% ^- V v O > C> " » , 1 • ,0 ^ * o « o ° ^V O^ * 9 , 1 " .0 -ay ^. '-^^f^r-i* ^ ^ °» <f battle than surrender a single stone of what my father knd Prince Charles Fred- erick gained." 1 speeches were filled with similar bombastic and extr ;ant expressions which /were the subject of inter- nation x comment for many years. Other countries besides Germany have maintained grit armies, but their main- tenance has been but an incidental part of the general busi- ness of the nation and there was no submerging of the spirit which seeks and demands appropriate public ideals in government and 'action. Sp that while other elements have always tended to product friction between neighbor- ing countries, it was adamant, 'stubborn, military Prussian- ism which asserted itself in (the middle of 1914 and set the world afire. Enough is known at this {writing to show that the cost in lives, money, morals and weakening of humanity as a whole, is staggering, and yet tpe whole truth can not be real- ized for years to come. In dur own great struggle, which had for its object the liberation of the Negro, the scars which our country received have not yet been entirely elim- inated. Portions of the couiatry devastated by the soldiers still bear the marks of the invasion, but what was lost in money and material things was made up by the welding together of the two sections of the country. The Union was made a concrete, humanitarian body of citizens. The battle was for the right and liberty triumphed. And by the defeat of Germany liberty again triumphs and the world is made a safe place in which to live. And just as America fought for liberty in the stirring days of 1776, and her peoples fought one another in the trying days of 1861-65, so America was drawn into the World's War that the principles of liberty, for which she viii GENER1L PREFACE. has ever stood, might be perpetuated throughout the world, and that an international peace might be estab- lished, which has for its purposes the ending of such con- vulsions as have shaken the world since August, 1914, since the first shots were fired in fair Belgium by German invaders. CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY Cirii.izATioN at Issue— The German Empike— Character of William II— The Gbeat Conspiracy — The War by Years — United States in the War — Two Hundred Fifty Miles of Battle — The Downfall of Turkey — The Demo- cratic Close of the War 17 CHAPTER II GEN. PERSHING'S OWN STORY Organization of His General Staff — Training in France — In the Aisne Of- fensive — At Chateau Thterrv — The St. Mihtel Salient — Meuse-Argonne, First Phase — The Battle in the Forest — Summary 49 CHAPTER III PRESIDENT WILSON'S REVIEW OF THE WAR Troop Movement During the Year — Tribute to American Soldiers — Splen id Spirit of the Nation — Resume the Work of Peace — Outline of Work in Paris — Support of Nation Urged 79 CHAPTER IV THE FLASH THAT SET THE WORLD AFLAME Teutons Find in a Murder the Excuse for War — Germany Inspired by Am- bitions for World Control — The Struggle for Commercial Supremacy a Factor — The Underlying Motives 89 CHAPTER V WHY AMERICA ENTERED THE WAR The Iron Hand of Prussianism — The Arrogant Hohenzollern Attitude — Secretary Lane Tells Why We Fight — Broken Pledges — Laws Violated — Prussianism the Child of Barbarity — Germany's Plans for a World Empire 97 CHAPTER VI THE THINGS THAT MADE MEN MAD Germany's Barbarity — The Devastation of Belgium — Human Fiends — Fire- brand and Torch — Rape and Pillage — The Sacking of Louvain — Wanton Destruction — Official Proof 113 CHAPTER VII THE SLINKING SUBMARINE A Voracious Sea Monster — The Ruthless Destructive Policy of Germany — Starvation of Nations the Goal — How the Submarines Operate — Some Personal Experiences 136 ix x CONTENTS. CHAPTEK VIII THWARTING THE U-BOAT .Nets to Entangle the Sea Sharks of War — "Chasers" or "Skimming dish" Boats — "Blimps" and Seaplanes — Hunting the Submarine With "Lance," Bomb and Gun — A Sailor's Description 154 CHAPTER IX THE EYES OF BATTLE Aeroplanes and Airships — They Spy the Movements op Forces on Land or Sea — Lead Disastrous Bomb Attacks — Valuable in "Spotting" Sub- marines — The Bombardment at Messines Ridge 170 CHAPTER X WAR'S STRANGE DEVICES Chemistry a Demon of Destruction — Poison Gas Bombs — Gas Masks — Hand Grenades — Mortars — "Tanks" — Feudal "Battering Rams" — Steel Hel- mets — Strange Bullets — Motor Plows — Real Dogs of War 185 CHAPTER XI WONDERFUL WAR WEAPONS The Terrible Rapid-fire Gun — Armored Automobiles and Automobile Artillery — Howitzers — Mounted Forts — Armored Trains — Observation Towers — Wireless Apparatus — The Army Pantry 205 CHAPTER XII THE WORLD'S ARMIES The Efficient German Organization — The Landwehr and Landsturm— General Forms of Military Organization — The Brave French Troops — The Picturesque Italian Soldiery — The Peace and War Strength — Available Fighting Men — Fortifications 224 CHAPTER XIII THE WORLD'S NAVIES Germany's Sea Strength — Great Britain's Immense War Fleet — Immense Fighting Craft — The United States' New Battle Cruisers — The Fastest and Biggest Ocean Fighting Ships — The Picturesque Marines: The Soldiers of the Sea 243 CHAPTER XIV THE NATIONS AT WAR Unexpected Developments — How the War Flames Spread— A Score of Coun- tries Involved — The Points of Contact— Picturesque and Rugged Bulgaria, Roumania, Servia, Greece, Italy and Historic Southeast Europe 2 ^9 CONTENTS. xi CHAPTER XV MODERN WAR METHODS Individual Initiative as Against Mass Movements — Trench Warfare a Game of Hide and Seek — Rats and Disease — Surgery's Triumphs — Changed Tac- tics — Italian Mountain Fighting 281 CHAPTER XVI WOMAN AND THE WAR She has Won "Her Place in the Sun"— Rich and Poor in the Munitions Factories — Nurse and Ambulance Driver — Khaki and Trousers — Organ- izer and Farmer — Heroes in the Stress of Circumstances — Dying Men's Work for Men — Even a "Bobbie" 298 CHAPTER XVII THE TERRIBLE PRICE A Nation of Men Destroyed — Millions in Shipping and Commerce Destroyed — World's Maps Changed — Billions in Money — Immense Debts — Nation's Wealth — The United States a Great Provider 316 CHAPTER XVIII THE WORLD RULERS AT WAR Woodrow Wilson, the Champion of Democracy — The Egotistical Kaiser — The German Crown Prince — Britain's Monarch — Constantine Who Quit Rather than Fight Germany — President Poincare — And Other National Heads 328 CHAPTER XIX THE WAR'S WHO'S WHO Striking Figures in the Conflict — Joffre, the Hero of Marne — Ntvelle, the French Commander — Sir Douglas Haig — The Kaiser's Chancellor — Ven- izelos — "Black Jack" Pershing 344 CHAPTER XX CHEMISTRY IN THE WAR Substitutes for Cotton — Nitrates Produced from Air — Yeast a Real Sub- stitute for Beef — Seaweed Made to Give up Potash — A Gangrene Pre- VENTITTVE — SODA MADE OUT OF SALT WATER— AMERICA CHEMICALLY INDEPEN- DENT 361 CHAPTER XXI OUR NEIGHBORING ALLY Canada's Recruiting — Raise 33,000 Troops in Two Months— First Expedi- tionary Force to Cross Atlantic — Bravery at Ypres and Lens — Meeting Difficult Problems — Quebec Aroused by Conscription 371 xii CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXII THE HEROIC ANZAC Forces that Stirred the World in the Gallipoli Campaign — Famous as Sap- pers — The Blasting of Messines Ridge — Two Years Tunnelling — 30,000 Germans Blown to Atoms— 1,000,000 Pounds of Explosives Used — Troops that Were Transported 1 1,000 Miles 390 CHAPTER XXIII AMERICA STEPS IN" President Wilson's Famous Message to Congress — The War Resolution — April 6, 1917, Sees the United States at War — Review of the Negotia- tions Between Germany and America — The U-Boat Restricted Zone An- nouncement of Germany — Premier Lloyd George on America in the Con- flict 399 CHAPTER XXIV UNCLE SAM TAKES HOLD Makes World's Biggest War Loan — Seize German Ships — Intrigue Exposed — General Pershing and Staff in Europe — The Navy on Duty in North Sea — First United States Troops Reach France — Germany's Attempts to Sink Troop Ships Thwarted dy Navy's Guns 42/ CHAPTER XXV A GERMAN CRISIS The Downfall of Bethmann-Hollweg — The Crown Prince in the Lime Light — Hollweg's Unique Career — Dr. Georg Michaelis Appointed Chancellor — The Kaiser and How He Gets His Immense Power 444 CHAPTER XXVI UNCLE SAM AND THE NEUTRALS President Wilson Puts Emrargo on Food Shipments — Scandinavian Countries Furnishing Supplies to Germany Inspires Order — The Difficult Position of Norway, Denmark, Holland and Switzerland 452 CHAPTER XXVII THE ACTIONS OF THE WAR From Bosnia to Flanders — Marne the Turning Point of the Conflict — The Conquests of Servia and Rumania — The Fall of Bagdad — Russia's Women Soldiers — America's Conscripts 463 CHAPTER XXVIII AMERICAN FORCES BECOME FACTOR United Sttes Soldiers Inspired Allied Troops — Russian Government Col- lapses — Italian Army Fails — Allied War Council Formed — Foch Com- mands Allied Armies — Pershing Offers American Troops — Under Fire — U-Boat Bases Raided by British 473 CONTENTS. xiii CHAPTER XXIX AMERICANS TURN WAR'S TIDE Brilliant American Fighting Stops Hun Advance — French and British In- spired — Famous Marines Lead in Picturesque Attack — Halt Germans at Chatteau- Thierry — Used Open Style Fighting — Thousands of Germans Slain — United States Troops in Siberia — New Conscription Bill Passed — Allied Successes on All Fronts 489 CHAPTER XXX VICTORY— PEACE Tee German Empire Collapses — Foch's Strategy Wins — American Inspiration a Big Factor — Bulgaria, Turkey and Ausrtia Quit War — Monarchs Fall — Kaiser Abdicates and Flees Germany — Armistice Signed — November 11, Peace ' 497 THE NEGRO IN THE WORLD WAR 507 CO -a H S 2 55 S Eh . 6 ° cd ffl Cu H Big 02 ^ 15