= 687 .C6 H2 -opy 1 ^" TT K ADE ANNUAL, History of Cloud County, 5 EARLIEST SETTLEMENT TO THE THE PRESENT DAY. -WITH A SEPAUATK HISTORY OF TllE- TowNs AND Cities of the County. atlstics and Population, Climate and Recources; Rainfall for Twenty Years. The first Settler. COKCORDIA, KANSAS: BLADE STEAM, PRINTING HOUSE. A 1«84 BLAfrw THEE BLADE ANNUAL History of Cloud County, ITS EARLIEST SETTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT DAY WITH A SKPAKATE HISTOKV < >F IHE Towns and Cities of the County. tistics asd Population, Climate and Resources; . RAINFALL FOR 20 YEARS, By ,/. M. HAG AM AS I he First ?^ealer COKCOKDIA. KAMSA.^: BLADE STEAM PRINTING HOUSE. 'o3 Eutered iK.coraiug to Act of CougreSB. iu (lie .>eai 1S(<4, liv J. M. HAGAMAN, Iu the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Waehiiia tun, I), Official Directory-Stating Salary OkKIOEIJS of the L'XITEI) blATEft. President Chestek A. Arthir, New York ij'oO.OUO Vice President (acting) George V. Edmunds, New Hampshire, H,UUO I Secretary State F. T. Fkelixghuysex, New Jersey' 8,UU0 j Secretary Treasury . . .High McCulloh, Indiana .S,UOO I Secretary Interior. . . .Hexry M. Teller, Ccjlorado 8,000 Cabinet. . ■; Secretary War Robt. T. Lincoln, Hlinois H,000 I Secretary Navy WE Chandler, New Hampshire y,000 I Attorney General B. H. Brewster, Pennsylvania 8,000 [ Postmaster General. . ..Frank Hatton, Iowa 8,(:00 Covimissioner of Agriculture Geo. B. Lorixg, Massachusetts 8,000 Speaker House John G. Carlisle, Kentucky 8.000 r- o y \ J . J . 1x(;alls, of Atchison .j,000 j^an^as Senators ^^ Fre.ston B. Plumb, of Emporia o.OOO Member of Congress, Fifth District. .John A. Anderson, of Manhattan.. . . o.OOO State Officers. Oovernor Geo. W. Glick, (.f Atchison |8,000 Lieutenant Governor D. W. Finxey, of Woodson ,6, Secretary State James Smith, of Marshall 2,000 Auditor E. P. McCabe, of Graham. . . , 2,000 Treasurer Samuel T. Howe, of Marion 2,500 Supt. Public Instruction H. C. Speer, of Davis 2;000 Attorney General W. A. Johnston, of Ottawa 1,500 (Jhief Justice Albert H. Hortox, of Atchison $3,000 ",„„^ •^. T„f^„^ S David J. Brewer, of Leavenworth. . . 3,000 Associate Justices \^^^ Valentine, of Topeka 3,000 .state officers elected NOVEMBER, 1884. Governor Johx A. Martin, of Atchison Lieutenant Governor A. P. Riddle, of Ci'awford. Secretary State E. B. Allen, of Sedgwdck. Auditor^ E. P. McCabe, of Graham. Treasurer Samuel T. Howe, of Marion. Attorney General S. B. Bradford, of Osage. Supt. Public Instruction . . . .J. H. Lawhead, of Bourbon. Chief Justice A. H. Hortox, of Atchison. Associate Justice W, A. Johxston, of Ottawa Judge District Court, 12th District. .Edwin Hutchinson, of Marshall $2,500 ■State-Senator, 29th District I. D. Young, of Mitchell 3 JiP'nvP? II -^ u vc ^J» ''T' i r c c lo : 1 1 . Taylor & Neitzel, Druggists, first doorVest of Blade orticf. Frisbie & PosTON, Butchers, south side (jth street between Broadway & Was Marshall, C H,Boots and Shoes, Iron Clad, south side btu street. Wade, S, Blacksmith, south side 6th St. east of Bro.idway. Hansox, H ^, General Merchandise south side (ith street b'w t Br'd and W. First National Bank, .south east corn- er Washington and 6th street. Conciordia House, 1 door south of First National Bank. Freeman, C C, Clocks, W^itches, &c, 1 door east of First National Bank. Redwine, VV^ J, (iunsmith. Washington avenue, 2 doors south Corner di ug store. Shearer, J S, Sewing Machines, 1 door south of (-orner drug store. Hull, P W & Son, Blacksmiths and Wagon Makers, Washington st., tjetween 6th and 7th. Concordia National Bank, N W cor- ner Sixth and Washington streets. Doane, E, Furniture store, 1 door north of Concordia National Bank. Maddox & Son, Genera! Merchandise, 2 doors north Concordia National Bank. McEcKRON, B H, Palace Drugstore, 3 doors north Concordia National Bank. McKiNNoN & Co, Hardware. 4 doors north Concordia National Bank. Chicago Lumber Co., yard N Wcor. Fifth and W^ashington streets. Blair. Wm, (xrain dealer, north of C. B. R. R. b't'n Wasiiington tt State sts. Spalding, H M & Co, Merchant Mills, on the River. Exchange Hotel, C (iuill)e!-t, prop., on S E cor. 5th and Washington streets. American Hotel, C H Parsons, prop., Washington street between oth and 6th. Lamay, Thos. Harness, Saddles, &c., 1 door south of Exchange Hotel. Hagaman, W H, Brunswick Restau- rant and confectioneries. Wash. Ave. Simmons & W^ilson, Furniture, Car- pets, east side Washington Avenue, Crider, John, Groceries, east side of Wash, ave., between 5th and 6th sts. Banks, L M, Barber shop, east side of Washington live., between 5th and 6th. Barcelo, A, Livery, Feed and Sale Sta- ble, south side Fifth street, between Washington and Broadway. Greene, J, Lumber, yard S W corner 5th and Broadway. Short, W T, Carpenter & Builder, N side 5th bt'n Washington and Broadway W^hitehead, Abe, Livery, Feed & Sale Stable, north side nth street. Nelson A Blacksmith, N E corner L;th and Broadway. Tate, Thomas, Livery, Feed and Sale Stable, 5th St., east of Broadway. Mulit, H S, Photographer, south side 6th between W^ashington and State. Beach, J S & Co, Hardware, Stoves, Tinware, Groceries, &c., south side 6th between Washington and State. Watson & Twitchell, General Imple- plements, pumi)s, wind mills, piping. &c., 1 door west of Concordia National Bank, south siile 6th street. McGuire, Tho Carpenter and Builder, first door south of Methodist church. Moore, Edwin, Groceries, north side 6th st betw'n Wash and State streets. Miller, Carl J Marble works, N. side 6th st 3 doors east of State street. Openheimer, M Groceries, Vegetables Flour, &c n s 6th st 2 doors east of State Harkness, J S General merchandise, north-6th st 2 doors east of Wash. st. Groesbeck, W F & Co General Gro- ceries, Crockery. &c north-east corner 6th and Washington streets. Howell, Bros. Lumber dealers, yard N E corner Fifth and State Streets. Mohr, Geor & Co, Boots and Shoes, 1 door west of post office. Shearer, J S. Books, and Stationery, Post office building. Gay ,A. Druggist, south-east corner 6th and Washington streets. B & M Hotel, east side of Broadway, on B «& M Railroad. SHAt KK, P B, House, Sign and orna- mental painter, 2 doors south M E cliurch Woods & Co, General merchandise, south side 6th st west of Broadway. Haskett & Son, General merchandise, south side 6th st west of Broadway. Dunning, D T, Gi'oeeries, Provisions, Vegetables, Crockerj^ &c &c, south side 6th st under Blade office. Robinson & McCrary, Hardware, Tin, stoves, &c, S W cor. Bro'dw'y and 6th st. Bukkus J E, Realestate Agent, Loan broker, Burrus' block, S E corner 6th st and Broadway. Savard, A, Jewelery, Clocks & watch- es, Buri-us' block, 6th st. Bell, Jas, Merchant Tailor, Burrus' block, 6tli St. Martin, Ed, Restaurant, Burrus' block on Broadway. Herwick, J S, Groceries, vegetables, candies. &c., north side sixth street, be- tween Washington and State streets. Archer & MADDf>x, Livery, Feed and Sale Stable, south of Burrus' b"k on B'dy. Eaves, Jas A, Second hand furniture, stoves, &c, opposite Opera House, 6, st. Eaves. J A, Barber shop, opposite Opera House. Park, J M, House, Sign, Ornamental painting. Frescoing, &c &c, 6th street east of Broadwaj'. Oulnusa & Taylor, Carpenters and Builders, south side 6th st east of Br'd'y Devenv. H C, Tailor; south side 6th st west of Washington. Perkins C W, Grocer, south side 6th st between Wash, and State streets. P^'rry, Eben, Pianos and Organs, south side 6t"h st between Wash, and State sts. Chaffee AB, Justice of the Peace and Police Judge, office on 6th street. Murry & Barnes, Druggists Old Land Office building north side of 6th street. Price. M V, Veterinary Surgeon, of- fice in Murr> & Barnes' Drug store. Glover Bros, Agricultural Im)ilments, south-east corner 6th and Broadway. Beauchamp, &Luttrell Druggist, south side 6th st east of Blade office. Rogers J T & Co, Clothiers, south side 6th st east of Blade office. Tyner, J H, General merchandise, 1st door east of Bl.\de office. Seyster, J, & Reeves, Clocks, Watches, Jewelrv, &o. north side of 6th st. be- tween Broadway and Washington. Martin, Benj., Restaurant, north side of 6th street. Lambert, Geor. Barber shop, north side 6th street betw'n Bro'd'y & Wash. Lake, Benjamin, Harness, Saddlery, Turf goods, &c. north side 6th st. be- tween Broadway and AVashington ave. CRAN9. LJ, Attorney at Xaw;, prac- tices in the State and Federal Courts and before the U. S. Land Office. Will be found at his home just southwest of the school building. Johnson, Mrs. Boarding-house; east of Broadway south side of dth st. Cline, M. C. Groceries, vegetables, &c. east of Brodway and south side 6th st. HaiTison, Sisters. INIillinery, south side 6th street between Broadway and Wash- ington. Avenue House, J Torr proprietor. S E corner 6th st and Lincoln Avenue. Mangan, J M, Doctor. One door east of Avenue House, 6th street. Brosseau, L P, Carpenter and Builder, shop 3 doors east of Avenue House 6th st. Longworth ct Vernon, Wind-engines, Pumps, piping &c; under Opera room. Betournay, C a. Grocer and Baker; N VV corner Broadway and 6th street. CoROX. F L Hardware, Stoves, Tinware, North side 6th street, west of Broadway. Mai'tin, Bros, Groceries, Hour, fruits, &e, nortli side 6th st between Broadway and Washington avenue. Paradis& Cartney.Meat market, north side 6th st. between Bro'd'y and Wash. Crans, Charlie, dealer in choice and fancy Poultry; henery on residence lot of ij J Crans, south-west of school- building. PosTON. B F buys and ships hogs. Tate, Johs, buys and ships hogs. XuTTER, Natus, buys and ships hogs. King, E W buys and ships hogs. Lane, Mrs H S Fashionable dressmak- er; one door south of Linney & Dobler. Warren, C T. dealer in paints, brushes, south-west corner 5th and State street. Halferty, a F Art Needle-work; at the i-esidence of W N Dunning. Judy, D H Insurance Agent. Martel, Ambrose All kinds of nur- sery Stock; office up stairs, next door east of Blade office. Peterson & Reid; Land and Insu ranee agents; over l.stNat'l Bank. Houston & Son, Land agents; oppo- site the Blade office. Carpenter & Pepperell; real estate and Loan agents; office up stairs west of Bl.\de building. HiLLis, H Realestate and Loan agent; office opposite Blade building. Cleary, John Plasterer, Calciminer. Perry, Ed Plasterer, Calciminer. Kennett, Homer, Loan Agent, up stairs in Sturges' building, south side 6th st. Krumm, Wm, Carpenter and Builder, shop on Sixth, east of Broadway. Marcotte, N, Brick Maker, vard bet'w €. B. and K. P railroads Residents of Lincoln Township, Including City of Concordia. MALES. Allen, Wm Allen, Scot I All( n, Frank AldnelT, Mill Ah bey, L J Anston, Preston Auston, .Juiin Anston, I'lestou Anderson, B R Archer, C Archer, C E Atteburry, R Atwood, h' J AJH-ll, AF AUeiidorfer, Uhas Helonrnay. PK Betourna.v, 1' Jr Hetournay, (.' A Hurnside, Bnrn^ide, Isiah Burnside, Wm Brownell, S Barnes J C Bu>h, (jeo ^Brown, N B^ Brown, H D Brown, D L Brown, (ieorge Ikill, Peter Hall, Sol Ball, AV Ball, James Ball, C M Ball, Geo Bradford, A A Barker, J Beattv, Wni Berard, A Burns, \V MeK Brewer, J P Brewer. S D Brieker, Laf Burcii, Wal Belisle, E A Bayless, L Burrus, J K Burrus, Hillis Besse, H Beebe, Jas Barons, S E Barons, J Bogue, John Babb, John Babb, Wm Babl), W A Barker, John Bryant, Wm Bailey, Jas Brossean, L P Bolln^er, A H Barcelo, Joe Barcelo, A Blowtield, A M Bean, Pius Brummette, Lai" Beauclianyj, G A Banks, A L Bennett, Orrin Biirger. O Bvishnell, H Beach, JS Bushell, J S Bosler, Ghas Baskin. W \)' Bowman, W W 15inl>all, I) i'.arrett M Becklel, Jos Bnyle.ss, A BuVless, C Bracken, B F Bracken, F F Budreaii, E 8 Biulrean, Lewis Bomnjereaii, Jas Burns, H I) Brodalpli, J VV Hanker, John Bland, Frank Bruner, E A Barbran, P Blakley, Chas Bargler, L IM Clark, () J Giark. SO rlarkNF (.'luipman, Jos Conkling, J G Chausel, A ( 'opeland, Lor L'larkson, Thomas Collett, Eli Carlisle, Sam Grans, L J Grans, M Crau.s, Ghas Chandler, Jul Cox, RE Clear V, J H Chattee, A B Ci-aig, W O Craig, J R Chase, John Closen, Wm Chamberlain, C T Garjjenter, C P Garpenter, Wm Carpenter, N E Coliey, Chambers. G Gartney, W^G Gottrel'l, Wm Gallor, J G Cupp, Adam C'ady, John, Church, Sam Christie, Louis Crafts, J M B Christopherson, N E Charpiat, Jos Conner, Wm Conner, Paul Conner, Frank Goleman, Ed Colleus, Fred Chase, Glen Grill, N Chambers L CaiTol. Jas ("rider, John Clay, P Colib, F E Darling, Ta;^lor Dutton, Lewis Dewade, Jno Dawson, J R Dick, L :M Dumas, Peter Douglas, J R Dumas, Fred Dodson, J Dicker, N Dickey, P A^ Dutt-, J G ft Demers, Sam Dabney, F K Dungerson, A Dunning, D T Dunning, W N Dawson, C Dangertield, W Dey, J E Doane, E L Decoro, Jas Dayis, Al Daub,H Delane, Jas Dennis, Wm Durand, Paul Eckhai't, John Embuy, T A Bayes, Jas. Ewing, Jno Emery Wm Elliott, J C Elliott, John Easterday, Wm English, 'C J Fox, Chas Flitch, John Fallardeau, L Farmer, W Farmer, H J Frontinghouse, E Frontinghouse, Levi Fortmor, John Froncour, Jas Fisher, Garl Fullerton, H Forkes, ,J Finley, H Finley, S Farmer, L Fisher, Burt Fortin, Thos Fortin, Geo Freeman, G Frisbie, J J Floyd, Ghas Frazel, Lewis, Griffin, S N Griffin, J R Griffin, Lee Gand, Jas Grimes, I Garver, H Gessinger, N (rurtney, A ' ^aftbrd, J .A Gay, ^. Gouche, O L) Guilbert, C Grilly, J M Grilly, N H Geigei-, J H Gitford, Fred Goodriuli, C C Goodrich, John Goodricli, N Goodwin, Laf Goodwill, John Gould, G A Groesbeek, W f Galor, C S Godfrey, TJ Glenn, P P Hodgt?s, J N Hall, Jos Hall, LD Hull, P W Hull, Chas Hunter, C C Hunter, Win Hanson. H Isl Hanson, Henry Haward, F E ' Hawaid, RE Haskett, W H Haskett E C Hartmaire, It Harrison, J M Harrison. J B Harris, J S Hibbon, Levi, Harkness, J S Houston, S D Sen Houston, S D Jr Houston, LiST Holden, J P Howard, Jas Haskin, W A Hubbard, J B Hedglan, Hiuiter, (' H Hayden, C M Hayden, WT Elardin, J J Hlnkle, W C HoUis, Sol Hinnum, C Hostetler. C F Hiilis, H Herwick, J S Healy, T A Hill. Jas Haganian. J M Hagaman, W"H Heme, L H Hale, E P Hughes, T <.■ Howard, B M Hamilton, Rob Hawkins, \V H Hawkins, C R Hicks Honey, HR Hitt, Milton Irvin, Levi Irving, Gid Jennings, E JaTTit. H Jarvia, J Jenkins, E J Jenkins, M J Johnson, Geo Johnson, Albert, Johnson, Martin Johnson, Alaf Johnson, J H Jolinson, FratiK Johnson, John, Judy, U H Jackson, Theo Jackson, Albert, Jones, M V Jupe, Wni Jordon, ^Vin Joseph, E M Kennett, Homer Kennett, Wm Kelly, D J Kelly, Win Kelly, Harrison Kelley, Marion Kenley, H E Kenley, J M Kerwiek Louis Kelsey, H Kyle, Isaac Kyle, Geo Kyle. Levi Klinefelter, J M Ken worth V, Kunkle, F' Kerwick. \ M Kelly, M J Kimball, Geo Kimball, Otis Krumni, Wm Kinmann, C P King, E W Kephart, C Kinney, S H Karnell, P A Kiilp, Jacob Lanoue, H Lanoue, M Lanoue, P Lamljert, G Ladd, A D Laviquc, Geo Lemons, S M Lemons, C M Leonard, Leslie, J.H Leundrie, F Lamay, Thos Laing, Theo Lemoine,.Hurld L'emoine,'H Lake, Benj,' Linton, John Linton, S Lacksman, Luttrell G M Laque, H Lon^worth Lamberson Laque, H Lesage, Jos LaFleche, Z R Lawrence, Thos l.orfl PX E L CO LurJ, Chaa l-aniij, J >hn Lewis, C Linblom, C Lucas, Geo LaRocquo, Frecf Law, E M Linney, E Light! H S Latlirop, A Lock, E R Low, Alfred Monard, Jas Meris. E McMillan, H Misell, R Mitchell, C McKinnon, M Martin. Harry Martin, Albert Martin, Hector Martin. Ed Martin, Geo Martin, E A Martin, Fred Martin, Eli Martin, Augu-st Martin, Ben Martin, Madore Martin, Edmund Miller, Marl Miller, John Miller, Carl Miller, Geo Miller, Si Miller, Elza, Miller, Harrison Miller, Lewis McGuire, Thos Monahan, J A Marcotte, F L Marcotte, N Morgan, W S Monroe. L C Messeldine, D Millapex, Jas Morgan, D Mcintosh, J W Mcintosh, J O Marshall, Geo Marshall, C B Marshall, Chas McDonalds, McCrai-y, S R McCrar'y, R S Morris, Ed Morris, Al McLain, A Myers, John Missell, Ed Mohr, Geo Martell, P Martell, Ambrose MulitHS Moore, J McEckron, B H Molthrop, M Mosburg, J Mosburg, Wm Mosburg, John Maddox, M Minhael. Dn. Mail 12 Rogation Sunday May 10 Ascension Day " 14 M'hit Sundav ' " 24 Trinity Sunday .♦. " 3' Corpus Christi June 4 Advent Sunday Nov. 29 CYCLES. Dominical Letter Epact .. Golden Number Solar Cycle Roman Indiction Julian Period ... Dionysian Period D 13 659 214 Cppyrieht, 1884, by James Sutton. LATEST U. S. POSTAL REGULATIONS, There are foar classes of domestic mail matter, divided as toUows: l'"iRST Class. — «, letters; ^, matter partly in print and partly in writing ; c, jjackages so wrapped that their contents can not be readily examined. Two cents per half ounce. Second Class. — Newspapers, magazines and other periodicals, issued at stated in- tervals not exceeding three months, and not designed primarily for advertising pur- poses. One cent for each four ounces. Third Class. — Books, transient newspa- pers, periodicals, circulars, proof-sheets and manuscript accompanying same, and print- ed matter generally (except that belonging in the second class). Upon matter of this class, or on its wrapper, the sender may write his own name, preceded by the word '• from" ; may mark any printed passage to call attention to it; may write date, address and signature of circulars, correct typo- graphical errors, and write on cover or blank leaf of any book or other printed article of this class a simple dedication or presenta- tion inscription not in the nature of personal correspondence. One cent for each two ounces. FoiRTH Class. — Merchandise and other articles not liable to damage other mnil matter. Upon this matter the sender niav write his name and address, preceded by the word " frt)m," and may also write the quan- tities and names of articles inclosed. One cent for each ounce. Unmailable. — Liquids, poisons, explo- sives, oi^itments, pastes, fresh fruits and vegetables, animals alive or dead ; articles having an offensive odor, obscene and in- decent books, prints or other like articles. MisCELLANEois INFORMATION. — Letters and postal cards directed to a person who has removed, or is temporarily absent from his usual place of residence, will be for- warded, on his request, free of charge ; but drop letters can not be forwarded to other post-offices except on furtlier prepayment to an amount suflicient (with that already prepaid) to cover post^ige at three cents per half ounce. Postal-cards bearing on their face side any message, written or printed, other than the address, are unmailable, and will be returned to the senders. FoREiG.M Mails, Etc — Lett rs for foreign countries, composing the " Universal Postal Union," live cents for each half ounce — prepayment optional. Newspapers and other printed matter (including books, pam- phlets, commercial papers, photograjihs, sheet-music, maps, engravings, deeds, legal papers, and all documents wholly or partly in writing, and not in the nature of personal correspondence), and on samples of mer- chandise, one cent for each two ounces. CANADA (including Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba and Prince Edward's Island I — letters, two cents for each half bunce ; transient printed matter, one cent for each two ounces; second-class matter, same as in tlie United States ; samples of merchandise (no dutiable articles or articles of intrinsic value admitted), ten cents for each package, not exceeding eight ounces in weight — prepayment compulsory. Registr.\tion. — Letters and packages can be registered on payment of ten cents and full postage The name and address of the sender must be indorsed by him on each letter or package. Mail matter may be sent registered to any post-office in the L'nited States, Canada, or in any of the countries of the ' Universal Postal Union." Money Orders. — Money orders, limited to $50 each, payable in the United States, can be obtained at any iiost-office. Postal Notes payable to bearer for any sum fr im i cent to $4.99, inclusive, may be obtained at any monev-order office pav- aDie at any other money-order office in the United States which The sender mav de- signate. The fee tor a postal note is 3 cents. MY FIRST FRIEND.— After F. Barzaghi. GnAND Menan Island lies off the coast ol Maine, a little below Eastport, on the western side of the entrance to the Bay of Funily, which it narrows very materially. Carrying to an extreme that rocky charac- ter of the coast in which some ot the East- ern States so widely difter from the sandy- coasted and low-beached Middle and Southern States, the Grand Menan almost creates the idea of having been misplaced by Nature— cut off, say, from some portion of tlie wild and rock-bound scenery of the British Islands, around which the surf rages so differently from what it possibly can do against the shelving and unresistive sand of the lower latitudes, and of much of the Western continent even of the higher. "The Bishop " is a detached pillar of rock, whose gently inclined outline seems to greet the returning voyager. The Bay of Kundy is remarkable for its high tides, the tidal wave or bore, as it is called, often overtaking swine who are feeding on the shellfish, as 28 days, j rS c « o^ i^ II. HI. 8 9 5 10 8 11 8 iiiorii. 6 ■iV. 1 3 1 50 2 48 3 37 4 22 5 5 5 44 sets. N. 6 28 7 29 8 30 9 33 10 3(3 ]] 41 morn. 45 IQ. 1 48 2 48 3 43 1 4 .34 ' ^ 20 rises. K. it rushes with the speed of an express train from the ocean, rising from 40 to 60 ft. The bay is deep, but of difficult navigation ; it is 170 miles long and from 30 to 50 miles wide. The science of the e.akth has been the subject of philosophical speculation from the time of Homer, and this science is said to have been cultivated in ( hina many ages before the Christian era. When the theories and discoveries ol geologists were first pro- pounded, they were condemned as being opposed to the statements of the Bible ; bur in this enlightened age the Christian as- tronomer and geologist, in proportion as their minds are e.\panded by scientific in- vestigation, see the necessity of demon- strating that there is no collision between tile discoveries in the natural world and the inspired record. .Almanacs, or other books with calendars, hive been popular for many centuries. Resiomantus is supposed to have been in- debted for his formular of 1474, to the Persian almanacs. John Somer's Calendar, written ill Oxford, Eng., was published as early J. The almanac was canonized as St. Almachius in the Roman calendar. The pop- ular almanac in Shakspeare's time was puij- lislied liy Leon- ard Digges. In 1 85 1 Dr. Mc- < iowan, laboi- iiiL^ in China for the Mission- ary Union, pre- pared a philosophical almanac in the language of that country, exhibiting to the Chinese the realities of science, and particularly detailing the principles of the magnetic telegraph. Moore's Almanac, first published in "England in 1713, reached an annual sale of upwards of 500,000 copies. In the British Museum and universities are some curious specimens ot early almanacs. The smallest circular saw in practical use is a disk about the size of a five-cent piece, being employed for cutting slits in gold pens. They are about as thick as ordinary paper, and make 400 revolutions per minute, this high speed keep- ing them rigid, notwithstanding their extreme thinness. The Grand Trianon, the palace at Ver sailles where the unfortunate Marie Antoinetie used to give the famous parties which her ene- mies described as orgies, is an elegant outpost of its kingly neighbor, to whose magnificent grounds its own, fully as beautiful, are joined. Bounded by a fine hedge, many beautiful vistas are opened in every direction, the gaps being protected by (-litches which are not noticeable until one is al- most upon them. The statuary and fountains, though on a smaller scale than those of the king's palace, are very beautiful, and no more fitting scene for the gallantries of those days could be imagined. Here, on October 5, 1789, the mob invaded the privacy of the queen, and only her own intrepidity saved lier from violence. There are 3,985 paper mills in the world, producing every year 959,000 tons of clean paper. About one-half is printed on, and the other half is used for writing paper. Annually the various Government departments consume about 100,000 tons in official business, the schools 90,000 tons, commerce 120,000 tons, industry 90,000 tons, and private correspondence in all only 90,000 tons. V !;>^ " lllllli"i<>,Wie^JH i,!f \%'- '" ,//•//»;/"/' mm I VI •" ■ ;i>ii H I >tj A^A'^ ll ^ JHM^H^H^M^M^H^H^M^M^M^H^^M^M^HS^H^M^H^MJ S This picture of Rabun Gap furnishes but an inference of the many lovely views to be seen in Northern Georgia. The locality is very picturesque, composed of sloping hills, fertile valleys and winding streams, and is becoming a great resort for the pleasure-seeking public. All the way down the valley of the Tennessee River to Knoxville, and westward to Chat- tanooga and Huntsville, the scenery is most varied and clwrming, while the historic associa- tions cluster thickly on every hand. Lookout Mountain is a grand point for tourists, not only as one of the great landmarks of history, but as well for the natural beauties and the e.\hibit of the changes being wrought by recent enterprise ■and awakened activity, such as may now be witnessed in so many parts of the Great South. The sides of this famous old mountain are seamed and scarred by the onset and clash of almighiv forces, in contests which belittle the fiercest battles of man. Through the tangled forest and over the precipitous rocks dash waters of silvery purity, and a day's tramp will discover many unknown and neglected falls, which, if in the White Mountains or Cats- kills, would have been sung by poets and em- balmed in our literatu're. Since the manifest improvement during the past decade in the Southern railroad system these regions are be- coming better known, 3d Mo. MARCH ■ 31 days. ;^ .C >> > (A ut wi (U Noon. ■= S c « S CI > 5 3JQ 5 Wasli'ton M. Time. o ._ lf H. M. S. n. m. H. M. H. M. fiO 1 « 12 12 25 6 33 5 52 6 44 fil 2 M 12 12 13 6 32 5 53 7 49 62 3 Tu 12 12 6 30 5 54 8 51 68 4 vv 12 Jl 46 6 29 5 55 9 52 64 5 Th 12 11 .32 6 27 5 56 10 50 6,5 6 Fr 12 11 18 6 26 5 57 11 46 66 7 Sa 12 11 3 6 24 5 58 morn. 67 8 S?^ 12 10 48 6 2:i 5 59 39 3Q. 68 9 M 12 10 33 6 21 6 1 29 69 10 Tn 12 10 17 6 20 6 1 2 16 70 11 W 12 10 1 6 18 6 2 3 71 12 Th 12 9 45 6 17 6 3 3 40 72 13 Kr 12 9 28 6 15 6 4 4 18 73 14 Sa 12 9 12 6 14 6 5 4 54 74 15 « 12 8 54 6 12 6 6 5 28 7,5 16 M 12 8 37 6 10 6 7 sets. N. 76 17 Tu 12 8 20 6 9 6 8 7 23 77 18 W 12 8 2 6 7 6 9 8 27 78 19 Th 12 7 44 6 6 6 10 9 33 79 20 Fr 12 7 26 6 4 6 11 10 38 80 21 Sa 12 7 8 6 2 6 12 11 42 81 22 « 12 6 .50 6 1 6 13 morn 82 23 M 12 6 32 5 .59 6 14 42 W- 83 24 Tu 12 6 13 5 58 6 15 1 38 84 25 VV 12 5 .55 5 56 6 16 2 29 85 26 ■I'h 12 5 .36 5 55 6 17 3 15 86 27 Fr 12 5 18 5 .53 6 18 3 56 87 28 Sa \^ 4 .59 5 51 6 19 4 .34 88 29 « 12 4 41 5 .50 6 20 5 10 89 30 i\I 12 4 22 5 48 6 21 rises. K. 90 31 Tu 12 4 4 5 47 6 22 7 36 i3^-2^2^f^!^2H^^i^SfH^^;H=H=^=S^Zs;^^^s^^^^ p ' rJTi m m m m m w^ w,^ m \r'rjmm 102 103 104 105 106 lor 108 109 110 m 112 113 114 115 116 iir 118 119 l-,'0 n. iM . S. 12 3 46 12 3 28 12 3 10 12 2 52 12 2 34 12 2 17 12 2 13 1 43 12 1 26 12 1 10 1 12 54 12 38 12 23 12 8 11 59 53 11 59 39 11 59 25 11 59 11 31 58 58 11 58 45 11 58 33 11 58 21 11 58 9 n 57 58 11 57 47 11 57 37 11 57 28 II 57 18 11 57 10 11 57 2 5 28 5 27 5 21 5 20 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 33 6 34 6 35 6 36 6 37 6 38 6 39 6 40 6 41 6 42 6 43 6 44 6 45 G 46 6 47 6 J8 6^9 6 50 6 51 3 59 4 32 5 8 sets. 8 26 9 32 10 36 11 35 morn. 27 1 15 1 57 2 35 3 11 3 45 4 19 4 53 rises. 8 19 ly- The Unakas, a range ol mountains separat- ing Tennessee from North Carolina, equaling the Rocky Mountains at many points in rugged grandeur, and, many say, excelling them in beauty. They ar; carpeted with grasses or covered with numerous varieties of ferns and mosses, or with the mountain laurel, spruce, balsam, and the rich, red rhododendron and azalia. The beautiful French Broad River, rising in North Carolina, and running North- west, after getting above the famous resorts of Asheville and Warm Springs, cuts through the base of the Unakas, which here attain a height of 5,ooo feet oh each side of the river. The railroad runs for more than fifty miles along this river, frequently crossing it on substantial bridges, and giving full and magnificent views of this unrivaled scenery. ST. PETER'S AT ROME. — Pero.t. Pre-eminent among the Cliiislian temples of the world is St. Peter's, the work of many jiopes and architects, finally consecrated by Urban VIII. in 1626, which Gibbon calls "the most glorious structure that has ever l)een ajiplied to the use of religion." Externally the work, though magni- ficent in materials and dimensions, is disfigured l)y the prominence of the front added by Ma- derno, which almost hides from the near sjiecta- tor the principal feature — the vast and towering dome ; while, had the original plan of Bramante and Michael Angelo been followed, the whole dome would have been visible from the square before the church. But the dome itself and the interior of the edifice are held to be unrivaled in magnitude, proportion and decoration. The building occupied 175 years. The length of the interior is 613^ feet ; transept from vs'all to wall, 446'4 feet ; height of nave, 152^ feet. The dome, from the pavement to the base of the lan- tern, is 405 feet, to the top of the cross 44S feel. The dome of the Capitol at Washington is 307^4 feet to the top of the statue of liberty. HoRTicn/n^RiSTS have demonstrated that the smiplest flower that grows in the field can, through cultivation, be made to attain perfection. With most of us the love fov floriculture is innate, and in accordance with the extent it is developed so is our refinement expressed. Owing to the invention of the green -house we are not deprived of flowers in Winter, but they seem most appro- priate in the Spring time when all nature is alive to its duly. »It is then that the gardens yield their most attractive beauties, affording lucrative occupation to women and girls, who display and sell their products on the streets in large quan- tities to passers by. PREPARING FLOWERS FOR MARKET.- Robins M " The breaking waves dashed high on the stern and rock-bound coast," but to the earn- est, sea-toss'd I'ilgrims how cliarming must have been the primitive glories of the mountains and rivers of New England! No wonder that her sons have ever thought of her with love and regret wherever their adventurous wan- derings in search of fortune may have led. Other mountains may far o'ertop, other streams pour greater floods, but where are the charms of foliage and of clear purity that will rival these ? "Then, hurrah f6r old New England And her cloud-capp'd granite hills ! '' The ancient Romans on May-day used to go in processi&n to the grotto of Egeria. May-day has also been immeinorially observed in Eng- land as a rural festival ; and May-poles are in many places prolusely decorated with garlands wreathed in honor of the day. May received its name, some say, from Romulus, who gave it this appellation in respect to the Senators and nobles of his city, they being termed Majort-s. Others claim it was called Irom Mala, the mother of Mercury. The. application of a strong solution of chro- mic acid three or four times a day by means of a camel's-hair pencil is the best and easiest method of removing warts. , ;», ^^ >, u» t/i to 0) nj ^ nj :i c Q s Wasirton Wl. Time. o^ o -c 5°- H. M. S. h. m. H. M. H. M. 121 1 Kr 11 56 54 5 2 6 52 9 13 122 ■^ Sa 11 56 47 5 1 6 53 10 3 12a 3 « 11 .56 41 5 6 54 10 .50 124 4 M 1 1 56 35 4 .59 6 55 11 32 12.-> 5 111 1 1 56 29 4 58 6 56 mom 120 fi W 11 56 25 4 57 6 57 12 I2r 1 \'\\ 11 .56 21 4 ,56 6 .57 48 3 O. 128 H Fi 11 .56 17 4 54 58 1 23 129 9 .Sa 11 56 14 4 53 6 59 1 56 130 10 >-* U .50 12 4 .52 7 2 29 131 11 i\l II 56 10 4 51 7 1 3 3 132 12 Tu 11 .56 9 4 ,50 7 2 3 .39 133 13 VV 11 56 8 4 49 7 3 4 18 134 14 Th 11 56 8 4 49 7 4 sets. N. 13.-) I.-. l"r II .56 9 4 48 7 5 8 21 130 lU Sa 11 56 10 4 47 7 6 9 25 137 17 « 11 .56 11 4 46 7 7 10 22 I3S IS .\1 11 56 13 4 45 7 8 11 13 139 19 I'll 11 .56 16 4 44 7 8 11 .57 140 20 W 11 .56 19 4 43 7 9 lllOl 11 141 21 Th 1 1 56 23 4 43 7 10 37 1 O 142 22 Kr 1 1 56 27 4 42 7 11 1 14 143 23 Sa 11 .56 32 4 41 7 12 1 48 144 24 W 1 1 56 37 ' 4 41 7 13 2 21 14.5 2.5 M 1 1 56 43 4 40 7 13 2 54 14(5 2(1 Tu 11 56 49 4 39 7 14 3 29 147 27 W 1 1 56 56 4 .39 7 15 4 5 I4H 2K I'h 11 57 3 4 38 7 16 rises. V. 149 29 Vx n .57 11 4 38 7 17 7 58 150 30 Sa 11 .57 19 4 37 7 17 8 40 \:a 31 >s 11 .57 28 4 37 7 18 9 30 i 179 28 180 29 381 30 Noo S 2 c 'I' r /VasI to c o o =iQ: oq: i/i (/) 5 > H M S II M H M 11 M 11 o; ib 4 3b . 19 10 11 11 57 4b 4 ifa 7 19 10 48 11 57 5o 4 36 7 20 11 23 11 58 6 4 35 7 21 11 56 11 58 If) 4 35 7 21 morn. 8 11 58 27 4 35 7 22 28 11 58 38 4 35 7 23 1 1 11 58 49 4 34 7 23 1 34 11 59 1 4 34 7 24 2 11 11 59 13 4 U 7 24 2 51 1 1 59 25 4 34 7 25 3 37 1 1 59 37 4 34 7 25 sets. N 11 59 50 4 34 7 26 8 8 12 3 4 34 7 26 9 4 12 15 4 34 7 27 9 53 12 28 4 34 7 27 10 36 12 41 4 34 7 27 11 15 12 54 4 34 7 28 11 51 12 1 7 4 34 7 28 morn. 1 ( 12 1 20 4 34 7 28 24 12 ] 33 4 35 7 28 58 12 1 46 4 35 7 29 1 31 12 1 59 4 35 7 29 2 7 12 2 12 4 35 7 29 2 45 12 2 24 4 36 7 29 3 25 12 2 37 4 36 7 29 4 9 12 2 49 4 36 7 29 rises. F 12 3 1 4 37 7 29 8 11 12 3 13 4 37 7 29 8 49 12 3 25 4 37 7 29 9 25 MT. MANSFIELD.— Thos. Moran. Mount Mansfield, as seen in our cut, is one of the noble pealcs of the Vermont Green Mountains, and looms up grandly over the fer- tile plains and quiet loveliness of the Missis- quoi. It is the highest mountain in X'ermont, 4,279 feet above the sea. The mineral products of the Green Mountains are very valuable, in- cluding excellent iron ores, manganese, marble, slate, etc., proximity to a market giving value to products that would be lost for ages in the vast wilds of the Rockies and Sierras. The first prayer book of Edward V'l. came into use by authority of Parliament on Whit- Sunday, 1549. THE INDIGNANT ORPHANS. —Gustave Siis. This terrier has evidently in a fit of rage or- plianed an interesting brood, and then, as the leg and feathers imply, eaten his victim up. The poor motherless chicks are upbraiding him for his crime, and to judge from the expression of his face are producing in his mind a sense of remorse. In pictures of this kind Mr. .Sus, of whose paint- ing this is a reproduction, is well and favorably known to art lovers. The environs of Fl(5RE\ce, second in inter- est only to Rome and by many considered more attractive, are like beautiful gardens and abound in delightful places for excursions. There has for many years been quite a settlement of Ameri- can genius hereabouts— sculptors and artists — who for the healthful climate and art treasures, so nearly equal to those of the capital itself, pre- fer it for a place of residence. The Duomo, or cathedral church of Santa Maria del Fiore, is a vast and superb structure, which is surpassed in architectural grandeur only by St. Peter's at Rome. The length of the building is nearly 500 feet, and width of the united transepts 306 feet. The height of the nave is 153 feet. The dome of this cathedral is the largest in the world, its circumference being greater than that of St. Peter's, and its comparative height greater, though its base is not placed so high above the ground. From the pavement to the summit of the cross is 387 feet. This dome served as a model for that of St. Peter's. m *i^ V-^'} W v^ i es- ' -J ~^\ ^ _, _v^'' "^r^ 7th Mo. JULY. 31 days. PV^--~" ^i.^ RIVER SCENERY OF THE BLUE RIDGE From Norfolk starts the first division of the great iron band which reaches from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Soon alter leaving this enterprising seaport city, the tourist obtains evidence of Virginia's loveliness. Though time and change have plowed deep furrows in that beauty which gave the new-born earth its pristme grace, still Nature from her wondrous wealth impartially bestows unending favors on her worshippers ; and o"er earth's wide ex- panse are favored spots never to be effaced. Through the southern portion of the State, passing along the sides of wooded crests, into emerald vallej'S and by rushing streams, the railway has developed a beautiful section. >, .c >> v J-| )5 O o'^ ^Q ^ 5 5 1 182 1 W I8:i •t Th 184 3 Kr 185 4 Sa 18R 5 « 187 <; M 188 ;■ Tu 189 8 W 190 9 Th 191 10 Kr 192 11 Sa 1 19.-} 12 « 194 13 M 19.5 14 Vu 19() I.') \V 197 16 Th 198 17 Kr 199 18 Sa 200 19 « 201 20 IM 202 21 Tu •iO:i 22 VV 204 23 Th 20.T 24 Kr 206 2.5 Sa 207 26 « 208 27 M 209 28 Tu 210 2!) ^^' 211 30 Th •12 31 Kr Noon. Wasirton M. Time. 12 3 36 12 3 48 12 3 59 12 4 9 12 6 2 12 6 6 12 6 9 12 6 11 12 6 13 12 6 14 12 6 14 II. M. 4 38 4 39 4 39 4 40 r 22 r 21 7 17 c <" °CC 5 M. M. 9 58 10 30 11 2 11 34 morn. 8 45 1 27 2 15 3 10 4 12 sets. 8 29 9 11 9 49 10 25 10 59 11 34 morn 9 46 1 25 2 8 3 54 3 48 rises. 8 1 8 34 9 6 9 37 3Q. IQ- KANNARRO CANON. Kamiarro is a small Mormon village in south- ern Utah, nestling at the foot of lofty mountains and near the terminus of the ranges extending south from Salt Lake City. The canon is some six or eight miles south of the village, and it is in 'ihis canon that the tourist receives the first hint of that glorious region to the south, the canon of the Colorado River of the West. Here are first seen those wonderful masses of red sandstone thr-t, a little further south, become overwhelm- ingly stupendous, staggering belief in then- vast- ness and magnificent forms. Colburn's Butte is 2,000 feet high and of a brilliant vermilion hue. It is equally grand and beautiful in storm or suilshine. In connection with this beautiful scenery we may call attention to the wonderful clearness* of the Western atmosphere. Untainted by the smoke of great cities or fogs of the warm coast regions, it is clear and sparkling as a crystal, utterly deceptive as to distances ; thirty or forty miles appear to a person, not accustomed to the region, as no more than eight or ten miles. The same optical delusion affects heights and depths, the novice being quite unable to approximate to correct measurements with the eye. The climate is lovely, though most of the country in these mountain valleys is a desert until irrigation is in- troduced. The numerous streams that flow from the mountains are finally lost in the parch- ing soil, which is sandy and very absorbeni. Eleven thousand newspapers and periodicals are publislied in the United States. New York has the largest number of any State, viz., 1,411, and next comes Illinois with 1,017. Pennsylvania ranks third with 973, and afterwards, in order, are Ohio, Iowa and Missouri. Six hundred and forty of these papers are pub- lished in German, forty-nine in Danish and Scandinavian, and forty- one in French ; five Welsh, three Chinese, three Indian and one in. Irish. Since the conquest of Mexico by Europeans there has been no cessa- tion of work in the gold and silver mines of the country. Under Span- ish rule, or from 1537 to 1821, the value of silver produced exceeded 10,431,348,5 I5f., and that of gold 343,842,055^ Since the independ- ence of Mexico, dating from 1821 to 1880, the value of silver extracted amounted to 4,503, 291, 545f., and that of gold to 247,068,930?. Since 1537 to 1880 the average annual pro- duction of gold and silver has been about 45,300,ooof. An authority on the suljject states that it only requires an improved method of extracting the ore to raise Mexico to the first rank of countries to which the world looks for its supply of the precious metals. Some land in the city of London has been sold at the rate of $3,300,000 an acre. Californl\ produces half the quicksilver in the world — 100,222,267 pounds in the last thirty years, of wliich two- thirds went abroad. M. B.WEKET W,\TEL Considers systems of irrigation as the cause of a sweeping destructimi of fish. The fry go into the channels and die when the water is withdrawn suddenly. " God Save the Queen " has been translated into all the dialects of India. , / I ' ' m'i rv.^.. lli-;^f,;,|,].,. ,,;'"1';^ i COLBURN'S BUTTE. — Thomas Moran. 1 3r 3X i 3XJ The Wild T'asses of the Shenandoah \'ai.- iEV are particularly noticeable because of ilic extensive vistas they lead to. This valley is quite properly called "The Garden of X'irginia." since it is made up of all the features essentiiil to the picturesque. In addition it possesses phenomena most wonderful to contemplate. Here are the celebrated Caverns of Luray and that world-renowned arch. The Natural Bridge of Virginia, ^^'hen you have explored the re- cesses of one and crossed the other you have held closer relationship with Dame Nature than ever before. September should be called the month of many names. The Roman Senate would have given it the name of Tiberius, but that Em- peror opposed it ; the Emperor Domitian gave it his own name, Germanicus ; the Senate under Antoninus I'ius gave it that of Antoninus; Commodusgave it his surname, Herculeus ; and the Emperor Tacitus his own name, Tacitus. 9th Mo . SEPTEMBER. 30 days. 1 ^ ti3 ^ r3 Noon. (U 0) C WJ So >- 1 5 Wasli'toii M. Time. C U1 • ° cr 5 1- H. M. S. H. M. H. M H. M. 244 1 Tu ] 1 .59 42 5 29 6 .30 10 52 245 o V\' n .59 23 5 30 6 28 11 43 3U. 246 3 Th n 59 3 5 31 6 27 morn. 247 4 Kr 11 58 44 5 32 6 25 42 248 5 Sa 11 58 24 5 33 6 24 1 40 249 6 H 11 .58 4 5 34 6 22 2 .54 2.50 7 M 11 .57 44 5 35 6 21 4 3 251 8 Tu 1 1 57 23 5 .36 6 19 . sets. N. 2.52 9 W 11 .57 3 5 37 6 17 6 51 258 10 Th 1 1 .56 42 5 37 6 16 7 28 254 11 Kr 11 56 22 5 38 6 14 8 4 255 12 Sa 11 56 1 5 39 6 13 8 41 256 13 « 11 55 40 5 40 6 11 9 20 257 14 M U .55 19 5 41 6 10 10 1 258 15 Tu 11 .54 58 5 42 6 8 10 46 259 16 VV 1 1 54 36 5 43 6 6 11 33 U). 260 17 Th 11 .54 15 5 44 6 5 morn. 261 18 Kr 11 .53 .54 5 45 6 3 22 262 19 Sa 11 .53 33 5 46 6 2 1 14 263 20 « 11 .53 12 5 46 6 2 9 264 21 M 11 .52 51 5 47 5 58 3 5 265 22 Tu 11 .52 30 5 48 5 57 4 2 266 23 W 11 .52 9 5 49 5 55 5 1 267 24 Th 11 51 48 5 50 5 ,53 rises. K. 268 25 Kr 11 51 28 5 51 5 .52 6 48 269 26 Sa 11 51 7 5 52 5 50 7 25 270 27 « 11 50 47 5 53 5 49 8 5 271 28 M 11 50 27 5 54 5 47 8 .50 272 29 Tu 11 50 7 5 55 5 45 9 40 273 30 VV 11 49 48 5 56 5 44 10 35 f ii X. n XT IC Hm-HHI-HHI-HNl-HHI-:^Hk-IUk-ltfPTH -^ :^> >, -^ ra Noon. 0) ■^ C ^ c ^ > o 5 Wasirton M.Time, 5i C/5 CIO 3 |E 1^ 11. M. S. H. HI. H. M. H. M. 374 1 Til 11 49 39 5 57 5 42 11 30 3g. 1375 Fr 11 49 10 5 58 5 41 morn. 270 3 Sa n 48 52 5 59 5 39 41 377 4 H 11 48 34 5 59 5 38 1 47 37S 5 M 11 48 16 6 5 36 2 55 •J7'.l C Tu 11 47 59 6 1 5 35 4 3 ■,'so 7 A\' 11 47 42 6 2 5 33 5 9 3S1 8 'I'll 11 47 25 6 3 5 32 sets. N. 3S3 9 Fr 11 47 9 6 4 5 30 6 35 383 10 Sa 11 40 54 6 5 5 29 7 14 3S4 11 !r» 11 46 39 6 6 5 27 7 55 ■38") 13 M 11 40 24 7 5 30 8 38 3S(> 13 Tu 11 40 10 6 8 5 24 9 25 3S7 14 A\- 11 45 56 6 9 5 23 10 14 3HS ir, Til 11 45 43 10 5 21 11 5 ly- 3S'.t 10 Fr 11 45 31 11 5 20 11 58 3110 17 Sa 11 45 19 6 12 5 18 morn. 3!tl 18 H 11 45 8 6 13 5 17 53 31 13 nt M 11 44 57 6 14 5 16 1 50 3'.):i 30 Til 11 44 47 6 15 5 14 2 47 31)4 31 W 11 44 37 6 16 5 13 3 47 3i)5 33 Th 11 44 28 6 17 5 12 4 48 3'.)G 33 Fr 11 44 20 6 19 5 10 rises. F. 397 24 Sa 11 44 13 6 20 5 9 6 2 39S 25 S 11 44 6 6 21 5 8 6 46 3'. til 31 ; M 11 44 22 5. 7 35 :iOO' 37 Tu tl 43 55 6 23 5 5 8 30 .■-iOl 38 W 11 43 51 6 24 5 4 9 30 .'103 39 Th 11 43 47 6 25 5 3 10 33 •■^03 30 Fr 1 1 43 44 6 30 5 3 11 39 3Q. 304 31 Sa 11 43 43 37 5 morn. ^.S*'^^ VETA PASS. To the civil engineer Colorado has extraordi- nary things to show. Her railroads, passing through canyons thousands of feet deep, or over mountain passes above the clouds, are ac- knowledged by all who have ever seen them to be triumphs of engineering skill that have not only never been equaled, but have never even been approached. For sharp curves and steep grades, without which a road over the moun- tains would be impossible, the Denver and Rio Grande railway is one of the wonders of the world. A few years ago it would have been considered madness to attempt what its daring engineers have accomplished, not in an isolated instance onl>, but in a score of cases where the topography of the country seemed to defy further advance. We need mention only a few instances, such as Fremont's Pass, Marshall Pass and Tennessee Pass, where the iron horse mounts to an altitude of over io,ooo feet; the Royal Gorge of the Arkansas, where the chan- nel is so narrow and the river so rapid that genius resorted to the expedient of suspending a bridge from truss-work fastened in the walls of the canyon ; and Toltec Gorge, where, after passing through a tunnel bored through the solid rock, the train moves along the brink of a >,<*rr ~Z^^, &^ ''!«'5t^ CASTLE ■WARTBURG.— C. Hein. chasm l,2oO feet above I.os Finns Creek below. But more wonderful still is ihe Pass of La Vela, where, after makint^ the shortest curve on any railway m the world, llie train ascends the mountain siile on a ^rade from 21 1 to 217 feet per mile. A NEW adulterant of >;round jiepper is a finely eround preparation of tiie kernels of olive berries. If a sample of the suspected mixture is scattered uDon a mixture of equal volumes of glycerine and water, the pepper floats upon the surface while the crround olive kernels sink. It was in Castle Wartburc;, at Eisenach, that Luther found refuge after the Diet of Worms, and occupied his time with his translation of the Bible. Thiswasin 1521-22. The castle was built about 1070, by Louis, landgrave of Thuringia, and it was the residence of his successors for nearly four centuries. The site, a wooded hill, surrounded by rocky glens, is extremely picturesque. The castle was thoroughly re- stored in 1847, and adorned by Moritz von Schvvind with frescoes illustrative of its history. In 1867 was celebrated the eighth centenary of its foundation. A FLIRTATION.— Rudeaux. I l'i:i,pn ko( Ks are well-knouii Icalurcs ot tht scenery near Round Island, on the Sinnema- honing, a tributary of the Susquehanna, no miles from Sunbury, I'a. Near here is a very beautiful waterfall, 24 feet high. Landscape artists find in Pennsylvania varied and interest- ing subjects for their canvas, and tourists from all over the world are delighted with the charms of nature and the fieifection of modern comforts and facilities of travel in the wildest and most romantic regions. The first coach in Scotland was brought thither in 1561, when Queen Mary came from France. It belonged to Alexander, Lord Seaton. 319 320 321 322 32.3 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 M Tu \\' Th Kr ; Sa S ' M I Tul VV Th Fr Sa 11 U 51 11 45 2 n 45 14 11 45 27 11 45 41 n 45 55 11 46 10 11 46 26 11 46 43 11 47 1 11 47 19 11 47 38 1147 58 11 48 19 6 44 6 45 6 46 6 47 6 48 6 49 6 50 6 51 6 52 6 53 6 55 6 56 6 57 6 4 46 4 45 4 45 4 44 4 43 4 43 4 42 4 42 4 41 4 41 4 40 4 40 4 40 4 39 morn 33 1 31 2 31 3 32 4 36 5 42 rises. 6 18 7 18 8 23 9 30 10 37 11 44 *^-^ ^fSlFLFlSTSlSlSTSlElElSlFLFlSlFLEISiriSlS^^ g 12ih M 0. DECEMBER. 31 days. J :5 5 -^ iT IJoo,,. i " " c o r - > c Q 5 Wash'ioii M. Time. 5i C (/) |a: il H. M. S. 11. HI. U. M. H. M. a.-i5 1 Til ]] 49 25 7 1 4 39 1 53 yyi; o W 11 49 48 7 2 4 38 2 55 y;j; 3 Th 11 50 12 7 2 4.38 3 57 ;j.'is 4 Kr 11 50 37 7 3 4 38 4 57 3:ilt 5 Sa 11 51 2 7 4 4 38 5 55 ;wo 6 « 11 51 28 7 5 4 38 sets. N. ;«i 7 i\l 11 51 54 7 6 4 38 5 57 :i4-i 8 I'll 11 52 21 7 T 4 38 6 47 .S43 9 U' 11 53 48 7 8 4 88 7 39 844 30 I'll 11 53 15 7 4 38 8 32 .■M.T n hi- 11 53 43 7 9 4 38 9 27 .■«t; Vi Sa 11 54 11 7 10 4 39 10 22 347 Vi )i« 11 54 40 7 11 4 39 11 19 ;i4,s 14 ;\1 11 55 9 7 12 4 39 morn. 1 V. ■U!l 15 •I'll 11 55 38 7 12 4 39 16 ■ir-o 10 W 11 56 7 7 13 4 40 1 15 ■!."") 1 ir Til 11 56 37 7 14 4 40 2 16 •■:.v^ IS Kr 11 57 6 7 14 4 40 3 20 ■■i:,H 19 Sa 11 57 36 7 15 4 41 4 25 ■AM 20 « 11 58 6 7 15 4 41 5 32 .'155 yi M 11 58 35 7 16 4 42 rises. V. •■iMl •M I'll ^} 59 5 7 16 4 42 6 4 .'157' •si W 11 59 35 r 17 4 43 7 12 858 a4 I'll 12 5 7 17 4 44 8 22 .■■(5!) a5 Kr 12 35 •7 17 4 44 9 32 8GU aii Sa 12 1 5 7 18 4 45 10 40 8fil 27 « 12 1 34 7 18 4 45 11 45 o(W 2,S M 12 2 3 7 18 4 46 morn. ^). •it;8 29 Tu 12 2 33 7 19 4 47 49 ^i;4 30 W 12 3 2 7 19 4 48 1 51 iGo 31 Th 12 3 30 7 19 4 48 2 51 1 Sai.vt Nicholas, Bishop of Myra.died about A. D. 340. He is invoked as the patron of sail- ors, merchants, travelers and captives, and the guardian of schoolboys, girls and children. In the Greek Church he ranks immediately after the great fathers. He has been reverenced in the West of Europe since the tenth century, and became one of the favorite patron saints of Italy and Northern Europe about the begin- ning of the twelfth. Christmas, as any one not acquainted with the fact might infer, is taken from the title, Christ, which was added to the name of Jesus, to express that he was the Messiah, or'" The Anointed." St. Clement, the earliest father, according to St. Epiphanius, fixed the birth of Christ on the i8th of November, in the 28th year of Augustus, /. e., two years before the Christian era, as adopted in the sixth century. The date now most generally accepted is Mon- day, December 25, A. M. 4,004, in the year of Rome 752. The divinity of Jesus Christ was adopted by the Council of Nice in A. D. 325, by two hundred and ninety-nine bishops against eighteen. l^f^JZ[EI?JET^I^J^J^JdIRI2IET^J^^^ LAS VEGAS HOT SPRINGS. A JAUNT THROUGH New MEXICO reveals to the traveler a wonderful country, which the most glowing words cannot do justice to. Composed of mountain and canon, giant forest, great falls, inexhaustible water-courses and health-giving springs, the scope for description is unlimited, but the multiplicity of phases defy our language. Through this section of our country civilization has closely followed the building of the railroad. Enterprising people have migrated into and scattered themselves over the surface, and towns have sprung up and grown as if by magic. Ho- tels bearing the stamp more or less distinctly of Eastern progressiveness are now seen, where for- merly, if at all, log, adobe and mud structures existed. The progress made in New Mexico has excited great interest, and, combined with the natural attractions, is rapidly gaining accession from the outside world. The floating population which pours through St. Louis on its way to the Pacific are thus afforded much to delight them en route, and seekers after health and pleasure alight here and there with beneficial and gratify- ing results.* From Atchison or Kansas City, a ride of less than forty hours in luxuriant palace-cars, com- bining every comfort, conveys the tourist to Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, in the pine-clad foot-hills of the Spanish Range of the Rocky Mountains — a spot which seems to have been designed by Nature for the very purpose it is used. Las Vegas, meaning "the meadows," lies on a lieautiful plateau comprising thirty acres or more of almost level surface. Stony clitts tower above it several hundred feet in the air, and a splashing stream — the river Gallinas — passes through it, flowing cold and swift from the snowy peaks of the Rockies. Here are a series of the most remarkabl* springs yet discovered in the land, and known to possess all the curative properties of the Arkansas Hot Springs, together with a climate dry and pure, and an electric atmosphere entirely free fnmi malaria. A comparison of these waters with the world-renowned healing waters of Karl.-bad, Germany, shows them to be almost identical in analysis. Former visitors at "The Montezuma," the famous Las Vegas Hot Springs hotel, which was burned down last year, v»ill be pleased to learn that a new "Montezuma" (which we illustrate) has been erected on a grander and more mag- nificent scale. The material is the beautiful red and white granite which forms the picturesque blufis of the CJallinas and is so abundant at the Springs. It is situated on an elevation com- manding a magnificent view of the Gallinas Canon. It is absolutely fireproof, and everything that the former hotel contributed to the pleasure and comfort of guests has been retained, and many new improvements added. Elegant and complete accommodations for 300 guests are now provided, and invalids receive the same kindly care and have every facility for enjoying the baths as formerly. Encouraged by the flattering patronage of past seasons, no cost has been spared to more than maintain the well-won reputation of the "l\Ion- tezuma " as one of the best inns between the Missouri and the Pacific, and the railroad com- pany to whom this building is due desei-ves the thanks of the jiublic for their enterprise. The schedules of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad furnish all necessary directions for reach- ing this resort. A FLORIDA HUMMOCK. -J. D. Woodward. PICCOLO. A Florida Hummock is a stretch of fertile and timbered land, on which grow in luxuriant profusion oaks, magnolias and laurels, also fig, orange, lemon, and numerous other fruit trees. The flowery kingdom is represented by hundreds of varieties, making the air redolent with perfume. Springs of pure water bubble up from the soil, forming crystal basins and sparkling rills. " Eenty, meenty, minety, mo," and "Eny, meeny, mony, mike," which children recite in some of their games and commonly considered gibberish, are in reality remnants of (he language of the earliest inhabitants of the British Isles. Dresses in the sixteenth century were costly articles, rich in gold embroidery and valuable material, as the relics tha:t have come down to us still show. Much art was expended on embroidery and delicate needlework, in which the skill of the worker was generally in advance of the taste of the designer. It may be of interest to know that Queen Elizabeth possessed a dress embroidered in a pattern of eyes and ears, and a yet more uncomfortable garment was manufactured at a little later date, viz., a robe worked in eyelet- holes, with the needle wUh which each hole was worked hanging to it by a thread. Perhaps our lady friends can revive the style ? m mm Mm ' iliii' PICCOLA. In some of the Latin tongues of Southern Europe — the Italian especially, and the French in a similar degree, tliough in different modes — the terminations of words have great influence in explaining their meaning, and those of proper names actually determine their sex, as do the French prefixes " Le " and "La " tell to a cer- tainty whether a man or a woman is being spoken of. In Italian the most marked differ- ence is to be found in the "o " or "a" of the termination. In the pictures "Piccolo" and " Piccola " we have illustrations of this differ- ence, equally evident in the names and the per- sonalities. They are both Italian children, and srreatly illustrate the brunette and dark-eyed beauty of the land of poetry and song. An exchange calls attention to the immense utility of the cocoanut as food rations, and the valuable qualities which it has for supplying nutrition. Two men once drifted in a whale- boat to an island, where they remained for seven years before they were taken oft". They had no food beyond a chance flying fish and cocoanuts, and yet when they were rescued they were in excellent condition and had gained considerably in weight. England has $10,000,000,000 invested abroad. PRIZE PxECIPES May's Crullars. — 2 cups sugar, 2 eggs, i cup buttermilk (or sweet), i teaspoonful soda, 2 teaspoonfuls cream tartar, 6 tablespoonfuls melted lard, salt and nutmeg. Not too stiff. Cottage Pudding.— i pint flour, i teacup milk, I egg, ^ teacup sugar, i teaspoonful soda, 2 teaspoonfuls cream tartar, salt. Either soft or hard sauce. Sponge Cake. — 8 eggs, i pound sugar, ^ pound ffour, the grated rind of i lemon, or juice of ^ lemon and salt. Brown Bread. —i cup sponge, i cup corn meal, 2 cups coarse flour, 2 tablespoonfuls molasses, a little salt ; wet with milk. Stir stiff as you can. Let stand in pans till raised. To Can Fruit. — i teacup sugar to i quart fruit, and very little water. Sweet Pickling.— 3 pounds of sugar to 7 pounds of fruit and i pint of vinegar ; cinnamon ; and stick 3 cloves in each fniit. Marble Cakk— Light Part.— i cup white sugar, jA, cup butter, ^ cup milk, whites of 3 eggs, 2 cups flour, ^ teaspoonful baking powder. Dark Part. — ^ cup brown sugar, j^ cup butter, y^ cup molasses, U cup milk, yolks of 3 eggs, I nutmeg, 2 cups flour, 2 teaspoonfuls cinnamon, i or 2 teaspoonfuls allspice, j4 teaspoonful baking powder, salt. Corn Bread. — i quart Indian meal, 3 hand- fuls flour, 3 teacups sour milk, I teacup sugar or molasses or half and half, butter size of egg, 2 eggs, I teaspoonful soda. Roll Jelly Cake. — 4 eggs, i cup sugar, i cup flour, I teaspoonful baking powder, salt. Bake in quick oven. Spread jelly on bottom of cake while hot ; then roll. Household Measures. — i pound flour=i quart; 18 oz. meal=i quart; i pound butter=:i pint; I pound sugar=i pint; 10 eggs=il pound. Strawberry Ice Cream. — Rub i pint of strawberries through sieve, add I pint of cream, 4 oz. powdered sugar, and freeze it. Suet Pudding.^ i cup chopped suet, i cup raisins, i cup molasses, i cup milk, 3 cups flour, I teaspoonful of baking powder, salt. Boil 3 hours. Grandma's Doughnuts. — 6 cups dough, I cup sugar, 3 or 4 tablespoonfuls melted lard, i egg, 14. teaspoonful of baking powder ; salt and cinnamon. After cutting let stand for an hour before frying. Quick Biscuit. — 3 cups flour, i cup milk, i tablespoonful of butter, 2 teaspoonfuls baking powder ; salt. Ginger Snaps — 2 cups molasses, i cup shortening, I teaspoonful of baking powder, i teaspoonful ginger ; salt. Angel Cake. — i^ teacups pulverized jugar, I teacup flour, whites 10 eggs ; ^2 teaspoonful baking powder ; salt and flavor. Fruit Cake. —2 cups butter, 3 cups sugar, 2,% cups flour, 8 eggs, i pound raisins, i pound citron, i teaspoonful cloves, i teaspoonful cinna- mon, I nutmeg or a little mace, i gill brand v or milk. Corn Cake. — ^ cup sugar, i tablespoonful butter, 4 eggs, i teaspoonful baking powder, i cup flour, I quart milk. Thicken with Indian meal. Puff Overs. — 2 cups sweet milk, 2 cups flour, 2 eggs, salt. Bake 15 minutes in quick oven. Eureka Pound Cake. — 4 cups flour, 4 cups sugar, 2 cups butter, 6 eggs, i cup milk, 2 tea- spoonfuls baking powder. Bermuda Cake. — 2 cups molasses, i cup sugar, I cup butter, i cup milk, i^ pound raisins, ^ pound citron, i nutmeg cloves and cinnamon. 8 eggs, 4 cups flour. Rice Pudding Without Eggs. — 2 quarts milk, i^ to 2 teacups rice, i teacup sugar, i tea- cup raisins, butter size of an egg, nutmeg. Bake 2 hours. Sugar Cookies. — 2 cups sugar, i cup butter, I cup milk, 2 eggs, i teaspoonful baking powder, I nutmeg, flour to roll soft, salt. Corn Fritters. — i dozen ears sweet corn, 2 tablespoonfuls flour, 3 eggs, salt, little milk. Fry in sweet lard. Orange for Layer Cake.— 4 oranges, grated ; whites of 2 eggs, 2 tablespoonfuls water, ij4 cups sugar. Boil eggs, sugar and water to- gether 15 minutes; then mix with orange ; then spread . Ripe Tomato Pickles.— 2 gallons tomatoes, peeled, not sliced ; i pint vinegar, 2 pounds sugar. Mace, nutmeg and cinnamon to taste. To Make Coffee — Boiled. — ^ pint ground coffee, I quart boiling water, white of one egg and shell of same. Jelly Water. — i large teaspoonful currant or cranberry jelly, i goblet ice water. Beat up well for fever patient. Wild cherry or black- berry jelly is excellent, prepared same, for sum- mer complaint. WiNE Whey. — i pint boihng milk, i large glass pale wine, poured in when milk is hot. Boil up once ; remove from fire and let cool. Do not stir after wine is in. When curd forms, draw off whey and sweeten. To Wash Doubtful Calicoes. — Put tea- spoonful of sugar of lead in pail of water ; soak 15 minutes before washing. Antidote to Poison.— For any poison swallow instantly a glass of cold water with tea- spoonful salt and teaspoonful ground mustard stirred in. This is a speedy emetic. When it has acted swallow whites of two raw eggs. Cologne Water. — i drachm oil lavender, I drachm oil bergamot, 2 drachms oil lemon. 2 drachms oil rosemary, 50 drops tincture mu-^k, 8 drops oil cinnamon, 8 drops oil cloves, i pint alcohol. THE BLADE A N N U A I — AND— HISTORY OF CLOUD COL NT Y. Bv J. M. HAGAMAN. As time widens tho distanco bctwoiMi -thick and Ihinr in spite of scalpinjx tiie past and present, so in proportion Indians, droutli and .grasshoppers. Tlie does the past become of interest to those nien, their wives and families Avho did now living. We look upon scenes of to- this, were tho.se who established thei. day with cold indifference that a geuer- homes on Elm Creek, Julv loth 1800." ation hence will ransack the records to Attemps at settlement were made in the find the smallest information concern- spring of this year at Elk Creek, Lake ing. So when the stiring scenes on this Sibley, Wolf Cree and Elm Creek, but border were being enacted; when the all of these M-ere abandoned by those buffalo covered every hill and valley; the ^vho made them, the first and last being brutal savage, with tomahawk and scalp- the only ones that can, with propriety, ing knife, menaced the few and scattered be said to have been continuous. For settlers, many things occurred that were during a portion of the month of August deemed by them of but passing mo- the only persons living in the county ment, that would be read by strangers ^ypre the residents of Elm Creek. hence, with quickening interest. In the This was the "great famine year" so excitement of battle the expiring words heralded over the world, the "poor set- of a comrade "tell my mother I died a tiers being driven from slarvatiton to the soldier's death" is scarcely more than eating of rat-^! + About the first of May heard by his brother soldier, but as a drouth set in which lasted till the last time rolls on, —an age has past— and week in Jnly, when copious showers the whispered words of the dying youth fell. During the intervening period there have echoed among hills and valleys ^as no rain and sod corn planted in around the earth. And very much like May and June did not sprout until the this is there in the experience of the front- July rains. And yet in the creek and iersman. He will hear of a mas- nver bottoms in the county grass was sacre where whole families have growing luxuriantly, trees were robed been murdered by the savages, in brightest green and the black walnut and so little thought does he take was loaded with fruit; along the numer- of those to come after him that he does ous creeks gooseberry bushes bent under not even jot down the date where it oc- their ripened fruit, while the wild grape curred! Of the present he cares some- hung in festoons from the treetops and thing, of the future, nothing. "Let the spread far and wide over the timberless 'future' take care of itself," is his motto, river bottoms. Surely all these could not For this neglect many important events have been without seasonable rains? of early life on this border will remain But the uplands werein amelanchoUy untold; or will be indifferently told; contrast with the scenery just described, and many others will be forever mute Here was seen, in the seared grass and for another reason, — tliere are none but the actors to tell them. Thev are not • j. m. iia-aurin, wir,- ana on.' chilli; .). .m egotists and will not therefore speak. '^;.\\';'|;-,;V,|,V;.;1irL'' '^ Our first inquiry is "When and where was the first settlement made V . .,., . . .,,•,, ^ i , Avoiding debatable ground as much «'Iipsi \,i, . - . , , . , saw ill it a fliaiu-e lor fi sensation and he ini- m my judgment, no right to this honor proved it He wc-nt mst ami toUi the story Thnf roate nr clinnlrl rt>cf niinn thn«o with much pathos and secured many a two (t(d- inat rests, Ol SllOUia re.>,t, upon tnose ,j^,.^ j.,„. ,■',. i,i,„sel|- ami lilty eeln-< for Ihe Viho fjiettled and stayed here, througVv '• Kansas suuvrers." HISTORY OF Cl^ori) COrNTY. cniL-keil ciirtli, the too t'oii\ iiu-iii^ t'vi- doncc of jji'otrafti'd drouth. Yet tho true pioneer was undismayed In' this re- })idsive condition of the ii])lands, — there was enouj^rh of the valley hinds to main- tain a large ijopulation, and whether these woulil do for farming ))uri)oses or not "he would N^/y and make the mos( ofit.""- On the hills grazetl millions of the noble bison and in the slender timber lines along the numerous streams hovered innumerable floeks of wild turkeys. The elk, the deer, the anti- lope, the grey wolf and the coyote, skipped and jdayed, fed and hunted on the broad i)rairies and in the timber; an occasional flock of grou.se \vere start- led from the ])rairies, lish in abundance were foiuid in the Re])ublican river, and along its banks, and likewise it> numer- ous tributaries, otters, and coons hunt- ed tlu' tinny tribe and the sagacious beaver felled trees and fed ui)on the bark of the liml)s, l)uiltdanis across the streamlets, to conceal the entr.,nccs to their h(uises, and s])orted in the dam- med \i]) waters. What a ])aradise was this for the hunter! What a magnificent country in which to establish a homel It was no doubt true that occasionally the clouds would fail to sufficiently con- dense to i)recipitat(» rain, Inil tiie splen- ilid growth of timl)cr, of shrubbery, of the suntlower on the liighest of lands ail told quite truley that seasonable rains were necessary to produce them. "Tickle the' earth and she smile> a croji" is as old a saying as Egy])t is old, l»ut it was as true of this coiuity during the first seven yeai's of its settlement as ever it was of that "grainery of the world" in liie days of tiu' banislicd dose])'!. Tlu- sp/ing of ISIil opened out with tiu' briglilest of ])ros])ects for a good crop season. The winter had witnessed a two f(H't fall of snow, and the last of February warm rain Ix'gan to fall, the snow soon de))aried, tlu' frost left the ground and the oth of March the cattle of the .settlers fed upon the young and tender gra-s to the satisfying of their ai)])etites. Early in April the soil was IM-epareil for wheat and \)\ the 10th that cereal v.as sown for the tirst time in the Rej)iiblican Valley. It l)ronght forth abundant grain — JJO bushels to tlu' acre bein.g tlu' actual yield, and of the very best (|nalily. A> .■>oon as practic:'.- lile tlu' virgin prairie, tluit had never lie- t'ore in tiie myriads ofages past, been touclu'd l)v (he hand of cultivation, wa-^ \i\ iiiiiiiiii'i -1, 1,1 ['n^ \ :i riiMUiir.il |i.i,|ii-. ■-. tlnl lln'\ \\ '•.'.U\ il'. <.' I lii.|i.-\."t tli'V V, ,m1.I Ik llljlc a> 111!' i iiinnu 1. 1 A .Ti' \ i';\- iiriiMi (U\ iili'il li I' Uii- iiiil;i:iil- I'n- tl:;- iln- in;ij.rril\ ii:.--i-iin,L:-. r >;r.i/.iii>;\ wliiU' ntliiTs ViV all l):irp >>('S.M - \ ;il;l - I'ls !1. turned over and in its l)os(mi was de- posited the germ of the future corn crop. Potatoes, turnips, and the usual "garden truck" of eastern civilization received ])roper attention, and in all was thei-e a l)ounteous yield, so that the autumn of 1^(51 found our infant colony with enough and to spare of the most e -^ential of the ])roducts of the soil. But now that they have raised corn ;.nd wheat whither will they go to grind it? Council (irove, 90 miles, Table Rock, 110 miles, were tiie nearest mills and to the tirst they went with their wheat and corn. T'edious trijis were lliesein these early days when roads were almost imknown and bridges there were none, Now that they have a crop can they market it? No'l Not a dollar's worth of any produce did a num of this settle- ment sell in Cloud (SJiirley) county foi' the tirst three years of its settlement. They sold, or rather bartered in distant towns for goods they had to have, bm the prices of the goods were very high and the price of their products very low. We will mention one ca.se as an illustra- tion of this "dicker." Sto])ping at ^larysville on their return from one of these trii)s to mill, the ])arty of three exchanged some tlour for goods. Among the articles exehauged for was a pair of "goof kij) ijoots," astheger- man Jew called them, and if he had just addeil "good for nothing," he t would have told, probably, more truth lian he had previcnisly told for a month, lie ])Ut them on and went on a liutValo hunt and the fourth day he was w(>ar- ing moccasins cut from the skin off" the knee,-, of abuttalol Lucky too, in getting the builalo, for the l)oots had teetotall\ failed — the' insoles lieing made of pa])erl Three dollars per hundred was the j)rice agreed to l)e ])aid for the flour, Itut which in fact, did not amount to the half of that in value. And yet we hold to day, in very high regard, that (Ger- man Jew, for we had to have some goods, at whatever sacrifice, and he was the only man in the hundred miles of travel we could get any oHei- at all for our Hour and \Ve had no other way of getting them. 1111-; FiKsr wiNTKif ly shiklkv. How did the (iolonists .spend their tirst winter, might lie a matter of inter- est to tlic^ reader. It is not to be su))- pu,sed they imitated their eastern friend> and spent it ingoing to lialls, and part- ies, and religious and othei' assem])lies, for their condition and immbers would not im])ly tliis, but they enjoyed them- selves, nevi'rtheless. In a disaster a ,sea, when the wild waves dash furiously HISTORY OF CI>OlT) COUNTY M^";iiu.>l the ^lii])"> si(lt'> and she tTcak.s ami was the feeling that animated tlie pioneers of this county. Cut off from t'.ie worhl, tliev lunl to rely u])on tli(>ir own re- sources, and tSie meagre means they commanded l\>r thoir recreation, ))leas- ure and pastime, and, tho strange it may seem, of these they were never in want. With that degree of caution thai comes of necessity they sticured during the previous autumn enougli of llie "staff of life"' tocarry them tlirougli i! long winlei', for lliat having lieen reared in tlie north, were they used to. (iame was plenty and, skilled in hunt- ing and markmanship, no difliculty was exjicrienced in pi"<>curing it. Trapping the beaver and otter offered other means of enjoyment and wliicli also was a resource of revenue. But tlie i)rinci]ia] source of enjoyment was the neiglibor- !y feeling that brought those liardy pioneers oft(Mi togetlier in social circles. Scarcely a night ])assed during the tirst winter without the little grooj) of i)io- neers meeting together at s(mie ni'igh- bor's liouse and spending t!ie evening at cards, followed by lliose refreshments the wild condition of the county atrorded conversing u))on the topics of tlie times — the ]n'os])eci of civil war and the future of this country. No pen need ])ortray the liardshii)s of this first winter of this colony in Shirley for compara- tively few in the east, fared as well, while many thousands fared worse. 'Tt was the hajiijiest period of my life," have they been individually heard to sav. CHAPTER II. IM.MKXSITY OK THE BIFF.VLO. I do not sup])ose itjiossible for me to satisfactorly convey to the minds of 1 liose who never saw any of the vast herds of Imffalo that once roamed over the plains of Kansas, of tlie immense num])er of th(jse wild cattle tiiat existed twentv- fonr years ago. Estimates of ten mil- lions have been regarded by many whose judgements are worthy of consideration as too high, while others having ex- ))erienc among them have put the figures much higher. The writer be- lieves his opjiortunities for (jitesfiuig were (^uite as good as any person's, if not better HevieM-ed the vast herd« a- they passed South in th<' Fall and North in the Si)ring in tlie years IHGl, 1S1J2, and 1883, and before the fearful decimation of their numl)ers had liegun, and he unliesitatingly puts it at twice ten millions, and believes it to he much Jiigher still than that. Let us make a little calculation: On September 8, 18t)0, tJic line of march of the buffalo extended from Elm Creek on the East to Randall, in Jewell county, on the West, a distance of Ihirty"^ miles. If, now they walk twen- ty feet ajiart for that distance and each line ])asses a given point once a niinu1(> for 24 hours there would pass in one minute T,!)20; in one hour 47.'i,2()i) and in twenty foui- hours 1 1,-;04,8()(). P)Ul this ealculation p'-esume.-; what (lid not exist. It is based f)n tlie as- sumiition that tlie buffalo moved regu- l.arly which was far from lieingthe case. On the contrary their movements weri< s])asmodic. A great rush of hundn'ds of tlioiisands, blocking the jirairie a< fai' as the eye could penetrate, and then there would be a lull for hours, bi which a few hundreds of thousands would pass on, and then another rusli, as in- tense and numerous as before. This is kept uj) for a whole iiionth and then for four orfivemonths more stragglers, from single ones to thousands, jiass S(mth over this thirty mile stri]), and West and East of it. Tlie writer having hun- ted and catniied I'oi- four weeks in the Autumn of 18(30 on this range (so called from its being tlie territory on which the buffalo fed and traveled)had an ex- cellent o})portunity of judging of the enormous numbei' of buffalo that existed. Not only did they pass by (hiyligdt l)Ut in the night also. Often has his camp been aroused liy th(> deafen- ing clatter of hoofs and tlie heavy intonations of bellowing bulls. So im- ])ressed was he with the greatness of their number that he would not feed jus- tified in disjiuting a })erson"s statement, who had had a reasonable o])portunity of judging, should he ])Ut them as liigli, or even higher than fifty million I As matter of history we ma\ state that the early settler regarded the kill- ing of a buffalo about as much of a fete as the killing of a gray squirrel in New Y'ork state when they sported in every town. Thousands upon thousands were shot for mere sport or through mere wan- tonness, and left to rot on tln^ prairie. Ofallihal \ast army of butl'alo that roami'd at will over the vast pi'airies lying between the (ireat Slave Lake, in British America on tho north, and Red riv<'r, iu Texas, on the south what is left of themr A J'rU- Mrauglcrs in the head waters of the Missouri, and tho Dominion of ("auada, arc to be fotind' HISTORY OF CLOUD COUNTY. The mercik'.ss riHe of tlu' huntsman has done its fearful work and this famous beast is nearly extiet. A few years Iience there will be none— all will be <:;one. For a few years a few syjeeimens will b( kei)t in their i)urity;but "^hisjike all else, will ef)me to an end, and the noble raee is ring of 1862 opened up less favorably than did that of 1861, but un- dismayed by this and the bad reports from i860, our colonists went bravely to work and planted as though the adaptability of the country to farm- ing had been demonstrated, and success again crovvnr and riile, tomyhawk and knife. Had they been disposed they could have shot every man of our company before their pres- ence was suspected. Two yeai's later that would have been their fate. They * Ajiliice for I'eoiliu.u: s'ock. au'l llic )-nc]iPv.> a IV ca Hod • 'ra'ii'hmi^u.". 'I'lic usual diarsc this ibk- ol Fort Kcariipy wa.s -10 cent!:' ;i tcarn were friendly now, Init two years after- wards this and another band, miu-dered tiiirty-tive ranchmen on the Litlle Blue where om* party had been. They, and several hundred oiI'ers,li:',d been pursuing the Otoe Indians v/ith the d(>termination of slaying them. In liiis they were foiled by th(> vigilance of tlie i)ursued. The company hastened l.omc, kt.ov^ - ingfullv.-ell that other b:inds hadap- l)eared on the border. The settlements were in commotion, many settlers having lied the country, some of them never to return. As they went, ])itiful tales they told of Indian outrages, but non(> "however, heyonci l)etty thieving, wen' committed. Late in the sunimi'r of this year a dis- graceful outrr.ge was committed a<2;ainst a family named Conkling. The family consisted of Peter and Charles, men grown, and (wo sisters, Roxy and Ann and a small child. Stories were circu- lated again.st the boys that they had s(X'reted stolen horses and on the sti-ength of this report a molj from ^Vashington and Clay counties tore down their house and turned the two women and child out of doors. The boys made their escaj)e and a week or two afterwards a friendly neighbor, at the risk of his life, moved them to Paola. The charge of stealing, or secreting stolen horses, was made l)y an enemy and was without foundation in fact. They wei'e industrious and fru- gal, and had ! opened up ijuite a farm. The whole proceeding against them was a villianous outrage, and its originators deserved condign 'punisl:- ment. Another shameful outrage was perpetra- ted in May by the "wiJd'' Indi- ans. Mrs. Ann Wilson (Ann Chagron) was ret'irning home from Elm Creek where she had been visiting a family, her hus- band, George, was working for. He accoinpanied her across the river and had left her but a short time when six Indians rode u]) on horse back, and live dismounting, outraged her jjcrson. Their treatment of her and her babe was of the mo.st brutal kind. Seizing the child they gave it a fling and sent it rolling over the prairie. Ijayinghold of her they threw her to the ground anil l)oi.sed a lance over her throat theaten- ing death if she did not cease calling for help. Having accomplished their dia- bolical i)urpose they rode oft" and she made her way, a.s best she could, to the nearest settlement and told of her wrong. There Ijciug bul one or two horses in the country at tliis lime, ])er- suit wa*^ not attempted and tlie outrage went uurevong."d . Several outrages were por])ctrated (5 HISTORY OF CLori) COUNTY. fl)i>,vi'ar \i\ tlu' "wild" Indians ii])on Wiiffalo liuiiters, oiic otwiiicli we will iv- hif.'. In D-'tHMiibcr two Elm ( iTck s^^'ttlcrs went on a butialo hunt iiitendin<>; to lit' <;'onc' two weeks. They were well ])ro- vided with food for' themselve,s and feani of eattle and a horse. The see- ond day out, and shortly after erossiiiji; Solomon river, a })ai-t\ of dieyenne In- dians, numberin was scarcely any left I The men retiu'ned home, not caring to venture tlieir lives further among a lot of cut throat sa\ages. li^O:}. This year opened n\^ aus])icous- ly for farming and continued favorable to the close of the season. Timely rains fell and crops were good, a few immi- grants arrived. Imt the periodical "In- dian scai'e" caused aliout as many to leave as came. On the range several outrages ii})on hunters were committed l)y the lawles.s bands of Indians that hovered near the border, constantly bent on robbery and murder. Early in January of this year an out- rage was ix'rpetrated on a party of three hunters on Limestone that de- serves to l)e related. The hunters had secured all the Iniftalo they wanted and were on their return, when about ten in the morning of a bright, clear, warm ublican and two democratic. The jurisdiction of the assessor com- prised Washington, Rejnd^lic and Shir- ley, and it required seven hundi'ed and fifty miles travel to do the assessing. The taxable projierty amounted to less than one hundred thousand dollars. Sixteen days work was charged against the county at two dollars and fifty cents per day, and as there was no mtmey to ])ay this with, the orders had to be liawked around the county and sold for fifty cents on the dollar. Diiring the session of the legislature following, E. C. Manning, Senator from the district embraced in Marshall, Ri- ley, Clay, Washington, Republic and Shirley, discovered the error and had an act passed extending the lines of Washington county over Shirley and Rei)ublie, reserving the right to each to organize when it chose to and sever its uonuection with Washington HIsrOKY OF ClvOri) COUNTV. 1864. Tho forepart of the winter of 1863-4 was quite severe. On tlie third day of December a snow storm set in and lasted for three days, in which nearly a foot of snow felT. Tlie weather moderated towards the close of the month and the snow melted. Ice in the river was scarcely more than six inches thick at any time. Hunting on the range had become so hazzaixl- oxis it was not indulged in to any great extent. Yet there was no difticultv in picking uiJ now and then a straggling buffalo. The spring of this year was ushered in with assuring rains and a fair crop season seemed in prospect which was realized. In August came the "annual scare" and settlers fled from White Rock and. Republic county, going as far East as Clay Center. The danger of an Indian massacre was imminent, and doubtless would have occurred had not the peo- ple in the most exposed districts left. Tho.se on the Little Blue, in Nebras- ka, who heeded not the rejjeated warn- ings, paid the penalty of death for their rashness. Hunters who were caught on the buffalo range were roblied and in some cases murdered. It required more than ordinary courage to remain (m the border, yet a few families re- mained. Nearly all business was neg- lected and the principal talk was about Indians and of a probal)le raid by them on the the settlements. The excitement was greatly increased by a report brought in by Wm. Chapansk'ie, who with a little son had started for Fort Kearney with a load of produce, of the destruction of ranches on the Little Blue river. ^Ir. C. found the rancli at the junction of our road with the (rreat California road, smoldering in its ruins. He drove on to the next ranch and found it also in ruins, and still pushing forward, from the higlit of ground that gave him a view of the country for many miles ahead hi- could see no building standing and lie rel raced his steps and hurried home. The raid had lu'cn made and the deadly work done. Between Fort Kear- ney and the junction ranch over thirty five persons had been murdered, and several woman carried into captivity to be used to gratify the lust of tlie dirty, lousy, villianous savage. A score of randies had been Inn-ned and a large amount of stock and otiier property carried off. A Mr. Kelly was the tirst man to suffer death. A scjuad of Indi- ans, in the garliof friendshi]), called him out of his house and while engaged in a conversation with tliem, one slyly sent an arrow into his heart. Hestaggered back into the liouse and expired. The young woman to wliom he was shortly "to be married was carried intf> ca])tivi- ty. One family by tlie name of Eubank were all murdered but one woman •»\ho was carried off. A child was put into an oven and baked. Another while taking refuge in a well, was shot. A half dozen men and a woman in Pawnee ranch barricadetl their windows and doors and otherwise showed light and were saved. As m.iy lie expectctl the uncolored tale of Mr. Chai)anskie fed the embers of fear and it became a livid Hanie. The country sudd(Mily became nearly depopulated. ^Vives, with tears in their eyes, begged their husliands, "for God's sake and the sake of their chil- dren, to leave the 'God cursed' Indian pestered country. Still, !>ome refused to go, being deter- mined to maintain their ground or die n tlie atteni]) . At length a feeling was aroused tliat culminated in a determination on the part of the settlers to know the worst, and a party of about forty men well armed and under the command of ca])- tain Schooley started for the jilains. Reaching the mouth of W'hite Rock creek the captain called a council and a majority elected to return. A squad of a dozen, however, refused to obey or- ders tf) retreat, and headed by (r. I). Brooks and J.M. Hagamanthey scoured tlie country up \A'iiite Rock, and thence going south to the head of Limestone, followed down it to its mouth and re- turned home. Indians iiad been there in numbers, l)ut somethime jirevious. They left, undoul)tedl\ , immediately after the raid on tlie Little Blue. So, again, after the danger was past, the settlers had taken measures for their safety. For Mr. Schooley we will say I hat he was a consumate coward and alisoultel\ untit for the position of cajUainto which he had been chosen of a camjiing in the 17th Kansas State Militia. Wh<^n he was about to leave on this expedition some of tiie wives of tht> men who went were much excited lest their husliands would get killed, lint the ca])tain's wife very confidently advised thein that "they need not fear as the ca])tain would not take them wiiere there was an_\ danger." She seemed to know him. On the return I if the twehc ami the assurance they brought, ipiiet was re- stored ami the settlers mostly returned to their homes. To them is due the credit of saving the settlements from abandonment and none will withhold it from them." » llii' liillow iiii; UK- IIk' liMliK^s til' I Iw jiavty: .1. .M ll;isr!im;in, 1st J^iciit : Daiii*-! .Mvci-.*, -Jul l.iiiU.: Saimicl C. (Iicstcr. .'inl T.iV'iif ■,iiii! (;. I>. I'.riioks Kii("4inii'iil Kaiisa-; \iilnnt(>tT .Militia: ('ivilia''>, AV. .M. Wilcox. l!icliai'(l C(iii.i;I)1(Mi, (,ti;irlc s lluiiIrcs'S anil -Tanifs *'. .\eely. Dii no: icniciiihL'r ikuiius of Ilip otili'ts. II . msTOKY OK (LOUD COUN'l'Y. The eastern line (»f uuircli y>i tiu.' l)Ul':i- lo, this yi'ar, wlicn on their poriodieal Journev north, jnissed alon(i; White's Creel:. A few stragglers were seen farther east. About the first of June a ))art5' of Jumters from Elm C'j-eek left liom'e in the forenoon witli ox teams and just Ix'fore sundown they eame to a Iierd and kilknl nine in less tliau tifteea minutes after the tirst shot was tired. Ftn'ty or lifty \vere slauglitered on tiii:; hunt and a Inifalo ealf eaugiit. The rain-fall iiad deereased each year sinee 1831, the fall being about otJ inch- es that year, 81- inclies in 1862, '62 inch- es in 18(J8 and 80 inelies in 18C4. The rain this year, limited tho' it was, how- ever, eame timely and a fair ero]) of corn was raised. Wheat was remark- able for the amount of smut it con- tained. One tenth was smut! VV(! do not believe tho like was ever before witnessed. The cause of it is unex- Ijlainable. The next year's ci-op raised from this seed contained no more smut than usual. The writ(-r carfuUy se- lected tifty heads with smut kearnejs in each and sowed it by itself and the re- sult v>'as not a kearnel of smut in it. This and the general result alluded to, would seem to strongly disprove the theory that smut ))roducessmut. There was now quite a number of children of school age in the Elm Creek settlt^ment and th(^ people began to cou- sidi;r the necessity of having a school. Accordingly scliool district No. 4 was organized, with John M. Tiiorp, Di- rector, James M. Hagaman (.'lork, and Zachariah Swearingen Treasurer. Miss Koselhi S. Honey was employed as teacher."" The tirst term was held in a house furnished free ]\v J.M. Haganum, anil during this term a log scliool house was erected. It was placed on the S. E. corner of Sec. 81, — half a mile from Elm Creek on the ])arallel I'oad. iSliss Honey opened school al)out July lirst and tlie term ended September 80. She was again cm})l()ved and taught the winter scliool. April 18. she made the following re)»ort to the school board, omitting formalities : Males^ enrolled. 12 ; fem;>les, 9— total 21. Subjects of study : Alphabet, spelling, reading, i^ennmanshi]), men- tal arithniatic, written arithmatie, geogra])hy and English (irammar. Text books, Sander's s'leller, detiner and analyzer. Readers, Wils;m's and Sanders'. Aritiimatics, Tliomi)son's First Lessons, 'i'luunpson's and Rays I'ratical. (reograi^hies, Cornell's; Gram- mar, Butler's. The report was made A))ril 18, 18').-), and signed. KoSKLLA S. MONKY. * i lie ^ii|u' rihlr:nl:i ;it oC W;isliin:;toii coiinly. iirj;iiii/.!'ii ihis ih^nicl At lli(! liltic tliui'c wei'c l)iit tliivo 'ii-ii'ii"ts ii) ilial ci.iiiity !\i:(l a>: Shirley was I he i a lownslr,]) ol" Washin.uton I lie Vi'trnlai' order nl' iiiinihcriii.ir inalr llii-; 'dis- iricl No. -1. i. T. (ioodnow was .•^tale Superintend- ent and visited this district and lectured in the autumn of 1804 on the advant- ages of education. The 'leetvu'e was delivered in the dwelling house of J. M. Hagaman and there were about twenty persons ])resent. It was now the duty of tlie State Sujierintendent to recom- mend school books, and Mr. (ioodnow recommended the Bible as the best moral instructor. Whether Miss Honey read it or not in school the writer does not remember. There has been some controversy as to who ])reached the first sermon in this county and the writer is unable to settle it to his satisfaction. The honor, — or otlu'rwise as the case uiav be, rests with Rev. R. P. West and — ^.Ma- lat. .The former preached here in October 1808, but we think he was pre- ceded by the latter some months. Mr. Malat was sent liere as a Missionary' 1 After tvvo years of faithful service, but without any appreciabh^ elT'ect, he be- came discouraged, sluiok the dust of Shirley County from his feet and sadl^ remarked tliat the Elm Creekers "might go to hell for aught he eared, as his preaching had no effect upon them !" They did not go, however, which fact was possibly due to the kindness of the Rev. Marks, from Rost> Ci-eek, Nebraska, who took pity on them and "preached" them one .sermon. This gentleman jjossessed a stentorian voice, and for two hours made the "shakes" on the roof of the writers' house (juiver while he attempted to prove there was and could not be, an Intidel I The hugeness of this joke will apjiear when we inform our read- ei's that the writer's views on the Bible and religion were ])recisely the same then as they are now. Mr. Marks was a gentleman and very tolerant of other j)eople's views. He never again preach- ed on Elm Creek. Mr. We.st ]ireached occasionally afterwards. The winter of 18(54-5 was remarkable for the evenness and mildness of the temperature. The river closed early, the ice formed being about a foot thick and remained that way until after the first of JMarcli. Scarcely any snow fell during this winter, and this led many to ])redict a drouth the next summer, which was not the case. The roads were of tirst class order all winter long, and two of our farmers, (R. Coughlen and J. M. Hagaman) improved th<> op- portunity to haul Iheircroj) of corn to Fort Riley and Junction City. The ])rice realized was two dollars liity, and three dollars :v bushel. Fifty and' lifty- five bushels were hauled at a load. One hundred and fifty dollars for a wagon load of corn was not thought to be a bad ])rice ! There was scarcely :iny IjuiTalo hum- HISTORY OF C'LOl'l) fOUNTY ini;- (lone tliis wintt'j". Tlic risk was not worth the sport and jirolit. To show the kind and fraternal feel- in<;- the Government had for its fron- 'ier subjeets, and the great wisdom that charactin-ized its course, we must mention tlie faet that a scout, wliose duty it was to ramble over the country and watch for and report "Indian signs" was employed at $125 a month and sent out here to the front. His name w„s (ieorge F. Oakley, and he was about as well fitted for that duty as Madam Bernhardt would he for a farmer's wife. Mr. O. was a graduate of the typo department of the Rochester IJemocrat and had never known hard work in his life, nor what it was to "rough it.'"" He boarded on Elm Creek during the winter, never going onee on a scout. ISfjo. There is but little to make his- tory of '.his year. The rain-fall was not heavy, but it came timely and the corn c-rop was fair. Other ci ops were very good. There was not much dis- turbance from Indians and for this rea- son u large number of ]ieo])le came to the county and took claims. Bufialo hunters pursued their s])ort without much molestation The slaveholder's war closed in A^jril, l)y the surrender of Gen. Lee, and the lieneticent etlects of peace were felt on th's far away frontier. The winter of 186.j-() was a severe one. Slow fell the middle of Kcvem- ber, the fall weather pi-ior to that time leaving beeii niagnilicenl. Following the first flurry of snow the weather be- (^ame intensely cold. Work on the Pa- cific Railroad. Eastern Division, which had progressed nearly to Manhattan, ceasjd, and was not generally resumed until Spring. A short period of sun- shine and warm weather and then more snow, about eight inches followed. There were over thrc^ months (jf win- try weather.. The first political convention ever held in the county was held this year in October at the house of ISIoses Heller on Elk Greek. In it was represented, Shirley, Repnblic and the Republican Valley portion of Wa.shington, and the (>])ject was to nominate a candidate for the legislature. The convention was h"ld at the instance of the Rev. R. P- W:'st, who wanted to go to the legisla- ture. Out of mischief, more tlian any- thing else, t'le Shirley folks determined to contest for tlie candidacy, and they selected, as their victim, J. ^I. Ha- gaman. The convention was called to order and the voting. beo;un, when the Rev. West found himself in the minor- ity ! in this dilema a happy thought struck him and that was to count those "whom he knew to be favorable to him." This was agreed to on the condition that the other side should be allowed tiie same privilege. Mr. West l)resented his proxies, which, it seems lie had slyly ]>rovidcd hira.self with, and then JVIr. Oakley, who was manag- ing the case of Mr. Hagaman, presented his proxies, which to the astonishment of tlie Rev. West, considerably outnum- bered liis ! Considerable quibbling and speech-making followed and the con- vention finally adjourned without mak- ing the nomination. Mr. West ran as an Ind(>pend<'nt candidate, hut was badly beaten. (^ne day in tiie month of October, a party of Wichita Indians camped just above the settlements on Elm creek, ami inisied themselves during the day beggingof the settlers. The latter freely gave them . That night they stole 6 hor.se.s. Messengers were sent over the countr^ and at sundown the next day a party of fourteen men, well armed,' began 'the pursuit. Being mounted on good horses and the trail being easily seen in the bright moonlight, the thieves were over- hauled as day began to dawn. Hobbled horses were first discovered, and a halt being ordered, Lewis Cassel^and J. M. Hagaman were delegated to re- eonoitre the camp. This delicate work was so carefully ])erformed that the position and numbers of the Indians were found. Returning without having caused the least alarm, they notified the party of the result of their reconoisance and a council was held to decide wheth- er to kill or capture the enemy. It was decided not to kill unless they showed light. J. M. Hagaman was chosen to lead the attack. He divided the men into three squads, with eight in the first line, four in the second, and two in the third. They were to march so that the squad of four was to come over a hill that intervened just as the eight aroused the sleeping savages. The object was to make the Indians believe that we had more warriors in reserve. The plan worked well. The first line rode up to the Indians before they knew of their presence, which was discovered by the chiefs wife. She alarmed the rest and in less time than we can tell it they were on their feet and tightning their' bows. It looked exceedingly war like at this moment, and the men appealed to their leader "for (iod's sake give orders to shoot." But the command was "not yet, keep cool." "There is an old In- dian in the hollow with his rifle cocked and i^ointed at you," said one of the ])arty, addressing the commander, but .still lie bade them hold their fire. Dur- ing this exciting time the leader was parleyingwithtiie chief,allthe time hav- mg his revolver cocked, and pointed directly at his heart wit h his finger on the trigger, so that had he been shot the chief would have been also. Tlie naked body of the Indian was not more than two 10 HISTORY OF C'LOri) COUNTY tVct frf>m tliL' muzzle of the ix'\()lv('r. IVrhaps it was the certain deatliof their chief tliatwithheld the deadly bullet from oiu- Captain. Sternly and vehemently the old Chief denied an}' knowledge of the theft, and that his men had anything to do with it. To the truth of this he called God — tiie sun — pointing to it, to witness. As decidedly, and with equal emphasis our leader told him '"You lie, you stole our horses last night and now have them." "When white man sleep V ' said the old thief. "White man no sleep, saw you steal 'em." He turned to his warriors and saitl something very much in earnest and they tlung their weapons to the ground and jumped into the creek, swam over and rajjidly disa])peared in the timber. A bloodless victory was w<;n, and all that was left to dowas to gather up tlit^ spoils and return. Thirteen jxjnics and horses antl one mule, one super!) target riHe, a number of blankets, some l)o\vs and arrows, ])(>wder-horrs, moccasins and a few other articles were li.ke:), all of which were agreed to be n-tuiuctl if they would return our horses in thirty days. They were never returned, anil after nuiking those whole who had lost, the I'emainder was divitjed ;iuiong (lie fourteen •■ !Wi(). This se; son was more i'.i\<'i-- able to the farm:-r than the two )i'i- ceeding it. All cro])s were goct', b' t prices uei'c hjv,'. The influx of immigrants led the citizens to believe that tliey hr.d enough to entitle them to an organization. ' and as their rclalionshi]) witii Washingt<,u County had become olino.xious to tlieui they determined to cut loo^e from liei-. A ))etition was ])n)mptl\ signed a'ul .F. yi. Haganu'.n delegated to ])r(\sent il to the (Governor, which he did. The or- ganization was efi'ected on Auirust 4th, by prochnnation of (iovernor S. J. Crawford. Henry l^ear, Moses Heller and George \^'ilco\ wert> ai)j)ointcd Commissionej's, and N. I). Haganj.in, Clerk. Elk creek was made the tem- porary county seat. The eh'ctioji foi- county officers and memixM- of the legislature was held on the general election day in Xovember. 'I'lie nomi- nating convention w.js held the ia.'^t week in August, and was jield in the Ehn creek school lion>e. John 15. Kupe was nouiinated for the legislalui'e liy the Kepulilican pai'ty, ;.nd was * .\ A Mi;s (U I ii:: r V UTV : .1 .M Hm--;. 111:111, (; I). I!r(H,lsS. I,c\\is (■.•isM'l. <;. F. (i;il of a trusty friend and the bag watched until on its way east. "When ]\Ir. Rujie's bill came u)) on third reading the remon- strances were read ami the liill lost its heatl on motion of a friend of the county to strike it off. We have written of this nnitler at this late day because it is t)nc of HlsroKY OF CLOUD COUNTY. U important roimty history, and not as a rotleetion upon Mr. Rupo, whom \vt' hijrhly respect. We have no doubt but what he i.-; now as mueh i^leased as we are tliat tiie .seheme tailed. We (h) not lielie\'e it wa< his i(h'a. It was that of a (litt'erent ehis-; of men. wiiom we have referred to a-< "siiarjiers and trieksters." Mr. Rujie, like most new lej^ishUors, Wiis bound to tio;ure as an '"active mem- ber,'' .so he introduced anotlier bill to t'hauge the name of the county from Shirley to Cloud. His reason for doin<>' this, as we were informed at the time by a fellow member, was that the county was named Shirely after a •'Trumpet'" who used to figure around Fort Rile^v a.s a common ])rostitute. Mr. Rup'e meant 'strumpet,' but an impediment in his speech made him make the mistake. We do not believi^the story of naming the county after Jane Sjiirley, the harlot. It is reported to have been done to tantalize Col. Phillips, who was the ))rincipal actor in defining the boun- daries of this first tier of counties west and along the Gth princijial meridian. As there were members in the legisla- ture from Massachusetts, it is highly ()robal:)le that it was named in honor of (Governor Shirley of that State. It suits the writer better to have it so, at any rate, and that would not reflect ujjon the character and good sense of a Kansas legislature. For the first time since the county was settled a delegate was sent to the Republican State Convention, and J. M. Hagaman had the honor to he the dele- gate. His expenses were paid by a'oI- untary contributions made at the time, which we believe the first and only case of the kind that has ever occurred in the count}-. There was no Democratic party in the county then nor for several years thereafter. This year the grasshopper pests first visited the county. They sti'uek the county on the ;l6 of August, the day the Governor declared it or- ganized, and which accidental occur- rence was said by some of the blindly superstitious to be an unfavorable omen. The writer was on his return from To})eka and first rode into them three miles the other side of Clyde. The day was cloudless, yet the sun, which was two and a half hours above the western horizon, was totally obscured l)y the myriads of insects. The ground was si)eedily covered and trees bent under the enormous weight of the pests. In one case that came under the writer's observation a cottonwood tree six inch- es in diameter was snapped assunder. The moving pests almost blinded man and beast and spread consternation far and wide. Pen pictures cannot con- vey to the understanding of the enor- mous amount of grasshoppers that vis- itetl this county in 1866 A person who has witnessed one of those heavy snow storms that used to fall in the Adirondacks forty years ago, at which afoot of snow fell in a few hours, and then reflect that the grasshojjpers were as thick a.s the snow flakes, he can form a tolerably- good idea of the situ- ation. We had "not the remotest idea that there was a millionth part as many grasshojjpers in the whole world; — whei-e on earth did they all come from '; They extended from Missouri o\er two hundred miles west. The season was too far advanced and corn to hard to be injured to any great extent by them. The blade.s"^ which were yet green, vanished, however, in the briefest space of time imaginable, as did every other green thing that suited their tastes, and they were not over fastidious in selecting. Red pep- ers and onions they relished and could make away with tobacco at a rapid rate. Myriads of egg cones were deposited, each containing about thirty-five eggs. As the last half of the winter was mdd millions of thi'm hatched and died be- fore maturing or reaching a conditon to do harm. In the spring there was much rain and the young were wased into the streams and swept away. Very little harm was realized from the new crop. Of course the old ones died, as they are annuals I In May, this year, six men were mas- sacred on Little Cheyenne, a tributary of Bufl'alo creek about six miles from Concordia. The ])arty was composed of Lewis Cassel, Walter Haynes, William Collens, and Henry Collens, — Roberts Tallman. They were surprised on Brown's Creek, in Mitchell County, and after a running fight of fifteen or twenty miles the whole party was slaughtered on the head of the creek named. At first a fruitless search was made for them, but they were finally discovered by a sec- ond party and buried Avhere they were killed. Subsequently their bones were removed to Clifton and re-intered. This massacre did not cause a stam- pede of settlers, as had been the case in previous years. The murderous Indians were Cheyennes. In Julj" an outrage was committed u])on the person of Mrs. John A. Mor- ley on White Rock Creek. The Indians were Cheyennes. Other outrages were committed, but they did not have the ett'ect produced the preceding year.s. Immigrants con- tinued to arrive daily and as the colon- ists grew stronger they became more confident. 1867. The snow fall was light this winter, at no time more than a few 12 niSJ'OKY OF CLOUD COirNTY inches btdiifi on tin- <;i'(mn(l al one U\nv. February was \varni and myriads of (grasshoppers hatclicd and were desli-oy- ed by alternate freezini; and lliawinjr. March was warmer than Fcliruary, and this with fre(|uent rain>, rid tiie country pretty well of the i)la. Sut- ler was outray;ed after she was killed. There were nine Indians in the })arty and under the <>'uize of beine. The two l)oys at this fled, but tlie Indians tired at them and brought Ijoth down. While they were out after the boys Mrs. Vv'ard shut and barricaded the door, but the vil- lains soon beat it down with an ax. Pillaging the house of wkat they want- ed they made Mrs. Ward prisoner. Loaded the mules, Ijelonging to Ward, two in number, with their ])lunder, started on their homeward march, mak- ing their fair prisoner trudge on foot. Immediately on word being received by the settlers in Cloud and Clay coun- ties two parties, without any knowledge of each others intentions, one from the north and the other from the south started to the scene of the miu'der. They arrived the same day, but the former in the morning and the latter near the close of the day. G. I). Brooks led the first party and J. M. Hagaman the party from the south side of the river. As the writer accom))anied the last named party, and therefore knew what it did, will give an account of it. The party left I^lm Creek in the morning, all mounted and armed and rations for several days. The route chosen was up the south side of the river to Buffalo Creek and thence up that ci'eek to a branch called Salt — some- times Marsh — Creek which bore to the north-west. Shortly after passing be- yond the head of it we came upon a flock of deer and "took one in." Reach- ing the slo])e of White Rock we dis- coveredmule and Indian tracks. The trail was followed .some dibtance, but night approaching it was al)amloned and the party hurried on and reached the scene of the murder as before relat- ed. The opinion jirevailed with the Elk Creek ])arty that Mrs. Ward was either crazj- and raml)ling somewhere on the creek or that she had bi;en murdered. It was the Elm Creek i)arty that solved the ))rol)leni. led by J: }>l. Hagaman, and not l)y tlie Elk, or Brook's, party, as F. (J. Adamsluisit in his'Homestead (iuide," and as other writers iiave stal- ed. Our party .started the next day al)out noon and soon struck the trail. Twt) miles, or so, in a thicket of bushes the Indians had made a halt, and what else was done l)eside eating a meal can only be conjectured. Our party ])asse(l on, l)ut with great ditllculty kept the trail. The Indians had emptied thi- feathers out of the feather l>eds, leaving of course a few clinging to the ticks, which w<'resiiook and blown oil" as they traveled. This trifling thingenabled us to follow the trail where else it would have been impossible to follow it. A lady's drawers was found and the scab- l)ord of a revolver. But on crossing streams the ff)ot })rints of a woman's foot was discovered and thus the mys- terj' was solved. ^Irs. Ward, undoubt- edly, ])urposely stepped into .soft ground so that" her tracks might b<> seen by her would-be rescuers. We followed the trail to Limestone and the)-e was forc;ed t(j aliandon the pui-- -uit. It was useless, anyway to go further, as there were hut twelve men in our com])an3' and th(; Indians had several days the start. Mrs. Ward has never been heard from. It is to b(^ hoped that death kindly relieved her from a fate much worse. She was of frail build, aimable and fair looking. The news of this massacre so alarmed the most exposed settlers that some of them withdrew to a place of greater safety, but after a while things settled down to their wonted quiet. The summer was very wet, almost daily showers falling through the months of June and July. Tlie crojt yield was large and the ])rairies were covered with a very iK^avy growth of grass. The county Rejjublican Conv(;ntion, this year met at the same place it met the year before, and nominated J. M. Hagaman for the legislature. The Elk creek people ])lied tlielr customary de- ceptive arts and slyly brought out Jas. T. Donoho as their candidate. Mr. Donoho himself, was nol given to di- vulging secrets and thei'cfore did not let it be publicly known that he was a candidate until near the eve of elec- tion. The wcnthy ! people of Elk poured into the cars of the friends of Mr. IL the strongest professions of friend- HISTORY OF CLOUD COUNTiT. 13 ship, .and assured thera that there was '•no I'eason to fear as the candi- dacj' of Donoho was only a joke and he would not get a half dozen votes." Of couise tne very innocent friends of Mr. H. believed their "tales of love !" Mr. H. was elected by a small majority. The reader of to-day, who is a strang- er to those early times, may wonder why the contests over those petty offices were so sharp and so stronglj' contested, but the reason is to be found' in the fact that they all had "county seat" in them, and only one who has been through one of those internecine strifes can realize the earnestness, and bitterness, and the rascality, that are sometimes resorted to. The struggle in this county was incessant for seven or eight years, beginning when there were not one hundred settlers in the county. The north had the advantage of the south side of the river in that it had a good appliable to the whole state. It was so decreed to be by the Supreme Court. The object contended for two years later became the settled law of the »^tate. Another measure was the amend- ment to the cost bills before Justices of the Peace in criminal cases. This made the prosecuting witness, if the person against whom he made com- plaint was not convicted, liable for costs. The benetit to the tax-payers of this law has been very great. I^rior to its passage one of the greatest iDurdens to the counties was the enor- mous cost bills in petty criminal cases before Justices. Shawnee county had $60,000 of such costs to pay the year be- fore this law was passed. Cloud to-day would have $20,000 to pay annually but for this law. It was one of the most cor- rupt systems in existence. Constables and justices would connive together to trump up cases for the fees that were public road, built by the government, in them, just as U. S. deputy marshals while the south side had no road at all This was an important point in favor of Elk, as the river was hard to ford. Old Mr. Heller once tried to ford it on horse-back and the horse got stuck in the nuick-sand and Mr. Heller came near loosing his life. He never tried it again. This story he told to hundreds of immigrants and very many were kept from coming to the south side, and some from settling in the county. The race was a race for voters and the "north" and the "south" kept about even for 9 years, and until the final election that decided the demoralizing contest. As we have given Mr. J. B. Rupe the benefit of some of his work in the legis- lature we deem it but right to mention a part of the work of his immediate suc- cessor, and shall pursue this course with others. The fifth bill introduced in this legis and circuit court commissioners now do. A million dollars are stolen annually by those officers and the abuse is rapid- ly increasing. A third measure was the introduction of a resolution to amend the constitu- tion so as to allow all persons who are taxed for the support of the State Gov- ernment to vote without regard to col- or, sex or nationalitj'. Strange to say no one could be ^ot to champion this eminently just and im- portant measure. Cowardly members admitted it to be founded on principles of right, but at the same time voted to kill it. __ The general revision of the laws of Kansas was done by this legislature. On the 25, of July occurred the brutal murder of a respected and industrious farmer and the dangerous wounding of laturewashis bill to make a hedge another by two German Jew peddlers, fence a lawful fence as soon as planted. These men had a team of mules and This met with bitter opposition from the wagon, and were peddling dry goods farmers and cattle men in the House, and notions. They came from Leaven- and it would not have received a score worth, but whence to that place we do of votes had a trial come. It was not know. At Elk creek, and other pla- objected that it would almost prove the ces, they inquired for two other ped- destruction offences, and in that they dlers, who preceded them with a covered were probably correct, unless "hedge" wagon, and learned that they would is a "fence." ' The bill was allowed to soon return. Leaving Elk creek in the retain its place on the calendar, and a afternoon about sundown they crossed substitute wa.? passed that was ruined Upton creek, and drove to a place of se- by a southern Kansas cattle man. The curity north of the road, and out of bill left the matter of adopting the law sight of anyone passing along the road, with the Board of County Commission- Here they remained for two or three days ers, but that .selfish man, who looked solely to his own interest, would not leave it with boards of commissifners, and the people of the county, and asked to have his county, Coffey, excluded waiting and watching for their intended victims, and at length a covered wagon hove in sight. Hastening to the point already selected, they waited their opportunity. The road, at the crossing and it was done.' This niade the bill of Upton at that time, went into the special, instead of general and therefore creek at right angles with the stream unconstitutional, as a general law was and then turned suddenly to the right 1* HISTORY OF ( L and out in a diagonal direction. Tliu west side bank of the ci'eek had been worn into a deej) guleh by the Avagon travel and this, with the" suntiowers, weeds and grass on either side, hid the drivers frorti view from tlie phiee of concealment of the murderers on tlie opposite side until they n-aelied the bed of the creek, or nearly there. As soon as enough of their bodies were exposed to their sight they lired, first at Bump and then at Davis, the tirst being hit in the neck, and expired almost instantly. and the other in tlie right lol)e of tlie lung. The weapon used was a double- barreled shot gun loaded with bird shot, and the distance tired was about tliirty feet. Bunij) was driving and as he fell dead Davis took the 4ines and drovi; down to Elk, where the foul act was made known, and sjjread rapidly over the country. The next day a party of men pursued and captured the murderers at^NIcBvide's on Mill creek, in Washington county, and took them back to Elk, where they were examined before a justice of the peace on a charge of murder and held for trial at the next term of thi- District (•ourt of Clay connty. The following- night they were taken from tlie custody of the sheriff an d lynched. Tlius ended the career of two black liearted scoun- drels . A more deliberately planned mur- der, and one more systematically car- ried out. never took place But they missed their mark. I'lie intended victims escaped and two buf- falo hunters received tluvdeadly mes- sengers meant for them. Strah^^ely (■nough the men they intended to Kill, the two peddlers, were met by them on their i-eturn trij», in less than an hour after they had killed Bumj) and wound- ed Davis. What terrible emotions must have thrilled them as they beheld the very men, in the full vigor of life, they su))- posed they had murdered! The names of the murderers were Richard Kenuup and Edward Zacharias. A coroner's jury sat upon the bodies and its verdict was: "Come to their death by hanging by the hands of ])arties unknown to the jury." The verdict was supported by the' evidence. Some of the jury and most of the witnesses were those who took part in the hanging. The evidence r)f guilt of the men was conclusive, but in addition to the evidence before the Justice their interpreter, Fred Cha- panskie, overheard a conversation be- tween them in which one accused the other of plannino; and getting him into the difliculty. Their bodies were bnried between sections 30 and 29, range 1 west and about east of the north elbow of J^lm creek . The grasshoper pests visited the eimn- try israw ^his year, coming the ?ith day OUD COUNTY. of August. They were not .so numerous as they were theyear before, but as they came earlier they did more damage. Ao^ain the earth was tilled with eggs. ^ The winter of lS(i7-8 was warm and drv. Not more than four inches of snow was on 'he ground at one time. Some days the weather would be o])))ressively warm. 1S(J8. Perhaps the spirits oi tlie farm- er was never higher; never was he more sanguine of good croi)s in prospect than were the farmers of Cloud ccninty in the ' spring of 18G8, and never were they worse disappointed. A very tine rain fell the (1th of March, and after one of the most dismally black days. Quiet in the at- mospheric world .succeeded the wind and rain storm. Grass sprang uj) and the ivhole country was, as if by magic, sud- denly robetl in green. The forests biul- ded and leafed a month earlier than us- ual. Corn ])lantiiig was well along in April. The mercury rose to one hun- dred as tuirlv as the middle of this montli. Indeeed July and Aur scourge an White's horses and.left. Xeith(^r Mr. White or his hoy* op- l)ose(l tlwm from tho first to* th^' last. ,.-.,>' ■•- - ■.,- ... ■ , On the.opjiositeHide ofrtlie ri^vesj:-, -and "'.Sanipil iiftei- .■Tartn\^''iretntit;f:()ii," ailr*<'e<»eii:t-if 1)1(1 bachelor, who settled there in 1864 It has since- been natneil AVhite's ereek, after Mr. Benjamin White. only a short distance from where this tradegA- occurred, were N. H. Eaves, Wm. English and Charles J. English] his son, Robt. Atteberry and "Virgil A. Brown at work in the hay field and in full view of the scene. The only weap- on they had was a shot gun, taken along for the purpose of shooting wild turkeys and prairie chickens; not even sus])ecting an incursion from Indians. Although but three Indians made their appearance, it is verj- likely that many more were in the' hills out of sight, and ready to render assist- ance to the murderers, if they should be in need of it. Mr. White was :i hai'd workug and frugal man and an exemplary citizen. Had ventured west to secure homes on the public lands for his family, which numbered ^ix children. The beautiful valley of Granny creek so fas- cinated him that, thouglv the danger of destruction daily beset nim and his fam- ily, he could not make up his mind to unit the enchanted place and go to one of safety. But another sad part of his misfortune is to be told. At the same time the Indians were nnu-dering Mr. White another party was raiding his house, four miles away! Un- suspected they entered the dwelling and commenced their customary work of a])propriating such things as they want- ed. Alarmed, the family Hed, but one girl, Miss Sarah, aged about 10 years, was caught and carried away into cap- tivity. Six months aftervvards Mi.s.s White was rescued by Gen. Custer in northern Texas. The' rest of the family, including Mrs. White, escaped to the woods and were not di.seovered by the Indians. The murder of Mr. White was the only one that occurred in the Republican valley this year, and Miss White was the only one carried away. This party of maraud idg Indians was ])ursued -.300 miles b^v Captain B. C Sanders with (50 men, but they failed to come u}) with them, or to determine? ])ositively which direction they had gone, and the fruitless search was reluctantly given up and the party returned honn?. CHAPTER lY. thp: sokomon massacrk. The tirst settlei"s of Solomon Town- ship were John Hillhouse, Robert Smith and James Hendershot. Th«'y settled in Januarv 1866.* The same year,, in April, rf. H. Snaldia^ and M. I). Teasley ; in INIay John Higgrins, — —Howard and Hewett ; in July, Mc- ,"*.Mr. N. ri. Eav.eff feel.a iiiire that Mr. II. ( . Snyde'r, from whoiii I,fcot.'thts report. Is incor- ret-.f-.'s tV/the time ot seltlcmcnt. : he thinks i I ■iv'as'a'^Tav e;irlier. A 11. Spanlillnjr says lilc iirijtlur 11. II.. settled in 1S65, l)nilt his" cabiu ;in<,l put up hay, iml nn ullier fettlen.ent wan made I hat venr — ll. 16 HISTORY OF CLOUD COUNTY. Minn, Mann and Wilcox ; in No- vember, H. C. Snyder, W. E. Mitchell Thos. Jones, Hiram Jones, E. J. Cal- houn, W. T. Williams, and J. A. Potts. Sometime during the summer H. H. Dalryraple, I. N. Dalrymple and L. W. Jones settled. In the spring of 18G7 the settlement was thrown info intense excitement by the sudden appearance of 315 Pawnee Indians, but they proved themselves to be friendly by molesting no one and stealing all they could! Later on in the season John Higgins was killed on Oak Creek in Mitchell Co. The place is now called Higgins Blufl". The Indians who did the deed were supposed to be Sioux. The excitement over this murder had scarcely subsided when the great raid of August occurred. Near the place where Glasco now is Miss Jeannie Paxton was teaching school, and report came of Indians in the neighborhood. She immediately sought safety for herself and pupils and started for the nearest house. Heroically placing herself between the tleeing children and their cruel pursuers, she reached the house in safety with all ex- cept Davis snvder, who lingered behind to get something he thought essential. He was shot and left for dead, but re- covered. During this raid Henry Hew- ett, Jonn Batchey, John Wear, and Benjamin Misell were killed, and Mrs. Henry Hewett, and the son of Hon. H. C.'Snyder, Davis, were wounded. Two rnonthsfrom the date of this raid another was made lower down the river and in addition to carrying away sever- al head of horses the Indians captured and cai-ried away Mrs. Morgan. She was recovered from them within a year afterwards by (ieneral Custer. Peace reigned till spring when anoth- er raid was made, but this time without the loss of human life. The .settlers had constructed a stockade and took the precaution to be near enough to it to get into it when the "red devils" were around. Several horses were stolen and succes.sfullv made oti'with. With this ended the Indian troubles in the Solomon, and thereafter the countrv settled rapidly and they pi'os- pered m their chosen pursuit of agri- ture. ■_, ' ' ■' • THE l{El*ijCUCAN VALLEY. About the tirst of October, 1868, a militia company was formed, B. C. Sanders was Captain and G. D. Brooks 1st. Lieutenant, and the services per- formed by this comi)any, which were very considerable, gave protection as well as encouragement, to the settlers. In the Solomoh Valley, in October of this year anothei^ company was formed with John A. Potts, Captain, and-whicb performed considerable military ser- vice. But this Valley was yet to be vi.sited by another marauding band of Indians. Homer Adkins lived about six miles up the Republican from where Concordia is located. He had lived there since February 1868, and unmolested by the Indians. June '2, 18G9, Mrs. Adkins had occa- sion to send her son Ezra over the river to a Mr. Nelsou'.s on an errand, and re- quested him to drive back the cows, which she thought she saw among the hills north of 3lr. Nelson's. The boy did the errand and then went to the place where his mother saw, as she thought, the cows, and rode into a squad of thirty or forty wild Indians. He turned his honse instantly and rode for life toward home, the IntUans following and shooting at him but without effect. He madi' the mistake a boy of his tender age, V2 years, was likely to make, dis- mounted and ran into tht- brush and among the sand hills, hoping, doul)tless, that the Indians would take the horse and not i)ursue him. In this he was mistaken. Two Indians followed and shot him while tlie others secured the horse. His mangled l)ody was recovered that night and l)rougli"t to his grief stricken mother, almost in whose pres- ence the foul murder was committed. During this chase and work of death the family of Mr. Nelson tied and were saved, but their horses and their goods were carried off by the Indians. Another raid earlier than this, at Scandia, and the Indian troubles were ended and ))eace reigned all along the frontier. Scandinavians had settled that country Being warned of the danger of Indian depredations they took precautions against them, but, like many others abandoned them just as danger wa.- near. They had withdrawn their senti- nels from tiie hills and dreamed of secur- ity and happiness, just as a party of savages appeared in the ueighboihood. Tw(n)t>ys were herdin"; horses and the savage brutes rode down upon them, killing one, Init the other luckily es- caped. Five horses made up the booty, and the Indians made good their escape. Thus ended the Indian troubles, which had lasted nine years, keeping the set- tlers in the most trying unrest, and sub- jecting them to heavy losses in time and means. ,At the Republican convention, this year, I. N. Dalrymple, of Solomon "township, received the nomination and election to the House. Mr. D. made a very active member, but we do not re- member of any special measure he whs the author of. 1861). The winter of 1868-fl was alter- natelv cold and warm with but little HISTOBY OP OhOUD iJOlM'i^. snow. ITie spring opened favorafcly and a good crop year was predicted which was iultilled. imraigranls poured into the country, and it now seemed certain that the county was on a safe and sure road to prosperity. The peo- ple flattered themselves that the Indian troubles had ended, and that henceforth they could ilwell in the land they loved so w ell in jjeace. But again their hopes were to be blasted and their dreams of peace and happiuess were again to take their cus- tomary tiight to the realms of tloubtand unceitaiuiiy. As before related, a son of Hanah aiid Homer Adkins was mur- dered by tlie Indians in sight of his fathers house. A number of horses were stolen, and several other less im- portant tlepredations were committed by the i'lains Indians. There was a sudden cl.eck of Immigration to the front, but in a few weeks it was again renewed and a continuous stream flowed on for several years. SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY SEAT DIS- PUTE. It had been very plain to the observ- ers of county matters for some time that a crises was approaching on the county seat question. A good road had been surveyed and opened on the south side of tlie river from Jun not know till- oriiiiii of thi.s name I ticvc: saw one and never hear ol' one nniil 1 caiiie to Kan.-as l-or tli • benelh of my reailersa lli uisaii'l years lience! 1 will il'.scribe the true • • Kan.sas ilnif-nn t . " 11 is a cellar Oulc ill tile siil(! of a :iill . any .-^izede.'-ir (I. It.sliip:lit can snit your taste and coiueie ce, Init is u.~n- rjly <>ii;lu feel l<> tlie lool. I he sides and inner end are lorined liy the earth Heavy timliers. usually two K" i'roni end t^ end in the mi'iille, and then reaeliih.; to the sides p les are laid, and on the imles traw or hay , S(),i.eti:i es lir,.sh tirsc lid iheii siiau'. and on this a suili- cient (|ui)car. wlieu the vote b.y which Concordia wa^•. made the county seat is con.sidered : V\'e see:.l:)y the" record above tliat in t! e iirst election Concor- dia lacked only -i votes of having a ma- jority over both Clyde and vSibley and planned and carrie at the final elecVioii she liad bO majority It was equallv a: out of a total vote of isi!)}. The simple truth is that Mr. Dutton, claims and made their dug outs or Mr. Page and their confederates, were erected cabbins. In the si)ring the striving their best to drfcnt the will of busy hum of mdustry was heard on the people. And they conti-uied to eveiy haul and the transformation of work at tliat until legal i);-oceedings' the wild prairie into farms went vigor- were about to lie Ix'gunto compel thera ouslyon. to do their duty, and tlien the\- sneaked Tl'iis year the strong desire for a rail- to the county seat like wiiipped spaniels, road took shape in the submission of Mr. McEckron was elected by 81 ma- two ))ropositions to vote bonds, one to jority, he receiving ::;88 to 157 for IMr. the Kansas Central and one to the Cen- Berry. tral Branch rtiilroad Companies. The So this .scheme, concocked to defeat latter carried and the other was defeat- the will of the i)cH)])le in selecting the ed. Neitiier was built, county seat, was thwarted and tiie In 187-3 tlie Junction City and Fort 'seheraers' brought to grief. Kearney Co., asked the County Corn- There were four tiuildings on tlie town niission'ers to submit a proposition, but site, now containing over a .section of they retused, because the Company did land, Octolier (irst, 1870. Oae was 'V' Pf'-^itively agree to come through owned liv J. M. Hagaman, one by (i. W. Clyde. .Vndrows, one bv A. A. Carnaiian, the l^'n"*'. tli''^ .vcar, .swept away a other was the county building, erected J:»''^'*' I'ortion of Concordia. The lire by the town company witii the help of started m the building- on the south east some of the citizens. ' " About this time work was l)egun on the Land OiHce building, and others immediately began tosi)riiig u]). From this date the success of the town was as- sured. The excessive drouth, thisyear, ruiiu'd the early corn crop, and seriously short- ened the wheat crop. During .June and July there was not rain enougii to wet the ground half an inch. Wlieat aver- aged about eight bushels to the acre. corner of tJth and VVashiu'jton streets and liurnt over nine lots. It oc- curred the night before Chrstmas. 18i8. We pass this year without de- taining the reader with' the narration of unimportiuit events. Crops were short, the rainfall being stinted. The winter was mild and dry, very little snow fall- ing. l87f. The most notable events of this were drouth and grasshopiiers, both of which we had a surfeit. Protracted droutlis threatened the destruction of While early corn yielded notlnng. I ins corn and some other crops, and serious year was extremely tavo.ade to lazy ly cut short the wheat croi). Fortu farmers, who through shut essne.s.s de- liately grasshoppers, in their old famil layed corn planting till June. I his iur sl'vle and quantities, ind in an ap came up and sti-uggled along till the August rains and much of it turneil out a fair crop. "Sod corn" also did widl. This being planted in Juno received the benetit of the late rains and in some cases yielded twenty bushels to the acre. Frost held oil" till late in October. United States Senators E. G. Ross and S. C. Pomeroy visited tliis county tliis quantities, ])ut in an aj)- ])earauce. They were intensely numerous and hungry, and destroyed what was green, iria very short time. A controversy, has been going on ever since as to wliether the drouth or the grasshoppers destroyeil the crop, but we see no rea- son for controversy, for if the grass- hoppers liad not come there would not summer, the latter going as far west have been a crop, and on the other hand HISTORY OF CLOUD COUNTY. 31 if the crop had beeu evei'.so good, the grassho})pers woiihl have taken it. 1875. Tills year the rains were time- ly and aljiiRihmt, and a <^<)od crop was raised. 1876. Up to this date not a foot of railroad had been built in the county, and the people became very anxious to have a road. At lengtir the "slow <.-oaeh" of the Central Branch eonelud- ed to move, and its.auent was sent here to ask the county for l^onds. They were voted ai;d on the 8t!i day of January 1877, the first locomotive whistle sound- ed in Concordia. Tlit^ I'ext ye;ir tlie road was built on to Beloit and Kirwin, and a branch to Scandia and Talma<;'e, in Republic county. The Junction City and l-'ort Ke;irney Co. asked for l^ond-; to build io Cf)ncor- dia at the same time the Central Branch did, and was refused. The tirst month of the operr.tion of the Central Brar.ch it took fi-om Con- cordia 1,10;) car loads of freiolit. Tlie statement of tlie President. R. AI. Fom- eroy, is our authority for this. Tins re- markable trahcsliows at once the great demand for a railroad i.i this county. We are satisfied tlial tlie e.vtra price realized by the faruKM-s on tliis and the next year's croj) i-nore than rendered an equivalent to them rnd the busi- ness men for tlie bonds given the road, !?7(),0(IU. The winter of 187C-7 was very mild and open. In January frequci.t light rains fell and kejit the ror.ds in a muddy condition. This year proved a vei-y fair crop year, an average yield of tlie cer- eals were ])roduced. 1878. This year passed without any noteworthy evv'ntsand 1810 was ushered in with promising weather. Growing weary of the Central Brarch monopoly, the people of the county seat moved to prociu'e anotlier road and suc- ceeded in getting an cxtention from Clyde of the Junction City and Fort Kearney. Their hopes of competition, however, were to be disapjjointed for ere the tirst train arrived tlie Central Branch had pas.sed into the Gould sys- tem" and both went under his manage- ment. 1880-81-8:2-80 8f, do not furnish to]iics of interest of a nature to warrant us in writing at length. Farming and busi- ness have constantly increased and. tio'irished in a most satisfiictory man- ner. This year, in the month of Septem- ber, the fourth railroad was built into the county and the third oik^ to the county seat. 1 he following map sliov.- the streams that water the county and the location of the principal towns. Many important events have been omitted from the general history to be inserted in the separate history of tae most important trade centers. CLVI-.K. Our .separate history begins with Elk Towi:.s!iip. The town and townsliip wevQ named after Elk Creek, which ris- es in Washington and Repid.lic counties. Hows southeily and empties irto the Republican river one mile east of Clyde. Tiie soil of this township is imsurj)ass- ed for richness. The surface alonV the river and creeks is generally level and away from them it is moderately rolling. Elk townslii)) wasseltledin 18S'). Mr. Parks and wife and several children, beir.g the tirst settlers. Their claim v.-as tlie ■ Old Heller place," as it used to be known, and comprised the terri- tory, in part, where the Kansas Pacific depo stands. Mr. Park s claim shanty stood near the foot of the hill north of the Pomeroy Hou~e, and was buUt of ])uncheon set upright, and covered \.-ith dirt. In SetJtember or October Moses Heller and his two sons, David and Is- rael came. The last named v»'ere the first permanent settlers of Elk township. When the writer came to Elk, (July 8, 1860) Parks a'd his family had been suli- sisting on jirked bulfVilo meet for six weeks, and was very anxious to sell and get away. At this same? date the re lived m a house on the rise of ground west of p]lk creek, —a log house erected by the Eaton Town Company,— Mr. Kearney, and his reputed wife ar.d child. They were not married. This woman pre- sented the most abject and poverty stricken appearance. She had but one garment on and that was so rent in many places that she had to hold the rents together to hide her naked body. The condition of these two families was enough to discoura<^e many jieople from seeking a home in the country, but this party soon discovered that the country was 'not responsible f(n- their contiit'.ou. The last named claimed no settlement and left next month. Charles and Peter Conkling and Jac- ob Heller, son of Moses Heller, were the next settlers. They o».cupiidthe house, just described, vvitii the wife of Jacob Heller, who was a sister of the Conk- Lng's. They also had another sl>ter. Jacob Keller accidently shot himself shortly after he came tliere by pulling his ritie, mu/.zle foremost, toward him from a wagon. Th.e hammer caught on a bolt of'shingle timbc!-, with which the wagon v.'as loaded, and slipped be- fore It got to the half cock catch in the tumbler of the lock. INlr. Heller was burled at Elk and was the tirst i)erson buried there. I^manuel Clint! and wife came in 1881-, HISTORY OF CLOUD COUNTY but made uo settlement. They lived awhile with Moses Heller. The early part of the summer of 1862, tlie postal route to Irving was extend- ed to Clifton, and James Fox appointed postmaster, and in tlie autumn of that year it was extended to Elk and Moses Heller appointed postmaster. He held the office over fifteen years. Mr. Heller's house was the general stop ping plaee for travelers. He welcomed all wlio came and rarely took pay for entertaining them. He was a genial man social and generous to a fault. Moses Heller never went on a hunt for luaians, and his advice was rarely sought for. He staid right at home and minded his own business, and so did his son Israel. The latter never went on an Indian scout either and refused to let their horses go even under the most pressing demands for them. This much is due to truth. We dont intend to allow the men who did the hard and dangerous work of i)rotecting this border to be robbed of the credit due them for their great sacrihce, and given to those who did nothing. Elk township did less towards protecting the border than did any other settleil poi-tion of the county. If it furnished a single man to go on a scout the lirst four years of its settlement, we fail to recall his name. In the spring of 1800 Cowls ct Davis started a store in one part of Heller's log ho.ise, one load ot goods comprised tlie s;ock, and the sales were rapid and the collections slow. A considerable ))or- tion of them are yet uncollected: Mr. Charles Davis continued in busi- n-^ss after the partnersliip of Cowls kt D.ivis was dissolved and became one of the most prominent men of the town. In the autumn of this year Andn>w W. Smith, a worthy resident of Elk, conceiv- ing the idea of raising some money by trapping on the .Solomon, set out with his son Uriah and James Neely with this object in view. They fell in with a part3' of Otoe Indinns and tlie mistake of MV. Smith was that he did not remain wih them. Neely and Uriah returned home with a loud of butlalo meat and Mr. Smith remained. He was never again seen alive — nor duad — by his friends. The story of the Indians was, made to the writer by the Chief, Big Soldier, that Smith remained a day or so with them and then went liigher up tiie river, and that was the last they saw of him. We believe them. Hovering arounil in front of the Otoes, doubtless, were scouts or pickets from the wild tribes of the Plains, and into these Mr. Smith unknowingy went and was killed. In the autumn of 1800 the Clyde Town Co., was "organized and Elk changed to Clyde. The growtii of the town was slow until 180i), when immigration be- gan to flow into the county, since which time it has had a healthy growth. It has two railroads, an excellent school edifice, several churches some elegant dwellings, a large number of business houses, grist mill, two newspapers, the Herald, owned by John LJ. Kupe, and the Mail, owned by J. C. Cline. It has the honor, also of having the hrst news- paper published in the countj-, the lit- publican Valky Empire, started by Henry Buckingham, — smce removed to Concordia. The population numbers about 1,500. She is one of the most en- terprising towns of the west. Location, four miles south, and one and a halt west from the north and east lines of the county and a half mile north of the Republican river. It furnished two soldiers for the Union army, David Heller and Emanuel Clini'. We are unal)le to tind any record evi- dence showing when Clyde was organ- ized a city of tlie tliird class. But think it was in August 1874, as the Judg- ment of the Supremi' court affirm- ing the Judgment of the District court annulling the hrst organization was tiled in the Clerk of the Court's office at this time. The lirst })erm:inent settlement estab lished in the county was on E)Im Creek in .July 1800. We have already referred to the persons who made it. In the month of August, this year, these three families were the only per- sons residing in the count3'. Tho.se who had previously made settlement left during the Indian excitement in July and none ever resumiul their settlement. In 1801 William Cha})anskie, and family, Fred Chapanskie and family, Mr. Web- er, Ceorge Wilson. In 1SM5.' Zacliriah Swearingeu and family, Richard Cough- len and family, David Roiiertson and family and Joseph Berry and family. From tills settlement there enlisted in the Union army, Jose])h Berry, Fred Cliapanskie, (George W ilson, .lacol) and Caleb Thorp (sons of John ]\I. Thorp) and David Rol^ertson. Elm, Beaver and Dry creeks run through the township while the Repul) Mean Hows along the north and a })or- tion of the east side. This was the third best timbered townsliip in the county. The town of Ames, in this township, is located on the right bank of the Re- Republican and at tiu' contlueneeof Elir. with tliat river, and on tiie Central Branch. It has a de])o, hotel, the larg- est grain elevator in the county, several stores, post office, livery stables, etc. The inhabitants number about 150. This town ha.s a very pleasant location. Many interesting incidents to frontier J-.cfC. HISTORY OF CLOUD COUNTY. life occurred ill llic ciirly days am()aiii;"li to narrate. Shortly atter our SL-ttleiiieiit in July, the ehiklren came screaniii)t>' into the house, iwhieh stood on thi' bank of Elm creek where the wa^ion ro;jd now woss- es it,) t^'rror stricken and shouting "the devil, the devil just come riglit up out of tiie creek." Indians, was the tirst thought of the writer, and he grasped his riHe and carefully explored the place where his satanic majesty was rep- resented to be by tlie lialf frightened to death children, and tliere he beheld, in all his majesty, a noi)le specimen of the bull burt'aio. A shot from his trusty riHe and he fell dead in his tracks, and about twenty feet from tiie house. Shortly after this, one night about 10 o'clock, Fenskie, who lived a quarter of a mile east, shouted, "Indians, Indians, Indians, come quick." V\'e went "((uick" not stopjjiiig to dress, but when we reached Fenskies, the 'Indians' were gone ; — they were wolves, after his soap greese! One day in October '61 the writer saw a buttalo feeding near where Ames now is, and lie at once determined to have him. Tiie tirst shot from his riHe wounded him and he would have made his escape but for his dog who came at the crack of the ritle and engaged him in-battle. Few dogs would tackle a butlalo, but tills one would throat even an Indian if told to. Another inetfective shot antl the IniU became terrii)le. With his head near the ground ;.nd tail erect, he would again and again dash at the dog and fairly make tlie grovmd tremble with his bellowing. No events in the arena of bull tights ever surpassed this in the awful rage of tlie tormented beast. The bravery of the dog eciualled the fury of tiie luiU and witli the mast pro- voking intlitierence to his own safety he would play about the head of the in- furiated beast, occasionally nijiping his nose, or his heels if he turned to run. At length the bull yielded tlie contest and lieat a retreat," l)ut unfortunately the hunter was directly in tlie line of retreat and as, when nuuldened to frenzy, they never turn aside for man, his situation became perilous in the extreme. Half of the distance between tiiem iiad Ijeen passed and the bull was now Avithin fif- teen feet of him, and his eyes, verily. Hashing hre. To jumj) one side and let him pass seemetl the only alternative, and instantly attemi)ting this, he sprang, when, iiorror, the only l)Utton that held his buckskin pants flew otl" and down around his feet ihe cumb(>rsome gar- ment tell and he was ancliored to tlie spot! At this juncture lie yelled to his faithful dog "take liim Jack, ' and he instantly seized t.;e Hying bull by the noze, was Hung t.'u feet ia the air and entirely over him, the tremendious eftort of the bull to relieve himself from the dog swayed him to one side and he passed the hunter within reach his of hand. The interest of the reader has possi- bly created a desire to know what be- came of this buttalo. Gathering up his pants he followed him, with his limpmg dog, towards the mouth of Elm creek, whither he had Hed, and making a but- ton out of apiece of bush, he secured his pants against another like mishap! The bull went down the river bank and fol- lowed down the stream to the "Big Is- land" where he was again aroused and Hed, but was brought to bay again by the dog, and shot about half a mile south of the lower end of the Island, just as dusk had so dimmed the sights of his riHe that he was obliged to take aim alongside of the barrel. This was the farthest east a buffalo was killed in the Republican valley since its settlement in 1860. One more and we shall have to dose. One of the greatest pests to the fron- tiersman was the begging Indians. These were very numerous and trouble- some. Dire vengeance was often thi'eat- ened, but never carried intoettect. One day in December, 1864, one came to the house of the writer and began his cus- tomary begging, much to the annoy- ance of his wife. The scout, G. F. Oak- ley, was stopping there, and having ob- served him for a while, he said, "Mrs. H. do you want this duck around here?" He was promptly answered in the nega- tive, when he ordered him to leave. Blu.stering up he gave Mr. O. to under- stand that he woiUd "go when he got ready," at wiiich Oakley took hold of him, shoved him towarc^s the door, and kicked him thi-ough it. Making haste to his pony he mounted, and when as- tride of him he shook his fist at Oakley, in a threatening manner. At this Mr. O. jirked out his revolver and lired at him, bearly missing him, and he flung himself on the opposite side of his poney and rode away as fast as he could ride. Reaching a neighbors house, where he had been given a squash, he hurriedly shouted, "give me squash, quick, God damn"he shoot Indian." Of course "God damn" did not mean the writer as he was forty miles away? LINCOLN. This township is comjiosed of i of con- gressional township 6, and a portion of 5 range three west. It is bounded on the north by the Rpublican, nearly or auite fifteen miles of that river runing along its northern boundary. Portions of Oak and Wolf creeks pass through it and Lost creek takes its rise in it. We believe that the credit of being th^. first settler must be given to a Mr. \Volf, 04 HISTORt O^^Cmbh iX>mTf. who made his claim in 1859, laid the foundation for his cabin, which he com- pleted the nextsprino; and moved into It with his family. He broke and plant- ed and lived there until near the close of the vear when he found it necessary to ero to the settlements to get supplies to live on. He did not retui-n, but after- wards some of his family did. (We are in doubt as to whether his claim was in Lincoln or Buffalo, but feel quite well as.sured that it was in the former) To N. H. Eaves and family, however, is due the credit of being the lirst perma- nent settlers. They settled on the river one and a half miles north of Concordia November 2,- ISOo and maintained their settlement. About the same time Rich- ard Worst settled at the mouth of Lost creek. William English with his family in the spring of 18(5(3. One part of his place adjoins the townsite of Concordia on the north. Joseph Decker settled on Oak creek, on the farm, now owned by Richard CouglileUj in 18(57. Albert Green settled in 18(57, his place joined the town of Concordia on the West. William Collins and family, settled in the spring of 18GG. George Hibner and family settled in 18G7. Wiliam Towns- din and family in the spring of 1867, "We believe the above to be all who lo- cated prior to 18(58. This last named year a few more set- tlers were added, atuong tliem G. W. Andrews and J.M Hagaman and family. At the election in November seven votes were i)o]Ied. As identified witli the location of the county seat and tlie founding of Con- cordia, it may be well to give the reason for the writer leaving his home on Elm creek and taking a prairie claim in Lin- coln. In August 1868, he had fully de- termined to settle in Clyde and build a hotel and follow the business of keeping it. To this end he sought the ;own com- pany and asked it for a location. At first the members seemed quite anxious to have him come tliere and oft'ered him an acre for a nominal sum. Two or three days later, and when ready to commence putting material on the ground, he called on Charles Davis to be shown the location and, to his sur- prise, he took him several lots furtiier west and would give him but two lots for the money. The 'acre' could not be had at all. A change had evidently come over the minds of the Company. They did not want him there and he solemnly swore he never would settle there and that the county seat should "go west" and to Lincoln township, \vhere it now is. Saying to Mr. Davis, "I'll see you again, he bid him 'good day,' and the next day took up the claim that forms the town site north of the Central Branch road. "County seat" and to "beat Clyde"' was his constant thought by day and his dreams by night, and this should be done if it took every ox, cow and horse he had. G. W. Andrews happening along was induced to settle upon the mile strip along side of Hagaman's, under the as- surance that it had "County seat in it," but that intention must be ke])t a "i)ro- fonnd secret." Andrews was a "lucky catch," for he is the best worker ujxif any scheme we ever met. Strangely enough there were men, whose vote's were essential in this contest, who would not "vote the County seat here if Haga- man wanted it here," and others, as sil- ly, if Andrews was to be benefitted, or English, or Eaves, by it. Their votes were all seciu'ed, however, andthe cost was not great! Having dwelt uponthe subjec' PROGEESSIVE HISTORY OF CONCORDIA. Elevation Abovo Tide Water at the Point Where the Central Branch Road Cross- es Broadway, 1,389 feet. Above Low Water in the Missou- ri at Atchison, 593. Tiie following clipped from the Set- tlers Adviser, published February 1872, by L. J. Crans «& Co., is a fair descrij)- tion of Concordia at the time it was written: "We can name with pride our coimty seat. Scarcely a year has })assed since its organization and we now have a town in which all branches r)f business have several representatives. Concordia is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Republican river at a ])oint which will allow an indefinite extension along tlie level bottom land. The southwest- ern ])ortion is luululating and high, af- fording magnificent building sites — giv- ing a fine view of the surrounding^ couu- trv and of the river fringed witli tim- ber." The town site proper contams 515 acres and to this has been added about 100 acres more. The business streets are 100 antl 1'20 feet wide and the residence portion 80 feet wide. The alle3-s are :.'0 feel wide. The business lots are :2:Jxl82 feel and the residence lots 44x132. Around the outskirts the lots vary in size. About 800 lots were given awaj' b^' the town Co., to get the town under way, and for some time lots were sold at mere nominal prices to those who would build. The diversity of lots from low and level to high and rolling, suit the pecu- liar and varying tastes of people. Tiie city is easily drained, thereby a healthy condition at moderate cost. Water is easily obtained, and of the best quality. About 35 feet on the low HmTimr O^ OtOUD, COUNTY. ground, and ?0 on the high ground .se- cures a never failing well. Contami- nation from privy vault.s i.s impossilile. unless they are sunk to an unwarranted depth, whieii can be guarded against by ordinance. Railroads have l)een mentioned in the general history. The country surrounding the city and tributary to it presents as tine a 'land- scape view as many of the most noted places of the world. It is an encliant- ing sight, in May, when the dreary brown of winter has been transformed to the clieery green of summer, to fol- low the winding of the timljer skirtetl Republican and the lines of timber that indicate tiie numerous creeks; to feast the e3-es upon the various slopes and levels, all covered with the vendure oi spring. But the real wealth is found in the soil. It is from this to a great extent, the millions must come to build uj) and enrich the town. 'I'o be sure manu- factories will do their part, bvit tiiej- hold a secondary ])lace m tiie ])rocess of building u]). The soil is here and all it needs is the hand of industry to make it produce the 'millions.' Cheap fuel is of the highest advan- tage to a town, and this exists, and tiie supply is inexhaustable. Coal is being mined a mile south of the city. The Republican river has been secure- ly dammed and furnishes water i)ower enough to run an immense amount of machinery. There is across the river the finest and best built d^,m in the state of Xansas, and nostate can produce a bet- ter. One of the finest, if not the most ele- gant and best school building in the State has just been completed. In sciiool advantages tlie city will make it an object for i)eople to send their children hei'e from abroad to iiave their education finished. In conclusion let us say, Concordia has had a steadj', and therefore healthy growth, from the day she began her ex- istance, and has, from all apjiearance, as bright a future in prospect as she lias liad in the i)ast, and that is good enougii. In point of intelligence and morals lier iJ,oUiJ people are not behind tiie most favored in other lands. When we consitler the eminent pro- gress Concorilia lias made in the few years she has existed, and the Ijound- "less resources of the soil and country around her;of her numerous cajjabilitios for growth and expansion, may we not reasonably predict for her in tlu? near future a city of 80,t(l() ])eople. We so jiredict. SIBLEY— LOCATION AND HISTORY. The township of Sib.ev comprises tlie territory on the north side of the Republican river and west of range two Two tliirds of the township is river bot- tom, a small portion of the other third i.s inoderately rolling and the remainder hilly. Tiie i)roduetive qualities of the bottom hind is equal to any other in the county and the same is true of the ujj- laiid, compared wiih the same class of hmds in the county. In the north east ])art of the town are tlie coal mines, a very valualde industry. Minersville is a village of some iho inhabitants and located on the north line of the township. Has a store, post ofHce, school house and public hall. SETTLEMENT OF SIBLEY TOWNSHIP. Tlie lirst settlement of the townshij) was made in the spring of 1800 liy Sut MeCiuaity and John Allen. Both liad families. Their places were about one mile north of the Lake. They 1 uilt a double log house for accommo- dation of tlieir families, broke eight or ten acres of prairie and planted it. Tiiey possessed cattle, horses, hogs, and chick- ens, and were verv well fixed for new- settlers. (^ne morning al^oul tlie middle of Jul}' ]S()0, tiiey were aroused by com- moti.)n among their fowls, and on looking out, to their utter astonishment, they saw Indians spearing their ciiick- ens Otiiers of the dusky tribe were closely oliserving them through the cracks of tiieir log houses. There was considerable commotion within that, heretofore, quiet domicile. There was '^getting u]i and dusting," as one of tiie family told us. Indians were everj-- (•vhere, "thousands of them,'' as report- ed at tlie time, and fear for their lives seized tlie whole househ(dd, and as s])eedily as was jiossilile tliey put what they could of their furniture in their Wiigons, jiitehed on their teams and headed them eastward. Arriving at Elk creek tliey already found the set- tlers gathered tliere and prejiared for war. Some iiunters came in and report- ed three nations of warriors in the vi- cinity of Lake Sibley, the Cheyennes, Araiiaiioes, and Sioux, together num- bering l."),()i)0. Tiie situation was not a jdeasant nor desirable one. The In- dians were insolent, acting as tlio they woi.kl kill at the slightest jirovocation. They were not given it, wiiicli is, prob- ably, the only rcastm no one was killed. Tlie excitement at Elk was inten.se. Wives appealed to their husliands to leave th(> country and go to a place of safety. Five families intending to settle on Elm creek came one day and left the next, taking witli tiiem John Sheets and family, the Elm creek settler. Allen and McQuarty removed their stock as soon as tney tliouglit it safe and left formore congenial climes. About the fifth day of the excitein-Mit 26 HISTORY OF CLOUD COUNTY 700 Pottawatomie Indians went west on a hunt and the wild Indians sought safety in retreat and the exeitenient was at an end. Allen and MeQuarty never a<^ain re- sumed their settlement. Several families wintered at the Lake the next winter, but none became set- tlers at tiiat time. The next .settler was A. B. Cross, who esiablislied liis heme there in 1862, and maintained it, with an oeeasioriul inter- mission. Dennis Taylor and I)emi)>ey, hi.s son, established their residt-nee Iti 1804. Bai- ley, and family, .Miehael Swartz and and Cornelius Keed eame in 18(50, and B. C. Sanders in 1807. THE LAKE AND ITS NAMESAKE TOWN. Lake Sibley is nothing more nor less than an old bed of the Republican, made b^' the river describing a large circle in the form of a horse shoe and then cut- ting a ehaiiuel across the narrow end. The river drift closed both ends and left the pool that is known as the Lake. It is now a mile and a half long, but when formed must haAe been live or six miles. There was in the early days manj- fish in it, but they have l)een caught out faster than they bred. Mr. A. A. Carnahan, of Concordia, located a {piarter section of land a half mile north of the Lake in 1807, and dreamed of a cit^- and worlds of wealth! Of course he had' "county seat' in view, and to this end he labored with zeal and skill. In 180!) he had a portion of his land surveyed and ])latted it in a town site. We have before spoken of the success and ruin of this town and the causes that lead to it and it is unnecessary to rei)eat then). A shell of a building re- mains where ten thousand dollars was once invested in buildings. The school house is yet in tolerable condition. Sibley was the best timliered of ixuy township in the county. In 1860 heavy timber existed between the Lake and the river with an occasional stretch of prairie, and extended westward and eastward along the river. On the west along the river, was heavy belts of *\m- ber. I.AWHENCKBIKG. The north part of this township lies between Elk on the east and Sibley on the west, and the south part between Shirley on the I'ast and Lincoln on the west. The Repulilican runs through the middle of it. Frank Lawrence and his mother were the lirst settlers. The date of their settlement we are imable to fix, but tliink it was in 1863 or 1804. Nathaniel Fox, I). B. Dimes, were the next settlers. All these settled on the north si(i(> of the river. Salt creek rises in Republic county, runs south througii tne nortli part of the township. The town of Lawrencebiu'g is located on ^alt creek. The Kansas Pacific road passes through it and a branch of the same road runs to Bt-Ueville, the countv seat of Republic county. The B. & Af. road cuts tlie north-west corner. The town has a dei)o, post office, store and grain elevator. The settlement of South Lawrence is loo modern to merit attention. The Central Branch runs through it near the south line. Lawience was the second best timbered township in the county. The town of Rice, in this township, is located on the C. B. road, has a store, post office and elevator. STAHK. This lownsnip is located in the south- east corner of the county, and is con- gres.sional townshij) 8, range 1 west. We have no record of the first settler. Chai)man creek rises in this township and fiows south easterly and discharges in the Smoky Hill. There is not much level land in the township, but the soil is good. Here, in the autumn of 1860, the writer hunted bufi'alo, there being hundreds of thousands of them there. Milton vale, is located four miles west pf the east line of the township and at the terminus of the Kansas Central. It is a city of the third class, with a pop ulation of five or six himdred. It has a good grist mill several business houses and a good hotel. It has one news pajjer, the Miltonvale Xcu-s. • GRANT. Is the north-west township in the county, and one of the best. Buflalo creek runs through it from west to east and Cheyenne, a tributarj', comes into it from the south. Fourfifths of th(? land is creek bottom, and of the richest quality. Jamestown is located near the center east and west, but near the southern boiuidarj'. This is an enterprising city of the third class. The Central Branch passes through it and the Mankato and Burr Oak l)ranch starts out. The city con- tains about seven hundred jjeople. It was not far from this site of this town where the Western and the East- ern Indians had a three days battle in 1800, in which, we regret to say, not an Indian was killed. Jamestown has a news paper, T/ic K-d)is(ni. owned by Mr. Burton. NELSON. DThis township is composed of con- gressional township six, range two west. HIST(3RV OF CLOUD COUNTY George Greathou.se aiuU family were the first settlers. "Twin mounds, ' are on the west branch of Elm creek in tliis townsliip and one of' them is on the farm of \V'. B. Brisl)ine. Ou the summit of this high mound, in July 18(30, were nourishing wild black currants. From its sides iiowed no springs, not even was tliere an indication of one. Yet, since the settlement of that country a tine spring sprtmg from the west side of tile mound and not far from the summit. There is a post ortiee in Nel.on town- -liip. SOLOMON. Ho much has teen said of this town- ship in the general history that not much more is left to be said. It is the south-west corner township, with the Solomon rive,- running through it from west to east. The soil is fertile and well adapted to the rai.sing of all the cereals and roots of Kansas. The town of Solomon numbers aljout 200 people, has a good grist mill and newspaper. The S/oi, Ferd Prince, i)ro- })rietor. creek in 1851, built his cabin aiul estab- lished liis residence. In 1^(50 four fami- lies lived in tiie township, and quite a number of claims had been taken. Has a post office and store. This is con- gressional township 8, range H west. OAKLANl; This township had claimants of land as early as 18(51, but we cannot recall their names, nor can we determin<^ whether they ever became settlers. A portion of this township is rugged, but the soil is fertile. This is congress- ional township 8, range two west. BUFFALO. James Heftington was the first settler of this township, btit abandoned his claim. Benjamin White was the hrst permanent settler. We have said all that needs to be said of him and this township in the l)ody of this history. SUMMIT. So called because it lies on the iiight of land between the Repulilican and Solomon rivers. It is a-very good town- ship of land. Has no village. LYON. Lies east of Solomon and west of Mereditli. Is an excellent township of land. Too much uncertainty as to the tirst settlers to attempt to give them. Cool, is the name of the post olHce. COLFAX. Lies between Starr and Shirley with Aurora on the west, and in it Mulberry, the east branch of Elm Creek, Beaver and Dry creeks, take rise. It is wholly upland, but the soil is good. We have no record of the tirst pettier. AUKOKA Lies west of Colfax and is congress- ional township 7, range 2 west, it lies nearly between the east and west branches of Elm creek. It is a good township of land. Do not know the tirst settler. AKION Wm. M. Wilcox and family are the tirst settlers of this towns'nip. It is among the best in the county. Has a post otiice and store. .MEKEUITH A Mr Stone took a claim on Pipe THE MILL ENTERPRISE. In the month of November 1870 Hil- liare Lanoae selected a site for a saw and grist mill, wJiere it now stands, and in the month of December brought from Nebraska his engine, boiler and machinery and soon had t!ie saw mill at work. A year or two afterwards he erected a stone building and put in two buri's and began to grind. In 187::^ he commenced work on a dam across the Republican. This was an enterprise that few men, even with an abundance of capital to back them, would dare to undertake, l)ut Mr. Lanoue, without any capital, plunged in and succeeded in making a permanent dam, tho' at the sacrilice of a good many "damns," we fear. Four times the dam broke, costing thousands of dollars to repair it, but he, and his associates, whom he had taken in as partners, heroically worked on and spent world's of cash un- til they linally succeeded in making a permanent dam. The river here is 400 feet wide and Hows on a bed of sand nearly 3.) feet deep. The dam is made of brush, rock, sod and jjiles, the latter driven through the immense mass of the former: ou these are sleepers hrmlj- bolted and on them are two inch pine platik tirmly spiked. It is jjermanent. The founder of the mill, Mr. Lanoue, has parted with his interest in it and a new company has been f<)rmed with H. M. Spalding President. All tnc modern improvements for making Hour have been added and it is now ill eveiy particular a lii'st class mereiiant mdl. HLS1N)RY OF CLOlfD COCr]S*'ri'. AX IMPORTANT INDUSTRY. We h:iv(; rofereuce lo the wagou iu;in- ut'aetory and repair .shoj) of Hull & Son on VVasiilngtou, soutli side of the citv windmill and tank. This hous^' ha.s had the credit for a long time of making the best wagons in this markeL, and of being the best and most prom])t in rej)airing farm ma- chinery, and relaying and pointing plows, and witli tile faelities they now have they can do blotter work and with greater disi)ateii. And besides tiiey can do a class of work, with tlie use of tiieir new maeinnery, they eould not do with- out it. They have erected a tine new, iron covered lire proof building, two stories high, which gives tiiem ample room for thecontluct of their business. They have just put in and got to run- ning, an engine with am])le power to runtheir machniery. Also, a large, new Screw cutting Power Latiie, of the best make, it is capaljle of turning a rod of iron ten fct long and cuttinga screw any sized thread desiretl the same length. It is a very useful piece of maciiinery. We may also menticni tiieir jjower propelled emerj' stones, whieh are of the best known make. There is also a large grindstone run by power, for grinding plows and suc'.i other articles as need grinding. There is no class of farm machinery now except those needing castings, but what this tirm can repair. This will i)rove a great saving in time and ex))ense to the people of this and other counties. Too much credit cannot be given to Hull i.^ .Sun for tiicir enterprise and tiiey should \Hi patronized by the public. They have already expended several thousand dollars, and will make other '.nvestments and improvements as soon as a growing business shall demand. book, we ask the patronage of our read- ers, we believe them wortny of it and will deal honorably with them. APOL(^GKTI0. We set out to write this history with- out lionizing anyone and we feel sure that we have succeeded. But we also aimed to give due credit where credit was due and in this we feel as tho we have succeeded. All references to the work or acts of the writer are regretfully made. It seemed however, impossible to write a truth- fully history' of the county without mak- ing them — we could have followed the ex ample of others and u'illfuUy ami false- ly omitted such reference. The reader can skip them if he wants to without otiendiiig us. If we appear too harsh in any re- marks concerning an}- town or individ- ual, we reply that the causes whicii pro- voked tiu'm were mucii greater and mucii more numerous than appear in the book. In no case have we said any more than what seeiued to us necessary to be said, and there we have stopped. We iuive [jurposely refrained from giv- ing credit to some parties, as "hrst settlers," whose over zealous friends claimed as such, and for the good and substantial reason that we know the c/'iiiii is false of our own persona! knowledge. We set out with the intention of men- tioning specially sue!, legislative meas- ures as tlie several representatives were tlie authors of, but could not procure the legislative records in time to do so. To all those gentlemen, however, we give the credit of doing their duty and working for, what they believed to be, the best interest of the couutv and State. A GOOD WORD FOR OLR ADVERTISERS. We have not admitted to these pa<^es all wiio wanted advertising space. We have exercised caution in this respect, and admitteil those only whom we be- lieve to be reliable; and so believing, we unhesitatingly recommend them to the puldic for tneir i)atroiuige. This nuich for the business men. I'ROFESSH)NAL. For till' legal gentlemen we wish to say a good word also, ami it is tiiis : They are thclj'.'St lawyers in tliis city. Legal gentlemen wiio can be relied up- on — cccry tiin>'. Without hesitation we say of the phys- icians and surgeons, they liave no su- periors in the county. They are men who honor their pc'ofession and never shirk a duty or neglect a patient. For all thii various businesses and profes^iious, represented in this little ERRORS. The failure, for want of time, to read proofs the second time has been the cause of some errors, which we wish to call attention to. On page lU, VAh line from top of first column, read "September for August. "Tlie correction of the otlicers elected (page lU) at tiie tirst election ai)pears elsewhere. On page 11, line 31 from bottom 2d column, for(j reail 20. Tliird line below this read "John" for Henry. Same column lines 11 and 12, read "Marling for 'Morely.' In spelling some words we have used the plionetic .system intentionally, and in some cases «/nntentionally. "Tho," "altho," "thru," "depo," "program," were purposely so si)elled, but "stiring," "bufalo," "squirel," is the neglect of HISTORY OP CLOUD COUNTY. proof reading. We mention tliis for the benefit of our children readers. The above are all the important errors that are discovered at this lime and they occur iu the first 16 pages which made up the first forms. Roster of County Officers and Representa- tives Elected sinci^- the County was Organized. First ill order ar,- ilii.sf appointcil liy the G ivernor ti» or lei" Chu lir sit election, caiiv.'SS ilie vott'6 ('.as. a ,le.V lownslii,); He^ii-'. Lear, of hiriey lou ii.shij); Clerk— A. L). Uugam.iii, of .■^liirle.. tou'ii^liii).* ISGG. Ci)miiii9..ioner l*t Dist., Unknown. 2a " Will. liiiKUsh. " ;> I " Kobt. tv . .siiiitli. County clerk, ^v . M. Wilcox. Slieriti", (jui icy Ho ley liepretfeiitutive. .Joli i i». 'Itipe, 18G7 Commiss'Oners, -loh i McCluer, A. A. Br-id . for an I ^Viijiaiii K:ij;li.-Ii. Clerk, Cliarl.s Davis. SiipC of -ciMoU ,). B. Hupe. 'I reasnrer, Davicl Heller. Slieriil', Quiiicy Honey. Proliato ./iid.ie, Kd. Veclj-. Uepreseutative, J. M. ilagaman. I8«8. At this election U. s. Grant received for r'n^-sideot lOi votes and Seym mr 11. -J. M. Harvey, for G >v roor, lOitand Ge >rg.- W Glick 11. The re.st Of the state ticket run about the same way* Jlopre^entative elect, I.N Dalryinple. Probate . I ud^e, ). .S, Fowler. Comniissiouer 31 District, H. C.Snyder. •Surveyor, .John 8hearer. County AttTney. C Al lvello,g, of Clay Co. Count/ Assessor. W. 11 Page. Supt. of School., IJ H. JMchckron. It 69. Uepre«entHtive, A. .J. .Shelhamef. Commissioner 1st Dist. J \V II i'a.jc •Jd " Chester Dutton " 3 1 " -John Murphy Sheriff, Georare Hihner Coro:ier, ~ ,>f Kansopher Clerk, K Fox 'Jrea.surer, David Heller Rfcjcister of Deeds, J 8 Bov»cn Surveyor, N II Billings Prob.iie.lud.jf.-, Samuel Doran Clerk of Dist. (Jourt, C <» Huntress <,'o Attorney, Frank Cunniugham, of Clay Co 1S70. Uepr,.sentative, B H Mclickron C'.erk Dist Court, W K lieid Probate .Judge, D .J Fowler Surveyor, .J o .Sawin Coiiuty Supt. , S. Doran KCounty Attorney, L Westever 1871. Uepresentative, B H McEckrou Sheiiff, J M >Voo iward Coroner. D B Duiton Couunissiouer st Disl., David Turner " -J I ' Win English. " 3il " H C Synder rrea>iurer, \V I i;ampl)ell He^isterof Deeds, .J ,S Bowen * .\s the townships now are; there were no townships then in the county. {'..lection ordered for .lie lirst Tuesilay after h • first .vlouday iu -Sovembtr, the general eloc- tii)j dav. County Clerk, W !•: Roid Surveyor, Samuel Dorau ^ la72 nepreseiitative, H C Snvder Pn.liate -Judge, i; \V McDonald ( lerk Dist. Court, SV E KVid (iiunty .Mtorney, II .\ Hunter County snpt , ■> Doi-an Coroner, D C A t.rt'aler Commissioner 3rd Dist., CJ W Carver 1S7:;. Kepre.sentntive, U II Mciickron Mu-riQ'. .) M W .."!.. ar.l (.■ininer, AVni i\I-'.K Bui'ns Cominissi liier 1st Dist., Frank Gagnon :i.i •' W M W ilcox ' ' 3d " Khiiu I'easo Treasurer, W -f Campbell, i;egi»ter of Dpdls. Alilton lieasoLcr Survevor, i. II ^ ni\ ih County Clerk, W E ,vei I 1S74. llepresentative 82 I Dist., C K Wells 6l-t •• Pr 'bate -ludge, i L stnrue-! Clerk Dist ioiirt. t; !•' Ilostetlor County .Si:pt , .•^turges Sheriff, -John D "vVilsoii Coroner, .Nathaniel f'o.x Commissioner 1st Di H .ust >n, .1.- Coinmissionesr 1st D st, Clnirle.s Proctor liepresentative 10. d Dist, D i, McKay " 103 I .Joseph Cool 1879. Treasurer, II M Spalding Clerk, E E Swearngin Register (d' l>eeds, C W Wliijip Sheriff". 1) C >\ ilson Surve.or, Its Mci rary Coroner, H E Smiili Commissioner 2l1 Di t, C F Jloore 18.0. Clerk of Court, C F Ilostetler Pri>bate .Ju.i^e, W F Coiupt ni (Jou.ily .Vttor.iey, The > Laing Superiiiteiidenf," >V' T Root Coro.ier. S II Pr.itt Commissioui-r 3 I Dist. J F Hannuiu Repre-sentativo i02d Dist . W ."^ Crump . 80 iaiSTORY OF CLOUD COUNTY. " lO^ ! ' ' Joseili Cool I>81. ^ Treasurer, i- E Swc ir. gin t.'ouiitv ( U'vk. N II ustor. .SllCrili', .Jnilll I) WiLs Ml ]Jc;;i.*ti'r<,r De d.<. t W \\h\]>\i SU'MM ••!•. .JiUVill ShOVl Coroner, S II I'ratr CNjFiiiiiissioni'r ist Dist, I. 15 Wiioox Ucprcsentiiliiic .-^Is i ist, I. '•■>■ Iior*on S2 1 ■ V U' s turves Omntv .\itor>ii-v. I W Slicalor Tr .li;ite.Jn W I 1-f Sinvt'vcir, Sniin'(4 oran Coniinission r 1st Dist, A M Lalond ' ' -'il ' ■ ( arr I'.rown 1884. Ue|ivc'Sfntativo 8ist Hist, G^l Kri'ger " 8.il " I) IJ Moore Clerk ofi ourl, (; F llnstctler Con t\ \tor.i('\ . .1 W shfufov Probate .J udgc.'l) L i.rown Superinlenilent. T W l.'oauh <^,'oininissioner 1st Dist. A M Lar>n(l " -<\ " Beni.miiii Lake 1884 Blaine, J. G. Rep , , . , 3,093 Clevelaxl), Gkover I)em 1,155 Maj I,c37 St. Joiix, J. P. Prohibition 323 BuTLEU, B. F. Grecnbock 91 Maj 133 Blaine over all 1,213 ORGANIZATION OF CITIES. Concordia, 3(1 class, August 7th 1873 Clyde, " " 1874 Jamestown, " July 6th 1883 Miltonvale, '• October 6th 1883 PRESIDENTIAL VOTE— 18(i4- 1884. 1864 Lincoln, A., Rep McClellan, Geo. B. Deni.,. Maj 18(5 3 Grant, U. S., Rej) 100 Seymoir, Horatio, Dem 11 Maj ; 89 1873 Grant, U. S. Rep i)30 (iREELEV, HoRACi:, Liberal Rci).. . . 360 Maj 660 187() Hayes, K. B. Rep 1.184 TlLDEN, S. J. Deni 4!-9 Maj 6!).") Cooi'ER, Peter, (irei-nback 7 1880 (iARFIELD, J. A. Rep 3,1."6 Hancock. VV. S. Dem 8:8 :\Iaj 1,368 Weaver, J. B. (ireeiil)aok O.") CLOUD COUNTY. AREA.— LANDS CULTIVATED AND NOT CULTIVATED. — AGRICULTURAL PRO- DUCTS.— CORN, CATTLE, HOGS, SHEEP, &C., &C. No. of square miles in county, " " acres in tlie county, " " " " cultivation 1881, " " " uncultivated 1884, " " " of corn 18S4, " " " wheat, " " " " rye, " " " oats, " " " " potatoes, " " " " broom corn, " ;' " Sugar cane, " " " all other produce, " " heads of horses, '■ " " " mules, " " " " cattle, " " •' " hogs, '■ " " " sheep, " " school houses. " " churches, " " Organized cities in 1881, " " miles wagon road in Co., " " " Republican river in Co., 75 " " " Solomon river in Co., 30 " miles railroad in county. Central Branch, Union Pacific, Republican valley branch C. B Jewell branch C. B., Solomon ])ranch U. P., Lawrencelairg branch U. P., Burlington tt Missouri. Kansas Central, 730 460,800 100,083 370,717 131,576 13,411 7,005 16,915 1,633 2,359 401 181 8.435 714 23,4c3 47,703 17,843 103 13 5 15.00 .\NNUAL ASSESSMENT FOR 34 YEARS. 1860* 1861-"- 1863-t- $3,000 186it 5,000 186lt f^.OJO 1865t 11,000 18r>6t 18,000 1867 31,198 1858 4.),066.35 1869 8»,418.6I) 1870. .. 16>,908.35 1871... 43.',.-)5l.00 1881... 1873 1740,306.08 1873 751,580.00 1874 904,545.00 1875 754 637,00 1876 788,848.00 1877 909,036.00 1878 1,313,8=10.07 1879 1,63-1163 1880 3,016,79'.) 1881 3,145,675 188 J 3,i76,673 1883 3,591.765 .|3.9„8,771. ' No assessment. t Give I ■ .r .111 memory. Was assesicd by Washiii'j;lon eountv , Init lie lecorde Were burnt wliei) tlio I'reasiirer's ollice oi that co.iiity wns bnriied- t Kstimated assessment. HISTORY OF CLOUD COUNTY Township Officers, 1884« 81 Township. I Trustee. At n W M W'ileox Clerk. Treasurer. Justices. Pop. Wm MeNelly G AV Do.tk Aurora FAThomps'ii; E Letourueau \ Jos Dugas Buftalo Jno Millirons John McCowen' Jesse Woods D W Ball Center j John Myers Colfax ! A Morriset Elk ERDeBray Grant i N M French Lawrence. , W Brarawell \V H Wright A W Bickford John Carver David Pinnej' Montgomery J M Ijames Sibley ; C V Miller Solomon. . . Jacob Studt Summit [MDSutherlinj S D Potter ! Starr | James Neill ; B H Howe J C Cart in- H J Wright i ^FSWallae-e ; F 'A 'riiompson' H H F.-azier I J H McCoy I U Siicpherd j Thos Livengood; W F Compton J W McDonald. Lincoln .. Lyon Meredith. Nelson. . . Oakland . Shirley.. . W C Campbell I T Williams L/\. ^1" , ,, ' jVV C Campbell TW Roach P McDonald R \i^I^^o"F j j 1 N rage L S Kroetch '. R M Stalcy I ^V\ l^^tcrson •'J A Ihomas Jacob Sliort VVaUerLawry /w r' ^'^'V'S, , i ■' J W Campbell John Linton iC F Hostetlei- r.4l'\^''/^^''^'^ Anderson E Butler H P Blake i Thos Bu-V^fap/V/T, "/ I i^'-J^^^ Pre dm ore HHYount ISSO,^®^^ \^^^ ^'1'*^^ Abner Colli Q I J B Campbell j HBi^^in ' H H Youns: | FJ Gilder.sleve WmFerguson Eli Lacej-er S Sevey W A Pierce Geo M Kreger /ob Gildersleve J S Perrv S J Roberts (I G Murdock A Ott S P Linn L B Hay C A Godley : ^^^ ^^utler ■' Ed Jones A S Wilson H\,^^°"Jf«™^^"-^' ' n m Rhodes O A Loom is A B Fry J W Slviv 693 6ry2 790 881 717 2235 1213 055 3222 87(5 568 696 524 1052 642 1173 881 978 Total population of the county 1884, - 18,448 NEWSPAPERS. The K.\n.sa.s Blade. J. M. & J. E. Hagaman, editors, publishers and pro- prietors. The Concordia Empire. Empire Print- ing Company, C. W. McDonald, editor. Tne Concordia Titnes. Chas. J. Eng- lish, editor and proprietor. Tne Cloud Coiditij Critic. Tiiomas Owen, jr., editor, Concordia. Tne Cii/dc Herald. Joan B. Rui)e, ed- itor and proprietor, ClydL!. The Cii/dc Miil. J. C. C'line & Sons, editors and proprietors Clyde. Tne Glasco Sun. Ferd Prince, editor and prop-ietor, Glasjo. Tne M'ltonvalc News. Pinkerton & MeDonalJ, editors and proprietors, Mil- tonvale. Tne Jaia^stown Kansan. Jam-'s and Mary Burton, editors, Jamestown. CHURCHES OF CLOUD COUNTY. Baptist: Organizations, 3; membersiiip 100; church edtices, 2; value of church property, !?4,000. Church of Christ: Or- ganizations, 5; membership, 350; church ed. flees, 2; value of church property-, $2,500. Lutheran: O.ganizations, 1; membership, 160. Methodist Episcopal: Organizations, 13; membership, 460; church edifices, 5; value of church proj)- erty. $10,003. Presbyterian; Organiza- tions, 7; membership, 252; church edi- fices, 4; value of church property, $12,- 5J0. Roman Catholic: Oiganizaticms, 5; m;'mbe:-ship, 1,(k)!); church edifices. 2; V ilueofcluirch property, ^'5,()Ji», United Pre-byterian: Organizations, 1; mem- l)ership, 53. Congregatioiuil: Organiza- tions. 1; membersnip. 8. n ;oli iiiU'3 33 HISTORY OF OLOUD COUISTT. iap of Cfoud County, Kansas. ft < CONGKK. v-IONAL ToMNSHIP MaP. ^ f^^ («»(. Township.. _ , //^'^^"^ ^ "^^ C^ ...„■ - - Couniy, ^ '^ O o ^ OD t^ o o SOVTJ£ o ^ C5^ a: o ZT' 'C LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 016 089 548 2 4 RNK^' It lias fatth in the Republican Partj, ami believes it capable, willing and i>ETRHMiMEl>'v<> bring about all fe^orms demandeil by an intelligent j^ublic senti- ment. • ' , ' It recognizes Labor as the foiradatipn (♦! wealth, and tlje laboring tnan ;iml woman as the most respectable class. z^- It despises ^11 monopolies or/gRnized for the'purpose of plunder, and which rob la'»or of its just duQS, arid thr^ref^upon the misfortunes and necessities of the ))eople. . ■ " ~ ' It favors Fi-ee Schools and all of them that can be supported, and made and kept free from sectarian denomination. v • ' Ao-riculture, being the princiiKil industry of Kansas, should be fostered ^ encourao-ed and protected by wholesome and liberal laws, and espeoially should it be freed from that sjlecies of robbery called 'protection,'' which jxrotects Eastern monopolies at the expense of Western farmers. The BlAt>e has a hired editor whose business it is to furnish evei:y discov- ery in Art, Science, Medicine, Geology, Astronomy, Natural History, Agricul. ture, and every other department of interest that concerns hnmanit;f.* This alone raakfts the paper worth more to a subscriber ^han the cofjt of it. The JiJLADE will advocate Temperance and the eufonienaent of all laws. These general principles will be adhered to, but it reserves tlie right to discuss all political and economic questi<^ns fhafcmay arise, and wlyeh affect the rjo-hts and interests of the peeple. ONE YEAR, in advance, six MONTHS, THREE MONTHS, TRIAL SUBSCRIPTION, two months, $1.50 75 40 26 Address, THE BLA13E, Concordia, Kansas.