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 Copy 1 
 
 THE CONTRAST 
 
 PROFESSIONS AND PRACTICE 
 
 OP 
 
 Republican d; Democratic Statesmen 
 
 CONTRASTED. 
 
 Fubllslied 
 
 b7 th» Ua 
 
 aioB ^pablioan Cangressional Comioittee, WashingMn 1). 0. 
 
 BEPUBLICAH OOLUmf. 
 
 Positioa of the Republican Party preeed- 
 ing the Rebellion. 
 
 In answer to the threats of secession hy 
 tho Democratic leaders, the following re- 
 marka wore made in the United States Ben- 
 ate, Deceinb<»r 17, 1660, bj 
 
 nON'. B. F. W.\DB. 
 
 "Why. they Lave had more thaa two- 
 riiirds of this Senate for many yeara- Yov 
 that complain represent but little more than, 
 one- quarter of the free people of tin: United 
 States; yet, you have prcTailed for ten years 
 npst ia tho Cabinet of the President, and in 
 )ne Supromo Court of the United Stales, 
 and nearly every department, of ttic Govern- 
 ment. Those who voted with you dictated 
 fche policy of the Government. Is it not 
 strange that those who occupy this position 
 oome hf.re complainiruf that tJure rights have 
 been strielcen dotcn ? I moy say these gen- 
 tlemen who have raised upon this floor their 
 bill of indictment against ws, have been the 
 leaders of tho dominant party for years ; 
 therefore, if tliere is anything in the legisla- 
 tion of the Federal Govermaent that is not 
 right, you, and not we, are responsible for 
 it. We never yet have been invented loith 
 ■poiccr to control the legislation of t/i^ country 
 for an hour- 
 
 " I have disavowed any intention on the 
 part of the Republican party to harm a hair 
 of your heads- We Iwld to no doctrine that 
 tan possibly %cork you any inconvenience — 
 any wrong — any disaster. We have been 
 and 6hall remain faithful to all the laws, 
 studiously so. It is not, by your own confes- 
 eionfl, that Mr. Lincoln i.s expected to com- 
 mit any overt act by which you may bo in- 
 jured. You will not even wait for any, you 
 say : but by anticipating that the Govern- 
 
 DEMOCEATIO COLUMU. 
 
 The Practioal Answer of the Democracy to 
 President Lincoln and Senator Wade. 
 
 On the 6th of January preceding March 
 4th, 1861, a caucus of Southern Senators 
 coBTCned in Washington, D. C. and adopt- 
 ed the following resolutions. 
 
 "Eesolced, That we recommend to ocb 
 RESPECTIVE States immediate secession. 
 
 ^^ Resolved, That wo recommend the hold- 
 ing of a General Convention of eaid Statento 
 bo holden in tho city of Montgomery, Ala- 
 bama, at some period not i.i«TER tiian tbs 
 15x11 of Februaky, 1861. 
 
 At this meeting of DEM<KH.4LTf- Conspiea- 
 Tor.s there were present — 
 
 Alabama — Benjamin Fitzi-atkick, an» 
 C. C. Clay, Jr. . 
 
 Arko/nsas — E. W. Johnson, and Wm. K. 
 Sebastian. 
 
 Georgia — Robekt Toomb.s, axp Alfrbh 
 
 IvEBSON. 
 
 Louisiana — J. C. Benjamin, and Johk 
 
 Slidell. 
 iTissi-isippi — Jeffke.^on Davis, akd Al- 
 
 BKUT G. Brow'n. 
 Texas — Joun IIami'iiill, a\d Lonis F. 
 
 Wig FALL. 
 Florida — David L. Yulee. and S. R. 
 
 Mallouy. 
 All of these conspirators now alive, favor 
 the election of SEYMOUR and BLAIR. 
 And iu accordance with this advice of the 
 Democratic conspirators the States did se- 
 cede immediately. They did meet at Mont- 
 gomery, and form an independent, trcason- 
 ,able and hostile combination, which they 
 cillcd a soverDmeat. 
 
L 
 
 REPUBLICAN COLTIMN. 
 
 DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 
 
 ment may do you an injury you wiU put an 
 end to i<— which means, simply and squarely, 
 that you intend to rule or ruin this Govern- 
 ment. ' ' 
 
 In view of the acts of secession, as stated 
 in the Democratic column, President Lin- 
 coln, in his inaugural address on the 4th 
 of March, 1861, said : 
 
 " Why should there not be a patient confi- 
 dence in the ultimate justice of the peoi:)le ? 
 Is there any better or equal hope in- the 
 world ? In our present differences is either 
 party without faith of being in the right? If 
 the Almighty Eider of Nations, with his 
 eternal tndh and justice, he on your side of 
 the North, or on yours of the South, that 
 truth and iJutt justice will surely prevail by 
 the judgment of this great tribunal of the 
 '' American jyeople. By the frame of the Gov- 
 ernment under which we live, this same peo- 
 ple, have wisely given their public servants 
 but little power for mischief ; and have, with 
 equal wisdom, provided. for the return of 
 that little to their own hands at very short 
 intervals. While the people retain their 
 virtue and vigilance no Administration, by 
 any extreme of weakness or folly, can very 
 seriously injure the Government in the short 
 space of four years. My countrymen, one 
 and all,__ think calmly and well upon this 
 whole subject. Nothing valuable can be lost 
 by taking time. If there be an object to 
 hurry anj' of you in hot haste to a step which 
 you would never take deliberately, that ob- 
 ject will be frustrated by taking time ; but 
 no good object can be frustrated by it.. Such 
 of yoti as are noio dissatisfied, still have the 
 old Constitution unimpaired, and, on the sen- 
 sitive point, the laws of your own framing 
 under it; while the new Administration will 
 have no immediate power, if it would, to 
 change either. Jf it were admitted that you 
 who are dissatisfied hold the ri»ht side in 
 the dispute, there still is no single good rea- 
 son for precipitate action. Intelligence, pa- 
 triotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance 
 on Him who has never yet forsaken this 
 favored land, are still competent to adjust, 
 in the best way, all our present difficulty. 
 
 ''i« your hands, my dissatisfied fellow- 
 countrymen, and not in mine, is the momen- 
 tous issue of civil war. The Government 
 will not assail you. You can have Jio con- 
 flict without being yourselves the aggressors. 
 You have no oath registered in Heaven to 
 destroy the Government, while I shall have 
 the most solemn one to '■'■preserve, protect, 
 and defend it.^^ 
 
 " I am loth to close. We are not enemies, 
 hid friends. We must not be enemies. — 
 Thougu passion may have strained, it must 
 not break, our bonds of affection. The 
 
 So that, when Mr. Lincoln acceded to 
 power, so far as the Democratic Leaders 
 could make it so, the Union was practically 
 dissolved. Even Andrew Johnson, to hie 
 everlasting credit be it said, resisted the ac- 
 tion of the Democratic party in the follow- 
 ing words: 
 
 ^'We have nothing to do hid to stand firmly 
 at bur posts like'men, andin four years' time 
 TAncoln and his party icill be both hurled 
 from, power. What reason, then, is there for 
 desertion and the breaking up of the Gov- 
 ernment? He believed that we could obtain 
 all needed guarantees. He entreated every 
 patriot to come forward in the spirit of broth- 
 erly love, to stand around the altar of our 
 common country, to lay the Constitution 
 upon it, and to swear that the Constitution 
 shall be maintained and the Union pre- 
 served. He thought it better to preserve the 
 Union, even if we had to quarrel with the 
 North sometimes. It was better to quarrel 
 with the North occasionally than^o quarrel 
 among ourselves." 
 
 Montgomery, April 11, 1861. 
 7'p General Beauregard : 
 
 Do not desire needlessly to bombard Fort 
 Sumter. If Major Anderson wijl state the 
 time at which, as indicated by himself, he 
 will evacuate, and agree that, in the mean- 
 time, he will not use his guns against us 
 unless ours should be employed against Fort 
 Sumter, you are authorized thus to avoid the 
 effusion of blood. If this or its equivalent 
 be refused, reduce the fort, as your judg- 
 ment decides to be the most practicable. 
 L. P. WALKER. 
 
 Charleston. April 12, 1861. 
 To Hon. L. P. Walker : 
 He would not consent. I write to-day. 
 G. T. BEAUREGARD. 
 
 Charleston, April 12, 1861. 
 To Hon. L. P. Walker: 
 We opened fire at 4.30. 
 
 G. T. BEAUREGARD. 
 
 Mr. Ilhett, of South Carolina, a leading 
 rebel, said after the ordinance of secession 
 was passed by the convention of that State: 
 
 ^' The secession of South Carolina is not 
 an event of a day. It is not anything pro- 
 duced by Mr. Lincoln's election, or by the 
 n07i- execution of the fugitive law. It has 
 been a matter which has been gathering head 
 for thirty years.''' 
 
 " The difficulty and the remedy— it is. not 
 in the election of Republican Presidents. 
 No. Not in the non-execution of the Fu- 
 

 ";v 
 
 EEPDBLIOAN COLUMN. i 
 
 mystic chords of memory, stretching from 
 every battle-field and patriot grave to every 
 living heart and hearthstone, all over this 
 broad laud, will yet swell the chorus of the 
 Union, when again touched, as surely they 
 will be, by the better angels of our nature." 
 
 DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 
 
 The Condition of the Kebel States on the 
 Surrender of the Rebel Armies. 
 
 The condition of the insurgent commu- 
 
 nitica and the consequences of rebellion are 
 
 authoritatively and unanswerably stated by 
 
 the Committee oa Reconstruction in their 
 
 report submitted to Congress June 18, ISOC, 
 
 from which we quote as foUowB : 
 
 "These rebellious enemies were con- 
 quered by the people of the United States, 
 acting through all the co-ordinate branches 
 of the Government, and not by the execu- 
 tive department alone. The powers of con- 
 queror are not so vested in the PrcsicUnt 
 that he can fix and regulate the terms of set- 
 tlement and confer conqressmial representa- 
 tion on conquered rebels and traitors. Nor 
 can he, in an>/ icay, qualify enemies of the 
 Government to exercise its laio-making poicer. 
 The authority to restore rebels to political 
 power in the Federal Government can be 
 exercised only with the concurrence of all 
 the departments in which political power is 
 vested; and hence the several proclamations 
 of the President to the people of the Con- 
 federate States cannot be considered as ex- 
 tending beyond the purposes declared, and 
 can only be regarded as provisional permis- 
 sion by the Commander-in-Chief of the army 
 to do certain acts, the efl'ect and validity 
 whereof is to be determined by the constitu- 
 tional government, and not solely by the ex- 
 ecutive power. 
 
 "The question before Congress is, then, 
 whether conquered enemies have the right, 
 and shall be ])ermitted at their ou-n 7.>/eos- 
 ure and on their own tervis, to partici- 
 pate in making laics for their conquerors; 
 whether conquered rebels may change their 
 theater of operations from the battle-field, 
 where they were defeated and overthrown, to 
 the Halls of Congress, and, through their 
 representatives, seize upon the Government 
 which they fought to destroy: whether the 
 national Treasury, the army of the nation, 
 its navy, its forts and arsenals, its wholecivil 
 administration, its credit, its pensioners, the 
 widotcs and orphans of those ivho perished 
 in the war, the public honor, peace, and 
 safety, shall all be turned over to the keeping 
 of its recent enemies without delay, and with- 
 out imposing such conditions as, in the opin- 
 ivn of Congress, the security of the country 
 aiul its im<iiti:tion.s may demnnd. 
 
 gitive Slave bill. No. But it lies back of all 
 these. It is found in that Atheistic Black 
 Kepudlicax doctrink 01' THE Declaration" 
 OF IxdepevdenceI Until that is trampled 
 
 UNDER FOOT THERE CAN BE NO PEACE.'' — Ad- 
 dress of D. Smyth, of South Carolina. 
 
 Condition of the Rebel States as Stated by 
 tho Democracy. 
 
 Andrew Johnson soon after hie accession 
 to power, by executive order, and withovt 
 authority of law, destroyed the then existing 
 rebel State governments, placed the people 
 under military governors appointed by him- 
 self, -without law and without the sanction 
 of the Senate, directed the reorganization of 
 civil governments, prescribed the qualifica- 
 tion of electors, admitting men to oCQce who 
 wore positively prohibited by statute, dic- 
 tated amendments to the State constitu- 
 tions, and, in fact and form, reorganized 
 States, which were officered and controlled 
 by hostile enemies ; and, when Congress 
 again assembled, declared them to be States 
 within the Union, entitled to all the privi- 
 loges of the adhering States. 
 
 In his speech to the committee- appointed 
 by the Philadelphia Rebel Conservative Con- 
 vention, August 18, 18G6, he said: 
 
 ■'We have witnessed In one department 
 of the Government every endeavor to pre- 
 vent the restoration of peace, liarmony, and 
 Union. We have seen hanging upon the 
 verge of the Government, ns it were, a body 
 called, or which assumes to l)e,the Congress 
 of the United States, while in fact it is a 
 Congress of only a part of the States. We 
 have seen this Congress pretend to be for tho 
 Union, when its every step and act tended 
 to perpetuate disunion and make a disrup- 
 tion of the States inevitable." 
 
 In his Message on the bill restoring Ten- 
 nessee to the Union, he said: 
 
 "So far, then, the political existence cJ 
 the States and their relation to the Fedcrr.'. 
 Government had been fully and completclv 
 recognized and acknowledged by the Execu- 
 tive Department of the Government; and 
 the completion of the work of restoration, 
 which had progressed so favorably, was sub- 
 mitted to Congress, upon which devolved al: 
 questions pertaining to the admission t- 
 their seats of the Senators and Ilepreseata.- 
 tives chosen from the States whose people 
 had engaged in tlio rebellion."' 
 
REfUBLICAK COLUMN. 
 
 DEMOCKATIO COLUMK. 
 
 " The history of martkind exhibits no 
 example of such madness and foUy. The 
 instinct of self-preservation protests against 
 iX. The surrender b}' Grant to Lee, 
 and by Sherman to Johnston,. would have 
 been disasters of less magnitude, for new 
 . armies could have been raised, new battles 
 fought, and the Government saved. The 
 anti-coercive policy, which, under pretext of 
 avoiding bloodshed, allowed the- rebellion to 
 take form and gather force, vo^dd be sur- 
 fMSsed in infamy by the matchless wickedness 
 ■ikat ivoidd now surrender the hails of Con 
 f/rcss to those so recently in, rebellion, until 
 proper precaidioi}s sh-all have been taken to 
 secicre the national faith and tlie fmtional 
 mfety. 
 
 ''As has been shown in this report^ and 
 in the evidence submitted, no proof has 
 been afforded to Congress of a constitu- 
 liDcy.in any one of the ao-cs^Iled Confed- 
 ei-ate States, unless wa except the Slate 
 of Tennessee, qualified to elect Sena- 
 tors and Representatives in Congrcys. No 
 State constitution, or amendment to a State 
 oonstitution, has had tho sanction of the 
 people. All ilie so caJl-ed legislation of State 
 conventions and L-egislaitires has been had 
 "Aider nulitary dictaiioii. If ihe President 
 .may, at his will, and under his own authority, 
 •vhcthe'- as military commander or chief ex- 
 .•icuiive, .qualify persons to appoint Senator* 
 .•And elect lleprescntatives, and empower 
 ■others to appoint and elect them, he thereby 
 practically controls the organization of the 
 /legislative department. IVte constiiutional 
 form, of government is thereby practically dc- 
 !< troy eel, and its povers absorbed in th€ J'Jx- 
 enutive. ^ « * * 
 
 "The iieoesaify of providing adequate 
 j-'afeguarui for the future, before restoring 
 ihti insuri'cczionai7 Stales to a participa- 
 tion in the direction of public affairs, is 
 apparent from the bitter hostility to the 
 Government and people of the United States 
 ■xc't esisting tln-oughout the conquered ter- 
 ritory, as proved incontestablj by the testi- 
 mouy of manv witnesses and by undisputed 
 
 •'The conclusion of jour committee there- 
 
 "jro is, that tho so-called Confederate 
 
 .'-Vutes are not at present entitled to roji- 
 
 i'\-ontation in the Congress of tho United 
 
 ^.'.ates ; that, before allowing such repr.^sent- 
 
 vtion, adequate sec-irity for future peace and 
 
 .-.ii'ety should be required ; that this can only 
 
 i) 5 found in such changes of the organic law 
 
 '..s shall deter .nine th^ civil rights and privi- 
 
 '';/''■< of all citizens inallparts of the Erpub- 
 
 :lc, s'.ialL place repre-entation on an equitable 
 
 ■i.isi.>, shall fx a, stigma upon treason, and 
 
 ;>rotect tiie Inyd jH'ople ogainst future claims 
 
 .■ '':<! cxpsn-^es i.icurrC'l in support of re- 
 
 Resolutions of the Philadelphia 14th o 
 August Democratic Convention : 
 
 "Representation in the Congress of thr 
 United States and in the.electoral college it 
 a right recognized by the Constitution at 
 abiding in every State, and as a duty im 
 posed upon the people, fundamental in it* 
 nature, and essential to the existence of oui 
 republican institutions, and neither Con 
 gress nor the General Government has anv 
 authority or power to deny this right to am 
 State or to withhold its enjoyment under the 
 Constitution from the people thereof." 
 
 Speech of Senator Hendrick.'? in the Sen 
 lite, July 26, 186G : 
 
 "I believe that those State governments cob- 
 tinned during all the period of the rebellion ; 
 that in thft eye of the law their connection 
 with the Government of the United State? 
 was never broken ; that their resolutions of 
 secession were cimply nothing ; that their old 
 obligation to the Ijnited States and theii 
 legal connection with the United States con- 
 tinued all the while, and that it was perfectly 
 right and proper for any man to hold a judi- 
 cial office in any Stfite of the Union. Sir, 
 we cannot go the length of saying that in t.h« 
 ease of revolution, when a government de- 
 facto is established and the authority and 
 power of the Government of the United 
 States for the time being is suspended, the 
 laws fihall not be administered. It is in th« 
 cause of humanity thatcourtssiMill be held." 
 
 TIEM'S OF BEMOCRATIC MEMBERS AND SENA 
 TORS IX CONGRESS. 
 
 On the contrary the Democrscj .•'.nd Mr 
 Johu.^on insisted as follows : 
 
 " For several long months the present 
 Congress has fx;rsistently denied any righf 
 of repreeentaiion to the people of thes«* 
 States. LawH, affecting their highest and 
 dearest inierests, have been pa.ssed without 
 their consent, and ill disregard of the funda- 
 mental principle of free government. This 
 denial of representation has been made t» 
 all the members from a State, although the 
 State, in the language of the President, 
 'presents itself, not only in an attitude of loy- 
 alty and harmony, but in the persons of rep- 
 resentatives whose loyalty cannot be quey 
 tioncd under any existing constitutional or 
 legal test.' 
 
 "The representatives of nearly one- third oi' 
 the States have not been consulted with re- 
 ference to the great question of the day. 
 There has been no nationality surrounding 
 the present Congres.s. There has been .nu 
 intercourse between the representatives of 
 tlie two sections, producing-mutual confidence 
 and respect." 
 
EEPUBLICAN COLUMN. 
 
 DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 
 
 hellion and for manurtiitted slaves, together 
 ivith an express grant of power in Congress 
 lo enforce these provisions. 
 
 ***** 
 Signed— W. P. FESSENDEN, JAMES 
 V/. GRIMES. IRA HARRIS, .1. M. HOW- 
 ARD, GEORGE H. WILLIAMS, THAD- 
 DEUS STEVENS, ELIHIT B. WASH- 
 BURNE, .lUSTIN S. MORRILL, .JOHN 
 A. BINGHAM, ROSCOE CONKLING, 
 GEORGE S. BOUTVVELL, HENRY T. 
 BLOW. 
 
 This declaratian tliat the Southern com- 
 munities had forfeited nothing by rebellion, 
 was signed by the following Democratic 
 Senators and Ilopresentatives: 
 
 Rcvcrdy Johnson, Thomas A. Hendnck.s, 
 William Wright, James Guthrie, J. A. Mc- 
 I>ou-all, Wm. Radford, S. S. Marshall, W. 
 E. Niblack, Anthony Thornton, Michael C. 
 Kerr, G. S. Shanklin, Garrett Davis, H. 
 Gridcr, Thos. E. Noell, Samuel J. Randall, 
 and all the other Democratic member?. 
 
 ICational Legislation for the Protection of 
 Individual Bights and to Provide for the 
 Restoration of the Rebel States without 
 Danger to the Public Safety. 
 
 TUE FP.EEDMAN'S BURK.VU. 
 
 This measure grew out of the necessities 
 of the poor people of the South, both tchite 
 :md colored, and it has afforded aid and 
 protection to both classes alike. To the 
 freedmen, more of advice, and more of pro- 
 tection from personal assault than to the 
 whites ; but to lohites whose destitute con- 
 dition, aggravated by the events of the 
 war and the hostility of the rebel leaders, 
 it has furnished scarcely less of material 
 aid than to the freedmen. It has, a.s a pub- 
 lic measure, been productive of viorc fjood, 
 
 DONE MOKE TOWARDS THE REORGANIZATIQN 
 
 OF LABOR IN THE SOUTH, and morc to increase 
 the products of that section than any other 
 measure ever devised, and besides, as a 
 measure of public philanthropy, it is the 
 grandest ever extended by the conqueror 
 to the conquered. It has already added to 
 tlie productive power of the South tens of 
 millions more than it has cost, and thus, 
 has the nation been reimbursed many times 
 the amount expended. 
 
 With all its merits it could not command 
 in Congress, or out of it, the vote or sup- 
 port of a single leading Democrat And 
 tJie leading rebels while partaking of its 
 iKtunties, have uniformly and bitterly de- 
 nounced it, and falsely and maliciously 
 ralumniaied its authors. 
 
 The vote on the passage of the Freed- 
 
 Oppressive Legislation of the Johnoon- 
 Reconstructed. States Remitting Freed- 
 men to Practical Slavery. 
 These hostile States, erected by executive 
 power in violation of law and without war- 
 rant in the Constitution, proceeded to the 
 enactment of laws which would have dis- 
 graced any despotic government, and would 
 
 HAVE reduced TO PRACTICAL SLAVERY TWO- 
 FIFTHS OF THEIR OWN PEOPLE. 
 
 Here is a synopsis of the labor laws 
 enacted in Texas : 
 
 '•'All contracts for a longer period than 
 one month, shall be made in writing. * •'■ 
 
 * ■'•' Every laborer shall have full and 
 perfect liberty to chose his or /i£r employer, 
 Ijut when otice chosen, they shall not be al- 
 loiccd to leave their place of eraployraent. 
 
 * * * * Failing to obey reasonable or- 
 ders, neglect of duty, leaving home v/ithoui 
 permission, shall 1)C deemed disobedience. 
 
 * * * * Pqj. any disobedience a fine of 
 one dollar shall be imposed on and paid by 
 the oficnder. * •* * * For all lost time 
 from work, without permission from iheein- 
 inloyer or his agent, unless in case of sick- 
 ness, the laborer shall be fined twexty-fivk 
 GENTS per hour. * * ■""■ * For all ab- 
 sence from home without permission, the 
 laborer will be fined at the rate of two dol- 
 lars per day, fines to be denounced at the 
 time of delinquency.^' 
 
 "No live stock shall bo allowed to lab-^r- 
 ers without the permission of their employer 
 
 * * * * laborers shall not receive visi- 
 tors during work hours. 
 
 "Laborers in the various duties of the 
 household, and in all the domestic duties of 
 the family, shall at all hours of the day or 
 night, and on c^days of the week, promptly 
 answer all calls and obey and execute all 
 lawful orders and commands of the family, 
 and any failure or refusal by the laborer to 
 
BEPUBLIOAH COLUMU. 
 
 6 
 
 DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 
 
 men's Bureau bill, in the Senate, January 
 25, 1866, was— 
 
 Ayes 37 — All Republicans. 
 
 Nays 10 — All Democrats. 
 
 IX THE HOUSE. » 
 
 Feb. 6 186G— 
 Ayes 137— All Republicaus- 
 K^ays 33 — All Democrats. 
 
 THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 
 
 Ax Act to protect all persons in the United 
 States in their civil rights, and furnish the 
 means of their vindication. 
 Be it enacted, &c. , That all persons born 
 in the United States and not subject to any 
 foreign power, excluding Indians, not taxed, 
 are hereby declared to be citizens of the 
 United States; and such citizens of every 
 race and color, without regard to any pre- 
 vious condition of slavery or involuntary ser- 
 vitude, except as a punishment for crime 
 whereof the party shall have been duly con- 
 victed, shall have the same right in every 
 State and Territory in the United States to 
 make and enforce contracts ; to sue, be par- 
 lies, and give evidence ; to inherit, purchase, 
 lease, sell, hold, and convey real and per- 
 sonal property ; and to full and equal bene- 
 fit of all laws and proceedings for the secu- 
 rity of person and property as is enjoyed by 
 white citizens, and shall be subject to like 
 punishment, pains, and penalties, and to 
 none other, any law, statute ordinance, re- 
 gulation, or custom, to the contray notwith- 
 standing. 
 
 This first section of the bill contains the 
 great principle of the rights of citizenship, 
 which have since been incorporated in the 
 Constitution and received the sanction of 
 28 States. It is a principle which should, 
 and would have been placed in the Consti- 
 when it was framed had not slavery ex- 
 isted. The vote on the passage of this bill 
 was: 
 
 IN THE SENATE. 
 
 Ayes 33 — All Republicans. 
 Nays 12 — All Democrats but one — Van 
 Winkle. 
 
 IX THE HOUSE. 
 
 Ayes 111 — All Republicans. 
 Nays 38— All Democrats. 
 
 THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. 
 
 The first section is substantially the same 
 AS the civil rights bill above given. 
 _ Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appor- 
 tioD^id '•jj'ong the several States according to 
 
 obey as herein provided, shall be deemed 
 disobedience, within the meaning of this act.'' 
 (And for which, of course, the employer 
 may impose a fine of one doliak.) "And 
 it is the duty of this class of laborers to be 
 especially civil and polite to their employer, 
 his family or guests, and they shall receive 
 gentle and kind treatment. ' ' (Poor things. ) 
 
 Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Ala- 
 bama, Georgia, Florida, and North and 
 South Carolina enacted laws equally op- 
 pressive, and some of them even worse. 
 
 The orphan children of all freedmen were 
 subject to practical -slavery through an 
 apprentice system. And then, all freed- 
 men possessing or purchasing arms, and 
 for petty offences, such as breaches of con- 
 tract, or disrespect to employers, were sub- 
 jected to fine, and liable to be sold to ser- 
 vice to pay any fine so imposed. In North 
 Carolina it was enacted that : 
 
 "All contracts between any persons what- 
 ever, whereof one or more of them shall be 
 a person of color, for the sale or purchase of 
 any horse, mule, ass, jennet, neat cattle, hog, 
 sheep, or goat, whatever may be the value 
 of such" articles, and all contracts between 
 such persons for any other article or articles 
 of property whatever, of the value of ten dol- 
 lars or more, and all contracts executed or 
 executory between such persons for the pay- 
 ment of money of the value often dollars or 
 more, shall be void as to all persons what- 
 ever, unless the same be put in writing and 
 signed by the venders or debtors, and wit- 
 nessed by a white person who can read and 
 write." 
 
 "Mississippi enacted that every freedman, 
 free negro, and mulatto shall, on the second 
 Monday of January, one thousand eight hun- 
 dred and si;s;ty-six, and annually thereafter, 
 have a lawful home or employment, and shall 
 have written evidence thereof, as follows, to 
 wit : If living in any incorporated city, town, 
 or village, a license from the mayor thereof, 
 and if living outside of any incorporated 
 city, town, or village, from the member of 
 the board of police of his beat, authorizing 
 him or her to do irregular, and job work, or 
 a written contract, as provided in section six 
 of this act j which licences may be revoked 
 for cause at any time by the authority grant- 
 ing the same. 
 
 *'Sec. 6. provides that all contracts for 
 labor made with freemen, free negroes, and 
 mulattoee, for a longer period than one 
 month, shall be in writing and in duplicate, 
 attested and read to said freeman, free negro, 
 or mulatto by a beat, city, or county ofiicer 
 
REPUBLICAN OOLUIOI. 
 
 7 
 
 DEMOCEATIC COLUMN. 
 
 their respective numbers, counting the whole 
 number of persons in each State, excluding 
 Indians not taxed. But wlien the right to 
 vote at any election for the choice of electors 
 for President and \lco Preident of the 
 Unit«d States, llepresentatives in Congress, 
 the executive and judicial officers of a State, 
 or the members of the Legislature thereof, 
 is denied to any of the male inhabitants of 
 such State, being twenty-one years of age 
 and citizens of the United States, or in any 
 way abridged, except for participation in re- 
 bellion or other crime, the basis of repre- 
 sentation therein shall bo reduced in the 
 proportion which the number of such male 
 citizens shall bear to the whole number of 
 male citizens twenty-one years of age in such 
 State. 
 
 Sec. •>,. N.0 person shall bo a Senator or 
 Repreaeutalive in Congress, or elector of 
 President or Vice President, or hold any 
 office, 'civil or military, Tinder the United 
 States or under any State, who, having pre- 
 viously taken an oath as a member of Con- 
 gress or as an executive or judicial officer of 
 any State, to support the Constitution of the 
 United States, shall have engaged in insur- 
 rectionor rebellion against the same, orgiven 
 aid and comfort to the enemies thereof. But 
 Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 
 House, remove such disability. 
 
 Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of 
 the United States, authorized by law, in- 
 cluding debts incurred for the payment of 
 pensions and bounties for services in .sup- 
 pressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not 
 be questioned. But neither the United States 
 nor any State shall assume or pay any debt 
 or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection 
 or rebellion again.st the United States, or 
 any claim for the loss or emancipation of 
 any slave ; but all such debts, obligations, 
 and claims .shall bo illegal and void. 
 
 Sec. 5. The Congress shall have power to 
 enforce, by appropriate legislation, the pro- 
 visions of this article. 
 
 "l"he stability of this Government and 
 unity of this nation depend solely on the 
 cordial support and the earnest loyalty of 
 the people." — Grant's reply to the Addre.<is 
 of Memphis Chamber of Commerce. Aug. 25, 
 18C3. ' - '-*'■ . 
 
 or two disinterested white persons of tlie 
 county in which thelabor is to be performed, 
 of which each party shall have one ; and 
 said contracts shall be taken and held as en- 
 tire contracts, and if the laborer shall quit 
 fehe service of the employer before the expi- 
 ration of his term of service without good 
 cause, he shall forfeit his wages for that year 
 up to the time of quitting." 
 
 South Carolina enacted : — 
 
 "That persons of color constltiite no part of 
 the militia of the Stat<), and no one of them- 
 shall, without permission in writing from the 
 district judge or magistrate, bo allowed to 
 keep a fire-arm, sword, or other military 
 weapon, except that one of them, who is the 
 owHcr of a farm, may keep a shot-gun or 
 rifle, such as Is ordinarily used in hunting, 
 but not a pistol, musket, or other fire-armor 
 weapon appropriate for purposes of war. 
 The district judge or a magistrate may give 
 an order, under which, any weapon unlaw- 
 fully kept may be seized and sold, the pro- 
 ceeds of sale to go into the district court fund. 
 Thc-jiogsession of a weapon in violation of 
 this act shall be a misdemeanor which shall 
 be tried before a district court, or a magis- 
 trate, and in case of conviction, shall bo pun- 
 ished by a fine equal to twice the value of the 
 weapon so unlawfully kei)t, and if that be not 
 immediately paid, by corporal punishment.' 
 
 ** That upon view of a misdemeanor com- 
 mitted by a person of color, or by a white 
 person toward a person of color, a magis- 
 trate may arrest the ofl'cnder, and, according 
 to the n.iture of the case, punish the offender 
 summarily, or bind him in recognizance with 
 sufficient sureties to appear at the next 
 monthly sitting of the district court, or com- 
 mit him for trial before the district court. 
 
 Sec. 30 provides that, upon view of a 
 misdemeanor commited by a person of col- 
 or, any person present may arrest the offen- 
 der and take him before a' magistrate, to be 
 dealt with as the case may require. In case 
 of a misdemeanor committed by a white per- 
 son toward a person of color, any person may 
 complain to a magistrate, who shall cause 
 the offender to be arrested, and, according 
 to the nature of the case, to be brotight be- 
 fore himself, or be taken for trial in tlie dis- 
 trict court. 
 
 Term3 of Heconstruction Proposed by 
 Eepublicans. 
 
 "When armed rebellion had been sub- 
 dued, by the energy and patriotism of the 
 loyal people and the determined firmness 
 of the Republican Congress and adminis- 
 tration, the duty of prescribing terms of 
 
 Rejection of Terms of Keconatruction by 
 Democrats. 
 
 Prior to the stibniission of the said termd 
 of settlement to the late rebel States, the 
 President — Andrew Johnson — without au- 
 thority of law and by the exercise of des- 
 potic power, had struck out of existence 
 
REPUBLICAN COLUMU. 8 DEMOCRATIC COLUMK. 
 
 settlemeut and for the reorganization and the forms of State organization found there 
 
 reunion of the States, devolved upon the at the close of the war, and had, by execu- 
 
 Kepublican Congress and party. tivc order, substituted other forms substan- 
 
 This duty was performed in a spirit of tially like those abrogated — except as to 
 
 mao-nanilnity which fell far short of justice chattel slavery — and had placed these new 
 
 to the traitors, and which exceed in liber- organizations under the exclusive control of 
 
 ality any terms ever before offered to the the old rebel leaders, 
 
 leadersof an armed and conquered rebellion. The proposed amendment of the Consti- 
 
 The conditions named were : tution, placing the conditions of resto- 
 
 The recognition of the rights of citizen- ration to the Union in the organic 
 ship to all born upon our soil, or natural- law, was submitted to those reorgan- 
 ized within our jurisdiction. ized rebel governments, and by them unani- 
 
 The sacred preservation of the public mously rejected. To this action they were 
 
 faith. advised by a recreant President and en- 
 
 Fort)idding the assumption of any por- couraged by the whole Demockatio Party 
 
 tion of the rebel debt, or the payment ia the country. It has been shown that, 
 
 for emancipated slaves. every Democrat in Coxgress opposed the 
 
 Requiring that Representatives shall be terms of reuxion, and it is now to be added 
 
 apportioned among the several States aocor- that, every Democrat in every State 
 
 ding to population, and that, when any Legislature also opposed and voted against 
 
 race or class shall be excluded from voting, the conditions of settlement; and that, in 
 
 the numbers composing such class shall not two States in which Democrats have 
 
 be counted in the basis of the representa- since obtained majorities, tdey have for- 
 
 tion. MALLY VOTED TO RESCIND THE RATIFICATION 
 
 Providing that no person shall be a Sen- of the amendment. See Legislative pro- 
 
 ator or Representative, or hold any office, ceedings in Ohio and New Jersey. Why 
 
 civil or military, under any State or under this action of the Democracy? Are they 
 
 the United States who, having taken an against conferring the rights of citizens 
 
 oath to support the Constitution, shall have upon all born or naturalized upon our soil ? 
 
 engaged in rebellion against the United Do they wish to give representation to a 
 
 States, or given aid and comfort to the ene- non-voting population in the rebel States? 
 
 mies thereof, unless relieved of such disa- Do they desire to restore to unpardoned 
 
 bility by a two- thirds vote of Congress. rebei^ the control of the nation? 
 
 These conditions, in the form of a con- Do they intend to violate the public 
 
 stitutional amendment, were adopted by faith, assume the rebel debt or pat for 
 
 the following votes : emancipated slaves? If none of these, why 
 
 senate. not say so in the organic law ? If they are 
 
 Ayes 33 — All Republicans. against all these, why not so declare in the 
 
 Nays 1 l-AU now acting with the Demo - Constitution ? If they are in favor of these, 
 
 cratic party except one — Van \Viukle. , ^, ^, • ., • , ^r 
 
 why not honestly say so in tiien- platform, 
 
 house, •' J J r ' 
 
 Ayes 133-All Republicans. ^' ^^^ ^^^^ P^^^^^^ intimated by tl>eir can- 
 
 Naj/s 36— All Bemocrats. di4ates ? 
 
 Reconstruction Upon a Loyal Basis. Opposition of the Democracy to Becon- 
 When Congress assembled in December, struction Upon a Loyal Basis. 
 
 1866, it was. to meet the rejection of the Both the Constitutional Amendment and 
 amendment to the Constitution by all of tha subsequent reconstruction measures 
 
EEPUBLICAN COLUMN' 
 
 9 
 
 DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 
 
 the Johnson rabel-reorganized States — as 
 heretofore noticed — the enactments of those 
 States by which the rebel leaders were re- 
 stored to full control of State affairs, the 
 freedmen reduced by oppressive appren- 
 tice, labor, and penal statutes to practical 
 bondage — as heroinbefore specified — and 
 the States, demanding admission into the 
 National Congress for their representatives, 
 in the personsof men reeking with treason, 
 and insisting that, while the four-and-a-half 
 millions of colored people should not par- 
 ticipate in political power, they should, 
 nevertheless, be entitled to representation 
 in the persons of political leaders, to be 
 designated by rebel constituencies. 
 
 Adequate reasons arc stated by the Re- 
 construction Committee, in the extracts 
 given above, why reconstruction could not 
 be permitted upon such a rebel basis and 
 demand ; but, even in the absence of the 
 facts hereinbefore presented, no man, loyal 
 to Justice and the Union, will fail to dis- 
 cover the impropriety of remitting the na- 
 tion to the mercy (?) and control of its 
 bitterest foes. 
 
 In the presence of these facts and the 
 importunate demands and disloyal conduct 
 of the rebel leaders, it became the duty 
 of Congress to provide other means for 
 the protection of the loyal people and the 
 restoration of the disabled States. In the 
 discharge of this duty, Congress enacted 
 the military reconstruction laws so-called, 
 still adhering to tlie restrictions and guar- 
 antees provided in the constitutional amend- 
 ment. 
 
 These laws prescribe as follows : 
 
 1st. That the territory embracing the 
 late rebel States, be divided into military 
 districts designated by the act, over each 
 o£ which a military commander should be 
 placed, to preserve order, enforce justice, 
 prevent violence, and punish or cause to be 
 punished disturbers of the peace ; but no 
 cruel or unusual punishment to be inflicted. 
 
 2d. That when the people of any one of 
 said rebel States shall have formed and 
 adopted a government, in all respects in 
 
 have received the united opposition of the 
 REBEL Dkmocracy in every State and sec- 
 tion. 
 
 In the South, all possible means have 
 been resorted to to defeat the restoration 
 of the vStatcs. 
 
 Every man, whether white or black, who 
 iu good faith has supported or now supports 
 reconstruction by the people, is denounced 
 and ostracised. Many have been driven 
 from their business or employment, and 
 many have been murdered, for no other 
 cause than their devotion to the Union and 
 their support of the laws. 
 
 These statutes and all acts done in por- 
 suance thereof, have been denounced as 
 unconstitutional and void : 
 
 1. By all the leading rebels and by all 
 under their control in the rebel States. 
 
 2. By every Democrat in Congress aad 
 by every Democrat in every State Legisla- 
 ture. 
 
 3. By the Democratic orators and presa 
 
 4. By Democratic State and district con 
 vcntions. 
 
 5. By the Democratic National Conven- 
 tion. 
 
 6 . By the Democratic candidates for 
 President and Vice President, and the lat- 
 ter has declared for their overthrovy by 
 executive power and military force, if it 
 cannot be otherwise accomplished. 
 
 The position of the Democratic party is 
 that of simple unqualified revolution. Its 
 leaders neither promise nor suggest any 
 other consequence of their accession to 
 power; and this, in behalf of the rebel 
 leaders, that they may be restored to the 
 control of the States anfl the nation. 
 
 The Southern rebel leaders object to the 
 Constitutional amendment : 
 
 1. Because it equalizes the power of the 
 electors in all Uie States, giving to each 
 voter the same representation in the na- 
 tional House of Representatives. They 
 demand in lieu of this equality that, the 
 four millions of colored people shall be de- 
 prived of suffrage, and that the whites of 
 those States shall be empowered to elect 
 
EEPD^IGAN COLUMJS. 
 
 10 
 
 DEMOOEATIC COLUMN. 
 
 conformity with the Constitution of the 
 United States framed % a convention of 
 delegates elected by the male population of 
 those States, twenty-one years of age and 
 upwards, not disfranchised for participa- 
 tion in rebellion or for felony at common 
 law, ai.d shall have ratified the proposed 
 14th article of the Constitution of the 
 United States, and when said article shall 
 have become a part of the Constitution, 
 then said States shall be entitled to repre- 
 sentation in Congress, and Senators and 
 Representatives therefrom shall be ad- 
 mitted upon taking the oath prescribed by 
 law. 
 
 This is substantially the policy of recon- 
 struction adopted by Congress, under which 
 seven States have been restored to the 
 Union, and which has been denounced and 
 apposed by every rebel and copperhead in 
 the land. 
 
 The other provisions of the reconstruc- 
 tion measures arc matters of detail, de- 
 signed to enforce in good faith the prin- 
 ciples above stated. 
 
 Xow, wherein is the wrong? The for- 
 oiaftion of local governments is left to the 
 whole people of those States, excluding 
 (Snly those disfranchised for rebellion or 
 felony. 
 
 The only conditions annexed are, that 
 liie government shall be republican, that 
 all shall participate, except the few who 
 are excluded by their own acts; and that 
 security for the future — in the form of the 
 constitutional amendment — shall be con- 
 o<?ded. 
 
 The recent conduct of the rebel leaders 
 has demonstrated that such securltj;' is not 
 ^■Qly necessary but vital. Without it, 
 neither the public faith nor the peace of the 
 country would be secure for a moment, as 
 will be proven in subsequent pages. 
 
 "The white and black continually require 
 "Jbe protection of the General Government. 
 In some form the Freedmen's Bureau is an 
 iibsolute necessity, until the civil law is estab- 
 lished and enforced, securing to freemen their 
 rights and full protection." — Grant's Report 
 io the President, Januarj/, 18G6. 
 
 Representatives for them ; thus giving to 
 EIGHT MILLIONS of whites in the South the 
 representative power in Congress of twelve 
 MILLIONS in the North. 
 
 2. Because they see in the national debt 
 which is guaranteed by tliis amendment, 
 the price to be paid for the preservation of 
 the Union. 
 
 3. Because it deprives the leaders who 
 inaugurated and conducted the rebellion, 
 and who are guilty of both perjury and 
 treason, of participation in the legislative 
 and executive offices of the States and na- 
 tion. 
 
 4. Because it px-ohibits payment for 
 emancipated slaves, asserts the equality of 
 citizenship, and authorizes Congress to en- 
 force the rights it guarantees. 
 
 The Democratic party opposes the res- 
 toration of the States under the constitu- 
 tional amendment and the reconstruction 
 laws: 
 
 1. Because those measures provide for 
 a republican government, and have placed 
 the power in the hands of the masses of the 
 people, instead of limiting its exercise to a 
 landed and privileged aristocracy. 
 
 2. Because under the State constitutions 
 which have been framed, the elective fran- 
 chise and equal political rights have been 
 secured to every citizen, the education and 
 consequent elevation of the laboring masses 
 provided for, the guaranties of the constitu- 
 tion ratified, and the right of secession 
 denied and its exercise prohibited. 
 
 In view of these objections, which are 
 embraced by the controlling elements in the 
 Democratic party, the Democratic leaders 
 in Congress stand unitedly recorded against 
 the return to the Union ofeachand every one 
 of the late rebel States ; and they are also 
 fully committed on the records of the coun- 
 try, in favor of the return of those States 
 under the leadership and control of the 
 rebel landed aristocracy which initiated and 
 conducted the rebellion, and which, by its 
 orators and press, is now advocating revo- 
 lution, as will hereinafter be shown. 
 
EEFDBLICAN COLUMN, 
 
 11 
 
 DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 
 
 The Issaea as Presented by tho Kopublican The Issues as Presented by the Democratic 
 Candidates. Candidates. 
 
 CRN. grant's letter of acceptance. 
 WASHiyoToy, May 29, 1868. 
 To Qk\erai, J. R. Havi.et. President Xa- 
 
 Honed Union Kepnhlican Contention : 
 
 In formally accepting tho nomination of 
 the National Union Republican Convention 
 of tho 21st of May instant, it seems proper 
 that some statement of views beyond the 
 mere acceptance of tho nomination should 
 be expressed. The proceedings of the Con- 
 vention were marked with wisdom, modera- 
 tion, and patriotism, and I believe express 
 tho feelings of the great mass of those who 
 sustained the country through its recent trials. 
 
 I ENDORSE THE* iiESoLUTioxs. If elected 
 to the office of President of the United 
 States it will bo my endeavor to administer 
 ail tho laws in good faith, with economy, 
 and with the view of giving peace, quiet, and 
 protection everywhere. 
 
 In times like the present it is impossible, 
 or at least eminently improper, to lay down 
 a policy to be adhered to, right or wrong, 
 through an administration of four years. 
 New political issues, not foreseen, are con- 
 stantly arising, the views of the public on 
 old ones are congtantly changing, and a 
 purely administrative ofiicer should always 
 be left free to execute the will of the people. 
 I alwavs have respected that will, andalwavs 
 shall.' 
 
 Peace and itnirersal propperifj/, ii^ se- 
 quence, with economy of administration, will 
 lighten the burden of taxation, ichile it con- 
 stantly reduces the national debt. Let us 
 
 }IAVE PEACE. 
 
 With great respect, your obedient servant, 
 U. S. GRANT. 
 
 150N. FCnUYI/.CR COLFAX'S LETTER OF ACCEPT- 
 ANCE. 
 
 WA.SHiN(iToy, D. C, May 30, 1868. 
 Hon. J. R. Hawley, President of the Xa- 
 
 iional Union Pepublican Committee ; 
 
 Dear Sir : The platform adopted by the 
 patriotic Convention over which you pre- 
 sided, and the resolutions which so happily 
 snppliment it, so entirely agree with my view 
 as to a just national policy, that my thanks 
 are due to the delegates as much for this 
 clear and auspicious declaration of princi- 
 ples, as for the nomination with which I 
 have been honored, and which I gratefully 
 
 accept. 
 
 * . ic- * * « * -:<• w 
 
 The debt of gratitude it acknowledges to 
 the brave men who saved the Union from 
 destruction, tho frank approval of amnesty 
 based on repentance and loyalty, the demand 
 
 The letter of Horatio Seymour is too 
 long to insert here. lie accepts the plat- 
 form of the rebel Democracy, denounces 
 the legislation of Congress and suggests 
 that a Democratic President, even with a 
 Republican Congress, would have a ten- 
 dency to restore peace and harmony and 
 might be the means of preventing the adop- 
 tion of extreme measures. At all event, 
 such a thing could work no harm to the 
 country and would be eminently satisfactory 
 to himself. These are not the words but 
 the purport of Mr. Seymour's letter. 
 
 FRANK BLAIR's LETTER UPON WUICH THE 
 PLATFORM IS liASED, AND WHICH SECURED 
 UIM THE NOMINATION. 
 
 Washington, June 30, 1S68. 
 
 Dear Colonel: In reply to your inquiries 
 I beg leave to say that I leave to you to de- 
 termine, on consultation with my friends 
 from Missouri, whetlier my name shall be pre- 
 sented to the Democratic convention, and to 
 submit the following, as what I consider the 
 real and only issue in this contest: 
 
 There is but one way to restore the Govern- 
 ment and the Constitution, and that is fox 
 the President elect to declare these acts nutl 
 and void, compel the army to undo its usur- 
 pations at the South, disperse the carpet-barf 
 State governments, allow the tohite 2)eoplc to 
 reorganize their own governments, and elect 
 Senators and liepresentatives. 
 
 * •>«■** -x- * * 
 
 I repeat that this is the real and only ques- 
 tion lohich we should allow to control us : 
 Shall we subrnit to thi usurpations by which 
 the Government has been overthroicn, or shall 
 we exert ourselves for its full and complete 
 restoration? It is idle to talk of bonds, green- 
 backs, gold, the public faith, and the public 
 credit. What can a Democratic President do 
 in regard to any of these, with a Congress in 
 both branches controlled by tho carpet-bag- 
 gers and their allies? He will be powerless 
 to stop the supplies by which idle negroes 
 are organized into political clubs — by which 
 an army is maintained to protect these vaga- 
 bonds in their outrages upon the ballot. 
 These, and things like these, eat up the rev- 
 enue and resources of the Government and 
 destroy its credit — make the difierencc be- 
 tween gold and greenbacks. We must re- 
 store the Constitution before we can restore 
 the finances, and to do this we must have a 
 President wJio will execute the will of the 
 
BEPUBLIOAN CXJLUldN. 
 
 12 
 
 DEMOCKA^TIO COLUMN. 
 
 for the most thorough economy and honesty 
 in the Government, the sympathy of the par- 
 ty of liberty with all throughout the world 
 who long for the liberty we here eujpy, and^ 
 the recognition of the sublime principles of 
 the Declaration of Independence, are worthy 
 of the organization on whose banners they 
 are to be written in the coming contest. 
 Its past record cannot be blotted out or for- 
 gotten. If there had been no Republican 
 party, slavery would to-day cast its baneful 
 shadow over the Republic. If there had been 
 no Republican party, a free press and free 
 speech would be as unknown from the Poto- 
 mac to the Rio Grande as ten years ago. 
 If the Republican party could have, been 
 stricken from existence when the banner of 
 rebellion was unfurled, and when the re- 
 sponse of "no coercion" was heard at the 
 North, we would have had no nation to-day. 
 But for the Republican party daring to risk 
 the odium of tax and draft laws our flag 
 could not have been kept flying in the field 
 until the long-hoped-for victory came. With- 
 out a Republican party the Civil Rights bill 
 — the guaranty of equality under the law to 
 xhe humble and the defenseless, as well as the 
 strong — would not be to-day upon our na- 
 tional statute book. 
 
 * * -» * •"- --ir -::• 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 SCHUYLER COLFAX. 
 
 SENTIMENTS OF THE REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES. 
 
 Grant said to his soldiers : 
 
 "The loyal people of the United States 
 thank and bless you. Their hopes and 
 prayers for your success against this unholy 
 rebellion are with you daily." 
 
 "Let us have peace." — Grant's letter, 
 May 29, 1868. 
 
 " I CARE NOTHING FOR PROMOTION, SO LONG 
 AS OUR ARMS ARE SUCCESSFUL." — Grant tO 
 
 Sherman, February, 1862. 
 
 "If MT COURSE IS NOT SATISFACTORY, RE- 
 MOVE ME AT ONCE. I DO NOT WISH IN ANY 
 WAY TO IMPEDE THE SUCCESS OP OUR ARMS." 
 
 —Grant to Halleck, February 6, 1862. 
 
 " No THEORY OF MY OWN WILL EVER STAND 
 IN THE WAY OF MY EXECUTING IN GOOD FAITH 
 ANY ORDER I MAY RECEIVE FROM THOSE IN 
 
 .AUTHORITY OVER ME." — Grant to Secretary 
 Chase, May 29, 1863. 
 
 "TkS is a REPUBLIC WHERE THE WILL OF 
 THE PEOPLE 13 THE LAW OF THE LAND." — 
 
 Grant's letter to President Johnson, Au- 
 gust, 1867. 
 
 " I SHALL HAVE NO POLICY OF MY OWN TO IN- 
 TERFERE AGAINST THE WlIX OF THE PEOPLE," — 
 
 Grant's letter. May 29, 18G8. 
 
 people hy trampling into dust the usurpation 
 of Congress, hiovni as the irconsiruction ads. 
 I wish to stand before the Convention upon 
 this issue, but it is one which embraces every- 
 thing else that is of value in its large and 
 comprehensive results- It is the one thing 
 that includes all that is worth a contest, and 
 icithoiit it there is nothing that gives dignity , 
 honor, or value to the strugaU. 
 
 Your friend, FRAN"k P. BLAIR. 
 
 Colonel James 0. Broadhead. 
 
 SEYMOUR IX DESPAIR — HE WANTS TO CHANGE 
 THE IS^SUES. 
 
 Utiga, July 24, 1808. 
 
 My Dear Sir: I have not been able until 
 this moment to answer your kind letter of 
 the 13th instant. I am gratified vrith the 
 kindness of my friends, but they haveplunged 
 me into a sea oftronbl-es. Ida not know hmc 
 the cairrass vHll go ; hut, now that I am in the 
 fight, I shall do the best lean. I see the Re- 
 publicans are trying to dodge the financial 
 issues, and to sink the election into a 
 mere personal contest. Our papers must 
 not allow this. They must push the debt and 
 taxation upon public attention. If you get 
 time I hope you will run up and see me. 
 Mrs. Seymour joins me in asking you to give 
 our respects to Mrs. Ingersoll. I shall be 
 glad to hear from you at all times. 
 
 Truly yours, Horatio Seymour. 
 
 Hon. C. M. Ingersoll, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 SENTIMENTS OF THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATES. 
 
 Horatio Seymour, in Milwaukee, like- 
 wise [using bis words] makes the foUowmg 
 points: 
 
 First — " The freedom of speech and of 
 the press has been denied us.' 
 
 Second — " It is your property, the pi-oper- 
 ty of Northern tax-payers, which is confis- 
 cated." 
 
 Third — "Men have been torn from their 
 families, and locked up in prison, and wo- 
 men also." 
 
 Fourth — "Men are told that they must 
 leave their homes, and devote themselves to 
 war." 
 
 Fifth — " The policy of ths Administra- 
 tion has placed hindrances in the way of the 
 Union." 
 
 Sixth — " The Administration has entered 
 upon a settled policy, dangerous to the wel- 
 fare of the country." 
 
 Seventh — ",ln God's name "are there no 
 means by which we can save the lives of 
 husbands and brothers 7" 
 
 Eighth — " We nominated McCIellan, that 
 we might restore prosperity and peace to the 
 people." 
 
EEPUBLICAN COLUMN. 
 
 13 
 
 DEMOOEATIC COLUMN. 
 
 •' Human liberty is the only teue kodv- 
 nA'noNOFiiTTMAXCovERXMKKT." — Grani'slet" 
 xer to the citizens of Memphis. 
 
 '' R(hcl armies now are the only .■itrategic 
 poitUs to .'•Irikeat.'' — Graut's instructions to 
 Sherman, April 5, 18G5. 
 
 ■•r.OTAr.TY SUAlJi GOVERN WHAT LOYALTY 
 PRKSERVKD." 
 
 That sentiment was uttered by Hon. 
 Solrayler Colfai, in ono of Lis late im- 
 promtu speeches. Thoj are uoble woi'fl.s, 
 worthy of being written on tho banners of 
 the cunipaign. Tim whoU hcntonce reads 
 aa follows : 
 
 " In ail theij- hours of disaster and glooni, 
 when men's heart:? fainted on the way, there 
 Wits ono party, every man of which stood 
 aronnd our banner and ncvrr despaired of 
 She Anierican Republic ; uad there is one 
 oy^anization that, since the armies of the 
 ttbollion wore crushed, has demanded, and 
 mtends to stand by that d-^mand, God being 
 ^Mir helper, to the end that 'Loyalty shall 
 govewi what loyalty prescrred.' •' 
 
 "While GRANT was receiving the surrender 
 of Vicksburg, Seymour was making a speech 
 in which he said : 
 
 " When I accepted the invitation to speak 
 with otherrf at ihi.s meeting, we were prom- 
 iHcd the downfall of Vicksburp, the opening 
 of the Mississippi, ihe probable capture of 
 the Confederate Capit^il, and exhaustion of 
 the Rebellion. But in the moment of ex- 
 pected victorj-, iheie came the midnight cry 
 of Pennsylvania to save its despoiled fields 
 from tho invading foe ; and almost within 
 sight of this great commercial metropolis, 
 the ships of your merchants were burned to 
 the water's edge. 
 
 " Kemembtr thnt the bloody and treason- 
 able and revolutionary doctrine of public 
 nccesfiity can be proclaimed by a mob as 
 well as by a government. * * <• i g^. 
 sure you, my feHow-citizcn."!, that I am hero 
 to show you a test, of my friendship. I wish 
 to inform you that I have sent my AfVutanl 
 General to Washington to confer with the 
 authorities there, and to have thia draft 8ue- 
 pended and stopped." 
 
 Ropubliean Press and Stutosmen. 
 Rxtract from speech of Hon. J. M. Ash- 
 ky-: 
 
 '•To me tho only model [Statesman is he 
 who secures liberty and impartial justice for 
 aHiand protects the weak against the strong. 
 He is tho statesman and the benefactor who 
 aids in educating the ignorant, and iu light- 
 ening the cares of the toiling millions. Since 
 I became your Representative I have at- 
 tempted to follow the pathway illumined by 
 rbe footprints of such men as I have named. 
 How well I have succeeded you must deter 
 mine. 
 
 "I welcome all men as co-laborers in tht 
 interests of mankind, whether agreeing 
 with me or not, who follow conscientiously, 
 their highest and best convictions, for ' the 
 harvest is plenty but the laborers are few.' " 
 
 Prom the speech of Senator Stewart of 
 Nevada ; 
 
 ''I hold in my hands now a speech of Hon. 
 Horatio Seymour, delivered on the 4th of 
 .fuly, 18G3, a speech that I have read on sev- 
 eral occasions. It is a speech full of fault- 
 finding v^nth the Government, putting ideas 
 in tho minds of the people to make them 
 dissatisfied, complaining of your tx-ctional 
 .strife and your secti-onal war, calculated in 
 every way to breed discontent ; and thia, 
 too, whea the country was iu the most im- 
 a inent peril. Ai that critical time, instead 
 
 Democratic Press and Loading Men. 
 Wade Hampton, at » raeetin;? in Charles- 
 ton, said : 
 
 ''They said they wtrc williinj to giee us 
 everything tee desired; but we of the South 
 must remember that they had a great fight 
 to make, and it would not be policy to place 
 upon the platform that which would .engen- 
 der prejudice at the North. They, however. 
 pledgedthemselvts to do all in their povctr io 
 relieve t^ Southern States, and restore to us 
 ihc ConUitution a^ it had existed.^ ^ 
 
 An Ex-Governor of Sonth Carolina said : 
 
 "The Southern delegates determined to be 
 reticent in the Convention, and take no 
 prominent, part in its proceedings; while the 
 Northern delegates said- to them, '0/8 tli£ 
 subject of your pectdiar grievance and op- 
 pressions, draw your own platform, and, 
 make it as strong a^you please, and weidll 
 endorse it.' " 
 
 THE DEMOCRACY RESPONSIBLE FOB THE LAST 
 WAR. 
 
 Said the Georgia rebel, Toombs, in a 
 speech ratifying the nominations, at At- 
 lanta. 
 
 "I will tell you another fact, which is 
 enough for this time, that 'as the lato war 
 was produced by the defeated Democratic 
 party in I860,' we shall never have peaee 
 until it is restored in 18G8." 
 
EEPUBLICAN COLUMN. 
 
 14 
 
 DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 
 
 of coming forward and vindicating the au- 
 thority of the Government, we find Horatio 
 Seymour filling the minds of the people with 
 distrust and reverting to the mistakes of the 
 Goveaiment. With a stern Governor of 
 New York, such a Governor as Indiana had, 
 there would have been no New York riots. 
 With such a Governor as Ohio had there 
 would have been no New York riots." 
 
 From the speech of Hon. John A. Bing- 
 ham onthc judiciary reconstruction bills — 
 
 *'The power to guaranty a republican 
 form of government in every State in the 
 Union is a power vested in the United States. 
 It is not a power vested in any officer there- 
 of. It is not a power vested in any depart- 
 ment thereof. It is a power vested in the 
 Government of the United States. There 
 stands the provision that Congress shall have 
 power to pass all laws necessary and i^roper 
 to carry into effect all the powers vested by 
 the Constitution in the Government of the 
 United States. This power thus vested in 
 the United States, as I had occasion to inti- 
 mate yesterday, is essential to the national 
 life. I do not propose to repeat my augu- 
 ment of yesterday at length, but only to the 
 perfection of what I may say to-day. I beg 
 leave to state, in brief, what I did more at 
 length yesterday, that American nationality 
 under the Constitution never existed one 
 hour, never can exist an hour while that 
 Constitution remains what it is, save through 
 and by the adhering, organized constitution- 
 al States of the Union. Heucethe necessity 
 of this power and the necessity for its en- 
 forcement. 
 
 * * * * -X- -A- ?r 
 
 "I stand, then, sir, for the Constitution, as 
 it Is written ; I stand for it precisely as it was 
 interpreted by its founders ; and I desire for 
 one, as a representative of the people, so to 
 
 grovide by law, as that hereafter the Supreme 
 ourt of the United States shall not dare to 
 disregard a solemn enactment of the people 
 even on the pretense that it' is violative of the 
 Constitution, save by the concurrence of two- 
 thirds of all the members of that court. I 
 have reasons, very strong reasons, for insist- 
 ing upon such legislation. I consider the 
 utterance in the Dred Scott case, to which I 
 have already referred, as furnishing a sub- 
 stantial reason for such legislation. I do 
 not stop now at the going down of the sun 
 to ask gentlemen to consider the terrible 
 consequences that followed in the train of 
 that lawless and atrocious announcement." 
 
 Mr. Bingham, on the 14th amendment 
 to the Constitution, said: 
 
 "Without the amendment there are men 
 within the hearing of my voice who know 
 
 MURDER OF REPUBLICANS RECOMMENDED. 
 
 Albert S. Pike, editor, judge and rebel 
 General, says : 
 
 "Go on boys ; swear to murder Northern 
 Huns 1 Arm yourselves and organize, and 
 be ready to respond promptly when called 
 on, andfightbravely evenif you get killed!" 
 
 The Pine Bluff (Ark.) Vmclicaior, 
 exclaims . 
 
 "The spirit of Wilkes Booth still lives, 
 thank God ! Therefore, take courage ! Sey- 
 mour, Blair, and the revival of the great 
 cause is the motto of every true man !" 
 
 THE REBELS ALL FOUGHT AS DEMOCRATS. 
 
 Admiral Semmes, commander of the Rebel 
 privateer Alabama, in a speech at a Dem- 
 ocratic meeting at Mobile, said : 
 
 " He had always been a Democrat; he 
 had fought in the war as a Democrat : that 
 he had once despaired of a republican gov- 
 ernment in this country, l)ut now there was 
 a light in the East which bid them hope. 
 He had draicn his sword against the old flag 
 hecanse he urns a Democrat and It had ceased 
 to wave over a free and constitutional country. 
 
 " He concluded with the remark that 'he 
 here renewed his adhesion to that flag pro- 
 vided It could wave over a government con- 
 trolled by such constitutional Democrats as 
 Horatio Seymour and Frank P. Blair.' " 
 
 SECESSION MORE ALIVE THAN EVER. 
 
 At a meeting in Richmond, Henky A. 
 Wise said: 
 
 "He did not care far the platfornj. It 
 told a lie in its flrst resolution. It said se- 
 cession was dead ; that was not so ; secession 
 ^cas more alive than ever. He supported the 
 nominees, and especially Blair, because he 
 had declared that he tvould assume viilitary 
 power. ^\ 
 
 " Humphrey Marshall asserted In his Lou- 
 isville speech that if the Democratic ticket 
 was elected, his party would ' wipe out' all 
 that has been done In the way of reconstruc- 
 tion, and the Fourteenth Amendment to the 
 Constitution." 
 
 THE PLATFORM MEANS BLAIR— AND NOTHING 
 ELSE. 
 
 The Charleston Mercury says : 
 "The platform of the Democratic party is 
 square upon the letter of General Blair, and 
 Gen. Blair's letter Is the legitimate and ac- 
 tual expounding of the platform. It will avail 
 little to deny it North, South, East or West." 
 
 COERCION IS REVOLUTION. 
 
 On the first day of Februar;y, 1861, Ho- 
 ratio Seymour made a speech in Tweddle 
 Ilall, in which he openly espressed him- 
 
REPUBLICAN COLUMN. 15 DEMOCRATIC COLUMN. 
 
 full well that the rebellion will be rc-enactcd self on the side of the secessionists of 
 
 within the limits of their natural lives. With ti,„ Q^„tu a^^„. „.i i i *• i. 
 
 it the rebellion will be forever impossible- ^he South. Among other declarations be 
 
 The people who have the virtue and the in- made the following : 
 
 tel-ligence to plant in the Constitution of tlie '-It would be an act of madness and folly 
 
 country that irrepea able guarantee will have in entering upon this contest, to underrate the 
 
 the virtue and intelligence to maintain in- South, and thus subject ourselves to thedis- 
 
 violate their Constitution while they live jrrace of defeat in an inglorious warfare 
 
 and transmit it unimpaired to their children, Even successful coeuciox Br the North is 
 
 charging them with their dying breath to quite as revolutioxauy a.s secession by 
 
 .'*tand by the Coustit»itions under which their the South." 
 fathers lived, and to maintain which the 
 
 bravest and noblest and best have died." 
 
 Conclusion. 
 
 ConcluBion. Jii behalf of the Democratic party, it 
 
 In the forgoing pages, it has been shown, h^s been shown : 
 in behalf of the Republican party : 1- That prior to the accession of the Bc- 
 
 1. That prior to, and on its accession to publicans to power, its leaders in Congress, 
 power its purpose was peaceful only; that in the Cabinet, and in the States, were united 
 through leading statesmen, and by Presi- in a conspiracy for the destruction of the 
 dent Lincoln himself, it solemnly promised Union; that said conspiracy was actually 
 peace and equal justice to all, on the basis ripened into open v^-ar under Democratic 
 of the laws and the Constitution as then leaders and with the approval of the Dem- 
 existing. ocratfc party. 
 
 2. That u{X)n the close of the war, it 2. That upon the close of the war for the 
 carefully and patiently investigated as to Union, the Democracy opposed every mea?- 
 the temper and condition of the Southern ore for it| restoration which failed to briuG; 
 people, and tendered to that people all the the States and the nation under the control 
 advantages of the Union it had preserved, of the rebel and Democratic leaders ; that 
 upon the simple guaranty of the rights of it opposed unitedly every measure for the 
 citizenship, the perpetuity of the Union, preservation of the public faith, the cquol- 
 the preservation of the public faith and ity of representation, and the security of 
 equality of representation in the National the individual rights of the citizen. 
 Congress. 3. That its opposition to the guarantees 
 
 3. That all its legislation was scrupu- insisted upon by the Piepublicau Congress 
 lously directed to these ends, and that pun- was in the interest of the rebel loaders, in 
 ishment of rebels for their crimes was not sympathy with the oppressive enactments 
 even proposed. That upon the rejection of of the rebel State governments, and in fur- 
 these beneficent conditions by the rebel thcrance of their desire to place the control 
 communities, the Republican party, in strict of the nation and the States in the hands 
 conformity with the principles of popular of a hostile and privileged aristocracy, and 
 government, devolved upon the loyal peo- to withhold from the masses in the South 
 pie of the rebel States the duty of reform- all participation in political afHurs while 
 ing their local governments and institutions, demanding for them fall representation in 
 demanding of them only, that the govern- Congress ; that representation to be de- 
 ments so formed should bo republican, and signatcd by men hostile to republican insti- 
 that the proposed constitutional guaranty tutions, and anxious only, to remit the la- 
 fer the future should be ratified. boring masses to practical slavery as shown 
 
 4. That the States reconstructed in con- by their legislative enactments. 
 
 formity with these just and necessary re- 4. That though the States reconstructed 
 quirements have been restored to all their under the acts of Congress presented con- 
 
EEPUBLIOAil COLUMN. 
 
 16 
 
 DEMOCKATIC COLUMN. 
 
 rii^hts -within the Union, and that in the 
 full and perpetual enjoyment of those rights, 
 tbe Republicans stand pledged to protect 
 and maintain them- 
 
 5. That the platform of the Republican 
 party is in harmony with its peaceful and 
 patriotic legislation, and that the applica- 
 tion of its principles are essential to the 
 progress, perpK^tuity, aad prosperity of the 
 nation. 
 
 0, That its candiilatea, ita promiueot 
 stateamtjn and press, are united in their 
 support of the principles eaunciated in the 
 platform and embodied in the measurer, of 
 ihQ Republican Congress. 
 
 7. That peaccj secoriej, progress, the 
 leoiDpletc restoration of the Union, iadirid- 
 aarl aac colloctlye prosperity, and the odu- 
 *atioa and consequent elevation of the peo- 
 ple^ are the objects fo? which the Eepubll- 
 ^sn party labors, as they are the ends for 
 wiiich free govorDmcat has liseu established 
 anci pre«erve<l. 
 
 S. That, by the revolutionar-/ attitude of 
 the Demoop.aoy, the interests of Liberty 
 and the perpetuity of the Union are a*^aia 
 tltreatene<l and endangered ; and that the 
 objects for which the loyal people have 
 eontended, vrill bo beat assured by working 
 and voting for the election of GRANT and 
 ©OLPAX. 
 
 stitutions strictly Republican and eyidenee 
 of the ratification of the constitutional 
 guarantees, yet every Democrat in Con- 
 gress voted and protested against their 
 restoration to the Union. 
 
 5. That the platform of the Deraocrati« 
 party is in itself a declaration of war 
 against the restored States, dangerous to 
 the peace, and, if enforced, would destroy 
 the credit and prosperity, and retard thft 
 progress, and endanger the perpetuity of 
 the Union. 
 
 G. That the candidates of the Democratic 
 party, its prominent statesmen and press, 
 are pledge-d to the support of a disloyal 
 platform, dictated by the rebel leaders, and 
 the assertion of the superiority of the Ex 
 ecative and military over the legislative 
 department of the Government. 
 
 7. That the destrnction of the reorgan- 
 ized States, the repeal of cyery guaranty 
 of future security, the violation of the na- 
 tional faith, and the oppression and dis- 
 franchisement of the laboring masses are 
 the aims, as they are the avowed object*, 
 of the Democratic party, and may, there- 
 fore, be rea.sonably anticipated f*8 the eon- 
 scqaences of its accession to power. 
 
 8. That all who desire such fmits will 
 do most to produce them by voting for- 
 Seymour and Blair. 
 
 •PRIKTF» AT TOR OFFICH OK THa OBBAT BEPXTBLIC, WASRTXGTOX. )). C. 
 
 LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 
 
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L/eRARvQp 
 
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