally invigorated in life and enriched in resources ; while the ideas and policies which are felt to be essential to public progress will take fresh sovereignty in thoughtful minds, and will easily evoke the martyr temper : such as was shown by those who fell on English fields in defense of the ancient hberties of the realm, or who lingered un- complaining amid the darkness and filth of dungeons ; REV. DR. STORRS ADDRESS. 53 such as was shown by those who went from small ham- lets and scattered farms to meet the British and Hes- sian troops in our revolution — only regretting, like Nathan Hale, that they had each but a single life to give for the country ; such as was shown by those who went lately from Sunday school and church, and from beloved Chris- tian homes, to wounds and death, and the long pining in rebel prisons, on behalf of national unity and honor — and by the women who sent them thither. In its early exhibition this temper will of course be crude and imperfect. Among some peoples it may seem wholly wanting. But it is as necessary to public progress as air is to life ; and wherever it exists, in vital germ, it holds the promise of prosperous advance. A people of a strong stock, ready for labor, ready for struggle, and ca- pable of sacrifice, on behalf not of personal interests but of general advancement, will rise toward greatness in spite of whatever obstacles of nature or resistance of man. Its progress will be almost as certain as the motion of stars. A people morally incapable of this, and eager to subordinate public welfare to divergent personal aims, cannot be made great by any surroundings, or any fortunate admixture of bloods in its primitive stock. It was power which made the world. It was sacrifice which redeemed it. And this is the diviner element by which its peoples must achieve their grandest progress. The temper which is ready to make the work of a life- time a stepping-stone for others, to toil and to die that the nation may prosper, and that other generations may reach a larger and lovelier well being — this is the temper which honors human nature, which gives an almost per- ennial fame to the regions where it rules, and which shows to the world .illustrious presage. The icy cliffs and chasms of Switzerland hardly offer inviting homes to those whose lives have been passed upon plains ; yet labor and strug- gle have built there rich cities, have made narrow valleys laugh with harvests, have terraced hills for fruitful vine- yards, have cut channels in astonishing curves through 54 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. the rocky heart of mountains, while the temper, common to many, which blazed into historic exhibition in him who swept into welcoming bosom the many deadly spears at Sempach, to break a breach in the serried phalanx ranked behind, has made that beetling crest of Europe an eyrie of Liberty for five hundred years. Ladies and Gentlemen : I have spoken in this cursor}'^ and inadequate fashion of the forces required to give co- herence, security, growth, to small communities, building colonies into states, groups of hamlets into republics or empires. It is important to notice that all these forces — readiness for labor, for just and self-protective struggle, with the temper which prompts to personal sacrifice for commanding common ends — will appear most surely, in fruitful and abiding vigor, wherever a people, however recent or remote, feels itself related responsibly and use- fully to other peoples, to the world-history, and the gov- erning scheme of God's kingdom on earth ; where, in other words, it has an apprehension of those supreme facts which the Bible declares, especially concerning nations, as divinely ordained to be co-operating forces in a sub- lime cosmical progress, and concerning millennial times to come. Where this large conception of things widens, exalts and reinforces the mind and spirit of a people, there is surer stability, with the promise of a progress vital and organic, not artificial. The popular character is ennobled. Expansion of outlook becomes habitual. In leading minds consecration appears, to world effects ; and to peoples as to persons consecration is a prime condition of power. Where such subtile and immense moral impressions are permanently wanting, no advantage of surroundings, no variety and brilliance of force in the people itself, suffice to fill the large place of the element which is missed. More than anything else it was the want of this super- lative force which made the ancient kingdoms weak, in spite of superb endowments of nature. The wealth of the Egyptian valley, or of the ampler Assyrian plains, the stimulating suggestions of sea and sky and purpled hills REV. DR. STORRS ADDRESS. 55 in the fortunate states of Greece — these were not enough, even as connected with singular intellectual powers, to assure the lasting prosperity of States. The diviner ele- ments needful for this were conspicuously wanting ; and whatever shows only a mundane vigor wastes and crum- bles in the shock of collisions, or under the grinding at- trition of time. Probably the most colossal examples given in history of extreme popular weakness beneath glowing skies and in the midst of shining riches — a weak- ness surely moral in origin rather than physical — were of- fered on this hemisphere a century and more before this infant settlement began. Men marvel still at the terrify- ing suddenness with which the Aztec empire went down, or a little later that of the Incas, before the shock of Span- ish invasion. One secret of it lies far in the past. It was not merely firearms and horses which enabled the few to conquer millions. It was not merely , a pleasure-loving passivity of temper in the vast and luxurious empires as- sailed, which exposed them to the terrific crash. The na- tive spirit in either empire was not despicable. It was apt for contrivance, skillful in workmanship, with a pa- tience and fortitude which rose at times to heroic exhi- bition. But the empires were childish ; puerile in fear before imagined malign divinities ; cruel accordingly in religious custom ; without general knowledge, strength of character, public aspiration, or disciplined purpose. So the treasures which they amassed became their ruin. In- cantations were idle, sacrifices vain. Their pompous cere- monial was as tinder before fllame, as tinseled paper be- fore the stroke of steel-head lances, when smitten by a destroying civilized onset ; and that onset took part of its terrible force, indirectly and remotely, from the religion on which it put a lasting shame. Personally graceless and godless as they were, unsparingly condemned in the world's tribunal, the invaders showed an energy derived in part from the long dominance over their ancestors of supernal ideas. Their vigor had not come alone from the mixed Iberian blood. It had come in part from that stimulating 56 southold's celebration. faith of whose law and spirit they showed no trace, but which in centuries preceding had subdued and invigora- ted Vandal and Visigoth, and built Spain to a power which then its representatives, at home and abroad, dis- played and disgraced. It was the same impalpable force of sovereign ideas, however imperfectly apprehended, which pushed into , J growing moral unity the jealous and fighting German I tribes, and prepared them to be the great power which they have been in the world's civilization. Charlemagne had builded better than he knew, and had done the Sax- ons an inestimable service, if only for this world, when he hammered them relentlessly, in tremendous campaigns, into formal acceptance of these paramount ideas. Once accepted, and working more and more into the inner life of the people, subordinating yet exalting and multiplying its native strength, they have brought the development which now the world sees, and in which is one great promise of its future. Other tribes, of a natural vigor not inferior, continue in a sullen, and so far as their own re- source is concerned a hopeless barbarism, because, in spite of generous gifts, and of dormant heroic elements, they want the uplift of supernal instruction. They are isolated and enfeebled by local idolatries, degrading fetichism. Only a breath from above can transform them, and turn stagnant decay into prosperous progress. So it is that the Bible becomes the grand civilizing force on the earth ; that every fervent and faithful missionary helps forward the simple or savage peoples, or the partially civilized, among whom he labors, not toward the heavens only, but toward a nobler human society. So it is that the Lord's Day, carefully maintained for public religious instruction and worship, remains a vital guaranty of the State ; and that whatever discredits the Revelation, concerning God, man, the future, the rule which nations are bound to obey, the providence which is over them, the ultimate ends which they are to serve, strikes not only at personal character, but at the essential well being of Society. Any nation REV. DR. STORRS ADDRESS. 57 losing its reverence for that which has come from higher spheres through prophets and apostles, and by the lips and life of the Son, becomes suicidal in tendency and ef- fect if not in intent. Of the most advanced, it is true now as it was of Israel, that the Law is its life. And any tribe, however obscure — hidden behind coral reefs, buried in the shades of African jungles — if it vitally accept the supreme ideas with which the Bible is eternally instinct, will grow in greatness of spirit and of strength. If its vigor has not been hopelessly wasted by previous centu- ries of lust, animalism, ferocious ignorance, it will come to be a nation, or an important component part of one, and will continue such while it retains the life-giving faith. Obedience to the truth which is opened before us in the Word of the Highest, holds the promise of this life, as of that which is to come ; and moral forces, which in- fidels assail, and at which men of the world disdainfully sniff, are immortally supreme in the development of civ- ilization. The first popular election known in Japan was held there last month. Feudalism has disappeared ; a constitution has been established ; the old theory of pater- nal government gives place to the theory of one directly representative of the people ; and in November the first parliament ever assembled in those Islands of the Morn- ing is to open its sessions. The best hopes may be enter- tained for the future of the empire so long secluded from the civilized world, which now seeks eagerly to range it- self abreast with advanced States. But these hopes, in thoughtful minds, will not rest wholly or chiefly on the aptitude of the people for industry, economy, the pursuit of information, or for trade, debate, and their peculiar forms of art. They will not rest chiefly on the lines of railway and telegraph there being constructed, or on the annual imports and exports of fifty-odd millions. They will find a surer support in the fact that the Bible is now, and is always to be, a Japanese book ; that many thous- ands of its people have grouped themselves in Christian churches ; and that multitudes more are accessible to the 58 southold's celebration. truth which comes to men through both the Testaments. The Bible is a lifting force which does not break. A Christ- ianized state is full of vitality, not subject to decay. The future of Japan is in the hands of those who honor God's Word, and whose joy it is to make it known. At the end, then, of this imperfect discussion, two things, I am sure, come distinctly to view: one, an interpreta- tion of that which is past in our national career; the other, a prophecy of that which is to come. We cannot miss the essential secret of the extraordinary growth which has been realized by the American people since its prophetic germs appeared. The progress has been wonderful, but not magical. It has outrun precedent, and implied the guidance of a Providence in the heavens, but has involved no element of miracle. The settlement here, to which our thoughts to-day go back, fairly represented the others made at about the same time along our coast, with others afterward in the interior. Indeed, recent ones at the West, made in the lifetime of many among us, show generally similar char- acteristics. Of a strong stock, in which were commin- gled different strains of kindred blood, trained to labor and self-control, with hereditary instincts claiming free- dom as a right, and not shrinking before arbitrary force, the early inhabitants of this hamlet were planted on a soil offering scant promise to indolence, but an ample reward for faithful work. They were ready for labor, ready for struggle, accustomed to subordinate personal conveni- ence to public welfare, and thoroughly possessed, through their fathers and by personal conviction, of the vital and magisterial truths which had come by the Bible. It was almost impossible, therefore, that their public life should not continue and be developed with constant energy. Their primitive property was not large, though for the time it was respectable. There is a touch of unconscious pathos in the brief inventories of their household belong- ings. They had few of our familiar instruments, fewer oi our conveniences, none of our luxuries. They could not REV. DR. STORRS ADDRESS. 59 manufacture, and they could not import. Tea and coffee they knew nothing ol ; spices and condiments, of whatever sort, they could not buy ; of fruits they at first had none at all, save the wild fruits plucked from bushes or vines. Corn-meal and milk provided chief nourishment ; " rye and Indian" made their bread stuff; and our finer wheat flour would have seemed to them almost as wonderful as did the manna, the angels' food, to the children of Israel. Clocks, carpets, lamps, stoves, they did not possess. Lit- tle glass was in their windows ; almost less money was in their purses. Few books were in their homes; no pic- tures ; and probably the only musical instrument was the pitch-pipe. Men to-da)^ cast away on a desert island, if saving anything from the fittings and cargo of the wrecked ship, would probably start with a larger apparatus of the furniture of life than the founders of this village pos- sessed. But civilization can be built without a carpeted base. The piano is not necessary, may not always con- tribute, to social harmony. Glass is a convenience, but rain and snow can be excluded by wooden shutters, and light will pass, not wholly obscured, through oiled paper. Books are good, if of a good sort ; but large collections of them are not indispensable to the founders of States, and more of moral manhood can be learned from hard- ship and toil than from all the volumes on crowded shelves. Some way, no doubt, must be devised for meas- uring and recording time, in order to the useful regula- tion of life, in order to any intelligible sequence in gen- eral affairs. But this may be done, well enough fur the purpose, by the dial or hour-glass ; and no English or Swiss watches were needed here when trains did not start on the minute, and horse races were as wholly in the fu- ture as were telephone wires or naphtha launches. No doubt the life had sharp privations, was in many respects a bleak and hard one, which the physically feeble could hardly sustain, from which the morally weak might shrink. But the men had that in them, the women too, 6o southold's celebration. which was more important than any aids to a cheerful convenience. They had the robust strength of soul to which all else is merely auxiliary, which can dispense with all else and still perform distinguished service. Though their lands, unused to civilized handling, required incessant expendi- tures of labor, they were ready for these. Though sur- rounded by tribes easily becoming suspicious and hostile, and accustomed to obey every impulse of greed or anger, they were ready to fight for the lands which they had bought, and for the small homes which they had reared. If their life gave no chance for ease or luxury, was not gay and was not picturesque, it had its opportunities and its general relations. The lands and waters by which they were encompassed supplied a livelihood, and something to lay up. With the Bible open in every household, and schools established to teach children to read it, they felt themselves related to other regions, to other times, to great plans of Providence, and to future effects contem- plated by these. The nearly fifty University men who were in Massachusetts before 1640, the nearly one hun- dred who were in New England within ten years after — most of them ministers, and many from Emanuel College — may not have added notable reinforcement to the phy- sical sinews which with ax and mattock, spade and ploughshare, were striving to subdue the waste, but they brought large thoughts of God and His ways, and they made the religion for which they were exiles an element of unequaled power in the early colonial life. So the church was the central fact in this place ; and the minis- ter of religion was a principal citizen. He did not ask such place of leadership ; it came to him as naturally as buds break from their sheaths in spring. Men came to worship, summoned probably by conch-shell or horn, with matchlocks ready, which rested during the long ser- vice on gun-racks still affectionately preserved. They were guarded at their worship by armed sentinels, but the worship was not intermitted. The eternities touched REV. DR. STORRS' ADDRESS. 6l time, God spoke to their souls, through the austere and solemn discourse. Their prayers were of faith, if in form not liturgic. If their singing was rude, their tunes few, the temper of praise was vocal in the dissonance ; and to ears on high the seraph's song may not have borne a higher tribute. The Lord's Day was the day of general communion with the Invisible. The very stilling of all sounds of labor or of laughter was a sermon concerning the things supreme. The meeting-house was at once church, fortress and town hall, in which secular affairs were discussed and decided, not merely as a matter of present convenience, but because secular things, as done for God's service, became also sacred, and the Southold hamlet had its part to do for the Divine glory. The Mo- saic law was at first its sufficient code ; and a man must be in personal covenant with God, and with His people, to have voice and vote in public affairs. ■•"/jThese and other related facts are happily set forth in that excellent history of the town during its first century which has been prepared by him, for forty years the pas- tor of the church here, in whose presence with us we re- joice, and to whom we look for subsequent volumes, con- tinuing the narrative to our day. The history which he has carefully investigated and affectionately recited is not romantic in its incidents and drapery, but it infolds the strong forces which I have indicated, and it presents in clearest view the sources and guarantees which here ex- isted, from the beginning, of the virile and fruitful Ameri- can life. As science finds the oak microscopically exhib- ited in the living acorn, so here we find the vital germs and sure predictions of vast subsequent progress and power. It is this robust and resolute life, which sea and wilderness could not daunt, and which early privation only trained to new vigor, which has shown itself in the following career of the people whose beginnings we love to remember. It has subdued regions stretching further and further toward the sunset, till they abut on the shores of the Pacific. It has largely assimilated the ad- 62 southold's celebration. verse elements drawn to our coasts with incessant at- traction from foreign lands. It has set itself against for- midable political problems, and has found or forced fair answers to them. It has uncovered mines, launched a vast shipping on lakes and rivers, suppHed to the country, in a measure to the world, an industrial apparatus of un- rivaled effectiveness, built cities by hundreds, towns by thousands, and laid down ways of travel and commerce to the furthest borders which pioneers reach. It has made education more universal than in almost any other coun- try, and has sent the institutions and the influence of re- ligion wherever the log hut has been raised, wherever the canip-fire shows its smoke. In a measure, certainly, it has kept alive the early ideal of a nation made by the Gospel, as Cotton Mather said that our towns were, and applying its principles to public conduct. Without jeal- ousy, or excessive ambition, it has sought substantially such prosperity as could be wrought by the hard hand of labor, and defended in emergency by the mailed hand of war : and, therefore, in defiance of whatever obstacle, it has brought the nation out of poverty and through blood to its present place of distinction in the world, and has linked it in relations of amity, correspondence and mutual respect, with the great states of Christendom. As long as this life continues unwasted it will be ready for greater tasks, whatever they may be, which the future shall present. The shifting of power from one party to another will no more seriously check its operation than the shifting of tides in yonder bay defiles or dries the changing waters. The removal of leaders will no more stay the immense impersonal popular progress than the extinction of lighthouse lamps arrests the morning. Im- migration from abroad, though coming in blocks, from lands whose training has been different from ours, will not retard the public progress, or start persistent antago- nizing currents. It will steadily disappear in the expand- ing American advance, as ice cakes vanish in flowing streams. Even an increasing corruption in cities has its REV. DR. STORRS' ADDRESS. 63 only real threat in its tendency to impregnate with a ma- lign force the national life. Our future history is as secure as that of the past, if onl}^ that moral life remains which was in the founders of these commonwealths, when peril did not frighten or hardship discourage them, and when their rude daily experience took from the Bible a conse- cration and a gleam. If this shall continue, vitally inte- grating, nobly animating, perennially renewing the nation which started from their seminal work, no bound appears to its possible progress. It will have the continent for its throne, the ages for its inheirtance. But if this fails, all fails. Multiplying riches will not then protect, will only indeed more fatally expose us. Democratic institutions will show no power of self-support. Any eloquence of speakers, or of the press, can only add a glitter to decay. Alienation and collision, confusion and division, will fol- low swiftly on moral decline ; and our history will have to be written as that of other peoples has been, as signal- ized at times by great advance, and passing through peri- ods of splendid achievement, but as closing at last in dis- aster and dishonor. We may confidently hope that this is not to be. I am certainly no pessimist. I would not be rash, but I cannot despond. I have profound faith in God's purposes for the people which He so wonderfully planted and trained, and which He has conducted to such marvelous success. I have a strong faith in the people itself. I do not wonder that political theorists stand aghast before this huge, un- manageable, democratic nation, which defies precedent, traverses disdainfully speculative programmes, and lurches onward with irresistible energ)^ in spite of whatever philo- sophical forecasts. But I believe, after all, in the distri- buted American people. It means to be honest ; it is not afraid of what man can do ; and it is capable of surpassing enthusiasms. Pessimism may spring from a scholarly temper, which shrinks from rude contacts, and is offended by vulgar boasts, which insists on immediate accomplish- ment of ideals, and would have the Golden Age sent by 64 southold's celebration. express, which is therefore impatient and easily discour- aged if a nation cannot be instantly turned, like a school or a parish, to better ways. But, practically, pessimism in this country, so far as I have observed, is a fashion with condescending critics, not commonl)' born among us, whose residence is too recent, their stake in the general welfare too slight, to allow much weight to their opinions ; or else it is the weak cant of a native, dudish class, de- spising the work which was honored by the fathers, shining in club-rooms rather than in warehouses or on the exchange, with no animating sense of the verities of faith, too sensitive to noise to enter a caucus, too dainty of touch to handle ballots, and wanting everything, from trousers to statutes, to be "very English." The vigorous and gov- erning mind of the nation is not pessimistic, and those who with shrill and piping accents utter prophecies of alarm have as little effect on its courageous confidence and hope as so many sparrows on the housetops. I think, for one, that the nation is right. Party spirit, often violent, some- times brutal, may start fear in the timid ; but party spirit, with whatever of either vulgarity or venom, is not as in- tense and not as threatening as it was in this country a half century ago. Political chicanery may frighten some, as if the foundations were out of course ; but it cannot work effects as disastrous as have been some which the nation has survived. Our rulers may not always be ideal men, as heroes or prophets, any more than are their cen- sors, but they are fairly capable and faithful, and whether elected by our votes or not we may reasonably expect that the Republic will take no detriment from them. The nation is still morally sound, at the centers of its life : intel- ligent, reverent, law abiding. Its rulers and policies are on the whole as farsighted as they ever have been. Its readiness to apply the principles of ethics to social usage, and to law, is as keen as at any time in the century. Its spirit is as full of resolute courage. Its future is bright, I cannot but think, with stellar promise. But if a time shall ever come when labor ceases to have REV. DR. STORRS ADDRESS. 65 honor among us, with the bread earned in the sweat of the brow, when a passion for sudden wealth, no matter how gained, becomes paramount in the land, and luxurious sur- roundings stir the strongest desire in eager spirits— when high mental exercise fails to attract men, and general edu- cation ceases to be held a vital condition of public welfare — when plans of salutary social reform are left to amuse the leisure of the few, but fail to engage the popular heart or to stir with fresh thrills the public pulse ; if a day shall come when the nation is content to live for itself, and to leave other peoples without the help of its benign influence, when patriotic aspiration is lowered accordingly to the flat levels of commercial acquisition and party success, when men of the higher capacity and character cease to concern themselves with political duty, and leave it to professional leaders and expert traders in votes, when laws therefore come to be matters of purchase, and, ceasing to represent public judgment and conscience, cease to possess moral authority ; if a time shall come, in other words, when self-indulgence and moral inertness take the place in the country of the earnest, faithful, strenuous spirit which built this hamlet, and all the others out of which the nation has grown — then we shall do dishonor to the fathers, and the history which began in unflinching toil and a superb sacrifice will close in shame. It is not at all as a minister of religion, but as an independent observer of society that I add my conviction that if such a time shall ever come, it will be when the Bible shall have lost its power for the general mind, and the day which hallows all the week shall have no more sacredness or prophecy on it for the popular thought ; when the supreme vision of God and His government, and of His designs concern- ing this nation, shall have failed to move and uplift men's souls as it did beneath the Puritan preaching ; and when that desire to glorify Him, and to hasten the coming of the kingdom of His Son, which in all the loneliness and the poverty of the fathers was to them an inspiration, shall have failed to instruct and ennoble their children. If this 66 southold's celebration. shall be, the physical will not survive the moral. The coal and copper, the silver and wheat, will not assure the na- tional greatness if the illustrious organific ideas shall have vanished from its sky. It will be the old story repeated : of decaying wood at the center of the statue, beneath casings of ivory, plates of gold. The wood gives way, and the shining fragments of costly covers, broken in the fall, are scattered far. It is for us, and for each of us in his place, to do what we may, and all that we may, to avert an issue so sad and drear ! We must do it in the spirit which here of old set village and church in charming beauty amid what then were forest shades. If we do not accept all the laws of the fathers, we must like them have the armor of right- eousness on the right hand and the left. Whether or not we worship according to their precise forms, we must hold as they did to the supreme facts which give glory to the Scriptures. Our fight will not be with enemies like theirs, the gray wolf, the painted savage, but it must be as unyielding as theirs against whatever of evil surrounds us. Let us try so to stand in our place in the world as they would have stood if to them had been appointed our present relations to the country, to mankind. Let our highest love, next to that for God and for the household, be for the nation which they baptized in tears and strug- gle, "with water and with blood." Let us always remd'm- ber that next in honor, and in importance of work, to those who are called to found commonwealths, are those to whom, in milder times, with ampler means, but in the same unshaken spirit, it is given to maintain them ! And may the blessing of Him whom they saw, like one of old, an unconsuming Splendor in the wilderness bush, be upon us, as it was upon them, till the expanding prosperity of the nation which had its seed-field in their cabins widens and brightens into such consummations as even their majestic faith could not expect! And unto Him, their God and ours, be all the praise ! THE PROCESSION. 67 Dr. Whitaker : The congregation are now requested to join with the choir in singing the celebrated ode of Mrs. Hemans to the music written by her sister Miss Brown. The words are on the second page of the pro- gramme. At the close of the singing the Rev. Edward S. Wheeler, pastor of the Baptist church of South Framingham, Mas- sachusetts, pronounced the Benediction, thus : Now may the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God the Father, and the fellowship and com- munion of the Holy Spirit abide with us all forever. Amen. LUNCHEON. At the close of the forenoon meeting in the church, the Luncheon Committee had spread their tables in Belmont Hall, for the entertainment of the members of the Bands, and for the accommodation of very many others who ordered luncheon at their own charges. The Committee of Arrangements supplied the Bands through their leader, Mr. George B. Reeve, with a hundred luncheon tickets, as a token of appreciation of their public spirit and readi- ness to make a very desirable and generous contribution to the attractiveness and excellence of the proceedings of the day. THE PROCESSION. The intelligence and foresight of Mr. Alva M. Salmon had made an admirable plan for the procession, which he began to form at i : 30 p. m. He was assisted by his effi- cient aid, Mr. Charles Floyd Smith. The place of the formation was the Main Street of the village, where the road that comes up from Town Creek, on the south, and Railroad Avenue from the railway station, on the north, meets the Main Street at right angles. At this point the original home lot of the Rev. John Youngs is on the south- 68 southold's celebration. west corner ; of his eminent son, Col. John Youngs, on the southeast corner ; of William Wells, Esq., the lawyer of the first generation of Southold, on the northwest cor- ner ; and of Samuel Youngs, on the northeast. A few minutes after 2 p. m., the procession began to move in the following order, with marching music : 1. Cutchogue Veteran Drum Corps, whose mem- bers have played together for fifty-three consecutive years. 2. A company of young men and boys on bicycles. 3. An Indian canoe mounted on wheels and containing three men representing an Indian scout paddling, an Indian chief in full costume of a Long Island tribe, and an English pilot holding a very ancient spy glass and dressed in the garb worn by one of his craft in 1640. 4. An ancient cart drawn by four yoke of grand red oxen, the cart containing the household goods, furniture and utensils of a family of the olden time. The members of the family, old and young, were seated upon their pos- sessions and attired in extremely antique fashion. They appeared as if on their way to make a new home in the wilderness. The moving spectacle won the steady and admiring gaze of all beholders. 5. Carriages conveying the Committee of Arrange- ments, the speakers, and the invited guests — some of these were representatives of various Historical Societies, and others were persons of distinction from different parts of our country. 6. A cabriolet containing a gentleman and lady in the costume of 1776, and representing George and Martha Washington, with their negro coachman in livery. 7. A cavalcade of citizens on their own steeds. 8. The Mattituck Cornet Band in their gay and fine uniforms, with their shining instruments and cheering music. 9. The firemen of Southold equipped and girded for service. 10. An assemblage of large wagons drawn each by THE PROCESSION. 69 either two or four horses in harness. Each wagon was profusely and tastefully decorated with flowers. Some of these wag-ons were filled with young women, others with girls — both classes dressed in white, resplendent with the beauty of youth and joy, and bearing aloft appropriate banners and other signs of festivity and gladness. Legends on the wagons indicated the different villages of the town whence they had severally come. 11. The Orient and the Shelter Island Cornet Bands united, making a large company, in attractive uniforms, with their polished instruments and animating music. 12. A numerous body of citizens of German birth, bearing aloft the intermingled flags of their fatherland and the starry banner of their adopted country, presenting one of the most striking features of the glad procession. 13. The Southold Band in new and splendid uniform, marching in well trained order, and with their gleaming and sonorous instruments marking the step for the crowds that on each side of the procession itself kept pace with it. 14. Then came the last and grandest part of the festive column. It was no warlike array, but a peaceful train of five hundred carriages filled with patriotic and rejoicing people from all parts of the Town and even from the great cities. They presented every imaginable style of make and decoration. Some were plain and others ornate. Many were costly vehicles, with richly caparisoned and prancing horses before them. Most of them were the family carriages of prosperous villagers and country peo- ple. Their variety was so limitless, and the differences of their decorations so very great, that they presented unceasingly to the thousands of beholders, through whom the procession moved, an ever new and varied aspect. In no part of the line was there even the faintest intima- tion of sameness or monotony. The responsive looks, if not responsive voices, between thousands of people in the carriages and other thousands along the Main Street, on the piazzas and in the doors, windows and balconies of the dwellings, and at other points of advantage to appre- 70 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. ciate the joyous spectacle, could not fail to impart exhila- ration to the scene. According to the well devised plan, and under the skillful management of the Director of the procession, its different parts had been adjusted and brought into their respective places, and it began to move promptly at 2 o'clock. It proceeded eastward half a mile as far as the L'Hommedieu House, at the head of Town Harbor Lane. There it turned around and went westward a mile, as far as the Soldiers' Monument, where it turned again and re- traced its course to the head of Oak Lawn Lane, into which it wheeled and proceeded southward nearly a mile to Oak Lawn Grove, on the banks of Dickerson Creek. It was about two miles in length, and required an hour to pass a given point. As it moved through the Main Street the attractiveness of the decorations in every part of the village won delightful observation, and happily conspicu- ous were the names of the early settlers. The Committee on Historic Sites had caused these names to be legibly painted in capital letters on plain boards, and had attached these boards to trees between the broad street and the sidewalks on each side in front of the respective home lots of the original owners. Thus thousands in the pro- cession, as they advanced, could see the sites of the several homes of Pastor John Youngs, Col. John Youngs, Law- yer William Wells, Capt. John Underbill, Lieut. John Budd, Mr. Barnabas Horton, Matthias Corwin, Richard Benjamin, John Herbert, John Tuthill, Henry Case, Thomas Moore, John Booth, Peter Payne, John Corey, and others, while farther east and west than the route of the procession were the homes of Barnabas Wines, Wil- liam Purrier, Philemon Dickerson, Richard and Thomas Terry, Robert Smyth, Peter Payne, and others, about forty in all. When the head of the procession reached Oak Lawn, whose use for the celebration had been generously granted by its owner, Mr. Samuel Dickerson, there were hundreds of carriages and thousands of people already on OAK LAWN. 71 the grounds. The place is admirably fitted for the pur- poses of the day. On the east and on the west of the gently sloping, smooth, wide lawn itself are extensive groves of fine oak trees, whence all the undergrowth has been removed, so that carriages can be driven here and there in different directions among the noble trees. On the north is an open space with a level half-mile track around it for training and speeding horses ; and around this track the head of the column made one turn, so that when the first mile of the procession came upon the lawn to disband, half of it came out of the grove on the west and half came from the track on the north. South of the lawn and the groves are the tidal waters of Dickerson Creek, flowing up through Peconic Bay from the ocean, and giving health and refreshment to the air. Under the direction of the Committee on Platform and Grounds, there had been erected a platform and seats for nearly two hundred singers and players on instruments. Provision had also been made for officers, speakers, and invited guests. On the north of the platform and on the wings, where the ground was higher than in front at the north, had been constructed extensive systems of seats for hearers and spectators. They were all filled as soon as the procession disbanded. The scene was picturesque. Mrs. Martha J. Lamb, editor of the Magazine of American History, {rom her position on the platform as an invited guest, briefly describes it in that periodical, which contains an illustrated article on the celebration from her graceful pen. She writes : " Cir- chng about the platform in the grove, ten thousand or more people formed a compact mass of varying color on every side, while just beyond this crowded amphitheater was an outer circle of double and triple rows of equip- ages. The sun looked blandly through the leafy trees upon the pretty scene, and the breezes were deliciously soft and balmy." At a convenient point near the eastern edge of the lawn an additional well had been driven in order to facilitate 72 southold's celebration. the supply of water for a thousand horses during the pos- sible high temperature of a day in August. Many of them had been driven twenty or thirty miles to convey persons to the celebration. Water was needful also for several thousands of people who were on the grounds through- out the afternoon. Other conveniences had likewise been made the subject of forethought and preparation. On the arrival of the procession a great throng gath- ered around the platform and a thousand copies of the printed programme were quickly distributed among them. The Hon. James H. Tuthill, the Surrogate of Suffolk County and the Judge of its Court of Probate, had been chosen by the Committee of Arrangements to preside at the afternoon meeting. He was born and has all his life resided within the bounds of the original Southold town. He took his place upon the platform in due time, and said: Fellow Citizens, Ladies and Gentlemen: You will be called to order by the Veteran Drum Corps that has been serving its country in just this thing for fifty-three years. We are glad they are with us to-day to give us the drum beat. Its members, who are partly on one side and partly on the other side of fourscore years, then played " The Assembly." This was followed by selections played by the Cornet Bands. Then Judge Tuthill, holding an old gun in his hand, said : My Friends: This gun, it is said, was brought from England by Bar- nabas Horton, in the year of our Lord 1640, and was willed by him to descend to the oldest Barnabas Horton living in the town of Southold. It is now owned by Bar- nabas B. Horton, of New Suffolk. Its mission two and a OAK LAWN. 73 half centuries ago was to protect assemblies from the bar- barians, and if there be any Rip Van Winkle barbarian here who does not obey the commands of the Chairman, the gun is here now for the same service as of yore. Please remember that. (Laughter, and a voice: Keep your powder dry.) I am filled with admiration for the music of these five bands. So well they play together, I think their instru- ments must be made of some superior metal, a quinqua- composite not inferior to the Corinthian brass. May we now hear from the representative of Shelter Island ? (No response.) Shelter Island says we heard her representative in the orator of the morning. The bands again played appropriate selections. Judge Tuthill said : The chorister of Southold Church for the first thirty years of this century was Mr. David Horton. He is with us to-day only in four generations of his descendants. We call upon them for a song. Representatives from the four generations then united in singing, in " ye olden style," to the tune " Liberty," the ode beginning with these lines : " No more beneath th' oppressing hand Of Tyranny we groan, Behold a smiling happy land That Freedom calls her own." Music by the bands. Judge Tuthill remarked : The bands have just given us " Only one Mother, my Boy." In this celebration the three towns, Southold, Shelter Island, and Riverhead, say to us, " Only one mother, my boys." In early times, Southold set Shelter Island by her- self, an island gem sheltered by islands, to be forever a pleasant retreat. In 1692, she set off another portion of her territory, generously giving up her only river, and as we Riverheaders say, " Losing her head." To-day River- 74 southold's celebration. head is represented by Nat. W. Foster, President of the Suffolk County Agricultural Society, an institution of which we are justly proud. PRESIDENT FOSTER'S ADDRESS. Ladies and Gentlemen: It very often happens, you know — in fact, it is nothing strange in your own family and in others, when a mother has company and wants to show off the children, to call on the oldest or brightest first. Southold now has called her first-born. Shelter Island, but no response. Shelter Island was on hand this morning, and very handsomely she behaved. We were much pleased, but now she heeds not the mother's call. How embarrassing ! Would it not be very undutiful of us, when Riverhead, the second child, is called, were we too not to obey ? The story is told that, some time ago, before gates Avere used on ferryboats, an Irishman, in his hurry to catch a boat that had just left the dock, jumped with such force that he fell in a heap, not in the water, but on the deck of the boat. Gathering himself up in as good shape as pos- sible, and looking around, he was surprised at the distance from the dock, and exclaimed, " Holy Moses, what a lape ! " If our fathers could meet with us to-day, we think they too would exclaim, " What a lape ! " As we enter these beautiful grounds, can you wonder that they located here, if as beautiful then as now ? This beautiful creek was then here. This beautiful river, too, of which we were told this afternoon Southold gave away a part, and thereby lost her head, doubtless then ran on as joyously to the sea as now. No wonder, then, they tarried and chose here their abiding place. I, for one, am glad they did. They builded better than they knew, and the seed they planted then grew and still grows here. We reap the benefit of it. Now what are we to do ? Two hundred and fifty years hence, when those then living here shall gather to cele- PRESIDENT FOSTERS ADDRESS. 75 brate the Quin-Centennial of this town, what will they say of us ? Will they know that we have lived ? Are we doing anything whereby humanity is being made better ? Anything for which men shall have reason to thank God that we have lived ? Let us see to it that we so live that, dying, we leave behind us " Footprints on the sands of time •, Footprints that perhaps another, Sailing o'er life's solemn main, Some forlorn and shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall take heart again." After leaving home this morning to come here, I was told that I was expected to speak for Riverhead town, and would be allowed five minutes in which to do it. I esteem it a great honor and a grand theme, but how inade- quate the time ! Riverhead is well known to all, and she is also greatly feared by some for her Riverhead jail and her Riverhead " ring." Neither of these am I here to represent. Form- erly a part of Southold town, whether as a girl she was, as girls sometimes are, wild and giddy, causing her mother anxiety and trouble, or because of rapid growth the mother found it difficult to handle her, we know not ; but it was deemed best for her to set up housekeeping on her own hook, and she has been at it ever since. I am glad to say the relations between mother and daughter have ever since been of the most friendly character. From her situation Riverhead acts as a sort of bridge, connecting Southold to Southampton and the rest of the world. It seems that our fathers knew little of the capa- bilities of the goodly land to which they had come. For, not many years ago, it was thought impossible to grow wheat in Southold town, but instead they sent to Brook- haven town for it. One would hardly believe it now, see- ing in July her broad fields rustling with ripe golden grain, and knowing that Southold and her two daughters. Shelter Island and Riverhead, raise annually more cauli- 76 southold's celebration. flowers than all the rest of the United States. As we think of it, we are led to exclaim with the Irishman, " What a lape ! " We know not whether the fathers brought here the seeds of the cauliflower, but they did bring other good seeds which they cultivated with great care, amid hard- ships and clouds perhaps to us unknown — the fruits of which we commemorate to-day. Their heroic jvorth and their devotion to the principles they loved, for which they left their homes and their na- tive land, not to seek great wealth, but for freedom to worship God — these all inspire us to stand true to their God, to their Bible, and to their righteous principles. From Riverhead many of the good people and many of the good influences that have done so much for the ad- vancement and benefit of the county have started. Here many of those which have started elsewhere find encour- agement and friends. Here, too, besides the jail and the " ring " before spoken of, are the grounds and buildings of the Suffolk County Agricultural Society, the institution of which our Chairman told us we are all justly proud ; an institution which has done and is still doing much to develop the resources of the county and for the better- ment of the community. It is an institution for which your best thoughts and energies should be put forth. As you are aware, Southampton has already celebrated her 250th anniversary, and Southold celebrates hers this day. We all rejoice that it is a decided success. Now, we want to give this fall, at the coming Fair of the Agri- cultural Society, a continuation of these celebrations, making it a celebration of the settlement of the East End of Long Island; and I trust you will all be there to aid it. All in favor say aye. (This call was responded to, at first rather feebly, but when made again, with considerable enthusiasm.) That is the way to do it. Now throw off your coats, put your shoulders to the wheel, and do your best. We want this old canoe, and this family of old settlers in their cart drawn by these four yoke of oxen. Yes ; we want all these PRESIDENT FOSTERS ADDRESS. 77 old things to remind us of the early settlers and their customs. I am glad to be able to announce that we have secured the services of one of Southold's townsmen, Mr. Stuart T. Terry, to take charge of these old relics and keepsakes, and you know they will all be safe, for they will be in good hands. Now, we want you all to have a regular house-cleaning time and see what old-timers, curious and strange, can be brought out. There are many old things in this old town which would please and instruct us all. Let us see them at the Fair. And now, before taking my seat, I want to sa)^ to you that I am heartily glad to be here. I am heartily glad to see you all here. It fills me with courage, because you all love old Suffolk. South- old's success is sure ; we are all proud to see it. River- head's success is the success of the whole county. No place in the county can succeed without being of advan- tage to the rest of the county. Then let us not forget that we are brethren with one great work to do, working on as did those who have gone before us, ever zealous, ever jealous for the welfare of our homes and our native land. And may God bless us all ! Judge Tuthill said : The population of Southold com- posite is 13,096. Shelter Island has 921 ; Southold, 7,675. The count of Riverhead is not quite complete. (Mr. Reeves says the " ring " is so close they cannot get in- side to count.) The approximate number, 4,500. Now we will have some singing under the direction of Mr. Horton. Mr. D. P. Horton said : All who have the music will please sing the melody to the first stanza. The second and third stanzas, sing the parts which please you. The audience then arose and sang : 78 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. Mt f ilgtto' lUght* T. B. Force. Andante. fcs ■!§f- 4 — •— r~'^ D. P. HORTON. " — (51- :=]: Fair By Isle! - -f5>- fare - well, though o'er cean's bree - zy breath H] — tll^ H^ — Z — I 1 — Y—^ ^ i- the heart, Comes sor - was blown The Pil - rfc3=r=:t:& B24i • I — H' p r- :g--==S r-(22- row's grim :|=: -p=F^ :t:==t= A--, -J— /O «_ d sJ- laz: }^ sha - dow to a as we part, Thy neck - lace is the foam - ing wild un - known, Cold was the night, the for - est I r :t=J=t -A—-'-"- -4--,--]. — J — , — I — , — I 1 — t- .^' 1- i^ ■p 3=3 sheen. That O - cean twines a - bout his Queen. But lo ! the bare, But Lib - er - ty was in the air. Not death could -I*—.-. fe^gi^piS -^— , :&=?= -I X =F :t=±t ^ P=- :t:=:t=d 1 • — ^G* 0—^<5> • — '^F I "i — t ! ty - rant press quench, nor ty - - es hard, From him we lly, 'gainst him we guard, rant tame His love for that ce - les - tial flame. -| — r- 3 Through cycles past we love to trace. The story of our fathers' race; The race that bare the torch on high, When freedom flashed athwart the sky. That light now blazing from its birth, Shall brighter yet illume the earth. Copyright 1890, by D. I". Horton. REV. MR. WHITAKER S ADDRESS. 79 After the sing-ing the Chairman said : However pleasant are your homes in Southold, it is fortunate you cannot keep all your boys at home. One of them comes back to-day, and will represent to us the present generation. You will :be glad to hear the Rev. William F. Whitaker, of Orange, New Jersey. ADDRESS OF REV. WILLIAM F. WHITAKER. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : The present generation, in whose behalf something must be spoken, is impressed with the resemblance between to- day's celebration and the religious services of the Chinese. This anniversary programme is highly " Celestial." Our brethren with the almond and diagonal eyes, and the black and braided hair, the flowing sleeves and the less ample shoes, are nothing if not devout ; and their devotion con- sists in large part in the worship of their ancestors. The name, fame, family, age, and excellences of their sires are inscribed in gold upon tall tablets. Before these gather Ah Sing, Mrs. Sing, and all the small Sings, to glorify the greatness of the many Sings who have gone before. Ex- tremes meet. To-day we are one with the antipodes. We have become Chinese, and ancestral worship holds sway from the Point at the Orient to the Head of the River. To this adoration of the ancients we of the present age raise no objection. On the contrary, we are taking a large share in the celebration. Who built this platform, and who adorn it with their wisdom and beauty ? Who sing these songs and sound those cornets ? Who drove the oxen ? Who paddled the canoe through the ever- green waves ? Who gave us a glimpse of George Wash- ington ? It is the present generation : and the youth and women and men of to-day are eager to honor the ancients — those men whose names are now upon our tongues and are spoken even by the trees along the village streets. In looking forward to this celebration, our generation has found its only embarrassment in its ignorance. We 8o southold's celebration. lack, what others seem to possess, a long and intimate and personal acquaintance with those heroes of 1640. Very happily for us, and thus for the whole celebration, this ig- norance is departing. After the instruction received this morning — the information derived from Storrs so well fur- nished — and in anticipation of Moore this evening, we no longer hesitate. With one voice we exclaim : All honor to our forefathers ! I. In the first place we credit the story of their worth. Looking back at them, across these eight generations, we are disposed to believe every good report that has been made in their honor. (a.) They seem to have been men of Candor; and Can- dor means whiteness, clearness, purity, freedom from stain. They were candid in their trading ; they were honest. They were candid in their thinking ; they were sincere. They were candid in their talking ; they spoke the truth. Their language was the plain, strong Saxorf. They did not refer to a spade as that useful instrument employed in the cultivation of the soil, fashioned of wood and furnished at one extremity with a metal apparatus suitable for making incisions in the earth, and supplied at the other extremity with an ingenious arrangement by which the instrument can be apprehended and manipu- lated ! No ; they called a spade a spade ! In our day the theft of a vast property, the wrecking of a savings bank, the robbery or ruining of a railway, the capture of a State Legislature, is called a clever operation or a new deal. The men of 1640 would have branded it a huge swindle or a shameful steal. We cover up dishonesty with long words and smooth phrases. We speak of the misappropriation of funds, the diversion of revenues, the conversion of re- ceipts, the hypothecation of securities, and the embezzle- ment of assets. If such colossal iniquities could have ex- isted two hundred and fifty years ago, they would have been called sins and treated as crimes. For, as we must believe to-day, our forefathers were candid in talk and thought and trade. Their love for cleanness was like REV. MR. WHITAKER S ADDRESS. 8 1 that of the dying father in Old England. Calling his sons to his bedside, he said : " Boys, you will find that my property is not very large : divided among you it will make none of you rich. You may be disap})ointed ; but, boys, you can have the comfort of knowing that in the money received from your father there was not one dirty s /lining ! " The men of New England and Southold abhorred dirty shillings, dirty schemes, a dirty character. They were like the little ermine whose spotless fur was used for cen- turies for the adornment of the robes of king and judge, furnishing in its whiteness an emblem of honor and integ- rity. Naturalists tell us that when this timid creature is pursued by the hunter it will halt and allow itself to be cap- tured rather than permit its unstained coat to be soiled by mud or mire or morass. Driven toward a barrier of dirt and refuse and slime, it will turn and await the coming destroyer, instead of seeking escape by dragging its fur through uncleanness. The men whom we are honoring to-day were men of whiteness. They loved clean thoughts, clean words, clean deeds. We praise them for their Candor. (^.) They were men of Courage. They dared the wrath of tyrants. They braved the boisterous ocean, pathless, uncharted. In frail ships with rude sails, unaided by steam or twin screws or licensed pilot, they steered day after day and night after night toward the great Western unknown. Landing, they found the wilderness, wild beasts and wilder men. The story of those early years — where can you find its parallel ? Search the annals of other lands ; scan the records of human achievement in other centuries ; sift the stories and legends of man's trials and triumphs, and you will fail to discover any courage surpassing that of our sires ! Yea, it was a courage rare and robust which our fathers brought to the task which God had set before them. (r.) Moreover, these heroes of 1640 were men of Con- science ; and in this we find the secret of their Candor and their Courage. They lived as seeing Him who is invisi- 82 southold's celebration. ble. They listened for His voice, and they believed that they heard it in their bosoms. Trained to live as in His presence, they sought to show Him clean hearts, and words and deeds unstained. Taught to act at His com- mand, they shrank not before the face of man. Conscience made them candid and courageous. What to them was a British king, when daily they received messages from the King of Kings ! What was the storm-tossed Atlantic to men who realized companionship with the Omnipotent, and believed that the winds and waves were His servants ! What fear had they of cruel winters and more cruel foes, when a voice within each breast spoke of One who heard the cry of a raven and marked the fall of a sparrow ? Thus do we recognize the worth of our ancestors and honor them as men of Candor, Courage, and Conscience. II. We propose, in the second place, to cherish their memory. The times demand this. The iconoclast is abroad. The blows of his hammer fall thick and fast. Our dearest idols are not exempt. Nothing is so venerable, nothing so sacred as to escape the strokes of the destroyer. For example, there was William Tell. What a magnifi- cent hero he was in our childhood I It was a glorious story ! How it thrilled us as we spelled it out in the old Third Reader ! How carefully we studied the pictures ! How well we knew all the details of tyrant, cap, bow, boy, boat, apple and arrows ! When we became men some of us visited Tell's home. There, in the heart of Switzer- land, we found Biirglen, the village of his birth. Not far away, at Altdorf, we saw the place where stood the pole which held aloft the tyrant's cap. There, too, is the monument marking the spot where the lad, whose head wore the ruddy apple, waited expectant beneath the lin- den tree. Not many miles away is the little chapel, stand- ing at the water's edge, and marking the precise place where Tell jumped from Gessler's boat. Near Kiissnacht is the lonely spot where Tell met Gessler, and " he who could make a mark of his child's head " took " aim un- erring at his foeman's heart." Then we visited the little REV, MR. WHITAKEr's ADDRESS. 83 Schtichen, the narrow, swift, roaring torrent in which our hero lost his life. Tell, in his old age, saw in this stream " * * a struggling child, While on the bank the mother In helpless fright ran wild. He plunged to do that rescue : He sank to rise no more Until, with weeds and timber, He floated dead to shore." How real Tell seemed in those August days ! But, alas ! we are informed that there was no apple, no arrow, no Tell ! The encyclopaedia dares to dismiss the story as " legendary." The Board of Education in Tell's own land has voted that the narrative of Tell's exploits shall have no place in the school books of the Swiss Republic. Thus the idol of our childhood is torn from its niche ! The hero of our youth is banished ! The editor and the educator laugh at our tears. We fear that the fate of this Swiss man awaits a certain American maiden. Who has not been touched by the story of Pocahontas, the daughter of Powhatan ? If we can trust those wood engravings set before us in school days, she was an exceedingly comely and charming bru- nette. We were taught that, when something less than sweet sixteen, she rushed in at a critical moment, threw herself upon the prostrate form of one Mr. Smith, and by her pleading saved the prisoner from the clubs which had been raised to dash out his brains. She was a hero- ine, and became dear to every class in American history. Perhaps you have visited Jamestown, drawn thither by your admiration for her brave deed. But what do we see and hear ? When Archbishop Whately dared to urge "His- toric Doubts relative to Napoleon Bonaparte," the Corsi- can was alive, and had opportunity for two years in which to speak for himself. But the cowardly iconoclast of to-day saves his attack until two centuries have rolled over the grave of his victim. Then he walks forth boldly and strikes defiantly. Pocahontas has not escaped. In a standard 84 southold's celebration. work bearing the imprint of long-established and reputa- ble publishers of New York, one reads this destructive sentence touching the bravery of Powhatan's daughter : " Recent researches discredit this story." What will be left ? The Swiss hero has gone ; the dusky maid of Vir- ginia is going ; and the long-handled hammer of the im- age breaker is reaching up toward that lofty niche in which stands Christopher Columbus ! It is becoming fashion- able to minimize his achievement. It may be well for the ambitious city on Lake Michigan to pause in its selection of a proper site, and consider calmly and carefully whether there was any discovery in 1492 of sufficient originality to warrant the proposed Columbian Exposition. In days like these, when neither age nor sex nor services can protect from the blows of the destroyer, it shall be the purpose of our generation to cherish the memory of its ancestors, and insist upon the historic reality of Youngs and Horton, Wells and Terry, Moore and Tuthill, Glover and Case, and their companions in settlement and residence. This most laudable purpose is furthered, in the first place, by this massing of ourselves together by hundreds and by thousands. There is power in a crowd, especially in a crowd of lineal descendants. Here we are, score after score, to furnish ocular demonstration of the existence of one Barnabas Horton. Let all those in this vast assem- bly who are the kindred of that brave settler, related di- rectly or indirectly, indicate the fact by a hearty "aye." (In response to this request, a large number in the audi- ence answered " aye.") After that chorus, after such tes- timony, who can dare to doubt the historic reality of Barnabas Horton? In coming years his "cask" may crumble to dust ; his Bible may be buried from sight ; but with the ring of these voices in memory, we can cling fast to the belief that there was such a Horton. He would be very rash who, in the presence or in the neighborhood of this large and enthusiastic company of descendants, dared so much as to suggest any historic doubts as to the existence of this Barnabas. REV. MR. WHITAKF.r's ADDRESS. 85 In an adjoining niclie, in our collection of worthies, stands William Wells, the Sheriff. Let every Wells here — Wells by birth and Wells by marriage — bear witness to his presence or her presence, as did the Hortons, by shout- ing " aye." (Loud " ayes " from many parts of the grove.) In the same way a company of Cases, a corps of Conklins, a host of Hallocks, a multitude of Moores, a tribe of Terrys, and a troop of Tuthills, could make themselves known, and make these woods ring with their accordant voices. A second means for the furtherance of our purpose, touching the facts and the fame of our ancestry, will be found in the increased interweaving of the old family names. An excellent beginning has been made. Just see how to-day the names of 1640 are intertwined and inter- twisted and interlaced. We are familiar with such com- binations as Horton Terry, Terry Horton, Horton Case, Case Jennings, Case Terry, Goldsmith Tuthill, Tuthill Terry, Wells Hutchinson, Hutchinson Case. Let the good work go on ! Let the intimate intermingling of the names continue. But what law, written or unwritten, confines the combinations within such narrow limits? In honor of this grand anniversar)^ and of the good men of 1640, let some sturdy babe of fine promise, just starting upon life's journey, receive and rejoice in some such name as this : John Conklin Corwin Mapes Moore Salmon — Smith ! Another infant, not less ambitious, might support or stagger under William Wells Wines Youngs Tucker Jennings — Jones ! A third, with parents not less loyal to 1640, might creep or cry or crow as John Budd Benedict Dickerson Glover Herbert — Brown ! In this way, what even now is difficult would become almost impossible. Then no hero of 1640 could be torn out of history. He would be rooted so thoroughly in the nursery, the play ground, the school room, the shop, in the post office, the directory, the poll list, the tax levy, that he could be explained away by doubting antiquarian or questioning genealogist no more than this tall hickory or yonder 86 southold's celebration. broad oak could be laid low by the roll of these drums or the blasts of those trumpets. Two hundred and ten years separate us from Barnabas Horton ; but Barnabas Horton is here ! He is a member of the Committee of Arrangements. There is his name in print on the first page of your programme ! Would that all of the pioneers were represented to-day by namesakes. III. The present generation, while giving due credit to the excellence of its ancestors, and resolving to cherish their memory, does congratulate itself that its very distin- guished forefathers are so far away. We Hke them, but we like them at a distance. Doubtless they were most excellent people, but they please us much better as remote ancestors than they could as near neighbors. Distance lends enchantment, sometimes; and this is one of the times. The good people whom we are delighting to honor look better across the distance of centuries than they would across the street. The reason for our self-congratulation will appear if we sketch, even imperfectly, the home life of 1640. Let the good housewife of eight generations ago be introduced. We cannot speak of her features, for no likeness has been preserved. No Daguerre had been born. Ambrotypes and tintypes were unknown. She never faced a camera, and never was flattered in a cabinet photograph. She did not push the button of a Kodak, and was not startled by the flash light. Her dress was a la mode ; but such a 7node ! Her feet wore huge and home-made shoes. These were never protected by a pair of rubber over- shoes. No gossamer cloak shielded her from the rain. Her head was untouched by a rubber comb, and no rub- ber hairpins restrained her tresses. When through age or accident her teeth grew less, no new supply neatly mounted on vulcanized rubber could be obtained. In the preparation of her wardrobe, no aid was rendered by purchased patterns. No sewing machine lightened her labors ; and as she followed the long seams by hand, no REV. MR. WHITAKER'S ADDRESS. 87 smooth spool cotton assisted her. The floor of her home boasted of boards, perhaps ; but upon it there was little carpet, and none of the kind made, as Pat said, " by Mr. Brussels." Her house did not boast of a stove, and the use of coal was unknown in kitchen or parlor. She never scratched a match, never knew the comfort of a kerosene lamp, and never attempted to aid her fire by the applica- tion of kerosene oil. On her walls hung no chromos, no photogravures, no time tables, no advertisements in litho- graph. On her table there were no daily papers, and thus her reading was not of " second class " matter. Her shelves held few books, and none of these had been " En- tered according to Act of Congress." Of her few rude household utensils, not one was of American patent. The front door had no bell pull, the granary had no spring lock, the barn had no lightning rod. Calling at dinner hour one might, perhaps, have found a cloth on the table, but he would have seen no forks, little crockery, a few metal plates and dishes. Coffee was a luxury, and tea was used rarely. In the pantry there was no condensed milk or pressed beef or compressed yeast ; no canned sal- mon, or California peaches, or baking powder. The du ties of Monday were met without assistance from wash- ing machine or clothes wringer ; and all the soap was of the good woman's making. In writing, the housewife of 1640 could not find a steel pen ; she did not use envelopes; she never moistened a postage stamp ; she never sent a postal card ; she did not dream of mailing her letter to the antipodes f^or five cents. Her ear never heard the click of the type writer, or the " Hello " of the telephone. Her heart was never saddened or gladdened by a telegram, and never astonished by a message carried by cable through the depths of the Atlantic. Her patience was never tested by the whims of a stylographic pen. Her anger was never aroused by seeing the uniformed messenger boy, whom she had summoned in haste and sent forthwith for the family physician, busily engaged in playing marbles with a uniformed companion on the next block. 88 southold's celebration. When she went from home, she may have used horses rather than oxen, but the journey was made in a wagon without springs. Not once did she enter a street car, never did she climb to an " elevated station." She never heard the whistle of a locomotive, never rode a mile in a steam car, never embarked on a steamboat. Her team was never frightened by a bicycle, and she never mounted a tricycle. The train of parlor cars, in which one can sit and eat and sleep, consult a library, write letters, send telegrams, employ a type writer, visit the barber, and take a bath, and in six days journey from the Hub of the Universe to the Golden Gate — of this she did not dream in her wildest visions. She may have been musical, but her home held no piano, cabinet organ or melodeon. Certain discordant tunes sung by her grandfather, a few pages of " buck- wheat " notes copied by her brother, some " worldly songs " learned from her mother ; these were her aids in musical culture. She had never seen the Red, White and Blue, and had never heard of the Star-Spangled Banner. For her there was no Twenty-second of February and no Fourth of July. No one " lined out " My Country ! 'tis of Thee. Not once did her husband whistle Yankee Doodle, and never did she hear her son sing the story of John Brown's Body. The musical shoemaker who " whipped the cat " all winter long, and marched from house to house with his kit of tools and precious fiddle, not even once did this chief musician venture upon March- ing through Georgia. Of thorough bass and pipe organs the good woman of 1640 was as ignorant as of Sunday School hymns and Tonic Sol Fa. On Sunday she went to church, and she made her pre- parations on Saturday afternoon. The foot stove and "meet- ing seed " were made ready. The place of her pew in the plain edifice was not due to the depth of her husband's purse or to the preference of her pretty daughters, but to the arrangement made by the wise men appointed to " seat the meeting house." Once in her pew, with stove REV. MR. WHITAKER'S ADDRESS. 89 under foot and seed in hand, she listened to the wonder- ful performances of the choir and to the sound and solemn discourse from the pulpit. The sand ran slowly in the hour glass, but no stanzas could be omitted in the psalm, and no " head " in the sermon. But in all of those long services the heart of that tired woman was never soothed by hearing " My Faith Looks up to Thee," " Nearer, my God, to Thee," " Jesus, Lover of my Soul," " Abide with Me," '* One Sweetly Solemn Thought," or " Rock of Ages." Her faith was never strengthened by singing with the congregation, " All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name," "Onward, Christian Soldiers," "Awake, my Soul, in Joyful Lays," " When I can Read my Title Clear," " Blest be the Tie that Binds," or " Guide me, O Thou Great Jehovah." Of these twelve hymns, now well known and highly prized, not one was in existence in the days of Pastor Youngs. At last her earthly life was over. There was no under- taker of skill and experience to give directions for the care of the body. Kind neighbors, awkward and half afraid, and destitute of all conveniences, prepared the re- mains for burial. The village carpenter made a box, rough, rude, unpainted. In this the corpse was placed, and the lid was fastened with the noise and jar of ham- mer and nails. The funeral was at the home. The open bottle stood near the dead body, and the guests showed the degree of their sorrow by the depth of their draughts. The service over, a springless and jolting wagon or a bier often made unsteady by the state of the bearers, con- veyed the coffin to the burial place ; and there, with scant ceremony, with primitive tools, and with an absence of the soothing ministries of flowers, the dust was committed to the earth. The rude box was buried in a shallow grave. My friends, this sketch is only an outline ; but is it not full enough to suggest abundant reasons for our self-con- gratulation? In honoring our ancestors, in crediting their excellences, in cherishing their worth, none shall be more 90 southold's celebration. prompt and more proud than the members of the present generation. But we do not conceal our gladness at the fact that two and a half centuries separate us from those illustrious progenitors. This is the day of the historian. We have been busy with the past. Where is the prophet ? Who can speak for the future ? We believe in our generation. It is the best that the world has seen. But in the light of the last twenty-five years, who dares to say what excellences the next two hundred and fifty years may bring forth? In view of the amazing changes of the past quarter century, what wonders without parallel may fill the next quarter millennium? May those who gather in 2140 have even more abundant reason than this generation for praising the God of their fathers ! At the close of the Rev. Mr. Whitaker's address. Judge Tuthill said : The Rev. Mr. Abbott, with the support of the choir, will sing " One Thousand Years," " A Thousand Years, my Own Columbia, " was then sung with fine effect. The Chairman then said : If such pleasant stories as those of William Tell and of Pocahontas may be torn out of what we deemed veritable history, we must encou- rage the Historical Society, whose province it shall be carefully to sift the false from the true, to separate fable from fact, and to give to posterity a reliable record. We are disappointed to-day as to a representative of the New Haven Colony Historical Society. By the instrumentality of that Colony our town was founded. But unhappily for us now, the representative of that Society, on account of illness in his family, is prevented from being with us. The Suffolk County Historical Society, which is yet young, but vigorous, and which we must all cherish and support, is represented here by our District Attorney, Wilmot M, Smith, of Patchogue. MR SMITH S ADDRESS. 9I ADDRESS OF WILMOT M. SMITH, ESQ. Mr. Chairman. Ladies and Gentlemen: I went down to Riverhead the day before yesterday to attend Surrogate's Court, over which presides our amia- ble and distinguished President of to-day. As I was leav- ing he said: Mr. Smith, by the way, we are disappointed. Mr. William NichoU, of Islip, whom we expected to speak at Southold, cannot attend, and I want you to make an address on that occasion. I said : Mr. Tuthill, don't you think that is hard on me, to tell a busy man two days be- fore a celebration to prepare an address on such notice for such an occasion ? He said : To be frank with you, Mr. Smith, we don't want much of an address. Five minutes we will give. Three minutes will answer, and two minutes will be better than either. At this late hour, after the eloquent addresses to which you have listened, it would be inappropriate for me to do more than to thank you personally, and on behalf of the Society I represent, for the privilege of appearing upon the platform before such an audience and upon such an inspiring occasion. I am to be followed by Judge Hedges, whom you will all be delighted to hear, and I therefore with great pleasure most cheerfully surrender the balance of my five minutes to that honored representative of the Bench and the Bar, and of the best culture and citizenship of our county. The choir, at the close of the Suffolk County Attorney's address, rendered the following ode, written for the cele- bration : 92 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. T, B. Force. 'm% f$i(ani _^=:-tz: D. P. HORTON. f# 1. Hail to thy strand, Long Is - land dear, Moth - er, 2. Thou, sun - ny isle, a lov - er hast, Strong is his arm a 1^ we love thee. I M -hi- -•■ -I- ■G^ 1— ^- -^~J_4 :^ g Dost bout thou hear ? thee cast, -^ O- — » m- Pil - lowed up - on Gent - ly thy slen thy gen der waist ?=^=f=M: tie breast, to press. =^=F= -t/ — h- E^ ^^ Sweetly now soothe thy child Rude though in storm be his F :t=t: to rest. While the gray o - cean ca - ress, Gal - lant a knight in N — I t: m X break truth Idl- ing is nigh, he, Croons his Wan - der e - ter ing not m-^ -#.. ^t. H«. ^^■x 'W-^gr^' nal a lul part ^ 1 i a by. from thee. ^^m 3 Smoothly he spreads a mirror there, Glassing thy beauty, island fair. Where the tall clifl and forest green Shimmer in all their summer sheen. Home of ray heart, forever dear, Would 1 were alway with thee here. Copyright, H90, by D. P. Hortoa. HON. MR. HEDGES ADDRESS. 93 After music by the bands, Judge Tuthill said: The next speaker represents the town of Southampton, which has about as much history as we have, with five minutes more or less. Fired with two hundred and fifty years of facts, the Hon. Henry P. Hedges will now speak to us. ADDRESS OF THE HON. HENRY P. HEDGES. Friends of Southold : The concluding remarks of my friend Mr. Smith allude in a most flattering manner to me, and are introductory to mine. Thereby I am in a position painful and embar- rassing, because the herald's proclamation exceeds the speaker's power to accomplish, and the performance will fail to satisfy the sounding phraseology of the manifesto. The audience will please accept my disclaimer, and my honest desire to contribute to the interest of this occasion, as an apology for what 1 may say and fail to say. Mr. Chairman : Speaking for the Town of Southamp- ton to this glorious old Town of Southold, I might speak of the men here who for so long and many years have walked with the men there. I might even in my own personal experience speak of the aged men with whom I walked, with whom 1 talked and conferred, so that it may be said we took sweet counsel together. They have gone and we are here. But there is not time to speak of those who have here filled the ranks of social, business, and pro- fessional life, and it is fitting that I read, in order that I may condense, a few remarks which I suppose applicable to this case and this occasion. Mr. Chairman and Friends of Southold : The questioner who asks whence came the volume of waters that the Hudson pours on the shores of Man- hattan Island will find his answer in the far-off moun- tain streams that conjointly fall into that river. The student, inquiring into the origin of our system of confed- erated republics, will find it flowing from the early self- 94 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. governed Colonies that occupied the ocean's rim, and moving west sent their cohorts from station to station until they reached the Pacific ocean. In this majestic movement the colossal tread of the New England Colonies is conspicuous. But their march is no more real, no more elevating, no more philanthropic than that of the early Colonies occupying Eastern Long Island. Southampton, Southold, and East Hampton, instituting government for themselves, allied early with New Haven or Connecticut, thereby became component parts of "The United Colonies of New England," and joined in the Westward march bearing the banner of Freedom. Their sons moved with the pioneers to the interior over swamp and morass, and marsh and river, up the Atlantic and down the Pacific slope of the Rocky Mountains. Their names are called in the halls of legislation, in executive positions, in judicial stations from center to circumference of these States and Territories. On whatever other questions these three Towns may differ, in their love of freedom, their devotion to the cause of representative government, their capacity to institute and perpetuate the people's rule, they agree. As early as July, 1682, at a general training, the people of East Hampton drew up and signed a petition to An- thony Brockholst, the then Governor of New York, claim- ing the right of representation in a General and " Free Assembly," and that the imposition of laws and orders unauthorized by such Assembly was a deprivation " of a fundamental privilege of our English Nation." Thus, ninety years before the Declaration of Independence that town voiced substantially the principle that representa- tion was a right of the people under the British Consti- tution, and taxation without it was a violation of the fun- damental law. In this petition East Hampton, speaking for herself, the pioneer herald of freedom in the State, if not on the Continent, expressed the cherished convictions of the freemen of Southold and Southampton. What elements of liberty were contained in the atmo- HON. MR. HEDGES ADDRESS. 95 sphere of the British Constitution were wafted with the emigrants from England across the ocean to this New World. No oriental forms of obsequious servility, no be- trayal of the people's rights, no surrender of freedom, disgrace the annals of these three Eastern towns. The lights that steady shine or sudden flash trom the headlands of Montauk and Ponquogue and Horton's Point are no truer guides to the benighted mariner than were the aspiring souls of these three earliest English towns of the Empire State to the sorely tried men of their day. November i, 1683, Suffolk County, one of the ten origi- nal counties of this State, was organized, including six Towns, Brookhaven, Smithtown, and Huntington, in ad- dition to the three easternmost. In celebrating the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of the Town of Southold, this day, we commemorate historic remembrances of the grandest import. We reach the mountain springs of the River of Freedom. We follow its flowing stream, commencing in 1640, less than a score of years after the Pilgrims first planted their feet on Ply- mouth Rock, past the wars with the Narragansetts, when brave Capt. John Youngs traversed the eastern entrance of Long Island Sound in an armed vessel of war and de- fended these towns from the appalling horrors of fire and murder and massacre that Ninigret, chief of the Narra- gansetts, sought to bear in his bloody pathway — past French and Indian wars — past the conflict on the unfor- gotten Heights of Abraham, where France and England wrestled for the sceptre of a Continent — past the siege and capture of Louisburg — past the unheeded protests of America against the Stamp Act — past the resounding shock of Concord and Lexington and Bunker Hill — past the ringing echoes of the famous Declaration — past the woeful day when Long Island fell before the foe, whereof the 1 14th anniversary occurs to-morrow — past Saratoga and Yorktown — past the glad hour of Evacuation Dav — past one and a quarter centuries of Colonial vassalage — past the proud day when the cor- 96 southold's celebration. sair powers of Barbary were forced to forbear oppres- sion and pillage and piracy — past the war of 181 2, ra- diant with naval achievement, of our streaming meteor flag — past the war with Mexico, and best of all and more than all, thanks to the power Supreme, past the war of the Great Rebellion, down to the present promise of a union providentially restored to a consoHdated strength in measure so vast as to beget the serenity of fearlessness, the assurance of peace. The history of these old towns and this original county begun amid the beginnings of Colonial times, moves like an unceasing river's flow through all the tide of the Na- tion's life. Felt in its earliest pulsations, may it endure to the last heart beat of the Nation. Organized as towns and as a county generations before the Colony became a State or the States became a Nation, there is nothing of glorious sacrifice, of subHme achievement, of magnificent progress in the history of the Nation, wherein their sons were inactive or wherein their part was inglorious. In successive eras of the Nation's growth and grandeur, these old towns have contributed their best, their choicest ofTerings,''and the Town of Southold not the tardiest or least. As a native of East Hampton exultant in her past his- tory, I present her congratulations to her sister Town of Southold on this anniversary in her long and bright ca- reer. As a resident of the Town of Southampton, careful for her fame, intrusted with her honor, called as her mes- senger, I express her sincerest regard and her profound- est interest in this celebration, and the remembrance of events so venerable for antiquity, so enduring in effects, so elevating in tenor, so transforming in power. As a delegate of the Suffolk County Historical Society, and speaking for the time as the representative of that institu- tion and for the County, let me assure the audience that the County joins heart and hand in the memories of the day, and the unsulHed history it is designed to perpetuate. Finally, as a private individual, past the allotted threescore HON. MR. HEDGES ADDRESS. 97 and ten of the Psalmist, soon to hear the inevitable call, long intensely interested in the early history of these Towns and of the County, let my last message to the good old Town of Southold come in petition for her welfare, her prosperity, her perpetuity, in gratitude for her un- fading lustre, and let her devout aspirations ascend to the Great Father " as incense, and the lifting up of her hands as the evening sacrifice." " Through tlie harsh noises of our day, A low sweet prelude finds its way ; Through clouds of doubt and creeds of fear, A light is breaking calm and clear. That song of love, now low and far, Ere long shall swell from star to star ! That light, the breaking day, which tips The golden-spired Apocalypse." The address of Judge Hedges preceded the singing by Mr. George B. Reeve (solo) and chorus of an ode written for the day by the Rev. J. H. BALLOU,as follows : WE SHALL MEET. Tune — Shall we meet? 1. Now a glad memorial chorus Sing we of that pilgrim band Who, in days so long before us. Sojourned in this sea-girt land. Chorus : We shall meet, yes, shall meet, Those who still march on before us. Chanting now a grander chorus In a yet more goodly land. 2. Sturdy pioneers. God-fearing, Were those worthy menjof yore ; Trust in God their strong hearts cheering, While they sought a foreign shore. Chorus : We shall meet, etc. pS southold's celebration. 3. On through hardship and privation, Brave and cheerful was their toil, Fostering here a new-born nation, On Columbia's virgin soil. Chorus : We shall meet,*etc. 4, Honored be their names in story, By their children proudly sung. While they reap in fadeless glory, Sheaves from faithful sowing sprung. Chorus . We shall meet, etc. Appropriate music by the bands closed the formal pro- ceedin^fs of the afternoon in the Grove at Oak Lawn. HON. MR. REEVES ADDRESS. 99 THE EVENING MEETING. At 7 : 30 p. m., an intelligent and attractive congrega- tion thronged the house of worship of the First Church. The large platform was fully occupied by persons of emi- nence in the various callings, pursuits and professions of life. The Committee of Arrangements had appointed the Hon. Henry A. Reeves, to preside at this part of the celebration. He had represented the First Congressional District of the State of New York in the Congress of the United States ; had been for many years, as he is at the present time, the chief civil officer of the Town of South- old, being a member of the Board of Supervisors of the County of Suffolk, as well as a member of an important Board of Commissioners of the Commonwealth of New York. On proceeding to take the chair, he spoke as fol- lows, by way of introduction : ADDRESS OF THE HON. HENRY A. REEVES. Fellow Citizens of Southold Town, which for the time being comprehends the visible universe : If it be true, as has often been said, that the post of greatest difficulty is the post of highest honor, then I am sure that your Committee has loaded me with honor as far beyond my deserving as my desiring. For what can be more difficult to finite faculties than to create some- thing out of nothing— to do or to say when there is actu- ally nothing to be done or said ? Here, by a most ism- taken indulgence, your Committee has assigned to me what at first blush might be thought a pleasant and agreeable duty, to say some suitable words prefatory to the exercises in which you are about to engage this eve- ning, as a fitting finale to the enjoyments of the day. But if you stop a moment to reflect, you will see that the real lOO SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. and the sufficient introduction was uttered in this place this morning by the beloved pastor of the First Church of Southold, to whose zeal and energy and competent di- rection the people of the town owe so much of the suc- cess which happily has crowned this effort to worthily commemorate its settlement a quarter of a millennium ago. He then explored the whole field, and covered the ground where I might have hoped to dig up some frag- ments of suggestive memories or of useful sentiment wherewith to regale a few minutes of your time. As an introduction proper, his was and is the completed harvest of fully ripened grain. I am not left enough gleanings to fill one paltry sheaf, and while I don't complain of the fact, but on the contrary rejoice in it for your sakes even more than for my own, yet I am bound to mention it in extenuation of my inevitable default. And if you should ask why I don't turn out of a beaten path into one of phi- losophic generalizations or historical recitals concerning the men and the women, the fathers and the mothers, from whose prolific loins sprang the progeny who laid broad and deep foundations on which the present Towns of Southold, Shelter Island, and Riverhead are built — why I don't compensate for my loss in one direction by activity in another even more attractive, I recall to your minds that this morning a splendid oration by a foremost orator of his generation delighted all who heard it, and will delight other multitudes who read it, and that in this grand paper the genesis and the growth of these good towns — the philosophy and the phenomena of that passage of local history, special though it be, yet dealing with large events in the world without, and em- bracing much the largest part of the life of our great State of New York — were presented in a masterly way, clear and lucid to the dullest, yet comprehensive and complete to the keenest intelligence, and leaving nothing to be added, even if I were presumptuous enough to at- tempt such a hopeless task. While, finally, if you point me to the opportunity for anecdote and genealogy, for HON. MR. REEVES ADDRESS. lOI racy reminiscence and pithy reflection, for enlivening chapters from a wide range of local development during the 250 years since the first settlement, I again remind you that this branch of the topics needful or proper to discuss has already had some successful treatment from the several afternoon speakers, and is a special field re- served for the pen of the eminent local historiographer, himself a loyal son of the soil, Mr. Charles B. Moore, whose paper is to form the chief feature of the evening's enter- tainment. It would be discourtesy to him, even if it were within my power, to forestall in the smallest sense his full and opulent narrative of the facts and influences, the events and the actors, which illustrate the history of the town. I am, therefore, fatally "cabined, cribbed, con- fined " — a prisoner of hope, as all prisoners are — but with- out material to construct even a porch through which you may approach the delightsome dwelling this day erected. And so, as I am shut down to literal acceptance of the situation, 1 have had to bump my head against this verbal stone wall, this noun which defines the part as- signed me on the programme for to-night. Well, what is an introduction ? Webster calls it : I. The act of bringing to notice. 2. The act of making persons known to each other. 3. That part of a book or discourse which introduces or leads the way to the main thoughts — preliminary matter. You see that these three- fold definitions are equally fatal to my hope of being some- body or doing something on this programme. What can I bring to your notice that is not already there ? The day itself has gone, carrying into your past rich fruits of re- newed faith in God and in humanity. It has written its own notice indelibly in your minds and hearts, and its published record will abide as a red letter page on the annals of our town. Of what remains for the evening the printed programme has informed you more succinctly than I should have been apt to do. Nor can I hope from this platform to do much in the way of making you known to each other ; in fact, you already know one another as SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. well as need or ought to be, perhaps in some cases better, and without an extra-hazardous policy of life insurance, I am not going to take the risk that might arise from at- tempting to make husbands known to wives, etc. And, lastly, the " preliminary matter " of which Webster speaks as leading to the main thoughts of a book or discourse is always the part which people skip or jump over and for- get as soon as it is passed. A preface, indeed, is the exact antithesis of a postscript, in that the latter is read first and the former last or not at all, and to readers or listeners an introduction is like the verbiage with which a will opens, while the interest (and principal too) centers in what fol- lows. As the evening introducer, therefore, who am to lead the way to somebody else's thoughts, I was doomed from the start — foreordained, I might say — to be a mere apologetic prelude, a figurehead, a nonenity, from whom the best that could be expected, perhaps all that can justly be expected, is to look wise and say nothing. Yet I can't resist the temptation to indulge just a few words on a single one of many ideas that are pertinent and that come thronging thickly into view. I want you to note as a fore- most item the strong, virile, vigorous, and various man. hood and womanhood which, without particularizing indi- vidual instances, has characterized the generations that preceded us in the possession and the development of these towns. Whether it be physical stamina, or mental force, or intellectual caliber, or moral power, or social amenity, in each and all of these the people who have dwelt within the ancient bounds of Southold Town may be said to have been and to continue to be excellent ex- amples of American freemen at their best estate. To the Puritan solidity of character and mind, of mould and frame, have been added the staunchness and the grace of the Huguenot, the plucky and persevering thrift of the Dutch, the order and steadfastness of the German, the quickness and the fidelity of the Celt, the prudence and the probity of the Saxon, and other good qualities of other nationalities. All have been welcomed and all have as- HON. MR. reeves' ADDRESS. 1O3 similated, slowly but surely, races, creeds, sects, traits, and elemental qualities of mind and body, in the forma- tion of a catholic and cosmopolitan population, liberal in tendencies, broad in views, just in spirit, whose energies have not run to waste, but have expanded and fructified in useful industries at home, while from the parent hive constant streams of stout-hearted working bees have flown out into all the continent to help subdue the wilderness or to swell the tides of civilized toil. In material thrift and activity the agricultural and com- mercial progress of these towns has been notable. You may ride thousands of miles and fail to find a more de- lightful picture of pastoral prosperity than this town pre- sents from Orient Point to the Riverhead line ; and the other two towns which are gathered here under our wings, even as a mother hen gathereth her twin chicks and clucks to the others that are not hers— Southampton for instance — are almost equally favored of nature and fortu- nate in the conditions of agricultural and horticultural success. The waters that infold and interlace this goodly heri- tage, opening to our doors a liquid pathway to all the shores of the boundless ocean, not only invite and foster commercial enterprise, but teem with treasures of sea food adapted to the wants of mankind ; and not only in the line of both vessel building and vessel manning for both foreign and coastwise traffic, but also in the prosecu- tion of the fisherman's industry, have the people of these towns been eminently diligent, energetic and efficient. To-day, without any fresh census enlightenment, as a careful guess I estimate the yearly value of the fisheries of these towns to considerably exceed three-quarters of a million dollars, while the value of their agricultural and horticultural products is doubtless in excess of a million dollars each year, and in other lines of mechanical and manual industry, the various trades and occupations which diversify society and supply its material needs have had ample scope for the exercise of their several en- I04 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. ergies, and have been active, steadfast, and successful in a marked degree. As an exemplification, a sort of epitome, of the qualities and the virtues which have made these towns what they are to-day, and which, God willing, will continue to guide and guard their onward course so long as the generations to come shall cherish the memories and emulate the ex- ample of their ancestors, I hold in my hand two little printed sheets, which, though mere bits in size, are in con- tents more eloquent and instructive than many volumes. They contain, respectively, the sixty-fourth semi-annual statement of the condition of the Southold Savings Bank the ist day of July, 1890, and the thirty-sixth semi- annual statement of Riverhead Savings Bank at the same date, and collectively they show no less sums than a total of assets amounting to $3,081,849.28; and a total due depositors of $2,681,818.08. It is true not all the de- positors in these banks are residents of the three towns, but by far the largest number are, and for an aggregate population of about 13,000, the showing these figures make is a highly suggestive and creditable one. It is, however, valuable chiefly as proving that some of the basic elements in the old Puritan character are immova- bly embedded in the population of these towns, and that while other elements have been engrafted upon the origi- nal stock and have added to both its strength and its symmetry, there remains the foundation of sobriety, self- reliance, earnestness, enterprise, zeal, and frugality, which distinguished the early settlers and which have insured the progress and prosperity of their descendants, as they will of every community happy enough to possess them. And now, having hunted to no avail for a theme on which to say something, and having taken fifteen or more of your minutes in saying nothing, I can find no more ap- propriate way to finish this introduction to the evening's enjoyment — this grace before meat — than to apply to the occasion and the audience before me words addressed to " Our Country," by the sweet Quaker singer of New HON. MR. reeves' ADDRESS. 105 England, the poet Whittier, his latest and one of his best short poems, the sentiments of which seem to be pecu- liarly apposite to the circumstances under which we are assembled : OUR COUNTRY. Our thought of thee is glad with hope, Dear country of our love and prayers : Thy way is down no fatal slope, But up to freer sun and airs. Tried as by furnace fires, and yet By God's grace only stronger made ; In future tasks before thee set Thou Shalt not lack the old-time aid. The fathers sleep, but men remain As true and wise and brave as they ; Why count the loss without the gain ? The best is that we have to-day. No lack was in thy primal stock, No weakling founders builded here ; There were the men of Plymouth Rock ; The Puritan and Cavalier ; And they whose firm endurance gained The freedom of the souls of men, Whose hands unstained in peace maintained The swordless commonwealth of Penn. And time shall be the^power of all To do the work that duty bids ; And make the people's Council Hall As lasting as the Pyramids. Thy lesson all the world shall learn. The nations at thy feet shall sit ; Earth's furthest mountain tops shall bum With watchfires from thine own uplit. Great, without seeking to be great By fraud or conquest— rich in gold, But richer in the large estate Of virtue which thy children hold. io6 southold's celebration. With peace that comes of purity, And strength to simple justice due. So owns our 103'al dream of thee. God of our fathers ! make it true. Oh, land of lands ! to thee we give Our love, our trust, our service free ; For thee thj- sons shall nobly live, And at thy need shall die for thee. The Chairman then invited the Rev. William H. Littell, of Setauket, to lead in prayer. The Rev. Mr. Littell is the pastor of Brookhaven Town's First Church, organized in 1655, whose first pastor was the Rev. Nathaniel Brews- ter, a kinsman of William Brewster, the Ruling Elder of the church that founded the Plymouth Colony. PRAYER OF THE REV. WILLIAM H. LITTELL. Our God, and we will bless Thee, our fathers' God, and we will trust Thee. We come to Thee to-night exulting in Thy great goodness to those who have gone before us, and beseeching Thee to help us to learn well the lessons taught in Thy dealings with them. Truly " the Lord has been with us." " Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." Grant us grace and wisdom to discharge faithfully the duties that devolve upon us, in the time that now is and in all time to come. May the blessings that are ours by reason of a God- fearing ancestry be appreciated by us as bringing with them the solemn responsibility to hand down unimpaired to coming generations the blessings of civil and religious liberty. Let the words of wisdom this day heard be good seed in our hearts and bring forth fruit in our lives and so help to make us Christian patriots. We would remember how of old religion and patriot- ism were joined together in the history of Thine ancient Israel, and realize that the hope of our country, for the REV. MR, LITTELL's PRAYER. I07 present and all the future, is to be found in the same com- bination among us. May the blessing of a Covenant-keeping God, " the same yesterday, to-day, and forever," rest upon us, that through- out all our land the principles of truth and righteousness may prevail ; and we learn that " righteousness exalteth a nation, but sin is a reproach unto any people." Help us who have here rejoiced to-day because of Thy goodness to those whose memory we cherish in song and history and oration, to remember that Thou dealest with nations in time, but with individuals in time and eternity. Help us, therefore, as individual patriots and Christians to serve our generation well ; and may we as happy in- dividuals make up happy communities, and as happy com- munities make up a happy people ; happy because our trust is in the Lord. And unto our Lord would we ascribe blessing and honor and glory and dominion and power. Amen. After the prayer the Rev. Bennett T. Abbott (solo) and chorus sang : THE OLD HOUSE AT HOME. Oh, the old house at home where my forefathers dwelt, Where a child at the feet of my mother I knelt, Where she taught me the prayer, where she read me the page, Which, if infancy lisps, is the solace of age ; My heart 'mid all changes, wherever I roam. Ne'er loses its love for the old house at home. Chorus : The old house at home, the good old house at home ; My heart never changes for that dear old house at home. It was not for its splendor that dwelling was dear, It was not that the gay and the noble were near ; O'er the porch the wild rose and the woodbine entwined. And the sweet scented jessamine waved in the wind ; But dearer to me than proud turret or dome Were the halls of my fathers, the old house at home. Chorus. io8 southold's celebration. But now that old house is no dwelling lor me, The home of the stranger henceforth it must be, And ne'er shaii I view it or roam as a guest O'er the evergreen fields which my fathers possessed ; Yet still in my slumbers sweet visions will come Of the days that I passed in the old house at home. Ckorus, The Chairman said : The address of the evening, pre- pared by Charles B. Moore, Esquire, a native of our town, now a resident of New York City, author of the " Per- sonal Indexes of Southold," will be read. T09 INTRODUCTION. Books numbered for convenience of reference. Nos. (the same as used in the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society). 9. Civil List of the Colony and State of New York. Albany. 13. Allibone's Critical Dictionary of British and American Authors, 1859 and 1870. 84a. History of New Netherlands, by O'Callaghan. 2d edition. Vol. I. 1855. 84b. History of New Netherlands, by O'Callaghan, 2d edition. Vol. n. 1855. 85. Chalmers' Annals of the United Colonies to 1763. 87. History of the Province of New York to 1732. by Wm. Smith. London, 1757. Ch. J. of N. Y., 1782 ; of Port Royal, 1692. 89. The Same, continued to 1818, by J. V. N. Yates. Albany. 92. History of the State of New York, by Joseph W. Moulton. Vol. L, 1821 to 1826, and Part H. 93. History of the State of New York, by Brodhead. Vol. L 1851. (311.) History of the State of New York, by Brodhead. Vol. H. 1871. 95. Denton's Brief Description of New York, 1670. Edited by G. Furman. Printed by Gowans, 1845. 96. History of Long Island, by B. F. Thompson. 1839. ist edition. 97. History of Long Island, by B, F. Thompson. 1843. Vol. I. 2d edition. 98. History of Long Island, by B. F. Thompson. 1843. Vol.11. 2d edition, loi. History of Orange County, by S. W. Eager. 1847. 108. Annals of Newtown, by James Riker, Jr. 1852. 115. Sermon, with History of East Hampton, by Rev. Lyman Beecher. 1806. 120. Moulton's view of New Orange, now New York. 1673. 122. Sketch of Huntington, L. I., by Silas Wood. 1824. 124. Sketch of the several Towns of Long Island, by same. 146. Prime's Ecclesiastical History of Long Island. 1845. 150. Historical Collections of the State, by Barber and Howe. 1847. no SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. 154. Indexes of Southold, by C. B. Moore. 1868. i54/i Southold Town Record, with Notes by E. W. Case, 1882. Vol. I. (See No. 958 for Vol. II ) 164. History of Southold, its First Century, by Rev. Dr. Whitaker. 1881. 165. History of Rye, Westchester, by C. W. Baird. 1874. 167. The Register of New Netherlands, by E. B. O'Callaghan. 1865. 210. Old New York, by J. W. Francis. 1858, 1865-6. 267. Early History of Southampton, L. I., by Geo. R. Howell. 1866. 311. See No, 93, Brodhead History. Vol. II. 1871. , 341, New York Marriage Licenses previous to 1784. 343. The Corwin Genealogy, by Rev. Edward T. Corwin. 1872. 350. The Genealogy of the Benedicts in America, by H. M. Bene- dict. 1876. 356. Journal of Augustus Griffing, etc. 1857. 357. 2ooth Anniversary of Easthampton, by H. P. Hedges. 1850. 403. Record of the Coe Family. 1856. 421. Memorials of the Mudge Family. 1868. 422. Register of First Settlers of New England, by Farmer. 1S29. * 423. Catalogue of Early Settlers of Connecticut, by Hinman. 1852. 424. Genealogies of the First Settlers of Passaic Valley, by l!ittell. 1851. 425. Memorials of Early Settlers of Watertown, Mass., by Hy. Bond. 1855. 447- Chronicles of Easthampton, by D. Gardiner. 1867. 456. Calendar of English State Papers, Colonial Series, 1574 to 1660, by W. N. Sainsbury. 1866. 457. Dictionary of American Biography, by F. S. Drake. 1872. 487. Memorial of Edward Huntting, by Rev. E. Whitaker. 1864. 628. Historical Collections, etc., by Ebenezer Hazard. Vol. I. 1792. 629. Historical Collections, by Ebenezer Hazard. Vol. II. 1794. 797. Memoir of the First Poet in New Netherland. (Jacob Steen- dam.) 1 86 1. •) 820. Account of the Four Chiefest Plantations of the English in America, by Rev. Samuel Clark, of London. 1670. 898. Horton Genealogy, by Geo. F. Horton, M.D. 1876. 8981^. Horton Addenda, by Geo. F. Horton, M.D. 1S79. 901. The First Book of Records of Southampton, Long Island. 1874. 902. The Second Book of Records of Southampton, Long Island. 1877. 906. Autobiography of N. T. Hubbard, N. Y., 1798 to 1875. INTRODUCTION. HI 907. Centennial Address. Bridgehampton, L. I., by H. P. Hedges. 1876. 924. William Wells and his Descendants, by Rev. Chas. Wells Hayes. 1878. 932. Barber's Connecticut Historical Collections. 1838. 2d edi- tion, 1846. 952. Harlem, of N. Y., its Origin and Early Annals, by James Riker. 18S1. 958. Southold Town Records and Notes, by J. W. Case. Vol. H. 1884. (See No. 1541.3' for Vol. I.) 975. The Bi-Centennial History of Suffolk County, etc., by Rev. E. Whitaker, and others. 1885. 976. The Centennial of the Presbyterian Church of Bridge-Hamp- ton, by H. P. Hedges. 1886. 977. Huntington Town Records, 1653 to 1658, by C. R. Street. Vol. I. 1887. 981. Huntington Town Records, 1653 to 1658, by C. R. Street. Vol. n. A. I to A. 4. American Historical Record, by B. J. Lossing. Vols. I. to IV. A. 6 and A. 7. Historical Gleanings, by Mrs. C. V. R. Bonney. Vols. Land H. A. II to A. 32. Magazine of American History. Vols. I. to XXH. A. 58. Annals of America, by Abiel Holmes. Vol- I. 1829. A. 59. Annals of America, by Abiel Holmes. Vol. H. 1829. A. 78. Sir William Alexander and American Colonization. 1873. A. 79. Bi-Centennial Celebration in East New Jersey. 1885. A, 80. Old Times in Huntington. Centennial Address of Hy. C. Piatt. 1876. A. 84. The Allerton Fartnily, by W. S. A. N. Y., 1888. B. 16. History of Westchester, revised by Rev. Robt. Bolton. Vol. I. B. 17. History of Westchester, revised by Rev, Robt. Bolton. Vol. H. C. 7. Calendar of Land Papers, 1643 to i8o3- Albany. C. 8, Calendar of Historical MSS., 1638 to 1801. Vol. L C. 9. Calendar of Historical MSS., 1638 to 1801. Vol. H. C. 10. History of New London, by F. M.Caulkins. 2d edition C. II. History of Norwich, by same. 1874. C. 33. Naval History of Great Britain, by Dr. John Campbell. Vol. H. C. 34. Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, by T. Carlyle. D. I Documents relating to the Colonial History of N.Y., procur- ed in Holland. Vol. L 1856 (printed after Vols. HL to VHL) 112 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. D. 2. Documents relating to the Colonial History of N.Y., procur- ed in Holland. Vol. U. 1858 (printed after Vols. HI. to VOI.) D. 3. Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York procured in London. Vol. HI. 1853. D. 4. Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York procured in Holland, England and France. Vol. IV. 1854 D. 5. Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York procured in Holland, England and France. Vol. V. 1855. D. 6. Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York procured in Holland, England and France. Vol. VI. 1855 D. 7. Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York procured in Holland, England and France. Vol. VII. 1856 D. 8. Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York procured in Holland, England and France. Vol. VIII. 1857 D. 9. Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York procured in Paris. Vol, IX. 1855 D. 10. Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York, procured in Paris. Vol. X. 1858. D. II. An Index of the last 10 volumes, by O'Callaghan. D. 12. Documentary History. 8vo. From New York Records. Albany, 1849. Vol. I. D. 13. Documentary History. 8vo. From New York Records. Albany, 1849. Vol. II. D. 14. Documentary History. 8vo. From New York Records. Albany, 1849. Vol. III. D. 15. Documentary History. 8vo. From New York Records. Albany, 1851. Vol. IV. D. 16. The same. 4to. From the New York Records. Albany, 1850-51. Vol. I. D. 17. The same. 4to. From New York Records. Vol. II. D. i8. The same. 4to. From New York Records. Vol. III. D. 19. The same. 4to. From New York Records. Vol. IV. D. 20. Documents. Dutch and Swedish on the Delaware. Com- pleted by B. Fernow. Vol. XII. 1877. D. 21. Documents. Dutch and Swedish on the Delaware. Com- pleted by B. Fernow. Vol. XIII. D. 22. Documents. Dutch and Swedish on the Delaware. Com- pleted by B. Fernow. Vol. XIV. E. I to E. 16. Essex Institute Historical Collections, Salem, Mass. Vols. I. to XVI. E. 82. Memoirs of John Evelyn and his Diary, by Wm. Bray. Lond., 1871. F. I to F. 18. Annals of U. S., by Peter Force. Vols. I to. XVIII. G. I to G. 19. The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record. Vol. I. to XIX. INTRODUCTION. II3 G. 29. Gazetteer of the State of New York, by T. F. Gordon. 1836. G. 31 to G. 49. Bulletin of the American Geograpiiical Society. Vols. I. to XIX. G. 81. Account of Dunwich, Blythburgh and Soutluvold, by Thos. Gardner. 1754. 4to. G. 86. Papers and Biography of Lion Gardiner, 1599 to 1663, with Appendix and Notes by Curtiss C. Gardiner, 1883. G. 87. Lion Gardiner and his descendants, 1599-1890, by same. H. I to H. 10. The Historical Magazine, Vol. L, 1857, to Vol. X., 1866. H. 28. J. C. Hotten's List of Emigrants. 1874. H. 29. Hatfield's History of Elizabeth, N. J. H. 30. C. J. Hoadley's Records of New Haven from 1638 to 1649. H. 31. C. J. Hoadley's Records of New Haven from 1653 to the Union. H. 32. Huntington Town Records. Printed. Vol. I. H. 33. Huntington Town Records. Printed. Vol. H. H. 34. Early History of Hempstead, L. I., by C. B. Moore. New York, 1879. L 4. Some Account of the Ireland Family (of L. I.), 1880. 1. 5. The Irish Nation, its History and Biography, by Wills. Vol. HL L 6. The Irish Nation, its History and Biography, by Wills. Vol. IV. I. 8. Indians of North America, by Samuel G. Drake. 1837. K. 2. Kent's Commentaries. Vol. II. M. 66. Macy Family Genealogy. New York, 1872. M. 67. Miller's History of Riverhead. M. 68. Capt. John Mason, his Charters, etc. 1887. N. I to N. 42. New England Historical and Genealogical Register- Boston, Vol. I., 1847, to Vol. XLIL, 1888. P. 16. World's Progress. Dictionary of Dates, etc. G. P. Putnam. P. 17. British Ethnology. Pedigree of the English People. P. 35. Southold Branch of the Paine Family, by Horace M. Paine, M. D. R. 12. Records of Brookhaven to 1800, by Hutchinson. R. 25. Records of Brookhaven from 1798 to 1856-1888. R. 26, 27, 28, 29. Records of East Hampton, 1887. Vols. I. to IV. S. 10 to S. 15. Stryker's American Register and Magazine. Vols. I. to VI. S. 16. History of Suffolk County, L. I., with illustrations by W. W. Munsell. S. 25. The Storrs Family, by Chas. Storrs. 1886. S. 27. Descent of Comfort Sands and of his Children. 1886. 114 southold's CET-KBKATION. S. 32. Sketches of Suffold County and of L. I., by Robert B. Bayles- Port Jefferson, 1884. S. 90. The Popular Science Monthly. Vol. XX. T I and T 2. History of Connecticut, by B. Trumbull. Vols. I. and II. 1818. T. 3. The Tuthill Family Gathering at Southold. 1867. U. 5. News From America, by John Underbill. Lond. 1638. U. 6. History of the Virginia Company, by Edwd. D. Neill. U. 7. English Colonization of America, by Edwd. D. Neill. V. 43 to V. 68. Valentine's Manual of New York City for 1843 and yearly to V. 68 for 1868. W. I, W. 2, W. 3. Whitney Family, etc. Vol. I., Vol. II., Vol. III. W. 8 and W. 9. Wynne's British Empire in America. Vol. I., Vol. II. W. 10 and II. Winthrop's History of New England, by Savage. W. 12. Sermons, with Hymns to each subject, by I. Watts, D.D. Vols I and II. 7th edition. Boston, 1746. Rebound at N. Y., 1786. W. 30. Williams' Annual Register of 1830. W. 31 to W. 45 and annually, 1831 to 1845. NOTES ANNEXED. X. I. Deputies from Southold to New Haven, and Taxes. X. 2. Inventories, Southold, etc. X. 3. Wills and Letters of Administration. X. 4. Letters of Administration before the Revolutionary War. X. 5. Letters of Administration after the War, 1787 to 1829. Y. I. History of Yale College, by Thomas Clap. 1766. Y. 6. Chronicles of the Pilgrims, by Alexander Young. 1830. Y. 7. Chronicles of the First Planters of Massachusetts by same. 1840. Z. I. Signatures at Southold in 1662 (over 50). Z. 2. Assessment List for 1675 (persons taxed, 106). Z. 3. Assessment List for 1683. Z. 4. List of Inhabitants for 1686— 331 males. Z. 5. Common Windmill for 1694 — 34 proprietors. Z. 6. List of Inhabitants, 1698 — 132 families. Z. 7. Militia Rolls, 1700. Z. 8. Muster Rolls, Suffolk Co. Regiment, 1715- Z. 9. Muster Rolls of Soldiers in Service before the Revolution- nary War. Z. 10. Sample of Errors. Z. II. Second Sample. C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. II5 ADDRESS. Ladies and Gentlemen: There are many now " who look upon historical inquiry in its true light, as an incentive to progress," an aid to d. i, vi. patriotism, and a friend to Christianity. 628. ir. The examination of historical proofs excites the memory and strengthens the judgment. It detects and corrects errors. It sharpens points of importance and hardens some that are essential, crystallizing them. It makes them more secure and more enduring, in compressed and rounded axioms, or even in poetry ; so that the memory can hold and carry them. In this we can have religious aid from the book of books and from those who study it. " Our best rules for improvement come from knowledge G.i.si of the past." What we learn is soon scattered, or it sinks with each to the grave. Writers and even writings dis- appear : monuments are few, and only for the powerful. Great care is requisite to gather what is valuable and to preserve it that it may be generally known. This was long done in writing. It is now reached in print by the power-press. Our oldest records of history, other than the Bible, are found stamped in clay, burnt like bricks for endurance, and as in Egypt or Babylon, covered with stone, inclosed in towers, buried in sand, or otherwise protected from destruction. Language itself, as well as history, has often been lost to ignorant crowds, and some- times by a confusion of tongues ; but collected from mon- uments and from bricks and carefully studied out, has been wonderfully recovered and perpetuated. In our time the ancient Egyptian symbolism is again brought to some of the exactness of the mason's rules. In a century there are about three generations of men ; and none of us can tell how much of history these mav ii6 southold's celebration. require, and should learn for themselves or teach to their successors — besides having the best preachers they can get. In two hundred and fifty years, in every family, there are eight or ten men in succession to be taught — each for himself and each to teach others. How can we manage such repetitions of this double duty ? One answer is we can make it easier. That will be a gain of progress. To learn and to teach, we may make the labor or the pleasure of life. The gentlemen who have kindly invited us to be present G.4, «3. on this occasion, in our native or favored town, have in- dicated the last two hundred and fifty years as the period, and this as the place, whose history should especially be considered. In this we can heartily accord with them. From this standpoint, we are to see what progress has been made in the past, and what improvement may be secured for present use, or for the future. Here, each has a private and personal interest and duty to learn for his own use and to tell his relatives, neighbors, and friends. Here no one will prevent him. And here as well as elsewhere, if he honestly and honorably can, he may make knowledge add to his wealth, his happiness or his power. " Here shall the enthusiastic love Which freemen to their country owe. Enkindled glorious, from above, In every patriot bosom glow ; * Inspire the heart, the arm extend, The rights of freemen to defend." In speaking of that early period (Anno Domini 1640) we need not now say much about prior history ; nor about Charles the First, king of England, or his Short or Long Parliament, which met in that year; nor of this American country, west of the Atlantic, and south of Long Island. But to have fair and defensible starting ground for our historical course, we may remind you that this Island had been explored especially, first, to trade with the native Indians ; and next to secure territory for the nation, and c. B. moore's address. H7 for sale or use; and last but not least to inform friends and to invite neighbors. Its character, climate and produc- tions had been ascertained and reported abroad. Since 1602, explorations had been active. Great difficulties and disasters were experienced after 1607 in settling colonics '""• '* of civilized white men on this Atlantic coast, both north and south of us. Many of these have been described. Some of the disasters could by caution have been avoided. Others arose, at the outset, upon the attempt to conceal m. the discovery by Columbus, and to apply the whole bene- fit of half the world to a small class ; and then these be- came national disagreements which we must leave to na- tional historians or national disputants, though apprehen- sive that they will set men to fight about them, simply striving for their own greatness. There were failures in Southern Virginia and in other a.78.ijk). . places arising much from inexperience; from forcing unpre- '■'•'^■ pared men, women and children away from England under *«• very imperfect government and in violation of right ; from the difficulty of feeding and protecting crowds of poor peo- ple in uncultivated regions ; and from the hostility of Indi- ans, if separated and scattered in lonely places in the wil- derness, or if they obtained the food or money used by the Indians, or dispossessed the latter from their places of gathering it. These may come under our view as affect- jg^ ^g. y.,_ ,^. ing our own locality here. In 1609, Henry Hudson entered the River that bears his name. In 1618, Capt. John Smith, who had been in Virginia u.io.6«i. and in New England and had written before, reported s.si. his voyages and travels and his romantic adventures and views. He could tickle the crowd, and have his books read. In 1620, Capt. John Mason, of Kings Lynn, who had "•»»■ passed some seven years in Newfoundland, published his -^ 1 54,;. valuable and business-like tract about that region. He became powerful in England, but died about 1635. He a.58, i«4. may be regarded as the leader from Kings Lynn, but was w.io. 285. U. 6, 30S ii8 southold's celebration. unjustly charged at Boston as the enemy of Massachusetts. 628- In 1620 and 1621, the governments of England and Hol- lai. land made very active attempts to organize and pro- T. 1,562. tect new settlements, especially for trading companies. But traders were not what the country most wanted. G.10,67. Before 1622, the Virginia Company asked for ship- wrights. It cost much trouble to procure them. Capt. Thomas Barwick was sent out with twenty-five men and u. 6, ids. arrived, but they and their employers had first to house u.6,3is. themselves. They scattered to build dwellings. In 1622 three hundred and forty-seven whites were mas- sacred by Indians ; a war succeeded, and many more A. 58, 178. were destroyed. All escaped who could, but only one- ninth, by estimate, remained. Fishing, the safest early 628.338. reliance for food, was better at the North. Perhaps some of these mechanics came North. It is not easy to U.6. identify them; probably Thomas Stevenson (soldier) and w.u. William Rogers (millwright) came that way. Daniel G.5,'6*2.* Gooken and Edward Blaney, from Ireland, went from Virginia to Massachusetts. Robert Hempstead settled at New London, and perhaps an early Thomas More went to Virginia, who lost his life before 1635. Edward Brewster, of Virginia, came from the same neighbor- G.io.ys. hood in Suffolk County, England. John Budd and others may have been there. G.4, 138. The Plymouth Colony (of Pilgrims) commencing at 266,373. Cape Cod in 1620, after various experiences at Ley den, Y. 6, 6-28. obtained in twenty years much valuable knowledge and S6, &c. some firmness of position and of government. It occupied a narrow strip of land on the frontier that was capable of being defended ; and aided by fishing, the settlement could be supported. It had few early shipwrights. It obtained additional grants and attempted extensions, north and south, for its surplus of active men, which em- braced the names of Winslow and Cushman, Brewster and AUerton ; and presently it had some of the Young family at Eastham. In 1624, Sir William Alexander published his well-writ- G. 15, 57. N. 7, 347. C. H. MOORR S ADDRF.SS. II9 ten "Encouragement to Colonies," with the motto "Thou shall labor for peace and plentie." He was a Protestant ; i*"- and living among many with stiff opinions, avoided harsh- ness. He thought " the Spaniards should have possessed ^*'-^- this land for the planting it with Christians," " and that, the Minister for spiritual and the smith for temporal re- -^oo. spects, were the two mOst necessar)^ members of a new settlement." The Scotcii had the hardest struggle for Protestantism. He wrote that " Time doth new worlds displaj' 247. That Christ a church o'er all the earth may have." '^^^' Much may be read by diligent readers. p. 27 ; p. as, &e. The Massachusetts Colony (called Puritans), commenc- '*^-'- ing at Salem and Boston about 1625 to 1630, and spread- ^as. ing, followed by those who peopled Connecticut and Rhode Island, was crowded with settlers from England, t?w.i-it», &c. Scotland, Ireland and Wales, until these arrived and spread faster than they could be supported, sheltered or fed. Letters to England from sufferers raised apprehen- g.io,^^. sions of losses by famine. The rush of emigrants from England needing support must (in view of friends) be y.7,;{ii,&c. checked and suffering prevented. Aid was sought from the English Government, but that was a very irregular machine. Thomas Youngs, then a captain in the Navy, u.j. connected with the writer Evelyn, living at Deptlord, -jus'. near London, and by direction of the Government, under a commission and orders given after discussion, dated 23d September, 1633, visited Virginia and Maryland in h.28,i5!». 1634, having in his company his nephew, Robert Evelyn, w.io.kmj. Having had some boats built, he wrote, offering to de- m, 33s. liver cattle, and sent north to Boston, tendering supplies and perhaps boats, while his nephew went back to Eng- 267.>j.57. land with letters for aid, and returned. He was not much thanked at Boston. It seems his offer or his talk was not w.io, lee. well received there. Supplies had been received at that port. He was authorized by the king to establish and 628. sis. fortify factories where he found suitable places, and to fit I20 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. out vessels, appoint officers and explore territories in H.7, i>6i. America, but probably was not furnished with means. Provincial Governors were charged to assist him and English subjects not to impede him. He was a skillful man to examine, make efforts and report. In the absence of roads, boats were highly necessary. This was plainl)^ true on a large scale and certainly true of islands like ours. His official reports have not been seen. He seems to have stopped the Dutch on the south and west by the Delaware. Did he not help us to our gathering of ship- wrights ; to our fortified factory of boats? He had no aid from Provincial Governors, unless from Berkeley, of Virginia; and if the latter aided, he was punished for it by those who were not so loyal. Evelyn tells us that Capt. E 82, .554. Thomas Youngs lived to a great age, and was a sober man and an excellent seaman. Settlements attempted at the north on the coasts and islands of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Maine and New Hampshire, although favored by the English Government, were nearly all put back or defeated. Ice impaired the use of boats so far north. Immigrants settling farther south, proclaimed " the weather at the north in Summer very hot, the Winters excessively cold, and the ground in general barren," etc. Each receiving a grant advertised and praised his own, but disparaged and condemned an- U.7, '260. other's. Discord instead of union naturally prevailed. Some places were nearly barren, but such general con- demnations were unjust. M.68. Captain John Mason, in office and power in England, had a relative in Scotland and was known there. He had taught some of the wildest people of the northern isles to behave better. He favored settlers at the north in Maine and in New Hampshire, where he had a grant ; and he approved of immigrants who left England, perhaps ex- pecting to stay farther north. Some of them came later "hTo. to our Southold, including Charles Glover, a shipwright ; G. 10, 70. probably also one of the Benjamins, with others of the early inhabitants of our town. C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. 121 Sir William Alexander, before named, was a Scotch- man and a favorite of the Stuarts, kings of Scotland, who were at that period kings also of England and of Ireland as separate countries not united, except by having the same king, nor even friendly to each other (having been much at war), and each then with a separate legislature of its own. He had an early grant from the English Coun- cil of Plymouth and a grant from Nova Scotia — New Scotland. He became Secretary of State for the King- dom of Scotland, was made a baron of that kingdom in 1630 by King Charles I., and was created Viscount Canada and Earl of Stirling in 1633, but perhaps was still called a knight in England. He accorded generally with Capt. J^.^»- Mason. He was authorized to create knights-baronets of '^^*' Nova Scotia ; and by the published roll he introduced many noted names, including Sir Robert Gordon, son of the Earl of Southerland, as premier ; Walter Norton of Chestone in Suffolk, England ; Capt Arthur Forbes of Longford, Ireland ; David Livingstone of Donypace ; John Livingstone of Kinnaird ; Sir William Murray of Clermont, or Clairemount; and Sir Robert Montgomery, together with several Campbells, Stewarts, Grahams, etc., of Scotland. He was connected with prominent Scotch lamilies, by marriage, and by his sons' marriages and his i.a.sss. daughters'. He received later grants from his sovereign, Charles a. 78. I., as King of Scotland, one dated 12th July, 1625, .^17. and another dated 22d April, 1635, called Novo damns — ^gj. we grant anew. This last included our Long Island, and gos. was given because others had failed for lack of actual oc- cupation or entry on the land. But it seems he did not show this last much abroad, or to Englishmen ; and it has often been overlooked by our countrymen and by others- He doubtless wished to claim title under it, and may have desired to hold the island under Scotch rule, or as a part A.78,irr. of Scotland ; but he found Englishmen were opposed to Scotland and the Scotch, as rulers, as much as they were to Dutchmen and the Dutch. I think there is no evidence 122 southold's celebration. that he abused the grant. He could take title to land from the English king without objection and could not be treated as an alien. He no doubt could obtain a like grant from the English if he needed it and probably did so, K-2, — receiving one from the English Company of Plymouth on 22d April, 1636, by favor of or instead of his first son, then deceased, and by special request of the king. He favored islands and the early support of immigrants by hshing. 97,117. He gave a power dated 30th April, 1637, to James Far- rett, who was out here in 1638, just after the Pequot war, and who was expected to be favored by Governor Win- throp of Massachusetts. But the governor and his staff, w.io. or members of his family supporting Cromwell, were found rather to oppose than to befriend him, treating him as a Royalist; and many claimed title by conquest from the Pequots. Farrett found persons in Massachusetts, and especially at Lynn, willing to deal with him for land on D.3. 33. Long Island upon the assurance that the Earl or his suc- cessor would approve his sales and give the purchasers deeds. Farrington, Senior, perhaps did not leave Lynn, having two hundred acres of land and a mill there ; but i^ol'. his sons and others came to different parts of Long Island. John Thomas came to Southold, but did not remain here : The Senior and Junior were at Setauket, Long Island, in ^50,'&c?' '^'*' 1664; and one of these witnessed a deed herein 1678. Their deeds or leases from Farrett as attorney were ap- 147. proved, as well as Matthew Sunderland's. Farrett's grant D.3,21. for Southampton, Long Island, reported as dated 12th j).3,'ii. June, 1639, was reported approved by the Earl on 20th August, 1639; and several other grants also, of which for- mal copies were not printed for the public. If there is a mistake of a year in those dates (which I do not perceive) it is of no importance. B}^ the time the confirmations ar- rived in either year, some purchasers were ready to take possession. The Earl, in writing, doubtless excused others from obtaining any approval of Governor Winthrop. Farrett executed a deed to Lyon Gardiner for Gardiner's Island, and another to Stephen Goodyear for Shelter C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. 1 23 Island, and a mortgage to several for all Long Island, in teresting some principal men on his side. Farrett en- countered the dififiiculties of the Earl in this wild and dis- tant place, and strenuously sought to master them. If 1 should paint some of them to you I should perhaps be doing as useful a service as any within my power. If you do not take them into view, you will have a very imperfect history. Farrett had to struggle hard against the Dutch on the west end of this island ; but that is not my present field to describe. Some time in 1641 he was informed of the Earl's death, which, as reported, occurred about February, i^'4i (N. S.), at London, where he or his eldest son William had a house while living, and where the widow and minor children of that son sometimes resided. The Earl's body was carried to Scotland and buried at night as the son's had been, perhaps not secretly, but according to custom, and probably without much public notice. A civil war was breaking out, and the country was in great commo- tion. The Earl died in embarrassed circumstances, an aged man and practically poor. He had had thirteen children. His eldest son William, who had been with Captain Kirk at the north in America, died before him, leaving, besides a widow of the Douglas family and daughters, a minor son who became the second Earl, but who died young — it is said within three months. The Earl's second and third sons died before him, young and without children. His fourth son Henry was called third earl, and lived a few years later, until 1644, leaving a son Henry, fourth earl, and other children. His fifth son John married Agnes Graham, and also left children. His sixth son Charles married Ann Drurie, and had a son Charles, who died. Jean, one of his daughters, married (first) Hugh Montgomery, a Viscount of Ireland, and (second) Major-General Robert Monroe. Mary, the sec- ond daughter, married Sir William Murray, of Clermont, one of the baronets. It would be strange if some of these did not resent ill-treatment, but it was hard enough for Farrett to proceed out here. 124 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. One of the greatest difficulties was to find what law, or whose, would prevail. Farrett doubtless favored the Scotch law, or understood it best. A difference existed between the English and the Scotch law affecting his power. By the sharp English common law, his power would be at once revoked by the Earl's death. But by the Scotch, or the equitable civil law, it might remain in force for a period, making contracts valid where the Earl's death was unknown, or where there was a debt thereby secured. The death of King Richard III. had dissolved his army, because all his officers had their powers in- stantly revoked, and there was no one authorized to take his place and appoint others. The wounding of William of Orange at the battle of the Boyne, reported fatal, almost 1.5,37. disorganized the Government of England by the same rule. That difficulty was afterward met by special sta- tutes. Farrett, in September, 1641, appeared before Governor Winthrop at Boston and formally protested against E. and T. Tomlyns and H. Knowles as intruders, and against all others taking any possession of Long Island, not claiming from the Earl. He granted Martha's Vineyard to T. Mayhew, of Watertown. He then retired. It seems Captain Andrew Forester, another agent of the family arriving later, about 1647, and going bravely to New 84 4y, York, was seized and sent away by the Dutch Governor, and deprived of his papers. These were probably not well understood and perhaps misrepresented ; or, whatever A. 78,1 15, note, they werc, allowed no force under Dutch law — we must G.12. 13, &c. dismiss them all; though much has been written about them. Here some of the descendants afterward joined the noted family of the Livingstons and others from Scot- land who came to America. A 58 307. ^'^ 163 1, King Charles I. by proclamation forbade disor- 628. 311 and dcrly trading with savages in New England, and espe- ^*'^' cially furnishing them with weapons and habiliments of war. This, of course, the Dutch treated as not binding upon them. Man}^ Englishmen also did not admit that c. B moore's address. 125 he could make laws for them here by his mere proclama- tion. That method had been opposed and checked in England under James I., but perhaps not so much in Scot- land. King Charles, hearing from Captain Young or his mes- senger Evelyn, professed to follow the doctrine of Selden, the English lawyer, as to Jllarc Clausian, or the closed sea, in opposition to Grotius, as to Mare Libcrum, the free and open sea. His twist of the law was proclaimed in 1635 in ^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ an official letter sent to Sir William Boswell, the British Charge d'Affaires in Holland, saying he intendeth " not a rupture," but he will "force them to perform due homage to his admirals and ships." They must dip their flags to acknowledge his royal greatness ; if not, he would treat them as enemies. The despot, manufacturing law by his mere sic volo, sic jubeo, was ready to force his own peo- ple to pay him ship money and tonnage and poundage without any act of Parliament, as well as to extort loans from any wealthy citizen under penalty of punishment, in order that he might compel the ships of other countries, by firing at them, to do him homage, though unjustly. The small and scattered fishing boats, of course, could not resist his armed vessels. In 1636 he sent his fleet against the Dutch and Scotch c.33,a4,&c. fishermen off the northern coast, requiring them to fore- bear fishing, and enforcing obedience by firing at them. He repeated this until 1639, making them pay a heavy license or tax for fishing, and all the time artfully manu- facturing law while setting a bad example of fraud and 1.5, 694. violence. This affected his subjects, Scotch, Irish or Eng- lish, as well as the Dutch. It was the apprehension of this violence and plunder on our coast, which set it deci- dedly against the king and his chiefs. After the date of loth or 25th March, 1639, the new h.3o.ii,&c. year 1640 commenced. March was called the first month of the year, and April the second ; December was the tenth month, January the eleventh, and February the G.12.51. twelfth. The English statute for the year to begin on ist 126 southold's celebration. January was not passed until 1751. Other countries at different dates adopted that rule, but generally not earlier than 1710. There were many discrepancies in dates in w. 10. 486. which, however, we need not be entangled. w. 10, 485. The Rev. John Davenport and Theophilus Eaton were the public men and writers who took charge of New Haven at the outset, as notified in their letter to Governor Winthrop, on leaving Massachusetts to go to New Ha- ven in 1638. At first they bore the brunt of Boston oppo- sition. H. 30. We have two volumes of the official records of New H.31. Haven, well edited by Mr. C. J. Hoadley, State Librarian and Secretary of State for Connecticut, and lately published — so late as 1857 and 1858. Persons whose ancestors never belonged to that jurisdiction (like our Southampton friends) may not have read them, or if they have, may not recognize the unknown names. Only one volume seems 13. to have reached our Philadelphia " Critical Dictionary of A. 58. EngHsh and American Authors " in 1859. Dr. Holmes of Cambridge, Massachusetts, compiled his first edition of " American Annals " in 1805, and his second in 1828 (gen- erally following Winthrop as others did), and of course never saw either of these more recent volumes of Mr. D.J to D. 21, 84a, Hoadlcy's, nor any print of Mr. Brodhead's large impor- tation, nor of O'Callaghan's publications. All these merely copied Mr. Winthrop's distant and one-sided stories on our topics for this State. Mr. John W. Barber, in his historical collections for Connecticut, gives a preface to his first edition, dated 1837, speaking only of his failing to obtain information, without indicating where he failed. But it is easily discovered, by reading, that he had very little of Mr. Hoadley 's information ; and in his second edition of 1846 there is a like hiatus. Both of these dates were before Mr. Hoadley 's, and so were Barber and Howe's for the State of New York ; and general readers, content with such authors, look no farther. So likewise of many others who may have seen the outsides of the later books, but have not found time to read in so many &c. c. B. moore's address. 127 large volumes such a mass ; and who, even if they had, could not remember the details correctly, nor select and hastily put together the material parts affecting us. But I notice that our present Pastor has examined those of Mr. Hoadley, as also Rev. Dr. Corwin had done. Mr. Eaton became Governor ; and they early appointed a notary to preserve records, the earliest parts of which, however, were not bound together. Stephen Goodyear was an owner of vessels and a trader H.30. at New Haven, and was there in 1639. On 226. October, 1640, he purchased 150 acres of T. Witherly, on the north side of Manhansett River opposite to Shelter Island, near modern Greenport, with the house built on it, which Witherly, a mariner, had purchased of Richard Jackson, a carpenter, and for which the carpenter had secured a deed from James Farrett, dated 15th August, 1640. Mr. Goodyear soon ranked as a magistrate, and in 1643 was Deputy Governor of New Haven. On i8th May, 1641, he purchased Shelter Island of Mr. Farrett, perhaps after the death of the old Earl. At a meeting of the New Haven Company on the 30th of 6th month (August), 1641, it was H.30,57. entered of record " Mr. Goodyear propounded his pur- chase of Mr. Farrett's Island to the town, but it was not accepted." It perhaps may be inferred that by this time news of the Earl's death had arrived. Farrett had not yet left Massachusetts, and it seems he had from the Earl a right to choose a large parcel as his own for his com- pensation, and Farrett claimed that he had chosen this. It might prevent his power from being revoked or disre- ^ ^^ garded, if he added, as he did, an assignment of his own right and interest. Capt. Underhill, Henry Ackerly, John Budd, Thomas Osborne and others, afterward of Southold, were at New Haven as early as 1639. Henry Ackerly built a cellar there and afterward sold it. On 3d April, 1640, Ackerly was publicly rebuked for this, which we cannot think was wrong, if he preferred to go some- where else, or went as a soldier. In 1666 he was at Green- wich, Conn. We find Robert Ackerly in 165 1 at South- 128 southold's celebration. old (probably a son of Henry), having a home lot which 154M, 1. adjoined our Pastor Young's and which also was soon B.12.5. sold. In 1660 he and several others from New Haven and Southold were at Setauket. We have condensed in brief terms what appears to us a fair result of much reading, and have assisted the reader by enabling him to find sufficient proof of what has been stated. If on any point he is inclined to think differently, that is an affair of his own. He is welcome to his free- dom, and should allow me mine. The mortgage of all Long Island which has been men- 98,311. tioned, was executed by Farrett, dated 29th July, 1641, to George Fenwick of Saybrookport, the agent of the proprietors of Connecticut under their patent ; and to John Haynes, Samuel Wyllis and Edward Hopkins, the Governor, Clerk and principal merchant of Hartford ; and to Theophilus Eaton, Stephen Goodyear and Thomas Gregson, the Governor, Lieut.-Governor and principal merchant of New Haven. It recited Farrett's power of attorney or commission, and stated that in attending Lord Sterling's service three years and upward, without having received any support or maintenance from him, he had been forced to use his own credit to take up divers moneys and commodities to the value of ^iio, in order to relieve his necessities — which sum he had procured and received of the above-named persons. And he adds that the present instrument was given as he was about to re- turn to England to provide, as may be, for that part of Long Island not possessed, nor, as he conceived, claimed by the Dutch. The mortgage was redeemable in three years on paying the ;^ 1 10, together with such other charges or improvements as should be expended or made for or upon Long Island. At Hartford this mortgage (as we term it) was at first treated for public account. It was recorded there on 6th May, 1664 ; and the original instrument was left there. Subsequently on 8th October, 1668, after the capture of New York from the Dutch, the secretary was ordered to C. D. MOORE S ADJ)RESS. 1 29 deliver it to Mr. Wyllis and Mr. Jones for the use of those concerned. This, in form and substance, was much like a bottomry bond, authorized and used by the civil law to help a disabled vessel. It does not mention the Earl's de- cease. But it is beheved this was then known by these parties. As to the different law between Eng- land and Scotland, it has been urged, in my time at New York. In 1640, a few Hollanders occupied the site of our present City of New York and some convenient spots on the River of Hudson as far north as Albany. They professed to have forts at New York and Albany ; but they did not keep much force in the forts. Substantially these were shams as against regular soldiers, but enough to check Indians, and a place of resort and protection for the unarmed citizens upon an alarm. The Hollanders gave the name of New Netherlands to their territory ; claiming at that time all Long Island, and wishing to se- cure possession of it from the west end. But in this they were not very urgent or active. They had not felt the incumbrance of a superfluous population. They were few, scattered over wide districts, not crowded, nor had 92, voi. 2, 333. they many cultivators of the soil. Nearly all were traders and laborers. Some of the earliest descriptions of Long Island were written in 1649 and 1650, on Manhattan Island, now New York City, or in Holland, by Adrian Van Der Donk. LL.D., a learned and able man. These, with others, writ- ten either by his associates or opponents, were presented to the Government in New York and at the Hague in Holland, as a remonstrance.^ Of course they need good (D^d. 1. '^ro, translations and editorial notes ; and it may be fair to ob- serve here that this remonstrance was sanctioned by the names of our friends Thomas Hall* of Kips Bay, New (2)g:*i43. York, and Isaac Allerton3 of Plymouth Colony, New (sjl-sV ' Haven and New York, both Englishmen, and by others connected with Englishmen, Augustin Herman,* a Bohe- wo. 9, as. 130 southold's celebration. mian agent of the merchants Gabri in Holland, and by some others called Huguenots (claiming to be hostile to France), temporary residents under the Dutch at or near New York, but friendly to the English. Hollanders claimed Long Island as a crown of their province " by reason of its great advantage of excellent bays and harbors as well as convenient and fertile lands." 108.31, -is. Dr. Van Der Donk really ranks as its earliest historian. His book was published in 1655. His ancestors were of Breda, and favored the English against the Spanish. He became a Protestant. He married a daughterof Rev. Fran- 84a. cis Doughty, an English clergyman, of Newtown, Long u. 7, 326. Island, and he had a Dutch grant of land at Yonkers on the Hudson. We must be brief and avoid entanglements. We may treat all the land here as unimproved in 1640. Its present condition shows its improvement. You know about that. The land of our town certainly, in 1640, had been but little cultivated. The best land was apparently covered with hard wood, " including several kinds of tim- ber suitable for the construction of houses and ships, (3)1). 1,270. large or small," 3 plenty for firewood, and varieties adapt- ed to many purposes, walnuts and chestnuts, berries and small fruit in abundance and many vines, " but principally [as if they had been planted there] around and along the banks of the brooks, streams and rivers which did course and flow in abundance all through the land ; the grapes of many varieties, some white, some blue, etc." ^The reporters to Holland, described the birds and fish, including among the birds, eagles, turkeys and ducks, and among the fish, salmon, black fish and shell fish, conch shells — from which the Indians made wampum, their money — and abundance of oysters and mussels. But we must not run loose and get astray. Although the spirit of exaggeration has characterized the promoters of colo- nization, there was not much of it in this, for our town. Our " Eagle Neck " and " Oyster Ponds " are English proofs, although eagles and oysters are now scarce. For (4) D. 1, -i77. 'iS5, &c. M. 68, 141. Y. 7. '^64. C. D. MOORE S ADDRESS. 13I eagles we show only fish-hawks, and the modern scarcity of oysters appears to be a fault of our own. Furs, especially s. w.-jsj. of the beaver and the otter, proved the most remunera- tive to send back to Europe. The beaver frequented 628. these small streams, and were successfully caught in many a. 58. '^31. of them, particularly above Riverhead and at " Hup- pauge," the beaver place in Smithtown, opposite New Haven. Indians would catch and sell the beaver cheaply, as well as the fish and the birds and other animals. It was deemed judicious to use them and not to disturb the beaver until many were ready to be caught — perhaps in Winter. This plan and the difificulties arising from fallen wood, tangled vines, the absence of roads, of bridges, of horses and of wagons, long left both the Whites and the Indians without roads, and longer without them on the south side than on the north side of Long Island. The ^ old northwestern boundary of the town is yet called Wading River, and Oyster Pond Neck had its wading creek. Rough woodland intercepted by ponds, swamps and streams without bridges, was the rule. Traveling to any distant place, or carrying freight, was only by Avater. Many boats and vessels were necessary. Indian trails, easily ambushed, were unsafe and insufficient. Van Der Donk and his friends reported at New York and in Holland that the English were the strongest, and that a fixed boundary line between them was essential. Tienhoven, the secretary and representative of the Dutch Governor of New York, disputing with Van Der Donk, wrote, in 1649-50, saying Long Island " is full thirty leagues long from the west " (say at Harlem) " to the northeastern point " — "about three miles to a league, mak- ing ninety miles." " It is the levelestand finest soil in New Netherland ; very well adapted for agriculture and the rearing of all sorts of cattle ; furnished with beautiful valleys, navigable harbors, rivers and bays ; a considerable inland sea, whose shores are inhabited by Indians, and in which are various other fair and fertile islands. The greatest part of the wampum for which the furs are traded. 132 southold's celebration. is manufactured there by the natives. The English of the colony of New Haven settled two villages at the bight of the aforesaid inland sea, about three leagues from the east point of said island ; one called Southampton, containing about ten or twelve houses ; the other Southold, about thirty houses." This, written before 1650, is the earliest picture pre- served of our Southold. And this active Dutchman wrote (in deference to Van Der Donk's unanswerable argument) that he would urge an agreed boundary line, but without it, would "prevent the English from fur- ther progress on Long Island by taking possession of the east point, which, he said, was about three leagues [/. ^., nine miles] from Southampton [then perhaps in- cluding Easthampton], and by securing its possession by D. 1,300-365. a redoubt and a small garrison." This was his hostile plan for Southold. It was tried for Saybrook and for Hartford, and defeated. It was either foreseen by or quickly reported to the English early settlers of Southold. They had some friends in Holland. Probably they then built the redoubt at Cutchogue or then strengthened it, (b)G.i3,i46. if before built.^ The known warriors against the Pequots were favored and secured to assist Sonthold, such as Un- derhill, Arthur Smyth and others. If any persons wish another Dutch account from New York they can read that of the Minister in 1644. We do not think it im- 628, 517. portant. We have not at command a very reliable or full account of the Southold Indians. We cannot read or pronounce their names, which they claimed the right to change at pleasure. We infer that they were chiefly fishermen and gatherers of wampum, each set having a chief, and that the residents were not very strong or numerous, but could be strengthened by allies. The place of the five wigwams 154X, 11a. alone is mentioned in our records. These were oppo- 958. 195. site Shelter Island, near Greenport. Only two or three 154M. 56. old cellars are mentioned in early boundaries. At or near the mouths of some creeks, in snug harbors, can be traced C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. 133 the piles of shells and the scattered arrow-heads which show where the Indians frequented. The first sites ot temporary resting places for white men were generally on isolated points of land surrounded by water like Plumb Island, Gardiner's Island, Crane Neck, Eaton's Neck, Hog Island (in Queens County), now called Cen- tre Island, and Lloyd's Neck. These were left by the first occupants, when peaceable possession was acquired and secured for villages at selected places farther in the interior where fair house lots fronting on roads were at command. Village lots were planned to be the small- est to enable houses when built to be jointly defended, being near each other and easily fenced, cleared, etc. These houses, almost as fast as built, as well as the old (au|«^^j58 forts, can be traced by the deeds and records at South- f^^'j^Vik*' old,^ Southampton,** Setauket,'= Huntington,"^ and East ?d)H.32. Hampton.^ |>|-26- Small plots were planned for separate ownership in a k.'!: general field to be surrounded by a common fence and tilled for food. But where would records or writings be kept before there were houses ? Written scrawls are not the only marks that can be read. The cellars and ditches of houses and lots, long leave their traces. Several of them in this town, more than one hundred years old and now unused, yet retain their old forms and lines ; some appeared superficially in my boyhood, now traceable only by digging for discolored soil. Some, not apparent on the surface, were then pointed out to me by my father and others in the ploughed fields, especially in some large old lots opposite the white hill of Shelter Island. And some fields are now overgrown with wood where no dwelling has been seen within the memory of man ; yet they betray the cellars where houses stood long ago and the garden plots also by the wild roots of plants or weeds. The records of Southampton and of other towns, we think, aid to explain points common to all. They need not be repeated. They can be read. The names of places g, u, c. 134 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. and reserves often betray their sponsors. Winter harbor and Sterling creek are enough for examples, and even the name of Southold. Union was necessary to guard against Indians or enemies ; united plans for defense and improvement were appropriate. The Corchauge tribe of Indians was doubtless a formi- dable one on the northeastern branch of Long Island, prior to 1637. By report it was allied with the Pequots, and sent its armed force to assist the Pequots in Connecti- cut before 1640. If so, the force was subdued and pun- ished in Connecticut by the gathered forces of Whites c. 10, 45. and Narragansetts. The actions with hostile Indians in Connecticut in 1645, we need not describe. Some war- riors fled west ; some continued hostile. The Indians (except Wyandank and his family), who remained on Long Island, were apparently very humble and obsequi- ous. The village or old town plot was doubtless first re- leased to our settlers — the date being the only disputa- ble point. An early sachem was called Paucump, and his „„, son Ambusco. About 1646, they released land at Hasha- \}^^\ momack, east of Southold village, to William Salmon ; •iop! and they were living and released other land farther west, Rafoai fourteen years later, in 1660. Another set, in 1648, released Mattituck. The Indians of Shelter Island were styled the Man- hansett tribe. The stream between that Island and Ster- ling (modern Greenport) was the Manhansett River. The chief in 1644 and in 1652 was called Youngco, Yokee ; Yoehoc, or Unchenchic. He and his tribe sold out and delivered possession of that island in old English style, 154.^. and left it in 1652. By report he went west of Huntington to the neighborhood of Cow-bay, since called Manhasset, in Queens County, and was there watched by Mr. Thomas Benedict (appointed by the United Colonies), who in G.io. 14S. 1649, with Henry Whitney, millwright, and Edward Tredwell, purchased land of William Salmon. These moving west, sold that land to Thomas Ryder. Thomas 350. W. 1, 2, 3, C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. 135 Osman (or Osborne) early had land at Hashamomack, having married a daughter of William Furrier, one of the first settlers and magistrates. From one of these Thom- ases (when young) came the name Tom's Creek — without intending any personal disparagement. These pioneers all left creditable descendants. There was an early agree- ment made to buy out the Indians, whoever were claim- ants of the land east of that creek, for about ^14. This sum was advanced by some one and paid (perhaps by Capt. Joseph Youngs and called in his inventory ^^15, or perhaps by Mr. Hallock or Mr. Thomas), and was to be refunded and paid by persons who should take parts of the lands. The written agreement left in private hands or sent to New Haven, went to destruction or out of sight. It was enforced at a later date by town order. ^ Land {3)154k. east of Tom's Creek, was treated as not within the bounds ^^^* of Southold " the westward side belonging to the town," until 24th February, 1662-3, when in Southold town meeting it was written : " Our neighbors of Hashamo- mack then present desired to be received as complete townsmen. They were thereupon received as townsmen by vote." This was before authorized at New Haven, H.;n. where the rulers wanted their oaths. A confirmatory deed by the new Sachem of Montauk i54>^. isss. was dated 15th January, 1651. A further confirmatory ire'. deed by Indians was so late as 1665. But enough about ^ Indian deeds. '^^** In 1640 and before that date, we cannot safely name all the resident white men. They were outside, beyond the reach or protection of ordinary laws or governments, and without houses or records or recording clerks. It deserves commendation that few of their laws or actions were violent either in words or execution. Their rules to preserve peace and order were excellent. Occasionally they encountered a passion too strong for them ; but their history shows that they observed the Earl of Sterling's motto, and labored " for peace and plenty." Our Southold early settlers were composed of a large 136 southold's celebration, proportion of shipwrights. It excited surprise to find the shipwrights so soon scattered in so many new settlements. G^io_ Early laws were made to force them to work cheap ; and *54. to forbid wood being cut down and branches left on the ground, supposed a habit of shipwrights. But on investi- gation, it was found that the ship carpenters at first were acting as house carpenters in nearly all the new places ; and several would go together, usually companions, doubt- less for mutual protection or defence, each knowing persons upon whom they could rely, Thomas Moore leaving his wife and children with his mother at Salem, seems to have been at Hempstead, L, I., at Newtown, L. I., at Millford, Conn., and early at New York. And so of others. Many became seamen for these narrow seas. The seaman has to cultivate and exercise a stronger national feeling, a stronger regard for his public rulers, and a better habit of obeying orders, than most others, A soldier on the land comes next, «.ii,6. In 1641 or very early, one of the first orders made at Southampton, L, L, before it joined Connecticut, was 901, a-^. that no man (under severe penalties) should give or lend • * ■ unto any Indian, guns, pistols, powder, shot, bullets, matches, swords or any other implements of war. No law against this abuse is found at New Haven, made so early. It may be that they believed the King's proclamation of 1631, before mentioned, was all sufficient. This law practically prevailed at Southold, 16. Their earliest records are gone. Those of Southampton, believed lost, have been happily recovered. Why were these eastern Long Island settlers so particular, or so anxious to prevent the Indians from having fire-arms ? This is very plain, so soon after the Pequot war, in which many Indians had been slain, many made slaves, others G.io,i!». dispersed, and their houses burnt. The seat of the T.1,40. Pequots had been at Groton, and on the Rivers Thames 42-j, &c. ^jj^ Mystic, near New London, which place at first was called Pequot. Most of the places had early Indian names. It was opposite the exposed northeastern point 1.8, — c. B. moore's address. 137 and islands of our town. Fisher's Island was nearest to it and the most exposed. Gull Island and Plumb Island were next west. Then our Orient. Sterling, now Green- port, was nearly opposite Saybrook. The Pequots were a.ss. numerous and warlike. They were believed to be jj^^jii,. " exceeding fierce, warlike and crafty." No violent and y. 7,300. hostile subjection of them was likely to be permanently peaceable. Many had escaped. Some had joined the Mohegans and Nianticks, also warlike. Such treatment as they received would make them revengeful. The Indian was taught from childhood to treat revenge 9a,part2. as a virtue, it being "after the manner of his race." The ^i*- Whites, both English and Dutch, became impressed with 84a, 241. this belief. Revenge was some times practised, but not psa.94. considered a virtue among Christians. It would certain- ly take much time to change the Pequots and to make Rom. n, v. 19. them act like Christians on this subject ; and the Narra- ' • " ' gansetts were found to be no better. It was not safe for the English settlers so near to them, to trust either tribe in their midst with fire-arms. The white settlers who arrived in this neighborhood in or before 1640, and remained here, and their successors whom it is our duty to notice, adopted such approved methods as had been tried and found successful in New England or elsewhere, without much dispute among themselves, or apparent need of having or enforcing laws against each other. This is in their favor. It shows that i^'tM. they were of the industrial class, as defined by Mr. Her- bert Spencer, and had some just notions of Christianity. They knew that violence and fraud produce no love, but often incite resentment and revenge. They knew that secret and sudden attacks by Indians would be dangerous to lonely settlers ; and desiring peace, they resolved first and fairly to pacify Indians, and to deal justly with them, and then to keep together and be on their guard, and to defend themselves, if attacked, while they " labored for peace and plenty." They took pains to have fire-arms for defence, to train their men as soldiers, and even to 138 \ southold's celebration. 958. carry their g-iins to church. And some of them, on selling land, took pains to prevent the purchasers from letting 11.81,350. or selling it to any but such as were approved by the neighborhood as " honest, peaceable and quiet." An w. 1, >. ancient order for this was referred to, in one of the old deeds. We can trace imperfectly, but yet beyond all fair dis- pute, the early connection of our town with New Haven and the four New England colonies. The only mystery about it, is that our place, like most others, had at the commencement an Indian name. The name was written bv the people at New Haven and called " Yennycok " or " Yennicott." Very few early records or notices respect- i54j^, 113. ing the name now appear. It was written in the earliest deed for a house by a white man here in 1640 " Yenna- i54><^, 15S. cok." Doubtless this came from the name of the early Sachem of Manhasset. The earhest date in which it has H.3o,yo. been found preserved at New Haven, is the 6th of 2d month (April), 1642, when John Tuttle, of Yennycok (meaning Southold), was appointed to be " constable to order the affairs of that plantation till some further course be taken for the settling a magistracie there." " Constable " was the title that Cromwell, soon after this was modestly willing to take instead of King. It had a better appreciation then than in later periods. The next year, on the 6th of 2d month (April), 1643, commis- sioners from New Haven were sent, with others, to Massa- chusetts to form a general combination of all the planta- tions in New England. Articles of confederation between four New England colonies (or plantations) were deemed prudent, amid threatening difficulties and disorders, and were agreed to, dated at New Haven, 19 May, 1643, and at Boston, 29th of 3d month (May), and 7th of 7th w. n,p. i-ii. month (Sept.), 1643. They were necessarily temporary, so far as our town was concerned. No permanent authority had been given for them. They required an oath of fealty ; but after dispute, the chiefs dispensed with any oath of allegiance to the King " for the present "; 11.3(1, sr. 11. :» 101. C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. 1 39 while some of them strained to make the articles per- petual or permanent, without him, and against him. At i'-**- New Haven, Yennycott was taxed £2 " to be forthwith raised and paid into the treasury, toward the charges about the combination." And Mr. Goodyear was desired to write to the inhabitants of " Yennycott," to show them the equity in rating all men impartially, etc. This request shows that it was not intended to confine the name " Yennycott " to Mr. Goodyear's purchase. It doubtless had been used before that date. Its various spellings include Yougco and Yengcoe ; and in the old manu- scripts, it would be sometimes difficult to tell one of these from the other. On 23d October, 1643, it was recited at New Haven h.3o. that " Stamford, Guilford and Yennicott" had " upon the same foundation and engagements entered into the com- bination.'' On 5th February, 1644, Thomas Stevenson "of Yen- i64, 4r. nicott," was named at New Haven, with some particulars. He was an early resident of our Southold. He had sold a boat at (or from) Virginia, which had been taken to h.so.sg. Boston and was not paid for. The earliest date found there for the name " Southold," was about seven years later, on 30th May, 1649. The B..w,4nti. record of that date is now missing at New Haven, but partly copied in Thompson's History of Long Island. It is recited repeatedly afterwards, that the like powers 97,37s. given to constables as magistrates of that date, were given to constables appointed afterwards. This would lead to the original entry being repeatedly read and examined by different persons, and doubtless until (like our own old record books) it was w^orn out, carried off or lost. For the first ten years, 1640 to 1650, there are a few items of history from our place calleci Yenchoc or Yenycot, beyond the building of about thirty houses and their prob- able occupancy. We may quote Barber and Howe's Historical Collections: "The Indian name of this town ,50, . 541;. is Yennecock." Gordon's well written Gazetteer of the 14° SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. imJiis' State, in 1836, gives the same name ; but he, like so many others, has his own way of spelling it — " Yeconnecock." The name is recognized in our oldest deed of a white man's dweUing house, dated 25th October, 1640, as " Yennacock." Undoubtedly they had what the Scotch earl called " the two most necessar}^ members for a new settlement, a minister and a smith." We must trace individuals for legal proofs ; and these early settlers rapidly changed, moving in every direction, but generally West. In which year, each house was built, or who came first, we cannot ^^^- tell. We have traced a large number of early residents and found where many came from — too many to weary you with. We cannot peruse their recorded histories without being deeply impressed with their industrious, patient and unconquerable steadiness, still marching west. Mr. Gladstone claims that the seeds of freedom were sown here by England. This it is not necessary to admit. But we do admit there were trained here two things combined, " the love of freedom and respect for law," favoring the maintenance of order, which (he says and we approve) are " elements of national excellence and national greatness." The period 1640 to 1650, was a very difficult one here, and a dangerous one in which to learn anything from England, about order or govern- ment. There the laws were broken, and disorder reigned. The controversies and struggles between King and Parlia- ment as ruling powers, resulting in a civil war, practically " destroyed both. The King, first abusing his powers and his parliaments and then drawing his sword against his subjects, was defeated, imprisoned, and publicly beheaded. The Parliament, weakened by divisions, collisions, expul- sions and retirements, the fruits of disunion, first lost its upper house, and afterwards (while attempting to act without a quorum) had the remnant of its " other house " turned out of doors. The army attempted to rule by its officers. Charles II. tried to oppose them in Ireland and in Scotland and at Worcester in England, but he was de- c. B. moore's address, 141 feated. Oliver Cromwell at length became Protector. You know the story. But do you remember ? This is the period, 1640 to 1650, during which, almost without records, here in the woods, where no known civilized man had Hved before, we are expected to speak historically of Southold at its very birth before it had a Christian name ! A close examination of all we find, certainly develops some items worthy of note. And it may be worth re- membering that seamen and soldiers, and all who took oaths of allegiance, were expected to be more faithful than others to their sovereign ; and from many passengers to this region, oaths were required. According to Dr. w. i^ 300. Watts, they were expected to be phu. v. s. " True to the solemn oaths they take, Though to their hurt, they swear." Pastor John Youngs, as we all agree, was our first minister. He was born about 1598 or 1600 — or as before written in 1602, we cannot be exact. His family arrived at Salem in the " Mary Ann " of Yarmouth, and about 14th August, 1637, he was received as an inhabitant and afterwards was granted land at Salem, if he would stay. But b.5,i«9. he remained there only about one season — a hard one for food. He had married Joan Lewington, at the Church of a.io.ys. St. Margaret, Suffolk, in England, on 25th July, 1622, and his second son, Thomas, was baptized there on ist May, 1625. Both followed him to Southold. This sufficiently identifies him. He may have preached there and at Hingham, in England, or at other places temporarily. They have not kept in England regular records of curates and lecturers or their services. Rectors and vicars had to buy their places, and happily have helped us to records required by English laws. Rev. Christopher Youngs was vicar of that church and held the Parish Rectory, called Reydon, near it, from 161 1 to 1626. The vicar's daughter Martha was baptized there on ist July, 161 3, apparently the youngest. She came to our Southold the wife of Thomas More and died here. The Rev. Christopher was 142 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. probably educated at Oxford and was graduated A. B. in 1563-4 and M. A. in 1566, licensed 4th July, incepted 8th July, elected chaplain of Windsor 6th March, 1567-8, in les.^*"*' ^he reign of Queen Elizabeth, while Matthew Parker of Norwich, near by, was Archbishop, who favored the mar- riage of priests. He had other children, including Mar- garet and Christopher, Jr., both older, and two were drowned. He doubtless can be further traced. The vicar had the appointment or approval of curate for the chapel at Southold, and is believed to have been over G-81. seventy at his decease. But he may have been a later character. Inscribed on a brass in the church, a memorial G. St. was preserved of him in these words ; " Here lyeth interred the body of Mr. Christopher Yonges who departed this Hfe the 14th day of June A°. Dni. 1626." "A good man full of faith was he, Here preacher of God's word, And many by his ministrie, Were added to the Lord. Acts II 24. 27 — " He was succeeded there as vicar by Rev. John Gold- smith in 1627. We have the notice that Rev. John 164. IS. Youngs was forbidden to sail from Great Yarmouth, the port of entry and departure for that region. This was H 28 294 dated 1637, but may have occurred earlier. And we have the names of passengers admitted to have come to Salem in the " Mary Ann " with Mr. Paine (part owner of the vessel) and his family. These did not include Mr. Paine's son Peter, who arrived in Salem before them and came to Southold, as did also Thomas More and his wife Martha. It was an easy escape for the pastor to sail from some other port, or for them all to wait and have the prohibi- tion revoked. One man, the last one who came on board, who sailed in the " Mary Ann," was the only one described " of Southold Suffolk Co.," a mariner or mercer. He was named William Cochrane, ge. twenty-eight. He had a wife Christen as. twenty -six, and two children. In 1638 he was at Hingham, Mass., and was admitted a freeman C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. 143 there. On 3d October, 1642, he sailed on his return to England. This appears by the manuscript diary of Rev. Peter Hobart of Hingham,the father of our second pastor. Many circumstances show that Rev. Peter Hobart was friendly to our first pastor. Mr. Cochrane perhaps came back. Henry Tuthill, one of our early settlers, coming from Norfolk County, England, went first to Hingham, m, 30. Mass., in 1637, with his wife Bridget. He had land there, which he sold in 1644, doubtless after coming here. His brother John came over to this country. He was probably the one named at Dover, N. H. (called t.3. Pascatawa) in .1638-9 with Captain Underbill, and may have been connected with William Touttle of New Haven, sometimes called his brother. This John Tut- TILL must rank as our earliest known civil officer, he being a magistrate in 1642. Others were recognized at New Haven as magistrates from 1653 to 1661. His brother Henry died, and his widow Bridget became the wife of William Wells, one of the magistrates. John, it seems, returned to England — as also several other persons of the same set. One was the Rev. Robert Peck, re- w. 10. ported from old Hingham, in England, who preached a ^^*' °°*'^' while at Hingham, Mass., and returned in 1641. He may nave been connected with the Pecks who remained here, at New Haven or elsewhere, and with John Peck, who afterwards married a daughter of Thomas Moore, Jun., and who agreed with the Goldsmith family of Southold. A little reflection enables us to comprehend how the story arose about so much preaching at Hingham. Rev. John Phillips, born in England about 1572, mar- e.5, leo. ried at Wrentham, Suffolk County, England, Elizabeth Ames; a sister of the Rev. William Ames, D.D., a noted ^'^■ Nonconformist and learned professor (at Franeker) and author in Latin. He (Mr. Phillips) in 1609 became rec- tor of Wrentham in England, about five miles from Sonthold. He was deprived and came to New England. He was a friend of our pastor, and had also a conditional 144 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. grant at Salem. In 1642 he returned and settled in his old rectory in England. 932. aio. Mr. Henry Whitfield was another Nonconformist clergy- man in England, who came to this country. He became the first minister at Guilford, in the New Haven jurisdic- tion, sixteen miles east of New Haven, on Long Island Sound. He remained several years in harmony with Rev. Mr. Davenport, and went back to England. These several returns to England are believed to have occurred without any charge made here against the returning clergymen ; though perhaps they favored an adhesion to some of the old Church-of-England forms and rules, as Y,7. did the Browns sent back by Endicott, or Mr. Bright, who stayed here only a short time. Christopher Youngs, the son of the Rev. Christopher, came out to this country, settled at Wenham, in Massa- chusetts (named perhaps from Wrentham, in England), and died there in 1647, leaving a will and a son, Christo- pher Junior, who came to our town and became an active man, and who lived and died here. We obtained copies G.i4,e6. of the will and inventory of this Christopher, the son of ^^ the vicar, and published them. He mentioned his two E. 1, 6. sisters, the wife of Joseph Youngs, and the wife of Thomas Moore, and commended his children to their care, and that of Mr. John Phillips above named. He designated his deceased wife as the daughter of Richard Elvin of Great Yarmouth. A year or two later, the Court in Massachusetts gave some directions based upon the resig- nation or refusal of Mr. Phillips as guardian. There is no doubt of the identity of these families. It has been conjectured that our pastor John, if a son of Rev. Chris topher, was probably by a prior wife, and not by his latest, named Margaret. The families of wives of clergy- men were not published very fully at that period. 1543^- Capt. Joseph Youngs who married the vicar's 43s! daughter Margaret, and died at our Southold in 1658 (she surviving him, see his inventory), was an active man E.5,j69. ^^ Salem and at Southold, commanding small vessels, and H. 28. 109. c. B. moore's address. 145 a witness at New Haven in 1654; master of the ship " Mary and Margaret," sailing from Southold for Barba does in 1656. He, of course, suffered amid so many difficulties. He had two sons baptized in England in his father-in-law's Church, Joseph on 23d January, 1633, and John on loth March, 1635, who both came over here, about ten years younger than the children of our pastor John. At Salem he had two houses which he sold after coming here. We would much like to read a better history of him. The vessel, upon which he brought pas- sengers across the ocean in 1635, was " The Love" (in Dutch, Liefte), and it has been strongly suspected that she was the one afterwards, in 1647, seized by Stuyvesant, ^**- who bore no affection for the name of Capt. Young, By tradition at Southold, Capt. Young and his followers lent their marine compasses to measure off the lots and farms; and there is some record of this on the line between Salem and Lynn, he advising them to measure the course between two churches to guard against the variation of the compass, and they construing it afterwards the wrong way. I have described these more fully and particularly because for my own sake I have taken pains to learn them and get proofs. William Salmon has been supposed the earliest " Smith." I think there were also others. The i^*^" early Vails were '' Smiths." Capt. John Underhill has an early and large mili- tary history already printed, but it requires careful criti- 98,353. cism that shall separate, as far as practicable, established truths from wild and fanciful or hostile stories. We should treat him as a regular soldier. He was so treated by his friends Lyon Gardiner, Daniel Patrick, John Mason, Nathaniel Turner and others. He had served as a soldier and officer in Holland and at Cadiz for England, and was employed by the Massachusetts Company, which favored him and petted him until it felt secure from Indians. He and his wife Helena were members of the first Boston Church. Their names appeared on the early 168. 154. lis. 1^7. 146 southold's celebration. church records. He visited England in 1634, and again in 1638, and returned. His account of Indian wars, writ- ten with some clerical aid, was published there. It is a rare and curious book, dated London, 1638, called " News from America," of warlike proceedings for " two years past, by John Underbill, commander in the wars there." It was probably the earliest account that many friends of the emigrants had to read. In 1639, Underbill was an H.30, 85. early freeman of New Haven, and for a year or two in 1634, he was a deputy there from Stamford, with Thurs- ton Raynor, afterwards of Southampton, L. I. His friend and companion, Capt. Nathaniel Turner, became a purchaser of " Rippowams " (a name which was changed for Stamford), and was the first military officer of New Haven. Underbill spoke of his small pay at Stamford and asked leave to take employ from the Dutch against Indians. It was neither granted nor forbidden. There was a Dutch journal officially sent to Holland from New York, which explains or confirms some transactions on Long Island embracing the years 1641 to 1646. The 105,413. patent for Newtown, L. I., called Mespath, can be read in Latin, and much of its history. Soon after Underbill's return from England, he, with a band of Englishmen, and probably some from Southold, assisted the Dutch against the warlike Indians, having a nominal general placed over him by the Dutch, who did not much direct him. Underbill (as if a Dutchman) was called in Holland D.i.ao. General Vanderhill. They were reported there very victorious. We can compare the Dutch and English accounts. It cannot be so easily credited that so many Indians as reported, were killed ; " although women and children were in the forts " (it was noted), " not one was heard to cry or scream." But the Indians were convinced of the superiority of fire-arms, and had not learnt how to use them in battle with effect, and were subdued and scattered. They escaped in the dark. Underbill was again a hero. Yet we do not adopt all the opinions H.30, 116. 1S7. C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. 147 expressed about him. Those of Drake in his history of i.s.es. Indians were better than some others, but uncertain. The family of Terry was an early one and furnished office-holders repeatedly. There were four original and early settlers on Long Island. John Terry, a witness to Salmon's deed in 1645, Thomas Terry, who signed the 0.10,73. agreement with Capt. Howe in 1640, and Richard Terry g-i2, is'-i. fixed themselves at Southold ; and two of them at least i5i]i. left families. Little public notice has been taken of Robert Terry, who came from England with them and became an early settler of Long Island, witnessed an Indian deed in 1640, was a patentee of Flushing, L. I., in g.io. 74. 1666 and was living there in 1670. Turning to our Long Island History to learn some- thing more about Flushing, you will be met with the story that " the ancient records," of that town, " are entirely 98, 67. wanting in consequence of their destruction by fire," giving the date of the fire as in 1789 — perhaps too late. If you look further for proofs, you may find that in a Dutch patent for Flushing in 1645, before the truce-line, the first person mentioned was Thomas Farrington, probably son of Edmund of Lynn, and the one killed by Indians ; and there are others named Farrington, be- sides later and other familiar names from Lynn, includ- ing William Thorne of Lynn and John Townsend. But g. 19, 153. these cannot now be pursued. Perhaps enough has been said to convince you that the west end of the island had difficulties like ours and probably greater ; and these should be taken into view. There were several places where the Dutch officers exerted themselves to crowd the English off, after the latter had commenced improve- ments, two of which are referred to in deeds at South- ampton. In one, the English had crossed the Sound " in row boats." In another they had arrived in Capt. Howe's vessel. It is a very loose criticism to assume that those were all, or that there was but one, and then to draw inferences from the different descriptions, as if they contradicted each other. 148 southold's celebration. 93 &** ^^^ evidence is strong that the Dutch Governor, in 1649, had entered into the business of importing fire- arms for distribution, which were getting into the hands of Indians. And the death of Governor Winthrop of Massachusetts, in April,- 1649, reported here, and about the same time, the death of King Charles L, became facts of importance here. Lieut. Budd was the first authorized military officer to train the home guard at Southold. He was early at New Haven and at Southampton, and must have been well known by Capt. Underbill, whose opinion of his 901.33. military skill would naturally be taken at New Haven, where Mr. Budd does not appear to have been favored. Rather curiously in October, 1644, he was called in the Southampton records " John Budd of Yeanocock." He was active, and appeared afterwards on Long Island at Setauket and Huntington, and later in Westchester County. He went to England and returned to Southold about 1648. In 165 1 a note in his favor was recorded at H.30,95.' Boston; and he was again absent in England in 1654 — it seems, to take care of property. Charles Glover, the old shipwright, was described as acting for him in his absence. He was back at Southold in 1655, and was sent as one of the delegates to New Haven in 1657. He resigned as Lieutenant in 1660, and Charles Glover then H. 31, 360. became officially chief officer — Lieutenant. Barnabas Winds, a deputy at New Haven, was ensign, and claimed that the duty of watching at different places was severe. He was allowed substitutes to relieve him. On the whole, after gathering traditions, it is believed Charles Glover, the shipwright, from the outset and all through this, was, after his arrival, the chief active commander. He and the other shipwrights had first to build houses. His house and shipyard were at the southeast corner of the town plot, fronting the landing place on the creek, adjoining in the rear my ancestors' front north on the main street, and having the gathered timber and the places for sawing and working it (all by hand, having no 154H. 55. c, B. moore's address. ■ 149 saw mill) east of his house on lower ground and under his eye. He had to watch the workmen, who were required to be armed and to have their arms at hand, and he had the proper position to see any one approaching ^^^' g-^ from the south or east by water, with land high enough near him to oversee north and east as far as cleared, including the "general field." The public record of i«4.i55. the place can be read in 1673. New Haven early made and enforced rules for its own guarded village, and doubtless recommended equal care, but it seems left Yenycot, 60 miles distant and on the opposite side of the Sound, to make and enforce its own rules for protection and defence. The inhabitants in 1673 (to use their own words), " lying open to the incursion of those who threaten i64, 151. us daily with the spoiling of our goods if we take any oath of fidelity," (that is to others), refused submission to either of the fighting parties unless they performed the articles first promised and established, " a firm and peace- able government," protecting them. The conveyance of Shelter Island by Mr. Goodyere, dated 9 June, 165 1, was about ten years after the con- veyance by Farrett in 1641 to him, during which ten years we must treat Mr. Goodyere, the Deputy Governor of New Haven, as chief. He of course favored the name of Yenycott, and the certificate given to the peaceable Sachem of Manhansett in 1644; and he, it seems, was interested in a voyage to Barbadoes in or before 1653, and had business transactions with Capt. Joseph Youngs, n. 5, 303. who went on a voyage to Barbadoes in 1656, and who lived until 1658 — see his inventory. The Youngs family perhaps tolerated the name of " Yennicott," but never favored it. Of course the family favored the name of Southold, their old home in England. Mr. Goodyere's R^26. conveyance of Shelter Island dated 9 June, 165 1, was made to Capt. Thomas Middleton, Thomas Rouse, Con- stant Sylvester and (Capt.) Nathaniel Sylvester. The two latter were known to be prominent at Barbadoes, Constant being a member of the Governor's council and 150 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. remaining there, and Nathaniel coming to Shelter Island. T. Rouse came from the neighborhood of Southwold in England — the modern peerage family. In 1656 the lat- 105! ^^^ released one quarter of Shelter Island to T. Mid- dleton for John Booth ; and about 1656 there was an agreement between John Booth and N. .Sylvester recit- ing some particulars perhaps not accurately recorded at East Hampton. Indians transferred their claims of title to N. Sylvester and John Booth, who took pains to have formal possession. The Indians then removed West. The ownership by Mr. Goodyere of the 150 acres near Sterling, noAv Greenport, which was obtained from Fer- rett by Richard Jackson, carpenter, in August, 1640, was i54>^. 11a. acknowledged in 1649 in the deed from Wm. Salmon, the smith, to Thomas Benedict. They were laid out, front- ing south along the Manhasset River, extending west to Pipe Stave Neck (or Pipes Neck) and east to modern Fannings' Point, near Greenport. Pipe staves were an early article of commerce. Thomas Revell of Barbadoes, doubtless connected with John Revell of the Massachu- Y.7. setts Company, dealt largely in them. On 2d June, 1653, Mr. Goodyere sold and conveyed the 150 acres to John Ketcham, who took and held the possession for some thirteen years, and who then removed to Setauket, and afterwards to Huntington, L. I. Mr. Ketcham was an active man from Ipswich, Mass., in 1648, 108.89. and he lived until 1697, and left a large and noted family^ In 1666 Mr. Ketcham at Setauket, conveyed the 150 acres to my ancestor T. More, and some of the acres have been held by members of the family ever since. Some that were parted with, have been repurchased. Mr. Goodyere, it was claimed, had a bill of sale from Robert Carmand (probably Hammond) of another island, formerly called Roberts Island, but later Robbins Island, which was reported purchased of " lyonnancam, Sachem of Pam- manach." ij 2c. Mr. Goodyere died in 1658, leaving an entangled 97: N. 31, 199. estate. A surviving daughter married another adven- c. B. moore's address. . 151 turous man, Capt. Thomas Lake, of Boston. His second wife and widow are described at New Haven and can be N.5.347. H. 31, SO.l. traced. H.3i,4ir Mr. Benedict married one of the passengers of the " Mary Ann," who came with Mr. Paine, and was one of the witnesses to his will. Robert Turner (not Cannon) one of the witnesses to Farrett's papers, can be traced from Boston. Rev. Mr. Hooker and his followers proposing to remove from Massachusetts, encountered opposition at Boston, but got the vote of a majority of representatives in favor of their plan — Gov. Winthrop, Messrs. Dudley and others of the Magistrates opposing it. They then proceeded overland to Hartford, Windsor and Wethers- field, on the Connecticut River, and started the new col- ony of Connecticut up there, above the Pequots. The Southampton people joined their organization, by articles 267,55. dated 30th May, 1644, excepting those who before that date had fixed upon Brandford and moving there had joined the earlier New Haven organization under Messrs. Davenport and Eaton. Perhaps their early historian 267. go. mistook the date for Southold, because he did not then know that Yennicott was its early name. The threatenings from Dutch and Indians, and from civil war in England, of course created sharp divisions here. It is not deemed wise nor necessary to stir up the slumbering embers of dissension. Only the occurrences need to be stated. The error practised in England, of suppressing anything favorable to an oppo- nent and exaggerating anything unfavorable, is not to be followed. It is a practice in war, followed perhaps in politics. We have some early pieces of evidence worthy of special notice. " Youghcoe the Sachem of Manhansutt" (meaning Shelter Island, or the river north of it, and sheltered by it) presented himself before the Commis- 629,1 g. sioners ot the United Colonies at Hartford on 6th Sept., ^' 3«-'5- 1644, and " desired that in regard he was a tributary IS2 • southold's celebration. of the English, and had hitherto observed the articles of agreement, he might receive from them a certificate." Thereupon a formal certificate was given him, reciting that " Whereas Long Island with the smaller islands ad- jacent are granted by the Kings Majestic of Great Britain to the Lord Starling, and by him passed over to some of the English in these United Colonies ; and the Indians in the east part of Long Island are become tributaries to the English, and have engaged their lands to them ; and whereas Youghcoe, Wiantanse, Mough Martow and Weenahaminin do profess themselves friends both to the English and the Dutch, and promise to continue in a peaceable and inoffensive course," etc. " Therefore the said Sagamores and their companies may enjoy full peace," etc. This was set forth at length on the minutes of the United Colonies. It seems as fair testimony as we could hope to present. It embraces several important points, and will bear reading over 154J6. and over. Youghcoe, Sachem of Manhansutt, of course, was the same as our Yenchoc, Yenycot, Yokee or 1. 8, 63. Unchenchie. The second of these Sagamores was doubtless the same as "Weandance," called in 1642 an enemy of Miantomino, and aiding the destruction of the Pequots ; in 1657 called R.X2. by Richard WoodhuU ''the Mentauke Sachem;" in 1658 '3 called by Lion Gardiner Sachem of Pawmanack ; in 14- 1659 giving a deed to John Ogden as Sachem of 901, 190. Pamanack, on Long Island ; by some others spelt ire!' " Wyandance," and signed Wiandansh, and later " Wyan- R.26, isG.i dance. Sagamore of Long Island." Southampton and East Hampton, we believe, claim title from him in part. Except mistaken dates, the accounts reported by or respecting Lion Gardiner can now be relied on as cor- G.87. 17.J rect. He tested Wyandank's faithfulness and reported him next brother to the old Sachem of Long Island, whom as his senior and superior he would not oppose. Wyan- dank said : " I will go to my brother, for he is the great Sachem of Long Island, and if we may have peace and C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. 1 53 trade with you, we will give you tribute as we did the Pequits," etc. The other two Sagamores (with hard names), we think, afterwards went farther west on Long Island. The second one may be the same as the one styled " Mom- wetoun, Sachem of Carchake," in the copy of the agree- ment for Easthampton, presented us in the first book of records of Southampton ; but we have too little know- ledge of the skill or care of persons responsible for that copy to deem it authoritative. It does not quite agree ^\^q^_ with others. Southold in its early charter in 1676, marked 164,204. the line of division with Southampton. It is not needed that we should now follow the Indian names or the Indian wars or titles. An extra meeting of the Commissioners for the United Colonies, was held at Boston on 22d of July, 1649, at which " the mischievous trade of selling arms to the In- dians was considered, it being more than probable that the Dutch had been long acquainted with the secrets of 4a.- that trade." Govert Lockermans, a Dutch merchant of New York, who was favored by the government, and who became wealthy, was deemed deeply interested in it. Of his guilt several evidences, both of English and Indians g.st. of Long Island, were read. A late murder by Indians **'*" in Southampton was reported. The people alarmed had stood upon their defence, in armed array, for several days. All trading with Indians by Dutchmen or French- men within the four colonies, was prohibited. The period from 1650 to 1660, embraced that of Oliver Cromwell as chief ruler, and was not less difficult for Southold. He was willing to have peace with the Dutch here, invited the English to go south, and proposed to carry the war south against Spain, as he did in 1655. In this war, it is probable he desired naval aid from the Dutch, or at least wished to avoid their opposition, since they were known to be strong at sea. He first had severe struggles in Ireland ; whence he soon went with addi tional force to Scotland, finding Charles II. and many 154 southold's celebration. 628. 172. royalists against him. The battle of Dunbar occurred in Sept., 1650, disastrous to the Scotch. Cromwell, sus- tained by many Englishmen spent the Winter in Scotland, determined to subdue it. The occurrences abroad had great effect here. The treaty negotiated at Hartford by the Dutch Governor Stuyvesant for a fixed boundary line between English and Dutch, deserves particular notice. The agreement was dated 19th September, 1650, and the first article was that " on^ Long Island a line drawn from the westernmost part of Oyster Bay [so. 84a, 153.1 for south], and in a direct and strait course [or line] to the sea, shall be the boundary between the Dutch and English [there] on Long Island, the easternmost part for [to belong to] the English, and the western part for the Dutch," etc. This being assented to, by persons locally in power, involved the idea of a truce or cessation of arms on that established line until notice to the contrary. That idea 84a, 1. -.3. was expressed in the agreement. Two other articles were added, extending the line north on the other side of the sound, on the main, " to begin at the west side of Greenwich Bay about four miles from Stamford," etc. n.i,t5f». The treaty signed at Hartford in three articles, was 47";' sent to England and thence to Holland, to be approved or rejected by the acting sovereigns, and was tem- porarily postponed by both. But it was at once acted upon here. Some Englishmen west of the established line moved east ; while many from our town moved west ir,[k.,-2is. towards the new boundary line. William Johnson, who had married a daughter of the first Henry Tuthill, and Bridget his wife (afterwards wife of William Wells), got land on Hog Island, subsequently called Center Island, in front of Oyster Bay. Thomas Young, the second son of im our pastor, got land on the Neck between Oyster Bay and Coldspring Harbor, and, at a later day, resided there. Captain Underbill and many from Southold went to the modern towns of Brookhaven, Huntington and Oyster Bay, moving west. 301. C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. 1 55 England had its commerce very much interrupted and injured by the civil war. Many persons were slain, many wounded, many driven from home and im- poverished, and many offended and revengeful. Armies are not producers, but great consumers, and terribly destructive. The whole of Great Britain had been c 33. 113. harassed by contending factions, industry discouraged or broken up, and some manufactories ruined. Holland flourished by having much ot the commerce and some of the manufactories that England lost. And she seized such places as New York and Long Island, claimed by the English, which the disunited English could not at that period defend or protect, except by their local forces, but which they had never designed to give up. Van Der Donk could perceive the justice and policy and propriety of agreeing promptly to fair terms, while it seems that Tienhoven and Stuy vesant and some others of their supe- riors could not. The last severe battle of Cromwell, after Ireland and Scotland were mastered by him, was at Worcester on the 3d September, 165 1. It was final. Charles II. escaped, and left the country ; and his armies not destroyed were dispersed. General Monk, supporting Cromwell, was left in Scotland in charge of a considerable force, with which he captured Dundee. Cromwell attempted to pacify England. The famous navigation act came from him and his supporters two months later, in November, 165 1, requiring all commerce with English colonies to be in English vessels. This was probably aimed especially at the Dutch. It was deemed fair to appoint a time for it to take effect and to give them notice. So on 11-21 February, 165 1-2, about six months after the great battle of Worcester, the articles of the proposed treaty — adopting for a permanent division of Long Island, the boundary already in force as a truce-line — having been submitted to an English council of State, were not ap- proved, but all rejected, and the reason was given, " not knowing of any plantations of the Netherlands there, a.58,'J94 156 southold's celebration. save a small number upon Hudsons River." A certificate stating- this, dated as above, was signed " P. Lisle, Presi- dent," and sent to Holland. The subscriber, doubtless, was Philip Sydney, Lord Lisle, afterwards third Earl of Leicester. His father, the second Earl, then living, was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1641, when the insurrec- tion broke out there. This son, with the famous name, after that furious revolt, had been much in power as a military chief in Ireland, and was a friend and patron of General Monk, then serving Cromwell. In 1657, he stood, pn a grand occasion, among the " dignitaries of the high- est quality, with drawn swords," supporting Cromwell. c. 34. 304. His brother Henry was a colonel. Before this rejection of the treaty, preparations for hos- tilities had been made in England, which were noticed by D.i. the merchants in Holland. " The parliament of England" (so wrote the merchants) " proposed to prohibit the trade to islands where they or their nation had any colonies, and particularly to the Virginias [meaning to include this country, by them called North Virginia], on pain of for- feiture of ship and goods, and of being treated as ene- mies." By formal notice, the Dutch merchants were allowed from the 3d October, 1651, until the 20th March, 165 1-2, to retire {i. e. five winter months), "after which day, their ships found returning thence, or trad- ing anywhere else, at or near those places, were declared good prizes." The merchants, informed of this, led by Gabri, thereupon rallied, declaring this period so short it was impossible to obey it ; and they called the attention of their rulers to the English ships of war, then gather- ing under Blake as chief, preparing to enforce (what they called) the proclamation. This meant war. The Dutch, so construing it, and getting funds from the merchants, made haste to prepare for war; but on the water, where they had ruled for some years, they now mistook their strength against Cromwell's Ironsides. The Eng- lish navy had been carried by its high officers into the service or support of Cromwell, having been paid by c. B. moore's address. 157 the parliament, and an officer on land became one in their navy. On the 14th May, 1652, "the first blood was drawn in this quarrel by Commodore Young's firing upon a Dutch man-of-war for the captain's refusing him the c. 33.68. honor of the flag — which, of course, he did by order ; but he took no prize. In July, 1652, war previously planned, was found progressing at sea, though not pro- ^ ^ ^^.^ claimed here, between England and Holland." Carlyle 483- speaks of it as declared on the 9th July, 1652: "Dutch 4S7. war; cannonade and fierce sea fight in the narrow seas, c. 34, 191.' and soldiers taught to fight on ship-board." The New York Governor (Stuyvesant) on 20th July, was instructed to take good care and keep a watch- ful eye " in the present rupture between this State and England, that no person be employed, either in the political government or militia in that country, except those whose fidelity and affection to this State can be fully relied on" — of course, no Englishmen. The instruc- tions were captured by the English and delayed ; but a duplicate, with further orders, was sent in September, and arrived in December. sir The New York Governor, it seems, kept these orders secret, but obeyed them and acted sharply. He imprisoned or expelled Englishmen, made them hasten east of the agreed truce-line on Long Island, and treated their land west of it as captured and confiscated, granting some of it hastily to Baron Werkhoven and others. It does not appear that he spoke of any war as raging, or even of "the present rupture." The naval struggle abroad be- tween England and Holland, or naval war, if it be called such, in 1652, was indecisive, although there were many severe contests. There were no regular communications here at South- old or on Long Island ; yet some persons were probably as well informed as any in New Amsterdam, where the people were entertained by improved plans of local government. Evelyn, returning home from Paris, where he had long iS8 southold's celebration. resided with his father-in-law, Sir Richard Brown, men- tions in his diary on 5th April, 1652, " Cromwell's act E.82,3iji. of oblivion to all that would submit" — not noticed by other writers. On 4th June, 1652, Evelyn, on going to meet his wife at Rye in England, found unexpect- edly an embargo " on occasion of the late conflict with the Holland fleet, the two nations being now in war." The civil war being at an end, temporarily, we must notice this Dutch war. The lives of several actors may be read, although not strictly authoritative. Their his- tory is not so dim as ours, which can be neither re- ceived nor kept nor published with full confidence ; but we are not to expect any two writers will agree. The war, once started on the narrow seas, between England and Holland, could not be confined to the c.33,72. coasts of either place, but as the English naval his- torian says, " spread itself into almost every sea, and every wind brought the news of fresh destruction and slaughter." ^q' The Dutch had many vessels under their flag all over the navigable world. Commodore Appleton, com- manding six English ships, had to strike his flag in the straits. The whole of Long Island was in controversy. No doubt the English people at the east were greatly agitated in their unsafe places. New Haven gives us H.31,1. little or no light in 1650, 1651 and 1652. Records were written but not well preserved. That "jurisdiction," as it was termed, formed and was forming a separate gather- ing of Englishmen for New England southwest of others, and nearer to the Dutch ; contemplating both an avoid- ance of the civil war and harmony with the Dutch, but intent upon securing as much territory as they could, either without or with the Dutch ; preferring the English title, and desiring to help the Scotch Earl and themselves to all that could be secured of Long Island ; yet, now in much peril, and not very strong nor very brave. The Dutch Governor, at first, after the accepted line, invited Englishmen west of it to take title and act under him ; C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. 1 59 and some went. Our areneral view of the situation has o.io. 5. already been published. h.si. John Moore, of Southampton, we suppose, followed Captain Topping- to Hempstead, L. I., and became town clerk. His well written letter, dated Hempstead, L. I., 25th September, 165 1, against the sale of arms to Indians, i>.2, ish. has been published repeatedly, and is worthy of repeated en, 93. perusal. He and Richard Mills, from Southampton afterwards appeared at Newtown, L. I., and he must have known Van Der Donk. They did not succeed in stopping the sale of fire-arms to Indians by the Dutch, which sale to barbarians, after brutal conduct towards them, it is thought, was a fatal course of the Dutch ; while " some of Southold," to its credit, insisted upon stopp'ing the use of fire-arms by Indians among them. They could rely upon the same principle in pro tection of their homesteads on land, as the nations did in protection of their shores from the guns of strangers. The most noted movement of this period was that of the Sachem of Manhasset, Yengcoe or Yennicott, with his followers from Shelter Island. They had engaged their land to the English, had promised to be peaceful to the Dutch and English, and had used the certificate be- fore mentioned as a public treaty of peace; and now having received their pay, they delivered actual posses- sion of their land, and marched off to the Dutch territory west of the fixed division line. The date is given as 23d March, 1652, and a formal paper certified that full pos- session of Shelter Island was given unto Captain Nathaniel Silvester and Ensign John Booth, after which ^g^^^ ^^^ Yokee with all his Indians did freely and willingly de- part. This was witnessed in form by John Herbert of Southold, Captain Robert Seely of New Haven and Huntington, L. I., Daniel Lane of New London, after- wards Seetauket, and by Giles Sylvester of the Shelter Island family. These purchasers, Sylvester and Booth, appear to have been more decided supporters of King Charles II., than most others residing here. That the i6o southold's celebration. title of the Scotch Earl would be recognized and en- forced by the King, they did not doubt. They had inter- ests in Barbadoes, which place had probably been very neutral under the government of Francis, fifth Baron C.26. Willoughby of Parham, for the king, until about Decem- ber, 1 65 1, three months after the battle of Worcester, c.33,66. when Governor Willoughby surrendered, upon easy terms, to Admiral Sir George Ascue, under Cromwell. The latter, by report, took fourteen sail of Dutch ships that were trading there, embracing several from New York not identified here. We have not much from the Sachem of Manhasset, but perhaps enough to explain his conduct. We can see that if he was at war with Montauk Indians, who used 901,159. fire-arms, and if he was prevented from using them, he must leave. About sixteen years after his removal from Shelter Island, Pocatone or Pawcatone, one of the oldest chiefs of the Montauk tribe, called Shinecocks, affirmed " that in his time there was a war between the Southold Indians and the Shinecock Indians, and that Yeanocock Indians were conquered and fled to several parts of the maine, and that after a certain time Yeano- cock Indians returned againe, and Shinecock Indians said that they had been old friends, and that they might set down and plant there again on the other side of Peaconnet, and so they did." There was probably some truth in this, but perhaps no severe war, and proba- bly they did not know where the Yeanococks went. The Montauk chiefs may have been, as they seem, a little too ready to domineer. This one must have been the same Ki2,3. as Wiacombone, son of Wyandance. Our town records do not clear them of this disposition to talk large and sell land as theirs, but students can read and judge for themselves. We think that Captain John Youngs was, and was treated as, the friend of the Yennicotts, and that the Dutch people encouraged the change, and the Indians expected Captain Youngs and Captain Underbill to defend them. c. B. moore's address. i6i Captain Underbill was at New York in April, 1653, at d. 1.55s. Mr. Allerton's house, with George Woolsey and the lat- 629, '^46. ter's wife, and with Henry Ackerly of Stamford and Hutchinson a ship carpenter living at Henry Brasier's, all Englishmen of New York City. They understood what was going on, having had a better opportunity than many 84a, 'izs. others. Soon after Captain Underbill obtaining informa- tion, and seeing that Governor Stuyvesant was waging war against the EngHsb, ralHed his followers on Long Island, and having hoisted the Parbament's colors, in a bold declaration dated 20th May, 1653, abjured "the ini- quitous government " of Stuyvesant. It was a violation of right to prosecute the war against residents and neighbors while pretending peace. We need not repeat his proclamation, but may note that he claimed the Dutch Governor's tyranny " too grievous for any brave English- man and good Christian any longer to tolerate ;" adding, " in addition to all this, the Dutch have proclaimed war against every Englishman !" Captain Youngs of Southold, son of our pastor, visit- g.i6,62. ing New York or Brooklyn shortly before this in a vessel in which John Herbert and Thomas Moore were proba- bly interested, was captured with the vessel by Dutch officers and imprisoned on board a Dutch ship in the harbor called the " King Solomon." His leathern bag or valise was seized and officially examined and his money taken out but perhaps restored. He had friends enough to send word to Southold. His father wrote, and the owners of the vessel went themselves to New Haven for relief and redress, and were baffled. Tired of waiting for it, or hopeless of success, and finding friends at New York or on the West end of Long Island, he escaped, and his vessel also escaped. He was accused of no crime, and could not legally be held, if there was peace. Persons detaining him or his vessel might afterwards be obliged to pay damages. His friends Allerton and others were willing to be his bail ; so he returned to his captors on 13th April, soon after his escape, gave bail, and was g. 15, 62. i62 southold's celebration. released. The Dutch bark " Prince of Conde," was cap- tured — perhaps by Baxter, who also abandoned the ser- vice of the Dutch ; but it was afterwards obtained and in 1655, surrendered by Thomas Moore. The written G. 15, 57. details as preserved, were gathered, showing the action of ^^' the first Thomas More of Southold and of the first John Herbert, and of the pastor John Youngs as well as of his son, together with particulars concerning the captain and the vessel and crew. Captain Underhill's first wife, a native of Holland, had lived west near the Dutch, while her husband was employed by the latter, but probably at this period moved to Southold. It may be noticed that Capt. Underbill promptly turned against the Dutch, when they turned against the English on Long Island, as they were advised to do by Secretary Tienhoven in Holland. Underbill was a professional soldier and one of courage and skill, like Dugald Dal- getty of Drumthwacket (Scott's Montrose), or like Bryan G.7,9s. Newton of New York. He expected to be paid for mili- tary service. In travelling so much, he necessarily became acquainted with the public men, the masters of vessels, the merchants, or such as the Youngs, Glovers and Moores of Southold, and the first and second John Budds, John Herberts, John Thomases and John Conk- lins, as well as with Allerton, Woolsey, Newton and Hutchinson at New York. Underbill had a desirable lot and a house built on it in our village before 1658 — the exact date unknown. He wrote a letter from Southold to Mr. Winthrop on 12th April, 1656. Three years ear- lier, in 1653, he made a deposition before our magistrate, 164.51. Mr. Wells ; and probably he was residing here before that. Our town record alone reported the death of his first wife in 1658. Born in Holland, she naturally preferred to live near her native friends; but her husband taking sides against them, she followed him and made no complaints against him. He praised her for persuading him to wear his old iron helmet against the Indians, and thus practi- cally preserving his life. I need not say so much, yet 154!iJ, 464. c. B. moore's address. 163 " history is but aggregate biography," and I may caution readers, not merely against historical exaggerations by an excited writer, but against bad habits brought from Eng- lish villages of spreading disparaging stories against com- petitors or opponents behind their backs, calling them Quakers and Baptists, or anything deemed disreputable or injurious to their moral or religious characters, illegally disarming them or banishing them and then abusing them and allowing no hearing in their defence before in- dependent and impartial men. Underbill was not the only sufferer by this. The next year, after his wife's deceasci on the ist April, 1659, he conveyed his house and land at Southold to Thomas More of Southold ; and the Senior T. More afterwards, in 1662, conveyed the property to his son Thomas, Junior. Neither from them, nor their i54i^. isa. descendants — of whom I am one — have I ever heard a 0.16.57.: word in disparagement of Underbill. This, I think it a 98.353. duty to say. He married again, and his second wife was ^^^' a connection of the Winthrop family. He left child- g. 11,30. ren by each wife ; and his descendants are numerous. I o.M.ya. have seen quite a number of them. One of his daugh- ters having been slandered, he was able to procure redress and a public apology. A large pedigree, with some history for Westchester County, not entirely accu- s.'n.' rate, has been published. Whittier writes : " He coveted not his neighbor's land, From the holding of bribes he shook his hand, And through the camps of the heathen ran A wholesome fear of the valiant man. Frailest and bravest, the Bay State still Counts with her worthies, John Underhill." So indeed she may ; but would it not be better to dis- credit the supposed frailty, which though denied was nevertheless punished — the debt due him being withheld, but at once paid when the charge was pretended to have been admitted? It certainly formed no defence to his claim, and was irrelevant, if true. He could afford to defy it as a slander. Who were Underbill's soldiers? I 164 southold's celebration. Thomas Stevenson was one ; and he can be traced. He 154,38. had been in Virginia, and he came to Southold. In 1644 G.6, 36. he was at Stamford, and in 1655, at Newtown, L. I. He G. 13, 1 IS. : left his property in charge of Thomas Moore, of Southold, and obtained some of Van Der Donk's land at Newtown* The remonstrance made by Dutch subjects and urged by English neighbors against the Dutch rulers, before taking arms, claimed that the Governor (Stuy vesant) had employed the Indians (including Ninigret), or had excited them, and supplied them with fire-arms which could be used against white men. These being prohibited at the east end of Long Island, when seen in the hands of Indians, were taken from them (though probably not from the peaceful Jndians) by "some of Southold" not named. The Governor denied that he had furnished them. H.31. 16. The English offered to prove that the Dutch had supplied them with arms, but required an agreement that the wit- G.7. 104. nesses should not be disturbed for giving their testimony. This was declined. Such courses were pursued as prac- tically expelled the English from among them. Newtown, L. I., had begun to be settled by Englishmen and to be cultivated in 1642, and had made some pro- 103. gress up to 1652, but was nearly abandoned in 1653. The general course of the English was to retire from the city and from the Dutch region west of the truce-line, and to build forts in selected place? east of that line. The Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam (New York City) had his favored place walled in near modern Wall Street. His subjects were all compelled to work in building the wall and were drawn (or driven by Indians) inside the walls, or under cover. But without Bryan Newton or John Underbill, or their countrymen, whom, as English- men, he, by his orders, could not use, he did not ven- ture out with his disabled leg, nor send out to lead the Dutch against the Indians. According to report, he entered the boarding-house of Van Der Donk, in the A. 32. 183. city, just outside of the wall, and carried off his journal and papers. Forts were built by the English at Hunt- c. B. moore's address. 165 ington, L. I., at Setauket, on Crane Neck, and at other places — probably also at Cutchogue, west of Southold village ; or, if one already existed there, held by friendly Indians, it 'was now occupied and strengthened by the Whites. This is a fair question for antiquarians to exam- ine and discuss. Cn the 24th of May, 1653, Rhode Island issued its wa.aaa. certificate of the employment of Captains Underhill and Dyre against the Dutch. On 25th May, 1653, when the Dutch war abroad was near its crisis, a court for the jurisdiction of New Haven was held immediately after the annual election. Mr. Goodyere, Deputy Governor, was in the chair. He had sold his interest in Shelter Island and Greenport. Three magistrates and ten deputies were reported pres- ent, but none from Southold. It was ordered that twelve horses be kept in the five towns on the " maine," four at New Haven and two each at Milford, Guilford, Stam- ford and Brandford, with sufficient furniture for travel, to be always in readiness as the public occasions of the country might require. And the court, considering how useful horses may be for service in war, ordered that no horses be sold or sent out of that juris- diction without license ; and, " seeing by experience that in these troublesome times, sundrie occasions come sud. denly in, which require the attendance of some which may act in them as they shall conceive best for the public good and safety, the court did appoint six members as a committee, to whom they give as full power to act in any sudden business, as if all were present and acted in it." This shows some alarm, but little preparation except to send for help, though not much that would be ol service to Southold. On 29 June, 1653, a " General Court " (whose minutes H.31.2. are preserved) for the jurisdiction, was held at New Haven, composed of seventeen persons, viz., the Gover- nor (Eaton) ; the Deputy Governor (Goodyere) ; one Magistrate each for New Haven, Milford and Guilford; i66 southold's celebration. and two deputies each for six towns, New Haven, Mil- ford, Guilford, Stamford, Southold and Branford. Do., 16. The Governor had been to the Connecticut Colony (at Hartford), and was there informed by some Indians, as he said, that " some of Southold had taken away their guns." On inquiry this was found to be so. One of the deputies from Southold (Mr. Wells) attempted to defend the course pursued — we are not sure that he knew the facts or made the best defence. The court • ordered the guns to be restored to the Indians, " that no public quarrel might be begun with the Indians by them, upon any such account." This was a timid refusal to support the people of Southold upon a vital point, when war, in fact, was raging with the Dutch, and practically it was an abandonment of them to the Indians. Of course it did not please the exposed people of Southold. The lawgivers at New Haven apparently had not heard of the declara- tion or recognition of war with the Dutch, if made in 1652. By our notes it was not made known at New Haven until 1653. Soon after this Court, they had orders from England to treat the Dutch as enemies, but professed that they were bound by the combination, and could not do so without Massachusetts, etc. But Southold probably knew more about it than they did. The grand naval contests between English and Dutch occurred abroad, on the 3d and 4th of June, 1653, and in July, 1653, until the 31st. The Dutch Admiral, Van c.33.68, &c.: Tromp, and thousands of his men were killed. About twenty-six Dutch ships were lost and others scattered. This was a terrible defeat for the Dutch, who had only formally declared or recognized war on 8th July, 1653, hoping then to triumph, and who had fought bravely. What would have been the result of success on their part, who can estimate ? We need not guess. Official news did not arrive soon. The new remon- strance to Gov. Stuyvesant in Dec, 1653, may be studied. It was long before the people of Southold could learn the D. 1,551. particlars — perhaps not until my day. His country- c. B. moore's address. 167 men in Holland or in New York could stand a war with the English no longer. We need not be nice about ^ g.isa.i details. On 9th March, 1652, the English on the west end of Long Island, following the proclamation of Underbill, and proving themselves the strongest, publicly claimed and assumed the laws of their nation and its de facto gov- ernment, and entirely repudiated the Dutch ; while nego- tiations for peace were meanwhile pursued in London. Peace was sought by the Hollanders at London, and was agreed to by Cromwell as Protector, and by his associates and supporters, on 4th April, 1654, and proclaimed at c.33,91. London on 9th April, and at New York or on Long Island §7, ssr. in May or June, 1654. Gov. Stuyvesant, on 5th July, sent to New Haven to learn if it was recognized there, h. 31, 110, After the peace was known, no more forts were erected, nor battles fought between English and Dutch for some years. They both found hostile Indians their worst enemies, and maintained a fair good-feeling toward each g.t, 105. other. But the Indians had been badly taught, and had 106.: not become good Christians. They could not be safely trusted ; and some of them continued the war. The truce line was at an end by the war, and by the EngHsh rejec- tion of the local treaty of 1650 and by the Treaty of Peace. Some Englishmen returned west of the dividing line, particularly to Newtown. The grants by the Gov. ernor to Van Werkhoven and others since the war, were repudiated. His attempts to exchange approvals of the boundary line division (several years too late) had no effect. Gov. Stuyvesant was absent from December, 1654, to July, 1655, in the West Indies, but gained no glory there. He sailed again, in September, 1655, in seven vessels, with 600 or 700 men from New York, against the Swedes on the Delaware, and was absent a month with nearly all his Dutch force. While he was absent a large number of Indians beset New Amsterdam, Hoboken and Staten Island, set houses on fire, and killed or captured many 19, 20. i68 southold's celebration. Dutchmen, frightening them all, but generally sparing Englishmen. The Indians, without such knowledge as they could trust either of the Dutch and English war or of the peace, and excited by hostilities against other Indians opposed to them, and by the use of fire-arms among themselves, A.58, 29S. naturally pursued their previous courses. Ninigret, a leading hostile chief from Connecticut, east of the river, insisted upon pursuing war professedly against Indians. But would it stop there? No one can believe it would ! Not long after leaving Southold, our old Sachem of Manhassett lost his life. We are not sure of the date or particulars, but apprehend he was assassinated. His name disappears ; and this serves to introduce to you the next English historian of Long Island, Daniel Denton, an early settler and magistrate of Jamaica, L. I. He was the eldest son of the Rev. Richard Denton, a native G.io. of Yorkshire, England, who preached at Stamford, and ***■ was called the first English minister of Hempstead, L. I., and who returned to England about 1659. In March, 1665, Daniel, the author, with our Thomas Benedict, represented Jamaica in the Assembly at Hemp- 95. stead ; and his " Brief Description " was printed at Lon- **• don in 1670, containing these words : " An Indian being dead, his name dies with him, no person daring ever after to mention his name, it being not only a breach of their law, but an abuse to his friends and relations present, as if it were done on purpose to renew their grief." This accounts for the name of Yenycot being dropped, and excuses our Southampton friends. A History of the Town of Flatbush, in Kings County, L. I., by the Rev. Tho- mas M. Strong, D. D., Pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church of Flatbush, was printed at New York in 1842, by T. R. Mercein, Jr. The great difficulty, as stated by the author, was, that the early history of the town was in manu- scripts, written in the Dutch language, and many of them in a very small and cramped character ; and these but few c. B. moore's address. 169 could decipher and translate. The author said he had the assistance of gentlemen of Flatbush, and was furnished with the draught of the map which he annexed. The work was published while Mr. Brodhead was in Holland to collect the Documentary History for the State, and was generally well received. A full perusal of the local his- S40p.i533. tory of Mr. Denton and others including Mr. Brodhead, strongly shows how little, persons in and around New York knew about Southold, and compels us to explain our own surroundings. On 19th or 20th September, 1655, Captain Taping 629,341. (Topping), of Southampton, and John Youngs, mariner, of Southold, appeared before the Commissioners of the United Colonies, both in behalf of the Indians and of the English upon the east end of Long Island, and presented special letters from Mr. Thomas James, Minister of East Hampton, and Capt. Underbill, with four letters formerly written by Mr. Haines, and a letter of Major Mason to Lieut. Gardiner, and their own desires " that the Com- missioners would take into consideration their sad and distracted condition by Ninigret's hostile and murder- ous attempts against the Indians, by which the English are in danger," etc., etc. This danger to the English, it seems, was what the managers of the New Haven juris- diction had been unable to cope with against Stuyvesant. Some of them were too well protected-to feel the peril or to make provision for defence. On 20th Sept., 1655, Capt. John Youngs received from ^^ the United Commissioners a full commission for himself 3*3. and vessel. He was employed and authorized to prevent the hostile Indians under Ninigret from going against the peaceable Indians on Long Island, and from pursuing a war against our well disposed friends. In May, 1656 (eight months later), after Cromwell had captured Jamaica, in the West Indies, the New Haven court ac- h.si, ii. town records. Some of them were such as no other ^^' person could write. If we do not agree with the writers named in all their opinions, or if they, not seeing our authorities, did not agree with all of ours, we yet can be glad to have the earliest public records of the town in readable form, and with the best notes obtainable. It is necessary to print in order to preserve. I had little opportunity to confer with them or they with me. I disclaim all controversy with them or with their friends or with our neighbors of other towns. It has long been practiced and almost expected that Southampton, on some lasting questions, would vote against Southold, but as we " labor for peace and plenty," we will not dis- pute upon so small a point as which of the two parallel towns was first set out. In union there is strength, as well as peace. Let us labor to have " e pliiribus umim " — from many, one — and for both towns all the good we can get. Several large pedigrees of early settlers have appeared since my Indexes were printed, namely: 343. The families oiTiirV. ^^ Matthias Corvvin, by Rev. Dr. Corwin, of New Jersey. 898.898!^. Of Bamabas Horton, by Dr. D. F. Horton, of Pennsyl vania. "24. Of William Wells, by Rev. C. W. Hayes. w. i.\v.2,w. 3. Of Henry Whitne}^ by S. Whitney Phenix, of New York. 35U. Of the Benedict family, by H. M. Benedict, of Albany. 525. Of the Storrs family, by Chas. Storrs, of Brooklyn. A.84, G. 4. Of the Wolsey family, the Strong family and others, by B. W. D wight, of Clinton. Of the AUerton family, by W. S. AUerton, of New York. Of the Southold branch of the Paine family, by Dr. H. M. Paine (imperfect), and others. All by non-residents. They add to our story, tho' not harmoniously ; and others are coming. 5 C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. ' 1 79 The several town records and the Long Island histories have expanded in print very largely. New England has produced many volumes, by means n. itoN.42. of which, several of our early settlers can be traced farther back. The later settlements follow on the same road, extending west to the Pacific. i8o southold's celebration. NOTES. NOTE X. I. Deputies from Southolu to New Haven and taxes paid there. Demtlcxfrum SoutlioUI. Total Tax. Southiddto Pan- 1053, .Tunc 39. Mr. Wells, William Furrier £300 £15 15s. 5cl. »*^''*' -}Iay^21-[ Barnabas Hortuu, John Petikin 300 16 3 9 ItiW, May 28. Barnabas Horton, William Furrier 150 13 lt»7. May 27. Lieut. Budd 300 ^'l^'l ^^. 1 1)58, May 36. Thos Moore, Barnabas Horton — 100 7 17 8 1659, May 35. William Wells, Barnabas Horton 100 9 1660, May 30. William Wells, Capt. John Youngs 300 17 1 B 1661, May 39. Barnabas Horton, William Furrier 150 1^ I'i' 10 £1,300 £100 10 1 1654, Remitted (as not collectible, persons absent, &c.) ^ ''' ^ Total for Southold £102 3 1 It is difficult to deline the present \alue of this currency, but quite safe to count £1 as more than equal to $10 now. That would make the whole total $13,000, and Southold's part $1,030. Perhaps it was equal to twice this sum. NOTE X. 2. Eakly Inventories. English law and custom required inventories to be made before the probate of wills. They were needed, even it there were no wills. The country Surrogates were sometimes limited to act only when the estates were appraised at less than £150, and improved land was included in the inventories. We have none preserved until after the peace of 1654. Names of Be,f eased Persons. DaUs of Incentories. A tnowits. .] ames Haines (no glass) 1655, 18th of 9th mo. £123 8s. 4d. Mr. Frost (veroal) 1655, 13th of 9th mo. 39 Jos. Peakins of New Haven 1657-8, 1st of Feb'y . 141 13 3 William Salmon 1657, May 13 188 14 10 [A looking glass, 3 guns, etc.] Joseph Youngs, Mariner 1658, Sept. 15th 477 9 [£85 was for house and lands, £190 10s. for his part of ship sold Goodwin and Mr. Ham- den and attached, a looking glass, 3 ships' anchors.] Stephen Goodyear, New Ha veu 1658, Oct. 15th 804 9 10 [" Besides part in the iron works unapprized, "with some debts at ye Barbadoes and else- " where not bnoAvn how much, some pipe " staves yet to be apprized."] c. B. moore's address. i8i Names of Deceased Persoiix. DaLex iiiiits. John Herbert.... 1658, Sept. 5, 16 . £2.5110 d \l*^;l% [A vessel of about 13 tons, €8(1.] 134H. 44: Matthias Corwin ll'-'iS -"^^ ^ ^ H.31, 35 154^,44' Peter Payne lt'5«, Sept. 15th 72 15 ^ .,i .,5 ThoraasCooper 1058, .Tan. 3nth :?(i8 7 ^^^[^^^ [:? chairs, 3 chests, a wooden bottle, a cUink- ing- flask, etc.] i54y 45 Pastor Youngs 1.575-6, Mar. 22d ... . 97 ' ^g [House and land, £30: old books, £5; old horse, £3.] Suffolk Co. Clerk's Office.— In a book called Sessions Book, No. 1, are entered, for the County, between May, lti70 and 1685, 97 in\entories ; 43 of them are for less than £100 each ; 37 are for sums between £100 and £500 ; 7 for sums between £500 and £1,000; and only 4 for sums over £1,000 each. In Liber A, of Deeds for Suffolk Co., 14 inventories are copied dated in 1687 and 1688; one in 1689; and one in 1692. A list of these in the County Clerk's office, has been printed in the N. Y. U. 1-.M3 Gen'l and Biogr. Rec. for .July, 1881. They have not been perused by the writer. NOTE X. 3. Wills and Letters of Administration. Date of Will, ov Date of Probate m- Place of Record, or Barnes. if nn'Will, of of Letters of Authority, Tieath. Adininistration. Witnesses,i \ and presented, bro. of Giles and Eliz. f ^^^^^ ^^^- "^ \ £316, 17, 7. Constant Sylvester, Shelter ,„„„ „ ,, „„ t i k at v iqq Island, do 1695, Oct. 36 1696-7, Mar. 20.. . . Lib. 5, N. Y., 199. Thos. James, East Hams, ,„„, x oo Preacher and Minister . . 1696, June 5 1693, June 23 „ ^ „, (1696, Oct. 17 William Wells (2d) 1696, Sept. 25. . . ^ 1696-7, Jan. 19. . . . James Reeve, of So. Hold, brother of William 1692, Mar. 4 1698, July 4 '^Thomas''''^.'''.'!™*''.''.°' d. 1698, April 16.1698, July 4 Thomas, Admr. Nathaniel Moore, son of Thomas 1698, April 19... 1698, Aug. 2b 'ZuThter^K'" ! •- (^t. 18.) 1698, Aug. 29. . . { \ZTd*f ua^lia^n^. '^ I Admr. to wid. Abl- Joseph Concklin d. 1698, Nov. 23. 1698, Dec. 16 j gaU and John Tut- ( Appoints Isaac Ar- John Washburn (^t. 15.) 1698-9, Feb. 14 ( nold Guardian. .„™, .. .. „ iAtHarttord. leoQ a^,>+ jl693, Sept. 9 J Letters to Irene Daniel Bowen 1693, Sept j ]693, Nov. 11 ] Hobart C. n. MOORK S ADDRESS. 183 Tliomas Brush, ot Hunt- ington Thomas Ryder Gideon Youngs. Richard Bi-own James Parshall Charles Booth . . Date of Will, m\ if no Will, nf Death. 1698, April H.... 1669, April 11 1699, Deo. 'i'i. . 1701, July 6.. . 1692, Oct. 14.... d. 1700, Dec. 3.. Date 0/ Prolxiti nr of Letters o.t Aflniliiisfrntion. ..1699, April d6. .. 1699, April 26. . . S 1699, Feb. 22 11700 -.1701, Oct. 1 .. 1701, Oct. 28 Place of Hecord. or A^ithority, Witiii's.ies, &c. Admr. to Gershom nd Nathaniel Ter- i Adi I ry , „ ^ , ,„ \ Admr. to Abigail, 1.02, Oct. 28 , Ills widow. Isaac Corey Caleb Horton John Corwiu, Sr Abram Corej- Other Wills proved Constant Silvester, son ot Nathaniel Peter Silvester, son of Na- thaniel Barnabas Wines Col. John Youngs d. 1700-1, Mar. 8.. 1702, May 21. . 1699, Dec. 30. . . 1702, Oct. 14. . 1700. Nov. 26 1702, Oct. 14. . 1702, May 19 1702, Oct. 14. . \ Admr. to Sarah, his I widow. (Wife Hester.) AT New York, in the same period as the last OR later. 169.5. Oct. 26. 1695, Nov. 9. 1696, Feb. 22 ... . 1696, April 16 1696, Mar. 24 1707 1695-7 1698 Lib. .5, N. Y., 19,S. Lib. 5, N. Y., 151. Lib. 5, N. Y., 29H. Names Copied Alphabetically. John Conkling (3d). John Conkling (4th) 1753, July 23.. Henry Conkling (4tli) . . . 1739, Aug. 2(1. Joseph Conkling (6th) 1740, Aug. 20. \ 1690 bimon Grover , d. 170.5, Nov. 4 Peter Hallock 1753, Aug. 12. Place of Eecotil, or Authority, Witnesses, &c. Lib. 7, N. Y., 376. Lib. 17, N. Y., 410. Lib. 18, N. Y., 166. Lib. 13, N. Y., 354. i 1706, Feb. 18 Lib. 7, N. Y., 286. .1756, Oct. 7 Lib. 20, N. Y., 149. Date of Will, or. Date of Probate if vo Will, of of Letters of Death. Adiniiiistratinn 17.51, June 11 1706, Oct. 19 1751, June 2S... 1754, Jan. 16.. . 1740, Feb William Hallock 1728, June 8 1736 Lib. 13, N. Y., 4. George Havens Lib. 13, N. Y., ;J01. David Horton 1749, Sept. 18 1749, Sept. 18.. . Lib. 17, N. Y., 38. Jonathan Horton, Capt. . . 1707-8, Feb. 21.. . . 1708, June 7 Lib. 7, N. Y., 366. Howell, Richard 1709, Aug. 24 1710, Jan. 1 Lib. 7, N. Y., 438. King, William 1740, Feb. 29 1740, Feb. 29 Lib. 13, N. Y., 415. Landon, James 1738, Sept. 11. . . 1739, Mar. 26 Lib. 13, N. Y., 2.51. Loring, Samuel 1738, Feb 1740, Mar. 27 Lib. 13, N. Y., 39U. Mapes, Jabez 1729, Feb. 20 1732, Mar. 16 Lib. 12, N. Y., 4. Moore, Abigail j 1?^' Dec"/ ' ' " ' I 17-16, July 21 Lib. 16, N. Y., 40. Pai-shall, Israel 1737, June 23. 1738, May 22 Lib. 13, N. Y., 295. Parshall, David 1727, June 24. . . 1727, Mar. 16 Lib. 10, N. Y., p. 161 . „ ,,_„^ ,, (Executor's deed in Petty, John 1698 ( Jas. an Exr.)1702 or '3 -) 7o^>_ Reeve, Thomas ira5-6 1739, June 5 Lib. 13, N. Y., 259. Reeves, James 1712, Dec;. 1.5.. .. 1713, April 12 Lib. 8, N. Y., 301. Reeves, Joseph 1722, July 19 . . .1736, June 3 Lib. 12, N. Y., 514. Reeves, Benjamin 1743, June 1 1752, June 3 Lib. 18, N. Y., 142. Rumsey, Simon 1719, Mar. 29 1723, Sept. 26 Lib. 9, N. Y., 417. Terry, John 1728, June 6 1733, Sept. 3 Lib. 12, N. Y., 139. Tuthill, Heni-y 1749, Sept. 28. . . 1750, Jan. 25 Lib. 17, N. Y., 15S. Vail, Jeremiah 1723, Jan. 2 1727, Feb. 10 Lib. 10, N. Y., :J95. Wines, Samuel 1738, Oct. 16 1742, May 15 liib. 15, N. Y., 39. Youugs, Gideon (2d) 1749, Nov. 14 .... 1749, Dec. 12 Lib. 17, N. Y., 176. [This List is imperfect, and was dropped when it was found it could not be made perfect.] 184 southold's celebration. Special Surrogates were appointed and many wills proved — some not traced. Rev. Wm. Throop was appointed Surrogate about 1753, and died 39th Septem- ber, 1756. Samuel Landon, Esq., of Southold, was appointed Surrogate on 9th February, 1757, and probably held until 1766. Jared Landon, son of Samuel, on 19th April, 1768, was appointed Surrogate, and held the office a year oi- more, and he acted as Surrogate under the new State government up in Ulster County in 1783, '3 and '4. His oflicial memoranda as Sur- rogate were dejiosited in the Long Island Historical Society, and some were copied in the second volume of N. Y. Gen. and Biog. Rec, p. 186. 97, '^53. Later Surrogates can be easily traced and wills found. The other officers of the Colony and State are generally detailed in a book chiefly published at Albany, 9_ called the Civil Lis*. ; which, howevei', omits to tell us of the Legislature which met in 1683 and 1685, at the first sessions of which, Matthias NicoU was Speaker, G. 18, 49. and at the second, WiUiam Pinhorne was Speaker. NOTE X. 4. Letters of Administration, granted to persons, generally of Southold (includ- ing some that were doubtful), before the Revolutionary War, or before the Treaty of Peace : Of Jonathan TuthiU, to his widow, Mary Tuthill, on 6th March, 1744. Lib. A., p. 41. Of Ebenezer Johnson, to his widow, Rebecca Johnson, on 6th January, 1745. Lib. A., p. 80. Of Jonathan Hudson and Sarah Hudson, his wife, both deceased, to Samuel Hudson, their only son by Sarah, his wife (on her estate), on 13th November, 1746. Lib. A., p. 99. Of Jonathan Hudson, Suffolk County, to principal creditors, of Samuel Landon and John Cleves of Suffolk County, on 24th January, 1746. Lib. A., p. lOJ. Of Daniel Reeve, to his widow, Experience Reeve, on 34th February, 1746. Lib. A., p. 103. Of Joel Bowditch, to his widow, Ruth Bowditch, on 2d December, 1747. Lib. A., Part 3, p. 36. Of Elizabeth Youngs, to her son, Christopher Youngs, on 18th March, 1747. Lib. A., Part 3, p. 27. Of Elizabeth Tuthill, Southold, to her son, Samuel TuthiU, on 5th November, 1750. Lib. A., Part 3, p. 101. Of Elisha Reeve, Southold, to his widow, Mary Reeve, on 15th June, 1753. Lib. A., Part 3, p. 148. Of Hosea L'Hommedieu, Shelter Island, cooper, to his principal creditor, Israel Moore, Southold, 5th February, 1754. Lib. A., Part 3, p. 33. Of Theophilus Clarke, yeoman of Suffolk County, to his widow, Bethiah Clarke, of same county, on 3d April, 17.55. Lib. A., Part 3, p. 48. Of Giles Hudson, late of Orange County, farmer, to his brother, Jonathan Hudson, of Suffolk County, labourer, on 3d June, 175.5. Lib. A., Part 3, p. 53. Of Thomas Booth, Southold, yeoman, to his sons-in-law, Freegift Wells and Joseph Reeves, both of Southold, yeomen, 18th January, 1756. Lib. B., p. 18. Of William Throop of Southold, minister of the Gospel, to principal creditors, William Hubbard, shopkeeper, and Ezra L'Hommedieu, yeoman, both of South- old, on 13th October, 1756. Lib. B., p. 35. Of James Terry of Southold, mariner, to his brother, Daniel Terry, farmer, 6th December, 1758. Lib. B., Part 3, p. 58. Of John Youngs, Southold, yeoman, to his widow, Mary Youngs, on 17th May, 1760. Lib. B., Part 3, p. 139. Of Mary Harrid of New York City, spinster, to John Wiggins of Suffolk Coun- ty, mariner, cousin and next of kin, 30th January, 1763. Lib. B., Part 3, p. 107. c. B. moore's address. 185 Of Peter Christopher Bradley of Suffolk County, to his father-in-law, Ben- jamin Bayley, of same county, joiner, on 11th November, 1761. Lib. B., Part 3, p. 113. Of Jonathan Osman, yeoman, to his widow, Elizabeth Osman of SuUolU Coun- ty, and Peter Hallock, yeoman, on 18th February, 1761. Lib. B., Part 3, p. Til. Of Simon Glover, yeoman, to Mehitable Glover, spinster, his sister and next of kin, 14th February, 1763. Lib. B., Part 3, p. 187. Of Daniel Tuthill, yeoman, to Daniel Tuthill, .Jr., and Nathaniel Tuthill, both of Suffolk County, yecmen, on 12th May, 1763. Lib. B., Part 3, p. 188. Of Elizabeth Reeve, spinster, to her son-in-law, Thomas Mapes, cordwainei-, 11th May, 1768. Lib. ('., p. 35. Of Isaac Hubl)ard, cordwainer, to his widow, Deborah Hubbard, 11th May, 1768. Lib. C, p. S2. Of Daniel Goldsmith of Suffolk County, yeoman, to Orange Webb of said county, mariner, on 29th July, 1763. Lib. C, Part 2, p. 10. Of Joseph Hudson, farmer, to John Hudson, farmer, of said county, brother and next of kin, 23d March, 1765. Lib. C, Part 3, p. 31. Of Jonathan Reeve, Suffolk County, yeoman, to his father, William Reeve of said county, yeoman, 20th December, 1764. Lib. C, Part 3, p. 32. Of Benjamin Haliock, gentleman, to his bi-other, Zerubabel Haliock of South- old, yeoman, 22d October, 17a'). Lib. C, Part 3, p. 39. Of Luther Moore, yeoman, to Thomas Terry of said county, yeoman, 16th No- vember, 1768. Lib. D., p. 20. Of Ichabod Cleveland, cari5enter, to his widow Anna Cleveland, 16th Novem- ber, 1768. Lib. D., p. 21. Of Samuel Beebe, yeoman, to his widow, Hannah, and to his son, Samuel Beebe, 16th November, 1678. Lib. D., p. 2:i. Of Richard Taylor, schoolmaster, to Peter Haliock, yeoman, a creditcji-, of said coxuity, 23d June, 1769. Of John Wiggins of Suffolk County, yeoman, to his sons, David Wiggins, yeoman, of said county, and Thomas Wiggins of the Province of New Jersej-, physician, 23d June, 1769. Lib. D., p. 64. Of John King of Suffolk County, cordwainer, to his brother, Jonathan King, carpenter, and to Thomas Youngs, yeoman, a creditor, both of Suffolk County, on 20th June, 1770. Lib. D., Part 2, p. 134. Of Samuel Smith, Junior, labourer, to his widow, Sarah Smith, and to iiis father, Samuel Smith, Senior, on 31st October, 1770. Lib. D., Part 2, p. 136. Of Benjamin Conckling, j'eoman, to his widow, Sarah Conckling-, 25tli Miircli' 1772. Lib. D., Part 4, p. 40. Of Henry Jacobs, cooper, to principal creditor, Abraham Corey, yeoman, 10th August, 1773. Lib. D., Part 4, p. 54. Of William King, Southold, yeoman, to a creditor, Thomas Youngs, 3d August, 1775. Lib. E., p. 43. Of John Hubbard, trader, to his widow, Mary, 9th January, 1783. Lib. K., part 3, p. 4. Of William Brown, of Shelter Island, yeoman, to his widow, Esther, 22d Ma> , 1783. Lib. E., Part 3, p. 30. Of Charles Booth of Suffolk County, yeoman, to Thomas Panning, gentleman, principal creditor, 8th July, 1782. Lib. E., Part 3, p. 44. Of Thomas Overton, yeoman, to his widow, Martha, 10th December, 1782. Lili. E., Part 3, p. 74. [List imperfect.] NOTE X. 5- Lktteks of Administration to persons of Southold, granted in Suffolk County, after the Revolutionary War, from 1787 to 1829, inclusive. To William Hallioek, of Southold, yeoman, a creditor of Margaret Brown (widow). Book A. B., l. of Southold, deceased. June 19, 1787. 2. 10. 14. 15. 31. 43. 47. 48. Hi. h;j. tt9. l86 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. To Thomas WeDs and Jonathan Wells, of Southolci, hiotheis ot Joshua Wells, ot Southold, .veoman, deceased. June 19, 1787. To Isaac Tuttle Kceve, ol Southold, yeoman, on estate of Ehenezer Soper, of Southold, sadler, deceased. April 23, 1788. To Benajah Gardiner, of Plumb Island, yeoman, son of Tlxmias Gardiner, Esquire, of same place, deceased. August 30, 1788. To William Benjamin, yeoman, of Southold, father of William Benjamin, Jr., of Southold, deceased, farmer. September 1 , 1788. To Hannah Conitling-, relict of, and David Conklin (physician), and nephew of Thomas Conkling-, Esq., late of Southold, deceased. December 34, 1789. T(j Silas Howell, yeoman, brother of Joseph Howell, late of Southold, yeoman, deceased. November 33, 179(\ To HeUen Moore, widow of Zadoek Moore, late of Southold, yeoman, deceased April 18, 1791. To Benjamin Wells, uncle, and John Wickham, brother-in-law of Martha Wick- ham, late of Southold, widow, deceased. April 18, 1791. 49. To Calvin Cook, yeoman, son-in-law of Thomas Norris, late of Southold, yeoman, deceased. April 19, 1791. 5«». To Esther Tuthill, late widow and relict of Caleb Halsey, late of Southold, weaver, deceased, and Nathan Tuthill, Jr., yeoman, her husband. March 8, 1793. To Joanna Goldsmith, widow and relict of Gilbert Goldsmith, late of Southold, cooper, deceased. April 3.5, 179S. To James Downs, farmer, of Brook Haven, son-in-law of Meliitable Hempstead, late of Southold, widow, deceased. May 30, 1792. To Silas Howell, mariner and son of Silas Howell, late of Bivei-head, tailor, de- ceased. December 18, 1792. 77. To Benjamin L'Hommedieu, of Riverhead, blacksmith, brother-in-law of Benja- min Thompson, late of Sufl'olk County, a private in tlie Continental Army, deceased. September 35, 1793. 81. To Eunice Wines, widow of Thomas Wines, Esq., late of Southold, deceased. November 37, 1794. S5. To Samuel Hobart, carpenter, son-in-law of Benjamin King-, late of Southold, carpenter, deceased. Ajn-il 1, 179.5. SS. To Hull Osborn, of Southold, attorney-at-law, on estate of Jeremiah Petty, late of Riverhead, farmer and forgeman, deceased. April 1, 1795. S9. To James Reeve, of Southold, yeoman, on estate of Thomas Wines, Esq., late of Southold, deceased. September 9, 1795. 90. To James Reeve, yeoman, on estate of Eunice Wines, widow of Thomas Wines, late of Southold, deceased. September 9, 1795. 97. To James Brown, John Youngs and Jude Conkling, the former creditors the latter widow of John Conkling, late of Southold, farmer, deceased. May 4, 1796. 1 1 -i. To Silvia Chittenden, widow, &c., of Ambrose Chittenden, late of Southold, physi- cian, deceased. April 4, 1797. 1 35. To Jedediah Corwin, a son of Jedediah Corwin, late of Riverhead, farmer, deceased. May 14, 1799. 1 39. To Eleazer 0\erton, a brother of Isaac Overton, late of Southold, minister of the gospel, deceased. October 1, 1799. 140. To Eleazer Overton, a brother of Joshua Overton, late of Southold, mariner, de- ceased. October 1, 1799. 141 . To Elizabeth Bailey, widow of James Bailey, late of Southold, carpenter, deceased. October 1, 1799. 150. To Henry Corwin, of Riverhead, friend of David Bishop, late of Southampton, weaver, deceased. June 11, 1800. Liber C.l. To Persis Booth, widow of Constant Booth, late of Southold, mariner, deceased. July 1, 1800. 3. To Amon Tabor, son of Mary Tabor, late of Southold, widow, deceased. July 29, 1800. C. B. MOORF.'S ADDRESS. 1 87 To Caleb Woodward, of Southampton, a creditor of Amon Bebee, late of South- 5. old, boatman, deceased. October 8, 1800. To Cynthia Way, widow of Nathaniel Way, late of Southold, mariner, deceased. as. October fi, 1801. To William Helme and Samuel Hobart, creditors of Thomas Vail, hite of Southold, '^9. joiner, deceased. December 3, 1801. To John Horton, of Southamptcm, a triend of Patrick Waldron, late of Riverhead, 4»j. deceased. May 5, 1802. To Jeremiah Youngs, a brother of Barzilla Younss, late of Southold, mariner, 4s. deceased. September 1.5, 1803. To Mehetable Downs, widow of, and James Horton a friend of .Tames Downs, kite «S. of Southold, farmer, deceased. September 13, 1803. To Elijah Landon, friend of Joshua llilliard, late of Southold, farmer, deceased. 70. October 5, 1803. To Abraham Luce, a triend of Lydia Grifflng, late of Riverhead, deceased. Sep- SI. tembei- 17, 1804. To Abigail Terry, widow of, and Joseph Terry, son of Gershom Terry, late of 89. Southold, farmer, deceased. May 37, 1805. To Elizabeth Terry, widow of Thomas Terry, late of Southold, ship carpenter, de- 9i8. ceased. August 31, 1805. To Bathsheba Beebe, widow of Nathan Bebee, late of Southold, boatman, deceased. 93. August 31, 1805. To Gershom Edwards and William Edwards, sons, and Wm. Skidmore, son-in-law 97- of Gei-shom Edwards, late of Suffolk County, deceased. (No town given.) October 4, 18ft5. To Thomas Mapes, brother of Jonathan Mapes, late of Soutliold, coi-dwainer, de- 100. ceased. November 27, 1805. To Thomas Goldsmith, David Terry and Benjamin Hutchinson, friends of Eben- 103. ezer Jennings, late of Southold, farmer, deceased. Januarj' 8, 1806. To Jared Landon, Esquii-e, friend of Joseph Hull Goldsmith, late of Southold, 104. farmer, deceased. January 6, 1806. To Bhoda Hallock, widow, and Joshua Corwin, brother-in-law of William Hallock, 1 1 4. late of Riverhead town, farmer, deceased. August 22, 1806. To Mai'y Albertson, widow, and Daniel Albertson, son of Richard Albertson, late 117. of Riverhead town, clothier, deceased. December 3, 180(5. To Phinehas Smith, of Southold, late the husband of Mary Smith, deceased. (No 1 19. town given.) .Tanuaiy 16, 1807. To Josiah Albertson, friend of William Russell, late of Riverhead, farmer, de- X'iS. ceased. June 3, 1807. To Ezra L'Hommedieu, a creditor of John Vail, late of Southold, mariner, de- 130. ceased. June 7, 1807. To Zacheus Goldsmith, friend of Elizabeth Hempstead, late of Southold, spinster, 137. deceased. November 16, 1807. To John Paine and Matthias Case, friends of Prince Truman, late of Southold, a 139. black man, deceased. December 1, 1807. To Samuel Tuthill, of Southold, and James Petty, Jr., of Riverhead, friends of 151. William Osborn, late of Southold, farmer, deceased. February 13, 1809. To Joseph Terry, Jr., friend of Jonathan Tuthill, late of Southold, merchant, de- 153. ceased. March 38th, 1809. To David Benjamin, nephew of James Benjamin, late of Riverhead, farmer, de- 155. ceased. June 10, 1809. To Abi-aham Luce, friend of Richard Benjamin, late of Riverhead, eordwainer, 150. deceased. June 10, 1809. To John E. Case, of Southold, brother-in-law of Jacob Howell, late of Southamp- 159. ton, mariner, deceased. October 5, 1809. To John Terry, friend of Jesse Tuthill, late of Riverhead, blacksmith, deceased. 168. March 28, 1810. SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. 176. irs. ISO. Liber D. 1 . 1 (next page.) .i. •i (next page.) 3. 4. IS. WO. il. '23. -m. 57. 58. t'2. 75. SI. 87. 94. 99. 101. lOii. 109. 110. To Henry Peters, son of Richard Peters, late of Southold, deceased. .January 7th, 181L To Benjamin II. Horton, Jr., lather of Benjamin H. Horton, late of Mariner, deceased. Januai'.y I7th, 1811. To William Corwin, brother, and Josiah Reeve, Jr., friend of Joseph Corwin, late of Riverhead town, farmer, deceased. April 3d, 1811. To Susannah Osborn, wido^v of John t)sborn, late of Southold, hatter, deceased. February 19, 181:J. To Eunice Wells, widow, and Barnabas Horton, friend of William C. Wells, late of South(}ld, mariner, deceased. February 19th, 1812. To David Warner, of Riverhead, friend of Barnabas Fiunier, late of Southamp- ton, mariner, deceased. February 21st, 1812. To Elizabeth Goldsmith, widow, and James Davis, brother-in-law to Gilbert Gold- smith, late of Southold, mariner, deceased. April 1st, 1812. To Martha Payne, widow of Samuel Payne, late of Southold, merchant, deceased. April 1st, 1812. To Nancy Davids, widow of Samuel Davids, late of Southold, merchant, deceased. April 1st, 1813. To James Overton, a nephew of Ebenezer Overton, late of Southold, deceased. December 4th, 1812. To Daniel Wells, Jr., and Abigail Wells, son-in-law and daughter to Henry Terry, late of Riverhead, farmer, deceased. December 17th, 1812. To Christiana Skidraore, widow of John Skidmore, late of Southold, farmer, de- ceased. December 16th, 1812. To Josiah Reeve, father of Josiah Reeve, Jr., late of Riverhead, merchant, de- ceased. December 21st, 1812. To Joshua Terry, son of Henry Terry, late of Riverhead, deceased. January 7th, 1812. Revoked February 1.5th, 1813. To Samuel Dickeison and Matthias Case, friends of Eleazer Overton, late of South- old, deceased. January 22d, 1813. To Joshua Terry, and Abigail Wells, son and daughter, and Daniel Wells, son-in- law, of Henrj- Terry, late of Riverhead, deceased : "tie bonis nori." February 1.5th, 1813. To Thomas S. Lester, friend of John Godby, late of Sag Harbor, mariner, deceased. June 20th, 1814. To Abiah Reeve, widow of Rumsey Reeve, late of Riverhead, mariner, deceased. June 3.5th, 1814. To Thomas S. Lester, friend of Ben.iamin Vail, late of Southold, deceased. Febru- ary 15, 1815. To Abraham Mulford, friend of William Rogers, Jr., late of Southold, blacksmith, deceased. April 11th, 1815. To Jonathan Landon, friend of Richard Peters, late of Southold, deceased. Sep- tember 4th, 1815. To Rupert Hallock, of Southold, brother of Mehettabel Hallock, late of same place, deceased. Oc^tober 27th, 1815. To Jeremiah Moore, brother-in-law of Joseph Hazard, late of Southold, deceased. January 12th, 1815. To James Reeve, creditor of Jeroboam, late of Southold, colored man, deceased. May 28th, 1816. To Fanny Homan, widow of Stephen Homan, late of Rivei-head, deceased. May 18th, 1816. To John Woodhull, of Rivei-head, son-in-law to Wesscl Sell, late of Brookhaveu, deceased. June 19th, 1816. To Hannah Youngs, widow of John N. Youngs, late of Southold, deceased. Janu- ary 15th, 1817. To David Corwin, son of Polly Corwin, late of Riverhead, deceased. January 15th, 1817. c. B. Moore's address. 189 To Benjamin F. Horton, son of Janios Horton, late of Soutliold, dcccasnl. March 1 1'i. I5th, 1817. To .loiiathan Terry, son of Jonathan Terry, late ol Sou( hold, mariner, deeeas<'d. 1 Hi- May ;?Oth, 1817. To Samnel Terry, friend ol" Klisha Fitliian, hite of Soiithold, farmer, deeeased. 117. May 31st, 1817. To Peter Vail, son of Hethiah Vail, late of Sonthold, widow, deceased, .lune Kilh. 1'iO. 1817. 'To Gershom Terry and Benjamin (Joldsmith, Jr., iriends of Davis Cioldsmilli, lali' Til- of Southold, deceased. June 16, 1817. To William Brown, son of William fJrown, late of Soutliold, deceased. March ;;, 131. 1818. To Polly Corwiii, widow, and Jonathan Horton, friends of Daniil Corwin, late of \4'Z. Riverhead, deceased. October 6, 1818. Ti) Martha Webb, widow, t^ihus AVebb, son, and Joshua Fleet, son-in-law of Thomas ' l-'SS. AVebb, late of Southold, mariner, deceased. August 5, 1819. To David Tuthill, friend of Robert Bailes, late of Riverhead and late a priNate in ISS- the Revolutionary Army, deceased. October 6, 1819. To Israel Fanning (now living) and Asaph Youngs, friends of Peter Penny, late of 157. Riverhead, blacksmith, deceased. November 16, 1819. To John Hubbard, a creditor of Richard Brown, late of Riverhead and late a l*'*^' private in the Revolutionary Army, deceased. December 15, 1819. 'I'o John Wells, brother-in-law of Benjamin Y"oungs, late of Southold, cariienter, 174. deceiised. February 28, 1820. To Gilbert Horton and Seth H. Tuthill, Iriends of Benjamin Coleman, late of 177. Sovithold, deceased. May 22, 1820. To John Gardiner, a creditor of Polly Case, late of Southold, deceased. June 28, I-^'ber E, 4. 1821. To James W. Booth, John Gardiner and Ira Corwin, friends of Anna Way, late of ^• Southold, deceased. June 28, 1821. To Huldah Wells, widow of David Wells, late of Riverhead, deceased. October 13, I** 1821. To David Williamson, brother-in-law of Joseph Hutchinson, late of Southojd, do- '-*^' ceased. April 10, 1822. To Benjamin K. Hobart, friend of Russell Beckwith, late of Southold, deceased. ''*'• October 1, 1822. To Samuel Tuthill, father-in-law of Richard Youngs, late of Southold, deceased. '-*••• October 1, 182'3. To Nathaniel Grilling, father, and Stephen Grilling, brother of Nathaniel Grifling, "*«*• late of Riverhead, deceased. November 3«j, 1822. To William Brown, son-in-law of Phebe Brown, late of Southold, widow, deceased. •*'*• December 2, 1822. To John Habbard, a creditor of John Rogeis, late of Southold, merchant, deceased. '^'^" November 19, 1822. To Manley Wells, brother, and Jonathan Horton, friend of Nathaniel Wells, late '^'^• of Riverhead, farmer, deceased. January 15, 1823. To Ira Corwin and David Billai-d, friends of James Youngs, late of Southold, do- 47. ceased. May 12, 182;i To Joseph Terry, Esquire, friend of Isaiah King, late of Southold, deceased. Sep- •'*''*• tember 3, 1823. 'To Baldwin Gardiner, sou, and Jonathan G. Horton, friend of John Gardiner, late '**'• of Southold, deceased. November 18, 1823. To Charles Booth, brother, Nathaniel Boisseau, brother-in-law, and Ruth Terry, *•'-*• the niece of Hainiah Wells, late of Southold, deceased. January — , 1834. To Lewis Sandford, of Southampton, brother of Jane Terry, late of Riverhead, ***•■ deceased. February 10, 1824. To John Hubbard, brother of Thomas Hubbard, late of Southold, deceased. Octo- * ■*■ ber 15, 1824. 190 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. 73. To Jonathan Horton, friend of Hendrick Cor win, late of Riverhead, deceased- November 19, 1824. 50. To John Hubbard, friend ol David Tuthill, late of Soutboirt, deceased. May 7. 1825. 51. To Hannah Benjamin, widow, and Nathan Benjamin, Jr., brother of John Benja- min, late of Riverhead, deceased. May 31, 1825. S3. To Abigail Hubbard, widow, and James HaJlock, friend oJ' Jolm Hubbard, late of Southold, deceased. June 7, 1825. S9. To Betsey Hutchinson, widow of Benjamin H uU-hinson, late of Southold, deceased. October 5, 1825. 93. To Joel Reeve, son-in-law of Eunice Wines, late of Southold, deceased. December 22, 1825. 100. To Daniel Beebe, brother of James Beebe, late of Southold, deceased. March 16, 1826. lOS. To Benjamin Case, fiiend of David Goldsmith, late of Southold, deceased. June 13, 1826. 111. To John Clark, son of John Clark, late of Southold, deceased. September 16, 1836. 115. To Samuel S. Vail and Piatt T. Gould, sons-in-law of Jonathan Terry, late of Southold, deceased. October 4, 1836. 116. To Surrepta Tuthill, widow of Timothy W. Tuthill, late of Southold, deceased. October 18, 1836. 123. To John WoodhuU, a creditor of Hector Y. Horton, late of Southold, deceased. February 9, 1827. lae. To Nancy Appleby, widow, and John C. Appleby, brother of Joseph B. Appleby, late of Southold, deceased. March 13, 1827. 12s. To Seth H. Tuthill, brother of Noah Tuthill, late of Southold, deceased. April 6, 1827. I'iO. To Ebenezer W. Case, a creditor of John Booth, late of Southold, deceased. May 7, 1827. 1 39. To William Gritting, of Riverhead, friend of John Cox, late of Southold, deceased. October 31, 1837. 150. To Seth H. Tuthill, a creditor of Gilbert Case, junior, late of Southold, deceased. July 19, 1838. 151. To Mary G. Overton, daughter of Nathaniel Overton, late of Southold, deceased. August 9, 1838. 1 «!i. To Ebenezer W. Case, friend of Richard Drake, late of Southold, deceased. Decem- ber 16, 1829. 169. To James W. S. Davids, brother of Henry S. Davids, late of Southold, deceased. May 30, 1829. 177. To George Miller, Esq., creditor of Youngs Wells, late of Riverhead, deceased. October 7, 1820. (This completes Liber E.) NOTE Z. I. October 4th, 1662.— Signatures at Southold, appointing Capt. John Youngs Deputy to Hartford Court. Thomas More. Cliarles Glover. Thomas More. John Herbert. John Tooker. John Payne. Barnabas Winds. John Budd. Henry Case. Thomas Brush. Abraham Whichcheer. Richard Terry. Edward Pattey. Thomas Rider. Richard Benjamin. c. B. moore's address. 191 Thomas Oscman. .losopli Yoiinps. Itobrrt. Smyth. John Tuthill. .loi-omiah Vail. (lidcon Voiitifis. .losopli Votiii^i's, .liiiir. WilJiam Haliockc. .lohti EUton. Benjamin [Godwin or Gairliier]. ,Tohn Booth. Samuel Kinfi'. .Tohn [vincertiiin ; porliaps Lutrill]. •John Curwin. Goof ry Gons. John Conkelin. Richard Brown. [Note.— At this date wo can trace, as living at Southold (besides the 33 named above). Richard Clark, ship carpenter, afterwards of New .lersey : .lohn Conklinji;, .Tunr., ,1ohn Corey, Philemon Dickerson, Barnabas Horton, .loscph Horton, Caleb Hort on, Thomas Hutchinson, Thomas Mapcs, Benjamin More, mariner ; Nathaniel More, shipwrin-ht; William Furrier, James Reeves, Nathaniel Silvester (Shelter Island); John Sweazey, William Wells, Barnabas Winds, Junr., Pastor John Vounjis, at least 18, making in all .51.] NOTE Z. 2. IttVS, Sept. 16, an assessment list for the town was made and sent to the Gover- nor. Each able-bodied man was valued for taxation at £18; each acre of fenced and cleared land at £1 ; an ox at £6; a cow at £.5; ahorse £12; three sheep £1; a hog- $1, and a yearling £1 10s. ; and the town was found worth £10,93.5 10s. ; 81 per- sons were taxed (whose names are given) tor 106 men, 1318 acres, 1119 neat cattle. Z^ horses, ;332 sheep, 443 hogs, .55 goats, etc. Southampton at this time, at the same rates, was reported worth £13,541 16s. 8d. ; Easthampton, £6,842 16s. 8d. ; Brook- haven, £3,1)65 16s. 8d. There were 25 men taxed in Southold (generally sons) besides the 81 persons named, making 105 the number of residents taxed. The list names 19 persons not 164, 45. traced by the Rev. Dr. Whitaker as living while Pastor Youngs was living. These names were Stephen Bayley, Richard Cozens, John Hallock, Jonathan Horton, Walter Jones, James Lee, Joseph Mapes, Thomas Moore, Juni., William Poole, Isaac Reeves, John Reeves, Thomas Reeves, William Reeves, Peter Simons, John Swezey, Jr., Joseph Swezey, Nathaniel Terry, Abraham Whithere and Samuel Youngs, and it doubtless includes in the 25 not named, several others. He was fortunate in tracing so many at his central spot. But I think all these wei-e in the town and others also. These have nearly all been traced later. D. 2, 44r NOTE Z 3. In 1683, a new assessment list was sent to the Governor by Stephen Bailey, con- stable, Thomas Moore, senr., and others, overseei-s, in the same style, making the total sum for taxation £10,819. It omitted 19 of the former names ; and added ;35 new names. When we notice how many were deceased and how many moved west, we can form a lair judgment of the situation. NOTE Z. 4. A few years later in 1686, there was an oflBcial list of the inhabitants of South- old, which gives the names of 114 families and the number of persons in each family, making together 331 males, 299 females and 22 in addition, who were slaves. This list reports that in 7 years the marriages were 44, the births 151 and the deaths 72. D. 2, .535. ig2 SOUTHOLD's CELEBRATION. NOTE Z. 5. In 1694^, there was a list of 34 persons engagins to support a windmill on Hal- lock's Nerk, near Southold village. NOTE Z. 6. In 1(598, there was another census giving the names of all, without showing their ages, embracing 132 families of Christians, comprising in all, young and old, 800 persons, besides 40 Indians and 41 slaves. This list is valuable in tracing fami- lies, and was used in the 2d index of Southold. NOTE Z. 7. 1700, Nov. 28. -The Governor made a long ollicial report enclosing mililia rnllti of the Pr-mnnce. Suffolk Countv had i>14 ) For L I. Queens Coimtv had 601V 1495 ] KiniisCouiitvhad 280^ Total. New York County had. 684 ~] NotouL.l. AVestchester County had 155 1 „„ r 3182 ITlstei- and Dutchess Counties had ... .325 [ ^'^^ Soldiers. Albany County had 371j Others (or Officers) 152 I For Southold -3 companies: ^, ^ ^ (Notes.) For First Company— Thomas Young, Capt (son of Col. John) (p)ob. Samuel) Glover, Lieut (son of Charles) Richard Brown, Ensign (Sergt. in 1670) Second Company— Jonathan Horton, Capt (son of Barnabas) (prob. Jasper) Griffin, Lieut. ■^' ^^- (prob. Thomas) Emons, Ensign. Third Company— Thomas Mapes, Capt. Joshua Horton, Lieut (son of Barnabas) John Booth, Ensign. NOTE Z. 8. Muster RoU of Suffolk County Regiment in 1715. Secretary-of-State's Office. Albany ; Henry Smith, Col. ; Joseph Wickham, Lt.-Col. ; Wm. Smith, Major. Southold Company- No. 1. Benjamin Y'oungs, Capt. ) Matthias Hutchinson, Lieut. > Names given of 51 men. Benjamin Reeve, Ensign. ) No. 3. James Kcove, Capt. ) Sainiiel II 1 1 tchinson, Lieut. V Names given of 68 men. Ricliiinl 'I'ci ry. Ensign. ) No. 3. William Booth, Capt. i Joseph Pattey, Lieut. v Names given of 48 men. Daniel Youngs, Ensign. ) Total 167 Of officers 9 Southampton (2 companies), officei-s included 100 Bridgehampton " 65 Easthampton (2 companies) " 90 Huntington " 96 Brookhaven " 69 Smithtown " 24 620 Troop (for the Couutj') 47 667 John Cooper, Captain of the Troop. Jonathan Baker, Cornet " John Benjamin, Q. Master " Jonathan Horton, Gierke " C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. I93 NOTE Z. 9. Muster Rolls for soldiers in active scrviL-e beloic the Ilevolutionary War, viz. : In 1746, under Cap*. James Fanninfr. " 1750 to 175.S, under Capt. Thomas Terry. •' 1759, under Capt. Barnabas Tuthill. " 1760, under Capt. Israel Horton. " 1760 and 1762, under Capt. Daniel Grifflng. Lists of these obtained from Secretary-of-State's Office, Albany, not now- copied. NOTE Z. 10. — Sample of Errors. After a note made to aid the recollection, less pains are taken to retain in memory the particulars of the note. A sample of errors may aid the fair minded. In the first index of Southold it was noted and printed that the first Richard Brown died at Southold 16tli October, 1655, father of second Richard, who married 154, S. Hannah— deemed afterwards a daughter of William Kinj? and sister of Deliver- ance, wife of John Tuthill. The memory being- appealed to for this date and place, it was answered that this was learned from the records. It was replied that nothing of the kind had been found by others at Southold, and asserted that he, Richard Brown, did not die at Southold. The place of death was thereupon given up and erased, but the fact and date not abandoned. Searching the records no Israel Brown was found, but the family of Edward Brown who married Mary 356, 208. Martine, was traced with names of six children who had all. been omitted ; and it was found that the deed of 1665 from second Richard Brown and Hannah, his wife, to E. Topping (which has been seen) was omitted from the index of Southold. 154"^, 1 65 Readers wiU notice that the deed contains a covenant against any claims by his wife Hannah or his mother, implying that his mother was then li-ving. Memory failed 1 66 to relieve us. These circumstances (with others) have induced a farther search, not yet satis- factory, but some results of which it may be proper to i-eport, especially as they correct some printed errors and aid our historical vieAv. Richard Jackson, of Cambridge, Mass., died in Massachusetts, 33d June, 1672, eighty or ninety years old. He probably married first in England before 1618, and may have had sons by his first wife. One Richard is traced. On 12th May, 1663, the oldest married (second) Elizabeth, widow of Richard Brown, supposed the noted ruling elder of Watertown, Mass., who came to INIassachusetts in 1630, supported Rev. Geo. Phillips as his minister, and was a Representative of Massachusetts from 1634 to 1639, and in other years and repeatedly in company with T. Mayhew, and died about 1659. That Richard Brown was called the son of Thomas Brown, of •'"' Suffolk County, in England, having several brothers and being a brother or i-ela- tive of AVilliam, of Salem, Mass. He had lived In London, and became a noted non-conformist. On 22d May, 1639, he was fined £5 in Massachusetts for going to Connecticut, being sent by his church at Watertown to Connecticut (apparently) to settle church dissensions there. The next September £4 15s. 3d. of the fine was remitted and tlie freemen of Watertown fined £3 for sending him away. These arbitrary fines indicate partisanship and lead us to study what was going on. The deed from Farrett for our 1.50 acres and to Mayhew, his companion, for Martha's Vineyard, and many circumstances indicate topics for examination. Bond's His- tory of Watertown may aid, p. 124, etc., and Tli. Brooks, of Suffolk, and others later. It may somewhat help to notice the deposition of William Coolinge, of Newport, taken 2d April, probably 1663, and entered at Southold on 8th April, 1663, showing his acquaintance with Mr. Farrett, Richard Smith, etc., Elizabeth, one of the daughters of Jonathan Brown, born 1719 or 1720, married 174;? Captain William Coolidge, of Waltham, etc. ; see the large Cooledge family of Watertown, Mass., derived from John, an early settler, connected with Bond and others ; and at page 744 notice the English pedigree, tracing William, born 1592, 245. 154J^, a06. 194 southold's celebration. brother of John, who hart a sou William, and tracing another William, son of Thomas, etc. But they have fiiven us no clear li>!ht. In the index of KiVi it is stated that this William Coolidge released his right to I'lumb Island, Init we have not found the release. The deposition recorded at Southold was probably obtained by John Conk- ling-, Sr., to aid his claim to Lloyds Neck, by showiny- that Farrett did not give Hashamonach lo Sinderland in.'iUad of Lloyds Neck, but ui ndditiint to it. Mr. Conkling- was defeated in that, but was allowed land on West Neck, on east side of Cold Spring- Harbor near Lloyds Neck. Robert Jackson, one of the original settlers of Stamford, Conn., born as early ins, .3.10. as 1620, married Agnes, daughter of William Washbourne, who came to Long- Island from Sandwich with Kev. Mr. Leverich. Mr. Jackson was at Stamford, Conn., in 1641-42; was on a committee sent to Long Island in 1643; crossed the sound to Hempstead Harbor, L. 1., in the Spring of 1644, and aided a settlement at Q. U. 1 .59 . Hempstead village (perhaps as a carpenter) ; became one of the English proprietors of Hempstead, L. 1., west of the truce line. He afterwards was present at a pur- chase from Indians in 1656, (he and another gave them two great kettles, perhaps wanted as helmets) ; was applicant for a patent at Jamaica : had 20 cattle, 13 cows, 2 calves, 37 acres of meadow in 1657 ; made 20 lengths of the general fence in 1658 ; was presented to the Governor for a magistrate in 1662 and appointed ; had a house southeast from Hempstead village in 1664 ; was chosen constable (highest 9. town office) in 1671; was Schepen under the Dutch in 1673; was one of the over- seers of the town in 1676 ; agreed (at the head of the list) to contribute £2 yearly towards the support of Rev. Jeremiah Hobart, brother of the second pastor of Southold ; made his will dated 25th May, 1683, which was recorded in the County Clerk's office of Queens County, Liber A, p. 11, in 1687— the oldest will so recorded, he dying- in that year. His son John became the first Col. John Jackson of Queens County, and died in 1725. He held many public offices. He married Elizabeth, daughter of John Seaman, son-in-law of our Thomas Moore, of Southold, and had a large family, G^. including tlie second Col. John. Robert Jackson's daughter Martha in 1667, mar- 154K. 2rS. ried Nathaniel Coles, of Oyster Bay. His daughter Sarah became the wife of 358, 1 r5. Nathaniel, the son of Thomas Moore, shipwright, of Southold, and received a 300- bequest by Robert Jackson's will in 1683. He, Nathaniel, became an active ship master, was employed to carry furniture to Lloyds Neck in 1678, lived until 20th April, 1698, acquired land in Westchester County and left a will, in which he called Jeremiah Vail his brother-in-law. It was hastily supposed from this that he had married a sister of Jeremiah Vail ; but this was afterwards found to be an error. Vail had married Anne, the widow of Nathaniel's brother, Benjamin Mooi-e, and in that way was his biother-in-law. Sarah, daughter of Robert Jackson, survived Nathaniel Moore, and died his widow on 10th June, 1733. Their son, Nathaniel Moore, Jr., died unmarried in 1699. Their daughter Hannah married John Terry 154. 1-20. (No. 654 of index, son of Richard) and left many descendants. Their daughter I (Hi. Abigail married Isaac Overton— page 502 of index. Their daughter Elizabeth mar- ried Christopher Youngs (No. 743 of index), and their daughter Deborah married John Boisseau, the Huguenot. Their was another daughter, probably unmarried. NOTE Z. II.— Sample of Errors, No. 2. Col. John Youngs, son of the pastor, should have a fuller display. His will has been mentioned, dated in 1696-7, and recorded at New York in . . . 1698, in Liber 5, p. 293. He survived his eldest son John, who married a daughter of William Wells, and left a son Daniel. The latter was treated by the Colonel's will as principal devisee, being his heir-at-law. But Col. John named in his will and in deeds his daughters, Deborah Long-worth and Martha Gardiner. The latter had married David, a grandson of Lion Gardiner, and she survived him, becoming, with her son David, an executor of her husband's will, which was proved on 18tli yg C. B. MOORE S ADDRESS. I95 June, 173:3, and copied in G 87, p. 85; hut Martha, by error, was not tveate(i as a daughter ol Col. John. She joined her brother-in-law Longworth, a shipwright, in a release to her brother Thomas. There weie so many named Youngs that errors were hard to be avoided. Many errors occm-red, and several of this character. In writing the alH>s e, [ have, in every case where I could, given the occupa- tion and relationship ot administrators and intestate, and where they were ol' ditt'erent towns I have so stated. 196 southold's celebration. At the conclusion of the address of Charles B. Moore, Esquire, the chairman said : By request, the old-time song of " Liberty," which was sung this afternoon in the Grove by representatives of four generations of de- scendants of David Horton, the chorister of the First Church of Southold during the first thirty years of the present century, will be repeated. The song was accord- ingly sung. The chairman then said: "The Pilgrims' Planting," the words and music of which may be found on the last page of the printed programme, will now be sung by the choir, and the congregation is respectfully invited to join in singing it. The congregation rose and sang with the choir. THE PILGRIMS PLANTING. 197 ®hc f ilpimjsi' f lautiuiv Words bv Rev. E. WHITAKER, D.U. Aug. 1867 J^IOO. Music by D. P. H. Aug. 1S87. i s s 1 1 1-2 C j j — I — I 1 : -4^^^ziiigzri:iziz^zzz:jz:bzji=zzi::tszziqzig:l:zq qrzzurzzjzzn:^ :3Z=qzziiq q — ^-5— i— F-i-v — J- — 3_^L_i^ 1^ — q^ — 1 ; ,3__J S-T— • — »-•—*—'--#-•- — ; — -« — t-, M-i—r—» — * '**• , , „ ., 1. O - ver the sea to 2. Here shall that Cross tor uu - known shore, ev - er stand, Ex - iles of faith the Sym-bol of life to Pil - grims came; Free - dom they sought, not gold - en ore, dy - ing souls; Firm as a" rock, 'mid .shift - ing sand, i^^^^l EEEE -x-\ \ \j X^ -•--•■.-•■-#■■•■_ id's Book their law, their trust His name. Sigh - ing. they left their here in his wrath the o - ceau rolls. Vi - tal and fair a - •#- -0-' -0- ••■ - N S - - . 1 \/ 1^ 1 1 l-_|»_i A— ^ F F q^_, A H^ ^—0~.—g -J. »--• 0-^-0—0 — #-«-Lt H— ^ 0.0 Fa - ther-land, Tra - cing the flight of Lib - er - ty. Here, on this bides that tree, Throw-ing its arms to eve - ry wind, Uu - der its 1 . N J -t^- 1 u • _U fcSEEE^E -0-f '-^ ^^m^^m^^M^^m spot that faith -ful band, Plant -ed the Cross and Freedom's Tree, shade far aye shdU be. Rest and de- light for all man-knid. fEi-:EE£=E:iHEii -til tl^ r^-zzzzs=z.^: i 198 SOUTHOLDS CELEBRATION. The chairman said : The Rev. Dr. Whitaker will now read letters of regret from the Honorable Benjamin Har- rison, President of the United States, and from the Rev- erend Proby L. Cautley, Vicar of Southwold, Rural Dean of North Dunwich and ex-Diocesan Inspector of Schools of Suffolk County, England. The Rev. Dr. Whitaker stated that letters of regret had been received not only from the President of the United States, and from the Reverend Vicar of Southwold, but also from the following gentlemen, namely : General Benjamin F. Tracy, LL.D., Secretary of the Navy of the United States. General Stewart L. Woodford, LL.D., formerly Lieu- tenant Governor of the State of New York. The Honorable John Jay, LL.D., President of the American Historical Association. Professor Franklin B. Dexter, M. A., Secretary of Yale University. The Rev. Samuel E. Herrick, D.D., Boston. The Hon. Thomas R. Trowbridge, Secretary of the New Haven Colon)^ Historical Society. Clarence W. Bowen, Ph.D., Treasurer of the American Historical Association. Theodore S. Woolsey, LL.B., M.A., Professor of Inter- national Law, Yale University. The Rev. Charles E. Hiscox, Greenport. Joseph Newton Hallock, M.A., editor and proprietor of the " Christian at Work." Thomas Young, LL.B., Judge of the County of Suf- folk, New York. The Rev. Dr. Whitaker then read the following letters: Executive Mansion, Washington, July 14th, 1890. The Rev. Epher Whitaker, D.D., Chairman, etc., Southold, N. Y. My Dear Sir : Your letter of the 3d inst., extending to me an invitation to attend the exercises connected with LFTTERS OF REGRET. I99 the observance of the 25olh anniversary of the Town of Soiithold, and of the First Church of thai town, has been received. While fully ap})reciating the historic interest of (he (occasion, 1 rej^ret to be compelled to decline the invitation. My public duties will almost certainly re- quire my presence in Washington during the month of August ; and if I should by any chance be able to get away, another invitation would have to be given a pre- ference by reason of a conditional acceptance alread} given. Very respectfully yours, Benjamin Harrison. SouTHWOLD Vicarage, Suffolk, July 22, 1890. Dear Sir : Many thanks for your letter of the 5th instant, and the kind invitation to be present at the cele- bration of the 250th anniversary of Southold Town. 1 much regret that my many engagements for August will unfortunately prevent me from accepting it. Noth- ing would have given me greater pleasure than being present with you on the occasion, and it is a very great disappointment to me my having to refuse. The names of Tuthill, Youngs, Moore, King and Whitaker are still extant amongst us, and the Palmers, Rogers and Hurrs have from time immemorial been ver}^ common here. Enclosed are extracts from the Parish Register Book, which dates back to 1602, of the King, Harrison, Moore, Youngs and Whitaker families, which perhaps may inter- est you and those whom it may concern. I am having the old Register Book copied, which I propose, when finished, presenting to the church or town of Southold. South wold was spelt in various ways, the most com- mon being Suwald, Suwalda, Sudholda, Southwald. Southwood, Sowthwould. See Gardiner's Dunwich. Asking you to convey my thanks to the commit- 200 southold's celebration. tee for their kind invitation, and my regret at not being able to accept it, Believe me to remain, Yours very truly, Proby L. Cautley, Rural Dean of North Dunwich and ex-Diocesan Inspector of Schools. To the Rev. Epher Whitaker, D.D. The Chairman, Hon. Henry A. Reeves, said : Here is a letter to Dr. Whitaker, Chairman of the Committee of x^rrangcments, written by the editor of the " Christian at Work," a native of our town, and personally known to a large number present. Perhaps by reason of a fortu- nate interest in the author of it, I have been requested to read it. New York, August 20, 1890. To the Rev. Epher Whitaker, D.D., Chairman of Committee : My Dear Dr. Whitaker: Your cordial invitation to be present and take part in the anniversary exercises at Southold on the 27th of August was duly received. I have purposely put off answering it till the last moment, hoping, Micawber like, that something would turn up whereby 1 could see yiy way to change or postpone my anticipated outing and so be with you. When 1 received your letter I had already definitely arranged for a lengthy trip South and West— through Texas, California and the Rocky Mountains. Now, one of the very first things I found out at College was that " One and the same body cannot occupy two distinct places at one and the same time." I here state this truism in the language given in Olmsted's Philosophy, but I presume I had learned it long before I ever saw any philosophy, and only lacked these concise terms in which to express it. I happen to be myself the " same body," and as Southold LETTERS OF REGRET. 201 and San Francisco are two quite " separate and dis- tinct places," the former especially so just now, I can scarcely hope to compass them both at the same time. I shall, therefore, have to content myself while on my way to the Golden Gate with simply reading the ac- count of your:^ood time at Southold and wishing 1 were there. As a son ol old Southold township 1 rejoice in its pros- perity and renown. It is one of the brightest and sun- niest of places, and how the Mayflower could have con- sented to land on the " stern and rockbound coast " of New England, where the stormy waves were " dashing high," when such a glorious harbor as Southold was near at hand, is a mystery which I never have been able to fathom. If John Robinson and his faithful band had disembarked here and sunned themselves on the beauti- ful shore of the Peconic, instead of that barren Ply- mouth rock, who knows the softening influence it might have had on the Puritan character. Columbus, too, evi- dently did not more than half know what he was about, or he never would have landed where he did, on one of those out of the way and unheard of islands on that memorable 12th of October, 1492. Only think of his sailing away down South, and finally landing at Cat Island, when he could have come right up to our beau- tiful bay, past the lovely heights of Shelter Island, and landed so easily at Southold harbor, I always felt that he made a great mistake in his selection of localities, and that Southold presents advantages from which to discover a continent, compared to which Cat Island, San Salvador, and all the Bahamas sink into insignificance. However, he did not know this at the time, for Southold had not then held her 250th anniversary. She has also greatly improved since his day, and it is no more than the truth for me to add that no one has had more to do with her improvement or deserves greater praise for his efforts in this behalf than yourself. 1 remember when a boy the impression for good your sermons and 202 SOUTHOLD S CELEBRATION. talks always left with fne. By your long and faithful work for Christianity and your untiring and effective efforts to advance the cause of Christ and the condition of the community in which you have so long resided, you are justly entitled to the gratitude of every son of Southold. 1 presume it is largely by your efforts that our old town has this glorious celebration of the anniversary of her quarter millennial — an event that can occur but once in one's lifetime, and that only after many generations. For the next 250 years this anniversary shall sound her praises and be remembered throughout the entire coun- try. In this connection allow me to most heartily con- gratulate you and the township of Southold that you have the eloquent and beloved Dr. Storrs, America's first orator, to deliver the commemorative address. His presence alone is a benediction, and no other living man could fill his place. If the sun is verging toward the west for him and the evening clouds are beginning to gather in the sky, as he told us lately, still a more radiant glory pervades them and seems to shine about him as the years glide by. Wishing both him and yourself, my dear Doctor, as long and as happv lives as they have been active and use- ful, and with the hope that you may have few clouds and pleasant weather all through — especiall}^ on the eventful 27th — 1 remain, very sincerely yours, J. N. Hallock. The chairman said : " The Ship of State," as printed on the programme, will now be sung by the choir and the congregation standing. It was sung as follows: THE SHIP OF STATE. Sail on, sail on, thou Ship of State ! Sail on, O Union, strong and great ! Humanity, with all its fears, Is hanging breathless on thy fate ! We know what Master laid thy keel, THK FOUNDERS. 203 Wliat workmen wrought thy ribs of steel. Who made each mast, each sail, each rope, What anvils rang, what hammers beat In what a forge, in what a heat, Were shaped the anchors of thy hope ! Fear not each sudden sound and shock, 'Tis of the wave, and not the rock ; 'Tis but the flapping of the sail, And not a rent made by the gale ! In spite of rock and tempest's roar. In spite of false lights on the shore. Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea, Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears, Our faith triumphant o'er our fears, Are all with thee, are all with thee. The Rev. Dr. Whitaker, Pastor of the First Church and Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, closed the celebration with the apostolic benediction in these words of the Holy Scriptures: " The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. Amen." The following verses were written for the celebration by the pastor of the church, but were not read during the day : THE FOUNDERS. Five semi-centuries of years ! How swift beyond the starry spheres Their flight has winged its way, Since, full ol hope and faith sublime, Our fathers, in the bright spring time. First sailed Peconic Bay. With Christian courage, love and zeal, The}- landed here. For common weal They formed a church and town. Religion, freedom, law and right ! They wrought for these, with all their might, Nor feared a tyrant's frown. 204 SOUTHOLD S CELF.BR AllON. The desert own? their hardy toil, Their cheerful hands turn up the soil More frajjrant than the rose. The virgin fields with grain are bright. And active life brings with the night The balm of sweet repose. The dwellings multiply apace, While spring to autumn runs the race. And homely comforts grow. The children go to school by day ; They learn to walk the Christian way ; With health their faces glow. The meeting house on Sabbath days Is vocal with the prayer and praise Of godly worshippers. The faithful pastor in his place Expounds the word of truth and grace, And every bosom stirs. No despot's hand, with cruel wrong. Can bind in chains and fetters strong These worshippers of God. They own the land, they make the laws. No man can suffer but for cause. For justice holds the rod. For us, they crossed the storm}' sea ! For us, they planted liberty ! How rich its fruit to-day ! May all her children worthy be To share the birthright of the free ! For this, <) God, we pray. O sons of freedom, men of might, O women, full of faith and light. We own our debt to you. In love to men and love to God, The path of right you nobly trod, .And gave to all their due. Your course of life upon the earth Gives your example priceless worth To all who know your ways. Oh, may your virtues us incite. To do our best with all our might. Until we end our days. 205 INDEX. PAGE Abbott, Rev. Bennett T., prayer of 23-25 sin^ng- by 90, 107 Acceptance of the Bible gives greatness and strength 57 Ackerly, Kobert, home lot of 128 Acquebogue, purchase of . . 170 Administration, early letters of 181-190 Adolphus, Gustavus 31 Ad Te Domine 15, 27 Esthetic art 46 Agrarian theories 17 Agricultural Society of Suffolk County 70 Alexander, Sir William, Earl of Sterling, creates knights baronets 131 death of 12!} descendants of 123 early grants to 121 grant to, from Plymouth Company 122 marriage connections of 121 receives grant of Long Island 121 Algonquin Bible and catechism 35 AUerton family, genealogy of 178 Allerton, Isaac 129, 161, 162 Alliance of New England Colonies 34 " American Annals " 126 American history, when, if ever, it will close in shame 65 American life, what it is 62, 63 American people, character of 63 Anarchists would wreck the State 52 Ancestors' candor, courage, conscience 80, 81 Ancient kingdoms, why weak 54 Anne of Austria 31 Anniversary celebrations beneficent 29 Arbitrary power 42 Arrangements, committee of 4-9, 21, 67, 68, 73, 99 Assessment list in 1675 191 in 1683 191 "A thousand years, my own Columbia" 90 Associated Press, representative of 20 Assyria's want 54 Auditoi'S of Southold 3 Authors quoted or referred to. . . .27, 35, 48, 49, 71, 73, 75, 83, 88, 89, 109-111, 116, 117, 119, 125-133, 139, 141, 113, 158, 163, 174, etc. Aztec empire, cause of sudden fall of 55 Ballon, Rev. J. H., ode by 97 Scripture read by 36 Bands invited 6 in the procession 69 at Oak Lawn 73, 73, 93, 98 2o6 INDEX. PAGE Barbadoes, government of, in 1651 160 surrender of, to Ascue 160 Barbarians in Africa and elsewhere 39 Battle of Bunliei- Hill 95 Concord 95 Heights of Abraham 95 Lutzen .- 31 Saratoga 95 Sempach 54 the Boyne 134 Baxter, Richard, Call to the Unconverted of 36 Bay Path 33 Bay Psalm Book 35 Beaver on Long Island 131 Benedict, Thomas 134, 150, 151 creek of 135 Benedict family, genealogy of 178 Benediction by Rev. Edward S. Wheeler 67 by Rev. Dr. Whitaker 203 Benjamin, Richard 70 Bible, ancient of Barnabas Horton 2K Bibliography 109-114 Bicycles, riders on, in the procession 68 Birds in Southold 130 Boats formerly necessary 120 Bonaparte, Napoleon 83 Bondage in Egypt 42 Booth, Barnabas H 4, 8 Booth, John '. 70 Boswell, Sir William 135 Boiuidary line between Dutch and English 131, 154, 173 Bowen, Clarence W., Ph.D., letter received from 198 Boyne, battle of the 1^ Bradstreet, Anne, poems of 35 Brandenburg, Elector of 32 Bridges, absence of, formerly -. 131 Brookhaven, wheat of 75 Budd, Lieut. John 70, 118 early in New Haven 127 Southold's earliest military oftlcer 148 Bunker HiO, battle of 95 Bunyan, John, " Pilgrim's Progress "of 35 Cambridge pi'ess, work of 36 Canoe in the procession 68 Carmand or Hammond, owner of Robbins Island 150 Carriages in the procession 68-71 Cart and oxen in the procession 68 Case, Henry 70 Case, Joseph Wickham, notes of, in printed Town Records 178 Cauliflowers, cultivation of, in Southold 75 Cautley, Rev. Proby L., Vicar of Southwold 7, 198 letter of 199,200 Cavalcade in the procession 68 Cellars and ditches leave traces > 133 Census of Southold in 1686 191 in 1698 .^ 192 in 1890 77 INDEX. 207 PAGE Census of Shelter Island in 1890 77 Changes of 350 years 36,37 Charlemagne, service ol', lor Saxons 56 Charles First, death of 30 despotism of 125 disciple of Selden's Mare Clauimm 125 forbids disorderly trade with Indians 124 Parliaments of 116 Charles Second, return of, to England 30, 171 grants Long Island to his brother James. 173 makes war against the Dutch 174 Charter to Connecticut granted in 1663 172 Chinese worship 79 Choir, singing by 22,26,67,77,91,97,107 Choirs of the town invited 6 Christian missions, beneficent effects of 56 Christina, enthroned, character of 31 Civilization, progressive from composite stock 44 Civil war in America, eflect of, on the nation 37 needful for the unity of the nation 50 in Great Britain 155 Cliff-dwellers 40, 47 Code of Southold's founders 61 Colonies, difficulties of settling 117 of eastern Long Island 94 self government of 94 United, of New England 34, 94 Cochiaii, William A., Town Cleik 3 Cochrane, William, and wife, of Southwold, England 142 Columbus, Christopher, achievement of 84 attempt to conceal his discovery 117 Committee of the Town 4 of the First Church 4 of Arrangements 4-7, 11 Executive 5, 7, 8 Music 5-8 Reception 8 Finance 8, 9 Luncheon 9 Platform and Grounds 9 Decoration 9 Hospitality 9, 10 Historic Sites 10 Stenography and Printing 10 Committees appointed 8-10 Communion with the Invisible 61 Conception of cosmical progress 54 Concord, battle of 95 Confucius 41 Connecticut, founders of 151 gave up Long Island 173 received a charter 172 Southampton joined to. 151 Southold joined to 172 Consecration, a condition of power 54 Constable, Cromwell content with this title 138 Contest inevitable until the millennium 50 Corey, John 70 2o8 INDEX, PAGE Corwin, Kev. Dr. Edward T 137 Corwin, Matthias 70 genealog-y of 178 Cosmical plans, character and cttect of 43 Creative spirits, rare 41 Creek, Philemon Dickcrson's 7(1 Thomas IJenedict's 135 Cromwell, Oliver, career of 153 death of, and its consequences 170 Onice et arntro, motto of monks 47 Cutchogue Veteran Drum Corps tJ8 Davenport, Rev. John, in New Haven 136, 144 Davis, Salem R., Town Auditor 3 Day of the celebration chosen tor convenience 5 Decay, causes of moral and social 48 Decoration committee 5,9,19 Decorations of church and village 19 Delaware in 1640 33 Delegates of Historical Societies 20 Denton, Kev. Richard 168 Daniel, son of, " Brief Description " by 168 Depravation of moral and physical life, causes of 43 Deputies to New Haven, and taxes paid there 180 Development of modern States 43 De Witt, John 31 Dexter, Prof. Franklin B., letter received from 198 Dickerson, Samuel, proprietor of Oak Lawu 70 Dickerson's Creek 70 tidal watei's of 71 Differences among- peoples 43 Director of the procession 7, 10, 67, 70 Discrediting- revelation ruinous to society 56 Disorder in England from 1640 to 1650 140 " Distance lends enchantment to the view " of ancestors 86 Divine plan contemplates conditions and processes 43 Divine purpose in the development of States 41 works by means 43 the philosophy of history 43 Division line on Long- Island 131, 154, 173 Doughty, Kev. Francis 130 Drum corps, veteran of Cutchogue 13, 68, 73 Dutch crowd English otf 147 Dutch grants favoring- English 170 Duty of men now 66 Early settlei-s' names on Main street 70 Early Southold's robust and resolute life 61 East End towns, character of 96 Eastern Long Island colonies 94 East Hampton in 1682 asked a free Assembly 94 East Hampton and Southampton's congratulations 96 Eaton, Theophilus, in New Haven 136 Edict of emancipation 37 of Nantes 31 Egypt's want 54 Elect peoples assigned and prepared for prog rcss 41 Eliot, Rev. John, Algonquin Bible of 35 Algonquin Catechism of 35 Indian Primer of 36 INDEX. 209 PACIE Rlvin. Rii-liartl, ol < 1 roat Yarmouth l|W Emancipation, Pnsidont Lincoln's edic-t ol' -5" Bndicott, Gov. .John, against Tlioraas Morton •■ • 4S» GnglisU and German si)i-alcing peoples, advance of ^ Enthusiasm lor pulilic advancement -Jl Environment, secondary cause of progress -^^ in some regions enfeebles men 45 Ermine, instinct of **' Europe, central and southern, commingling- of barbarous tribes in 42 Evacuation day in New York • ^•'* Evelyn, John, quoted l-'"'*'' 1'*^* Evening meeting of the celebration •'•'^ Family names in Southold '*•'• Fanning's Point ^["^' Farrett, James, claim of, to Shelter Island 1^" difficulties of 123, m Gov. Winthrop's treatment of 122 granted Martha's Vineyard 1~4 grant of, for Gardiner's Island ^'^^ grant of, for Shelter Island 1*' grant of, for Southampton 122 grant of, to Matthew Sunderland confirmed 122 mortgaged all Long Island 123 protested against Tomly ns and Knowles 184 Farrington, Thomas and Edmund 147 Fenwick, George, and others, mortgagees of all Long Island 128 Feudalism's disappearance in Japan 5' Finance Committee 5' °'^^ Finns, colony of 3;} Firearms sold by Dutch to Indians 148 Firemen in the procession 68 Fish in Southold ^^ Flag, national ^* of German fatherland "^ of the stars and bars ^ of the Union 1^ of the nations ^^ Force, Thomas Burton, odes of 16. 17, 78, 92 Forces, inimical social, to be vanquished ••• 49 Forester, Capt. Andrew, seized by the Dutch 124 Fort at Cutchogue ^p-^ Forts, old, in Southold IjJ^ Forum Romanum "^ Foster, Nat. W., address of 74-77 Founders of Southold, ode on "0^, '^W French and Indian war '•^" Fruits of loyalty •''- Fur animals in Southold » !•'! Gardiner, Lyon 1*^' ^^ Gardiner's Island, Farrett's deed for 182 Gautama, influence of 41 Genealogical and Biographical Society's numbers of hooks 109-114 40 Genesis of philosophy Germany in the Thirty Years' War '•^' Germans in the procession ^ _ German tribes, sovereign ideas of ^ PAGE Gifford, Abram, Town Auditor 3 Gildersleeve, John E., Town Auditor 3 Glover, Lieut. Charles 130, 148 Glover, Charles E., Town Auditor 3 God's word, the grand civilizing force 56 Goldsmith, Rev. John 142 Goodyear, Stephen, and Shelter Island 137, 149 buys land opposite Shelter Island 137, 150 deed to, for Shelter Island 123 second wife and daughter of 150, 1.51 Grapes in early Southold 130 Greatness, how obtained 53 Greece of old lacked wide moral conceptions 54 GrifBn, Augustus, " Jom-nal " of 177 Grotius on Mare Liberum 125 Groves of Oak Lawn 71 Growth of the American people, whence 58 Hale, Nathan, patriotism of 53 Hallock, Joseph N., M. A., Editor of Clii-istian at Work, letter of 300-303 Hampden, John 31 Harrison, Gen. Benjamin, President of the United States, letter of 108, 199 Hartford in 1640 33 Harvard College in 1640 34 Hashamommuch, early owners of 134 pioneers of 135 formally joined to Southold 135 Hebrew nation, an elect people 41, 43 course of 43, 43 Hedges, Hon. Henry P., representative of Southampton 6 address of 93-97 Heights of Abraham, battle of 95 Hemans, Mrs. Felicia, ode of 67 Herbert, John 70, 161 Herman, Augustin, of Bohemia Manor 139 Herrick, Rev. Samuel E., D.D., letter received from 198 Hindrances to social progi-ess • 47 Hiscox, Rev. Charles E., letter received from 198 Historical authorities 109-114 Historical inquiry defined 115 Historical sites, committee to mark 10 History of Southold, Whitaker's 61» 177 Hobart, Rev. Peter 143 Hollanders on the Hudson in 1640 129 Holland's dauntless spirit 48 Hopefulness and courage born of work 46 Horses for war in 1653 1^ Horton, Barnabas, family Bible of 26 genealogy of 178 Horton, Barnabas B., gun of 73 Horton, David, former chorister 73 Horton, David P 5-8,10,11,15-18,26,27,77,78,93 chairman of Music Committee 5 gives the use of his copyright music 7 leader of the choir 33, 36 music arranged by 15i 27 musicof 16-18,78,93,197 Horton's Point lighthouse 95 INDEX. 211 PAGK Hospitality Couimittee •*' ^' ^'^ Hostile forces to be overcome *° Hostility of the Dutch to Southold planneil 1^ Southold's defence against 1'1-J Howe, Capt., vessel of J*' Hudson, Henry, sailed past Long Island in 1609 11 Hudson Hiver, sources of. Human nature, how honored. 9;j 5;? Huntting-, Henry, Treasurer of the Committee of Arrangements 4 Huatting, Jonathan W., Town Auditor ^^ Town Clerk ^'^'' Town Meeting's President 4 Iberian blood of Spanish invaders ^^ Ideologists, political, in a young community 4J Immigrants, English, Dutch, Swedes ^ Improvement, best rules for ^^"^ Incas, fall of ^ Incunabula of New England * Indexes of Southold, Charles B. Moore, author of o sources, preparation and printing of 177 Indian Primer made by Eliot ' " ■-.' ,)!V Indians of Southold 40,133-136,164 trouble with. 166 Indians, change in the power of '^* disarming in Southold ^y* of Southold ^^^ of Shelter Island ^^ selling arms to • ■ • |^ untrustworthy "' war among them in Southold 1^ Inimical social forces to be vanquished *^ 65 45 Inspii'ation of the fathers Instinct for excitement, effect of. Intellect, effort of, in relation to labor 46 Introduction by Rev. Dr. Whitaker 3-10 Introduction to address of Charles B. Moore, Esquire 109-114 Inventories, early, pathos of ^ abstracts of - 1^0, 181 Islands of the Morning, changes in the ^7 Jackson, Richard, sells house and land, Oct. 32, 1640 137, 150 Jackson, Richard, relatives of 193, 194 Jackson, Robert and John 1^* Jansenists condemned by Urban Eighth 33 .lapan's first popular election ' -'^ grounds of hope ^' Jay, Hon. John, LL.D., letter received from 19** Keepsakes " Ketcham, John, bought Richard Jackson's place 150 King Philip, character of *^ Kingsley, Charles, (luotation from *^ Kodak unused by Southold's early dames 86 Ku-klux, hideous caricature of Indians 34 Labor, fruits of ^•"'- ^'^ Lack in ancient kingdoms '^ 2 12 INDEX. PAGE Lamb, Mrs. Martha J., invited guest 6 description by 71 Lands to be recorded 175 Landing- of the Pilgrim Fathers 12, 67 Landon, Jared and Samuel, Surrogates 184 Language often lost 115 Large thoughts of God and His ways give power 60 Laud, time of 30 Law, difCerence between English and Scotch 124, 129 Laws and penalties necessary 49 Leadership of the minister 60 Legends in church decorations 19 Legislation, wise, a growth 49 Letters of administration, early 181, 182 before the revolution 184, 185 after the revolution 185-190 Lexington, battle of 95 L'Hommedieu house 70 " Liberty " sung 73, 196 Libraries and colleges, roots of 46 Line of division between Southold and Southampton 153 tinglish and Dutch on Long Island 131, 154, 173 List of books, referred to 109-114 of inhabitants of Southold in 1662 190, 191 in 1675 191 in 1683 191 in 1686 191 of supporters of wind-mill in 1694 192 Literature of America 36 Literature, rise of 46 Littell, Rev. William H., prayer of 105-107 Lockermans, Govert, sold arms to Indians 153 Longfellow, Henry W., quoted 75 Long Island, battle of 95 earliest descriptions of 129 early explorations of 116, 117 ode and music 17, 92 subject to Charles Second's grant 121 Long Island Railroad's special trains 20 Long Parliament 30 Lord Protector of England 30 Lord's Day's instruction and worship 56 Loss of revei-ence suicidal 57 Louisburg, capture of 95 Louis XIV., reign of 31 Love, highest, should be for what ? 66 of freedom and respect for law 140 Loyalty, natui-e of 52 Luncheon committee 5, 9, 67 Luncheon provided 67 Lutzen, battle of 31 Lynn people on Long Island 147 Magazine of American Histoi-y 6, 71 Magazines, current 36 Mason, Capt. John, tract of 117 character and deeds of 120 Massaci'e of Protestants on St. Bartholomew's 32 of Southern Virginians by Indians 118 INDEX. 213 PAGE Master minds, force of *l Master workmen 47 Mattituok, purchase of 170 Mayliew, Thomas, purchaser of Martha's Vineyard 134, 193 Meetings of the Arransi'mcnts Committee 4. 5 of the Celebration, forenoon 31 afternoon ■ 73 evening 99 Mexican war ^ Middleton, Capt. Thomas W Militia rolls of the Province in 170() 193 Military officers of Southold in 1700 193 in 1715 193 Mills, Richard, of Southampton 159 Mommetoun, Sachem of Carcliake 15;J Monk, General 1^ Months, numbers of the several, formerly 135 Moutauk lighthouse ^^ Moore, Charles B., Esquire, author of Personal Indexes of Southold 6, 14 address of 109-195 Moore, John, opposed selling- ai'ms to Indians 159 Mooi-e, Martha, wife of Thomas 143, 144 Moore, Thomas 136, 143, 144, 1:50, 161, 164, etc. buys Capt. Underhill's house 163 surrenders the bark " Prince of Conde " — 163 Moore, William H. Helme, Esquire — 4,8,11 Moors, expulsion of, from Spain • • • 33 Moral decline, result of • 63 Moral forces immortally supreme ■ • 57 Moral soundness of the nation <54 Morton's New England Memorial 35 Morton, Thomas, opposed by Gov. Endicott 49 Mound builders 39,40 Mundane vigor wastes • • ^ Music committee ^^» H Muster roll of Suffolk County in 1715 193 of officers of Southold's military company 192 for soldiers before the revolutionary war 193 Names of places show their sponsors 133, 134 Nantes, edict of ^1 National flag ^ National flags in decoi-ations . 19 National greatness springs not from material wealth 65, 66 National life, conditions of ^ National organism 37 Nations of men, all of one blood 43 Naval battle near Southwold 157, 174 Nemesis in liistory 4^ Netherlands, war of, against Spain 31 Npw England Memorial, Morton's 36 New England Primer ^ New England, railway system of 33 New Haven Colony Historical Society 6, 90 New Haven in 1640 33 New Haven, Davenport and Eaton in 136 New Haven, records of 1'^ Newspaper sketches of Southold 7 214 INDEX. PAGE Newspaper, first in America 35 Newton, Capt. Bryau 162, 164 New Year's day formerly 135, 126 Nicbolls, Sir Richard, captures New York 173 Ninigret 95, 168, etc. Nomads 45 Norton, Humphrey, punished for disturbance 170 Nuts in Southold 130 Oak Lawn, celebration at 5, 70 groves 70 Lane 70 pi'oprietor of 70 Observance of the Lord's Day 61 Ode, Anniversary, 350th 13, 23 Long Island 17, «2 Pilgrims' Flight 16, 78 Pilgrims' Planting 18, 1% Southold's Founders 303, 204 We shall meet 13, 97, 98 Old gun of Barnabas B. Horton 72 " Old House at Home " 14, 107, 108 " Only one Mother, my Boy " 73 Organism, national 37 Osborne, Thomas 1^7, 135 Oxen in the procession 68 Oxenstiern, Chancellor 31 Pai-Uaments-of Charles 1 116 Parthenon 36 Party spirit 64 Pastoral peoples 45 Patriotic men 53 Patriotism, how made a generous moral passion 52, 53 Paine family, Southold branch, genealogy of 178 Payne, Peter 142 Peace made between Dutch and English 70, 167 Peck, John and Rev. Robert 143 Peconic Bay 71, 201 Penn, WiUiam, grant to 34 Peoples, English and German speaking 42 nomadic pastoral 45 of resisting stolidity 44 of vanishing nature 44 Personal Indexes of Southold, author of 6, 14 sources, preparation and printing of 177 Pessimism, whose fashion it is 63, 64 Peter the Great 32 PhilipSecond 32 Phillips, Rev. John and wife 143, 144 Philosophy, genesis of 46 of history 42 Pilgrims' Flight, ode and music 16, 78 Pilgrims' Planting, ode and music 18, 197 PipesNeck 150 Pipe staves 150 Plan, divine, includes conditions 43 Platform and Gromids Committee 5, 9, 71 INDEX. 215 PAGE Platform and seats 19,71 Plymouth colony 118 Pocahontas ^ PonquoMue lighthouse ^^ Population of Southold in 1662 Wl in 1675 1»1 in 1683 ... 191 in 1686 IM in 1698 1^ inl890 77 of Shelter Island in 1890 77 Portugal 32 Possession, effect of, in early Southold 176 Power of pacification •''1 Powhatan ^ Prayer by the Rev. Bennett T. Abbott :J3-36 by the Rev. William H. Littell H16, 107 Prayers of Southold's founders 61 Present generation 79 the best ^ President Harrison, descendant of Southold ancestors 5 invitation to ^ letter of 1*^8, 199 Prime, Rev. Dr. Nathaniel S., history of Long Island by 177 Primer, Indian 36 Primer, New England 35 Printing Press in Cambridge "^ Procession to Oak Lawn 5, 7, 10, 13, 67-71 Procession, Director of 7,10,13,67,70 Pi'Ogramme ' ' 11"18 Progress by English on Long Island '67 Progress, plan and power of "'7 Progress, stages of 36,37 Promise of progress, where not found •■ • ^ Property essential to progress ™ Prussia — Public progress, conditions of ^ Public spirit defined. ^^ Puritan life, character and deeds of - ^1' ^ Purpose, divine, deteimines historic positions *1 Purrier, William 70, 180 Puzzle of history *8 Quakers excluded from New Haven jurisdiction 170 pai'doned by Charles Second 171 Readiness for labor a condition of a noble civilization 45-47 for struggle an element of progress 47-50 for sacriffce required for progress .51.54 Rebellion often a condition of life 49 Records of history, oldest H*^ of lands required 17^' 17'' of New Haven printed 1^ of Southold printed 178 Reeve, George B 5, 8, 11, 13, 67 singing by *• Reeves, Hon. Henr A 3. 4, 10, 14, 9tt, ~W address by 99-106 2l6 INDEX. PAGE Reliiiioii in colonial life ^ Residents of Southold before 1640 135 Revell, John and Thomas 130 Revolutionary war -"^ Revolution, evolution 36 contributes to improvement 49 Rewai-ds of labor ^ Reydon, rectory of 141 Richelieu 31 Riverhead Savings Bank 103 Ri\X'i-head town, a sort of bridge 75 formed in 1692 73 invited 6 population of, in 1890 77 representative of 74 Roads, absent in a new country 131 Robbins Island 1-'^ Roman empire ^ Ruin, sovirces of *^ Rulers of the people 64 Ruling classes seek not general welfare 52 Russia, beginning- of modern history of 32 Ryder, Thomas • 134 Saint Bartholomew's massacre 32 Salmon, Alva M., Dii-ector of the procession 7, 10, 13, 67, 70 Salmon, William 145, 150 Sample of errors ia3-195 Saratoga, battle of ^^ Savings banks of Southold and Riverhead 103 Saxons hammered by Charlemagne 56 Science, beginning of ^ Scotland 40 Scripture read 26 Scriptures in Algonquin 35 Sea fight between English and Dutch — 166 Seamen, character of 136 Sempach, heroic patriot of 54 Seriousness, the fruit of salutary laws 49 Settlements in New Hampshire and north 120 Settlers of Southold, character and dealings of 135, 136, 137 Severance from Great Britain 37 Shelter Island 6, 69, 715-75, 77, 100, 123, 127, 175 culture of cauliflowei's in 75 invited 6 made a town in 1730 73 origin of its name 175 population of, in 1890 77 " Ship of State " 14,202,203 Shipwrights, laws made for 136 Singing by Southold's founders ^1 Slavery exiled 37 Smith, Charles Floyd, Assistant Marshal of procession 17, 67 Smith, Capt. John 83 books of 117 Smith, Col. William, Surrogate, acts of, from 1691-1702 182. 183 Smith, Wilmot M., Esq., address by 91 Sobieska, John 38 INDEX. 217 PAGE 39 Social instinct, the base of civilization Social pi-oaioss, not by unconscious evolution ■ '^^ SoMiers' Monument in Southold «' ;^ "93; i.*; i^e,' Iss; m 151, 178 Southampton town .^ had 10 or 13 houses in 164!) ^*' joined Connecticut in lt)4-i *^J mistake of early historian of '■^^ . , 175 Soul hold, the name a0 houses in 1649 ri 180 its deputies in New Haven ' ' ^^ (lifticulties from 1050 to 1660 -'J "ioK I'oa 00, loa-loo early character early connection with New England exposed condition in 1673 * Indian and early name '^^ men ^^ native nuts, fruits, berries native vines and grapes ^[^ native woods for timber ^^^ order for record of lands ^^^ population In 1662 i«^5 {^ 1683 ;^; i«86 ;; 1698 '^ 1890 ITO purchase of Mattituck and Aquebogue j^"^ quarterly court ^.^^ record of union with New Haven ^"^^ records printed .,„ savings bank ^^ senders of Capt. Youngs to Connecticut in 1662 ^^ iw taxes paid in New Haven ' SouthokVs founders, pathos of their brief inventories ^ ruled by the Bible "* their chtu-ch the central fact 60 communion with the Invisible '^1 felt relation to others and to God *^ few conveniences ^ limited resources meeting house, a church, fortress, town hall "^ plain fare readiness for toil, battle, sacrifice ^ robust strength of soul ^ scant possessions school of moral manhood ^ sharp privations , . 60 worship j.,y Southolders, early, in New Haven -—^ ^^ Southwold, England ' ' ^^ various ways of spelling of 198-200 vicar of ' .„ Spanish arrogance ^ ' ' ^ Spanish conquerors, good and evil of ' Spanish invasion, why it conquered Mexico and Peru ^^^ Spelling, old-fashioned 2l8 INDEX. PAGE Stamp act.. 96 Stevenson, Thomas 118, 139, 164 Storrs. Rev. Richard S., D.D., J-L.O 6, 20, 28, 29, 80, 203 address by 29-66 ancestor of, pastor of Southold. 29 Storrs family, genealogy of 178 Strong, Rev. Dr. Thomas M., History of Flatbush 168 Struggle, readiness for 47-50 Stuarts, kings of Scotland, England. Ireland 121 Stuyvesant, Petrus .155, 161, 164, 166, 167, 172, 173 Suffolk county, formation of 95 towns of, in 1683 95 Suflfolk County Historical Society 6,90,96 Suicidal effect of loss of reverence 57 Sunderland, Matthew, grant to, by Farrett 122 " Sunset Ridge," Shelter Island Heights 21 Surrogates of Suffolk county, early 182, 184 Supernal instruction needful 56 Swedes, colony of — 33 Swiss school books 83 Switzerland 82 achievements of 53 beetling crags of, the eyrie of liberty — 54 Sydney, Philip 156 Sylvester, Constant and Capt. Nathaniel 149 Capt. Nathaniel and John Booth 159 Symbolism, ancient Egyptian 115 Tammany Society 34 Tell, William, mythical • 83 Terry family 147 Terry, Marcus W 4,5,8,11 Terry, Richard 70,147 Terry, Stuart T.. 4,5,8,11,77 Terry,Thomas 70,147 Thompson, Benjamin F., History of Long Island 177 Throop, Rev. WOliam, pastor of Southold, Surrogate of Suffolk county 184 Tienhoven's description of Long Island ■ • 131 Touttle, William, of New Haven 143 Town Harbor Lane 70 Town Records printed 178 Tracing- persons and families 177 Track for training horses 71 Tracy, Gen. Benj. F., LL.D., letter received from 198 Treadwell, Edward 134 < Troopers encouraged by privileges 171 Trowbridge, Thomas R., letter received from 198 Turner, Capt. Nathaniel 146 Turner, Robert 151 Tuthill, Henry, ancestor of Southold TuthiUs 143 widow of, married to Wm. WeUs 143 Tuthill, Hon. James H 4, 8, 11, 72, 73, 77, 90, 91, 93 Tuthill, John 70,143 Typical American town 29 TTnderhill, Capt. John 70, 143, 145, 14e, 161-165, 167, 173 account of Indian wars by 146 acquaintances of 145, 146, 162 INDEX. 219 PAGE Underhill, Capt. John, children of second wife !63 commissioned t>,v Rhode Island against the Dutch IBS character of Itt3 first wife of, Holhmder, died in Southold 102 Helena, Avifc of 145 letter to Gov. Winthrop 163 moved to Oyster Bay 154 proclaims war ag-ainst the Dutch 161 professional soldier 162 sold his Southold house to Thomas Moore I60 soldiers of , defended IK^, livl Union of Now Enjrland colonies 13J< Union of forty-four States 34 Tnited colonies of New England 94 East End deputies meet the . . 169 I'niversity men in early New England 60 Urban Eighth condemns Jansenists 32 Ushers 10,20 Van der Douk, Adrien, LL.D 129, 1:30, loo, 159, 164 description of Long Island by . . 129, 130 Veteran Drum Corps of Cutehogue 13,68,72 Vienna, siege of 32 Vines in early Southold 130 Virginia Company asks for shipwrights 118 Virginia, Southern, failures In 117 Wading river 131 Wagons, decorated, in the procession 68 War, civil, in Great Britain 155 Wars, Frencli and Indian 36, 95 War, naval, English and Dutch 156-158 War of defense, right and good 50 of 1812 96 Mexican 96 Washington, Gen. and Mrs., represented in the procession 68 Water at Oak Lawn 72 Watts, Rev. Dr. Isaac, (luoted. 141 Welcome, words of, by Rev. Dr. Whitaker 21,22 Well, driven, at Oak Lawn 71 Wells, William, Esquire 68,70,85 genealogy of 178 home of 68 representative in New Haven 180 Westphalia, peace of • 33 " We shall meet," ode 13,97 Whatcly, Richard, " Historic Doubts "of 83 Wheeler, Rev. Edward S., Ijenediction pronounced by 67 Whitaker, Rev. Dr. Epher. . . .3-5, 8, 11, 12, 18, 21, 33, 26, 61, 67, 100, 127, 177, 191, 197, 198, 200, 202, 204 History of Southold, by 61, 177 Whitaker, Rev. William F 6, 13, 79 address by 79-90 Whitfield, Rev. Henry 144 Whitney, Henry 134 genealogy of 178 Whittier, John G., ode by, " Our Country " 105, 106 quotation from 163 220 INDEX. PAGi; William and Mary 30 William of Orange 124 Wills proved 181-183 taefore Col. Wm. Smith 182, 183 in New York 183 Wines, Barnabas 70, 148 Winthrop, Governor, treatment ot James Farrett by 133 Wise legislation, a growth , 49 Witherly, Thomas, buys and sells land 137 Women of patriotism 53 Woodford, Hon. Stewart L., LL.D., letter received from 198 Wood, Hon. Silas, History by 177 Woods, native, in Southold 130 Woolsey, family genealogy of 178 Woolsey, George and wile 161 Woolsey, Prof. Theodore S., letter received from 198 Words of welcome by Rev. Dr. Whitaker 31, 33 World, how made, how redeemed 53 AVyandance, various names of 153 Yennacok, the eai'liest name of Southold 138 various spellings of 139 taxes paid by 139 Indian cliief leaves Shelter Island 149, 159 why his name dropped 168 Yorktown, surrender at 95 Youghcoe and his certificate from United Colonies 151 various names of this chief 153 Young, J udge Thomas 4, 5, 8, 11 Youngs, Rev. Christopher, vicar of Southwold 141 daughter Martha, wife of Thomas Moore 141 bi-ass of, in Southwold church 143 Yoiuigs, Christopher, son of Rev. Chi-istopher, and Christopher, Jr 144 Y'oungs, Rev. John, first settler of Southold 3(t, 70, 141, 161 first wife of, Joan Lewington [widow Hcrington '?] 141 Y'oungs, Capt. and Col. John 68, 70, 95, 161, 173, 190, 193, 194, 195 commissioned to thwart Ninigret 169 fii-st Southold deputy at Hartford 190 friend of the Yennicotts 160 home lot of 68 seized by the Dutch, but escaped with his vessel. . . 161 will of, in part 194 Youngs, John, son of Capt. Joseph 145 Youngs, Joseph, son of Rev. Christopher 144 Youngs, Capt. Joseph and wife Maigaret, daughter of Rev. Christopher Youngs 144 mariners' compass of 145 Youngs, Joseph, son of Capt. Joseph 145 Youngs, Martha 141 Youngs, Samuel, house lot of 68 Youngs, Thomas, son of Rev. John 141, 154 Youngs, Capt. Thomas, visited Virginia 118 I