Class Rnnk . , 7 7/^ A/v COPYRIGKT DEPOSIT Alonzo Lewis — At age of 37- ALONZO LEWis-Atageof63. Poet and Historian. CHAKLESF n MM-- staged 33 • Fust L>nu Printer. [See page viii.] JAMES R. NEW HALL- At age of 38. («7) • 'O p c u; 3 o w /J ^ l'!ff^ffxii] TOWN JIALL, KINo'S LYNN, ENGLAND. (■O) ST. MARdAKKI > i 111 K< II, K [Sf^ /agr zn'.] ST. STEPHEN'S CHIT.CH, LYNN, MASS. HISTORY LYNN, ESSEX COUNTY MASSACHUSETTS LYNISTFIELD, SAUGUS, SWAMPSOOTT N AHAl^T. 1864-1890. ^^W^-^^veJ^ LYNN : PUBLISHED AT THE BOOKSTORE OF GEORGE C. HERBERT. drjpAj \ ( ) T h: . Thk volume of the History ny Iann. by Alonzo Lcwi.s and James k. Ncwhall, known as the 1865 Edition, cmlx>dies our history from the first settlement, in 1629, to 1864. . . Another volume, by the last-named writer, bringing the history down to 1883. was published. . . The main Ix.dy of the volimie now in hand is this last-named work — with a Supplement continuing the Annals on to 1890 — thus furnishing what is liclicvcd to be a complete History ok Lynn from its first settlement, in 1629 to iSgo — ftiv hundred ami stxty-one yean. Indkxes. On page 295 commences a full Index of the preceding pages. On page 310 is the Index to the Pictorial Addenda. And at the clo«c of the Supplement is the Index to that de|>artinent. J. k. N. Lynn, 1890. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1890. by James k. Newhall, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. PREFACE It may properly be remarked that the volume now in the reader's hand, is intended in one sense to be complete in itself; that is, to embody a general view of our history, from the begin- ning of the settlement to the present time. Yet, so far as its record is in the form of annals, it is supplementary to the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn ; and the reader as he proceeds will find many references to that work. This course was adopted for the purpose of economising in the matter of space, by avoiding repetition, and at the same time apprising the reader where further information upon a given topic might be found. For the same general purpose, also, occasional reference is made to the " Cen- tennial Memorial." And the writer is, on the whole, prepared to claim, with some confidence, that this volume, in connection with that of 1865, embodies a full and reliable history of the place from the first settlement, in 1629 down to 1882, with as few repetitions, reviews, or recapitulations as would be consistent with an intelligent and comprehensive view. There has been no waste space to be provided for ; and some things have been omitted with hesitancy, where the press of matter upon the writer's attention allowed him only the privilege of choice ; a privilege that he has always exercised in a manner that seemed most desirable for the reader. There is, in a work of this kind, far more danger of omission than redundancy. And it is almost certain that the reader will (iii) Preface. ^/ think of some topic wmch it appears to liim has not been set forth with desirable fullness. Hut before concluding that there is an omission, accidental or intentional, it would be well to consider whether the matter is of general interest or of interest only to himself and jxrrhaps a few others, or to any limited or particular class. While it has not been thought expedient, when sjKaking of persons, to extenuate in a degree to give false coloring to c haracter, nothing has been set down in malice. The endeavor lias been to give an honest and fair account of whoever and whatever has come under nolict- With the reception of his furmcr imjxTfcct works by those whose opinions are of value, the writer has had abundant reason to be pleased ; and all courteous and well-intended suggestions have been gratefully received and duly considered. Whether his csca{x; from criticism is attributable to excellence or insig- nificance is a question about which he need not trouble himself The unfledged critic, as every writer knows, often fancies that he has demolished an author when he has only amused him. And it is well for both writer and reviewer to bear in mind that no author can be written down by any jK-n but his own — nor written up, as to that matter. That the book is entirely free from error, is lx*yond the bound i)f exjK'ctation, though much care has been taken to have all the statements correct. It would be extreme arrogance to claim for it what perhaps no other printed book ever yet (Mssesscd — perfect accuracy. A word is said, on page 253, touching the duties and |>erplexities of authorship. And on page 251 an account is given of the diflercnt editions of the History of Lynn. The pres- ent volume corresponds in the size of page and general style with that of 1865, and both are stereotyped. CONTENTS I. Introduction : beginning on page 9 : This Section embraces remarks concerning the Northmen, and their supposed early visits to our coast, together with a brief notice of the Indians found here. II. Annals : beginning on page 17 : In this Section our history is brought forward, in the form of Annals, from 1864 to 1882, the 1865 edition having, in the same form, recorded events from the time of the first settlement, in 1629, to said year 1864. III. Biographical Sketches: beginning on page 97 : In this Section appear, alphabetically arranged, the names of more than two hundred individuals, some deceased, and some now living, who have been residents of Lynn, with sketches, more or less extended, of a large number who have in various ways become conspicuous. IV. Miscellaneous Notes: beginning on page 221 : This Section is devoted to a collection of detached topics connected with our history, chiefly illustrative of the condi- tion of things at various periods. V. Chronological Table : beginning on page 275 : This summary is full, and intended of itself to give a com- prehensive glance at our whole history, comprising notices of remarkable events and interesting occurrences, with details sufficient for a clear understanding. (V) vi • Contents. VI. Conclusion : beginning on page 285 : In this Section appear compendious remarks of a somewhat desultory character, but pertinent and in accord with the general purpose of the volume. V'll. TuF. Indi.x : occupying the closing pages of the volume : This contains all the personal names in the book, arranged alphabetically with the subiects. \'I1I. Pictorial Addenda : page 311. TERRITORIAL DIAGRAM OF ANCIENT LYNN. ILLUSTRATIONS. Preceding the title-page are four pages of Illustrations, to wit : 1. Market street, Lynn, (south-west side,) as it appeared in 1820. 2. Town Hall, King's Lynn, England, and City Hall, Lynn, Mass. 3. St. Margaret's Church, King's Lynn, England, and St. Stephen's, Church, Lynn, Mass. 4. Two Portraits of Alonzo Lewis, one of Charles F. Lummus, and one of James R. Newhall. Respecting each of these a word or two may properly be said : The View in Market Street gives, in two sections, the entire south-westerly side, as it was sixty years ago. This drawing, and several others in the present volume, were made by the skillful young draughtsman, William T. Oliver, of course from details furnished by older persons. In his grandfather's shop — indicated by 22 — William Lloyd Garrison worked at shoemaking. The writer well remembers the street as it was at that period, and can confidently attest to the remarkable fidelity of the picture. The Town Hall, aitd St. Margaret's Church, of Lynn, England, were carefully drawn, by Mr. Oliver, from photographs kindly sent to the writer by Solicitor J. J. Coulton. The Hall is ancient ; but the precise date of its erection seems doubtful. The style, in the main parts at least, will be recognized as early English ; though additions have evidently been made, without a very careful eye to architectural unity. The front is composed of alternate squares of flint and freestone, the former beauti- fully squared and fitted. St. Margarefs was built about the year iioo, and hence is now near eight hundred years old. It was built by the first Bishop of Norwich, who also built the Cathedral at Norwich and Church of St. Nicholas at Yarmouth, to expiate his simony. It was from the wall of this ancient temple that the stone which with its friendly inscription rests in the vestibule of our St. Stephen's, was taken. See page 86 ; also page 76. Pictures of our own City Hall, and St. Stephen's Church (vii) Illustrations. accompany these, but it is unnecessary to go into details here, concerning them, and the reader is referred to pages 93 and 259. The Portraits to some extent speak for themselves. The beardless one of Mr. Lewis represents him at the age of 37, and is copied from one of Pendleton's litho- graphs, executed in 1S31. Mr. L. himself considered it a good likeness; and as he showed it to the writer on the eve of the publication of his volume of poems, in which it appeared, and elicited the innocent remark that it certainly did the subject no injustice in the matter of {)crsonaI apjjcarance, he rather sharply intimated that the critic's own discernment was not above criticism. The bearded one, which repre- sents him at the age of 63, will l)e recognized by many who well remember him, as very accurate. The likeness of Mr. Lummus represents him at the age of 32. It is from a painting by Wheeler, who for some time made his home in Lynn — a good artist, but in some respects an erratic character. Mr. L. thought it a good likeness ; and so thought his friends. The remaining one of the four is from a daguerreotype taken at the age of 38. These Portraits as they ap|>ear all on one page, seem a little crowded, to be sure ; but then, in former years, the individuals not unfrequently stood " shoulder to shoulder " in their Iab3rs, though it will not be claimed that the air was invariably serene when the three met to make melody in the old Mirror office, fifty years ago. The other Illustrations, being generally accompanied by expla- nations, seem to need nothing beyond mere enumeration here. Autographs. A large number of fac-similes of interesting auto- graphs appear in our volume, any one of which may be readily found by referring to the index, under the head *' Autographs." Autographs. (Sec Index, page 295.) Kirth-place of Alonxo Ixwis, 166. I'.urying-ground, first in Lynn, 291. Comet of 18S2, 283. Cottage in which Mr. Lewis died, 167. Cradle of Methodism — the old Johnson house. Market street, 315. Diagram, territorial, of old Lynn, vi. Dwelling-houses, early fashions of, 224, 318.319,32a Enoch R. Mudgc's villa, 321. Episcopal church, first in Lynn, 2O0. Exchange block, 317. First Parish meeting-houses, 311, 312, 3'3- Mart or Haven house, (ar.cient) 224. Indian signatures to deed of Lynn, 16. Lewis, Alonzo, his birth-place, 166; the cottage in which he died, 167. Lover's Leap, 309. Lyceum building, 30. Odd Fellows' Hall, 55. Old Tunnel meeting-house, 312. Pumping engine house, 57. Kail-road stations. First in Lynn, 316; one of 1S4S, 4a Rebecca Nurse house, 318. Soldiers' monument, 59. Sweetscr building, 317. View at Forest Place, 323. View at Lynnmere, (Mineral Spring) 325. \ irw at residence of Jas. R. Ncwhall, 327. Witch House, 32a I Witt's Rock, 309. HISTORY OF LYNN, INTRODUCTION. It has been a favorite custom with some New England histo- rical writers to claim that our coast was not only discovered but temporarily occupied, here and there, by the Northmen, or Vickings, not far from the year looo. Mr. Bancroft, however, rather treats the idea as fanciful ; and his opinion is certainly sufficient to justify grave doubts. But without occupying space to review the grounds on which of late much earnest disputation has been indulged in, we will quote from Mr. Lewis a passage that most concerns ourselves, and append to it a remark or two which discoveries made since he wrote seem to require : The Scandinavian manuscripts inform us that in the year 986, Eric the Red, an Icelandic prince, emigrated to Greenland. In his company was Bardson, whose son Biarne was then on a voyage to Norway. On his return, going in search of his father, he was driven far to sea, and discovered an unknown country. In the year 1000, Leif, a son of Eric, pursued the discovery of the new country, and sailed along the coast as far as Rhode Island, w^here he made a settlement ; and because he found grapes there, he called it Vineland. In 1002, Thorwald, his brother, went to Vine- land, where he remained two years. It is very reasonable to suppose that these voyagers, in sailing along the coast, discovered Lynn, and it is even probable that they landed at Nahant. In 1004, we are informed that Thorwald, leaving Vineland, or Rhode Island, "sailed eastsvard, and then northward, past a remarkable headland, enclosing a bay, and which was opposite to another headland. They called it Kialarnes, or Keel-cape," from its resemblance to the keel of a ship. There is no doubt that this was Cape Cod. And as they had no map, and could not see Cape Ann, it is probable that the other head- land was the Gurnet. " From thence, they sailed along the eastern coast of the land to a promontory which there projected — probably Nahant — and which was every (9) lo Introduction. where covered with wood. Here Thorwald went ashore, with all his companions He was so pleased with the place, that he exclaimed: * Here it is beautiful ! and here I should like to fix my dwelling ! ' Afterwards, when they were j)rcpared to go on board, they observed on the sandy beach, within the promontory, three hillocks. They repaired thither, and found three canoes, and under each three Skrcllings — (Indians.) They came to blows with them, and killed tight of them, but the ninth escaped in his canoe. Afterwards a countless multiti:dc of them came out from the interior of the bay against them. They endeavored to protect them.selvcs by raising battle-screens on the ship's side. The Skrellings continued shooting at them for a while and then retired. Thorwald had been wounded by an arrow undir the arm. When he fuund that the wound was mortal, he said, ' I now advise yon to prepare for your departure as soon as possible ; but me ye shall bring to the promontory where I thought it good to dwell. It may be that it was a prophetic word which fell from my mouth, about my abiding there for a season. There ye shall bury me ; and plant a cross at my head and also at my feet, and call the place Krossanes — [the Ca|>c of the Cross] — in a!) time coming.' lie died, and they did as he had ordered ; afterwards they returned." AutiquiUtUs Americatur. xx.x. The question has arisen whether Krossanes was Nahant or Ournet Point. There is nothing remarkable about the latter place, and thmigh so long a time has passed, no person has thought it desirable to dwell there, but it is used as a sheep pasture. It is far otherwise with Nahant, which answers to the description well. An early writer says that it was "weil w(xxled with oaks, pines, and cedars;" and it has a "sandy beach within the promontory." Thousands also, on visiting it, have borne witness to the appropriateness of Thorwald's exclamation — "Here it is beautiful ! and here I should like to fix my dwelling ! " This is pleasant reading, and it would be desirable to sustain the conclusions, or sup|X)sitions, if in honesty it could be done. It would be highly gratifying to our gentle neighbors of the peninsula to be assured that they have in keeping the dust of the distinguished Vicking chief, who was not only famous himself, but the head of a line which has given the world some of its most brilliant lights — among others the renowned sculptor Thor- wald. And the blissful faith, romantic and doubtful as it is, may, {wssibly, after all, be well founded, though if it should prove otherwise, the favored region has an abundance of other blessings to fall back upon. The authority on which the conclusions cm- bodied in the above extract appear to rest, is a famous Danish work, published at Copenhagen, in 1837. It is a very learned work, but by an author who seems to have occasionally permitted his enthusiasm to get the better of his judgment ; for it is now generally conceded by the more keensighted class of antiquaries, that it advances theories that cannot be sustained. That the V'ickings did visit lands far to the south of Greenland, is quite certain ; but whether they came within Massachusetts Introduction, ii bay, Vineyard sound, or the Narragansett waters, is doubted. The Vicking lodgment that received the name Vineland, is, in the foregoing extract, unhesitatingly placed in Rhode Island ; but it should be rema^rked that intelligent authorities have given it a very different location. Some have placed it as far north as Nova Scotia, or even Labrador, in which latter country dwelt theEsquimaux, who, according to Hartwig, were called Skrellen- gers, or screamers — not simply Indians, as the quotation has it. The evidence of the old mill at Newport, and the hieroglyphic rock at Dighton, has been ruled out ; and with it has gone much of the authority that attached to the great work which so unwarily adopted them as monuments of Vicking genius and handiwork. The mill was undoubtedly erected by an early settler, for the worthy purpose of grinding his neighbors' grists ; and the hieroglyphic adornments were most probably tht work of some Indian, proud of his artistic acquirements or an aspirant for historic fame. It has been supposed that the Indians had no mode of writing, no way of expressing an idea by visible char- acters ; but recent examinations and discoveries have proved that the fact is otherwise. And by the way, speaking of the Newport mill and the Dighton rock inscription, it seems remark- able that no one appears to have observed that the two so differ in mechanical expression, if the term is allowable, that it is hardly possible they could have been the work of the same people. At all events, if these roving Northmen were here at the early period claimed it is evident that they did not brave the ocean terrors for any legitimate purposes of discovery, or with any tangible convictions touching the existence of unknown lands. They were adventurous freebooters, brave, reckless, barbarous ; bent on making themselves possessors of whatever they coveted, by force, fraud, or any other means suggested by their brutish genius. And so they pursued their savage career, occasionally driven from their contemplated course by the violence of the elements, but never from their purpose of rapine and murder by the gentler instincts of humanity. But yet it becomes us to be a little chary of our denunciations of these people, for they were our own forefathers. From their loins sprang the brave. Saxons who have been so lauded as a race, and whose blood we so love to claim flows in our own veins. 12 iNTROnUCTION. A lively imagination will often make surprising discoveries, trace unexpected analogies, and form captivating theories, where we of the duller sort discern nothing unusual. And who that has reflected on the diversity of human minds has not felt almost hopelessly bewildered. There is as much ditTerence among minds as among faces ; and would that there might be invented a mirror in which to trace our mental features as we do our physical, in the looking-glass. There is little difficulty in recog- nising leading characteristics. We know the mathematical mind by its prcciseness ; the poetical by its ready discernment and love of the beautiful ; the semi-preternatural by its delight in things striking and marvellous. Now, in our friend Lewis's mind were combined, in a somewhat peculiar manner, the two latter qualities indicated. He had poetical conception and a love of the marvel- lous ; and under their prompting, stimulated by the fascinations of historic imagery, without doubt wrote the foregoing paragraphs. It is quite interesting to observe with what avidity intelligent as well as untrained minds will accept any thing that tallies with their peculiar bent ; and quite as interesting to observe how the same minds will reject the most rea.sonable conclusions that do not accord with their ideal prepossessions. Then there arc some who will believe any thing that requires the most feverish credu- lity to grasp, and others who will believe nothing that demands but a small degree of faith. We often treat with scorn and derision those much better and abler than ounselves simply be- cause we are incapable of comprehending their ideas, if ideas they have. As to that, however, most of us have ideas enough, such as they are, but fail to systematise and express them, when they happen to be of value, in a way to give force or even to be under- stood. Education helps to do something here. But then our gifts are various ; and with many the gift of slothfulness is so overwhelming that with the best of tools little work is done. It was not intended, however, to indulge in a sentimental strain, but rather, in a homely way, and as correlative to what has been said, to remark that it is really astonishing to observe how even accomplished scientists may be deceived and led to erroneous conclusions by baseless suggestions, adroitly made, in matters which they might be supposed constantly to hold in full survey. Introduction. 13 In the writer's own experience there once occurred an incident so aptly illustrative of the point, that he would fain narrate it in this connection though he must do so with diffidence and morti- fication — diffidence lest he should be charged with vanity, and mortification at having been the apparent cause of disturbance in many worthy minds : When a young man, he one day hap- pened in the printing office of a friend, who saluted him with a " Come, write us something for tomorrow's paper." The reply was, "If you will hand me a stick and rule and show me to a case — [a request that all printers will understand] — I will set you up something without writing." The proposition was com- plied with, and a piece of perhaps half a column in length imme- diately set up and left without any further care. It purported to detail some wonderful changes going on among the heavenly bodies ; was simply in a sportive vein and expected to be so' understood. Some of the statements were so glaringly inconsis- tent with established facts that it was astonishing to observe- the manner in which it was received by even wary savants. It was copied throughout the country, and referred to in pulpit discourses; and a New York paper — the Commercial Adver- tiser, if we were rightly informed — stated that it was trans- lated into various languages and published all over Europe. The editor of the paper among other letters received one from Professor Olmstead of Yale College urgently requesting informa- tion respecting its origin, and adding that he had been seriously annoyed by the numerous letters he had received asking for explanations which he could not give, notwithstanding he had twice given notice through the New Haven papers that he knew nothing about it. It was subsequently announced that at the National Observatory, in Washington, it had been declared a romance. The affair finally died away, much to the relief of the innocent author. Yet there were some amusing things about it. One of the most scholarly men in town, remarked, on reading it, that he had for several nights observed that Venus presented: the remarkable appearance spoken of. The ease with which even intelligent minds may be led astray, as illustrated by this- incident, is instructive. However, it is claimed that every thing, has its use ; and without the vein of credulity and habit of super- ficial observation the quack philosopher, the counterfeit philan- 14 Introduction. thropist, and the patent medicine maker would not flourish as they do. Taking a step further down in the history of the territory we occupy, we come to the Indians. A great deal of virtuous senti- ment has been expended, we will not say wasted, upon them. That there were here and there noble spirits need not be ques- tioned ; for the Creator never left a people in so f )rIorn a condi- tion that there were not some among them in whose breasts faint glimmerings at least of his own divine light remained. Hut the great body of the red men were of an extremely low order — cruel and implacable — with little conception of a higher life, or of human progress ; ambitious only of triumph over enemies, of dexterity in physical torture, and the extension of tribal authority. Yet they were as susceptible as any other people to the redeem- ing influences of the faith their invaders held. What they soon would have become had the settlers pursued a more kind and pacific, yea, honest course, must ever remain among the undeter- mined questions with which human history abounds. Ikit as it was, they began rapidly to dwindle away ; for big guns and catechisms cannot alone save a |)Cople ; especially where new, alluring, and destructive vices press forward in their company. There were, indeed, but few Indians in and about Lynn at the time the settlers came, and not half a score who were above the common level. Montowampate, who lived on Sagamore Hill, was a chief who stood much on his dignity. He was married during the year in which the first settlers came, being then twenty years of age. The marriage was celebrated with much barbaric pomp. But a while after, the wife went on a visit to the home of her maidenhood, and when the time for her return came a difficulty arose between the husband and his father-in-law on a point of etiquette, that seemed to threaten serious consequences, to the young couple especially. Matters, however, were finally adjusted and the dusky bride returned to her allegiance. The great question of woman's rights was to some extent involved ; and duty, dignity, and love, seemed to hold as fitful sway in those untutored hearts as in hearts trained to more refined world- liness. Then there was Poquanum, or Black Will, who appears to have been shrewd, venturesome, and unscrupulous ; and by his sale of Nahant to farmer Dexter, for a suit of clothes, left the Introduction. 15 town a legacy, in the shape of legal involutions which they would gladly have buried with him. But the pages of our 1865 volume contain so much of all that is known of the red men who pursued the game in our woods and the fish in our waters, that it would be almost impertinent to enlarge here. Before taking another step along in our history, however, let us say a word or two respecting Indian land titles, which seem to have been of a rambling, uncertain character. The settlers were generally willing to pay for what they occupied ; that is, pay something ; perhaps a hatchet or a hammer for forty acres ; and the pretended owners were seldom averse to selling ; indeed they were much too willing, for they would sell a tract over and over again as long as a purchaser could be found. Some of the chiefs claimed a right in the nature of eminent domain ; a right that seems usually to have been undisputed. The lands, however, were of little direct value to the Indians, for they were not an agricultural nor a pastoral people. The ques- tion of titles was long one of difficulty and dispute. By the spirit of the Charter it was plain enough that the settler could hold by occupation, subject to the native ownership. But perplexity in determining who the right owner was, often arose, for chiefships were so interwoven that nothing appeared clear. Governor Andros assumed that the signature of an Indian was of no more value than the scratch of a bear's claw — and he did what he could to make it so. But it is quite evident that the settlers held otherwise, or were at least anxious to guard against a contingency which they feared might arise. It was with this feeling, no doubt, that the people of Lynn, in 1686 — more than fifty years after the plantation was estab- lished — procured from the heirs of the deceased chief Wenepoy- kin, a release to them of all claim to the lands here, those heirs affirming in their deed that their ancestor was the true and sole owner of " y^ land that y^ towns of Lynn and Reading aforesaid stand upon, and notwithstanding y^ possession of y^ English, dwelling in those townships of Lynn and Reading aforesaid." These heirs, it would appear, claimed under the sovereignty of their ancestor, and did not admit that they had been legally dispossessed. The purchasing settlers probably did not much care v;hat they did claim, as the consideration was trifling, and i6 Introduction. they had no fear of the appearance of others, at that late period, with further claims. And the Indians must have seen of how little value the territory could in the future be to them. Yet to Lynn, this release might prove of the greatest value, in view of the position a new administration might assume. The following are fac -similes of the Indian signatures to the deed. David Kunkshamooshaw and Abigail his wife. Cicely aOoj Su George Mary Ponham aJias Quonopohif. (James Quonopohit, Mary's husband, was pcnm.in, and signed his name in full.] l.NDIAN SIGNATURES TO THE DEED OF LYN.V. Here we must bid adieu to our red brethren, ardently hoping that the remaining few of their forlorn and abused race may yet receive what is their just due, be sanctified and redeemed, and finally in the blissful land of reconciliation joyfully meet their arrogant supplanters, they too sanctified and redeemed by the same regerating love. Having thus in a necessarily brief and hence somewhat unsat- isfactory manner, spoken of the Northmen and the Indians, we come to greet the European settlers — our own forefathers. And here our " Introduction " may properly end, as in the fol- lowing pages, together with the volume which has gone before, many of the old worthies and their successors of every period down to the present, are summoned in to tell their own stories and illustrate their own times. ANNALS. [Note. These Annals are continued on from the History of Lynn, published in 1865, in which they begin with the year 1629, the date of the commencement of the settlement.] 1865. Monday, April 3d, was a time of great rejoicing in Lynn, the news of the fall of Richmond, the head quarters of the revolted States, being then received. Bells were rung, cannon fired, flags raised, and bonfires kindled. Many buildings were beautifully illuminated, though the news was not fully confirmed till towards night. The Light Infantry company hastened to show their appreciation of the event, and were soon marching through the streets, with a band of music. Fireworks gleamed in every direc- tion, and the whole city seemed aroused. A bonfire blazed on Sadler's Rock the entire night ; and the material of which it was composed being heavy tarred paper its remains were clearly visible more than fifteen years after. Old High Rock, also, lighted up the adjacent country with her fiery crown. One week after the above day of rejoicing, namely, April 10, the people were again jubilant, and this time, over the crowning event of the war — the surrender of General Lee, commander of the Confederate forces. The weather, however, not being favorable, the proposed proceedings were somewhat abridged. A procession, composed of military and fire companies, various civic associations and patriotic individuals, moved through the thronged streets, with music and banners. One or two individu- als who were reputed to entertain secession views, or who had indulged in expressions favorable to the rebel cause, were visited with rough threats, and forced to display Union flags. It was proposed to hold a meeting, in the evening, in Lyceum Hall, for speeches and other congratulatory proceedings, but the exhausted condition of some of the leaders and the drenching rain made it expedient to dispense with that part of the programme. The conspicuous and rather picturesque little wooden building on the summit of High Rock, known as the Observatory, was (17) 2 l8 ANNALS OF LVNN — 1865. burned on the night of April 19; perhaps the work of some patriotic incendiary who took that way of celebrating the anni- versary of the first battle of the Revolution. News of the assassination of President Lincoln was received in Lynn on Saturday, April 15, and was followed by becom- ing demonstrations of profound sorrow. The Mayor issued a request that all business places should be closed at noon, which was readily complied with, and mourning drapery was freely displayed. The City Council convened early in the afternoon and adopted resolutions expressive of a deep sense of the nation's bereavement. On Sunday the churches were draped in mourn- ing, and appropriate services held. The city authorities attended the First ^Icthodist church. At Swampscott, on the arrival of the news of the President's death, one individual, of alleged strong secession proclivities, was so indiscreet as to manifest his satisfaction in such strong terms as to kindle the wrath of his patriotic neighbors, who seized him, and after bedecking him with a coat of tar and feathers set him forth on a compulsory march through the town, bearing a Union flag, large numbers following in procession. He afterwards brought a civil suit for damages, persistently declaring that his expressions were misinterpreted, and recovered judgment for $800. There were five photographic establishments in Lynn, this year, at which were taken the aggregate number of 38.500 pictures. An idea of the extent of the lobster trade in this vicinity may be gathered from the fact that during the year ending May i, there were taken at Nahant 150.000, and at Swampscott 37.600, which were valued, as taken from the traps, at an average of six cents each. The fine mansion on Ocean street, for some time, and until his death, the summer residence of William H. Prcscott, the his- torian, was destroyed by fire on Sunday morning, May 7, It belonged to the widow of the historian at the time of its destruc- tion, but was unoccupied. Mrs. Mary Kirby was killed by falling into a culvert on the Eastern railroad, near Market street, June 14. On Tuesday afternoon, June 20, the bodies of John S. Joyce, aged 12, and his sister Isabella, aged 14, were buried in one coflfm, from St. Stephen's church, where they had been Sunday school scholars. These were the children whose terrible death sent such a thrill through the community. They were found murdered in a piece of woods, in West Roxbur)', near Boston, whither they had gone for an afternoon's recreation. No trace of the munlerer was discovered. Daniel Ames, of Lynn, in a sportive wrestling contest with Edward Gibson, at Nahant, June 17, received injuries from which he died two days after. ANNALS OF LYNN 1865. I9 Independence was this year celebrated, in Lynn, with more than usual pomp, all parties joining. There was a grand proces- sion, music, speeches, and in the evening a fine display of fire- works. A balloon ascension was to have taken place from the Common, in the afternoon, but an unfavorable wind rendered it expedient to postpone that, till the sixth, when it took place in a manner highly satisfactory. The taxation of Lynn, this year, under the United States rev- enue laws, was $626,993.12, being chiefly, of course, on manufac- tures. There were then but about 20.000 inhabitants. In July, several sharks appeared in Lynn harbor, to the terror of bathers and boatmen. And it may be stated in this connec- tion that the ferocious species known as man-eaters, some times make their unwelcome visits to these waters. In 1819 a boy was fishing near the mouth of Thomas Newhall's creek, so called, at Saugus river, when one of those desperate rovers suddenly sprang towards him with such a momentum as to ground him- self. The affrighted boy, by his shouts attracted the attention of a couple of men at work on the marsh, and they, hastening to the scene with their pitchforks, succeeded in despatching the monster. A considerable number of whales were observed at different times during the summer moving about in the offing. During this year there began to be seriously felt the need of a larger number of dwelling houses, especially those suitable for the accommodation of working people. Capitalists had in- vested so largely in government securities, and in enterprises promising greater returns — these being times rather fruitful of speculative schemes — comparatively little was devoted to the erection of tenement houses. A large number of workmen were obliged to come into town in the morning rail-road trains, labor during the day, and return to their distant homes by the evening trains. And the inconvenience was felt for several years. The number of individuals attached to the Sunday schools of the different religious societies in Lynn, this year, was as follows : First Methodist, 623. St. Mary's (Roman Catholic,) 500. First Universalist, 429. Boston Street Methodist, 322. St. Paul's, (Union Street,) Methodist, 300. First Congregational, 283. High Street Baptist, 225. South Street Methodist, 213. Friends' 200. First Baptist, 190. Second Universalist, 190. Maple Street (Glenmere,) Methodist, 183. Central Congrega- tional (Silsbee Street,) 182, Christian, 160. Tower Hill Chapel, (Congregational,) 159. St. Stephen's, (Episcopal,) no. Ches- nut Street, (Congregational,) no. City Mission, 73. Unitarian, 70. Third Baptist, (Wyoma,) 70. Second Advent, 30. These numbers include officers, teachers and pupils. Richard S. Fay, of Lynn, died in Liverpool, England, on the 20 ANN'ALS OF LVNX — I 865. 6th of July. He owned and for a number of years occupied the celebrated Mineral Spring estate, in the northeasterly section of the city. Beinj; a gentleman of culture and large means he highly enjoyed life in his romantic retreat, which he greatly improved and beautified. He was a graduate of Har\'ard, and for some years practised law. In agricultural pursuits he took great interest, imported improved stock, and engaged in many useful experiments. He was alTable and generous, and merited and received the esteem of all classes. During the war he con- tributed largely for the Union cause. At the time of his death he had just completed a European tour, and was expecting to return in the steamer which brought the news of his death. The death stroke fell upon him while passing in the street. Edward Franker, well known as the proprietor of a large wool- en factory, near the site of the old iron works, in Saugus, died, August 14, at the age of "Ji. His death was very sudden, he having retired for his accustomed afternoon nap, and being found, a few hours after, in his room, dead. He was a native of Wilt- shire, England, and came to this country while quite a young man, to seek his fortune ; was very successful in his enterprises, after becoming able to begin business on his own account, and accumulated a large fortune. The number of apple trees in Lynn, this year, was 17.400 and of pear trees, 21.900 ; yet the aggregate value of the fruitage did not exceed $16,000. On the morning of August 31, as a couple of gentlemen were passing from Market street towards Central square, they discov- ered that the inner clothing of a lady before them was on fire, and informed her of the fact in time, probably, to avoid serious injury to her person. How the fire was occasioned remained a mystery. There were this year owned in Lynn, 720 horses, the average value of each being $140. During the month of August, the shoe business of Lynn exceeded that of any previous month. The total value was $1,200,000; and the internal revenue tax for the month was $77,099.62. Business was very active, and would have shown a still greater increase had it been possible to procure a sufficiency of material and workmen. Gen. Alonzo G. Draper, of Lynn, died on the night of Sept. 3, at Brazos de Santiago, Texas, at which post he had been in command. He was shot from his horse, while riding out, as was supposed by a stray ball from a great distance, no battle being in progress at the time, and lamented by his brethren in arms as a brave and efficient officer. His body was brought to Lynn, and buried in Pine Grove Cemetery, on the 27th, with becoming honors. He was a native of Brattleborough, Vt. ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 866. 21 Very destructive fires raged in the woods of Lynn, Lynnfield, and Saugus, during September, the weather being unusually warm and dry. The woodlands hereabout, as well as in other parts of the country, have, from the period of the early settle- ments, been occasionally swept over by fire, which sometimes originated in the most unaccountable manner. In early colonial years severe laws were made against smoking tobacco in the woods, and various other precautions taken ; yet the fires would occur. Once in a while, it is possible, lightning may have been the cause of the mischief But recently a French philosopher has suggested that the globules of pitch which exude from the pines may sometimes act as burning lenses and so concentrate the sun's rays that they will produce flame. There is little doubt, however, that in these days the careless use of friction matches is the cause of many of these fires. Very few are aware of the rapidity with which a fire once lighted in the dry litter of a pine forest will spread and get beyond control. An extraordinary drought prevailed this year. It continued from July 25 to October 15 ; and had not been equalled for eighty-one years, as meteorologists claimed. The corner stone of the new City Hall, at the east end of the Common was laid on Tuesday, November 28, in presence of the Mayor, a committee of the City Council, and a small number of other spectators. There was no display. A proposition had been made to have the event marked by grand masonic ceremo- nies, but some of the old anti-masons energetically protesting, they were dispensed with. The number of deaths in the city during the year was 477, 1866. On the morning of February 5, Pranker's brick woolen factory, in Saugus, was nearly destroyed by fire. The town having no fire-engine, the flames had gained almost uncontrollable head-way before one could arrive from Lynn. Dr. Abram Gould, the oldest practising physician in Lynn, died, February 27, aged 58. He was a man of thorough educa- tion and much more than ordinary skill, and had gained an extensive practice. His residence was on Boston street, nearly opposite Cottage. On the afternoon of June 25, there was a heavy shower, which flooded the streets of Lynn, though Nahant and even Long Beach escaped the visitation. And on the afternoon of the 30th a copious shower took place in the eastern section of the city, while in the western there was scarcely a sprinkling. General Sherman passed through Lynn on the morning of July 16. An enthusiastic crowd rapidly collected in Central square, and most cordially greeted him. Some climbed upon 22 ANNALS OF LYNN — I 86/. the cars in their cacfcrness to grasp the hand of the hero of the grand march through the very bowels of the rebelHous Confed- eracy. His stay, however, was but momentary. The day was excessively warm, the thermometer in the course of the forenoon reaching to lOO degrees, in the shade. A rattlesnake, measuring four feet in length, and having ten rattles — thereby showing his age to be thirteen years — was killed in Dungeon pasture, July 29. The reptile attempted to strike his assailant before being despatched. James R. Newhall succeeded Thomas B. Ncwhall as Judge of Lynn Police Court, his commission bearing date August 24. The Central Church edifice, on Silsbee street, was entirely consumed by fire early on Sunday morning, September 9. No- thing of value was saved. It was of wood, built in 1850, and was insured to the amount of Si 5.000, exclusive of $2,000 on the organ and $500 on the pastor's library. The structure being on elevated land and the spire tall, when the flames enwrapped the whole, the scene was very striking. On an evening in September, a lady, who was sitting at a window in a house on Ocean street, obsen'cd a brilliant meteor descend and strike near the house. She immediately went to the spot and discovered the strange visitant to be white and smelling strongly of sulj)hur. On being examined by an experienced natu- ralist of Boston it was pronounced to be a genuine aerolite. A great meteoric shower was predicted to take place on the night of November 12, and public -notice was given that the church bells would be rung to awake the sleepers, if the celestial visitants appeared. But nothing unu.^ual was observed here during that night, though the sky was very clear. In some parts of the world, however, especially in England, a brilliant display occurred, at about the time indicated. At Greenwich, some 12.000 meteors were seen on the morning of the 14th. At Washington, on the same day, at about noon, an extraordinary exhibition took place. In this vicinity, at about the time, an unusual number of " shooting stars " appeared. 1 8 G 7 . A terrific snow storm occurred on the 17th of January. No storm witliin twenty-five years bore a compari.son to it for severity, with the exception of that on the i8th of January, 1857, when the terrible shipwreck of the Tedesco, at Swampscott, took place, at which time the cold was more intense. The mail carrier between Lynn and Nahant, for ten years, failed in traversing his route only on the occurrence of these two storms. There was an exceedingly high tide on the 21st of January. It was higher than at any time since the awful night of April 15, 1 85 I, when Minot's Ledge lighthouse was carried away. ANNALS OF LYNN 1 86/. 23 On Sunday, March 24th, Rev. Mr. Woods of the Boston Street Methodist Society, and Rev. Mr. Biddle, of the First Uni- versahst, exchanged pulpits. The leading doctrines taught by these two divines being so directi}'- opposite, a good deal of sur- prise was manifested, and not a little feeling on the part of some of the more rigid Methodists. While it was regarded by some as a commendable instance of christian courtesy, by others it was looked upon as a marked instance of waning denominational integrity. A strange reptile was killed near the head of Sluice pond, in May. It was something more than four feet in length, and in the largest part nearly as thick as a man's wrist. Its back was covered with a horny coat resembling that of a crocodile, the bone making a perceptible ridge. On the 27th of May, a man, in digging a post hole, in Summer street, exhumed some human bones, which were in such a posi- tion as to indicate that a body had been buried there, in a sitting posture. An arrow head and one or two implements and orna- ments were found with the bones, leading to the conclusion that they were Indian remains. The new house of worship of the First Baptist Society, a neat structure of wood, in Gothic style, on North Common street, corner of Park, was dedicated June 20. A beautiful mirage was observed from Long Beach, about noon, on Sunday, June 23. On the 24th of June — St. John's Day — 30.000 persons were carried over the Eastern Rail-road, without an accident. It was the day of the great masonic celebration, in Boston, when the new temple was dedicated. A balloon ascension was made from Lynn Common on the afternoon of the 4th of July. The descent was into the water off Swarapscott, but the excursionists escaped injury. Sagamore building, Union street, was nearly destroyed by fire on the night of July 13, it being the third time that it had come near being consumed. Immense quantities of mackerel appeared in the offing, in July, affording rare sport for amateur fishermen and profitable em- ployment for professional. A whale, some fifty feet in length, and two or three others somewhat smaller, were several times seen ranging about, evidently bent on securing their share. Sev- eral voracious horse-mackerel, with keen appetites, also made their appearance. A fire occurred in Wyoma village, on the morning of August 3d, on the premises occupied by T. L. Brown and Company, for the wool-pulling business. Property to the value of ^18.000 was destroyed. A swing-tail shark, fifteen feet in length, was taken off Swamp- 24 AXN'ALS OF LYNN — I 86/. scott, in a net, August lo, and sold to Professor Agassiz for fifty dollars. On the morning of Aug. lo, a flock of flying-fish, some twenty in number, appeared off Nahant, darting about and eliciting much observation, such visitors being vcr}^ uncommon in this region ; some even declaring that they were never seen here before. A sun-fish, of the estimated weight of two hundred pounds, was observed sunning himself near I\gg Rock, in August. The encampment of the Second Brigade of Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, commenced at Swampscott, on the 3d of Sept. and continued five days. A Second Advent Camp Meeting, so called, that is a camp meeting of those who believed that the second advent of our Lord would surely take place this year, commenced in Lynn, Sept. 10, and continued a week. On the last day of the meeting consid- erable excitement prevailed, as some of the more sanguine were confidently expecting that before another day the Son of Man would visibly appear. Avis Keene, widow of Josiah Kecne, died in Lynn, Oct. 13, aged 87. She was an accepted [)reacher of the Friends' society for some sixty years ; was a graceful and influential speaker, and by her blameless life, amiable disposition, and active charities, endeared herself to a very extensive circle of those who did not as well as those who did come within the sphere of her public ministrations. Richard Gregg, a sober, industrious man, aged 62, was killed on the Eastern Rail-road, near the Pleasant street crossing, on the evening of Oct. 17. Me was walking towards home, on the track, and was struck by a locomotive, which broke his skull and caused immediate death. An interval of beautiful Indian summer, of more than ordinary duration, was experienced in October. The new City Hall, at the eastern end of the Common — the site being at the lime about the centre of the city, both geograph- ically and as reganls population — was dedicated on Saturday, Nov. 30. The whole day, was very generally s[x;nt as a holiday. Crowds were in the streets, and about the building from morning till near midnight. The day was plea.sant, so far as a clear sky and sunlight could make it so, but otherwise so far as a boister- ous northwest wind and clouds of dust could make it. The tower and other parts of the building were decorated with flags, and the Lynn band was in attendance to dispense their enlivening music at suitable intervals. A good deal of care was taken to have as large a number of the elderly men present as possible, and as many as seventy, whose births dated back to the last century, were gathered, Epes Mansfield, born in 1783, being the oldest. ANNALS OF LYNN I867. 25 A little before noon, the exercises commenced in the vestibule, with a prayer offered by Rev. J. W. F. Barnes, of the First Methodist Church. Mayor Roland G. Usher then delivered an Address, which was followed by a Poem by Cyrus M. Tracy. The Tablet, facing the main entrance, was then unveiled. Next came a brief address, retrospective and prospective, by James R. Newhall, which closed the forenoon exercises. A liberal collation waS' served in the basement, which was partaken of by a multitude of citizens and many visitors from other places. Subsequently a number of prominent citizens addressed the crowds in the Council Chamber and other conve- nient parts of the building'. Among these speakers were John B. Alley, James N. Buffum, George H. Chase, Charles E. Kim- ball, Peter M, Neal, and Thomas B. Newhall. There were like- wise several speakers from abroad. The entertainment was continued till late in the evening, the large company of ladies and gentlemen, young and old, promenading whithersoever they would, about the beautiful apart- ments, and enjoying themselves in decorous ways of their own choice. At the instance of the Mayor, about ten o'clock, the whole company were called to join in singing "America." And after that the majestic strains of the Doxology, in Old Hundred, floated upward. This closed the interesting exercises. As this is not the place that requires any thing beyond a mere state- ment of facts, it would perhaps be unwise to volunteer censure even if there were points that might justify it, or to offer laudatory remarks where they are not needed. The addresses and the poem were published in the newspapers of the day, and afterward in a neat little volume ; and they can all "testify of themselves." It need only be remarked here that the proceedings throughout were received with liberal applause. The cost of the building, in round numbers, may be stated at ^312.000. Some claimed that it was an unnecessarily elegant and costly structure, and of course, after the usual custom, in- dulged in a little harmless grumbling. But it was soon apparent that its superior conveniences would save expense in many ways ; and that it was giving an improving tone to the architecture of the city, a thing that had been long and sorely needed. Before a year had passed, there were few who did not take a real pride in pointing to it as the great lion of the city, or who entertained any lingering regrets that it had been reared. It certainly marks a period when a wonderful advancement in the architectural aspect of Lynn commenced. The first number of the Lynn Transcript, a weekly newspaper, established by Rufus Kimball, Thomas P. Nichols and Abel G. Courtis, appeared on Saturday, Dec. 21, from the office on the southwest side of Market street, near South Common. 26 ANNALS OF LYNN — I 868. There were born in Lynn, during the year, 664 children — 334 male and 330 female — 385 of native parentage, and 279 of foreign. December was the most prolific month, and April the least — TJ being born in the former and 35 in the latter. 18G8. On the evening of January 1 3, a meeting of naturalized citizens was held in a hall on Washington street, preparatory to forming an organization to promote their interests, as a class, and for mutual benefit. It seems doubtful whether such organizations, or the former ones aiming to place the administration of afiairs solely in the hands of natives, are really productive of permanent good ; that is, so far as public policy is concerned. The endea- vor to eftect a general union of interests and to avail of the best talent, of whatever 'derivation, would appear to give the highest promise. Nevertheless, there are many cases in which, other things being equal, it is eminently proper to give preference to natives. There has long been complaint that the people of Lynn are too much disposed to place new comers in positions of trust and authority. Admitting that it is so. it must be said that occasionally at least the good fortune of the party is aided by ignorance of his past life. Nahant this year numbered 95 polls, and had a valuation of Si. 054.37. On the night of March 3, the thermometer stood at 12 degrees below zero. On the 7th, the harbor was so frozen that loaded teams could pass over to the beach. A day or two after, however, the ice broke up. The ice harvest of 1867-8 was superior to any other known for many years, both in quality and quantity. The interesting ceremony of strewing (lowers on the graves of the fallen heros of the civil war. took place on Saturday after- noon. May 30. under the ausjMces of the local Post of the Grand Army of the Republic. A procession visited the different burial places, and at Pine (irove Cemetery, where a large concourse were assembled, appropriate services took place, with music and speaking. Comrade T. C. Vassar, minister of the First Haptist Church, delivered an appropriate address. The ceremonies were in accordance with a general order issued at Washington, by General Logan, Commander-in-chief of the association ; which order is here introduced, as explaining the character and purpose of the observance : I. The 30th day of May, iS68, is Hcsipriatcd fur the purpose of strewing with flowers or otherwfsc dccdratinfj the pravcs of Comrades who died in defense of their country during the late rebellion, and whose bo'. Much damage was done along the coast. The lower part of Beach street was overflowed to the depth of something more than two feet, and the condition of the whar\-es indicated a tidal influx as great. ANNALS OF LYNX — \8/l. 47 within a few inches, as during the memorable storm of April 15, 185 1. A great concourse, among whom were many women, gathered all about the headlands and in the vicinity of the beaches, to witness the grandeur of the scene, heedless of the pelting of the storm. The embankment along the seaward front of Ocean street was much damaged, and the Eastern Rail-road track was rendered impassable for some hours. The stone monument on Bowditch ledge, off Marblehead, was carried away, after having withstood the stormy assaults of thirty years. On the night of Nov. 17, a shocking death occurred in a house on Howard street. Mrs. Jane Clinton, wife of John G. Clinton, a barber, was found dead on the kitchen floor, the body bearing such marks as at first led to the supposition that she had been murdered, and an attempt made to conceal the crime by setting fire to the premises. Suspicion fell on the husband, and he was arrested. A coroner's inquest was held, and the result of their examination was that she was burned to death by the breaking of a kerosene lamp. The jury also found that both husband and wife had been intoxicated and engaged in a quarrel during the afternoon. They ascribed to the husband no direct agency in the death of the wife, but added that had he been sober, and attended to his duty, the death might not have taken place. A fire occurred on Lamper and Brother's wharf, at the foot of Pleasant street, on Wednesday evening, Dec. 13. A large stable and wagon shed, with a quantity of hay, were consumed. But the most lamentable feature of the disaster was the perishing of sixteen valuable horses. A startling tragedy took place on Saturday forenoon, Dec. 16, in which William Vennar, known also as William Brown, a man about thirty-six years of age, and a native of Maine, but who had resided here a few months, was chief actor. He came to Lynn with a woman who appears to have been the wife of Thomas Jones, of Washington, Me., but who had abandoned her lawful husband to live with Vennar, who seems to have had a wife in Washington. They were boarding, temporarily, with Mrs. Sarah Roundy, on Adams street. He was intemperate, and, especially when in liquor, of ferocious disposition. The two had many quarrels, but were represented to have appeared unusually loving on the morning of the murder. A Mrs. Conway, who resided in another tenement in the same house, at about half past nine, hearing terrific screams, hastened to the door, and saw Vennar clutching his victim by the hair, and with a large dirk knife actually butchering her. Having accomplished his purpose, by nearly severing the left jugular vein and wholly severing the carotid artery, he washed his hands and fled. But Mrs. Conway had, as soon as she recovered from the first shock of horror, given the alarm, and persons were fast gathering. Vennar, how- 48 ANNALS OK I.VNN — I 87 I. ever, escaped, and f^aincd a patch of woods on Farrington's hill, on the north side ot Western avenue. Here he was surrounded, and kept at bay till others arrived, among them the city marshal and several police officers. Vennar now took a defiant attitude, brandishing his still bloody weapon and threatening death to any one who dared approach. By direction of the marshal, offi- cers Thurston and Whitten endeavored to disarm him, but did not succeed. Finally, officer Thurston, in an attempt with a club to strike the arm that held the knife, lost his footing. Ven- nar then sprang to him, and with the utmost fury began to stab him. That was the decisive moment, it being evident that Thurston's life was in imminent peril, and that instant action alone could save him. And the marshal proved himself equal to the emergency. With jjromptness and coolness he levelled his pistol and fired two shots. And Vennar fell dead. The coro- oner's verdict, as well as public opinion, fully justified the act of the marshal. During the winter of this year the frost penetrated to an unu- sual depth ; in manyplaces fivcor six feet. There was little snow, and many days of intense cold. During the three months ending Dec. 31, the Swampscott fishermen brought in 1. 140.000 pounds of cod. At two cents a pound, which was rather a low price for that year, the value would be $22,800. Some $3,000 worth of oil was also obtained during the same three months. The number of passengers carried over the Fastcrn Rail-road during the year was 4.635.4S2 ; and the tons of freight, 378. [99. The rate of speed per hour, including stops, was as follows : freight trains, 15 miles; accommodation passenger trains, 20 miles ; express trains, 28 miles. The number of feet of lumber imported into Lynn during the quarter ending with December, was 8.443.000. About 50.000 tons of coal were brought in during the year. The number of persons carried to and from Boston, by the horse cars, during the year, was 122.000. There were 392 marriages in Lynn, this year. The ages of the oldest couple were 66 and 46 years, and the youngest, 18 and 16 years. The largest number solemnized by any one min- ister was by Rev. Patrick Strain, of St. Mary's Roman Catholic church. This year and the two preceding years were remarkable for the little rain that fell. It was a common remark that we experi- enced a three years' drought. The winters set in with extremely low springs. So many cases of small-pox occurred in Lynn, this year, that some alarm was occasioned, and measures were taken to have a general vaccination. ANNALS OF LYNN 18/2. 49 18 72. The new Methodist Meeting-house on the corner of Maple and Chesnut streets, Glcnmere village, was dedicated on the afternoon of February 15. The schooner Champion, of Swampscott, on Friday and Satur- day, Feb. 16 and 17, with a crew of twelve men, stocked 30.000 pounds of fish, which sold for four cents the pound — $1,200. For Friday's catch the crew realized $72 each. A two story wooden building, on Willow street, formerly stand- ing on the north side of Central square, and known as the Bay State Building from the circumstance of its being that in which the Bay State newspaper was printed, was nearly destroyed by fire on Sunday morning, Feb. 25. The City Hall bell was raised to its position, on Saturday, March 2. Its weight is 4.937 pounds. During the early part of March there were several extremely cold days. Ice was formed from Swampscott to Nahant. On the 7th the fishermen were able to do what they had not dt)ne before for nineteen years, that is, walk on the ice to their vessels at the moorings. A great many garden evergreens and hardy shrubs were killed. The average temperature of the month, at sunrise, was twenty-one and a half degrees, which was three degrees colder than the average temperature of January. On Thursday, March 14, the trim little steamer Meta, com- menced running to and from Boston, making two trips daily,, each way, with passengers and freight. In July, the Carrie was added to the line, and the two together then made six trips each' way, daily. But the line was soon discontinued. 86.000 lobsters were taken during the three months beginning with Jan. i, by the fishers of Nahant. Fears began to arise, and calculations to be made as to the probable extermination of the species, if the great destruction were not checked. It was shown,, at least to the satisfaction of many, that in forty years lobsters would become unknown upon the coast, if some restrictions were not enforced. The apprehensions became so lively that the legislature was induced to interpose, and in 1874 passed a law that " Whoever sells, or offers for sale, or has in his possession with intent to sell, either directly or indirectly, any lobster less than ten and one half inches in length, measuring from one extreme of the body to the other, exclusive of claws or feelers, shall forfeit for every such lobster, five dollars." The fears for the fate of the lobster were by no means groundless ; yet one is reminded of the appeals of some of the early settlers who were sorely apprehensive that the old iron works would consume all the wood that grew hereabout. A meeting of the City Council was held in the common coun- 4 5.0 ANNALS OF LYNN I 872. cil chamber on the evening of Tuesday, April i6, to join in testimonials in honor to the memory of Professor Morse, the inventor of the electric telegraph, who had recently died. Appro- priate resolutions were passed, and ordered to be entered on the records of both branches, and were also immediately sent forth, on the wires, to the meeting at the same time convened in the national rejjresentativc hall, at Washington. Brief addresses were made by the mayor and several of the city clergymen ; and the whole proceedings were highly eulogistic of the deceased. Died, at his residence on Western avenue, April 21, Dr. James M. Nye, aged 53, a native of Salisbury, Mass. He was a prac- tising physician here, some thirty years, was highly respected as a citizen, and for skill and promptitude in his profession. In scientific pursuits and all educational matters, he took great interest, and was not remiss in labors for the moral elevation of the community. For many years he was a prominent and useful member of the First Baptist church. The Lynn Homoeopathic Society was formed, April 23, by the resident homoeopathic physicians. May 30, was, according to the now established custom, cele- brated as the Soldiers' Memorial day. The address was delivered by ex-Governor Fairfield of Wisconsin, in the vestibule of the City Hall, the inclemency of the weather interfering with the contemplated out-door proceedings. The fine brick building in Franklin street, erected for the Cobbet school, was dedicated May 31. Besides the usual intel- lectual entertainment, a banquet was provided, to which ladies as well as gentlemen were invited. The Cobbet school received its name from Rev. Thomas Cobbet, settled here in 1637, as colleague of Rev. Mr. Whiting. There was a heavy thunder shower, June 12, during which the lightning struck in five places in Lynn, and considerably disar- ranged the telegraphic fire alarm. On the I7ih of June, a regatta took place under the auspices of the Lynn Yacht Club, which afforded much gratification to the large company assembled. The great musical entertainment known as " The World's Peace Jubilee and International Musical Festival," commenced in Boston, June 17, with its chorus of 20.000 voices and its orchestra of more than i.ooo instruments, its great organ, mam- moth drum, and belching cannon, and continued some fifteen days. Many ladies and gentlemen of Lynn lifted their voices in the chorus. Among the most notable features of the whole occasion were the grand performances of the instrumental bands from Europe — the English, Irish, French, and Prussian. The weather was excessively warm most of the time, and the crowds of people in and about the Coliseum, and indeed around the city ANNALS OF LYNN 1 872. SI generally rendered a visit though highly interesting, subject to many discomforts. Died, in Saugus, June 19, Joseph Cheever, aged a hundred years and three months. He served as a representative in the legislature in 18 17, and for several terms in subsequent years, his last service being in 1835. The first Roman Catholic church on Nahant was built this year, and occupied in July. The National Association of Morocco Manufacturers, composed chiefly of the principal persons engaged in. the trade, in the Middle and New England States, visited Lynn, July 11. They ■were hospitably entertained by the brethren of the trade here, and taken to Nahant, where they partook of a dinner, and then to Swampscott, where a supper was provided. During the day opportunity was taken to discuss matters pertaining to their branch of business, which had risen to be of commanding impor- tance in the country. A company was formed this year for the manufacture of Frear stone. They established a factory in Essex street, and among their first contracts was that to furnish the trimmings for the Baptist church, about that time in process of erection at the corner of Essex and Washington streets. Door-steps, memorial stones, garden urns, and a variety of other articles were made, which it was claimed were quite as durable and in some respects preferable to manufactures from natural stone. The company, however, were not successful, pecuniarily, and operations were soon discontinued. On the 1 8th of July, there was a considerable gathering under the auspices of the Lynn manufacturers, of persons engaged in the shoe and leather trade in different parts of the country. The portion of the company assembled at Lynn rode to Nahant in procession, and were there joined by others who came from Boston by steamer. The occasion was rather designed for social enjoyment than dry business purposes, and a band of music was employed to enliven the occasion. Every provision was made for table gratifications, and speeches, humorous and sedate, were delivered. Various sports were engaged in, and the inter- esting spectacle of a regatta provided. The latter, however, proved rather a failure, as a dense ocean mist rolled in. A comical little incident occurred to sortie of our grave city officials on a certain balmy summer day. The question of a new almshouse had been agitated in the council, and afterwards, in committee, the style of the proposed building was considered. In the course of the discussion it was represented, on newspaper authority, that a model institution had lately been erected in Hartford. Upon the information, such high authority not being questioned, three or four officials went forth on a tour of inpsec- 52 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1872. tion. Arrived in Hartford, they forthwith waited on the mayor and proceeded to unfold the purpose of their visit. They were hospitably received, but without circumlocution and with manifest astonishment informed that no such building as they came to inspect, existed. The polite attentions were calculated to alle- viate their chagrin, but not to abate the unspoken maledictions upon the disseminator of the false information that induced their fruitless journey. The lamps placed along the beach road leading to Nahant were lighted for the first time on the evening of July 24. They jjroved not only a great convenience, but quite a picturesque feature, as viewed from the heights. A Crispin strike, so called, took place in Lynn during the summer. The organization known as the Knights of St. Crispin had been in existence several years and embraced a large portion of the operatives in the shoe business. For a year or two they had been working at prices agreed upon between themselves and the manufacturers ; but the time to which the arrangement was limited had expired, and the employers were not all disposed to continue to pay the same prices, in every department, some of them proposing to make a small reduction in the price of work on a particular part of the shoe, where it was alleged such facili- ties had lately been introduced as to justify such a step. This was met by the peremptory order of the Crispin " Board of Ar- bitration," that ail members who were at work in the shops where the reduction was made, should cease work on Friday, July 26, as well those who were not called to suffer a reduction as those who were. The manufacturers did not projxjse to reduce the prices generally. In compliance with the official order, the Cris- pins in the shops alluded to, ceased to work ; the great body of the associates were soon idle ; and some of the largest manu- factories were brought to a " stand still," as the phrase was. To indulge long in such a course, it soon became apparent, would not only be damaging to individual interests, but seriously detrimental to the prosperity of the city. Some prominent man- ufacturers made preparations to move their machinery to other places, where they would not in future be embarrassed by the action of such organizations. A good many Crispins who had been satisfied with their situations and rates of pay, were forced by the order of their Board of Arbitration to remain idle for weeks, much to the injury of themselves and their families. It happened to be a season when business was not brisk, so that the manufacturers felt the better able to take a persistent stand against the demands of what they deemed an unjust and unrea- sonable organization. The Crispins, being generally dependent on their daily labor, and, with perhaps the exception of a few ANNALS OF LYNN I872. 53 hot-heads, really considerate and fair-minded, began to see the greater evils that must follow, if things remained in that position, or if the business were driven out of the city. On the evening of August 2, the manufacturers held a meeting at which it was resolved " That it is for the best interests of the city of Lynn that every manufacturer manage his own business, irrespective of any organization." The following agreement was then drawn up, and received the signatures of some fifty of the principal individual manufacturers and firms : " We the undersigned, man- ufacturers of the city of Lynn, hereby agree that on and after Saturday, Aug. lo, we will employ no person subject to, or under the control of, any organization claiming the power to interfere with any contract between employer and employee." They claimed that they had a right to make their own bargains, and had decided to make them with such only as were free to bargain for themselves. The Crispins received notice of the determina- tion of the manufacturers, and though at first there seemed to some extent a disposition to refuse compliance, the organization in reality soon ceased to claim control over its members in the vexed matter of bargaining for wages. And then, when business revived, all hands went cheerfully to work. On the whole, per- haps, this movement was beneficial in its results, for it was taken notice of throughout the country, and elicited discussions touch- ing such organizations which were calculated to prove widely useful. And here, at home, the good and evil features of the local organization were canvassed in a manner that may have a permanent influence for good. There was an unusually small amount of personal acrimony exhibited during the proceedings, the troublesome questions being mostly met, by both sides, in a forbearing, manly way. Possibly the circumstance most to be lamented was that some of the enterprising manufacturers with- drew portions at least of their business from Lynn and established factories in other parts of the State, in Maine and New Hamp- shire. Some distant towns, availing themselves of the posture of affairs here, offered large inducements in the way of remission of taxes and assistance in various forms to such as would com- mence establishments within their borders. Early in the evening of Aug. 13, the large box factory building of S. O. Breed, near the southerly end of Commercial street, was struck by lightning and set on fire. It was totally destroyed, together with a small building in the rear. The bolt was seen by several persons when it struck. The summer of this year was remarkable for its excessive heat and the frequency and severity of its thunder showers. It was also remarkable for the abundance of winged insects, particularly mosquitos and house flies. From April to Nov. much rain fell. 54 ANNALS OF LYNN — I 872. The brick house of worship of the First Congregational So- ciety, on South Common street, corner of Vine, was dedicated on Thursday evening, Aug. 29 ; sermon by Rev. Mr. Dennin. An auction sale of pews was held on the evening of Sept. 18, and S3.000 raised. The highest bid for choice was $2 50. The corner stone was laid on the afternoon of July 10, 1871. The capacious and elegant Ingalls school house, on Essex street, was dedicated Aug. 31. Ingalls school was so named from lulmund and Francis Ingalls, the first settlers. Died, in Swamp.scott, Sept. 25. Joseph Harding, aged 97. He was supposed to be tiie oldest free-mason in the State, having joined the Adams lodge, in Welitleet, in 1800. William F. Mitchell, having been chosen City Missionary by representatives of the ditVerent religious organizations, entered upon the duties of the office in September. He served faithfully for five or six years, and then the distinctive office was discon- tinued. From May 19 to Oct. 6, inclusive, on all the Sundays, twenty- one in number, the weather was pleasant. So famed had Swampscott become as a watering place that during this year it was estimated that there were between lO.CXX) and 1 1.000 visitors. The fashionable time for driving was from four in the afternoon, till dark ; and at that time the fine drives in the vicinity afforded as much elegance and as great diversity in turn-outs as could be seen any where. The gay nag pranced with the lordly equipage, and the raw-boned roadster with his rattling gig. There is probably no place on the New luigland coast with a more salubrious climate, or atTording better facilities for the comforts and enjoyments of a temporary summer resi- dence. Yachting, rowing, fishing, bathing, and in short all kinds of marine exercise or sport, can here be indulged in to the heart's content. Here, too, all the fashionable in-door recreations and diversions — games, music, dancing, social converse — may be pursued in the most genial company. And then the magnificent and ever changing ocean views, by sunlight and moonlight, and the charming landscape scenes are never wearying to the culti- vated eye. During the warm months of this year and the three preceding years there was great activity in real estate transactions, and prices advanced wonderfully, not only in the central sections but in the remote outskirts and rough highlands. Indeed they were rank speculative times. Many who owned small estates near business centres found themselves suddenly rich — and it should be added that if they invested their sudden gains in other real estate, and continued to hold it a couple of years, they probably grew just as suddenly poor again, for an equalizing depression followed the inflation. NNALS OF LYNN 1872. 55 Odd Fellows' Hall, on Market street, corner of Summer, was dedicated on Monday, Oct. 7. During the afternoon there was a parade, in re.2:alia, which attracted much attention, and a dinner was partaken of at the Kcrtland House. The dedicatory services, held in the evening, were of a highly interesting character, and at the close the officers partook of a supper at the above-named house. Soon after the dedication a great Fair for the benefit of the lodge was held in the new building, and the sum real- ized was a little over $5,000. The Bay State Lodge of Odd Fellows, in Lynn, was instituted in 1844, and at the time of the dedication numbered a menibership of 680. Odd Fellows' Hall, Lynn: Erected lnj 1S72. Cheap rail-road trains, intended particularly for the benefit of working men, commenced running on the Eastern Rail-road, between Lynn and Boston, in November. Twenty tickets were sold for a dollar, which made the fare about half a cent per mile. A train left Lynn at half past five in the morning and Boston at half past six in the evening. The great fire in Boston commenced on the evening of Satur- 56 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1872. day, Nov. 9, and continued to rage sixteen hours, destroying property to the value of $70,000,000. During the night, from the bights about Lynn the flames presented a grand and startling spectacle, and the light was seen by passengers on board the steamers as far ofl" as Long Island Sound. Detachments of the Lynn firemen hastened to the assistance of their unfortunate neighbors, taking with them a couple of our steam fire engines, and were afterwards by the Boston oflficials publicly thanked for their efficient services. A number of the business men of Lynn were large sufferers by the calamity. Between fifty-nine and si.xty acres of the heavy business portion of the city were burned over. During the latter part of the autumn of this year a singular disease prevailed among the horses here and all over this region of country. It seemed to be a scrt of catarrhal fever. l-!pizo(nic was the name usually applied. Scarcely a horse in all Lynn escaped, though it proved fatal in but few cases. It was, however, disabling, and evidently painful. So extensively did the disease prevail that for some days the accustomed noise of wheel car- riages almost entirely ceased to be heard in our streets. Hand- carts and wheel-barrows were put in requisition, and oxen, cows, goats and dogs were put to new duties. Odd and comical turn- outs were every where seen. In some instances teams of from three to six men were seen hauling along loads. The trips of the horse cars to Boston were suspended, and only occasionally was one made through Lynn. Public request was made by the authorities for the citizens to hasten, in case of an alarm of fire, and assist in dragging the steam fire-engines. In Boston, the United States mails were carried to and from the post-office in ox teams. The ministers in many instances took up the matter as the theme of their Sunday discourses ; and the whole community began to realize our dependence on the equine race. In many cases the recovery was slow, and the exhausting cflTccts were felt for months. The brick and iron station of the Eastern Rail-road, on Central square, was built this year ; also the brick and iron station on State street ; which latter was soon taken down. On pages 40, 41, and 42, may be found a brief account of the " rail-road war," so called, which took place about this time. The number of daily passenger trains running from Lynn to Boston was forty ; and the number from Boston to Lynn was the same, including five from East Boston. Ten years before but twelve ran each way. The Reser%'oir, on the northerly slope of Second Pine Hill was built this year. The whole number of streets in Lynn, this year, was 236 ; and the number of courts and alleys 75 ; together making about ninety miles in length. ANNALS OF LYNN • 1873- 5; 1873. The pumping engine at the public water works, on Walnut street, was first put in operation on the afternoon of January 14, sending up the water from Breed's pond into the Pine Hill Res- ervoir. And on the 27th of February the water was let into the distributing pipes. It was, however, soon discovered that serious leaks existed in the reservoir, and it became necessary during the ensuing summer to puddle the entire bottom. Measuring on a depth of fifteen feet the reservoir has a capacity of 2.000.000 gallons, and is 177 feet above the sea level. The depth is 18 feet, and the water surface about five acres. Pumping Engine House, Walnut Street, Lynn. (Rear View.) On the night of March 7, a fire commenced in the hardware store on the corner of Washington and Munroe streets, by which property to the amount of $3,600 was destroyed. This year Lynn had five organized bands of music, and few public parades of any note took place without the services of one at least. On the morning of April 9, the keeper of Egg Rock light shot two wild geese which had alighted on the rock for rest on their migratory journey northward. Several of our enterprising Lynn residents sent specimens of their manufactures to the " World's Exposition " which was $8 ANNALS OF LYNN 1873. this year in successful operation at \'ienna, in Austria. Speci- mens of boots and shoes, of elastic car wheels, and steam gauges were forwarded, and elicited favorable notice. On Soldiers' Memorial Day, May 30, Col. C. B. Fo.\ delivered the address. English sparrows made their appearance in Lynn, this year — probably the progeny of those imported into l^oston a few years before in the hoj^e that they would, in a measure at least, pre- ser\'e the trees from the ravages of canker worms and other destructive insects. liird houses were placed in the trees on and about the Common and on many private grounds for their accommotlation. A singular and almost amusing instance of forgetfulness hap- pened to one of our Lynn ladies this year. When about going away on a visit, she concealed, in a rag-bag, divers valuables in the shape of notes ami bank books, representing some four thou- sand dollars. Some time after her return she sold to a travelling rag gatherer the contents of her bag, entirely forgetting the con- cealed treasure, liut the alarming fact soon after occurred to her, and she hastened to attempt the recovery of her treasure. She traced the rag gatherer to Salem, found the place in which he deposited his musty chattels, and there regained her valuables. On the morning of Aug. iC, John Cuzner, aged 34, while at work, with two others, on the northerly side of the tower of the Washington street Baptist church, then in course of erection, was precipitated to the ground from a height of .seventy-eight feet, by the fall of the staging, and so injured that he died in an hour. The two others were seriously injured. Charles L. Sav- age, a mason, who worked on the same buililing, lost his life on the morning of July i, also by defective staging. A serious fire occurred in Union street, on the morning of Aug. 25, commencing in French's furniture store, near the Saga- more hotel, the latter barely escaping. Four hundred thousand gallons of water were used in extinguishing the tlames, and the water in the new reservoir was lowered four inches. Died, Aug. 27, William S. Hoyce, aged 63. He was greatly respected for his many excellent qualities. His native place was Portland, but he came to Lynn when about nine years of age, and by industry and diligence accumulated a respectable fortune. He was a member of the Society of Friends, upright in his dealings, intelligent and liberal ; was officially connected with several monetary institutions, ami for the last seven years of his life was president of the First National Hank. His death was tragical. He called at the United States Hotel, in Boston, and retired to a bathing room. Remaining so long as to e.xcitc alarm, the door was forced open and his lifeless body found, in such a condition as to leave no doubt that his death was volun- ANNALS OF LYNN 1873- 59 tary. His garments were found disposed in neat order, and every thing indicated premeditation. No satisfactory reason could be given for the act, though he had somewhat failed in health and become depressed in spirits. On the day of his funeral respect was shown for his memory by the closing of a number of prominent business places, and the attendance of many friends. The Soldiers' Monument, in Park square, was dedicated on Wednesday, Sept. 17. The day was pleasant, and Lynn perhaps never before witnessed a grander demonstration. A long pro- cession, consisting of military organizations, associations of vari- ous kinds, and the fire department, marched through the principal streets, along which many buildings were beautifully decorated, the City Hall especially exhibiting a profuse array of flags and streamers, with various emblematic devices. The dedicatory exercises were held on a platform erected for the purpose, in front of the City Hall, and consisted of music by the military bands, singing by the Lynn Choral Union, prayer by the Rev. Mr. Biddle, an oration by Col. E. P. Nettleton, and a poem by Mr, E. P. Usher. The monument, allegorical and classic, was designed by John A. Jackson, a native of Maine, but resident of Florence, Italy. The casting was executed at Munich in Bavaria, and the whole cost was 1^30.000. Soldiers' Monument, Park Square. Dedicated Sept. 17, 1S73. 60 ANNALS OF LYNN — I873. The new stone and brick house of worship of the First Uni- versalist society, on Nahant street, was dedicated on the nth of September, the sermon being preached by Rev. Elbridge G. Brooks. The corner stone was laid May 27, 1872. Concrete crossings began to be laid in the streets this year. The branch of the Eastern Rail-road, from Swampscott to Marblchcad, was opened for travel, Oct. 20, its length being four miles. There was a grand masonic parade in Lynn, Oct. 22, on the occasion of constituting the Olivet Commander)', installing the officers, and dedicating the hall. The day was fair, and the proceedings attracted much attention. October of this year was found to average the warmest in forty years ; but the next April averaged the coldest in fifty years, rain or snow falling on thirteen days, and there being but nine clear days. In the course of local discussions and disagreements as to the source from which the public supply of water should be drawn, a good deal of false alarm was created during the summer and fall. Some asserted that an extraordinary amount of sickness had prevailed in the previous year, and that it was in part at least attributable to the impurity of the water of Hreed's pond, which at that time furnished the supply. This induced the Lynn Med- ical society to publish the result of their investigations, which they did in the following terms : " Whereas, it has been generally reported that the last year has been unusually sickly, and the use of the water lately introtluced has been assigned as the cause, therefore, Rtsohrd, That the past year has been unusually healthy, and probably the imj)roved health of our city is in some measure to be attributed to the use of water more wholesome than that of wells, many of which are contaminated." The Friends' Biennial Conference was held in Lynn this year, commencing Nov. 19. A large number from all parts of the country were present, and the meeting-house, in Silsbee street, being inadequate for their accommodation, some of the meetings were held in the First Universalist church, on Nahant street, which was courteijusly tendered for their use, other houses of worship being also otTered. Many leading members of the dtnomination, male and female, were present to give their testi- •mony, to advise, and to discuss ; and it was considered a season of much spiritual profit as well as social enjoyment. The attend- ants fr^m abroad were hospitably entertained by our people of all denominations, and on their departure expressed much satis- faction. The three masted schooner Robert Raikes, of Provincetown, from Digby, N. S., struck on the " outer ledge," Swampscott, near midnight, Nov. 17, during a severe storm, and was com- ANNALS OF LYNN — 1874. 6l pletely wrecked. All on board perished. The fatal place was near where the Tedesco was wrecked, in 1857, and also the Fred Bliss, in 1870. There were five persons on board the Robert Raikes. The captain's name was John Ellis, and his brother William was also on board. And it was a rather remarkable coincidence that another brother, attached to another vessel, was lost during the same storm. Capt. Ellis's body was not recov- ered till Nov. 30. A prize fight was interrupted by the police at the Half-way House, on the Turnpike, on the morning of Dec. 31. The prin- cipals were from Providence, R. I., and Boston, and most of the company were from those places. The principals and several others were made prisoners. The fight was going on in an apartment of the house, and it was with great skill and caution that the officers eluded the sentinels and made the captures. Three masted coasting schooners, which for some years had occasionally appeared in our harbor, began now to be quite com- mon, that style of vessel proving to be much more readily and economically worked than the square rigged of equal tonnage. During the year, 515.952 mail letters and 39.162 drop letters were delivered in the city by post-office carriers. Birch Pond was formed this year, for the purpose of securing an additional supply of water, by building a dam across Birch Brook valley, on the east of Walnut street, near the Saugus line. The pond was made to cover about sixty-seven acres. 1874. On the morning of January 10 a fire commenced in the stable of the Glenmere line of stages, on Chatham street, and consumed the building, several tons of hay, and other property. The most serious matter, however, was the death of ten horses. The whole value of the property lost was $2,500. George W. Keene died suddenly in the St. Nicholas Hotel, New York, Jan 27, aged 58. He was a native of Leicester, in Worcester county, but from his early youth, with the exception of one or two brief intervals, was a resident of Lynn ; and his sudden death created more than ordinary sensation, for he was widely known as an active business man as well as for his genial manners and benevolent disposition. He belonged to a Quaker family, his mother being the accredited preacher spoken of under date 1 867 ; but he early adopted the Unitarian faith and held fast to it to the end of his life. He was a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellow fraternities and attained to high ranks in the lodges ; had a cultivated mind and took considerable interest in literary and educational affairs ; was thoughtful, and in his med- itations and reasonings did not always pursue the beaten track. 62 ANNALS OF LYNN 1 874. He became an adherent of the doctrines of the spiritualists, though perhaps in a modified form, and held a newspaper discus- sion on some points of their faith, with President Felton of Har\'ard college. For almost the whole of his business life he was engaged in the manufacture of shoes, the great staple production of Lynn, and by his enterprise in seeking out new inventions and introducing the most approved machinery did his full share in elevating the trade from the position of ill-requited toil to one of profit and commanding importance. The circum- stances of his death were peculiarly afflictive to his friends. He left home on Monday, accompanying a niece to New York, and on Tuesday evening, having taken lodgings at the St. Nicholas, as he was passing through the entrance hall, fell, and in a few minutes expired. He was buried in Pine Grove Cemetery, in the original purchase, laying out, and iedication of which, he took a lively interest. The funeral services were held in the Unitarian church, on the corner of South Common and Church streets, on a day of intense cold and amid the buflfetings of a raging snow storm. Mr. Kecnc married a daughter of Hon. Isaiah lireed, and by her had eight children, five of whom died in infancy. One daughter, Mary h., and two sons, William G. S. and Frank, survived him. The act incorporating the Lynn " Home for Aged Women," was passed Feb. 6, the institution being "for the purpose of pro- viding for the support of aged indigent females, not otherwise provided for." The institution was opened with a banquet and informal reception, on the evening of April 20, 1876, a large company assembling. The Irish organizations of Essex county joined in a grand celebration of St. Patrick's day, March 17, in Lynn. The pro- cession was long, and quite imposing — pronounced by some to be one of the three finest ever seen here, eight bands of music enlivening the long march, and the showy regalia and banners attracting much attention. A number of buildings were hand- somely decorated. The weather, however, was very unfavorable. A lady in Lynnfield gave birth to three children, at one time, in March, making up a family of four infants, under the age of thirteen months, and eight children, all under twelve years. The parents not being in very flourishing pecuniary circumstances, were deservedly the recipients of many useful gifts. Comrade George S. Merrill was the orator on the Soldiers' Memorial day. May 30. In the summer of this year, some workmen in digging a cellar on Pine street, in Swampscott, exhumed what were undoubtedly the remains of an Indian, probably of the ancient Naumkeag tribe. Their situation showed that the person was buried in a ANNALS OF LYNN 1 874. 63 sitting posture. Other remains, supposed to be Indian, were found a short time afterward in the same vicinity. Aboriginal remains, as they undoubtedly were, were also dug up in Lynn, near the corner of Ocean and King streets. The act incorporating the Flax Pond Water Company was passed June 2, being granted by the legislature for the purpose of supplying with pure water " the city of Lynn or any city or cities, town or towns." It enabled the corporators, their asso- ciates and successors, for the purpose named, to purchase and hold the waters of Flax, Sluice and Cedar ponds in Lynn, and Nell's pond, in Lynnfield, together with the tributary streams and a suitable width of land around to preserve the purity of the water, and such other lands as might be required for the neces- sary works. Died, in Peabody, June 6, Oliver B. Coolidge, aged 'j^. He was for many years a resident of Lynn and an acting justice of the peace, in which capacity his services were much sought for, as his judgment and discretion were greatly relied on. For several years he was ticket-master at the Central rail-road station, for which position his patience and urbanity well qualified him. He was a native of Woburn, and seven years town clerk there, likewise representing the town in the General Court. One of the most notable points in his life was his association with Mr. Good- year in his early attempts to vulcanize India rubber ; and it was interesting to hear his details about the experiments on an old cooking stove, amid poverty and every sort of annoyance and discouragement. The brick house of worship of the Washington Street Baptist Society, corner of Washington and Essex streets, was dedicated on Wednesday evening, June lo, the corner stone having been laid on the afternoon of Saturday, Oct. 5, 1872. A comet, with what is popularly called a feather tail, was visible this year, in the northwest, being brightest about the middle of July. Base-ball had, for the last few years become so popular a sport in different parts of the country as to be spoken of as the national game. Many of our active young men formed themselves into clubs and played match games with those from other places, some times from other states. Lynn Common was frequently the scene of these friendly contests, which called together crowds of spectators, before whom, in their often rather picturesque cos- tumes, and repeatedly in the fervid heat of summer, they exhibited their skill and prowess. But this year a convenient ground for the games was enclosed on the south side of the old Turnpike, a short distance east of Saugus river. Died, Sept. 2, John B. Wormstead, aged 85. He was a native of Marblehead, but long a resident of Lynn. In the war of 181 2 64 ANNALS OF LVNN — I 8/4. he was a privateersman, and assisted in the capture of seven prizes. One of the vessels had a larf:;e amount of specie on board, designed for the payment of British troops, and while under convoy for an American port, Mr. Wormstcad, being on guard over the prisoners, discovered a mutinous movement, just in time to prevent the disasters of a recapture. The crew of the fishing schooner Laughing Water, of Swamp- scott, on the nth of Sept. captured, off Boon island, a sword fish, weighing, when dressed, six hundred and ninety pounds. John H. Smith, aged 23, driver of Empire steam fire engine No. 5, was killed on the evening of Sept. 18, by being run over by a hose carriage when starting at an alarm of fire. His head was crushed by one of the wheels. He was buried from the Washington Street Baptist Church, on Sunday, the entire fire department attending, and also one or two societies of which he was a member. W^ong Chin Foo, a native Chinese, lectured in Odd Fellows' Hall, 6n Sunday evening, Oct. 11, to a large audience. He appeared in native costume, and his subject was " Confusius, the Founder and Teacher of the Chinese Religion." He spoke good English, and his lecture, giving a very favorable account of his countrymen, was listened to with much interest. He considered the religion of Confusius more promotive of the good of the four hundred millions of people by whom it is embraced, than any other could be, if indeed it were not the best for the whole world. He endeavored to remove from the minds of his hearers the false belief that his was a nation wholly given to idolatry, and to impress upon them the fact that multitudes of profound scholars and philosophers were to be found there, that moral science was cultivated and virtuous living enforced. During the last week of October the tides ran lower, as was calculated, than at any time for forty years. The c«ause was, partially at least, without doubt, the long-continued mild weather and oft-shore winds. A fire commenced in the furniture establishment of G. B. French, in Union street, on the night of Nov 9, destroying large portions of several stocks of goods. The premises were the same on which a fire occurred Aug. 25, 1873. A mechanics' fair was opened in the building in Market street, adjoining Odd Fellows' Hall, and known as the Academy of Mu- sic, then just erected, Dec. 22. Many useful mechanical contri- vances and interesting mechanical productions were exhibited by Lynn artisans and tradesmen, and by others from abroad. One rather peculiar feature was the introduction of dramatic enter- tainments during the evenings. For two or three years, business affairs in Lynn were in a greatly depressed condition ; indeed the same was true of almost ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 874. 65 every part of the country. There were quite a number of failures among the prominent shoe manufacturers, as well as among the smaller tradesmen and mechanics. Many operatives were out of employment for long intervals, and it was generally believed that some families of honest mechanics and laborers suffered, especially in winter, for what were commonly considered the necessaries of life. Real estate declined very much in value, rents fell, and many tenements were vacant. Yet the cost of most articles of family consumption remained high. The better kinds at least of bread stuffs and butcher's meat, sold at prices nearly as high as those of war time ; and the same may be said of articles of clothing. The whole history of the country shows that such seasons of depression follow seasons of great apparent thrift, or inflation, as perhaps they might in most instances be properly called, as surely as night follows day, mainly attributable,, no doubt, to the extravagance induced by the prosperous intervals. Extravagance in dress, among women, was a notable feature of the time, and many a conscientious though possibly timid young; man doubtless avoided a matrimonial connection from sheer apprehension that he would be unable to supply the demands upon his purse. About this time there were a great many vagrant wayfarers, called Tramps, homeless wanderers, drifting from place to place, seeking food by day at the hand of charity, and at night lodging in police stations, poor-houses, or other similar retreats. During the winter of this year an average of something rising four hun- dred a month were thus entertained in the basement of the City Hall — provided with a supper and lodging, and a frugal break- fast to start on in the morning. Lynn enjoyed a good reputation among the fraternity, as appeared by a memorandum found on one of them, detailing his experience of the hospitalities of differ- ent places, and giving a sort of bill of fare by which they were entertained. The lodgings here were described in the memoran- dum as being warm, and the food better than in most cities ; facts which in a measure, no doubt, accounted for the favor of repeated visits from some of them. Occasionally rare characters appeared among the motley crews. One evening a hatless orator rose up and entertained the crowd of " brother tramps," as he called them, with an address containing many sensible as well as humorous points, and delivered in a style that showed he had been trained to a different course of life. An artist of more than common skill and taste also appeared one stormy night. Several off-hand sketches that he made were very spirited and attracted much attention. But the entertainment of the increasing num- bers of this questionable class began to be intolerably burdensome in many places, and early in 1875 ^^^ legislature interposed to abate the nuisance, passing a law enabling cities and towns to 5 66 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 874. require all tramps to perform a reasonable amount of labor in return for food and lodging. This, together with the fact that our city authorities somewhat reduced their rations and assigned them less enjoyable lodging quarters had a tendency gradually to reduce the number who sought relief here, though it was some years before there was any really great decrease, as appears by the following showing for eight years : Number of tramps lodged in Lynn in 1871, 1.392. In 1872, 1.017. In 1873, 2.132. In 1874. 3.294. In 1875, 2.958. In 1876, 2.825. In 1877, 2.901. In 1878, 2.500. . 1 , f Christmas was very generally observed this year; mdecd for manyyears the observance of the day has been gaining in popular favor,' over the strange old puritanical prejudices. In 1856 it was made a legal holiday by legislative enactment. The festival of Easter, too, has come' to'be celebrated by most of our religious societies in a manner calculated to rejoice the hearts of all good churchmen, the floral decorations of the churches in some in- stances being superb. A rather novel kind of recreative exercise was inaugurated during the winter of this year, in the form of spelling matches. Large classes of old and young, male and female, would meet in churches or other convenient places, with spelling masters and umpires and engage in orderly contests, each member, on missing a word ignominiously retiring, and those successfully passing the orthographic ordeal receiving prizes. These healthful memoriter exercises afforded much amusement, and were sometimes quite productive in a pecuniary way, an admission fee being usually required of spectators. For many years, Fairs, as they were called, had been frequently held in public halls, church vestry rooms, and other convenient places, at which a great variety of the lighter articles of clothing, musical instruments, and all kinds of fancy articles, together with flowers and refreshments were disposed of for the benefit of some benevolent enterprise, in aid of church funds, or other worthy object. All the ordinary enticements of young lady solicitors, music, and occasionally a merry dance were resorted to. Hut seriously objectionable features by degrees crept in, till games of chance and lotteries so extensively prevailed that it became necessarv to do something to prevent the many serious breaches of the law, and of fair and honest traffic. Most of the principal clergymen of the city during the winter of this year signed an earnest protest which was published in the newspapers, and for a time the more objectionable doings were discontinued ; but by degrees, as generally happens in such cases, similar evils, under other names, began to appear. One thousand and thirty-eight dogs were licensed in Lynn this year. ANNALS OF LYNN 1 875. 07 1875. Dedicatory exercises were held in Trinity (Methodist) Church, Tower Hill, Jan. 13, though the main body of the house remained uncompleted. During the latter part of January, Eliza Ann, the nineteenth wife of the Mormon seer, Brigham Young lectured in Lynn on her " Life in Bondage." The peculiarities of the Mormon reli- gion and the practice of polygamy as it existed in the Salt Lake Canaan were dwelt upon. The picture she drew was a sad one, both in its moral and social aspect. But why she should have accepted the nineteenth marital position and then claimed that all the wrong was on the other side did not seem to be satisfacto- rily explained. On Sunday, Feb. 21, the eighty-fourth anniversary of the for- mation of the First Methodist Society of Lynn was observed. Appropriate services were held in the old Common street meet- ing-house, that being the first Methodist house of worship in New England. A codfish of the extraordinary weight of ninety-six pounds was caught in the offing, March 30. The Lynn Hospital was formally opened, March 31. The old Phillips mansion, on Waterhill street, the salubrious situation of which strongly recommended it, had been procured and fitted up in such a manner as to make it convenient for the purpose. A number of prominent citizens attended the opening and some made appropriate remarks. The centennial celebration of the battle of Lexington took place on Monday, April 19, on the territory where the battle occurred. Mayor Lewis and several members of the city govern- ment attended, all, however, bearing their own expenses, the city council having refused to make any appropriation. The Lynn Light Infantry, accompanied by a full band, also attended, as well as a multitude of private citizens. President Grant and some other prominent officials from Washington were present. The day was pleasant, excepting the prevalence of a high, chilling wmd. Such an immense concourse assembled that all the public conveyances were excessively crowded, and a great many were compelled to go hungry as the supply of provisions was altogether inadequate. A demonstration was made in Lynn, May 22, in favor of the Boston Revere Beach and Lynn Rail-road, the first narrow-gauge line in this vicinity, which was then in process of construction. A considerable number of men, young and old, volunteered the work of half a day with shovels and picks. A procession was formed under the leadership of Col. John Nichols, one of the oldest men in town, and accompanied by a platoon of police 68 ANNALS OF LYNN — lSj$. officers and a couple of bands of music, moved through several streets, reaching the scene of their labor about the middle of the afternoon. After performing a small amount of work — the main purpose, no doubt, being rather to show good-will towards the enterprise, than to help much otherwise — they gathered, in number about a hundred and fifty, in a hall in Munroe street, and there partook of an entertainment, after which speeches were made and many good wishes towards the road and congrat- ulations on its fair prospects were expressed. The great travelling show, known as the hippodrome of P. T. Barnum, the most noted showman of the age, visited Lynn on Saturday, May 29. It is not probable that any exhibition of the kind ever exceeded this in attractiveness. The multitude of male and female performers and attendants, decked in unique and showy costumes, the numerous trained and wild animals, the historic and classic equipages and appendages, which ajjpeared in the long procession that traversed the principal streets on the pleasant morning of their entrance, called forth throngs of specta- tors, old and young. The magnituiie of this aggregation of circus, menagerie, and spectacle could warrant exhibition only in the cities and larger towns. The tents were pitched in the Fairchild field, so called, on Boston street, extending back to the vicinity of Lover's Leap, and the principal one was said to be sufficient to accommodate 12.000 persons. Great numbers attended, not only of our own people, but from other places. A special rail- road train was run from Salem and Marblehead. During the afterntjon a balloon w;\s sent up, and after % short, successful trij), came down in Lynnfield. Decoration day. May 30, was duly observed. Gen, A. F. Ste- vens, of Nashua, N. H., was the orator. On the 17th of June, the great centennial celebration of the battle of Hunker Hill, took place in lioston. The Legislature had made it a legal holiday, the weather proved remarkably favorable, and there was an almost entire suspension of business in Lynn. Extra rail-road trains ran and multitudes visited the city to see the grand military and civic processional display. On the preceding night some famous bonfires were lighted here, the most conspicuous ones on High Rock and Reservoir Hill. The light of the illumination in Boston was distinctly seen in Lynn. This celebration, by the popular voice, both north and south, was pronounced to be more etiectual than any other occurrence since the civil war, in reestablishing the old brotherly feeling between the ditierent sections of the Union. The co'-ner stone of St. Joseph's (Roman Catholic) church, in Union street, was laid on Sunday, July 4. The Boston Revere Beach and Lynn Rail-road was formally opened lor travel on Thursday, July 22. After the directors and ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 876. 69 invited company had passed over the road, a collation was had at Odd Fellows' Hall, at the close of which speeches were made and congratulations interchanged. The regular hourly passenger trains commenced running July 29, on which day 1.075 passen- gers were conveyed. A few interesting Indian relics were found during the excavations. The famous sea-serpent was alleged by several credible persons to have been seen by them, during August, not far from Egg Rock. He was described, so far as his form could be discerned, to be of glossy black, with some white on the under parts ; the head resembling that of a lizard, long, flat, and from twenty-four to thirty inches across ; the mouth large and occasionally widely opened ; the eyes large and staring. He sometimes raised up his head six or eight feet and then suddenly submerged it. Some accounts gave the appearance of a flipper or sort of foot, which strongly indicated some such animal as the supposed extinct ichthyosaurus or plesiosaurus. He was also alleged to have been seen again in the waters of Lynn and Swampscott in November, An account likewise appeared in the newspapers of a furious combat between a serpentine monster and a whale, as witnessed by the officers and crew of a vessel on the southern coast. A General Convention of Universalists of the United States commenced a session in Lynn, on Wednesday, Oct. 20, and continued three days. The weather was favorable and the at- tendance large. Delegates were present from all parts of the country, one hundred and forty ministersconstituting the clerical representation. Much christian courtesy was extended by people of all denominations. Among the speakers on the closing day of the session was a full-blooded Delaware Indian, an accredited missionary residing in Canada, with settlers of his tribe. A blacicfish, ten feet in length, and weighing three hundred and fifty pounds was found stranded on Long Beach, Nov. 2, having probably ventured too far towards the shore during the night. 1876. This, the Centennial Year of the Republic, will be remembered for the fervor with which it was observed by all classes, and the magnificence of the displays, military, industrial, and indeed of every kind that enlivened patriotism could devise. Yet it was a year during which there was great business depression through- out the country. Had times been prosperous and means abun- dant it is quite possible Young America would have overleaped his proprieties. The most important enterprise, perhaps, that marked the year, was the World's Exposition, at Philadelphia, which continued open six months — from May 10 to November 10. Great crowds attended, " Excursion parties " were formed JO ANNALS OF LYNN — I 8/6. in all parts of the country, and hastened on to Philadelphia in a pleasant and economical way. The whole great undertaking was eminently successful, all the principal foreign countries heartily joining with splendid contributions. The Lynn exhibit, though not very large, was varied and satisfactory, pertaining almost exclusively to the shoe and leather interest. The speci- mens were much admired by visitors from all parts of the country and from abroad. Some twenty-five manufacturers had their goods displayed in an elegant case, over which was this announce- ment : *' Lynn, Mass., greeting : The Shoemanufacturers of Lynn desire to open trade with foreign countries, and are ready at any time to receive orders from Cuba, South America, Mexico, West Indies, or any other market. We make the very finest and the cheajK'st shoes made in this countr)'. We claim that our facili- ties, with our methods, organization and machinery, are not excelled for protlucing all grades of sewed shoes at the smallest possible cost. We make what is called for." Awards were made by the Exposition judges to several Lynn manufacturers. The City Item, a weekly newspaper, was commenced on Sat- urday, January 8. by Horace N. Hastings. A cat show, said to have been the first in the country, though not uncommon in ICurojje, was oiK-ned in I^xchange Hall, Market street, Feb. 29, and proved to be quite interesting. A number of the feline specimens were really beautiful, some showed re- markable traits of sagacity and cunning, and others wonderful progress in training. The weight of the heaviest was fifteen and a half pounds. Prizes were awarded. A grand exhibition of babies took place in Music Hall, Central avenue, March 4, including only those of three years old and under. Much interest was excited, and though arrangements were made for only fifty, the applications were more than a hun- dred. There was a great crowd of spectators, and prizes were awarded for the youngest, the fattest, and the handsomest babies. Among the latter was a sprightly little mulatto. On the 27th of the same month another similar exhibition took place in Odd Fellows' Hall, on Market street, at which seventy-two entries were made. A violent storm — the "equinoctial" — which suddenly set in on the evening of March 20, did much damage. Three or four of the fishing jiggers were wrenched from their moorings and driven upon the shore or wrecked upon the rocks, at Swamps- cott. It was called as violent a storm as any within twenty years. The beautiful summer residence of Charles W. Galloupe, at Swampscott, called Hay View Cottage, was totally destroyed by fire, April 2. Loss, between $50,000 and $60,000. A hair seal, weighing ninety-five pounds, was taken off Swamps- cott, in April. ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 8/6. /I " Let us plant a Centennial Tree," was a greeting that this year was heard in all quarters, and heeded by many. On the afternoon of Saturday, May 13, a party assembled in the little square at the junction of Ash and South streets, for an object so indicated. They procured an elm, some thirty feet in height, and put it in position as the stirring tune of Yankee Doodle was being played. A large number were present, patriotic remarks made and songs sung. Several enthusiastic ladies assisted in shovelling in the earth. It became necessary, however, soon to substitute another, as the original tree began to wither. May 30, Decoration Day, was duly observed. Gen. W. W. Blackmar, of Boston delivered the oration. From the commencement of the shoe trade in Lynn, a good deal of the manufacturing was done at establishments on either side of the Common, but in June of this year the only remaining factory was removed, the tendency having been, ever since the building of the rail-roads, to concentrate in other quarters. The manufactory of James Purinton and Son, which stood on or very near the site of the old Academy, was the last to leave, being removed this year. Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, passed through Lynn, by the Eastern rail-road, on the evening of June 9. He did not leave the car, and but few had a glimpse of the royal party, during their short pause at the Central station. That much-dreaded insect known as the Colorado beetle, or potato bug, first made its appearance here in the summer. It soon came to be a most destructive pest, descending or ascend- ing in countless numbers and in a few hours making such havoc with whole potato fields, as to render it necessary to replant. Probably not since the adoption of the constitution was the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence so generally celebrated throughout the country, as on this, the centennial year. In Lynn, however, there was no celebration under the auspices of the municipal authorities. Discordant views among the members of the council, and disagreements as to the suitable sum to be appropriated to meet the expenses, were the direct cause of the failure. But the patriotism of the people could not be suppressed, and the day was observed in various becoming ways. Before the morning dawn, bonfires blazed on several of the most commanding heights. There was a grand one on High Rock ; but the most noticeable was on Reservoir Hill. The old two-story wooden house, on Boston street, at the .south- west corner of North Federal, known as the Hart house, a part of which constituted the dwelling of Richard Haven, one of the very early settlers, and head of the great Haven family now spread all over the country, was, by the willing hands of Young America, and consent of the owner, torn down, a day or two 72 ANNALS OF LVNN — 1 876. before, and the combustible part of the material transported to the hill just named, and there reared in a pyramid some forty feet in height. As soon as the midnif^ht hour had struck, the pile was lighted, and amid the shouts and cheers and songs of the sleepless young spirits who kept vigil around the centennial sacrifice, it disappeared in a glorious blaze. Morning dawned ; and soon after daylight, there was a parade of the Antiques and Horribles, as such have come to be called ; in other words, a caricature display. The procession marched through the princi- pal streets and afforded much amusement to the early risers by the grotesque decorations and costumes, sarcastic hits, ami ludi- crous turn-outs ; some members of the city government who were not in favor of an ai)proj)riation for celebrating the day, being remembered in a manner that created considerable mirth. A successful semi-religious celebration was held in the First Methodist meeting-house, in the forenoon, under the general direction of Rev. Charles D. Hills, minister of the society wor- shi|)ing there. The principal feature of the exercises consisted of brief addresses on the following topics and by the following named persons : The Day We Celebrate, by ex-Mayor Thomas P. Richardson ; The United States of America, by John H. Alley, ex-member of Congress ; Christianity and Our Country, by Rev. Daniel Steele ; The American Public Schools, by Na- thaniel Hills, Principal of the High School; The American Ju- diciary, by Thomas H. Newhall. ex-Judge of the Police Court ; Massachusetts, by George H. Chase, ex-Postmaster ; The Cen- tennial History of Lynn, by James R. Newhall, Judge of the Police Court ; Our Army and Navy, by Capt. George T. Newhall. And Mrs. Abbie L. Harris was appointed to rcail the Declaration of Independence. At evening, there were many fine displays of fireworks, at private residences. The "Centennial Memorial," published soon after, by order of the City Council, contained an Historical Sketch, by James R. Newhall, and brief Biographical Notices of all the Mayors, with Portraits and other Illustrations. It formed a volume of 204 octavo pages, and was issued in a style perhaps as creditable to our printers and binders as any book from the Lynn press up to that time. The volume was prepared in compliance with a recommendation of Congress. A serious fire occurred on the southwest side of Market street, July 26. The principal losses were — by R. A. Spalding & Co., dealers in dry goods, some $5000; Mrs. Lancey, milhnery and fancy goods, ^2.000 ; W. T Bowers, photographer, $2.cxx). July and August of this year were uncommonly hot. Visitors at the World's Exposition, in Philadelphia, suffered much ; esi)e- cially those from northern countries. Died, December 17, at his residence in Park street, Jacob Batchelder, for many years a well-known and much-respected ANNALS OF LYNN — iS//. 73 resident. He was born in Topsfield, July lo, 1806, graduated at Dartmouth college in 1830, and came to Lynn in 1835, com- mencing his labors here as principal of the Academy. In that position he continued till the establishment of the High School, in 1849, of which he became the first principal, and remained till 1856, in which year he went to Salem to take charge of the High School of that city. In 1861 he returned to Lynn, and took his former position in our High School, remaining, how- ever, but about a year, and then closed his labors as a teacher, after pursuing the vocation for a little over a quarter of a century. In 1862 he was appointed librarian of the Lynn Free Public Library, and that office he continued acceptably to fill till the time of his death. He was Town Clerk in 1847, and collector of internal revenue several years. His remains were buried from the Unitarian church, on South Common street, where he had worshipped many years, and the funeral service was attended by a large number of the most venerable citizens. The lives of his two sons, Charles J. and George W., were lost in the war of the Rebellion, as noted under date 1862. Mr. Batchelder was a man of clear understanding, genial manners, and great industry, and should be long remembered as one who really did much for the advancement of the community in which he dwelt. A splendid meteor passed over the city about six o'clock on the evening of December 20. The fine brick fire engine house, in Federal street, was built this year. 1877. The Lynn Home for Aged Women was dedicated February 15. It was the eligible building on North Common street, erected in 1832 for Nahant Bank, and had been fitted in a very comfortable manner for the reception of those who were to make it the home of their declining years. The new and picturesque Town House in Saugus, centre village,* was dedicated March i. Wendell Phillips was chief orator, and all the exercises were appropriate and interesting. The corner stone was laid Oct. 17, 1874, ex-Governor Banks delivering an address on the occasion. Died, March 13, at his residence on Western avenue, Charles Merritt, aged 72 years. He was born in Bowdoinham, Me., and was a son of Rev. Timothy Merritt, one of the early ministers of the Methodist itineracy. Almost the whole of his long life vVas spent in Lynn. He was a Deputy Sheriff for the county, about forty years, and performed the perplexing and often disagreeable duties of his office in a highly satisfactory manner. Betbre the adoption of the city form of government he held several of the most important municipal offices, including that of chairman 74 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 877. of the Selectmen ; and after Lynn became a city, was called to continue in the public service — was an Alderman in the second year's board, and City Clerk five years. He was also a Repre- sentative in the General Court, and United States Revenue As- sessor. For many years he was an honored member of the South street Methodist church, and always maintained an un- blemished character. His wife was a dauj^hter of William Breed, a father in the Quaker faith, and they reared a respectable family, eiijht sons and three daughters having been born to them. Few men, after so long and active a life go to their final rest more worthy of grateful remembrance. The velocity of the wind in and about Lynn, during a storm, March 9, was seventy-two miles an hour. The annual session of the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, commenced in Lynn, in the old historic Common street Methodist meeting-hou.se, April 4, and continued one week. Bishop Foster presiding. The first session of the Conference here was held in 1795, in an unfinished chapel which occupied the same site. Svveetscr's brick block, a substantial four-story building, at the junction of Central avenue and O.xford street, was burned on the morning of April 7. It was well fitted with machinery and other appliances for the prosecution of the shoe business, on a large scale, and there was considerable stock in the different lofts. The loss, including that of an adjacent three-story wooden building, amounted to some $\ 15.1)00. The last building on Market street occupied exclusively as a dwelling was removed in the spring of this year. It stood on the southwest side, between Tremont and Summer streets, and was first owned and occupied by Dr. Cofllin. Some excitement prevailed in the spring of this year regarding mad dogs, and continued many months. Two or three fatal cases of hydrophobia occurred. The city authorities ordered that no dog.s should be permitted to go at large unmuzzled, and many canine lives were sacrificed. Samuel A. Parker, of Saugus, a worthy man, of middle age. died of hyiirophobia, April 17, having been bitten by a rabid dog, January 15. A markeil religious revival look place in the various evangelical societies of Lynn, in the spring of this year, and many were added to the churches. At St. Jose|)h's (R. C.) meetings in charge of four Jesuit fathers, from Chicago, were held, com- mencing May 20, which excited much attention and were at- tended by crowds. Captain J(jhnson, the intrepid fisherman who did his part in celebrating the centennial year by crossing the Atlantic in his little fishing dory " Centennial," exhibited his memorable craft in Munroe street, in April. He is said to have declared that a ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 877. 75 million of dollars would not tempt him to again undertake such, a fool-hardy feat. Died, in Oakland, Cal., May 2, John B. Felton, a native of Sau- gus, aged 48. While a young man he was a tutor in Harvard college, but settled in California and became a conspicuous lawyer. He was twice a Republican Presidential Elector, was Mayor of Oakland and a prominent candidate for the office of U. S, senator. On the evening of May 28 there was an unusually brilliant display of aurora borealis. Many honest and observing persons declared that they could distinctly hear a rustling of the corusca- tions. Imagination, however, probably had something to do with the auricular demonstration. " It has often been asserted," says Mr. Payer, the late Austrian arctic explorer, " that sound accom- panying the aurora has been heard in the Shetland Isles and in Siberia ; but all scientific travellers protest against this." Memorial Day, May 30, was pleasant, and the usual services took place. Rev. Mr. Biddle, of the First Universalist society, was the orator. An unsuccessful attempt was made in the Legislature of this year, by some of the business men of the east village of Saugus, to have their portion of the town united to Lynn. During this year, the old belief that light, passing through blue glass, has wonderful power in developing life, both animal and vegetable, and in curing diseases of almost every kind, was revived, and extensively prevailed. Many dwellings had a few blue panes set in the windows, and greenhouses were liberally supplied with the supposed life-giving appliances. The idea was started, at this time, by General Pleasanton, of Philadelphia, and seems to have been, that the electro-magnetism produced by the sun's rays passing through that medium, receives some mysterious and extraordinary power. While the excitement continued, the glaziers in Lynn, as elsewhere, had an abundance of orders. Ladies wore blue veils, and cerulean tints were decidedly in the ascendant. On the evening of July i, a severe thunder storm passed over the city. Between nine and ten o'clock a terrific peal startled the dwellers in the western section and a bolt struck the dwelling of J. M. Tarbox, at the junction of Myrtle and Walnut streets. Its instantaneous work was strange and destructive, the inte- rior walls being torn and pierced, and the furniture broken and thrown about in the most extraordinary manner. No person, however, was injured further than suffering a temporary shock, all the inmates being in bed. And herein appears additional evi- dence that the recumbent position, especially if a little elevated, is the safest, on such occasions. From the peculiar appearance of what looked like real " witch-work " about the house, it seemed ^6 ANNALS OF LYNN 1 878. not unreasonable to conclude that the bolt had an upward course The house of Mr. Tarbox is within a stone's throw of the rock which was struck in 1807. a portion weighing some twelve tons beinc^ thrown two hundred feet. The first boy church choir in Lynn, was organized this year, in St. Stephen's, and commenced taking their part in the public ser\'ices, in the summer. Hoy choirs, though comparatively new in this country, are an ancient church institution. In the history of St. Margaret's of King's Lynn, England, mention is made of the choir boys as early as 1478, a bequest or two having been made for their teaching and maintenance. The British Consular Agency at Lynn, was this year discon- tinued, the insignificance of British trade here not warranting its continuance. A rattlesnake, fourteen years old, as the nimiber of rattles showed, was killed in Lynn woods, July 5. And t)n Aug. 4, a huge one swam across Lily pond, Hostt)n street, and as he glided into the yard of John M. Newhall, was killed by a son of Mr. N., a lad of 14 years. This reptile was between four and five feet in length, and some two years older than his courageous destrovcr. For some ten days, in Sej)tember, at night, the waves dashing along our shores, exhibited an extraordinary phosphorescent glow. The spectacle was grand, strong easterly winds bringing in heavy seas. On the fifth of October, at about one o'clock in the afternoon, Alderman y\za A. Breed, of Lynn, was attacked by two ruffians, in Belcher lane, Boston, knocked down, and robbed of the large sum of $8,000. A light carriage with a man in it stood near the scene of the assault, and the robbers, after securing their booty, jumpetl in, and the three rode ofT. Mr. lireed gave chase, and was fired on from the carriage, three times, one of the |>istol shots taking efiect in his hand. The robbers escaped. The money belonged to the Central National Bank, and was in Mr. Breed's care, for delivery in Boston. A question as to whether Mr. Breed or the bank should bear the loss arose ; but a .settlement was made, the bank agreeing to sustain the principal share. 1878. At the beginning of this year rather serious labor troubles existed in several of the large manufactories. Di.sagreements between workmen and their employers, in the matter of wages, were the cause of the difficulties, but mutual concession and temperate negotiation finally resulted in satisfactory adjustments. The new bell on the First Congregational meeting-house, on South Common street, corner of Vine, was raised to its place, March 28. It may be interesting to mention that the bell which was raised on the Old Tunnel, in 1816, and the one which at ANNALS OF LYNN 1 878. 77 the same time was raised on the Common street Methodist house, were cast at the old Paul Revere foundry, and that the present one was turned out by Revere's successors in that historic establishment. When the Old Tunnel was removed from the centre of the Common, in 1827, and wrought into the house now on the corner of Commercial street, the bell went with it, and remained in the modest belfry till it was taken down, this year, and recast, the city paying for the recasting, in considera- tion of its having for more than sixty years faithfully marked the hours of twelve at noon and nine at night, as well as having rung out its fire alarms and jubilant peals, besides attending to its other duties of calling together worshipping congregations and announcing the bearing away of the dead for burial. Its Meth- odist coadjutor still survives and sends forth its sonorous calls from the steeple of the new brick edifice in Park square. A singular custom has for many years prevailed in Lynn, the origin of which it is hard to determine, namely the blowing of tin horns, by the youth, on May-day. From dawn till night, in all directions, these discordant instruments may be heard ; but especially are morning slumbers disturbed. The services on Memorial Day, May 30, were interesting, though the inclemency of the weather somewhat disarranged the proceedings. Rev. C. D, Hills, of the Common street Methodist society delivered the address. On the 1 2th of June, twelve gentlemen, mostly quite aged, and all lovers of old-time customs, set out from Newburyport to enjoy a ride to Boston in the old-fashion four horse stage coach of their boyhood. The driver was a veteran of the road, and eighty-one years of age. The start was propitious and the ride enjoyable, till they reached Lynn, when, near the junction of Western avenue and Washington street, an axle broke and the stage was overturned. Two or three of the passengers were seriously injured, and the aged driver received a severe shock to his system besides painful bruises. On the fourth of July there was a successful balloon ascension from Park square, Alderman Aza A. Breed, City Marshal Charles C. Fry and Frederick Smith, a Boston newspaper reporter, accompanying the aeronaut. A landing was made at Hamilton, in this county. There was to have been a display of fireworks on the evening of the day in question, but a singular accident pre- vented. They had been loaded at the laboratory, preparatory to transportation hither, but by means of fire or friction, they went off in one general explosion. Others, however, were prepared, and on the evening of the i8th a successful exhibition took place. Dennis Kearney, a radical agitator and " sand-lot orator," so called, from California, addressed a large collection of people, on 78 ANNALS OF LYNN — I 879. the Common, on the cvenin*; of Aucrust 12. He was coarse and intemperate in his language, and fitted to make little impression on intelligent minds. He was escorted from Sagamore hotel, on Union street, by a large procession of working men, and a band of music. Thursday, August 10, was a bright day, and a memorable one for the people of the east village of Saugus, it being that on which the public water was introduced from the reservoir of Lynn. A public celebration was held, with music, speeches, processional displays, illuminations and fireworks. Among the most inter- esting features were the performances of a detachment of the Lynn Fire Department, with their steam engine, hose, and lad- ders — demonstrating to the good people the value of their new acquisition. The Lynn Light Infantry had a ' veteran parade" and banquet on the I ith of October, which had probably never been exceeded in interest since the organization of the old company, in 1812, and elicited much commendation as a genuine and hearty civil- military demonstration. The procession included a number of prominent citizens and military persons from abroad. The march was long, and so interrupted at diflferent points by the acceptance of invitations to pause and partake ol refreshments that it was after dark when K.xchange hall, in which the banquet was prepared, was reached. After the gastronomic duties had been attended to, music, toasts, and speeches were in order, the latter abounding in cheery hits and entertaining reminiscences. The brick fire engine house in Broad street was built this year. And the iron railing was placed around the Park. It may be mentioned as a singular fact among the curiosities of temperature, that at midnight, Dec. 2, the thermometer ran higher in Lynn and vicinity than in any other part of the whole country — si.x degrees higher than in New Orleans, La., seven higher than in Savannah, Geo. and St. Louis, Mo., nine higher than in Charleston, S. C, and ten higher than in Jacksonville, Florida. On the 17th of December, for the first time in sixteen years, gold stood at par ; that is, $100 in gold were worth just $100 in greenback government notes. The extreme of variation was in July, 1864, when $100 in gold were worth 5285 in bank bills. The ditlerence in the relative values then began to decrease. In 1870 it averaged 114.9, in 1877, 104.7. 1879. Some 30.000 tons of ice, of remarkably good quality, were cut on Flax pond during the cold season of 1878 and '79- On the afternoon of February 27, an old trunk was discovered on the margin of Saugus river, near Fox Hill bridge, containing ANNALS OF LYNN 1 8/9. 79 the mutilated remains of a young woman. The nose had been severed, among other evident attempts to prevent identification. A great deal of excitement soon prevailed, and the newspapers, far and near, teemed with sensational articles. Hundreds came, many from distant places, to view the remains, some hoping to identify them, but the greater number probably from morbid curiosity. Untiring efforts were made by the police and others to solve the tragic mystery, and it was finally determined that the remains were those of a young woman of the name of Jennie P. Clarke, whose death was occasioned by the mal-practice of parties in Boston. Miss Clarke was a native of Milton, Mass., but at the time of her death was a resident of Boston Highlands, and would have been twenty years of age the very day on which her lifeless body was found. The illegal practice which resulted in her death took place in Lagrange street, Boston, and the offenders were tried in the superior court of Suffolk county. Caroline C. Goodrich was convicted as principal, and received a sentence of ten years in the house of correction, and Dr. Daniel F. Kimball, as accessory after the fact, was sentenced to six years in the state prison. The body was buried from the First Universalist meeting-house, in Nahant street. The brick house of worship of the Common street Methodist society, on Park square, was dedicated on Thursday, February 27, Bishop Foster preaching the sermon. Died, at his residence on Boston street, March 29, Henry Moore, aged 52, a native of Brighton. He was a graduate of Amherst college, and principal of the Cobbet grammar school, some twenty-four years ; was a faithful and highly esteemed teacher as well as citizen. Memorial Day, May 30, was observed in the usual manner, the address being delivered by Comrade W. G. Veazie, of Rut- land, Vt. The most notable occurrence this year was the celebration of the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement of Lynn — [1629-1879] — which took place on the 17th of June. The day was very pleasant and the temperature agreeable. There was a grand procession, an oration by Cyrus M. Tracy, and other appropriate exercises at Music Hall, and a banquet at Odd Fel- lows' Hall, followed by toasts, addresses, and music. Several friendly and highly interesting communications from prominent officials and others of King's Lynn, England, were read by George H. Chase. Attractive performances and out-door sports, of various kinds, designed to suit different tastes, were held in several localities, and in the evening a grand display of fire- works took place on the Common. A neat volume of 224 octavo pages, was printed by order of the City Council, containing a full account of the proceedings, with an Introduction and a Second 80 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 879. Part, by James R. Ncwhall, embracing historical, topographical, statistical and other matter relating to Lynn. It not being certain on what particular day of June the settlement com- menced — nor indeed certain beyond a doubt that it was in June — after some discussion the City Council fixed on the his- toric 17th, as the proper day for the observance, and in April appointed a committee to have general supervision of the pro- ceedings. This committee consisted of ^Iayor George P. San- derson, Aldermen N. D. C. Breed, and Nathan A. Ramsdcll, and Common Councilmen, President Charles E. Kimball, Charles E. Harwood, Josiah F. Kimball, and Alfred P. Flint. This com- mittee decided to invite the cooperation of the citizens ; and tjie Mayor, on the 30th of April, issued an invitation to the citizens generally to assemble in their several ward rooms, on the 5th of May, to select five persons from each ward, to act with them. The ward meetings were accordingly held, and the following individuals selected : Ward i. John L. Shorey, William Lummus, Breed Bachcller, John R. Jordan, George W. Vincent. Ward 2. Oliver Ramsdcll. William H. Rood, Sylvester H. Mansfield. John Marlor, C H. Ramsdcll. Ward 3. Amos F. Breed, J. l-Vank Lamphicr, Ebenezcr Beckford, Jacob M. Lewis, William B. Phil- lips. Ward 4. George T. Xcwhall, A. B. Martin, James N. Richardson, W. A. Clark, jr., L. A. May. Ward 5. T. P. Rich- ardson, Otis L. Baldwin, S. M. Bubicr, X. M. Hawkcs, George C. Ncal. Ward 6. Gardiner Tufts, James W. Switzer, Wallace Bates, Frank J. Douglass, William Sncll. Ward 7. William Shepard, Richard C. Lawrie, William F. Brackett, jr., Alonzo Penney, John Dougherty. The City Council appropriated $3,000 to defray the e.xjxinses of the celebration, and liberal individual contributions aided in various ways. Of the city appropriation, $750 were devoted to the juvenile pa^t of the procession, 55-5 to music, $350 to fireworks, $150 to the rowing regatta, $100 to the antiques and horribles, $50 to dory and tub race. $10 to bicycle race. The balance was absorbed by carriage hire, the banquet, and various incidental expenses. Rollin E. Harmon succeeded in ofiTice James R. Ncwhall, whose resignation as Judge of the Lynn Police Court took effect Aug. 24. The business of the court had a steady increase, as population increased, from the time of its establishment, in 184^). The earlier records having been destroyed, at the burniitg of the old Town House, Oct. 6, 1864, no exact statement can be made as to the business during the earlier years. But in the thirteen years during which the now retiring justice presided, namely, 1866 to 1879, the number of cases disposed of was twenty thou- sand, one hundred and twelve — criminal, 12.971, civil, 7.141 — exclusive of a large number coming under the juvenile jurisdiction and poor debtor laws. The entire term of the retiring justice, in ANNALS OF LYNN — 1879. 81 the court, was thirty years — seventeen as special and thirteen as standing justice. John A. Jackson, the designer of the Soldiers' Monument, in Park square, died in Florence, Italy, in August, aged 54 years. He was a native of Bath, Me. On Tuesday and Wednesday, Sept. 30 and Oct. i, the annual exhibition of the Essex Agricultural Society was held in Lynn, for the first time since 1848. It was the society's sixty-first yearly exhibition. Hon. George B. Loring, of Salem, delivered the address, in the Central church, and dinner was served in Odd Fellows' Hall. The weather was pleasant but very warm, and there was a large attendance. The receipts were found to be ^1.937.50, and the net profits ^659.37. St. Joseph's (Catholic) Cemetery, was consecrated, Oct. 16, Archbishop Williams conducting the ceremonies. The newly- invented telephone came into use in Lynn, this, year, especially for business purposes. Sherry's building, in Munroe street, was built this year, and was the first full six-story brick building erected here. Anthony Hatch, aged 6"], a farmer of Cliftondale, Saugus, died Nov. 19, from injuries received from an infuriated bull which he- was driving to pasture, on the Sunday previous. Benjamin F. Mudge, died on Friday evening, Nov. 21, at his residence in Manhattan, Kansas, aged 62. He was born in Or- rington. Me., but at an early age came to Lynn ; was our second Mayor, having been inaugurated June 16, 1852. He had made a brief visit here within a few months of the time of his death, receiving the cordial greetings of many old friends ; and while here delivered one or two very acceptable lectures on scientific subjects. A biographical sketch appears in our " Centennial Memorial," of 1876. The extraordinary occurrence of a clear sky,, all over the United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, happenedi Nov. 24, as reported by the U. S. Signal Corps. A flock of wild geese, estimated to be half a mile in length,, and flying very low, passed over Dungeon rock, Dec. 2. The length of pipes for the conveyance of the public water, in Lynn, was this year fifty-three miles, and the average daily con- sumption of the water was 1.268.000 gallons. The number of streets in Lynn, this year, was 480, measuring, in the aggregate, some 125 miles. The increase in the number, in ten years, was 125 ; in twenty 3^ears, 208. This year, after a long season — some seven years — of busi- ness depression, affairs began to assume a much more cheering aspect. Business of all kinds, in all parts of the country, began to revive, and every thing to look promising. Lynn had her full share of depression, and was among the first to feel the rising 6 82 ANNALS OF LYNN — I 879. tide of prosperity. Under date 1874 appear some remarks con- cerning; the then state of things. From the following statements an idea may be had of the provision for the ])oor. During the year, 523 families received assistance from the public treasury, the number of individuals being 1.993. The average number of jiaupers in the almshouse was 52. and the cost of each, per week, for food and clothing, was $1.35. The number of tramps furnished with food and lodging, was 1.757, ^^^ average cost of each being 14 cents. Some account of the latter class may be found under date 1874. The number of volumes in the Free Public Library, at the close of this year, was 27.804. The average daily delivery during the year was 461 volumes. The appropriation for the free education of the youth of Lynn, for 1879. was $83,000, which, with certain receipts, brought the whole amount devotetl to school purposes up to the generous sum of 586 8 16.88. The number of schools was as follows: i high school, 7 grammar and 55 primary schools, and i evening drawing schot)l. Whole number of pupils in all the day schools, on the first of May, 5.413. Average daily attendance of pupils in all the day schools, 4.667. The expenditure lor school pur- po.ses, for each inhabitant of the city between the ages of five and fifteen years, was $15.66. As noted under date 1864, the first steam fire-engine procured for the city, arrived that year. And now, 1879, we have four of those elficient machines, and the fire department is, in other respects, well equipped. It has m(jre than twelve thousand feet of hose, and there are distributed about the city, some four hun- dred hyilrants, twenty capacious reservoirs, and a number of public wells. The department is also provided with one large four-wheel double tank chemical fire-extinguisher and seven hand extinguishers. In former years Lynn has been, emphatically, what is termed a wooden town, almost every building being of wood ; and had it not been for the fact that there was no really compact part, serious conflagrations would probably have occurred. Laielv, numerous capacious brick structures have been erected, and as land increased in value, some of the business streets have become as comjvict as those of any city. It can hardly be ex- pected that in the future we shall be as free from disasters by fire as we have been in the past ; yet, with the improved facilities for grappling with the flames, and the improved modes in the construction, heating, and lighting of buildings, there is rea- sonable ground for hoping that our good fortune may continue. The telegraphic fire-alarm, which was established in 1871, has proved extremely beneficial, saving an immense amount of con- fusion and delay on the occurrence of a fire. Speaking of the later style of building, and the more compact ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 879. 83 character of some of our streets, leads to the remark that the great change in the mode of manufacturing shoes has been the principal cause of this, at least so far as relates to buildings erected for business purposes. It is quite within the recollection of our middle-aged people — as the writer had occasion to remark in the little book giving an account of the proceedings on our two hundred and fiftieth anniversary — that shoes were made by hand, not by machinery. The shoes were cut in the manufacturer's shop, which was generally a small wooden structure, and thence taken by the workman to his own premises, made up, and returned. A great many, however, were carried by express-drivers to coun- try towns, to Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont, and there made up, by workmen whose regular occupation was, perhaps, farming, but who resorted to the shoemaker's seat in winter and other unoccupied times. The work of some of these un- skilled operators was very poor and occasioned much complaint and annoyance ; but still a great deal of work went out of town, and a great deal of money went to pay for it. But the intro- duction of machinery wrought a great change. Large factories, often of brick, began to supplant the small cutting shops, and the little work shops of the journeymen began to disappear. The new factories were built in a thorough and substantial manner, as the ponderous machinery required ; some were tastily ornamented, and remain really fine specimens of architecture. To the factory it was now necessary that the workman should go to perform his labor. The work of making a shoe was divided among several, each having his particular part to do ; and the labor of all became so interlinked, that each depended much on the skill and promptness of the others for his own success. Rules were necessarily established for the guidance of all ; reo"- ular hours of labor, especially, being required ; and efforts were made to place the whole business on a permanent basis. And so the business continues, every day developing fresh energies and evidences of thrift. New factories are constantly rising, and though there is some abridgment of the old-time freedom of the workman as he whistled over his work in his rude little shop, he yet gains by the comfort, order, and sometimes forced indus- try of the factory. The number of deaths in Lynn, during the year, was 680, which, taking the increase of population into view, was about the usual rate of past years. The most fatal disease was con- sumption, by which 120 died. The next most fatal was diphthe- ria, by which 65 died. Consumption was the most fatal among adults, diphtheria among children. In 1S76 there were 121 deaths by diphtheria. The number of marriages during the year was 429. And the number of births, 717. 84 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1880. With the year 1879 it was at first thought advisable to close our Annals, the first two hundred and fifty years of our municipal existence being then completed. Yet it seemed as if that reason was hardly sufficient to refuse space for the occurrences of one or two additional years that would elapse before the volume could be presented to the public. It was therefore concluded to pro- ceed till a time nearer that of publication. 1880. A generous sum was contributed in Lynn, early this year, for the suffering poor in Ireland, our Irish residents being especially liberal. The winter of 1879 and '80 was uncommonly mild, so far as temperature was concerned. Far less ice than usual was cut on the ponils, and in consequence, the price during the succeeding summer was much higher than during any late preceding year. Yet the number of snow storms was above the average, there being thirty-four in number, and the aggregate depth of snow five feet anti three and a half inches. Kdwin Marble, who succeeded his father Hiram Marble in the strange search for treasure in Dungeon Rock, as spoken of under date 1658, died January 16, aged 48 years, leaving a widow but no children. I le had been out of health many months, occasioned, no doubt, by his persistent labors in the dark, damj) cavern, though the immediate cause of his death was paralysis. He was a man of good character and agreeable disposition, a firm believer in spiritual manifestations, and a patient laborer under supposed supernatural direction. He was buried near the foot of the rock, on the southwestern slope, it having been his expressed desire to be interred near the scene of his hopeful though fruitless labors. A considerable number of friends, per- haps fifty, most of them of the spiritualistic faith, were present at the burial senicc, which was simple and affecting ; and held there, deep in the forest, amid the winter scenery, was peculiarly touching. At the close, the hymn " In the Sweet By and liy," was sung. May 29 was obser\'ed as Memorial Day, the 30th falling on Sunday. The address was delivered by Col. T. \V. Higginson. On the evening of Wednesday, June 2, "Summit Villa," the fine mansion on the Galloupe estate, in Swampscott, was entirely destroyed by fire, with most of its contents, the loss, in the aggregate reaching about $15,000. It was rented to Commodore Hutchins, of New York, lor $3,000 for the summer. James McMahon, aged 50 years, a resident of Blossom street, was alleged to have been bitten on the arm, by a black spider, ANNALS OF LYNN 1880. 85 June 29. Deeming it a trivial matter, he made no application, till, on the second day, it became swollen and excessively painful. Medical aid was sought, but the progress of the poison could not be arrested, and three days after receiving the bite he died. It should be remarked that this is given as reported at the time ; but good authorities declare that no spider bite can cause death or even much pain. In the physician's return the cause of Mr. McMahon's death is stated to have been malignant erysipelas. By the summer arrangement of the Eastern rail-road, this year, there were one hundred and twenty-four regular passenger and freight trains entering and leaving Lynn, each week day. Besides these, there were thirty-eight out and in trains on the Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn steam rail-road, and the hourly cars of the Lynn and Boston horse rail-road. E.x-Mayor Hiram N. Breed and his wife Nancy Stone Breed, on the 3d of July, the 4th falling on Sunday, celebrated the *' golden " anniversary of their marriage, they having been united on the 4th of July, 1830. There was a large and cheery gather- ing of descendants and other relatives and friends, a number of city officials, and si.x ex-mayors. Independence was celebrated on Monday, July 5, in a moderate way. Explosives, as usual, made their demonstrations, early and late, bells were rung, and out-door sports engaged in. In the evening there was a successful display of fireworks, to witness which it was estimated full 10.000 persons assembled. Adam Hawkes was among the first settlers of Lynn, as we find him here as early as 1 630, located in what is still known as the Hawkes neighborhood. He had five sons, and many descend- ants remain, scattered all over the country, and adorning various professions and callings. Several are yet found in the vicinity of the early family home, and among them Louis P. Hawkes who occupies a part of the original farm, in what is now known as North Saugus. And there, on the 28th and 29th of July, of this year, gathered from various quarters, distant and near, an inter- esting company of representatives of the family, to the number of about three hundred and fifty. They met with cordial greet- ings and brotherly sympathies ; and the weather proving favor- able, the most agreeable anticipations were realized, all the exercises and entertainments, literary, social, athletic and gastro- nomic, giving much satisfaction. Hon. Nathan M. Hawkes, of Lynn, was master of ceremonies. Died, in Saugus, July 30, George W. Phillips, aged 70. He was a native of Boston, a brother of Wendell Phillips the " silver tongued " orator, and a graduate of Harvard college, with the 1829 class. He was a good lawyer and long in large practice, interested in town affairs, but steadily declining to hold ofiice. For some years he was a partner of Franklin Dexter, and man- 86 ANNALS OF I.VNN — I 88o. aged many important cases. During the last thirty years he was a resident of Saugus. was thrice married, and his last wife sur- vived him. His death was very sudden. Returning from Boston early in the afternoon, and seeing his men pitching hay, he said, pleasantlv, " Boys, would n't you like to have me up there with you .'' " He mounted the hay-rigging, and was presently observed to totter and fall, death almost instantly following. The funeral services were held in Saugus, Rev. James Freeman Clarke, Dr. Oliver W. Holmes, and one or two others of his Harvard class- mates being present and making remarks. A fire commenced on the morning of August 6, in the three story wooden building numbered 3 and 4, Central avenue, owned by S. P. Miles, and resulted in the loss of property to the amount of abt)Ut $2.SOO, largely in stock. On the afternoon of Wednesday, August 1 1, a meeting of the wardens and vestry of St. Stephen's Church was held for the formal reception of the stone from the ancient walls of St. Mar- garet's Church, in Lynn Regis, ICngland, which had been sent with its friendly inscription by the authorities of that venerable shrine, to be incoi^joraled in St. Stej)hen's Memorial Church, then in process of erection on South Common street. Resolutions were passed warmly acknowledging the courtesy of the brethren of St. Margaret's. Sunday night, August 22, was one of the most beautiful con- ceivable. The full moon rose between seven and eight o'clock and pursued a cloudless course through a sparkling sky. The air was soft, the westerly breeze very light, and the woody hills, rocky shores, and quiet sea defined with marvellous clearness. But this record would be common-place were it not for the additional and uncommon fact that at midnight, as on the 24th of November, 1 879, the weather was clear throughout the whole United States, though there were considerable variations of tem- perature. In this vicinity the thermometer stood at about 70" ; but proceeding southerly, it grew warmer. At Savannah, Geo., it reached 82 degrees. Tubular wells having been sunk by the city authorities on the south side of Boston street, between Cottage and Bridge, in the hoj^e of {)btaining large quantities of pure water, for public use, pumping from them into the Pine Hill reservoir commenced on the 4th of September. One effect, soon felt, was the draining of wells on estates more than half a mile distant. In the first forty-five hours that the pump was in motion 1.250.000 gallons were drawn. The cattle show and fair of the Essex Agricultural Society was again held in Lynn, on Tuesday and Wednesday, September 28 and 29. There was a large attendance and highly satisfactory exhibition. Lieut. Col. D. W. Lowe delivered the address. ANNALS OF LYNN 188O. 8/ The entire fire department had a parade, Oct. 20. The display- was very fine and to the participants an occasion of much enjoyment. At the close of the march dinner was served in Odd Fellows' Hall. In the autumn of this year a great sensation was produced in political circles all over the United States, by the appearance, in a New York paper, of. a letter purporting to have been written by General Garfield, the Republican candidate for the presidency, and addressed to " Henry L. Morey," of the " Employers' Union," of Lynn. It was in the interest of cheap labor, and in pursuance of the purpose, favored Chinese immigration. The Pacific coast people, especially, became highly indignant at the drift of the letter, and the name of Morey and of Lynn were heard in every quarter. But the letter was soon proved to be a base forgery, concocted to damage the prospects of General Garfield ; and it would, without doubt, have had a serious effect, had not timely evidence of the unpardonable fraud been discovered. It was satisfactorily shown that no such person as Henry L. Morey and no such association as the Employers' Union existed in Lynn. Early in the forenoon of Oct. 28, a fire occurred on the south side of Broad street, near the foot of Market, which destroyed the steam planing mill of James N. Bufifum and Company, to- gether with several neighboring buildings, the entire loss being some ^93.500. Soon after the burning of the planing mill, as above noted, it was concluded to rebuild on a site some six or seven hundred feet southward. The great brick chimney, nine feet square at the base, and ninety feet high, had been left standing in solitary grandeur, and was removed, in its erect position, without accident, by the skillful management of Boston contractors. On the 22d of November a beautiful mirage appeared in the bay. The district of Lynn, Nahant, and Swampscott, returned, as the product of their fisheries for the quarter ending Dec. 3, as follows : codfish, cured, 300.000 lbs ; mackerel, 400.000 lbs. ; her- ring, salted, 100.000 lbs. ; lobsters, 7.000 lbs. ; fresh fish, daily catch, 3 1 5.000 lbs. ; fish oil, 3.200 galls. Total value, ^44.141.50. A rather singular, though not serious, accident happened to ex-Mayor Buffum on an evening in December. He was in the store of Mr. Barton, on Market street the door of which was composed of a single plate of glass. Observing his horse, which had been left standing in the street, suddenly start, Mr. B. hastily and without realizing that the door was not open, but transparent, dashed through, causing one or two uncomfortable cuts upon his face and other parts of his head. The United States census, taken this year, gave Lynn a pop- ulation of 38.284. 18.255 males, 20.029 females. SS ANNALS OF LYNN 1881. 1881. The Voung Men's Christian Association Building, on the corner of Market and Liberty streets, was dcdicatetl on M(jndav afternoon, January 17. There was a large attendance, and among the no'.ablcs was Governor Long, who delivered a short address. The cost of the building was a little rising S57.000. The corner stone was laid on Thursday, April 8, 1880. the prin- cipal address on that occasion being by Russell Sturgis of lioston. On the morning of Wednesday, January 19, a fire occurred on the westerly side of Market street, near Hroad, destroying property to the amount of :^I5''\5on. Augustus H. Martin and Co., morocco manufacturers, C. B Lancaster and Co., shoe man- ufacturers, and Skinner and Colder, were the principal losers. For a time there was danger of a more extensive conflagration, and assistance in arresting the flames was received from Salem and Marblehead. A fire toc»k place on Sunday morning, January 30, in the car- riage manufactory of K. J. Leslie, on IJoston street, near Myrtle, by which property to the amount of S3. 500 was destroyed. Dr. Daniel Perley died at his residence in Hreed street, Janu- ary 31, at the age of //, leaving a widow, two sons and a daugh- ter. He commenced practice here in 1836, and became highly esteemed as a physician and citizen. I le was a native of Boxford, Mass. The government weather signals, on High Rock, were shown for the first time. I*'ebruary 23. A fire commenced in the rubber factory of Melcher and Spin- ney, in Broad street, near Market, ALirch 31. The flames spread so rapidly that one of the workmen to save his life was obliged to jump from a second-story window. Total loss on building and stock, about $3,700. On the night of May 2, a fire occurred in the morocco factory of Henry Beyer, rear of Spring street, doing damage to the amount of $3,400. The pond on the Common was tiiis year stocked with gold fish from Gold Fish pond. The address before the General Lander Post No. 5, of the Grand Army of the Republic, the City Government and others, was delivered in Music Hall, on the evening of ^Lly 31, by Gen. James Carnahan of Indiana. It was postponed from the preced- ing evening on accou/»t of a violent thunder storm. Memorial Day, May 30, was this year made a legal holiday by the legislature. Mr. Lugene F. Forman, editor and proprietor of the Lynn Daily Bee and Weekly Reporter, came to his death by a strange and terrible accident, at the Sagamore hotel, in Union street, ANNALS OF LYNN I 88 I. 89 where he boarded, at about one o'clock on the morninc^ of Sep- tember 3. He was at the open window of his room in the fourth story, and by some means lost his balance and fell a distance of about forty feet, to the street pavement, in his descent striking upon a 1 iron railing attached to the basement of the building. He sur.'ived, at times suffering great pain, till about six o'clock in the evening. He was a young man of more than ordinary promise in the journalistic profession, of good education, and seemed destined to make an enduring mark in the community. He was born in Nantucket, on the i6th of February, 1852, and was unmarried. The several printing offices in the city were closed, in respect to his memory, at the hour of his funeral. On the 6th of September, soon after sunrise, the atmosphere began to assume a yellowish hue — brassy, as the phrase em- ployed generally was when speaking of it — and by the middle of the forenoon, there was a very unnatural appearance. People began to wonder what was coming. At noon the obscuration was so great that artificial light was needed for most in-door employments. The blaze of a lamp was no less noticeable than the other phenomena, for it was strangely brilliant and remark- ably white. The greatest darkness was at about three in the afternoon. At that hour it was difficult to read common print by the daylight ; the faces of people were of a light saffron hue ; blues were changed to green ; the grass and foliage had a beau- tiful golden tinge ; and every thing wore a sort of weird aspect. Domestic animals and fowls seemed to notice that something unusual was going on, but manifested no alarm. The day was close and warm, and the smell of smoke very perceptible. The wind was southwesterly but very light. Towards night a gentle westerly breeze sprang up, and before sunset nature had assumed her wonted condition. Several theories were proposed to account for this " yellow Tuesday," as it came to be called ; but there seems to be little doubt that it was occasioned by smoke arising from fires in the woods, some of which were perhaps as far off as Canada. The writer very well remembers that when he was a small boy, probably in 181 7 or 18 18, he was surprised on going out one Sunday morning to see how yellow everything looked, and called the attention of the family to the appearance. But by " meeting time " the strange hue had nearly passed off. Like a good boy he was drawn by the sound of the bell to the venera- ble Old Tunnel, and clearly recollects hearing a knot of men at the door commenting on the "brassy" appearance of the morn- ing ; and one of them remarked that it looked just as it did on the morning of the great dark day of 1780. On the night of September 12, between eight and nine o'clock, there was a singularly beautiful appearance in the heavens. A band of dense mist skirted along the horizon, but above, the sky 90 ANN'ALS OF LVNN — I88I. was clear and the stars bri[;ht. Suddenly there appeared what may not inaptly be compared to two immense comets, one at the southeastern and the other at the northwestern horizon, sending up their broad and sharply defined tails, to meet at the zenith. The arch, if such it may be called, formed a striking spectacle, and was so transparent that stars were visible through it. It retaineil its most perfect proportions about twenty minutes, and then, sweeping off in a southerly direction, soon faded away. At the Signal Office, in Boston, it was judged to be the corona form of aurora borealis ; but some, jirofessedly wise in such matters, contended that it was a nebulous belt which had made a near api)r()ach to the earth. It was describeil as of a " redilish yellow " tinge as it ajipeured in some jilaces ; but as it was observed by the writer, it was of a beautifully clear white, and at the time thought to be without doubt the aurora. One scientific observer, who calleil it a " nebulous band," claimed, in a newspaper commu- nication, that it is recurrent, and is every season to be seen, always in the same direction, and always between the 25th of August and the 20th of Se|)tembcr. One of our Lynn papers referred to it as something hardly worthy of remark. Hut the circumstances under which the writer of that i)aragraph saw it must have been very unfavorable, or he could not have seen it during the short time of its greatest brilliancy. As seen from the i)iaz/.a of the stone dwelling at the junction of Walnut and Holyoke streets it was certainly a very striking and beautiful object. About midnight, September 19, the church bells were tolled, announcing the death of President Ciarfield. The etVect was very solemn. On Wednesday, September 21, "The Exploring Circle," a voluntary association of ladies and gentlemen of culture held a *' Camp i)ay," on a romantic elevation perhaps a mile northward from Dungeon Rock, ami as was calculated about the centre of L\ nn W(jods. They had {previously held similar meetings in the forest, and consecrated and given appropriate names to some of the other hills which still remain unknown to most of our people, but which would richly repay the visits of every lover of the wild and weird, the romantic and lovely in nature. The occasion under notice was the con.secration of " Mount Gilead," one of the most interesting sjjots within our borders, and from which the view, though chiefly of forest, is grand in the extreme. The services were highl\' pleasing, music, both vocal and instrumental, lending its charms to the picturesque ceremonials. There were also brief addresses, and the substantial addition of a pic-nic enter- tainment. The day was very pleasant, and several noted indi- viduals from abroad were present. The "Circle" entertains the laudable hope of initiating such measures as will prevent the ANNALS OF LYNN I 88 I. 9 1 entire destruction of our noble forests by the relentless woods- man's onward march, and perhaps ultimately secure a suitable tract for a public park. Memorial sevices on the decease of the President were held in the First Methodist church, in Park square, on the 26th of September. Some public and many private buildings were appropriately draped. The Hon. Enoch Redington Mudge died very suddenly, on Saturdav, October i, at his beautiful summer residence in Swamp- scott. He was at his place of business, in Boston, on Friday, and towards night called to inspect the concluding work on St. Stephen's Memorial Church. Up to the time of retirement he appeared to be in his usual health ; but on Saturday morning, before rising, was seized by a severe pain in the head. Medical attendance was promptly summoned and every effort made for his relief, but all without effect, and before noon he had breathed his last. The death of no one in this community has produced more wide-spread and unfeigned sorrow, for he was universally respected for his integrity as a business man, his great liberality in the furtherance of all good works, and for his christian princi- ples, and genial manners. By diligence, enterprise, and uncom- mon business capacity, he had accumulated a large fortune, which "he evidently regarded as entrusted to him for the benefit of his fellow-men. For many of the latter years of his life he was extensively concerned in cotton and woolen manufacturing though in earlier manhood his attention was directed to other employments. That he was a man of cultivated taste, and a true lover of the beautiful in nature and art, his delightful home at Swampscott, in its surroundings and interior appointments, abundantly testi- fied. And in St. Stephen's Memorial Church future generations will behold enduring evidence not only of his liberality, parental love, and christian faith, but also of his elevated conception of grace and adaptation. Mr. Mudge undoubtedly regarded the erection of St. Stephen's as the crowning work of his life. And that elegant structure will long remain his noblest visible monument. It is gratifying to think that he lived to see the work well-nigh completed, though we may lament that in the ways of a mysterious Providence he was not spared for a few additional days that he might witness the solemn ceremony of consecration ; a consummation he so devoutly contemplated. His sudden decease sent a thrill through the community such is rarely experienced. And the numerous meetings that were held in Boston and elsewhere by the business men and by public associations, and the eulogistic addresses and resolutions of sympathy, showed that one held in far more than 92 ANNALS OF LYNN — I 88 I. ordinary esteem had passed away. And it spoke well for the elevated tone of society that such appreciative tributes were so spontaneously offered to the memory of such a man. In person, Mr. Mudge was of full medium size, remarkably well formed, dignified in manners, and always attentive to those who addressed him, whether high or low. He was quick of ap- prehension, self-pjs.sesscd, decided in his views, and able at all times to give a reason for the faith that was in him. It wa'i impossible for one to have intercourse with him for an hour and not perceive that he was a man of superior mental emlowment. And those who had fellowship with him in church work were at once impressed with his fidelity to his clearly-definctl principles, his bright, cheerful anticipations, and his freedom from bigotry. For political honors he did not aspire, though at one time he served in the Slate Senate. Yet he took commenilable interest in public affairs, labored and expended liberally for the advance- ment of enterprises that he believed were for the public good. He manifested especial interest in the young business men — they who were soon to take the places of the generation of which he was a member — gave lectures to them, in Boston, and im- proved every opportunity to urge upon them the formation of habits of strict integrity, industry, and moral rectitude, as the ground on which alone permanent prosperity could rest. Though he made no pretensions as an orator, he was yet a very cftectivc sjK'aker, and one who always secured the close attention of his auditors. His style was earnest and indicative of his own deep convictions. His language was well chosen, his points cotici.sely presented, and his arguments effective from resting on a basis of sound common sense. The burial service over the remains of Mr. Mudge was held in St. Stephen's Church — then just on the verge of completion — on Tuesday, October 4. It was the first service ever held within those walls, was simple, and in strict accordance with the rubrics. The edifice was entirely filled, large numlxrs of distinguished persons from abroad, and many of the clergy being present. And the large attendance of our own citizens of all classes, afforded grateful assurance of the wide-sj)read s) mpathy for the bereaved familv. The remains were conveyed to the cloister garth, and there, with prayer, and sacred meloily. and words of heavenly promise, and amid the tears of loved kindred, committed to their final resting place. Mr. Mudge was born in Orrington, Me., on the twenty-.second of March, 181 3. and was a son of Rev. Knoch Mudge, a native of Lynn, of whom a brief biographical notice may be found in our 1865 edition of the History of Lynn. At an early age he was united in marriage with Miss Caroline A. Patten of Portlantl, Me., and they became the parents of seven children, the mother, «).N a k-at preceding the title-page of this volume is a goo\\\ the speculative mind is not content to take this rational view, and must experiment among doubtful projects. The ill-success of Mr. Armitage, however, may. in part at least, have been attributable to his fondness for lawsuits, than which hartlly anything can be more detrimental, directly and indirectly, to the interests of the average citizen. The law is an extremely hazardous resort ; and it may be safely said that if some among us who waste their substance in pursuing it, would only apply the means thus squandered to the payment of their honest debts, they would not pass their whole business lives on the verge of bankruptcy, nor be always forced to confront the claims of charity with the argument of an empty purse. The writer once knew two brothers in the very neighborhood where the humble dwelling of Mr. Armitage stood, who began life as i)rosper()US farmers, and soon, with what they inherited, possessed enough to call themselves moderately rich. Hut unfortunately, from some unaccountable cause, both became fascinated by the law and were seldom without a suit or two on hand. When they were well along in years, the writer asked one what made him waste so much time and money in such unprofitable business. " Why," said he " it is the best amusement I have. It is an exciting game of chance, and I like it. I sometimes gain and sometimes lose. My brother likes it, too ; and when we cannot get up a lawsuit with any one else we can with each other." Both of these sturdy yeomen are now dead ; and they died poor ; they had the music and paid the piper. It is safe to conclude that Biographical Sketches. Armitage. 103 there is something wrong about the man who is always engaged in lawsuits. As the first landlord of the Anchor Tavern, Mr. Armitage is best known, he having opened that famous house of entertain- ment when it must have been a seriously doubtful enterprise, considering the limited number of travellers. But it was not a Fifth Avenue establishment, though great men were sometimes entertained there. He was licensed to " draw wine," and perhaps hoped to derive most profit from that questionable source, though his hopes could hardly have been realized, if he was often so indiscreet as to render himself liable to be fined for negle6t of duty, as he appears to have been on one occasion in 1651, which occasion is indicated by the following entry on the Court records : " In ans"" to the petition of Joseph Armitage ffor an abatement of a fine of five pounds, imposed on him for not acquainting the counstable of a psons being drunke in his com- pany, as the law requires, the Court sees no cawse to abate the petitioner any part of that fine." The houses of entertainment, of those days, though useful and even necessary for the accommodation of travellers, were not probably to be much prized for their neighborhood influences, as they were often the resort of the lazy and gossiping townsmen who there passed hours of idleness over their tankards of flip, in the haze of tobacco smoke. Yet, when the presiding spirit himself happened to be of high character and able to gather around him kindred spirits they no doubt became meeting places for the discussion of matters of the greatest importance. It is evident that Mr. Armitage was a stirring if not a meddle- ■some man, and did not confine his attentions to any particular class or calling. And upon the Court records here and there appear indications that he was one of the many who find it diffi- cult to see how the public good can be reached excepting by the road that leads to their own personal advantage. The Armitages — for Joseph was not the only one of the name who appeared in Lynn during the early days — seem to have belonged to a family of some note in the old country. Here, however, though not what would be called a shiftless, they were yet a shifting race. Godfrey, mentioned in our Annals, under date 1630, removed to Boston ; and Thomas, whose name does not 104 Biographical Sketches. Annitage. appear in the Annals, but who, according to Savaj^e, was for a time commorant here, and who came from Bristol, in the ship James, in 1635, a fellow passenger with Richard Mather, was one of the Sandwich settlers, in 1637 ; from there he went to Stamford, then to Oyster Bay, on Long Island ; and in 1647 he appeared among the Hempstead settlers. Returning for a moment more to Joseph and his destrucftive lawsuits, we will transcribe the testimony of one of the witnesses in an acftion brought against him by John Ruck, administrator, at the June term of the Esse.x County Court, in 1671 : "The testimony of Christopher Lawson, of Boston, aged 55 years or Thereabouts : This Deponent sailh, that haucing beenc acquainted these five or six and twenty years with the dealings betweene M' Thomas Ruck of Boston, deceased, & Joseph Hermitage of Lyn, & haucing bcene seuerall times at the transading of them, as appears by my hand to diuers papers subscribed, I doc very wdl remember that the said Thomas Ruck hath giuen him credit from lime to time & y* said Hermitage promised to pay him thirty pounds in money in London, of this debt, and the remain- der of the same in New Kngland, to his content. But in the year 1669 coming to Boston, M" Eliz. Ruck, then widdow, made a sad complaint to me, & said she could gett nothing of y' said Hermitage, whereupon I spoke with Joseph Hermitage & agi- tated the business with him, in the widdows behalfe ; his answer was that he would not wrong y* widow nor fatherless, but would do that was right in the sight of Gotl & man ; he would not wrong her of a penny, with many solem p'testations. In fine, the said Josej)h Armitage & M" Ruck bound themselucs in a bond to stand to y' arbitration of Capt. Roger Spenser & Chris- topher Lawson. We heard both their pleas & allegations & found Joseph Armitage debtor to M^* Rucke, upon all Accounts to y* value of aboutc Eighty pounds sterling, which we thought was more than he was able to pay ; we found likewise a bill of exchange to England for Thirty pounds protested, & nothing paid of his debt in New England, save something in Wharfe wood as he calls it. Whereupon we called them both in & desired M" Rucke to take twenty pounds giueing him some tyme to pay it & forgiue him the rest, which 20/ he should pay at Boston in money, or goods at money price within such a tyme. Biographical Sketches. Armitage. 105 as appears by the Arbitration in writeing, and yet none of this was performed that euer I heard off. This is the true state of y^ case, as I hau beene acquainted with it from first to last, to my best knowledge. Taken upon oath: 29 — 4""° 71 [June 29, 167 1.] W™ Hathorne, attest:" This, however, appears to be simply the old, old case — "I owe but cannot pay " — and perhaps involves no element to the especial discredit of Mr. Armitage. We here copy an ancient document which will in these pages be a number of times referred to as " The Armitage Petition " — a petition of the wife of Joseph for permission herself to keep the ordinary, he having receded into the back-ground. It is inserted not so much for anything of special interest it contains as for the autographs of a number of the early settlers which are appended, fac-similes of which are given — among them that of Godfrey, brother of Joseph. The petition itself, we have little doubt, is in the hand-writing of Captain Robert Bridges. To THE Right worll the Gouernor, Deputie Gouerno^ & THEIR honored assotiats : The Jiiunble pcticou of Jane, wife of Joseph Armitage: Humbly sheweth that whereas the indigent and low estate of your poore peticonesse is evident not to a few, in as much as her husbands labours & indeaucs haue beene blasted and his ames & ends frustrated by a iust hand, beinge also made incapa- ble of such other ymploym' as hee is personally fitted for by reason of the sensure vnder w'^'' for the p'sent hee lyeth & alsoe being outed of such trade & comerce as might haue afforded supportacon to his familie consistinge of Diuers p''sons & small Children in comiseracon of whom, togither with yo"" peticonesse, the inhabitants of o"^ town were pleased (as farr as in them lay) to continue yo"" poore peticonesse in the Custodie of the said Ordinary & that benefitt w*-'' might accrew from the same to take towards makeinge of theire Hues the more comfortable ; wherevpon & by reason whereof yo' peticonesse said husband procured the most convenient howse in Lynn for the purpose albeit itt was very ruinous & much cost bestowed respetlinge his p^'sent condicon in repaireinge & fittinge vp of the same accordingly : And also whereas some of his Credito's haue of their clemencie and gentle goodnes furnished him w"' Comodi- ties apt for the mainteyning of an ordinary to the intent some benefitt might redound towards the maintenance & liuelyhood of his familie & reedifieinge of his ruined estate in case the same may bee obteined : and that thereby wee may bee enabled to io6 Biographical Sketches. Armitage. pay our debts, in regard of which the name of god now suffers. May itt therefore please this Honored Assembly to take the p'misses into tender consideracon & w'*' bowells of comiseracon to way the lowe estate of yo' Voted & said Peticonesse & her familie and to reconfirme the Octcji" "6th Custodie of the said Ordinarie to yo' peticonesse [1643] duringe the winter season & further as shall seeme good in yo' sight vpon the well demeano' of yo' Peti- conesse in the said place, &c. The foregoing is what will be referred to as " The Armitage Biographical Sketches. Armitao^e. 107 Robert : Bridges, Richard walker, Willm Cowdry, Nathaniell Handforth, John Wood, Thomas Laughton, Boniface Burton, Nicholas Browne, Edward Baker, R(jbert Massey, John Gillowe, John Ramsdalle, Tim Tomlins, William Longley, Thomas Godson, Henery Rodes, Thomas Tovvnsend, Robert Driver, Zachrie fitch, Petition." Some of tiie autographs being rather obscure, we give the names in letter-press, as follows — arranged very much as they stand on the original petition — coupled with the remark that most of the individuals will be found noticed in alphabetical order in these pages of sketches. Sa : Whiting. Tho : Cobbett. Edw : Holyoke, Edward Tomlins, Thomas marshall, Georg keser, John Dolitle, frauncis Ligtfoote, William king, Robert persons, Richard Johnson, Thomas parker, Phillip Kirtland, James Axey, Godphrey Armitage, Henery Eeames. The names of Robert Persons, Richard Johnson, Thomas Parker, Philip Kirtland and James Axey look very much as if written by the same hand. If they were, it could not have been because the individuals did not know how to write but be- cause it was more convenient to have some one else attach their names. On the Colony Records, under date Sept, 7, 1643, is the entry, " Goody Armitage is alowed to keepe the ordinary, but not to draw wine." Upon the margin of the petition is seen the memorandum, "Voted & granted Octob. 26th, [1643.]" This is by a different hand, and was probably made at a subse- quent session. The 1643 being in brackets denotes that it may have been a considerably later insertion. The " clemencie and gentle goodnes ," of some of Mr. Armitage's creditors, cer- tainly indicate that he had friends, though under censure for something not stated. It has been remarked that Mr. Armitage, after his long and laborious career, passed his latter years in poverty. This is apparent by his curious petition, presented in 1669, for the pay- ment of some trifling scores which certain colonial dignitaries ran up at his tavern about twenty-five years before ; a specification io8 Biographical Sketches. Atttvill. Axcy. of some of which charges may be found in our Annals, under date 1643. On his decease his estate was appraised at £6 2s. Gd. Other incidents in the career of this typical individual may be found in the Annals of early dates. Attwill, Theodore. Mr. Attwill died of Bright's disease, December 9. 1880, in the 55th year of his age. He was a native of Lynn, and for many years enjoyed a reputation for intelligence and probity attained by few. The surname was not unknown here before the beginning of century 1700, though there were none of the kin among the first settlers. And there does not seem to have been at any time a large number of the lineage among us. The business of the subject of this sketch apper- tained to the shoe-manufacture, and in it he was successful ; but beyond that he had a decided literary taste, and was a constant reader of the better class of books, and quite proficient in mathe- matics and the languages. With Latin, Greek, French, Spanish, and German, he was more or less familiar. His literary acquire- ments were appreciated, and for fifteen years he was called to serve as a member of the School Committee, and for a like term as a trustee of the Free Public Library. He was a member of the Coaimon Council four years, during two of which he was president ; and at the same time he filled various responsible oflfices of a more private nature. In person Mr. Attwill was of medium size and apparently ix)sscssed of a firm and healthy constitution. His countenance was usually of rather a .serious cast ; but he had a vein of genuine humor which would not unfrequently assert itself to the enjoyment of appreciative friends. He built the fine residence on Fsse.x street, at the junction of High Rock avenue, and there he died, leaving a widow, one son, and three daughters. AxEV, Jami.s — was one of the first settlers, having appeared here as early as 1630. He was a man of considerable importance and possessed a fair estate for those times. He was a Repre- sentative in 1654 ; and in 1657, was one of the committee appointed to lay out Nahant in planting lots. Axcy's Point the site of the present gas-works, perpetuates his name. We are inclined to think that he had some share in domestic Biographical Sketches. Axey. 109 trials, to which so many are exposed through the infirmities of our common nature ; yet there is no conclusive evidence that he did not, on the whole, live as peacefully with Frances his spouse as is the ordinary experience, though she does appear to have had a wakeful eye for the main chance. Her vigilance, alert to the last, is shown by certain depositions still on file in Salem, concerning his attempts to make a will. When draw- ing near his- end, he proposed executing such an instrument ; but her opposition prevailed, and he refrained. On his decease she was appointed administratrix of his estate, but did not long survive to enjoy any gain she possibly may have made by her successful interference. He died June 7, 1669, and she a few months after. An extra6l or two from the quaint depositions filed in the case will be sufficient to show that human nature has changed but little since that time. Andrew Mansfield, aged about forty-nine years, " Testifyeth y' In y^ tyme of the sickness of James Axey : I being severall tymes with him, one off which tymes was, to my best memory, about three weeks before hee dyed, hee signifyde his desyrd to make his will, his wife being present ; & hee began to Declare his intent toward John Pearson, declareing hee would leve him to have the greater Lott, and then his wife spoke as houlding out to my understanding y' she would have him to make noe will, saying can not you confide in me y' I will perform what yeo mind is, but you will give awaye all. He answered I intend to give nothing from you whilst you Live except some suche legasye or Legasyees ; shee then replied hee mighf if he would make his will, but [he] sayd I will not, you cannot consent to it ; and I replyed it was an Apoynted of God to sett his house in order, and instanced that of Hezekiah : sett thy house in order for thou must dye, and did declare to him y' I hoped God would guide him in soe doeing ; but she replying, hee alsoe replyed, saying I can dispose of none of my estate, &c. ; and being troubled, wee then got him to bed. ..." Joseph Rednap and Samuel Johnson testified that " they Being att y^ house of James Axey ten days before he dyed, the wife of James Axey asked him, before us, what he ment by those words which he spake the last night ; which was you said I bequeath my spirritt to God and estate to John Pearson, and took him by the hand no BroGRArmcAL Sketches. Bachelor. Baker. and said, Love, is not your mind as it was formerly agreed between you and I : and he said yes ; and he sed by my estate to John Pearson I mcane he should looke after it for you." Sam- uel Tarbo.x testified that " beinge in the house of James A.\cy about two nights before hee dyed and Nathaniell Kirkland and John Pearson was there the same time, and Nathaniel Kirkland s'' to John Pearson, I marvell yoo do not Ask your maister how hee hath disposed of his goods. And James 7\.\cy hearing their discourse said, brother Kirkland I will satisfy you concerning it ; I had thoughts to have made a will and to have disposed of some things att my death, but my wife was not willinge, for I would not cross her, but leave it to her." Mr. Kirkland added that he did not remember the words "leave it to her." In an- other deposition of Andrew Mansfield, which was given some- time after the death of both Mr. and Mrs. Axey, he says : '* being with James Axey in the time of his last sickness, which was, to the best of my memory, aboute three weekes before his death, his wife and Joseph Fiske being present, his wife oposing the s"* James A.xey, her husband, in order to the making of his will, according as in my first testimony which is in Court, the said James Axey before his wife and Joseph Fiske solemlye Left it with mee that if any should aske why hee did not make his will I should tell y"" hee would have done it but his wife would not Let him, and I was then to have written it." See Annals, 1630 and other early dates. Mr. Axey's signature may be seen appended to the Armitage Petition. Bachelor, Rev. Stephen — first minister of the first church in Lynn ; an active and prominent divine, but possessing such eccentricities of character that his early removal became expedi- ent. He was born in 1561, and lived to reach his hundredth year. See Annals, 1632, 1636, and other early dales. Baker, Christine — a maid and matron of various fortunes; an Indian captive; a ward of the French Catholics, in Canada; a returned wanderer. See Annals, 1630. Baker, Daniel C. — third Mayor of Lynn. See biographical sketch, page 566 History of Lynn, 1865 edition. Also notice Biographical Sketches. Baker. Barker. Bassett. 1 1 1 with portrait, page 151 Centennial Memorial. He died in New Orleans, La., July 19, 1863, aged 46. A fac-simile of his signa- ture follows. (:^GAyi^ Baker, Edward — ancestor of the numerous family of the name hereabout. His autograph appears on the Armitage Peti- tion. See Annals, 1630. Barker, Dr. Charles O. — a reputable physician. He died January 8, 1843, aged 41. His wife was a daughter of Rem- brandt Peale, the celebrated painter. He left no children. See Annals 1843. His residence was on Western avenue, near Mall street. An amusing anecdote about his introduction to Dr. Hazeltine may be found in our notice of the latter. Bassett, William. Mr. Bassett died very suddenly on the night of June 21, 1 87 1 , aged 6% years. He was a native of Lynn, and well-known from having been much in public life. And for his many virtues and kindly sympathies he was as widely re- spected as known. At the time of his death he was cashier of the First National Bank, and had filled that office for eighteen years. He was quite adive and efficient in the labor of putting the new municipal machinery into successful operation when the City Charter was adopted, and for the first three years was City Clerk. He was a zealous and intelligent laborer in the cause of education and the moral and social reforms of the day, and in early manhood sought by aftual experience and observation to determine the value of various "community" systems then ex- isting ; for he was well convinced that the condition of our social life might be greatly improved by some radical changes in the domestic economy. Yet he did not appear to have had his hopes verified, and returned to the home of his youth to remain till the close of his life. Although bred in the orthodox Quaker faith he became a Unitarian, and for a long period was a faithful and useful member of the society here. Indeed he was faithful 112 Biographical Sketches. Batchcldcr. Bennett. and useful in every position he filled. He was patient in inves- tigations, accurate in conclusions, and affable in manners ; a good penman and careful recording officer. On the day of his burial some of the principal business houses were closed in token of resped ; and though the weather was very inclement, a large concourse attended. Some prominent persons from abroad were present; among them Wendell Phillips the orator and William Lloyd Garrison the anti-slavery reformer. His remains were interred in Pine Grove Cemetery, in the original laying out of which he took an active part. In our Annals, under date 1640 may be found a genealogical sketch of the family A fac-simile of his signature is here given. ^"V^/^c^ Batchelder, Jacob — first principal of Lynn High School, and for some years librarian of the Free Public Library. He died December 17, 1876, aged 70 years, See Annals, 1876. Bennett, Sa.muel. The name of this early settler is perpetu- ated by the e,xtensive swamp near our northern border. He was a considerable real estate owner, many of his acres lying in the vicinity of the ancient iron works, near which he resided. He was one of the early members of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery, in good circumstances, public spirited, and withal possessed of considerable independence of chara(fler — a little wilful, perhaps. In 1644 he was presented by the grand jury as a " common sleeper in time of exercise," and fined two shillings and si.xpence. And for one or two other offences of equal enor- mity he suffered punishment. He seems to have been once fined for a breach of the law forbidding the sale of commodities at too great a profit ; and on petitioning for a remittal of the fine received this rebuff from the Court. It is found on the Colony Records under date May 15, 1657. " In answer to the petition of Samuell Bennett, humbly craving the remittment or abatement of a fine imposed on him by the County Court, for selling goods at excessive prizes, the Court hauing pcrvscd, and by iheire comittce examined, the papers in the case presented, together Biographical Sketches. Bennett. 113 w"' the allegations & pleas of the peticoner & others, by him produced, vnderstanding, by what appeared, the peticoner re- ceived of George Wallis about forty pounds or vpwards meerely for the release of the bargaine made betwixt them, . . . see it not meete to graunt the petition in whole or in part." Mr. Wal- lis had also been fined " fivety pounds " for " selling goods at excessive prizes," and petitioned for a remittal ; and the same Court judged it "meete to remitt the fine all to tenn pounds ;" which remittal was made in consideration of his being neces- sitated " to be at the losse of about forty pounds or more to attayne a release of the bargain betwixt him & Samuell Bennett." It seems to have been what is vulgarly called a " game of sharps," between Mr. Bennett and Mr. Wallis ; but the Court, while endeavoring to render an equitable judgment, were not disposed to see invaded the wholesome law forbidding the selling of goods< at exhorbitant prices. There is a deposition of the noted Samuel Maverick of Nod- dle's Island, as East Boston was called till within a comparatively late period, touching a certain agreement of Mr. Bennett relative to the marriage of his son, which has been quoted for one or twO' purposes. It is as follows : " Samuel Maueric, aged 63 yeares or thereabouts, deposeth that sometime last yeare, having some speech w'^' Samuell Bennet, sen'' of Lynn, as to a match intended betweene his son Sami Bennett, Jun'' & a dau. of Capt. W™ Har- grave of Horsey doune, Mariner, The s'^ Bennett, sen"" did prom- ise that if his sonne should marry w"' s"^ Hargraues dau. he would make over to him the house he now Hues in with barns, stables, lands, &c. belonging to s^ farme & ;£8o of stock ; w* this proui- soe that s'^ Bennet, Jun"" should yearly pay his father during his life ;^20 if he needed it or demanded it ; and to the best of my remembrance he wrote so much to Capt. Hargraue. He also tyed his sonne not to alienate the premises w'^'out his consent dureing his life. Thus much he testifieth, and further saith not. Boston, Dec"" f^ 1665. Taken upon oath the 8"' Dec. 1665. Samuell Maverike. Before Thomas Clarke, Commiss." Various facts of interest concerning Mr. Bennett may be found recorded in Annals, running on from date 1630. Few of the settlers within our borders were better adapted to keep things in lively trim than Mr. Bennett. r. 114 Biographical Skktches, Blanchard. Blanchard, Amos. Master Blanchard, as he was always called, was for some ten years teacher of the western district school, and the house in which he taught was a small square one stor)' wooden building, with hipped roof and unoccupied belfry, standing near the latitudinal centre of the west end of the Common, within a stone's throw of the eastern end of Hcaley's Arcade. The pay of common school teachers, in those days, was meagre, not often, in country places, exceeding a dollar a day ; and Master Blanchard, having a wife and twelve children to jjrovide for, at times found it extremely hard rubbing. But in addition to his day school he received from minor auxiliary employments a little help. He taught a private evening school at different seasons ; from his skill in penmanship, for he wrote a beautiful hand, he derived something ; from the exercise of his musical talents he received a pittance ; and his " grateful coun- try," in return for his services as a fifer in the revolutionary army granted him a small pension. Nevertheless, he lived and died a poor man — poor in purse only, however ; for he was rich in the resjie(5t of his fellow townsmen. The pay for " literary services," to use a favorite expression of his, was at that time small, as just remarked, and having before us at this moment a re- ceipted bill of his that shows something of his prices, there seems no objection to inserting it just as it stands : " 1821. M' Benja Newhall, To A. Blanchard, D' To the Instruction of your son, 6 weeks, i 20 To the Instruction of your Daughter, . 30 I 50 Sep' Rec** payment, Amos Blanchard." The barbarous old laws allowing indiscriminate imprisonment for debt were then in force, and it is not remarkable that a man circumstanced as Master Blanchard was should once in a while find it necessar)' to procure a substitute to take his place in the school, for thirty or sixty days. But he bore his misfortunes with comi)lacency and never yielded to the misanthropic mood. In music he always found a solace, and upon its wings his spirits could rise in the darkest hour. He was one of the most accom- plished musicians ever resident hereabout, and composed several pieces which took rank among the approved compositions of the Biographical Sketches. Blancliard. 115 day. He led the singing at the Old Tunnel, from 181 1 to 1824, and played the bass-viol with an un6lion that was inspiring. With the dodrines taught in that venerable san6luary he was in full accord and did all in his power to advance both the tem- poral and spiritual interests of the society. In some of her darkest hours his hopeful voice was raised. For a few years before the date of the above receipt, 1821, the writer attended his day school, and with a recolle6lion of the routine of study comes a feeling remembrance of the discipline. The rod was not spared, in those days, though Master Blanchard was not given to its severe use. But yet, when in the morning he announced that any boy who misbehaved during the day would be " made an example of," we all felt that there would be squalls before night, and our forebodings seldom failed of being realised. Reading, spelling, defining, writing, ciphering and a little grammar were taught ; and there were other important things impressed upon us which seem to be too much neglected in the schools of the present day ; namely, good manners, and corre6t deportment, as well out of school as in, as well in the street as in the parlor ; and especially was respe6t for superi- ors in age inculcated. Master Blanchard at one time lived in the old Merry house, which stood on the north side of Boston street, nearly opposite the foot of Mall. And in fancy the writer can at this moment see him, of a balmy summer morning, wending his way towards the scene of his scholastic labors, his whole air expressive of the combined dignity of classic and musical erudition, his long, light calico gown swaying in the breeze as proudly as if it were a Roman toga investing some grave senator. As before remarked, Master Blanchard was the father of twelve children, ten of whom came with him when he removed hither from Exeter, N. H., in 181 1. The other two were born here. His daughter Levina became the wife of John Lovejoy, for many years a successful morocco manufa6turer and resident of Market street, whose descendants remain. Such men as Master Blanchard leave an enduring impress upon a community. The influence of the good principles he enforced — for besides the routine of study, he usually devoted an hour or two every week to leduring us on morals, manners, or ii6 Biographical Sketches. Bo-w/t-r. Boycc Breed. some didaflic subje(5l, closing with a fervent prayer — has not ceased to this day, either in this community or in many other fields to which his restless flocks became scattered. Yet, his was not what would be called a pronounced charador, but one of those we are apt to speak of as "non-committal." In discussion he did not like to offend, and hence did not, on many occasions, press his views with a vigor commensurate with their value. In manners he was genial, in habits social, in morals strict. He was intelligent, and ready and interesting in conver- sation but not much given to humorous diversions. He died on the 25th of May, 1842, at the age of 78 years. Bowler, Thomas. Mr. Bowler was born in Lynn, on the 3d of January, 1786, and died July 22, 1867. He led an unostenta- tious life, and no one stood higher as a consistent Christian than he. Adhering to the earlier Methodist views and usages, he often saw cause to lament over the worldly tendencies of many of the faith, especially the young, particularly in matters of dress, amusements and display. In 1831, when the anti-masonic party, of which he early became an adherent, gained the ascendancy in Lynn, he was elecfted Town Clerk, and held the office sixteen years. His records were kept in a careful and neat manner, and those of us who remember him in his official capacity can bear testimony to his accuracy, uniform courtesy, patience, and dispo- sition to oblige. His manners were gentle, his voice low, and his asjKcl subdued ; but his spirit was far from cringing. He was married in 1807, and became the father of eleven children, none of whom, with one or two exceptions, lived beyond middle life. BovcE, William S. — president of the First National Bank — died August 27, 1873, aged Gy See Annals, 1873. Breed, Allen — ancestor of our fifth and ninth Mayors. "Breed's End" took its name from him. The surname was in old times spelled Bretfd. See Annals, 1630 and other early dates. A fac-simile of his signature is appended. /U^ (j^-^.'zT Biographical Sketches. Breed. 117 Breed, Andrews — was the fifth Mayor of Lynn, He died in Lancaster, Mass., April 21, 1 881, at the age of 86 years ; and as a notice of him, with a portrait, may be found in our Centen- nial Memorial, little need be said here. But of one or two of his ancestors, not elsewhere under notice, a word may properly be said. His father, who bore the same christian name was keeper of Lynn Hotel, at the west end of the Common, for a number of years onward from 1813 ; and under his supervision the house attained an enviable reputation, especially for the excellence of its table and the promptness with which the largest demands of guests could be met. He was a very stirring man, and recog- nised by every one in the streets, as he sallied forth on his brawny roadster, in his yellow top boots and coat of sporting cut. In addition to his large business at the Hotel he did a good deal of farming, and many of us can well remember the jolly husking parties which in autumn assembled at his bidding to divest the yellow ears of their rustling robes, and at evening receive their reward at the banquet of baked beans and Indian pudding, with relays of apples and cider. He was not a man who could pass noiselessly through the world, or who could yield much to what he deemed the unreasonable demands of those about him ; in short, he was of what is called an arbitrary dispo- sition, rather boisterous in language, and stri6t in his require- ments of those in service under him. No lazy man's excuses weighed with him. Among his enterprises was the laying out of Centre street. He was a descendant of Allen Breed, the early settler who was father of the Breed family of Lynn. Then there was the long celebrated " Madam Breed," grand- mother of Mayor Andrews. She kept a school for very young pupils, on Water Hill, at the moderate charge for each of nine- pence a week — a ninepence being the Spanish real, of the value of twelve and a half cents. There was at that time very little silver of American coinage in circulation. Spanish pistareens, reals and half-reals constituted almost the whole change we had. Madam Breed was of such queenly dignity that it was said she would not allow even her own children to be seated in her pres- ence without permission. Where she would have ranked had the " Woman's Rights " question been agitated in her day it is ii8 Biographical Sketches. Breed. not easy to determine. But she was a good woman, though her education was hardly sufficient to answer the demands for a modern high school position ; yet her pra6lical view of the duties of life and conception of the dignity of the female charadler emi- nently fitted her for the guidance of susceptible girlhood. Over her little subjects in the school room she had good control, and inspired in them a wholesome fear of the tingling little rod that lay menacingly on her table. But it seems as if her usefulness woukl have been greater in a higher sphere and among more mature minds. She loved children : and the writer has special cause for grateful remembrance of her ; for upon a certain Sun- day morning, while posted on his accustomed seat in the Old Tunnel Meeting-house, he was startled by a sudden punch in the back, and on turning about beheld, thrust through the little creaking balustrade that adorned the pew, the hand of the venera- ble dame, displaying to his astonished gaze sundry yellow and reil sugar-plums. His wonder at the condescension was so stu- pefying that he did not venture to seize the prize till a gracious nod assured that it was intended for him. And it is well remem- bered that more satisfaction was felt at the honor of the bestowal and on being referred to by his juvenile companions as "the fellow " to whom Madam gave the sugar-plums, than in the legitimate use of the gift. ' As elsewhere remarked, the Breed family is one of the largest and most rcspe(5table among us, as it is one of the most ancient. Mayor Andrews Breed was a man of medium size, erect, well- projiortioned, and active in his movements even after he had reached the age of eighty years. A fac-simile of his autograph is here given. Breed, Dr. Bowman B. Doctor Breed died on the i6th of December, 1 873, of Bright's disease of the kidneys. He was born in Lynn, February- 29, 1832, and was a son of Hon. Isaiah Breed. After pursuing his elementary studies in Phillips Academy, Andover, he entered Amherst college, in 1853, and continued to maintain a creditable rank in scholarship till he graduated. He Biographical Sketches. Breed. 119 then chose the profession of medicine, and after a course of study here, visited Europe for study and travel. On his return he commenced pradtice in Lynn, continuing till the war of the Rebellion broke out, at which time he joined the Eighth Massa- chusetts Regiment, as surgeon. Subsequently he was put in charge of government hospitals ^and sanitary establishments in several places, and throughout his term of service acquitted him- self with fidelity and success. After the close of the war he was appointed Surgeon of the Military Asylum at Augusta, Me., and there continued till the destruction of the place by fire. After that he resumed praftice in Lynn ; but though skillful and de- voted his health was such that he could not apply himself with the constancy necessary for the building up of an extensive business. He finally relinquish.ed his profession, and for a year and a half was co-editor and proprietor of the Reporter newspaper. He was a member of the City Council for several years, and a Representative in the General Court. As a member of the School Committee, likewise, he was attentive and efficient. In short, he took commendable interest and discreet a6tion in all that seemed most conducive to the highest good of his native place. Being a member of several organizations, benevolent, professional, and military, his funeral was attended by large numbers who had become attached by brotherly and social ties. By the City Council his decease was noticed in a manner that showed his loss to be regarded as a public calamity. Dr. Breed married Hannah Pope, October 20, 1859, and by her had six children. Breed, Ebenezer. A biographical sketch of this individual, popularly known as "Uncle Eben," whose marvelous good fortune at one period and distressingly adverse circumstances at another, have furnished many an impressive lesson, is given in the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn. He died in the almshouse, in 1 839. The following is a fac-simile of his signature, at the age of 31. I20 Biographical Sketches. Breed. Bridges. Breed, Hiram N. — the ninth Mayor of Lynn — is another creditable representative of the extensive family who trace their pedigree to the early settler, Allen Breed. A notice of him, with a portrait, may be found in the Centennial Memorial. , He was born on the 2d of September, 1809, and is still, 1881, in active life. A fac-simile of his signature follows. Bkf.ki), Isaiah — was for many years an active business man, in the shoe-manufaduring line, and likewise took much interest in public atVairs. He was one of the principal founders of the Central Congregational Society, and one of its chief supporters for a number of years. A brief biographical sketch of him may be found in the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, page 541. He was born in 1786 and died in 1859. Bridges, Robert. Mr. Bridges — or Captain Bridges, as he was usually called — because of his having been, as one may say, the father of the first iron works in America, if for no t)ther reason, should be held in remembrance. It was in 1642 that he took s|)ccimens of the bog ore found in Lynn, to London, and suc- ceeded in forming a company which soon after commenced oj)erations here, erecting a bloomary and forge, the site of which is still shown by the "cinder banks," or heaps of scoria on the margin of Saugus river, in the vicinity of Pranker's mill. And although to its projectors the enterprise did not prove pecuniarily successful, it cannot be doubted that the result was of great and lasting benefit to the country at large, for it drew hither some of the most skillful workers in iron that England had produced, several of whom, even before the attempt had been abandoned, removed to other settlements and established works which under better management were highly successful, and added immensely to the general prosjxirity of the country. And it is a noteworthy fa(5l that descendants of some of the operatives at these Lynn works, are at this day found among the leaders of the great iron trade of America. The iron turned out from the Lynn works was considered of very good quality, and it had a ready sale ; Biographical Sketches. Bridges. 121 but the company was almost ceaselessly engaged in law-suits ; which was enough to ruin any incipient enterprise. The residence of Captain Bridges was in the vicinity of the works ; and Edward Johnson, in his " Wonder Working Provi- dence," says " He was endued with able parts, and forward to improve them to the glory of God and his people." And there is abundant evidence, from other sources, that his principles were of rigid puritanical stamp. He was an acting magistrate, and in that capacity did not always allow the kindlier sympathies to prevail when those brought before him dared to enunciate sentiments adverse to the prevailing faith or to question the authority of those appointed to guard against innovations. It was he who, in 165 1, granted the warrants for the arrest of Clarke, Crandall and Holmes, the Baptist missionaries from Rhode Island, concerning whose advent here, an account may be found in our Annals, under the date just named. And in the Essex County files may be found the following record of his official action in the case of Thomas Wheeler, who appears to have been a man of chara6ler and some estate, and of whom a brief notice may be found in its alphabetical order in these pages : " 4th mo. 1654. Thomas Wheeler, bound over to the Court by the wor- shipful Captain Bridges for sinful and offensive speeches made by him in comparing the Rev. Mr. Cobbet to Corah. It being proved by three witnesses, sentence of Court is, that he shall make public acknowledgment upon the Lord's day, sometime within a month after the date hereof, according to this form following, and pay the three witnesses ^\2 2s. 6d. and fees of Court : [I, Thomas Wheeler, having spoken at a town meeting in February last, evil, sinful, and offensive speeches against the Reverend Teacher, Mr. Cobbet, in comparing him unto Corah, for which I am very sorry, do acknowledge this my evil, to the glory and praise of God and to my own shame ; and hope, for time to come, shall be more careful.] The constable of Lynn is to see it performed." Mr. Cobbet, it need not be added, was the colleague of Rev. Mr. Whiting in the ministry of the First Church ; and the offensive words were probably spoken by Mr. Wheeler, in a heated town meeting debate, the ministers at that time being paid by the town, and the pastorate being regarded, in several particulars, as a town office. 122 Biographical Sketches. Bridges. It was in 1649 that the energetic protest against the wearing of long hair, " after the manner of ruffians and barbarous Indians," was promulgated, signed by the Governor and Assistants, of whom Captain Bridges was one. But the antipathy to the wear- ing of long hair, existing in those days, had a deeper significance than at first appears — a political tinge, indeed. In Cromwellian times, say for twenty years onward from 1640, the I-inglish roy- alists, cavaliers and high churchmen, delighted in " bravery of dress," and in long curling locks, while the puritans and par- liamentarians were distinguished by their round hats and by their hair " cut round according to a cup." This perhaps suffi- ciently hints at a reason for the singular protest. But the antipathy began to manifest itself even before the time named. By the Salem records, " 21''' of the G^ month, 1637," it apjjears that John Gatshell of Marblehead was fined ten shillings, to be paid in two months, for building on the town's land without leave ; but the proviso was added, that " in case he shall cut off his long hair of his head into a civil frame, in the mean time," five shillings of the fine should be abated. It is said, however, that he refused to be shorn of his darling locks. That Captain Bridges was a man of high character and very considerable attainment cannot be doubted. As a military officer he was in good repute ; as a diplomatist he was entrusted with im|x)rtant negotiations ; as a legislator he was for many years adtivc in the public service, for ten years filling the responsible office of Assistant. In 1644 and '45 he was a Representative, and in 1646, Speaker of the House. His curious deposition in the case of Taylor against King, so well exhibits the simplicity and some of the peculiar customs of the times, that it seems well to introduce it here, with the prefa- tory remark that the action was one brought to recover damages for the goring to tleath of the plaintifl's marc by the defendant's bull ; and Captain Bridges was a witness as to the vicious char- acter of the bull. He says : " . . . myself being on horse- back with my wyfe behinde me, y' s** Bull stood in the high way as I was riding a Longe. When I came up to the Bull, nut knowing whos beast it was, neither thinking of any opposition, I struck at the bull, w'h my stick, to put him out of the way ; ymcdiately y* bull made alt my mare, and placed his home vpon Biographical Sketches. Bridges. 123 her shoulder, and had well nigh overthrone both the mare and her riders ; and although I endeavored to shunne y"" bull, yet he still so prest vpon mee y* I cannot but conceave had not the neareman bin att hand to beat him off that some hurt had bin done, either to o''selves or my mare, or both ; but gods good hand better provided." Captain Bridges was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery, having joined in 1641. And in the codicil to the will of Robert Keayne, the eminent Boston merchant and first com- mander of that now historic corps, dated Dec. 28, 1653, this item appears : " I have forgott one Loveing Couple more that came not to my mind till I was shutting vp ; that is. Cap' Bridges and wife, to whom I give forty shillings." The foregoing is sufficient for a glimpse at various points in the chara6ler and career of one of the devoted men who so faith- fully labored in laying the foundations of the social fabric which has become our inheritance — men honest, religious, persevering, hopeful, and brave. Yet it must be admitted that Capt. Bridges was not of a specially genial disposition ; nor could he have been very popular in some of his relations. He had hard points of character ; was arbitrary, exacting, unyielding, in the smaller concerns of daily intercourse, and perhaps not sufficiently regard- ful of the minor rights of those about him ; for we all love to have our rights respe6led even when they are of little value. In those days of difficulty and doubt minds were trained to meet the trials of life with a fortitude that amounted to heroism. In- deed, it was a favorite idea, that the affliftions men were called to endure were disciplinary ; that souls were purified by such means. This, however, was probably quite as much theoretical as otherwise, for the best of us would prefer to secure by obser- vation rather than experience, the good that might be derived from pain and suffering. In our Annals of early dates may be found many fa6ls concern- ing Captain Bridges not here alluded to. The Petition of Dame Armitage, presented in 1643, for license to keep the tavern, established by her husband in the westerly part of Lynn, as before remarked, was, no doubt, written by him. He was a remarkably good penman ; and his name is conspicuous among the signers, as may be seen by reference to page 106. 124 Biographical Sketches. Brimblecovi. Broivn. Bubicr. Brimblecom, Col. Samuel — an early and enterprising:: shoe- manufaf the prominent socialistic works of Fourier. His first journalistic expe- rience was in editing an anti -slavery paper in Lynn, but he was best known as the founder of the " Saturday Press," and " Vanity Fair," in New York. Both of these were too bright and too impracticable to last Many of the brightest of the Bohemi- ans were contributors to Vanity Fair, but all their wit could not keep it alive. Clapp afterwards became well known as '• Figaro " of the Lander, a paper at one time owned and edited by Mayor Hall, and latterly he obtained a precarious livelihood by writing paragraph.i for the Daily Graphic and sending occasional contributions to dramatic and musical journals from a New Jersey farm-house. His talent was essentially that of the French Feuilletonistes, bright, keen and witty, but unsub- stantial and ephemeral. In character he was of the essence of Bohemia, reckless and witty, caring and thinking little of the serious concerns of life, but living as those who say, " Let us eat, drink and be merry, for to-morrow we die." That to-morrow of death has come for Henry Clapp, and no one can have the heart to throw anything but the mantle of charity over his bier. There would, perhaps, be little reason for introducing Mr. Clapp in this connection, were it not that he played so conspic- uous and sensational a part while here. He fraternized with the " Comeouters," though guiltless of the extremes that characfter- ized the condu(ft of some of the earlier ones, as noticed in our Annals, under date 1841. And it may be pardonable to add that the writer was well acquainted with him, and in common with Biographical Sketches. Cobbet. Coffin. Collins. 131 others esteemed him highly for his generous and genial qualities. It was likewise our fortune, while a resident of New York, to very well know one or two of the other " Bohemians " named above. The fa6l is, that " clique of roystering literary char- afters " led a sort of dual lives — now in the society of the better class of literary workers, supplying, with amazing facility, elab- orate papers and high-toned critiques, and anon at some Pewter Mug rendezvous, bandying quibs and relating wild adventures. Their condition and appearance were attributable to utter impro- vidence. They could earn money, and some of them did get high prices for magazine articles and editorial assistance ; but what did they do with their earnings .^ The writer one day, during a later visit to the city, on passing down Fulton street met one of the " Bohemians " named in the foregoing extraft, whom he had not seen for months, and the greeting was cordial. The meeting happened to be near a res- taurant and it was about noon. " Come, come," said he " now let us step right in here, and I '11 order something for the encour- agement of the inner man ; and over the supply we '11 have a talk." " But I can't," was the reply, for I am now on the way to a steamer, and cannot delay." " Well, then, good-by ; and per- haps," he added with his old air of mock gravity, " it is about as well that you declined my generous invitation, for six cents is the grand sum-total of my funds." But he forsook the Bohemian life, is yet living, and his fame as a writer is second to that of but few either here or in Europe. Cobbet, Rev. Thomas — was settled over the Lynn church, in 1637, 'IS colleague with Rev. Mr. Whiting. He was a marked charader among the early New England divines. His autograph is attached to the Armitage Petition, page 106. Cobbet school, Franklin street, takes its name from him. See Annals, date 1656. Coffin, Dr. Edward L. — physician, scientist, and writer. He lived on Market street, and died March 31, 1845, aged 50. A biographical notice appears in 1865 edition of History of Lynn. Collins, Micajah — minister of the Friends' society, and teacher of the Friends' school. He was born in Lynn, in 1764 132 Biographical Sketches. Cooke. Cnrtin. Davis. and died in 1827. In the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, appeared a biographical notice. Cook, Rev. Joseph — for a short time minister of the First Church — a pungent preacher and popular lecturer in America and Europe. See Annals, 1871. « Cooke, Rev. Parsons — minister of the First Church, twenty- one years ; a rigid Calvinist, and warm controversial preacher and writer — born in 1800, died in 1864. See Annals, 18C4. CooLiDGE, Oliver B. — well-known in various public positions. He died June 6, 1874, aged 76. See Annals, 1874. CowDRV, William — whose autograph may be seen among those appended to the Armitage Petition, page 106, came here in 1630, but did not remain many years. He became one of the first settlers of Reading, and was very conspicuous there ; was a deacon of the church, a representative, selectman and town clerk from the beginning of the settlement till his death, in 1687, at the age of 85. He was born in 1602, and was a farmer. CuRTiN, Enoch — a poet and prose writer. He lived in the eastern section of the town ; was born in 1794 and died in 1842. For biographical sketch, with poetic specimens, see 1865 edition of History of Lynn. Dagvr, John Adam — famed throughout the province as a fashionable shoemaker. He died in the almshouse, in 1808. See Annals, 1750. Davis, Edward S. — the eighth Mayor of Lynn. For Bio- graphical notice, with portrait, see Centennial Memorial. Biographical Sketches. Doak. Doolittle. Downing. 133 Dexter, Thomas — one of the most enterprising and noted of the early settlers. See Annals, 1630, et seq. The following represents his signature. ^i>wol^ ^^^yt^t^9^ Doak, Benjamin F. Mr. Doak died at his residence, corner of Atlantic and Ocean streets, on the 8th of November, 1876, aged 50 years. He was a native of Lynn though of a Marble- head family, and after receiving a fair common school education, in early manhood began business in a small way as a shoe-man- ufafturer. By industry and shrewd management he soon attained a position among our first class business men. He was a con- spicuous and highly respe6led member of the First Universalist Society, and a much esteemed citizen and friend. At various times he filled positions of public trust, and on the day of his burial a number of large business houses were closed in token of respe6l for his memory. By will, he bequeathed " to the City of Lynn, the sum of ten thousand dollars to be invested by the City as a separate fund, the income thereof to be expended by said City for the benefit of its poor, in such manner as the City Council may direct." This bequest is what is now called " The Doak Fund." Mr. Doak was for some years known as Benjamin F. Doak, 2d, there being two others of the name, in the vicinity, his seniors. Doolittle, John — a settler of some note ; was one of the appraisers of the estate of Edward Holyoke. He removed to Boston, and was a Constable in 1653. The Armitage Petition, page 106, bears his signature. Downing, Elijah — an early and zealous Methodist ; an adling magistrate and one interested in town affairs. He was born in 1777; was a cabinet-maker; lived on North Common street, corner of Park ; died in 1838. See History of Lynn, 1865 edition, for a biographical notice. Downing, Rev. Joshua Wells. Mr. Downing was one of the most promising young men Lynn has produced, and by his early death she no doubt lost one who would have done much to 134 Biographical Sketches. Draper. Driver. Fay. extend her fame. He was born here on the fifth of March, 1813, and was a son of Elijah Downing, named next above. At the age of seventeen he entered Brown University, and graduated in 1834. His original design was to adopt the legal profession as the business of his life ; but being brought to a deep sense of the greater dignity and importance of a profession that more nearly touched the higher concerns of men, he soon directed his attention to the ministry, and in June, 1835, was received into the New England Methodist Conference, and stationed at Ran- dolph, in Norfolk county. The next year he was appointed to the Salem charge, and in the short space of two years after, that is, in 1838, had attained such a reputation as to be placed in charge of one of the oldest and most opulent churches of the denomination in New England — the Bromfield Street Church, in lioston. And in that charge, secure in the affections of his people, and with an ever increasing reputation in the community at large, he remained till the time of his death, which occurred on the 15th of July, 1839. About one year before his death he married May Ann, a daughter of Daniel L. Mudge, who survived him ; but he left no children. His brother, the Rev. Elijah Hedding Downing, now a minister in the Protestant I'^piscopal Church, and who is a graduate of Bowdoin College, prepared a very sympathetic and interesting memorial volume, which was published in New York, in 1842. The sermons and addresses embodied in it evince a remarkably pure, well-trained, and ear- nest mind, and are comix)scd in a terse, vigorous, and attrac'^ive style. Dkapir. Alonzo G. — a commander in the war of the Rebel- lion ; shot from his horse, apparently by accident, m Texas, September, 1865. See Annals, 1865. Driver, Roiiert. Respcd^able descendants have sprung from this early settler, though not much is known of him. His auto- graph is on the Armitage Petition, j^age 106. He died in 1680, aged 87. See Annals, 1630. Fay, Richard S. — owner of the beautiful Mineral Spring estate — (Lynnmere). Hedied June6, 1865. See Annuls, 1865. Biographical Sketches. Forman. Ficller. Gardner. 135 Fitch, Zachary, whose autograph is last on the Armitage Petition, had *' 30 and ten acres " allotted to him in the land distribution of 1638. He moved to Reading, in 1644, and became a deacon in the church there. Fitch's Hill, so called, was a part of his estate. Few of his descendants are now found here. Flacg, Dr. John — a highly esteemed physician and revolu- tionary patriot ; lived on Marion street ; born in 1743, died May 27, 1793- See Annals, 1793. Flora — a pious negro woman of touching history ; died in 1828, aged 113 years. See Annals, 1828. Forman, Eugene F. — editor of the Lynn Daily Bee. His death was occasioned by a singular and distressing accident, September 3, 1881. See Annals, 1881. Fuller, Joseph — first Senator from Lynn, and first presi- dent of the first bank here — was born on Water Hill, March 29, 1772. See History of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 505. Fuller, Maria Augusta — poetess and prose writer — was born in Lynn, Dec. 9, 1806, and died January 19, 183 1. A bio- graphical notice, with specimens of her writing may be found in the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn. A fac-simile of her signature follows. . . y /?• Gardner, Dr. James — a physician of high standing, and much respeited for his good judgment and benevolence. He died December 26, 1831, aged 69. His residence was on Boston street, near Bridge. See Annals, 1831. Gardner, James H. — was born in Lynn July 29, 1796, and died in Richmond, Va., September 10, 1877. He was a son of Dr. James Gardner, just named, and a grandson of Dr. Flagg, who occupied the " Billy Gray " house. He became a resident of Richmond in early life, and for many years carried on a large 136 Biographical Sketches. Gates. Gillow. and successful business there, maintaining a chara6\er for integrity and liberality attained by few. The Richmond Despatch, in an obituary notice, said of him, " There was no man who was more worthily loved and respe6led, and no man whose life was more exemplary." He always entertained the highest regard for his native place, and until the infirmities of age overtook him, made an annual visit, encouraging her public enterprises and liberally bestowing in charity, from his large means, which, however, became sadly reduced by the calamities of the civil war, an occurrence which he deeply deplored. He was an adlive member of the Protestant Kpiscopal communion, and even as far back as 1 8 19, when the first attempt was made to establish a church here he looked hopefully forward to the time when her benign influence would pervade the community ; was a strong and heliv ing friend to St. Stephen's in her darkest hours, and happily lived to see her in comparative prosperity. A memorial window has been placed in the church at Richmond, where he worshiped, and in which he was a vestryman and Sunday school superin- dcnt many years. Gates, Isaac — a shrewd but eccentric lawyer. His office and residence were on Market street, that street then being chiefly occupied by residences. He died Nov. 9, 1852. See Annals, 1852. Gillow, Joh.n. There were several Gillows here at an early period, but it does not apj)car that any of their descendants remain. The John whose autograph is to be seen on the Armi- tage Petition, page 106, was doubtless the shrewd individual who so successfully turned the tables on a pestilent fellow who sued him for the loss of a cow. The case occurred in 1C38, and is thus related by Winthrop : " A remarkable providence appeared in a case which was tried at the last Court of Assistants. Divers neighbors of Lynn, by agreement kept their cattle by turns. It fell out to the turn of one Gillow to keep them, and as he was driving them forth another of these neighbors went along with him, and kept him so earnestly in talk, that his cattle strayed and gate in the corn. Then this other neighbor left him, and would not help him recover his cattle, but went and told another Biographical Sketches. Gould. Cray. 137 how he had kept Gillow in talk, that he might lose his cattle. The cattle getting into the Indian corn, eat so much ere they could be gotten out, that two of them fell sick of it, and one of them died presently ; and these two cows were that neighbor's who kept Gillow in talk. The man brings his action against Gillow for his cow (not knowing that he had witness of his speech;) but Gillow, producing witness, barred him of his action, and had good costs." Mr. Gillow died in 1673. Gould Dr. Abraham — A skillful physician, of large praftice. His residence was on Boston street, a furlong east of Tower Hill, and he died February 27, 1866, aged 58. See Annals, 1866. Gray, George — the Lynn Hermit — lived on Boston street, nearly opposite the entrance to Pine Grove Cemetery, and died February 28, 1848, aged 78. See Annals, 1848. It was natural enough that many wonderful stories touching the career of such a mysterious personage as Mr. Gray should have gained currency. The writer had occasional interviews with him, and knew that he was well aware of the gossiping indulgencies of his neighbors. But he was shrewd enough never to admit or deny the truth of anything that was said about him. Among the most interesting incidents in his veritable or imagin- ary history was his alleged conne61ion with the fate of the French Dauphin, Charles Louis, son of Louis xvi and Maria Antoinette. It is easy enough to see how in a fertile imagination such an alluring connexion may have been suggested by the following fa6ls : A number of years ago the Rev. Eleazer Williams, a respe6lable clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church, who had for a considerable period been laboring as a missionary among the St. Regis Indians visited Lynn. An article had about that time appeared in Putnam's Magazine, a periodical of high standing, presenting quite an array of evidence tending to show that this Mr. Williams was in truth the scion of royalty whose death history had all along informed us took place in 1795, through the cruel treatment of Simon, into whose relentless custody the revolutionary miscreants had resigned him. There were many, however, who did not feel assured that history, in this instance, spoke the exacSt truth. 138 Biographical Sketches. Gray. Mr. Williams, during his visit to Lynn, which was brief, called on the writer, for the chief purpose of obtaining a specimen of the handwriting of the Hermit ; and no doubt he had interviews with others. That he felt confident that he really was the Dau- phin may not be disputed, the theorv being that he had become well nigh demented by the heartless treatment of Simon — his memory and power of observation almost extinguished — and in that condition was secretly taken from that austere custody, brought to the wilds of America, and given in charge of a woman of the St. Regis tribe, who nurtured him lovingly. He believed that he had always been kept in sight by French parti.sans, and mentioned the fact that the Prince de Jr>invillc. when in this country sought him out and had an interview at Gnen liay, but was shy about slating the object or result of the interview. The magazine article, however, intimated that the Prince had enjoined conditional secrcsy, and added that Louis Philip himself, after the return of his son, wrote to Mr. Williams. The almost idiotic condition to which the Dauphin had been reduced was urged as a rea.son why Mr. Williams had no clear recollection of things that happened before he attained the age 6f thirteen or fourteen — only a few ilream-Iike catches. It was likewise mentioned as a significant fact that in the reign of Louis .win the name of the Dauphin was omitted in the funeral solemnities for the decea.sed Bourbons. The Indian woman was said never to have claimed that the child was her own ; and it is asserted that when Professor Day placed before him a |x)rtrait of Simon, he gave a shudder ; and further, that he recognized a jxirtrait of Madam Llizabeth as the likeness of one whom he had seen. It was also said that the ambassador Genet declared that the Dauphin was alive, in New York state, in 181 7, though it is not known that he located him in St. Regis, which is in that state, and that a Frenchman named Boulanger, who died in New Orleans, in 1848, on his death-bed declared that he had a hand in bringing the royal child to America. These circumstances, in connection with the fact that Mr. Williams was so anxious to obtain a specimen of the handwriting of the Hermit furnished a basis for a very interesting superstruc- ture. And it was soon claimed — on what authority we have yet been unable to determine — that Gray was in France, a red Biographical Sketches. Gray. . 139 republican, during the most sanguinary days of the revolution, and was one of those who brought hither the ill-fated boy. What the truth in this mysterious matter is, it is now probable will never be known ; and though it may dctra6l something from the romance of the narrative, we feel bound to add a few fads of a different asped touching the identity of Mr. Williams. The name Williams has been long known in the St. Regis tribe, for it will not be forgotten that the minister of Deerfield who with his family was taken captive among others on the terrible night of the savage attack on the settlement, in 1703, was the Rev. John Williams. The captives were, with a few exceptions, finally redeemed. But his daughter Eunice had become so enamored of Indian life that she could not be induced to return to civiliza- tion, though she occasionally visited her early friends. Now we find it stated in the Historical Colleftions of New York, that this very Eleazer Williams was a grandson of Eunice who ad- hered to the surname of her father, and that he was educated by her Christian friends. For many years he was a devoted mission- ary in the tribe, and did much to ameliorate their condition. A late chief of the tribe bore the name of Williams, and was, no doubt, another descendant of Eunice. Assuming that these state- ments are all authentic, they would preclude a belief that Mr. Williams was the French Dauphin. But there is no conclusive evidence on the point, his own recolleftion being entirely at fault. He possessed one physical feature which was quite observable, namely, an unmistakable Bourbon nose. We remarked that when here Mr. Williams was anxious to obtain a specimen of the handwriting of the Hermit ; but he seemed to desire it for use in efforts then being made to secure the property left by Gray, who had lately died, for a claimant in whom he felt an interest, but whether one conne6led with old French affairs is not known. The following is a fac-simile of the Hermit's signature. Gray, William — best known by the inelegant sobriquet "Billy Gray" — an eminent merchant, and Lieut. Governor 140 Biographical Sketches. Hahcy. of the State. He was born in the Dr. Flagg house, Marion street, and died in Boston, November 3, 1825, aged 75 years, leaving many descendants. Rev. William Gray Swett, who was installed minister of the Unitarian society, January i, 1840, was a grandson oi his ; and Chief Justice Gray, of our Supreme Court, and later an Associate on the Supreme Bench of the United States, was likewise a grand.son. For biographical notice see 1865 edition of History of Lynn. Halsey, Thomas. Not much will be found in our Annals, relating to this individual, though he was allowed a hundred acres in the land distribution of 1638, for he became interested in the Long Island enterprise, and was one of the settlers of Southampton. In his new location he became prominent and comi)aratively wealthy. Among his numerous descendants, scat- tered all over the country, several have won their way to distinc- tion and useful positions. Among the few from the eastern part of Long Island who joined the Continentals wders .92. 1834. April 7. Alonzo IxwuH, Dr. to a visit this morning for yourself, .25. 1835. Feb. 18. Capt. Charles Merritt, Dr. to I2 pills delivered yourself this a. m. at the postoffice door, and consilium, .25. 1836. May 6. Nathaniel Ingall.*, Dr. to cash paid you to-day, 67 cents. Credit, by assisting Mr. Merrill, the carpenter, about putting down some posts for fence, for mc, yesterday, at \Vue pounds which my sone Daniell did Receive in goods of M' Wm Guy, of London, haberdasher ; and my Answer is that my sone Daniel is gone to burbados and hath carried with him goods in order to the making the Returne much more then I can judge will Ballance that ace". And I hope either by this time or very sudenly bee will Returne a satisfactory acc°." Two years after the foregoing, namely, in 1660, Mrs. Elizabeth King, mother of the delinquent Daniel, jr., comes to the rescue of her son's credit and reputation in the following propitiatory epistle to her nephew Guy : " from Linn, in New P^ngland, Decemb'' the 28^*^, 1660 .... After Respeckts presented these earr to lett you under stand that yours wee have receued. Return you Manny thanks for your patiente lines But being much troubled that wee yett cannot Answer your ends According to your expecktations. Many ways wee have tryed. By Barbudoes, By Bills of Exchange, & By getting of Bever, for you. But as yet canno^ proceure anny of them. But By the next shepping I hoape wee shall find out some way or other whereby you shall haue sattisfacktion ; my sonn Ralph & my sonn Blaenny douth Intend if pleas god the Hue and doe well to com for England ; soe heaping that you will bee pleased to Ad one mitt of patience unto your Aboundance which you have had soe. " Resting and Remaining your Ever Loueing Ante tell Death, Elizabeth King." i64 Biographical Sketches. Langhton. Leonard. Lrwis. The " sonn Ralph " was successful in his business, and accu- mulated quite a property for those times. The inventory of his estate, taken July 8, 1689, by Rev, Mr. Shepard, William Bas- sett, and John Ballard, gives an amount of ;^2365 4$-. The inventory of the estate of Daniel King, senior, who died May 28, 1672, gives an amount of ;^I528 9^. Ralph King's name appears first among the grantees in the Indian deed of Lynn. K.rTREDGE, Dr. Edward A. — a physician and humorous writer. He died in Newton, F'eb. 25. 1869, aged 58. See An- nals, 1869. Laughtox, Thomas. The name of this prominent settler, like the names of many others, was in old times spelled in various ways. He was elected Town Clerk in 1672, and remained in the office several years ; was likewise a Selectman for a number of years, and a Representative some ten. He held several other responsible otTiccs ; was a farmer, and lived on P'ranklin street. Laighton street took its name from him. See Annals, 1635, and other early dates. His name is on the Armitage Petition ; and a fac-simile, taken from a signature of his made in 1668, follows. T^-i^^"^ 'Jku^hrr^ Leonard, Henry and James. These brothers were conne6led with the ancient iron works on Saugus river, and became prom- inent in the iron manufacture of New England. See Annals, 1642. Lewis, Alonzo. A pretty full biographical sketch of Mr. Lewis the bard and historian, may be found in the 1S65 edition of our History of Lynn. And in the Centennial Memorial a shorter sketch, with a portrait, may be found. It has been stated that Mr. Lewis, on one or two occasions, in early life, left his native place to seek his fortune elsewhere. His strong natural attachment to his home, however, always prevailed, and after a brief absence he was soon again among us. In 1832, at the age of 38, he removed with the determination, undoubtedly, to permanently reside abroad ; and the writer well remembers Biographical Sketches. Lewis. 165 his emotion as he handed him the following touching lines for publication. But after an absence of a few months we were again favored by his presence ; and it is not recolledled that he had, during the remainder of his life, any disposition to withdraw from the attra6live scenes of his native place, its sunny hills and silvery streams, or to pitch his tent on any spot where the sound of old Ocean's harp could not be heard. We have always been impressed with the belief that the fourth stanza was founded on a singularly false apprehension, arising in an extremely sensitive mind. He had friends ; strong and loving friends ; and no real foes ; though there were those who could not avoid sometimes expressing annoyance at eccentricities which occasionally could hardly be called unobtrusive. THE BARD'S FAREWELL. Farewell ye streams, ye dear loved streams, Where I in childhood played, Upon whose inarge my youthful dreams Have blest the peaceful shade. No more to hear your rippling song Shall I delighted bend, Nor with the loved your banks along In twilight converse wend. Farewell ye hills whose dewy brow These early feet have kisc While silent ocean lay below Half hid in sleeping mist. Your sunny tops at distance far These anxious eyes may view. But never shall the morning star Our vanished joys renew. Ye early friends, to whom this heart Affe6lion long has bound, The day has come when we must part, And share affeftion's wound. Your hopes o'er other joys may bloom, Your hearts with friendship swell ; But mine shall give no other room To aught, except — farewell ! And ye, without a cause my foes, As o'er life's waves I glide, May haply think upon the woes With which ye swelled the tide ; i66 Biographical Sketches. Lewis. The injured heart that would have died Your slightest griefs to quell. Shall breathe from out its bleeding side Forpzeness — and farewell. As when the purple ocean flower From off its rock is torn, Submissive to the tem|)est's power, By which 'tis onward borne, So shall my heart sustain the storm Its hopes in vain would quell. And dying, breathe in accents warm. My friends — my home — farewell ! No extended notice of Mr. Lewis is required hcye, as the sketches already referred to will furnish sufficient information to meet all ordinary inquiries. Ikit no more appropriate place will be found for the introduction of a pictorial view of the house in which he was born. It still stands on the north side of Boston street, nearly opposite Bridge. The writer well remembers it for at least si.xty-five years, during which time the exterior has been a little modernized about the door-way, and the blinds have been added. The fence, likewise, is somewhat more artistic than the one Mr. Lewis built with his own hands, some forty years ago. We seem now to see him sitting in that door-way, just as he sat three score years since, in " contemplative mood," enjoying the cool of a summer morning, as we went whistling along towards the cow pasture. BIRTHPL.\CE OK AI i)N/.(j LEWIS. Mr. Lewis was born on the 28th of August, 1794, and died on the 2 1 St of January, 1S61. And it may be of interest here to Biographical Sketches. Lightfoot. Longley, 167 reproduce a pi6lure of the sea-side cottage in which he died, though it appears in our 1865 edition. COTTAGE IN V^HICH MR LEW I -5 DIED. Mr. Lewis was a fine penman, and somewhat ornate in his signature, as the appended fac-simile shows. C^^ 6r?-i^2:^^ Lewis, Jacob M. — the fourteenth Mayor of Lynn. He is a native of the place, was born on the 13th of 06lober, 1823, and served in the mayoralty four terms. P'or biographical sketch, with portrait, see Centennial Memorial. A fac-simile of his signature is here given. /-Tl/^ / ^ /9 ' ^/o^cc/lf ^/(p , Lightfoot, Francis — whose autograph appears upon the Armitage Petition, page 106, was a man of small means, but respectable charafter. He died in 1646. See Annals, 1635. Longley, William. This was no doubt the same individual who figured so strangely in the land claim spoken of in our An- nals, under date 1638 ; and his name is on the Armitage Petition. The Longleys seem to have been often at war with their neigh- bors on account of land claims. Thomas Newhall, so oi'ten 1 68 Biographical Sketches. Longley. alluded to as the first white person born in Lynn, and who from all that appears was far from being of a quarrelsome disposition, was prosecuted in 1663 for assault and battery committed on the wife of this William Longley while assisting in running a land line. Among other evidence in the case was the following : "The testimony of Elizabeth Newhall y' wife of John Senier, ai)d Mary Haven whoc say'** y' Thomas Newhall Junier was tlesicred for to howld a poole for to rone a line between Will Longley and John Newhall : y' say^ Thomas Newhall stode on y' land of John Newhalls : then came y' two dafters of y' say** Longley ; namely Mary Longley & Anna Longley and threue stons at y* say** Thomas Newhall ; afterwards y' say** Anna toke up a peace of a pulle & stroke y' say** Newhall sevcrall blows with it, & presently after y' wife of y* say' Longley came with a broad axe in hir hand and cam to y' say' Newhall and violently stroke at y' say'' Newhall with y' a.\e, but y' say* Newhall sli|)cd aside & soe y* a.xe miscd him ; o'wise wee cannot but thinke but y' hee had bine much wounded if not killed : then presently after y' wife of Will Longley laid howld uponc y' poole with hir two dafters to pull y' poole away from y' sayd Newhall : but y" sayd Newhall pulled y* ix)ole from y"*. All this time y' sayd Thomas Newhall did stand upon y* land of John Newhalls. Taken upon oath, 28 r*" '63." The Longleys, in their version, of cour.se gave theafiair a diflerenl coloring. They testified that Newhall was on one side of their orchard fence, and they on the other ; that they were striving to get the pole from him, all having hold of it ; and one of the daughters goes on to say, " wee had almost pulled the poole out of his hands but his brother John came and heli)ed him and pulled it from us, and after the saicl Newhall had got the poole again he strucke my mother seueral blows with the poole so that one of her hands was black and blue severall dayes after." It must have been quite a spirited scene there at the orchard fence — the brothers Thomas and John in fierce combat with the sisters Anna and Mary, supported by their belligerent mother. And attention need not be called to the fadl made apparent bv this historical scrap, that then petty neighborhood quarrels, with their exaggerated details and strife -engendering tendencies furnished the same sort of unwholesome food for the interior courts that they do in our day. Biographical Sketches. Lovering. Ltimnms. 169 LovERiNG, Henry B. — the seventeenth Mayor of Lynn — was born in Portsmouth, N. H. April 8, 1841. He was inaugurated January 3d, 1881, and so satisfaaorily performed the duties of the office that in December he was eledted for a second term. He has been for nearly the whole of his business life conneded in some way with the manufa6lure of shoes. And that he is deemed a citizen of ability and trustworthiness is sufficiently apparent from the responsible positions he has been called to fill. On the 25th of December, 1865, he was united in marriage with Abbie J., a daughter of Harrison Clifford, and has four children. During the civil war he served in the Union army twenty-six months. While attached to the Third Massachusetts Cavalry, under Gen. Sheridan, he had the misfortune to lose a leg, at the battle of Winchester. A fac-simile of his autograph is here given. '^;;^-t/tA.'^:^C<.(7^ LuMMUS, Dr. Aaron — a skillful physician, who was in prac- tice here nearly fifty years. He lived on Market street, and Tremont street was opened through his orchard. He died Jan. 5, 183 1, aged 74. See Annals, 183 1. LuMMUS, Aaron — familiarly known as "Judge Lummus" — was a son of Dr. Aaron just named, and his title "Judge," arose from his having long presided as a police magistrate. He was grave and deliberate in the examination of causes, but not over cautious in preventing the accumulation of small cases. His occupation as a trial justice was superseded by the establishment of the Police Court, in 1849. He was a Methodist minister before assuming the judicial office, and besides preaching was at times connedled with denominational publications. He wrote consid- erable, but his writings, as a general thing, were didaftic and better calculated to instru6l than interest. As a preacher he was sound in do6lrine, but not eminent in the way of oratory. We remember hearing his brother, Charles F., who will come next I/O Biographical SKJiXCHES. Ltimmus. Mansfield. under notice, in his quaint way remark : " Well, there 's my brother Aaron ; he is a good exhorter, and that 's about all." He died March i, 1859. aged 62. LuMMUS, Charles F. — the first Lynn printer. He died April 20, 1838, aged 37. For biographical sketch see 1865 edition of History of Lynn. A fac-similc of his signature follows. ,CC-CX>L<..crvision, the excavation of Dungeon Rock. If possible, Edwin was more firm in the faith than his father. He died at the Rock, January 16, 1880, aged 48. See Annals, 1880. MakI!I.i., IliKAM — a devoted spiritualist, who in 1852, under- took the herculean labor of excavating Dungeon Rock in search of gold and jewels suj^posed to have been secreted there by pirates, in 1658. He died at the Rock, November 10, 1868, aged 65. See Annals, 1658 and 1868. Marshall, Thomas — a jolly landlord of the old Anchor Tavern, in its palmy days ; and otherwise distinguished among his fellow-townsmen. His autograph adorns the Armitage Peti- tion, page 106. See Annals, 1635, and other early dates. Martin, Dea. George. Deacon Martin died on the 17th of December, 1868, aged 68. He was a native of Lynn and deacon of the First Church — Trinitarian Congregational — for the long space of forty-one years, and superintendent of the Biographical Sketches. Merritt. Moody. Moore. 173 Sunday school for twenty-five years. His death was by heart disease, and occurred without warning, during a prayer meetino- in the vestry of the church, on South Common street, corner of Vine. He had just closed a fervent prayer, when he fell and expired. He was a man of intelligence, kindly feeling, and great integrity of character ; was industrious and unobtrusive, and by his example turned many to a better life. He was zealously engaged in the temperance cause and other reformatory enter- prises of the day. Martin, Josiah — an eccentric charafter, much given to " praaical jokes," so called. He was landlord of the old Anchor Tavern, about the commencement of the Revolution. See An- nals, 1782. Merritt, Charles — for many years a Deputy Sheriff of the county, and otherwise conspicuous in public ofBce. He lived on Western avenue near the jundion of Summer street, and died March 13, 1877, aged 72. See Annals, 1877. A fac-simile of his signature is here given. ~r^y MONTOWAMPATE — Indian Sagamore of Lynn. See History of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 36, Moody, Lady Deborah — a lady of great worth, wealth and influence, but being unsound in puritanical dodrine, was subjeded to persecution and loss. See Annals, 1640. Moody, True — a faithful sable out-door attendant at Lynn Hotel, in its palmy days — a man of scrupulous honesty and much favored by travellers. He died June 17, 1855. See Annals, 1855. Moore, Henry — for more than twenty years principal of the Cobbet grammar school. He lived on Boston street, near Con- gress, and died March 29, 1879, aged 52. See Annals, 1879. Mottey, Rev. Joseph — minister of the Lynnfield Parish, for many years. See Annals, 1821. 174 Biographical Sketches. Moulton. MouLTON, Joseph. Mr. Moulton was a native of Lynn, and spent most of his life among us. On the maternal side he was a descendant from Andrew Mansfield, the first Town Clerk. For many years he owned and occupied the house on Boston street, nearly opposite the foot of Marion, in which he was born and in which he died, and which is supposed to be the oldest dwcllinj; now in Lynn. A few of his earlier years were spent in Vermont and western New York, where his fortunes were varied and not always free from hardship and discouragement. I^ut industry, self-reliance, and perseverance, carried him successfully through. He was a tanner and morocco-dresser by trade and on his return to Lynn, in 1837, establishecj himself in the latter branch, which he diligently pursued till it finally yielded him a competency ; and his latter years were passed in quietude, and far above pecuniary want, though he was not exempt from a share of phy- sical sulTering, as cruel asthma long held its grip upon him. He was an accomplished antiquary ; was for more than twenty years a member of the Massachusetts Historic and Genealogical Soci- ety and furnished some interesting papers for their publications. In viewing the memorials and contemplating the scenes of the past, he took unwearied delight. With English history and literature he was more than commonly familiar, and there was scarcely a point of New England history on which he did not possess almost exhaustive knowledge. On matters pertaining to our local history he was often applied to for information. And he possessed one trait especially, rare as it is valuable, namely, a readiness to admit ignorance when it existed, and an equal readi- ness to resort to patient investigation. Often have we heard him say to an inquirer. " Well, well, I declare to you I do not know; but will try to find out; come again." His reading, however, was by no means confined to historical works. Many delighted hours he spent over the volumes of the old poets, essayists and novelists ; and his memory was so retentive that even in common conversation, he frequently quoted passages — sometimes in an amusing, always in a pertinent manner. He had a library, small but valuable, embracing a few rare works, and was not often deterred by any reasonable expense from gratifying his taste. The writer remembers one day meeting him with a couple of small volumes in his hand. " There," said Biographical Sketches. Moidton. Mudge. 175 he, " I have just received these little books from England, and they cost me thirty dollars." He was an intelligent horticulturist, and took much pleasure in his garden, especially in experimenting with fruit trees, vines, and flowers, producing some valuable seedlings and some novel and interesting results by inoculation. Soon after the breaking out of the civil war, he became the possessor of a bell which had done service on a Louisiana plan- tation, and this he sometimes, on occasions which seemed espe- cially to call for the expression of patriotic feeling, sent clanging through the streets, mounted on wheels. He afterwards gave it to the trustees of Pine Grove Cemetery, and it now hangs in the tower of the keeper's house. Mr. Moulton, while in Vermont, was united in marriage with Relief Todd, and by her had five children, to wit, Anne, James T., Charles H., John T., and Walter S. James T. and John T. inherit in a marked degree their father's love for antiquarian studies. He died, very suddenly, Feb. 10, 1873, aged 75 years. Moulton, Solomon — a writer of prose and poetry, of much promise. He died May 26, 1827, aged 19. For a biographical sketch, with specimens of his writing, see 1865 edition of the History of Lynn. Mudge, Benjamin. Mr. Mudge was born in Lynn, Sept. i, 1786. He was the seventh child of Enoch Mudge, who was the father of fourteen children, and was in his turn the father of eleven. Till 181 5 his life was passed in Lynn, excepting that for a short time he followed the seas under his brother Joseph. In 1808 he married Abigail Rich, who became the mother of all his children. She died in 1847, and the next year he married Miss Ardra Cobb, who, surviving him, died on the 14th of December, 1880, at the age of 92. In 1815, with his family, Mr. Mudge emigrated to the then " far west," settling at Cincinnati, Ohio. The journey thither was at that time long and wearisome. At Laurel Hill, he had the misfortune to have his leg broken by being thrown from the top of a stage, the accident causing a tedious detention of some two months, and making a serious inroad upon his limited means. 1/6 Biographical Sketciiks. Mudge. He opened a shoe store at Cincinnati, which he continued till 1822, when he gave up and returned to Lynn, in anything but a satisra6lory condition, pecuniarily. Possessing an adtive and enterprising mind, and being urged on by the requirements of a growing family, he industriously set to work, and for some years procured a livelihood by semi-literary pursuits. He was con- nected with Zion's Herald, the Masonic Mirror, and one or two other newspapers, appearing at one time as editor of the Lynn Mirror. In 183 1, he commenced, in Lynn, the Essex Democrat, a weekly paper, warmly spiced with politics of what was then known as the Jacksonian stamp. This he continued about two years, and afterwards derived a moderate income from minor political offices. In 1840 he was eledled a Representative to the General Court. He was also an ailing justice of the peace, county commissioner, and overseer of the poor. He was likewise postmaster from 1843 to 1849. In 1854 he had the misfortune to fall near the rail-road track, in Ipswich, and before he could recover himself a train passed over his foot, so injuring it that amputation was necessary. Thus he became lamed for the remainder of his life. When about seventeen years of age he connected himself with the First Methodist Church, of which his father and mother had long been members, and thence pursued an exemplary walk, through his long life. He was Captain of the Lynn Artillery, from 18 13 to 18 16, and on a night during the war with England, on a sudden alarm instantly summoned his company and marched towards the quarter supposed to be in danger. It proved, however, to be a false alarm. His eldest son, Robert R., born in 1809, graduated from the West Point Military Academy, in 1833, and in 1835 was ordered to Florida, to take part in the Seminole war, as Lieutenant under Major Dade, and was killed at Withlacoochie, together with the whole company of one hundred and seventeen, with the exception of three. Personally, Mr. Mudge was tall, well-formed, and ere(5l ; a(5live in movement, and of pleasant countenance. He died on the 21st of March, 1874, at the age of ^^ years, and was buried from the First Methodist meeting-house, where he had so long worshiped. Biographical Sketches. Mudge. 177 A large concourse gathered to take a last look upon the remains of one who in his various social, public, and business relations had maintained a high charader for integrity and fellow-feeling. Mudge, Benjamin F. — the second Mayor of Lynn. He died at his residence, in Manhattan, Kansas, November 21, 1879, aged 62 ; and so great was the respeft for him, that the citizens' of that place erefted a monument over his grave. See Annals, 1879. In the Centennial Memorial, is a biographical sketch, with a portrait. A fac-simile of his signature is hereto appended. Mudge, Rev. Enoch — an esteemed minister of the Metho- dist connexion, and a writer of some note. " Lynn, a Poem,"" published in pamphlet form, in 1826, was a production of his. His son Enoch Redington, was the donor of the beautiful St. Stephen's Memorial Church, erefted in 1881. He died in Lynn,. April 2, 1850, aged 74. In the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn may be found a biographical sketch. Mudge, Enoch Redington — son of the Rev. Enoch, just noticed, and the munificent builder of St. Stephen's Memorial Church. He died 061. 1,1881, aged 69 years. See Annals, 1 88 1 . Mudge, Ezra — a well-known citizen, much in public life. He died May 25, 1855, aged 75. In the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, a biographical notice may be found. Mudge, Ezra Warren. In the Centennial Memorial appears; a biographical notice of Mr. Mudge, with a portrait. He died at his home, on Neptune street, September 20. 1878, aged 66 years. Few persons have ever left the busy scenes of our community more respeded and beloved or more worthy to be held in grate- ful remembrance. His father, Hon. Ezra Mudge, was thrice married, and by the second and third wives each had seven 12 1/8 Biographical Sketches. Mndgc. children, the first wife having died childless. Ezra Warren was the fourth child by the second wife. He received his education in the schools of Lynn, and in 1828 entered the dry goods store of Chase and Huse, near the west end of the Common. In this store, first as clerk and then as partner, he remained till 1849, ^t which time the Laighton Hank — afterwards the Central Na- tional — was established, and he was elected cashier, and contin- ued to fill the office in a most satisfactory manner till his last sickness rendered it necessary to resign. He held various responsible positions under the old town government ; was a Selectman, Town Treasurer, and member of the School Com- mittee. And after the City Charter was adopted he was for six years City Treasurer. In 1856 he was inaugurated as the si-xth Mayor, and administered the oflfice two years, his administration being marked by prudence, integrity, and impartiality. During the civil war he was a member of the board of Aldermen, and with that body his opinions deservedly had great weight. He had a taste for literature and took great interest in all educational enterprises, was identified with the Public Library, from its foundation, and at the time of his decease was president of the board of trustees. He had a well sele(51ed library, em- bracing, at the time of his death, some three thousand volumes ; and many an hour of pleasant retirement did he spend with those refreshing though silent companions. In early manhood he married Miss Eliza R. Bray, of Salem, and became the father of nine children, four of whom survived him. His burial took place from the Second Universalist meet- ing-house, where he had for many years been a worshiper, and was attended by a large concourse of friends and citizens. His autograph, so familiar from its appearance on the bills of the bank with which he was so long connecfted, is here represented. Biographical Sketches. Mulliken. Miinroe. Neal. 179 MuLLiKEN, Samuel — third postmaster of Lynn. He died November 25, 1847, aged 86. See Annals, 1847. MuNROE, Col. Timothy. Colonel Munroe was not of a tem- perament to pass noiselessly through the world ; yet though for many years conspicuous as an ardent politician, and otherwise a6live in local affairs, he was most widely known by his military record. He was a native of Lynn, and died at his residence in Franklin street, on the 25th of May, 1873, at the age of 72 years. He was for a number of years Captain of the Lynn Light Infantry, of which company he became a member as early as 18 1 7 — a company which has ever maintained a high charafter for discipline. He was likewise commissioned as Colonel of the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment, and was in command at the time of the breaking out of the civil war ; at which stirring period his regiment was hastily summoned and departed for the scene of conflict, joining in the perilous march through Baltimore. He however continued in aftive service but a few months. In his religious views he was a steadfast adherent of the Uni- tarian faith ; was one of the early members of the society here ; and from their meeting-house his remains were followed to their last resting place in Pine Grove Cemetery. In early manhood he married Miss Rachel Lakeman, and became the father of five children. Munroe street, which was laid out through his father's land perpetuates the family name. Nahanton — an Indian " wise man." See History of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 41. Nanapashemet — an Indian Sachem of extensive jurisdi6tion. See 1865 edition of History of Lynn, page 34. Neal, Peter M. — the tenth Mayor of Lynn. For notice, with portrait, see Centennial Memorial. A fac-simile of his signature is hereto appended. i8o Biographical Sketches. Nrivhall. Newhall, Anthony. Sec " Ncwhall, Thomas and Anthony." Newhall, Asa T., of Lynnficld — an intelligent farmer, con- siderably in public life. He died December i8, 1850, aged 71. A biographical notice appears in the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn. Newhall, Benjamin F., of Saugus — a man active in business, public spirited, and full of industrial resources, intelligent, and a frequent writer for the public journals. He died Odlober 13, 1863, aged 61. For biographical notice see History of Lynn, 1865 edition. Newhall, Francis S. — was largely engaged in the shoe and leather trade, a Senator, and first president of Laighton — after- wards the Central National — Bank He died Feb. 2, 1858, aged 62. Sec notice in 1865 edition of History of Lynn. Newhall, Henry. Mr. Newhall was a lineal descendant from Thomas, one of the first settlers, and his father was Win- throp Newhall, who for many years successfully prosecuted the trade of tanner, his vats being on the west side of Market street, near where the Eastern Rail-road now crosses. The sul)je6t of this sketch, in company with his brother Francis S., just named, followed his father in the occupation, and added to it the manufac^hire of morocco. This was really the business of his life, though other pursuits to some extent engaged his attention, and he retired from a(ftive business with ample means but failing health. His habits were rather retiring than bustling, though he did not shrink from the performance of important public duties. He filled various municipal offices, was a bank director, and on the death of his brother Francis succeeded to the oflfice of president of the Central National Bank, which he continued to fill till a few years before his death. His opportunities for education were limited, but he was fond of reading, and soon began to store his mind with information on almost every current topic, by no means overlooking the literature of the imagination. He was much esteemed for his gentlemanly manners and in rather a marked degree received the social deference so often Biographical Sketches. Ncwliall. i8i accorded to wealth. The Unitarian society, which was incorpo- rated in 1822, counted him among its early members, and to the end of his life he continued in the faith. He died July 15, 1878, aged 81 years ; and his remains were interred on Linden avenue in Pine Grove Cemetery, by the side of those of his brother Francis, in accordance with the expressed desire of both, who, having through life enjoyed uninterrupted brotherly attachment, wished to lie near each other in their final rest. Newhall, Dr. Horatio. Dr. Newhall was born in Lynn, on the 28th of August, 1798, and was a lineal descendant of one of the first settlers. His mother was Lucy, a daughter of Col. John Mansfield, who was commander of the Lynn regiment at the time the Revolution broke out. He fitted for college, at Lynn Academy, partly under the tuition of Samuel Newell, who, with his wife Harriet, afterwards became so famous for their missionary labors in India, and partly under Solomon S. Whipple, subsequently a lawyer in Salem. He entered Harvard College on his birthday, the 28th of Au- gust, 1813 ; and in his class were some whose names will long remain conspicuous among the famous of our land ; among them George Bancroft the historian, Caleb Gushing the jurist and statesman, Rev. Dr. Tyng the divine, and Judge Emerson. He graduated with honor, and soon applied himself to the study of medicine, taking his degree in 1821. There had at that time been an emigration of a number of families from Boston and its vicinity to the then new State of Illinois ; and being in want of a reliable physician, they applied to that distinguished professor of the theory and pra6lice of medicine. Dr. James Jackson, for the seledlion of one ; and he cordially recommended Dr. Newhall, who very soon after, with his letters of introdu6lion, commenced the long and toilsome journey towards the western border of civilization, animated by youthful ardor and manly determination. He reached the then little French village of St. Louis in just one month, after travelling day and night. His place of destina- tion lay some fifty miles beyond, and how to reach it was a serious question, there being no public conveyance, and hardly a possibility of securing a wheeled carriage of any kind. However, he finally succeeded in obtaining a French pony and a sort of i82 Biographical Sketches. Ncwhall. light wagon. And thus equipped he set forth with the phthisical apprentice of a friendly shoemaker as a guide and companion, and by whom the travelling equipage was to be returned. Dur- ing the first day they got lost on the prairie, but at night reached a log hut, where they were hospitably entertained by the prt)pri- etor, whose name was Mather, and who proved to be a lineal descendant of Cotton Mather the celebrated New England divine. The ne.xt day they continued their journey over prairie lands in splendid floral garniture, it being the eighth of June. They also saw herds of deer roaming in every direcftion. The young dod^or was so inspired by the romance and beauty of the scene that he shouted and capered till his poor companion was seized with amazement and fears that he had become suddenly distracted. In the afternoon he arrived at the border of the prairie, where were a few settlers. There he dismissed his companion with good advice as to the treatment of the oppressive disease under which he was suftering, and began to administer to his first regular patient. At Greenville, in liond county, he immediately opened an office, and soon found himself in a practice extending over all the adjacent counties. He was in no sense given to idleness; and besides being very industrious in his profession, was adtive in public affairs, working diligently to promote the prosi>erity of his new home. In benevolent enterprises he took an unwea- ried interest ; and it may safely be said that to him are attribu- table the foundation and success of some of the most worthy institutions that have proved such blessings to the great West. And he was a man who never despised small beginnings. In March, 1825, the first Sunday school in liond county, and the second in the state, was established through his efiorts, and of it he was the first suix;rintcndent. It was at about that ixrriod, too, that he, together with a few other kindred spirits, succeeded in establishing a Bible Society, and one in aid of Domestic Missions. In 1827 Dr. Newhall removed from Greenville into the midst of the Indian country to the mining region. He arrived at the site of Galena, on the 31st of March, having occupied twenty-six days in the tedious and dangerous journey from St. Louis. For a short time he turned his attention to mining; but in 1828 Biographical Sketches. NewJiall. 183 resumed his medical pra6lice, as more congenial. In 1830, he was stationed at Fort Winnebago, as an ading surgeon in the United States army. But in 1832 he returned to Galena and again went into pra6lice there, and in the Black Hawk war, had sole control of a general hospital. The Asiatic cholera, during its devastating march over the country, a couple of years later, proved a great scourge to this region ; and when General Scott removed his head quarters from Galena to Rock Island, he wrote to Dr. Newhall, beseeching him to come to the latter place and exercise his skill in the endeavor to arrest the progress of the pestilence. It fortunately happened that he had made the disease a matter of careful investigation, and was able to render very efficient service. During the civil war he did his utmost for the Union cause, though his advanced age was an impediment to his a6live parti- cipation in the stirring scenes of the field. In 1861 he was appointed physician of the United States Marine Hospital, at Galena, and continued to perform the duties till the institution was closed, in 1866. The first newspaper published north of the Illinois river — the "Miners' Journal," commenced in 1827 — was edited by him. And the Galena Advertiser, first issued in 1829, was likewise under his editorial charge. Having secured a comfortable home in the West, he became solicitous to share the blessing with a conjugal companion, and accordingly, in 1830, married Elizabeth P. P. Bates, a daughter of Moses Bates, of Richmond, Va. She was a superior woman ; of large and cultivated mind and amiable disposition. The union was a most happy one, and continued till 1848, when death deprived him of her endeared society. They had three sons and three daughters, all of whom survived their father. The religious element was marked in the character of Dr. Newhall from an early age. In 1835 he joined the First Pres- byterian Church of Galena ; some eight years afterwards was chosen an elder, and continued in the office during the remainder of his life. From his extensive correspondence many papers of exceeding interest might be sele6ted. But we are compelled to be chary of our space. The following letter to an old college class-mate, 184 Biographical Sketches. Ncwhall. however, which it will be observed was written but a few years before his death, contains such points of interest as will fully justify its insertion : Galena, Jl'ly 8th, 1S63. Col. Jama W. Saxifr, Boston: Dear Sir : Vour note inviting mc to meet the sur\iving members of the Class of 1817, at the Revere House, on thf 14th inst. is received. Absence from home must Ix- my excuse fur not answering it at an earlier day. I could not realize that a half century had elapsed since we entered college, until I reflected upon the vast stride our country has made in its wealth and population during that period. Since I l)ccame a resident of Illinois the population of the State has increased from fifty thousand to two millions and a half. Then, I was on the frontier of civilization ; now, my oldest son is a citizen of a .State, two thousand miles farther West. It is only twenty-five years since I hired a Sioux guide to conduct mc to Carver's cave in a wilderness where now is the beautiful city of St. Paul, the capital of Minnesota. Thirty-three years ago, when I was stationed as surgeon at Fort Winnebago, I passed through an Indian encampment of twent\-fivc hundred Winnebagoes on the Four I^kes, where now is Madison, the seat of government of Wisconsin ; and I have just returned from commencement at Beloit college, of which institution I am a trustee. Thirty years since it was the hunting ground of the Winncbagixs. Ixss than forty years have pas.sed since this city (Galena) was the favorite dwelling place of the Sacks and Foxes, and to-day we are celebrating the brilliant victories of our townsman, Cieneral Grant, the great Captain of the .igc. If I have l>cen the means of aiding in moulding public opinion in this part of our beloved country, I owe it, in a great degree, to the education 1 received at old Har- vard. I should rejoice to meet my «)ld class-mates on the 14th inst., but cannot leave home at that time on account of the situation of my family. Give my fraternal regards to those who may l)c present and believe mc to l>e Truly and Sincerely Yours, H. Newhalu Dr. Newhall died on Monday, Scptctnhcr ly, 1870. "Three days after," says the record of an aficdtionate friend, " we were present at the fnneral which took place from the family residence. There were many, very many stricken hearts on that solemn occasion overshadowed with the gloom of the death presence. A large concourse of relatives, friends, neighbors and acquaint- ances assembled to express their sympathy with the living and their reverence for the deatj. The room and cofhn were profusely decorated with choicest flowers tastefully arranged. It was fitting ; he loved them in life ; and in the fulness of life above, he no doubt was enjoying the sweetness and beauty of those that bloom fadelessly in paradise — the garden of blessedness. '* When at four o'clock on the 22d of September we aftection- ately and sorrowfully committed his remains to the earth — dust to its kindred dust — we could not but feel, that, for his body, worn out in the service uf duty, there was to be a glorious awak- Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 185 ening and renewal by the Master, who said, ' I am the resurrec- tion and the hfe ; ' and there was deep solace in the Voice from heaven, saying write, ' Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord,' " Encircled in a garland of delicate flowers and green foliage was a miniature sheaf of ripe wheat lying upon the coffin which contained the inanimate form of the departed saint. The design was appropriate and significant : ' Thou shalt come to thy grave in full age, like as a shock of corn cometh in his season.' " Newhall, Isaac, of Mall street. By referring to page 540 of the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, the reader will find a notice of this individual, who was a native of the place, and estab- lished something of a literary reputation by his letters on Junius. It is hardly probable that he anticipated the rank his little work was destined to attain so soon after he had ceased to be moved by anything the world could say of it or of him. The writer well remembers that when the volume appeared, in 183 1, it was somewhat talked about, but probably not many copies were circu- lated in Lynn. The truth is, it was upon a subjeft concerning which very few in our community knew much, and to most of those few it had little interest. It was to the learned class of statesmen and politicians, rather than to the mere partisan, that it commended itself But yet a sort of romantic interest attended its advent, it being so unaccountable that a man of Mr. Newhall's hum-drum vocation, could, while pursuing his daily routine, be pondering on themes that agitated the minds of a Burke and an Eldon. In an address delivered by Hon. Charles W. Upham, of Salem, before the Essex Institute, in 1868, appeared a warm recognition of the success of Mr. Newhall, and interwoven were graphic allu- sions to his personal traits, habits, and pursuits. Said the speaker : " Behind the counter of a retail store on Essex street, [Salem] was to be found a person pursuing the daily routine of a most unpretentious life, apparently thinking of nothing else than the accommodation of customers, in the exhibition of his stock, and measuring out, by the yard, linen, cotton, ribbons, and tape. He was apparently beyond middle life, of a mild and courteous demeanor, quiet, and of few words. There was, it is true, in his mien and manners, a combined gentleness and dignity, that 1 86 Biographical Sketches. Newftali. marked him as differing from the common run of men, but nothing to indicate the tenor of his peculiar mental occupations. The leisure hours of that man were employed in patient, minute, comprehensive and far-reaching researches in books, quarterly journals, magazines and political documents, guided by a culti- vated taste, keen discrimination, familiarity with the best models of style and thought, and intimate acquaintance with the bio- graphical details of all the prominent public charaflers of Eng- land, and their personal, family, and party relations to each other, that enabled him to grapple with a subject that was engrossing anil defying the ingenuity of them all, and thereby to place himself as a jxier among the literati of his day." Mr. Newhall was not in any marked degree successful in life, as most people estimate success ; that is, he did not become rich ; but he lived in comfort, maintained a respeclable position, and died in peace, at the old family mansion, on Mall street, in which he was born, and which has since been removed to give place for the fine modern dwelling of Mr. John T. Mojiton. He was an elder brother of Dr. Horatio Xewhall, a sketch of whom has just been given, was born on 24th of August, 1782, and died on the 6th of July, 1858. Newhall, Isaac, of Marianna street. Mr. Newhall died at his picturesque residence near the eastern border of the city, on the 22d of February, 1879, at the age of 65 years. He was a native of Lynn, and a diredl descendant from one of the first settlers ; was a man of great decision of chara6ler and uncom- promising integrity ; adlivc in business and public enterprises ; not easily diverted from any course deliberately adopted, nor over-patient with those who undertook to thwart his plans ; was faithful to friends, and no time-server or selfish cringer. He loved to retire from the unsatisfying turmoil of business to his rural estate upon our eastern highlands, where he possessed many acres which he had brought from a rough and unproduc- tive condition into rich bearing, there to enjoy the society of his affcdlionate family, and social intercourse with friends and neigh- bors. He was not much in public office, though he served as an Alderman, in 1851, and again in 1873. In his religious views he was liberal. Though of Quaker parentage, he in early life Biographical Sketches. Ncwhall. 187 became attached to the Unitarian denomination. But in after years, with his family ,he worshiped with the Methodists. By his own request, however, his remains were buried from the Friends' meeting-house, and the funeral services were attended by a large number of business men, as well as relatives and friends. For several years he suffered greatly from severe neuralgic attacks, which he bore with great fortitude, and for the relief of which he submitted to dangerous surgical operations. He made very free use of tobacco, insomuch that at one period of his life he was commonly spoken of as always appearing with a cigar in his mouth. Whether this habit occasioned or aggravated his terrible disease, was never, so far as the writer knows, determined. Mr. Newhall was twice married, and left a widow and several children. An elder brother of his — John Bailey Newhall — was possessed of an observing mind and roving disposition, and had he lived no doubt would have made a mark in the literary world. It is not derogatory to compare him to Bayard Taylor. They were about equally educated, and commenced their travels a-foot not far from the same time ; and their letters were similarly interesting and graphic in style. As it was, though he died young he gave some attradlive ledlures about the Indians with whom he fraternized during his rovings beyond the western fron- tier ; and his epistolary accounts of pedestrian rambles in Europe were much read. Newhall, Jacob — landlord of the famous tavern on the Boston road, in revolutionary times. He was born May 3, 1740, and died June 18, 18 16. For biographical notice see History of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 494. Newhall, James R. — was born on Christmas day, 1809, in the old Richard Haven house, afterwards known as the Hart house, which stood on Boston street, corner of North Federal, till 1876, when, at the dawn of the great Centennial Day, July 4, it " ascended up " in a patriotic blaze. For biographical notice and portrait see Centennial Memorial. Newhall, Joseph, mentioned on page 484 of the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, was a man of considerable note in the 1 88 Biographical Sketches. Ncwhall. town, and much respecfted. In 1696, the town granted him liberty to " sett up a pewe in y' east end of y' meeting house Between y« east dowre & the stares ; prouided itt does nott prejudice the going up y' stares into y' gallery, & maintains so much of the glas window as is against s'' pewe." He was a member of the General Court, and died while in office. And in this connection it may be remarked that the pay of Representa- tives and indeed of all public officers, was at a rate that did not encourage that degree of hankering fur official position so lament- ably prevalent in our time. Upon the records is found this item of account with Mr. Newhall : " Dec. 1706 to his serucing a Representative at the generall court in the year 1705, untill his death, ^6 days at 3* per day — \\£ 8* o''." True, the value of money was at that time very different from what it is at present ; but the difference was not sufficient to make office the matter of anxious seeking that it now is. Mr. Newhall perished while on his way from Boston to Lynn, in a great snow storm, in January, 1705-6. His grave-stone is in the Old Burying Ground, near the western wall ; it gives his age as 47, and his title as Ensign. He had eleven children, all of whom survived him. Newhall, Joslah — a prominent and public spirited citizen — born January 17, 1790, died November 7, 1842. His residence was at the cast end of the Common. For biographical notice see History of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 533. Nkwhall, Gen. Josl\h. General Newhall was born in Lynn, in the district now constituting Lynnffeld, on the 6th of June, 1794, and was a lineal descendant from Thomas, the early settler. His long and acftive life closed on the 26th of December, 1879. During several years of his earlier manhood he followed the profession of teaching but as time advanced retired to the more congenial employment of agriculture. He however retained his love for study, and became quite proficient in some branches, his attainments bearing his fame even to the other side of the Atlan- tic, where, in 1876, he received the honor of being elected a fellow of the Royal Historical Society of Groat Britain. He served in the war of 1812, and was afterwards much interested Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 189 in military affairs, attaining the rank of Brigadier General in the Massachusetts Militia. When General Lafayette reviewed the troops on Boston Common, during his visit to America, in 1824, he was present in command of a regiment. Lynnfield was incorporated as a separate town, in 18 14, and General Newhall was her first Representative in the General Court. He served also in 1826 and '27, and again in 1848. In the administration of President Jackson, he held an office in the Boston Custom House. He also at different times filled impor- tant local offices. But his most congenial and satisfying resort was the honorable occupation of farmer and horticulturist. There, the results of his experiments and suggestions were often of much value. He was kind-hearted, genial in manners, and ever ready to lend a helping hand to the deserving who needed assistance. The last time the writer had the pleasure of meeting him, was on the occasion of the celebration of the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement of Lynn, June 17, 1879. He seemed greatly to enjoy the proceedings, and as the open carriage in which he sat moved along in the procession, on that pleasant forenoon, was in fine spirits and highly interested in observing the many evidences of thrift and improvement. His wife was Rachel C, a daughter of Timothy Bancroft, and they were the parents of nine children, only two of whom sur- vived him. Newhall, Thomas and Anthony. These two individuals, who were among the earliest settlers of Lynn, were brothers ; and the first white child born within our borders was a son of the former, who, at his baptism, which took place immediately after the arrival of Rev. Mr. Bachelor, received the name of Thomas, a name which seems to have been a favorite in the family as far back as it can be traced. In the 1865 edition of our History of Lynn may be found such genealogical references as will enable many of the line living at this day, to trace their kinship. Dr. James A. Emmerton and Henry F. Waters, Esq., of Salem, a few years since, in their researches in the old country, found in the English archieves, the will of Thomas Newhall, dated in 1498, and proved April 22, 1499; ^"'^ ixova that testator, it is concluded, the Newhalls of Lynn descended. The will is in IQO Biographical Sketches. Ncwhall. Latin, and names the testator's brother Hugo, his daughters Margaret and Elizabeth, and other females, who may have been married daughters. It also names William, Stephen, and Thomas NeA'hall. To the latter, one cow is bequeathed. The executors nominated are, " Thomas Newhall and Hmmota my wife." That the testator was a devout churchman is indicated by this bequest : " My soul to God, the blessed Mary and all the saints, and my body to be buried in the chapel of Witton." And to the " Abbat and Convent of the Blessed Mary of Vale Royal, 5 marcas," are given. If the worthy old yeoman could have anticipated the extent to which his New England descendants would have swerved from the faith he cherished, it is feared that he would not have left the world in a particularly serene state of mind. Oliver Cromwell seems to have been the owner of a manor called Newhall ; and indeed the writer remembers to have seen the names " Croumwell " and Newhall in some way conne(fted far back in English history. But the Prote(5\or, finding the possession yielding but little, or perhaps being pushed for means, in 1656 expressed a desire to dispose of the estate. The following letter to his son-in-law, a photographic copy of which is in the Mint Museum, at Philadelphia, is upon the subjccf^ : " Sonn , you knowe there hath often bcene a desire to sell New-hall, because in these 4 years past it hath yielded very little or noe proffit att all, nor ever did I heare you ever liked it for a seate. It seems there may be a chapman had whoe will give iS.cxx)/. it shall be either laycd out where you shall desire, at M' Wallop's or elsewhere and the monic put into Spoffer's hands in trust to be soe disposed or I shall settle Burleigh w«^h yields me 1260 to 1300Z. besides the woods. Waterhouse will give you further information. I rest y' lovinge ffather Oliver, P. " My love to y' father and mother and your dear wife. May 29, 1656." There has been a question whether the names Newhall and Newell were originally identical. Many have contended that they were not ; yet there is a will of Thomas Newr//, proved 24 September, 1529, which mentions the testator's sister Margaret New//a//. Must not this same Thomas Newell have been the son and executor of the Thomas Newhall before named, for we see that he had a sister Margaret } If the names were originally Biographical Sketches. Ncwhall. 191 separate, it is quite certain that they were, sometimes used inter- changeably, perhaps through ignorance, for it is not too much to admit that in the course of generations there may have been even, in that brilliant family, an individual or two who might ignorantly toy with the name. In " Traditions of Edinburgh," by Robert Chambers, it is mentioned that Sir Walter Pringle was raised to the bench in 1718, and called " Lord Newhall." In Copp's Hill burying ground, Boston, is a grave-stone bear-' ing this inscription : Here lies buried the Body of Nathaniel Newel Aged 73 years deed Nov ye 29 1731 And upon another stone, in the same burial place is this ; Here lyes Buried the Body of Nathanael Newell Junr aged 26 years 10 mo & 15 days deed April ye 24th 1717 Now these persons were, without doubt, a grandson and great- grandson of Anthony Newhall, who so early settled in Lynn. Nathaniel the elder, who died in 1731 was born in Lynn, in 1658, and his son was born here, June 11, 1690; these dates appear on the records, and clearly identify the persons, as the family is known to have removed to Boston, in or about 1691, and occupied a house in the vicinity of Copp's Hill. Yet it will be noticed that on the grave-stone of the elder, the name is spelled Newel, and on that of the younger Newell. And, more- over, the christian names are spelled differently ; all which may be attributable to the ignorance or carelessness of the stone-cutter, in connexion with the fa6t that even then not much importance was attached to uniformity in spelling. It will be observed that Nathaniel, jr. died young, but he left a widow. His father was a ship-carpenter, and evidently a man of means and good characSler. In our notice of Nathaniel Handford, page 142, for whom he received his baptismal name, there appears evidence that great confidence was reposed in him. Having alluded to the favor with which the baptismal name Thomas has been regarded in the family as far back as the line can readily be traced it may be mentioned that among those now bearing it is Thomas A. Neivhall, of Philadelphia, a native of Salem, Mass., a son of Gilbert, and grandson of Col. Ezra, 192 Biographical Sketches. NcivhaU. of the Revolution. He went to Philadelphia, in 1830, a lad of si.xtcen years, having previously served for a while in the ofTice of Dana, Fenno and Bolles, money and note brokers, in State street, Boston. In due time, by assiduity and business capacity, he became prosperously established in the home of his adoption, and yet remains there, enjoying the fruit of his industry and the respedl of an appreciative community. He is father of one daughter and the patriarchal number of ten sons, several of the latter being established in honorable business around him. Capt. Walter S. Ncwhall, a commander in the Third Regiment of Penn- sylvania Volunteer Cavalry, during the civil war, and who lost his life in the ser\'ice, was one of his sons, and one of six brothers who were in the army at the same time, receiving high commen- dation for the spirit and discretion with which they discharged their perilous duties. Lieut. Col. Frederic C. Newhall, another son, was Assistant Adjutant General on the staff of Lieutenant General Sheridan, and served during the entire war, from the fall of 1 86 1, when he entered the army as a Lieutenant, till mustered out, at New Orleans, in 186$. This latter is the author of the volume entitled " With General Sheridan in Lee's Last Cam- paign " — a work forming one of the most valuable contributions to the literature of the war. His graphic description of the expi- ring throes of the Confederate army are almost pathetic. During Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, six of the brothers were at the front ; and the youngest, Charles, being at the Agricultural School, in Centre county, wrote to his father that as there was not time to wait for an answer to his request for permission to "join the other boys," he should go, "knowing it would be all right." Several of the brothers are well-known as among the best American players of the good old English game of cricket, which is still held in high esteem in and about Philadelphia and New York. In view of the facls stated regarding the family of Mr. Thomas A. Newhall, and others of the surname spoken of in this volume, it will be seen that some of the transplanted Ncwhalls of the old Lynn stock, have so condu(5ted as to reflect enduring honor on the name, however delinquent we of the indigenous branches have remained. For many years our Philadelphia friend has taken much inter- Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 193 est in our family history, and for what he has done deserves the thanks of the entire brotherhood. • He was, as just remarked, a grandson of Col. Ezra of the Revolution — the latter being a great-great-grandson of Thomas, the first of European parentage born here. He, Col. Ezra, was Captain of the Lynn Minute Men at the opening of the Revolution, but in consequence of the delay of Col. Pickering from Salem was not present at the battle of Lexington. Nor was he present at the battle of Bunker Hill, as he was attached to Col. Mansfield's regiment, as senior Captain. Col. Mansfield, it will be borne in mind, was cashiered for " remisness and backwardness in the execution of duty," on that memorable occasion. Col. Ezra, in earlier life, was an ofilicer in the French war,, under Col. Ruggles. Subsequent to the battle of Bunker Hill, he was Major, then Lieutenant Colonel in Colonel Putnam's Fifth Massachusetts Regiment,, and so continued to the end of the war. He was twice married,. His first wife was Sarah Fuller, of Lynn, and his second, Elsie- Breed, also of Lynn. After the establishment of peace, in 1783,. he removed to Salem, purchased an estate on Essex street, and. there resided till his death, which took place on Fast day, April. 5, 1798, at the age of 66 years. He has always been spoken of as a brave and prudent officer, and a worthy and beloved/ citizen. There is abundant evidence that while in the army he was very popular with his companions in arms. While the regiment was encamped at Winter Hill, some dissatisfa6lion was manifested concerning the rank of the captains and other officers,, as they stood on the brigade major's books. The captains there- fore, on the 27th of August, 1775, held a meeting and voted to "settle the rank of officers by lot, and abide thereby;" at the same time voting that Captain Ezra Newhall should rank as first Captain. It may be mentioned in this connexion, that Mr. Charles L. Newhall, of Southbridge, Mass., a few years ago undertook the preparation of a genealogy of the Newhall family and colle6led. a considerable amount of material, but from some cause was led: to abandon his enterprise, and Mr. Thomas A. Newhall, of whom; we have been speaking, took measures to have the materials thus collefted placed in the hands of Henry F. Waters, Esq. of Salem, who diligently followed up the researches, corredling 13 194 Biographical Sketches. Nye. Oliver. errors and adding new matter, till a very satisfaflory result has been reached , and the wholei will undoubtedly soon appear in print, some portions having been already given to the public among the historical papers of the Essex Institute. The will of Anthony Newhall, who died in Lynn. January 31, 1656, mentions his son John and grandchildren Richard and Elizabeth Hood. His house was on the east side of Federal street. Nye, Dr. James M. — a reputable physician and scientist. He died April 21, 1872, aged 53 years. See Annals, 1872. Oliver, Stephen. Mr. Oliver died at his residence on Blos- som street, March 15, 1875, at the mature age of 89 years. He passed a busy and useful life, and under the old town government was much in public office. Being an attive politician, and full of interest in passing events, and withal a ready and racy writer on current local affairs, he exercised considerable influence. During the earlier years of the anti-masonic excitement he was a stalwart advocate of the cause ; was one of the most pungent writers in the old Lynn Record ; and was a delegate to the national anti-masonic convention, at Baltimore, which in 1831 nominated William Wirt for the presidency. His zeal in the cause seemed sometimes to outrun his discretion, till it rather suddenly waned, and he became a warm adherent of the whig party. He strongly advocated the re-chartering of the United States Bank. In 1836 and 1840 he was a member of the State Senate ; and for a short time, under President Harrison, post- master. Being diligent and on the whole — though he had "ups and downs" — successful in business, he provided well for a large family, engaging at different periods in various occupa- tions, but chiefly in the retail dry goods and shoe-manufacturing lines. In one of so much versatility it could hardly be expected that literary aspirations would remain altogether dormant ; and hence, in addition to his political newspai>er writings, which, by the way, were usually timely and telling, he sometimes appeared as an essayist or lecturer ; and in all his productions there was a vein of good sense and good nature that secured attention. In Biographical Sketches. Parker. Parsons. 195 verse, too, he occasionally beamed forth, one or two of his pro- du6lions eliciting favorable comment ; but generally his efforts at versification did not extend beyond the newspaper advertise- ment, where, being stimulated by the exigencies of trade, he was quite felicitous, entirely out-doing a neighbor of his, who, being a sort of rival in business, thought it meet to attempt to rival him in the poetic arena. Under some circumstances, there can be hardly a doubt, Mr. Oliver would have become conspicuous in a field far more exten- sive than the county of his birth. He was ready with tongue as well as pen ; not lacking in assurance, shrewd and discriminating, though perhaps a little too uncompromising as a partisan. In person he possessed some noticeable features, was well-pro- portioned, and bore the marks of a firm and healthy constitution. His residence was for a long time on South Common street, the site being that afterwards occupied by the mansion of his son Stephen, and later still by St. Stephen's Memorial Church. He was of Quaker parentage, but on his marriage, which was "out of the meeting," was disowned, though he continued to worship with the society. Six sons and one daughter, of his nine children, survived him. Parker, Thomas — lineal ancestor of Rev. Theodore Parker. His autograph is among those appended to the Armitage Petition, page 106. He removed to Reading. See Annals, 1635. Parsons, Rev. Obadiah. Mr. Parsons was minister of the First Parish some eight years, having been installed February 4, 1785. He preached in the house known as the Old Tunnel ; and it was during his pastorate that the parsonage was erefted, though there were "parsonage lands," so called, before that period. The parsonage occupied the site now forming the south- east corner of South Common and Commercial streets, the last named street having been opened in 1832, at which time the house was removed to its present location, at the south-west corner of Commercial and Neptune streets. Mr. Parsons was a man given to such irregularities and indul- gencies, as was charged, that the spiritual condition of the parish during his pastorate, was at a low ebb. Grave suspicions were 196 Biographical Sketch f.s. Patch. Perkins. Pcrlcy. afloat, touching his moral charader, even before his settlement, and while here, some things occurred calculated rather to confirm than remove the suspicions. He was, at least, a man of such convivial habits as in our day would be likely to exclude one from the ministry ; but then it was a time when such habits were indulged in by preachers as well as people. And an apt illustration of the prevailing custom occurred at the time of the ercftion of the parsonage, just referred to, a work in which Mr. Parsons took a lively interest. The story is, that a number of the parishioners of small means were surprisingly liberal in the amounts they subscribed in furtherance of the good objed, though it was understood that their otTerings would be received in the form of labor upon the premises, at a fixed price per day. The work went bravely on. The contributors were highly applauded for their generosity, and the building committee praised for their liberality in arranging with a neighboring retailer for a supply of " refreshments," as they might be called for. Cheerily and rapidly the work progressed to completion. And then — when the accounts were brought together, the contracting parties were astonished to find that the retailer's score for rum alone exceeded in amount all that class of subscriptions ; to say nothing of the other " refreshments " in the shape of crackers and salt-fish. See Annals, 1792. Patch, Charles F. Mr. Patch died on the 24th of January, 1873, after a sickness of three days, aged 27 years, leaving a widow but no children. He was a son of Joshua Patch, who was long engaged in the lumber business here. The deceased was a young man of much prt)mise, had been a member of the Common Council, and at the time of his death was on the second year of his ser\'ice as City Treasurer. He was a freemason, and several lodges of the order attended his burial. Pi:rkins, Dr. John, of Lynnfield — an eminent physician and learned writer. He died in 1780, aged 85. See Annals, 1780. Perlev, Dr. Daniel — a skillful physician and much esteemed citizen. He died at his residence on Breed street, January 31, 1 88 1, aged TJ. See Annals, 1881. Biographical Sketches. Phillips, Picrson. 197 Phillips, George W., of Saugus, a brother of the "silver tongued " orator, Wendell Phillips, and a lawyer of high standing. He died July 30, 1880, aged 70. See Annals, 1880. Pierson, Rev. Abraham — a profound scholar, and father of the first president of Yale College. By reference to our An- nals under date 1640, it will be seen that some doubt was enter- tained as to the place of residence of this individual. But it appears by both Savage and Sprague that he must have lived here ; or at least that his son Abraham, the college president, was born here in 1641. The chair in which president Pierson was accustomed to sit is still preserved among the college treas- ures, and a picture of it may be seen in Harper's Magazine, volume 17, page 2. There is no doubt that the church composed of Long Island emigrants, was formed at Lynn, in November, 1640, and that Mr. Pierson, the elder, was at the same time installed as its minister, the celebrated Hugh Peters taking part in the exercises. He appears to have come from Yorkshire, to have graduated at the University of Cambridge, and to have preached for a time in England under Episcopal ordination. He graduated in 1632 and arrived in New England in 1639, ^^^d hence could have been here but a short time before leaving for Long Island. That he was rigidly set, like many others of the early New England clergy, in his views touching ecclesiastical authority, maintaining that none but church members should be allowed to vote or hold civil office, is quite apparent. And it is likewise apparent that he was regarded by his cotemporaries as a man of high characSler and great usefulness. Mather says, "wherever he came, he shone;" adding that "he left behind the charafter of a pious and prudent man and a true child of Abraham now lodged in Abraham's bosom." No doubt his influence was large in establishing some of the stalwart principles that long prevailed in the eastern seftion of Long Island and the neighboring Connefticut colonies, and which were figured forth in that imaginary but hardly exaggerated code known as the Blue Laws. The orders against drunkenness, lying, and kindred vices went quite beyond the conceptions of the most zealous reformers of our day. And the higher offences — of which even a suspicion was not to escape — were so signally dealt with that 198 Biographical Sketches. Pitcher. Prankcr. Pratt. the severity of the punishment attached, sometimes operated as a virtual repeal ; for the magistrates could not always find it in their hearts to reje6t defences of a very doubtful nature, rather than impose the penalty that must follow conviction. For in- stance, one John Kelley, a carpenter, was complained of for endeavoring to enter into a supplementary matrimonial connec- tion, declaring his wife was dead. It appeared on the trial that she was not dead ; but he defended against the original charge in some befoging way, and against the additional one of lying, by main- taining that his meaning was that his wife was dead in trespasses and sin. It is not intended to connect Mr. Pierson with any absurd or farcical proceeding, but to present a sort of by-way illustration. See Annals, 1640. Pitcher, Makv — better known as Moll Pitcher, the fortune- teller. Her residence was on Essex street, opposite Pearl, and she died April 9. 1813, aged 75 years. Sec Annals, 1813. A fac-similc of her signature is here given. Sla rj-^itok^ PuMPKY — an African prince, stolen, brought hither and sold as a slave. See Annals, 1780. PoQUANUM — Indian sachem of Nahant. See 1865 edition of History of Lynn, page 40. Pranker, Kdwarp, a woolen manufacturer, and proprietor of the mill bearing his name near the site of the ancient iron works, in Saugus. He died August 14, 1865, aged 71 years. See Annals. 1865. Pkatt, Micajah C. Mr. Pratt was for many years a prom- inent citizen, was a native of Lynn, and died on the 28th of Jan- uary, 1866. aged 74 years. For the whole of his business life, which commenced as early as 1812, he was a shoe-manufacturer, struggling along during the protracted period when trade was depressed, by industry and carefulness sustaining his position, and gathering the experience which when better times dawned Biographical Sketches. Pratt. 199 led on to fortune. He continued in business forty years, manu- fa6turing the various kinds of shoes in demand for the southern and western markets, and at one period employing between four hundred and five hundred operatives, turning out some two hundred and forty thousand pairs a year, which was a very large business for a time before machinery had to much extent been introduced in the business. Being a member of the society of Friends, he was but little in public life, though he held some positions of responsibility, where his integrity and business capacity appeared conspicuous. He was a6live in promoting the usefulness of the Institution for Savings, established in 1826 ; was president of the First National Bank of Lynn, and of the Lynn Fire and Marine Insurance Company. His manners were genial and his tendencies benev- olent and social. On the 26th of November, 181 2, he married Theodate B. Brown, and by her had six children. His second wife, whom he married late in life, was Abby Newhall, by whom he had no children. His residence was on the north side of Broad street, a little east of Silsbee. Pratt, Sidney Bowne. Among the liberal and unassuming sons of Lynn may surely be reckoned this one. He was a son of James Pratt, who died in 1832, and who was a prominent shoe-manufa6lurer. The subje6l of this notice was born on the 14th of May, 1 8 14, and died on the 29th of January, 1869. About the time of the opening of the Eastern Rail-road, in 1839, ^^ engaged in the express business, and by faithfulness and assiduity soon found himself on the high road of success, and continued on, till the time of his death, always possessing the confidence of the public. He was at the head of the well-known firm of Pratt and Babb. His manners were affable, and his disposition to accommodate unvarying. Indeed he seemed to possess just those elements of chara6ler which are best calculated to ensure success in any business ; and he was certainly successful in that which he chose. He was successful, too, in gaining an enduring name, by his liberal bequest to the Free Public Library, the first gift of the kind received by that institution, the amount being ^10.000. His funeral took place from the Friends' meet- 200 Biographical Sketches. Pitrchis. ing-house, on Silsbce street, and was attended by the Mayor and other members of the city government, and a large concourse of relatives and fellow-townsmen. He was never married. In the Public Library a very good likeness of him is preserved. PuRCHis, Oliver. The fame of Mr. Purchis extended far beyond our municipal limits. He was a man possessed of strong points of charader, undoubted patriotism, and a pertinacity that sometimes might well be called obstinacy. During the Andros administration his energetic course in baffling the unwarrantable demands of the Governor and his unscrupulous Secretary, no doubt saved the town from loss and mortification, and received well-merited applause. His position as Town Clerk, at that trying period, afforded opportunities for the display of patriotic zeal and hatred of oppression well fitted to his temper. He came as early as 1635, and in his official capacity is named as a grantee in the Indian Deed of Lynn. For some ten years he was a Representative in the General Court ; was agent of the iron company, and somewhat of a military character, though he was not a particularly bright star in the latter sphere, liut his long and useful life appears to have ended in poverty and distress. On the Council records, June 19, 1701, is found this entry: "A resolve was sent up from the Representatives in the words following, viz' : ' Whereas, M' Oliver Purchase, an ancient public servant in the government is fallen to decay and become very indigent and necessitous, not having whereof to subsist now in his age, and being rendered incapable of labour :* Resolved, That in consideration of the good ser\ice done by s** Oliver Purchase, he be allowed the sum of Ten pounds out of the public Treasury of this province for his necessary support.' — Which resolve being read at the Hoard was concurred with and his Honour the Lieut. Gov. gave his consent unto and signed the same." But the poor man, " deceasing before he had received s** gratuity," it was resolved by the Council and House of Representatives, " That the aforesaid sum of ten pounds be paid out of the public treasury of this Province to M' William Wilson of Concord, to be by him delivered to M" Sarah Purchis, widow, relidl of said Oliver Purchis." It was in 169 1 that Mr. Purchis removed from Lynn to Concord, where he died in 1701, aged 88 years. See Annals Biographical Sketches. RamsdelL Rhodes. 201 of early dates for many fa6ls concerning him. A fac-simile of his signature is here given. {M^z4^ ^v^^^ PuRCHis, Thomas — a Maine fur trader. See Annals, 1678. QuANOPKONAT — a prominent Indian resident of the territory of Lynn. See History of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 42. Ramsdell, Abednego. Mr. Ramsdell was one of the im- mortal four from Lynn, who fell at the battle of Lexington. It was said by an aged lady, that on the fatal day a woman in his neighborhood seeing him hastening along towards Lexington and being seized by an unaccountable presentiment of danger, called to him and warned him of her premonition. He bravely replied that he might be going to his death ; but it was a good cause, and he hoped by the aid of his musket to take a red-coat with him, if he fell. On he sped, and was killed immediately after reaching the battle ground. See Annals, 1775. Ramsdell, John — one of the early settlers of Lynn. He was a witness in the famous case between the Town and Thomas Dexter, concerning the ownership of Nahant. Descendants of his are yet among us. His autograph is upon the Armitage Petition, page 106. See Annals, 1630. Rhodes, Amos. Mr. Rhodes was born in Lynn, on the 24th of April, 1795, and died on the 15th of January, 1870. His father was Amos Rhodes, long a prominent business man, in the western se6lion of the town, at that time the chief business part, his dwelling being the one still standing on the east side of Fed- eral street, next south of the mill brook, which house was built by him near the beginning of the present century ; and he was the same Amos Rhodes named in the correspondence of Ebenezer Breed, given in the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, page 523 et seq. The mother of the subje6l of this notice was Eliza- beth, the eldest daughter of Rev. Obadiah Parsons. Mr. Rhodes graduated at Harvard College with the 1816 class, 202 Biographical Sketches. Rhodes. and for a few years engaged in teaching, spending a part of the time at the south. His absence, however, was of short duration. In 1817 he was preceptor of Lynn Academy. He never pre- pared himself for entering either of what are called the learned professions, choosing rather to pursue a more sequestered path of usefulness. On the organization of the Lynn Institution for Savings, he was eledled treasurer, and filled the office for more than forty years. And to his careful management, scrupulous fidelity, and unwearied vigilance, that institution is indebted for much of its early success. He was also for many years secretary of the Lynn Mechanics Fire and Marine Insurance Company. In the reading of choice books, and in the conversation and society of the intellectual and cultivated, he took unflagging delight ; and ever seemed more desirous of doing what he could to promote the mental and moral elevation of those about him, than to aid in their struggles for the acquisition of mere wealth. For twenty years — 1830 to 1850 — he ao^i^<^oy^t>2^^^-^rJ^ ^ Shepard, Rev. Jeremiah, minister of the First Parish for forty years. Shepard street takes its name from him ; also Shepard school. He died on the third of June, 1720, aged 72, See Annals, 1720. His signature is shown by this fac-simile : & Silsbee, Henry. This individual appeared in Lynn at an early period and was the founder of a family which, though not remarkable for numbers, has always been in creditable standing. Silsbee street commemorates the name. Dr. Emmerton in his Gleanings from English Records says : " The name Silsbee is one of the rarest in the records accessible at London." ..." The parish records of Olney, Bucks, dating from about 1666, gives baptisms of a Samuel Slisby's daughters after 1670. Mr. James Stowe, the affable parish clerk, told me, while I was studying 2o8 Biographical Sketches. Silshic the inscriptions on the gravestones in the churchyard, that the name had disappeared from Ohicy but still remained in neigh- boring villages. Mr. Stowe's interest in such matters was evinced by the care with which he had cleaned the inscriptions obscured by lichen and mold rather than age, for few, if any, antedated the eighteenth century. The records contain many entries of familiar Lynn names : Laughton, Collins, Townscnd, Cooper, etc. ; and though Farrington and Kyrtland had disappeared, I was more than ever inclined to the theory that Henry Silsby [the first of the name here] had removed from Salem and Ipswich to Lynn, in order to be near old country neighbors." It may be added here, that Dr. Emmerton is a native of Salem but lineally connected with the Silsbees and Newhalls of Lynn, His great-grandfather, on the maternal side, was 'Squire James Newhall, who lived in the two-story frame house still standing on the north side of Boston street a little west of Tower Hill, and opposite the end of Summer street. He, the Doc'ior, in company with Henry F. Waters, Esq., recently visited England ; and both being deeply interested in genealogical researches, discovered among the old records there, many interesting fafts, some of which have already appeared in print. Mr. Waters was a son of the late Judge Waters. It is to educated, intelligent, and appreciative gentlemen like Dr. Emmerton and Mr. Waters that the student of the past and of family history is greatly indebted. Several of the Salem branch of the Silsbee family became widely known ; among them, Hon. Nathaniel Silsbee, United States Senator. In the spelling of the name similar variations and vagaries were indulged in as in the names of other early settlers ; and hence we find Sellesby, Scylesbie, Sillsby, Silesbey, Silsby, Silsbee, Silsbye, Sylsbe, Scilsbey, Silsbe, Sillsbc, Sillsbee. Henry Silsbee, the first of the name in Lynn, probably came in 165 1, purchasing the house once occupied by Joseph Floyd, or Flud, or fflood, as the name was variously spellcdt which stood on Fayette street, a few rods south of Essex. He seems to have possessed some means, and was called a " shooemaker," but very likely followed farming most of the time, as he owned a considerable quantity of land. A grandson of his named Na- thaniel, whose father was a carpenter, residing in Salem, is tra- Biographical Sketches. Sparhawk. Stickncy. Sivctt. 209 ditionally reported to have taken the coffins in which some of the witches were buried, in 1692, to Gallows Hill, he being then a lad of about fifteen years. Dr. Emmerton has lately published " A Genealogical Account of Henry Silsbee and some of his descendants," which is or ought to be in the hands of the whole family conne61ion. Sparhawk, Rev. Nathaniel, first minister of Lynnfield Par- ish, settled in 1720. He died May 7, 1732, aged 38 years. See Annals, 1731. Stickney, Jeremiah C., a prominent lawyer in Lynn for forty years, and first City Solicitor. He died August 3, 1869, aged 64. See Annals, 1869. A fac-simile of his signature follows. SwETT, Rev. William G., fourth minister of the Unitarian society. He died January 15, 1843, aged 34. See Annals, 1843. Mr. Swett was possessed of such rare and diversified qualities that to a superficial observer it might appear that in him were assembled downright contradi6lory chara6leristics. Out of the pulpit, he was lively, overflowing with wit, and not unfrequently with jocularity. But in the pulpit, nothing approaching levity was perceptible. His discourses were scholarly, pointed, and delivered in a distindl and finely modulated voice, without sensa- tional gush or misplaced fervor. His style, indeed, was just such as is appreciated by thoughtful minds ; and it is not wonderful that so many of the more intelligent class of our people were attrafted that his church became so filled as to render it difficult for new-comers to procure eligible sittings. He was notably free from what were known as transcendental and rationalistic tendencies, and so little inclined to make prominent any pe- culiar do6lrine, that even one of broad evangelical views, as they are called, could seldom see anything to offend. His sermons hardly ever exceeded twenty minutes in the 14 210 Biographical Sketches. Szvctt. delivery ; and the writer has heard him remark that if a preacher could not enforce at least one good lesson in that space he ought to be ashamed ; and one good lesson at a time, he added, was full enough for the digestion of. most persons. His purpose manifestly was to benefit his hearers rather than to enjoy any oratorical triumphs of his own ; thus in a measure reversing the example of .some of our pyrotechnic friends in the sacred desk. He was not a mere book student, but relied chiefly on his own innate ability to interest and instruct ; and hence there was an originality, a freshness and vigor pervading what he wrote, that was remarkably telling. He had no collection that could be called a library — hardly a book of reference. We remember once hearing Rev. Dr. Peabody ask to be shown to his library for the purpose of determining some point. " Well, Doctor," said he, " I have but a poor library, and it is all here." — pointing to his head. His health was not good, and he often expressed the belief that he should not live to be old ; but he was active and much out of doors. For a good horse he had an almost scntimen'al fond- ness ; and the beautiful drives in our vicinity, held out, in pleas- ant weather, irresistible attra(5lions ; but he frequently made his own enjoyment subservient to duty, by taking out for an airing some |X)or, aged, or infirm parishioner. He had some pecuniary resources beyond his salary, and hence was able to indulge in acts of benevolence in the quiet and secret way which was his delight. He was accustomed to say that he purposed to dispense in charity an amount equal to his salary. Manv a poor widow has had dumped at her door a load of fuel, without ever knowing who the donor was. And many a jioor, sick child has received soothing delicacies without knowing whence they came, and when able to return to his play-things has wondered who brought the beautiful kaleidoscope, the Noah's ark and picture-blocks. Mr. Swett was a son of Col. Samuel Swett late of Boston, whose wife was Lucia, the only daughter of William Gray, the eminent merchant and Lieutenant Governor, and who was a native of Lynn. He, the Colonel, built for his son the house on the rise of the hill, near Essex street, which attcrwards became the residence of Mayor George Hood. But the good minister Biographical Sketches. Taylor. Tomlins. Townseiid. 211 did not live long to enjoy the place he so much admired. A year or two before his death he married Charlotte, a daughter of Col. Phinney, of Lexington, and by her had one child — a daughter. Taylor, David, for many years an extensive shoe-manufac- turer ; intelligent and enterprising. His residence was on South Common street corner of Commercial ; and there he died, Oc- tober II, 1871, aged 68. See Annals, 1871. Thacher, Rev. Thomas, seventh minister of the First Parish. He preached the afifefting sermon, in the Old Tunnel meeting- house, December 1 1, 1795, over the bodies of the eight drowned mariners, the only seaman who had escaped, standing in the aisle near the remains of his companions. Mr. Thacher died September 24, 1849, aged 78. See Annals, 181 3. Tomlins, Edward — an early and prominent settler. His autograph appears on the Armitage Petition, page 106. See Annals, 1630, and other early dates. Tomlins, Timothy, was a brother of Edward, just named. The extensive tra6l of forest and swamp land, in Lynn woods, known as Tomlins's Swamp, took its name from him. He seems to have been full of business, readily turning to some new enterprise when the old became unprofitable. In 1636 he added a " howse of intertainement " to his other industries. Li the land distribution of 1638 the town granted him eighty acres ; but that could not have been excessively liberal if he took it in land like that of the swamp now bearing his name. He was a Representative for several terms, and his autograph is among those appended to the Armitage Petition. See Annals, 1630. TowNSEND, Thomas. This early settler at one time lived in the vicinity of the iron works, though it is probable that he owned lands in different quarters. He is supposed to have come from London, was a cousin of Governor Winthrop, and could trace his lineage to a Norman nobleman who flourished near the time of the Conquest. One of his ancestors, of the same 212. Biographical Sketches. Trr^'ctt. Tudor. Tufts. baptismal name, had the honor of entertaining Queen Elizabeth in her progress through Norfolk, in August, 1578, and for loyalty and attention his wife afterwards received from Her Majesty a beautiful gilt bowl. Mr. Townsend's five children were all born in Lynn, between 1636 and 1645 ; and his widow, Mary, died of camp fever, Feb. 28, 1692. The family has always maintained a good position in 5Jew England, some individuals becoming quite noted ; but wiihin our own borders it has not been specially marked. An- drew Towsend of Lynn was wounded in the great swamp fight with the Narragansctts, December 19, 1675. And in the battle of Lexington, Daniel Townsend fell. See Annals, 1775. Charles Hervey Townsend of New Haven, Ct., a few years since pub- lished a limited Genealogy of the family, which cannot fail to interest those of the lineage. The autograph of Thomas Towns- end is conspicuous among those on the Armitage Petition, page 106. And it is to the kindness of Charles Hervey Townsend, just named, that we are indebted for the use of the engraving of the autographs. Treadwkll, Rev. John — minister of the First Parish during the Revolution, and an ardent patriot. See Annals, 1782. Trevett, Robert W. — a lawyer of considerable acquire- ments, for many years in practice here. He died January 13, 1842, aged 53 years. He was a son of the noted Captain Trevett of the U. S. navy, a native of Marblehead. See Annals, 1842. Tudor, Frederic — projector of many improvements on Na- hant, and father of the New England ice trade. He died Feb. 6, 1864, aged 80 years. Sec Annals, 1864. Tufts, Deacon Richard. Deacon Tufts was born in Lynn, and was a son of David Tufts, a corporal in the army of the Revolution, who, after the war was ended, took up the peaceful and multifarious employments of farmer, trader, and common carrier, all in a limited way. He owned and occupied a house that stood on the south-east corner of Federal street and Western avenue. The Deacon while still a young man, became conspic- Biographical Sketches. Ttmier. Usher. Vinton. .213 uous for his zeal in the cause of temperance, and through life was charadlerized by rigidity of principle and persistency in labors for the moral reformation of the community. In religion he tenaciously adhered to the Calvrnistic faith, and for many years held the office of deacon in the First Church, without reproach. And it was by the watchfulness and labors of such as he that that ancient shrine was preserved from the " liberal- ism " that has so changed the charadler of almost all the earlier churches planted by the Puritans. His son, Gardiner Tufts, was prominent in the civil war, for his efficient services in Washington and elsewhere in behalf of the Massachusetts soldiery. And since the close of the war he has acceptably filled several impor- tant public positions where skill and integrity were especially demanded. The Deacon died on the 29th of February, 1880, in the 83d year of his age. Turner, Capt. Nathaniel — a brave and trustworthy colo- nial officer, and a public chara6ter of great merit. See Annals, 1630, and other early dates. The sword which he wielded against the Indians is still preserved by the Historical Society at Hartford, Ct. It has done efficient service, too, in other hands since the Captain's time ; in the old French war and in the Revolution, A pi6lure of this formidable weapon may be seen in Harper's Magazine, volume 17, page 3. He sailed for England in January, 1647, in hopes of promoting the interests of the New Haven Colony ; but nothing was ever afterwards heard of the vessel or any one on board — unless the celebrated " Phantom Ship " which appeared olf the harbor, some months after, and in a few minutes faded away, may be taken as a ghostly representative. Usher, Roland G. — the eleventh Mayor of Lynn. For notice with portrait see Centennial Memorial. The following is a fac-simile of his autograph. Vinton, John — ancestor of the large and distinguished Ame- rican family of Vintons. See Annals, 1650. 214 BiOGRAPHicAi. Sketchks. U'aidiii. M'alkir. Washbuni. Walden, Edwin — the thirteenth Mayor of Lynn. For no- tice with portrait see Centennial Memorial. A fac-similc of his signature is here given. r\ Walker, Richard — a farmer, and military commander. See Annals, 1630 and other early dates. His autograjih is on the Armitage Petition, He lived to the great age of 95 years. Washburn, Peter T. — Governor of Vermont. Peter Thacher Washburn was born in Lynn on the seventh of September, 18 14, and was a son of Reuben P. Washburn who settled here as a lawyer, in itSi2. and married a daughter of Rev. Mr. Thacher, minister of the First Parish, her grandfather being the widely- known Dr. Peter Thacher, for many years minister of Prattle street Church, in Boston. At an early age the subject of this sketch left Lynn, with his father, who removed to Chester, Vt., afterwards to Cavendish, and thence to Ludlow, where, in i860, he died. Peter graduated at Dartmouth college, in 1835, and immediately engaged in the study of law, in his father's office. Afterwards, for a few months, he studied under United States Senator Upham, of Montpelier, and was admitted to the bar in 1838. The next year he began practice at Ludlow, where he gained a high reputation and a good business. In 1844 he removed to Woodstock, having formed a law partnership with Charles P. Marsh, which continued till his death. In the last named year he was elected by the Legislature Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Vermont, and continued in the office eight years. One excellent trait in any lawyer, or indeed in a man of any calling, it is said was possessed by Mr. Washburn in a marked degree ; and that is, a readiness to aid the oppressed. He is reputed to have been always zealous to do his utmost, without the e.xpedtation of re- ward, to protect the weak or poor when exposed to the machina- tions of the selfish and unscrupulous, who so often resort to the wearying intricacies of the law for the furtherance of their base purposes ; and who, unfortunately, can generally find enough in the profession to second their nefarious designs. Biographical Sketches. Washburn. 215 At the time of the breaking out of the civil war, he was in command of the Woodstock Light Infantry. And at the first call of the President for troops he volunteered, and soon raised a company of the full regulation standard. Early on the morning of May I, 1 86 1, with his little loyal band, he departed for the scene of war, marching from the armory to the stirring tune of Yankee Doodle. Arrived in Virginia, he soon became a6ling Colonel of the regiment of which his company formed a part. But in the fall of the same year he was called back for other important duties conne6led with the war. He was eledled Adju- tant and Inspe6lor General of the State. And that position he continued to fill till the war ended. His labors in that office were so constant and exhaustive that many thought such inroads were made upon his health that it never again became fully established. In September, 1869 he was eledled Governor of the State, by a large majority. And though he was removed by death before he had held the office many months, he had made a remarkably favorable impression. His executive ability was freely acknow- ledged by all parties ; and there was every prospeft of a more than ordinarily successful administration. At the time of his death, in addition to the Governorship he was a Trustee of the University of Vermont, a Trustee of the State Agricultural College, and President of the Woodstock Rail-road. Governor Washburn died on the 7th of February, 1870, at the age of 5 5 years, leaving a widow and three children — a son and two daughters. His death was considered by the physicians to have proceeded from a general breaking down of the nervous system, from excessive labor, no evidence of disease, organic or fun6lional, being discovered. He had been working almost unremittingly, when not engaged in public duties, on his Digest of the Supreme Court Decisions ; and literally went from that work to the bed from which he never arose. The funeral services took place at the Congregational church in Woodstock, the body being laid out in a full suit of black, with a military cloak, and amid profuse floral decorations. Highly eulogistic notices ap- peared in the newspapers, and there was every evidence of sincere mourning as for a great public loss. " He was," said the Ver- gennes Vermonter, "one of the few living illustrations of Phil- 2i6 Biographical Ski-itches. Was/ibum. W'/urlcr. lips's positive men. They are rarely met with in public or private life. Vermont appreciated him, and he will be mourned as one of the few in public life whose sense of justice was stronger than personal preference or even the dictation of party." The Repub- lican, of Springfield, Mass., remarked " It was in the office of Adjutant General that Governor Washburn's fitness for public service was first made known to the people. His accuracv of dealing was as certain and as rigid as mathematics. The dis- charge of a jjublic duty was with him reckoned among the ' e.xact sciences.' If he had been less honest than he was, he would still have followed honesty from sheer devotion to its straight- forwarilness, its absolute corretftness. We speak of this charac- teristic, not to elevate it above his unimpeachable integrity, but because it is what marks him among governors. Vermont has had honest executives before but it has been some time since she had a governor who governed, who picked up the loose ends in her administrative departments and set every thing in order. He was not only above jobbing and lobbying, rail-road or other- wise, but he forbade his private secretary to use so much as a two-cent stamp of the State's property, except for public purposes. With the same regard for the fitness of things, he introduced almost military formality in his intercourse with subordinates ; not that he was at all 'set up' by his position, but he would have order and system in every thing, insisting on every man's knowing his pro|>er place and his responsibilities." Wa-shdukn, Rr.Liii.N P., a learned lawyer, who settled in Lynn, in 1S12. He removed to Vermont, and became a judge in a State court ; was father of Governor Washburn, just sjjoken of. and died in i860, aged 79. See Annals, 1812. Wexepovkix, an Indian Sagamore. See History of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 38. Wheeler, Thomas. Mr. Wheeler came to Lynn in 1635. and was made a freeman in 1642. He appears to have been a useful man, in an unostentatious way, while here ; was a mill owner, and a man of some property. His name figures in our Annals under dates 1633. 1653, and 1C57. It was against him Biographical Sketches. Whiting. 217 that Captain Bridges issued the warrant for slander of Rev. Mr. Cobbct. (See notice of Robert Bridges.) He remained till 1664, and then removed to Stonington, Ct., taking with him his wife Mary, his son Isaac, and his daughfers Elizabeth and Sarah. He became the largest land-holder in Stonington, partly by grants from the town and partly by purchase ; was an honored member of the church ; held important public offices ; and died there, in 1686, at the age of 84. His grandson Isaac, son of the Isaac who went from Lynn, married a daughter of Rev. Jeremiah Shepard, first minister of the Old Tunnel, December 9, 1697. She was quite a business chara6ler, and amassed a handsome property ; was accustomed to ride from Stonington to Boston to purchase dry goods, and bought up all the spare beef and pork in her neighborhood, for shipment to the latter place. She had two children, Margaret and Thomas, and lived to a good old age. Thomas was born in 1700, and died in 1750, the richest man in the vicinity. See Annals, early dates. Whiting, Rev. Samuel, a learned divine, for more than forty years minister of the First Parish. See Annals, 1679 and earlier dates. Of none of the New England fathers can a roll of nobler descendants be presented. Some of them are named in our pages of Annals, some in the Centennial Memorial, and some in the book giving an account of the proceedings on the celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement. It is not, however, recollected that we have heretofore named Nathaniel Whiting, who was a Lieutenant in Pepperell's expedi- tion, in 1745. He was born in 1724, and graduated at Yale, in 1743 ; was a Lieutenant Colonel in the Crown Point expedition, and at the battle near lake George, succeeded to the command, when Colonel Williams — from whom Williams College took its name — fell. He was with Abercrombie at Ticonderoga, and with Amherst in the redu6tion of Canada ; always acquitting himself as a brave, prudent, and humane officer. All along, through our whole history, we find examples of the heroic devo- tion of members of this noble family. We find them in all departments, military, civil, and ecclesiastical, pursuing with patriotic zeal and intelligent forecast, the highest interests of the loved country of their birth. Who of this generation can forget 2i8 Biographical Sketches. W'idgcr. ll'ilkins. the devoted conduct of Hon. William Whiting, of Boston, durinsi; the civil war } Whiting school was named in memory of our early minister ; also Whiting street ; indeed the name of the town was adopted in courtesy to him. A fac-simile of a signature of his written at the age of eighty-two, follows. r» ^ \w^^rly^ S Widc;er, Thoma.s, a mariner and prisoner of war. He died January 21, 1S71. aged So years. See Annals, 1871. WiLKiNs, liKAV. This early settler was a husbandman by occupation, though like many others, at that period, he found it expedient to follow other callings at difi'erent times. See Annals, 1630. It is probable that he had something to do with the iron works, for when he and John Ginglc purchased the liellingham farm, they paid down ^24 in bar iron, and jQi in money, mort- gaging back for ^225 ; this purchase being made after his return from Dorchester, whither he went from Lynn, and where he had been kcejjcr of Ne|xjnset ferry. Gingle was a tailor by traile and lived in Lynn, but left no mark by which he can wiili any certainty be traced. In 1676 the mortgage was discharged, and Wilkins, having bought out Gingle's interest, became sole pos- sessor of the farm, which originally comprised some hundreds of acres, and had been enlarged by other purchases. He had six sons, lusty and strong, some or all of whom settled around him, he remaining like a patriarch among them. He was stern and uncompromising in his religious views, and became conspic- uous for his zeal in the witchcraft prosecutions, evidently having a sincere belief in the personality of the evil one and his vile attempts to harass and destroy the good people hereabout. John Willard, a grandson of his, was among the unfortunates who sutTered death for the supposed crime, and the conclusion cannot be avoided that the course the grandfather took had no tendency to prevent the unhappy result. Hon. C. W. Upham, in his valuable work on the witchcraft outbreak, gives some touching details regarding Mr. Wilkins and his kindred as connected with the strange episode ; but to many minds his Biographical Sketches. Willis. 219 narrations are more interesting than his conclusions satisfa6lory ; for it can hardly be possible that human nature, depraved as it is, could develop such examples of precocious cunning, lying, and dissembling, in mere children, as he supposes. No, no, the " delusion " must have arisen from some psychological condition different from that suggested by him. Mr. Wilkins in a deposition says : " When John Willard [his grandson] was first complained of by the affli6led persons for afflicfting them, he came to my house, greatly troubled, desiring me, with some other neighbors, to pray for him. I told him I was then going from home, and could not stay ; but if I could come home before night, I should not be unwilling. But it was near night before I came home, and so I did not answer his desire ; but I heard no more of him upon that account. Whether my not answering his desire did not oliend him, I cannot tell ; but I was jealous, afterwards, that it did." And his jealousy appears to have gathered strength ; for, being seized by certain terrible pains, so that he " was like a man on a rack," he says, " I told my wife immediately that I was afraid that Willard had done me wrong ; my pain continuing, and finding no relief, my jealousy continued. Mr. Lawson and others there were all amazed, and knew not what to do for me. There was a woman accounted skillful came hoping to help me, and after she had used means, she asked me whether none of those evil persons had done me damage. I said I could not say they had, but I was sore afraid they had. She answered, she did fear so too." We can only account for this cold way of estimating the condudl of a near relative who himself appears to have been intelligent and piously inclined, and who died upon the gallows like a Christian hero, through the prevailing hallucination. Whether Mr. Wilkins finally came to view the matter in its true light does not exaclly appear ; but his minister, the Rev. Joseph Green, remarks : " He lived to a good old age, and saw his children's children and their children, and peace upon our little Israel." Many respedlable families in various parts of the country claim descent from him. Willis, Thomas, the first resident of Tower Hill. He was a Representative from Lynn in the first General Court. See Annals, 1630, and other early dates. 220 BlOGKAIMUCAL SKETCHES. IJ'00(/. Wonnstcod. Wood, John, was one of the first settlers, and from him Woodcnd took its name. See Annals. 1629. His autograph is amonjc those on the Armitage Petition, page 106. \\'ot)i), William, Lynn's earliest delineator. See Annals, 1629, and other early dates. WokMSTEAD, John H., A privateersman in the war uf 1S12. He died September 2, 1874, aged 85. See Annals, 1S74. Yawata — an Indian princess. The name was much admired by Mr. Lewis. See History of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 40. In closing our Chapter of Hiographical Sketches, it is only necessary to remark that the aim has been to shadow forth the spirit of the people and the general condition of things here, at different periods of our history. For this end individuals living at different times and pursuing diverse walks of life have been introduced. Possibly some critical reader may think of other names that in his opinion should not have been omitted. Hut on reflection he may perceive a rea.son for the omission. There is something more to be considered than mere present popular- ity, as that may rest on a foundation that will soon crumble away. We arc far from claiming that our judgment in these matters is perfecft, or that we have been successful in carrying out a plan in itself good. Hut it is safe to say that no individual who has not done something for the benefit of a community has any claim to be remembered in that community, however he may have thirsted for posthumous fame or however his friends may desire his canonization. Yet it will be borne in mind, that our business has not generally been so much with the individuals themselves as with their external relations. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. "Now will' we gather up Stray fragments that elucidate our story, The breezy freedom of past years commingling With these our busy times." In the present Chapter will be presented a variety of what may, with propriety perhaps, be called detached matters relating to the History of beloved old Lynn ; but it will be the aim to select from the great number of topics that will naturally offer themselves, only such as best subserve the leading purpose of our volume. As to the arrangement of subjects, it can only be said that it will be somewhat arbitrary, as it would be difficult to adhere to any fixed rule ; but the endeavor will be to make it as convenient as possible for the reader, who, aided by the index, will not be at a loss to find any thing of importance that may come under notice. First Projected Rail-road. In 1828 a proposition was made to construct a Rail-road from Boston to Salem ; and a circular was sent out from the House of Representatives, to various towns in the vicinity, seeking information from which a judgment could be formed as to the expediency of undertaking the formidable enterprise, either by individuals or the State. The circular sent to Lynn was addressed to the editor of the Mirror, and was responded to after evidently careful investiga- tion and consideration. Without rehearsing the congratulations on the then existing prosperity, or the rosy predictions for the future of Lynn — which latter, by the way, have been fully real- (221) 222 Miscellaneous Notes. ized — we will present some of the statements touching the actual condition of certain matters of business here at that period. Swampscott and Nahant, it will be remembered, were then con- stituent parts of the town. The principal manufacture of Lj-nn is shoes. Of these it appears that 1.038. 189 pairs arc annually made; which at four shillings a pair will amount to 5692.126. These, as they arc usually packed, will fill 1 1.535 boxes ; the transportation of which, at one shilling a box, will cost $1,922.50. It is considered that about three fourih> of the above amount returns to Lynn in sole leather and other articles for the manii facturc of shoes, in English and West India goods, and other merchandize ; the transportation of which may be fairly estimated at S5.76S. The article of flour alone — 2.500 barrels, at $6 a barrel — would amount to $15,000; the transportation (if which would cost S750. The transportation of the same amount in shoes, wouli! cost only 541.67. And many other heavy articles will l)ear an equal proportion The transportation of a barrel of flour from Boston to Lynn, is 30 cents, about thi same as the conveyance from Baltimore to Boston. Thtrc have been about 1.000 tons of fresh fish, and 50 tons of cured fish, conveyed on the Turnpike, as far as Charlcstown, during the past year; the transportation of which, at twenty shillings a ton, amounts to 53.500. Fifty barrels of oil have al>... been extracted, the transportation of which, at two shillings a barrel, cost $16.66. The other articles trans|>ortcd on the Boston route, are 60 tons of hay, 70 tons of chocolate, 26 tons of grain, 50 tons of cocoa, 20 tons of rice, 30 tons of ginger, 16 tons of neat hides, 12 tons uf leather, 27 tons of goat and kid skins, 85 tons of sumac, 9 tons of iron, 36 tons of coal, 30 tons of barberry root, and 200 tons of marble — making in all 671 tons; the trans|x>rtation of which, at twenty shillings a ton, amounts to $2,236.07. Besides these a large amount of goods is annually conveyc. It was taken down, transported to Reservoir Hill, and there consumed in a sort of sacrifical bonfire on the mornin;; of the Centennial Day of the Republic — July 4, 1876. It stood on the south-west corner of Boston and North Federal streets ; and it may be mentioned, in passing, was the birth-place of the writer — if that is a circumstance of interest to any one. The large tree in front was a buttonwood. and in the great gale of 181 5, as the individual just alluded to well remembers, had its top blown off, while he was gazing from the lower window on the right. The singular out-branching of the new growth, as represented in the cut, followed the disaster of the gale. This venerable tree was cut down in 1881. Miscellaneous Notes. 225 In the Lynn Reporter of July 8, 1876, appeared the following editorial account of the holocaust. There is a mistake as to the builder of the house, which is corrected in the foregoing para- graph, and it was older than the editor supposed, the western portion at least having been built before Mr. Hart's time. That " Beacon Light." Whatever points Lynn may have fallen behind in as to the celebration of the Fourth, she may fairly claim the honor of making the most remarkable bonfire in this section, in honor of its centennial opening. And thus it happened : Samuel Hart was one of our early settlers, and built a house on Boston street, about 1670. His descendants always held and occupied the place down to Hon. James R. Newhall, who stands in the direct line on the mother's side. Now the house, so very old, was greatly dilapidated and not worth repairs. As it was then determined to remove it, it was sold at auction last week for a nominal sum, — ten or fifteen dollars, — and with the consent of Judge Newhall, given to the young men of West Lynn for a burnt-offering at the nation's jubilee. At it they went, at dusk on Saturday evening, and before morning every scrap and stick was torn down and. teamed, load after load, to the tip-top of Pine Hill, two hundred feet high, and in; plain sight of the country for miles away, in all directions. Before Monday night the whole was solidly packed in a great pyramid, near forty feet high, firmly stayed' and bound, including several barrels of tar and kerosene, and one cask at least of benzine cement. During the evening, the pile was freely drenched with waterpots of kerosene, and as "the hour of midnight tolled," it was lighted on two or threei sides at once, amid the wildest cheers of a great crowd, and the rapid reports of fire- arms, great and small. A more glorious blaze is rarely seen. Even under the clear moonlight the glare was most intense. The old timbers burned and burned, and at eight next morning were yet blazing. And such was the end of the homestead of two hundred years ; it flamed up to heaven at last to honor the celebration of American liberty and independence. Where else did they do any thing more significant than this ? The hill on which the Jponfire took place, is the highest point back of the house, as shown in the picture, and the highest point in Lynn. It is two hundred and twenty-four feet in height, and distant about three fourths of a mile. Second Pine Hill was the name by which the range of which it forms, a. part was formerly known ; but after the construction of the City Reser- voir, on the northern slope, this summit began to be called Reservoir Hill. The "Old Indian," an-enormous red cedar, stood within a few rods of the spot whereon the bonfire was kindled. This tree was a marked object for generations, as it towered above all its- forest neighbors, its blanched limbs stretching out above their heads, in patriarchal dignity. Its age must have been very great ; and judging from its appearance, one might well accept 15 226 MiSCF.LLAKEOL'S NoTES. as true the assertion that long before the white settlers came it was a guide for the Indian skiffs that skimmed about in the offing. When it yielded to the ruthless woodsman's ax, which was quite within the writer's recollection, it seemed as if one of the few remaining links that bound our dispensation to that of the red man, had been severed. Slaves. There were in Lynn, at the commencement of the Revolution, twenty-six slaves. There had been a few from very early times ; but they were most numerous throughout the Province, in 1745. In 1754, there were four hundred and thirty- .nine in Essex County, and in all Massachusetts, four thousand, four hundred and eighty-nine. In 1774 the General Court passed a bill prohibiting the importation of Slaves, but Governor Gage withheld his assent. The State Constitution was established in 1780. The first article of the Declaration of Rights asserts that all men are born free and equal ; and this was generally supposed to have reference to slavery ; but it was a point on which there was by no means unanimity of opinion. In 1781, however, at a court in Worcester, an indictment was found against a white man for as.saulting, beating, and imprisoning a black. The case finally, in 1783, went to the Supreme Court, and the defense was that the black was a slave, and the beating, &c., the necessary and lawful correction of the master. But the defense was declared invalid. And this decision was the death-blow to slavery in Massachusetts. In later years, when the resolute movement for the extinction of slavery throughout the land, commenced, Lynn manifested becoming zeal in the cause ; and among the most efficient workers was Mr. Lewis ; whose zeal, however, seemed somewhat to abate as age advanced. But yet, for his efforts in the incipient stages of the noble cause, he was worth}- of greater praise than many of those who at the eleventh hour and from less disinterested motives pushed noisily to the front. John Dl-xton, the London bookseller, who visited Lynn in 1686, as mentioned in our Annals, under date 1635, was married, at an early age, to Elizabeth Annesley ; and a sister of hers who married Samuel Wesley, became mother of the celebrated John Wesley. They were daughters of Dr. Samuel Annesley, a dis- Miscellaneous Notes. 227 senting minister. Dunton seems not to have entertained the most friendly feehngs toward his brother-in-law, as he says, " Sam Wesley has fouled his nest in hopes of a bishoprick." It might be interesting to know what connection, if any, the blasted hopes of the father, touching the bishopric, had with shaping the reli- gious course of the son. Speaker Onslow. On page 490 of the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, mention is made of Governor Hutchinson's comparing Speaker John Burrill, of Lynn, with Speaker Onslow, of the British House of Commons. There were two Speakers of the House of Commons, named Onslow — Sir Richard, elected in the seventh year of Queen Anne, 1708, and Sir Arthur, in the first year of King George HI., 1727. They were both eminent presiding officers, and extremely watchful of the dignity of the House. It is related that Col. Fitzroy, afterwards Lord Southampton, when on one occasion reprimanded for making a late appearance, excused himself by saying that he had been detained by attendance on the King. Speaker Onslow, in a loud voice and authoritative manner, replied, " Sir, do n't tell me of waiting ; this is your place to attend in ; here is your first duty." Lynn, in 1750 and in 181 7. A New York merchant who travelled east, in 1750, says he put up at Mr. Ward's, in " Lyn, which is a small Country Town of ab' 200 Houses, very pleas- antly situated, & affords a Beautifull Rural Prospect." He arrived at about one o'clock, " and dynd on fryd Codd." After dinner, being refreshed by a glass of wine, he pursued his journey to Salem, " through a barren, rocky country," and the next day, after visiting Marblehead, returned to Boston, stopping again at Mr. Ward's, in Lynn, where he " dyned upon a fine mongrel goose." In 18 17, John Palmer, of King's Lynn, England, while on his travels in the United States and Canada, an account of which he afterwards published, in London, found occasion thus to speak of our vicinity : " After crossing [September 1 1] a bridge which joins Charlestown to Chelsea, another small suburb, we found the road very excellent, carried on for some miles through salt marshes where the hay stacks are all placed on frames to prevent 228 Miscellaneous Notes. their being damaged by high tides, which sometimes overflow the level. We passed through the town of Lynn, noted for its extensive manufacture of elegant silk and cloth shoes. Morse gives the number made in 1795 at 300.000 pairs, and in 1802 computes them to amount to 400.000 pairs. At present, I am told, the trade is on the decline, the spirit of emigration having seized many of the apprentices and journeymen. Lynn contains four or five thousand inhabitants, but presents little appearance of compactness. As is common in the United States, the houses are spread over a wide tract of ground. Leaving Lynn [and proceeding towards Salem] the remainder of the journey is through a rocky country." The barren aspect of the country between Lynn and Salem, noticed by these travellers, though somewhat improved in our day, yet furnishes evidence that they were observing chroniclers. The pestiferous wood-wax is now an added annoyance. First Corn from the West. It will be remembered that the summer of 1816 is stated to have been remarkably cold, in New England, that very little corn ripened, that there was a frost in every month of the year, and that snow fell in June. In connection with this it may be interesting to state that Captain James Mudge. of Lynn, during the year, brought to Boston, from Cincinnati, Ohio, in the brig Cincinnatus, a cargo of corn in the car. This was the first sea-going vessel ever built in Cincinnati, and so lively was the interest felt, that many in different parts of New Kngland went to considerable pains to procure an ear of the corn to preserve as a memento of the enterprise. The vessel was built in 18 14, by John Brooks, an emigrant from Maine. Sinoul.vr Record. The following remarkable entry appears on the public records of Lynn : " Married, Daniel Cowing to Mary Bowers, Dec. 25, 1764, by Rev. Mr. Adams. Said Cowing took the s'' Mary naked, except a sheet & shift that she borrowed." Rev. Mr. Adams was minister of the Lynnfield parish. Proba- bly the bride appeared in that condition under the apprehension that if she brought nothing to her husband he could not be held responsible for any existing debt of hers. But why might she not have borrowed a gown as well as the other articles ? Miscellaneous Notes. 229 Records of Lynn. In the preservation of her earliest records Lynn has been unfortunate. Yet it is probable that for many years they were kept in a manner so loose and imper- fect as to have been hardly worth preserving, as a whole, though they undoubtedly contained some things that should have en- sured their safe custody. The county records, however, supply, in the form of deeds, wills, inventories, depositions, and so forth, a great portion of the information the loss of which would be most seriously felt. For instance : among the county files may be found the copy made by Andrew Mansfield, of the land allot- ments of 1638. The earliest regular town records now in existence commence in 1691. But there was an order passed in 1715 requiring that some of the previous records, then in a dilapidated condition, should be transcribed ; and the order was complied with to the extent of a few pages, it having been left to the selectmen to carry it out in such manner as they thought best. The copies relate to matters as far back as 1661. The little volumes of records of " Marriages, Births and Deaths in the Town of Lynn," with the exception of the first, are yet in the custody of the city clerk ; and in the title-page of the second, is this note: "The first volume is lost. In 1820 I found this volume in ruins, bound it and furnished it with an index. Preserve it carefully. Alonzo Lewis." These volumes contain quite a number of what are called "genealogies" of the old families, and are very useful, in many cases, in tracing pedigrees ; but they are not free from errors ; and the details are frequently so imperfect and involved as to occasion doubt and perplexity. Much difficulty arises from the identity of names, as middle ones were then seldom used. At one time, for instance there were eight persons here of the name James Newhall, not one having a middle name, but each relying for his identity upon some nickname benevolently bestowed by his neighbors ; marks of distinction, however, which could not appear on the public records. These " genealogical " records have been copied into a proper book, with an alphabetically arranged index, which adds greatly to the facility for examination ; but the copying afforded an opportunity, not altogether unimproved, to add to the errors of the originals. 230 Miscellaneous Notes. It need not be added that ever since Lynn became a city, her records have been kept in the most careful manner ; and indeed for many years before the adoption of the Charter, there was little reason to complain of the competency or faithfulness of our recording; clerks. The First Parish records extend back only to 172 1-2; and they are the earliest church records that have been preserved. M.VTKiMONiAL FiNESSE. In our biographical sketch of Mr. Lewis, in the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, an " interme- diate" matrimonial companion is spoken of The romantic affair of the supposed valid second marriage was the occasion of much comment among his friends. He unquestionably died without a doubt that she had, at the time of the separation, a former husband living, whatever his suspicions may have been as to some of her other and more equivocal declarations. About fourteen years after the death of Mr. Lewis, however, the writer was informed by a worthy priest of the Catholic church, that he had received a letter from the lady herself, who was then in London, informing him of her conversion to the Romish faith, and confessing that the story of her previous marriage was a fiction, framed by herself for the purpose of severing her connec- tion with Mr. Lewis, under whose " gentle control " she had become restive. If this was true, she must have had a confed- erate in the person of a young man, for a marital claimant certainly did appear here in Lynn. Mr. Lewis himself, in con- siderable perturbation one morning informed the writer that he had just had an interview with such a one and requested some friendly interposition for the settlement of the unpleasant affair, A young literary flirt does not usually prove the most suitable conjugal companion for a staid citizen of advanced years. His age was fifty-six, and hers seventeen, at the time of the marriage, as the hymeneal notice in the newspapers stated. Siamese Twi.ns. It was in 1831 that the famous Siamese twins, Chang and Eng, so mysteriously united in person, were first exhibited in this vicinity. During the warm season o{ that year they were for a short time rusticating in Lynnfield, and while out on a gunning excursion, one day, became so irritated Miscellaneous Notes. 231 by being followed and stared at, by men and boys, that they committed a breach of the peace, were taken before a magis- trate's court, and put under bonds. It came near becoming a serious question how one could be punished by imprisonment, should it come to that, if the other were innocent. The difficulty vanished, however, when it appeared that both were guilty. They died in North Carolina, in the winter of 1873, within two hours of each other, aged 63 years. Funeral Expenses. Much has been said, of late, and with justice, concerning the extravagance so commonly indulged in, on the burial of the dead. The expenditures for casket, floral decorations, carriages, and so forth, have become really burden- some to persons of limited income. Many seem to think it mean not to follow the fashion in these matters, and mean also to dis- pute any charge of those who furnish the appliances, however exorbitant such charge may be. But does not a sentiment very different from love for the departed or grief for one's own loss, rule here.-* Certainly it is not in ostentatious display that the grieved heart most naturally seeks relief. Of course we all realize that no good can come to the departed by glitter and parade, however costly they may be. Nor can they heal affec- tion's deeper wounds. It would be truly lamentable if the time should ever come when heart-relieving ceremonials were dispensed with at the burial of the dead ; but garish pomp is but fast fading drapery about a grave. In early New England times the dead were committed to their last resting places with very little ceremony beyond the proces- sion of mourning friends ; the coffin was rude ; and seldom was a prayer offered, an omission, however, that probably arose from anxiety to avoid any thing that approached the popish custom of praying for the dead. But before the beginning of the last century, new and strange customs began to appear, and expendi- tures were made for purposes more reprehensible than any extravagance of this day. Indeed funerals were sometimes made seasons of jollification. Especially when the deceased was a minister or other prominent personage, spirituous liquors were provided, and gloves and rings presented. And these customs prevailed to some extent even down to times within the memory 232 Miscellaneous Notes. of persons now living. Here is a copy of the charges incurred at the burial of Rev. Mr. Brown, of Reading, in 1733 : C s. d. To Thomas Eaton, for provisions, 210 Nathaniel Eaton, for fetching up the wine 0150 Lt. Nathaniel Parker, for 5 qts. Rhom [rum], . . . 080 Samuel Poole, for digging Mr. Brown's grave, . . .080 Landlord Wesson, for Rhom [rum], o 10 6 Wm. Cowdry, for making the coffin, 0150 Andrew Tyler, of Boston, 6 gokl rings for funeral, . . 10 iS o Bcnj. Fitch, of Uoston, Gloves, etc., . . . . 17 o o Mrs. Martha Prown, for wine furnished, 500 £bcn Storcr, of Boston, sundries, S o o Total 45 15 6 Until a comparatively recent period the burial places in the rural districts of New I-ingland were generally neglected spots, overgrown with rank weeds and all manner of unseemly vegetation. And we cannot fail to rejoice that these unsightly enclosures are fast giving place to beautiful cemeteries, whose graceful adornments are a perpetual delight to the meditative mourner. The simple monument that records the name and virtues of a dear departed one, however inexpensive or rude it may be, will long out-last the memory of any pomp or ceremonial that may have attended the committal of the body to the earth. Specie Tk.vnsportation. John Adams, afterwards President of the United States, but then a young lawyer, travelling his circuit, accompanied by his wife, mentions, under date Nov. 3, 1766, having "oated" at Martin's — the celebrated old Anchor Tavern, in what is now East Saugus — on his way to attend the court at Salem. And returning, a few days after, he again "oated " at Martin's, "where we saw," he adds, "five bo.ves of dollars, containing, as we were told, about eighteen thousand of them, going in a horse-cart from Salem Custom House to Boston, in order to be shipped for England. A guard of armed men, with swords, hangers, pistols and muskets attended." Value of a Siiikt, in 1729. There was a complaint made by Benjamin Newhall, of Lynn, before Theophilus Burrill, a Justice of the Peace, in behalf of His Majesty, the King, "That whereas some evil minded person, contrary to the peace of our Miscellaneous Notes. 233 Sovereign Lord the King and the laws of his Majesty's Province of Massachusetts, did on or upon the 28th day of this Instant month of December, 1729, (being the Lord's day) steale, purloine, or Take and karry a way a new Shirtt of your Complainant's ffit for a Small Bodyed man, Either out of the new Dwelling hous where s'' complainantt Lives, or verry neare there to, which Shirt was made of cotton and Linning cloath, a middling sort of cloath, valued at about Twelve Shillings, and Doth Wehemently Suspect," &c. A search warrant was issued, but it does not appear whether the property was recovered. The " new Dwelling hous," it is presumed, was the two-story wooden house, known as the Hallowell house, still standing on North Common street, two or three rods east of the old Episcopal church. First Directory of Lynn, Early in 1832 the writer pur- chased of Charles F. Lummus, the first Lynn printer, the little office which he had been running for about six years, and running to such disadvantage that he had run out the small means with which he commenced. It was the first printing office in Lynn, and very poorly supplied with material. By the sale, Mr. Lum- mus found himself out of employment ; and though not inclined to excessive industry, his circumstances required that he should not remain in idleness. He was about thirty years of age, a bachelor, and a boarder at Lynn Hotel, at that time perhaps the most genteel boarding place in the town. His habits were good, and his expenses small. In casting about, under these ciicumstances, for something to turn his hand to, he conceived the project of compiling a Direc- tory, the population then numbering about 6.200. A short season of pleasant work would by such means be afforded, as in collect- ing the information and procuring subscribers, he could travel about in pleasant weather, gossip with all sorts of people, and suspend labor when he felt inclined. He knew every body, every body knew him, and there were few who would not cordially greet him, and render such assistance as was in their power. So the work went on. When the information was gathered and the subscribers obtained the printing was to be done. There was no office in Lynn with sufficient type of a suitable kind, and he made an arrangement with an establishment in Boston. He did 234 MiSCELLAXEOUS NOTES. the type-setting himself, and as might have been expected the work did not proceed with remarkable vigor. However, it was a new thing, and the subscribers, not knowing exactly what they had a right to expect, did not manifest much impatience. In the latter part of May the Directory made its appearance. It was in the shape of a duodecimo of seventy-two pages, was in paper covers, contained the variety of information usually found in works of the kind, was as accurate as it could well be made, and on the whole was quite creditable. But in a pecuniary way it was not much of a success, for Mr. Lummus afterwards told the writer that he realized only enough to make scanty day wages. Such is a history of the first Directory of Lynn, ct)pies of which may yet occasionally be found in some of the older homes. As the first printer of Lynn, and the compiler of her first Direc- tory, the name of Mr. Lummus will survive long after many who were more successful in " heaping up riches " arc forgotten. Election Day. To some of our elder people the mention of this now unnoticed anniversary will call uj) recollections of a peculiar character. 1 he ancient Colony Charter ordained " That yearely, once in the yearc forever hereafter, namely, the last VVednesda}" in Easter tcarme ycarelcy. the Governo', Deputy Governo', and Assistants of the said Company, and all other officers of the said Company shalbe, in the Generall Court or Assembly to be held for that day or tyme, newly chosen for the yeare ensueing by such greater part of the said Company for the tyme being then and there present." Thus it was that the last Wednesday of May became the famous Election Day. During many of its latter years the period was more commonly called '* 'lection /nut;" for the last four days of the week were embraced in the popular observance. And it was not till 1831, that the day so long noted above almost any other, was comj^elled, through a constitutional amendment, to fall back into the ranks of unnoted days. The worthy old legislators evidently considered this annually recurring election of their chief officers, a matter of very grave importance, fearing, no doubt, that their liberties might be endangered by such abuses as they had seen arise from longer oflficial terms, and from modes of appointment in which the great body of the people Miscellaneous Notes. 235 were not allowed to participate. Their anxious watchfulness may be seen all along. At a General Court held in 1639, ^^^ matter was treated in this manner: " It is solemly & vnanimosly decreed & established, that henceforth vpon the day or dayes appointed by our patent to hold o"" yearely Court for the election of our Governo'', Deputy Governo'', Assistants & other generall officers, being the last Wednesday of every Easter tearme, that the ffreemen of this iurisdiction shall either in person or by proxie, w"^out any sumons, attend & consumate the elections. . . As for the place of publike assembling, it shalbee wher the pceeding Court of Elections was held, vnlesse then & there some other place shalbee assigned. T/its acte of Cs wee conceive so nearely to conccTtie the good of this country that we earnestly intreate it may never be repealed by any future Courted This last sentence we put in italic for the purpose of empha- sizing the admonition evidently intended. And it is agreeable to be able to remark that essentially the principle so urged by our sagacious forefathers became so interwoven with the very texture of our political economy that it has never yet ceased to work for good. Why the popular observance of Election Day should have taken the turn it finally did, is a mystery. Our younger people can have little conception of the style of entertainment and diversion by which it was characterized. It was not like Fast, Decoration, Independence, or Thanksgiving day. Exactly how it was observed a hundred and fifty years ago, we cannot tell ; but how it was during the first quarter of the present century many now living can attest, and surely will agree that in view of its moral influence, it was not abolished any too soon. It was pleasant to see the voung men and maidens arrayed in their new " election suits," promenading with smiling faces, and joining in woodland pic^nics, or in merry household gather- ings. And the decorations from the abundant floral provision of the season, were always to be admired. The " election cake," too, so spicy and so glossy, which was provided in every house, with the slightly stimulating but not inebriating diet-drink made glad the young hearts. But the egg-nog, the flip, the muddy ale, and other fight-inspiring drinks that freely flowed in the 236 Miscellaneous Notes. public dance houses, were the occasion of such irregularities, as happily have no match in these days. There were dance houses in various neighborhoods, notably one known as " Old Willis's," at North Hend, where dissipated men and lewd women assembled to spend the day and night in disgraceful revelry. It is hard to tell how such disreputable proceedings originated, for there was certainly nothing inherent in the original purpose to produce them. For many of its latter years, the day was popularly known as " Nigger IClection," which questionable appellation was given, as some have supposed, to distinguish it from Artillery Election, which occurred on the first Monday in June, and which still holds its place in the calendar. Hut the true reason for its having been so called no doubt was that so long as slavery existed in Massachusetts, our colored brethren — who were allowed by their masters an annual vacation of four days, beginning with the day on which the General Court made their elections — were accustomed then, in imitation of their masters, to assemble on lioston Common t)r in some other convenient place, and proceed to elect rulers from their own ranks ; or rather imitation rulers, rulers without authority and without subjects. Thev engaged in their sportive pohtical ceremonies with a keen relish, the more so, |)erhaps from having no real interest to be an.xious about, and wound up with scenes of unlimited jollity. And the whole of their vacation was marked by excesses such as might be expected from a class so ignorant and so excitable when freed from restraint ; for the masters did not interfere till the "utmost verge of tiecency had been reached, good-naturedly submitting to the hard hits levelled against themselves, and possibly profit- ing a little by some shrewd allusion. Perhaps these excesses of the negroes gave rise to the vile manner in which the season was observed by the lower class of some of our own complexion ; and perhaps, also, "election time" extended to four days, in accordance with the limit of the vacation allowed the slaves. Pompey, a slave belonging to Daniel Mansfield, of Lynn, who is referred to on page 198 of this volume, and who is stated to have been a prince in his native land, appears to have had regal honors bestowed upon him, though destitute both of subjects and au- thority. As has before apjx^ared, the Court of Elections was abolished Miscellaneous Notes. 237 in 1831 ; and then, of course, "election time" ceased to be observed. Wc have seen what indulgences characterized its latter days. And it may not be impertinent to ask if there are not other seasons which are now observed in a manner quite as inconsistent with the original purpose, if not in a manner quite as reprehensible. How about our annual Fast ? Do we regard it as a day of " fasting, humiliation and prayer," or as a day for out-door sports and in-door games ? Some good Christian peo- ple, notably among them the late Rev. Dr. Cooke, have thought, in view of the turn things have taken, that it would be wise to discontinue altogether the appointment of such a day. But would it not be better to reform than abolish .'' It is rather surprising that one of Dr. Cooke's spirit should counsel a course that looks so much like a surrender. Then there is Independence day, the day on which, in times past, in the public celebration, the best orator and the best poet were called to spread their wings in oration and ode, and patriotism and lofty sentiment freely gushed in toast and banquet speech, with interludes of trumpet notes and song. But now "Young America" rather has the ascendancy hereabout ; and the "antique and horrible" displays, the tub races and the bicycles take the leading part — all well enough, perhaps, in their way, but seemingly not quite up to the requirements of the dignity of so grand an occasion. One word more about Artillery Election. It need not be remarked that the name is derived from the fact that on that day — the first Monday of June — the officers of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery are elected. The company was organ- ized as early as 1638, and quite a list of Lynn men have been members. It continues in vigorous existence, but is, at this day, not so much needed as a regulator in tactics, as it was in former years ; in short it is now rather an organization of respectable military citizens who meet in a semi-social way, than one ad- hering to the strict rules and requirements of martial life. They have occasionally on parade days visited Lynn. Any one in passing along Tremont street, in Boston, may observe near the outer wall of the King's Chapel burying ground an ancient gravestone bearing the name Hezekiah Usher. This individual was one of the original members of the organization, A son of his, of the same name, was an officer in the company, and 238 Miscellaneous Notes. died in Lynn, though he was not a resident, in July 1697; and they marched hither to escort his remains to their last resting place beside those of his father. Our eleventh Mayor, Col. Roland G. Usher, is of the same ancestral line ; and he became a member of the company in 1851. SnAVs's Rebellion. The following items appear m an account presented by the town of Lynn for reimbursement by the state for supplies furnished on the occasion of this memorable disturb- ance, which took place in 1786: "One thousand weight of Heef, at 2d. I farthing & 1-2 a pound; four hundred and thirty four pound of Hread, at 19J. pr Hundred ; twenty two gallons of Rum, at 2s. %ii. pur gal. ; a Barril to carry the Rum in, 4J. ; one Hushcl of salt, 2s. and a Hag 2s. ; four Camp kittle at 5J. a peace, lost ; the selectmen eleven days at 4f. pur Dav for necessary time spent to collect s** things," &c. WoonwARo's Awls. The elder members of the shoe-making craft hereabout will remember the famous Woodward awls. Before shoes were made by machinery, they had a great sale in Lynn, as nothing could supply their place. They were manufactured in that part of Reading now known as Wakefield, by Thomas Woodward, who was a native of Lynn, or Lynnfield. as it now is, and was born in 1773. He was a very ingenious and dexter- ous mechanic, and has been credited with numbering among his other inventions that of the Lmerson razor strap. Mr. Eaton, in his history of Reading, says of him : " He was an honest, industrious, and kind-hearted man, but posses.sed some peculiar- ities of character ; he had an inquiring and rather credulous mind ; any new idea, either in physic, physics or ethics, he was ever ready to adopt, and if he thought it valuable, he was dis- posed to pursue it with great sincerity and pertinacity of purptjsc ; hence we find him ever trying some new experiment in manufac- turing, using some newly invented pilis or cordial, making a "Tincture," that becomes and still continues a popular medicine, becoming an anti-mason and abolitionist of the most approved patterns, and an honest and sincere believer in Millerism. He was, however, a very useful citizen. He lived to be aged, and his body outlived his mind." He died in i860, aged ^"j years. Miscellaneous Notes. 239 Religious Discussions. In our Annals, under date 1702, an account is given of a characteristic discussion on religious topics, held in Lynn by Rev. George Keith, a Church of England mis- sionary, and John Richardson a prominent Quaker preacher. There was at that period a wide-spread interest in such contro- versies, on both sides of the water, and the contestants often manifested most intemperate zeal. Soon after Mr. Keith's return to England the following appeared as an advertisement in the London Postman : "Whereas, the world has been told in public papers and otherwise, of numerous conversions of Quakers to the Church of England, by means of Mr. Keith and others, and whereas the Quakers give out in their late books and otherwise, that since Mr. Keith came out of America, there are not ten persons owned by them that have left their Society, Mr. Keith and others will very much oblige the world in publishing a true list of their proselytes." Prescott's Walk. William H. Prescott, the eminent histo- rian, was for some years a summer resident of Lynn, his estate being on Ocean street. There he composed a considerable portion of " Philip the Second," and did other writing. His physical infirmities were such that much air and exercise were absolutely necessary. The old cherry tree, alluded to in the following extract from the biography of the historian, by George Ticknor, stood in front of the mansion. " One thing at his Lynn home, was, and still is, [1862] very touching. There was hardly a tree on the place except some young plantations, which were partly his own, but which he did not live to see grow up. But shade was important to him there as it was everywhere ; and none was to be found on his grounds except under the broad branches of an old cherry tree, which had come down from the days of Quaker shoemakers, who were so long the monarchs of the land there, and in all the neighborhood. Round the narrow circle of shade which this tree afforded him, he walked with his accustomed fidelity a certain length of time every day whenever the sun prevented him from going more freely abroad. There he soon wore a path in the green sward, and so deep did it at last become that now — four years since any foot has pressed it — the marks still remain as a sad memo- 240 Miscellaneous Notes. rial of his infirmity. I have not unfrequently watched him as he paced his wearisome rounds there, carrying a light umbrella, which, when he reached the sunny side of his circle, he raised for an instant to protect his eyes, and then shut it again, that the suffering organ might have the full benefit, not only of the exercise, but of the fresh air ; so exact and minute was he as to whatever could in the slightest degree affect its condition." This same old cherry tree is referred to in the following im- pressive but slightly stilted sonnet, written after Mr. Prescott's death, by an esteemed poetess of New York : No more, alas ! the soft returning spring Shall greet thee, walking near thy favorite tree, Marking with patient step the magic ring Where pageants grand and monarchs mo\e with thee. Thou new Columbus ! bringing from old Spain Her ancient wealth to this awaiting shore ; Returning stamped with impress of thy brain. Far richer treasures than her galleons bore. Two worlds shall weep for thee — the Old, the New — Now that the marble and the canvas wait In vain to cheer the homes and hearts so true. Thy immortality made desolate. While angels on imperishable scroll Record the wondrous beauty of thy sou!. The Sea-Sekpext. In our Annals, under date 1819, Is given a pretty full account of this wonderful marine monster who is yet regarded by many as a mere creature of the imagination. And under date 1875 may be found a few additional particulars. Till within a comparatively recent period leading scientists ap- peared to disdain even the discussion of the question of his existence. Hut new interest has, of late, from some cause, been awakened, and opinions more or less valuable are freely ex{)ressed by those who claim to be most learned in nature's mysteries. The speculations of scientists, however, are not always more satisfactory than the observation and experience of some who make no high claims ; for there are, even among the learned, wise and unwise, credulous and incredulous ones. In the pres- ent state of the question, it may be interesting to give a few items of testimony which are not to be found elsewhere in our history. Nathan D. Chase, an aged and respectable citizen residing in Miscellaneous Notes. 241 the eastern section of the city, in a newspaper article published in June, 1881, referring to the'appearance in 18 19, says : I had the pleasure of seeing his snakeship off Long Beach and Red Rock. He passed along within one hundred feet from where I stood, giving me a very good sight of him. At that time he carried his head out of water about two feet, and his speed was like that of an ordinary ocean steamer. What I saw of his length was from fifty to sixty feet. It was very difficult to count the bunches, or bony fins upon his back, as by his undulating motion they did not all appear at once. This accounts, in part, for the varied descriptions given of him by different parties. His appearance at the surface of the water was occasional and but for a short time. This is the best description I can give of liim from my own observation, and I saw the monster as truly, though not quite so clearly, as I ever saw any thing. There are honest neighbors of Mr. Chase, who, though they entertain not the slightest doubt of his veracity, yet believe that his eyes did not serve him with entire faithfulness ; or rather that imagination was unwittingly allowed to add a little of its illuminating power. The writer has conversed with several who were on the Beach at the time of the alleged appearance and found them to disagree considerably as to details, and in posi- tiveness. One worthy man said, " Why, yes, I saw what they called the sea-serpent, but could not make out what some others present declared they saw." Yet none seemed to doubt that something wonderful was moving about there. To this day, with here and there an exception, the Swampscott fishermen, the yachtsmen, and residents near the shore ridicule the idea of the existence of such a monster. Probably not three in ten of the old fishermen believe that any thing more like a. serpent than a horse-mackerel ever sported in these waters. But all this is negative ; and the positive testimony of even three or four credible persons may reasonably be expected to outweigh. it in most minds. Three persons might see a thing that forty others, did not see, though in a situation where they could hardly have avoided the sight ; but their not seeing it could not strike it out of existence. A year or two before the alleged first appearance of the won- derful creature in these waters he was said to have been seen in the harbor of Gloucester, or about the waters of Cape Ann^;. and the following description of him by Hon. Lonson Nash,, a prominent and highly esteemed resident of that section, ap- pears in a letter addressed to Hon. John Davis, and published in a pamphlet entitled " Report of a Committee of the Linnaean 16 242 Miscellaneous Notes. Society of New England, relative to a large Marine Animal, sup- posed to be a Serpent, seen near Cape Ann, Massachusetts, August, 1817." You request a detailed account of my ol)scrvations relative to the serpent. I saw liin4 on the fourteenth ultimo, (August 14, 1817] and when nearest I judged him to be about two hundred and fifty yards from me. At that distance I judged him in the larger part about the size of a half barrel, gradually tapering towards the two extremes. Twice I saw him with a glass, only for a short time, and at other t:m«s with the naked eye for nearly half an hour. His color appeared nearly black — his motion nearly vertical. When he moved on the surface of the water, the track in his rear was visible for at least half a mile. His velocity, when moving on the surface of the water, I judged was at the rate of a milt in about four minutes. When immersed in the water, his speed was greater, moving, I should say, at the rate of a mile in two, or at most in three minutes. When moving under water, you could often trace him by the motion of the water on the surface, and frrim this circumstance I conclude he did not swim deep. He apparently went as straight through the water as you could draw a line. When he changed his course, it diminished his velocity but little — the two extremes that were visible ap. eired rapidly moving in opposite directions, and when they came parallel they appeared not more than a yard apart. With a glass I could not take in at one view the two extreme* of the animal that were visible. I have looked at a vessel at about the sain.- di-.tance, and could distinctly see forty-five feet. If he should be taken, I have no d >ubi that his length would be found seventy fc-ct, at least, and I should not be surprised if he should be found one hundred feet long. When I saw him I was s'.and ng on an eminence on the sea-shore, elevated about thirty feet above the surface of the water, and the sea wa-s smooth. If I saw his head I could not distinguish it from his body, though there were sea-faring men near me who said they could distinctly see his head. I believe they spoke truth, but not having been much accustomed to look through a glass, I was not so fortunate. I never saw more than seven or eight distinct |K)rtions of him above the water at any one lime, and he appeared rough, though I suppose this apjicarancc was pro- duced bv his motion. When he di»apj>eared he apparently sank directly down like a rock. Capt. Beach has been in Boston for a week past, and I am informed that he is stiii there. An engraving from his drawing of the serpent has been or is now making in Boston, but I have not been able to ascertain how far his drawing is thought a correct representation. luwil! be observed that Mr. Nash speaks as if there were no doubt as to the existence of the mysterious stranger. And a contemporaneous account, like his, is generally by far the most satisfactory ; because when one undertakes to describe what he saw many years bet'ore. the distance of time and the unconscious mingling of circumstances may, unless great care is exercised and the mind remains perfectly clear, however honest, give a false coloring. Very aged people, in looking back upon events of their childhood, are proverbially prone to take up the magni- fying glass ; and being less liable than contemporaneous narrators Miscellaneous Notes. 243 to be confronted by living witnesses, if they err, are free from some of the restraints that he outside of conscience. It is not im'probable that this supposed representative of a tribe that existed in ages long past, if he has the temerity to continue his visits to our coast, may yet be captured, and the agitating questions concerning him settled. Major General Whiting. Rev. Mr. Whiting, the second minister of the first church of Lynn, and his descendants have been under notice several times in our pages. And it is perhaps well to add that Major General Whiting, of the Confederate army, in the great civil virar, who was considered, next to Beau- regard, the ablest officer in their engineer department, was a son of Col. John Whiting, and a lineal descendant from our venerated minister. In 1839 ^""^ graduated from the Public Latin School at Boston, and at West Point took the foremost rank in the engineer corps. He was in charge of the fortifications near Savannah, about the time the war broke out, was taken prisoner while in command of the Confederate forces at the mouth of Cape Fear river, and died while a prisoner in New York harbor. He is represented to have been a man of rare accomplishments. It is not to be doubted that many of those who espoused the Confederate cause, sincerely believed they were acting the part of true patriots, though it is difficult to understand how, some of the intelligent and humane leaders could have brought their minds to approve of a part at least of the principles contended for — especially those relating to slavery. They must have been laboring under a sort of self-delusion, as it cannot be supposed they acted without any systematic view of duty or right. Such a man as General Whiting is represented to have been, so un- disturbed by ambition or selfish aspiration, appears entirely out of place among those companions in the finally "lost cause," who, destitute of the higher principles that should regulate human conduct, were governed by insatiable thirst for political advance- ment or self-aggrandizement. If it were desirable to present a character in set-off to the individual vi'ho is the subject of this notice, we should refer to his no less prominent kinsman, the Hon. William Whiting, late of Boston, by whom the Whiting shaft in our Old Burying Ground 244 Miscellaneous Notes. was erected. He was as ardent a supporter of the Union cause as the other was of the Confederate ; was Solicitpr of the War Department, at Washington, from 1862 to 1865, performing the arduous duties with a zeal and fidelity that elicited the highest commendation, and by his writings — particularly those on the "War Powers under the Constitution of the United States," — materially strengthening the hands of the government. He was a descendant, of the seventh generation, from our beloved old minister, was born in 18 13, graduated at Harvard, in 1833, was admitted to the bar of Massachusetts and the United States Courts in 1838, was a Presidential Elector in 1868, and Repre- sentative of the Boston District in the Forty-third Congress. He took great interest in historical studies, was President of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society, and author of the highly-appreciated " Memoir of Rev. Samuel Whiting, D. D., and of his wife Elizabeth St. John," a beautiful volume of 334 pages, a copy of which the writer procured for our Public Library. He died a few years since. Poi.sT OF Pines — or Pines Point, or simply The Pines, as the former and familiar names were — is the easterly section, without any definitely marked boundaries, of old Chelsea (now Revere) Heach. Though in the adjoining county of Suflt)lk, it seems rather to be a mere territorial outpost of ancient Lynn. This beach was always beautiful, but in former years not much visited excepting by those who went with rickety cart and stum- bling dobbin to gather of the abundant up-castings of the sea, to enrich their farm lands ; and excepting, also, that in the warm season a rough sort of pic-nic party sometimes went over in boats^ or down in wagons to have a jolly time over their fish chowder, fried clams, and boiled lobster, washed down by the exhilarating drinks of the day. The land hereabout was of little value, for it could be turned to few profitable uses. A friend of the writer once refused to purchase a tract of several acres when the whole was ofixrred for a hundred and fifty dollars. There was, however, many years ago a sort of public house, where scant accommodations could be had ; a house not sustaining the most unblemished reputation, but jK-rhaps quite as good as is usually found in retired places near Miscellaneous Notes. 245 large cities ; but even that induced the visits of some who could appreciate the beauties of the place and perhaps see that in the future it would become of note. In later years one or two houses of greater pretension and better reputation appeared ; but the patronage was limited and the appointments not of the most genteel order. The road that led to the Point was round-about and in some places rough and exposed. There was little to attract the sportsman, or the shore fisherman ; neither was there much to be found among the sands and pebbles to interest the naturalist or curiosity seeker. Yet there seemed a tendency by degrees to recognise the Beach as a place for summer resort. But when the "Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Rail-road" was built, in 1875, the whole region was opened up at once, as it were, to thelight of day — the day of speculation, most certainly — and to the notice of people of refinement, as well as to fashionable pleasure seekers. Very rapid was the increase in the price of lands ; for which there can be little wonder, as the whole vicinity — the Revere and Chelsea hills, and the lawn-like levels — furnish some of the most charming views and salubrious airs that are to be found on the New England coast. And it can hardly be doubted that this well-favored region, with its wholesome breezes, bathing facilities, ease of access and befitting accommodations for all classes of visitors, will soon take rank as a most popular water- ing place. The Point of Pines, with its groves and its spacious and tasty architectural erections, now presents a remarkably pictur- esque appearance as viewed from the heights of Lynn. And when at evening the grounds are aglow with the brilliant electric lights, sharply defining the swaying branches and lightly gilding the ocean swells, and the capacious houses are illuminated, story above story, the scene is very striking — almost fairy like when is added the softened music of the band floating over the inter- vening waters. And in this we see what wonderful changes may suddenly, and as it were incidentally, take place by the accomplishment of some shrewdly conceived " public improvement," like the building of a small piece of road. And there are other places in our favored neighborhood fully as capable as that in question, of being brought into similar notice and made equally remunerative. 246 Miscellaneous Notes. Historic Tea. In our Annals, under date 1773, the destruc- tion of the tea, in Boston harbor, is spoken of. And in connec- tion it may be stated that at the National Sailors' Fair, held in Boston, in November, 1864, Mrs. E. N. Cheever contributed some of the tea from one of the fated chests. It was taken from the shoe of Ezekiel Cheever, of Saugus, one of the persons engaged in the destruction of the cargoes. He had stopped on his way- home, at the house of Col. Abijah Cheever, in Saugus, where it was emptied from his shoe, and preser%'ed. Resources and Supi'Lies. The ocean has always proved a hosjjitable friend to the people of Lynn, and they may well praise the sagacity of the shrewd forefathers who cast their destinies here upon its pleasant borders. It has yielded a great variety of fish, and a store of rich dressing for the arable lands. lo the indigent settler it was a never failing source of supply in the days of greatest need ; and to this day there has never been a time when the destitute could not resort to the lobster-rocks, the eel-beds, or the clam-banks, for a wholesome repast ; to say nothing of the cod, haddock, mackerel, and other finny varieties that abound ujwn our coast, nor of the shoals of alewives that occasionally appear in the streams that flow by some of our very doors. When we read of the destitution that season after season prevailed in some of the more inland settlements, of their some- times reaching the very verge of starvation, we are led most fully to realize the benefits of our ixjsition. At no period, during her whole history, has Lynn been com- pelled to call on her neighbors for assistance, though she has many times extended a helping hand to calls from others. It has often been a matter of wonder, that the early settlers in various parts of the old colony, should ever have found ihcm.selves in such straits for food as we read of their occasionally having been, for none of them were very far from the sea. It seems as if there must have been some sort of improvidence or lack of skillful management somewhere. But wc are not to judge them, and probably do not fully understand the diflficulties by which they were encompassed. The extraordinary fecundity of some of the smaller kinds of fish is well attested. That the milt of a single cod ** contains Miscellaneous Notes. 247 more animals than there are men on the earth," we are not prepared to dispute — certainly not from any actual enumeration ; nor would we undertake to deny that were it not for the gor- mandising propensities of the larger corsairs of the deep the smaller would so increase that ships would be obstructed in their movements ; yet we are prepared to say that some kinds, once abundant hereabout have almost entirely disappeared — salmon, shad,- and bass, for instance. As to shell-fish : the clam is yet measurably abundant, though the population is so rapidly increasing that his admirers are already beginning to fear great scarcity ; sixty years ago ten or twelve cents was a fair price for half a bushel. And as to lobsters, though large numbers are yet every year taken, about the rocks of Nahant and Swampscott, and out in deeper water, their haunts are so unceasingly invaded that even their graceful forms and sunny tempers, without the intervention of the strong arm of the law could not save them from apprehended extinction. Our present laws, with their rather severe penalties may succeed in affording future generations a taste of the delicate meat. Eels do not seem to elicit the tender sympathies of people, as do some of their companions of the shoals ; perhaps because they have the misfortune to so resemble snakes. They yet bed, in large numbers, in Saugus river and other places where soft, muddy bottoms are found, and in winter especially furnish to their captors many a savory meal. Tons of them were formerly taken, every winter, in the river alone. And the grim old iron workers'' had there a well-improved harvest field. The sportive little " nippers," are much less abundant about the rocks of Nahant, than formerly, if the testimony of the pretty amateur fishers who so unskillfully cast their lines is to be taken as conclusive. But we thankfully reiterate that the yielding sea has always proved a liberal friend to Lynn. Lynn, however, has likewise proved a friend to herself Our people have never been given to moroseness, or complaining. In the outset there was no aspira- ration for things too high ; and we have ever remained an industri- ous, working people — a people not unduly prone to speculative and haphazard enterprises. These habits, early established, have stood us in good stead, through the mutations of all our 248 Miscellaneous Notes. country's histor}', often saving from the disasters which ever attend fast living, whether in the individual or the community. Not having devoted her energies to employments such as sometimes result in the accumulation of great individual wealth, thereby creating withering social distinctions, Lynn has been remarkably free from the mischiefs, annoyances, and discomforts which always, in small communities, arise from class distinctions. What care we, if in former years some of our amiable neighbors affected to look down upon us as a community of humble plod- ders — what care we, now that we have, by our small gains, our industry and frugal habits, left them in the rear .^ \Vc wouUl not, however, assume a boastful tone, though it somehow does seem as if good example should not always be veiled. Our esteemed neighbors, Salem and Marblchcad, for instance, have hitherto directed their attention to pursuits widely differing from our own, and the results have differed accordingly. The commerce of the one and the fisheries of the other, with the attendant West India trade, have decayed, and they have already resorteil to other employments more likely to ensure the |)erma- ncnce of the thrift they so well deserve ; some of which employ- ments are akin to the once disdained business of Lynn — shoe manufacturing. But the good they have done the nation is not to be counterbalanced by any local hindrances. They long since ojK'ned sources of traffic which have added immcn.sely to the prosperity of the country, and rai.sed her name abroad. In this, it must be admitted, they arc entitled to rank above ourselves. The New Kngland fisheries, especially, were early looked upon by the British government with favor, though the later Naviga- tion Laws of the kingdom greatly interfered with their success. They were really imjxjrtant training schools for the supply of the commercial and naval marine of the father land. And finally, when the exigencies of the Revolution demanded the most harcky, skillful, and brave, forN the manning of her little navy, the eye of the nation was confidently turned, and turned with eminent success, to those robust wayfarers of the sex Such differences in the early economy of neighboring settle- ments should be kept in mind, if one is curious to trace the causes of social distinctions, and the cause of the high or low name a given place may receive. And they furnish, too, abun- Miscellaneous Notes. 249 dant reason for the repression of any feeling of sectional pride. Yet we must maintain that old Lynn has been a favored place, favored in the high scriptural sense of being oppressed neither by poverty nor riches. A^•CIEx\T Documents, Two or three years ago, Mr. James W. Webber, of Lowell street, in repairing a piece of old furniture, found, pressed in back of a drawer from which they had evidently fallen, two or three old, time-stained papers. Instead of burning them, as many would have done, he kindly handed them to the writer, to whom one at least proved of much interest, as it was a receipt written by an ancestor, a specimen of whose handwriting he had long desired to possess. Another, was the quaint public document that follows in which many who are interested in our local history, will recognize some old, familiar names : Essex, ss. To Joseph Newhall, Constable, In Lynn, March 3d, 1755, Greeting : In his majesties name you are Required to warn the Several Persons here after named, to attend att the house of Benjamin Bowdens on friday next, at two of the Clock in the afternoon, in order to take the oath to there office thay wair Chose to Serve in, this Day, and make Return of this your Doings, fail not. By order of the Select men. Joseph Fuller, town Clerk. Nathaniel Bancroft, Survar of high ways, Tithen man also. Amos & Joseph newhalls, fence viuer. David Gowan, Jur. & ) , A-braham welman \ '^^S reeves. The document is labelled, "1755. A warrant to warn Town officers." And on the back, besides the imperfect return, ap- pears this record : " At a meeting of the Select men, April 7, 1755, apinted Locker newhall, hog Reeve and Joseph Skinner, hog Reeve." This " Locker newhall," was the father of the noted Landlord Jacob Newhall, who, during the Revolution, kept the famous old Anchor Tavern — at that time under another •name — on the Boston road, in what is now East Saugus. The Joseph Fuller, who was Town Clerk, was chosen to the office that year, 1755, succeeding his kinsman John Fuller. The Fullers were farmers, and the family seat was at the westerly end of Waterhill, the present Cottage street running through 250 Miscellaneous Notes. a part of what was their noble orchard. It was here, too, that an ancient Indian encampment is supposed to have existed, as arrow-heads and implements used by the red men have been found. Hon. Joseph Fuller, the first State Senator from Lynn, [18 12] and a Representative for six years, likewise [1814] first President of the Mechanics — now the P'irst National — Bank, was of the old Fuller lijie, and born on that salubrious spot. Maria Augusta Fuller, the poetess, was a daughter of his. Speaking of the old document here copied, which is not of value excepting as a mere curiosity, leads to the remark that such chance-findings sometimes prove of exceeding importance. And if those who come across them, and to whom they arc of no interest, would take the trouble to hand them to some one who is in the way to understand their worth, a good end might often be subserved. FiKsr Sr.KMo.N. It has been stated in various publications that Rev. Mr. Phillips, of Lynn, preached the first sermon ever delivered in Waldo county, Maine. The Phillips family was early known in Lynn ; but there was no settled minister of the name. They api>ear to have at first located in Swampscott, where descendants yet remain, though they were soon found in various parts of the town. They were generally a thrifty, enterprising jxiople. The reverend gentleman referred to may have been a resident minister though not parochially settled. The sermon alludetl to was a funeral discourse on the death of General Samuel Waldo, who died on the 23d of May, 1759, at the age of 63. He was a distinguished officer, and a native of Ho.ston, though a resident of Maine ; was a Brigadier (ieneral at the capture of Louisbiirg. in 1745, owned extensive tracts on the Penobscot, and had made several voyages to the old country. In Drake's Biographical Dictionary, it is said: "There were remarkable coincidences between his life and that of his friend Sir William Pepperell. They lived in Maine, and were rich bachelors ; they were councillors together ; they commanded* regiments, and were together at Louisburg ; they passed a year together in Kngland ; were boni the same year ; and d»cd nearly at the same time." Mr. Phillips certainly had a good subject for an eloquent and pathetic discourse. Miscellaneous Notes. 251 The Hills of Lynn. Whoever has had an opportunity to range about the woody, rock-bound hills that skirt along our northern border, cannot have failed to perceive that we are sur- rounded by some of nature's most charming scenery. And the hills themselves, when viewed from the town, present features of romantic interest. Some slight idea of their appearance may be obtained from the little picture on page 224, of the present volume. Yet they appear, when seen from the water or from the shore-ward levels, of greater height than actual measurement determines. In the picture, the highest point, Reservoir Hill, is shown. And the following table gives the height of that and several other points within the old town limits, in feet : Reservoir Hill, 224 Dungeon Hills, .... 200 High Rock, 170 Sadler's Rock, 166 Lover's Leap 133 Egg Rock, 86 Sagamore Hill, .... 66 Bailey's Hill, (Nahant) . . 63 History of Lynn. The first edition of the History of Lynn appeared in four numbers, in 1829. The next edition was issued in 1844, in the form of an octavo of 278 pages. These were by Mr. Lewis, who died on the twenty-first of January, 1861. In 1865 appeared the edition bearing the imprint of that year. This was a volume of 620 octavo pages, and is the one so many times referred to in the present work as the " 1865 edition of the History of Lynn," and which contains the " Annals," from the time the settlement commenced, in 1629 down to the close of 1864. It embraced the whole of Mr. Lewis's work, with addi- tions and a continuation down to the time of its publication, by James R. Newhall. The volume now in the reader's hands, and which is by the individual last named, takes up the " Annals " where the 1865 edition left them, and continues on to 1882, with the addition of many pages of historical matter relating to de- tached topics. It will be perceived that Mr. Lewis's contribution was not very great, if only the number of pages is taken into view. But when his arduous labors in collecting in so new a field, his care- fulness, and the rich suggestiveness of his pages are considered, all wonder at the high praise bestowed on him ceases. And it is a matter of keen regret that his labors were confined to so limited a sphere as a single town. He did, indeed, many years 252 Miscellaneous Notes. ago, propose preparing a history of Boston, which would in some sense have been a history of the whole State, or indeed of all New England, And why he failed to execute his purpose is not known. Some very worthy people manifested a deep interest in his plan ; but perhaps the pecuniary aid was lacking, for it is as generally true that those whose energies are devoted to nourish- ing the jjurse have little regard for the nourishment of the mind, as that those who minister to the mind neglect the purse. Mr. Drake, in the preface to his History of Boston, published in 1856, very kindly says that if Mr. Lewis had written a history of that city, there would have been no need of his own work. Discomforts of Travel. It is well known that along in the latter part of the last century and the early part of the present, the few shoe-manufacturers whose trade extended beyond Boston, were subjected to hardships and discomforts of which the manu- facturers of this day know nothing ; not the least of which were their tedious journeys to New York and places farther south, to dispose of their shoes and collect, or try to collect, their dues. The writer has heard good old Col. Brimblecom, whose manufac- tory and dwelling were on the lonely Turnpike near the Franklin street crossing, and who died in 1850, describe some ot his expeditions in a manner to which it was doubtful whether laugh- ter or tears were most appropriate. In the early part of this century President Quincy, who was wooing the fair lady of New York who afterwards became his wife, speaks thus feelingly of the difficulties that beset his way: " The carriages were old and the shackling and much of the harness made of ropes. One pair of horses carried us eighteen miles. We generally reached our resting place for the night, if no accident intervened, at ten o'clock, and after a frugal supper, went to bed with a notice that we should be called at three, next morning — wliich generally proved to be half past two. Then, whether it snowed or rained, the traveller must rise and make ready by the help of a horn lantern and a farthing candle, and proceed on his way, over bad roads, sometimes with a driver showing no doubtful symptoms of drunkenness, which good hearted passengers never failed to improve at every stopping place, by urging upon him the comfort of another glass of toddy. Miscellaneous Notes. 253 Thus we travelled eighteen miles a stage, sometimes obliged to get out and help the coachman lift the coach out of a quagmire or rut, and arriving in New York after a week's hard travelling, [from Boston] wondering at the ease as well as the expedition with which our journey was effected." Of course all the difficul- ties and disasters of the way were compensated for by the happy termination of the wooing. But the poor shoe-manufacturer was too often compelled to travel the route with misgivings that were not to be thus satisfactorily relieved. Perplexities and Duties of Authorship. In the Preface to the 1865 editon of our History, a word is said about the labor and perplexity attending the preparation of a work for the press, especially one in which a multitude of dates and facts appear. Dr. Livingstone, in the preface to his South African Researches says : " Those who have never carried a book through the press can form no idea of the amount of toil it involves." The toil, however, is not so great as the anxiety a careful author must feel to have his statements correct. Dates and facts are not always so readily obtained as the inexperienced may imagine. We remember that once, after a fruitless search for a certain date the thought occurred that it might be found on a grave-stone in the Old Burying Ground. The printer's call for "copy" was imperative ; and so, on a dreary winter night, borrowing a lantern of the undertaker and receiving his comforting caution to beware lest a bullet, intended by some wary watchman for a body-snatcher, should suddenly put a period to the search, we entered the ground, found the stone, and after scraping away the snow, were rewarded by finding the object searched for. This is given only as an illustration of what is often necessary to ensure accuracy, and to bespeak indulgence for trifling errors. In the Preface first mentioned, too, a word is said about the redundant, inappropriate, and often ridiculous use of titles in which we Americans indulge. The writer has been somewhat sparing in the use of the titular pepper-box, believing that such free application of nominal distinctions seldom adds to the dignity of a name, though sometimes useful for identification. Horace Smith defines " Esquire " as " a title very much in use by vulgar people." But on this subject nothing further need be said here. 254 Miscellaneous Notes. Fkee Public Forest. Glen Lewis. On page 90 of the present volume the reader may find a brief account of a "Camp Day " of the " Exploring Circle." And to the few remarks there made a little something should be added, as the movement has now assumed a rather more definite shape. The intelligent and public-spirited gentlemen who enlisted in the praise-worthy "Free Public Forest" enterprise, soon formed themselves into a voluntary association, having in view, briefly, the preservation, as far as possible, of the extensive range of forest that traverses our northern border, and its devotion to the free use of the public, forever — a noble purpose, most surely. The association is not a legally incorporated body, but an entirely voluntary one, and dependent for its success upon the good-will and contributions of the people. Of course, as respon- sibilities increase and perplexing questions arise, it may become necessary to introduce new features into the organization ; but for the present nothing further seems required, as the trustees, in whose hands the general management now rests, are of a character that cannot fail to command the confidence of their fellow-citizens. In time, others, of a diflerent order, may be called to occupy their places, and further safeguards become necessary. Yet. should any rights be invaded,, protection may always be found in the courts, for they cannot, if they would, put themselves beyond the jurisdiction of at least a court of equity ; and as to the present officers, we are sure they would not plant themselves outside of the law, if they could, however strong a temptation might arise. On the thirtieth of May — Memorial Day — 18S2, another Camp Day was held, far back in the woods, at which the principal ceremony was the consecration of Glen Lewis — a wild and secluded spot in the extensive tract known as Blood Swamp. The ceremonies were of a character similar to those spoken of on page 90, before referred to, with the addition of certain features appropriate to the leading purpose. The day was pleasant, and there, surrounded by the budding beauties of the season, the large company of ladies and gentlemen, youthful and mature, passed some very enjoyable hours in witnessing ceremonials induced by a warm desire to duly honor the memory of Lynn's esteemed historian and bard. Miscellaneous Notes, 255 Whether any present were actuated by awakened consciences, and desired to atone for former neglects, or had any to atone for, may not be inquired into here. But it is not to be denied that Mr. Lewis, during his Hfe, did not receive from the great body of his fellow-citizens the consideration which his talents and services merited. His literary efforts, perhaps we should say aside from his history, were not duly appreciated ; and the pecu- niary returns were meagre. • He was keenly alive to the opinions of others, and delighted with expressions of approval, especially when those expressions appeared in print. And his life would have been rendered vastly more happy, if he had received, while among us, but a small portion of the praise that has been awarded since his decease, and which was justly his due. Posthumous acknowledgments are pleasant to the friends of departed ones ; but it is doubtful if the departed themselves can be much moved by them. The writer is not unmindful of his own short-comings, and in the biographical sketch in the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, has endeavored to present some of the points of character wherein our friend was clearly misunderstood and consequently misjudged. That Mr. Lewis, especially in the earlier stages of his literary career, was extremely sensitive in matters touching his growing fame, and a little jealous of the aspirations of others, may not be disputed ; nor can it be disputed that occasionally, by some singularly unfortunate assumption, he exposed himself as a conspicuous mark for the shafts of criticism. But his appeals usually had in them such a measure of good sense and such a worthy purpose, that they could be counted as good seed, a little unwisely scattered. Among other things, with now and then a needlessly tart ex- pression, he deprecated the disposition to undervalue the efforts of natives. In an "open letter" to the writer, dated October i, 1833, and addressed through the columns of a Boston paper, he says: "I have long observed the disposition prevalent in this town, to put down every individual, that was a native of it, who possessed any unfortunate tendency to rising. It is a disposition that appears to prevail in this town more than in any other, with which I am acquainted. Other towns know that the honor of their sons is their own, and they conduct accordingly. If they can 256 Miscellaneous Notes. promote the welfare or advancement of an individual, they con^ sider that an equal amount is added to their own. But it would seem as if we acted on a principle exactly different ; for it too often happens that they who manifest the greatest degree of public spirit, and do the most for the town, fare the worst." The foregoing somewhat acidulous sentences it will be no- ticed, were written about fifty years ago. And it may not be. improper to ask if there has been much improvement since. The letter was elicited by the only occasion where a disagree- ment between Mr. Lewis and the writer culminated in a news- paper controversy ; and it is believed the result was in no small degree beneficial ; it certainly was to one of us, and perhaps to both. The true theor)', undoubtedly is, that ever)' community should make use of the best talent it possesses, whatever the origin ; but a native should not be denied an equal chance, as Mr. Lewis seemed to think he often was. And it certainly does, in some instances, look as if one native thought there never could be a fellow-native equal to a transplanted resident. It is not easy to determine whether Mr. Lewis preferred fame as a poet or historian. His writings were about as voluminous in one department as the other, though it was apparent that certain critics did not consider him equally successful in both. Many a time have we looked back to the cheerless day on which the remains of our friend were conveyed to their last resting place, with feelings of deep sadness. The funeral service took place on the twenty-third of January, 1861, in the Central Congregational Meeting-house, on Silsbee street. It was a dreary day, without, though no storm was actually raging ; and within, there was little to relieve the dreariness. The house was cold, and the sombre exercises quite brief No remarks touching the ability, character, or merits of the departed, were made ; indeed there was nothing beyond the reading of some passages of Scripture, a prayer, and a few strains of sacred mu- sic — such an apparently empty ser\'ice being very uncommon in a Congregational place of worship, hereabout, on the occasion of a burial, at that period. But the saddest part of the whole was the singularly small attendance. And as, in passing out, we paused in the porch, almost alone, to take a last look upon that manly face, upturned in the casket, we almost fancied that Miscellaneous Notes, 257 the pallid lips would part, and the well-known voice in sorrow ask, " Where, now, are all my worthy friends ? " And what answer could there be, but the chilling echo, " Where ? " That Mr. Lewis's poetic conceptions led him to admire the picturesque and beautiful in every department of nature, is true ; but it is likewise true that he had his preferences. The drowsy silence of the woody glen had its attractions ; but as a retreat in which to meditate, he would rather have sought some rocky niche by the sea, where the lulling melody of the peaceful, or the stern harmony of the storm-tossed, waves, was ceaselessly heard. His loved home, against whose very walls the sea murmured its matins and vespers, sufficiently evinces this. And by the sea would he have had his last resting place, pleading therefor in these imploring strains : O bury me not in the dark old woods. Where the sunbeams never shine ; • Where mingles the mist of the mountain floods With the dew of the dismal pine ! But bury me deep by the bright blue sea, I have loved in life so well ; Where the winds may come to my spirit free, And the sound of the ocean shell. It is hoped that none of the foregoing remarks will be regarded as made without a purpose, or in a captious spirit. The occasion of the consecration of the Glen was a highly interesting one, and forced upon the writer reflections, some of which, thus expressed, may awaken in other minds considerations leading to results beneficial to all of us. The Mayflower. In the Calendar of British State Papers, under date April 12, 1588, is found the following: " Thos. San- dyll. Mayor, and Aldermen of King's Lynn, to the Council : Pray them to direct letters to the town of Blakeney and other members of the port which refused to contribute their share towards the furnishing of the ships required. They are willing to furnish the Mayflower, of Lynn, of 150 tons, and a fine pinnace, to join her majesty's fleet." It would probably be esteemed an honor, by some of us, to discover a connection, however remote, between Lynn and the famed Mayflower ; and hence it may be gratifying to have it appear that the vessel here named, was 17 258 Miscellaneous Notes. the renowned little rover the seas that afterwards brought the pilgrims, with their thousands of tons of trumpery to " wild New England's shore." King's Lynn, from which our own city derived its name, was not, indeed, noted for its puritanical pro- clivities, but as " business is business," would no doubt have been ready, for a consideration, to enter into negotiations touch- ing the emigration had they still owned the favored craft. The stated tonnage, though it does not exactly tally, yet comes so near that it may well be taken as some evidence of identity. First Church Celebration. On the eighth of June, 1S82, a very interesting celebration took place — the celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the " First Church of Christ in Lynn" — one of the very few churches that have remained steadfast in the faith of the New England fathers. It was something more than a mere society or denominational observance, being one well calculated to enlist the sympathies and stir the feelings of all natives of the town, and to interest all who have a regard for her prosperity and good name. Yet it must be admitted that the attendance on the various exercises was not so large as might have been expected, the weather, in particular, being propitious. No doubt many forbore to susjicnd their ordinary avocations, in the belief that the good things to be said would immediately be published in a form that could be perused at any leisure hour. Hut the absentees lost much in failing to witness features that lay beyond the reporter's skill. They would have been especially pleased with the air of cordiality and Christian fer\or that pervaded all the proceed- ings. There was, however, a very fair attendance, and that by no means confined to members of the society. Among the vis- itors from abroad was the Rev. Dr. Henry M. Dexter, one of the most prominent of our New England scholars and divines ; an accomplished antiquary and author of various works, among which is the highly-commended " History of Congregationalism." He is a lineal descendant from farmer Thomas Dexter, who conspicuously figured in our early history, and. for a long time kept the town authorities in a disturbed state by persistently urging his claim to the whole territory of Nahant, under a purchase from the Indian sagamore Poquanum — otherwise called Miscellaneous Notes. 259 Duke William, or Black Will — for a suit of clothes, in 1630. As editor of a leading religious paper. Dr. Dexter has done much to defend the ancient " orthodox " faith, against the inroads of modern "liberalism," There were also present other conspic- uous individuals from abroad, some of whom took part in the proceedings. The exercises consisted of addresses appropriate to the occa- sion, interspersed with sacred music ; the principal address being an historical one by the pastor. Rev. Walter Barton. And at noon an excellent collation was provided, sufficient for the abun- dant supply of all present, who desired to partake. The deco- rations, floral and otherwise, were in good taste, and everything conspired to make the occasion one most enjoyable and pleasant to be remembered. The following is a list of the ministers of this venerable parish from the commencement of worship here to the present time. 1632, Stephen Bachiler. 1636, Samuel Whiting. 1637, Thomas Cobbet, (colleague.) 1680, Jeremiah Shepard. 1680, Joseph Whiting, (colleague.) 1720, Nathaniel Henchman. 1763, John Treadwell. 1784, Obadiah Parsons. 1794, Thomas Gushing Thacher. 1813, Isaac Hurd. 1818, Otis Rockwood, 1832, Da- vid Peabody. 1836, Parsons Cooke. 1865, James M. Whiton, 1872, Stephen R, Dennen. 1876, Walter Barton. Rev. Joseph Cook, who afterwards became noted here and in Europe as a lecturer on ethical subjects, was stated minister for some months preceding the settlement of Mr. Dennen. Protestant Episcopal Worship, There was no Protestant Episcopal Church edifice in Lynn, for more than two centuries after the settlement began. It was in i8i9that the first attempt to form a Parish was made ; but nothing permanent was effected. In 1836, Christ Church Parish was organized, and during the follovying year the modest house of worship on North Common street, between Franklin avenue and Hanover street, was conse- crated. It is a wooden structure, faithfully represented by the engraving appended to this notice. But Christ Church Parish did not long sustain itself In 1844, the now flourishing St. Stephen's Parish was organized, and continued to worship in the old edifice till November, 1881, when the elegant Memorial 2<3o Miscellaneous Notes. Church, on South Common street, was consecrated, and immedi- ately occupied. This church, the most costly public building yet erected in Lynn, with the exception of the City Hall, was the gift of Hon. Enoch Redington Mudge, of whom a notice may be found in our Annals, under date i88\ ; and under the same date an account of the consecration services nT>'-«e-irs. The following is a complete list of the ministers who served in this first Episcopal Church in Lynn. 1836, Milton Ward. 1837, George Waters. 1839, Frederic J. W. Pollard. 1841, William A. White. (Lay Reader.) 1844, George D. Wildes. 1846. Isaac W. Hallam. i860, Edward H. True. 1863, George S. Paine. 1865. Gordon M. Bradley. 1868, Benjamin W. Att- wcll. 1870, Eilward L. Drown. 1 876, Louis DeCormis. ICccLESL\STicAL PROCEEDINGS, In connection with the two next preceding Notes, a few remarks may be made, though it can hardly be required to go much into detail, especially in the matter of statiskcs, for the carefully prepared works that have of late from time to lime appeared, give all the necessary infor- mation. Yet this is perhaps as suitable a place as any for an Miscellaneous J\otes. 261 observation or two of a historical nature, designed, so far as the)' go, to supplement those in our former edition. Lynn, as has already appeared, had her share in the ecclesiastical agitations of the olden time ; but she came forth from her trials as bright as any. Whoever takes pains to examine the court files, will be satisfied that there always existed an under-tide of free thought which could not be suppressed, however it might be driven to conceal- ment by stormy malediction or by the strong arm of the law. Enough has been said touching the persecutions of the Quakers and Baptists — to say nothing of the antinomian come-outers — for their alleged heresies of opinion ; heresies that were the natural result of the admitted right of individual interpretation of Scripture. " Read your Bible," said the good old father, " and whatsoever doctrine you there find, that follow." " I do, by God's help, honestly and prayerfully," replies the recusant. " O, but you understand and interpret amiss, and cannot be permitted to promulgate your poisonous errors," is the rejoinder. The jurisdictions of church and state were very closely interwoven in the legislative proceedings of our early times ; and hence it has been said, the persecutions for deviation in doctrine were: simply punishments by the civil authorities for breaches of positive law. It was, indeed, a time when errors of faith were regarded, all over the Christian world, as offences against the state.. The Inquisition itself turned over to the secular authorities subjects for the auto-da-fe. But many of our New England fathers had a more rational conception of human rights, and the true princi- ples of human government, and might reasonably have been ex- pected to avoid those grosser fallacies that elsewhere held sway. Most of the present shades of belief can easily be traced. And the following instance of the out-cropping of Universalism, that singularly enough seems to have passed on to atheism, which took place as early as 1684, is a case in point, and is found in detail in the county court proceedings : Joseph Gatchell, of Marblehead, " not hauing the feare of God before his eyes, being instigated by the devill, at the house of Jeremiah Gatchell, in discourse ab' generall Salvation (w* he s'^ was his beleife) & that all men should be saved, being answered that our Saviour Christ sent forth his disiples and gave them comission to preach the Gospell, and that whosoever Repents and believes shall be 262 Miscellaneous Notes. sailed ; to which Joseph Gatchcll Answered if it be so he was an Imperfect saviour and a foole. And this was a yeare agoe and somewhat more, as p' the evidences of EHzabeth Gatchell and since in the moneth of March last past and at other times and places hath uttered seuirall horrid blasphemous speeches saying ther was no God dcvill or hell as in and by their evidences may appeare, contrary to the peace of our Souiraigne Lord the King his croune and dignity the law of God & of this Jurisdic- tion." For his utterances Mr. Gatchell was " sentenced to be returned from this place to the pillory, to have his head and hand put in. have his toung drawn forth out of his mouth and peirct through w'*' a hott Iron then to be returned to the prison there to Rcmayne until he sattisfye and pay all y« charges of his tryall and (Tees of Court w'^'' came to scucn pounds." The remark is now often heard that the differences between religious denominations are rapidly lessening ; that the old walls of partition are crumbling. There can be no doubt that this is, in general, quite true. We frequently see Baptists, Methodists, Trinitarian and Unitarian Congrcgationalists, and others, meeting on the same platform, shaking hands, and congratulating each other on their fraternal nearness. This, though it sometimes seems to arise rather from indifference to any religion at all, than from true spirituality, is, at least in a social view, an im- provement on the old, inflexible ways. There are at present in Lynn twenty-five religious societies, standing denominationally as follows : Methodist, (I .African) .... 7 , Protestant Episcopal i Baptist, 5 Congregational. (Unitarian) . . i CongTcgalional, (Trinitarian) . . 4! Friends' i Roman Catholic 2 1 Second Advent t Universalist, 2 Christian, i Rev. Samuel Kertland, who, by request of the Provincial Congress, labored with the Indians of the Six Nations, at the opening of the Revolution, to induce them to espouse the Ame- rican cause, and was to a considerable extent successful, espe- cially with the Oneidas, was a direct descendant from Philip Kertland, the first Lynn shoemaker. Kertland street, has the honor of perpetuating the name. Miscellaneous Notes. 263 Immigration of Rodents. In our Annals, under date 1861, appears some account of the famous Nahant Hotel, a huge structure, which, after an unsuccessful career of some years, as a watering-place hotel, was destroyed by fire on the night of Sep- tember 12, of that year. Romantic stories were long current about the annual emigration of rats from Lynn, to its hospitable precincts. An old resident solemnly affirmed that he had seen troops of the gluttonous animals wending their way over the beaches towards those luxurious quarters on the opening of the season ; asserting, with a positiveness that he seemed to think ought to insure belief, that on one occasion he had seen an old blind rat with a long straw in his mouth, by which some of the younger ones piloted him along. Rats are known to be remark- ably sagacious animals, and of extraordinary acuteness of scent. Some may have been toled up from their hiding places among the rocks ; but travelling over the beaches is quite another thing. l"he story, however, is not more wonderful than some other stories told of transactions about that celebrated house. The oldest portion of this Hotel was built in 1819 ; and by a marvelous coincidence — perhaps we should say gracious prov- idence — it was hardly finished when the astounding news of the first appearance of the sea-serpent in the offing, took the country by surprise. In the first edition [1829] of the History of Lynn appeared a fine engraving of the house as it then stood — picturesque and beautiful — with its airy piazzas and sunny surroundings. And in the 1865 edition there was an engraving of it as it appeared at the time of its destruction, in 1861. The history of this noted establishment furnishes some weighty lessons for enter- prising landlords to ponder over. Defense of Boston. At the building of the fort in Boston harbor, in 18 13, some eighty-five of the patriotic men of Lynn volunteered to labor on the works, one day. Early in the morn- ing they left town, with drum and fife, rode to Winnesimmet ferry, and were thence taken by boats to the fortification, where they industriously worked during the day, and marched home about nine o'clock in the evening, in jolly trim, as might have been expected from such an expedition. 264 Miscellaneous Notes. Lynn Post-office. The Post-oflFice was established in 1793, the population being then about 2.500 — including Lynnfield. Saugus, Swampscott, and Nahant. Ebenezer Breed, a native of the section now known as West Lynn, and who was at that time a prominent business man in Philadelphia, but who became reduced, and died in our alms-house, on the 23d of December, 1839, at the age of 74, was chiefly instrumental in securing its establishment. Previously to that time the Lynn people received their mail matter at Boston. It was ten years before the Turn- pike was opened, and forty-five before the Rail-road was built, lioston street still being the chief avenue of travel and business. A biographical notice of Mr, Breed may be found in the 1865 edition of our History. Col. James Robinson was the first post-master. He lived in the ancient house, built in or about the year 1700, still standing on i^oston street at the south-cast corner of North Federal, and kept the office in a small building near the house. A large family of sons and daughters were there born to him, and the writer holds occasional correspondence with descendants of his now dwelling in widely separated and distant parts of the country, where they maintain honorable positions. Like many others who in active manhood did much to advance the interests of Lynn, he died in indigence and comparative obscurity. Col. Robinson was succeeded in the office, in 1802, by his brother-in-law. Major Ezra Hitchings, a biographical notice of whom the reader may find by turning to page 154 of the present volume. He continued the office in its first location, in connec- tion with his West India goods and grocery store, for the few months he held the position. In 1803, Samuel Mulliken became post-master. And the Turnpike being opened that year and diverting the travel and business from Boston street, he removed the office to the south end of Federal street, where, and in the vicinity, it remained till the Rail-road was built, at which time it began to move towards its present location on Market street, halting for a brief space on South Common street, corner of Pleasant. Mr. Mulliken was a man of worth, and at one time did a large business in tanning and the morocco line. He possessed some occasionally uncom- fortable gifts, among which was a notably uncompromising will. Miscellaneous Notes. 265 which sometimes led to untoward consequences. A whimsical instance is given in our Annals, under date 1847, where a brief notice of him appears. The entire line of post-masters is as follows: 1793, James Robinson. 1802, Ezra Hitchings. 1803, Samuel Mulliken. 1807, Elijah Downing. 1808, Jonathan Bacheller. 1829, Jere- miah C. Stickney. 1839, Thomas J. Marsh. 1841, Stephen Oliver. 1842, Thomas B. Newhall. 1843, Benjamin Mudge. 1849, Abner Austin. 1853, Jeremiah C. Stickney. 1858, Leo- nard B. Usher. i86r, George H. Chase. 1869. John Batchelder. 1877, John G. B. Adams. Lynn Fire Department. The means supplied for protection against fire have long been the boast of our people. We have hitherto been singularly favored in freedom from such great losses by fire as most places of so extended a history as ours have suffered ; and well may we fervently pray for a continuance of our good fortune. But security will be most certain to result from un relaxed preparation. The Department is now well provided with discreet officers and alert men, trained horses and approved " machines." There are five engines, worked by steam, and a number of chemical extinguishers ; several thousand feet of hose, ladders, hooks, and all other things necessary for an efficient contest with the fiery element. Then we have about the streets 453 iiydrants, 19 reservoirs, and numerous wells, to say nothing of our brooks and ponds, Saugus river, and the Atlantic ocean. The number of fire alarms during 1881, was 122. And the total loss was ^199.544.50; of which ;^i6i. 877.50 were returned by way of insurance. As the city year by year becomes more compact, and taller buildings and those less isolated are erected in the different neigh- borhoods, it is evident that tireless vigilance will be required to preserve our traditional immunity. As to the past, we can only speak favorably ; and there seems no reason to apprehend that in the future we may not have as good a record. There is, indeed, an old insurance maxim, declaring that all " wooden " towns, and all large towns, must sooner or later have a sweep- ing conflagration ; but let no one be disturbed by it, though all 266 Miscellaneous Notes. of us have some tincture of fatalism ; let us rather endeavor to show that there may be at least one exception. Our authorities have all along been prompt in adopting such new measures and procuring such new appliances as promised most favorably ; and a policy of that order, in municipal affairs, is, notwithstanding all murmuring and discontent, the most approved and satisfactory, whatever the result. Why, supposing the authorities had refused to procure steamers, or to establish the electric alarm, or furnish hydrants — what would have been the effect, in many conceivable ways ; on insurance rates, for in- stance ; to say nothing of comfort and safety .'' Even Boston worked the old hand " machines " till within a few years ; but it was because nothing better was known. Possibly .somewhere in the future an invention will be made to supersede the best we now have ; and when it comes, undoubtedly it will be welcomed by all who are most faithful to our municipal interests. Lynn School.s. So many allusions have been all along made in our History, in relation to the Schools, their grades and con- dition, that nothing more than a remark or two and a brief summary can now be desirable. The boast that these primary seats of learning, in our day, are far superior to anything known in former years, is often heard. Hut is it exactly so ? They arc unquestionably superior in costliness, elegance of appoint- ment and variety of studies. But arc they suj>erior in adaptation to existing wants } In former years, such studies were pursued as best prepared the pupil to meet the requirements of the position he was in homely honesty expected to occupy in after life; not such a position as imaginative parental atTection might picture. There is so much knowledge, the possession of which is sure to add to our well-being, that it seems unwise to occupy ourselves in efforts to gain that which is of doubtful utility. It has been said that all knowledge is useful ; but that must be understood in a limited sense ; most certainly al! knowledge is not equally useful. No one can learn everything, as life is not long enough for that ; and hence, is it not the part of wisdom to learn as thoroughly as may be, that which is indispensable, or sure to be most useful ? There is a gray-headed aphorism that speaks of the jack-at-all- Miscellaneous Notes. 267 trades being good at none ; and why not apply the suggestion to the departments of learning? Our venerated fathers, practical and shrewd, kept these things in view. We their children are more prone to theorise ; more charmed with the ideal ; perhaps a little more under fancy's lead. But it may be asked, Is not the mind more fully developed and strengthened, better disciplined and polished, through these modern requirements — are not more extensive, beautiful, and ennobling avenues of thought opened through such means } This is a point for the wisest to discuss. And some philosophical " exploring circle " may yet discover a way out of the difficulties that beset the great educational interest. Every true philanthro- pist will pray for the adoption of any course that will make men better and happier ; for there yet linger in the world vice and misery enough to call for determined warfare with the best vi^eapons we can find. The studies in our common schools, are however, apparently to an injudicious extent, prescribed by statute ; and hence to the local supervisors entire freedom of action is not allowed ; but there are so many details to be observed, so much care and oversight to be exercised, that their sphere of duty is large and their labors great. The School Committee is wisely made by law, to a considerable extent, an independent board, a board not to be controlled by the caprices of any other body, whose line of duty may not be expected to embrace special qualifications. The full and perspicuous reports made annually by the Com- mittee furnish all the information that can be needed by our fellow-citizens to understand the condition and requirements of the entire educational interest. And a few statistical items only need be added here. It is easier for lookers-on to make suggestions, perhaps very good in themselves, than to show how they can be properly dove-tailed into a system ; but it is yet true that useful suggestions may sometimes come from minds hardly expected to bear ripened fruit. There seems no reason to doubt, that wuth here and there an exception, those selected to supervise our schools are actuated by a sincere desire faithfully to perform their responsible duties, and endeavor to adopt the best means to accomplish the best ends. Number of Schools. The whole number of our Public Schools, 268 Miscellaneous Notes. in 1 88 1, was 64: namely, i High School ; 7 Grammar Schools ; 55 Primary Schools ; i Evening Drawing School. School Houses: These are in number as follows: for High School, I ; for Grammar Schools, 7 ; for Primary Schools, 21 ; and there are 7 Primary Schools in Grammar School-houses. Teachers. Whole number in clay Schools. nS; in evening Drawing School, 3. Pupils. Number belonging to all the day Schools, between the ages of 5 and i $ years, 5.516 ; of the age of 15. and upwards. 400 ; making the pupils in the day Schools, 5.916. High School Graduates, June i, 1881, 30. Cost of Support. Th«^ following extract from the Report of the Committee for 1881, sufficiently exhibits the items of expen- diture : The charge upon the city for the maintenance of its system of public schools has been $93,677 17. divided into the following items ofcxpenditure : Teachers' salaries. $65,823 79 School-houses and repair 6.042 65 Apparatus and furniture, 2.05S 69 Care of school-houses. ... 6.43878 Fuel, 5.030 86 Books and stationer)-, 5-452 45 Printing. .... 1.2S5 63 Incidentals. 1-544 32 Total, 593.677 17 To gain some knowledge of the increase in our school system. the reader can refer to the brief summary on page 586 of our 1865 edition. The number of schools at that lime was 48 ; teachers. 59 ; pupils. 4.332. Lynn Newsp.vper.s. The proximity t)f Lynn to Boston and Salem, may be sufficient to account for our not having had a local newspaper before the year 1825. And for forty years after that date it can hardly be claimed that we had a permanently successful publication, in a pecuniary way, though there were three or four that by their ability and usefulness well deserved success. But within the last few years a great advance has been made. The papers are now much better, as a general thing, and much cheaper ; and they have greatly improved in the quality of the paper, the printing, and in the mechanical aspect generally; excepting that just now it is the fashion to make such displays Miscellaneous Notes. 269 in the advertising columns that some have the appearance of tradesmen's handbills. The relative number of readers has increased quite as rapidly as anything connected with the business. At the time Mr. Lummus published the Mirror, four hundred subscribers were thought a goodly number for a country weekly ; and thus it was, with here and there an exception, for many years. Indeed the great bulk of working people thought they could not afford to take a paper ; and it was not difficult after a little experience, for a publisher to know on just what individuals to call, with any prospect of success, when he set out on his soliciting tours. The writer well remembers a conversation with Mr. Lummus, during which, in his hyperbolical way, he remarked after this sort : Why, I know just who will take a paper ; I can get four hundred subscribers for anything I will print ; but I can't get four hundred and one — without I will accept a Woodender ; and do you sup- pose I would do that ? His antipathy to the people of Woodend would often crop out in that brusk way. Yet it is doubtful whe- ther the feeling was not rather feigned than real, for some of his best friends and correspondents lived in that section — Mr. Lewis and Enoch Curtin, for instance. But his tart declaration that if certain persons wanted his paper they would have to move out of Woodend to get it, was made while he was actually crossing their names from the carrier's list. The papers were then published strictly on the subscription plan, the purchase of single copies being almost unknown. We now [1882] have in Lynn two dailies and four weeklies, that circulate their thousands ; and by the ability and industry of their conductors deserve the success they enjoy. In addi- tion to this home supply, thousands of papers from Boston and other places are every day sold in our streets. The Lynn papers are at this time as follows : Daz/y Evening Item, established in 1877. TJie Lynn Bee, (daily) established in 1880. The Lynn Reporter, (weekly) established in 1854. The Lynn Transcript, (weekly) established in 1867. The Lynn City Item, (weekly) established in 1876. The Lynn Union, (weekly) established as The Lynn Record, in 1872 — adopting the name of the old Record, of 1S30. 270 MiSCKI.LANEOUS NOTES. Lynn Hospital. This beneficent institution was incorporated in 18S0, and after a thorough examination into the merits of several proposed locations, early in 1882 the Hathorne estate, so called, on Boston street, was purchased as a site for the necessary buildings. It is on the southerly side of the street, a few rods east of Franklin. The brook which runs from FIa.\ Pond flows in front, and in the vicinity rise abrupt woody hills, with here and there a towering porphyry cliff; the whole surroundin;; being strikingly picturesque. It is in the quarter known from early times as Mansfield's Knd. Deacon Mansfield's house stood on the hospital grounds ; and there, also, one or two other con- spicuous individuals of the name resided. And being on the principal thoroughfare, some of the most j)rominent people of the town lived in the vicinity. The old mansion standing at the time the hospital corporation purchased, was long known as the Deacon P'arrington house, that dignitary having lived there for some years. Long afterwards it was occupied by Capt. John White, of the United States navy, who, in addition to his fame as a naval commander, gained some reputation as an author. Subsequently it was occupied by Rev. Mr. Harlow, second min- ister of the Unitarian society, and later still by William Hathorne, from whom it took the name of Hathorne house. The estate formerly embraced many acres ; and Washington street was extended over a portion. In our Annals, under date 1875, a *' Lynn Hospital " is sjMjken of as having been formally opened on the 31st of March, in the Phillips mansion, on Water Hill. The site was airy and pleasant, and the institution seemed to be doing much good. Hut the contributions for its support were not sufficient, and its doors were soon closed, much to the regret of worthy but not wealthy friends. Several liberal donations in aid of the funds of the present hospital have already been made, the largest of which was by John H. Alley — 310.000. John H. Tolman, an old Lynn printer, gave $2,500, in respect of his crafiship. And numerous other generous contributions have been made, some of hundreds of dollars, and thence down even to a few cents. Little tin recep- tacles were deposited all about the city, in convenient places, to receive the sanctified mite that even a poor widow might give. Miscellaneous Notes. 271 Population of Lynn. At this time [1882] the population no doubt is a very little above 40.000. The last numbering related to June i, 1880; and at that time we had 38.284; — males, 18.255 ; females, 20.029. From the first, there has been a steady, but not rapid accession. The first recorded census, [1765] gave the number of inhabitants as 2.198. In 1800, it was 2.837. In 1820,4.515. And for each ten years thereafter, the enumeration has stood as follows — Swampscott having been set off in 1852, and Nahant in 1853 : Years : : : : 183O 184O 185O 1 860 1870 1880 Population : : 6. 1 38 9.367 I4.257 I9.083 28.233 38.284 Streets of Lynn. The number of streets, the present year, [1882] is 509, and the lighting is by 313 gas burners and 253 kerosene lamps. The first paved street was Munroe ; and the paving was done during the summer of the year just named, the material being dimension granite blocks. It has hitherto been an expensive and laborious charge to keep our streets in a proper condition, for they are extensive and not in all cases laid upon the best bottoms. But yet they have been kept in remark- ably good repair, for we have had at hand a supply of serviceable material. Our many beautiful drives have long been a source of boasting for ourselves and of pleasure for visitors. When however, a place has attained a population of forty thousands, something more than crushed stone and gravel is needed on the constantly used avenues. Police Business — Police Court. The number of arrests for criminal offences, in 1881, was 1.289 ; among them, for drunken- ness, 771 ; assault and battery, 156; larceny, 89 ; truancy, 30 ; profanity, 27; vagrancy, 21 ; breaking and entering, 20; stubborn- ness, 16; malicious mischief, 13; violation of liquor law, 12; and one or more for almost every other offence known in the catalogue of crime. A large portion of the persons arrested were examined in the Police Court. Down to 1849, all justices of the peace here, had authority to try minor cases, civil or criminal. But population having then become considerable, it was thought best to have some more 272 Miscellaneous Notes. centralized and regular jurisdiction. In pursuance of this view the writer headed a petition to the town asking their intercession with the legislature for the establishment of a Police Court. The matter was favorably acted on, and the Court went into operation during that year. It was made a court of record, in 1862. And before it are tried the " small cawses," as they were called in colonial times, civil and criminal. It has a Standing Justice, two Special Justices, and a Clerk. Sec Annals, 1879. Children's Home. In 1881 a two-story wooden building was erected on Tower Hill, antl called by the above name — the purpose being to provide suitable nurture and education for exposed young children, to save them from the stigma of work- house life and from the sometimes worse consequences of vicious and degraded homes. The house occupies one of the most healthy and beautiful sites in all Lynn — airy, and commanding charming views. This unpretending institution can hardly fail to do a meritorious work, and may be the means not onlv of saving many from lives of degradation and misery, but of developing characters that will in a ten-fold degree repay all the cost and care that the benevolent enterpri.se will involve. At the opening of the Home, in 1882, sonic- twfiit v-fuf ihildnn were received from the alms-house Sr.\Ti.^Tic.\L Items. As elsewhere remarked, it can hardly be necessary to occupy much space with statistical details, as the information that is given year by year in our Annals, supplies all that will in most cases be desirable. And then, as to the management of our municipal aflairs : the annual reports from the various departments are so full and so accessible, that nothing beyond here and there a brief summary can now be needed. Yet, in a work of this kind, which in years hence may be looked to for information of almost every kind there is scarcely any topic that should be passed by in entire silence. The few items that follow relate to the year 1881, excepting where otherwise stated. Valuation and Taxation. The total valuation of the city was $24,992,084, viz: Real Estate, $19,036,008; Personal Estate, $5,956,076. Rateof taxation, $17.40 on $1,000. [In 1882 the valu- ation was a little lower, and the rate of taxation $21.00 on $1,000.] Miscellaneous Notes. 273 City Debt. Whole debt, ^2.208.000.00 ; but by certain assets, usual in municipal reckoning, the net amount of the debt was $1,646,633.94. Appropriations a7id Expenditures. Whole amount of appropri- ations, including certain receipts, ;^ 706.591. 15. Expenditures, ;^686. 5 7 1. 45. New Buildings. Two hundred and sixty-five buildings were erected during the year — 253 of wood, 11 of brick, and one of stone. 153 were dwellings. That the frequent removal of buildings, for which Lynn has been long noted, is a custom still in practice, is shown by the fact that during the year sixty- two were started on their travels. Number of Polls — 10.990. [In 1882, 11.465.] The number of Houses in Lynn, in 1882, was ^6.309. The number oi Horses, 1.962., The number of Cows, 438. Free Public Library. There is, and always has been, a steady accession to the number of volumes in this institution, from month to month, and, it is believed, a corresponding increase in its usefulness. The number of volumes at the close of 1881 was 30.500 — a very satisfactory growth from the 4000 of 1862. Number delivered during the year, 95.927. The largest number taken out in one day was on Saturday, March 5, when 972 were delivered. Pine Grove Cemetery. The number of interments in this beautiful burial place, during the year, was 418, which was a little more than half of the whole number who died, the other burial places receiving the remains of the others. The first inter- ment in this cemetery was on Sunday, October 13, 1850, when the remains of Harriet Newell, wife of George W. Stocker, were laid there. And the whole number of burials there has now reached 7.801. Vital Statistics. There were 799 deaths in Lynn, during 1 88 1, of which 153 were by consumption, 59 by pneumonia, 50 by diphtheria, 39 by cholera infantum, 24 by typhoid fever, and 6 by scarlet fever. Two hundred and seventy-two of the deceased were under the age of five years. Marriages. The number of marriages during 1881, was 513. Banks- — of discount and circulation, 4, with an aggregate capital of $1,000,000. Savings banks, 2. 18 274 MiscF.i.LANi.ous Notes. City Clerks. In our 1865 edition may be found a list of Clerks of tlic Writs and Town Clerks, extending back to the earliest days. It is unnccessar)' to repeat the list here. But it may be convenient for the reader to have by him the names of the City Clerks, in the order in which they served. And hav- ing at hand engraved fac-similes of their autographs it may not be amiss to use them, as they will not require much space, although one or two appear in other connections in the present volume. William Bassett — Served in i850,'5i and '52. Charles Merritt — Scr\cd in 1853, '54, '56, '57 and '5S. John Batchelder — Served in 1S55. Ephkai.m a. I nc.alls — Served in iSsgand '60. ^^.•;^/^ BemjamI.m H. Jo.VLi — Served fruni i^i to 1S75, both inclusive CiLARLES E. Parso.ns— Elected in 1S76, and yet [1882] in office. It need not be remarked that the Clerks are elected annually by the City Council. And the neatness and accuracy of the multifarious records are the best evidence that thus far no mistake in the choice has occurred. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. A GOOD Chronological Table is, of itself, a succinct history. And the following is inserted without hesitation, on account of its unquestionable usefulness, though it was prepared by the writer for the Centennial Memorial, in which and in the book giving an account of the proceedings on the celebration of our Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary, it substantially appeared. Additions, however, have been made, and occurrences down to 1882, noted. 1629. Five families, chief among them Edmund Ingalls and his brother Francis, arrive and commence the settlement. 1630. Thomas Newhall born — the first person of European parentage born here. Wolves kill several swine belonging to the settlers, September 30. Fifty settlers, chiefly farmers, and many of them with families, arrive and locate in different parts of the territory. 163 1. Governor Winthrop passed through the settlement, October 28, and noted that the crops were plentiful. 1632. First Church — fifth in the colony — formed ; Stephen Bachelor, minister. 1633. A corn mill, the first in the settlement, built on Strawberry brook. 1634. John Humfrey arrives and settles near Nahant street. The settlement sends her first Representative — Capt. Nathaniel Turner — to the General Court. William Wood, one of the first comers, publishes " New Englands Prospeft.' 1635. Philip Kertland, the first shoemaker, arrives. 1637. Name of the settlement changed from Saugus to Lynn. At this time there were thirty-seven plows in the colony, most of them in Lynn. Settlement of Sandwich commenced by emigrants from Lynn. 1638. Firstdivision of lands among the inhabitants. 1639. Ferry established across Saugus river. First bridge over Saugus river at Boston street crossing built. 1643. Iron works established near Saugus river ; the first in America. 1644. Hugh Bert and Samuel Bennett, of Lynn, presented to the grand jury as " common sleepers in time of exercise." Both were convicted and fined. 1646. Lynn made a market town — Tuesday, the lecture day, being market day. 1658. Dungeon rock alleged to have been rent by an earthquake, entombing alive Thomas Veal, the pirate, with treasure. (275) 276 Chronological Table. 1666. A year of disasters. Several die of small pox. "Divers are slain by light- ning." Grasshoppers and caterpillars do much mischief. 1669. Boniface Burton dies, aged 113 years. 167 1. A year remarkable for storms. A violent snow storm, Jan. iS, with much thunder and lightning. 1680. Dr. Philip Read, the first physician here, complains to the Court of Mrs. Margaret Gifford, as a witch. The great Newtonian comet appears in November, exciting much alarm. 16S1. The Court allows Lynn to have two licensed public houses. 1682. Old Tunnel Meeting-house built. 1686. Indian deed of Lynn given, September 4. 1657. Thomas Ncwhall, the first white person born here, dies, in March, aged 57. 1658. Excitement about Edward Randolph's petition for a grant of all N.ahant. 1692. Great witchcraft excitement. 1694. A church fast appointed by Rev. Mr. Shepard, July 19, for the arrest of the "spiritual |)laguc " of Quakerism. 1696. Severe winter ; coldest since the settlement commenced ; much suffering. 1697. Great alarm on account of small pox. 1706. Second division of lands among the inhabitants. 1708. A public fast held on account of the ravages of caterpillars and canker worms. 171b. Extraordinary darkness at noonday, Oct. 21 ; dinner tables lighted. 1717. Memorable snow storms, Feb. 20 and 24 ; one-story houses buried. 1719. Northern lights observed for the fir^t time, Dec. 17 ; an alarming display. 1723. Terrific storm, Feb. 24. The sea came in raging and roaring fearfully. First mill on Saugus river, at Boston street crossing, built. 1726. ;^I3 15 awarded to Nathaniel Potter, for linen manufactured in Lynn. 1745. Rev. Mr. WhJtefield preaches on Lynn Common, creating much excitement 1749. Great drought, hot summer, and immense multitudes of grasshoppers. 175a John Adam Dag)r, an accomplished shoemaker, arrives. 1755. Greatest earthquake ever known in New England, occurs Nov. 18. A whale, 'nn Hotel built A snow storm occurred in May, the fruit trees being then in bloom. Miles Shorey and his wife killed by lightning, July la Chronological Table. 277 1804. Independence day first celebrated in Lynn. Snow fell in July. 1805. First Masonic Lodge — Mount Carmel — constituted June lo. 1808. First law office in Lynn, opened by Benjamin Merrill. Great bull fight at Half Way House. Bulls and bull dogs engaged. Lynn Artillery chartered, November i8, and allowed two brass field pieces. Trapping Lobsters first practised at Swampscott. 1812. Lynn Light Infantry chartered, June 30. 1813. Moll Pitcher, the celebrated fortune-teller, dies, April 9, aged 75. 1814. Lynnfield incorporated as a separate town. First Town House built. First Bank established. 1815. Saugus incorporated as a separate town. Terrific southeasterly gale, Sept. 23 ; ocean spray driven several miles inland ; fruit on the trees impregnated with salt. 1816. Great horse trot on the Turnpike, in Ljmn, Sept. i ; said to be the first in New England. Major Stackpole's "Old Blue" trotted three miles in eight minutes and forty-two seconds. 1817. President Munroe passed through town. 1819. The great sea-serpent appears off Long Beach. Nahant Hotel built. Alms- house at Tower Hill built. 1824- Gen. Lafayette visits Lynn, Aug. 31, and is enthusiastically welcomed. 1825. First Lynn newspaper — the Weekly Mirror — issued September 3. 1826. First Savings Bank incorporated. 1827. Broad and brilliant night arch, Aug. 28. 1828. A whale, sixty feet long, cast ashore on Whale Beach, May 2. 1829. Splendid display of frosted trees, Jan. 10. 1830. Donald McDonald, a Scotchman, dies in Lynn alms-house, Oct. 4, aged 108. He was at the battle of Quebec when Wolfe fell, and at Braddock's defeat. 1832. First Lynn Directory published by Charles F. Lummus. 1833. Extraordinary shower of meteors, Nov. 13. 1837. Surplus United States revenue distributed. Lynn received $14,879, and applied it to the payment of the town debt. Saugus received $3,500, and appropriated it to the building of a Town Hall. Lynnfield received $1,328 29, and applied it to the town debt. 1838. Eastern Rail-road opened for travel from Boston to Salem, Aug. 28. 1841. The first picture by the new art known as Daguerreotype, or Photography, ever taken in Lynn, was a landscape, taken this year, by James R. Newhall, by apparatus imported from France. 1843. A splended comet ; first appeared about noonday, Feb. i. Schooner Thomas wrecked on Long Beach, March 17, five men perishing. Breed's Pond formed. Theophilus N. Breed built a dam across the valley, on the northeast of Oak street, flowing some fifty acres, thus forming the pond and securing water power for his iron works. 1846. Mexican war commenced. Lynn furnished twenty volunteers. Congress boots began to be manufactured. Destructive fire on Water Hill, Aug. 9. Large brick silk-printing establish- ment, spice and coffee mill, and two or three smaller buildings destroyed. 1847. President Polk made a short visit to Lynn, July 5. 1848. Carriage road over harbor side of Long Beach built Lynn Common fenced. George Gray, the hermit, dies, Feb. 28, aged 78. 278 Chronological Table. 1849. Lynn Police Court established Large emigration to California. 1850. Lynn adopts the city form of government. Pine Grove Cemetery consecrated, July 24. Thirteen persons of a pic-nic party from Lynn, drowned in Lynnfield Pond, August 15. Ten hour system — that is, ten hours to constitute a day's work — generally adopted. Previously the lime was indefinite. Bells were rung at 6 p. m. 1851. On March 18, and April 15, the tide, during violent storms, swept entirely over Long Beach. Miram Marble commences the excavation of Dungeon Rock. 1852. Swampscott incorporated as a separate town. Louis Kossuth, the Hungarian exile, is enthusiastically received here, May 6. Henry Clay's death noticed ; flags raised at half-ma.st and bells tolled, July 3. Funeral services in memory of Daniel Webster, in First Congregational meeling-house, Oct. 29, the day of the statesman's burial at Marshtield. 1S53. Nahant incorporated as a scj)3rate town, March 29. Pri/e fight on Lynnfield road, Jan 3 ; parties arrested. Illuminating r.is first lighted in Lynn, J.in. 13. Cars commence running over Saugus Branch Rail-road, Feb. I. 1855. City Charter so amended as to have the municipal year commence on the first Monday of January iastcad of the first Monday of April. 1856. Two bald eagles ap|>car on the ice in Lynn harbor, Jan. 17. Ezra R. TebbetU, of Lynn, killed by a snow-slide from .i h'Mi>.f in Bromfield street, Boston. Feb. 12. Egg Rock light shown for the first time, Sept. 15. 1857. Bark Tedcsco wrecked at Swampscott, all on board, twelve in number, i)crish- ing, Jan. 18. Many small |>carls found in muscles at Floating Bridge and Flax ponds. Trawl fishing Ijcgan to Ik* |>ractiM:d this year. 1858. Telegraphic communicatietwcen Lynn and other places established. Impromptu Atlantic cable celebration, Aug. 17, on the arrival of Queen Vic- toria's message to President Buchanan. Blue fish ap|>car in the offing, in large numbers, in early autumn, and arc supposed to have carried on a successful war against the menhaden, as bushels of the latter were picked up dead on the shore. Magnificent comet, Donati's, vi.sible in the north-west, in the autumn. Catholic Cemetery, St Mary's, cuasecrated, Nov. 4. 1859. British bark Vernon, from Messina, driven ashore on Long Beach, Feb. 2. crew saved by life-boat Roman Catholic church, St. Mary's, Ash street, burned. May 28. Brilliant display of northern lights; whole heavens covered, Aug. 28. Union street Methodist meetinghouse destroyed by fire, Nov. 20. Church bells tolled at sunrise, noon and sunset, Dec 2, in observance of the execution «>f John Brown, at Charlcstown, Vx l86a Harben. Much speculation in real estate ; prices h\,;h, and business active. Pine Hill Reservoir built. 1873. Pumping engine at Public Water Works, Walnut .street, lust put in operation Jan. 14. English sparrows make their appearance in Lynn — no doubt the progeny of those imported into Boston. [Soon declared a nuisance.] Soldiers' Monument, Park square, dedicated SepL 17. Grand Masonic parade, Oct. 22. Friends' Biennial Conference held here, Nov. 19. Birch Pond formed, by running a dam across Birch Brook valley, on the east of Walnut street, near Saugus line. 1874. "Lynn Home fur .Aged Women" incorporated, Feb. 6. Grand celebration of St. Patrick's day, in Lynn, March 17, by the Irish organ- izations of Essex county. 1875. Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Rail-road opened for travel. July 22. Sea-serpent alleged to have been seen off Egg Rock, in August. The General Convention of Universalists meet in Lynn, Oct. 20. Great depression in business affairs succeed the daj-s of unhealthy prosperity. Many tradesmen and merchanu fail, and real estate falls greatly in price. Chronological Table. 281 1875. An unusual number of Tramps — that is, homeless wanderers from place to place — appear in Lynn, and receive temporary relief. 1876. The great World's Kxposition, at Philadelphia, marking the centennial year of the Republic. Lynn makes a good show of her manufactures, and a large number of her people attend the exhibition. A fire occurred in Market street, July 26 destroying some $10,000 worth of property. The destructive Colarado beetle, or potato bug, first appears in Lynn, this year. Appropriate observance of the centennial year, July 4. " Centennial Memo- rial " published. Brick engine house, Federal street, built. Benjamin F. Doak dies, Nov. 8, aged 50 years, bequeathing $10,000 for the poor of the city. [This legacy is now known as the " Doak Fund."] A splendid meteor passed over the city on the evening of Dec. 20. 1877. Sweetser's four story brick building. Central avenue, with an adjacent building, burned, April 7 ; loss about $115,000. Extraordinary phosphorescent glow along the shores, in September. 1878. Successful balloon ascension, July 4, Alderman Aza A. Breed, City Marshal Fry, and Mr. Fred Smith, journalist, accompanying the aeronaut. Dennis Kearney, radical agitator and California "sand lot orator,"' addresses a large crowd on the Common, on the evening of Aug. 12. Brick fire engine house, Broad street, built. Higher temperature in Lynn and vicinity, at midnight, Dec. 2, than in any other part of the United States — six degrees higher than in New Orleans, La., seven higher than in Savannah, Geo., nine higher than in Charleston, S. C, and ten higher than in Jacksonville, Florida. Gold held at par, Dec. 17, for the first time in sixteen years ; that is $100 in gold were worth just $100 in greenback government notes. The extreme of variation was in July, 1864. when $100 in gold were worth $285 in notes. 1879. The brick house of worship of the First ]\Iethodist Society, Park square, dedicated, Feb. 27. The newly-invented telephone, comes into use in Lynn, this year. Two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of Lynn, celebrated, June 17. [A volume embracing a full account of the proceedings was published by order of the City Council.] Business begins to become decidedly active after seven years of depression. John A. Jackson, designer of the Soldiers' Monument, Park square, died in Florence, Italy, in August, aged 54. St. Joseph's Cemetery (Catholic) consecrated, Oct. 16. Extraordinary occurrence of a perfectly clear sky, all over the United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, Nov. 4, as reported by the United States Signal Corps. 1880. Hawkes family gathering, July 28 and 29. Tubular Wells, Boston street, sunk by the city authorities to gain additional water supply ; first pumping from them, Sept. 4. The notorious " Morey Letter " appears in the autumn, creating much sen- sation throughout the country. Beautiful mirage in the bay, Nov. 22. 1881. Young Men's Christian Association Building, Market street, dedicated, Jan. 17. Government weather signals, on High Rock, first shown, Feb. 23. Lynn Hospital incorporated. 282 Chronological Table. 1881. The "yellow day," so called, occurred Sept 6. Beautiful celestial phenomena, Sept. 12. President Garfield's death announced by the tolling of the church bells at midnight, Sept. 19. Memorial services held, Sept 26. Free Public Forest Association, or E.xploring Circle, formed. Hon. Enoch Redington Mudge, donor of St Stephen's Memorial Church, dies, Oct. I. St Stephen's Memorial Church consecrated, Nov. 2. [As our chapter of Annals closes with 1S81. and it seems desirable to take some notice of events down as mar .is possible to tlic time (if puhlicaiiun, tl>c following additions are inserted.] 1 y s 2 . The winter of iSSl and '82 was rather remarkable for the quantity of snow, and the long time the earth remained covered. A storm began on the afternoon of Jan- uary 31, during which .some eighteen inches fell. And on the ne.\t .Sunday, Feb. 5, a snow storm occurred that was not for many years before exceeded in violence. The drifts in some places were for a time insurmountable ; and senices at several of the principal churches were omitted. On the night of Feb. 15, a building on .Munrot street, owned by Charles G. Clark, together with one or two others, was burned, causing a loss of some $20,000. The Grand Army Coliseum, on Summer street, was dedicated March 15, with appropriate ceremonies. Its seating capacity is much greater than any other place of .o-ssembly hitherto erected here. On the morning of the 15th of March, just before the lime for workmen to assem- ble, a terrific steam Iwilcr explosion took place in the rear of the Goodwin last factory, in Spring street The engineer wxs killed, and several others badly wounded. One or two adjacent buildings were mu(.h damaged, and a piece of the boiler, weighing about 1.500 pounds, was thrown two hundred feet up into the air, and fell in Newhall street, seven hundred feet di.^tant A fire occurred on the morning of April 22, at Houghton, Godfrey and Dean's paper warehouse. Central avenue, destroying projK-rty to the amount of J3.000. Electric lights made their apjKarance here, in the spring. .\t midnight. May 12, according to the weather rejxjrts, the thermometer, in L)nn and vicinity, reached a lower degree than in any other part of the United States; yet it was not so low as to be particularly noticeable. Memorial Hay, May 30, was observed as usual ; address by Comrade James M. Tanner, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Glen I^wis was consecrated. May 30. Barnum's " greatest show on earth," visited Lynn, July 22. Some half a score of elephants appeared in the street parade. The giant elephant Jumbo and the nursing baby elejihant were both members of the caravan. Some 25.000 jnrrsons attended the exhibition, and the amount of money received for admission, reached nearly $11,000. The show consisted of a large collection of animals, equestrian, acrobatic, and other circus and semi-dramatic performances. It was, no doubt, the grandest and most costly show ever in Lynn. An explosion of a part of the underground equipment of the Citizens' Steam Heat- ing Company, at the corner of Washington and .Munroe streets, took place. July 27, injuring the street somewhat, and throwing up stones and gravel to the danger Chronological Table. 283 and fright of persons in the vicinity. And subsequently other explosions took place inducing an appeal to the city authorities for protection. Nickerson's oil clothing factory, in Swampscott, was burned, August 4. Miss Emma Stone, employed in the establishment, lost her life, and the loss of property amounted to about ^9.000. An extraordinary drought prevailed during the latter part of the summer. Most of the crops about Lynn were absolutely ruined, the unripe fruit dropped from the trees, and much of the shrubbery and many of the trees had the appearance of having been exposed to fire blasts. Yet the springs and wells did not indicate any very marked deficiency of moisture somewhat below the surface. We had an uncom- monly long succession of very warm days, with westerly winds and clear skies. And the peculiar efi"ect on vegetation was, no doubt, attributable rather to the burning sun than the lack of moisture. The spring was backward by full two weeks, and the weather was on the whole anomalous, most of the year. The Ocean House, in Swampscott, a summer hotel of considerable note, was destroyed by fire, on the evening of September 6. It was a large wooden building, six stories in front and five in the rear. The loss was about $65,000. In October, the fare to or from Boston was reduced to five cents on all the trains of the Narrow-gauge Rail-road, and on a part of those of the PJastern. Mayor Lovering was, on the 7th of November, elected a member of the U. S. Congress — the second Lynn man ever chosen for that honorable position. The morning sky for several weeks in October and November was adorned by a splendid comet which rose two or three hours before the sun, in the south-east. A very good representation of it, as seen from High Rock is here given. The steeple of the Central church, in Silsbee street, is seen on the right of the picture, and Phillips's Point, Swampscott, on the left. Astronomers had wonderful stories to tell of this comet — its inconceivable speed and partial disruption as if by some collision. COMET OF 1882, As seen from High Rock, Lynn. :84 Tables, The forjegoing Chronological Table, as elsewhere remarked, it is thought will be suflficient for a glimpse at our whole history ; and in the present volume nothing more than a mere glance at the times anterior to the point at which the 1865 edition record closes, could be expected or desired, at least by those possessed of a copy of that issue. Near the close of that volume are various tables, among which are: lists of the surnames of all residents of Lynn from 1629 to 1700 — of Assistants and Counsellors — of early Representa- tives — of members of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery — of soldiers of the Revolution — of members of important Conven- tions — of Senators — of Newspapers and Editors — of the suc- cessions of Ministers of the various religious societies, &c. These, for the most part, arc of course omitted hero, as the great accumulation of names would have required space that could perhaps be filled with more interesting matter, inasmuch as they can be readily found elsewhere. A few, however, of those most commonly useful for reference, will be found in their proper connections in these pages ; all of which the reader can easily find by referring to the Index. PRESIDENTS OF THE COM. MUX COUNCIL. 1850. Daniel C. Dakcr. , 1S67. Theodore Attwill. 1851. James R. Ncwhall. 1868. Theodore Attwill. 1852. Edward S. Davis. 1869. Nathan .M. Hawkcs. 1S53. Edward .S. Davis. 1870. Nathan M. Ilawkcs. 1S54. CJu-stavus Att«-ill. 1871. Uowman 11. Urcc(L 1855. Gilbert Ilawkcs. 1872. Nathan M. H.iwkes. 1856. Edward S. Davis, 1S73. IJowman IJ. I5rccd. [died] 1857. Edward S. Davis. 1873. Ezra Uakcr. [part of the year.] 185S. Edwin Q. Bachcllcr. 1S74. William C. Holder. 1859. Nathan Clark. 1875. George D. Whittle. 1S60. Noah Robinson. 1876. George T. Newhall. 1861. Gcorpc 11. Chase. 1877. George T. Newhall. 1862. George 11. Chase. 1878. George T. Ncwhall. 1863. Jesse L. .\ttwill. 1S79. Charles E. Kimball. X864. Jesse L. .\ttwilL iSSo. George C. Ncal, 1865. Jesse L. AttwilL 1881. Edward C. Neal. 1S66. Jesse L. AiiwilL 1S82, Charles D. IIoUi<=. CONCLUSION. A GREAT many individuals who have figured in different periods of the histor}^ of Lynn have in the present volume been intro- duced to the reader ; some of them of characters altogether worthy of imitation ; others, perhaps, useful as examples to be avoided. It is not unfrequently difficult to determine the ground of action in a fellow being — whether it be principle, habit, or natural disposition. And many appear to act as if they consid- ered this or that virtue or vice theirs by prescription or inheritance. A prominent fellow-citizen some time ago, when checked for his profanity, replied, with perfect coolness, and an air that indi- cated his full belief in the sufficiency of the plea, " Why. my grandfather used to swear ; my father used to swear ; and I mean to swear." Parental example, certainly, had influence here. However, our chief means for judging of men in common life, are found in their daily walk ; and if we can discover the tenor of the holding there, a reasonably fair estimate can be made. It is ardently hoped that in the foregoing pages the attempts to elucidate traits, have not been altogether unsuccessful, nor the lessons attempted to be enforced, entire failures. The reply of Rev. Mr. Mottey, the old Lynnfield minister, to one of his complaining parishioners, who called him " odd " was shrewd as well as witty : " Yes," s'aid he, " I set out to be a very good man, and soon found that I could not be without being very odd." " God gives to every man, The virtue, temper, understanding, taste. That lifts him into life, and lets him fall Just in the niche he was designed to fill." So says the poet ; but observation would pronounce this predes- tinarian sentiment more poetic than true ; at least, if it be taken in the broad sense that the adjoining lines represent : (285) 286 Conclusion. "To the deliverer of an injured land, He gives a tongue to enlarge upon, a heart To feci, and courage to redress her wrongs. To monarchs dignity, to judges sense, To artists ingenuity and skill." The great body of mankind fall into niches but poorly fitted for them, and become entangled among cares and vexations that cramp and ener\ate their very souls It is believed that in the foregoing pages, abundant evidence will be found that Lynn has produced her full share of worthies in the different walks of life. True, perhaps, she is not able to number among her children any specially illustrious examples in statesmanship, philosophy, or literature ; but on a slightly lower level she can firmly stand. The writer has much enjoyed the companionship of the genial ones with whom he has trudged along the historic way ; and will feel disappointed if the reader has not likewise been pleased. It is always a pleasant road that is travelled with agreeable companions. Here and there suggestions have been made, not always in the direct line of narrative, which it is hoped will not appear obtru- sive ; at all events, devotion to supposed duty, and innocency of purpose, will be the e.xcusc if one seems necessary. Any kind of a history ought to embrace something more than a mere narration of past events. And when treating of individuals, an author's preferences, sympathies, or prejudices, should never lead to invidious condemnation nor to such a tender veiling of imper- fections as to conceal true characteristics. Perhaps the reader may have occasionally noticed in the foregoing pages an item which appeared to him to relate in no special manner to the history of Lynn. JJut he will find such subservient to the general purpose. It may be asked, What has the appearance of a comet, a dark day, or any similar natural phenomenon to do with the history of a town ? — a question rather cavilling than comprehensive ; for is it not true, for in- stance, that the last comet or eclipse visible here, or the "yellow day," belonged as much to Lynn as any other place ? It is often as impossible to clearly set forth a matter or elucidate a princi- ple, without a seeming divergence for illustration or comparison, as it is to gather the rarest flowers without an occasional detour. Conclusion. 287 Nearly fifty years ago, as will be perceived by the date of the appended Prospectus, Mr. Lewis and the writer proposed issuing a volume of selections from Lynn writers ; and the reason why the project was not consummated is not now clearly recollected. Attention, however, is here called to the matter, in the hope that the "labor of love" will yet be accomplished. If some one of the gifted coterie now among us, whose literary electric lights are trimmed and burning, would pursue the plan, they would perform a work to which in after years they might recur with much satisfaction, and for which future generations would be thankful — even if they did not receive a commensurate pecuniary return. The design was to have nothing appear that was not the production of a native ; but that might, of course, be modified if deemed expedient. Our prospectus had not been long before the public, when the "Boston Book" was announced; and in that, very little discrimination as to natives was observed ; indeed it almost seemed as if merely passing through the city entitled a writer to a place. The Prospectus alluded to, tells its own story, and is as follows : Wild Flowers and Sea-Shells : Being a Selection from the Wniings, Poetical and Prosaic, of Natives of Lynn: e7nbracing the whole period of its History. Edited by Alonzo Lewis and James R. Newhall. During the period embracing the history of this town, there have from time to time appeared among us, our fellow-citizens are all aware, those of either sex, who were justly looked upon as endowed with mental qualities far above the ordinary standard — those who have shone as stars of the first magnitude in our litde commu- nity, and who, haply, under more auspicious circumstances, would have been hailed as brighter lights to a more , extended sphere ; — but who have yet passed from among us, leaving a few gems only scattered in their path to the tomb, as memorials of the peculiar favor of their God; — leaving here a few Flowers gathered from the dark glen or the sunny height, and there a little glittering cabinet of Sea-Shells gleaned from the romantic shores of their own loved home. It is the object of the editors to gather up these fragments and select from among them such as they esteem most worthy of preservation ; adding a series of articles, original and select, from the writers of the present day. It is not their aim to gain any thing in a pecuniary point of view ; they ask only remuneration for their actual expenses, deeming the pleasure of presenting the little volume to their fellow-citizens sufficient reward for all their toil. It is believed that the work will also be interesting beyond the immediate sphere of its publication, as the interests and sympathies' of this town and those around her have ever been most strongly united : — together have they toiled through the darkness of by-gone years, and together have they arrived upon the sunny lands of prosperity. The Prospectus was dated July 15, 1835 ; and the work was to have been an i8mo of about 250 pages, at ^i per copy. 288 Conclusion. The facilities for travel have now become so great that almost every one, high or low, must have an annual vacation tour. The vacation itself, which a few years ago was hardly thought of by any save a few of those in the so called upper walks of life, the more wealthy and unoccupied, is now deemed almost indispensa- ble by every one above the rank of day laborer, who of all others would seem most in need of an occasional temporary intermission. None will deny thai one of the best purposes to which spare pecuniary means can be devoted, is travel for the improvement of mind or body ; and for reasonable self-gratification, too ; but when undertaken for the inferior object of genteel show or vain boasting, its usefulness is not apparent. What are balls, and banquets, and all such entertainments and revels in comparison with right-purposed travel ? And thanks be to those who in- vented these modern ways and means which enable us at so little expense of time and money to secure the benefit. There is the " bridal tour," which every young couple must take on being joined by the silken bonds ; and fortunate it may be if the first disagreement doesnotarise on the question of where and how long it shall be. There is the clergyman's vacation tour which the poor paiish as well as the rich is e.\pected without a murmur to accord and further ; for he must have rest and change of scene, although it may happen that the new scene be a niche wherein he is providentially detained to preach a few sermons at extra pay, or, haj)ly, under the same mysterious ordering, become the unforewarned recipient of a call to an improved settlement. There, too, is the schoolmaster's vacation and tour. Well, the faithful teacher is worthy of consideration and esteem though it may be that more hearts swell with joy at his departure than at his return. IJut we need not further particularize. Towards Europe the faces of many excursionists are set ; the land where, amid the historic scenes, the depositories of art and learning, and under the stimulation of buoyant inquietude, and renovating airs, the vigor and elasticity of body and mind, diminished by the onerous duties of home, may be restored. In our Annals under date i8"i, it will be found stated that four of the Lynn clergymen were then travelling in Europe. But the vacation excursion to the old countries is by no means con- fined to professional persons or to the wealthy. Lynn every Conclusion. 289 season is largely, and we trust not unfavorably, represented abroad by numbers of her comely daughters and manly sons, who return refreshed, with sunburnt countenances, rosy descrip- tions, and declarations of unbounded satisfaction. We have here in Lynn a full share of mutual benefit, benevo- lent, sanitary, and temperance organizations, as well as masonic, odd fellow and military. Various companies for the supply of material wants, we also have, working for the good of the people and profit of themselves, .Then there are various clubs and associations for discussion and social entertainment, of a character deserving well of an intelligent and hospitable commu- nity. In them assemble the city statists and savants who put to rights the great matters of public concern and the smaller interest of private life. But whether, if the ghost of Johnson should swagger in at a formal club meeting, he would imagine himself again in the company of his friends and compeers — of Burke, Reynolds, Garrick, Sheridan, " Goldy " the favorite, and those other glowing lights of the time, who shed such lustre upon statesmanship, legal erudition, literary and art criticism, — he would be inspired anew, astonished, or diverted, no lesser mind than his is competent to determine. But after all our boasted privileges, inventions, progress^ and attainment — after all the revelations in philosophy, science, and mechanics — after all our rail-roads, steam-driven machinery, tel- egraphs, and electric lights — are there better, wiser, or nobler men and women — better rulers, statesmen, or philanthropists — better fathers, mothers, or children — than there were in the days of yore .'' Why, no, probably not. Mankind preserves about the same old average and very likely always will. Yet, to come down to our own limited case, there appears reason for congratulation in that the great rank and file of the community are at this day in a physically better condition than at any for- mer period ; better fed, clothed, and sheltered ; better provided with the necessaries and conveniences of life. And would it were possible to say the same of all civilized humanity ; yes, and likewise of all benighted, barbarous, and savage. The ancient history of the land we occupy is a sealed book, never probably to be opened ; no research has given any satisfactory account of what transpired here, in ages past. The sacred beams 19 290 Conclusion. that lighted up the Holy Land — the sombre twilight that glim- mered through old Egypt's gloom — the dreamy scintillations of the pagan realms — the lustre of the old mythology that so adorned the classic lands — shed no radiance here ; no, not even the rugged surges of an Ossian's song tell of the achievements of the unknown people. The red men had some characteristics now found among no other people ; but the race was not one to make an impression on the world's destiny ; and so they have passed away, leaving scarcely a footprint behind. What civilized nation has so little of a past history as ours ? We have none of the stirring episodes that so enliven the old world chronicles ; no crusaders with their romantic and senti- mental bravery ; no knight-errants with their decorative justice and ideal honor ; no troubadours with their songs of valor and love's enchantments. No, none of these ; our knowledge thus far is of stern and hard realities. And are we not still a nation without a name — a family of near forty, each separately called, but collectively with no name indicating consolidated nationality ? In view of the great centralizing achievement of the civil war ought we so to remain ? O, give the nation a name. The changes that have been steadily going on since the day when the Ingalls brothers and their sturdy companions struck the first blows for civilization within these borders, have attained to what we now behold — a fair city, with a population we would fain believe, as virtuous and as happy as is any where to be found. And could those old worthies return to re-traverse the hills and plains over which they once trod, haply with mis- giving hearts, what would be their feelings. And could the few Indians they found here return in their company, what mad antics would they display, and what frenzied ejaculations and resounding whoops would they utter, as they beheld their old trapping thickets and open hunting grounds occupied by stately buildings and the flaunting insignia of a life never con- ceived of in their wildest dreams. But there arc some things that in the great cycle of ages do not change. The sun, the moon, and the bright retinue of stars which looked complacently down upon the land in the far-ofidays of forest silence and shadows, now look down with the same com- placency upon our own thronged streets rife with the glittering Conclusion, 29] appointments of trade, and flanked by shrines for ghostly worship, and the worship of mammon as well. And the restless ocean, too, rolls up its storm-driven billows against the rocky battle- ments with the same wild rhythm that it did when the lonely skin-clad red man stood upon the trembling cliff and beheld advancing with the coming blasts the misty giants of the spirit land. . . , Here we must pause. Whether the writer will ever again travel along the historic way in the goodly company he has so much enjoyed, cannot now be known. The generations have passed on in their silent march to the bourn whence none return ; and in the common course of events he must soon join them — soon bid an everlasting adieu to all here, and lie down with the great company now at rest : " That silent company Which far outnumbers all upon earth's face." FIRST BURYING-GROUiND IN LYNN 292 Mayors. MAYORS OF LYNN. In the Chapter of Biographical Sketches, appear the names of all the Mayors of Lynn, from the adoption of the City Charter, to 1882, with fac-similes of their signatures. But it is so convenient for reference to have them all arranged together, with a statement of their terms of office, that they will be here given in chronological order. The autographs, too, will be re- inserted, as it is believed that the little space required cannot be filled in any way more acceptable. By the original Charter the municipal year was made to commence on the first Monday of April ; but by an amendment which took efliect in 1855, it was changed to the first Monday of January. ^(y^^;^^ 1853, Daniel C. Baker. 1854, Thomas P. Richardson. Mayors. 293 1855, Andrews Breed. 1856 and 1857, Ezra W. Mudge. e y 2^-2<^.^^^^ 1858, William F. Johnson. a.i/^^ 1859 ^"d i860, Edward S. Davis. . ^^V-c^t^^-frp^ A^, z^^:^' 1 86 1, Hiram N. Breed. 1862, '63, '64, and '65, Peter M. Neal. 294 Mayors. 1866, '^j, and '68, Roland G. UsiiiiR. / 1869 and 1872, James N. Buffum. 1870 and 1871, Edwin Waluen. 1873. '74, '75, and '76, jAcnn M Lfwis. 1877 and 1878, Samuel M. Bubier. 1 879 and 1880, riKOKCE P. Sanderson. SSi and 1882, Hesky li. Lovp.ring. INDEX Accidents, i8, 20, 34, 36, 44, 47, 58, 64, 77, 81, 87, 88, 128, 162, 171, 175, 188, 278. Adams, Benjamin, Rev., 100, 228 ; John, John G. B., 265. 5, 276, 277, Aged persons, 24, 28, 30, 54, Aged Women's Home, 62, 73. Agricultural fairs, 81, 86. Alley, Abner, 150; Hugh, 100, loi ; John, 100, loi ; John B., 25, 72, loi, 270; Mark, 150; Solomon, loi ; the Alley family, loi. Ames, Daniel, 18. Ancient buildings, 146, 153, 170, 224. Ancient documents. See Depositions, etc. Andrews, Alfred, 145 ; Stephen H., 33. Anecdotes, 51, 99, 102, 122, 127, 129, 131, 136, 140, 147, 155, 171, 174, 196, 198, 201, 203, 206, 210, 217, 227, 231, 253, 285. Ann, (Queen) 227. Annesley, Elizabeth, 226 ; Samuel, Dr., 226. Anniversary celebrations. See Celebra- tions. Antiques and horribles, 32, 237. Appropriations and expenditures, city, for 1881, 273. Armitage, Godfrey, 103, 105, ( 106, auto- graph) 107 ; Joseph, loi, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107 ; Thomas, 103. Armitage petition, 105. Arnold, George, 130. Artillery, Lynn, 277. Attwill, Benjamin W., Rev., 260 ; Gus- tavus, 284 ; Jesse L., 284 ; Theodore, 108, 284. (295) Aurora borealis. See Natural Phenom- ena. Austin, Abner, 265. Authorship, its duties and perplexities, 253- Autographs: Armitage, Godfrey, 106. Axey, James, 106. Baker, Daniel C., iii. Baker, Edward, 106. Bassett, William, 112. Batchelder, John, 274. Breed, Allen, 116. " Andrews, 118. " Ebenezer, 119. " Hiram N., 120. Bridges, Robert, 106. Brown, Nicholas, io6. Bubier, Samuel M., 124. Buffum, James N., 125. Burrill, George, 125. " John, 126. Burton, Boniface, 106. Cicily alias Su George, 16. Gobbet, Thomas, 106. Cowdry, William, 106. Davis, Edward S., 132. Dexter, Thomas, 133. Doolittle, John, 106. Driver, Robert, 106. Eames, Henry, 106. Fitz, Zachary, 106. Fuller, Maria A., 135. Gillow, John. 106. Godson, Thomas, 106. Gray, George, 139. Handforth, Nathaniel, 106. Holyoke, Edward, 106. Hood, George, 157. Humfrey, John, 157. Ingalls, Ephraim A., 274. Johnson, Richard, 106. William F., 162. Jones, Benjamin H., 274. Keyser, George, 106. 296 Index. AUTOGRA PHS: — (Continued.) King, William, 106. Kirtland. Philip, 106. Kunkshamooshaw, and wife, 16. Laughton, Thoina.s, 164. Lewis, Alonzo, 167. " Jacob M.. 167. Lightfool, Francis, 106. Longlcy, William, 106. Lovcring, Henry B., 169. Lummiis. Charles F., 170. Mansfield, .\ndrcw, 170. Marshall, Thumas, 106. Masscv. l\()l)crt, 106. Merrit't, Charles, 173, .Mudgc, Benjamin F., 177. K/.ra W., 178. Ncal. I'ctcr M., 179. Parker, Th<>ma.s, 106. Parsons, Charles E., 274. Persons. koUrt. 106. Pitcher, Mary. (.Moll.) 19S. Ponham, Mary, (<^)uonopohit,) 16. Purchis, Oliver, 201. Kamsdcll, John, 106. Rhodes, Henry, 106. Richanl.-on, Thomas P., 205. Sanderson, George 1'., 207. Shepard, Jeremiah, 207. Stickney, lercini.ih C, 209. Tomlins, Kdward. 106. Tmiothy, 106. Townsend, Thoinas, 106. Usher, Roland U., 213. Waldcii, Kdwin, 214. Walker, Richard, 106. Whiting, .Samuel, 218. Wood, John, 106. Autumn foliage, 46. A xey, James, (106, autograph) 107, 108, no. B. Baby show, 7a Bachcller, Breed, 80; Edwin Q., 284; Jonathan, 265; Stephen, Rev., no, 1S9, 259, 275. .See Batchclder. Baker, Christine, no; Daniel C, no. (in, with autograph) 292; Edw^ard, (106, autograph) 107, ni ; Ezra, 284. Baldwin, Otis L., 80. Ballard, John, 164. Balloons, 19, 23, 27, 77. Bancroft, Nathaniel, 249 ; Thomas F., 45; Timothy, 1S9. Bands of music, 57. Banks, corporate, 273, 277. Bard's Farewell, 165. Barker, Dr. Charles O., ni, 147, 148. I Barlow, David H., Rev., 270. Barnes. J. W. F., Rev., 25. Barnum's great show, 68, 2S2. Barton, Walter, Rev., 259. Base ball, 63. Bassett, William, (ni, with autograph) 164, 274- Batcheldcr, Charles J., 73 ; George W., 73; Jacob, 72, n2 ; John, 265, (274. with autograph.) See Bacheller. Bates, Elizabeth P. P., 1S3 ; Moses, 183 ; Wallace, 80. Beach road, 52, 277. lieacon light, 225. Hear killed in Lynn woods, 276. Bcckford, Ebcnczer, 80. Bells, 49, 76, 90, 175. Bennett, Samuel, n2. n3, 275. Bequests: of Ben j. F. Doak, 133; of Sidney B. Pratt, 199. Bert, Hugh, 275. Bicycles and velocipedes, 29. Biddic, Charles W., Rev., 23, 59, 75. BluuRAl'HICAL Sitkhes ami Personal Notiits : Adams, Rev. Benjamin, too. Alley, Hugh and John, 100. Arniitage, JoNcph, 101. Attwill, Theodore, 108. Axcv, James, 108. Bacficlor, Rev. Stephen, 1 ro. liaker, Christine, na " Daniel C, .Mayor, no. " Edward, in. Barker, Dr. t harles O., in. Bassett, William, ni. Batchclder, Jacob, n2. Bennett, Samuel, n2. Blanchard, .Amos, n4. Bowler, I'homas, n6. Boycc, William S., 58. Breed, Allen, 116. " Andrews, Mayor, n7. " Dr. Bowman li., n8. " Ebenezer, 1 19. " Hiram N., Niayor, 120. " Isaiah, 120. Bridges, Robert, 1 20. Brimblccom, Col. .Samuel, 124. Brown, Goold, 124. Buhier, .Samuel M., Miyor, 124. Buffiim, James N'., Mayor, 124. " Jonathan, 27. Burrill, lion, Ebenezer, 125. " George, 125. " Hon. John, 125. Index. 297 Biographical Sketches and Personal Notices : — (Continued.) Burton, Boniface, 126. Carnes, Rev. John, 126. Chadwell, Thomas, 126. Chase, Hezekiah, 128. " John, 128. " Rev. Stephen, 128. Cheever, Rev. Edward, 129. Childs, Amariah, 129. Clapp, Henry, 129. Cobbet, Rev.' Thomas, 131. Coffin, Dr. Edward L., 13X. Collins, Micajah, 131. Cook, Rev. Joseph, 42. Cooke, Rev. Parsons, 132. Coolidge, Oliver B., 63. Cowdry, William, 132. Curtin, Enoch, 132. Dagyr, John Adam, 132. Davis, Edward S., Mayor, 132. De.xter, Thomas, 133. Doak, Benjamin F., 133. Doolittle^ John, 133. Downing, Elijah, 133. " Rev. Joshua Wells, 133. Draper, Gen. Alonzo G., 20. Driver, Robert, 134. Fay, Richard S., 19. Fitch, Zachary, 135. Flagg, Dr. John, 135. Flora,, (negro) 135. Forman, Eugene F., 88. Fuller, Joseph, 135. " Maria A., 135. Gardner, Dr. James, 135. " James H., 135. Gates, Isaac, 136. Gillow, John, 136. Gould, Dr. Abraham, 21. Gray, George, (hermit) 137. " William, 139. Halsey, Thomas, 140. Handford, Nathaniel, 141. Hannibal (negro) 143. Hart, Samuel, 143. Haven, Richard, 146. Hawkes, Adam, 146. Hazeltine, Dr. Richard, 147. Henchman, Rev. Nathaniel, 154. Hentz, Caroline Lee, 154. Hitchings, Major Ezra, 154. Holyoke, Edward, 156. Hood, George, Mayor, 156. Humfrey, John, 157. Hurd, Rev. Isaac, 157. Hutchinson, Jesse, 157. " Judson J., 157. Ingalls, Edmund and Francis, 157. Ireson, Samuel Edwin, 158. Jacobs, Benjamin H., 32. Jenks, Joseph, 1 58. Johnson, Caleb, 159. Biographical Sketches and Personal Notices : — (Continued.) Johnson, Otis, 160. " Richard, 161. " William F., Mayor, 162. Keene, Avis, 24. " George W., 61. Kertland, Philip, 162. Keyser, George, 162. King, Daniel, 162. Kittredge, Dr. Edward A., 31. Laughton, Thomas, 164. Leonard, Henry and James, 164. Lewis, Alonzo, 164. " Jacob M., Mayor, 167. Lightfoot, Francis, 167. Longley, William, 167. Lovering, Henry B., Mayor, 169. Lummus, Aaron, 169. Charles F., 170. Mansfield, Andrew, 170. " Dr. Joseph, 170. Marble, Edwin, 84, 172. " Hiram, 28. Marshall, Thomas, 172. Martin, Dea. George, 172. " Josiah, 173. Merritt, Charles, 73. Montowampate, (Indian) 173. Moody, Lady Deborah, 173. True, (negro) 173. Moore, Henry, 79. Mottey, Rev. Joseph, 173. Moulton, Joseph. 174. " Solomon, 175. Mudge, Benjamin, 175. " Benjamin F., Mayor, 177. " Rev. Enoch, 177. " Enoch Redington, 91. " Ezra, 177. " Ezra Warren, Mayor, 177. Mulliken, Samuel, 179. Munroe, Col. Timothy, 179. Nahanton, (Indian) 179. Nanapashemet, (Indian) 179. Neal, Peter M., Mayor, 179. Newhall, Anthony, iSo. " Asa T., iSo. " Benjamin F., 180. " Francis S., 180. " Henry, 180. " Dr. Horatio, 181. " Isaac, 185. " Isaac, 186. " Jacob, 187. " James R., 187. " Joseph, 187. " Josiah, 188. " Gen. Josiah, 188. « Thomas and Anthony, 189. Nye, Dr. James M., 50. Oliver, Stephen, 194. Parker, Thomas, 195. 298 Index. Biographical Sketches and Personal NotUes : — (Continued.) Parsons, Rev. Obadiah, 195. Patch, Charles F., 196. Perkins, Dr. John, iq6, Perley, Dr. Daniel, t«. Phillips, George W., 85. Pierson, Kcv. .\hraham, 197. Pitcher, Mary. (Moll) 198. Pompey, (negro) 198. Poquanum, (Indian) 19S. Pranker, Edward, 2a Pratt, Micajah C, 198. " Sidney IJ., 199. Purchis, Oliver, 200. •' Thomas, 201. Quanopkonat, (Indian) 201. Ramsdell, AI>edncgo, 201. " John, 201. Rhodes, Amos, 201. " Henry, 203. Richards, Richard, 203. Richardson, Jonathan, 204. " Thomas P., Mayor, 204. Robbins, Dr. Peter G., 205. Robinson, Col. James, 205. Robv, Rev. Joseph, 205. Sadler, Richard, 206. Sanderson. George P., Mayor, 207. Shepard, kcv. Jeremiah, 207. SilsDce, Henry, 207. Sparhawk, Rev. .Nathaniel, 209. Stickncv, Jeremiah C, 32. Swett, kcv. William G., 209. Taylor, David, 4s. Th'achcr, kcv. Thomai, 211. Tomlins, Kdward, 211. " Timothy, 211. Townsend, Thom.i.s 211. Treadwell, Rev. John, 212. Trcvctt, koljcrt \V., 212. Tudor, Frederic, 212. Tufts, Deacon kichard, 212. Turner, Capt. .Nathaniel, 213. Usher, Roland G., Mayor, 213. Vinton, John, 213. Walden, Kdwin, Mayor, 214. Walker, kichard, 214. Washburn, Peter T., 214. kcuben P.. 216. Wenepoykin, (Indian) 216. Wheeler', Thomas, 216. Whiting, kev. .Samuel, 217. Widgcr, Thomas, 42. Wilkins. lUay, 218. Willis, Thomas, 219. Wood, luhn, 220. " \Villiam, 220. Wormatcad, 63. Yawata, (Indian) 220. Birch pond, 61. Black Will, (Indian) 198, 259. Blackmar, Gen. W. W., 71. Blanchard, .'Xmos, 114, 115, 154. Blue glass, its supposed virtue, 75. Bohemians, literary, 129. Bonfires, 17, 68, 71, 225. Book charges of an old physician, 149. Bowdens, Bcnj., 249. Bowers, Mary, 228. Bowler, Thomas, 116. Bowles, Joshua, 143; Capt. Ralph H., 143; Samuel, 144; Stephen J, 144. Boy choir, first in Lynn, 76. Boycc, William S., 58, 116. Brackett, William F., 80. Bradley, Rev. Gordon M., 260. Bray, Eliza R.. 178. Breed, Allen, (i 16, with autograph) 120; Amos, 150; Amos F., 80; Andrews, 1 17, (118, with autograph) 293 ; Ara A., 76, 77 ; Dr. Bowman B., 31, 118, 284; Ebcnezer, (119, with autograph) zd^ Elsie, 193; Henry..\., 149,151; Hi- ram N., 85, (120, with autograph) 293; Isaiah, 62, 118, 120; Madam, 117; Nancy S., 85; N. D. C, 80; S. U., 53; William, 74. Breed's pond, 277. Bridge, first over Saugus river, 275. Bridges, Capt. Robert, (106, autograph) 107, I20, 121, 122, 217. Brimblecom, Col. Samuel, 124, 252. Brooks, Rev. Elbridge G., 60; John, 228. Brown, Goold, 124; John, 278; Mar- tha, 232; Nitholis, (106, autograph) 107; Rev. Mr., 232; T. I-, 23; Thcodate B., 199; William, 47. Bubier, Samuel M., 80, (124, with auto- graph) 294. Buchanan, President, 278. Buffum, James N., 25, 31, 124, (125, with autograph); Jonathan, 27, 125, 149, 151, 152. Buildings, ancient, 146, 153, 170, 224. Buildings, new in 1881, 273. Bull fight, 277. Burchstead, Dr. Henry, 153; Dr. John H., .53- Burial at Dungeon Rock, 84. Burial of Mr. Lewis, 256. Index. 299 Burrill, Hon. Ebenezer, 125; George, (125, with autograph); Hon. John, 125, (126, with autograph) 227; Theo- philus, 232. Burton, Boniface, (106, autograph) 107, 126, 276. Business, condition of, 54, 64, 69, 81, 222. Business troubles, 52, 76. Buzzel, George W., 29. Camp meeting, (Second Advent) 24. Canker worms, caterpillars, and grass- hoppers, 276, 279. Carnahan, Gen. James, 88. Carnes, John, 126, 154, 206. Carter, Mary, 149 ; William F., 149. Cat show, 70. Cattle shows, 81, 86. Celebratmu : Atlantic cable, 278. Centennial of the Republic, 69, 71. First Church, 250th anniversary, 258. Richmond, the fall of, 17. Settlement, 250th anniversary of, 79. St. Patrick's day, 62. Surrender of Gen. Lee, 17. Cemeteries, 81, 232, 273, 278. Census, 271. Centennial celebration, 69, 71. Centennial Memorial, 72. Centennial tree, 71. Central avenue, 37. Chadwell, Harris, 126; Richard, 126; Thomas, 126; William, 126. Charter, city, amendment of, 278. Chase, Charles, 150 ; George H., 25, 72, 79, 265, 2S4; Hezekiah, 128; John, 128 ; John B., 150; Nathan D., 240; Samuel, 149; Stephen, Rev., 128. Cheap rail-road trains, 55, 283. Cheever, Col. Abijah, 246; Rev. Ed- ward, 129; Mrs. E. N., 246; Ezekiel, 246; Joseph, 51. Chicago fire, 46. Children's Home, 272. Childs, Amariah, 129. Choir, first of boys, in Lynn, 76. Christian Association, Young Men's, 36, 88. Chronological Table, 275. Church, the First, gathered, 275. Churches, 262. Circle, Exploring, 90, 254. City Clerks, list of, with autographs, 274. City debt, valuation, taxation, appropria- tions, and expenditures, 272, 273. City form of government, 278. City Hall : laying of corner stone, 21 ; dedication of, 24; raising of bell, 49. Clams, deaths from eating, 44. Clapp, Henry, 129, 130. Clare, Ada, a Bohemian, 130. Clark, Charles G., 282 ; Nathan, 284. William A., 80. Clarke, (the early Baptist, 121); Rev. James Freeman, 86 ; Jenny P., her re- mains found, 79; Thomas, 113. Clay, Henry, 278. Clerks, City, list of, with autographs, 274. Clifford, Harrison, 169. Clinton, Jane, 47 ; John G., 47. Clubs, benevolent, literary, social, etc., 289. Coal, early use of, in Lynn, 222. Cobb, Ardra, 175. Cobbet, Rev. Thomas, (106, autograph) 107, 121, 131,217,259. Cobbet school-house. See School Houses. Cotfin, Dr. Edward L., 74, 131. Coins, the pine tree, 15S. Cold days, 26, 31,48, 49. Coliseum, Grand Army, 282. Collins, Daniel, 154; Micajah, 131 ; the name, in England, 208. Colorado beetle, or potato bug, 71. Comeouters, 130. Comets. See Natural Phenomena. Common, the, 37, 43, 71, 78, 88, 277. Common sleepers punished, 275. Concrete crossings, 60. Congress boots first manufactured, 277. Connor, Jonathan, 149, 182. Cook, Rev. Joseph, famous lecturer, 42, 132, 259. Cooke, Rev. Parsons, 132, 237, 259. Coolidge, Oliver B., 63, 132. Cooper, 208. Constitution, (frigate) 144. Copp's Hill burying ground, 191. Corn, importation of, 228. Council, Common, presidents of, 284. 300 Index. Courtis, Abel G., 25. Cowdry, William, (io6, autograph) 107, 132. 232. Crandall, (the early Baptist) 121. Crispin (shoemakers') strike, 52. Cromwell, Oliver, 190. Currier, Rev. A. H., 37. Curtin, Enoch, 132, 148, 150, 152. Cutler, Micajah, 153. Cuzner, John, 58. D. Dade, Major, 176. Daguerreotype, first Ukcn in Ljiin, 277. Dag)T, John Adam, 132, 276. Dancing school, first in Lynn, 276. Danforth, Jenny, literary Bohemian, 130. Dark Days, 276. Dauphin, the French, and hermit Gray, 137- Davis, Edward S., (132, with autograph) 293; John, 241. Deaths, accidental, singular, and violent, 18. 20, 24. 34, 36. 44, 47. 64. 74, 81, 84, 85, 88, 162. 172, 173, 188, 282, 2S3. Debt, City, in 18S1, 273. Decoration day observances, 26, 37, 43, 50,58,62,68.71,75,79,84,88. DeCormis, Rev. Louis, 260. Deduations, eU. : Central church, 27. City HaU. 24. First Congregational church, 54. First Methodist church, 79. Glen Ixwis, 254, Glcnmcrc Meihudist church, 49. Nahant church, 32. Nahant (k. C.) church, 51. Nahant Town Hall, 35. Saint Stephen's Memorial church, 93. Saugus Town House, 73. Sch(Kcrt \V., 33, 149, 152, 212. Trials, I'olice Court and Justice, 80, 271. Triplets, birth of, 62. True, Rev. Edward IL, 260. Tubular wells, 86. Tudor, Frederic, 160, 212. Tufts, David, 212; Gardiner. So, 212; Deacon Richard, 212. Turner, Capt. Nathaniel, 213, 275. Turnpike, Boston and Salem, 35, 276. Twins, the Siamese, 230. Two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, 79. Tyler, .\ndrcw, 232. C. United States surplus revenue, distribu tion of, 277. Universali.Ht Convention, 69. Upham, Hon. Charles \V., 218; U. S. senator, 214. Usher, E. P., 59; Hezekiah, 237 ; Leo- nard B., 265; Roland G., Mayor, 25, (213, with autograph) 238, 294. Vacation.^ and vacation tours, 288. Vagrants, tramps, 65. Valuation and taxation, 272. Vassar, Rev. C. T., 26. Veal, Thomas, 275. Veazie, W. G., 79. Velocipedes and bicycles, 29. Vennar, William, a desperado, 47. Veteran parade. Infantry, 78. Vickings, the, 9. Victoria, Queen, 278. Vincent, George W., 8a Vinton, John, 213. Vital statistics of 1881, 273. Volunteer labor, 67, 263. W. Walden, Edwin, Mayor, (214, with auto- graph) 294. Waldo, General, 250. Wales, Prince of, in Lynn, 278. Index. 309 Walker, Richard, (106, autograph) 107, 214. Wallis, George, 113. Ward, landlord, 227 ; Rev. Milton, 260. Washburn, Gov. Peter T., 214, 216; Reu- ben P., 214, 216. Washington, his rebuke of Gen. Lee, 140; visits Lynn, 276. Water, and the city supply, 35, 39, 56, 57, 60, 77. Waters, Rev. George, 260; Henry F.. 189, 193, 208. Webber, James W., 249. Wells, tubular, 86. Wesley, John, 226; Samuel, 226, 227. Western life, early, 182. Whales, 19, 23, 276, 277. White, Capt. John, 270 ; William A., 260. Whitefield, Rev. George, 206, 276. Whiting, Col. John, 243 ; Rev. Joseph, 259 ; Maj. Gen., (Confederate) 243 ; Rev. Samuel, 35, (106, autograph) 107, 121, 217, 218, 243, 244, 259; William, 218, 243. Whitman, Walt, 130. Whiton, Rev. James M., 259. Whitten, officer, 48. Whittle, George D., 2S4. Widger, Capt. Thomas, 42, 218. Wild Flowers and Sea Shells, 287. Wildes, Rev. George D., 260. Wild geese, 57, 81. WiJkins, Bray, 218, 219. Will, difficulty concerning Mr. A.xey's, 109. Willard, John, a witchcraft victim, 218, 229. Williams, Col, 217; Eleazer, the sup- posed French dauphin, 137, 138, 139; Rev. John, 139; Joseph, 276. Willis, Thomas, 219. Witchcraft, 218, 219, 276. Women, home for aged, 62, 73. Won Chin Foo, Chinese lecturer, 64. Wood, John, (106, autograph) 107,220; William, 220, 275. Woods, Rev. Mr., 23. Woodward, Thomas, famous awl-maker, 23S. World's Exposition, 281. Wormstead, John B., 63, 220. Wormuld, Joseph, prize-fighter, 28. Wrestling match, fatal, 18. Yacht Club, 37, 50. Yawata, (Indian) 220. Yellow day, 89. Young, Brigham, Mormon prophet, 67. Young Men's Christian Association, 36, 88. !^.^%.^ ill WITT'S ROCK. (Now called Lover's Leap. 310 Index. INDEX TO PICTORIAL ADDENDA. Addenda, Pictorial, 311. Bachelor, Rev. Stephen, 312. Churchcsandministers, 311,312, 313,314. Cobbet, Rev. Thomas, 311. Cooke, Rev. Parsons, 314- Dwcllings, style of, 318,319, 320, 321. Klagg. Dr. John, 319. Forest Place, (Stickncy's Hill,) 322, 323. Ciambrcl-roof houses, 319. (iates. Lawyer, his office, 314. dray, Judge Horace, 320; William, 320. Lee, Jesse, 314. Lynn, views in, ^2^, 325, 327. 1-ynnmcrc, (Mineral spring precinct,) 325. Meeting Houses. See Churches. Methodism, cradle of, 315. Mudge, Enoch R., 314, 321. Old Tunnel meeting-house, 312. Peters, Hugh, 311. Pictorial Addenda, 311. Picturesque Lynn, 322, 323. 325, 327. Public buildings, 315. Rail-road stations, 316. Rebecca Nurse house, 318. .Shoemakers' shop, unique, 313. Shoe-manufactories and shops, 316, 317. Town House, the old, 315. Views in Lynn, 323, 325, 327. NVillioms, Roger, 320. Witch house, 320. OLD TIME SHOE.MAKEkS AT WoRK / V 3'6.] PICTORIAL ADDENDA, A FEW closing pages may, without doubt to the acceptance of the reader, be devoted to a limited number of pictorial illus- trations, such as cannot fail, in a manner clearer than words, to elucidate certain matters pertaining to our history, which it is well not to overlook. It is interesting to compare one period with another ; and not only interesting but highly useful ; for by such means we are enabled to discern what progress has been made — upward or downward. We need no Shakspeare or Hogarth to demonstrate that "Progress" may be pictorially represented. The intelligent reader will not be at a loss to perceive our purpose in the character and arrangement of the engravings. Most of the subjects have at least been alluded to in the foregoing pages ; and each cut will be accompanied by such remarks or catch-lines as may seem necessary for a full understanding. ^^^p^^^-^^^^.^ This graphic little illustra- .^^^1 ,■- -> '*^~' ;^= .? - tion was in fact drawn for the first meeting-house in Boston ; but it can hardly fail to answer as well for the first in Lynn — that in which the venerated Whiting so long ministered, and that, too, in which the THE FIRST MEETING-HOUSE. stirring VOicC of Cobbct SO frequently resounded. The fiery Hugh Peters, also, though minister of the church in the neighboring settlement of Salem, no doubt often appeared within those unadorned walls, and by his rugged eloquence and undaunted zeal in confronting every approach of tyranny towards these shores, did much to inflame (311) 312 Pictorial Addenda. the patriotism of the little flock of toilers who gathered there; little dreaming that that generation would not pass away ere his own severed head would be mounted on London bridge as a ghastly warning to all who dared to labor for the subordination of regal claims to human rights. We do not know the precise date at which this humble house was reared. The first minister, Rev. "Stephen Bachelor, came in 1632; but meetings had been somewhere held before his arrival. The forlorn little struc- ture stootl in a hollow, on the east side of Shepard street, near the present Summer street crossing ; and for protection against the wintry blasts was placed partly under ground. Kven dwel- lings were at first sometimes so placed, for the same reason. The famous edifice so long known by the expressive though rather inelegant sobriquet of " Old Tunnel." succeeded this primitive structure. It stood on the latitudinal centre of the bleak, unfenced Common, about opposite the entrance of the present Whiting street, and its graceful j^roporlions arc here faithfully delineated. OLU iL.S.SI.L MEETING-HOUSE. 1682— 1S27. Pictorial Addenda. 313 The Old Tunnel was built in 1682, and within its walls the ardent, almost ferocious patriot, Shepard, ministered for nearly forty years. There, too. Henchman, Treadwell, Parsons, Thacher, Hurd, and Rockwood, exercised their gifts. About it the military were wont to assemble, and the effect of the unrestrained flow of " strong water," at the booths erected against the very walls, was apparent in bloody noses and torn garments. After the removal of the house, the unique belfry was transformed into a cozy little shoemakers' shop, and remained a picturesque object, near High Rock, till destroyed by fire, on the 25 th of March, 1849. In 1837, the house of worship shown in the following engrav- ing, was erected on South Common street, corner of Vine. FIRST PARISH MEETING-HOUSE. 1837 — 1S70. 314 Pictorial Addenda. This was the house in which the redoubtable Dr. Parsons Cooke for about a quarter of a century exercised his hi^h-keyed elocution in fervid warning to his own flock, and his keen power of vituperation in illustrating the blemishes in other Chris- tian bodies. It was entirely destroyed by fire on the evening of Christmas day, 1870. The site was soon occupied by the much more stately brick edifice which is now the spiritual anchorage of this ancient parish. And all will agree that if the spiritual growth of this our elder worshiping body has been commensurate with the architectural progress, its heavenward advancement has not been inconsiderable. The foregoing, in connection with the others referred to, are sufficient to give a pretty good idea of the improvement in eccle- siastical architecture here. There are now several very fine and costly churches in Lynn — St. Stephen's Memorial Church, a picture of which may be found on a leaf preceding the title- page being the most costly and in its features and appoint- ments, jjcrhaps the most perfect and beautiful. It was erected by the late Enoch Redington Mudgc at an expense of about $250.cxx). By turning to page 260 the reader will find a view of old St. Stephen's, the first Protestant Episcopal Church ever built here. Methodism took root in Lynn at an early period of its propa- gation, and has continued to flourish, in what appears to be a genial soil. The first service was held by Rev. Jesse Lee, in December, 1790. It was commenced in the house of Joseph Johnson, which stood on the north-east side of Market street, a few rods from Essex, but for lack of room was adjourned to a neighboring barn. This Johnson house was the same that many of our elder people will remember as that in which "Old Gates," as he was called, had his law oflfice for some time, and in which Hilton and Newcomb subsequently kept their furniture store. The first Methodist society was organized in February, 1791 — about two months after Mr. Lee's coming ; and in about four months after the organization, they erected a house of worship, which is said to have been the first of the order in Massachu- setts. This was succeeded, in 1813, by the one which now makes a part of Lee Hall building, on Park square. The fine brick structure on the other side of the same square, is the So- Pictorial Addenda. 315 ciety's present place of worship. The " Cradle of Methodism," as the old Johnson house has been called, is here depicted. OLD JOHNSON HOUSE, MARKET STREET, LYNN. The " Cradle of Methodism." The buildings erected in Lynn, for municipal uses, till within a few years, were of a character almost deserving the epithet bestowed by some of our amiable neighbors — shabby. But we have now some of the finest and most costly in the state. Our present City Hall is the admiration of every citizen — excepting, perhaps, a few jejune tax-payers — and so are our school and engine houses. The City Hall appears on a page before the title, and here we place the old Town House, as in blushing contrast. OLD TOWN HOUSE, LYNN. Jiuilt in 1814 — Destroyed by fire in 1864. 3i6 Pictorial Addenda. Next we present an engraving of the first rail-road depot in Lynn ; and a poor little one it was, as will be seen. It was erected by the Eastern Rail-road Company as soon as they were ready for travel, in 1838, and stood on the north-west side of the track, occupying as much of the site of the present brick and iron station, in Central Square, as its diminutive proportions required. Half a dozen trains or so of small cars, not much larger than old-fashion stage-coaches, and like them opening only at the sides, passed up and down daily ; and the freight transportation was but a fraction of what it now is. After ten years' service it was in 1848 succeeded by the more capacious and convenient but hardly more tasteful brick station, of which a picture may be seen on page 40; and this latter, in 1872, gave place to the well-appointed station that now adorns the Square. For a hundred and fifty years shoe-manufacturing has been the leading mechanical industry of Lynn, and till within a few years, the work was done by hand ; the buildings required were small and very common in their appointments ; but when ponderous machinery was intrcxluced substantial and capacious structures began to appear. While the work was done by hand, the shoes were cut out in small buildings occupied by the " bosses," and thence taken by the "jours" to their own little shops, maile up and returned. These shops were to be seen in all quarters, for they rather affected |xjsitions whence the incomings and outgoings of neighbors could be observed ; and the sprightly music of the lapstone and hammer was well-nigh ceaseless. In the picture of Market street, which precedes the title- Pictorial Addenda. 317 page of this volume, several which adorned that thorough- fare are seen. But hardly any of these interesting historical dots now remain. The great brick factories loom up triumph- antly and the hoarse voice of the steam-driven machinery pro- claims invention's conquest. The two following are fair speci- mens of our modern manulactories. MODERN SHO'5' MA^UF\CTORY, LYNN ExLhauge btieet Block. MODERN SHOE MANUFACTORY, L^ NN. .Sweetser Building, corner of Washington and Oxford Streets 3i8 Pictorial Addenda. Allusions have been made in former pages to the style of dwel- lings compion in earlier times. Of course the taste, means, and ambition of individuals had a controlling influence in given cases ; but yet there were certain characteristics marking the ordinary erections. In some instances the habitations, of the poorer classes especially, were placed partially under ground, for shelter from the cold ; while others, more desirous of the cheering sun- light, dotted the clearings and enlivened the acclivities ; but in most cases they were rude and unadorned ; not indeed more elegant than the one here represented. AN 1 \KLY UWELLING-HOUSE. A little later on, wc find the style of building adopted by many of the well-to-do folk like that represented by the following cut of the well-known Rebecca Nurse house. BKBBCCA ML'UaA's UULSK. Pictorial Addenda. 319 In various parts of Lynn, now dilapidated specimens of the foregoing style are to be seen, and many have disappeared within the recollection of the writer. In our view of Market street, preceding the title-page, one or two may be observed. The Nurse house is famous in our county annals, and has a deeply touching history. Mrs. Nurse was a woman of many virtues and much beloved by her neighbors ; yet she fell a victim to the witchcraft infatuation, and was executed for the supposed crime, meeting her ignominious death like a true Christian heroine. The gambrel-roof house soon appeared, though it is hard to see what special recommendation it had. Perhaps it was thought picturesque ; and it was somewhat so, when amid sur- roundings like those represented in the engraving here given, which was drawn from an ancient house in Norfolk county. AN ANCIENT GAMBREL-ROOF HOUSE. A neat example of this style may be seen on Marion street, in the historic Dr. Flagg or William Gray house. It was there that Dr. Flagg, a learned man as well as skillful physician and ardent revolutionary patriot lived ; and there, too, Lieutenant 320 Pictorial Adoknda. Governor Gray, lamed in his clay as the most wealthy man in New England, was born. He was grandfather of Judge Horace Gray, at |)resent an associate justice on the bench of the Supreme Court of the United States, and late chief justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. Another and rougher example of this style of building is the " Uncle Jed " house, as it was called si.xty or seventy years ago — on Boston street, corner of Kirt- land. Our Market street view also exhibits a specimen. As has been intimated, there was, in early times, here and there a residence widely differing from the generality, in costli- ness and elegance. One of the most notable, of whatever degree, in this vicinity, is the "old witch house," so called, still stand- ing in Essex street, Salem, at the corner of North. There was, as builders .say, " a g()ly himself to the duties of a profession that was not probably congenial. He had generous and kindly traits, and considerable literary taste, but unfortunately inherited a temper that was at times almost uncontrollable, a circumstance that detracted from his social i)oj)ularity. His remains were em- balmed and reached Lynn, Sept. 8. The large brick building, owned by Lucius Beebe and Son, Western avenue, corner of Federal street, occupied as a glove-kid and morocco factory, was burned Sept. 3. Loss, $75,500. ANNALS OF LYNN — I 886. 333 Corner stone of the Church of the Incarnation laid, Sept. 25, Bishop Paddock delivering an appropriate address. A heavy thunder storm, Oct. 3, flooded several business places in and near Munroe street, and delayed railroad trains. Lynn Shoe and Leather Association organized, Oct. 9. Horse car line through Washington street opened, Nov. 30. 18 8 6. Died in Lynnfield, Jan. 17, Rev. Jacob Hood, aged 94. He was a school teacher in earl)' life, of a thoughtful, serious turn of mind and always much respected. He belonged to the old Hood family of Lynn and Nahant. Benjamin A. Ward, a well-known citizen, was, on the night of Feb. I, attacked by three highwaymen, who severely assaulted him and robbed him of eighty dollars and a gold watch. He was on his way home from his offlce in Central square, and the attack was made on Chestnut street. One of the robbers, named Timmins, was soon arrested, and in due course of law sentenced to the state prison for fifteen years, where, in about two years, he died. The two others were convicted in New York of prior offences and sent to Sing-Sing prison, each for fifteen years. An unusual overflow of the water courses took place in and about Lynn during February, caused by the falling of abundant rains on the frozen ground. Meadows were changed to lakes and in some localities basement stories were abandoned and boats called into use. The Sluice pond gate was opened, Feb. 13, to save the dam. The Lynn Daily Item and the Daily Bee, newspapers that had befote been published at one cent per copy, raised the price to two cents, March i. Mechanics' Exchange formally opened, April i. Grand Army building, Andrew street, dedicated, April 21. St. Stephen's chimes rang for the first time, April 25, Easter day. This was the first set of bells Lynn ever had. Hon. Josiah C. Bennett gives to the Lynn Hospital the entire amount of his year's salary as Senator — ^652. Rev. George A. Crawford delivered the Memorial Day address, in the Coliseum, May 31. There was a rowing regatta in Lynn harbor, June 19. Lynn contributed ^2.060 for relief of the sufferers by the destructive earthquake at Charleston, S. C, Aug. 31. And St. Stephen's Church sent a separate donation of ^JJ towards repair- ing the shattered tower of the venerable St. Michael's. On the 25th of September Capt. Martin V. B. Stone of Swamp- scott received an ovation in consideration of his triumph in the race for the America's prize cup between the yacht Mayflower under his command, and the English yacht Galatea, under 334 ANNALS OF LVNN — 1SS7. command of Lieut. Henn. A gold watch, bearing an engraved representation of the yacht, was presented. Nov. 22, the day on which President Arthur was buried, marks of respect were shown in Lynn by the closing of public offices, raising flags at half-mast, and the performance of a dirge on St. Stephen's bells. The religious Society of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian) was formed this year. The bVench Catholic Church was also organized. 18 8 7. On Thursday evening, Jan. 13, Washington Irving Hisho|) gave an exhibition of his power of " mind reading," in Music Hall, to an intelligent though rather small audience. A some- what pretentious circular had heralded his coming, giving ac- counts of his marvelous success before sovereigns anil nobles in Lurope. Hut it did not appear that his feats were more astonishing than those of some others of humbler pretention who had from time to time appeared here as illustrators i»f '* mental science." A successful fair was held by Post 5 of the Grand Army, commencing Feb. 15. The net proceeds amounted to $8,623.48. On the 25th of February, President Cleveland sent to the U. S. Senate a message vetoing the bill passed by Congress ajjpro- priating §ico.ooo for the erection of a public building in Lynn, chiefly for postoffice accommodation. The President's reasons were generally viewed with candor though considerable disap- pointment was felt. On the 28th of Feb. the enthusiastic revivalist, " Sam Small," commenced a series of meetings in the First Methodist Church. They were well attended, and closed March 6. Honest seekers after gootl, and others from idle curiosity were there. Henry A. Hreed, a well-known citizen, died April 15, aged, 86. He was a descendant from the early Lynn settler, Allen Hreed, and a son of Thomas A. Hreed, for many years onward from 18 1 3, landlord of Lynn Hotel, which, under his management, attained an enviable reputation. Henry A. commenced his active business life about 1819, did a great deal in the building line, and was zealous in forwarding improvements of almost every kind. Heing of a sanguine and somewhat credulous turn, and withal attracted by projects of a speculative character, he had serious business ups and downs ; the finality being of the latter sort. Hut he always maintained the respect and good-will of his fellow citizens by his genial manners, readiness to aid the unfor- tunate, and other good qualities. His business prostrations were umloubtedly sometimes attributable to over-confidence in his own ability to " read " those with whom he dealt ; but more ANNALS OF LYNN 1887. 335 often in the ability of those others, not half as honest as he, to " read " him. He was one of the founders of the Second Con- gregational (Unitarian) Society, and was a devoted member till his death. He was for many years a member of Mount Carmcl Lodge of Freemasons, and likewise an accredited member of the fraternity of Odd Fellows. The Memorial Day address was delivered by Rev. Henry E. Mott, of Newburyport, May 30. Hon. James N. Buffum died June 12. He was for many years a marked character among us ; bright, busy, of positive opinions, readiness of expression, great perseverance and withal of kindly sympathies and benevolent instincts. He was born in North Berwick, Me., May 16, 1807, and was what is usually called a self-made man. And it would be doing violence to the general sentiment of the community to intimate that he was not well made. He married, April 20, 1831, a daughter of Dr. John Lummus, and by her had three daughters, two of whom survive him. He was twice Mayor — 1869 and 1872; and likewise served a term in the Legislature. The Robert E. Lee Camp of Confederate Veterans, of Rich- mond, Va,, visited Post 5 of the Grand Army, Lynn, June 18. A banquet was held in a capacious tent on the Common, and the most fraternal feeling was manifested among those who had met as antagonists on the battle field. It was an occasion of much more than ordinary interest. Col. Allen G. Shepherd acted as Chief Marshal. A delegation of Post 5, 160 in number, left Lynn, July i, on a return visit to the Confederate Veterans, and after an absence of eight days reached home, on the whole well pleased with their excursion. On the 8th of July, the old mill on Saugus river, at the Boston street crossing, was burned. This was a famous mill, for gene- rations, and did faithful service as a grist, snuff, and spice mill. More especially did its product in the shape of Childs's chocolate become an admired article the world over. On the 3d of Aug. the Mayors of several Massachusetts cities visited Lynn by invitation of Mayor Hart. The Mayors of Bos- ton, Brockton, Chelsea, Fitchburg, Gloucester, Haverhill, Law- rence, Lowell, Newburyport, Northampton, Somerville, Waltham and Worcester came. The conclusion of the day's entertainment was a drive to Nahant, and a banquet at the Bass Point House. Died, Aug. 7, at his home in Summer street, Hon. Edward S. Davis, aged 79. He was a native of Lynn, and a descendant of Rev. Stephen Bachelor, the first minister. There was a marked difference between Mr. Buffum, just spoken of, and Mr. Davis, the one being bold, aggressive and sometimes even defi- ant ; while the other was quiet and unassuming, possessing indeed those amiable characteristics that are often mistaken for 336 ANNALS OF LVNN — 1888. timidity, hui each had the respect of his fellow-citizens in a large degree, and each in his own sphere did much that was highly appreciated. Mr. Davis had a discriminating literary taste and accumulated a large library. Me was considerably in public life ; was four years President of the Common Council, and two years Mayor. lie likewise for a term represented the town in the Legislature. In religious sentiment he was long and firmly attached to the episcopal Church, and probably ditl more than any other to plant the Church in the once rather uncongenial soil of Lynn. The resolutions of respect passed by the various bodies, literary, benevolent and religious, with which he was connected, fully attested to the high esteem in which he was held. Mr. Davis was happy in his domestic relations. On the 26th of March, 1835, he was united in marriage with Llvira, daughter of Caj)t. Nathaniel Newhall, and she survives him. They had no children. The newly-esLiblishcd " Labor Day " was first celebrated here, September 5. Hy a fire on Lami)er's wharf, Sept. 1 1, nineteen horses perished. A notable ceremony took place in St. Mary's (Roman Catho- lic) Church, Oct. 18, namely, the investment of Rev. Patrick Strain with the title and insignia of Monsignor. He had been a faithful and laborious minister of the Church here, for nearly forty years, having commenced in January, 185 1. His labors had been wonderfully successful and well deserving the honor conferred. An approved writer, in giving an account of the ceremony, said : *' At the present time, in the very townships where Mgr. Strain lal)ored for years without a coadjutor ten hard worked priests ailminister to the wants of the faithful. And now this priest of 65 autumns and ^y years of relentless struggle, begins to reap the golden harvest of his arduous labors. He is made a Permanent Rector, by order of the late Council of Balti- more, with the apj)robation of his venerable Archbishojx Again we find him raised to the dignity of Missionary Apostolic of the Holy See, and to-.2 338 ANNALS OF LVNN I 889. St. Luke's (Methodist) Church was dedicated October 28. Hon. William F. Johnson died at Nahant, Nov. 24. He was born on Nahant, then a part of Lynn, July 30, 18 19, and was a son of the peninsular patriarch, Caleb Johnson, who was also born there and lived to about the age of ninety. The early education of Mr. Johnson was somewhat limited, so far as book instruction was concerned, but his quick apprehension and taste for reading, his penetrating examination of current subjects, and patient inquiry into the wherefore of things, soon placed him among the most intelligent. For the wear and tear of mercan- tile life he soon seemed to discover that he was not well adapted, and hence, as soon as circumstances permitted accepted more quiet and congenial employment. For many years he was Secretary of the Lynn Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and during his official period that institution lost nothing of its high re|nitation. Hut his daily duties at the desk did not prevent his cordial participation in the benevolent, reformatory and social movements of the day. The Hospital and the Home for Aged Women, especially, had his sympathy his labors and his contri- butions. In municipal atVairs Mr. Johnson bore a conspicuous part for many years, always doing faithful service. He held the office of Mayor in 1858, fulfilling the duties with credit and ability. He was genial in manners, a faithful friend and the enemy of none ; and one of the attractive few who are welcome every where. In religious affiliation he was for some time a member of the Haptist connection, but in middle life became a member of the Fpiscopal church, and remained steadfast in that communion to the end of his life. l*"or a number of years he was a warden of St. Stephen's, and on the organization of the Church of the Incarnation, was elected to the same office in that boily. He did much to |)romote the growth of his beloved church in Lynn. Mr. John.son was thrice married, and left a widow and four children. His funeral took place on the after- noon of Nov. 27, from the Church of the Incarnation. Lennox's brick factory, Market street, with other buildings, was burned. Dec. 22. Loss, $i36.ocx). 18 8 9. John W. Hcrry was appointed Judge of Lynn Police Court, Jan. 23. succeeding Rollin K. Harmon who hail resigned to take the office of Judge of Probate for Fs.sex County. Philip Pitts, a police officer of Saugus, died in Lynn Hospital, Jan. 26. He was on duty in Cliftondale on the night of Jan. 23, when he was shot by a burglar, the wound proving fatal. On the evening of Jan. 30, the planing mill near the southerly end of Commercial street was burned, with one or two smaller buildings. Loss about ^25.cxx). ANNALS OF LYNN 1889. 339 Josiah F. Kimball died in Boston, Feb. 3, aged 68. He was a native of Ipswich, but came to Lynn in early life and learned the printing business in the Freeman office, which business he followed many years, as printer, publisher, and editor. Few men were better known or more highly respected. He was careful that any paper issued by him should be what is known as a "clean paper" — free from sensationalism, unkind person- alities or erroneous statements of any kind. His literary taste was far above mediocrity, and he wrote many poems, largely of a humorous character, that were widely circulated and deserv- edly praised. He held various public offices ; served in the Legislature ; and for several years held a position in the Boston Custom House. He was nurtured in the old New England orthodox faith, but in manhood became a devoted member of the Episcopal church. His funeral took place from St. Stephen's, which had long been his spiritual home. His first wife was a daughter of County Treasurer Wade ; and his second,- who survived him, was a lady from Portsmouth, N. H. He had no issue. The Light Lifantry and Wooldredge Guards left Lynn for Washington, March 2, to take part in the ceremonies of the inauguration of President Harrison, and returned, March 7, much pleased by their trip and reception. Died in Tyson, Vt., March 2, Lewis Josselyn, aged 83. Mr. Josselyn was a prominent figure in Lynn for a number of years. Editors are usually conspicuous members of the community ; especially such editors as Mr. Josselyn — so alert, so ubiquitous. He was editor, proprietor and publisher of the " Lynn Bay State," a large and handsome weekly sheet, of pronounced Dem- ocratic principles. He was a vigorous writer and occupied a prominent place in the editorial fraternity of New England. Few persons connected with the newspaper press had a more just conception of the duties and responsibilities of an editor ; and the spirit of fairness that characterised the trenchant ema- nations from his pen was worthy of imitation. He made an attempt, in connection with his son, to establish a daily Bay State, but the golden day evidently had not arrived when every town, village and hamlet could rejoice in its daily service of news from every quarter of the globe, seasoned, in too many instances, with neighborhood gossip and social scandal — and so the attempt was given over. Mr. Josselyn was a native of Pem- broke, Plymouth county. During his career he held various offi- ces ; was at one time Clerk of the House of Representatives, and held positions in the Boston and Salem Custom Houses. He was what was known as a war democrat during the civil war, and fought vigorously with pen and tongue in the Union cause. The most daring partisan did not venture to call him a "copper head." 340 ANNALS OF LVNN — 1S89. Hon. Kdwin Waklen died, March 12, agjcd 70. He was born here and educated in the public schools of Ward 6, of which he was a native. For many years he was connected with the shoe business ; but in mature life was more especially known for his excellent management in public afiairs. Though at times exhib- iting strong party feeling, he always acted from settled principle and well-considered convictions. One so qualified, with such util- itarian views and forecast, could not fail of being closely identified with jiublic affairs. In municipal matters, after serving in both branches of the Council, he found himself, in 1870, in the Mayor's chair, where he remained for two terms, doing the duties fearlessly and with the unfeigned applause of the most considerate and unprejudiced. Hut perhaps he was Ijcst known by his persevering and judicious labors as one of the moving spirits in the attainment of our now generous supply of pure water. The series of plans which have so favorably resulted are in a large degree attributable to his foresight, sagacity and per- severance. And it seems most fitting that the last-formed and most beautiful lakelet — Walden pond — should bear his name. He ser\'ed in several State oflfices, with increasing reputation for devotion to duty and for promj)tness and vigor of action ; was a Representative and a Senator, and a commissioner in two or three impcjrtant State projects. As President of the Hoston Revere Heach and Lynn Railroad, his services were apparent in the unvarying success of the corporation, notwithstanding the grave doubts and surmises that attended its inauguration. Mrs. Walden and five children survived the husband and father. General Joshua L. Chamberlain delivered the Memorial Day address, May 30. Lynn contributed something rising S5.000 for the sufferers by the terrible disaster at Johnstown, Pa., that occurreil May 31, by the breaking of the dam of the great reservoir 450 feet above the town and some 12 miles distant, at the upper end of the valley. The dam hjeld a body of water covering 750 acres and of an average depth of 30 feet. From 4.000 to 5.000 lives appear to have been lost, and 2.500 houses destroyed. Fsti- mates as to the loss of lives however, varied, some placing the number higher than 5.000. The place was substantially de- stroyed. Died in Lynn, June 28, Maria Mitchell, for many years pro- fessor of astronomy in Vassar College, aged 70. She was known throughout the scientific world for her attainments, especially in astronomy. She was a native of Nantucket, and inherited from her father a love for scientific pursuits and power of application. A sudden temi>est arose about noon, July 23d, with vivid light- ning and heavy thunder. Damage was done in some parts of the city by the heavy rainfall, and the lightning struck in ANNALS OF LYNN I 889. 34I several places. One of the electric cars was stopped by the melting of a wire. The annual parade of the Essex County Odd Fellows took place in Lynn, Sept. 24. The weather was fine, and about 1.200 members marched in line. Many buildings were decorated. A notable military parade took place in Lynn Oct. 3d. The Fifth, Eighth and Ninth Regiments of Infantry, the First and Second Battalions of Artillery, the Second Battalion of Cavalry, Signal and Ambulance Corps, appeared and made an extended march through a number of our principal streets with several bands of music. The day was beautiful, and there was a large gathering of spectators. A barricade was thrown across Market street, near Liberty, and a feigned mob assembled to intercept the march of the troops. Four lines of skirmishers approached the barricade, and a gatlin gun being brought to bear, the mob dispersed and the victors, clearing away the debris, marched on triumphantly. Evidently General Peach, the commander of the victorious forces had a good conception of the manner in which a mob should be met. The electric line of street cars from the Myrtle street stable to Central square was opened Oct. 3. The U. S. General Convention of Universalists was held in Lynn, Oct. 22, and continued four days. More than a thousand delegates and friends attended. American flags were raised on several of the public school buildings during November — on the Burrill, Nov. 4; on the Ingalls, Nov. 9; on the Shepard, Nov. 12. On the 15th, Post 5 of the Grand Army presented a flag to the Classical High School. By such means it was thought the youth would be more thoroughly imbued with patriotic sentiments. At the State election, Nov. 5, our citizens for the first time had an opportunity to vote under what has been called the Aus- tralian system, a system which seems substantially to have been evolved by the genius of the Australians, and which enables the voter to ballot with the utmost privacy. It had marked success and was highly praised for its convenience, its secresy, and its avoidance of confusion and excitement at the polls. To Elihu B. Hayes, a Lynn Representative in the Legislature, much of the honor of introducing the system was attributed ; indeed he was called by his fellow-legislators the father of the system in Massachusetts, A somewhat singular disease, under the French name la grippe, prevailed here, and indeed over nearly the whole world, during the latter part of the year. It seemed to operate ditierently in different constitutions. In some cases there was a loss of appe- tite, and a tired, languid feeling. In other cases it suddenly seized with severe pains in the head 'or back, with slight nausea. 342 HisTOKV OF Lynn. — Gnat Fire. Very few escaped its attack in some way and to some extent. In many instances it proved to be the j^recursor of other dis- eases and not unfrequcntly terminated fatally. Tm; Great Firk. The greatest calamity that ever overtook Lynn, in her whole history, occurred on the 26th of November. 1889 ; that is, so far as loss of property was involved, though she was singularly fortu- nate in escaping loss of life or serious personal injury. We allude to what will hereafter be known as the Great Fire. It was about noon, of a sunny day, that the fire broke out in the boiler room of the large wooden building on Almont street known as Mower's block. There was a pretty high wind, anil in an exceedingly short space of time several of the adjacent buildings were in tiames. It soon became apparent that our own fire department, single handed, would be powerless to con- trol the conflagration ; and therefore telegraphic despatches, im- ploring aid, were hastily forwarded to Hoston, Chel.^ca, Salem, Gloucester, Newburyport, and a number of other places. The despatches were responded to with the utmost alacrity, and the assistance thus promptly rendered added much to the ardor of our own firemen as well as in itself being of great value. Within an hour or two several of the finest four or five story brick business buildings were destroyed, together with many of inferior kind ; and still the flames raged. Four banks, namely, •he First National, the Central National, the National Security, and the Lynn Institution for Savings, were soon out of doors; so likewise were the three daily newspajiers — the Hee, the Item, and the Press. The area of ground burned over, including streets and squares, was thirty-one acres, and it was in the most central business part of the city. The total loss, according to the Chief Engi- neer's report, was $4,959,989.08, though the State Commissioner's report made the loss about $2,000 less. The insurance was stated at $4,133,516.67. During the fire very commendable order was maintained, for the authorities, as a safeguard, promptly called out the military companies I and D of Lynn, and to these was added company H of Salem. A squad of twenty-five of the Boston police also appeared for duty. The number of buildings destroyed was 334. some of them If ~ 'l_ ^' ' - ■■|'^ ^ I •" 14^ ^ #f- Ckntrai. SviarI'; Lynn — licforf the preat Firt of S'tn'. 2b, 1889. [K.xry building rc|)rcscntcd in the cut was destroyed) > iJJl^ 5"fr^:A 3 ' I 8!!.fi„iiE,2I^Pi|| Mkim \ krxox mkkki, i.^^^ — htjor,- the i^cat tin oj .\\r . zi\ \'»!>k). (The entire length of this fine street wx* burned.] History of Lynn, — Great Fire. 343 massive brick business structures, some wooden factories and some wooden dwellings. The various streets suffered in the loss of buildinss as follows : Almont street 1 1 Amity st i6 Beach st 48 Broad st 58 Central square, 17 Exchange st 24 Farrar st 11 Mt. Vernon st 4 Munroe street, 4 Sagamore st 25 Silsbee st 6 Spring st 18 Suffolk st 18 Suffolk St. place, 8 Union st 45 Washington st 21 Our active and efficient Mayor, Hon. Asa T. Newhall, was' unwearied in his endeavors to mitigate the sufferings of those most severely affected personally by the calamity ; and all others of his official coadjutors worked with a will for the common good. The result was that immediate wants were speedily supplied. There was a good supply of water, but it appeared that some of the transmission pipes were not sufficiently large for such an unforeseen emergency ; a fact that gave rise to the apprehension that there was a deficiency. Some of the suffering business men were on the alert even while the conflagration was pursuing its fiery course, to secure new quarters, that their business might be as little interrupted as possible. And it was wonderful with what composure they met the disaster and with what energy they set about repairing their damaged fortunes. Some even claimed that the fire would prove of positive benefit, by sweeping away a number of dangerous old wooden structures whose places would soon be occupied by those of modern style, safer and more convenient. And now, in the spring of 1890, we see a number of stately buildings in process of erection in the burned district. After the fire, from various causes, chiefly, perhaps, because land was cheaper, some manufacturers began to plan for locating in sections more remote from Central square ; in East and West Lynn, especially, railroad facilities being far better than they were at the time when business began to centre about the square. Lynn has always contributed liberally to relieve the sufferings of others by fire or flood — the fire at Marblehead and the flood at Johnstown, for instance. And when the great calamity over- took her, she in her turn received the sympathy and contributions of others. The bread that she had cast upon the waters, when she had it to spare, floated back in her time of need. 344 HisTr.KV OF LvNN. — Fortst Park. Forest Park. By rcferrii\c; to paj^cs 90 and 254 of the present volume some- thing will be found regarding the incipient movements in the laudable enterprise of forming a F'ree Public Park, embracing as many acres as possible of the romantic and eminently apjiropri- atc territory that lies along our northern border. The shady glens, rocky heights, towering trees, wild shrubbery, vagrant streams and tranquil ponds, all conspire by their varied charms and historic connections to render it most fitting for such a purpose. Hy a legi.slative act of 1882, cities and towns are enabled to take lands for public parks ; and under that act Lvnn has proceeded to appoint Park Commissioners and do such other things as are necessary to carr\' out what is evidently the ardent desire of the citizens — to possess a public ground that shall be worthy of the opportunity now presented, and enduring evi- dence of the taste, liberality and discriminating fore-thought of the people of this our day. The territory now [May, 1890,] secured by the Park Commissioners, together with the contiguous lands owned by the City and acquired by the Water Hoard, amounts to about 1.400 acres, including the water area. Four beau- tiful ponds add their charms to the grounds, namely, Breed's, liirch, Walden and Glen Lewis. These measure in the aggregate three hundred and twelve acres. It is ea.sy to sec of what ines- timable value the Park will be to future generations by keeping the great water-shed from which our supply comes free from contaminations that necessarily appertain to dense settlements. The names of the first Hoard of Park Commissioners arc : Philip A. Chase, (Chairman,) ; Aaron F. Smith, C. H. Pinkham, Frank VV. Jones, Henjamin F. Spinney. Many of our people, it is probable, do not fully realize the value of our ponds for sanitary purposes as well as for picturesque beauty. Nor is it probable that a just conception of their num- ber and extent is usually entertained. The principal ones, cov- ering five hundred and nine acres and a half, are as follows : Hirch pond, . , . . S4 atrc-. G.jld Fish pond, . I I ■2 acres. Breed's pond, . . . 64 " ' Holder's pond, . • 7 '• Cedar, pund, . . . 43 '• Lily i>ond, . . . • 4 Flax pond 75 .Sluice |)ond. 50 t. Floating Bridge pond, 17 •' Walden pond, . . \i6 '• Glen I^wis pond, . . 36 " History of Lynn. — Industries. 345 There assuredly is a growing desire in the community for the preservation of natural scenery ; and already associations have been formed in various places with the laudable purpose of giving intelligent direction to that desire. Lynn may well feel that in her Park she is not only protecting and preserving most superb natural scenery, but is at the same time adding to her sanitary safeguards, and preparing a delightful field for the healthful enjoy- ment of old and young, rich and poor. Industries of Lynn. The leading business of Lynn continues to be, as it has been for almost a hundred and fifty years, the Manufacture of Ladies Shoes. And though the manufacturers lost largely by the great fire, it does not seem that there has been much diminution in the volume of trade, though it is carried on in some instances in different localities. But little need be said here in addition to what has been given elsewhere on these pages. There are 179 factories, with an aggregate capital of 1^4.550.000 ; average number of persons employed, 12.000; value of annual product, $21,300,000; gross profit, $4,000,000; average yearly earnings of each employe, $465. Of course it is not claimed that these estimates are entirely unerring in every instance, but they are as reliable as diligent inquiries and care could make them. Next in historical importance is the Leather Mannfaetiire — chiefly that which comes under the general names of morocco and leather. It is probable that at no .former period has this branch of industry been more active or profitable. The number of fac- tories may be stated at 30 ; capital invested, $950,000 ; value of product, $2,450,000; stock used, $1,687,000; number em- ployed, 800. The recently established Thomson-Hotiston Electric Works, which are briefly spoken of under date 1883, bid fair to over- shadow all the other industries of Lynn. They have attained huge proportions in a marvelously short time, the business having increased in five years from about $400,000 per annum to $12,000,000. At the present time, May, 1890, there are employed at the works here 2.500 persons ; which number, by including those elsewhere engaged in the service of the Company would be raised to more than 4.000. The amount of capital. Sup. 3. 34^ History of Lynn. — Industries. including inYcstcd surplus, is about Sq.ocw.ooo. The floor space now occupied by the Lynn factories is 281.586 square feet. The product of the Company is electrical machinery of all kinds, and is of course for the greater part disposed of in the United States ; but there is a constant and increasing demand for their apparatus, in all parts of the civilized world. Of the various other industries of Lynn so much has been said elsewhere that nothing need be added in this connection. So large a portion of the population of Lynn consists of work- ing people that it would be remarkable if there were not combi- nations of various orders formed in the hope of bettering the condition of those who are dependent for a livelihood upon the labor of their hands. We have had a large share of what are popularly known as labor troubles, but at the present time seem measurably, though by no means entirely, free from difficulties of this kind. Such lessons however have been learned that the more considerate on both sides — employers and employed — see that forbearance and concession are very needful. It is said that the poor are always discontented. liut are the rich ever con- tented } The whole civilized world is now agitated by labor throes ; a condition that perhaps follows from the increasing intelligence of all classes, truer conceptions of individual capa- bilities, power,' and natural rights. The result of this unrest will surely be the essential modification of some of the unnatural features of the present artificial condition of society. Hut these so called labor troubles are not the only elements that are work- ing important changes in the texture of society. Among others is the marked change in the relative position of woman. We now find the fairer sex in about all the professions and relations that a few years ago were considered to appertain only to men. And it is a fact of rainbow promise. Especially is her healthful influence perceptible in the ever broadening field of literature. There, she is scattering seeds that will not fail to produce most wholesome fruit. But may we not indulge the hope that she will not soon be found on the turbulent borders of the political arena, panting to join in the feverish conflicts there.' Permanent reforms must come, but need not be expected in whirlwind rush, such as characterized some of the vain attempts in years gone by, but by such peaceful gradations as nature herself exemplifies. m^^ Tick above is a correct reprcscntatiun <.f one of the nios-t excellent of our more recently i->talilishec) institutions — the hospital. The buildings are not costly, l)ut arc pictures<|uclv xittiaicd on historic ground, on Boston street, Inrtwcen Franklin and Washington street.-. licME FOR A«;ei» WuMEN. Tills is another of our praiseworthy institutions. The building is at the west end of the Common, on the north side, and was originally, in 1S32, built for and occupied by the unfor- tunate Nahant Hank, which failed in 1836. An ancient dwelling gave place to the structure. .See pages 62, 73, and 34S. History of Lynn. — Benevolent Institutions, etc. 347 Benevolent Institutions, etc. Lynn has a full share of organizations, benevolent, social, literary and recreative. But few, however, can even be named here ; nor is it necessary that they should be, as our annual Directories give all the information that in most cases would be desired, their names usually indicating their fields of labor. But one or two merit special notice. Lynn Hospital. Allusion to the history of this institution may be found on page 270. At the close of 1889, the finances appeared in a satisfactory condition. The receipts for the year from incomes, bequests, and donations, were $13,311.58, and the expenses ;^ 10.749.29. The average number of patients for the year was 21, and the expense for each patient for board, medi- cine, and attendance, was $511.87 per annum. The medical cases were in number 558, and the surgical, 703 ; diseases of the eye, ear, and skin, 136. The Hospital fund, June, 1890, has reached about $85,000. Of that $26,000 have been invested in land and buildings, and $2,500 in furnishings ; leaving over $56,000 invested in securities, the income of which is devoted to running expenses. The annual expense of maintenance is now about $10,000. And the income from investments being about $3,000, some $7,000 have to be raised each year. The working men, in all departments of trade, have year by year liberally contributed. And indeed all classes have shown their appreci- ation of the value of the institution in the true way, by pecuniary aid. The Oxford Club, until its rooms were destroyed by the fire, raised each year from $900, the amount of its first annual contri- bution, to $3,600, the result of its last entertainment. And there have been several opportune donations from sympathising individuals, as well as bequests. The annual church collections have for several years amounted to $1,000. The late collections in response to the renewed appeals of the managers, when no single subscription above $10 was asked, resulted in nearly $6,000. The managers regard the Hospital as eminently an institution for the people, and the people, on their part, cordially do what they can for its support. And all of us can give it our prayers, if we have nothing else to give. That its affairs have been skillfully and prudently managed, and with a single eye to the good of all concerned, there is no doubt ; and by increased 34^ History of Lvw — A' •„ „ / . ^ i^\ss.~/u,u-,Wr,f/ Associaiious, etc. Wniian, I, Morgan, an.iT T L 3": ' D : d H | 'T'"^"' '^ r.ym AssociaM Charities. This is another .-7' '"' commendable organizations, which ha in an .1°, V"^ ' ""'' accomiihshed much -ooH K. ,? ""ostentatious way, energy in sunr^^n^" th^' ■ 'T' '^ """''' ''' I'™'"P'ness and Tying ti„e rth' 1 , r""'"'' """'^ °f ^"fterers a. the It wa^s or^nt d in' fsL ;; """"^ " .'" ^^^'■=^'" ^-Snition. has contintd 'o incrlaL in . 7'"""' """" "■'•" ''••"--• -"• pr^en^is wi„iam"Kt;;;;„-:^;;:^„:-r"^ ^--- ••' haJthet:f;;^;.f^':f„„"7" ' ^r''^-^ '"■^'"■"- "^- "- funds that have been s cure, T" "' m" ""' '"°P''=' -" '"e ■■ '^"'f all Mayi.eve^rcont'ue:' '°°"-*"' ^"" '■"'-"•^' Reeling. History of Lynn. — Autographs of Mayors. 349 AUTOGRAPHS OF MAYORS. By turning to pages 292, '93, and '94 the reader will find fac- similes of the signatures of all the Mayors of Lynn, down to Mr, Lovering — 1882. And the following embraces all the succeeding ones down to the present time — 1890. 1883 and 1884, William L. Baird. /^ V /A J / Q/^CZ^cc^^u . i886|and 1887, George D. Hart. 1888, George C. Higgins. 1889 and 1890, Asa T. Newhall, 350 HisTOKV OF Lynn. — Closing ]\'orJs. Closing Words. Considering that the writer has already passed the age of four-score years, it is hardly probable that he will again take up the thread of the history of Lynn, his native place ; though it is not an inspiring belief, that the pleasant employment that for so many years has occupied hours that to say the least might have been devoted to some worse purpose, is to be forever abandoned In this whirligig world, however, there is a possibility that in accordance with the custom of our dramatic friends there may be other last appearances. He claims to have a pretty good knowledge of the goings-on in Lynn for the last seventy years, and to have contributed .something to elucidate her history from its beginning. With his own hands he has set the types for these historical volumes even down to the page now under the reader's eye. Hut this is the place for a few modest words of retirement rather than for amplification. If, however, any one is eccentric enough to desire a glimpse at the chief landmarks in the life of one so little known to fame, he may find in the History of Es.sex County, published in 1888, by J. W. Lewis and Co. of Philadelphia, an autobiographical sketch. And for that history he prepared the sketches of Lynn, Lynnfield, and Swampscott. Were it not doing violence to his native modesty he would also add that the Centennial Memorial of Lynn and the account of the proceedings on her 250th anniversary, both published by order of the City Council, were prej)ared by him. Since the writer undertook the recording of Lynn's general history, several others have employed their pens in various departments. David N. John.son, in 1880 published a volume entitled " Sketches of Lynn, or the Changes of Fifty Years," a work of very good appearance, and containing many pleas- ant and graphic descriptions and faithful biographical delin- eations. It was deservedly received with favor. Then there came, also in 1880, " Lynn Pictures, by James JeflTrey, with De- signs and engravings by the Author," an unpretentious but com- panionable little volume. " Lynn and Surroundings, by Clarence W. Hobbs," profusely illustrated, appeared in 1888, and was well received by a large circle of readers. Many other writers have appeared here from time to time, whose valuable works, do not come within the present line of notice. I N D E X — (/^ Supplement) Armory, Franklin st. dedicated, 337. Arthur, President, his burial, 334. Associated Charities, 332, 348. Autographs of Mayors, 349. Bachelor, Rev. Stephen, 335. Baird, Wm. L., mayor, (autograph.) 349. Baldwin, John R., mayor, (autograph,) 349. Banks, 331,342. Batchelde^-, John, 332. Beebe, Lucius, 332. Bennett, Josiah C, his donation, t^t^t,. Benevolent institutions, 347. Berry, John W., appointed judge, 338. Birch pond, 344. Bishop, W. Irving, mind reader, 334. Boscobel hotel, 330, 332. Breed. Henry A., 334. Theophilus N., 330. Thomas A., 334. Breed's pond, 331, 344. Buffum, James N., 335. Camera Club, 336. Cedar pond; 344. Chamberlain, Gen., 340. Chase, George Hussey, 337. Chimes, St. Stephen's, 333. Choirs, musical, 330. Cleveland, President, his veto, 334. Closing words, 350. Confederate Veterans' visit to Lynn, 335. Contributions for sufferers, 333, 343. Crawford, George A., 333. Daily papers, price of raised, 333. Davis, Edward S., 335. Devens, Gen., 337. Dredging of Lynn harbor, 331. Electric works, 329, 345. Fairs. Grand Army, 330, 334. Ladies', for hospital, 331. Lasters' 331. Fires, 330, 331, 332, 335, 336, 3i8, 342. Hags on school houses, 341. Flax pond, 344. Floating bridge pond, 344. Forest Park, 344. Free Masonry, 348. French Catholic church, 334, 336. Glen Lewis pond, 344. Goldfish pond, 344. Grand Army building dedicated, 333. Grand Army fair, 330. Grant, President, death of, noticed, 332. Guild, Isaac O. 337. Harmon, Rollin E., 338. Hart, Geo. D. mayor, 335, (autograph) 349. Henn, Lieut., of yacht Galatea, 334. Higgins, Geo. C. mayor, (autograph,) 349. Hobbs, Clarence W., 350. Holder's pond, 344. Home for Aged Women, 348. Home for Inebriates, 331. Horse cars. See Railways. Hood, Jacob, 333. Hospital, 330, 331, 347. Incarnation, Church of the, 332, 333. Industries of Lynn, 345. Inebriates' home, 331. Jeffry, James, 350. Johnson. Caleb, 338, David N., 350. Francis, 331. William F., 338. Johnston flood. Lynn's contribution, 340. Josselyn, Lewis, 339. Kimball, Josiah F., 339. Labor day, 336. Labor troubles, 346. La grippe, 341. Lasters' Fair, 331. Leather manufacture, 345. Light Infantry and Wooldredge Guards visit Washington, 339. Lightning, 331, 333, 340. Lily pond, 344. Lincoln, President, 337. Lynn Pictures, Jeffrey's book, 350. Lynn and Surroundings, Hobbs's, 350. Mayflower and Galatea race, 333. Mayors of Massachusetts visit Lynn, 335. Mechanics' Exchange, 333. Memorial day orators, 330, 331, 332, 333 335> 337, 340. Methodist Conference, 331. Military parade, 341. Mind reading, 334. Mitchell, Maria, 340. Mondz, Maria, 331. Morgan, William F., 348. Morocco manufacture, 345. Mott, Henry E., 335. Moulton, John T., 337. Newhall, Asa T., mayor, 343, autograph, 349. Rev. Fale.s H., 330. Lucien, 332. Nathaniel, 336. New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian) ch., 334. (351) 352 Index — (to Supplement.) Odd Fellows, 34 >. 348. Park, Lynn Forest, 344- Palch, Cieorge 11., 33°- Peach, (Jen., 341. I'cvcar, llenrv A., 331- Pinkham, l.vdia E., 330. Pitcher. Moll, 337. Pitts. Philip, shot by burglar. 33S. Ponds, names of and arexs 344- Post 5 Grand Army visit Richmond, Railways, street. 330, 331. 333. 337. Revival meetings, 334. RoblK-rv of Uenj. A. Ward, 333. Rowii^g Regatta. 333. Salvation army, 331. Sargent, Fames M., 331. Shepherd. Allen G.. 335. ShtKT and leather Association. 333. Shoe business, 345. Simmons, \V. A., 331. Sketches of Lynn, Johnson's. 350. Skinner. John W., 330. Sluice pond, 344. Small, Sam. revivalist, 334- Soldiers monument. Swam"-' ■'" "? 335- j 341.! St Joseph's church consecrated. 332. St Luke's church dedicated. 338. St. Stephen's chimes, 333. Stone, Capt. M. V. U., 333- , Strain, Monsignor, his investment, 331'- Street railways. See Railways. Swcctscr, David H., 348. TcblKtts, r. H., 332- , Theatre, Lvnn. opened. 337- i Thompson, Rev. Kdwin, 337- Thomson, Llihu, 329. Tirrcll, Minot, 332. Tolman, John P.. 331- Trinity church. Tower hiU, 332- Univcrsalist semicentennial, 330. Universalist general convention, 34 «■ Veto of bill for public building, 334. Voting, Australian system of, 341. Voting precincts established. 331. Waldcn, Kdwin, mayor, 340. Walden pond. 344- Ward, llcnjamin A., 333. Wright, Carroll D., 332- Yacht race, Mayflower and Galatea, 333 NOTE. It «:ems .0 \rc the universal conclusion of all who have had any thing to do wjth ,d. '1:;. .hat there never yet ap.>eared a ^^^ f:::^;^^^ -^^^^ Any one acc.uainted with the typographical art ^"^^ '^^; ' ^.^ ^, ^^,,,„ Mather inrplrccLcd. i. ^ «», do.b,cd. .in ^ rc6»