Class Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT HISTORY OF THE LOWER KENNEBEC 16 2-1889 -BY- / Parker McCobb Reed, AUTHOR OF "HISTORY OF THR RRNCH AND BAR OF WISCONSIN. TRESIDENT vSAGADAHOC HISTORICAI, SOCIETY. MEMBER MAINE STATE iWS^^eftiC^L SOCIETY. BATH, MAINE. 1889. Copyrighted 1889 BY PARKER M. REED. Sentinel and Times Print, Bath, Maine. PREFACE, / 0% It ma}- in truth be said that there is no region in North America richer in ancient historic events than the valley of the Kennebec River. This is especially' true of the lower por- tion, from Merry meeting Bay to the ocean, which was called Sagadahoc two hundred and fifty years ago. The occupancy of thi'=' river ante-dates Plymouth thirteen years and the old Bay State Colony twenty-one years. The Kennebec was explored and its resources were extolled b}' vo^-agers from England and France as early as 1602, and these nations were rivals for supremacy here for many years. The wonderful descriptions given b}^ the historian of Wa}'- mouth's voyage in 1605, fired the English heart from prince to yeoman to possess this "goodly and benefyciall of all rivers," in consequence of which the English succeeded in holding almost continuous possession from that time onward. The first sermon preached on the main land in New Eng- land, was at the mouth of the Kennebec. The first vessel ever built in this country was launched into these Avaters ; it marked the beginning of that special industry which has made the Kennebec famous throughout the world. From the commence- ment of the Indian wars in 1675 until permanent peace after 1759 the settlers on the Kennebec endured more hardships, cruelty 4 PREFACE. and devastations from the savaj^e foe, than were experienced in ahnost any other part of the conntr}-. In the territor}- comprising Maine, the first hostile blow was struck at Sagadahoc, and here also the tribes were the last to relent. These events give an interesting and |>eculiar charm to the history of the Lower Kennebec. Our sources of informa- tion regarding them are parti}' tradition, and partly fragmentary writing more or less inaccurate. But to gather up these events, to sift fact from fancy, to correct dates as far as possible and to place in permanent form that which is worthy of being lianded down to posterity, has been the aim of the historical researches embodied in this work. Infallibility is not cl-iimed ; no historian ever attains that desired end, but careful investigation and personal effort have been given to the preparation of this story of the Lower Kennebec. With the intention of eventually making an entire volume, the plan of a series has been adopted as the most desirable method of publication. Each number issued will contain the history of a certain era, complete in itself, even if detached from the series. The number of parts ma}- not exceed six. Parkeh McCobb Eeed. Bath, October 1, 1889. I. THE KENNEBEC. Since its discovery by the Eiiglisli this river has been termed the "noble Kennebec." No such flattering appellation has been given to any other stream in New England, thougli many of them can boast of fine proportions and are made attractive by picturesque scenery. The vast volume of water comprising this river may be seen in the fact that a United States Govern- ment survey found one thousand streams and three hundred lakes and ponds contributing to it, whose outlet to the ocean is through the Sagadahoc' From the outlet of Merrymeeting Buy, two miles above Bath, to the mouth of the river, a distance of fourteen miles, the water is deep, with an ample channel for the ebb and flow of the ocean tides which reach back to the Upper Kennebec. Numerous islands dot its surface, while headlands, bluffs, and grassy meadows alternate in its course. Leaving Merrymeet- ing Bay^ where the Androscoggin, Cathance and Eastern rivers mingle with the Kennebec, the Sagadahoc rushes through a nar- row channel called the Chops, hemmed in by high, rocky abutments, into that broad, straight section of the river called Long Eeach, extending a distance of three miles, making a perfect harbor for vessels of the largest size. About two miles below Bath, the City of Ships, the river makes an ^ "Going out of waters into the sea." -Meeting- of the tribes in Conncil and revclrj-. Indian name Qnabacook. 6 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. abrupt turn tlironoh I'Fidcllers reach," wliere in ancient times a violinist fell overboard from a passing vessel, and Avas drowned, the incident giving the spot its name. Making another short turn, the river narrows, then widens again from Bluff Head into Jones' Eddy, immediately below which was the first permanent settlement on the Lower Kenne- bec. Passing the pleasant village of Phipsburg, the river sweeps to the left and seaward, broadening at Parkers Flats, which is a well known anchorage ground for vessels of all sizes. On the right is -'Coxs Head, which was surmounted by a fort during the war of 1812, and from which there is a magnificent view of land and water. From Fort Popham, a mile below at the mouth of the river, a hard, smooth beach stretches a dis- tance of six miles to Cape Small Point. At the left, looking sea- ward, lies a group of islands enclosing two small bays, while in the distance is the island of Seguin, resembling a rocky sen- tinel jealously guarding this most interesting river, with Pond Island nearer the mouth. Constantly narrowing and widening, its blufts and headlands crowned with a primeval forest, this river was a surprise and delight to the exploring expedition of Waymouth in 1805, whose ship first attempted a passage to Long Reach. The historian''^ of the voyage writes, "any man may conceive with what admir- ation we all consented in joy to enter this river. Many of our Company who had been travelers in sundry countries and in most famous rivers affirmed them not comparable to this, the most beautiful, rich, and secure harboring river that the world 'Universally so termed. "Formerly owned bv John Cocks and desipnated in ancient documents as "Cocks' High Head." THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 7 affordetli. Sir Walter Ealeigh in his voyage to Guiana, on the discovery of the river Oronoque, which echoed fame to the ears of the world, gave reasons why it was not to be compared with this which overruleth the dangers of many shoals, and broken ground therewith that was encumbered. Others place it before that notable river in the west called the Rio Grande ; some before the rivers Loire, Seine and Bordeaux, in France, which though they be great and goodly rivers, yet it is no detraction for them to be accounted inferior to this." *"The river is deep, of a good width, and winds beautifully on towards the ocean, in an exquisitely delightful and happy vale, between verdant hills, rural scenes; its waters swarm with fish of many choice varieties, and is one of the deepest, safest and most convenient for navigation of any in America." The Eev. J. Bailey, first missionary of the Episcopal church to this river in the middle of the last century, celebrates its varied beauties and grandeur in verse : The verdant banks of Kennebec, Which numerous plants and flowers bedect, Thou great majestic stream. To swell whose silent, sullen tide, A thousand lesser rivers glide, And now my favorite theme. Oft have I seen thy waters pour, And with rough horrors foam and roar, Adown the precipice ; And with impetuous fury force Along the winding shores its course, To mingle with the seas. •■■Gorges narration. II. DISCOVERY OF THE RIVER, Muine was the pioneer in the fonndinj]; of New England. Its coast, bays, harbors and rivers with their ricli prodncts of fish, fur and lumber, attracted the attention of the earliest exploi ers. According to some authorities, the title of Maine came from the Province of Mayne in France, then the property of Qaeen Henrietta, of England, while others assert that it was given to the main land in contradistinction to the multitude of islands that fringe its coast. The Lower Kennebec is rich in historic lore ; no section of North America equals it in the record of important events. Connected with its ancient history is tliat of the early explor- ations of this coast. As remote as the year 1000 the Nor^e navigators came down from the higher latitudes and sailed along the coast of Maine. They were bold and skillful seamen, navigating without chart, log, compass or quad- rant. Investigation of records among the archives of Iceland develops the fact that Erickson, the famous Norse navigator, discovered North America, sailing to and along our shores, fully live hundred years before the discoveries of Columbus. In- deed, it is suspected that Columbus obtained from the accounts of the voyages of these ancient navigators, the clow to his own discoveries. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 9 The Norsemen ma}^ have hincled on the shores of the Saga- dahoc, as they engaged in fisheries on our coasts. An ancient historian says, "They erected temporary huts at various points in which they dwelt while catching and curing the splendid iish then to be found on this every way .wonderful coast." "They called them Booths, hence Booth Bay, the Bay of Booths." Notwithstanding the pronjinent position now held b}' Eng- land among the nations of the world, at the time North America was colonized by Europeans, France and Spain overshadowed her. Holland was also a greater commercial power, Laving two thousand ships, which monopolized the carrying trade, whereas England at that time had about two hundred onl}-. When it became evident that the possession of the wide-spread territory of North America Mould become of value to any nation, there was great rivalry among European monarchs to secure it. Henry VII, of England sent over the two explorers John and Sebastian Cabot ; the former claimed to have discovered and perhaps landed on the main land of North America in 1497, and the king paid him ten pounds for discovering a continent. *By a mere accident, America barely escaped becoming Span- ish territor}-. The ships bearing Columbus and his companions were heading northward, when a flock of birds flew by them, go- ing in a southerly direction. Beheving that by following the course taken by these birds they would make land, they headed the ships according^, which brought them to discover an is- land farther south on which they landed and took possession in the name of the crown of Spain. Had the landing been farther iDike. 10 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. north and on the main, the new world would in all proba- bility have become Spanish territory. For nearly a century, the discoveries on this continent re- mained unutilized. With the Elizabethan age, productive of important events, came the enterprise in 1584 of Sir Walter Ealeigh in his attempt to colonize Southern Virginia. Al- though an unsuccessful adventure, it proved the forerunner of other and more successful undertakings. Before the year 1600, France planted a colony on the St. Law- rence and subseqnently,by assumed right of priority of possession claimed the territory extending from the Hudson to Newfound- land. England followed, asserting right to the same territory and niade her claim good by occupying Sagadahoc. While it was believed that this country was supremely rich in material resources, the aim to plant its peculiar religious tenets in this virgin country, actuated each nation. Hitherto, the Vatican held sway over the thrones and peoples of Europe, but at this time England had thrown off the Papal yoke. She success- fully displaced France and finally established her jurisdiction ; New France became North Virginia and Protestant soil. Thus within the domain of the "Ancient Dominions", in- cluding in its scope the territory of the Lower Kennebec, Avas planted the germ of English supremacy, raising that nation from a third-rate power to one of the first rank, and laying' the foundation of her future greatness. The first attempt of English people to make a permanent settlement under a charter north of the Potomac was within these borders. With hor later colony of Plymouth, the old Bay State has THE LOWER KENNEBEC. H asserted the prestige of this glorious consummation. The eloquence of a Webster and an Everett, and the sentimental lays of a Hemans, have thrown a charm around the primitive dwellings of these rude pioneers, that is largely imagination. Impartial historians of this later day have aroused a wide spread interest in all that pertains to the early settlements of New England, of which none can take precedence of those on the Kennebec ; the earliest ships floated on its waters and the earliest settlers located upon its shores. III. ANCIENT SAGADAHOC. E.irly in the seventeenth century, Eno;Uind made her first attempt at permanent settlement on the Sagadahoc. Gosnold was sent over in the barque Concord in 1602. He entered the mouth of the Kennebec, the lower section of which was then called Sagadahoc. He made surveys and de- sired also to make a settlement, for which purpose he had brought with him "twenty men to remain as population," but they uttt^-ly refused to comply with his demands, so he returned home without accomplishing the principal object of his voyage. During the next year, 1603, Martin Pring came over in com- mand of a ship of 50 tons and was accompanied b}' another of 26 tons. These vessels brought clothing, hardware and trinkets to exchange for furs and sassafras, which latter was considered at that day a medicinal plant of great value. Ac- cording to the accounts in the journal of the voyage, this nav- igator came into the Kennebec ; "did not pierce far into the land ;" made special mention of the "very goodly groves and woods and sundry sorts of beasts," but saw no inhabitants. This voyage was followed by the expedition of De Monts to this coast, under a grant to him from the French crown of all the territory from the Hudson to the St. Croix. In 1605 De Monts, with some other gentlemen of note, ac- companied Champlain on an exploring voyage to the coast of Maine, entered the Sheepscot River July 5, and came into the THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 13 "Qninibeqny" by the way of Wiscasset and the Sasanoa ; pen- etrated north as far as Merrymeeting Bay ; returned down the river and anchored at its mouth. They continued their voyage southward and returned again to the Kennebec on July 25. Here De Monts set up a cross, claiming as French territory the entire country comprising his grant. Having, liowever, made no settlement west of the St. Croix, his assumed jurisdiction came to naught. waymouth's voyage. While the French expeditions were in progress, the English people became excited. What most directly concerns us however, is the next expe- dition sent out from England. This was the famcjus voyage of 'Waymouth. Lord Arundel, together with other noblemen of England, un- dertook the enterprise of sending out an exploring expedition under the command of George Waymouth, in the ship Arch- angel, which started from Bristol at 10 o'clock on May 5, 1605, on a voyage of discovery to the coast of Maine and to find a place "fit for any man to inhabit." It was given out that the object of his mission was the dis- covery of a northwest passage to India. With him were scientific men who had been with Gosnold, one of whom was Rosier, the historian of Waj'mouth's voyage. In all there Avere twenty-eight people on the ship. Waymouth made Cape Cod May 16th, and immediately directed his course northeasterly to reach the coast of Maine. 'The using of "a" in Waymouth is according to his autograph, his descendants living in Maine. — Bancroft, Belknap, Willis, Lapham, De Costa, Dike. Ma.ss. His. Col. Vol. XVIII, Page S6. Burrage. L,etter of Queen Elizabeth on Waj^mouth's voyage. 14 THE LOW£R KENNEBEC. Oil the uapriiing of the 18th, at 8 o'clock, the "mean hi<];h huul" was found to be ''an ishmd of some six miles in compass," on the north side of which the ship was at length anchored at about a league from the shore. To this island the discoverer gave the name of St. George, but it has since taken the Indian name of Monhegan, signifying Grand Island. At 2 o'clock, the captain with twelve men, visited the island in a boat without penetrating its interior and returned with a load of dry wood picked up on the beach. They found the island '"woody, grown with fir, birch, oak and beech, as far as we saw along the shore. On the verge grew gooseberries, strawl)erries, wild peach and wild rose bushes. Tlje water issued forth down the rocky cliff in many places ; and many fowl of divers kinds breed upon the shore and rocks." Rosier says : "The next day being Whitsunday ; because we rode too open to the sea and winds, we weighted anchor about 12 o'clock, and came along to the other island more adjoining to the main, about three leagues from the first island where we had anchored. Here we found a convenient harbor, in a most safe berth, defended from all winds, in an excellent depth of water for ships of any burthen." This they named Pentecost Harbor, in remembrance of the providence that had brought them in safety "unto so secure a harbor," and of the coincidence of their having anchored there on Pentecost Day. Here Waymouth set up a cross. "We in the ship espied three canoes coming towards us, which went to the island adjoining, where they went ashore and very quickly made a fire, about which they stood beholding our 'Rosier. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 15 ship ; to whom we made signs with our hands, and liuts, waffing unto them to come unto us, because we had not seen any of the people yet." "Their clothing is beaver skins or deer skins cast over them like a mantle, and hanging down to their knees, made fast together upon the shoulders with leather ; some of them has sleeves, most had none ; some has buskins of such leather sewed ; they have besides a piece of beaver skin between their legs, made fast about their waist." "They suffer no hair to grow on their faces, but on their head very long and very black, which those tliat have wives bind up behind with a leather string in a long, round knot. "They seemed all very civil and merry, showing tokens of much thankfulness for those things we gave them. We found them a people of exceeding good invention, quick understand- ing and ready capacity. Their canoes are made without any iron, of the bark of a birch tree, strengthened within with ribs and hoops of wood, in so good fashion, with such excellent ingenious art as they are able to bear seven or eight persons, far exceeding any in the Indies." The weight of evidence tends to place this harbor among the islands of Booth Bay. They enjoyed '"the pleasant fruitfuUiess of these islands, among the fragrant fir trees, out of whicli issued turpentine in so marvelous plenty, and so sweet, as our chiurgeon and others affirmed, they never saw so good in Eng- land ; with much gum congealed on the outside of the bark, which sraelled like frankincense." To test the fertility of the soil they planted a variety of ^Rosier. 16 THE LOWElt KENNEBEC. seeds, which, liofore they left, grow in sixteen days to the heij^ht of eight inches or move. On the hxrgest ishind "we set together a pinnace, which we brought in pieces over from E'.ighind." The pinnace or slial- \o\) is a hirge l)oat reseujblii.g a whale boat. It was the pur- pose to make an extensive exi)loration of the coast with this craft. '"The captain with thirteen men, at about ten o'clock on the thirtjeth of May, departed on the shallop or pinnace, with all our prayers for their prosperous discovery, leaving the ship in a good harbor, well moored." Having completed his explorations, the captain returned to the ship and brought the welcome news that he had "discov- ered a great river, trending alongst into the main forty miles, and b}^ the breadth, depth and strong tide, he believed it to run far up into the land." Evidence goes to show that this was the river -'Kennebec, which had been reached through the Sasanoa passage. Emi- nent historians coincide in declaring that the Kennebec agrees best with Waymouth's observation of the latitude. Preparations were now made to take the ship up this newly- discovered river. Before heading his ship for the Kennebec, Waymouth ab- ducted live Indians, an act which has often been condemned by historians, but which was highly approved in England. It marked an era ; it was the beginning of the end of the native inhabitants of North America to be superceded by Europeans. Booth Bay and its islands were favorite hunting and fishing grounds of the red men. At the time of AVaymouth's voyage, ■Rosier. -"The river now known as the Kennebec." — De Co.sta. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. ^'^ the natives had possibly never seen a European, and the ex- plorers had been some time in Pentecost Harbor before they encountered the dwellers on the soil. On one island they had found the smouldering embers of a recent fire and near by the "shells of very great eggs, bicger than goose eggs," together with bones of fishes and beasts, but although they searched the island diligently they failed to find the makers of the feast, who evidently were dis- pleased and terrified at the presence of the white men and of a ".n-eat canoe with pinions" as they designated the Archangel, "one evening, the restless movements of the dogs on ship- board directed the attention of the ship's crew to three canoes liahtly approaching the island nearest the ship, and soon the bright flame of fire that had been kindled on the shore, revealed the" forms of several savages. Waymouth's men looked with keen curiosity at this picturesque group and waving their hands and hats to attract the attention of the Indians, they beckoned to them to come nearer. After some hesitation one canoe with three men, put oft' for the ship. When quite near, one of them spake in his language very lou 1 and very bokl, apparently, asking, "Why she was here ?" and pointing his oar toward the open sea niotioned "that she should be gone." Then from the ship gay trinkets were held up. The canoe came "close aboard" and with evident delight the savages re- ceived bracelets, rings, and peacock feathers, (with which they adorned their hair,) and tobacco pipes, and gaily returned to their companions on shore. The next day, when the natives again came to the ship, they were made to understand that the 18 THE LOWEK KENNEBEC. chief object of the visit of the ship to their shores was the exchange of kuives and other goods, for skins and furs. They then became friendly. INTERCOURSE BETWEEN THE ENGLISHMEN AND THE NATIVES. The confidence of the savages being thus easily gained, they freely came aboard the Archangel, and were eager to examine the mysteries of the ship. They promenaded the smooth deck, they lifted the big ropes, they peered in at the cabin windows, and wondered at the kettles and armour they saw there. At the report of firearms they fell flat upon their faces, exhibiting the greatest terror. The}' ate freely the food offered them but would touch nothing raw. The shining pewter plates they very much admired. Sometimes they spent the night on board, but would always sleep in an old sail on the orlop. They dined with the captain and nothing they found to eat pleased them quite so well as the cooked peas. They brought rich otter and sable skins and bestowed them upon the ship's company in exchange for more trifles. ^"Our captaine showed them a strange thing which they won- dered at. His sword and mine having been touched with the Loadstone, tooke up a knife and held it fast when they plucked it away, made the knife turn, being laid on a bloeke, and touch- ing it with his sword, made that take up a needle, whereat they much marvelled. This we did to cause them to imagine some great power in us, and for that to love and feare us." Wlien the captain and his crew visited the natives on shore, deer skins were spread by the fire for them to sit upon, and to iRosier. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 19 their guests they offered tobacco, and pipes that were cun- ningly made of lobster claws. The home of these savages was picturesque Pemaquid by the sea, which was destined to be- come a point of historical importance. Early one Monday morning, several canoes came about the ship and with urgent signs the occupants desired captain Way- mouth to go with them "to the main" as they had "much furs and tobacco for trade." Captain Way mouth manned the light- horse-man with fifteen rowers and set out for the shore. The speed of the guiding canoe was marvelous. It would shoot ahead and then coming back would circle round the row boat, the white men all the time rowing as fast as they could. They glided over the waves like a wind driven ship, and if a cross wave turned their canoe upside down, by swimming they righted her and scrambled aboard again. In the canoe, one of the natives seemed intently numbering the ship's company, with his long bare arm pointing to one and then to another. After repeating this several times, they sped away to the shore, where the camp fires could be plainly seen. Disliking this manoeuvre, the captain decided not to laud un- less the savages left one of their most respected men as a pawn. This they utterly refused to do but pointed instead to a half frightened young savage in the stern. Waj'mouth finally permitted one of his men to go in the canoe, while he himself remained in his boat near the shore. Returning, the man reported two hundred and eighty-three natives armed with bows and arrows and accompanied by tame wolves, awaiting them to land. He saw no furs "and thev seemed to want us to 20 THE LOWEK KENNEBEC. go further up a little nook of a river." Assured of treachery on the part of the natives the boat returned to the ship. Cap- tain Waymouth now determined to leave Pentecost Harbor, and sail up the river "further into the main." "We set up a crosse on the shore side of the rocks." As the captain sat upon the deck of the Archangel, he told his companions what a fine thing it would be to capture some of these comely natives and carry them to England. "For," said he "they would awaken interest in this wild country and Eng- land be the first to establish colonies on it. It may be a pity to cloud our voyage by such an act of treacher}', but we will treat them kindly and in time return them to their native home. And I feel it more and more a duty to secure at least a few good specimens of these savages. For have they not sent us from England at great expense, and what better than these people to serve as vouchers of our having discovered land ? I cannot take the climate, nor the trees, nor the land, but the natives I must have. Taking them by force will seem cruel, but for the sake of future expeditions the act would be excusable." As if to settle the question, the familiar dip of the paddle was heard as two canoes, containing three savages each, ap- proached. Two of the natives gaily boarded the ship and passed below, but the others would not leave their canoes and with unusual caution resisted all inducements offered. Finally, a can of peas was handed down and they hastened to an adja- cent island to eat them. After their repast one of the savages, young, comely and brisk, returned to the ship with the can, and joined his comrades below, thus becoming a victim of his own honesty. Those on shore not seeming inclined to again THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 21 come near, a ship's boat with eight men was despatched to the shore as if for traffic. One of the savages withdrew to the wood, but the other two advanced to meet the party and de- lightedly received another can of peas. Innocently they walked up the cliff to where their fires were and sat down together before the bright blaze. When the poor natives were about to enjoy their favorite dish of peas, they were suddenly seized by their white visitors and dragged down the cliff, the sailors grasping them by the long hair on the top of the head, this knot giving them a good hold. The savages struggled with all their might ; it took all of the eight sailors to get them into the boat. When they reached the ship the sailors were again obliged to hoist them on board by the knot of the hair, thus literally by the "hair of the head" were they immured on ship board. They were treated with great kindness by their captors and their shyness gradually wore away, when they found no bodily harm was intended. Their names were Nahanada, Dehamida, Assecomet, Tesquantum and Skidwarres. Nahanada was a chieftain. He was tall, athletic, and hand- some. His costume indicated his royalty, being a mantle of rich fur ; on his head he wore a coronet of stiff' hair, colored red, jewels in his ears, and bracelets of little white round bone on his arms. This deed was committed almost in sight of their sovereign's capitol. EXPLORATION OF THE KENNEBEC RIVER. The Archangel, having now on board these five savages and two canoes'with all their bows and arrows, spread her canvas 2'2 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. and sailed for the Kennebec bj tbe outward passage. The his- torian of the voyage speaks of "Wajmouth's search of sixty miles up this most excellent and benifyciall river of Sagadahoc which he found capable of shippage for trafique of the greatest burden, a benefitt indeed, always to be accompted the rishest treasure to any land." Waymouth ran his ship as far up as Long Reach. Here he came to anchor and immediately proceeded to make explora- tions. "Wednesday, the twelfth of June, our captaine manned his light-horse-man with seventeen men, and ran up from the ship riding in the river, to the codde thereof, where we landed, leav- ing six to keep the light-horse-man till our return. Ten of us with our shot, and some armed, with a boy to carry powder and match, marched up into the country." The ancient muskets had to be touched off with a match. The word codde denotes a small creek like opening of inland water with a narrow entrance, where it is connected with the larger body. A little bay or creek of this kind about twelve rods wide is known to have existed, and indeed in part remains in the place now occupied by the city of Bath, having its nar- row channel opening near the "town landing." It has been sufficiently deep, within the memory of persons now living, to admit a vessel much larger than the pinnance of Waymouth is supposed to have been. Of this codde the narrator says : "It ran back in a south- westerly direction for fifty or sixty rods and then abruptly turned to the north, whore it receives into its tide a small 'Rosier. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 23 stream of fresh water from the two abrupt bordering ridges, between which it flowed, and from two Httle ponds at its head." These ponds have in tlie long course of time filled up and become marshes, "We passed up about four miles in the maine, and passed over three hills ; and because the weather whs parching hot, and our men in their armour not able to travel farre and return that night to the ship, we resolved not to passe any further, being all weary of so tedious and labourson a travill." "In this march we passed over very good ground, pleasant and fertile, fit for pasture, for the space of some three miles, having but little wood, and that oke like stands left in our pas- tures in England, good and great, fit timber for any use." "Some small birch, hazel and brake, which might in small time with few men be cleared and made good arable land ; but as it now is will feed cattell of all kinds with fodder enough for summer and winter. The soil is blacke, bearing sundry herbs, grasse and strawberries bigger than ours in England. In many places are lowe Thicks like our copisses of small wood." "And surely it did resemble a stately Parke, wherein appear some old trees of huge withered tops, and other flourishing with living green boughs. Upon the hills grow notable high timber trees, masts for ships of 400 tons ; and at the bottome of every hill a little run of fresh water ; but, the farthest and last we passed ranne with a great stream able to drive a mill." This latter may have been the '"Whizgigg" stream on which have been mills of later years. "To take possession of this land and goodly river for his 'Gigg is a stream emptying into a river. 24 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. Majestie, Captain Waymouth thought fit to make up to the head of the river, which he did well sixty miles in his barge, and as the stream tended westward into the mayne, and at tha^ height yt began to narrow, so he there set up a crosss with his Madjestie's inscription thereon, observing all the ways that in uoe place, either above the islands, or up in the mayne, or all aloDgst the river, there could be disernened any one token or signe, that any christian had been there before ; and after this search. Captain Waymouth being well satisfied with knowledge of so commmodious a seat, set sail for England." While Waymouth was at anchor in the Kennebec, a canoe came up through the Sasanoa, sent by the tribe to which the captive Indians belonged. It contained a body of savages gor- geous in all the glory of new paint and fine mantles, with the white feathered skin of some fowl round about their heads. They approached with dignity and earnestly entreated that their people be released. They begged that at least one of the ship's company be left them as a "pawn" for the safety of their brethren. Sitting in their canoes and reproachfully pleading for their brethren, they made a picture that the company on board the Archangel cannot forget. But Captain Waymouth did not heed their entreaties. DOWN THE KENNEBEC. Before the gray dawn of the next morning had broken over the eastern headlands, the Archangel once more weighed an- chor and made for the open sea. Strachey. "Discovered a great river in these parts supposed to be Kenne- becke."— Hubbard in His. N. IC. "This seems to be Sagadahoc."— Thos. Prince in His. X. E. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 25 ^"Friday, June 15, at 4 o'clock in the morning, with the tide, our two boats, and a little help of the wind, we rowed down to the head of the river and there came to anchor about 11 o'clock. The remainder of the day the captain made survey of the mouth of the river, taking soundings and observing the ledges and islands, in accordance with his instructions." "The next day being AVhitsuuday, we wayed anker, and with a briese from the land, we sailed up to our watering place', and there stopped, went on shore and filled all our empty caske with Avater. Our Captaine upon the Rocke in the middest of the harbour, observed the height, lattitude and variation ex- actly upon his instruments." "Sunday, the sixteenth of June, the Avind being faire, and because we had set out of England upon a Sunday, made the Hands upon a Sunday, and as we doubt not happily fell into our harbour upon a Sundey, we weighed anker and quit the land upon a Sunda}-." Having had an uneventful passage on "Thursday the eigh- teenth day of July, about foure a clocke afternoon, we came into Dartmouth ; which haven we made our last and first har- bour in England." THE CAPTIVES IN ENGLAND. The arrival of Waymouth with his captives created a sensa- tion in England. Sir Ferdiuando Gorges, a favorite of the King, took three of the Indians to his luxurious home, while Lord John Popham, Chief Justice of England, became the guardian of Nahanada and Skidwarres. The Indians acquired the Eug- iRosier. 2Pentecost Harbor. 20 THE LOWEIl KENNEBEC. lisli l:vnguap;e and were thus enabled to describe in detail the resources of their country, confirming all that Waymouth had seen and heard. The information they imparted of the valuable advantages of this section of the country, led the way to its settlements, made Jamestown, Sagadahoc, Plymouth and Massachusett ; Bay possible ; brought to this land civilization, Christianity and the principles of free government. Nabanada was always the faithful friend of the English and his kindly deeds bear testimony to his good and noble character. ' "The}' were all of one nation, but of several parts and sev- eral families. This accident must be acknowledged the means under God of putting on foot and giving life to all our planta- tions, as by the ensuing discourse will manifestly appear. "After I had those people sometime in my custody, I ob- served in them an inclination to follow the example of the bet- ter sort, and in all their carriages manifest shows of great civil- ity, far from the rudeness of our common people. And the longer I conversed with them, the better hope they gave me of those parts where they did inhabit, as proper for our uses ; especially when I found Avhat goodly rivers, stately islands and safe harbors those parts abounded with, being the special marks I levelled at, as the only want our nation met with in all their navigations along the coast. And, having kept them, I made them able to set me down what great rivers ran up into the land, what men of note were seated on them, what power they were of, how allied, what enemies they had and the like." 'Gorges. THE LOWER KENNEBEC, 27 OTHER EXPLORERS SENT OUT. Gorges and Popham resolved to ascertain more of the new world. ^ They despatched in August in 1606, a ship of fifty- five tons, Capt. Henry Chalons, for further exploration of this coast, but it was captured by hostile Spaniards. On board Chalons' ship were thirty-one men and Manida and Assecoraet of Waymouth's captives. Not disheartened by this miscar- riage, "it pleased the Lord Chief Justice to dispatch Captain Martin Priug, from Bristol, on a like voyage which extended to the Kennebec river, and on his return he made a favorable report." Captain Thomas Hanham was sent on a similar voj^age ■-"with auxiliaries and fresh supplies to join Chalons in begin- ning a colony within the Patent. He entered the mouth of the Kennebec and not finding Chalons, did nothing, but returned to England with e)icouraging accounts of the country, which invigorated the spirit of colonizing adventure." FORMATION OF A COLONIZING COMPANY. Encouraged by the promising accounts of these men, Gorges obtained a grant April 10, 1606, from King James I, of territory comprising Virginia and all north of it to the river St. Lawrence and interested Lord Chief Justice John Popham, in his scheme. ''In the interim his Lordship failed not to interest m;iny of the lords and others to be petitioners to his majesty for his royal authority, for setting two Plantations upon the coast of America, by the names of the First and Second Colon}^ ; the First to be undertaken by certain noblemen, knights, gentlemen 'Williamson. -Prince. 28 THE LONYEll KENNEBEC. and merchants in and about the city of London ; the Second by certain knights, gentlemen and merchants in the Western parts. "This being obtained, theirs of London made a very hopeful entrance into their design, sending away December 20, 1606, under the command of Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Summers and many other gentlemen of quality, a very great and hopeful Plantation to re-possess the southern parts of Virginia. THE POPHAM EXPEDITION. "By the same authority all things fully agreed upon between both the colonies, the Lord Chief Justice, his friends and asso- ciates of the West country, sent from Plymouth Captain Pop- ham, as President for that employment, with Captain Rawley Gilbert and divers other gentlemen of note, in three sail of ships,' with one hundred land men for the seizing such a place as they were directed unto by the Council of that colony ; who departes from the coast of England the one-and-thirtieth day of May, anno 1607 and arrived at their rendezvous, the 8th of August, following." George Popham, chief in command of this expedition, em- barked in the Gift" a "fly-boat" of forty tons, and Raleigh Gil- bert in the Mary and John, a ship of sixty tons. Until within a few years the story of the voyage of the Pop- ham ships was traditional. Eventually there was found in English archives a journal of the voyage written soon after it was made, by William Strachey. He gives the information that according to orders, the ships sailed from Plymouth in June 'Gorges erred in the number of ships; he probably included the pj'nnace. ^Gorges. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 29 direct for the ancient Sagadahock river, taking what was then termed the westward course, following the track of Waymouth. With an uneventful passage, the Marj and John first made land near the island of Monhegan where they came to anchor on July 31. Here she was joined later by the Gift. From thence they followed Waymouth's course towards the main and made a harbor in the neighborhood of Pemaquid. "We found a cross set up, that which we supposed was set up by George Wayman." On board the Mary and John was Skidwarres, one of the savages who had been carried away by Waymouth two years before. When the poor fellow found himself once more so near his home, he became much excited and wished to go at once to his native place near by on the mainland. Near midnight Gil- bert manned his boat and guided by the eager savage, ere dawn they were at Pemaquid. They landed in the early light of the morning and approached a village of the natives. There was a sudden cry of alarm and the warriors ran with hastily snatched weapons to drive the white men back. At the head of his braves was the chief of the village, Nahanada, who was also one of those carried away by Waymouth, but returned the year before by Hanham. As soon as Nahanada and Skidwarres perceived each other, they ran together and embraced. Then the brethren and family of the restored savage came forward and joined in the hearty greetings. Two hours soon passed, when Gilbert's party returned to the vessel, taking Skidwarres with them. "The next day was Sunda}', and the chief of both the shipps iFolsom in Me. His. Coll. Vol. II, page 27. De Co.sta, Davies, Griffitt, Pur- chas. — 'Gifte" vStrachcy, Burrage. 30 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. with the greater part of all the company, lacded on the island where the cross stood, which they called St. George's Island, and heard a sermon delivered unto them by Mr. Seymour, their preacher, and returned aboard again." Here was preached the first sermon in New England. On Monday, captains Pophara and Gilbert with fifty men each, in two boats, went again to Pemaquid. Skidwarres was with them but Nahanada and his braves appeared distrustful. The sight of so many armed men made them fear that the treachery of Waymouth was to be repeated. Suddenly the savages withdrew into the wood and Skidwarres with them, where from behind the trees, they menaced the white men with their arrows. It was the desire of the English to avoid bloodshed, so they retired to the boats and rowed across to the other side of the harbor, where they spent the night, and next evening returned to their shipps where they still made under St. Georges Island." On the 12th "they weighed anchor and sett saile to goe for the river Sagadahoc." The next day, the 13th, they were off Seguin, "but they did not take it to be "Sutquin." "Soe the weather being very fair, they sought the islands further to the westward" and became becalmed. About midnight there arose a mighty storm upon them and they were in peril "b}' reason they were so near the shores and could not gett off, the wynrl all the while south, and yt blew very stiffe, so as they Avere compelled to turn yt to and agayne. "Soe" soon as the d;iy g;ive light" on the 14th, they found themselves "hard abourd'^tho lee shore" and sought a place to "thrust in the shipp to save their lives." Their boat appears to have^been in tow as "vt lave suncke at the stern two bowers or more" THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 31 yet would not cut her oif, Ijving in hopes to save her ; so bear- ing up helm they stood in sight with the slioare, when anon they perceived two little islands, to which they ina.le, and there they found— God be thanked— good anchoring, where they road until the storm broak, which was the next daie after. There they freed the boat, and had her ashore to repair her, being much torne and spoiled." "These islands are two leagues to the westward of Sachade- hoc. Upon one of them they went on shoare and found four salvages and one woman. The islands are rockye and full of pine trees." On tlie 15th—" The storm ended and the wind came faire for them to goe for Sachadehoc, the river whether they were bound to and enjoyned to make their plantation in ; soe they weyed anchor and sett sayle, and came to the eastward and found the island of Sutguin, and anchored under yt, for the wind was of the shoare, by which they could not get into Sachadehoc ; yet Captain Popham with the fly boat gott in." On the 16th — " In the morning Captain Popham sent his shallop to help in Mary and John, which weyed anchor, and being calm, was soone towed in and anchored by the Gift's side." On the 17th — "Captain Popham in his pynnace with thirty persons, and Cajitain Gilbert in his long boat with eighteen persons more, went early in the mornings from their shipp in the river Sachadehoc, to view the river and to search where they might find a fitt place for their plantation. They sa.yled up into the river neere fourteen leagues, and found yt to be a verj- gallant river, very deepe, and seldome lesse water than three fathoms when they found rest ; whereupon they proceeded no 32 THE LO^YER KENNEBEC. farther, but iu their return homwards they observed many goodly islands therein, and many branches of other small rivers falling into yt." On the 18th — " They all went ashore, and there made a choice of a place for their plantation at the mouth or entry of the ryver on the west side, for the river bendeth yt self towards the nor-east and by east, being almost an island of a good bigness, being in a province called by the Indians Sabino, so called of a sagamo or chief commander under the grand Bassaba. As they came ashoare three canoes full of Indians came to them, but would not come neere, but rowed away up the river." The 19th — "They all went ashore where they had made choise of their plantation and where they had a sermon delivered unto them by their preacher ; and after the sermon the president's commission was read, with the laws to be observed and kept. Captain George Popham was nominated president ; Captain Kawley Gilbert for Admiral ; Captain Edward Harlow, Master of the Ordinance ; Captain Robert Davies, Sergeant Major ; Cap- tain Ellis Best, Marshall ; Master Seaman, Secretary ; Captain James Davies to be Captain of the Fort ; Master Gome Carew, Chief Searcher; Eev. Richard Seymour, Chaplain. These were sworn in as members of the Council, who, with some hun- dred more, were to stay in the country. And soe they turned back again to the ships." Weight of authority locates the site of this famous spot near where is now Fort Popham, and if this be true the wise foresight of the men who choose this spot for their settlement, is plainly apparent. On three sides it was easily accessible bv water and at the same time barriers of defence leaving THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 33 the inland side only to be prepared for protection, which ancient accounts state was done by "a mere stockade to repel Indian aggression mounted by semi-culverines of nine pounds, sakers of six pounds, twelve in all." WORK ON THE SETTLEMENT. On the 20th — ^"All went to shoare again, and there began to entrench and make a fort, and to build a storehouse, soe con- tinued to the 27th." ' "Our president. Captain Popham, set the first spit of ground unto it, and after him all the rest followed, and labored hard in the trenches about it." Friday the 21st — "All hands labored about the fort, some in the trench, some for faggots, and our ship carpenters about the building of a small pinnace or shallop." Saturday, the 22d of August — "Captain Popham early in the morning, departed in his shallop to go for tlie river Paships- koke." "Sunday the 23d, our president. Captain Popham, returned unto us from the river of Pashipscoke," (Sheepscot.) "On the 28th — "Whilst most of the hands labored hard about the fort, and the carpenters about the buylding of a small pin- nace, the president overseeing and applying every one to his work. Captain Gilbert departed in the shallop upon a discov- ery to the westward." He sailed among the islands of Casco Bay and on the second night "arrived at the fort again." "And from the first to the fourth of September nothing was 'Davies. 2strachey. In using quotations from ancient writers their unique style of spelling is retained in this volume. 34 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. done but only for the furtherance buylcling of the fort and storehouse to receive ashore their victuals." VISIT OF THE NATIVES. "About noone on the 5th there came into the entrance of the river of Sachadehoc and unto the fort, as our people were at their works, nine canoes with forty salvadges in them, men, women and children, and amongst them was Nahanada and Skidwarres. They came up into the fort, and the president gave them meat and drink and used them exceeding kindly. Two or three howers they remajaied there and they parted, Skidwarres and others 'staying still'; "at night Captain Gilbert, James Davies and Ellis Best, went over the farthest side of the river where all the rest had withdrawn themselves and there remayned with them all the night ; and early in the morning, the salvages departed in their canoes for the river of Pemaquid." gilbert's EXPLORATIONS. "Captain Gilbert, with twenty-two others departed on the 8th in the shallop for the river of Penobscot, taking with him divers sorts of merchandise to trade with the Bashaba." He failed to find that river and returned to the fort after an ab- sence of two days." "Captain Gilbert with nineteen others, departed in his shal- lop on the 23d, to goe for the head of the river Sachadehoc. They sayled all this day, and on the 24th the like, untill six of the clock in the afternoon, when they landed on the river's side where they found a champion land and very fertile, where they remayned all that night." "In the morning of the 25th, they departed from thence and THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 35 sayled up the river and came to a flatt, low land, where is a great cataract or downfall of water, which runneth by both sides of this island, very shold and swift. In this island they found great store of grapes, both redd and white ; good hopps, as also chiballs and garlike ; they haled their boat with a strong rope through this downfall perforce, and went near a league further up, and here they lay all night ; and in the first of the night there called certain salvages on the further side of the river unto them in broken English ; they answered them againe and parled long with them, when towards morning they departed." "In the morning of the 26th, "there came a canoe unto them, and in her a Sagamo and four salvages, some of those which spoke to them the night before. The Sagamo called his name Sebanoa, and told us how he was lord of the river Sachadahoc. They entertayned him friendly and took him into their boat and presented with some trifling things, which he accepted." During the same day there was much intercourse between Captain Gilbert and the natives partly friendly and partly in trade and more or less suspicion on both sides, ending in some demonstrations of hostility on the part of the Indians. "Captain Gilbert finally made show as if he were still friends and entertained them kindly, and soe left them." "On the 27th, they sett up a crosse and returned homeward, in the way seeking by the river of some note called Sasanoa" and on the 29th arrived at the fort. SECOND VISIT or THE NATIVES. All were busy about the fort to the 3d of October, when on 36 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. the 4th, "There came two canoes to the fort, in which were Nahanada and liis wife and Skidwarres, and the Bashaba's brother, and one other called Anienquin, a Sagamo ; all whom the president feasted and entertained with all kindness, both that day and the next, which being Sundaye, the president carried them with him to the place of public prayers, which they were at both morning and evening, attending yt with great reverence and silence." "On the 6tli, the salvadges departed all except Amenqnin, the Sagamo, who would needs staye amongst our people a longer tyme. Upon the departure of the others the president gave unto every one of them copper beads or knives, which con- tented them not a little, as also delivered a present to the Bashaba's brother, and another for his wife, giving him to un- derstand that he would come unto his court on the river Pen- obscot and see him very shortly, bringing many such like of his countr3^'s commodityes with him." "These were stranger Indians, able men, very tall and strong and such as the like before had not been seen." THE MARY AND JOHN DISPATCHED TO ENGLAND. ' "You maie please understand how, whilst this business was followed here, soone after their first arrival, they had despatched away Captaine Robert Davies in the Mary and John, to adver- tise of their safe arrival and foundation of their plantation within the river Sacadehoc, with letters to the Lord Chief Jus- tice, ymportuninge a supply for the most necessary wants to the subsisting of a colony, to be sent unto them betymes the next year." 1 Strachey. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 37 "After Captaine Davies' departure they fully finished the fort, trencht and fortified yt with twelve pieces of ordinance, and built fifty houses therein, besides a church and a store- house ; and the carpenters framed a pretty pynnace of about some thirty tons,' which they called the Virginia ; the chief shipwright being one Digby, of London." "Many discoveries likewise had been made, both to the niayne and unto the neighboring rivers, and the frontier nations, fully discovered by the dilligence of Captain Gilbert, had not the wynter proved soe extremely unseasonable and frosty ; for yt being in the year 1607, when the extraordinary frost was felt in most parts of Europe, yt was here likewise as vehement, bj^ which noe boat could stir upon any business." "During the latter portion of the winter the storehouse caught fire and all the general stock of provisions were burnt up together with the furs that had been bought of the natives and stored in the building, and for the remainder of the winter the colonists were obliged to subsist on fish and clams, game, and even dog meat." CHARACTER OF THE BUILDINGS. It is a matter of interest to form an idea of the character of the structures of Fort St. George ; denominating them as "rude huts" may not be in accordance with English thoroughness. Some proximate opinion of them may be gathered from the kind constructed by the cotemporaneous colony at Jamestown, which may have represented the English mode of establishing what was designed to be a permanent settlement. At Jamestown there was a triangular fort with half moon batteries covering 38 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. each corner ; two rows of houses of framed timber, some of two stories, three large storehouses, and all enclosed with strong impaling. "This description seems to correspond as to the size of the Popham buildings in that the French on visiting the place some years after its evacuation by the English, speak of finding "walls." RETURN OF THE MARY AND JOHN. '"Howbeyt, as tyme and occasyou gave leave, there was noth- ing omitted which could add unto the benefit or knowlerlge of the planters, for which when Captain Davies arrived there in the year following with a ship laden full of victuals, arms, in- struments and tools, albeyt he found Mr. George Popham, the president, and some other dead, yet he found all things in good forwardness, and many kinds of furrs obtayned from the Indians by way of trade ; good store of sarsaparilla gathered, and the new pynnace all finished."' THE COLONY BREAKS UP AND RETURNS TO E:; GLAND. "But by reason that Captain Gilbert received letters that his brother was newly dead and a large portion of land fallen unto his share, which required his repair home, and noe mynes dis- covered nor hope thereof, being the mayiie intended benefit ex- pected to uphold the charge of the plantation, and the feare that all other wynters would prove like the first, the company by no means would stay any longer in the country, especyally Captain Gilbert being to leave them, and Mr. Popham ilead ; wherefore they ymbarqued in this new arrived ship and in the pynnace, the Virginia, and sett saile for England." ' Strachev. - The first Knglish ship construc5led in North America. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 39 i"They all returned to England in 1608, and the country esteemed as a cold, barren, mountainous, rocky desert." - "The whole colony breaks up and returns with Captain Gilbert this year (1608) to England." "And this was the end of that northern colony upon the river Sagadahoc." In this account of the sailing of these vessels for England no mention is made of the "Gift." It has been asserted that the two ships returned to England for supplies late in 1607 but it is not reasonable to suppose that the colonists would be willing to remain in this distant and strange country, in an exposed and perilous situation with no water craft for reliance in a case of necessity that might occur before the Virginia could be com- pleted. There is consequently value in the tradition that ^"they carried their ship across the bay on the western side of the river and in a cove or eddy under Coxes Head, they fastened the cables to the trees, put out fenders to keep the ship from rubbing against the rocks, in which situation she lay until the month of May following, when the colonists took the ship and with the remains of George Popham proceeded to England." To bring to the colonists needed supplies for the next year the larger vessel was evidently enough. England's title to new England. In 1612 Spain claimed this territory from England but the lat- ter declared that "the possession of Florida belonged to Eng- land by the right of discovery and actual possession by the 1 Capt, John Smith 1614. 2, Rev. Thos. Priuce, pastor of the Old South Boston, 17^6, 3 M. L. Hill. ' ^^ 40 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 'two Eii^lisli colonies thither conducted, whereof the latter is yet there remaining," and by the same tenor could hold Virginia. In 1G24 France claimed the territory of New England and King James I, through Gorges, decided the title of England good, wholly on the ground of settlements on the Kennebec in and subsequent to 1G07, and the title held good. ' "The French never had any possession on the coast west of the Kennebec. As to the settlement of Gosnold on Elizabeth Island, it was not a chartered colony, but undertaken on pri- vate account. They asserted no general claim, proved no title and was not renewed." In its political action the English government always re- garded the Popham colony the initial settlement of New Eng- land. After their departure, traders and fishermen came in and prosecuted their business on the Kennebec for thirteen years prior to the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. CHAEACTER OF THE COLONISTS. Inaugurating their landing with the sacred rites of religion and their civil government in the interests of law and order, proves that the men comprising this expedition were worthy of the fame of having been the first to plant a colony on the shores of New England. And it is unjust to the eminent personages who with generous and enterprising impulses, put their money and reputation into the venture, to suppose that they would risk them in the hands of men destitute pf all the better traits of humanity. A depraved class of men would 1 Ballard. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 41 hardly care to exile themselves on so inhospitable a shore, de- prived of all the luxuries and even necessary comforts of life. Gorges in his narrative of the expedition says "tliat amonji; them were divers gentlemen of note." Father Baird, a Frenchman, who came to the mouth of the river soon after the departure of the colonists writes that "The Indians said that the English had at first a good man at their head and his people treated the Indians well." There was no reliably related instance of disorderly conduct while these colonists sojourned on the peninsula of Sabino. '"Concerning the character and the merits of the colonists of Sagadahoc there has been some warm discussion, tlK)Ugli no established facts have been produced that reflect upon their reputation. The colonists were probably no better than the average men of their class ; 3'et there is nothing to indicate that there were any among them who required di.sci[)lin!try treatment. The Lord Chief Justice has been denounced for his severe conduct of the courts of justice, and for the sins of his youth ; but impartial critics will allow that this is altogether aside from the question. So far as we actually know, the course pursued by the colonists was humane and pacific. "One of their number was killed by the Tarratines of the east, while the loss of their provisions induced the fear of a mutiny ; yet the temptation to indulge in disorder was resisted. Industry and order seem to have prevailed and due respect was shown for the services of religion, the bearing of the English worship led by Chaplain Seymour being such as to recommend 1 De Costa. ^2 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. to the simple savage a faith which he could not comprehend. When, however, it was found that the main purpose for which the colony was undertaken could not be achieved, they de- parted to employ their activities in another sphere." GORGES AND THE POPHAMS. The early settlements of Sagadahoc that led to the later permanent 'occupation of the soil by the English, were due to the unflinching persistency and devotion of Gorges and the Popham famines, who lavished immense sums of money and sent many of their own kindred to these shores. But as is fre- quently the case, they and their descendants who endeavored to gain possession of this region, never received any benefit from the rich resources of this bounteous land. Sir Ferdinando Gorges was the father of American coloniza- tion. It was his great foresight, influence and efforts that brought other far seeing men of rank and means in England to join him in the great enterprise of settling a new world, and increasing England's future greatness. He inaugurated im- migration to this great country that has proved an asylum for the poor and persecuted of all other nations of the broad world. The commendable undertakings of Gorges was ably seconded by Lord Popham with his ample means, until his untimely death in 1607. "The Popham colony was undertaken for the advancement of religion, the enlargement of the bounds of our nation, the in- crease of trade and the employment of many thousands of all sorts of people." 1 Gorges. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 43 In the Eoyal charter under which this colouy was under- taken it is stipulated : "That the said presidents, councils and tlie ministers should provide that the word and service of God be preached and used, not only in the said colonies, but also as nmcli as might be, among them, according to the rites and doctrines of the Church of England." ^ "Richard Seymour was the first preacher of the gospel in the English tongue within the borders of New England." Popham died February 5, 1608, and his last words were, "I die content, for my name will always be associated with the first planting of t'je English race in the new world. My re- mains will not be neglected away from the homes of my fathers and my kindred." And yet it is an undetermined question where the remains of this notable man repose. However sincere and earnest the proprietors of this colony may have been in endeavoring to found the principles of relig- ion and morality in this new country, the desirable end could not be reached on sentiment alone. All such enterprises neces- sitate material support. Although amply supplied at the be- ginning from the mother country, the colonists must in time become self supporting. The sandy shores on which they had landed were not adapted to agriculture, nor had the fishing in- dustry nor the fur trade become developed. They had come with expectations of other resources, which proveil disap- pointing. 1 Bishop Bangs, 44 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. Upon the arrival in England of the returned colonists they represented as a reason (^f their abandonment of the "under- taking" that the climate was too severe and the country too barren to he inhabited by any of the European race. And it must be conceded that their experience justified this conclusion. INAUGURATING SHIP BUILDING IN AMERICA. Whatever the Sagadahoc colony may have failed to accom- plish, there still remains the fact, that at least one im|)ortant result was achieved. In those rude wilds with scant a])plian- ces for work, it was no small undertaking to attempt the con- struction of a vessel. Befin-e leaving England the building oi the Virginia must have been planned, and tools and car- penters sent over. No sooner had the colonists landed than this work was commenced, and all through the cold and stormy winter the building of the craft went on, notwithstanding the loss by fire of provisions and possibly of material for its con- struction. In the spring she was completed, launched and fitted for sea, the proud result of industry, skill and persever- ence. Departing directly for England, this little "ship," cross- ing a wide ocean, must have created no small interest as she triumphantly sailed into the harbor of old Plymouth, a trophy of the enterprise of the New World. It took the Plymouth colony ten years after it was founded and that of Massachu.setts Bay three years, to place on the waters a sea-going vessel of any sort. If there were no other results of utility appertaining to the sojourn of Sagadahoc colony on the shores of America, the successful building of their vessel may be justly considered a sufficiently glorious consummation. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 45 They thus founded the maritime business on this great con- tinent, which has been a marked factor in its development and power. DISCREPANCIES IN THE ACCOUNTS OF THE POPHAM COLONY. It may not perhaps be wondered at that in the course of nearly three centuries, many discrepancies have crept into the tradi- tional and written history of the Sagadahoc Colony. There is a statement often repeated, that when the Mary and John sailed for England in December, 1607, all but 'forty-five of the men returned home. As will be seen by the letter of the President'- to the King sent by this vessel, no mention is made of this im- portant occurrence, nor did Strachey so state in his journal of the voyage and settlement of the colony. Nearly, if not quite all of the accounts of the proceedings of the colonists in preparing their settlement, record that 'fifty houses were built subsequent to the departure of Davies, which would hardly, be necessary for the occupancy of forty-five men. Cap- tains Popham and Gilbert having the responsibility of the suc- cess of the undertaking, could not permit more than half their number to depart at that early day without any adequate rea- son for so doing. The tradition which some writers of history have adopted, that the Indians captured and destroyed the Fort, should hardly be considered probable, when, at that time, the natives possessed no fire arms, while the colonists not only had a sup- ply, but had twelve pieces of cannon mounted for ready defence. The most reliable accounts by those cotemporary with this event simply state that the store house was burned. iPurchas. '-'The letter is on the last page of this Part. 46 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. There is an often told story of the "drag-rope and cannon," which is equally absurb. Ambrose Hunniwell is said to have resorted to it as a means of defence against hostile Indians at a later day. These stories have been triced by an ancient writer to "sail- or's yarns." There is no well founded evidence that the colo- nists had any serious difficulties whatever with the Indians at their residence at Fort St. George. Another account has asserted that two ships were loaded in England with supplies for the colonists at Sagadahoc, which would have been a superabundance for forty-five men, but the better evidence goes to prove that the Mary and John only brought these supplies. '"But the ship's arriving there found that old Captaine Pop- ham was dead, who was the only man, indeed, that died there that winter." Others have asserted that a number of others died. Another account sends the "Gift" on a fishing cruise with a portion of the re-embarking colonists, while still another sends this vessel with some of the colonists on a voyage to Virginia ; ^others hold that it is certain that forty-five of the departing colonists did not reach England at all, but disembarked upon Pemaquid or at some point on that section of the coast. If any or a part of these diverse disposing of the broken up colony be true, th(?re must have been but few to have reached England in the final return of the Mary and John, together with the Virginia, and probably the Gift '"Gorges Brief Relation." -' R. K. Sewall. THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 47 THE SITE OF FORT ST. GEORGE. The English colonists having abandoned Sagadahoc, it is recorded that in the autumn of 1611, the French landed at the mouth of the river. "No resident was found, the paths lead- ing to the fort being untrodden." Baird says, "that iu com- pany with Biencourt, he reached the Kennebec from the east October 28," coming through the Sasanoa passage. Entering the harbor, where in 1607 Popham had moored the "Gift" and "Mary and John," the French were greatly excited and hastened at once to view the stronghold built by the Eng- lish. "At first they praised and extolled the enterprise of the English and to enumerate the advantages of the place." Soon however, he testifies, "they saw the situation with a military eye, and discovered that the ground was badly chosen, as another fort properly placed, would have cut them off" from both the river and the sea." ^ "Such is the only known description of the place written at that period. They were evidently impressed by the magnitude of the work. It indicated enterprise and proved that the build- ers wrought with regard to something more than a transient occupation of the dwellings." ""The writer of this note has just returned from a visit to that locality. Standing upon high ground near the centre of it, he saw at once that the place "being almost an island of a good bigness" was a very accurate description. And from a very thorough examination of this peninsula, it seemed as if the pre- 1 De Costa in Maine His. Col. Vol. XVIII. -' Ballard. 48 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. cise situation of the fort bnilt by those early colonists might almost be settled." "Conspicuous to all who enter or leave the mouth of the Ken- nebec, is a two story dwelling house built by Major Shaw, standing a few rods from the sea coast and not far distant from the river just named. Near this house is a crescent shaped pond of fresh water, covering about five acres of ground. The land rises some forty feet on the north of this pond and then descends by an easy slope to the waters of Atkins Bay, giving sufficient space for the erection of a fort containing "fifty houses, besides a church and a storehouse." "A large supply of fresh water would evidently be needed for such an establishment as this. At the present day the water in the wells on the peninsula is more or less brackish, which, in all probability, has always been the case. Such a pond then, would be of great value to a fortress. This fact and the adapt- ation of the land to such a building seems to be decisive as to the locality of the fort." Much stress has been laid by some historians on the remains of an ancient fortification with covered way that had been seen by "old inhabitants." There is evidence more or less reliable, that a fort had been in existence at a remote period on Horse Ketch Point, erected probably by parties who succeeded the Popliam colony. After the departure of the French an En- glish war force located on the west side of the mouth of the river, where they fortified and held possession until the Plymouth Company established fortified trading posts on its grant on the Kennebec, one of which was at Sagadah(K\ THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 49 '"On the west side of the river is the remains of a fort made of stone and earth ; there are also eight old Avails now to be seen and the ruins of several houses. Whether these buildings were erected by the English or the French, is uncertain ; but the probability is that the former were erectors of the works." "The English settlements continued until the year 1675 up, to which time there was perfect peace between the white peo- ple and the savages." "The Plymouth Company in 1629, took possession at the mouth of the river and erected a fort on the west bank of the same, and on the margin of the sea in the year 1634. The remains of the fort and of the houses erected there, and the number of wells which were sunk for the use of the plantation remain there now." In a manuscript written in 1660 by Samuel Maverick de- scriptive of New England, it is said: "Three leagues distant from Damerelles Cove is Sagadahocke at the mouth of Kenebeth Biver on which place the Lord Popham's people settled about fiftie years since, but soon after deserted it and returned for England ; I found Rootes and Garden hearbs and some old walles there when I went first over, which shewed it to be the place where they had been. This is a great and spreading river and runes very neer into Canada. One Captaine Young and three men with him in the yeare 1636, went up the river upon discovery. On this river and on the islands lying on the mouth of it, are many families scatteringlj' settled. Some attend wholly to trade with the Indians, others planting and raising 1 Sullivan. 50 . THE LOWER KENNEBEC. a stock of cattle, and some at the mouth of the river keep fish- ing stations." GORGES DOES NOT RELINQUISH THE ENTERPRISE. The withdrawal of the Popham colony was not fatal to the settlement of the Sagadahoc nor adjacent coast, as at no great length of time was the region destitute of inhabitants or of ves- sels visiting its waters. After the return of the colony to England Gorges said ; "All my associates gave up to these discouragements and finding I could no longer be seconded by others, I became an owner of a ship myself, fit for that employment, and under color of fishing and trade, I got a master and company for her, to which I sent Vines and others my own servants, with their provision for trade and discovery, appointing them to leave the ship and ship's company for to follow their business in the usumI place, for I knew they would not be drawn to seek by any means. By these and the help of those natives formerly sent over, I came to be truly informed of so much as gave me assurance that in time I should want no undertakers, though as yet I was forced to hire men to stay there the winter quarter at extreme rates, and not without danger, for that the war between the tribes had consumed the Bashaba and the most of the great Sagamores, with such men of action as followed them and those that remained were sore afflicted with the plague, so that the country was in a manner left void of inhabitants." After the death of Sir John Popham, his son Sir Francis continued his interest in the Sagadahoc country. "He sent expeditions here several years after that of the first famous THE LOWER KENNEBEC. 51 Pophara colony, in hopes of better fortune, but found it fruitless and was necessitated at last to sit down with the loss he had already undergone." The son of Sir F. Gorges also '"sent into these waters of Sagadahoc for several years a ship to keep up communication with the country, to encourage the fisheries and to trade in fish and furs." CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH'S VOYAGE. '"Captain John Smith with a ship and a barque and forty- five men, sailed from London, March 3, 1614, to take and hold possession of the S;igadahoc, and arrived in the river the last of April." Upon his return to England in the July following he reported that -"1 was to have staid there with only sixteen men ; built seven boats on the river and explored the river and coast thor- oughly, and caught fish and bought furs ;" and "we got for trifles, 11,000 beaver, ICK) martins and ;is many otters, took and cured 40,000 dry fish and 7,000 cod fish, corned or in pickle; the amount of net gain to those interested was about =£1,500 sterl- ing" or about seven thousand and five hundred dollars. Smith snrvej'ed the coast in his seven boats from Cape Cod to the Penobscot, made a map of the same which was published in 1616, but a cop}- of it has never of latter ye;irs been found ; he was made an Admiral and had the honor of giving the title of Kew England to the country he visited. "A party of Englishmen came iroio England and settled at the Kennebec in 1619 and remained there permanently." 1 Gorges. '^ Williamson. 52 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. THE FIRST STATE PAPER WRITTEN IN AMERICA. George Pophatn to A'iiig James I. 13 Deckmber, 1607, At the feet of his Most .Serene King humbly prostrates himself George Popham, President of the Second Colony of Virginia. If it may please the patience of your divine Majesty to receive a few things from your most observant and de- voted, though unworthy servant, I trust it will derogate nothing from the lustre of your Highness, since they seem to redound to the Glorj- of God, the greatness of your Majesty, and the utility of Great Brittain. I have thought it therefore very just, that it should be made known to your Majesty, that among the Virginians and Moassons, there is none in the world more admired than King James, Sover- eign I of Challons, Biencourt, Pring and Hanham, all of whom came to the Kennebec, and Champlain is on record as infering that Waj'moUth had been into the Kennebec. If Waymouth made a thorough survey of the entrance to the St. Georges before his ship left Pentecost Harbor, and if he went up that river it is hardly possible that on his return he would have made a second survey of its mouth. Consequently, it is more than probable that it was the mouth of the Kennebec which he surveyed on leaving it. • Rosier, the historian of Waymouth's voyage, states: "I Was animated to publish this briefe Relation because some foreign nations, being fully assured of the fruitfulness of the Coutitrie, have hoped hereby to gain some knowledge of the place. This is the cause that I have written neither of the latitude or varia- tion most exactly observed by out captain." Naming other information he adds: "I have likewise purposely omitted being reserved to be made known for the benefit of those who shall goe in the next voyage." It is thus evident that if Rosier's Relation be a correct description of the St. 1 Burrage's Waymouth, 54 THE LOWER KENNEBEC. Georges and its adjacent coast, it is exactly what he intended in order to mislead navigators of other nations. With this object in view his ''directly with the mountains" in Waymouth's track, must be alike illusory. Bancroft says : "The Indian who came back with Popham seems to have been at home in the region of the Kennebec, which was probably visited by his Captors." The Popham Col- ony was the direct result of the discovery of this "great" river by Waymouth, and the Popham ships sailed directly to and landed their colony at its mouth. Strachey, who was cotemporaneous with Waymouth and wrote with Rosier's Relation before him, makes the explicit statement that the "Archangel sailed up the great and benefycial river of .Sagadahoc" and the weight of circumstantial evidence tends to show that the Eldorado of Waymouth was the Kennebec. Among other eminent historians who have expressed opinions that the great river Waymouth discovered was the Kennebec, are McKeen, Dike, Sewall, Pal- frey, De Costa, Ballard, Hubbard. CHIEF PROMOTERS OF THE SAGADAHOC COLONY. Sir Ferdinando Gorges is deserving of the title of Father of American civilization. He was born in the year 1573, '" ^'^^ county of Somerset, in England. Before he was thirty years old he had won great honor in the war with Spain, and the King, to reward his services, made him governor of the fortified town of Plymouth in the south-western part of England. A pioneer by nature, with broad and liberal views, he was the pattern of a magnificent man. It was he who conceived the idea of attempting the colonizing of North America. His influence at home was powerful in obtaining a grant from James First, that comprised the vast territory of South and North Virginia. He was equally potent in interesting Sir John Popham to place his money and his exertions in furtherance of his great and hazardous scheme of planting a colony on the Sagadahoc, and inducing some of the best men of England to join in the enterprise. The indomitable nature of the man was shown in his perseverance in further attempts after partial failure of the first adventure, when his coadjutors shrank from further effort. At a later day Gorges possessed a grant that extended from the Kennebec to the Piscataqua river and 60 miles inland. This was during the reign of James the First, and when Charles the First succeeded to the throne he abrogated all prior crown grants which included that of Gorges. But the King, with whom he was a favorite, bestowed upon hira a new charter with extraordinary privileges, making him Lord Proprietor of his province of Maine, and he designed to come THR LOWER KENNEBEC. 55 over and assume supreme control of his dominion. But before he was enabled to take his departure from England, his Royal friend needed his strong arm to wield a sword in defence of the crown. At such a call his loyalty and honor kept him to the side of his King until the royal cause went down, when he was impris- oned and his estates confiscated both in England and America. He died soon after his release from prison in 1647, at the age of 74 years. Sir John Popham gave his great influence and wealth to the under- taking of the Popham colony. He was one of the most upright and able judges that ever sat upon the English bench. He was a native of Huntwith, in the County of Somersetshire, and was educated chiefly at Baliol College, in Oxford. From hence he removed to the Temple, and was admitted barrister in 1568. He was afterwards successively sergeant-at-law, solicitor-general, previous to his ultimate promotion which took place in 1592. Sir John was a munifi* cent patron to Wellington. Here he built a large and elegant house for his own residence, which was converted into a garrison for the use of the parliamentary army, in th« time of Oliver Cromwell. It was soon after beseiged by the roy- alists, and so completely ruined during the contest, that it was never attempted to be repaired. He also erected a hospital at the west end of the town, for twelve old and infirm persons, the one-half being men. and the other women. Two children were also educated here. It was standing in 1813, and the charity applied. Sir John endowed it with an estate in land, which is now vested in the governors. In the south chapel of the church of Wellington, there is a magnificent tomb, erected in honor of Sir John Popham, Lord Chief Justice of England, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. It is surrounded by a handsome pali.sado of wood and iron. On the table of the monument are effigfies of Sir John Popham and his lady. He is dre.ssed in his judge's robe, chain and small square cap. On the west side of this canopy is the following inscription : "Sir John Popham, Lord Chief Justice of England, and privy counsel to Queen Elizabeth, and after to King James; died the tenth of June, 1607, aged seventy -six, and is here interred." COMPLETION OF THE FIRST ERA. In the preceding pages of this history is the record of the conspicuous events that mark the first occupyation of ancient Sagadahoc by the English race. This took place more than a decade in advance of the colonization of Plymouth, Massa- chusetts Bay or any other locality on the shores of New England. This primary 56 THE LOWBft KENKEBfiC, occupation is shown to have been a. basis on which was founded the right of Utig- land to the territory jf the new world by virtue of actual possession. It is likewise evident that in addition to this distinguishing feature in the earliest settlements upon the I^ower Kennebec, the proceedings of the Pophani colony upon its first landing, inaugurated principles that became fundamental in society and government in this country. The first act of these colonists was to fecognize the importance of entering upon their untried career by joining in the services of the christian religion* For their civil government they adopted the liberal principles that have lived in Ametican political institutions to the present day : something like a town meeting was held, laWs promulgated and the ap- pointment of municipal officers sanctioned. It is also a significant incident in the operations of this Colony, that, upon locating the place of its settlement, preparations for building a sea-going vessel Were immediately made and the work eventually carried on to her successful launching upon the Watets of Atkius Bay. This was an auspicious event fot the Kennebec. From this small beginning this river and the largest city upon it, became the greatest shipbuilding port in the world in the construction of wood ships, is holding that position to the pres- ent day, and now building government steel War vessels. Notwithstanding the bfief stay o/ this colony on these shores, it led the way to more permanent settlement by people iiumediately sent over by Gorges and other Englishmen, who took an interest in Ameiican colonization. In the progress of years and the better recognition of irrefutable facts, the conspicuous events connected with the early settlement of the lEPARTMENT.— Only competent men employed, making a specialty of Watch Work. PINE ENGRAVING of all kinds and without charge on goods purchased of us. All goods sold by us guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction. ADVERTISEMENTS. 59 THE GREAT — Summer Resort Line of America. - tit. CONNECTING WITH EXCEPTIONAL TRAIN SERVICE The White Mountains, Sebag"o Lake, Portland, Poland Springes, The Rang-ely Lakes, -" — -.A^isriD— — Bangor, Bar Harbor, Moosehead Lake, St. Andrews, N. B., The Maritime Provinces. THIS ROAD ALSO FORMS THE «a PICTURESQUE SHORT o I^INE m From Portland and Western Mnine to Montreal and the Canadas. Also Operating the Portland, Mt. Desert and Machias Steamboat Company, Running bi-weekly steamers between Portland, Rockland, Castine, Deer Isle, Sedgwick, South West Harbor, Bar Harbor, Millbridge, Jonesport and Machiasport. General Offices of the Company at Portland, Me. ARTHUR SEWALL, PAYSON TUCKER, President. Vice Pres. &. Gen. Man. F. E. BOOTHBY, General Passenger and Ticket Agent. ()0 ADVKIITISEMENTX. KNOX & LINCOLN R. R. HAS Fine Attractions for Tourists. Along its line, is the Ancient and Historic Towns of Woolwich, \Viscasset, J\[ewcastle, Pemaquid, East Jefferson, Waldoboro, Warren, Thomaston, I{ockland, I^ockport and Camden, With their Old Ruins, Indian Relics, Ancient Churches, and Fine Scenery, Unequaled in any part of the State. CONNECTS DAILY WITH STAGES At Wiscasset, Newcastle, Waldoboro, Warren and Thomaston; at Rockland, with Stage for South Thomaston and Owl's Head; Currier Brothers' Four Horse Freight Express every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, to and from Rockport and Camden, and Frank J. Higgins & Sons' Fine Line of Mail Coaches TO AND FROM ROCKPORT AND CAMDEN TWICE A DAY. Steamers leave Rockland for Bangor and all points on the Penobscot River, Ml. Dessert, yinal Haven, Ellsworth, Castine, and Machias, -See Posters for Days of Sailing, Etc.- This road runs in close connection with Maine Central Railroad at Bath. JOHN T. BERRY, Pres. W. L. WHITE, Supt. ADTERTISEMEXTS. m. MERCHANTS' *^ E 'D (SUCCESSORS TO MERCHANTS' MARINE INS. CO.) B JL IsT a- O K., OFFICE. 28 WEST MARKET SQ. Risks taken on Hulls, Freights and Cargoes on Liberal Terms. — -^CAPITAL ALL PAID IN $10aOOO.§=— ©II^Eeffl^^ James G. Pendleton, John L. Cutler, Charles V. Lord, Charles P. Stetson, L. J. Morse, John Cassidy, Edward Stetson, Edward L. Stewart, Edward B. Nealley. E. B. NEALLEY, Pres. WM. B. SNOW, SeCy. fi2 advehtisvments. DAVID T. PERCY & SONS, Dry Goods, Carpets, Oil Cloths and Window Shades, Crockery, Silver ^Plated Ware and Lamps, THREE BEEHIVE STORES. We Carry the Largest Stock ! We do the Largest Business ! We Sell at Lowest Prices ! TKR^Spec'iiil iitteiition oiveii to Vessels Outfits. S<>, {>() :siul tlO I loiit Stioet, Batli, 3I»'. ADVERTISEMENTS. 63 Sagadahock House, With JERE SHANNON and H. A. HUSE, as Proprietors, is unsurpassed in the State in comfort and elegance, by the recently remodeHno; of the interior of the house, too^ether with the additions of all the modern improvements of water, electric lights, and other desirable conveniences, nicely arranged and cosily furnished apartments, with a large, well lighted and airy dining room, where is served the best the raai'ket affords. Added to the hotel is a Livery Stable, that has likewise undergone complete renovation, with enlarged facilities, where are kept a large stock of the very best driving horses, and car- riages of the most modern style and of every description. Summer sojourners find at this hotel a comfortable home with abundant facilities to make daily trips to enjoy the air of the sea coast. 64 ADVERllSEMKNTS. The Kennebec Steam I^aundry. Such an estiiblisliment as this hiis been a long felt want in Bath, and two enterprising y<»nng men have recently under- taken the business, Thej' are occupying a building on Com- mercial Street, immediately north of the Ferry Landing. Into this, where there is ample room, they have placed the latest improved machinery, which is run by a neat engine. By the process used, wear and tear of the garments are entirely avoided and at the same time they come out perfectly cleansed, dried and ironed. The process is so speedy, that goods can be washed and delivered at very short notice. The prices are so low, that family washing is done cheaper than it can be done at home, and the collecting of the goods and delivery of them without charge is a. great convenience to customers. Sufficient patronage has already been secured to ensure the success of this new enterprise. ADVERTISEMENTS. 65 Samuel Anderson, ■ DRUGGIST AND APOTHECARY, ••-^l^AND DEALER IN'*^^^*^'- Trusses, * E^lastic * Stockings, Surgical Instrunients, Etc. Our new Sprinsj Pari Truss, devised for the permniient relief of snfif'erers from Hernia, will hold the rupture with great- est ease to the pntient and is acl-nowledged hy physi- ciiins to be superior to any other. iysiciGir)s T^pescripfior^s ar)d Or)ip aT)d rtcirrjiiv /'ieaicirje vfir)GsIs (@r Gt ©peciGilty. ©) In Our Prescription Depa-rtment, so long established, a Com- petent Person may always be found in attendance. 1^0 FEOJVT STREET. 66 ADVERTISEMENTS. Y:99^ion/Q^l,Ma/^/^, ^e. T'oanc/ Qj^ioot Q/'/ci^^to. (^/{M! yl/o^Ji oOo-n^e Su trie Jndtamia.ri.eai^ AD VERTISEM ENTS. 67 *» LED Y ARD,^ MEN AND BOYS' OUTFITTER, 48 and 50 Centre St., Bath, Maine. Custom Made Clothins:, FOR IMMEDIATE WEAR FOR MEN, BOYS, AND CHILDREN, ^ FINE * HATS. m JSeckwear, Hosiery, Gloves, and Underwear. The Best is None too Good. ^ LED YARD, m 48 and 50 Centre St., Bath, Maine. 08 ADVERTISEMENTS. (©[©(a THE W®)'®) H H D" H A WIDE AWAKE LOCAL AND COUNTY NEWSPAPER FOR EVERYBODY. PUBLISHED TWICE A WEEK, WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY. Subscription Price, One Year $L50; 8 Months $100 6 Months 75 Cents; 3 Months 40 Cents. Payable in Advance. First Class Advertising Solicited, send for rates, J. F. UPTON, Editor and Publisher, 778 WASHINGTON STREET. BATH, MAINE. ADVERTISEMENTS. 69 J. G. WASHBURN DEALER IN -AND Musical Instruments of all Kinds. ^v^Abtist^ ATEBIAlcSe^^ Headquarters for Picture Frames. 36 Centre Street, Bath, Maine. 70 ADVERTISEMENTS. A, K, GILMORE & SON, -3iSurgeon^ Dentists.iE- Parlors, 46 Front Street. A. K. GILMORE. A. R. GILMORE. A, K, GILMORE & SON, Homoeopathic Pharmacy. DKAI -AS FRANK A. LUCE,5v- Has purchased the stock hitely that of C. H. Bigelow, in the Store at 132 P'roiit Street, Which w;is obtained at a heavy discount from the original cost, the benefit of which w'tll accrue to purchasers, to close it out, making room for new goods. This stock is neither old nor shopworn nor out of style. It is a rare opportunity for Choice Bargains. To this stock is being added new goods, well selected and adapted to the wants of this market, with prices that touch the lowest possible figures. Repairing is made a specialty. C. T. HOOPER & SON, -DEALERS IN- H Crockery, China and Glass Ware. Lamps; Window Shades, Room Mouldings, Etc. BATH, MAINE. N. B. Remember Our Prices are the Lowest. 72 ADVERtlSEMENTS. MARBLE AND GRANITE -^\^ "\a7" O zee IZ S - 5V^ Batli l)as now an establislim-'Mit of this kind, That hv the snj)(Mio)- work it turns out, makes it no Ioniser necessary for the people of this city to