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MARTIN COUNTY 
 
 IN THE 
 
 WORLD WAR 
 
 1917-1919 
 
 To the Heroic Men of Martin County, Minn- 
 esota, who gave their lives upon the 
 field of battle or through disease 
 in the righteous cause of 
 
 Liberty, Justice and Equality 
 
 This volume is affectionately and 
 reverently dedicated. 
 
 Compiled by 
 
 ARTHUR M. NELSON 
 
 Formerly Major A. G. D. 
 
 Published by 
 
 SENTINEL PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 Fairmont, Minnesota 
 
 iqio 
 
■'^f-' 
 
 ^(o^^ 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Publishers' Foreword ■'• 
 
 Portrait of Pros. Wilson 4 
 
 CHAPTER I: 
 
 IntroiliK'tion 5 6 
 
 CHAPTER II: 
 
 The Declaration of War. . 
 
 CHAPERT III: 
 
 The Call to the Colors. . . . 
 Mobilizing the Man Power. 
 
 CH.XPTER IV: 
 
 Martin County Men and Women in the Service. 
 Honoring the Men Who Fought 
 
 CHAPTER V: 
 
 Martin County Public Safety Association 
 
 Portraits of War Board Members. . . .' 
 
 Co. B, 6th Battalion Minnesota Home Guard. 
 
 Motor Reserve Corps 
 
 War Time National Guard 
 
 Legal Advisory Board 
 
 Women's Work in the War 
 
 CHAPTER YI: Financing the War 
 
 The Liberty Loans 
 
 Savings and Thrift Stamps. . . . 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 HI 
 
 12 
 
 ^^ 
 
 IS 
 
 IS 
 
 ly 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 .?5 
 
 .^6 
 
 37 
 
 ,?7 
 
 .?S 
 
 ,?S 
 
 40 
 
 to 
 
 41 
 
 41 
 
 4,5 
 
 44 
 
 40 
 
 -16 
 
 47 
 
 CHAPTER VII: 
 
 The Red Cross 4 7 5,S 
 
 CHAPTER VIII: Welfare Work- 
 Young Men's Christian Association 56 
 
 Knights of Columbus 56 
 
 Young Women's Christian Association 57 
 
 CHAPTER IX: 
 
 America First Association 57 59 
 
 CHAPTER X: 
 
 Food Conservation and Production 5') 61 
 
 Fuel Administration 61 
 
 War Industries 61 
 
 CHAPTER XI: The Return of Peace 
 
 The Armistice 62 63 
 
 Tlie Homecoming 63 64 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS— Cont'd. 
 
 CHAPTER XH: War Sc-rvice of Individuals 
 
 "In Flanders Fields" 67 
 
 "At Romagne" 68 
 
 The Roll of Honor 69 81 
 
 Armv ■■ 82 20(, 
 
 Navy 208 217 
 
 Marines 217 221 
 
 Miscellaneous. . 222 226 
 
 CHAPTER XIII: 
 
 Narrative of the World War ... 228 2.';S 
 
 Gen. Pershing's Official Report 260 272 
 
 CHAPTER XIV: Personal Narratives and Miscellaneous 
 
 Army Life for a Year and a Day 275 277 
 
 Secret Work for the Department of Justice 277 2S() 
 
 After Chateau Thierry 280 
 
 Soldier's Last Letter 281 
 
 Cheerfulness of the Wounded . . 281 
 
 The Marines at the Marne ... . 281 282 
 
 Dodging the Submarines 282 
 
 With the Air Bombing Squadrons 28,? 
 
 Wounded and a Prisoner in Germany 284 
 
 Hide and Seek with Submarines 284 
 
 'Pwo Hundred Miles of Battle Front 284 28.S 
 
 Gassed at Belleau Wood 285 
 
 When Depth Bombs Let Go 285 286 
 
 Escaped Battle's Perils to Die of Disea.sc . . 286 
 
 Gassed on His Birthday 286 
 
 Patrols Hug Earth to Escape Hun Bullets 286 287 
 
 Secret War Preparations 287 
 
 How an American Soldier Died 287 
 
 Martin County in the Civil War 287 290 
 
 Martin County in the Spanish War 290 292 
 
 Martin County on the Mexican Border 292 29,5 
 
 The Victory Medal 294 
 
 Germany's Stupid Aerial Propaganda 294 
 
 The American Legion 294 295 
 
 World War and Civil War Forces Compared . 295 
 
 War Statistics 295 
 
 Winning the D. S. M 296 
 
 With the .?7th Division . . 297 298 
 
 APPENDIX 299 ,?U. 
 
 CHAPTER XV; Illustrated Review of the War 317 3.i2 
 
FOREWORD 
 
 The preparation of this work was undertaken in order that the record of 
 Martin County's services and sacrifices in the field and at home during the World 
 War might be preserved to posterity. 
 
 Martin County will have cause ever to reflect with pride upon what her 
 people did in the great war for the preservation of our liberty and the overthrow 
 of monarchical despotism and autocracy. The record herein contained is written 
 imperfectly and incompletely, the material collected and collated while the memo- 
 ries of the war are fresh in the minds of all. It is the hope of the publishers that 
 the work will possess the merit of interest to the people of this period and be of 
 some historical value to future generations. 
 
 The preparation of the individual records of the service men and women 
 has involved almost endless labor and research, accomplished in nearly every 
 case by personal interviews. The data has been assembled by one thoroughly 
 conversant with military terminology and organization. It is therefore reasonably 
 believed that a maximum of accuracy has been attained. 
 
 It is a matter of regret to the publishers that not every individual record is 
 complete and accompanied by a portrait. Every endeavor to that end, consist- 
 ent with the time available for the purpose, was made but there were instances 
 where inability to locate, indifference or other reason has made it impossible to 
 accomplish the desired result. This is essentially a memorial volume devoted 
 principally to the records of the service men. Other features have been intro- 
 duced but civilian war activities have necessarily been subordinated that the 
 limitations of a single volume might be adequate and the cost of production not 
 rendered prohibitive. 
 
 In compilation we have had valuable assistance from many individuals, 
 all of which is gratefully acknowledged. 
 
 That we may have succeeded in contributing something of appreciation of 
 the deeds, valor and patriotism of those to whom this volume is dedicated is the 
 wish of 
 
 The Publishers. 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 With the events of the World War from its in- 
 ception on Aug. 3, 1914. when Germany declared war 
 upon France, up to the entrance into the titanic 
 struggle of the United States by its declaration of 
 war on April 6. 1917, this work will concern itself 
 but little. They will be touched upon only to the 
 degree that appears necessary in order that as clear 
 an understanding as possible may be had of condi- 
 tions in Martin County precedent to and durin,g the 
 war. The causes leading up to hostilities, the aims 
 and designs of Germany in precipitating a struggle 
 destined either to Germanize the world or destroy 
 that nation at the pinnacle of its greatness, the tac- 
 tics employed, the efifects upon the civilization of 
 the future — these and kindred subjects will engage 
 the attention of historians, economists, sociologists 
 and statesmen for a century to come. Obviously 
 they must be omitted in a volume of this character. 
 
 At the very outset there were many who recog- 
 nized in Germany's utter disregard for treaties, for 
 international law, for the commonly accepted rights 
 of nations, for the principles of humanity and hu- 
 man rights, a situation in the affairs of the world 
 which made it certain that before the common foe 
 was disillusioned the United States must take her 
 place in the armed ranks of the nations arrayed 
 against the Prussian autocracy. 
 
 There can be little doubt, however, that at least 
 up to the Lusitania outrage on May 7, 1915, public 
 sentiment in Martin County was more friendly to 
 the German than to the Allied cause. Several fac- 
 tors contributed to this condition. In the popular 
 mind the causes and purposes of the war at that 
 period were little understood; through history and 
 tradition, supplemented by Prussian propaganda, 
 the public mind was poisoned against England; the 
 major part of our population was of foreign blood 
 or parentage, about one-third German, a very con- 
 siderable Scandinavian, with Irisli, Polish and some 
 other elements in lesser numbers. People of such 
 ancestry naturally brought into American life some- 
 thing of the prejudices and passions of European 
 politics and struggles, which for the most part, lent 
 a natural inclination toward the German cause so 
 long as America remained unmolested and, in the 
 popular conception, unconcerned in the fate of Eu- 
 ropean nations. 
 
 In fact before, and even after tlie Lusitania inci- 
 dent, the press of the count3^ many of the pulpits 
 and schools and general public discussion was frank- 
 ly favorable to Germany. The German language 
 was the language of the home, the church, the school 
 and the literature of hundreds of Martin County 
 homes. The customs of the Fatherland was predom- 
 inant in many communities. The sturdy, honest, 
 industrious character of our people of German birth 
 and blood had earned for them the highest respect 
 from all elements and they had won the right to be 
 regarded as a most desirable class of American citi- 
 zens. Forming, as they did, so numerous a part of 
 our population it was unavoidable that in the early 
 stages of the war the sentiment and sympathy of 
 the county was with the German cause. 
 
 Taking advantage of this situation with cunning 
 adroitness the propaganda service of Germany was 
 not idle. Through the press, both English and for- 
 eign, by means of publicity bureaus circulating frank- 
 ly pro-German literature, utilizing the pulpits and 
 by the efforts of individuals no opportunity was 
 lost to build up sentiment favorable to the Central 
 powers. There was little or no attempt to con- 
 ceal the work being done to win in this community 
 a state of mind that would recognize the German 
 
 cause as righteous and fastening odium upon her 
 enemies, particularly England. The results were far- 
 reaching, including a very large number other than 
 those of German blood. It is but fair to state that 
 many were won completely or in part by these ef- 
 forts wholly unwittingly, and assistance was lent in 
 spreading the propaganda without any conscious- 
 ness that they were so doing. Later, when American 
 rights were infringed and Germany's attitude of 
 insolence and brutality became so flagrant, most of 
 those who had been seduced by the shrewd accom- 
 plishments of an earlier day saw the trap that had 
 enticed them and became wholly loyal to America. 
 But it was many months before the insidious effects 
 of Prussian propaganda were fully realized. In fact 
 this work was never abandoned. Even after the 
 armistice one could see it carried on in a persistent 
 instilling of hatred for England. In the months fol- 
 lowing the resumption of peace many made them- 
 selves ridiculous by insisting upon the use of the 
 "American" language, rather tian the "English." 
 
 It has never been discovered that any paid emissa- 
 ries of the German government operated in the com- 
 munity. This was unnecessary. There were at all 
 times plenty of persons who either through stu- 
 pidity or a treasonable attitude toward America 
 lent themselves to the work that the German In- 
 telligence Service desired done. It is a nice compli- 
 ment to the thoroughness of German propaganda that 
 it was so organized that its most effective work 
 was done by those who received no pay for their 
 services in behalf of German kultur. 
 
 It is not to be assumed that with America's entry 
 into the war the sentiment for Germany entirely dis- 
 appeared. There were those, and their number, 
 though inconsiderable, was far greater than it 
 should have been, who persisted in their pro-German- 
 ism. The records of tlie county attorney of Mar- 
 tin County during the war period shows that there 
 were numerous prosecutions and convictions for dis- 
 loyalty, mostly but not entirely of persons whose 
 birth or ancestry was German. Nor has this men- 
 ace entirely disappeared with the cessation of hos- 
 tilities. It still constitutes a problem that engages 
 the attention of those who insist on a 100 per cent 
 Americanism. 
 
 It is not fair to too severely condemn those of 
 our people who have remained more foreign than 
 American. There has been no concerted effort made 
 toward Americanization until the war showed its 
 necessity. Heretofore we have encouraged, rather 
 than discouraged, the grouping of European imini- 
 grants into localities where they perpetuated the 
 foreign tongue, the foreign language church, school 
 and customs. Previous to the war there had been 
 no real national spirit. The experiences of the 
 struggle taught us the advantage of one national 
 standard for all. To make better Americans of us 
 all has been the thought and endeavor of all patri- 
 otic persons since guns and gas, shot and shell, sub- 
 marine sinkings and airplane raids showed us the 
 necessity therefor. 
 
 War 'investments prior to April, 1917, did not 
 greatly interest Martin County people. There was 
 some money advanced by the purchase of English 
 and other Allied war bonds and a very considerable 
 amount taken in German securities. The campaign 
 selling to Martin County people obligations of the 
 German government to meet the terrific cost of the 
 conflict was carried on in organized maiiner and 
 reached out ambitiously. The number of investors 
 in such securities in this county and the sum ad- 
 vanced by them is not of course accurately known 
 
and no official figures can be obtained. Estimates 
 by investigators of the subject, however, indicate 
 that a considerable nunilier were persuaded to lend 
 their good American dollars to Germany. To the 
 credit of many of these, be it said, when America 
 entered the war they were not inllucnced by their 
 money interests but stood by their country and kept 
 still about tlieir Berlin investments. A small num- 
 ber clearly indicated by their un-American attitude 
 that they were willing Germany should win tlie war 
 for the sake of the securities they had purchased. 
 It is to be regretted this country still gives a 
 haven and protection to enemies of tliis sort. 
 
 Feeling, for the most part, tliat the war was a 
 thing entirely remote from Martin County, tliat at 
 the worst America would only take up arms in her 
 own defense to repel an invading force if one was 
 foreseen, our people were almost entirely indiffer- 
 ent to military or naval preparation during the pre- 
 war period. The popular mind believed tliat there 
 would l)e ijlenty of time to raise and equip military 
 and naval forces in event that we were threatened. 
 It seemed im])ossible for our people to believe that 
 the international situation would ever rc(|uire that 
 our soldiers and sailors be sent to European battle- 
 fields. Even the sinking of the Lusitania had little 
 effect upon this quiescent attitude. The opinion was 
 freely expressed that if Americans saw fit to take 
 their chances upon ships in hostile areas they ac- 
 cepted their own hazards. On the other hand the 
 better informed minority recognized in this tragic 
 incident a monstrous affront to America and it was 
 this minority which was destined linally to grow 
 into a majority and shape public sentiment into 
 united defense of national honor and make i)ossi- 
 ble alniost universal ac(|uicsccnce in the war meas- 
 ures that were so much nearer than many realized. 
 
 The sale of munitions of war by America to the 
 Allies was a constant grievance to those favorable 
 to the German cause and was loudly protested by 
 the German press and propaganda agencies. Our 
 people were frankly divided on this issue and many 
 persons of the most honest and loyal convictions 
 believed that so long as we were a neutral country 
 we should not be engaged in such commerce, espe- 
 cially since enemies of Germany reaped the side 
 advantage, due to the effective English blockade. 
 Many protested the traffic on grounds of humanity, 
 believing it monstrous that America should profit 
 by supplying tlic means whereby the peoples of 
 other civilized countries were enabled to destroy 
 one another. However, no serious differences arose 
 over this issue, the clashes being of opinion only. 
 There were no industries in Martin County given 
 over to the making of munitions or war supplies, 
 wdiich left the situation in this respect less acute 
 here than in manufacturing centers. 
 
 There were but few enlistments previous to our 
 declaration of war in the service of the Allies and, 
 so far as known, none in the German forces, A 
 scant h.'ilf dozen young men, impatient at .Xmerica's 
 delay, through love of adventure, or because of par- 
 ticular personal interest in the struggle, joined the 
 Canadian forces early in the war. A considerable 
 number believing that sooner or later America would 
 enter the struggle, enlisted in the regular army or 
 navy of the United States, to make certain that they 
 would be among the first to see the combat when 
 war did come. 
 
 The issues of the presidential campaign of 1916 
 present a practical delineation of the attitude of 
 the people of this county toward the war at tliat 
 time. Martin County is normally strongly Republi- 
 can, and although it had from time to time returned 
 majorities for Democratic candidates for governor, 
 congressman and lesser ofliccs it liad always sup- 
 ported the Republican candidates for president by 
 large majorities. 
 
 In I'.ilii f(U- the first time in its history the Dem- 
 
 ocratic candidate, Mr. Wilson, carried the county 
 over his Republican opponent, Mr. Hughes. There 
 were 1,7,50 votes cast for Wilson and 1,741 for 
 Hughes. The Prohibition candidate polled 107 votes 
 and the Socialist 88. That the attitude of the Wil- 
 son administration toward the war at that time was 
 responsible for this strong reversion of the Republi- 
 can vote is shown by the result in the contest for 
 governor at the same election wherein the normal 
 relative strength of the parties is shown. Mr. Burn- 
 quist. Republican, received 2.6.51 votes. Mr. Dwyer, 
 his Democratic opponent, received 683 votes, but 
 it must be conceded that Mr. Dwyer was a weak can- 
 didate and did not poll his full party vote. The Pro- 
 hibition candidate for governor received 201 votes 
 and the Socialist 00. 
 
 No one will deny that in the campaign of 1916 tlie 
 predominant desire of Martin County voters was a 
 national policy that would prevent the United States 
 from being drawn into the European struggle. Mr. 
 Wilson had been president for four years and his 
 policy of neutrality, patience and "watchful wait- 
 ing" and the campaign slogan, "He kept us out of 
 war," met with overwlielming approval, as reflected 
 in the election figures above quoted. Our people 
 were disposed to stand by the President in any policy 
 not contravening the national honor in order to 
 avoid complicity in a war which at that time was 
 not generally believed to seriously concern the United 
 States. However, a swift reversal of this attitude 
 was to come with tlie events of the early months 
 of 1917. 
 
 Relief work for the Belgians and otiier war-strick- 
 en peoples was carried on from the early days of 
 the conflict. The pitiable plight of ravished Belgium 
 especially appealed to our people and generous do- 
 nations of money, clothing and food were made 
 through the authorized commission. Unfortunately 
 no record exists to show to what extent our people 
 contributed but it is known that they did respond 
 to the appeals on behalf of suffering, destitute Bel- 
 gium generously. The response to this appeal how- 
 ever was not universal. In some localities pro-Ger- 
 man sentiment was so strong that Belgium was ig- 
 nored as suffering a deserved fate and propaganda 
 was active in endeavors to prove that Belgium had 
 suffered only through acts of war on her own part 
 against Germany. 
 
 It is undeniably true that even in those early days 
 of the conllict before Germany had really begun 
 to feel the pinch of hunger and want Martin Coun- 
 ty money found its way into Germany for relief pur- 
 poses, usually to relatives of people living here who 
 had found -America a land of plenty and were willing 
 to share their al)undance to some extent with their 
 warring kinsmen. There was no general campaign 
 for relief work in Germany, England, or any coun- 
 try other than Belgium. 
 
 With the announcement in January, 1917, liy Ger- 
 many that on and after Feb. 1, 1917, that nation 
 would put aside all restraints of law and humanity 
 and mercilessly sink with its submarines the sliips 
 of all nations aiiproacliing European ports war sen- 
 timent here, as well as throughout the nation, be- 
 gan to take definite shape. Many who had there- 
 tofore shrank from America's intervention openly 
 demanded immediate war on Germany as the com- 
 mon enemy of all civilization. In the minds of all 
 but the most extreme friends of Germany, those 
 whose course throu.ghout tlie entire war and since 
 marked them as more German than .\merican, there 
 came the conviction that tlie hour had struck, that 
 now at last the United States was forced from a po- 
 sition of neutrality and into the war unless we as a 
 nation were willing to play the craven and bow and 
 cringe to a ruthless foe. In fact there was clamor 
 that we enter the war at once and complaint that 
 the President and Congress waited nine long weeks 
 before the actual declaration at war. 
 
 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 The Declaration of War 
 
 The time between Feb. ]. 1!)17. and .Vpril 6th, 
 when war was declared, was perhaps the most try- 
 ing in the entire war period. Upon tlie streets in 
 private conversation the friends of Germany were 
 offensively outspoken, ridiculing the idea that .'\mer- 
 ica could throw into the struggle an army for- 
 midable to the trained hosts of Germany, point- 
 ing out our lack of preparedness, the alleged im- 
 possibility of transporting an army and all of its 
 supplies and impedimenta overseas, boasting of Ger- 
 man superiority and prophesying disaster to the 
 United States for inviting destruction at the hands 
 of the Prussian war lords. It is remarkable that no 
 acts of violence marked the period. Loyal men and 
 women showed wonderful forbearance and bided 
 the day wlicn .-Vmerica should fully assert lierself to 
 her enemies both within and without. That day came 
 with the declaration of war on .\pril (ith, 1917. On 
 that date the local press carried the text of the joint 
 resolution of Congress declaring war, containing 
 but 13G words, yet fraught with the power to defeat 
 Germany and save the nation and the world from 
 frightful autocracy. The te.xt of the War Act fol- 
 lows: 
 
 "Wlierens, the Imperial German Government 
 has committed repeated acts of war against the 
 government and the people of the United States 
 of America; therefore be it 
 
 '■Resolved, by the Senate and House of Rep- 
 resentatives of the United States of America, 
 in Congress assemljled, that the state of war 
 between the United States and the Imperial 
 German government which has been thrust 
 upon the United States is hereby formally de- 
 clared; and that the President be, and he is 
 hereby authorized and directed to employ the 
 entire naval and military forces of the United 
 States and the resources of the government to 
 carry on war against the Imperial German gov- 
 ernment; and to bring the conflict to a success- 
 ful termination all of the resources of the coun- 
 try are liereby pledged by the Congress of the 
 United States." 
 
 This resolution was passed in the Senate by a vote 
 of 8)2 to G, and in the House by a vote of 373 to 50. 
 
 The declaration of war was received with majority 
 approval in Martin County. With repeated German 
 outrages there had been revulsion of sentiment 
 against that country. The time had arrived to be 
 pro-.'Vmerican rather than pro-German or French or 
 Belgian or British. Our people were ready for the 
 issue. Most of those who were of German blood, 
 whose natural sympathies in the nearly three years 
 of war that had preceded were with their for- 
 mer countrymen, now saw that tlieir duty was wholly 
 to America, the country in wdiich they had been 
 given citizenship and opportunity, the native land 
 of their children. -\11 elements of our population, 
 whether of European or other extraction, now saw 
 clearly the path of loyalty and duty and most of tliem 
 elected to follow it faithfully. The declaration ol 
 war solidified and unified the people as nothing ever 
 had or could do. The time had come to be Amer- 
 icans and the word took on new signilicance. 
 
 There was almost immediate cessation of the sen- 
 timents of pro-Germanism that had proven so offen- 
 sive in preceding months. No one dared longer to 
 criticize or condemn the measure to which the na- 
 tion had committed itself. .Ml felt that there were 
 
 tremendous duties and difticulties ahead that could 
 and would be successfully met. There was confi- 
 dence in .•\merica. in the President and the Con- 
 gress that no undertaking would prove too great for 
 the united people of the United States to accom- 
 plish. Our enemies within secluded themselves in 
 silence. The public temper would no longer counte- 
 nance expressions that it had endured up to the 
 time of our actual entry into war. The nation had 
 risen in might and majesty to accomplish the sal- 
 vation of the world and Martin County people arose 
 magnificently to the national requirement, determiiied 
 to do fully and well everything required, everything 
 possible, to upludd the honor of the nation and bring 
 speedy victory to the banners of the .\llies, of which 
 she now was one. While this was the attitude of the 
 great majority there remained a sullen, silent, dis- 
 loyal minority who might annoy and require restraint 
 or even drastic punishment but this element was 
 never sufficiently strong to form a menace, so long 
 as held in check, as it was held in check through 
 measures adopted as events progressed. 
 
 The state of Minnesota speedily followed the na- 
 tional government in providing proper war measiires. 
 Even before the declaration of war the state legisla- 
 ture had prejiarcd and was discussing a measure to 
 create the "Commission of Public Safety," a body 
 endowed witli extraordinary powers and dealt with 
 more in detail elsewhere in this work. Under the 
 state commission there was organized a branch 
 in Martin as in other counties that dealt with all 
 war measures other than the mobilizing of the troops, 
 which was done under Federal direction through the 
 County Draft Board. 
 
 The war was given immediate support by the press 
 of the county, every one of the seven newspapers 
 lending its columns freely to all war activities. 
 There was strong co-operation also from the pulpits 
 and public rostrum in the tremendous educational 
 work necessary to arouse the people to a realiza- 
 tion of their full duty as loyal citizens. 
 
 .\mong the notable war activities which were 
 promptly organized in tlie county were the Martin 
 County Public Safety .\ssociation, the Liberty Loan 
 Committee, the America First Association, the Red 
 Cross, War Savings, Y. M. C. .■\., Knights of Colutn- 
 bus. Home Guard Company, Motor Corps, Food and 
 Fuel .Administrations, whicli are made the subject of 
 succeeding chapters. 
 
 So speedily and thoroughly was the county organ- 
 ized on a war basis that there was never opportunity 
 for organized opposition, even had there been any 
 danger or tendency tlicrcto. Throughout the entire 
 trying period the authorities had only to deal with 
 isolated, individual cases of disloyalty, these most 
 frequently due to ignorance or mis-information, and 
 never was there any manifestation of any general 
 dissension from the general determination to stick 
 together as loyal .Americans and win the war as 
 speedily as possible. 
 
 A public meeting to obstruct and protest the draft 
 law which disgraced a neighboring county attracted 
 a small attendance of Martin County people but 
 nothing resulted in the way of organized opposi- 
 tion to that measure here. For a short time the effect 
 of the so-called "New Ulm meeting" created some 
 discussion hostile to the draft but Martin County 
 had too many loyal people and public officials of 
 too fearless and patriotic type to tolerate any sim- 
 ilar attempt Iiere. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Call to the Colors 
 
 Martin County young men did not all wait for 
 the declaration of war before placing themselves at 
 the disposal of the country in tlie struggle that 
 tliey believed inevitable. 
 
 During the early months of 1917, prior to the 
 passage of the "War Act" about a score sought en- 
 listment oflices and enrolled for the army or navy. 
 As soon as war was a reality a very considerable 
 number began putting tlieir aflfairs in order and 
 quietly slipping away to enlist. At that period en- 
 listments were open in all branches of the service and 
 the j'oung men could elect to serve in whichever 
 best suited their inclinations. Some sou'ght the 
 army, others the navy or marines. No recruiting 
 office was maintained in the county, the prospective 
 recruit having to go to Mankato, Albert Lea or the 
 Twin Cities to enroll. 
 
 It is believed that the honor of being first to enlist 
 after war was declared goes to Lee R. Oles of Tru- 
 man. On April 10th he signed up for the infantry 
 at the Mankato recruiting office. Oles did not re- 
 alize his expectations of service at the front. He 
 was sent to a training camp and died of disease. 
 
 Other early enlistments were Hanson Smith of 
 Cedar who joined the marines. David Levin, Shcr- 
 burn, marines, Thad Allen. Fairmont, marines; \Vm. 
 Kauder and Carl Jessen of Fairmont, navy. These, 
 and several others enlisted in April, 1917. By May 
 1st Lake Fremont township had 14 volunteer en- 
 listments in army and navy. In proportion to its 
 population this township e.Kcelled all other parts of 
 the county in voluntary enlistments, with the ex- 
 ception of the village of Ormsby. By May 9th every 
 man of military age in that little town had volun- 
 teered. A study of the service records of the coun- 
 ty, printed elsewhere in this book, will disclose that 
 a large proportion of the men from this county were 
 voluntary enlistments. 
 
 There existed in Martin County one company of 
 National Guard Infantry stationed at Fairmont, 
 though many of its members were residents of sur- 
 rounding towns and villages. This unit was at that 
 time designated Co. E, 2nd Infantry Minnesota Na- 
 tional Guard. 
 
 The Fairmont National Guard company had ex- 
 isted continuously since May 2, 1882, except for a 
 short period after its return from service in the 
 Spanish-American War. At the time of the com- 
 pany's organization it was officered by ex-soldiers 
 of the Civil War. Wm. Bird was Captain, J. A. Ev- 
 erett First Lieutenant, and C. H. BuUard Second 
 Lieutenant. Many of the enlisted men of that period 
 were also veterans of the war of the fiO's. 
 
 During the period 1882-1898 the company, which 
 was then Co. D, 2d Infantry, M. N. G., and one of 
 the earliest military companies of the state, was 
 called to arms but once. That was during a serious 
 strike on Minnesota railroads in 1894. Mobilization 
 was at the state capitol. Their service was short 
 and without casualty or noteworthy incident. 
 
 As Co. D, 12th Minn. Volunteer Inf., the company 
 was called to Federal service for tlie Spanish-Amer- 
 ican war. Lts experiences at that time are made the 
 subject of a chapter in another part of this volume. 
 
 The Spanish-American War saw Co. D converted 
 from a national guard to a volunteer organization. 
 Therefore when demobilized the unity of the organ- 
 ization was lost and for a few years there was no 
 National Guard company in Martin County. In 1904 
 the company was reorganized as Co. E, 2nd Infantry, 
 M. N. G., principally by men who had previously 
 served in its ranks in the volunteer service. 
 
 In June, 1916, the company was again called to ser- 
 vice on the Me.xican border where it was on duty as 
 
 a national guard unit in Federal service until Jan- 
 uary, 1917. This period of its activity is treated 
 as a separate subject elsewhere. 
 
 Returning to its home station many of the men 
 were discharged on account of removal from the 
 company station, dependents and other reasons. 
 The coming of war therefore found the company de- 
 pleted in numbers and with a call to active combat 
 service imminent. 
 
 Co. E did not wait for the declaration before 
 opening its recruiting campaign. With the break- 
 ing off of diplomatic relations with Germany in 
 February, 1917, additional men for the ranks were 
 sought and after .\pril 6th a systematic campaign 
 was carried on. Recruiting parties, usually with a 
 detail of men in uniform, martial music, banners 
 and speakers, drove with automobiles to other towns 
 — Sherburn, Welcome, Ceylon, Jackson, Truman, 
 Winnebago, Wells, Blue Earth, Minnesota Lake, Ma- 
 delia. Triumph, and other places and at street meet- 
 ings stirred up enthusiasm for enlistments either in 
 the National Guard company or the general service, 
 and constituted as well a powerful factor in unifying 
 public sentiment for the more exacting war expe- 
 riences soon to come. J. A. Everett, Civil War vet- 
 eran, Albert R. Allen, county attorney, Ex-Senator 
 J. E. Haycraft. Alfred Torngren and Arthur M. Nel- 
 son, editors, G. A. Sutherland, Rev. I. E. Moody, 
 and others gave much service in this campaign as 
 speakers. 
 
 Physical requirements for the Co. E recruits were 
 much higher than for the general service later. On 
 .'Kpril 20th 20 volunteers were examined of whom 13 
 were rejected. Ten of the rejected were later ac- 
 cepted for service under the draft. The last con- 
 siderable increment of recruits for Co. E was se- 
 cured on Memorial day when there were 25 enlist- 
 ments. This practically filled the ranks though later 
 there was an increase in personnel authorized that 
 called for a number of additional enlistments that 
 were easil}' secured, and before its departure the 
 "home company" was compelled to turn down many 
 who desired service in its ranks. 
 
 On May 19th the company commander received 
 official notice that his command would be called to 
 Federal service on July 15th. It was announced that 
 the company would be at first mobilized at its home 
 station. Preparatory to its departure the men con- 
 ducted many dances and other entertainments to 
 raise funds for its use in the service. In this they 
 were very successful and the public generous. A 
 fund of several thousand dollars was readily raised. 
 It was of course taken for granted that the company 
 would remain intact throughout its service. The 
 policy of the government to discourage local units 
 in its armies was not then foreseen. 
 
 On July 15th Co. E entered upon the most en- 
 joyable period of its service. Under its own home 
 olScers, among the home people, it went into camp 
 at the Martin County fair grounds, establishing Camp 
 William Bird. The camp was named in honor of a 
 pioneer Civil War veteran, long prominent in MartiA 
 County and tlie first commander of the orignial Fair- 
 mont National Guard company. The time at Camp 
 William Bird was spent in active military drill, in- 
 terspersed with many social diversions, tending to 
 make it pleasant for the soldiers, but all chafed under 
 the delay in leaving "for the front." It was at all 
 times anticipated that the command would depart 
 long before the final "marching orders" did actually 
 arrive. 
 
 Believing that the time of departure was near at 
 hand the people of Fairmont arranged a monster 
 farewell for the company on July 29th. It is esti- 
 
mated that 20,000 people attended. There was a 
 great parade and speaking exercises at which Hon. 
 Dar Reese of St. PanI was the principal orator. 
 The men in uniform were the heroes of the hour and 
 enthusiasm and patriotism were at a dizzy height. 
 
 The final separation from the state service came 
 on Aug. 5th when, under the selective service act, 
 the men were formally discharged from the National 
 Guard of the state and drafted into Federal service. 
 It was not realized at the time that this was tlie 
 beginning of the end of Co. E as a local military 
 unit. With the draft into Federal service the de- 
 parture of the company was expected daily. Every- 
 thing was in readiness but the weeks dra.ggcil on 
 and the volunteers saw a large number of selective 
 service men move out before they left Camp Wil- 
 liam Bird behind. Finally on SeE.t. 2Tth the com- 
 mand entrained for Camp Cody. New Mexico. 
 
 On reaching the new camp the company became 
 Co. E, 136th Infantry, 34th Division, and complete re- 
 organization to conform to new regulations took 
 place. Old standards were abandoned and one fea- 
 ture of the system was to abolish local units and 
 ■disintegrate national guard commands. The person- 
 nel of an infantry company was increased to 250 men 
 with five officers. The company went into service 
 with 150 men and three officers. 
 
 Local character began to fade with the assign- 
 ing of 100 new men to Co. E at Camp Cody. A few 
 of these came from Camp Dodge. Iowa, through the 
 selective draft. Others had previously been a part 
 of a South Dakota National Guard unit that was 
 broken up after entry into Federal service. Officers 
 and men were transferred under the new regime re- 
 gardless of personal wishes and without reference 
 to localities or branches of the service. The per- 
 sonnel of the home company quickly changed and 
 soon entirely lost local si.gnificance. 
 
 At Camp Cody began a long and heart-breaking 
 period of further intensive training, extremely dis- 
 heartening to officers and men who had been among 
 the first to volunteer and who represented the high- 
 •est class of American soldier material. It was not 
 until April, 1918, that the first Co. E men were sent 
 overseas. At that time four enlisted men were se- 
 lected and sent across as replacements. The con- 
 viction began to settle down that the company was 
 soon to be broken up and the officers and men 
 scattered liere and there through the service as re- 
 placement troops. 
 
 June, 1918, saw the finish of Co. E so far as its 
 identity as a local company is concerned. All of 
 the privates were withdrawn to help fill the ranks of 
 depleted organizations in France. Of the original 
 personnel only the officers and non-commissioned 
 officers were left. The privates were rushed across 
 the Atlantic and into the ranks of regiments at the 
 front. They went to various divisions and nearly 
 all participated in the various engagements that oc- 
 curred between July 15th and Nov. 11, 1918. 
 
 This disposal of the men of Co. E removed its 
 last vestige as a home and national guard unit. The 
 ranks were at once refilled with selective service 
 men from Texas, New JVIe.xico and other southwest- 
 ■ern states and the officers and non-coms remaining 
 again took up the weary grind of instructing a fresh 
 lot of recruits. 
 
 On .August 26, 1918, the entire 34th Division, in- 
 cluding Co. E, left Camp Cody on the first leg of 
 their journey to the front. They were sent to Camp 
 Dix, New Jersey, for immediate emharkation but 
 once more the old hoodoo pursued the division. The 
 great influenza epidemic hit the command at Camp 
 Di.x and delayed departure. Hundreds of men of 
 the division died. While the 34th lay in quarantine, 
 fighting a foe more subtle and deadly to its per- 
 sonnel than the guns of Germany, the other Amer- 
 ican divisions were fighting gloriously at St. Mihiel 
 and the Argonne. 
 
 Not until Oct. 12, 1918, did Co. E finally embark 
 as a unit. On reaching France they were sent to the 
 great classification Camp at LeMans, there to be 
 finally and completely broken up, oflicers and men 
 being sent to various commands in combat service 
 but too late to participate in the fighting, the armis- 
 tice being at hand. The major part went to the 4th 
 Division and spent many months in Germany with 
 the Army of Occupation. 
 
 In at least one respect Co. E was fortunate. .Al- 
 though its original members served for an average 
 of more than two years its losses were small. Only 
 one man, Edward J. Troska, was killed in battle. 
 But one, Lester C. Personius, died of disease. Sev- 
 eral were wounded in battle, the exact number hav- 
 ing never been determined. 
 
 A roster of the original members of Co. E ap- 
 pears elsewhere, as does a record of its service on 
 the Mexican border. 
 
 There were four men from Martin County in an- 
 other national guard unit — Headquarters First Minn. 
 Inf. Brigade, later 68th Infantry Bri.gade. The ser- 
 vice of these men was almost identical with those 
 of Co. E. They were: .Arthur M. Nelson, major; 
 Marcus F. Day, private, later second lieutenant; Ira 
 D. Owen, private, later first lieutenant; William H. 
 Moore, corporal. A few enlisted in other national 
 guard units. 
 
 No attempt has been made since return from ser- 
 vice to reorganize the old National Guard company. 
 The members are widely scattered and while the 
 company was absent in service their place in the 
 Minnesota National Guard was filled by the organi- 
 zation at Fairmont of Co. G, 5th Minn. Inf., a unit 
 that was not called and which is made the subject 
 of a sketch elsewhere in this work. 
 
 There is record of S5 Martin County men who 
 enlisted in the navy: 28 in the marines; 8 with the 
 Canadians; and about 300 other than members of 
 Co. E in the army. ^ . . „ , -c.. 
 
 The first Reserve Ofticers Training Camp at tt. 
 Snelling, Minn., interested a large number of Mar- 
 tin County young men, mostly with previous mili- 
 tary experience, and eager to assume the responsi- 
 bility of officers in the new army. E. W. Bird, a 
 former National Guard major, was in charge of se- 
 lecting applicants from this county. There were 
 over twenty applications from Martin County but 
 only a small part of these were accepted as the ap- 
 plications far exceeded the capacity of the camp. 
 Robert E. Porter, Lee C. Prentice. Lyn Houghtalmg, 
 Horace G. Day, Henry Gerth and L. W. Bentoti all 
 from this county, were graduated with commissions 
 in .\ugust, 1917, and at once assigned to active duty. 
 
 The Second Reserve Officers' Training Camp 
 opened at Snelling in August. 1917. There were only 
 a few places therein open to Martin County men. not 
 nearly enough to accommodate all applicants. Henry 
 W. Luedtke, Earl Phifer, R. W. Tanner and Robert 
 L. Dean were commissioned at the close of this 
 school and assigned to active duty. ^ There were no 
 candidates for commission from civil life in this 
 county in the Third and Fourth schools but a score 
 of Martin County men already in military service as 
 enlisted men won commissions in these schools. 
 
 Complete and absolutely accurate classification of 
 people in military service from the county is im- 
 possible. Careful research fixes the number and 
 branches represented at the following approximate 
 figures: 
 
 Army 1143 
 
 Navy 85 
 
 Marines 38 
 
 Canadians 8 
 
 Nurses, etc 6 
 
 Y. M. C. A 4 
 
 Total 1274 
 

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 1 HT 
 
 MARTIN COUNTY DRAFT BOARD. 
 
 \\illiani S. Carver, sheriff; Private Geo. H. Vetter, enlisted clerk; Henry C. Nolte, county auditor; 
 M. C. Dalton, executive clerk; W. J. Richardson, physician. 
 
 Mobilizing the Man Power 
 
 With the declaration of war it became known that 
 troops for the prosecution thereof would be raised 
 under a selective service system, popularly called 
 a draft. Regular army and national guard organ- 
 izations already in existence were permitted to re- 
 ceive voluntary enlistments up to the number re- 
 quired to fill their ranks. It was predetermined by 
 the government that the great bulk of the nation's 
 man power would be called to service in such num- 
 bers and at such times as the emergency might re- 
 quire. Never before had this country raised armies 
 upon such an enormous scale. To abandon the old, 
 time-honored volunteer system, with its picturesque- 
 ness and inequalities, was a distinct innovation. 
 In all other wars the nation had relied upon the 
 spirit of patriotic sacrifice to rally men to the colors 
 and, except for a period during the Civil War, this 
 reliance on the loyalty of the nation's citizens had 
 met with the desired response. 
 
 There was much of historical sentiment connected 
 with the volunteer system and to this rather than 
 to its injustice and weaknesses the puljlic mind had 
 been most accustomed. It was therefore with some 
 misgivings that the people viewed the new policy 
 and there were doubts at the outset whether or not 
 it would prove successful. The war had jirogressed 
 but a few weeks before all recognized that a great 
 forward step had been taken in the raising of armies. 
 
 As volunteers men served with their "home com- 
 panies" under home officers and for limited periods 
 of enlistment. These and many other factors made 
 for inefficiency rather tlian efficiency. Men chose 
 their own branches of the service and a man inval- 
 uable in some special position was often found 
 serving in the humblest capacity. 
 
 In the emergency of 1917 the United States "ex- 
 pected every man to do his duty" without regard 
 to rank or station in civil life. If a man was able 
 bodied and of military age he was placed at the call 
 of his country, to serve wherever he could be best 
 
 used. Though the new system was untried in .\mer- 
 ica and viewed by many with distrust and even oppo- 
 sition it "worked" beyond the most sanguine ex- 
 pectations and under it there was built up in record 
 time an army, which man for man, was the peer 
 of any similar force the nation or the world has 
 ever witnessed. 
 
 It would be error to declare that the selective ser- 
 vice act, approved and put into effect May 18, 1917, 
 met with universal approval in Martin County. Still 
 it was the e-xpression of the will of those the people 
 had placed in authority over themselves and by 
 nearly all it was readily accepted and acquiesced in. 
 True, there were some, a small number in Martin 
 County, who continued to the end bitterly opposed 
 to a system that required every American to do his 
 full military duty but there was no organized oppo- 
 sition to the draft in Martin County. On one or 
 two occasions when outside agitators endeavored to 
 hold public meetings which the authorities believed 
 would tend to opposition of the measure and its op- 
 erations such meetings were prevented by lawful and 
 proper exhibition or application of force. 
 
 .■\s the war progressed all distinction between 
 drafted men and volunteers disappeared. The new 
 system worked so much better tlian anything ever 
 before known, the selected men generally. like those 
 who volunteered, accepted service in such a splendid 
 patriotic spirit, that the early prejudices and mis- 
 givings disappeared. In fact long before the armis- 
 tice the original distinctions between regular army, 
 national guard and national army had entirely dis- 
 appeared, and in fact as well as in name, and there 
 was but one force — the armies of the United States, 
 where regulars, volunteers and selected men fought 
 shoulder to shoulder with equal skill, patriotism and 
 heroism. 
 
 The Local Draft Board for Martin County repre- 
 sented the federal authority under which the Selec- 
 tive Service Act was made effective. Within the 
 
 10 
 
sphere of their activities the draft board had greater 
 authority than was ever before given to local olficials. 
 
 Minnesota and Martin County did not wait for 
 the final approval of the Selective Service Act be- 
 fore taking up preparations to put it into effect. Ten 
 days before the Act was signed by the President, on 
 May 9. 1917, Gov. Burnquist, through the Adjutant 
 General, designated the men who would constitute 
 the Martin County Draft Board. They were: 
 
 William S. Carver, Sheriff. 
 
 Henry C. Nolte, Auditor. 
 
 Walter J. Richardson, Physician. 
 
 On the day of their appointment the Board met at 
 Fairmont, organized, and entered upon their duties. 
 
 An immediate call was made for men of clerical 
 ability to volunteer as draft registrars in each of the 
 precincts of the county. A request was also made 
 for township and village authorities to donate the 
 use of the usual polling places for purposes of reg- 
 istration. On May 10th the Board reported to the 
 governor that Martin County was fully organized 
 with a complete personnel of registrars and not a 
 cent of expense would accrue on account thereof. 
 This was also true at the later registration. Thei;e 
 were always many more men willing to donate their 
 services for this or any war work than were re- 
 quired. 
 
 The draft registrars for the county who served 
 on the two occasions needed were as follows: 
 
 Precinct. 
 East Chain 
 Pleasant Prairie 
 Center Creek 
 Nashville 
 Silver Lake 
 Fairmont Twp. 
 Rutland 
 Westford 
 Tenhassen 
 Rolling Green 
 Fraser 
 Waverly 
 Lake Belt 
 Manyaska 
 Fox Lake 
 Galena 
 Lake Fremont 
 
 Jay 
 
 Elm Creek 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Fairmont City — 
 First Ward 
 Second Ward 
 Third Ward 
 
 Sherburn 
 
 Welcome 
 
 Truman 
 
 Granada 
 
 Triumph 
 
 Monterey 
 
 Ceylon 
 
 Ormsby 
 
 Registration of June 5, 1917 
 R. W. Nelson 
 J. T. McNcrney 
 
 B. A. Burton 
 W. W. Adams 
 Frank Nowicki 
 F. J. Lowe 
 
 A. C. Becker 
 W. E. Reinke 
 
 F. F. Peters 
 James Lamperd 
 
 G. C. Koch 
 
 T. E. Peterson 
 W. W. Wiltse 
 Frank Ammann 
 
 C. L. Blanchar 
 John H. Hagen 
 C. L. Larson 
 Oscar L. Larson 
 John Rohweddcr 
 A. J. Peterson 
 
 .\lex Grant 
 E. R. Flygare 
 Arthur M. Nelson 
 Leo Howard 
 J. W. Wolford 
 J. D. Griggs 
 B. A. Burton 
 L. A. O. Stockdill 
 Peter W^artman 
 R. W. Stewart 
 R. H. Mueller 
 
 The first registration, which included all men in 
 the county who had reached their 21st birthday and 
 had not passed their 31st was held June 5. 1917. 
 The total registrants were 2,04(), distributed in the 
 several towns and villages as follows: 
 
 East Chain 89 Galena 
 
 Pleasant Prairie ... 67 Lake Fremont 
 Center Creek 106 
 
 Nashville 6.3 
 
 Silver Lake 81 
 
 Fairmont Twp 50 
 
 Rutland 
 
 Westford 
 
 Tenhassen 
 
 Rolling Green . . . 
 
 Fraser 
 
 Waverly 66 
 
 Lake Belt 60 
 
 Manyaska 62 
 
 Fox Lake 62 
 
 73 
 60 
 .5.5 
 75 
 63 
 
 63 
 80 
 53 
 67 
 70 
 104 
 161 
 97 
 74 
 48 
 59 
 
 Jay 
 
 Elm Creek 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Fairmont. 1st Ward 
 Fairmont, 2d Ward. 
 Fairmont, 3d Ward 
 
 Sherburn 
 
 Welcome 
 
 Truman 
 
 Triumph 40 
 
 Monterey 36 
 
 Ceylon 65 
 
 Ormsby 3 
 
 Note: Later more names were added, making 
 the total registration :3,05S. 
 
 Nearly one-half, or to be exact 966, of the 2,058 
 registrants claimed exemption at time of registra- 
 tion. The grounds on which these claims were 
 based were: Dependent relatives, S29; totally dis- 
 abled, 12; aliens, 86; alien enemies, 30; all other rea- 
 sons, 9. 
 
 Registration of Sept. 12. 1918. 
 R. W. Nelson, J. W. Dahl 
 J. T. McNerney, A. D. Loring 
 
 B. S. Colton, B. L. Eglin 
 W. W. Adams. H. M. Hall 
 Frank Nowicki, Chas. Sundberg 
 F. J. Lowe, F. C. Gould 
 
 A. C. Becker, J. H. Sprague 
 W. E. Reinke, Oscar A. Olson 
 
 F. F. Peters, P. H. Ross 
 James Lamperd, M. ^L Travis 
 
 G. C. Koch. Geo. Bulock 
 T. E. Peterson, Cecil Cole 
 
 W. W. Wiltse, W. E. Gemmill 
 Frank .\mmann, O. W. Kinney 
 
 C. L. Blanchar, Geo. Phillip 
 John H. Hagen, Emil Jeppson 
 C. L. Larson, E. M. Ostergren 
 Oscar L. Larson, R. H. Gemmill 
 John Rohwedder. John Carlson 
 
 A. J. Peterson, Albert Hoevet 
 
 Alex Grant, N. R. Bomboy 
 
 E. R. Flygare, G. B. Goetz. Ben Ballou 
 
 Ed VanSlvke. C. H. Patsche, A. B. Loomer 
 
 Chas. Grill, E. E. Risley 
 
 J. W. Wolford, H. W. Ellsworth 
 
 L. J. Hinton, W. G. Hecht 
 
 B. S. Colton, B. L. Eglin 
 S. P. Pope 
 
 Alfred F'eterson 
 
 R. W. Stewart. C. E. Champine 
 
 A. G. Dusliinske 
 
 Only one exemption claim was based on religious 
 scruples. There was but one colored registrant. He 
 claimed exemption which was granted. 
 
 With the registration there was dumped upon the 
 draft board a tremendous amount of clerical work 
 in copying records, compiling lists, reports, etc. 
 There was immediately available without cost to the 
 government a large force of volunteer clerks from 
 Fairmont, including business and professional men, 
 teachers, stenographers, students and others. This 
 force was available at all times during the draft 
 board's labors and in the aggregate contributed sev- 
 eral thousand dollars' worth of free service as their 
 part in winning the war. 
 
 The first list of registrants called for examina- 
 tion and classification was announced July 20, 1917, 
 and numbered 300. From this list Martin County's 
 first quota of 151 men was supplied. The first man 
 called was William H. Winzcnburg, of Granada. He 
 did not appear as lie had already volunteered in the 
 navy. Several others proved to be already in ser- 
 vice, a number of them in Co. E. 
 
 The first quota was called for examination on Aug. 
 7th. The examinations were held at the court house 
 in Fairmont. Drs. W. J. Richardson, iGeo. W. 
 Dewey and R. C. Hunt conducted the physical ex- 
 aminations, assisted by a detail of soldiers from Co. 
 E, then in camp at the Martin County fair grounds. 
 More than one half of the men examined at this 
 
 n 
 
time claimed exemption or were rejected for physi- 
 cal reasons. Most of the exemption claims were 
 by married men though a considerable number 
 claimed to be supporting dependent parents. Most 
 of the claims of the latter character were without 
 proper foundation. A few made claims of myste- 
 rious and intangible physical disabilities, which were 
 quickly detected as being feigned. Aug. Swanson 
 of Sherburn claimed exemption on religious grounds. 
 One clergyman was excused. Of those excused for 
 physical disqualifications a number were later ac- 
 cepted, some of them going into service as volun- 
 teers. 
 
 The board examined 214 men at this time. They 
 classified as follows: Accepted for service, no ex- 
 emption claimed, 92; claimed exemption, 75; rejected 
 for physical causes, 34; placed in deferred classi- 
 fication, 13; the men summoned to appear numbered 
 300. The remaining 86, not accounted for above, 
 were either already in service, examined elsewhere 
 or not present for other reasons. The average re- 
 sult in classification at this examination held good 
 with other increments examined at later dates. 
 
 Unfortunately tliere are no official records of the 
 Martin County Draft Board a\'ailable for consulta- 
 tion, as all papers and supplies were shipped to the 
 War Department at Washington at the conclusion 
 of the board's activities early in 1919. In all there 
 were inducted by the local board about 675 men. 
 They left in successive increments for the several 
 camps and upon dates as follows: 
 
 Date Camp Number 
 
 Sept. 21, 1917 Camp Dodge, Iowa 70 
 
 Feb. 26, 1918 Camp Dodge, Iowa 72 
 
 April 6, 1918 Cincinnati. Ohio 13 
 
 April 30, 1918 Camp Dodge, Iowa 32 
 
 May 2, 1918 Columbus Barracks, Ohio 16 
 
 May 26, 1918 Camp Lewis. Washington 54 
 
 June 5, 1918 University of Minnesota 9 
 
 June 15, 1918 Valparaiso, Indiana 5 
 
 June 25, 1918 Camp Grant, Illinois 129 
 
 July 26, 1918 Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 57 
 
 Aug. 9, 1918 Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 8 
 
 Aug. 15, 1918 University of Minnesota 6 
 
 Aug. 26, 1918 Camp Grant, Illinois 13 
 
 Sept. 3, 1918 Camp Grant. Illinois 4 
 
 Sept. 5, 1918 Camp Grant, Illinois 39 
 
 Oct. 22, 1918 Camp Forrest, Ga. 35 
 
 Oct. 25, 1918 Camp Cody, N. M. 13 
 
 In addition to the inductions above listed there 
 were scattering cases to the number of about 100. 
 These numbered voluntary inductions, men inducted 
 for other draft boards and a small number who were 
 at least technically draft evaders. The latter class 
 were nearly all non-residents of the county. About 
 25 were checked into service for other boards while 
 perhaps 15 Martin County men were inducted else- 
 where for the Martin County board. 
 
 Only one man forcibly inducted was convicted as a 
 draft evader, so far as known. He was a transient at 
 Fairmont, named Steiner. His actual home is sup- 
 posed to have been at Milwaukee. He was con- 
 victed by court-martial at Camp Dodge and sen- 
 tenced to serve a long term. He was pardoned after 
 the war ended. Thirty were "constructively in- 
 ducted," that is, they did not appear and were certified 
 to the department of justice, with all the facts known 
 in each particular case. Many and perhaps all the 
 men in this class were already in service when their 
 names were called so it is doubtful if there are 
 among them any who classify as deserters or draft 
 evaders. All cases of this character are under in- 
 vestigation by the department of justice at the time 
 this book is published. 
 
 It is a matter of pride to Martin County that so 
 far as has ever been disclosed no man among those 
 of her citizens who was in army or navy was ever 
 tried for or convicted of desertion. The record is 
 
 that every man, whether volunteer or selected, did 
 his full military duty loyally and well. 
 
 Up to Nov. 1, 1917, the three original members 
 of the draft board were required to devote nearly 
 their entire time to their official duties, to the ex- 
 clusion of private affairs. On that date relief was 
 given by the assignment of a permanent clerk, se- 
 lected for his ability, who was on duty at all times 
 until discharged March 1, 1919. This clerk was M. C. 
 Dalton, a lifelong resident of the county. He was 
 appointed by Governor Burnquist. On Sept. 19. 1918, 
 the war department gave further assistance by assign- 
 ing to duty in the offices of the board Private George 
 H. Vetter of Mankato. Private Vetter was a lim- 
 ited service soldier, a former banker, and an expe- 
 rienced and competent clerk. He remained on duty 
 until discharged in February, 1919. 
 
 In January, 1918, a valuable voluntary adjunct to 
 the draft board activities was added by the forma- 
 tion of training classes in Fairmont. The movement 
 was inaugurated on Jan. 23, when 334 young men 
 from all parts of the county were feted and instructed 
 at the county seat. Classes were organized in special 
 branches with competent volunteer civilian instruct- 
 ors and the rudiments of military drill were given. 
 Over 200 selected men took advantage of this in- 
 struction, which they found of the greatest value to 
 them when called to service later. 
 
 The second registration was held June 5, 1918, 
 when all men of the county who had attained their 
 21st birthday since the first registration were required 
 to appear before the draft board and be listed. A 
 second similar registration was held on .\ug. 24. 1918. 
 On Sept. 12, 1918, there was a general registration at 
 all of the polling places in the county for men be- 
 tween the ages of 18 to 21, and 31 to 45. In this 
 registration many fathers and sons registered to- 
 gether, also many men who already had sons in the 
 service. None of the men registered at this time 
 were ever called. The total registration of the coun- 
 ty was as follows: 
 
 Date Age No. 
 
 June 5, 1917 21 to 31 2058 
 
 June 5, 1918 21 179 
 
 Aug. 24, 1918 21 44 
 
 Sept. 12, 1918 18-21 31-45 2370 
 
 Total registrants 4651 
 
 The board was in practically continuous session 
 from its creation May 9, 1917, until the armistice. 
 No day passed that it did not have its duties and 
 problems. Its members were often called out of 
 their beds to hear some applicant's plea for exemp- 
 tion or deferred classification or some similar mat- 
 ter. Their duties were always performed with jus- 
 tice and good judgment and their conclusions were 
 seldom overruled by the district board of other high- 
 er authority. At the termination of their duties they 
 were highly commended in a special communication 
 from General E. H. Crowder, the Provost Marshal 
 General. 
 
 When the armistice came their active duties ended. 
 There was at that time a quota of 14 men in readi- 
 ness to send to camp but this order was cancelled. 
 For several weeks following Nov. 11, 1918, the of- 
 fices of the board at the Martin County Court 
 House, the use thereof donated by the county com- 
 missioners, remained open in charge of Chief Clerk 
 Dalton. There were numerous and voluminous re- 
 ports to make, records to be classified and cliecked, 
 supplies to pack and the general loose ends of the 
 organization cleaned up. Finally in February, 1919, 
 the final inspection and O. K. was made by an offi- 
 cer from the office of the Provost Marshal General 
 and the records shipped to Washington. With the 
 discharge of Chief Clerk Dalton March 1, 1919, the 
 draft board ceased to e.xist, with a record of onerous, 
 exacting and oftentimes unpleasant duties, faith- 
 fully and well performed. 
 
 12 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Martin County Men and Women in the Service 
 
 From the standpoint of mental, moral and physical 
 qualifications no finer personnel was foimd in any 
 of the forces engaged in the World War than that 
 which came from Martin County. It was found by 
 official records compiled by the Provost Marshal 
 General that the Mississippi valley states, which in- 
 clude Minnesota, furnished men of higher physical 
 and mental types than any other part of the nation. 
 Minnesota and Martin County stand at the very top 
 in this favored area in which America's man power 
 is proven at its best. In Martin County less than 
 20 per cent of the men called under the selective 
 draft were found physically or otherwise disqual- 
 ified. In some of the far western and New England 
 states the percentage of rejections was as high as 
 50 per cent. The high standard of the men from 
 Martin County is admittedly due to the almost ideal 
 conditions of climate, vocation and education that 
 tend best to develop the finest physiques and men- 
 talities. 
 
 Illiteracy was negligible among the Alartin Coun- 
 ty men. It amounted to much less than one per 
 cent. Mental qualifications were exceptionally high 
 when compared with the country at large. About 
 95 per cent of the men had attained the si.\th grade 
 or higher in their educations. The average age of 
 the men on entering service was close to 23 years. 
 Many enlisted at an age under 21, some as young as 
 seventeen and less. There are among the volun- 
 teers about a dozen who had reached forty or over. 
 The oldest to serve was 47. 
 
 All of this county's service men were of the white 
 race. Nearly all were American born but instances 
 are fairly numerous where the service man was na- 
 tive of a foreign country. Of the foreign born there 
 were more from the Scandinavian countries than 
 elsewhere. Other countries whose sons served as 
 American soldiers from here are England, Russia, 
 Greece and Germany. It was noticeable that few 
 non-citizens of draft age claimed exemption on that 
 ground. About thirty soldiers completed their nat- 
 uralization in the service and a few were discharged 
 still citizens of a foreign country, completing their 
 citizenship after discharge. A very high percent- 
 age of the men were born and had lived all their 
 lives in Martin County. 
 
 More of the men were of German parentage than 
 of any other nationality. Next in number were those 
 whose parents had emi,grated from Sweden. Other 
 countries appearing numerously in the extraction of 
 the soldiers and sailors are Norway, Denmark, Ire- 
 land and Poland. A smaller number were from fam- 
 ilies originating in England and Canada, and there 
 were isolated instances representing other coun- 
 tries. But regardless of what nation their forebears 
 may have come from, all entered the service of this 
 country as real Americans and as such tliey splen- 
 didly acquitted themselves. 
 
 Being a distinctively rural community the farms 
 of Martin County gave more than half of the men 
 who went into service. Every trade, business and 
 profession furnished recruits. The professions were 
 represented far in excess of their proportionate num- 
 ber. 
 
 It is interesting to note that only in a single in- 
 stance was a father and son found serving from 
 Martin County. From each of twenty homes three 
 brothers went into service. There were 128 pairs 
 of brothers, in three instances the pairs being twins. 
 Three families sent four sons. 
 
 Aside from the company of National Guard that 
 entered service as a unit at Fairmont few of the men 
 
 had previous military experience. More than half 
 of the Guard company were recruits. A small num- 
 ber had received some training in college cadet com- 
 panies. There were a very few men who had served 
 previous enlistments in the regular army and some 
 others who had formerly trained in the National 
 Guard. Three men had served in the Spanish-Amer- 
 ican war. 
 
 Forty-seven Martin County men served as officers, 
 five of these in the navy. Four entered service with 
 commissions in the National Guard, which were con- 
 firmed by the war department. One other had 
 served previously as a National Guard officer. The 
 others were wholly without previous experience 
 with commissioned rank though of those commis- 
 sioned in the service fifteen had served in the Na- 
 tional Guard, nearly all as non-commissioned officers. 
 Twenty-nine of those commissioned graduated from 
 reserve officers' training schools. One was commis- 
 sioned from the ranks on recommendation of his 
 commanding officer. Eight obtained their grade 
 on their civil qualifications as phj'sicians, two as 
 veterinarians and two as dentists. One was com- 
 missioned direct from civil life. The number in va- 
 rious commissioned grades were as follows: 
 
 Majors l Second Lieutenants ...21 
 
 Captains 10 Ensign 3 
 
 First Lieutenants ....12 
 
 Twenty-three of these officers were in the infan- 
 try, which includes service with machine gun com- 
 mands. Seven were in medical service with the army 
 and two with the navy. Two were army dentists 
 and two veterinarians with the artillery. Three 
 were commissioned in the air service, three in the 
 navy, and one each in the adjutant general's depart- 
 ment, signal corps, artillery, cavalry and quarter- 
 master corps. 
 
 The men of the county were distributed through- 
 out every branch, department and special unit in 
 the service. Naturally much tlie greater number 
 went to the infantry. Co. E, 136th Infantry, 34th 
 Division, was originally comprised almost entirely 
 of Martin County men but becoming a replacement 
 unit the command lost its identity late in the war. 
 Large numbers of the selective service men went 
 originally to the 88th Division, but to a large extent 
 were transferred to the 30th and other Divisions. A 
 number equally large were assigned to the 86th 
 Division, many of these being used on arrival in 
 France as replacements for the 77th, 78th and other 
 Divisions. A considerable increment were assigned 
 to the 91st Division, many of them being transferred 
 however, to the 40th. Other divisions in which the 
 county was well represented were the 33rd, 42nd 
 and 87th. The 54th Pioneer Infantry contained 
 about fifty Martin County men, nearly all in Head- 
 quarters Company. 
 
 .\rtillery men from here were found most numer- 
 ously in that arm of the 86th Division. Through 
 transfer many formerly in the infantry finally filled 
 the ranks in the artillery of the 33d Division. 
 
 Study of the individual records forming a part of 
 this chapter will disclose that Martin County was 
 represented in nearly every division organized, as 
 well as in numerous non-divisional organizations. 
 
 The training camps in the United States at which 
 our men in considerable numbers were prepared for 
 combat service were many and widely distributed. 
 The camps receiving the largest number were: Cody, 
 New Mexico; Dodge, Iowa; Grant, Illinois; Lewis, 
 Washington; Kearney, California; Sevier, S. C; 
 MacArthur, Logan and Travis, Texas. However, 
 
 13 
 
there was no concentration camp in tlie country that 
 was not reached at some period by Martin County 
 men. 
 
 Records have been compiled on l,3(i.'i men and 
 women of Martin County who were in military ser- 
 vice. This number is not claimed as absolutely ac- 
 curate as no records exist from which the exact num- 
 ber can be determined. Definite place of residence 
 cannot in every case be determined and there are 
 other minor elements of uncertainty. .\lIowing for 
 all such contingencies the figure given can be taken 
 as substantially accurate. 
 
 Martin County's population in 1917 is estimated at 
 20,000. It follows therefore that the proportion of 
 persons in service was about one in sixteen. 1,14;! 
 were in the army. 85 in the navy, 28 in the marines, 
 8 in the Canadian forces and T women nurse?. 
 
 Rather more than 50 per cent saw service with the 
 American Expeditionary Forces. The preliminary 
 training period varied greatly. Many of those who 
 departed early in the war remained in U. S. camps 
 for a year or more before embarking. Some served 
 as long as two years without leaving the States. 
 Later draft increments, notably that of July 26, 1918, 
 spent scarcely a month in training on this side be- 
 fore finding themselves at the front. 
 
 The earliest of our men to see action at the front 
 were those in the 1st, 2nd and 42nd Divisions, who 
 first went under fire in February and Marcli. 1918. 
 Their numbers were inconsiderable. The Somme 
 Defensive, Lys, .\isne, Montdidier-Xoyon, Cham- 
 pagne-Marne, Aisne-Marne, Somme Offensive and 
 Oise-Aisne, which actions occurred successively from 
 March 21st to August 18th, saw our boys at the 
 battle front in increasing numbers. Our first wound- 
 ed appeared in the casualty lists for June and the 
 first battle deaths occurred in July. It was not un- 
 til St. Mihiel, Sept. 12 to 16, that our men were en- 
 gaged in large numbers. That offensive brought 
 Martin County but few casualties. The great 
 
 Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept. 26 to Nov. 11th, saw 
 the maximum participation in the fighting by Mar- 
 tin County soldiers and it was in this struggle that 
 most of our battle deaths occurred. 
 
 On every front, including the Italian and in Si- 
 beria there were men whose homes are here. After 
 the armistice several hundred marched into Ger- 
 many with tlie Army of Occupation. Some were as- 
 signed to Prisoner of War Escort companies and 
 remained in France for a year after the armistice. 
 
 By August 1, 1919, nearly all had returned home. 
 Since that date there have been scattering arrivals 
 and at the time this is written, July, 1920, scarcely a 
 dozen remain with the colors, only two of whom are 
 known to be still abroad. 
 
 Fifty of the county's young men gave their lives 
 in tlie service, forty-nine of these in the army and 
 one in the navy. But one officer lost his life. 
 Twenty-eight of the deaths were caused by disease, 
 twenty were killed in action and two met accidental 
 death. Twelve died at various camps in the United 
 States, the remainder abroad. All but one of the 
 deaths by disease were from pneumonia and most 
 of these deaths occurred in October and November, 
 1918, during the influenza epidemic. So far as 
 known but one Martin County man was taken pris- 
 oner. The number of wounded is not definitely 
 known but approximates 150, whicli includes gas 
 casualties. 
 
 About a score returned permanently disabled from 
 wounds. The other wounded made complete re- 
 covery. About one hundred have developed per- 
 manent disability through disease contracted in the 
 service. 
 
 Following is the complete alphabetical roster of 
 Martin County people who were connected with anj' 
 branch of the military service. Army, navy, marines, 
 Canadians, service women and Y. M. C. A. secre- 
 taries are listed in separate sections. 
 
 ARMY 
 
 Abel, Charles C. 
 Adams, Lee 
 Adams, Vernon 
 Agerbeck, Soren 
 Albert, Ernest L. 
 Aldrich, Mack 
 yAlexander, Ivan G. 
 Allen, Arthur C. 
 Allen, Harry 
 Allen, Leo 
 Allen, William W. 
 Aim, Fred C. 
 .Alsworth, Malcom C. 
 Ammann, Gilbert J. 
 Anderson, Albert E. 
 Anderson, Alfred J. 
 Anderson, Andrew 
 Anderson, Andrew E. 
 Anderson, Andrew L. 
 Anderson, Clifford T. 
 Anderson, Eskil A. 
 Anderson, Eskil E. 
 Anderson, Herbert C. 
 Anderson, Hjalmar G. 
 Anderson, Hjalmar H. 
 Anderson, James C. 
 Anderson, Jens C. C. 
 Anderson, John V. 
 Anderson, Lars A. 
 Anderson, Lloyd R. 
 Anderson, Nels P. 
 Anderson, Thomas J. 
 Anderson, Thor G. 
 Andross, Roy L. 
 Antonson, Albert E. 
 
 .•\ntonson, Gustaf 
 Antonson, Ivar 
 Appelquist, Henry E. 
 Armstrong, Allen C. 
 Aronson, Anton 
 Atwood, Allen E. 
 Axford, Harold 
 Bagley, Carl E. 
 Bagley, Wellington S. 
 Bailey, Lyn R. 
 Bair, Franklin A. 
 Baker, George W. 
 Banke, Leonard 
 Rarowiak, Joseph 
 Barnes, .Arthur J. 
 Barnett, Lyn A. 
 Bartling, George A. 
 Barto, Leroy A. 
 Barto, Ralph 
 Bassett, Glen 
 Bassett, Leroy 
 Bassett, Osker 
 Bassett, Jay P. 
 Bates, Frank R. 
 Battern, Norman O. 
 Beckendorf, Edward C. 
 Beckendorf, Ernest H. 
 Becker, Lyle E. 
 Becker, Walter J. 
 Becker, William A. 
 Behrens, Henry G. C. 
 Benjamin, Thomas E. 
 Bennett, Richard T. 
 Benton, Loren W. 
 Benway, Frank A. 
 
 Berg, .\rthur E. 
 Berndtson. Johan C. 
 Bird, Robert W. 
 Blachowski, Peter J. 
 Blanck, Carl G. 
 Bleakley, Joseph W. 
 Blencoe, Claud H. 
 Boesch. John A. 
 Bochncn, George F. 
 Bonek, Emil R. W, 
 Bomboy, Homer D. 
 Boosalis, Gus A. 
 Boosalis, Gus C. 
 Bork, Albert M. 
 Bork, Max D. 
 Bork, Theo. A. 
 Boyce, Harold J. 
 Boyce, William R. 
 Boynton, Floyd R. 
 Braun, Edward C. 
 Bradfish, Walter J. 
 Brecht, Arnold W. 
 Brinkman, .'Vdolph G. 
 Brinkman, Henry W. 
 Brinkman, Herman H. 
 Brinkman, Julius 
 Brix, Fred G. 
 Brix, John P. 
 Brock, Robert P. 
 Brockman, George P. 
 Brockman, Ralph R. 
 Brockman, Raymond S. 
 Brockman, Sidney M. 
 Brodt, Chester H. 
 Brolsma, Herman 
 
 Bronson, Hugh E. 
 Brooks, Dale L. 
 Brooks, W. Donald 
 Brown, Arvid 
 Brown, Ernest G. 
 Brown, Harold H. 
 Brown, Harold L. 
 Brown, Hume W. 
 Brown, Keith M. 
 Brummond, Rooert J. 
 Broun, Archibald C. 
 Broun, Percy H. 
 Brutsch, George C. 
 Buchanan, Jesse W. 
 Buckholz. Vincent A. 
 Buggy, George F. 
 Burgess, William J, 
 Burns, Arlo E. 
 Burnson, Cornell 
 Burton, Leonard V. A. 
 Bush. George 
 Butler, Donald E. 
 Butler, Jesse D. 
 Campe, Oscar A. 
 Cameron, Daniel L. 
 Campbell, John N. 
 Canon, Clarence H. 
 Carey, Herbert L. 
 Carlberg, John H. 
 Carlson, .^mos 
 Carlson, Andrew 
 Carlson, Carl A. 
 Carlson, Carl J. 
 Carlson, David 
 Carlson, Edward C. 
 
 14 
 
Carlson, Frank N. 
 Carlson, George D. 
 Carlson, Johannes E. 
 Carlson, Ruben C. 
 Carlson. William H. 
 Carrol, Michael J. 
 Carrol, Patrick L. 
 Carpenter, Lloyd A. 
 Carver, Walter F. 
 Cassidy, John M. 
 Catlin, Allin 
 Celander, Vcnner A. 
 Champine, Earl W. 
 Champine, Percy L. 
 Chantland, H. D. 
 Cheenev, Frank 
 Chesley, Albert B. 
 Christian, Ceorge S. 
 Christian, Joe W. 
 Christian. O. C. 
 Christensen, And. M. L. 
 Christensen, Iven H. 
 Christensen, Jens A. 
 Christianson, Harold 
 Clark, Harry 
 Clausen, Axel R. C. 
 Clemetson. Theodore 
 Clifford, Edwin J. 
 Clifford, Frank M. 
 Clifford, Henry W. 
 Cole, Vernie R. 
 Comstock. Vernon L. 
 Conlin, Arthur 
 Cook, Burns E. 
 Cook, Donald H. 
 Cook, Walter K. 
 Corbin, Murray 
 Cordes, Carl G. 
 Cordes, Henry H. 
 Cory, Keith M. 
 Cory, Quimby A. 
 Cotton, Harold F. 
 Coult, Lyman H. 
 Craig, Claude A. 
 Cronin, Earl 
 Crooker. Harold N. 
 Crooker, Sylvan J. 
 Culshaw. Robert 
 Currier. Cyrus P. 
 Curtis, Thomas H. 
 Dafifer, Freeman W. 
 Daffer, Ray H. 
 Dahnke, Louis A. 
 Damgaard. John T. H. 
 Dammann, Christian J. 
 Dammann, Henry 
 Daniels, Earl B. 
 Davey, Louis E. 
 Davis, Clarence E. 
 Davis, Nord W. 
 Day, Horace W. 
 Day, Marcus F. 
 Dean, Robert L. 
 Decker, William N. 
 Deering, Frank .A. 
 Deinhardt, Charley 
 Deunsing, Elmer F. 
 De Vries, John F. 
 Dewey, George W. 
 Dibble, Ray B. 
 Dickman, Willie 
 Diehl, Alvin L. 
 Diehl, Ulysses R. 
 Diekman, Edward C. 
 Diekman, Henry 
 Diekman, Louis H. 
 Ditsworth, Lawrence E. 
 Dittman, Otto 
 
 Doms, Wesley E. 
 Donovan, Edward F. 
 Donovan, George J. 
 Dorothy, Glen G. 
 Dougherty. Frank E. 
 Downey, John C. 
 Downey, Samuel V. 
 Drager, John A. 
 Drager, Roy W. 
 Drake, Harry M. 
 Drewes. Fred W. 
 Drewes, Henry F. 
 Duncan, Dolphy H. 
 Dukes, Amos 
 Duval, Logan 
 Ebeling, Frederick D. 
 Eckerson. Carl A. 
 Eckmann, Henry J. 
 Eckmann, William H. 
 Edwards, Harold G. 
 Edwards. Harrison P. 
 Edwards. Jack C. 
 Edwards. John 
 Edwards, Kenneth F. 
 Edwards, William J. 
 Ehn, Gust E. 
 Ehn. Thure F. 
 Eisenmenger. R. F. 
 Ekstrand. Artluir L. 
 Ellis, William A. 
 Ellworth. Leo J. 
 Ericson. August H. 
 Erickson, C. E. 
 Erickson, Ever L. 
 Erickson. George C. 
 Ewen. Elmer J. 
 Faber, Pierre C. 
 Fallert. Robert P. 
 Farm, Andrew A. 
 Farm, Clarence E. 
 Feeley, Frank J. 
 Feeley, Roy B. 
 Fenrich, Fred A. 
 Fenrich, William J. 
 Fenton, Charley 
 Fillmore, Albert E. 
 Findlcy, Gain R. 
 Findley, Joe D. 
 Fitz. Howard K. 
 Fitz. O. E. 
 Fstzsimmons, Carl P. 
 Fitzsimmons. Earl P. 
 Flo. Floyd F. 
 Flo. Regnald R. 
 Fogarty. Edward C. 
 Fogarty. Eugene J. 
 Foley. William T. 
 FoUette. Simon A. 
 Fokheim. Amos M. 
 Forsberg, C. J. 
 Forstrom. Edward C. 
 Forstrom. Leonard W. 
 Foss, Cyril B. 
 Fowler, Harland E. 
 Frank, George C. 
 Frederick, L. E. 
 Frederiksmose, Ainer J. 
 Freeman. Lynn A. 
 Freer. Glen O. 
 Freitag, William A. 
 French, Willis R. 
 Frieberg. Walter A. 
 Fritz, Walter 
 Gardner, Asa T. 
 Gardner, Benj. H. 
 Gardner, Rex 
 Garry, Lee F. 
 Gaworski, Leo 
 
 Gerstman. Emil 
 Gerstman. Gustav 
 Gerth, Edwin P. 
 Gerth, Henry J. 
 Gideon, Fremont 
 Gideon, Nason E. 
 Gieseke. Henry C. 
 Gilbertson. Melville C. 
 Gilnian, Lawrence B. 
 Goering. Jerome J. 
 Goerndt. Charlie P. 
 Goetz. Roland O. 
 Goetz. Temple M. 
 Goraczkowski, John M. 
 Gordon, Clinton C. 
 Gordon. Harry 
 Gordonier. Oliver C. 
 Gould. Calvin H. 
 Gould. Edwin G. 
 Gould. Howard F. 
 Gould, Orrin E. 
 Gradberg. Ernest G. 
 Gragensky. Nathan 
 Graham. Wesley H. 
 Grant, Chester C. 
 Grant, William C. 
 Graue, A. 
 Gray, Herbert E. 
 Greeley, Ivan S. 
 Greenig. Merlin D. 
 Grefe, Theodore F. 
 Greupner, Fred H. 
 Grewe, Lewis E. 
 Grewe, William H. 
 Griflfis, Gordon O. 
 Groom. Abe 
 Grossman. Herbert O. 
 Groth. Alfred E. 
 Groth. Herman A. 
 Groth. Walter H. 
 Guest, Clinton O. 
 Gunderslev. Chris 
 Gustavson. Laurence 
 Haeckel, Chris A. 
 Hagen. Christ C. 
 Hall, Raymond B. 
 Hall. Robert C. 
 Hall. William F. 
 Hallgren. Frank H. 
 Hallstrom. Albert 
 Halterman. Earl 
 Hamblen. Clarence C. 
 Hanley, Lester E. 
 Hanneman, Phil. G. 
 Hansen, Christian 
 Hansen, Niels 
 Hansen. Peter C. 
 Hanson. Carl B. 
 Harder. Henry A. 
 Harnden. Chester L. 
 Harnden. Sidney P. 
 Haraldson, Ivar A. 
 Hartman, Elmer 
 Hartman. Martin F. 
 Hassing, Roy L. 
 Hastings, Charles E. 
 Hayworth, Werley J. 
 Heasley. John O. 
 Heft. Mathew 
 Heiges. David W. 
 Hein. Adolph H. 
 Helgilund. John 
 Helgilund, Nels 
 Helle, Clark 
 Helmke. Ruben C. R. 
 Hendrickson, Chris L. 
 Henton, Bernie C. 
 Herrmann. John M. 
 
 Herrmann, Siegfried F. 
 Hervey, Ray H. 
 Hextell, Bernard 
 Hildebrand. Carl 
 Hilgendorf. Emil W. 
 Hilken, William J. 
 Hill, Arthur A. 
 Hill. Ray M. 
 Hiller, Otto H. 
 Hillman, Edward J. 
 Hines. Cecil J. 
 Hines, John F. 
 Hines. Lyle W. 
 Hines. Theodore J. 
 Hines. William A. 
 Hines. William H. 
 Hinton, John H. 
 Hinz, John 
 Hinz, William C. 
 Hoffman, Albert E. 
 Hokanson, Wilhelm 
 Holden, Christian F. 
 Holden. John 
 Holden. Otto M. 
 Hollett. Willis 
 Holmstrom. Edward 
 Holtz. Roy 
 Hoover, Frederick L. 
 Houfer, Henry F. 
 Houfer, Martin T. 
 Houghtaling, .And. L. 
 Howard. Fred E. 
 Howard, John L. 
 Howard, Joseph W. 
 Howard. Leo 
 Howard. Marshal L 
 Howell. David S. 
 Hudson, .\lbert H. 
 Hudson, Clarence 
 Huemoellet, Carl A. 
 Huffman. John 
 Hughes, Harry O. 
 Hulbert. Loman T. 
 Hunt, Walter H. 
 Hunte, August F. 
 Hurt, Barney R. 
 Hybbert. William T. 
 Hyde. Lloyd E. 
 Hytry, Peter J. 
 Ireland. J. M. 
 Jacobsen. Nels C. 
 Jahn. Jolm R. 
 James. Clifford 
 Jardine. .Archie W. 
 Jeffries. Clair N. 
 Jeffries. Roy D. 
 Jensen, Anton 
 Jensen. Arthur P. 
 Jensen, Nels W. 
 Jernberg, Fridolph J. 
 Jernberg. Gus H. 
 Jernberg. Hjalmer E. 
 Jerrow. Robert J. 
 John, Talley E. 
 Johnson, Albert J. 
 Johnson, Arvid G. 
 Johnson, August W. 
 Johnson, Chris 
 Johnson, Clarence M. 
 Jolmson, Donald M. 
 Johnson, Edward M. 
 Johnson, Fred J. 
 Johnson, Henry R. 
 Johnson, John 
 Johnson, John 
 Johnson, John W. 
 Johnson, Lawrence 
 Johnson, Oscar L. 
 
 15 
 
Jokie. H. H. 
 
 Jones, Arthur 
 
 Jones, Ernest 
 
 Jones, Frank O. 
 
 Jones, Glenn A. 
 
 Jones. John E. 
 
 Jorgenson, Christian S. 
 
 Jorgensen, Eli M. 
 
 Jorgenson, Harry A. 
 
 Juhl, Chris H. 
 
 Kahler, Freddie H. 
 
 Kahler, Edward L. 
 
 Kahler. Harry H. 
 
 Kantack. Bennie P. 
 
 Kantack. Joseph 
 
 Kasperson, Louie M. 
 
 Kaminski. Frank 
 
 Keeler, Williarh N. 
 
 Keith. Lester 
 
 Keithahn, Ralph D. 
 
 Kellander, Knute S. 
 
 Kellerman, William F. 
 Kelh'. Edward P. 
 Kellv, James E. 
 Kelly. Thad E. 
 Kelz, Andrew C. 
 Kent. Clarence E. 
 Kennedy. Josepli A. 
 Kennedy. John P. 
 Kesler, Paul S. 
 Kessler, Frank 
 Kibbe. Lawrence E. 
 Kietzer. Edwin A. 
 
 Kilbride. Leo 
 Kitzerow. Elmer H. 
 Kleinschmidt, A. E. 
 Kleinschmidt, G. A. 
 Klenz, Walter F. 
 Klug, Paul C. 
 Klusendorf. Henry R. 
 Klusendorf. Herman F. 
 Knockenus. Fred 
 Knoll. Edward E. 
 Knoll. Fred J. 
 Knudsen. Knute C. 
 Knuth. William E. 
 Koch, John 
 Koch. Louis E. 
 Koenecke. Charlie 
 Koerner. William H. 
 Kolb, Otto H. 
 Korolewski, Stanley A. 
 Kotewa. Stanlej' E. 
 Kraft. George AL 
 Kramer, August E. 
 Kramer. Carl C. 
 Krause. Oswald O. 
 Kroenke. H. O. 
 Krueger, Chas. L. 
 Krcuger, Herman P. 
 Krumholz, Elbert E. 
 Krumholz, John 
 Krumholz, Louis J. 
 Kruniwiede, Otto A. 
 Kruse, Claude J. 
 Kruse, Lloyd R. 
 Kruse. Vernon M. 
 Kuether. Herbert F. 
 KulTcI. Felix J. 
 Kujuwa. John 
 Kumle. Anton C. 
 Kuntz, Roy F. 
 Ladd. Edgar J. 
 Ladd. Sherman A. 
 Lade. Louis C. 
 La Due. Jay B. 
 Lande. Elmer D. 
 Landsteiner, Joseph 
 
 Lane, Ertle C. 
 
 Langeland, Henry O. 
 
 Lappin. Basil F. 
 
 Lappin, Cletus C. 
 
 Larsen, George A. 
 
 Larsen, Holger A. 
 
 Larsen, Nels E. 
 
 Larson, Soren V. 
 
 Larson, Albin F. 
 
 Larson, Albert H. 
 
 Larson, Carl 
 
 Larson, Hjalmar 
 
 Larson, Milton J. 
 
 Larson, Olaf A. 
 
 Larson. Oscar H. 
 
 Lasker, Max M. 
 
 Lasker, Milton 
 
 Lavrence, Edward G. 
 
 Lauer, Louis J. 
 
 Laursen. Christ 
 
 LefFingwell. Elmer J. 
 
 Lee, Gisle J. 
 
 Lee, Royal E. 
 
 Lehman. Edward G. 
 
 Leibfried. Frank M. 
 
 Lemke. Albert 
 Lemke. Otto L. 
 Leng, Leor E. 
 Leonard. LaVere 
 Lesch. Arthur C. 
 Levik. Reinert 
 Lewellen. Harvie R. 
 Lewis. Cecil 
 Lewis, Ralph W. 
 Lidtke. Edwin A. 
 Lindel. Emil 
 Lindell. Harry G. 
 Lintelman. W. F. J. 
 Livingston. James V. 
 Lockard. Lloyd C. 
 Lofstedt. Einar S. 
 Loomer, Herbert D. 
 Looney, Louis K. 
 Lorig, Fred ^L 
 Loring. Ray S. 
 Lowe. R. C. 
 Lubenow, Fred H. 
 Luedtke, Gustav H. 
 Luedtke, Henry W. 
 Lundberg. Carl A. 
 Lundgren. Paul W. 
 Lyons. Andrew M. 
 Maass. William B. 
 Maday, Constantine M. 
 Maday, Frank S. 
 Madge. Charles H. 
 Madsen. Andrew M. 
 Alagnu'son, Fred A. 
 IMagnuson. George H. 
 Maillard, Julius M. 
 Malmen, John 
 Male, Herbert H. 
 Malherek, Joseph 
 Malherek. Peter E. 
 Malherek, Robert M. 
 Mangun, George R. 
 Mangun, Gordon J. 
 Marley, Ernest L. 
 Martens. George H. 
 Martin, Edwin 
 Martin, Jake 
 Maschoff, Arthur H. 
 Maschoff. Paul A. 
 Masters, William C. 
 Matson, Charles C. 
 ^latson, Sidney S. 
 ^Latthias, August E. 
 Mattoon, Arthur E. 
 
 Mauris, Joseph C. 
 McCarron, Basil W. 
 ^IcCarron, JNIillard A. 
 McCormick. Ralph 
 McCotter, William J. 
 McCune. Robert H. 
 McDermott, George H. 
 McDonough. Bart E. 
 !\IcFarland. Harry M. 
 Mclalwain, Clarence L. 
 McMahon. Frank L. 
 McMurtry, Orlo L. 
 McNea, Percy L. 
 !McNerney, John L. 
 Aleddy. Arthur 
 Memborg. Anthony 
 Meyer. Alvin H. 
 Jleyer, August 
 Mej'er, August L. 
 Meyer, Carl A. 
 Meyer, Fred W. 
 Meyer, Harry C. 
 Meyer, William C. 
 Meyer. William H. 
 Michelsen. Alfred W. 
 Mikelson. Helmer 
 Milbrandt. Alvin P. 
 Milbrandt, Edward C. 
 Milbrandt, Edwin B. 
 Miller. Bert W. 
 Miller. Cecil E. 
 Miller. Harry E. 
 :\Iiller, Harold G. 
 Miller, Henrv F. 
 Miller, John A. 
 Miller, L. L. 
 :\riller. Leslie M. 
 Miller, Lvle B. 
 Miller, Ralph D. 
 Miller. William H. 
 Miller, William R. 
 Minick, Roy W. 
 Minor, Harry H. 
 ^^itchel!, James C. 
 Mittelstedt, Alfred 
 Moeller, Alvin E. 
 Molesky. John 
 Moody, Truman M. 
 Monk. Otto O. 
 Moore. Howard R. 
 Moore. John L. 
 Moore, ^'irgil E. 
 Moore, Wilbur C. 
 Moore, William H. 
 Morgan, Alfred L. 
 ^lorrow, James G. 
 Murra\-. Donovan D. 
 Murray, George G. 
 Musser, Clair W. 
 ^lussman, Vernon C. 
 Mj'ers, Frank A. 
 Myhr. Henry 
 Narum. Oscar G. 
 Nassen, Adolph J. 
 Nelson, Arthur E. 
 Nelson, Arthur J. 
 Nelson, Arthur M. 
 Nelson, Oscar L. 
 Nelson. Victor R. 
 Neunschwander, Albert 
 Neumann. Henry J. 
 Neumann, Theodore F. 
 Nielsen. Albert 
 Nielsen, Christian J. 
 Nielsen, Holger 
 Nielsen, Louis 
 Nielsen, Otto 
 Nielsen, William 
 
 Nicholson, Edof 
 
 Niss. Henry F. 
 
 Nolte. Harold H. 
 
 Nordhausen, August H. 
 
 Nordhausen, Ernest A. 
 
 Nottoson. Ole 
 
 Nowak. John M. 
 
 Nowak, Tony 
 
 Nugent, Edward A. 
 
 Nugent, Thomas J. 
 
 O'Conner, Frank M. 
 
 O'Donnell. Edward C. 
 
 Oles, Lennie L. 
 
 Oliver, Chauncey R. 
 
 Olsen, Abram C. 
 
 Olsen, Tore 
 
 Olson. Alfred 
 
 Olson, Adolph E. 
 
 Olson. Emmett H. 
 
 Olson. Erwin V. 
 
 Olson, Gust 
 
 Olson, Herman 
 Olson, John A. 
 Olson, John V. 
 Olson, L. E. 
 Olson. Richard A. 
 Olson. Thorkel V. 
 Oltman. Henry J. 
 Oltman, Oscar H. 
 Oltman, Willie H. 
 Oselius. Arthur 
 Ostgaard, Holger 
 Owen, Ira D. 
 Owen, William F. 
 Packard, Silas M. 
 Palmer, Clyde W. 
 Palmer, Major O. 
 Palmer, Ray G. 
 Palmer, Reuben W. 
 Parisch. Artlnir 
 Park. Earl E. 
 Parker, Ora E. 
 Parsons, Harvey R. 
 Patche, Elmer J. 
 Patterson, Clarence L. 
 Pauling, Arthur 
 Payne, Aubrey C. 
 Payne, Cady L. 
 Payne, Floyd 
 Pearson, Jake 
 Pedersen, Cris 
 Pedersen. Iver C. 
 Pedersen. Jens S. 
 Perrin, Ernest L. 
 Persson, Einar 
 Perry, Lyle A. 
 Personius, Andrew S. 
 Personius, William C. 
 Personius, William H. 
 Persons, Lee 
 Peters. Albert A. 
 Petersen. Fred N. 
 Peterson, Albert O. 
 Peterson, Andrew 
 Peterson, Andrew 
 Peterson, Arthur J. 
 Peterson, August P. 
 Peterson, Carl O. 
 Peterson, Elmer C. 
 Peterson, George W. 
 Peterson, Gust O. 
 Peterson, Harry E. 
 Peterson, Hugh G. 
 Peterson. James 
 Peterson. Johannes A. 
 Peterson. John M. 
 Peterson, John P. 
 Peterson, Leslie A. 
 
 16 
 
Peterson, Maurice P. 
 Peterson. Peter 
 Peterson, Peter B. 
 Peterson. Peter E. 
 Peterson. Peter J. 
 Pew, Ellsworth L. 
 Phifer, Earl E. 
 Pieper, Albert H. 
 Pietrowiak, William J. 
 Piltz, George E. 
 Pixler, Marvin H. 
 Plumhofif. Louis F. 
 Pondorf. Frank 
 Poole. William H. 
 Pope. Buel 
 Pope. Percy 
 Poplowski, Ole 
 Popp, William x\. 
 Poppe, Walter C. 
 Porath, Fred W. 
 Porter, George W. 
 Porter. Robert E. 
 Powers, Wayne M. 
 Prafke. Frank A. 
 Price, William E. 
 Prindle, Ray L. 
 Prindle, Wayne C. 
 Pruisner, Anton 
 Pruisner, Henry 
 Pufalil, Herman H. 
 Pulver, Edbert L. 
 Quade, Otto A. 
 Quade, William G. 
 Quien, Carl B. 
 Quinn. Roswell J. 
 Raforth, August 
 Ratledge. Stanley I. 
 Redman. Franz H. 
 Reickle}', Joseph J. 
 Reiman. Frederick O. 
 Reinke, Bert H. 
 Reinke, Herbert G. 
 Reinke. William A. 
 Reiter, Alfred W. 
 Reiter, Julius A. 
 Rettke, Charles D. 
 Rettke, Edward A. 
 Rettke, Henry A. 
 Reutter, Glen A. 
 Reynolds, Sanford W. 
 Richardson, Walter B. 
 Riedel, Otto H. 
 Rice, Ira J. 
 Riddell, Walter N. 
 Riegel, Samuel C. 
 Ringgenberg. Lloyd M. 
 Rippel, Arthur 
 Rippel, William 
 Roark, Arthur 
 Roberts, Eennie 
 Roebbeke. Fredk. W. H. 
 Roebke, Harvey R. 
 Rosenfeldt. Louis O. 
 Rono, Julius B. 
 Rosa, Harry C. 
 Rosen, Gust A. 
 Rosenberg, Robert A. 
 Rosenberg. William C. 
 Rosenwinkel. Adolph J. 
 Ross. Harold O. 
 Ross. Leo L. 
 Rosskopf, Irvin W. 
 Roth, William 
 Rouse, Chester W. 
 Rowley, Leonard R. 
 Ruby, Peter 
 Running, Josef E. 
 Running, Martin 
 
 Russenberger, Wm. R. 
 Sackett. Clarence L. 
 Sager. Ellsworth M. 
 Sager. John E. 
 Saggau, Henry A. C. 
 Salisbury, John C. 
 Salisbury. Martin L. 
 Salzman. Otto G. 
 Samuelson. David B. 
 Sansen, Cal G. 
 Sauck, Carl A. 
 Sawyer. Robert I. 
 Saxon, Henry R. 
 Saxton. George R. 
 Scearcy. Guy E. 
 Schaefer. George H. 
 Schall, Fred 
 Scharpf, John 
 Scheff, Carl A. H. 
 Scheflf. George H. 
 Schelmeski, Tony J. 
 Schendel. Leo A. 
 Scherer. Frank A. 
 Schcrer, George V. 
 Schierkolk. William E. 
 Schlemme. Louis F. 
 Sclilemme, Walter H. 
 Schlichting. Edward C. 
 Schlorfif, William H. 
 Schmidt. Lester D. 
 Schmidt, Isadore L. 
 Schofield. George H. 
 Schow, Carter 
 Schroedel, John P. 
 Schultz, Emil 
 Schultz. Frederick W. 
 Schultz. Harry A. 
 Schultz, Henry W. 
 Schultz. William 
 Schuiz, Albert W. 
 Schulz. John H. 
 Schumacher, Oscar H. 
 Schwartz, Gustaf J. 
 Scott, Christian 
 Scribner, John E. 
 Seifert, Leo J. 
 Seims. Charles 
 Senf. Fred H. 
 Senne. William H. 
 Serle, Esgar W. 
 Schaffer, Deed H. 
 Sliarp, David C. 
 Sharp. Roy W. 
 Sheaman. Joseph F. 
 Sheely, LeRoy H. 
 Sheely, Fred R. 
 Sherman, Chauncey C. 
 Sherman. Edwin A. 
 Sherman. John C. 
 Sherman, Veder 
 Shoemaker. Charles E. 
 Shoemaker, Edgar E. 
 Sliort, Walter A. 
 Shumski, Joseph V. 
 Siemens. William J. 
 Simmering. Edw. H. H. 
 Simmons. Rollo E. 
 Simon. Peter W. 
 Simpson. Walter V. 
 Sisson, Ralph W. 
 Slater, Earl E. 
 Slaughter, Ira P. 
 Smith, Alfred E. 
 Smith, Charles E. 
 Smith, Clarence A. 
 Smith, H. N. 
 Smith, Percy M. 
 Smith, William H. 
 
 Snow. Earl 
 Sokoloski. Stanley J. 
 Solvorn. Albert 
 Sorensen. Alfred 
 Sorensen, Carl M. 
 Sorensen. Franklin L. 
 Speier, Kaiser 
 Speier. Stanley 
 Spencer. Michael J. 
 Sperry, Elmo B. 
 Sperry. Elmo O. 
 St. John. Ronald 
 Stachowiak. Michael L. 
 Stalk. William 
 Stefanski. John S. 
 Stefanski. Joseph 
 Stefanski. Mike 
 Steiner. Albert 
 Steiner. Frank J. 
 Stelter, Wilhelm 
 Stenstrum. Myron S. 
 Stenstrum. Rov W. 
 Stenzel. .A.lbert W. 
 Stevens, George L. 
 Stewart. Warren 
 Stinchfield. Edwin C. 
 Stockdill. Donald S. 
 Storm. John C. 
 Stowe. Franklin K. 
 Stowe. Kenneth F. 
 Striemer. Bruno P. 
 Stromberg, Gustaf A. 
 Strombcrg. Ray F. 
 Struble. Harry J. 
 Struck. Christian H. 
 Struck, William C. 
 Studer. Ralph P. 
 Stum. James G. 
 Stum. William R. 
 Sturgeon. William R. 
 Sturm, John W. 
 Sundberg. Fred 
 Sunderson. Ben 
 Sutter. Luke J. 
 Svoboda. George W. 
 Swanson. Claude N. 
 Swanson. Elof C. 
 Swanson. Ernest 
 Swanson. Grant O. 
 Swanson. Oliver C. 
 Swenberg. Leonard E. 
 Swenson, Carl J, 
 Swenson, Robert A. 
 Sweeney. Carol W. 
 Sweeney. James B. 
 Sweesy. Leo M. 
 Swift, Charles H. 
 Swift. Robert D. 
 Syverson. Severin 
 Szuberski. Joseph M. 
 Taber. Walter .\. 
 Tallberg. Earl A. 
 TanhofT, Philip A. 
 Tanner. Harold H. 
 Tanner, Roscoe W. 
 Taylor. George G. 
 Taylor, Harry S. 
 Taylor, Leonard 
 Taylor, Lowell J. 
 Tenhoff, Charles J. 
 Tenhoff, Marland J. 
 Tenhoff, William W. 
 Theobald, James F. 
 Theobald, Ralph V. 
 Thiede, Herman J. 
 Thiede, Jilartin W. 
 Thiemann, Emil G. 
 Thiemann, Ginter E. 
 
 Thomas. Evan A. 
 Thomas. Glen W. 
 Thompson, C, H. 
 Thompson, Cecil E. 
 Thompson, Glen J. 
 Thompson. Palmer M. 
 Thomsen. Edward 
 Thomsen, Leon C. 
 Thomsen. Ralph D. 
 Thyen. Peter 
 Tobin. John 
 Tolzman. Alfred 
 Traetow, William C. 
 Travis, Charley C. 
 Tricker, Arthur 
 True, Harry L. 
 True. John P. 
 Tsantioties. Athanasois 
 
 (Tom Chantos) 
 Tyler, Glen 
 Tyler. James E. 
 Tyler. Lloyd J. 
 Utter. Bror A. 
 Utter, Gustaf W. 
 Voltmer, William 
 Voosen. Carl 
 Voosen, Fred C. 
 Voosen, Walter H. 
 Wallace, Glen L. 
 Wallerstedt, Carl H. 
 Walker, William C. 
 Ward. Otto 
 Ware, Harry 
 Warner. John A. 
 Watson. Noble D. 
 Weden, Walter 
 Weerts. Arnold 
 Wehrenberg. Henry C. 
 Wellcome, Carl 
 Wenberg. Clarence 
 Wendt, Emil A. 
 Werner, Edward H. 
 Werick, Charlie 
 Wernsman. Joseph F. 
 West. Arthur H. 
 Whelan, Harry 
 White, Frank F. 
 White. Fred H. 
 Whited. Fred 
 Whitsell, .\rthur W. 
 Whitsell. William R. 
 Wiebe. Arthur G. 
 Wierschke. Herman A. 
 Wilkinson. Earl B. 
 Willette, Claude O. 
 Willette. David O. 
 Willette. John V. 
 Willmert. Orthwin B. 
 Winkelman, Herman J. 
 Winn. Lou H. 
 Winzenburg. Chas. P. 
 Witt. William C. 
 Wohlhueter, Earl M. 
 Wohlhueter, Merle H. 
 Wohlhuter, Arthur H. 
 Wohlhuter, Frederic A. 
 Wohlrabe, George W. 
 Wolford, Sidney A. 
 Wolford, William G. 
 Wolter, Harry 
 Woodling, Harry E. 
 Woodke. Arthur W. 
 Woolley. Wayne W. 
 Wright, Daniel 
 Yates. Ed. 
 Ystenes, Nicholai J. 
 Ystenes, Selmer 
 Zachariason, And. E. 
 
 17 
 
Zacharlason. \A^iIIie H. 
 Zaboroski, Frank 
 Zaboroski, Michael 
 
 Zeaske, Karl G. 
 Zelim. Roy D. 
 Zelker, George 
 
 Zierke, Roland H. 
 Zieske. Victor W. 
 Zoeller, Charley F. 
 
 Zoeller. John H. 
 Zoeller, William A. 
 
 Appelquist, Carl W. 
 Arp, Leonard D. 
 Aukofer, Joseph M. 
 Austin, John 
 Austin, William W. 
 Baum, John C. 
 Benson, Martin 
 Rlanck. Walter H. 
 Brandt, Clifford A. 
 Broom, William S. 
 Burns, Gustave A. 
 Burns, George M. 
 Carlson, Rufus G. 
 Chamberlain, Ray C. 
 Christianson, Clarence 
 Chute, Fred B. 
 Colvin. Oscar D. 
 Coult, Benjamin W. 
 Engeldorf, Lars J. 
 Erickson, Edward W. 
 Follett, Fred J. 
 
 Forstrom, Willia 
 Fox, Edward C. 
 Gemmell, Lloyd 
 Gradberg, Enoch W 
 Gradberg, Eskil N. 
 Groth, Chester E. 
 Hart, Carrol H. 
 Hansen. Lucian J. 
 Helgeson. Gail P. 
 Home, Alfred D. 
 Howell, Robert J. 
 Jensen, Fred 
 Jones, John 
 Jessen, Carl R. 
 Kauder, Wesley A. 
 Kendell, Earl G. 
 Keyes, Raymond E. 
 Kramer, William R. 
 Krost. Walter G. 
 Krumholz, Joseph A 
 Langman, Harley A 
 
 NAVY 
 
 A. Larsen, Daniel E. 
 
 Larson, Charles W. 
 Lewis, Will 
 Lunde, Oscar H. 
 Madsen, Eddie P. 
 Marley, Isa H. 
 Marvin, Vincent 
 Moeller, Harry 
 IMoore, Clarence R. 
 Necdham, Melvin A. 
 Nelson, Fred J. 
 Nelson. George E. 
 Nicholson. William H. 
 Nonneman, Frank C. 
 Nordstrom, Carl A. 
 Olson, Knute O. 
 Olson, Wilford E. 
 Orbell, Harry G. 
 Packard. Dale H. 
 Peterson. Wallace E. 
 Roberts, Charles 
 
 Salzman, Walter H. 
 Sartorius, Charles 
 Speigler. Harry r.I. 
 Swanson. George R. A. 
 Swanson, John E. 
 Swearingen. Fred H, 
 Swearingen, John A. 
 Tanner, Chester O. 
 Thomas, James R. 
 True, Howard V. 
 VanBuskirk. Ira A. 
 Wade. Harold E. 
 W.ilker. Clarence A. 
 White. Robert E. 
 ^^'illiams. Charles O. 
 Williams, Chester A. 
 \\'enberg. Walter E. 
 Winzenberg. Wm. H. 
 Wood. Rollo G. 
 WoIIcn. Richard H. 
 Youngdale, C. J. 
 
 MARINES 
 
 Allen. Clair H. 
 Allen, Thaddeus S. 
 Anderson. Axel 
 Bieth. Frank J. 
 Carey. Earl V. 
 Carey. Franklin P. 
 Carey, Walter H. 
 
 Carlson. Albert H. 
 Courtright, Vernon ( 
 Day. Stanley G. 
 Funk, Albert D, 
 Gilbert, Walter R. 
 Hartung, Walter H. 
 Hayworth, Purl G. 
 
 Hervey. Walter 
 Hiatt, Clyde H. 
 Holton. Arthur R, 
 Levin. David J. 
 Nugent. Roy 
 Olson. Oscar L. 
 Personius. Glen C. 
 
 Persson. Erick 
 Ridgway. Jobe M. 
 Smith. Henson A. 
 Stewart, Elmer 
 Stewart, Russel A. 
 Thomsen, Floyd 
 Tyler, William P. 
 
 Griftltlis. Dan W. 
 Nickerson, Arthur W. 
 
 IN CANADIAN ARMY 
 
 Nielsen. Emanuel C. 
 Peterson, Edward N. 
 
 Price. Merlin G. 
 Slierman. Fernon S. 
 
 Smith. Leo E. 
 Walker, George R. 
 
 Betz, Neven O. 
 Cory, Helen 
 
 SERVICE WOMEN 
 
 Conklin. Francis 
 Dean, ^Marjorie L. 
 
 Edwards, Mava M. 
 Eglin. Elizabeth G. 
 
 Sieberg. Dorothy C. 
 
 Potter, George 
 
 Y. M. C. A. 
 
 Richardson. Ralph J. Tininis, Clarence J. 
 
 Wolfe, Horace E. 
 
 Honoring the Men Who Fought 
 
 A vivid page in the memories of all will be the 
 recollections of the various farewell demonstrations 
 accorded the successive increments of selected sol- 
 diers upon their departure for the training camps. 
 Entrainment days were made county holidays when 
 relatives and friends of the departing soldiers assem- 
 bled in great numbers to do homa.ge to those whose 
 lives were being offered in the country's service. 
 
 The first great demonstration was held at the 
 county seat on Sunday, Sept. 2. 1917. There was no 
 departure of troops on that date, the affair being 
 designated as "Dedication Day" and arranged in 
 honor of all the men then registered or to be reg- 
 istered in the selective draft and awaiting call. It 
 was known that the first increment would be sum- 
 moned at any time and Martin County people wanted 
 
 her fighters to know that they were being backed to 
 the limit by the "folks back home." 
 
 More than one half of the people of the county 
 attended this initial demonstration. The account 
 pulilished in the daily press at the time is here 
 quoted in part as accurately depicting the historic 
 event: 
 
 "Coming in crowds from every township and pop- 
 ulation center in the county, more than ten thousand 
 loyal Martin County citizens gathered at Fairmont 
 Sunday, to observe the day dedicated to the men 
 selected by Uncle Sam to defend the principles for 
 which Old Glory stands, 'that the world might be 
 made safe for democracy.' 
 
 "It was the greatest patriotic demonstration that 
 Martin County has ever known. Even the children 
 
 18 
 
were still, overawed by the stern solemnity of their 
 parents, as the great crowd met at Sylvania Park in 
 the afternoon to listen to the burning words from 
 the impassioned speakers, who, speaking from tlie 
 heart, with words of love and duty for country, 
 but mirrored the sentiments of their listeners. The 
 speakers were continually interrupted as the pent- 
 up feelings of the audience broke out in loud and 
 sustained applause. 
 
 "Gathering from every part of the county, the 
 crowd came surging into the city early in the day. 
 From Sherburn came nearly the entire population 
 and their excellent band, Ceylon and Truman 
 tunied out en masse, headed by their bands. From 
 Welcome, Dunnell, Triumph, Monterey, Granada 
 and East Chain came loyal citizens anxious to be 
 identilied with the observance of the day. 
 
 "Most of the churches of the county omitted their 
 regular Sunday morning services to permit the peo- 
 ple to devote the day entirely to the dedication 
 exercises. 
 
 "A parade formed at 11 o'clock and marched 
 through the business section of the city to Sylvania 
 Park, where the exercises were held. For fifteen 
 blocks along the line of march the walks were 
 crowded to the curb with onlookers and at times 
 they surged into the street so densely as to inter- 
 fere with the parade. The crowd cheered as the 
 country's defenders marched luist. 
 
 "Headed by the Ceylon band the parade included 
 Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., under arms and fully ec|uipped. 
 (This unit was then in service and in camp at tlie 
 Martin County fair grounds.) The second division 
 was headed by the Fairmont band and included Co. 
 B of the Fairmont Home Guard, who appeared for 
 the lirst time in new uniforms and equipment. The 
 third division, led by the Truman band, included the 
 selective service men for whom the event was es- 
 pecially arranged, also twenty young women uni- 
 formed as Red Cro.ss nurses. The fourth division, 
 with the Sherburn band, was composed of the Boy 
 Scouts of Welcome and Truman, 
 
 "Following the parade a picnic dinner was held at 
 the park, participated in by thousands. Basket din- 
 ners for the selected men were furnished by a com- 
 mittee selected from the different parts of the county. 
 
 "Attorney Paul C. Cooper of Truman presided 
 and introduced the speakers. In words with the 
 true patriotic ring he explained the purpose of the 
 .gathering and prepared the audience for the elo- 
 quent words to follow from the other speakers. 
 
 "Rev. H. O. Thompson, pastor of the Methodist 
 church at Welcome, offered a prayer which breathed 
 the highest patriotic sentiments. 
 
 "The first speaker was J. A. Everett, one of the 
 county's first advocates of patriotism above all 
 else. Mr. Everett is a veteran of the Civil War and 
 from the depth of his experience in battles and 
 camp gave the men who go forth to battle for their 
 country, as he went forth in his youth to uphold 
 the flag, much good advice. 
 
 "County Attorney Albert R. Allen surpassed his 
 usual eloquent eflforts in the cause for which the 
 people of the United States were united. Hon. Julius 
 E. Haycraft whipped the patriotism of the crowd to 
 white heat. His definition of loyal and disloyal cit- 
 izens met with favor among his listeners and his 
 words will ring in the ears of his hearers for many 
 a day. 
 
 "Hon. L. C. Hodgson (Larry Ho) of St. Paul, 
 was the concluding speaker, and found the crowd 
 responsive to every word and gesture. Like the 
 other speakers he spoke from the depth of his heart 
 and not a word of his masterly address escaped 
 his hearers." 
 
 The county's first drafted men assembled in Fair- 
 mont on Sept. 21, 1917, and were then formally in- 
 ducted into active service. On the afternoon of 
 
 that day not only the selected men, their families 
 and friends, but hundreds of citizens generally, as- 
 sembled at the court house grounds as the first of 
 our selective service men took the oath that made 
 them the nation's defenders for the duration of the 
 war, be it months or years. After the men were in- 
 ducted J. A. Everett, E. H. Nicholas and Judge E. 
 C. Dean were successively called on to address the 
 assemblage and, more particularly, the newly cre- 
 ated soldiers. Their stirring, patriotic and eloquent 
 orations were received by the soldiers and the as- 
 sembled crowd with unbounded enthusiasm. 
 
 The selected men were the guests of the city of 
 Fairmont that night and were feted and entertained 
 without limit. Everything was theirs. Theater par- 
 ties, dinners, in every way that friends could devise, 
 courtesy and honor were shown them. 
 
 Departure was early in the morning of Sept. 22. 
 The train left promptly at 7 o'clock. Long before 
 that hour the city was filled with people to express 
 final honor, to say a last good-bye to the departing 
 soldiers. A parade was formed, headed by the 
 Fairmont band, to escort the men to the depot. Co. 
 E and the Home Guard company marched as an es- 
 cort of honor. .\t least .5,000 people were at the sta- 
 tion to bid the boj's farewell and Godspeed. 
 
 As the first troop train bore away the departing 
 sons and brothers brave smiles and what were m- 
 tended for cheerful and cheering phrases could not 
 conceal the aching hearts nor withhold the scald- 
 ing tears. All felt that among the seventy fine, 
 stalwart young men there were some who would 
 not return, others whose limbs and bodies would be 
 torn by shot and shell and lungs seared by the hell- 
 ish, torturin.sr gas clouds of the enemy. These fears 
 were well founded. Five of the men who departed 
 with brave hearts and noble purposes found soldiers' 
 graves. A score returned months later with the 
 marks of wounds or the effects of the cruel gas fas- 
 tened upon them forever. 
 
 The crowd remained on the platform, waving flags, 
 hands and handkerchiefs so long as the train re- 
 mained in sight. Then, heavy hearted, yet content, 
 fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, sweethearts and 
 friends, turned homeward to patiently face that most 
 anguishing of all war experiences, the long and 
 weary waiting until the son or brother or sweet- 
 heart shall again return or his battle fate be learned. 
 
 The scenes and experiences of that first leave- 
 taking were repeated again and again, until it had 
 been enacted eighteen times under similar condi- 
 tions. Then on the very day before still another de- 
 tachment was to depart came the armistice. 
 
 As war's stern and grim reality grew with the 
 passing of the months there was no diminution of 
 the patriotic fervor and wild enthusiasm with which 
 the men were hailed as they left "for the front." 
 Always the same inspiration, the same splendid 
 demonstration of the spirit that "we are witli you, 
 boys," attended the men. If anything the cumula- 
 tive efifect of such repeated scenes made the later 
 leavetakings more impressive, more earnest, than 
 the first. 
 
 It maj' be that the home people did not and do 
 not fully realize liow greatly these farewell expres- 
 sions contributed to make easier the hard lot of the 
 soldier in the training camp, in strange environment, 
 on foreign shores, at the battle front; how recollec- 
 tions thereof sustained morale, made hardship and 
 suffering easier to bear, and made the soldier willing 
 to suffer and die if need be for his home and his 
 country, to convince him that such homes and such 
 a country were abundantly worth the supreme sacri- 
 fice. To refiect that "the folks back home" do think 
 of their soldiers and that the splendid sentiments 
 expressed in the leavetaking were with them to the 
 end was one of the things that made our soldiers 
 and sailors invincible — the peers of all others. 
 
 19 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 Martin County Public Safety Association 
 
 Martin County War Board. 
 
 The successful functioning of the various war ac- 
 tivities in Martin County and throughout Minne- 
 sota generally was due, second only to the patriotic 
 spirit of our people, to the magnificent work of the 
 Minnesota Commission of Public Safety, with its 
 sub-organizations in each county, popularly referred 
 to as the "War Board." 
 
 The Martin Count}' Public Safety Association was 
 organized as a local branch of the State Public Safe- 
 ty Commission, and, like the parent body, vested 
 with extraordinary powers to cope with any situa- 
 tion that might arise out of the war. 
 
 Minnesota was the first state in the Union to rec- 
 ognize the fact that in order to fully utilize the na- 
 tion's resources of patriotism, material and men, the 
 closest co-operation between the federal authority 
 and the various state governments was imperative. 
 
 Accordingly on April 2.3, 1917, two weeks after 
 the declaration of war, the Minnesota legislature 
 passed the law creating and financing the Commis- 
 sion of Public Safety and defining its powers and 
 duties. The example thus set was speedily followed 
 by the other states. The enabling clause of the 
 Minnesota law provides that the Commission shall 
 
 "do all acts and things necessary or proper so 
 that the military, civil and industrial resources 
 of the state may be most efiiciently applied to- 
 ward maintenance of the defense of the state 
 and nation and toward the successful prose- 
 cution of such war * * * and shall aid the .gov- 
 ernment of the United States in protecting and 
 defending said government and the people there- 
 of and their property." 
 
 One million dollars was appropriated to carry out 
 the work required of the Commission. Of this 
 amount $488,337.78 was by legislative enactment re- 
 quired to be paid as additional compensation to the 
 enlisted men of Minnesota who served on the Mex- 
 ican border in 1916. This left available for the Com- 
 mission's use $.511,602.23. How economically its af- 
 fairs were managed is shown by the fact that on 
 Jan. 1, 1919, wlien tlie work was practically fin- 
 ished, the Commission still had on hand $2.52,018.23. 
 The vast amount of work the state organization and 
 its county auxiliaries accomplished at so small ex- 
 pense was due to the patriotic service rendered by 
 the members, at great personal sacrifice, without 
 financial compensation to the amount of a single 
 penny. 
 
 Governor Burnquist, acting promptly under the 
 law, appointed tlie following men as members of 
 the state commission: Governor Burnquist and .A.t- 
 torney General Lyndon A. Smitli, acting as ex-officio 
 members: 
 
 C. H. March, Litchfield, vice-chairman, 
 
 J. F. McGce, Minneapolis, military affairs. 
 
 C. W. Ames, St. Paul, civic affairs. 
 
 John Lind, Minneapolis, labor. 
 
 A. C. Weiss, Duluth, publicity. 
 
 John S. Pardee, secretary. 
 
 Later, due to the resignations of Messrs. Ames, 
 Lind and Pardee, Thomas E. Cashman of Owatonna 
 and H. W. Libby of St. Paul were appointed on the 
 Commission, Mr. Libby becoming secretary. Lyndon 
 A. Smith, attorney general, died March 5, 1918. His 
 successor, Clifford L. Hilton, became a member in 
 his stead. Offices were maintained at the old state 
 capitol, St. Paul. More than one hundred meetings 
 were held, the commissioners serving without pay. 
 
 The Commission began its labors within a week 
 of the passage of the law bringing it into being. 
 By the end of December, 1919. its work was practi- 
 cally finished and it was able to report its per- 
 formances throughout the trying period in great de- 
 tail to the governor. 
 
 CLIFl^ORD E. JONES 
 
 Chairm.in Martin County Public Safety Association. Life-long 
 resident of Martin County. Had two sons in service, one of 
 wliom lost his life. 
 
 Organization of the Martin County branch of the 
 Safety Commission, officially described as the Mar- 
 tin County Public Safety .'\ssociation but popularly 
 spoken of as the County War Board, began May 
 28, 1917, when Clififord E. Jones of Fairmont was 
 commissioned a director by Gov. Burnquist. A sin- 
 gle director was selected in each county of the state 
 and the work of organizing the several counties left 
 in their hands. Mr. Jones was selected for this 
 highly important position after thorough investiga- 
 tion of his fitness for such service. It may be here 
 remarked that he acquitted himself of h" arduous 
 and oftentimes unpleasant duties in a manner that 
 proved the wisdom of the selection. 
 
 June 13, 1917 the county directors were assembled 
 at the state capitol and took the initial steps for per- 
 fecting the county or.ganizations. Upon the return 
 of Mr. Jones the task of selecting and organizing 
 the Martin County branch was actively taken up. 
 The first meeting was held at Fairmont on June 15th. 
 Organization was rapid and there was soon effected 
 a plan so complete and effective that it was utilized 
 in organizing many of the other counties. The State 
 Safety Commission commended the Martin County 
 branch as the first and most completely and efficient- 
 ly organized in the state. 
 
 The perfected Martin County organization included 
 the following officers and committees. Many of the 
 inembers had sons in the service. Others enlisted 
 themselves later in the war. 
 
 Chairman — Clififord E. Jones, Fairmont. 
 
 Secretary — J. T. Swearingen, Fairmont. 
 
 Treasurer — Charles E. Landin, Sherburn. 
 
 20 
 
Executive Committee. 
 
 Louis J. Hinton, Truman, Chairman Liberty Loan. 
 
 Julius E. Haycraft, Fairmont, Cliairman America 
 First. 
 
 Rev. Albert E. Fillmore, Fairmont, Chairman Red 
 Cross. 
 
 Horace E. Wolfe. Fairmont, Chairman War Sav- 
 ings. Prof. Wolfe resigned to enter service as a 
 Y. M. C. A. secretary and was succeeded by John 
 H. Grill, Fairmqnt. 
 
 JAMES T. SVVEAKINGEN 
 
 Secretary Martin County Public Safety Association. Resident 
 ■of Martin County since i860. Had two sons in service. 
 
 DeForrest Ward, Fairmont, cliairman V. M. C. A. 
 John Wolf, Fairmont, chairman Knights Columbus. 
 
 Albert R. Allen, county attorney, Fairmont. 
 
 William S. Carver, sheriff and member Martin 
 ■County Draft Board, Fairmont. 
 
 William Vollrath. chairman board of county com- 
 missioners, Dunnell, Minn. 
 
 Fred W. Betz, postmaster, Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 C. J. Timms, county superintendent. Fairmont, food 
 administrator. Mr. Timms later entered service as a 
 Y. M. C. A. secretary and was succeeded by S. A. 
 McCarthy and he by Arza R. Fancher, judge of pro- 
 Ijate court. Fairmont. 
 
 Alex Grant, Fairmont, fuel administrator. 
 
 Frank A. Day, Fairmont. 
 
 J. C. Musser, Rutland township. 
 
 George W. Bulock, Fraser township. 
 
 Fred C. Gould, Fairmont township. 
 
 Richard A. Murray, Rolling Green township. 
 
 Leo A. Milow, county commissioner, Tenhassen 
 "township, 
 
 Frank Nowicki, Silver Lake township. 
 
 John Burns, Fairmont. 
 
 Harry H. Canright, captain Home Guards, Fair- 
 mont. 
 
 Charles E. Coleman, Civil War veteran, Fairmont. 
 
 Clarence L. Blanchar, Fox Lake township. 
 
 Oscar L. Larson, Jay township. 
 
 John Carlson, Elm Creek township. 
 
 Frank H. Wherland, Welcome. 
 
 O. W. Kinney, Manyaska township. 
 
 Robert W. Stewart. Ceylon. 
 
 James D. Griggs, Truman (Civil War veteran). 
 
 Mons Olson, Westford township. 
 
 Lever E. Champine, Lake Belt township. 
 
 James Prouty, Granada. 
 
 John Maxwell, Center Creek township. 
 
 James T. McNerney, Pleasant Prairie township. 
 
 Charles L. Larson, Lake Fremont township. 
 
 John A. Linder, Dunnell. 
 
 H. P. Deneen, Triumph. 
 
 L. W. Steele, Cedar township. 
 
 Harry Sheppard, Galena township. 
 
 John H. Hagen, Ormsby. 
 
 Peter Wartman, Monterey. 
 
 Walter W. Adams, Nashville. 
 
 Labor Committee. 
 
 R. W. Stewart, Ceylon. 
 
 C. E. Landin, Sherburn. 
 
 F. H. Wherland, Welcome. 
 
 L. J. Hinton, Truman. 
 
 Geo. E. Brockman, Triumph. 
 
 B. A. Burton, Granada. 
 J. A. Linder, Dunnell. 
 Peter Wartman, Monterey. 
 William Doyle, East Chain. 
 Clifford E. Jones, Fairmont. 
 
 Marketing Committee. 
 
 Clifford E. Jones, Fairmont. 
 E. F. Lawrence, Fairmont. 
 John W. Allison, Fairmont. 
 Jolm Gerber, Welcome. 
 John Roebke, Sherburn. 
 George Winzenberg, Granada. 
 John H. Sprague. Northrop. 
 Christian Scott, Truman. 
 
 (Mr. Scott enlisted later.) 
 Robert W. Nelson, East Chain. 
 Peter W^artman, Monterey. 
 George E. Brockman, Triumph. 
 
 D. C. Pasely, Ceylon. 
 
 C. Linus Peterson, Dunnell. 
 
 WILLIAM S. CARVER 
 
 Slieriiif of Martin County. Was also major in Motor Corps 
 Reserve and member of Draft Board. Born in Martin County. 
 
 When complete organization of the county was 
 effected every war activity was covered. This was 
 accomplished by the appointment of a chairman in 
 each precinct for each department. The men thus 
 appointed, together with the officers and executive 
 comiTiittee, constituted the county War Board. In 
 
 21 
 
addition to the foregoing names it included tlie fol- 
 lowing members, each chairman in his precinct of 
 his particular branch with authority to appoint such 
 precinct members as he deemed necessary to serve 
 under him. 
 
 Precinct War Boards. 
 
 There were seven chairmen appointed in each pre- 
 cinct. They were designated respectively as chair- 
 men of the Liberty Loan. Public Safety, Red Cross, 
 America First, War Savings, Y. M. C. A. and Knights 
 of Columbus. In the appended roster the names in 
 each precinct are arranged in the foregoing order: 
 
 City of Fairmont: Wm. Hay, Harry H. Canright, 
 H. P. Edwards, Ned R. Bomboy. John F. Haeckel, 
 Edward R. Flygare, Thomas A. Lawler. 
 
 Sherburn: A. G. T. Broun, Charles E. Landin J. 
 C. Salisbury, John L. Roebke, Charles Grill, J. C. 
 Flygare, George Ellis. 
 
 Welcome: E. W. Halkney, Frank H. Wherland, 
 H. H. Sartorius, John W. Wolford, O. P. Miller, 
 Lewis Wilkinson, Bernard Mamer. 
 
 Truman: A. M. Hinton, Louis J. Hinton, G. M. 
 Seaburg, S. S. Rector. Tlieo. C. Radde, George E. 
 Foster, Walter Damm. 
 
 Ceylon: S. G. Barnett, Robert W. Stewart, Frank 
 M. Sill, H. A. Saggau, J. R. Huston, A. E. Alton, 
 Claude F. Follett. 
 
 Granada: Eli Boudrye, James Prouty, George 
 Winzenburg, Dr. W. H. Gaugh, A. B. Jardine, Ben. 
 L. Eglin, Charles Johnson. 
 
 Dunnell: M. M. Sorensen, E. A. Cooper. John A. 
 Linder, August Wenberg, Miss Ellen Swanson, Frank 
 A. Sandin, Carl G. Appelquist. 
 
 Triumph: C. L. Blakeley, James !\Icehan, A. A. 
 Harris, Geo. E. Brockman, Sam Olander, Silas P. 
 Pope, G. UmhoefFer. 
 
 Monterey: Dr. J. A. Butz, Peter Wartman, W. A. 
 Rlioads, E. W. Dushinske, Sam Olander, P. C. Red- 
 ing, Joseph Cas(\'. 
 
 ALBERT R. ALLE.\ 
 
 County Attorney. Born at Fayette County, Iowa, 1863. Resi- 
 dent of Martin County since 1900. Had two sons in service. 
 
 Ormsby: R. H. Mueller, H. M. Vagstad, Olaus 
 Syverson. 
 
 East Chain: Peter Jensen, Wm. Dahl. O. G. Row- 
 ley, William Doyle, Charles Ternberg, Robert W. 
 Nelson, John Maday. 
 
 Pleasant Prairie: Chas. E. Thate, James T. McNer- 
 ney, George Sullivan, Maynard Carlson, Arthur D. 
 Loring, Henry O. Oscarson, Leo Daly. 
 
 Center Creek: John R. Maxwell (Liberty Loan and 
 Public Safety), Orville Hatch, Chas. E. Davison, 
 Ernest Dalton, G. V. Cotherman, Mike Kusick. 
 
 Nashville: R. S. Patchin, Walter W. Adams, H. M. 
 Hall, A. M. Boler, Roy Duncanson, Alex W. Wat- 
 son, Frank Brady. 
 
 Silver Lake: John Nowicki, John Pytleski, F. J. 
 Nowicki, Thomas Maday, R. H. Keithahn, Dan. Har- 
 ris, John Pytleski. 
 
 Fairmont Township: F. J. Lowe, Fred C. Gould, 
 Simon Santee, George E. Rosa, Fred Dickinson, Ad- 
 dison T. Crowther, John Bulfer. 
 
 EDWARD R. I'LYCARE 
 
 Clerk of Court. Member Executive Comiriittee of War Board. 
 Born in 1871 and came to Martin County same year. 
 
 Rutland: Wm. R. Boyce, Joe C. Musser, Fred Sny- 
 der, John H. Sprague, A. C. Becker, Claude Axford. 
 N. G. Streit. 
 
 Westford: David A. Sargent, Mons Olson, Henry 
 Huttemeier, Emil Draegert, George Jurgenson, Wil- 
 lis Ryder. F. H. Jahnke. 
 
 Tcnhassen: Leo A. Milow (Liberty Loan and Pub- 
 lic Safety) Guy M. Sill, Wm. Plath, Frank F. Peters, 
 Sven Niisson, Frank Landsteiner. 
 
 Rolling Green: James Lamperd. Richard A. Mur- 
 ray, Wilbur G. Brown, Raj'mond Steelsmith,- George 
 Mussman, William E. Allen, Frank Seibert. 
 
 Eraser: Julius C. Behrens. George Bulock, George 
 Goetz, G. C. Thompson, G. H. Nolte, Herman Brodt, 
 Peter Carney. 
 
 Waverly: Andrew Levik, Harry Sheppard, Gus 
 Johnson, Ole Williamson, Carson Harber, P. J. Pe- 
 terson, Martin Helvig. 
 
 Lake Belt: William Gray, Lever E. Champine. 
 Wilber W. Wiltse, Fred Nassen, Decatur C. Paselev. 
 E. C. Headley, O. W. Stallcop. 
 
 Manyaska: Robert Borchardt, O. W. Kinney, E. 
 O. Paup. Frank Ammann. Theodore Kahlcr. Pren- 
 tiss D. Worthlcy, John Mauris. 
 
 Fox Lake: Philip Wohlhuter, Clarence L. Blan- 
 char, Gerhart Leuhr, Herman L Davey, F. H. Spiel- 
 man. David Soper, H. P. Dcneen. 
 
 Galena: Fred W. Carter. John H. Hagen, Carl An- 
 derson, Charles Krueger, Ralph H. Worthley, Henry 
 Drewes. C. H. Christianson. 
 
 Lake Fretnont: A. W. Linder, Charles L. Larson. 
 J. R. Woods, Wm. Vollrath, C. Linus Peterson, Ma- 
 rion Silcox, Peter Kriebs. 
 
 Jay: Reed C. Als worth, Oscar L. Larson, Geo. 
 
 22 
 
Lucke, Henry Kuntz, Elmer H. Peterson, J. M. 
 Gemmill, John Eisenmenger. 
 
 Elm Creek: Wm. Holtz, John Carlson, Bert Well- 
 come, Wm. Grill. John Terveer, John Rohvvedder, 
 John Terveer. 
 
 Cedar: Dick Rabbe, John Olson, Hans C. Josten. 
 A. C. Martin. Carl Sjogren, A. J. Peterson, Richard 
 Burke. 
 
 The work of the State and County Public Safety 
 Associations were closely related and to a consid- 
 erable extent may be considered together. The or- 
 ders of the State Commission, which had the full 
 force and efifect of law, were carried out by the coun- 
 ty organizations. 
 
 The first imperative task of the Commission was 
 to maintain public peace and order, to protect the 
 moral and bodily health of our soldiers and the peo- 
 ple in general, to check or suppress all efforts in- 
 terfering with the mobilization of the man power 
 of the state or hampering full and free co-operation 
 with the national government. An initial step was 
 to establish a "dry zone" around Ft. Snelling, an 
 
 FREDERICK W. BETZ 
 
 Postmaster and member of Executive Committee of War Board. 
 Born in Wisconsin in 1856. Had a daughter in Red Cross Serv- 
 ice. 
 
 important mobilization center. Saloons were also 
 closed in a dangerous section of Minneapolis and 
 the Commission dealt drastically with the liquor 
 traffic, which still persisted in some parts of Min- 
 nesota and was speedily recognized as a menace to 
 the nation's interests. The State Commission is- 
 sued in all 59 orders, of which 31 had to do with some 
 phase of the liquor traific. Two of these dealt spe- 
 cifically with conditions in Martin county. 
 
 Order No. 10 was promulgated on Sept. 17, 1917. 
 There were saloons at two points in Martin coun- 
 ty, Ceylon and Welcome. On the initiative of the 
 County War Board, and after investigation, it was 
 found that the sale of liquor at these points, as it 
 was then conducted, interfered with the production 
 of food and with tlie health and good habits of the 
 soldiers of the national army and militia. It was 
 shown by numerous complaints that these saloons 
 retarded the military, civil and industrial resources, 
 not only of Martin county and Minnesota, but in 
 neighboring states. Order No. 10 directed that all 
 liquor sold must be drunk on the premises and re- 
 stricted the hours of sale, the bars being allowed to 
 keep open from 9:00 a. m. to .5:00 p. m. It was pro- 
 
 vided that any violation would operate to cancel the 
 licenses of the saloon keepers. 
 
 Under these drastic regulations saloons at Wel- 
 come voluntarily quit business when their licenses 
 expired in June, 1918. However at Ceylon the bars 
 continued in business until finally wiped out by 
 Order No. 47 on Sept. 24, 1918. It was recited that 
 "the provisions of Order No. 10 have been and are 
 habitually violated and set at naught" and the pen- 
 alty clause was invoked, closing said saloons for 
 the period of the war. Investigation showed an 
 immense liquor business at Ceylon. One of the 
 three saloons handled 6,290 cases of beer and 75 tons 
 of hard liquor April 1 to July 31, 1917. 
 
 This act closed the last saloon in the county, none 
 having since reopened as the county voted dry under 
 the county option law on Aug. 6, 1918, the measure 
 taking effect six months later. 
 
 Another early act of the Commission was an order 
 creating the Minnesota Home Guard and Motor 
 Corps Division, both of which had exceptionally 
 efficient units in Martin county, organized under the 
 direction of the County War Board. Special peace 
 officers known as rural guards were also authorized, 
 these having all the powers of constables. A large 
 number were appointed in this county. 
 
 Other activities and departinents created and di- 
 rected by the State Safety Commission and made 
 operative here through the county branch were food 
 production and conservation, a labor bureau, a niar- 
 keting department, fair grain prices and gi;ading, 
 farm labor and crop census, greater utilization of 
 fish as food supply, the production of iron ore. the 
 securing of labor and industrial amity, regulations 
 to restrict the increasing cost of living, fuel conser- 
 vation, registration of all aliens, welfare of Minne- 
 sota soldiers and their dependents, regulation of new 
 banks and public improvements, forest fire protec- 
 tion, emergency relief in tornados and forest fires 
 at Tyler and in northern Minnesota, Americaniza- 
 tion, suppression of disloyalty, and other minor mat- 
 ters. It will be readily seen from this wide scope of 
 activities that great demands were made upon the 
 county war board. 
 
 In the registration of aliens it was found that 
 there were resident in Minnesota :325,000 persojis 
 without citizenship, of whom about 200 were regis- 
 tered in Martin county. Nearly all of these were 
 owners of property and enjoying all the benefits 
 of citizenship without carrying any of its respon- 
 sibilities. In Martin county the greater part of 
 such aliens sought the first opportunity to acquire or 
 complete their citizenship. 
 
 The importance of the work of American women 
 in war activities was fully recognized by the com- 
 mission. This department was under an executive 
 committee of sixteen prominent women of the 
 state. This committee was authorized by the Na- 
 tional Council of Defense to act as the Minnesota 
 unit of the national women's war organization. Mrs. 
 W. R. Diment of Fairmont was chosen to head the 
 work in Martin county. 
 
 The women's work included iriany important ac- 
 tivities. Among them were intensive organization 
 under which every family was listed with reference 
 to nationality, industrial relationship, church, school, 
 etc., including also a record of the contributions to 
 libert3' loan, war savings. Red Cross and other war 
 matters. This tabulation was of great assistance in 
 drives for funds for war purposes and in other ways. 
 Food conservation was naturally a highly important 
 part of the women's organization, which obtained 
 thousands of signatures to and compliance with the 
 "Hoover pledge" promising family economy in the 
 use of essential foods. Training classes were con- 
 ducted in war cooking and other economic meas- 
 ures which tended to the immediate benefit of the 
 nation and the permanent betterment of living condi- 
 tions in rnany homes. 
 
 23 
 
Child conservation, public health, Americanization, 
 patriotic education, nurses' drives, welfare of wom- 
 en in industry and other vital matters engaged the 
 attention of the women war workers. In the lib- 
 erty loans the women assisted nobly and one fourth 
 of the subscriptions are credited to women. It was 
 of course in the great war work of the Red Cross 
 that women's activity was most emphasized. This 
 was distinctly their sphere and in it every loyal 
 woman of the state took an active part, giving lib- 
 erally of lier time to do knitting, sewing and other 
 handiwork. 
 
 The state commission as a part of its office rou- 
 tine gave attention to 683 sedition cases, 331 vio- 
 lations of liquor laws or regulations, 226 complaints 
 against dance halls, 208 violations of the "work or 
 fight order," 118 complaints of interference with the 
 liherty loans, 174 complaints relative to the teach- 
 ing of German in the schools of the state. Many of 
 these complaints came from Martin county and the 
 local war board was vitally concerned in getting 
 proper correction, adjudication or penalties. 
 
 A great mass of educational literature was dis- 
 tributed both directly and through the press of the 
 state. A press bureau was maintained that supplied 
 a weekly service to every newspaper and a large 
 part of this was used regularly by the papers of un- 
 questioned loyalty. Many thousands of men and 
 women visited the state headquarters and hundreds 
 the county headquarters to present complaints or to 
 seek advice or help. In this way much information 
 was received as to dependents of men in the service, 
 food hoarding, outcropping of disloyalty and many 
 other matters with appropriate action following. 
 
 Much attention was given to law enforcement. It 
 was rightly assumed that the commission had the 
 right, in the public interest, to use the strong arm 
 of force to suppress disloyalty, prevent wastage of 
 men and material and preserve public order. It not 
 only assumed that right but did not hesitate to act. 
 
 In this branch of its work the war Ijoard aimed 
 not only to jail or otherwise punish individual trai- 
 tors but to make malefactors generally realize that 
 many things which in peace times would be insig- 
 nificant were serious in war times and to hearten 
 loyal men and women with the thought that the 
 state was backing them up in their endeavors with 
 a fearless and properly equipped organization, given 
 extraordinary war-time powers. 
 
 The report of the Minnesota Public Safety Asso- 
 ciation (Dec. 31, 1918) discussing the Association's 
 activities in the suppression of disloyalty, analyzes 
 a condition that applies in I\Iartin county as fully as 
 elsewhere in the state. The report says: 
 
 "Today we are at the close of a successful war and 
 our people are unitedly welcoming their returning 
 sons and brothers, or honoring the heroes among 
 them who died for their country's cause in a for- 
 eign land. It is hard in such an environment and at 
 such a time to realize the indifference, pacifist senti- 
 ment and even opposition to the war which pre- 
 vailed in some parts of Minnesota two years ago. 
 
 "Even before Congress declared war many of our 
 people, irrespective of their racial origins or affilia- 
 tions, appreciated the significance of the contest in 
 Europe, and were openly and heartily in favor of 
 our entering the war. But this was by no means 
 true of all our people. Some of them at first could 
 not see why we should get into it at all. There are 
 several explanations of this. Many of our people 
 did not understand the principles governing ocean 
 traffic nor grasp the paramount importance of main- 
 taining the rights of the country and its citizens un- 
 der the established law of the sea. We live far from 
 the coast and thousands of us had never seen the 
 ocean or the big ships which sail on it. The senti- 
 ments of these people were reflected in the votes 
 of some of Minnesota's representatives in the two 
 houses of Congress on the McLemore resolution. 
 
 Another explanation was the racial situation in the 
 state. We had a population of about 2,000,000 by 
 the 1910 census, and more than seventy per cent of 
 these were either foreign born or of foreign parent- 
 age on one or both sides. Out of the two million 
 nearly five hundred thousand were born in either 
 Germany or Austria or were of German or Austrian 
 parentage. There were many sections where the 
 English language was not spoken and, in some cases, 
 not understood; where the English language newspa- 
 pers did not circulate, and where a foreign tongue 
 was the medium of communication in church and 
 school, in the home and in business relations. 
 
 "Thousands of these men of foreign origin, in- 
 cluding those of German blood, favored the war 
 before we got into it and after the declaration thou- 
 sands of them, who had not before been in sympathy 
 with our participating, promptly caught the spirit 
 of the nation's war purposes, appreciated the con- 
 sideration which forced us into the war, and be- 
 came prominent and active in mobilization. But 
 some of tliem were of another mind. A part of 
 
 FRANK A. DAY. 
 
 Editor of Fairmont Sentinel since 1874. Member of E.xecutive 
 Committee of War Board. Had two sons in service. 
 
 these had personal associations with Germany before 
 the United States entered the war, and for this 
 reason wanted Germany to win, and even after the 
 United States entered the war. could not reconcile 
 themselves to tlie thought of Germany's defeat. It 
 was a shock to others of them who had themselves 
 or whose fathers had come from Europe to escape 
 from military service and the quarrels of dynasties. 
 to see the United States drawn into the whirlpool 
 of world politics. They opposed this before the dec- 
 laration, and the attitude of some of them remained 
 the same even after the declaration. The test of 
 loyalty in war times is whether a man is whole- 
 heartedly for the war and subordinates everything 
 else to its successful prosecution. There were many 
 in Minnesota in 1917 who were not loyal in this 
 sense. Some of them were traitors, deserving of 
 their fate which followed. Some of them were good 
 citizens in most of the concerns of life and as long 
 as this type of the disloyal thought and acted as in- 
 dividuals, no public danger attended their perverted 
 attitude. 'The public danger came when the anti- 
 war feeling assumed the shape of concerted and pub- 
 lic propaganda, and it assumed this shape here in 
 
 24 
 
the spring and summer of 191T. The ^Minnesota men 
 who were disloyal in the sense above defined then 
 formed a constituency of considerable size and there 
 appeared leaders and spokesmen to organize tliem 
 and give expression to their opinions. Misinterpret- 
 ing the constitutional guaranty of freedom of speech 
 and of the press, these leaders thought, or pretended 
 to think, that even in war times they could prop- 
 erly oppose the government's policies in speech and 
 writings. These leaders were of three classes: (\) 
 Professional and theoretical pacifists who or.ganizcd 
 for a nation-wide anti-war campaign, the so-called 
 People's Peace Council and similar bodies; (2) Men 
 of pro-German traditions and sympathies, who were 
 opposed to the war because Germany was one of 
 the combatants. The troubles from this type of 
 leaders showed themselves first most conspicuously 
 in the Minnesota Valley, culminating in the New 
 Ulm episode of July, 1017; (3) Professional politi- 
 cians of the Socialist or Non-partisan league stamp, 
 who sought to win votes at their country's cost by 
 pandering to treasonable sentiment. The Commis- 
 sion undertook to kindle the back fires of patriotism 
 among the rank and file of this ilk by devices already 
 referred to. With the leaders it used the mailed 
 fist." 
 
 In combatting and supressing disloyalty some of 
 the more prominent actions in the state was the pre- 
 vention, by order of Gov. Burnquist who at all times 
 closely co-ordinated the executive function with 
 that of the commission, of the national conference of 
 the Peace Council at Minneapolis, September, 19t7; 
 preferred charges at Washington against pro-Ger- 
 man newspapers and endeavored to have them ex- 
 cluded from the mails; instituted proceedings against 
 the mayor, city attorney and others who sponsored 
 the anti-draft demonstration in New Ulm, July, 
 1917; collated evidence against socialistic agitators 
 and laid such evidence before the United States dis- 
 trict attorney; cited the president of the Non-parti- 
 san League before the commission for examination; 
 preferred charges against United States Senator La- 
 Follette for his speech at St. Paul in September, 
 1917, and asked his expulsion; exercised a constant 
 surveillance of public gatherings, some of which were 
 prevented by force in Martin county, when their ob- 
 jects appeared to the war board to be seditionary, 
 disloyal and calculated to hamper, hinder and harass 
 the government in the prosecution of the war. 
 
 Again quoting from the Commission's official re- 
 port there follows a summary of the factors that 
 made and maintained Minnesota as a loyal common- 
 wealth during tlie trying war period: 
 
 "The most powerful agency were the newspapers 
 of the state, which with few exceptions struck and 
 sustained a high tone of loyal agitation. The coun- 
 ty ofiicers performed duties outside their statutory' 
 obligations with real zeal and fidelity. The patriotic 
 leagues, loyalty leagues, four minute men associa- 
 tions and other similar bodies were of .great value in 
 kindling tlie fires of patriotism. * * * Effective team 
 work and union of efforts between all were secured 
 and greater results for the public good achieved." 
 
 Ceaseless activity characterized the county War 
 Board. It was on the job days, nights, Sundaj'S. Its 
 officers, executive committee and members were 
 constantly ready to perform any duty asked of them. 
 County headquarters were maintained in Fairmont 
 at the offices of the chairman, Clifford E. Jones. 
 During the more active months of the war period 
 no day passed that there were not important mat- 
 ters to be dealt with. The board performed its du- 
 ties fearlessl}', conscientiously and patriotically. Due 
 to the efficient organization and with the fullest co- 
 operation of the precinct war boards in all parts of 
 
 the county no situation arose that was not handled 
 with expedition and thoroughness. 
 
 In one matter the board was specially fortunate. 
 It at all times had the heartiest support and co- 
 operation of a fearless and intensely loyal county 
 attorney and sheriff. The former office was held by 
 Albert R. Allen, who had two sons in service, and 
 the latter by William S. Carver, who was also a 
 member of the county draft board and an oflicer in 
 the Motor Corps. To what extent a tendency to 
 disloyalty in some sections was curbed through the 
 prompt and often drastic measures taken by these 
 two officials cannot be accurately approximated. 
 They fully realized that the country was at war. 
 that disloyalty and treason to some extent existed 
 and if allowed to show itself without prompt sup- 
 pression serious trouble would ensue. Sedition and 
 unlawful assembly statutes and war measures were 
 therefore vigorously enforced. There were a con- 
 siderable number of prosecutions and convictions, 
 details of which may well be omitted at this time 
 though those convicted will he held obiects of ob- 
 loquy and scorn so long as they remain personally 
 or in the memory of loyal citizens residents of Mar- 
 tin county. 
 
 On one occasion use of the rural guards was in- 
 voked. June 8, 1918, a meeting was advertised in 
 the northwestern part of the county by an organ- 
 ization considered disloyal. The principal address 
 was to have been given by a candidate for govern- 
 or of Minnesota, wliose vote at the November elec- 
 tion of the same year was an accurate "loyalty 
 map" of the county. Sheriff Carver was ordered to 
 use whatever force was necessary to prevent the 
 meeting. More than 1,000 persons assembled. The 
 sheriff, deputies and many of the rural guards, under 
 arms, were present. As soon as the speaker under- 
 took to address the crowd he and other ringleaders 
 were arrested. Trouble was narrowly averted but 
 despite hot-headed acts by one or two law and or- 
 der prevailed. It is but fair to state that many in 
 the assemblage were loyal, being attracted by curi- 
 osity to the meeting. 
 
 Following each of the four liberty loans there 
 were complaints of persons who either actually ob- 
 structed the work by disloyal utterances and teach- 
 ings or refused to subscribe their allotted amounts. 
 The same thing was true in drives for Red Cross, 
 united welfare and other funds. In the third and 
 fourth loans especially, the war board being then 
 vested with extraordinary powers by the Public 
 Safety Association, there were large numbers of 
 reluctant and obstinate bond buyers summoned be- 
 fore the board. In each case there was careful in- 
 vestigation and if found financially able the recal- 
 citrant was forced to take bonds in proportion to 
 his means. Extended sessions were held for the in- 
 vestigation of these cases and there were several 
 convictions in district court growing therefroin. 
 
 The war board was a most iinportant part of the 
 splendid "army behind the armies" that so thor- 
 oughly unified the nation in its support of the war. 
 The work of its members was second in importance 
 only to that of the fighting men at the front. The 
 men who gave so fulh' and freely in this service are 
 entitled to and accorded gratitude and honor from 
 every citizen who stood squarely and loyally behind 
 the government and its armed forces. In the try- 
 ing period of international strife they formed a bul- 
 wark of strength that not only effectually resisted 
 the intrigues and desires of those of our own popu- 
 lation who were disposed to lend aid and comfort 
 to the enetny but made possible the carrying 
 through to successful eventuation every activity 
 tending to the triumph of our armies and navy. 
 
^L'Zy' 
 
ADAMS, Walter W. (1) 
 
 Chairman Public Safety, Nashville Twp. Active in all war work. 
 Had a son in service. Has resided in Martin County 52 years. 
 
 BROCKMAN. George E. (IG) 
 
 Red Cross chairman and active war worker. Triumph. Post- 
 master at Triumph. Born in Martin County. I lad a son in 
 service. 
 
 ALLEN, William E. (2) 
 
 Chairman V. M. C. A. and War Board member, Rolling Green 
 Twp. On all drives. Born in Martin County Sept. ii, 1867. 
 Had a son in service. 
 
 BRODT, Herman W. (17) 
 
 Chairman of ^^ M. C. A. for Fraser Twp., and solicitor on all 
 drives. Born at Martin County, Minn., Nov. 14, 1880. 
 
 ALSWORTH, Reed C. (3) 
 
 Liberty Loan Chairman and war worker on all drives, Jay Twp. 
 Had a son in service. 
 
 BROUN, A. G. T. (18) 
 
 Mfiiihcr War Buard, Sherhurn, Liberty Loan, Red Cross, etc. 
 Two sons in service. Came to Martin County, April 3, 1884. 
 Born at Ldinburg. Scotland, Dec. 18, 1866. 
 
 ALTON, A. E. (4) 
 
 Chairman of Y. M. C. A. and member of War Board, Ceylon. 
 Native of Martin County. Active in all war work. 
 
 BROWN, Wilbur G. (19) 
 
 Member War Board of Rolling Green Twp. Born in Wisconsin, 
 Jan. 7, 1864. Resident of Martin County since July, 1864. 
 Twp. Chairman America First and engaged in all war activities. 
 Two sons in service, one on honor roll. 
 
 AMMANN, Frank. (5) 
 
 Mfiiihcr of War i'.nard, Manyaska Twp, 
 Wis., May u, 1S73 
 
 Born at Dodge Co.. 
 Red Cross chairman and active in all war 
 
 BULFER, John. (20) 
 
 K. C. chairman, I-airtnont Twp. 
 14, 1880. 
 
 Born at Sublette, 111., Dec. 
 
 APPELQUIST, C. G. (6) 
 
 Member W^ar Board, Uunnell. Born in Sweden, Aug. 21, 1871. 
 Worked in all civilian activities and drives. Two sons in the 
 service. 
 
 BULOCK, George W. (21) 
 
 Chairman Public Safety, Fraser Twp. On all war drives. 
 Born at Grant County, Wis., Nov. 4, i860. Resident of Martin 
 County since 1872. 
 
 AXFORD, C. Claude. (7) 
 
 ^■. .M. ;". A. cliairniaii and active nicniber of War Board, Rutland 
 Twp. IJorn Jan. 2, 1S88, at Salisbury, England. Worked in all 
 jrives. 
 
 BURKE, Richard. (22) 
 
 K. C. secretary and member of War Board, Cedar Twp. Born in 
 Illinois. June iz, 1865. Active in all war drives. 
 
 BECKER, A. C. (8) 
 
 War Savings chairman and active War Board member. Rutland 
 Twp. Town clerk. Took part in all drives. 
 
 BURTON, B. A. (23) 
 
 Member War Board and [liberty Loan Committee, Granada and 
 Center Creek. 
 
 BEHRENS, Julius C. (9) 
 
 ChaiT iiKiii. l-ilicrty Loan. Fraser Twp. Born Feb. 2, 188S. 
 Fraser Twp., Martin County. Active in all Liberty Loan, Ked 
 Cross and other drives. 
 
 BURNS, John. (24) 
 
 .Member War lioard. East Chain Twp. Two sons in service. 
 Liberty Loan. Red Cross and other war activities. Resident of 
 Martin County since 189J. Born in Wis., Sept. 6, 1865. 
 
 BLANCHAR, Clarence L. (10) 
 
 Chairman Public .Safety and War Board member. Fox Lake 
 Twp. Born at Money Creek, Minn., Feb. 20, 1876. On all 
 drives. 
 
 BUTZ, J. A., M. D. (2.5) 
 
 Chairman of l.ihert\' Loans, Monterey. Member Medical Ad- 
 visory Board. t hairnian Triumph-Monterey Chapter Red Cross. 
 Member X'olunteer Medical Service Corps. Member Motor Corps. 
 Born at Uysart, Iowa, Aug. 30. 1878. 
 
 BOLER, A. M. (11) CANRIGHT, Harry H. (2G) 
 
 Kcd O-uss cbairman, .Xashvillc Twp. Born at Nashville, Oct. chairm:in I'lihljc Safety, cily of I'airmont. Member of War 
 
 Bnnrd. Captain of Home (lUard Co. Born in Martin County, 
 1878. 
 
 Assisted in all war work. 
 
 BOMBOY, Ned R. (12) CARLSON, John. (27) 
 
 Red Cross Chan-man, I'airmont City. Served on many war com- chairman Public Safety, Elm Creek Twp., and active in all war 
 """^'^^- work. Born in Sweden, July 5, 1865. 
 
 BORCHARDT, Robert. (13) 
 
 CARLSON, Maynard. (28) 
 
 Liberty Loan chaivman, Manyaska, Twp. Active worker on all ( |,,',i,n,an. Pleasant Prairie Twp. Born at Pleasant 
 
 War Board matters and <lnves. j,^^.,.,^ .j.^^.^, _ March 2, 1888. Served on all war drives. 
 
 BOUDRYE, Eli. (14) 
 
 CARTER, Frederick W. (29) 
 
 Liberty Loan chairman, Ciranada. Prominent and active in all Chairman Liberty Loan and member War Board, Galena Twp. 
 war activities. Native of Martin County. O,^ all drives, active war worker. Born in England, March 17, 
 
 1870. Came to Martin County in 1890. 
 
 BOYCE, William R. (1.5) 
 
 Chairman, 3rd and 4th Liberty Loans, Rutland Twp., after 
 
 return from service. Born in Rutland Twp., June 4, 1S70. 
 
 Veteran of Siianish War, Mexican border and W^orld War. 
 Had son in service. 
 
 CHRISTENSEN, C. H, (30) 
 
 Cliairman K. C. and member War Board. Galena Twp. Born 
 .luly 27, iS.sg, at Calamus, Iowa. Worked on Liberty Loan and 
 Red Cross drives. Had a son in the service. 
 
 27 
 
i:^ .^^y^-^^k^ 
 
COLEMAN, Charles E. (1) 
 
 Member War Hoard, jrti Ward, Fairmont. Born at Mcilenry 
 County, III.. March 22, 1848. Civil War veteran, Co. C, 142nd 
 111. \'ol. Inf. Connected with all war drives and activities. 
 
 GEMMILL, John M. (1(5) 
 
 V. M. C. A. chairman, Jay Twp. Born Ontario, Canada, July 
 25, 1867. Came to Martin County in 1916. Very active in all 
 war work. 
 
 COOPER, Ezra A. (2) 
 
 C li.'iii mail riililic Safety and on all drives, Dunnell. Minn. Born 
 at Dodge County. Wis., ^Marcli 21, 1863. Resident of Martin 
 County since 1894. 
 
 CROSS, C. H. (3) 
 
 Y. M. C. A. chairman, Jay Twp. and member of county War 
 Board. Born at Cazenovia, 111., Aug. 8, 1874. Active in all 
 war work. 
 
 GERBER, John. (17) 
 
 I'uel administrator, Welcome. Born at Booneville, N. J., May 
 
 6, iS6i. 
 
 GOETZ, George. (18) 
 
 C bairman Amtrica birst. Fraser Twp. Born Green Lake County, 
 \\is., Feb. 25, 1859. Came to Martin County, 1870. Had a son 
 in the service. 
 
 CROWTHER, Addison T. (4) 
 
 Cliairnian ^'. M. C. A. and on all war drives, Fairmont Twp. 
 Born at Waui'un, Wis.. Jan. 19, 1859. Resident on one farm in 
 Martin County since 1S65. 
 
 GOULD, Fred C. (19) 
 
 I'ublic Safety chairman and member war board, Fairmont Twp. 
 Worked on all drives and committees. Life long resident of 
 Martin County. Had two sons in service. 
 
 DAVISON, Charles B. (5) 
 
 Red Cross chairman, Center Creek Twp. Born Center Creek 
 Twp., April 20, 1878. Active in all war drives and loyalty 
 work. 
 
 DREWES, Henry H. (6) 
 
 Y. M. C. A. secretary, and member of War Board, Galena Twp. 
 Active in all war matters. 
 
 GRAY, William. (20) 
 
 Cluiinnaii Liberty Loan and War Board. Lake Belt Twp. Born 
 at Cedar County, Iowa, Xov. 6, 1852. Came to Martin County 
 in 1904. 
 
 GRIGGS, James D. (21) 
 
 Mt-mber Executive Committee, Public Safety Association. Born at 
 New York City, March i6. 1853. Civil War veteran. Post- 
 master at Truman. Active on Liberty Loan and other drives. 
 
 DICKINSON, Fred. (7) 
 
 War Sa\iii^;s cliairman and member War Board. Fairmont Twp. 
 Native of Martin County. General war worker. 
 
 GRILL, Charles. (22) 
 
 Chairman War Savmgs and Fuel Administrator, Sherburn. Born 
 at Clinton County, Iowa, Dec i, 1869. Came to Martin County 
 in 1892. Active on all war drives. 
 
 DRAEGERT, Emil. (8) 
 
 Meiiiber county war board. West ford Twp. Chairman Red 
 Cross committee and took part in all war drives. Born at 
 Keokuk county, Iowa, March 19, 1861. 
 
 GRILL, William. (23) 
 
 Chairman Red Cross and member War Board, Elm Creek Twp. 
 Born at DeWitt. Iowa, Aug. 18, 1868. Resided in Martin 
 County since 1895. Active in all war matters. 
 
 EDWARDS, Huntington P. (9) 
 
 C bairman Amtrica 1-irst and Liberty Loans, Fairmont. Born 
 at Ashtabula County, Ohio, Dec. 6, 1847. Resident of Minne- 
 sota since 1863. Served in the Civil War and had a son in mili- 
 tary service in World War. 
 
 HAGEN, John H. (24) 
 
 Cliairnian Public Safety, Galena Twp. Born in Galena Twp., 
 Sept. 12, 1877. Assisted in draft registration and all drives 
 of every character during the war. 
 
 EISENMENGER, John. (10) 
 
 K. C. cliairman, member of W'ar Board and worker on all com- 
 mittees. Jay Twp. 
 
 HALL, H. M. (25) 
 
 Chairman America First, member of War Board and draft regis- 
 trar, Nashville Twp. Born at Faribault county, Minn., Jan. 4, 
 1876. 
 
 EGLIN, Benj. L. (11) 
 
 Y. M. C. A. chairman and member War Board, Granada. Also 
 member of Motor Corps and Liberty Loan committees. Spanish 
 War veteran. Born at Anderson, Ind., Aug. 24, 1870. 
 
 HALKNEY, E. W. (36) 
 
 Chairman Liberty Loan and on all war drives, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Omro, Wis., Sept. 27, 1864. 
 
 EVANS, Manford C. (12) 
 
 Editor Sherburn Advance-Standard. Ran a loo per cent Ameri- 
 can newspaper during war. Native of Minnesota. 
 
 HARBER, N. C. (37) 
 
 War Savmgs chaiiman and member War Board Waverly Twp. 
 Worked on Liberty Loan and Red Cross drives. Born at Hamlin, 
 West Va., Aug. 3, i8S;. 
 
 FEELY, Patrick H. (13) 
 
 Chairman Safety Association, Silver Lake Twp. Born in Ireland, 
 March i8, 1862. Came to Martin County in 1887. Took part in 
 all drives. Had two sons in service. 
 
 HARRIS, Dan. (28) 
 
 War Board member. Silver Lake. Y. M. C. A. chairman. Did 
 work on all drives. Born Humboldt County, Iowa, April 3, 
 1876. Resident of Martin C^ounty since 1911. 
 
 FREDERICKSON, Frederick. (14) 
 
 Pastor Fairmont M. E. church. Active in Red Cross, Liberty 
 Loan and other drives. Served as speaker at many war meetings. 
 Born at Windom, Minn., Dec. 21, 1872. 
 
 HATCH, Orville C. (20) 
 
 Chairman America First, Center Creek Twp. Born in Martin 
 County, Sept. 19, 1885. Active worker on all drives. 
 
 GAUGH, Dr. W. H. (15) 
 
 Red Cross chairman, Granada. Took part in all drives and war 
 work. 
 
 HELVIG, Martin. (30) 
 
 Chairman of K. C. and member of War Board, Waverly Twp. 
 Active in all drives. Born at Clinton County, Iowa, March 29, 
 1872. Came to Martin County in 1901. 
 
 29 
 
HOLTZ, William. (1) 
 
 Chairman Liberty Loan and member War Board. Elm Creek Twp. 
 Coin in Germany, May 5, 1857. Active worker on all war mat- 
 ters. 
 
 LINDER, Albin W. (16) 
 
 Liberty Loan cliairnian. Lake Kremont Twp. 
 Martin County. 
 
 Native son of 
 
 HUSTON, Jesse R. (2) 
 
 Cliaiiman War Savings and member War Board, Ceylon, where he 
 was principal of schools. Organized Junior Red Cross. General 
 Ked Cross worker. Born Sauk Rapids, Minn., Feb. 5, 1890. 
 
 LINDER, John A. (17) 
 
 Chairman America First and member War Board, Dunnell. On 
 all Liberty Loan and Red Cross drives. Born at Rockford, 111., 
 Dec. 25, 186S. 
 
 JAHNKE, F. H. (3) 
 
 K. C. Chairman, War Board member, West ford Twp. Worked 
 on various drives. 
 
 LOWE, Franklin J. (18) 
 
 .Member War lioaid, Fairmont Twp. Twp. chairman for Liberty 
 Loan. Resided in Fairmont Twp. 39 years. Born at Chicago, 
 lil.. Aug. 19, 1877. 
 
 JENSEN, Peter. (4) 
 
 Chairman Liberty Loan, East Chain Twi^. Born in Denmark. 
 May 3, 1872. Came to Martin County in 1901. Active in all 
 drives. Two sons in service, one deceased. 
 
 LUCKE, George. (19) 
 
 Chairman America l-'irst. Jay Twp. Born in Michigan, Dec. 23, 
 1858. Resident of Martin County since 1904. Active in all 
 drives. 
 
 JOSTEN, Hans C. (5) 
 
 ( haiini;iii America hirst and member of War Board and solicitor 
 >in all di ives in Cedar Twp. Born in Norway, Dec. 1 8, j868. 
 I ame to Martin County in 1878. 
 
 MADAY, John. (20) 
 
 Chairman K. C. and member of War Board. East Chain Twp. 
 In all drives. Born at Lockport. 111., Oct. i, 1885. 
 
 JURGENSON, George C. ((,) 
 
 Chairman War Savings and solicitor Liberty Loans and Red 
 Cross. Wcstford Twj). Born in Denmark, May 20, 1877. Came 
 to .Martin County in 1878. 
 
 MADAY, Thomas. (21) 
 
 Red Cross chairman. War Board worker. Silver Lake Twp. Had 
 a son in service. 
 
 KAHLER, Theodore. (7) 
 
 ( haniirin n| War Sa\ logs and on all drives in Manyaska Twp. 
 Bui 11 at Du I'a^t- County. III., Nov. 19, 1S65. Resident of ]\Iartin 
 
 County since 18S4. 
 
 KEARNEY, Patrick J. (8) 
 
 I'astur of St. L'lke's Church. Sherburn. Born in Ireland, Aug. 
 20, 1888. Chaplain Martin County Motor C"orps. Assisted in 
 Red Cross, Salvation Army, Knights of Columbus and other 
 activities. 
 
 KRIEBS, Peter J. (9) 
 
 K. C . chairman and member War Board. Lake Fremont Twp. 
 Bi.rn in Luxemburg, May 17, 187J. Came to Martin County 
 1884. Solicitor in all drives. 
 
 MARTIN, A. C. (22) 
 
 Red Cross chairman. Cedar Twp. and worker on all war proj- 
 
 MAXWELL, John R. (23) 
 
 Chairman Public Safety, Center Creek Twp. Burn heb. 22, 1876, 
 at Martinsville. 111., jiid Lt. Co. C, 4tli Bn.. Motor Corps. 
 Helped put Center Creek over in all drives. 
 
 MILOW, Leo A. (24) 
 
 Member E.xecutive Committee County Public Safety Association. 
 County commissioner. Public -Safety and Liberty Loan chairman, 
 Tenhassen Twp. Born at Beecher, 111., Oct. 9, 1873. Came to 
 Martin County, 1891. 
 
 KRUEGER, Charles. (10) 
 
 Member War Board, Cialena Twp.. County Commissioner. Born 
 at Cook County. 111., April 6, 1874. Resided in Martin County 
 since 1883. Active in all township war drives. 
 
 MURRAY, Richard. (25) 
 
 Chairman Public Safety and connected with all War Board work 
 and drives. Rolling Green Twp. Born in Martin County, Jan. 
 13, 1869. Had a son in military service. 
 
 LAMPERD, James. (11) 
 
 Chairman Liberty Loan, Rolling Green Twp. Born at Southamp- 
 ton, England, Dec. 4, 1S68. Came to Martin County in iSS-'. 
 Assisted in Red Cross and all other war work. 
 
 MUSSER, Joseph C. (26) 
 
 Chairman I'ublie Safety, Rutland Tw]t. Born Steele County, 
 iMinn., Dec. 15, 1872. Resident of Martin County 40 years. In 
 all war activities. Had a son in service. 
 
 LANDSTEINER, Frank. (12) 
 
 K. C. Chairman and member War Board, 
 mi t tee worker. Had a son in service. 
 
 Tenhassen 
 
 Com- 
 
 MUSSMAN, George H. (27) 
 
 War Savings chairman, war worker, Rolling Green Twp. Had 
 
 son in service. 
 
 LARSON, Charles L. (13) 
 
 Chairman Public Safety and member of all war committees. 
 Lake Fremont Twp. Born in Sweden, Dec. 23, 187 1. Came to 
 Martin County in 18S3. 
 
 NILSSON, Sven. (28) 
 
 Chairman Y. M. C. .\., Tenhassen Twp. 
 2. 1854- 
 
 Born in Sweden, Dec. 
 
 LARSON, Oscar L. (14) 
 
 Public Safety Chairman, Jay Twp. Born in that Twp., Aug. 
 1881. Active war worker in all drives and meetings. 
 
 NOLTE, G. H. (29) 
 
 War Savings chairman, member of War Board, committee w^orker. 
 Eraser Twp. 
 
 LEVIK, Andrew. (15) 
 
 Chairman Liberty Loan, Waverly Twp. Born at Stavanger, 
 Norway, Sept. 20, 1866. Came to America in 1888. In all 
 civilian war activities. 
 
 NOWICKI, Frank J. (:;()) 
 
 War Board member fi om Silver Lak^ Twn. Twp. t hatrman 
 America First. Silver Lake had largest Twp. membership in 
 county — 160. Canvassed in all war drives. Born at Posen, 
 Poland, July 22, 1872. In Martin County since 1S82. 
 
 31 
 
NOWICKI, John S. (1) 
 
 Chaiiiiiaii Liberty Luan and active menibt-r uf War Itoanl, Sil- 
 ver Lake 'l"wp. Born at Posen, I'oland, Dtc. 12, 1876. Came 
 to Martin County in i8go. 
 
 ROHWEDDER, John E. (10) 
 
 Cliairniaii \ . AL C. A. and vice-chairman Liberty Loan, Elm 
 Creek Iwp. Born at Davenport. Iowa, July 26, 1871. Accepted 
 for enlistement just before armistice. Active in all war work. 
 
 OLSON, John. (2) 
 
 ROSA, George. (17) 
 
 Chairman Public Safety and on all Liberty T-^oan and Red Cross Red Cross cliairnian and worker in all war activities, Fairmont 
 drives. Cedar Twp. Born in Sweden, March 9, 1867. Came Twp. Had a son in service, 
 to Martin County in 1894. Had a son in military service. 
 
 OLSON, Mens. ^ 
 
 Chairman Pviblic Safety, West ford, on Liberty Loans and all 
 patriotic movements. Born in Sweden, Oct. 9, 186S. 
 
 ROWLEY, O. G. (18) 
 
 C liairmaii America First and member of War Board, East Chain 
 Twp. Active loyalty worker and on all drives. Born at East 
 Chain, Oct. 25, 1861. Had a son in military service. 
 
 PAUP, F. O. (4) 
 
 Chairman America First, Manyaska Twp.. and made drives for 
 everything called for. Born at Erie, Kansas, Jan. 7, 1875. 
 
 RYDER, Willis. (U») 
 
 V. M. C. A, chairman and member War Board, Westford Twp. 
 Took active part in all drives and war activities. Born at Dodge 
 County, Wis., Sept. 14. 1862. 
 
 PASLEY, Decatur C. (5) 
 
 War Sa\iiiij:s ch;iiniian. Lake Belt Twp. Born at Story County, 
 luwa. 1\1j. j5. I'S;4. As a member of the War Board did all he 
 could ti> help win the war. 
 
 SAGGAU, Henry A. (20) 
 
 Red Cross chairman and member War Board, Ceylon. Born at 
 Schoenberg, Ilolstein, Germany, Jan. 13. i86r. Active in all 
 war work. Had a son in military service. 
 
 PATCHIN, R. S. (6) 
 
 Liberty Loan chairman, Nashville Twp. On all war activities. 
 Born at Nashville Twp., Oct. 29, 1873. 
 
 PETERSON, C. Linus. (7) 
 
 Chairman War Savings, member uf War Board. Lake Fremont. 
 Twp. .^Vctive in all war work. 
 
 PETERSON, Peter J. E. (8) 
 
 Cliaii man i>i \. M. C. .\. and member of War Board, Waverly 
 Tw|i. In all dri\'i.'s. Bum at Clinton County, Iowa, Jan. 24, 
 1886. Came to Martin County in 1892. 
 
 PLATH, William A. (9) 
 
 Red Cross cliairman, Teuhassen Twp. and member County War 
 Board. Born in Illinois, Oct. 4. 1874. Resident of Martin 
 County over 30 years. General war worker in all activities. 
 
 SALISBURY, John C. (21) 
 
 ( liairman America I'irst. Slicrburn, and solicitor in all Red Cross, 
 Liberty Loan and other drives. Born at Saxboro, Vermont, 
 May 27, 1861. Resident of .Martin County 25 years. Had a 
 son in the service. 
 
 SANDIN, Frank A. (22) 
 
 Chairman V. M. C. A. and on Liberty Loan and Red Cross 
 drives, Dunnell. Born at Pecatonica, 111., April 4, 1870. Came 
 to Martin County same year. 
 
 SANTEE, Simon. {23) 
 
 Chairman America First, Fairmont Twp. Born in Pennsylvania, 
 
 SARGENT, David A. (24) 
 
 Chairman of Liberty Loan, Westford Twp. Born in New Hamp- 
 shire in 1854. Early settler of Martin County. 
 
 PROUTY, James S. (10) 
 
 Meinl>er War Board. Granada. .Assisted Liberty Loan and Red 
 Cross drives. Member motor corps. Born Steuben County, 
 N. Y., Sept. 15, 1867. 
 
 SARTORIUS, H. H. (25) 
 
 Chairman America First and member War Board. Welcome. Had 
 a son in service. 
 
 PYTLESKI, John. (U) 
 
 Chairman I'ublic Safety and K. of C, Silver Lake Twp. Mem- 
 ber of motor corps and rural guards. General war worker. 
 
 SEABERG, G. M. (26) 
 
 (_"liriirinan America First, 'I'rurnaii. Born Vestergotland, Swede 
 Feb. 24, 1S78. 
 
 RABBE, Dick. (12) 
 
 Chairman Liberty Loan and active on all War Board matters, 
 Cedar Twp. Horn in Ciermany, April 16, 1877. Resident of 
 Martin County since 1897. 
 
 SHEPPARD, Harry. (27) 
 
 Chairman Public Safety Commission, Waverly Twp. Born in 
 England, July 21. j866. In all loan and charitable drives. 
 
 REDING, P. C. (13) 
 
 Y. M. C. A. Chairn.an and member County War Board, Monterey, 
 Minn. Roi-n at Algona, Iowa, April i, 1892. 
 
 SILCOX, Marion H. (28) 
 
 Chairman V. M. C. A., Lake Fremont Twp., and active in all 
 Liberty Loan and other drives. Born at Lake Fremont Twp., 
 Oct. 17, 1885. 
 
 RHOADS, W. A. (14) 
 
 Chairman America First, Monterey. Member Liberty Loan com- 
 mittees. Born at Lancaster, Mo., Jan. 19, 1873. 
 
 ROEBKE, John L. (15) 
 
 Cliairman Red Cross, Sherburn, Minn. Also engaged in other 
 war u nrk. Through his free services as auctioneer tens of 
 thousands of dollars were raised at Red Cross auctions in Martin 
 and other comities. Born at Ontario ville, 111., Nov. 24, 1870. 
 Had a son in service. 
 
 SILL, Frank M. (29) 
 
 Chairman .\meriea First. Leylon, and on all drives. Born in 
 Ohio. Oct. JO, 1S5T. Came to Martin County in i8gi. 
 
 SILL, Guy M. (30) 
 
 Chairman America First. Tenhassen Twp. and on all drives. 
 Born at Wright County. Iowa, Dec, 8, 1878. Resident of 
 Martin County since igoi. 
 
 33 
 
SJOGREN, Carl. (1) 
 
 Chairman War Savings, Cedar Twp. Born in Sweden, Oct. 
 29, 187 1. Active in all war work. 
 
 THOMPSON, G. Curtiss. (13) 
 
 Red Cross chairman, Fraser Twp. Member county War Board. 
 Born Nov. 17, 1875, at Alma City, Minn. Active in all war 
 matters. 
 
 SNYDER, Fred C. (2) 
 
 Chairmnn Anit-rica l'"irst and active in all drives. Rutland Twp. 
 Born at Churchvillc, N. Y., March 28, 1871. Resident of Martin 
 County since 1871. 
 
 VOGEL, William. (14) 
 
 Chaii'man 5th Liberty Loan aiid solicitor in all drives, Fairmont 
 Twi>. Born in Germany, July 22, 1882, came to Martin County 
 in 1897. 
 
 SOPER, David. (3) 
 
 \'. M. C. A. chairnian and in all War Board activities, Fox 
 Lake Twp. lUtrn at I'ort Hope, Canada, March 2, 1864. Resi- 
 dent of ^lartin County since 1866. 
 
 VOLLRATH, William. (15) 
 
 Member Executive Committee County Safety Association. Chair- 
 man board of county commissioners. Born Will County, 111., 
 April 7, 1873. Resident Martin County since 1888. Red Cross 
 chairman Lake Fremont Twp., active in all Liberty Loan and 
 other drives. 
 
 SORENSEN, Martin M. (4) 
 
 Liberty Loan chairman, 
 mark. 
 
 Dunnell. 
 
 WARTMAN, Peter. (16) 
 
 Born Dec. 5, 1883, in Den- Safety Cnmmission cliairman, Monterey. Born in Carver County, 
 :\linn., March 6, 1869. Member of all local committees and on 
 all drives. 
 
 SPIELMAN, Frank H. (5) 
 
 War S;i\'ings chairman, Fox Lake Twp. Born at St. Charles, 
 .Minn., April 14, 1883. On Liberty Loan and Red Cross drives. 
 
 WELLCOME, Bert, (ir) 
 
 Chairman America First and Member of War Board and all 
 committees. Kim Creek Twp. Born at Cerro Gordo County, 
 Iowa, April 22, 1877. Came to Martin County in 1885. 
 
 SPRAGUE, John H. (6) 
 
 Member of War Board, Kutland Twp. Liberty Loan, Legal 
 Advisory Board, Red Cross and other war activities. 
 
 STEELE, Lora W. (7) 
 
 l-!.xtfcutive Committee, Martin County Public Safety Association, 
 Cedar Twp. Born Cedar 'i w'l'., Martin County, Aug. 19, 1877. 
 Active in all war work. 
 
 STREIT, N. G. (8) 
 
 ( liairniaii K. C. Ftutland Twp. and active on all war drives. 
 
 SULLIVAN, George. (9) 
 
 Cliairinriii .\nuriLa [■"irst. Pleasant Prairie. Born Martin County, 
 .Minn., Jan. 23, 1S74. .\ctive in all war drives. 
 
 TERNBERG, C. W. (10) 
 
 Chairman War Savings, East Chain Twp., and on all Liberty Loan 
 and other drives and all war activities. Born in Sweden, Oct. 
 12, 1881. 
 
 WENBERG, August. (18) 
 
 Red Crcis* t hairman. Dunnell. and member county War Board. 
 Born in Sweden, Oct. 22, 1867, came to Martin County in 1870. 
 In all war drives. Postmaster at Dunnell. Had two sons in 
 service. 
 
 WHERLAND, Frank H. (19) 
 
 Chairman Safctv Commission and member War Board. Welcome. 
 Born in England, May i8, 1867. Came to Martin County in 
 1876. On all war drives. 
 
 WILTSE, Wilber W. (20) 
 
 Chairman American First and member War Board from Lake 
 Belt Twp. Born at Lake Belt Twp., Jan. 24, 1887. Member 
 of Motor Corps and general war worker. 
 
 WOHLHUTER, Philip. (21) 
 
 Libtrt>' Loan cliairman. worker on all drives. Fox Lake Twp. 
 Had two sons in service. 
 
 WOODS, J. R. (23) 
 
 Chairman America First, Lake Fremont Twp. Member of Motor 
 Corps. Born at Estherville, Iowa, Aug. 22, 1 890. 
 
 TERVEER, John. (11) 
 
 Chairman of War Savings and K. C., Elm Creek Twp. Born in 
 Germany, June 24, 1871. Came to jMartin County i8g8. Loyal 
 worker on all drives. 
 
 WORTHLEY, Prentiss D. (23) 
 
 Chairman V. M. C. A., Jay Twp. and member County War Board. 
 Born at Bangor, Maine, Nov. 20, 1850. Solicitor in the various 
 war drives. 
 
 THATE, Charles F. (13) nuTHT vv 
 
 Liberty Loan chairman. Pleasant Prairie Twp., and member WORTHLEY, Ralph H. (34) 
 
 county War Board. Born at Hanover, Germany, April 23, 1868. War Savings chairman and worker of war drives, Galena Twp. 
 
 Loyal worker in all war drives. Native of Martin County. 
 
 35 
 
Co. B, 6th Battalion Home Guard 
 
 W'itli the declaration of war it was a certainty that 
 the national guard of the state, consisting of three 
 regiments of infantry and one of artillery (with aux- 
 iliary units) would be speedily called to federal ser- 
 vice outside the state. This emergency left the state 
 facing a situation where military forces at the dis- 
 posal of the governor for such internal necessity as 
 might arise were wholly lacking. 
 
 With tremendous industries vital to the success 
 of the war, a large element of the population whose 
 attitude toward the war was hostile or poorly un- 
 derstood, and threatened industrial disturbances, it 
 was at once apparent to the State Safety Commis- 
 sion that some kind of armed, disciplined and trained 
 force was immediately necessary. 
 
 One of the earliest orders of the commission, No. 
 3, dated April 28, 1917, provided for the organization 
 of the Home Guard of Minnesota, this body to be 
 under the direct command of the governor, eligible 
 to duty within the state only, and organized into 
 seven separate battalions, later increased to ten, dis- 
 tributed throughout the state at such points as the 
 commander in chief might designate. 
 
 The period of enlistment was for the period of 
 the war. To be eligible for enlistment men were 
 required to be without the limits of draft age or prop- 
 erly e.xempted from federal military duty. Mem- 
 bers served without pay except when actually on 
 duty away from their home stations when they were 
 paid a nominal sum. 
 
 Under this order Gov. Burnquist assigned Co. B 
 of the (ith Battalion to Fairmont. A proper number 
 of members was speedily obtained and on July 18, 
 1917, Harry H. Canright, a former national guards- 
 man with long experience as both enlisted man and 
 officer, was commissioned captain. Ernest N. Chute, 
 formerly captain of Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., national 
 guard, which had been called into federal service, 
 was commissioned first lieutenant on Aug. 23, 1917. 
 On the same date Emil C. Belina, also with exten- 
 sive national guard experience, was commissioned 
 second lieutenant. 
 
 Capt. Canright was a druggist, Lieut. Chute a vet- 
 erinary surgeon and implement dealer, and Lieut. 
 Belina proprietor of a garage. All resided at Fair- 
 mont. After 11 months of service Lieut. Chute re- 
 signed upon the re-organization of the Minnesota 
 national guard to again accept the captaincy of Co. 
 G, 5th Infantry, stationed at Fairmont, and the sub- 
 ject of a suitable sketch in another part of this vol- 
 ume. To fill the vacancy thus created Sergt. G. H. 
 Borgwardt was commissioned 2nd Lieut, and Lieut. 
 Belina promoted to 1st Lieut. 
 
 One hundred and twenty-two men served in Co. 
 B. Several of these were dischar.ged July 30, 1918, 
 to enlist in the national guard. A few were dis- 
 charged before the final disbandin,g of the command 
 for removal from company station and other causes. 
 The personnel included many of the most prominent 
 business and professional men of Fairmont. Many 
 of them had previous military experience and the 
 command was always at a high state of efficiency and 
 discipline. 
 
 Fred W. Kramer, James H. Clark, Herman A. 
 Frankfurt, Robert W. Stewart and F. L. Graham 
 were veterans of the Spanish-American war. John 
 Krumholz and Erwin Olson served several months 
 in the World War, havin.g been discharged for 
 physical deficiency. C. J. Timms and H. E. Wolfe 
 
 were discharged to enter Y. M. C. A. war work 
 abroad. G. W. Dewey and R. C. Lowe left the 
 command to become officers in the medical corps of 
 the U. S. army. Claude O. Willette also entered the 
 U. S. army but was physically disqualified after a 
 short time. Privates E. C. Hyde, E. E. Leonard, 
 A. B. Loonier, Richard A. Murray and C. W. Patter- 
 son had sons in the army. 
 
 Rifles were issued the Home Guard by the state 
 of Minnesota but they provided their own uniforms 
 and other equipment. This was accomplished by in- 
 dividual donations and various enterprises by which 
 funds were raised. The company put on a minstrel 
 show at Fairmont and other towns which netted a 
 fine sum. So well were finances managed that at 
 demobilization the company had funds for a final 
 farewell banquet and some money left over. 
 
 Regular weekly drill was held and faithfully at- 
 tended. Due to the former experience of many of 
 the members the company quickly became 100 per 
 cent efficient in the manual of arms, school of the 
 soldier, squad, platoon and company. They pre- 
 sented a fine appearance on the many public occa- 
 sions where they appeared. 
 
 The only call to active duty came to the company 
 Dec. 13, 1917. A general strike of street car and 
 other workers in the Twin Cities was called and 
 anticipating possible disorder several companies of 
 the Home Guard were called out by Gov. Burnquist, 
 among them Co. B, which went to Minneapolis. 
 
 The weather was severe, registering 20 below zero. 
 Co. B left Fairmont in the early morning of the 
 13th only to be informed upon their arrival at Min- 
 neapolis that the strike was called ofif. The com- 
 pany returned to its home station late on the 14th. 
 Thus did their only prospect of serious duty re- 
 solve itself into a holiday. 
 
 Upon the several occasions when service men 
 entrained at Fairmont for the various camps the 
 Home Guard marched with them to the train as an 
 escort of honor. As the war progressed and from 
 time to time there was shipped back to the home 
 town the body of some soldier whose life had been 
 given in the service details from Co. B attended 
 the obsequies, according the final military honors 
 due to one who died for his country. In this sad 
 capacity Co. B visited nearly every town and villa.ge 
 in Martin countj^ and on a few occasions officiated 
 outside the county. 
 
 Armistice Day brought to a close the occasion for 
 which the guards were organized. The organization 
 was maintained for several weeks thereafter, how- 
 ever, and the command participated in the various vic- 
 tory celebrations which marked that and succeeding 
 dates. The last regular drill was held Dec. 28, 1918. 
 
 Co. B has never been formally mustered out but 
 ceased to e.xist of its own volition early in 1919. 
 Possibly at some future time the state will recognize 
 the service so freely and loyally given by the .guard 
 members with honorable discharges. How impor- 
 tant was this service can only be conjectured. That 
 the presence of such organizations as Co. B through- 
 out the state lent security to life and property, sta- 
 bilized the public morale and held in check any ten- 
 dency toward organized disloyalty or opposition to 
 the war cannot be controverted. Had the avenues of 
 active military service been open to them there is 
 no doubt that the members generally would have 
 been identified with the combat forces in the World 
 War. 
 
 36 
 
Roster Co. B, 6th Battalion, Home Guard of Minnesota. 
 
 Name Rank Affe Mustered in Remarks 
 
 Canright, Harry H Capt. 38 Jul. 18,1917 Clustered out with Co. 
 
 Chute, Ernest \ 1st Lt. 45 Aug. 2:!. 1917 Discharged to accept com- 
 mission in Nat'l Guard 
 
 Belina, Emil C IstLt. 32 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Borgwardt, George H 2d Lt. 32 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Thompson, Orrin C 1st Sgt. 33 Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Dec. 28, 1917. 
 
 Olson, Frank A 1st Sgt. 41 .\ug. 23, 1917 Clustered out with Co. 
 
 Parker, Ralph K Sup. Sgt. 30 Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Oct. 11, 191S 
 
 Beyer, Fred W Sergt. 41 .\ug. 23. 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Santee. Frank Sergt. 3.j ■'^ug. 23. 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Kuss, Edward C Sergt. 29 -^ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Jackman, Charles O Corp. 38 .'\ug. 23, 1917 Discliarged .March l.^), 1918 
 
 Wilson, Isaac Corp. 36 .\ug. 23, 1017 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Sargent, William N Corp. 32 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Lovell, John W Corp. 31 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Jones, Ray M Corp. 31 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Flygare, Edward R Corp. 4fi .\ug. 23, 1917 IMustered out with Co. 
 
 Krumkolz, Frank C Corp. 37 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Hyde, Edwin C Corp. 52 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Swearingen, George ..Corp. 41 --^ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Kramer. Fred W Musician 41 ."\ug. 23, 1917 Discharged July 30. 1918 
 
 Allison, John W Private 52 .-Xug. 23, 1917 Discharged July 30, 1918 
 
 Anderson. Gustaf F Private 33 .\ug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Anderson, .-Mfred W Private 30 Aug. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Bennett, .\lmer L Private 47 Jan. 3. 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Benton, -Albert M Private 43 .Aug. 23, 1917 .Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Brown, Wilbert F Private 34 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discliarged May 13, 1918 
 
 Benson, llcrlicrt -A Private 24 -Aug. 24. 1917 Discharged May 13, 1918 
 
 Bishop, John \V Private 37 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Barow^ski, ,\lbert J Private 37 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Brown, William E Private 36 Aug. 23, 1917 Discliarged July 30. 1918 
 
 Bump, .Albert G Private 42 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Blanck, F. H. G Private 30 Mch. 14, 1918 Discharged July 30, 1918 
 
 Blanck, .Alfred C Private 22 May 1,1918 Discharged July 30, 191R 
 
 Brown, Herald H Private 19 -Aug. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Borkenhagen, E. H Private 23 -Aug. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Clark, Samuel H Private 53 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Clark, Charlie E Private 35 Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged July 30, 1918 
 
 Clifford. James Private 36 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Christianson, B. .A Private 32 Jul. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Coupanger, Gust Private 32 Jul. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Crowther, L. E Private 27 Jul. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Crowther, R. L Private 24 -Aug. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Carver, William S Private 49 -Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged July 30, 1918 
 
 Clark, James H Private 41 Mch. 16, 1918 Discharged July 30, 191S 
 
 Culver, R. J Private 33 -Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Dec. 28, 1917 
 
 Deaver, Charles O Private 23 Aug. 1,1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Dalton. Marshall C Private 42 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Daffer, William M Private 28 .Apr. 4,1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Dewey, Geo. W Private 46 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Dec. 28, 1917 
 
 Entered U. S. service 
 
 Ellis. Benjamin S Private 40 Aug. 23. 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Fancher, Arza R Private 48 .Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Follett, Harry W Private 41 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged May 13, 1918 
 
 Frankfurt, Herman -A Private 38 -Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Color guard. 
 
 Flentje, Ifenrv F Private 30 Mch. 4, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Follett. .Arthur V Private 27 Jul. 1. 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Fleishman, Frank L Private 35 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Nov. 29, 1917 
 
 Fisher, William H Private 39 -Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 
 
 Gaworski, Paul B Private 36 Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 
 
 Gorman. Theodore E Private 32 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 
 
 Grant, .Alex Private 58 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 
 
 Gunnarson, Henry F Private 29 Mch. 14, 1918 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 
 
 Graham, Franklin L Private 52 .Apr. 4, 1918 Discharged Oct. 15, 1917 
 
 Hagcrty, Torev P Private 46 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged May 13, 1918 
 
 Haskins, Lewis D. Private 34 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged Mar. 13, 1918 
 
 Hengel, George Private 36 Aug. 23, 1917 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Hoglund, Sam Private 40 .Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged July 30, 1918 
 
 Hofifman, Aug. H Private 33 Aug. 23, 1917 Discharged March 26, 1918 
 
 Hill, Howard J Private 32 Aug. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Johnson, Albert W Private 30 Mch. 14, 1918 Alustered out with Co. 
 
 Keepers, .Albert .A Private 48 Mch. 14, 1918 ' Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Kleinschmidt, Walter H Private 28 Jul. 1, 1918 Mustered out with Co. 
 
 Kasper, Walter F Private 27 Jul. 1, 1918 Alustered out with Co. 
 
 Krumholz, John Private 29 Jul. 1, 1918 IMustered out with Co. 
 
 37 
 
Name Rank 
 
 Leonard, Edward E Private 
 
 Leynian, Fred Private 
 
 Loonier, Alfred H Private 
 
 Lowe, Roy C Private 
 
 Meyer, William J Private 
 
 Murray, Richard A Private 
 
 Mattoon, Harry Private 
 
 Merry, Elery J Private 
 
 Milne, David S Private 
 
 Miller, Ray A Private 
 
 iViss, Albert G Private 
 
 Norman, Walter H Private 
 
 O'Conner, John H Private 
 
 Olson, Erwin O Private 
 
 Pacey. Archie L Private 
 
 Peterson, Arthur G Private 
 
 Peterson, Paul Private 
 
 Park, Horace O Private 
 
 Prentice, Earl H Private 
 
 Personius, George L Private 
 
 Personius, R. H Private 
 
 Patterson, Clarence W Private 
 
 Prochnick, Henry W Private 
 
 Rotlimeycr, Frank J Private 
 
 Rdsskopf, Joseph F Private 
 
 Ream, C. W Private 
 
 RavKar, Morris Private 
 
 Selbrade, John Private 
 
 Stewart, Robert \V Private 
 
 Sm.ill, Claude E Private 
 
 Slnitt, I'rank W Private 
 
 Slir.iiber.c;, Samuel G Private 
 
 Sullivan, Jolin R I'rivate 
 
 Shake, Walter .A Private 
 
 Shepliard, Donald G I'rivate 
 
 Schumm, .\rthur J Private 
 
 Taber, George A Private 
 
 Timms, Clarence J Private 
 
 Thiemann, Hugo C. G Private 
 
 Tluite, Henry F Private 
 
 Wade, David S Private 
 
 White, Charles S Private 
 
 Wolfe, Horace E Private 
 
 Wokasch, Thomas P Private 
 
 Wokasch, Arthur Private 
 
 Wernsman, Jacob H Private 
 
 Walsh, Walter R Private 
 
 Welch, Joseph T Private 
 
 Willette, Claude O Private 
 
 Welchlin, Charles A Private 
 
 Wagner, Fred C Private 
 
 Wickstrom. Edward Private 
 
 Age 
 
 4.5 
 32 
 
 47 
 .34 
 
 26 
 4S 
 .3.5 
 30 
 2S 
 27 
 23 
 28 
 24 
 24 
 40 
 31 
 53 
 35 
 3S 
 34 
 30 
 .50 
 3.5 
 40 
 34 
 32 
 39 
 33 
 42 
 
 28 
 46 
 32 
 45 
 30 
 25 
 34 
 3,5 
 36 
 
 29 
 :50 
 51 
 38 
 
 32 
 35 
 
 31 
 26 
 38 
 23 
 
 36 
 :!3 
 
 Must. 
 
 ered in 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1017 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug, 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 33, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1, 
 
 191S 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 ■-'3, 
 
 1917 
 
 Oct. 
 
 15, 
 
 1917 
 
 Mav 
 
 1, 
 
 1 9 1 ,S 
 
 Jul. 
 
 1, 
 
 191S 
 
 Mav 
 
 1, 
 
 1918 
 
 Mav 
 
 I, 
 
 191S 
 
 Mch. 
 
 7^ 
 
 191S 
 
 Mch. 
 
 14, 
 
 1918 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Dec. 
 
 6, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 I, 
 
 191S 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1, 
 
 1 9 1 ,v 
 
 Aug. 
 
 •j;i 
 
 1917 
 
 .\ug. 
 
 '*3 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23 
 
 1917 
 
 Mch. 
 
 7, 
 
 1918 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1, 
 
 1918 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Mch. 
 
 6, 
 
 1918 
 
 Aug. 
 
 '^3 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 •)•> 
 
 1917 
 
 Mch. 
 
 14, 
 
 191.S 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1, 
 
 1918 
 
 Aug. 
 
 '^3 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23. 
 
 1917 
 
 Mav 
 
 1, 
 
 191S 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1, 
 
 1918 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23. 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 33, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Aug. 
 
 •);; 
 
 1917 
 
 Dec. 
 
 1, 
 
 . 1917 
 
 Mav 
 
 1, 
 
 1918 
 
 Mav 
 
 I. 
 
 1918 
 
 May 
 
 II) 
 
 , 191 ^ 
 
 Jul. 
 
 1, 
 
 1918 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1, 
 
 1918 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1917 
 
 Remarks 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Discharged Feb. 14, 1918. 
 
 Entered U. S. Service. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Discharged May 13, 1918 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Discharged May 13, 1918 
 Discharged Oct. 11, 1918 
 Discharged Feb. 28, 1918 
 Discharged Feb. 38, 1918 
 Discharged Dec. 28, 1917 
 Discharged Feb. 28, 1918 
 Discharged Feb. 38, 1918 
 Discharged Feb. 38, 1918 
 Discharged Feb. 38. 1918 
 Discharged March 20. 1918 
 Discharged July 30, 1918 
 .Mustered out with Co. Tr. 
 
 to Bn. Staff. Color guard. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Dischar.ged Mch. 26, 1918 
 .Mustered out with Co, 
 .Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Discharged Feb. 28, 1918 
 Discharged Feb. 28, 1918 
 Discharged June, 1918, to 
 
 enter V. M. C. A. work 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Discharged June, 1918, to 
 
 enter Y. M. C. A. war 
 
 work. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Discharged July 30, 1918 
 Discharged Mar. 30, 1918 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out witli Co. 
 
 Enlisted U. S. service 
 
 Oct.. 1918. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Mustered out with Co. 
 Discharged Nov. 8, 1917 
 
 The Headquarters of the 17tli Battalion, Minne- 
 sota Home Guard, were at first located at Fairmont. 
 .\s organized on June 5, 1918, Headquarters con- 
 sisted of: 
 
 Major VV. R. Boyce, Commanding Officer. 
 
 E. R. Flygare. First Lieutenant and Adjutant. 
 
 M. W. Brewster, First Lieutenant and Supply Of- 
 ficer. 
 
 E. N. Chute, First Lieutenant and Ordnance Offi- 
 cer. 
 
 Frank Olson, Ser.geant Major. 
 
 Upon the organization of Co. G. 5th Inf. Minne- 
 sota National Guard in July, 1918, Major Boyce, 
 Lieut. Chute and Sergt. -Major Olson transferred to 
 the National Guard. Lt. Brewster, whose home is 
 at Wells, was commissioned major and assumed com- 
 mand. Headquarters were thus automatically trans- 
 ferred to Wells. 
 
 The companies of the 17th Battalion, lettered frorn 
 A to F inclusive, upon organization were located in 
 order at Fairmont, Elmore. Winneliago, Wells. Al- 
 den and Minnesota Lake. Tlirough later rearrange- 
 ments the Battalion became the 6th and Fairmont's 
 company was designated Co. B. 
 
 Martin County Motor Reserve Corps. 
 
 Tlie Martin County Motor Reserve Corps Battal- 
 ion, was a part of the Home Guard forces organized 
 in the state by authority of the Safety .Association. 
 It was provided for in a general way by the order of 
 the Association of .\pril 28, 1917, which also created 
 the Home Guard infantry companies. The entire 
 Motor Corps of the state grew to a force of 2,440 
 enlisted men and 143 officers. 
 
 The Motor Corps was an outgrowth of the Rural 
 
 38 
 
Giinrds. These guards were partially organizeil in 
 August, 1917, under Sheriff W. S. Carver. Tliey were 
 primarily peace officers and sworn in as deputy 
 sheriffs. There were units at Welcome, East Chain, 
 Truman, Triumph. Sherburn. Ceylon and Bunnell. 
 There were about ten men in each of these groups 
 with a leader or captain designated for each. They 
 were available at any time for the suppression of 
 disorder or any similar emergency. 
 
 On April 2'2. 1918, the rural .guard was reorganized 
 into larger units, their location remaining the same. 
 On this date about fifty well known men from the 
 various stations of the guard met with the command- 
 er, Sheriff Carver, in Fairmont, and decided upon 
 an increased membershi|) and a system of military 
 drills in infantry tactics. Tlie determination was 
 to enroll about twenty-tive members at each point. 
 The enlarged iirogram was taken up with vigor and 
 enthusiasm and the new members readily procured. 
 Six weeks later the guard was again mobilized at 
 Fairmont for instruction and numbered 141. 
 
 Acting on the suggestion that the rural guard 
 would he a much more mobile and effective organ- 
 ization if motorized a second reorganization to that 
 end was effected on July 28, 1918. Again the guards 
 mobilized at Fairmont, 240 strong, and every man 
 supplied with motor transportation which he 
 placed at the service of the state without expense 
 when re<iuired. Motor Corps officers, 39 in num- 
 ber, and of all ranks up to major, were present from 
 the adjutant general's office to formally muster in 
 the Martin County Motor Corps. The interest was 
 so great and the number of volunteers so large that 
 a full battalion of four companies with a band and 
 headquarters company was authorized for Martin 
 county, designated as Fifth Battalion Minnesota Mo- 
 tor Corps reserve. The location of the several sub 
 units was as follows: 
 Headquarters — Fairmont. 
 
 W. S. Carver, major, commanding officer. 
 
 R. W. Stewart, first lieutenant, adjutant. 
 
 C. C. Macfadden, first lieutenant, ordnance officer. 
 
 H. S. I'airley, succeeded by C. E. Landin, first 
 lieutenant, signal oflicer. 
 
 John Allison, sergeant-major. 
 Co. A — East Chain and Ceylon. 
 
 A. E. .Mton, captain; John A. Knutson, Wni. 
 Doyle, lieutenants. 
 Co. B — Triumph. Monterey. Welcome. 
 
 Ralph K. Parker, captain; E. O. Potter, Alfred R. 
 Decker, lieutenants. 
 Co. C — Truman and Granada. 
 
 S. S. Rector, captain; W. G. Heclu. John Maxwell, 
 lieutenants. 
 Co. D — ^Shcrburn and Dunnell. 
 
 Ed Lund, captain; C. Johanson, F. H. Meyer, lieu- 
 tenants. 
 Band — Sherburn. 
 
 Lt. Henry G. Seifert, leader. 
 
 Lars J. Dahl, drum major. 
 
 Every member of the Motor Corps equipped him- 
 self with a complete uniform, rifle or side arms, pay- 
 ing the cost out of his own pocket. 
 
 The Motor Corps was called to active duty on .\ug. 
 23, 1918, to assist in the relief and guard duty made 
 necessary by a great cyclone at Tyler, Minn., wliich 
 brought death to 3.5 and destrf)yed the village on 
 Aug. 21. The Motor Corps were not only them- 
 selves actively engaged in the arduous work required 
 at Tyler but also furnished transportation to the 
 stricken village for Co. G, .ith Inf., M. N. G. of 
 Fairmont. 
 
 In the great influenza epidemic which swept Mar- 
 tin county in October and November, 1918, and 
 caused more deaths than the county suffered from 
 war causes the Motor Cor])s performed relief work 
 of an important nature. Mo'it of the physicians and 
 nurses were in war work and medical attention en- 
 tirely inadequate. Such physicians as were avail- 
 
 al)le were greatly overworked. The Motor Corps 
 volunteered, not only to transport doctors and 
 nurses speedily from place to place, but themselves 
 acted as emergency nurses. Many farms were left 
 helpless, all its residents being prostrate with the 
 disease. In such cases Motor Corps men drove from 
 farm to farm and took care of the live stock, brou,ght 
 supplies to the stricken and in various ways lent 
 splendid assistance. Many members of the corps 
 fell ill and several died. There were three such 
 deaths in Co. B, the scourge being especially severe 
 in the territory in which they were resident. 
 
 With the coming of peace the Motor Corps auto- 
 matically went out of existence. It has never been 
 formally mustered out. The war service of the Mo- 
 tor Corps was not especially thrilling or exciting but 
 tliey performed a patriotic duty, sacrificed of their 
 time and money, and were ready at all times to 
 respond to whatever call that might come. 
 
 War Time National Guard. 
 
 During the summer of nils it was determined by 
 tlie adjutant general of Minnesota to reorganize the 
 National Guard of the state. All of the guard troops 
 had been called early in 19IT, mustered out as 
 national guardsmen and into federal service, leaving 
 Minnesota without state troops. The former Na- 
 tional Guard regiments were broken up in federal 
 service and their return as intact units made impos- 
 sible. There seemed probaliility of the former 
 guardsmen remaining in service many months longer 
 and the need for National Guard regiments in the 
 state was a military necessity. 
 
 The situation had been covered to some extent by 
 the Home Guard organization, begun in May, 1917. 
 However the Home Guard was not subject to duty 
 outside the state and the military situation was such 
 that the need for troops outside the forces regularly 
 organized for overseas service might arise at any 
 time. This and other considerations justified the 
 reorganiz.ation of the National Guard. 
 
 On July 1.5th, 1918, Col. G. A. Lewis, designated 
 as commanding officer of a new National Guard in- 
 fantry regiment, visited l'"airmont to take up the 
 organization of an infantrj' company at that place. 
 W. R. Boyce, of h'airmont, returned from World 
 War service as a captain, had been commissioned 
 major in the new National Guard. There were sev- 
 eral former National Guard officers in Fairmont, 
 also a considerable number of ex-enlisted men. 
 Several of these were enrolled as members of the 
 Fairmont Home Guard company and it was sug- 
 gested that the Home Guard be converted into a 
 National Guard company. This su.ggestion, however, 
 did not meet with general approval, the Home Guard 
 company deciding to maintain its separate identity, 
 although a number of its memljers were discharged 
 to re-enlist in the National Guard. 
 
 Ernest N. Chute, first lieutenant of the Home 
 Guard company, and previously for nine years cap- 
 tain of a National Guard company, was designated 
 by Col. Lewis to command the new unit, which be- 
 came Co. G, 5th- Inf. Minnesota National Guard. 
 Recruiting was actively carried on, and the com- 
 pany was soon at full strength. The men came from 
 all parts of Martin county. They were men exempt, 
 disqualified or not yet called for service under the 
 draft law. Two were called to the service in the last 
 months of the war, David S. Howell and W'illiam P. 
 Tyler. 
 
 Before it had been mustered into service a call 
 came to Co. G for service at Tyler, Minn., which was 
 destroyed by a cyclone on August 21st. On the 23rd 
 Capt. Chute and ten men accompanied Headquar- 
 ters of the Fifth Battalion, Motor Corps, which was 
 stationed at Fairmont, to the stricken village. On 
 the 27th 50 more of the men were called to service at 
 the same i)Iace and transported thereto by the Mo- 
 
 39 
 
tor Corps. The balance of the command, 50 in num- 
 ber, followed by train on the 30th. The company re- 
 mained on duty at Tyler doing guard and rescue 
 work until Sept. 3, when they returned to the home 
 station. While at Tyler they were formally mus- 
 tered into the service. Of the 110 men on duty at 
 that place all but ten passed the rigid physical ex- 
 amination and were sworn in. 
 
 The new company, under its experienced officers 
 and non-coms, rapidly acquired efficiency in drill 
 and rated as an excellent company. The organiza- 
 tion continued after the return of peace and is still 
 stationed at Fairmont. The personnel has under- 
 gone some changes and the following roster of those 
 in Co. G during tlie war period probably contains 
 some unintentional errors and omissions: 
 
 Roster of Co. G, 5th Infantry, Minnesota 
 National Guard. 
 
 Captain. Ernest N. Chute. 
 
 First Lieutenant, Frederick L. Hoover. 
 
 Second Lieutenant, Orren C. Thompson. 
 
 Second Lieutenant, James H. Clark. 
 
 First Sergeant, Carl D. Follette. 
 
 Mess Sergeant, Otto C. Rettke. 
 
 Supply Sergeant, Frank A. Olson. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Alfred C. Blanck Frederick H. G. Blanck 
 
 Barney R. Hurt Roy E. Dyslin 
 
 John Sellbrade 
 
 Corporals 
 
 George A. Brown 
 John H. O'Connor 
 Gordon Goetz 
 Albert Koeppen 
 Earl R. Frakes 
 
 Lawrence J. Kantack 
 Sam Hoglund 
 Herbert C. Schweppe 
 .Arthur \\'okasch 
 Elmer D. Downey 
 
 Joseph H. Hines 
 
 Mechanic. 
 Axel Bloomquist 
 
 Cooks. 
 
 Nels INIyking Carl F. Brockman 
 
 Musicians. 
 
 Kenneth E. Personius Clarence A. Crooker 
 
 Abel. Arthur 
 Bassett, George R. 
 Bradbury. C. .A. 
 Brown, Edwin J. 
 Behrens, Alfred E. 
 Bursell, Homer G. 
 Balm, Raymond R. 
 BoergerhofT, Arnold ' 
 Blachowski, Joe 
 Burton, Lancelot R. 
 Carlson. Carl E. 
 Cegelski, Peter 
 Clark. Cliarles E. 
 Carroll, William A. 
 Crawford, Loren 
 Cegla, Frank A. 
 Calbow, Wesley C. 
 Cadling, Donald H. 
 Drayfall, Clarence H. 
 Davis, Lester C. 
 Daryelson, Axel L. 
 Day, Rufus W. 
 Dorothy, Claude L. 
 Doolittie. Milo O. 
 Douglas, Ray C. 
 Eckmann, Carl J. 
 Frye, Walter A. 
 Gaworski, Peter 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Galles, Frank H. 
 
 Gieseke, Herman D. 
 
 Garrison, Roy E. 
 
 Howell, David S. 
 
 Huffman, Lee L. 
 
 Hines, Clarence 
 
 Hines, Robert L. 
 ". Holcumb, Amos L. 
 
 Jennings, Andrew E. 
 A. Jones, Charles L. 
 
 Johnson, Ray W. 
 
 Jensen, Peter 
 
 Koeder, Walter H. 
 
 Ivastning, .\lfred F. \V. 
 
 Keeler, Leonard 
 
 Luedtke, Edwin L. 
 
 Loring, Arthur D. 
 
 Lidtke, Clarence C. 
 
 Leeper, William C. 
 
 Leeper, Addison C. 
 
 Lockard, Cecil D. 
 
 Leiding, Louis W. 
 
 Leiding, Herman H. 
 
 Lemke, Ernest H. 
 
 Lutz, Arthur L. 
 
 Lockard, Raymond E. 
 
 Maday, L. F. 
 
 jMaday, Valentine S. 
 
 Markquart, Robert C. 
 McNerney, Patrick V. 
 Meyer, Chester W. 
 Meyer, Louis C. 
 Meyer, Edwin 
 Miller, Leo R. 
 Mitchell, John E. 
 Morgan, Charles 
 Morrow, Homer E. 
 Morrow, Ora A. 
 Mackeben, Fred L. 
 Muth. Aloysius G. 
 Afuth, Arthur H. 
 Nottoson. Notto 
 Nowicki, Frank R. 
 Oscarson, Henry O. 
 Oskerson, William N. 
 PlumhofT, Floyd D. 
 Plumhoff, Alvin C. 
 Plumhofif. Arthur L. 
 Price, Gladstone H. 
 
 Peterson, Jay A. 
 Ratledge, Orbit U. 
 Roehler, William L. 
 Rosskopf, Wilbert W. 
 Schmidt. Thomas H. 
 Schultz, George A. 
 Schweiger, Alfred C. 
 Senne, Henry 
 Shumski, Andrew J. 
 Sickler, Chester R. 
 Sickler, Vernon G. 
 Simon, Henry W. 
 Sperry, Burton R. 
 Stefanski, George M. 
 Small, Hobart C. 
 Thomsen, Cecil T. 
 Tomlinson, Gerald P. 
 Tyler, William P. 
 Wallace. Ezra B. 
 Watts, George A. 
 Wolter, Lawrence F. 
 
 Ward PfifTner, son of Mr. and Mrs. Ulysses Pfiff- 
 ner of Fairmont, was commissioned a lieutenant in 
 the adjutant general's department of the Minnesota 
 National Guard and called to duty in the adjutant 
 general's office in 1918, serving there for several 
 months. He also served with the guard in forest 
 fire relief work in northern Minnesota in October 
 and November, 1918. 
 
 Legal Advisory Board. 
 
 The Legal Advisory Board, originally appointed 
 to give the selective service men assistance and ad- 
 vice in making proper answers to the questionnaires 
 they were required to fill out, extended its services 
 considerably as the war progressed and gave free 
 counsel to the service men in many matters affect- 
 ing their personal and property rights. 
 
 Men were frequently called to service who had 
 important business matters to look after at home. 
 In these the advisory board acted without cost to 
 anyone. It should also be remarked that the banks 
 also rendered the men great assistance in attending 
 to their business matters for them while absent. 
 
 The Legal Advisory Board, appointed in 1917, 
 consisted of E. C. Dean, Paul C. Cooper, and J. E. 
 Haycraft, prominent members of the Martin county 
 
 E. C. DE.W 
 
 Chairman Legal Advisory Hoard. .Judge 17th Judicial District. 
 Had a son and daughter in service. 
 
 40 
 
bar. Ill December, 1917, they appointed Ballou & 
 Ballou and Leo J. Seitert. Fairmont attorneys, as- 
 sistants. They also designated the following who 
 were specially competent but not attorneys, as as- 
 sistants: 
 
 Co. Supt. C. J. Timms. Fairmont 
 
 H. E. Wolfe, Fairmont 
 
 J. R. Huston, Ceylon 
 
 A. B. Jardine, Granada 
 
 Ellen Swanson, Dunnell 
 
 G. P. Helgeson. Dunnell 
 
 R. H. Wollin, Truman 
 
 T. B. Brown, Welcome 
 
 F. E. Gates, Triumph 
 
 All of these above named were school principals. 
 The personnal changed quickly. Attorney Seifert, 
 Supts. Jardine, Helgeson and Wollin enlisted and 
 Supts. Tinims and Wolfe entered army Y. M. C. A. 
 work. 
 
 The draft of September, 1018, with its involved 
 questionnaire of 16 pages, made heavy demands for 
 assistance upon the board. In order to meet this a 
 large n'umber of additional assistants were named, 
 all of whom rendered much free service. These as- 
 sistants were: 
 
 Fairmont: Ben E. Ballou, John W. Lovell, Har- 
 ry P. Edwards, G. Fred Anderson, \V. H. Nie- 
 meyer, E. L. Ballou, G. A. Sutherland, N. C. 
 Petersen, A. W. Gamble, David S. Wade, A. R. 
 Fancher, Alex Grant, E. R. Flygarc, .\. W. 
 Johnson. 
 Sherburn: C. W. Uplinger, A. G. T. Broun, W. F. 
 Brundage. S. A. Farnsworth. Everett White- 
 head, C. E. Landin. 
 Ceylon: R. W. Stewart. R. P. Sinclair. J. E. Hus- 
 ton, Wm. Drummond. 
 Granada: A. B. Jardine, Ben Hglin, Byron L. 
 
 True, B. S. Colton. 
 Tri-man: A. W. Grabow, S. S. Rector. N. T. True. 
 Henry Brownlee, B. J. Dallman, G. C. Shoen, 
 G. M. Sieburg. 
 Triumph: F. S. Schwalen, S. P. Pope, Geo. E. 
 
 Brockman. F. .\. Kroeger. 
 Welcome: J. W'. Wolford, Ben Mamer, Wm. 
 
 Greenwaldt, E. H. Yost. 
 Dunnell: Ellen Swanson, F. .\. Sandin, E. A. 
 Cooper, C. G. Appelqnist, E. M. Ostcrgren, 
 August Wenber,g. 
 Northrop: John H. Spragne. 
 East Chain: Wm. Doyle. Robert W. Nelson. 
 Monterey: P. C. Reding, Alfred Peterson, W. A. 
 Rhoads. 
 
 Women's Council of National Defense. 
 
 The work of jNlartin county's women in the war 
 reached and was participated in by practically every 
 woman in the county. They were a united factor 
 in carrying out every measure that came specifically 
 within their sphere and of the greatest assistance in 
 all others. 
 
 While the women were affected by and worked 
 and sacrificed in every measure that concerned the 
 general public there were certain departments dis- 
 tinctive!}' their own, in which effective results, vital 
 to the national interests, could only be accomplished 
 through united patriotic work by the women alone. 
 To organize and co-ordinate this work there was 
 provided the Women's Committee of the Public Safe- 
 ty Association, which was an extension into every 
 city, village and township of the work of the Wom- 
 en's Council of National Defense. This committee 
 was created in May, 1918, by order of the Safety 
 Commission. Mrs. W. R. Diment of Fairmont was 
 appointed chairman for Martin county and from that 
 date directed activities. Previous to May, 1918, 
 there had been much war activity on the part of 
 the women of the county under the direction of Mrs. 
 
 Frank A. Day. also of Fairmont, who had acted as 
 county chairman. The work done by this prelim- 
 inary organization was taken up, enlarged and car- 
 ried' through by the new and more formal depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Mrs. Thos. G. Winter of Minneapolis, was at the 
 head of the Women's Committee for the state. There 
 were numerous vice-chairmen and official heads of 
 standing committees. The scope of the committee's 
 work can be but briefly touched upon in this work 
 but its extent is indicated by the various departments, 
 each with its distinctive but cofrelated organization. 
 These departments included Americanization, chil- 
 dren's welfare, war emergency training courses, food 
 conservation, dress conservation, legislation, liberty 
 loan and war savings, social agencies, patriotic ed- 
 ucation. Red Cross, women in industry, young wom- 
 en's auxiliary and others. 
 
 Martin county women were assembled at Fair- 
 mont June 22, 1918, to discuss and plan their war 
 work. Brilliant speakers addressed the gathering, 
 among them Mrs. W. T. Coe and Miss Rose Muck- 
 ley of Minneapolis. Food conservation, loyalty 
 work and organization for war funds drives featured 
 the gathering. 
 
 Following this meeting the Martin county Branch 
 of the Women's Council of National Defense was 
 fully organized and carried on its activities vigor- 
 ously until the end of the war period. The respon- 
 sible heads of women's war work in the townships 
 and villages were the following prominent women of 
 the county: 
 
 Cedar — ^Irs. Carl Sjogren. 
 Galena — Mrs. John Hagen. 
 Waverly — Mrs. Andrew Levik. 
 Westford — Mrs. Wm. Rienke. 
 Nashville— Mrs. F. M. Clay. 
 Elm Creek — Mrs. John Carlson. 
 Fox Lake — Mrs. Bcrdella Winters. 
 Eraser — Mrs. Herman Brodt. 
 Rutland — Mrs. George Plumhoff. 
 Center Creek — Miss Dana Parker. 
 Jay — Mrs. Chas. D. Stewart. 
 Manyaska— Mrs. P. D. Worthley. 
 Rolling Green — Mrs. Richard A. Murray. 
 Fairmont Twp. — Mrs. W. F. Dickinson. 
 Pleasant Prairie — Mrs. J. T. McNerney. 
 Lake Fremont — Miss Lotta Larson. 
 Lake Belt — Miss Mary Flygare. 
 Tenhassen— Airs. A. E. Alton. 
 Silver Lake — Miss Myra Shipman. 
 East Chain — Mrs. Ben Owens. 
 Sherburn — Mrs. Frank Collins. 
 Welcome — Mrs. H. H. Sartorius. 
 Granada — Mrs. B. A. Burton. 
 Truman— Mrs. W. B. Butler. 
 Triumph— Mrs. S. P. Pope. 
 Ceylon— Mrs. S. G. Barnctt. 
 Monterey — Mrs. Peter Wartman. 
 Northrop — Mrs. John H. Sprague. 
 
 Many of these women had sons, brothers or other 
 relatives among the service men. Several were the 
 wives of war board members and thus brought into 
 still closer association with war activities. 
 
 Important as was the work of the women in the 
 major war organizations it was in the more direct 
 contact maintained and acts of personal attention 
 for the men in service that counted perhaps still 
 more. It was mother or sister who wrote most fre- 
 quently to the boys who were in the army or navy, 
 thus keeping secure and sacred the home ties and at 
 the same time ministering against that most dreaded 
 condition, homesickness, likely to befall the boy 
 separated perhaps for the first time from his home 
 and cast into strange and bewildering situations. 
 The thousands upon thousands of comfort articles 
 so prized and so important to the service men — 
 warm knitted socks, sweaters, linen, hospital ap- 
 
 41 
 
parel and equipment — all these came to the men di- 
 rect from the deft and loving hands of women who 
 cared and who robbed their leisure or resting hours 
 that the}' might do something for the soldiers. Were 
 books wanted for the camp libraries and hospitals' 
 It was the women who procured and forwarded 
 them. Christmas, 1917, saw hundreds of gift bo.xes. 
 filled with just the things the soldier or sailor boy 
 would need and prize, packed and forwarded bv ex- 
 press or parcel post, and while many were delayed 
 in transit for weeks and months they nevertheless 
 brought their bit of Christma.s cheer to the camps 
 and trenches. These and a thousand other items of 
 personal and loving attention came almost alone from 
 the women. Their importance was overlooked in 
 large degree by the men, busy witrh other war duties 
 seemingly more important, but the women did not 
 forget and their part in the war will always be 
 held in grateful remembrance by soldier, sailor and 
 marine. 
 
 Excerpts from Report of Chairman of Women's 
 
 Division of State Council of Defense for 
 
 Martin County. 
 
 By Mrs. W. R. Diment. 
 
 As the United States went into the war almost 
 unexpectedly it became necessary to call in as Iielji- 
 ers already established organizations. Especially 
 was this the case with women. Their leading or- 
 ganization was the Women's Federated Clubs, with 
 membership in the United States of two million. 
 
 From tliese clubs were chosen the otificers of the 
 Women's Commission of the Council of National 
 Defense. Mrs. T. G. Winter of Minneapolis, was 
 state chairman for Minnesota, and in April, 1918, she 
 appointed Mrs. W. R. Diment, of Fairmont, chairman 
 of women's work in Martin county. Only those 
 who held similar war positions realize the amount 
 of work this appointment involved. The writing 
 of many letters alone was a clerk's job. Circular^ 
 of information and ad\ice came in by the hundreds 
 every month, especially on food conservation and 
 child welfare, for these were new things and little 
 understood. 
 
 The more serious duties of the state were dele- 
 gated to the men's Public Safety Commission but it 
 seemed as though everything else was left to the 
 Women's Division. 
 
 The work was organized by the appointment of a 
 county executive committee, each member at the 
 head of a particular department. The appointments 
 made by Mrs. Diment were: 
 
 Women in Industry — Mrs. B. H. Curtis, Fairmont. 
 
 Women's Liberty Loan — Mrs. H. S. Farley, Fair- 
 mont. 
 
 Child Welfare — Mrs. Henry Meinhardt. Sherburn: 
 Mrs. Frank Collins, Sherburn, for west half of 
 county: Mrs. G. M. Seaburg, Truman, Mrs. Peter 
 Lutz, Fairmont, east half of county. 
 
 Food Conservation — Mrs. Dudley Fitz. Fairmont. 
 
 Y._W. C. A.— Mrs. J. E. Haycraft, Fairmont. 
 
 Friendly Home Service — Mrs. W. R. Boyce, Fair- 
 mont. 
 
 Girls' War Work — Mrs. N. C. Petersen. Fairmont. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer — Mrs. John W. Lovell, 
 Fairmont. 
 
 The foregoing formed an advisory committee, act- 
 ing with the county chairman. 
 
 In the department of Women in Industry a sur- 
 vey was rnade of all industries in the county, the 
 number of people employed and the salaries paid, 
 the supply of women workers available to take the 
 places of men in service, in fact an employment bu- 
 reau wlien needed and valuable for future statistics. 
 
 The Women's Liberty Loan department was in 
 great demand in some of the counties but Alartin 
 
 county's men were able of their own initiative to 
 raise more than the required sums, and the assist- 
 ance given by the women was more in stimulating 
 the givers to the greatest amount. Women all over 
 the county subscribed their allotted shares. This 
 department gave a banquet at the Guild hall in Fair- 
 mont to the men on their return from one of the 
 drives, which e.xample was emulated all over the 
 county. 
 
 Tlie object of the Child Welfare committee was 
 to carry out the orders of the national chairman for 
 child welfare. Miss Julia Lathrop of the department 
 of labor. The measuring and weighing of children, 
 undertaken to determine accurately the health 
 of children under six years of age was taken up 
 and carried out at various clinics held at different 
 points in the county. The measuring and weighing 
 was a tremendous undertaking but brought home to 
 hundreds of mothers the importance of the health 
 of the child. Other activities were to establish ac- 
 curate birth registration; to determine the cause of 
 high infant mortality, there being 3,000 deaths 
 nf children under one year of age in Minnesota in 
 19 Hi; to demand the quarantine for contagious and 
 \enereal diseases. 
 
 The aim of the food conservation department was 
 to aid in every possible way the food administra- 
 tion, by distributing circulars and recipes sent by 
 the government. No department had more circulat- 
 in.g to do than this, as the food problem was the 
 most serious of all. Much corresponding was nec- 
 essary on account of so many changes in the rules. 
 
 The Y. W. C. A. department was also represented 
 in the Red Gross and United War Work and was 
 later merged with those activities. 
 
 The task of Friendly Home Service was given to 
 women who could give the sympathetic hand and 
 word to those who needed aid during the war. The 
 name and residence of every soldier and sailor boy 
 was obtained, card indexed and kept on file for con- 
 sultation in emergency. This record has proven of 
 permanent value. Many matters of war risk insur- 
 ance, allotments and other calls for assistance were 
 looked into and in the cases of death in service 
 everything possible was done for the surviving rela- 
 tives. 
 
 The object of tlie Girls' War Service was to en- 
 courage the activities of the grade and high school 
 girls along practical and patriotic lines. Clubs were 
 formed under charge of the advisory committee. 
 Money was raised by various means, knitting and 
 sewing done, war orphans being the beneficiaries 
 generally. Mrs. W. S. Carver was captain of the 
 senior club and Mrs. J. L. Palmer of the juniors. 
 
 In perhaps all counties money was raised in the 
 usual way to defray the expense of the women 
 workers. Several counties outside of the large cities 
 had upwards of a thousand dollars for this pur- 
 pose, to pay traveling expenses, typewriting, station- 
 ery, telegrams, postage, etc. The Martin county 
 chairman had a portfolio but no money for use as 
 none was collected. Patriotic workers paid their 
 own expenses, no matter what it amounted to in the 
 end. The only money received toward any expenses 
 was $11.00, earned by the Fairmont senior and 
 junior war service girls and which was used in the 
 baby camapign. $9.60 was spent for telegrams and 
 telephone. The last $2.00 were used in the expense 
 of arranging for the Martin County Public Health 
 .\ssociation. a permanent organization which was 
 formed in June. 1919, for the purpose of carrying 
 on children's clinics by specialists, saving the county 
 about $600.00 whicli would otherwise have accrued 
 to the state Public Health Association. This fund 
 was derived from the sale of Red Cross Christmas 
 seals the two previous years. 
 
 The county chairman was especially interested in 
 child welfare and at her request the county commis- 
 sioners appointed a permanent child's welfare board. 
 
 43 
 
which now holds regular meetings with the judge of 
 probate. At least two of the members of this board 
 must be women. 
 
 The various precinct chairmen appointed selected 
 tlieir own assistants. All of the chairmen received 
 medals in recognition of their services, these medals 
 being furnished through Mrs. C. A. Severance, St. 
 Paul, state chairman of conservation and director of 
 Regional Bank. 
 
 The campaign to enlist girls in war nursing work 
 was in charge of a committee consisting of Mrs. 
 Allen Burdick, Mrs. T. P. Hagerty and Miss Minnie 
 Bird, all of Fairmont. Fourteen applicants for this 
 work were received but only the first few names 
 sent in were accepted as the state's quota was quick- 
 ly filled. 
 
 During her period of office the county chairman 
 wrote many articles for the county papers, explain- 
 ing the different kinds of work of the organization, 
 
 its needs and progress. She gave frequent talks on 
 .\mericanization and community club work, believ- 
 ing that the greatest good can only come from the 
 free mingling of all peoples in this country. Latent 
 talent for good and for success is found among all 
 of them. Conditions should be made easier for 
 motherhood. The mother must not be a drudge, for 
 the independence and intelligence of the mother is 
 reflected in her children. Woman has raised her 
 standard in this war, much had to be learned, she 
 was equal to it. A desire to do her utmost almost 
 brought on hysteria but when all was over the ef- 
 fort seemed small indeed in comparison to the blessed 
 ings which we all enjoy. 
 
 The women's organization of National Defense 
 was dissolved in the spring of 1919, with the request 
 by the National Committee to keep organized for any 
 further work, emergency or whenever their help is 
 desired for the general good. 
 
 43 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Financing the War 
 
 The Liberty Loans. 
 
 When Martin county was asked to raise $360,000 
 in the First Liberty Loan in ^lay, 1917, the amount 
 was regarded as stupendous and there were grave 
 doubts in the minds of many, financiers and oth- 
 ers, whether so lar.ge a sum could be raised, and 
 if done it was feared that the diversion of such a 
 sum from the cliannels of ordinary business would 
 seriously derange the finances of the county. It 
 was the county's first test in the financial support 
 of the war and at that time seemed a tremendous 
 undertaking. In view of the vastly greater sums 
 asked and subscribed in succeeding loans within 
 the following months the amount raised under the 
 first loan was small. However with no previous 
 experience in raising funds that were to equip and 
 maintain our armies and all the multitudinous ac- 
 tivities of the war and uncertainty as to how this 
 method of raising money would be received by the 
 public made the undertaking seem very difficult. 
 
 iR-\-\K E. W.MJE 
 Chairman all Liberty Loans, Born at Whitehall, Wisconsin, 
 March 6, 1862. Died, Fairmont, Minn., March 3, 1919. Had a 
 son in service. 
 
 The first step toward organizing Martin county 
 for the war loans was taken on May 14, 1917, when 
 Frank E. Wade, president of the Fairmont Nation- 
 al Bank, manager of the Fairmont Gas Engine & 
 Railway Motor Car Co., and connected with many 
 other activities, was appointed Liberty Loan Chair- 
 man for the county by Mr, H, P. Rogers, Chair- 
 man of the Loan Committee for the Ninth Federal 
 Reserve District. This great responsibility was ac- 
 cepted by Mr. Wade after being refused by several 
 others who were in a far better position than he 
 to give the time and energy necessary to make 
 this and succeedin.g loans successful. Mr. Wade 
 was without doubt the busiest man in the county 
 and accepting this duty loaded upon him .great addi- 
 tional burdens and severely ta.xed his already over- 
 burdened strength and splendid energies. Regard- 
 ing the service as a patriotic duty he threw him- 
 self unreservedly into the work. He saw not only 
 the first but the three succeeding loans successfully 
 raised under his generalship, but before the final 
 
 "Victory Loan" was raised, after the war's close, 
 Frank E. Wade rested from his labors. He died 
 March 3, 1919, in the prime of life and there can 
 be no doubt that the great additional burden as- 
 sumed by him as a loyal American citizen to help 
 win the war contributed to his untimely death. 
 
 The first loan was raised throu.gh the activities 
 of the bankers of the county. On May 24, 1917, 
 Chairman Wade called all the bankers into con- 
 ference at Fairinont to decide on ways and means 
 for raising Martin county's quota. There were at 
 that time nineteen banks in the county. All but 
 two w-ere represented at the meeting. At this gath- 
 ering the bankers districted and apportioned the 
 county. To each bank there was assigned a defi- 
 nite amount and a definite territory and the actual 
 subscribing of the amount was managed by the 
 bank. The quota averaged about $20 for each per- 
 son in the county. At this meeting several of the 
 bankers expressed the opinion that raising the funds 
 involved difficulties and hardships that would be 
 hard to meet. They failed to interpret the fine 
 spirit that was then taking shape to back the gov- 
 ernment to the limit in the successful prosecution 
 of the war. 
 
 In educating the people to the necessities of the 
 situation and creatin.g sentiment that would in- 
 sure the sale of the bonds the newspapers of tlie 
 county, in this as in succeeding campaigns, per- 
 formed splendid service. Hundreds of columns of 
 editorial, news and advertising space, worth several 
 thousand dollars, were donated by the loyal pa- 
 pers of the county. Without this assistance the 
 difficulties of the situation would have been vastly 
 greater. When the drives came the people were 
 acquainted with the conditions and nearly always 
 ready to do whatever was asked of them. The 
 commercial clubs, too, at the various cities and 
 towns of the county got behind the guns and 
 backed the campaign to the limit, furnishing free 
 office headquarters in their rooms and solicitors 
 from among their members. 
 
 As was to be expected there was some opposition 
 to the bond sale and the first disloyalty arrests in 
 the county were the result of indiscreet utterances 
 in opposition to Uncle Sam's plan of raising war 
 funds. Prompt action in this respect by the coun- 
 ty attorney and other officials quickly checked any 
 tendency toward organized opposition and the trou- 
 ble experienced was not important. 
 
 The drive for the first loan closed on June l.'ith. 
 The results in Martin county were disappointing. 
 .\sked to lend $360,000 the amount actually sub- 
 scribed was a little less than $200,000, It must be 
 borne in mind that in this loan all subscriptions 
 were voluntary; the public was not yet aroused to 
 the colossal financial demands of the war; our 
 boys were not yet actually enga.ged in combat, 
 few of them had left their homes; there clung in 
 the minds of many the hope that our allies would 
 succeed in defeating Germany before the United 
 States was very extensively engaged; the back-fire 
 of propaganda for Americanism to nullify that 
 which Germany had spread so sedulously for years 
 was as yet but barely kindled. These, with the un- 
 scientific methods employed in raising the first 
 loan, were the main contributin.g causes to the fail- 
 ure of Martin county to go "over the top" in the 
 first financial hop-off. 
 
 On October 12th, 1917, organization was effected 
 for the second loan, in which Martin county was 
 asked to lend the government $550,000. Albert L. 
 Ward had been appointed to serve as chairman of 
 
 44 
 
tliis loan. He declined, as did a Iialf dozen others. 
 Despite the fact that he had done mucli more than 
 his share in handhng the first loan Frank E. Wade 
 was again drafted to lead the Martin county or- 
 ganization. Herman A. Stahn was chosen secre- 
 tary. On the date aljove given there was a widely 
 attended meeting at the court house in Fairmont, 
 attended by city, village and township officials, 
 bankers, business men and citizens generally. Otto 
 Nelson, vice-president of the First National Bank 
 of St. Paul, addressed the gathering and suggested 
 methods of procedure. The plan evolved included 
 thorough organization, system and unselfishness. 
 It was defects in these essentials that militated 
 against the success of the first loan. It was still 
 the plan of the government to float its bonds by 
 popular, voluntary subscriptions. The officials 
 chosen immediately organized and announced that 
 four days would be devoted to the drive, Oct. 17 to 
 20 inclusive. AH township and village officers and 
 public-spirited citizens generally were asked to 
 serve as solicitors and help make the loan a suc- 
 cess. A definite sum was assigned to be raised 
 in each township and village, a departure from the 
 plan followed in the first drive. 
 
 The drive opened with enthusiasm on the ap- 
 pointed date. An army of solicitors reached every 
 person in the county. They were provided with 
 cards upon which to make detailed reports to state 
 headquarters upon all persons who failed to sub- 
 scribe. By this innovation the government took its 
 first organized step in finding out who was with it 
 and who against it in the prosecution of the war. 
 Local newspapers again lent splendid assistance in 
 popularizing the loan. All names of contributors, 
 however small or large the amount bought, were 
 published. This proved a powerful stimulus. No 
 one wished to invite adverse criticism by being left 
 out. The attitude of the public was splendid. The 
 county had seen several hundred of its sons march 
 away to war. Some were already in Europe. Ev- 
 eryone now realized that it was America's supreme 
 eiTort only that could turn the tide of battle 
 against the German hordes. Few of the loan sub- 
 scribers had the ready money to pay for the bonds 
 purchased but they cheerfully used their credit and 
 borrowed the money at an interest rate higher 
 than the bonds yielded. All of the banks co-op- 
 erated splendidly and placed their resources at the 
 disposal of these whose circumstances required 
 them to borrow. 
 
 Asked for .$500,000 the county passed that mark. 
 The total raised was $.516,000. and this does not 
 include probably $75,000 taken by Martin county 
 men who responded to the drive in the iarmy 
 camps. The villages of Ceylon and Dunnell di- 
 vided honors in being first to report their entire 
 quotas pledged. At the close of the 4-days' drive 
 the county as a whole lacked a considerable 
 amount of the required sum. The solicitors went 
 again to their task and continued their labors an- 
 other week, where necessary. The city of Fairmont 
 over-subscribed its quota more than $50,000. Nash- 
 ville was the first rural precinct to report "over 
 subscribed." Rapidly the reports from other pre- 
 cincts came in to county headquarters. On Oc- 
 tober 27th Chairman Wade wired in his report 
 that Martin county had over-subscribed its allot- 
 ment several thousand dollars. All but two of the 
 villages exceeded their quotas. Ceylon led all pre- 
 cincts with an over-subscription of nearly 150 per 
 cent. Eight of the townships also did themselves 
 honor by taking sums in excess of what was asked. 
 The tabulated returns constituted a new "loyalty 
 map" of the county. 
 
 The third call for war funds was officially an- 
 nounced March 12, 1918. Once more the work 
 was directed by Frank E. Wade as county chair- 
 man. The amount assigned was $600,000, appor- 
 
 tioned as in the second loan as equitably as possi- 
 ble among the townships and villages on a basis 
 of population and assessed valuation. By this 
 time our people were fully committed to the grim 
 business of war and the subscribing of the county's 
 quota was accepted by all as a foregone conclu- 
 sion. Although the amount nearly doubled 
 the first loan and considerably exceeded that of 
 October, 1917, and all had subscribed heavily in 
 those drives, the people were ready for any demand 
 that might be made upon them. It was now the 
 resolution of all that any personal sacrifice would 
 be made to sustain our army and navy until the 
 hour of victory. 
 
 New methods were adopted in the third loan. 
 Every property owner in the county was allotted a 
 definite sum. arrived at bj' investigation of the net 
 worth of the individual. Under authority- of the 
 Public Safety Commission Chairman Wade served 
 a summons on every property owner requiring him 
 or her to be in readiness to sign up when the so- 
 licitor arrived. In this way the work was finished 
 in a single day. 
 
 The date set for subscribing was April 15th. 
 By 8 o'clock A. M. Dunnell again reported first. 
 Granada was next, while Sherburn, Truma.n and 
 Ceylon quickly followed. The townships took a 
 little more time but by nightfall every precinct 
 in the county had reported an over-subscription. 
 A large force of volunteer workers on duty at 
 county headquarters in Fairmont were kept busy 
 totalling and tabulating the returns. The total 
 subscriptions for the county were approximately, 
 $925,000, an over-subscription of more than 60 per 
 cent. The failure to float the entire first loan was 
 gloriously redeemed. 
 
 Again in this drive the "blue card" system was 
 used where persons refused to sign up for their 
 assessed quota of bonds. This system landed a 
 score or more of liberty bond slackers before the 
 county war board, that body having been vested 
 with full authority to deal with such cases. On 
 April 26th the War Board went into session at the 
 grand jury room in the court house to investigate 
 all cases brought to their attention. The facts 
 and circumstances were thoroughly gone into in 
 every case. In many instances when the situa- 
 tion had been explained the alleged slackers not 
 only took their quota but voluntarily exceeded it. 
 With others the shirkers, usually wealthy and pro- 
 German in their attitude toward the war, were sub- 
 jected to duress and compelled to buy not only, 
 the amount of their assessment but found that their 
 assessmen.ts had been substantially raised. Prac- 
 tically all of the slackers were old residents of the 
 county, most of them born in Germany, and had 
 acquired substantial wealth in the country of which 
 they had never become a real part. The war rec- 
 ords of these individuals can now be of but little 
 satisfaction to them and those that still remain 
 resident here are held in contempt and scorn by all 
 good Americans. They are among the "copper- 
 heads" of the World War period. 
 
 Five months after the big third loan drive came 
 the call for Martin county to again lend to the gov- 
 ernment — this time in the amount of $1,070,000. 
 Sept. 14, 1918, at the court house in Fairmont the 
 county was again organized for the biggest of all 
 financial drives. Representatives were present 
 from every precinct in the county. All but a doz- 
 en of the 210 members of the county war board 
 were in attendance. The task was undertaken with 
 confidence and in a spirit of elation. There was an 
 intangible feeling that America had already won 
 the war. Press dispatches of the previous day had 
 brought the news of the first great triumph of the 
 .■\merican arms — the success at St. Mihiel. The 
 public mind seemed filled with the premonition that 
 still greater triumphs were at hand and that this 
 
 45 
 
was to be the final drive of the war. at least that 
 it would provide the financial means to put over 
 tlie final punch. 
 
 As in the preceding two loans the county's quota 
 was apportioned to the sub-divisions as equitably as 
 possible. These amounts were determined and as- 
 sessed by the County War Board. There was ex- 
 tended discussion at the meetin.2; of Sept. 14th as 
 to methods of raisin.g the allotted sum. A resolu- 
 tion was finally adopted by the War Board that 
 every person's allotment should be computed upon 
 the basis of his net financial worth, as determined 
 from the records and personal investigation by the 
 various precinct War Boards. The resolution in- 
 cluded the application of this method to drives 
 other than Liberty Loans for war purposes. 
 
 The War Board established Sept. 30 as the day 
 for the drive. An order was issued that did away 
 with solicitors. Notices were sent to every person 
 that they appear on the designated date at the 
 usual polling place in their precinct and subscribe 
 to their allotment. The precinct War Boards were 
 in charge of the matter, assisted by volunteer cler- 
 ical workers. Failure to appear at the designated 
 hour involved such penalty as the War Board might 
 determine upon. 
 
 By the use of posters, literature and newspaper 
 space tlie widest publicity was again given the un- 
 dertaking. Patriotic merchants and business men 
 of the county bought and paid for many pages of 
 newspaper advertising over their names. This e.x- 
 tended and gratuitous publicity campaign contrib- 
 uted much to the success achieved. 
 
 Splendid enthusiasm marked the drive on Sept. 
 30th. It was known that our soldires, hundreds 
 of Martin county boys among them, were engaged 
 in the victorious drive that was to force the war 
 to a speedy end. The news dispatches abounded in 
 tidings of optimistic character. People came to 
 the polling places ready and willing to buy "with- 
 out stint or limit." Many voluntarily raised their 
 allotments, some doubling them. The allotment of 
 the county was readily raised. As in previous loans 
 there were quite a number of "blue cards" turned 
 in on people who either refused entirely or pro- 
 tested tlie amounts assessed to them. All of these 
 cases were properly disposed of by the War Board. 
 In this drive there were 4,4.53 buyers of bonds in 
 the county — more than one-fifth of the population. 
 The total amount subscribed was $1,109,000. 
 
 The death of Chairman Frank E. Wade on 
 March 3, 1919, after having directed the raising 
 of the first four loans, created a vacancy that was 
 filled through the appointment by the County War 
 Board of Lewis J. Hinton. banker and real estate 
 man of Truman, who was in cliarge of the fifth and 
 final loan, popularly called the "Victory Loan." 
 This was put across on April 21, 1919, in compli- 
 ance with plans formulated by the War Board at a 
 meeting on April 8th. Martin county's quota was 
 .$835,000. Interest was stimulated, in addition to 
 the usual forms of publicity, by a great Victory 
 Loan rally and parade, held at Fairmont April 
 18th. Nearly all of the county service men who 
 were at that time returned were present and 
 marched in the parade, being afterwards enter- 
 tained as guests of the city. Congressman F. E. 
 Ellsworth of the 2nd Minn. Dist. was the orator of 
 the occasion. Additional interest was created by 
 the presence in the parade and on the streets of 
 Fairmont of a battle tank which had seen World 
 War service. 
 
 On "Zero Day" Ceylon again carried off the 
 honors by being the first to report that its quota 
 had been exceeded. Despite the facts that roads 
 were bad and farmers busily engaged with their 
 seeding nearly everyone reported promptly in obe- 
 dience to notice given and many voluntarily took 
 amounts much in excess of their allotments. This 
 
 loan was not coercive, citizens were expected but 
 not required to subscribe the amounts assigned 
 them. To a remarkable degree a high quality of 
 .American citizenship asserted itself and few re- 
 fused or reduced their amounts. The loan was 
 oversubscribed more than $53,000.00. 
 
 This ended the work of the liberty loan organ- 
 ization. While Martin county failed to raise her 
 quota in the first two loans this defection was splen- 
 didly redeemed on following occasions and the 
 net results show that as a whole many thousands 
 of dollars were subscribed in excess of the aggre- 
 gate quotas. 
 
 It should be remarked that in addition to sums 
 raised by the civilian citizenship nearly every sol- 
 dier and sailor from the county bought bonds in 
 the service, aggregating a large sum, upon which 
 of course definite figures cannot be compiled. 
 
 War Savings and Thrift Stamps. 
 
 The sale of War Savings and Thrift Stamps, 
 undertaken by the government for the dual pur- 
 pose of encouraging thrift among the people and 
 furnishing additional funds for war purposes, was 
 taken up early in the war. Designed at first prin-" 
 cipally to attract investments by children and those 
 financially unable to buy Liberty Bonds the move- 
 ment grew to great importance and resulted in 
 probably not less than half a million dollars be- 
 ing loaned the government by Martin county peo- 
 ple. No accurate figures are available as for sev- 
 eral months the stamps were sold through the 
 postmasters at every postoffice. 
 
 JOHN F. IIAECKEL 
 
 \'ice-Cliairman War Savings, Fairmont, Secretary and Treasurer 
 United War Work. Born at Lake County, 111., Feb. 19, 1880. 
 Cashier Fairmont National Bank. 
 
 Finally, sandwiched between the third and fourth 
 liberty loans, an ambitious campaign on war stamps 
 was put on with a thorough organization through- 
 out the county. Supt. H. E. Wolfe was the first 
 War Savings chairman of the county but as he en- 
 tered service a successor was chosen by the county 
 War Board in the person of John H. Grill of Fair- 
 mont. John F. Haeckel of Fairmont was chosen 
 vice-chairman and there was a chairman in each 
 precinct, all .given full standing as members of the 
 county War Board. 
 
 On June 10th, 1918, the government called on 
 
 46 
 
Martin county to raise $400,000 as its quota of the 
 war savings stamps campaign. The amount was 
 apportioned by the War Board in the several pre- 
 cincts and individual allotments made as in the 
 third and fourth Liberty Loans. Solicitors can- 
 vassed every person in the county and all were 
 required to subscribe their apportionment or make 
 satisfactory explanation to the war board. 
 
 The War Savings Stamps did not prove as at- 
 tractive to the average citizen as Liberty Bonds and 
 it was onl}' by the greatest effort on the part of 
 
 Chairman Grill and his assistants that the issue was 
 put over. However, when the final returns were 
 tabulated the county exceeded its quota over 
 $39,000. 
 
 As in the Liberty Loans there were a considerable 
 number who. lacking in patriotism, were sum- 
 moned before the War Board and compelled to 
 take their allotments. The War Board held several 
 sessions for this purpose examining and passing 
 upon the cases of objectors from all parts of the 
 county. 
 
 CH.^PTER VIL 
 
 The Work of the Red Cross 
 
 Previous to the World War the American Red 
 Cross had no organization or membership in Mar- 
 tin county. Though our people were fa- 
 miliar with the never-ceasing benevoletices of this 
 wonderful organization and had to some extent 
 contributed thereto for years there had never be^ 
 fore been an emergency, local or otherwise, that 
 had brought about organized endeavor for works 
 of mercy. 
 
 Immediately war was declared all at once re- 
 alized that a great part must be played through 
 the Red Cross. On April 13, 1917, a group of 
 Fairmont women met to formulate plans for Red 
 Cross and other war work. This was the initial 
 step in a movement that was to quickly include 
 practically every person in the county. A week 
 later another meeting was held and some steps 
 taken toward organization. At this meeting Mrs. 
 Henry Rippe was designated to take up Red Cross 
 activities and Miss Katherine Rippe. Junior Red 
 Cross. These meetings were entirely on the in- 
 itiative of the loyal women of the city and were to 
 a .great degree informal but were the nucleus around 
 which sentiment rallied and from which came the 
 great, organized work a little later. 
 
 On June 11 the Martin county Red Cross was 
 tentatively organized, temporary officers chosen 
 and arran,gements made for a drive for funds and 
 a mass meeting for formal, permanent organiza- 
 tion. The temporary ohicers were E. C. Dean, 
 president; .Alex Grant, vice president; E. Howard 
 I'itz, secretary; and D. S. W'ade, treasurer. An exec- 
 utive committee was also appointed, the personnel 
 of which was not permanent. This meeting was fos- 
 tered by and held at the rooms of the Fairmont Com- 
 mercial Club. 
 
 The object of this meeting was to meet the call of 
 the national or.ganization for funds. Martin coun- 
 ty's initial quota was $20,000. To raise this amount 
 a great mass meeting was called of all the people of 
 the county at the Strand theater in Fairmont on Sun- 
 day evenin.g. June 17th. The buildin.g was packed. 
 Judge E. C. Dean presided. There were addresses 
 by J. A. Everett, Civil War veteran; Arthur M. Nel- 
 son, Spanish-.^merican War veteran; Attorney .\lbert 
 R. .\llen. Editor Alfred Torngren, Senator Albert L. 
 Ward, Dr. A. L. Bixby of Lincoln, Nebraska, Fa- 
 ther E. J. O'Connell of the Catholic church (which 
 had already raised a large sum for Red Cross work), 
 and .\ttorney J. E. Haycraft. 
 
 Tliough the people of the county had not yet been 
 educated to war giving the response was immediate 
 and generous. One fourth of the amount asked of 
 the county was pledged. There was one subscription 
 of $500, one of $300, twenty-five of $100 each and a 
 great number in amounts ranging from $50 down- 
 
 ward. Much of this money was pledged by people 
 outside of Fairmont. After final organization was 
 effected the subscriptions were allotted equitably to 
 the various Red Cross chapters of the county. 
 
 This meeting was speedily followed by others 
 throughout the county at wliich a battery of "four 
 minute speakers" drove niglit and day to set the 
 appeal before the people. A few days after the 
 I"airmont meeting the people of Triumph and Mon- 
 terey assembled and gave over $800; Granada had 
 a great meeting and gave nearly $2,000. By June 
 2(lth Martin county had responded with more than 
 the allotted $20,000 asked in its first Red Cross drive. 
 
 REV. ALBERT E. FILLMORE 
 
 County Chairman American Red Cross. Pastor Episcopal Cliurch. 
 Had a son in the military service. Born Dakota County. Jlinn., 
 Feb. 5, 1864. 
 
 From this time forward all Red Cross work was 
 on closely organized lines, directed by the national 
 body. Permanent and official organization of the 
 Martin county chapter of the American Red Cross 
 was effected June 39, 1917. There were some changes 
 from the original officer personnel, the offices be- 
 ing given to persons who were believed best quali- 
 fied therefor. This was no reflection on the first 
 temporary officers as they all found their appropri- 
 ate places in the various war activities. The perma- 
 nent officers of the Martin County chapter, which 
 still continues, are: 
 
 Rev. .\lbert E. Fillmore, county chairman. Rev. 
 Fillmore is rector of the Fairmont Episcopal church. 
 
 47 
 
He had a son in service and was very active in all 
 war work. 
 
 Mrs. Byron H. Curtis, prominent Fairmont church 
 and club woman, vice president. 
 
 A. W. Gamble, cashier of the Martin County Na- 
 tional Bank, treasurer. 
 
 Miss Louise Wohlhuter, a capable accountant and 
 bookkeeper at the Martin County National Bank, 
 secretary. 
 
 Executive Committee: E. C. Dean, judge of the 
 district court; Mrs. O. R. Wolf, Mrs. Frank A. Day, 
 Mrs. Henrv Rippe. judge of probate Arza R. Fan- 
 cher. Airs. G. H. Luedtke, and later, Mrs. B. H. Cur- 
 tis and Mrs. J. E. Haycraft. , 
 
 Through the county headquarters at Fairmont or- 
 ganization of local chapters quickly followed. By 
 August 1st there were chapters fully officered and 
 actively at work in Sherburn, Ceylon, Triumph-Mon- 
 terey East Chain. Dunneli, Cedar township, Tru- 
 man Granada, Welcome, Fox Lake and Waverly 
 townships. On August 13th permanent county head- 
 quarters were opened at the court house in Fairmont 
 and maintained there throughout the war, the rooms 
 being generously provided by the board of county 
 commissioners without charge. 
 
 The county chairman and executive committee was 
 ably assisted bv various appropriate committees, _ as 
 follows, the chairmen only of each committee being 
 
 named: t- it c 
 
 Organization of Branches— J. E. Haycraft. 
 
 Finance — F. W. Betz. 
 
 Publicity— Mrs. B. H. Curtis. 
 
 Membership Drive— DeForrest Ward. 
 
 Hospital Supplies— Mrs. W. L. Lamb, succeeded 
 in Dec, 1917. by Mrs. Frank F. Huntting. 
 
 Knitting — Mrs. DeForrest Ward. 
 
 Purchasing— Mrs. T. P. Hagerty. 
 
 Junior Red Cross— Co. Supt. Minnie Follett. 
 
 Surgical Dressings— Mrs. H. S. Fairley. 
 
 Home Service— Ben E. Ballou, succeeded in April. 
 1919, by Arthur M. Nelson. 
 
 There was a concerted drive for memberships in 
 December, 1917. At this time the entire county was 
 covered by solicitors. The objective was 10,000 
 members in the county. A speaking campaign sup- 
 plemented the other publicity methods. Capt. J. B. 
 Sanborn, a returned and partially disabled war hero 
 of the British army visited the county and spoke 
 at the county seat and elsewhere. His story of the 
 work of the Red Cross at the front was heard by 
 great audiences who were stirred to activity by his 
 recitals. The clergy assisted in all churches. The 
 result was a countv membership exceeding 10,000. 
 
 In the fall and winter of 1917-18 Red Cross auc- 
 tions proved popular methods of raising funds for 
 Red Cross purposes. Many thousands of dollars 
 were raised in this way. The custom originated at 
 the farm auctions. Farmers having these sales would 
 donate some article to be sold and the proceeds 
 given to the Red Cross. Usually it was a fowl 
 or other live stock. The price brought always far 
 exceeded the actual value. Then the article would 
 be again donated and put up for sale time after 
 time. A calf sold in this way at Truman brought 
 $3,955. Another at Welcome, $4,250. 
 
 This auction custom led to formal sales of this 
 character being held in towns and villages. These 
 were Widely announced and drew large crowds. 
 Auctioneers' donated their services and the occasions 
 were made gala events. At such a sale Fairmont 
 raised $12,000. East Chain $5,455. Northrop $2,600 
 and other places large amounts. By May, 1918, Red 
 Cross revenue from this source amounted to more 
 than $50,000 in the county. Memberships in the Red 
 Cross at that date amounted to 14,650. 
 
 The second call for funds, $20,000 in amount, was 
 made bv national headquarters in May, 1920. The 
 whirlwind drive for the purpose netted $8,500 more 
 than was asked. 
 
 A unique but undesired source of revenue in con- 
 siderable amounts was fines imposed by the courts 
 upon disloyalists. The court in several instances, 
 also the County Branch of the Safety Commission, m 
 imposing punishment for convictions in cases of this 
 kind, in addition to other penalties specified that 
 certain amounts be paid into the Red Cross treas- 
 ury. This procedure brought in a good many hun- 
 dreds of dollars. „ , ^ r-i • . 
 
 Christmas, 1918, saw the second Red Cross Lhrist- 
 mas roll call, which was in reality a second member- 
 ship drive. Although the war was then over, interest 
 in and support of the Red Cross was keen. E. R. 
 Flygare was chairman of this drive. The drive 
 netted 6,900 members. 
 
 Total funds raised by the Fairmont branch, ac- 
 cording to the report of the history committee, con- 
 sisting of Mrs. J. E. Haycraft, Mrs. B H. Curtis 
 and Miss Louise Wohlhuter, were as follows: 
 
 December, 1917, membership drive $1,634.00 
 
 March, 1918, band concert 999.00 
 
 March, 1918, Lutheran School auction...... 447.60 
 
 March', 1918, Red Cross auction 11.446.0.5 
 
 August, 1918, second Red Cross drive 2,038.5.1 
 
 December, 1918, membership drive ■ 1.S80.25 
 
 $17,854.45 
 
 Disbursements covered a wide range of calls. 
 $500 00 went to fire sufferers in northern Minnesota. 
 Other expenditures were for supplies in the various 
 departments and in response to calls from headquar- 
 ters from time to time. Whenever these calls came 
 the money or finished goods were ready to meet the 
 requisitions. The :\Iartin county chapters were in 
 fact over financed, all having substantial sums on 
 hand after all war demands had ceased. 
 
 Under direction of the history committee reports 
 have been furnished by nearly all departments and 
 local chapters. These reports follow: 
 
 Hospital Department. 
 
 The following method was used in conducting the 
 Hospital Department of Martin county, Minnesota; 
 
 Captains were appointed to have charge of the 
 sewing room each day of the week. 
 
 Two stock-keepers had charge of the stockroom 
 each day, who invoiced stock, gave out unfinished 
 articles, and received all finished articles. 
 
 Chairman of the Hospital Department had super- 
 vision over all sewing, inspection, and shipping ot 
 
 all articles. , . a u ti,. 
 
 The total estimate of articles completed by the 
 Fairmont branch, up to April 1, 1919, is 8,475. 
 HAZEL HUNTTING 
 
 Chairman Hospital Supply Co. 
 
 Knitting Department. 
 
 The knitting department of the Martin county 
 chapter was organized September 1, 1917. Mrs. 
 DeForrest Ward was appointed chairman. Mrs 
 Ward appointed chairmen of ten branches and ot 
 three auxiliaries in the county. 
 
 July 1, 1919, our work will cease. In the year 
 and ten months this county will have comp eted and 
 shipped to headquarters over 15,000 knitted articles 
 Over 5 000 pounds of yarn have been used at a cost 
 of $11 500 00 1,300 balls of Dexter cotton have been 
 used, teaching the children to knit with which they 
 made 1,450 wash cloths for the hospitals. $500.00 
 worth of knitting needles were used in the county. 
 2 850 sweaters have been made, 9,000 pairs of socks 
 have been knit as well as 1,343 pairs of wristlets 
 450 helmets and trench caps, 550 mufflers, several 
 dozen eye bandages and hot water bottle covers. 
 Over 1 000 six-inch squares, made of odds and enas 
 of yarn donated by the mothers, were knit by the 
 
 48 
 
children and were sewed together, making afghans 
 for use over the wheel chairs in the hospitals. 
 
 Since February 1, 1919, the knitting department 
 has been working on refugee knitting, and when we 
 close will have shipped 100 women's shawls, 100 pairs 
 of children's stockings, 100 children's sweaters, and 
 50 mnfiflers. 
 
 MARY WARD, 
 
 Chairman Knitting Dept. 
 
 Report of Surgical Dressing Department. 
 
 Tlie Surgical Dressings Department of the Fair- 
 mont chapter of the Martin county Red Cross was 
 organized May 2s. 1918, with the registration of the 
 workers, and work was begun early in June under 
 the direction of the chairman, lilrs. H. S. Fairley and 
 the vice-chairman, Mrs. Cora Golden. Remaining 
 meni'bers of the committee of five were Mrs. E. C. 
 Dean, Mrs. F. E. Wade, and Alma Peterson, the 
 latter serving as treasurer. 
 
 The course on surgical dressings was given by 
 Mrs. Fairley in August, and completed by Mrs. R. 
 Zierke. Gertrude Schrooten, Marion Gerth, Mrs. 
 .\lida Petrie and Mrs. Frank L. Whitney. 
 
 Work was done on three afternoons a week and 
 one evening, and in the five months up to the sign- 
 ing of the armistice, when all sur,gical dressing work 
 was discontinued, between 8, .500 and 10,000 dressings 
 were made. This work was done by the Fairmont 
 department alone, no other branches having been 
 organized in the county. 
 
 MRS. H. S. FAIRLEY. 
 
 Chairman Surgic,-il Dressings. 
 
 Report of Home Service Department. 
 
 The Home Service section of the Martin county, 
 Minnesota, chapter, American Red Cross, was organ- 
 ized with Ben Ballon as chairman in May, 1918. 
 
 Owing to the impracticability of maintainin.g an 
 office for the Home Service section the work inci- 
 dent thereto has devolved upon the chairman, who 
 has functioned also as secretary and treasurer. 
 
 There were in all fifty deaths in action or from 
 disease among Martin county soldiers. In nearly all 
 of these cases the Home Service section extended 
 important aid in procuring data, locating graves, col- 
 lecting arrears of pay, obtaining personal effects of 
 deceased for next of kin, adjusting uncompleted Lib- 
 erty bond accounts and establishing war risk insur- 
 ance claims. 
 
 There were hundreds of cases where through per- 
 sonal calls and interviews relatives were comforted 
 and reassured on matters troubling them through 
 the service of members of the family. When infor- 
 mation or explanations could be given, as was or- 
 dinarily possible, home folks were made contented 
 and morale strengthened. 
 
 Several people came to the Home Service depart- 
 ment for information concerning relatives resident in 
 enemy countries. Communications passed back and 
 forth which resulted in relieving much anxiety. 
 
 The great ibulk of the work of this department 
 commenced with the return of the soldiers. Their 
 problems presented such a mass of work and inti- 
 mate knowledge of army organization and detail 
 that Chairman Ben Ballon was compelled to resign. 
 Rev. A. E. Fillmore, chairman of the Martin county 
 chapter, induced Major Arthur M. Nelson, a returned 
 soldier who had served in the .Adjutant General's 
 department, to take up the work. He has devoted 
 the greater part of his time to Red Cross work since 
 February, 1919. 
 
 Hundreds of returned soldiers have been advised 
 and helped in regard to arrearages of pay, non-re- 
 ceipt of Liberty bonds, lost discharge certificates, 
 compensation claims, discontinued allotments and 
 many other matters. Assistance has been given in 
 
 more than 1,000 cases incident to the Minnesota State 
 Soldiers' Bonus. 
 
 When the $60.00 bonus and additional mileage for 
 soldiers discliarged before March 1st became availa- 
 ble several Iiundred of these claims were handled. 
 
 Wide publicity to the services offered was obtained 
 through the newspapers of the county. This result- 
 ed in placing the matter prominently before the re- 
 turned soldiers. 
 
 The Home Service section has sou,ght to encour- 
 a,ge and assist the discharged men in changing and 
 keeping up their war risk insurance. Many who had 
 allowed their certificates to lapse have been induced 
 to reinstate a part of the amount. 
 
 No time has been devoted by this section to keep- 
 ing or compiling statistical information. That the 
 Home Service section is appreciated and doing val- 
 uable work is attested by the great volume of duties 
 brought to it. 
 
 There is every indication that the work of this 
 department will continue indefinitely 
 We hereb}' certify this history to be correct. 
 Marie S. Haycraft, 
 Mrs. B. H. Curtis, Per M. S. H. 
 Louise Wohlheter, Secretary. 
 
 History Committee. 
 Albert E. Fillmore, 
 
 Chairm;in M.irtin County Chapter. 
 
 History of the Sherburn Branch of Martin County 
 Chapter A. R. C. 
 
 A meeting was called July 9, 1917, for the purpose 
 of organizing a Red Cross branch at Sherburn, Min- 
 nesota. 
 
 Dr. R. C. Farrish acted as chairman of the meet- 
 ing. 
 
 The by-laws and other literature relating to the 
 American Red Cross organization were read and 
 iliscussed and resulted in the organization of the 
 branch and the election of the following ofticers: 
 
 Dr. R. C. Farrish, chairman: Rev. R. Levin, Pastor 
 of the M. E. church, vice chairman; Miss Elizabeth 
 Eisenmenger, secretary; C. E. Landin of the Sher- 
 burn National Bank, treasurer. 
 
 The above mentioned officers together with the 
 following charter members formed the Executive 
 committee: 
 
 Mrs. A. G. T. Broun, Mrs. H. G. Seifert, Mrs. C. 
 Young, Mrs. Ada Peddie, Mrs. John W. Eisen- 
 menger, Mrs. M. J. Farrish, Mrs. F. Bettenhausen, 
 Mrs. J. H. Grill, .Mrs. J. C. Flygare, .Mrs. M. J. 
 Loonier. 
 
 The amount of fourteen dollars received from these 
 members as application fees was remitted to the 
 secretary of the Martin county chapter with appli- 
 cation for a permanent organization. 
 
 This recjuest was granted on July Ifi, 1917. The 
 Branch was given jurisdiction over the villa.ge of 
 Sherburn and the immediate surrounding territory. 
 
 Miss Elizabeth Eisenmenger resigned as Secretary 
 and Mrs. J. E. Flygare was appointed to fill the va- 
 cancy. 
 
 The officers named served during the entire period 
 of the branch's activity. 
 
 A few changes occurred on the Executive Board, 
 namely: Mrs. H. G. Seifert resigned and her place 
 was filled by Mrs. G. H. Matson February 23, 1918. 
 Mrs. J. H. Grill resigned and her place was filled by 
 Mrs. B. H. Roth .April 27, 1918. 
 
 The following committees were appointed and 
 served faithfully: 
 Finance: 
 
 .\. G. T. Broun, Pres. Bank of Sherburn, Chair- 
 itian; H. G. Seifert, Druggist; J. C. Flygare, Clothing 
 Merchant. 
 Hospital Supply: 
 
 Mrs. F. Betienhausen, Chairman; Mrs. G. H. Mat- 
 son, Mrs. Ada Peddie from September 0, 1917 to 
 
 40 
 
February :^3, 191S, when Mrs. Bettenhausen resigned 
 and Mrs. Matson acted as Chairman. 
 
 On March 30. 1918, Mrs. M. J. Farrish was ap- 
 pointed Head Supervisor and the following ladies as- 
 sisted one day each week as Supervisor of the sew- 
 in.s;: 
 
 Mrs. A. G. T. Broun. Mrs. T. Fogarty, Mrs. G. H. 
 Matson. Mrs. L. Mackeben, Mrs. B. H. Roth and 
 IMiss Jennie Santer. 
 
 Miss Wally Grupe had charge every Monday even- 
 ing. 
 
 Mrs. M. J. Farrish resigned in September. 191S. 
 and Mrs. A. G. T. Broun acted as Supervisor until 
 November 16, 1918. when she resigned and Mrs. G. H. 
 Matson was appointed Supervisor and continued to 
 serve until the close of the work. 
 
 Purchasing Committee: 
 
 Mrs. -\. G. T. lironn and Mrs. J. E. FI}-gare were 
 appointed September fi. 1917, and served in that ca- 
 pacity until January 36, 1918, when this committee 
 was combined witli tlie Hospital Supply Committee. 
 Knitting Committee: 
 
 Mrs. A. G. T. Broun, Chairman; Mrs. O. A. Nelson 
 and Mrs. K. Griebel. Mrs. Broun .gave unlimited 
 time to tlie instruction of knitters and inspecting the 
 work, besides knittin.g numerous articles. Mrs. Grie- 
 bel superintended the knitting of socks besides per- 
 sonally knitting 14.5 pairs. 
 
 Publicity Committee: 
 
 R. C. Farrish and Mrs. J. E. Flygare. 
 
 School Auxiliary Committee: 
 
 Superintendent G, H. Helgeson, C. E. Landin and 
 ;\Irs. J. E. Flygare. 
 
 Committee on Red Cross Auction: 
 
 A. G. T. Broun. H. G. Seifert, J. C. Flygare, R. 
 Levin, C. E. Landin. 
 
 The first canvass for membership and funds took 
 place Saturday afternoon, July 14, 1917, and same 
 was accompanied by a parade, speaking and a supper 
 in the evening, and resulted in the securing of 160 
 new members. 
 
 Tlirou.gh the efforts of the school children on No- 
 vember 1, 1917, a fund of $23 was collected for the 
 Soldiers' Christmas Packets. 
 
 In the latter part of November. 1917, funds were 
 getting low and the Finance Committee gave a 
 dance for the benefit of the Branch. This dance was 
 well patronized and brought $369.40 into the treasury. 
 
 In March, 1918, the funds again were running low 
 and it was decided to hold an auction for the benefit 
 of the Branch, this having been done successfully in 
 other places. As before mentioned a committee was 
 appointed to arrange the matter and tlie said com- 
 mittee solicited donations from the people of Sher- 
 burn and surrounding territory for tlie purpose of 
 selling donated articles at a public sale to be held 
 on March 19, 1918, in the Village Street. 
 
 The committee met w-ith liberal responses from 
 town people and country people alike and articles 
 too numerous to mention were brought in on the 
 given date. 
 
 The chief event of the sale was the selling of a 
 Shetland pony which had been donated by Mrs. 
 Mary White, a widow who had three sons in the 
 service. This pony was bought and donated back 
 innumerable times until the proceeds of its sale 
 amounted to almost $6,000. Tlie total amount col- 
 lected from said sale was $7, 91:.'. 13. The grand suc- 
 cess of the sale was largeh- due to the splendid work 
 done by the auctioneer, John L. Roebke, of Sherburn, 
 who gave freely of his time and money, not only 
 at this sale but at every other sale in the county 
 or surrounding counties where he officiated. 
 
 Through correspondence with F. W. Bruno, of 
 the Civilian Relief Committee the Branch allowed 
 Mrs. Thomas Benjamin $100.00 to aid her in sending 
 her husband to a sanitarium. 
 
 One collection of old shoes was sent east and three 
 collections of old clothing made for the Belgians, 
 fire suflferers in Northern Minnesota and for the des- 
 titute of Europe. 
 
 A linen shower for the French Hospitals brought 
 in 345 articles. 
 
 Tlie Hospital Sujiply Committee turned in 1,395 
 articles of which the Auxiliary of Elm Creek with 
 Mrs. John Carlson as chairman turned in 155 bed- 
 shirts. 
 
 The Sherburn Travel Class gave their Thursday 
 study period in part to sewing and study of topics 
 relating to war conditions. The sewing done in- 
 cluded 100 army shirts remodeled and 185 refugee 
 garments. 
 
 The Knitting Committee is credited with 1,481 ar- 
 ticles. The Patriotic League of the Eastern Star 
 responded to the call by knitting 35 articles. 
 
 Complete Financial Statement of the Branch. 
 Receipts. 
 
 From sociables, dances, etc $ 797.31 
 
 Christmas Packet funds 24.23 
 
 Red Cross auction 7,912.12 
 
 Memberships and dues (exclusive of drives') 319.00 
 Returned to us from Martin Co. chapter 
 
 from dues 144.50 
 
 Returned to us from Martin Co. chapter 
 
 from drives 939.00 
 
 Donations 269.41 
 
 Sale of yarn and supplies 232.24 
 
 Interest collected on time deposits 300.00 
 
 Total receipts $10,937.81 
 
 Disbursements. 
 Remitted to jMartin Co. chapter (exclusive of 
 
 drives) $ 313.00 
 
 Paid out for local expenses 67.57 
 
 Paid out for varn and supplies... 3,068.91 
 Paid out for Christmas Packets . . 25.00 
 Paid out for Benjamin relief 100.00 
 
 Total disbursements $574.48 
 
 Cash on hand $7,363.33 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 Mrs. J. E. Flygare, 
 C. E. Sandin, 
 Mrs. Geo. Matson, 
 Lucy E. Broun. 
 Approved: History Committee. 
 
 R. C. Farrish. 
 
 Branch Chairman. 
 
 History of Ceylon Branch. 
 
 Introduction: The Ceylon Branch of the Martin 
 County Red Cross chapter was organized August 3, 
 1917. Its geographical limits are Lake Belt and 
 Tenhassen townships and the village of Ceylon. 
 
 Personnel: The officers and committee chairmen 
 serving from August 3. 1917 to January 4, 1918, were: 
 
 Chairman, Mrs. E. W. Bailey. 
 
 Vice-chairman, Mrs. J. C. Erase. 
 
 Secretary, Mrs. Wm. Ditz, Jr. 
 
 Treasurer, Mrs. Neal Bode. 
 
 Executive Committee, Mr. R. P. Sinclair, Mr. R. 
 W. Stewart. 
 
 Supply Committee, Mrs. H. B. Bailey. 
 
 Membership Committee, Mrs. George Follett. 
 
 Finance Committee, Mrs. J. R. Houston. 
 
 On January 4, 1918 the followin.g officers and com- 
 mittee chairmen took up their duties: 
 
 Chairman, Mrs. H. B. Bailey. 
 
 Vice-chairman, Rev. Geo. Williams. 
 
 Secretary, Mrs. Wm. Ditz, Jr. 
 
 Treasurer, Mrs. Neal Bode. 
 
 50 
 
Executive Committee, Mrs. O. L. Shively, Mrs. 
 J. C. Frase. 
 
 Supply Committee, Mrs. William Cook. 
 
 Membership Committee, Mrs. Geo. Follett. 
 
 Finance Committee, Mr. R. P. Sinclair. 
 
 Knitting Committee, Mrs. John Champine. 
 
 These officers and chairmen are still serving with 
 the exception of Mrs. Geo. Follett. who was re- 
 placed by Mrs. A. E. Alton on October 29, 1918. 
 
 Organization: Our Committees were appointed by 
 the executive committee and each committee chair- 
 man kept the records of work done by his or her 
 committee. 
 
 Record of the Work: Our Branch raised $59.00 by 
 meinbership dues at its organization of which we re- 
 ceived 50%. 
 
 The following money was raised in these various 
 ways : 
 Tag Day refund from Martin Co. chapter. 
 
 Nov. 30, 191T $ 135.55 
 
 Show, Sept. 30, 1917 106.25 
 
 Supper, Nov. 29, 1917 129.31 
 
 Membership drive ending Dec. 24, 1917.... 305.50 
 
 Refund from Martin Co. chapter 165.15 
 
 High School play 94.50 
 
 Auction sale under auspices of Lake Belt 
 
 Farmers' Club 4,902.57 
 
 Show, May 28, 1918 54.25 
 
 Dance by Messrs. Andrews and A. Prust . . 73.00 
 
 Refund from Martin Co. chapter 622.00 
 
 Christmas roll call ending Dec. 24, 1918 640.00 
 
 Refund from Martin Co. chapter 320.00 
 
 Donations. 
 
 Henry Dettman $403.30 
 
 Primary Department • ■ . . 19.22 
 
 Miss .-\ndrews. District No. 32 '..... 94.00 
 
 Rebekah Lodge 5.00 
 
 Grandma Stone 10.00 
 
 Mrs. Mary Alvord 10.00 
 
 Harvest Money 89.20 
 
 Pro-German Fines 100.00 
 
 Mrs. John Champine 5.00 
 
 Mrs. Decatur Pasley 5.00 
 
 Miscellaneous 40.83 
 
 Number of hospital .garments finished and 
 
 sent to Chapter 1,448 
 
 Number of knitted articles 812 
 
 The Ceylon Branch donated $550.00 to the Ar- 
 menian Relief F''und and paid out $162.85 in relieving 
 sufifering during the influenza epidemic in Ceylon 
 and vicinitv. 
 
 Mrs. O. L. Shively. 
 
 Mrs. Wm. Ditz, Jr. 
 
 Mrs. J. C. Frase, 
 
 Mrs. H. B. Bailey, 
 
 Branch Chairman. 
 
 Triumph-Monterey Branch American Red Cross. 
 
 On Aug. 24. 1917. the people of the community 
 responded to the call for a public patriotic meeting 
 to be held on the school grounds. After a parade 
 of the people present. Attorney A. R. Allen of Fair- 
 mont delivered a remarkable patriotic speech after 
 which the public assembled in the school house and 
 a permanent Branch of the Martin County Red Cross 
 chapter was organized, the Branch starting with 49 
 members and endin.g with 466. 
 
 The territory included Triumph-Monterey and the 
 Township of Galena and a portion of Elm Creek 
 Township. 
 
 The following officers were elected for the ensuing 
 year: 
 
 Branch Officers and Executive Committee. 
 
 Dr. Jos. A. Butz, Cliairman. 
 
 Mrs. G. Oberle, Vice Chairman. 
 
 Mrs. Chas. Hastings, Treasurer. 
 
 Mrs. F. W. Winter, Secretary. 
 
 Airs. R. B. Hall. 
 Mrs. L. W. Steele. 
 Mrs. R. Jones. 
 
 Purchasing and Work Committee. 
 
 Mrs. J. A. Butz. Mrs. F. A. Kroeger. 
 
 Mrs. R. B. Hall. Mrs. C. I\L Stockdill. 
 
 Mrs. L. A. O. Stockdill. Mrs. Jos. Casey. 
 
 Mrs. A. G. Mathewson Mrs. W. A. Rhoads. 
 
 Mrs. G. E. Brockman. Mrs. W. D. Sweesy. 
 
 Mrs. S. P. Pope. 
 
 All cheerfully acted in their respective capacities 
 for the year. The work was at once put in motion 
 by the chairman, Dr. J. A. Butz, who put forth 
 every eflfort to make a success of the organization. 
 Altho a very busy man in his profession the chair- 
 man conducted the affairs of the organization in a 
 very efficient manner with splendid results. 
 
 At the next Annual Meeting Aug. 29, 1918, the 
 following officers were elected: 
 
 Officers and Executive Committee. 
 Dr. J. A. Butz, Chairman. 
 Rev. H. W. Neunaber. Vice Chairman. 
 Mrs. W. D. Sweesy, Secretary. 
 A. H. Esse, Treasurer. 
 Mrs. J. A. Butz Mrs. F. W. Winter 
 
 Mrs. A. H. Esse Mrs. G. LImhoefer 
 
 Mrs. G. Peterson Mrs. S. P. Pope 
 
 Mrs. C. M. Stockdill. 
 
 Purchasing and Work Committee. 
 Mrs. J. A. Butz, Chairman. Mrs. O. Westerdahl 
 Mrs. F. Kingred Mrs. G. Blanck 
 
 Mrs. E. Jerner Mrs. L. A. O. Stockdill 
 
 Mrs. A. Peterson 
 
 The Executive Committee met once each month 
 and transacted the business for the Branch. 
 
 Much praise must be given to Mesdames Sweesy, 
 Winter and Butz upon whom the most work fell, 
 keeping the records, purchasing goods, distributing 
 work, inspecting, packing and shipping — in fact the 
 business end of the Branch. 
 
 Two work rooms were maintained, one in each 
 town, which were opened to workers three days of 
 each week, these rooms being in charge of experi- 
 enced supervisors who were always at their posts to 
 supervise the sewing. The knitting supervisors for 
 the two years were Mrs. S. P. Pope, Mrs. G. Peter- 
 son, Mrs. J. P. Carlson and Mrs. A. B. Drewes. 
 
 These ladies deserve much credit for their efficient 
 and untiring work in handling the yarn, instructing 
 knitters and inspecting finished products. 
 
 The number of articles made since the Branch was 
 organized is: Garments sewed, 1,389; garments 
 knitted, 1,086. 
 
 The use of work rooms was donated by Baptist 
 Church, Commercial State Bank and Triumph State 
 Bank. 
 
 Fuel donated by the citizens and draying was done 
 gratis by draymen of both towns and Lyle Butz. 
 
 Credits were given to all sewers and knitters in the 
 form of crosses and stripes for the time spent in 
 sewing and knitting and an accurate record was kept 
 as follows: 
 
 Numbers of sewers. 106. 
 
 Number of knitters, 150. 
 
 The following workers having worked 172 hours 
 the amount of time required to receive two crosses 
 and one stripe: 
 
 Mesdames H. C. Blanck, A. G. Mathewson. A. 
 Peterson, G. Peterson, Lena Pixley, F. S. Schwalen, 
 L. A. O. Stockdill, W. D. Sweesy, F. W. Winter, G. 
 Umhoefer, D. Faivre, H. Kramer, H. Shepard, J. P. 
 Carlson, J. A. Butz, J. Casey, E. Jerner, E. W. Dush- 
 inske, G. G. Satter, Chas. Waswo, C. A. Hastings, 
 Minnie Kock, Leona Fitzsimmons and Mrs. Oscar 
 Westerdahl. 
 
 51 
 
There were 24 women in the two towns who did 
 not respond or give any time to the organization 
 work. 
 
 The second meeting was an event in the history of 
 the organization. The Red Cross Committee served 
 a fried chicken banqnet on tlie lawn of ^Irs. G. 
 Peterson to the speakers and officers of the Motor 
 Reserve and Band after which an exhibition drill of 
 the ^f otor Corps was given followed by a tremendous 
 parade of citizens, band, speakers. Red Cross work- 
 ers in uniform, Camp Fire girls and Boy Scouts, 
 after which a large crowd assembled in the Monterey 
 hall and listened to the fluent speakers. Rev. I. E. 
 Moody and Rev. H. W. Neunaber and J. E. Hay- 
 craft. 
 
 The Finances were obtained mosth' bj' public 
 contributions. Some socials, sales, dances and a 
 tag day all helped to fill the coflfers at all times and 
 there never was a shortage of funds. 
 
 The following is a brief outline of the work of 
 the Branch: 
 
 Money collected $4.7S9.47 
 
 Money expended 3,304.03 
 
 Balance on hand . . 
 
 , . .$1,48.5.44 
 
 The Branch conducted a Correspondence Club, 
 furnished la comfort kits and sent the local papers 
 to all soldiers from the community both in home 
 camps and abroad. 
 
 Much credit must be given to the Boy Scouts un- 
 der Scout Master Esse for the collection of the sev- 
 eral loads of refugee garments at different drives. 
 
 Statement of the Elm Creek Branch. 
 
 Mrs. Henry Ammann, Chairman; Mable M. Kirkle. 
 Secretary; Mrs. Geo. Swanson, Treasurer. Number 
 of workers, 42. Number of garments sewed, 48. 
 Number of garments knitted, 138. 
 
 Amount of moneys received .$339.01 
 
 Amount expended 165.95 
 
 Balance on hand $173.06 
 
 Si,gned: 
 F. A. Kroeger, 
 Mrs. W. D. Sweesy, 
 P. C. Reding, 
 
 History Committee. 
 Approved ^lay 7, 1919. 
 
 J. A. Butz. Branch Chairman. 
 
 History of the East Chain Branch of the Martin 
 County Chapter of the Red Cross. 
 
 The East Chain Branch of the Martin County 
 Chapter of the Red Cross was organized at a meet- 
 ing held in Woodman Hall September 17, 1917. Wil- 
 liam Doyle, chairman pro tern, introduced Rev. Mr. 
 Fillmore, chairman of the Martin County chapter, 
 who then proceeded witli the organization of the 
 branch according to regulations. The geograpliical 
 limits were fixed to include East Chain township, 
 the east half of Silver Lake townsliip except Section 
 4, Section 36 of Fairmont township and the two 
 lower tiers of sections in Pleasant Prairie township. 
 
 The following were elected to serve as officers: 
 William Doyle, chairman; Andrew Carlson, vice 
 chairman; Mrs. Alma L. Nelson, secretary; Robert 
 W. Nelson, treasurer. Members of the executive 
 committee were Peter Jensen, Mrs. Geo. Jones and 
 Mrs. O. J. Carlson. These officers have served from 
 the organization of the branch until the present 
 time with the exception of Mrs. Jones and Jilrs. 
 Carlson. Their removal from East Chain left vacan- 
 cies which were filled by Mrs. O. G. Rowley and 
 Mrs. Ben Owens. Wm. Dahl was also appointed vice 
 cliairman as Andrew Carlson is not a member. 
 
 The committee chairmen were as follows: Mem- 
 bership. O. G. Rowley; Finance, Wm. Dahl; Hospi- 
 tal Supply, Mrs. Wm. Doyle; Knitting, Mrs. John 
 Hall, who served until May 31, 1918, when Miss 
 Laura Hendrickson was appointed. We had none 
 other than the usual committees which were organ- 
 ized according to instructions from Division Head- 
 quarters. 
 
 The quality- of work done b5' our branch stood 
 next to Fairmont. The Hospital Supply committee 
 turned in 2,583 completed hospital .garments, 240 
 pieces for the linen shower, 146 refugee garments and 
 75 altered army shirts. The knitting committee 
 sent in 916 knitted articles. 
 
 436 new members were added to our branch in 
 the 1918 Christmas Membership drive. The total 
 membership of our branch is 600. 
 
 Our local civilian relief work consisted of assist- 
 ance given one family who lost everj-thing by fire 
 and medical aid given one family ill with influenza. 
 A lar,ge quantity of clothing was collected for Bel- 
 gium's refugees. 
 
 The money to finance our work was raised in va- 
 rious ways. There were many individual donations 
 of money. The Finance committee gave an oyster 
 supper, schools gave entertainments and turned the 
 proceeds into the Red Cross. 
 
 During harvest the business men of our little vil- 
 lage shocked grain for farmers in our vicinity and 
 pay for their time was turned into the treasury of 
 the Red Cross. 
 
 At private auctions articles were donated to the 
 Red Cross and sold many times, realizing large sums 
 for our work. The largest sum raised at one time 
 was that secured at our Red Cross auction. Mem- 
 bers donated everything from canned fruit and veg- 
 etables to cattle and hogs. These articles were sold 
 at auction by two prominent auctioneers aid 
 $5,312.28 was realized. 
 
 Mrs. Irene H. Ruble, 
 Mrs. Alma L. Nelson, 
 R. W. Nelson, 
 
 Historj' Committee. 
 Approved: 
 
 Wm. Doyle, 
 Chairman. 
 
 History of Dunnell Branch of the Martin County 
 Chapter of Red Cross. 
 
 The Dunnell branch of the Martin County Chap- 
 ter of tlie Red Cross was organized at Dunnell 
 .\ug. 29. 1917. The following officers were elected: 
 
 President C. Linus Peterson 
 
 Vice President M. M. Sorenson 
 
 Secretary Lotta Larson 
 
 Treasurer Mrs. E. G. Math wig 
 
 One hundred sixteen members were obtained at 
 this meeting. This branch includes Lake Fremont, 
 and a part of Lake Belt and Jay townships. During 
 the first year 412 were enrolled. During the Christ- 
 mas Roll Call of 1918, 497 members were secured. 
 
 The executive committee at their first session 
 Sept. 11. 1917, elected the hospital supplies' and knit- 
 ting committees with Mrs. J. A. Linder and Mrs. 
 August Wenberg as chairmen respectively. All offi- 
 cers and chairmen have held office continuously from 
 the time of their election to the present time (May 
 0. 1919). C. Linus Peterson, the president, is a lead- 
 ing figure in the business and social affairs of the 
 community. He is a born executive and has been 
 the right man for the place. M. M. Sorenson, the 
 vice president, is an enthusiastic worker in every 
 office which he holds. He is intensely patriotic and 
 is working hard in this cause. The Red Cross mem- 
 bers showed good judgment in the election of Miss 
 Lotta Larson as secretary. This office carries with 
 it a great amount of work in the executive committee. 
 Both ability and inclination fit her for the position. 
 
 52 
 
Mrs. E. G. Mathwig, one of Dunnell's most hard 
 working and patriotic women, served efficiently as 
 treasurer. Mrs. J. A. Linder and Mrs. August Wen- 
 berg have been untiring in their efforts to make 
 their departments efficient. Both have been compe- 
 tent and .\ class work has been forwarded to head- 
 quarters. 
 
 The following committees were organized: 
 
 1. Executive Committee. 
 
 2. Membership Committee. 
 .■!. Finance Committee. 
 
 4. Hospital Supply Committee. 
 
 5. Knitting Committee. 
 
 4. The following articles have been manufac- 
 tured: 
 
 190 hospital shirts, 95 suits pajamas, 10 pair leg- 
 gings, 9 pair socks, :34 triangular bandages, 23 split- 
 tailed bandages, 2.3 abdominal banda,ges, 8 covers for 
 hot water bags, 'i bed coats, 212 refugee petticoats, 
 4 dozen tray cloths and napkins, .50 bath towels, 100 
 hand towels, 60 handkerchiefs, 5 napkins. 25 sheets, 
 100 army shirts (remodeled), 10 refugee dresses, 
 20 boys' drawers, 20 pinafores, 30 chemises, 417 pair 
 socks, 18 helmets, 78 sweaters, 71 wristlets, 16 muf- 
 flers. 
 
 First War Drive $333.76 
 
 Second War Drive 351.94 
 
 I^elief Work: Fire Sufiferers of Minn 200.00 
 
 Besides the war drives and membership dues the 
 following methods have l)een used to finance the 
 Brancli : 
 
 Socials $231.44 
 
 Entertainments 89.62 
 
 .Auctions 1,348.47 
 
 Donations 225.99 
 
 Fine 100.00 
 
 Signed: 
 Lotta Larson, 
 Rehlia Bergsten, 
 Ellen Svvanson, 
 
 History Committee. 
 C. Linus Peterson, 
 
 Branch Chairman. 
 
 Report of Cedar Branch. 
 
 The Cedar Branch of the American Red Cross 
 was temporariU' organized on Aug. 1, 191T. at the 
 home of W. L. Colburn with ten members, viz.:W. L. 
 Colburn, A. E. Edman, A. N. Nelson, A. O. .Able- 
 man, Hans Running. Mabel Swanson and Minnie 
 Swanson and Mr. and ^Irs. A. C. Martin. Mrs. A. C. 
 Martin was appointed chairman and Mabel Swanson 
 secretary. 
 
 On Sept. 7, 1917, at the home of A. O. Ableman 
 the organization was perfected. The officers for the 
 year were: Chairman, A. N. Nelson; Vice Chairman, 
 Mrs. A. C. Martin: Secretary, Mabel Swanson; 
 Treasurer, W. L. Colburn; Executive Committee, Lil- 
 lian Smithers, Grace Santee and ^Irs. Fred Sturde- 
 vant. Finance Committee Chairman, A. C. Martin, 
 Chairman Hospital Supply Committee, Mrs. A. C. 
 Martin. Chairman of the Knittin,g, Minnie Swanson. 
 Officers were elected by a vote of the people. The 
 Cedar Branch consisted of the town of Cedar. 
 
 Miss Mabel Swanson served as secretary of the 
 branch until Feb. 22, 1918, when she resigned on 
 account of ill health and Miss Mabel Syverson was 
 appointed to take her place. At the end of the fiscal 
 year the annual election was held at the home of 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Olson. The following officers 
 were elected: Chairman, G. ;M. Olson; Vice Chair- 
 man, J. S. Bolstad; Secretary and Treasurer, Mabel 
 Syverson; Executive Committee, Mrs. Hoelmer, So- 
 phia Pearson, A. N. Nelson, A. C. Martin, John Eh- 
 lers. Chairman of Hospital Supply Committee, Mrs. 
 A. C. Martin; Chairman Knitting, Minnie Swanson; 
 Chairman Finance Committee, A. C. Martin. On 
 
 Feb. 5, 1919, Mr. G. M. Olson resigned his vacancy 
 bemg filled by Vice Chairman, J. S. Bolstad. 
 
 There being no city or village in the limits of 
 the territory covered by the, branch it was neces- 
 sary for the ladies to go from house to house to do 
 the sewing. Although not having the advantage of 
 regular sewing the record shows there was turned 
 into headquarters sewing to the amount of 483 arti- 
 cles, 599 knitted articles, there being 60 sewing meet- 
 ings held from Oct. 6, 1917, until March 14, °1919. 
 
 Cedar Branch Sewing. 
 
 Draw sheets 37, hot water bag covers 21 napkins 
 30, tray cloths 22, substitute handkerchiefs 67 bed 
 shirts 185, operating leggings 225, comfort pillows 
 40, utility bags 40, hand towels 403, pajamas 268 
 abdominal bandages 209, triangular bandages I79' 
 four-tailed bandages 11, split tailed bandages 14, bed 
 socks 14 pair, boys' underwear, size 12, 12 suits 
 women's chemises 130, girls' chemises 8, girls' draw- 
 f" -6, 5 layette outfits 142 pieces, crib quilts 3 
 child s petticoats 50, boys' underdrawers 20 armv 
 shirts 50. 
 
 Linen Shower. 
 
 Bath towels 43, li.mdkerchicfs 60, napkins 5, hand 
 towels 100, sheets 25. 
 
 Knitting beginning Oct. 4, I9I7, ending Feb. 10, 
 
 Wash cloths 150, wristlets 53 pair, mufflers 7 
 trench caps 6, helmets 13, socks 291 pair. 
 
 Financial Report. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Lunches and dinners ^ 73 j 55 
 
 Red Cross sales, socials and donations 1,598,98 
 
 Annual memberships 183 40 
 
 Returns from second war drive 225^01 
 
 Return from 1918 membership drive ......'. 123.00 
 
 Total receipts 2,863 04 
 
 Expenses. 
 
 Yarn and needles $712 92 
 
 Sewing material 1,051.87 
 
 Postage, express, and telephone ' 14.67 
 
 Membership dues 99.25 
 
 Goods for service flag 9 80 
 
 Knitting machine 25 00 
 
 Goods bought for monthly meetings 39.07 
 
 Material for Blekestad family 3.90 
 
 Total expense $1,949.48 
 
 Balance on hand $912.56 
 
 A. C. Martin, 
 Mrs. A. C. Martin, 
 Mabel Syverson, 
 
 History Committee. 
 Approved: 
 
 J. S Bolstad, 
 Chairman. 
 
 Welcome Branch. 
 American Red Cross. 
 
 On October 31, 1917, a meeting was called to or- 
 ganize a permanent Red Cross branch at Welcome. 
 This branch included Welcome, and parts of Eraser, 
 Rolling Green and Manyaska townships. At this 
 time the following officers were elected: J. W. Wol- 
 ford. Chairman; B. Alamer, Vice Chairman; Gladys 
 Ellsworth, Secretary; Dr. Strobel, Treasurer. Mrs. 
 Sartorius and J\Irs. Hanley with the four officers 
 formed the executive committee. 
 
 On October 21, 1918, Gladys Ellsworth handed in 
 her resignation, and was succeeded by Luverne Wil- 
 kinson. The other officers are still holding their 
 respective places. These officers are all loyal citi- 
 zens of our town, and have faithfully performed 
 their duties. 
 
 53 
 
In the active Red Cross work, Mrs. Sartorius acted 
 as chairman of the Knitting Department with Mrs. 
 Chas. Roloff and Mrs. Henry Rolofif as assistants. 
 Mrs. Hanley acted as chairman of the Hospital Sup- 
 ply Department, having a captain for each day of 
 the week, Mrs. Robinson who served the entire 
 time. Mrs. Wackwitz, Mrs. John Schwarz, Mrs. Van 
 Amber, Rose Finke, Mrs. Hausfeld, Mrs. Holton, 
 Mrs. H. A. Miller, Mrs. H. Werner, Mrs. H. L. Oer- 
 ber, and Mrs. Archie Decker. Mrs. Chas. Smith from 
 the country acted as chairman of the country club. 
 
 Work accomplished by the Hospital Supply De- 
 partment to and including December, 1918: 
 
 Pajamas, 348 pairs; bed shirts, 201; shoulder wraps, 
 13; pillow slips, 27 pairs: towels, 31; dresses, 5; 
 remodeled army shirts, 100. 
 
 Beginning the lirst of 1919 to the present time, 
 refugee garments turned in: 
 
 Boys' underdrawers, 20; child's underskirts, 50; 
 chemises, 30; aprons, 20. 
 
 Garments turned in by the Knitting Department: 
 
 Pairs of socks, 496; sweaters, 138 ;wristlets, 85; 
 helmets, 2; mufflers, 41; wash cloths, 31; trench caps, 
 37. 
 
 The branch also furnished their allotment in the 
 linen drive, and assisted in the collecting of old 
 clothes for the refugees. 
 
 The Red Cross was also active in the different 
 drives for funds. $800 was raised in the big Red 
 Cross drive of May 20, 1918. In the Christmas mem- 
 bership drive of December, 1918, $155.95 was taken 
 in. Donations of various amounts were received 
 from different sources. An Evangelical church col- 
 lection of $2.75 was given by H. A. Miller. Dona- 
 tions each of $5.00 were given by Camp Fire Girls 
 and School District No. 90, also a donation of 
 $70.00 was received from School District No. 89. A 
 benefit movie was given, and the proceeds of $47.50 
 were donated to the Red Cross by Manager J. F. 
 Roloff. The Royal Neighbors gave two basket so- 
 cials wliich amounted to $69.85, also a special Red 
 Cross social was given which netted $65.00. The La- 
 dies' Aid Society donated a table at the Ladies Aid 
 meeting which brought in $11.05. $44.50 was brought 
 in by citizens of the town who helped the farmers 
 in the harvest fields after office hours. A pig which 
 was given to the Red Cross, was sold at the Halk- 
 ney auction for $360.50. 
 
 A benefit auction was held March 24, 1918. Re- 
 ceipts to the amount of $6,736.90 were turned in to 
 the Red Cross, also the sum of $184.75 was raised by 
 the Junior Red Cross in a voting contest in connec- 
 tion with the sale. 
 
 During the "flu" epidemic in October, 1918, the Red 
 Cross took charge of the situation. A corps of seven 
 nurses under the supervision of Miss Greenwaldt 
 took charge of the cases. Through the aid of the 
 Motor Corps the nurses were able to attend 216 
 cases during the three weeks' time they were here. 
 The amount expended in fighting the flu, $839.38, was 
 paid by the Welcome Red Cross. 
 
 At the present time, we have an active Red Cross 
 branch, composed of 459 members. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 Mrs. Ed. Hanley, 
 Luverne Wilkinson, 
 Florence Whitney. 
 Attested: 
 
 J. W. Wolford, 
 Chairman. 
 
 Fox Lake Branch. 
 
 American Red Cross 
 
 The Fox Lake branch of the Red Cross includes 
 the township of Fox Lake. The first meeting was 
 held at Clans Timmerman's home on the old John 
 McCartin farm July 15, 1917. Judge E. C. E)ean, 
 Attorney J. E. Haycraft and J. E. Everett addressed 
 
 this meeting. The meeting was called and the pre- 
 liminary arrangements were made by C. L. Blanchar 
 who presided at the meeting. An organization was 
 formed by electing H. I. Davey Chairman, John Phil- 
 ipp. Treasurer, and C. L. Blanchar Secretary. The 
 meeting was held on the lawn and about one hun- 
 dred men. women and children attended. Contribu- 
 tions for the Red Cross were asked. Edd Bloomer 
 donated one hundred dollars, two or three gave fifty 
 dollars, several twenty-five and lower, amounting 
 in all to $249.00. As the county chapter had not re- 
 ceived its charter the money was deposited in the 
 Welcome bank. 
 
 A few months later a permit was duly accorded. 
 At a Y. M. C. A. meeting in the school house of 
 Dist. 22 November 19, 1917, the organization was 
 completed and the following elected officers: Chair- 
 man, H. L Davey; Treasurer, John Philipp; Secre- 
 tary, Mrs. F. W. Klein. 
 
 The first drive was the Christmas Drive of 1917. 
 The township was divided alloting four sections to 
 each solicitor. Two hundred seven members were 
 secured in this drive. 
 
 March 18, 1918, a Red Cross benefit sale was held 
 at a public auction of Carl Oilman, near Welcome. 
 The ladies sold lunches and the farmers brought 
 hogs, calves, poultry, grain, etc. John Roebke cried 
 file Red Cross sales, donating his service. Tlie sales 
 and lunches amounted to nearly $2,000.00. At anoth- 
 er auction Mrs. John Steen donated a pi.g that 
 brought $41.00. Mr. Bloomquist donated poultry at 
 a sale that brought $4.00. 
 
 The pupils of District 22 gave a necktie social that 
 amounted to $50.00. District 6.'! and 22 .gave a play 
 at Welcome netting $65.00. 
 
 October 24th, at Klussman auction sale, the ladies 
 of District 63 sold lunch for the benefit of the Red 
 Cross, the lunch amounting to $23.00. Henry 
 Drewes donated a dog which with donations brought 
 $28. 
 
 The apportionment in the National Red Cross 
 drive was $700.00 for our branch. There were ample 
 funds on hand, a canvass was not made but $800.00 
 was donated from the general fund. 
 
 A drive for membership was made just before 
 Christmas, 1918. Owing to the influenza sickness 
 the drive was not completed until some time later. 
 Two hundred and forty-four members joined in this 
 drive. 
 
 The sewing work was begun in February, 191S. 
 The branch took work every time a call was made. 
 The township was divided into districts and the fol- 
 lowing ladies were appointed captains: School Dis- 
 trict S4, Mrs. Herman Davey; District 63, Miss Maria 
 Drewes; District 22, Mrs. Wm. Schuelein and Mrs. 
 Jacob Tenhoff; District 26, Mrs. C. L. Blanchar. 
 Mrs. Wm. Schuelein was appointed assistant secre- 
 tary and took general charge of the work allotted 
 to the branch. This work required a great deal 
 of time and hard work, and special mention is made 
 of the capable and efficient manner in which she did 
 the work. 
 
 Mrs. Geo. Wohlhuter was given general super- 
 vision of the knitting. Her work as well as that 
 of all the captains was well done and deserve spe- 
 cial mention for the sacrifice they made. 
 
 The total amount of work done by the branch is as 
 follows: 
 
 188 sweaters, 36 pairs wristlets, 2 wash cloths, 103 
 towels, 63 pairs bed socks, 23 abdominal bandages, 
 19 H. W. B. covers, 5 ice bag covers, 96 bed shirts, 
 301 pairs socks, 4 trench caps, 1 muffler, 24 pairs 
 leggings, 93 Tri. bandages, 10 napkins, 2 bottle covers, 
 77 pajama suits, 97 boys' shirts. 
 
 Linen Shower. 
 
 Made 100 hand towels, 5 napkins. Furnished 75 
 yards sheeting, 50 bath towels, 60 handkerchiefs. 
 
 54 
 
Refugee Work. 
 
 10 chemises, 20 pair boys' drawers, SO undershirts, 
 70 army shirts more than lialf done. 
 
 During the influenza epidemic the branch gave aid 
 to the families of Mrs. John Rooney and David Mc- 
 Lellen. 
 
 At this time there is a balance on hand of $419.00. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 Approved: 
 H. I. Davey, 
 Chairman. 
 
 C. L. Blanchar, 
 Mrs. F. W. Klein, 
 Committee. 
 
 American Red Cross. 
 Waverly Branch History. 
 
 The Waverly Red Cross was formed February 31, 
 1918, by the Ladies' Aid of the Waverly church. 
 
 This Aid being interested in the Red Cross, agreed 
 to borrow money from their treasury for the pur- 
 pose of buying material in order to start, working 
 as an auxiliary branch of Fairmont. 
 
 The officers of the Ladies' Aid, who are persons 
 of prominence and public spirit, acted also as Red 
 Cross officers with the exception of the treasurer. 
 
 The first meeting was held March 7, 1918, at the 
 home of Mrs. Lars Christensen where the first ma- 
 terial was issued to interested workers, by the pres- 
 ident, Mrs. A. E. Man. 
 
 At this meeting it was voted that a public Red 
 Cross sale and dinner should be given March 16, 
 1918, at the Waverly church parlors for the purpose 
 of raising a sufficient fund to buy material for the 
 Red Cross. 
 
 This sale and dinner was a great success bringing 
 .$1,14.3 which was considered very good owin.g to 
 the bad roads and small crowd of people. All who 
 attended gave fine donations toward the dinner and 
 sale. 
 
 Immediately after dinner, a very iencouraging 
 speech was delivered by Rev. M. K. fiartman of St. 
 James, which proved to be a great aid in procuring 
 the large sum. 
 
 Mrs. A. E. Mau acted as chairman of the sale, 
 Gus Johnson and Harry Sheppard, auctioneers, A. E. 
 Man and Martin George, clerks, Knute Helvig and 
 John Leng, Sr., ticket sellers for dinner. 
 
 The names of persons, officers and time of holding 
 each office are as follows: 
 
 Chairman, Mrs. A. E. Mau, Mar. 7, 1918 to Dec. 
 18, 1918. 
 
 Vice Chairman, Mrs. Martin George, Mar. 7, 1918, 
 to Dec. 18, 1918. 
 
 Secretary, Mrs. Knute Helvig, Mar. 7, 1918, to 
 Dec. 18, 1918. 
 
 Treasurer. Martin George, Mar. 16, 1918, to Dec. 
 18, 1918. 
 
 This branch consisted of 265 members and 50 
 workers, who completed 123 pairs of socks, 35 
 sweaters, 9 pairs of wristlets, 6 scarfs, and 10 wash 
 cloths. 
 
 No material was handed out or bought after Sep- 
 tember 20, 1918, on account of influenza epidemic. 
 
 On December 18, 1918, a meeting was held at Wa- 
 verly church parlors to reorganize and the following 
 officers chosen: 
 
 Chairman. Mrs. A. E. Mau. 
 
 Vice Chairman, Mrs. Chris Christensen. 
 
 Secretar}-, Mrs. H. I. Oanes. 
 
 Treasurer, Mrs. Knute Helvig. 
 
 Those above mentioned are ladies of high stand- 
 ing whose deep sense of gratitude and patriotic de- 
 sire for democracy had a great deal to do with fur- 
 thering the cause of the Red Cross in this locality. 
 
 On account of the epidemic still ravaging the 
 country, the Red Cross workers were unable to per- 
 form much work. 
 
 The only work completed was work for the bene- 
 fit of the refugees. 
 
 The members took a very active part in the "Old 
 Clothes Drive" and the two Red Cross drives from 
 which $410.50 was received. 
 
 Before the organization of the branch several 
 large sums of money were raised and donated to 
 other branches for the benefit of the Red Cross by 
 the Waverly people. 
 
 Mrs. H. I. Oanes, Secretary. 
 Carrie Mau, 
 Mrs. Cecil Cole, 
 Eunice Oanes, 
 
 History Committee. 
 
 Mrs. Aug. E. Mau, Cliairman. 
 
 Clothing for Belgian Relief. 
 
 An important function carried out by the Red 
 Cross, additional to its regular objects, was the col- 
 lection and forwarding to the Commission for Relief 
 in Belgium of a great quantity of clothing. 
 
 For this special work Mrs. Alfred Home of Fair- 
 mont was appointed chairman. She made a notable 
 success of the undertaking, the shipment from Mar- 
 tin county being one of the largest in the state. 
 She was most ably assisted by Red Cross workers 
 not only of the Fairmont Brancli but at several 
 points throughout the county. Cedar, Sherburn, 
 Granada and Triumph-Monterey branches made large 
 contributions. Boy Scouts gave much valuable as- 
 sistance in collecting the clothing. 
 
 The garments and other articles collected were all 
 thoroughly renovated and repaired and when shipped 
 were carefully assorted, being ready for immediate 
 distribution and use upon arrival in Belgium. This 
 required an enormous amount of work, all of which 
 was willingly contributed by the Red Cross workers. 
 A great many of the articles were bran new, being 
 contributions from merchants and others. 
 
 The county's shipment of thirty large boxes left 
 Fairmont October 3, 1918. They went direct to 
 Newark, N. J., where they became a part of the 
 cargo of a relief ship that brought its supplies to the 
 destitute of Belgium in time for use during the win- 
 ter of 1918-19. 
 
 The shipment included great numbers of infants' 
 clothing, warm winter coats for men, women and 
 children, dresses, underclothing, suits of men's and 
 boys' clothing, quilts, shawls, sweaters, shoes, mit- 
 tens, in fact every conceivable article of wearin.g ap- 
 parel. , 
 
 55 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Welfare Work 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association and 
 Knights of Columbus. 
 These two great welfare organizations, whose 
 work was so familiar to the service men, not only 
 in the home camps, embarkation points and in tran- 
 sit, but extending almost or quite to the front line 
 trenches, were early recognized and given liberal 
 support in Martin county. 
 
 County Chairman of Y 
 Couiity. 
 
 DE l-'OKK]iST WARD 
 
 M. C. A. Life long resident of Martin 
 
 In November, I'JIT, the county was asked for 
 $9,300 in cash for Y. M. C. A. war purposes. Organ- 
 ization for a systematic drive was at once be.gun. 
 DeForrest Ward was named as county chairman and 
 gave unstintingly of his time and effort in the work. 
 He had as his assistants on the county executive 
 committee, J. F. Haeckel, Secretary, A. R. Fancher, 
 G. H. Luedtke. D. S. Wade, E. H. Fitz. Frank A. 
 Day, Alex. Grant, H. E. Wolfe, and O. F. Meyer. 
 
 One of the first steps was a county-wide meeting 
 in whicli all details of the drive for funds was deter- 
 mined upon and the organization extended to every 
 community. This meeting was lield Nov. 13, 1917. 
 A chairman was named for each precinct and em- 
 powered to select his own committee and solicitors. 
 Volunteers everywhere soon supplied the required 
 personnel. Results were so promising and enthu- 
 siasm so great at this meeting that it was deter- 
 mined to do more than was asked of the county. 
 The chairmen and committees were again summoned 
 to meet on the 20th. Hundreds of ardent friends 
 of the drive also attended and it was decided that 
 the mark for the county should be raised to $15,000. 
 Half of this amount was subscribed at the meeting. 
 
 Each subdivision of the county was asked to con- 
 trilnite a certain sum. Fairmont's quota was the 
 highest, $3,350. Sherburn, the second largest com- 
 munity, was pledged for $800 and each of the other 
 villages and townships sums varying from $350 to 
 $500. 
 
 In connection with the drive meetings were held in 
 almost every neighborhood and school district. Then 
 
 the solicitors went out. In no other drive was the 
 response more generous. Fathers, mothers and 
 friends of the men in service or to be called, fully 
 appreciated the work the Y. M. C. .■\. proposed to 
 do with the money they were asked to give and re- 
 sponded witJi liberality. Instead of the $9,200 which 
 the county was asked to raise nearly $19,000 was 
 collected and forwarded. 
 
 JOH.X M. WOLF 
 
 Born at St. Cloud, Minn., 
 
 County Chairman Knight of Columbus 
 Nov. 21, 1 886. 
 
 Tlie Kniglits of Columbus, so conspicuous in war 
 welfare work, took up the matter of raising a sub- 
 stantia! fund in this county in January, 1918. The 
 personnel of the order was sinall and the percent- 
 age of population whose religious belief especially 
 interested them in this or.ganization was low. It 
 was found, however, that non-Catholics as well as 
 Catholics stood ready to loosen their purse strings 
 for the splendid war work of "Casey." 
 
 The drive for K. C. funds was fostered and or.gan- 
 ized by the only lodge of the order in the county, 
 which was located at Fairmont. John M. Wolf was 
 the official county head of the Knights and with 
 carefully chosen assistants he staged a drive for 
 $6,000. The amount was quickly and quietly raised. 
 
 As the war progressed it was seen that the work 
 of the various welfare organizations in the camps 
 and with the troops was best carried on if properly 
 co-ordinated. The war department had officially 
 recognized several societies and relied on them as 
 important agents in maintaining the morale of the 
 men. They were also under military control though 
 practically free to operate, each under its own defi- 
 nite plan. These organizations were the Young 
 Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Chris- 
 tian Association, Knights of Columbus, Jewish Wel- 
 fare Board, War Camp Community Service, Amer- 
 ican Library Association and Salvation Army. All 
 of these had been supported by popular donations 
 early in the war. 
 
 Systematic giving was one of the .great lessons of 
 the war. Therefore when vast additional funds were 
 
 56 
 
needed for welfare work a plan was evolved and ap- 
 proved by the government under which donations 
 for welfare work would be collected in a single 
 drive, the funds arising therefrom to be distributed 
 pro rata among the seven recognized welfare agen- 
 cies. This United Welfare Drive was one of the 
 last efforts of the war period. 
 
 A definite system of allotments and assessments 
 assigned to each state, county, city, township and in- 
 dividual the amount expected to be given. Martin 
 county's quota was $.54,000. 
 
 The drive, originally scheduled for October, ]01S, 
 did not get under way until mid-Xovember. The 
 county Avas paralyzed by the great influenza epi- 
 demic which for several weeks tied up all activities, 
 even preventing the departure of troop increments 
 under the draft. On Nov. 8 the first steps for the 
 forthcoming drive were taken by DeForrest Ward, 
 county chairman of United War Work. By coin- 
 cidence Nov. 11 was set as the day on which the 
 drive would begin. On tliat day came the armistice 
 and the people forgot all else but victory celebra- 
 tions, which continued several days. It was diffi- 
 cult to overcome the reaction that came with the 
 cessation of hostilities. Tlie people instinctively 
 felt that the war was over and little realized that 
 many months must elapse before the more than four 
 million men tlien in the field could be returned to 
 their homes. 
 
 Chairman Ward and other leaders fell ill with the 
 prevailing epidemic and it was late in November be- 
 fore the drive got well under way. It was some 
 
 weeks later before the announcement was given out 
 that Martin county's quota had been raised. Most 
 of tlie precincts exceeded their allotments. 
 
 In addition to providing funds for war welfare 
 work the county sent into the field four Y. M. C. A. 
 secretaries, H. E. Wolfe, C. J. Timms, Ralph Rich- 
 ardson and Geo. H. Potter. 
 
 ■VToung Women's Christian Association. 
 
 Martin county did all and more than was asked 
 or required of it in supporting the work of the Y. 
 W. C. A., which was carried on ^50 extensively in 
 connection with the numerous camps and canton- 
 ments where naturally many women visitors were 
 found. The maintaining of hostess houses where 
 such visitors could be properly accommodated was 
 a major function of this organization. 
 
 In December, 11)17, Mrs. J. E. Haycraft of Fair- 
 mont was designated county chairman of the Y. W. 
 C. A. She named as her assistants the following: 
 Rev. Geo. Williams, Ceylon; Rev. Westhaver, Wel- 
 come; Mrs. G. M. Seaburg, Truman; Mrs. R. W. 
 Nelson, East Chain; Mrs. B. A. Burton, Granada; 
 Airs. J. H. Sprague, Northrop. 
 
 The county was asked to raise $500 in a drive in 
 December, 1917. Previous to the drive Mrs. Peter 
 Oleson of Cloquet, Minn., conducted a county mass 
 meeting to explain and organize tlie work. So suc- 
 cessful was this drive that final tabulation showed 
 more than double the amount asked had been cheer- 
 fully donated. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 America First Association 
 
 The America First Association was a war activity 
 peculiar to the state of Minnesota and recognized 
 by the State Public Safety Commission as a part of 
 the War Board machinery of the several counties. 
 Its primary object was to take up the work of 
 Americanization, which the war taught us was a na- 
 tional essential, never before adequately recognized. 
 A secondary aim was to infuse into all of the war 
 measures a spirit of patriotic service and to teach, 
 preach and practice loyalty and 100 per cent Amer- 
 icanism in every possible way. 
 
 The initial ".America First" move was in the na- 
 ture of a great county gathering at the county 
 seat on Nov. 10, 1917. Every nook and corner of 
 the county was represented, nearly 1,000 splendid 
 Americans, many of them of European birth, being 
 present. The speaker was Hon. Frank M. Nye, 
 former Congressman, of Minneapolis. The address 
 was one of the best oratorical efforts of the war by 
 one of the state's most distinguislied speakers and 
 stirred the assemblage to a splendid pitch of i>atri- 
 otism. 
 
 Delegates were chosen to attend a great state- 
 wide meeting of similar character at Alinneapolis and 
 St. Paul on Nov. 16th and 17th. Seventy dele.gates, 
 accompanied by the Sherburn band, attended the 
 state meeting. Every precinct in the county was rep- 
 resented. 1:2,000 loyal Minnesotans, coming from 
 every county, attended this great patriotic gathering. 
 Inspiring addresses were made by Otto H. Kahn, 
 born in Germany and head of one of the greatest 
 financial houses of New York City; T. P. O'Coi.ner, 
 famous Irish nationalist, statesman and writer; and 
 several others of national and international fame. 
 Martin county's delegation returned with greater 
 
 zeal for Americanization work at home. Further en- 
 thusiasm was created on Nov. :2.ith when Gov. Burn- 
 quist and Judge C. B. Elliott addressed another mon- 
 ster loyalty meeting in Fairmont at which the Gov- 
 ernor declared that "Citizens of foreign birth should 
 
 JULIU.S i:. HAYCR.M'T 
 Chairman America First and Four Minute Speaker. liorn Blue 
 Earth County, Minn., Aug. 2b, iS-i. 
 
 57 
 
support the United States or lose their citizenship 
 and the property they have acquired here." 
 
 Active steps toward the organization of the Mar- 
 tin County America First Association were first 
 taken on Dec. 3, 1917, when Hon. J. E. Haycraft, 
 who had been designated county chairman, issued a 
 call for a county conference two days later and with- 
 in the week meetings had been held in every town- 
 ship and village. On the 8th a country-wide mem- 
 bership drive was announced to take place Dec. 13 
 to 21. Previous to those dates a flying squadron of 
 twenty public speakers conducted a series of public 
 meetings throughout the county. The speakers in- 
 cluded Marion L. Burton, President of the Univer- 
 sity of Minnesota; Capt. Henry R. Sanborn, returned 
 Canadian war hero; Senator H. A. Benson of St. 
 Peter; Senator C. W. Gillam, of Windom; Senator 
 John. Moonan of Waseca; Henry C. Carlson, Albert 
 Lea; local speakers were Alfred Torngren. J. E. Hay- 
 craft, G. A. Sutherland, Frank A. Day, Leo J. Sei- 
 fert, Albert R. Allen. E. H. Nicholas, Judge E. C. 
 Dean, H. E. Wolfe, P. C. Cooper, J. W. Lovell, A. 
 E. Fillmore, DeForrest Ward and Harry Sheppard. 
 Everywhere the meetings were largely attended and 
 memberships rolled in. As a result of the drive the 
 America First Association enrolled more than 2.500 
 members in Martin county. The campaign closed 
 with a wonderful gathering at the county seat, ad- 
 dressed by Pres. ^Marion L. Burton of the state uni- 
 versity. Press comment credits this address with 
 having been the greatest delivered in the county 
 during the war period. 
 
 During the winter the Association was active and 
 added substantially to its membership. Everywhere 
 the "America First" lapel button was seen, worn by 
 men who stood four square and undivided in their 
 loyalty. In the spring and summer of 1918 many 
 distinguished speakers addressed great, patriotic 
 gatherings. At a meeting held in Fairmont on 
 April 9th, addressed by Senator F. E. Putnam of 
 Blue Earth, Rev. M. K. Hartman of St. James. Coun- 
 ty Attorney E. H. Nicholas of Jackson and County 
 .\ttorney Albert R. Allen of Fairmont, resolutions 
 were passed calling upon the governor to call the 
 legislature in special session to enact laws confiscat- 
 ing lands and other property and denying the rights 
 and protection of citizenship to people working 
 against the United States or divided in their loyalty. 
 The resolutions adopted at this meeting clearly set 
 forth the character of the w^ork and aims of Amer- 
 ica First in supporting the war. They are as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 ■■WE, THE CITIZENS OF MARTIN COUNTY, 
 MINNESOA, in mass convention assembled this 
 9th day of April, 1918, to consider our duties to the 
 country, deliberately recite and declare: 
 
 "That the winning of this war for liberty and de- 
 mocracy requires the entire strength of the prop- 
 erty-power and man-power of America; 
 
 "That through espionage and unlawful propaganda 
 the German tyrant has inaugurated, and is carry- 
 ing on in America a gigantic campaign for the de- 
 ception and corruption of our citizens, the success 
 of Pan-Germanism, and the enslavement of the 
 world; 
 
 ■■That in this exigency America only has that for- 
 tunate combination of abundant material resources 
 and patriotic citizenship to successfully meet and 
 overpower the despot of Central Europe — the would- 
 be tyrant of the world; 
 
 "That the German tyrant's only hope of success lies 
 in the deception and division of America, by the 
 metliods and in the manner of his betrayal of Russia 
 and his destruction of her military eflfectiveness; 
 
 ■■That America, as well as Russia, has her ultra so- 
 cialists; they are as active, as ambitious, and as will- 
 ing to profit by furthering the plans, teachings and 
 purposes of the tyrant as the bolsheviki of Russia, 
 
 and they hope to rule with liim over America dis- 
 graced, and a world ruined; 
 
 "That the greatest injury the German tyrant can 
 do in 1918, cannot be done by his armies of armed 
 men in Europe; but onl^- by his unarmed armies of 
 spies, and our unworthy army of traitors, now la- 
 boring to honeycomb America with sedition and 
 treason; 
 
 ■■That the military compaigns of the kaiser have 
 been bloody but fruitless; but by intrigue and es- 
 pionage he has conquered and disarmed government 
 after government, including several great world-pow- 
 ers. To conquer America, the tyrant depends upon 
 his army of spies, and our army of dupes and crim- 
 inals co-operating with them in every .\merican com- 
 munitj' for the triumph of Germany's insane Kaiser. 
 Should he and they succeed, our country will be 
 devastated, or homes destroyed, our bodies mutilated, 
 our loved ones violated, and once-free America so 
 dominated, that such of her hitherto unconquerable 
 sons as live to then walk the streets, will be required 
 to salute a foreign officer at every corner; 
 
 "Under these circumstances the subjugation of 
 traitors at home, is of even greater immediate im- 
 portance than overthrowing tyrants abroad. It is 
 unjust, illogical, and a crime again-.t a world threat- 
 ened with worse than annihilati n for .America to 
 still protect the lives and spare the properties of 
 the worst and the most dangerous of our enemies — 
 the traitors within our gates; 
 
 "That fines for disloyalty and treason are as vain 
 as rosewater for leprosy and court plasters for can- 
 cers; 
 
 "That the necessities of Germany compel her to 
 repeat and persist in the vain assaults of the battle 
 now raging in western Europe. The necessities of 
 America and her allies are to speed and redouble 
 everv preparation for immediate and continuous 
 battle. IT IS URGENTLY NECESSARY THAT 
 LAWS BE IMMEDIATELY ENACTED AND 
 FEARLESSLY ENFORCED FOR THE CON- 
 FISCATION OF THE PROPERTY OF DIS- 
 LOYAL PERSONS IN OUR MIDST. THE PRO- 
 CEEDS FROM WHICH SHOULD CONSTITUTE 
 A WAR FUND IN EACH COUNTY FOR THE 
 SUPPORT OF OUR GOVERNMENT AND HER 
 ARiMIES, AND THE RELIEF OF THE SUF- 
 FERING INCIDENT TO WAR; 
 
 "IT IS THEREFORE RESOLVED, That J. A. A. 
 Burnquist, Governor of Minnesota, be. and is hereby 
 requested to forthwith convene the le.gislature of this 
 state in extraordinary session; and to recommend to 
 it by special message, the immediate enactment of 
 laws for the confiscation of the propert}' of all dis- 
 loyal persons whomsoever found within the confines 
 of this state, the proceeds to be put into a War Fund, 
 to be used in strengthening the hands and credit of 
 our country in prosecuting this war for the liberties 
 of the world." 
 
 During the period of hostilities America First kept 
 up a consistent speaking campaign for .Americaniza- 
 tion. Many distinguished men were brought to the 
 county by the Association. F. Osten-Sacken, for- 
 mer German nobleman, was one of these. This 
 speaker voiced the most terrific e.xcoriation of Kai- 
 serism heard from any public platform in the county. 
 
 Many members of the Martin County .Association 
 were themselves talented speakers and served as 
 such wherever called in the state. Wlienever men 
 were wanted for any loyalty work, to act as solic- 
 itors in drives for funds, to curb disloyalty, to do 
 any or all of the many things the war situation re- 
 quired as a patriotic service, it was only necessary 
 to turn to the membership roster of America First 
 and select whatever men were necessary. The .Asso- 
 ciation placed in service more than 2,000 splendidly 
 .American citizens of the county. Recognized by the 
 Public Safety Commission the officers of .America 
 First were made members of the County Safety .As- 
 
 58 
 
sociation and the various precinct chairmen members 
 of the War Board. 
 
 It is not contemplated that the work of America 
 First shall terminate with the war period. Its work 
 is as necessary and valuable in peace as in war and 
 may well continue until that Utopian day when 
 America shall be no longer, as President Roosevelt 
 said, "a polyglot boarding house," but in real fact 
 a united nation with one flag and one language su- 
 preme for all. 
 
 America First performed a distinctive and direct 
 service for the men under arms by purchasing and 
 distributing what were known as "Smileage Books." 
 These were little books of coupons, costing one 
 dollar each, the coupon tickets admitting the bearer 
 to places of entertainment maintained as "Liberty 
 Theaters" or under other names in the various 
 camps. Martin county America First bought and 
 distributed hundreds of these books to Martin 
 county soldiers in scores of camps. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Food Conservation and Production 
 
 Martin County Food Administration. 
 
 No condition came closer home to all the people 
 during the war period than the food administration. 
 Every home and every individual was effected. 
 Though there was in the United States abundance 
 of food to supply our own army and civil popula- 
 tion the country fully appreciated its obligation to 
 share with the less fortunate people of our allied 
 countries where production had been greatly reduced 
 by years of war. It was also realized tliat through 
 the withdrawal of millions of our own productive 
 workers in the military and naval service and war 
 industries production of food in tlie United States, 
 especially in the event of a prolonged war, would 
 be much diminished. 
 
 The splendid support given the war and the gov- 
 ernment by the people of the Unted States was not 
 more decisively shown in any other way than in 
 the almost universally cheerful and willing compli- 
 ance that followed the several drastic requests and 
 orders regulating the food supply. 
 
 C. J. Timms, county superintendent of schools, 
 was in charge of food administration in Martin coun- 
 ty from early in 1917 until he entered service as a 
 Y. M. C. A. secretary in June, 1918. He was then 
 succeeded by Rev. S. H. McCarthy, pastor of the 
 Congregational church in Fairmont. Mr. McCarthy 
 resigned on account of entering war work as a 
 morale officer at an army cantonment and on Aug. 
 17, 1918, Arza R. Fancher, judge of probate, be- 
 came administrator, and acted as such until the end 
 of the war. 
 
 The first endeavors at food conservation, in the 
 early months of the war, were in the nature of edu- 
 cational propaganda carried on through newspaper 
 articles, the public schools, women's organizations 
 and similar agencies. In October, 1917, the work 
 took on more definite form. Mr. Timms, and his 
 assistant, H. E. Wolfe, superintendent of the Fair- 
 mont schools, attended a state-wide conference at 
 St. Paul, at which uniform procedure throughout the 
 state was determined upon. Regulations at that 
 time consisted of governmental requests, rather than 
 definite orders, which followed soon after. The 
 campaign was directed toward the conservation of 
 four great food essentials, wheat flour, meat, fats, 
 and sugar. Cafes and restaurants were asked to re- 
 strict their menus and in those places as well as in 
 the homes "meatless Tuesday" and "wheatless 
 Wednesday" were observed beginning in October, 
 1917, the restrictions of diet and the employment of 
 substitute dishes becoming more drastic as time 
 passed. 
 
 In November, 1917, a general campaign was under- 
 taken using the public schools as the principal me- 
 dium of educating the people to the necessity of the 
 movement. The 200 school teachers of the county 
 
 gave splendid service in this connection. There was 
 in fact instant co-operation and compliance by near- 
 ly all. As an earnest of their readiness to assist, the 
 Catholic women of this and surrounding counties 
 were assembled at the county seat in a great meet- 
 ing on Nov. 25th. Able speakers, including the head 
 of the diocese. Bishop Heffron, Father E. J. O'Con- 
 nell and others, delivered addresses. iMinisters of all 
 churches devoted services to the movement and 
 newspapers gave much space to promulgation of the 
 doctrine that "food will win the war." 
 
 In a county-wide drive during the week of Nov. 
 12, 1917, food pledges were distributed in every 
 home, usually tlirough the efforts of women work- 
 ers, signed up as cheerful performance of a national 
 duty, and generally conscientiously lived up to. 
 Every home that had signed a food pledge displayed 
 a window card bearing testimony that they were in 
 the food saving campaign. The ofticial pledge was 
 as follows: 
 
 "I am glad to join in the service of food conserv- 
 ation and I hereby accept membership in the United 
 States Food Administration, pledging myself to carry 
 out the suggestions and advice of the Food .\dmin- 
 istration in my home as far as my circumstances 
 will permit." 
 
 ARZA K. FANCHER 
 
 Martin County Food Administrator. Judge of Probate and 
 life long resident of IVIartin County. 
 
 59 
 
Menus and recipes showing the proper preparation 
 of appetizing dishes without the use of the ingre- 
 dients it was especially desired to conserve were pub- 
 lished and distributed and generally used. 
 
 In December, 1917, regulations, arbitrary in char- 
 acter, were promulgated, restricting still further the 
 use of flour and sugar. Retailers were limited in 
 their sales to not exceed one-fourth of a barrel of 
 flour and ten pounds of sugar to each customer at 
 reasonable periods. Profits were also limited. A 
 couple of months later sugar was still further lim- 
 ited to three pounds per person per month and flour 
 could only be purchased in connection with an es- 
 tablished amount of substitutes, such as barley flour, 
 rice and other cereals. 
 
 Retail dealers co-operated splendidly in enforcing 
 food regulations and making every effort to prevent 
 hoarding by unscrupulous and selfish individuals. 
 Dealers, after hearing a special address on the sub- 
 ject, formed an association including every town in 
 the county. A "fair price list" for staple foods was 
 published weekly, the members of the dealers' as- 
 sociation conforming thereto. This list showed the 
 cost to the dealer as well as the price at which the 
 merchandise was sold to the consumer. 
 
 P.AUL .\. JOH.NSD.V 
 
 Agricultural Agent Martin County. Rendered most important 
 work in Food Production and Conservation. 
 
 Speakers, many of them men and women of great 
 prominence, were brought to the county to speak on 
 this subject at various centers. A very notable ad- 
 dress was that of Edward F. Trefz, who was returned 
 from France and able to give at first hand reliable 
 accounts of the very great need for supplying our 
 allies with food if they were to hold on until America 
 was ready to give the final "punch" that would win 
 the war. 
 
 The necessity of furthering the productivity of 
 Martin county farms was at once discerned. In Jan- 
 uary, 1918, the county commissioners, acting in con- 
 formity to the expressed wishes of a great number 
 of the best and most pro.gressive farmers, employed 
 a county agent, Paul Johnson, whose entire time 
 was given to the agricultural interests. A general 
 scheme of crop production for 1918 was devised and 
 placed in the hands of the farmers. Wheat growing, 
 which was almost abandoned, was resumed in the 
 county for the crop season of 1918. There being 
 little locally grown seed available several of the 
 
 banks procured and distributed the necessary seed. 
 Nearly all farmers complied with the request of the 
 administration to raise some wheat, though doing so 
 involved a direct loss, as Martin county land pro- 
 duces other crops much more successfully than it 
 does \vheat. The result was a very considerable pro- 
 duction of the vital war crop. 
 
 It was seen in the fall of 1917 that corn was a 
 crop second in importance only to wheat. Corn was 
 the principal field crop grown in Martin county. 
 There was doubt of the quality of the seed corn 
 produced in 1917 and the importance of the suc- 
 ceeding crop was very great. Therefore, through 
 the county agent's office and farm bureau, a move- 
 ment was carried on under which each farmer gath- 
 ered and stored a supply of corn for seed at least 
 100 per cent in excess of his own needs. The fol- 
 lowing spring this seed was carefully tested. Some 
 of it failed to germinate but the seed of good qual- 
 ity w-as distributed so that every farmer had an ample 
 supply and the result was the largest corn crop in 
 1918 ever raised in the county. 
 
 Help on the farms was another element of great 
 import if the crops were to be successfully grown 
 and gathered. Hundreds of the county's most val- 
 uable farm laborers were in the army in 1918. leav- 
 ing a serious shortage of help. This shortage was 
 met, in the main by the men and women remaining on 
 the farms working longer hours, the addition of 
 more labor saving machinery and the diversion to 
 the farms of every possible toiler. Many farmers 
 who had retired and moved to town again took up 
 active work in crop production. The "work or 
 fight" order resulted in many idlers going into pro- 
 ductive labor. Business men and town people .gen- 
 erally co-operated to the extent, in many cases, of 
 themselves acting as voluntary farm helpers. A spe- 
 cial committee on farm help was appointed by the 
 War Board. This committee consisted of Paul John- 
 son, the county agent, C. E. Jones, chairman of the 
 War Board, and Major E. W. Bird. This committee, 
 with many assistants, did .good work in procuring 
 and distributing farm help. During the harvest sea- 
 son of 1918 hundreds of city and village men, boys, 
 women and girls went into the grain fields as vol- 
 unteer laborers, particularly evenings after regular 
 business hours. The war-time system of "daylight 
 saving" left nearly four hours of daylight after the 
 closing of stores and offices. Crews of town people 
 went out during that part of the day and assisted 
 in shocking and stacking grain. The arrangement 
 usually was that the farmer paid a certain price for 
 this work, the money being turned in to Red Cross 
 funds. 
 
 In the early months of 1918 a campaign was car- 
 ried on among the school children, wherein pledge 
 cards were signed agreeing to abstain from eating 
 candy, white bread and pork during the war. The 
 young people co-operated extensively in this work, 
 whicii was handled chiefly through the school teach- 
 ers. 
 
 Much attention was given the subject of food con- 
 servation in the work of the various farm clubs 
 which existed in many neighborhoods. At their 
 regular meetings food problems were discussed and 
 methods of conservation decided upon. 
 
 The Food Administration, like all other war ac- 
 tivities, had splendid co-operation in this county. 
 Complaints of lioarding or other unfair practices 
 were few in number and unimportant in character. 
 Through the daily restrictions placed upon their diet 
 the people constantly appreciated the reality of the 
 war situation and the very self-denial they exercised 
 in this way contributed to their zeal for success and 
 victory. 
 
 Despite war conditions the year 1918 established 
 a record in the production of wheat, barley, oats, 
 corn and pork in Martin county. 
 
 60 
 
Fuel Administration. 
 
 In common with the country at large Martin coun- 
 ty was "rationed" on fuel durin.af the war period. 
 
 Administration of federal and state fuel re.eula- 
 tions was in cliarge of Alex Grant, county adminis- 
 trator. He Jiad as his assistants G. A. Sutherland 
 
 ALKX GRANT 
 Martin County Food .'\dministrator 
 
 of Fairmont. Charles Grill of Sherhurn and John 
 Gerher of Welcome. The latter moved away and 
 was succeeded by Jos. Schwartz. 
 
 Much economy of fuel was made possible in Mar- 
 tin county by substituting wood for coal, espe- 
 cially in tlie rural homes. Martin county had a great 
 deal of timber in its many artificial groves, which 
 are found on almost every farm. On the sug.gestion 
 of the fuel administrator many trees were cut into 
 
 firewood. To some extent home grown wood fuel 
 was also used in the towns and villages. 
 
 Due to wise and careful distribution there was no 
 suffering in the county due to fuel shortage. Dealers 
 co-operated closcl}' and while supplies were often 
 perilously close to exhaustion coal was so distributed 
 that no one was seriously disturbed. Under the 
 close regulations established hoarding was impossi- 
 ble. Soft coal was substituted for hard to a con- 
 siderable extent, the supply of the latter being very 
 limited and was sparingly used. 
 
 An order of the Safety Association requiring early 
 closing of pool and dance halls saved many tons. 
 In Fairmont electric street lighting was reduced to 
 enable the city power plant to operate with a min- 
 imum fuel consumption. 
 
 Beginning in January, liilS, "heatless Monday" 
 was generally observed, especially in stores and 
 places of business. Business was not seriously dis- 
 turbed as the people adjusted their shopping needs 
 accordingly. 
 
 War Industries. 
 
 But one of the industrial plants of Martin county, 
 which w^ere few in number, was commandeered by 
 the government for the production of war material. 
 That was the plant of the Fairmont Gas Engine & 
 Railway Motor Car Co. at Fairmont. 
 
 This concern's principal output was a type of 
 gasoline engine particularly adapted to propelling 
 hand cars. In September, 19 17, the president of the 
 company, Frank E. Wade, was summoned to Wash- 
 ington and after conference with ofticials tliere, 
 awarded the contract for building 415 motor cars for 
 use on the narrow gauge trench railways in France, 
 that were used for bringing supplies to the front 
 lines where the standard railways could not operate. 
 
 The factory at Fairmont was adapted to the new 
 type of production and rapid delivery of the equip- 
 ment desired was accomplished. The factory from 
 time to time received further war orders and was 
 kept busy on government production until the Armis- 
 tice. 
 
 A considerable numlier of artisans from tlie county 
 worked in various cities during the war at ship buihl- 
 ing, munitions making and kindred activities. 
 
 61 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 The Return of Peace 
 
 The Armistice. 
 
 As early as Nov. 8, 1918, the day after premature 
 news of an armistice was telegraphed throughout 
 the country, to be proven false a few hours later, 
 the_ first steps were taken by the America First as- 
 sociation to properly celebrate the great event when 
 authentic news of peace should come. Though the 
 government had given out but meager details of the 
 military situation at that time enough had filtered 
 through to assure the public that the end of the war 
 was but a matter of days. 
 
 The premature announcement of the armistice on 
 the 7th was wired to a Fairmont newspaper. The 
 dispatch, which was dated at Paris, said: 
 
 "The greatest war of all time came to an end at 
 2 p. m. today. The Allies and Germans signed an 
 armistice three hours earlier on the field of battle. 
 The German delegation came to the Allied lines 
 under a white flag. Just before the armistice was 
 signed the Americans captured Sedan." 
 
 In a few moments the entire county seemed to 
 have learned of the sensational report and assem- 
 blages began to congregate everywhere to celebrate 
 the great event. The wildest excitement reigned for 
 a short time. Then it was learned that the report 
 was a hoa.x. The fighting continued four days longer 
 with the loss of many additional precious American 
 lives. 
 
 However, so certain was the conviction that peace 
 was at hand, that in Fairmont on Nov. 8th commit- 
 tees were appointed for the great victory celebra- 
 tion which all knew by intuition could not be long 
 deferred. The committees were composed of the 
 leadmg loyalty workers of the war and assigned du- 
 ties under the headings of parade, finance, publicity, 
 decorations, bonfires, wliistles and church bells, mu- 
 sic and torches. Everything was set and ready when 
 the big news should be flashed over the wires. 
 
 It was early in the morning of Monday, Nov. 11, 
 1918, that the official and unquestioned announce- 
 ment that the armistice was actually signed was re- 
 ceived at the county seat from the Associated Press. 
 This time the report was unquestioned. While the 
 actual signing was 11 A. M. the difference in time 
 between Paris and Washington explains the earlier 
 hour at which tlie great tidings were known to the 
 people of Martin County. The terms of the armis- 
 tice were published in the daily press of the county 
 in full on the day of signing. 
 
 At 8 A. M. every bell rang and every whistle blew 
 in Fairmont. Business was forgotten. Men, wom- 
 en and children gave tliemselves over unreservedly 
 to wild rejoicing. An impromptu parade wore it- 
 self to exhaustion traversing the streets with shouts 
 and song. This demonstration was the informal 
 outburst tliat overwhelmed every one as soon as the 
 news reached them. There was no attempt or sem- 
 blance of formality. The mad scene is well vis- 
 ualized in the newspaper account published in the 
 evening newspaper published at the county seat on 
 that date. This sententious account was written 
 piecemeal at odd moments during the day by the 
 county's veteran editor, the father of two sons at 
 that moment in France and to whom the armistice 
 meant release from the hell of battle. It follows: 
 
 "It was the greatest day in Fairmont's history! 
 
 "It was the greatest day in the history of the 
 county! 
 
 "It was the greatest day in the history of the 
 world! 
 
 "Old Fairmont went wild. 
 
 "The lid was ofif. 
 
 "Hell was to pay and no pitch hot. 
 
 "The whistles and bells started promptly at eight 
 o'clock. 
 
 "Crowds appeared in the streets as though shot 
 out of cannon. 
 
 "People began to holler, autos shrieked with elec- 
 tric enthusiasm, 
 
 "All of a sudden a bunch of biythesome girls, 
 carrying flags, appeared and started marching down 
 North Avenue. 
 
 "Who wouldn't follow such a lead? 
 
 "Men, women and children of all ages and condi- 
 tions appeared as if by magic. 
 
 "Everything conceivable that would make a noise 
 was brought into use. 
 
 "Red-blooded Americanism was in its glory. 
 
 "The fire company got out the old grays, loaded 
 the city alarm bell on a truck and fairly melted the 
 clapper. 
 
 "Autos dra.gging cans, tubs, boilers and various 
 utensils got into the game carrying flags and ban- 
 ners. 
 
 "At street intersections the crowd, led by the 
 band, would stop and sing patriotic airs. 
 
 "The old Kaiser was carried in effigy in a plain 
 box and the madding throng spat on the remains. 
 
 "The great throng marched and counter marched 
 for three hours when they gathered at First Street 
 and North Avenue and in mighty chorus sang 'Star 
 Spangled Banner.' 
 
 "Then they stopped from sheer exhaustion. 
 
 "As a spontaneous exhibition of enthusiasm it 
 was a Iiowling patriotic success." 
 
 Following the morning demonstration the day was 
 given over to preparation for the evening events. 
 People by thousands arrived hourly from every part 
 of the county. There was little abatement of the 
 wild joy that marked the morning outburst. The 
 pre-appointed committees hastily arranged for the 
 evening's procedure. 
 
 At 7 o'clock in the evening the formal demon- 
 stration began in impressive manner. Assembly was 
 on the spacious court house grounds. For the first 
 moment of the noisy day silence prevailed. With 
 bowed heads the multitude joined in impressive 
 prayers of thanksgiving. 
 
 The events of the evening were staged at the 
 grounds of the agricultural society. Everybody 
 joined the monster parade which before proceeding 
 to the fair grounds marched through the principal 
 streets of the city. At the head rode Major W. R. 
 Boyce of the National Guard and Major W. S. 
 Carver of the Motor Corps, each with their staffs. 
 So far as order could be maintained in the wild 
 enthusiasm which prevailed, the forces lined up as 
 follows behind them: Colors and color guard. Grand 
 Army of the Republic, mothers and wives of sol- 
 diers', torches and transparencies, bands. Camp Fire 
 girls. Home Guard company. Motor Corps battalion, 
 interspersed with transparencies, Fairmont fire com- 
 pany, citizens in autos and on foot. 
 ■ Three hundred kerosene torches, relics of the 
 presidential campaigns of the 80's, were procured and 
 lent their glare to the general jollification. Shouts, 
 cheers, band music, auto horns and noises of every 
 description created bedlam as the column moved. 
 Illuminated transparencies in great numbers were 
 carried by the marchers. Some of the legends they 
 carried were: 
 
 "Freedom for All Forever." 
 
 "Keep the Home Huns Squirming." 
 
 "America, the World Liberator." 
 
 "We Love Peace With All Our Might, 
 
 62 
 
Yet We're Not Too Proud to Fight." 
 
 "Without the Red Cross it Could Not Have Been 
 Done." 
 
 "Kaiser Bill Started it But Uncle Sam Finished 
 It." 
 
 "There's Glory Enough for All." 
 
 "Deutschland Uber AUes? Nein: Allies Uber 
 Deutschland." 
 
 "Not in Vain the Sacrifice of Our Immortal Sis- 
 ter. Edith Cavell." 
 
 "Peace, but Not Pacifism." 
 
 "Who Said It Couldn't Be Done?" 
 
 "Your Dollars Helped." 
 
 "America Asks Universal Liberty." 
 
 "The Beasts Are Beaten." 
 
 "To Hell With the Huns." 
 
 "Remember the Huns at Home." 
 
 "Do Home Huns Still Choose Germany?" 
 
 "We Are Proud That Our Boys Helped." 
 
 "At Last, Germany Will Get Justice." 
 
 "We Want tlie Murderers of Editli Cavell." 
 
 "Kaiser Bill Got no 'Nonsense' from Us." 
 
 "Notice of Dissolution: The Firm of 'Me Und 
 Gott' is Dissolved." 
 
 "America Has Done Much: Our Heroic Allies 
 Have Done a Hundred Times More." 
 
 "America Has Saved the Day." 
 
 "Prepare for Peace." 
 
 No accurate count could be made hut it is believed 
 that more than 7.000 people took part in the Fair- 
 mont victory celebration. This is more than a third 
 of the county's population. They came from every 
 point, particularly the members of the War Board, 
 who were in line almost 100 per cent strong. 
 
 Arriving at the fair grounds two mammoth bon- 
 fires gave brilliant and fantastic illumination. The 
 bands played and the crowd sang patriotic songs. 
 An etifigy of the Kaiser labelled. "May He Rest in 
 Hell," was committed to the Hames as the crowd 
 shouted and jeered. The Home Guard company 
 formed in Indian War Dance fashion, circled the 
 fire, and shouted imprecations at the late Kaiser. 
 
 There was no pubhc speaking; it was impossible. 
 Every man, woman and child was there to exercise 
 individual lung power, not to listen to addresses. 
 As fatigue conquered the exhausted revellers they 
 departed, singly and in little groups but many re- 
 mained until after midnight. Though mid-November, 
 the weather was fine and mild, lending just the 
 right conditions for such a celebration. The event 
 will live forever in the memories of all who saw 
 or participated. 
 
 Similar celebrations, on a smaller scale, were held 
 in every village and hamlet on armistice night and 
 throughout the week following. Sherburn's demon- 
 stration was on the 14th. The program was similar 
 to that above described and the attendance large. 
 Hundreds came from Fairmont, the night being beau- 
 tiful and mild and auto travel pleasant. At this cel- 
 ebration there was considerable public speaking, in- 
 formal in character, but vociferously received. 
 
 For a week exultation over the victory and the 
 war's end deterred all other activities. Gradually the 
 excitement and rejoicing subsided and people re- 
 sumed a normal state, setting tliemselves to adjust- 
 ing the job of finishing up war activities and waiting 
 "until the boj's come home." 
 
 The Homecoming. 
 
 In the popular mind the war ceased with the sign- 
 ing of the armistice, Nov. 11, 1918, and both sol- 
 diers and home folks from that time forward had 
 one supreme thought — the homecoming. 
 
 The cessation of hostilities saw Martin county 
 men scattered over a score of countries and on the 
 seven seas, as well as in every camp and military 
 post in the United States. Considerably more than 
 one-half of those who were in the army were with 
 
 the American Expeditionary forces in France. Some 
 were in training camps in England. ,\ few were 
 in Italy. There were contingents in Siberia and 
 Panama. The cosmopolitan marines from this coun- 
 ty were represented in Haiti and China as well as 
 in the fighting forces in Europe. Our boys in the 
 navy could be found in nearly every open port of the 
 world. 
 
 "The war is over, now our boys will soon be home," 
 thought all the home folk. "When do we start for 
 home?" was the eternal question with every soldier 
 and sailor. Keen disappointment was due in every 
 quarter over the expectation of the immediate return 
 of all our men. Both in the army and out people 
 lost sight of the enormous tasks incident to de- 
 mobilization — quite as great as those required to as- 
 semble our forces in the first instance. Weeks aiid 
 months rolled by before the men began to return in 
 any considerable numbers. 
 
 A scattering few men were discharged in the mil- 
 itary camps of the United States and reached home 
 in the month that saw the end of hostilities. The 
 first authority for commanding officers to discharge 
 men through the ending of the war came on Nov. l.">, 
 
 1918. On that date telegraphic authority for such 
 discharges was communicated to every camp in the 
 LTnited States. It required much time to close up 
 the records of the men, account for and turn in 
 property and do the thousand and one things that 
 had to be learned by experience. No thought had 
 been given to the problem of how we were to get 
 rid of our army once we were through with it. 
 Ofticers were wholly inexperienced in that kind of 
 work and during the first few weeks of the demobil- 
 ization progress was slow. The welcome authority 
 for discharge which came on Nov. 1.5 was meagre 
 as to the process of discharge but in scattered and 
 individual cases, often with many blunders and mis- 
 takes, a few men were released during that montli. 
 More light was given discharging officers in a cir- 
 cular letter from the .\djutant General of the Army 
 on Nov. 30. This gave ciuite full directions for pro- 
 cedure and thenceforth discharges were more rapid. 
 
 Probably all the service men on duty for the 
 emergency within the United States expected to be 
 home for'Christmas but most of them were disap- 
 pointed. Good progress was made in releasing men 
 in the home camps during December but the first 
 of the New Year saw more than half of those in 
 the camps still waiting for discharge. In January, 
 
 1919, the first of the men from overseas came home 
 and by the end of that month most of those in the 
 U. S. camps had been discharged. From this time 
 forward the boys came back in increasing numbers. 
 Tlie maximum was reached in June and July, 1919, 
 which was eight months after the fighting ceased. 
 From that time there was a rapid reduction and by 
 September, 1919, practically all had returned, though 
 there have been scattering individual discharges every 
 month since. At the time this is written (July, 
 1920) there are a few Martin county men still in 
 service. 
 
 Men in overseas organizations were usually re- 
 turned with their outfits. On debarking the com- 
 mands were broken up into detachments and sent 
 to the demobilization camps nearest their homes 
 for discharge. Most of the Martin county men were 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, and Camp Grant, 
 111. Men in the remote camps within the United 
 States were handled in the same way. Usually re- 
 turned overseas men were at home within ten days 
 from the landing of the transport. Once under way 
 discharges were accomplished very rapidly. 
 
 As the men returned over so long a period and 
 almost always one by one their arrival could not be 
 welcomed in one splendid demonstration as they de- 
 trained at the home stations. LTpon their actual re- 
 turn they were usually welcomed at the station by 
 groups of relatives and friends though in many in- 
 
 63 
 
stances the men. for reasons of their own, gave no 
 notice in advance of their return and just walked in 
 unexpectedly on the home folks. For the reasons 
 here given it was inevitable that the formal home- 
 coming celebrations be deferred for long months. 
 This was regrettable as it took ofif the fine ed.ge from 
 the spirit of welcome and gratitude that all felt but 
 detracted nothing from the honor that the public 
 accords to those who played the larger part in the 
 national defense. 
 
 The first Martin county' soldier to return from 
 the actual fighting front was Lt. Lvn Houghtaling. 
 He reached home Oct. 18, 191S. This soldier was 
 in machine gun warfare and had been almost con- 
 tinuously at the front since May. 1918. He was one 
 of a small number of experienced officers taken from 
 the front and returned to America as instructor in 
 machine gun tactics for units in training in the 
 home camps. Lt. Hou.ghtaling was given a tremen- 
 dous ovation h}' the people of Fairmont upon his 
 return. The big .\rgonne drive was then at its 
 hcisrht and war enthusiasm at fever heat. 
 
 There were demonstrations in several towns inci- 
 dent to the drive for the Victory Loan of .\pril. 
 1919, in which returned soldiers played a large part. 
 On these occasions they were accorded popular ac- 
 claim and honors, .^t a demonstration in Fairmont 
 on .April 19 two hundred returned service men in 
 uniform paraded and were guests of the city. 
 
 Homecoming celebrations were held at several 
 towns in the fall of 1919. The little village of Cey- 
 lon set the pace for events of this character with their 
 splendid celebration on .Augrst 15th. While this 
 homeconi'ng was particularly for the service men of 
 Ceylon village and the adiacent townships of Lake 
 Belt. Tenhassen. Manvaska and Lake Fremont the 
 invitation was general to all service men of the 
 county and very generally accepted by them. Cey- 
 lon business men and nearby farmers raised a fund 
 of over $3. .500 for free entertainment of the soldiers 
 and sailors, about two hundred of whom attended 
 and paraded in uniform. Everything was free to 
 the service men. The housewives prepared a .great 
 spread of good things to eat which was served in 
 abundance to the men at both the dinner and supper 
 hours. There was dancing, ball .games and other 
 entertainments, all free to the men in uniform, and 
 in addition a Red Cross canteen handed out free 
 smokes, confectionery, cold drinks, and other re- 
 freshments all day and evening. The great parade 
 was followed by speaking exercises. Capt. Tvan 
 Bowen. returned soldier of Mankato, deliverin.g the 
 principal address. 
 
 Granada on .A.u.g. 29th was host to the returned 
 men of that vicinity. The homccomin.g was the big- 
 gest public celebration ever undertaken b\' this lit- 
 tle village and was most liberallv financed by the 
 people of the town and surrounding country. The 
 general pro.gram was similar to that given at the 
 Ceylon celebration, but on not quite so large a 
 scale. Here again everything was free to the men 
 in uniform who were shown every honor and cour- 
 tesy that patriotic hospitality could sug.gest. The 
 addresses were by Fred E. Hadley of Winnebago and 
 .■\rthur M. Nelson of Fairmont, the latter speak- 
 ing for the service men. 
 
 Truman was next in line with another bi.g homc- 
 comin.g. Their date was Sept. 12th. and was attended 
 by the fairest of Minnesota's autumnal skies. The 
 village was thronged with people. Once more the 
 returned men were feted, dined and honored by the 
 patriotic population of the village and surrounding 
 country. People from all parts of the county at- 
 tended. W. H. Dempsey of New Ulm was the 
 speaker. Lieut. .\. F. Hunte responded for the 
 service men. The day's program concluded with a 
 
 great banquet and out-of-doors dance, all free to 
 the men who had served. 
 
 The last of the general homecoming celebrations 
 was given at the county seat on Oct. 9th. This gath- 
 ering was county wide in its scope. The date was 
 originally set for armistice day and arrangements 
 made accordingly but the time was changed to one 
 month earlier because of the out-door character of 
 the exercises and the danger of inclement weather 
 at the later date. The celebration was sponsored 
 by Mayor E. J. Edwards and the city council, loy- 
 ally backed by the citizens of Fairmont generally. 
 
 So far as addresses could be obtained invitations 
 were mailed to all service men of the county sev- 
 eral days in advance. The men were asked to be the 
 guests of the city and to attend in uniform. More 
 than 1.000 of these invitations were sent out. With 
 each invitation was enclosed a book of coupons rep- 
 resenting about $6.00 in cash value. The coupons 
 admitted two persons to the banquet and were also 
 good in exchange for anything the men nii.ght wish 
 in the way of refreshments, and received the same as 
 cash by any business place in the city. 
 
 Five hundred uniformed service men marched in 
 the parade, which was a great feature. Marching 
 with the men of the World War was Phil Kearney 
 Post of Civil War veterans in autos. There were 
 many floats, two bands and numerous other features. 
 The Knights of Columbus, Red Cross, Y. M. C. A. 
 and Salvation Army were featured in the parade and 
 handed out refreshments to all in uniform along the 
 line of march. The Salvation Army float made a 
 big hit by serving the famous army doughnut from 
 their mobile hut. 
 
 Entertainment of every kind was provided all day 
 and evening. The great banquet was served at noon 
 in the Fairmont armory. For this spread there had 
 been prepared 291 roast chickens, ."iOO pies, 13 bush- 
 els of potatoes, 150 gallons of coffee, and other eat- 
 ables in like proportion. Nearly 1,000 service men 
 and their ladies were fed and the spread repeated in 
 the evening. The noon banquet was followed by a 
 brief address, E. H. Nicholas, of Jackson, being the 
 speaker. 
 
 Six hundred couples enjoyed the grand ball at 
 the arniony in the evenin.g. the festivities continu- 
 in.g until 2 o'clock in the morning. 
 
 Cedar township was the only rural point to extend 
 a formal homccomin.g welcome to its service men. 
 This township, with a most enviable war record in 
 every respect, raised liberal funds and welcomed the 
 heroes home in most hospitable manner at the Hoe- 
 vct farm. The speakers were J. E. Ha3'craft and 
 Arthur M. Nelson from Fairmont. 
 
 There were scores of homecomin.gs of lesser scope 
 by churches and lodges all over the county. These 
 were limited to the members of the church or society 
 who were in service. Nearly every church and lodge 
 in the county had such a celebration. At the 
 churches these events were semi-religious in char- 
 acter while at the lod.ges and other organizations 
 they were of festal nature. 
 
 Every church and lodge of the county carried 
 upon its walls all through the war period service 
 fla.gs with a star for each member who was away 
 with the colors. The final step in according honor 
 to those who returned was the demobilizin.g of 
 these service flags which was accomplished with 
 appropriate ceremony, the men honored being spe- 
 cial guests at the exercises. 
 
 In such manner did the home folks of Martin 
 county v»-elcome and honor the men and women 
 to whom they sought to express the gratitude they 
 felt to those who have given most that "the world 
 might be made safe for democracy." 
 
 64 
 
IN FLANDERS FIELDS. 
 
 By Lieiit.-Col. John McCrae. 
 
 Died in the Service January 28th, 191S, and buried 
 in Flanders Fields. 
 
 In Flanders Fields the poppies blow 
 Between the crosses, row on row, 
 That mark our place; and in the sky 
 The larks, still bravely singing, fly 
 Scarce heard amid the guns below. 
 
 We are the dead. Short days ago 
 We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow. 
 Loved and were loved, and now we lie 
 In Flanders Fields. 
 
 Take up our (|uarrel with the foe: 
 To you from failing hands we throw 
 
 The torch; be yours to hold it high. 
 
 If ye break faith with us who die 
 We shall not sleep, though poppies grow 
 In Flanders Fields. 
 
 IN FLANDERS FIELDS. 
 (An Answer.) 
 
 By R. W. Lillard, 
 
 Rest ye in peace, ye Flanders dead! 
 The fight that ye so bravely led 
 We've taken up! .\nd we will keep 
 True faith with you who lie asleep. 
 With each a cross to mark his bed. 
 And poppies blowing overhead 
 Where once his own life blood ran red! 
 So let your rest be sweet and deep 
 In Flanders Fields! 
 
 Fear not that ye have died for naught; 
 
 The torch ye threw to us we caught! 
 Ten million hands will hold it high. 
 And Freedom's light shall never die! 
 
 We've learned the lesson that ye taught 
 In Flanders Fields! 
 
 67 
 
GRAVES OF MARTIN COUNTY 
 SOLDIERS IN FRANCE 
 
 The picture, reading from top to bottom, shows the graves of 
 Galen Jones, Hans Havn, and Carl E. Brinkman. 
 
 AT ROMAGNE. 
 
 (In Argonne Cemetery, ne;ir Romagne, France, 
 more than twenty-two thousand American soldiers 
 are buried, the cemetery being the largest military 
 cemetery in France.) 
 
 Sea of crosses cresting bright, 
 Wave on wave of tender green. 
 Soldiers' graves that lie between, 
 
 With the beauty of their white, 
 
 What a tale of war they tell — 
 Love that reached across the sea, 
 Men who so loved Liberty 
 
 That for strangers' rights they fell! 
 
 Not as slaves whose lives were sold 
 
 For some overlord's desire, 
 
 Not as Hessian who for hire 
 Risked their all in greed for gold, 
 But as thoughtful men and free 
 
 With no goal save duty high 
 
 Came this silent host to die 
 Far from home, for Liberty. 
 
 Let them lie in fields of France, 
 
 Here together let them lie, 
 
 That for ages passers-by 
 Scenes of world deliverance 
 May behold, from sky to sky, 
 
 This white-crested, peaceful sea. 
 
 And the while reminded be 
 How Americans can die. 
 
 Let them lie here where they died 
 That their resting place may be 
 A world shrine of Liberty 
 
 And our land's immortal pride; 
 
 Let them lie where they shall live 
 Ever more in love and fame. 
 In the land to which they came 
 
 Passionate their all to give. 
 
 Sea of crosses, stretching far 
 
 O'er the hill and out of sight. 
 
 Wave on wave with crests of white, 
 What a tale they tell of war! 
 What an epoch now they mark 
 
 Of war waged for right alone! 
 
 Let them stand, a sign in stone 
 Of a world saved from the dark! 
 
 — Lee Shipey in Kansas City Star. 
 
 08895 
 
 68 
 
Illllllllllllllllllllllllll 
 
 m 
 
 ANDERSON, Alfred Emil. Sergeant. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 14, 1897. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Jan. 9, 1918, as 
 private in Air Service. Rejected ten days later on physical 
 disqualification. Again enlisted June 18. 1918, at Mankato, 
 Minn., as private in engineers. Assigned to Co. C, 545th 
 Engineer Training Battalion at Camp Humphreys, Va. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 23, 19 18, arriving at St. Nazaire, 
 France, Oct. 7, 19 18. Taken ill during voyage with influenza 
 and pneumonia, and died on Oct. 8. 1918, one day after landing. 
 Buried at St. Nazaire, France. Body returned and re-buried 
 at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 3, 1920. 
 
 ANDERSON, Fredolph Oscar. Private. Par- 
 ents, Mr. and Mrs. F. O. Anderson, are deceased. 
 Mrs. C. T. Swanson, sister, Monterey, Minn. Resident of 
 Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 2, 
 19 1 8, and sent to Columbus Barracks, Ohio. Assigned to Co. 
 E, 54th Inf., 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., July 6, 1918, arriving at a French port 
 July 17, 19 18. While sfationed at Gerardmer in the Vosges 
 sector he fell ill with pneumonia and was admitted to Field 
 Hospital No. 38 on Oct. 11, 1918. Died Oct. 13, 1918. Buried 
 in American cemetery at Krutli, Alsace. 
 
 ANDERSON, Gust William. Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Frank Anderson, Dunnell, Minn. 
 Born at Jay Twp., Martin County, Dec. 15, 1893, ^"d resident 
 thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June j6, 19 18. as 
 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. I, 341st Inf., 86th 
 Div., at Camp Grant, III. Embarked from Hoboken, N, J., 
 Sept. 8, 19 1 8, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 22, 1918, 
 and at Brest, France, a couple of days later. Upon arrival 
 of the 341st Inf. at the French port a member of the enlisted 
 men, Anderson among them, was rushed to the 78th Div., then 
 engaged fiercely in the Meuse-Argonne. Joining his regiment 
 under fire Anderson was assigned to Co. A, 312th Inf., 7Sth 
 Div., and went immediately into the front lines. On Oct. 18, 
 the division was engaged near Grandpre and lost heavily. An- 
 derson was reported missing after that day and was no doubt 
 killed in battle. Up to this time the location of his grave has 
 not been determined. The Dunnell, Minn., American Legion 
 Post, is named in honor of this soldier. 
 
 BAST, Henry August. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Christ Bast, Sherbiirn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, May 10, 1890. Resided in 
 Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Feb, 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N, A. Assigned to 
 Co. D, 342nd Inf., 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 8, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 Sept. 26, 1918. Became ill with influenza on trip from LeHavre, 
 to Bordeaux, and died at LeMans, France, where he was taken 
 to a hospital, Oct. 6. 19 18. Buried in France. Body returned 
 to United States and re-interred in Elm Creek cemetery, Aug., 
 1920. 
 
 rill 
 
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 69 
 
BRINKMAN, Carl Ernest. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Henry Brinkman, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Arnum, Hanover, Germany, Feb. 24, iSgj. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 
 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Wadsworth, S. C, 
 and assigned to Co. B, 54th Pioneer Inf. Embarked from New- 
 port News, Va., .^ug. 29, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 
 12, 1918. Died of pneumonia in France Oct. u, 1918. Buried 
 in American plot, French military cemetery, at Fleury-sur-Meuse, 
 France. 
 
 BROWN, Wilber Everett. Private. Son of W. 
 
 G. Brown, l-'airmont, !Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., June 28, 1897. Resident of Rolling 
 Green Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 
 18, 1918, as private in artillery, regular army. Assigned to 
 Battery C, 2nd Trench Mortar Battery. Trained at Ft. Caswell, 
 N. C. Embarked from Boston, ilass.. May 29, 1918, arriving 
 at LeHavre, France, June 25, 1918, being stationed in England 
 a short time en route. Engaged at St. Mihiel. Contracted 
 pneumonia while at port of embarkation awaiting transport. Died 
 at .\ngers. France. Jan. 27. 1919. Buried in France. Body 
 returned and buried at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 10, 1920. 
 
 CARLSON, Elwin Godfrey. Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and ilrs. .\ndre\v Carl.son, East Cliain, Minn. 
 Born Feb. 24. 1S94. at East Chain, Minn. Resident of East 
 Chain, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 26, 1918, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Trained at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Assigned to Co. M, 3Sist Inf., 88th Div. Transferred to Hq. 
 Co., I 18th Inf., 30th Div. Transferred to Co. B, ilQth Inf., 
 30th Div., in France. Embarked from Jersey City, N. J., May 
 10, 1918. Fought on Belgian front with 30th Div. On returning 
 from the line for rest on Oct. 25. 1918, was stricken with in- 
 fluenza-pneumonia. Taken to a British hospital five days later. 
 Died Nov. 8, 1918. Buried in .Nmerican cemetery at Dury-les- 
 Amiens, France. 
 
 CARY, Clifford Levi. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Levi Gary. Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Zearing. Iowa, May 15, 1895. Resided at Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted .^ipril i, 1918, for mechanic m motor 
 transport service. Sent to University of Cincmnati, Ohio, lor 
 training. Transferred to Battery F. 7th Field .Artillery at 
 Camp Jackson. S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
 14 I9i'8, arriving in France about July 23, 1918. Engaged at 
 St Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Killed in action at Exermont 
 in' the Argonne, Oct. 8, 1918, by direct hit of high explosive. 
 Buried in France. The Cary-Klusendorf post of the American. 
 Legion at Welcome, Minn., is named in his honor. 
 
 
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CATTNACH, Ora^ Fay. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Hngh Cattnach. formerly of Fairmont, 
 Minn., now of Sterlingville. Alberta. 
 
 Ora Cattnach was born in l-'airmont, June 22. 1898, and was em- 
 ployed on a farm in Martin County when the war broke out. 
 He went to Canada, where his parents had moved, and enlistetl at 
 Edmonton, Alberta, about Dec. 1, 1916, and was assigned to the 
 118th Battalion of Canadian Infantry. He trained at Edmonton, 
 Alta., and in England. Transferred to loth Canadian C"avalry in 
 France. Dates of embarkation and arrival abroad are unknown. 
 Was in many actions. Gassed. Wliile a dispatch bearer riding 
 at night without liglit he collided with a motor truck and 
 sufifered severe injuries. Recovered and was assigned to the 
 hospital corps. Received gvni shot wounds in chest and right 
 shoulder, place and date unknown, and died therefrom Aug. 9, 
 191S. 
 
 DEITRICK, Franklin Joseph. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. J. H. l.)L-itrick. residents of Jay Twp., 
 Martin Co., during the war, now of Estherville, 
 Iowa. 
 Born at Osceola, Iowa, July 12, 1895. Employed at Green Isle. 
 Minn., when inducted at Gaylord. Minn.. Sept. 21, 1917, as 
 private in infantry. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned 
 to Co. A, 351st Inf., 88th Div. Transferred Nov. 15, 1917 to 
 Camp Pike, Arkansas, and there assigned to Co. I, 347th Inf.. 
 87th Div. Taken ill with pneumonia Dec. 23, 1917 and died 
 at Base Hospital, Camp Pike, Jan. 3, 191*8. Buried at Osceola, 
 Iowa. 
 
 DAHNKE, Carl Frederick. Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 I'redericka Dahnke. l'"airniont. Minn. 
 Born at Eairmont Tw|>., Martin County, Feb. 17, 1893. Em- 
 ployed at Redfield. S. D., when inducted at Gettysburg, S. D., 
 June 26, 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 352nd 
 Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Died Oct. 16, 1918, in 
 France of pnemi'onia. 
 
 DONWEN, Albert Frederick. Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. ami Airs. John Donwcn. .\lpha, Minn. 
 
 r.iM-n Oct. 5. 1S92. at Cibery, III. Resident of Jay Twp., Martin 
 County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 26, 
 igi8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st Inf., 
 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. A, 129th 
 Inf., ,?jrd Div., at Camp Houston, Texas. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken. X. .1., May 9, 1918, arriving in France May 24, 1918. 
 While engaged with his command in the Meuse-Argonne offensive, 
 he was gassed on Oct. s, 1918, and sent to a hospital. On re- 
 covery he was on board train to rejoin his command when he 
 was killed in a railroad accident Nov. 20, 1918. His grave is 
 at Pranthoy, Haute-Marne, France. Alpha, Minn., post of 
 .\merican Legion is named in honor of this soldier. 
 
 
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 71 
 

 EDMAN, Andreas Thaxter Johann. Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Otto Edman, Triumph, Minn. 
 Born at Chicago. III., Sept. 27. 1896. Resident of Fox Lake 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
 22, 1918, as private in engineers. N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
 Ga., and assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co. Contracted 
 influenza and pneumonia en route and died at Camp Forrest, Ga., 
 Nov. 2,- 1919. Buried at Triumph, Minn. 
 
 FOSTER, Henry Watson. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Wallace Foster, Alpha, Minn. 
 
 Born Jan. 2, 1892, at Cedaj Twp.. Martin County and resident 
 thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. June 26, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N'. A. He was sent to Camp Grant. 111., 
 and assigned to Co. I, 341st Inf., 86th Div. He embarked from 
 Hoboken, X. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England. 
 Sept. 21, 1918, and in France a few days later. At St. Andre, 
 near Bordeaux, on Oct. 10. a number of the enlisted men of the 
 86th Div. were hurried up to the front in the Meuse-Argonne 
 engagement to replace casualties incurred by other divisions. 
 Foster was among these replacement troops. He reached Grand 
 Pre on Oct. 14, and was at once assigned to the 312th Inf., of 
 the 78th Div., which was holding the left of the American line 
 and heavily engaged with severe losses. He went into action 
 the night after joining his new command and was i>ractically 
 continuously engaged until killed in action near Grand Pre on 
 Oct. 23, 1918. He is interred in the American Argonne cemetery. 
 The Triumph-Monterey American Legion post is named in his 
 honor. 
 
 FELLER, Seward Fred. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. David W. Feller of Rogers, Arkansas, 
 formerly of Manyaska Twp., Martin County, 
 
 Born April 2, 1887, at Manyaska Twp., Martin County. Resi- 
 dent of Welcome, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 21, 19 17, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp 
 Dodge and transferred to Camp Cody, N. M., where he was 
 assigned to Co. C. 135th Inf., 34th Div. Died of pneumonia at 
 Camp Cody, X. M., Jan. 13, 1918. 
 
 GILES, Burdette Marying. Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Giles. (Mother is now Mrs. 
 
 A. J. Lee, Hillnian, Minn.) 
 Married. Born at Kossuth County, Iowa, Aug. 29, 1893. 
 Employed at Swea City, Iowa, when inducted at Algona, 
 Iowa, Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. As- 
 signed to Co. F, 350th Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Embarked frcm Hoboken, N. J.. Aug. 18. 1918, arriving in 
 France, Sept. 5, 19 18. Engaged at Haute-Alsace front. Died 
 of typhoid fever and pneumonia in France, Feb. 27, 1919- Buried 
 in France. 
 
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 72 
 
GILES, Delaney Stanley. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. C. H. Giles. (Mother now Mrs. A. J, 
 
 Lee, Hillman, Minn.) 
 Born at Kossuth County, Iowa, July 5, 1895. Resident of East 
 Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted* at Fairmont, Feb. 
 25, 19 18, as a private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 
 351st Inf., 88th Div. Transferred to Co. D, 33rd Engineers at 
 Camp Devens, Mass., later in France to Battery A, 303rd Heavy 
 Artillery, operating a caterpillar tractor. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J., July 1 5, 1918, arriving at French port Aug. 1 5, 
 19 18. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Took sick 
 from exposure in the Argonnes, contracting pneumonia with 
 empyema. Died Nov. 15. 19 18. Buried at Clermont-Ferrand, 
 Franc"?. 
 
 HAMMER, Thomas Thedor. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Louis Hammer, Odin, Minn. 
 Born at Cedar Twp., Martin County, Oct. 30, 1893, and resident 
 of that place when enlisted in Co. H, 1st Minn, Inf., (National 
 Guard in federal service) at Ft. SnelHng, Minn., June 18, 1917. 
 His command later became Co. H, 13 5th Inf., 34tli Div., and 
 was stationed at Camp Cody, N. M. until sent overseas with 
 replacement troops, embarking from Hoboken, N. J., June 29, 
 1918, and arriving in France about July 25, 19 18. In France 
 he was assigned to Co. G, 58th Inf., 4th Div., and supposed to 
 have later been transferred to the artillery of the same division. 
 Was engaged at St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne. Killed in 
 action in the Argonnes. Oct. 7, 1918. Buried in American cem- 
 etery at Brieulles-sur-Meuse, France. 
 
 GRAFF, Arthur Nicholas. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Clias. Graff, Bancroft, Nebraska. 
 Born at Bancroft, Neb., July 21. 1887. Resided at Truman, Minn., 
 since 1890. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5. 1918. Sent 
 to Camp Grant, 111., and from there to Camp Hancock, Ga., and 
 assigned to 14th Co., 2n^ Training Group, Machine Gun Training 
 Center. Contracted influenza and pneumonia and died at Camp 
 Hancock, Ga., Oct. 9, 1918. Buried at Bancroft, Neb. 
 
 HAVN, Hans Olson. Private. Son of Ole Havn, 
 Otta, Norway. 
 
 Born at Guldbrandsdalen, Norway, April 18, 1887. Came to U. S. 
 in 1907 and completed naturalization in 19 17. Made his home 
 with his cousin, H. C. Josten. Cedar Twp., Martin County, Minn., 
 where he resided when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
 1918, as a private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 311th 
 Eng., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Left for overseas Sept. 
 8, 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, Oct. 10, 1918. Contracted 
 bronchial pneumonia en route and died Oct. 11, 1918, at Bor- 
 deaux, France, where he is buried. 
 
 Ii= 
 
 73 
 

 HOUGHTALING, Elting Wade. Private. Son 
 
 of ALr. and Airs. Elmore Houghtaling, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Dec. 3, 1891. Employed at Canyon 
 , Ferry, Mont., when inducted at Helena, Mont., April 27, 1918, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to tamp Lewis, Wash., and 
 assigned to the 163rd Depot Brigade. He was transferred to the 
 Third Officers Training Camp at Camp Lewis and was training 
 for a commission when taken ill with pneumonia. He died 
 at the Base Hospital, Camp Lewis. Wash., June 5, 191S. Buried 
 in Lakeside cemetery. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 JENSEN, Anton Peter. Private. 
 
 Uorn at liuniii. iJcnmark, in 1892. Mother resides there. Resi- 
 dent of Fast Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fair- 
 mont. Minn.. May 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent 
 to Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred shortly afterwards to Camp 
 Kearney, Calif., where he was assigned to Co. E, 159th Inf., 
 40th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 18, 1918. On 
 arriving in France was transferred to Co. I, 307th Inf., 77th 
 Div. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. He was killed in action Sept. 
 26, 1918, the first day of the Meuse-Argonne offensive. Buried 
 in American Argonne cemetery, France. 
 
 JENSEN, Theodore Cedor. Landsman. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Peter Jensen, Guckeen. Minn. 
 Born Jan. 26, 1897. at Dews. Iowa. Resident of East Chain, 
 Minn., when enlisted July 13, 1918, at Omaha, Neb., as lands- 
 man for electrician, U. S. Naval Reserve. Sent to Great Lakes, 
 HI., and assigned to Co. 4, 12th Training Regiment. Became ill 
 with influenza, Sept. 12, 1918, developing pneumonia. Died at 
 Base Hospital at Great Lakes, 111., Sept. 26, 1918. Buried at 
 Swedish Mission cemetery. East Chain, Minn. 
 
 JOHNSON, Arden Gustaf. Private. Son of G. A. 
 Johnson, Chicago, III. 
 
 Made home with his uncle, J. ^F. Smith, Fairmont, Minn. Born 
 at Chicago, 111., Sept. 11, 1894. Married. Resident of East 
 Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 5. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 
 111., and assigned to Training Co. No. 5. Died of influenza- 
 pneumonia at Camp Grant, 111., Oct. 8, 1918. Buried at East 
 Chain, Minn. 
 
 
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 74 
 
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 ^ 
 
 JONES, Galen Henry. Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Jones, Kairniont, Minn. 
 Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Minn.. May lo, 1898. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., 
 Jan. 8, 1918, as private in the Air Service, .\ssigned to training 
 detachment at Kelly Field No. 3, Texas. Later transferred to 
 3rd Photo Section. Air Service. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 about Aug. 15, 1918, and arrived at Leiiavre, France, about 
 Sept. I, 1 9 18. At the front in Toul sector from Sept. 15 to 
 Nov. II, 19 1 8. While acting as motor cycle orderly at Neuf- 
 chateau, France, he suffered a collision with a ijiotor truck on 
 Dec. 1. 1918. From the injuries received he^died Dec. 2, 1919. 
 Buried at Neufchateau, France. 
 
 KLINDT, Julius Gregory. First Sergeant. Son 
 
 of ^Ir. and Mrs. Kerdinand Klindt, Sherburn, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at St. Paul, Minn., May 30, 1896. Resided at Fox Lake 
 'I'wp., Martin County, when enlisted in the regular army some time 
 in 1917. Served with various infantry regiments in the I-*hitii)- 
 pines and elsewhere previous to the World War. Promoted suc- 
 cessively to the grade of ist sergeant. When war broke out 
 he was transferred to the national army and assigned as ist 
 sergeant of Co. I, 310th Inf., 78th Div. ICmbarked from Hoboken, 
 i\. J., in May. igi8. Was engaged in the St, Mihicl offensive 
 and the Meuse-.Vrgonne drive from Sept. 26, 1918 until his 
 death. Killed in action in the Argonnes. Nov. i, 1918. Buried 
 in American Argonne cemetery. France. 
 
 kLUSENDORF, Rudolph Theodore. Corporal. 
 
 Son of Henry Khisendorf. Welcome. Minn. 
 Born at Iroquois County, 111., Oct. 22^, 1893. Resident of Fraser 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Sept. 
 21, 1917, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. I. 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M, Transferred in France 
 to Co. A, 126th Inf., 32nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 June 28, 191S, arriving abroad about July 12. 1918. After par- 
 ticipating in several minor engagements he was killed in battle 
 in the Argonne, Oct. 5, 19 18. Buried in Argonne American 
 cemetery, France. Welcome, Miini., Post American Legion, is 
 named in his honor. 
 
 LADE. Arthur. Private. Parents deceased. Her- 
 man Lade, brother. Sherbnrn. Minn. 
 
 Born at Donovan. 111., May 10. 1886. Resident of Sherburn, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. May 26. 19 18, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash., 91st 
 Div. Transferred to Co. B, 126th Inf., 32nd Div., Camp Mc- 
 Arthur. Texas. Participated in all fighting of this division up 
 to time of his death. Killed in action during Meuse-Argonne 
 offensive, Oct. 15, 191 8. Buried in Grave No. 103, Sec. 69, 
 I'll it 2. Argonne American cemetery, Romagne-sons-Montfaucon, 
 ( Meuse) France. 
 
 
 
 
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 LUCUS, Ado Gilbert. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Gilbert O. Luciis, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn. Minn., Dec. 5. 1896. Employed at Wheaton, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place Oct. 24. 19 18. as private in 
 infantry. Sent to Camp Cody, N. M. Contracted influenza 
 en route and taken from train to hospital in dying condition. 
 Died at Camp Cody. N. M., Nov. 8. 1018. Buried at Sherburn, 
 Miim. 
 
 NASSEN, Ernest George. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Fred Nassen. Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Born at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County. July i6, 1891, where 
 he resided when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. I, 341st 
 Inf., 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. ]., Sept. 9, 1918. arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 21, 
 1918, and in France a few days later. While the 86th Div. was 
 at St. Andre, near liordeaux, on (!)ct. 10, 1918, a number of 
 the enlisted men of the 341st Inf., Nassen among them, were 
 sent up to the front as replacements for Divisions then heavily 
 engaged at the Meuse-Argonne. Nassen reached the front at 
 Grand Pre on Oct. 14. He was assigned to Co. I, 312th Inf., 
 78th Div., and went into action the night of Oct. 15-16. The 
 division had the left of the American line and was fiercely 
 engaged, losing heavily without being able to advance. On Oct. 
 23, 191S, he was severely wounded near Grand Pre. When last 
 seen by comrades who knew him he was working as a stretcher 
 bearer and was probably wounded while so engaged. Two days 
 
 later, Oct. 25, 1918, he died of his wounds. He is buried in the 
 American Argonne cemetery. Citizens of Ceylon and Lake Belt 
 have erected a memorial to his memory in Lake Belt cemetery 
 and the Ceylon Post of the American Legion is named in his 
 honor. 
 
 NELSON, Chris. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Nels Nelson, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Clinton, Iowa, July 14, 1892. Resident of East Chain, 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 21, 1917. as priva^^ in infantry. N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, but transferred in a few days to Camp Cody, N. M., and 
 assigned to Co. E, 135th Inf., 34th Div. Contracted pneumonia 
 and died at Camp Cody Base Hospital, Jan. 25, 19 18. Buried 
 in Swedish Lutheran cemetery. East Chain, Minn. 
 
 OLES, 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 Lee Raymond. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Louis Oles, Truman. Minn. 
 
 Born at V'ernon Center, Miini., July 30, 1897. Resident of 
 Truman. Minn. Enlisted at Mankato, Minn., April 7. 1917, the 
 day after war was declared, as private in infantry, regular army. 
 Sent to Jefferson Barracks, Mo., thence to Ft. Douglas. Utah, 
 Ft. Bliss. Texas, and Camp Pike. Ark., as private in Co. C. 43rd 
 Inf. Contracted lobar pneumonia and died at Camp Pike, Ark., 
 Nov. 26, 1917. Buried at Truman, Minn. Truman, Minn., Post, 
 American Legion is named in his honor. 
 
 76 
 
OLSON, NELS S. Private. Son of Mrs. Bertha 
 (Jlson, Triumph, Minn. 
 
 Born at Calamus, Iowa, July 9, 1S92. Kesident of Waverly 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
 26, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and 
 assigned to 351SI Inf., 88th Div. Transferred to Co. A, 119th 
 Inf., 30th Div.. at Camp Sevier, .S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J.. May 11, 1918, arriving at Calais, France. May 29. 1918. 
 His division was assigned to immediate duty at tlie front with 
 the Britisli army. Engaged at 'I'pres. Killed in action Aug. 17, 
 1918. Buried in Ilegley cemetery in Belgium. 
 
 PERSONIUS, Lester Conrad. Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. ami Mrs. Chas. .\. Personius. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Minn., Oct. 28, 1897. 
 Resident of Silver Lake Twp.. Martin County. Served on Mex- 
 ican border 1916-17 as corporal in Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. (Na- 
 tional Guard). Called from National Guard to federal service 
 at Fairmont. Minn.. July 15, 1917. Stationed at Camp Wm. Bird. 
 Fairmont. Minn. Died of disease at Fairmont, Minn.. Aug. 17. 
 19 1 7, the first Martin County soldier to give Iiis life in the war. 
 Buried with full military honors in Tenhassen cemetery. Martin 
 County. 
 
 OSELIUS, Hjalmer John. Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Auj^r. Osehus, Barron, Wis., formerly of 
 Martin County. 
 
 Born at Boone, Iowa, Jan. 13, 1890. Resident of Lake Fremont 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted af l"airmont, May 26, 
 1918. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred to Camp Kearney, 
 Calif., and assigned to Co. F. i59tli Inf.. 40th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J., Aug. 8, 19 18, arriving abroad Aug. 21, 
 1918. Was then transferred to Co. L, 307th Inf., 77th Div. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Killed in action Oct. 12, 19 18, 
 while engaged in the operations for the relief of the "Lost 
 Battaliori" of the 77th Div. Buried in American cemetery at 
 Binarville, Manle. France. Dunnell American Legion post is 
 named in honor of this soldier. 
 
 PRENTICE, Lee Charles. Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of Mrs. B. A. Carpenter, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born Dec. 23, 1887. at Spring Grove, Wis. Married. Resident 
 of Fairmont. Minn., when enlisted in First Officers Training 
 Camp at Ft. Snelling. Minn., May 15, 1917. Commissioned 2nd 
 Lieut, at Ft. SnelHng. Assigned to 313th Field Signal Bn., 
 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to the Aviation 
 Section of the Signal Corps at Austin. Texas. Embarked from 
 Camp Merritt. New York, March i, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
 France, March 10. 1918. Assigned to the Bombing Section, 
 i04th Squadron, Royal Flying Force (British) for long distance 
 raids. Killed Aug. i. 1918. according to German official report, 
 at \'igny, France. Met death on bis second raid into German 
 territory. Comrades saw him land in enemy territory under 
 control. Buried at St. Juvgon cemetery, 9^ miles south of 
 Metz. plot 86. Fairmont Post American Legion is named in 
 his honor. 
 
 \:3 
 
 77 
 
lillllllllllllllll 
 
 llllllllllll 
 
 
 READER, George Edwin. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. J. E. Reader. Truman, Minn. 
 Bom at West ford Twp., Martin County, Aug. 31, i8q3, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Miini., Feb. 25. 
 1918, as private in infantrv. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and 
 assigned to Co. L. 351st Inf., 88th Div., but transfrered shortly 
 to Co. A, 119th Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., May 1 1, 1918, arriving at Calais, 
 France, May 29, 1918. The 30th Div. was assigned to the British 
 army and was heavily eneaged at Ypres, Cambria. St. Quentin 
 and elsewhere. Reader was with his command in all actions 
 until killed in action Oct. 17, 1918. Buried in France. Truman, 
 Minn., Post, American Legion, is named in his honor. 
 
 REIS, Fred Henry Carl. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. John Reis, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born at Joliet, 111., July 12, 1895. Resident of Truman, Minn., 
 when inducted at Garner, Iowa, Aug. 6^ 1918, as private m 
 infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp McArthur, Waco, 'J exas, for 
 training with infantry replacement unit. Assigned to Co. No. 10. 
 On Sept. 22, 1918, he embarked fiom Hubckn, N. J., with replace- 
 ment troops. On the voyage he fell ill and died of influenza, 
 Oct. 5, 19 1 8. His body was buried at sea with full military 
 ■honors. 
 
 REDMAN, Milton Eddie. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Fred Redman, Wells, Minn. 
 Married. Born at Brush Creek Twp., Faribault County, Minn., 
 July 9, 1893. Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 191 7, as private in infantry, N, A. 
 Sent to Camp Cody, N. M,. and assigned to Co. H, I36ch Inf., 
 34th Div. Died of disease at Camp Cody, N. M., April 25, 191S. 
 Buried in Rose Hill cemetery. Wells, Minn. 
 
 ROBINSON, Ray William. Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Robinson, formerly of Center 
 Creek, Martin County, but moved during the war 
 to Rush City, Minn. 
 Born at Webster City, Iowa, May 14, 1 S96. Inducted at Cen- 
 ter City, Minn., Sept. 4, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent 
 to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned temporarily to sth Co., i6ist 
 Depot Brigade. Had tried to enlist twice earlier in the war 
 but was rejected for physical defects. Contracted influenza- 
 pneumonia and died at Camp Grant, Oct. 2, 1918. Had resided 
 in Martin County since 4 years of age. 
 
 .73 
 
llilllllllllllillllllililllllllllllllllllllllllllilli 
 
 RODEWALD, Bert Dick. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Airs. John Rodewald. Toluca, 111. 
 Born ill Woodford County, III., March 7, 1894. Resident ot 
 Center Creek Twp.. Martin County, Minn., when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Co.- C, 343rd Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, III. 
 Embarked from Camp Mills, N. Y., about Sept. 15, 1918, arriving 
 at Liverpool, England, Sept. 30, 1918. Died of pneumonia in 
 Base Hospital No. 21, Paignton, England, Oct. 3, 1918. Gran- 
 ada, Minn., Post of American Legion is named in honor of 
 this soldier. 
 
 SCHWIEGER, Arnold Fred. Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Herman Schwieger. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Fraser Twp., Martin County, Feb. 20, 1896, and resided 
 at Fraser Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, \. A, Sent to 
 Camp Cody, N. M., ?nd assigned to Co. K, 136th inf., 34th l/ic. 
 Embarked for overseas with infantry replacement troops about 
 June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, about July 12, 1918. 
 Was assigned to a combat division and engaged in the Meuse- 
 Argonne. Killed in action Oct. 4, 191 8. Buried in France. 
 
 SAXTON, Thomas. Corporal. Son of Mrs. B 
 A. vSaxton. Slierburn, Minn. 
 
 Born April 22, 1887, at Clay County, Iowa. Resident of Slier 
 burn, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 353st Inf. 
 88th. Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. A, 119th 
 Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken 
 N. J., May 11, 1918, arriving abroad, May 29, 1918. Killed 
 in action by shell fire Sept. 29, 1918, near Bellecourt (St. Quen 
 tin) France, after being in action continuously since July 15 
 1918. Buried in British Military Cemetery on the Somme 
 France. Sherburn. Minn., Post, American Legion is named 
 in Iionor of this soldier. 
 
 SENGBUSCH, George H. 
 
 and Airs. Kred Seiisbusch, 
 
 Private. 
 
 Monterey, 
 
 Son of 
 Minn. 
 
 iMr. 
 
 Born at Cook County, 111., Apr. 26, 1893. Resident of Galena 
 Twp,, Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
 25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 
 F, 332nd Field Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Trained 
 at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
 17, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sent. 30, 191S. Fell 
 a victim to the inflnenia epid^nic, devolopinj^ pneumonia. Died 
 Oct. 15. 1918. Buried in France. 
 
m 
 
 mm 
 
 SHARESKY, William J. Private. Son of Joseph 
 
 Sharesky, residing in Canada. 
 Born in Russia in 1892. Married, 2 children. Resident of Fair- 
 mont, Minn., when inducted at Ft. Snelling. Minn., March 15, 
 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 139th 
 Inf., 35th Div., at Camp Doniphan, Okla. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J., in May, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Wounded in action near Exremont. Sept. 2g, 1918, 
 died Oct. 2. Buried in France. 
 
 THEOBALD, Anthony John. Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Mathias Theobald, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Buffalo Grove, 111., Jan. 17. 1894. Resident of Jay 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 July 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Head- 
 quarters Co., 54 til Pioneer Inf.. at Camp Wadswortli, S. C. 
 Embarked from Newport News. Va.. Aug. 29. 1918, arriving 
 at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 
 Was with the Army of Occupation in Germany after the ar- 
 mistice. Contracted pneumonia and died at Neuendorf, Ger- 
 many. March 4, 1919. Body returned to U. S. and buried in 
 St. Luke's cemetery. Sherburn, Minn., July, 1920. 
 
 THIEMANN, Walter Herbert. Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Thiemann, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born July 16, 1894, at LaSalle, 111. Resident of Fairmont, Minn,, 
 when enlisted at that place Feb. 24. 1918, as private in infantry, 
 N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to 88th Div., 
 for a short time. He was then transferred to Co. A, 119th Inf., 
 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., May 11, 1918, arriving at Calais, France, May 29, 191S. 
 Killed in action, after being in battle five days, on July 22, 1918. 
 First Martin County soldier to die in battle. Buried in France. 
 
 tROSKA, Edward Joseph. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Carl Ti-.:)ska. Wells. Minn. 
 
 Born at Wells. Miini., .\ug. 11, 1899. and employed there when 
 called tu federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
 Minn., July 15, 19 17. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
 E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 in France to Co. G, 9th Inf., 2nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J-. with replacement troops. June 27 , 1918, arriving at 
 LeHavre. France, July 13. 1918. In action on July 18, 1918. 
 Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. He was instantly 
 killed by shell fire at Beaumont, France. Nov. 7, 1918, Buried in 
 France. Had two brothers in service, both of whom were 
 wounded. 
 
 'o^^- 
 
 "%. 
 
 \^ 
 
 -^lll 
 
 80 
 
of Mrs. Emily 
 
 WIEBE, Harry. Private. Son 
 
 W'iehe. widnw. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, July 12, 1896, where he resided when in- 
 ducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in infantry. 
 N. A. Assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co., Camp Forrest. 
 Ga. Contracted influenza and pneumonia and died at Camp For- 
 rest, Ga., Nov. 12, 1918. Buried in Fairmont cemetery. 
 
 ZOBOROSKI, Tony John. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. John Zobroski. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Lamoiit, 111., Jan, 1 5, 1S95. Resident of East Chain 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 and served in the 8Sth Div. for a short time. Was then sent 
 to Camp Sevier. S. C, and assigned to Co. G, 117th Inf., 30th 
 Div. Emharked from Hoboken, N. J., May 11, igiS, arriving 
 at Calais, France, May 29, igi8. His division served with the 
 British army and was engaged at Ypres, Cambria. St. Quentin 
 and elsewhere. Killed in action, probably in advance on St. 
 Quentin, Oct. 8, 1918. Buried in France. 
 
 Former Residents Died in Service 
 
 GOLDEN, Charles. Sergeant. 
 
 Correct name befieved to be Charles Nordeen. Born at East 
 Chain, Minn,, about 1887. Married, i child, estranged 
 from his family. Enlisted as a single man at Jefferson Barracks. 
 Mo., April 14, 1915. Assigned to Co. C, i8th Inf., and became 
 sergeant in that command, which was a part of the ist Div. and 
 one of the first units to embark. He was slightly wounded in 
 action on May 4, 1918, and transferred to the service of supply 
 at grand headquarters of the A. E. F. Died of diphtheria in 
 France, Aug. 5, 1918. Personal description identical with that 
 of Chas. Nordeen, who left his family in 191 5. 
 
 HAYNES, Daniel. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. J. J. Haynes, for many years residents of 
 Ceylon, Alartin County, Minn., now of Albert Lea, 
 Minn. 
 22 years of age. Entered the service July 15, 1917, with a 
 National Guard regiment. Transferred to Co, H, 309th Inf., 
 78th Div. Trained at Camp Cody, N. M. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J., with replacement troops, June 29, 1918, arriving 
 abroad about July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Severely wounded Nov. i, 1918, in attack upon ma- 
 chine gun positions. Died of wounds Nov. 16, igi8, at Brizeaux, 
 France. Buried in France. 
 
 CLEMETSON, Elmer Rudolph. Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Even Clemetson, Hartland, Minn. 
 Age 25. Was employed at the Fairmont National Bank, Fair- 
 Mont, Minn., when called to service in his home county, June 26, 
 1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to 311th Trencli 
 Mortar Battery, 86th Div. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., about Sept. 17, 1918. Taken ill 
 with influenza and pneumonia, Oct. 20, and died Oct. 22, 1918. 
 Buried in France. 
 
 COX, Ernest H. First Lieutenant, Canadian army. 
 
 Lt. Cox was killed in action May 25, 1918, while serving with 
 the Canadians. With his family Lt. Cox spent the summers ot 
 1915 and 1916 in Fairmont as superintenent of paving construc- 
 tion. He returned to his home in Winnipeg to enlist. 
 
 MAINE, Howrard. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Spencer Maine, Winnebago, formerly of 
 Nashville Twp., Martin Connty. 
 
 Killed in action by a machine gun bullet through the heart at 
 5:30 A. M. July 19, 1918, as he stepped out of his trench to 
 go over the top. He was an automatic rifleman. 
 
 81 
 
ABEL, Charles C. (1) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John Abel, Fairmont, 'Minn. 
 Born June i. 1890. at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County. Minn. 
 Resident of Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Co. L 351st Inf.. 88th Oiv., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. 
 Transferred to Co. D 33rd Eng. (Railway) and later to Co. 
 F 103rd Eng., 28th Div.. in France. Embarked from Hoboken. 
 N. J., Aug. 22, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Sent. 14. 1918. 
 Engaged in Meuse-Argonne offensive and Thieaucourt sector 7 
 ■weeks. Returned to U. S. May 7, 19191 and discharged May 21, 
 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 Caswell, N. C- Embarked from Boston, Mass., May 29, 1918, 
 arriving at LeHavre, France, June 25, 19 18. Engaged at St. 
 Mihiel. Returned to U. S. April 20, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, May 7, 19 19. 
 
 ALLEN, William Wallace. (9) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Albert R. Allen, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Clear Lake, S. D. Feb. 2. 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn., Dec. 15. 1917. as 
 private in aviation section, signal corps. N. A. Trained at Camp 
 Grant, III., and Minneapolis, Minn. Discharged at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., Jan. 25, 1919. 
 
 ADAMS, Vernon, i::) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 VV. W. Adams. Winnebago, Minn. 
 
 Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Minn.. March 25. T899 
 and resident of that place when enlisted at Macalester College, 
 St. Paul. Minn., in S. A. T. C. October 12, 1918. Discharged at 
 St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 12, 19 18. 
 
 AGERBECK, Soren. (3) Private. Son of Mrs. Jo- 
 hanna Agerbcck, Denmark. 
 
 Born in Denmark March 18. 1887. Resident of Dunnell. Minn., 
 when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn., as a private in aviation, 
 regular army. Assigned to 93rd Aero Squadron at Kelly Field, 
 Texas. Transferred to 9th Balloon Co.. Ft. Omaha, Nebraska. 
 Embarked from Newport News. Va., June 30, 1918, arriving at 
 Brest, France. July 13, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, and 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 3. 1919. discharged at 
 Camp Grant, 111., May 17, 1919. 
 
 ALDRICH, Mack Marston. (U Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. yi. J. A Id rich, Fairmont 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn. Aug. 27, 1896, and resident thereof 
 when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Oct. i, 1917, as private 
 in Medical Corps, regular army. Served at Jefferson Barracks, 
 Ft. Riley. Kansas. Ft. Sheridan, 111., and Ft. Oglethorpe, Ga. 
 Successively promoted corporal, sergeant, ist sertreant and com- 
 missioned 2nd lieutenant in Reserve Corps at discharge, Dis- 
 <:harged Dec. 6, 1918. 
 
 ALM, Fred Charles. (10) Private. Son of Charles 
 
 Aim, Chicago, 111. 
 Born at Worth, 111., July 6, 1894. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
 when inducted at that place Sei»t. 5. 1918. as private in infantry, 
 N. A. Assigned to 5th Replacement unit, Camp Grant, 111., and 
 transferred to 21st Co., Replacement troops. Camp Hancock, Ga. 
 Discharged at Camp Hancock, Ga., Jan. 29. 19 iQ* 
 
 ALSWORTH, Malcolm Cameron. (11) Private First 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. R. C. Alsworth, Sher- 
 bnrn, Minn. 
 Born at Slierhurn, Alinn., Dec. 3, 1896. Resident of Jay Twp., 
 Martin County. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
 2, igi8, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. I 54th Inf., 6th 
 Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., July 5. 1918. Arrived at Glasgow, Scotland, July 17, 
 1918. Engaged at Vosges and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to 
 V. S. June 10, 1 9 19. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 
 :8, 1919. 
 
 AMMANN, Gilbert J. (V:) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Henry \V. Animann, Monterey, Minn. 
 
 Born at Kankakee County, 111., Oct. 11, 1896. Resident of Cedar 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
 23, 1918, as private in engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
 Ga., and assigned to 13th Provisional Recrviit Co. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 ALEXANDER, Ivan Grant. (;V) Private. 
 
 Born July 16, 1893, at Willet. N. Y. Married, one child. Resi- 
 ■dent of Fox Lake, Minn, Inducted at Redwood Falls, Minn., 
 Oct. 23, 19 18, as private in infantry, N. A., and assigned to 
 388th Inf., 97th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged Dec. 14, 
 1918, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 ALLEN, Arthur Chester. 
 
 Sister of Mrs. 
 
 ceased. 
 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., 
 Minn., when enlisted at 
 
 ffi) Cook. Parents de- 
 Henry Ott, Sherbnrn, 
 
 April 2, 1885. Employed at Nebish, 
 Bemidji, Minn., April 291 191 8, as 
 private in infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to Co. C nth 
 Inf., 5th Div. at Douglas, Arizona. Transferred to Co. C 51st 
 Inf.. 6th Div., at Camp Forrest. Ga. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J. July 6, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 2^, 1918. 
 Engaged at Giradmers, X'osges and Meuse-Argonne. Keturnea 
 to U. S. June 12, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 
 20, 1919. 
 
 ALLEN, Harry. (7) Private. Parents deceased. 
 Born April 15, 1900, at Akeley, Minn. Served on Mexican 
 fcorder with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., 1916-17. Resident of Fair- 
 mont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 ■Guard, July 15, 1917. at Fairmont, Minn., as private in infantry, 
 N. G. Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, 
 N. M. Transferred to Bty. F 128th Field Artillery, 35th 
 Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918. 
 Arrived at St. Agnew, France, July 6, 1918. Engaged as follows: 
 St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne, Returned to U. S. May 2, 1919. 
 Discharged May 18, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 ALLEN, Leo. (8) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Will Allen, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born Aug. 14, 1896 at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
 
 Resident of Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, Minn., wlien 
 
 unlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 17, 1918, as private in infantry, 
 
 N. A. Assigned to Battery C 2nd Trench Mortar Battalion, Ft. 
 
 ANDERSON, Albert Ephriam. (13) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Aug. Anderson, Odin, Minn. 
 Born Dec. 17, 1892, at Will County, 111. Resident of Cedar 
 Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 May 27, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E 
 159'th Inf., 40th Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash., training also at 
 Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred to Co. C 126th Inf., 32nd 
 Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 8, 1918, 
 arriving at LeHavre. France. Aug. 25th, 19 18. Engaged in 
 Meuse-Argonne offensive. Arrived back in U. S. Feb. 1919. 
 and discharged Feb. 15, 1919- 
 
 ANDERSON. Alfred J. (14) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. John A. Anderson, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Dec. 5, 1896, at East Chain Twp.. Martin County, Minn. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., Jan. 7. 1918, as chauffeur in Air Service. Assigned to 
 830th Aero Sqaudron at Kelly Field. Texas. Transferred to 
 266th Aero Squadron at Seltridge Field. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J.. April 18, 1918. arriving at Brest, trance, April 28, 
 
 1918. Returned to U. S. May 6, 1919, and discharged May 20, 
 
 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 ANDERSON, Andrew Emil. (15) Son of Mrs. H. L. 
 
 Anderson, Eau Claire, Wis. 
 Age 26 when inducted. Resided at Sherburn, Minn., when 
 inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918. No further record. 
 
 ANDERSON, Andrew Leon. (16) Wagoner. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Anderson, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Will County, 111., June ig. 1892. Resident of Elm 
 Creek Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Feb. 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co, 
 L 351st Inf., 88th Div. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 
 Co. D 42nd Eng. Later to 45th Co.. 3oth Engrs. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J. Mav 10, igi8, arriving at Brest, France, 
 May 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. June i, 1919, discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 12, 1919. 
 
 83 
 
ANDERSON, Clifford Theodore. (1) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. ami Mrs. J. A. Anderson. Fairmont, Minn. 
 JJorn June 8, 1894 at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, and resi- 
 dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E 159th Inf., 
 40th Div. at Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred in France to 
 Co. C 126th Inf., 32nd Div. Embarked from llohoken. N. J., 
 Aug. 8, igi8, arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. 23, 1918. En- 
 gaged in Aleuse-Argonne offensive. Machine gun wound through 
 both legs, Oct. 8, 1918. Returned to U. S. April 2, 1919, and 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 5, 1919- 
 
 ANDERSON, Herbert Clarence. (2) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Victor Anderson, Granada, Minn. 
 r>orn March 17. 1892, at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, 
 Minn., and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 May 27. 19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 E 159th Inf., 40th Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Trained also 
 at Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred to Co. C 126th Inf., 32nd 
 Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Aug. 8. 1918, 
 arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. 25, 1918. Engaged in Meuse- 
 Argonne offensive. Returned to U. S. May 14, 1919, and dis- 
 charged May 22, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 ANDERSON, Hjalmar G. cn Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Anderson, Sherburn, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., Jan. 16, 1893. and resident of tliat 
 place when called to federal service from National Guard JuTy 
 15. I9'7. at Fairmont, Minn., as private in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
 ferred in France to Co. E ii6th Motor Supply Train, 41st Div., 
 later to Motor Truck Co. 438, Motor Su])i)ly Train, ist Corpis 
 Hq. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 19 18, arriving 
 at LeHavre, France, July 11, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 
 Crushed between trucks Oct. 8, 1919, three weeks in hospital. 
 Returned to U. S. July 5, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, July 12, 1919. 
 
 ANDERSON, Hjalmer M. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Andrew ,\nderson, Monterey, Minn. 
 Born at Cook County, 111., Feb. 3. 1896. Resident of Cedar 
 Twp., Martin Couuty, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 136th 
 Inf., 34tli Div. at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to 
 Battery F 19th Field Artillery, 5th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J. June 28, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, July 13, 1918. 
 Engaged at Vosges. St. MihJel and Toul. Returned to U. S. 
 July 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 29, 1919. 
 
 ANDERSON, Lloyd Raymond. (8) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. atid Mrs. Ed. Anderson, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Granada, Minn., Nov. 30, 1898. Resident of Granada, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Oct. 12, 19 18, as 
 private in infantry, S. A. T. C. Trained at LTniversity of Minne- 
 sota. Discharged Dec. 18, 19 18, at Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 ANDERSON, Nels Philip. (9) First Lieut., Medical 
 Corps. Son oi Air. and Mrs. N. P. Anderson, St. 
 Paul, Minn. 
 P.orn Aug. 9, 1891, at St. Paul, Minn. Married, three children. 
 Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when entered service. Two years 
 military training as cadet. U. of Minn. Enlisted at St. Paul, 
 Minn.,' as 1st lieut.. Medical Corps, June 23,^1917. Assigned to 
 Medical Corps Training Camp. Ft. Riley, Kansas. Trained at 
 Ft. Riley, commanding Co. No. 12. Transferred to Spruce 
 Production Division, Portland Oregon. Transferred to 40th 
 Div. Transferred to Ambulance Co. 32, 8th Sanitary Train, 
 8th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Nov. 27, 1918. Re- 
 called to Newport News, Va., two days later. Discharged Feb. 
 10, 1919. 
 
 ANDERSON, Thor Gustav. (10) Private. Son of 
 
 C. P. Anderson, Tranos. Sweden, where he was 
 
 born June 6, 1891. 
 Resident of Monterey. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn, 
 April 29, 19 18, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 350th 
 Ambulance Company, 313th Sanitary Train, 88th Div., Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa. Contracted tuberculosis in the service and sent 
 to Whipple Barracks, Arizona, for treatment at government 
 sanitarium. Discharged at Whipple Barracks May 21, 1919- 
 
 ANDROSS, Roy Lea. Ml) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John Andross. Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Granada, Minn., July 2, 1901, and resident thereof when 
 enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., June 5, 1918, as a private in 
 cavalry. Regular Army. Assigned to Machine Gun Troop, 314th 
 Cav,, at Ft. Bliss, Texas. Transferred to Trench Mortar Battery 
 at Camp Jackson. S. C. Discharged Jan. 11, 1919 at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa. Re-enlisted in Regular Army 
 
 ANTONSON, Albert Edwin. (\:1) Private. Son of 
 Mrs. Caroline Johnson, Holmstad. Sweden, where 
 he was born July 5, 1893. 
 
 Resident of Fairmont, ]\Iinn.. when inducted at Estherville, 
 Iowa, July 29, 19 18, as private in Engineers, N. A. Assigned 
 to Co. C 213th Engineers at Camp Forrest, Ga. Transferred 
 to Co. B 128th Engineers in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Sept. 30, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 13. 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. July 12, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, July 21, 1919. 
 
 ANDERSEN, James C. (5) Private First Class. 
 Son of Mrs. Jeanna Andersen, Gistrup, Denmark, 
 
 wliere he was born April 36, 1888. On visit to Denmark when 
 war was declared. Returned to U. S. to enter army. Inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., June 24, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. 
 Assigned to Battery D 332nd F. A., 86th Div., at Camp Robinson, 
 Wis. Iimbarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 16, 1918. Arrived 
 at LeHavre. France, Sept. 29, 19 iS. Returned to U. S. Feb. 20, 
 19 19. Discharged Feb. 28. 1919 at Camp Grant. 111. 
 
 ANDERSON, John Victor. (G) Corporal. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Peter Anderson. Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Elm Creek Twp., Martin County. May 20, 1896. Resi- 
 dent of Fairmont. Minn., wdien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, and from there to Camp Cody, N. M., where he was as- 
 signed to Co. C 109th Engineers, 34th Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 17. 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 
 5, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 26. 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, July 2, 1919. 
 
 ANDERSON, Lars A. (7; Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Anderson, Turin, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Fegen, .Sweden, Nov. 4, 1890. Resident of Pleasant 
 Prairie Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., May 2, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
 to Co. E 53rd Inf., 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., July 5, 1918, arriving at Cherbourg. 
 France, July 18, 1918. Engaged on \'osges Sector and in 
 Meuse-Argonne offensive. Naturalized in the army. Returned 
 to U. S. June 12, 19 19, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 June 21, 1919. 
 
 ANTONSON, Gustav. (13) Private. Son of Anton 
 Johansun, Huhnstad. Sweden, wlierc he was born 
 Sept. 27, 1896. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place 
 Sept. 5, 1918, as i)rivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 5th Co., 
 i6ist Depot Brigade, Camp Grant, 111. Discharged Dec. 11, 1918, 
 at Camp Grant, III. 
 
 ANTONSON, Ivar. ri4) Private. Son of Mrs. Car- 
 <dine lohnson, Hohnstad. Sweden, where he was 
 born Nov. S, 1891. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 
 25. 19 18. as private in Engineers. N. A. Assigned to Co. B 70th 
 Engineers at Ft. Douglas, Utah. Trained also at Camp Grant, 
 111. Discharged Dec. 21, 1918. 
 
 APPELQUIST, Henry Edmund. (15) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. C. G. Appelquist, Dunnell, Minn. 
 Born at Minneapolis, Minn.. Oct. 6, 1898. Resident of Dunnell, 
 Minn., when inducted Oct. 5. 191S. in S. A. T. C. at Gustavus 
 Adolphus College, St. Peter. jMinn. Discharged Dec. 14, 1918. 
 
 ARMSTRONG, Allen C. (K.) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Minnie Armstrong, Fairmont, Mmn. 
 Married. Employed at Jamestown, N. D., when inducted at 
 Fairmont, July, 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
 to Co. B 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Em- 
 harked from Newport News Va.. Aug. 30. 1918, arriving at 
 Brest, France, Sept. 13, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. In 
 Hospital Oct. 30 to Dec. 9, 1918. Returned to U. S. Dec. 31, 
 1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 21, 1919- 
 
 85 
 
J 
 
ARONSON, Anton, (l) Wagoner. Son of Aron 
 Larson, Unnayard, Sweden, where he was born 
 on Jan. 25, 1895. 
 
 Resident of Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, Minn., when 
 inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, igi8, as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. M 351st Inf.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Transferred to Co. C 43rd Engineers at Washington University, 
 D. C, later to 48th Co., 20th Engineers in France. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J.. May 22, 1918, arriving at Brest, France. 
 May 30, 1918. In advance sector, Chateau-Thierry and Lorraine, 
 June 10, to Nov. 11, 1,918. Returned to U. S. June 22, 1919' 
 and discharged June 28", 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 ATWOOD, Allen E. (:> ) Private. Son of Frank C. 
 Atwood, Duhith, Minn. 
 
 Born Sept. 15, 1897, at Xewton. Iowa. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
 at that place July 15, 19 17, as private in infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 to 103rd Trench Mortar Battery, 28th Div., in France and to 
 Co. E 316th Motor Transport Corps of 91st Div.. in Belgium. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 19 18, arriving at 
 LeHavre. France, July 12, 1918. Engaged at Chateau-Thierry, 
 Meuse-Argonne and Belgian Front. Slightly wounded, forehead, 
 high explosive, Sept. 21st, igi8. Gassed, two occasions. Returned 
 to U. S. April 20, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 May 7, 1919- Died at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 16, 1920 of 
 influenza. 
 
 AXFORD, Harold. (3) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. \V. Axford. Truman. Minn. 
 Born at Salisbury, England, Sejit. 18, 1893. Resident of Rutland 
 Twp., Martin County. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn. 
 June 25, 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. C 343rd 
 Inf., S6th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Co. L, 162nd 
 Inf., 41st Division, in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Sept. 14, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept, 21, 1918. 
 Returned to XJ. S. Feb. 22, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant, 
 III., March 13, 1919. 
 
 BAGLEY, Wellington Safford. (4) Private. Son of 
 Mrs. C. E. Bagley, Welcome, Minn. 
 
 Born at Welcome, Minn., Sept. 8, 1898, and resided when en- 
 listed at Minneapolis, Minn., July, 19 18, as private in infantry, 
 N. A. Had 4% years previous training at Shattuck Military 
 Academy, Faribault, Minn. Assigned to Co. 12, ist Regt., 
 U. of M., Minneapolis, Minn. Transferred to Officers Training 
 Camp at Camp Taylor, Kentucky. Discharged Jan. 24, 1919, at 
 Minneapolis. ^liTin. 
 
 BAILEY, Lynn R. (.>) Private. Son of F. E. 
 
 Bailey, Rockland, Idaho. 
 Born July 22. 1897, at Jackson. Minn. Resident of Ceylon, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, at 
 Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to 1 i6th Motor Dispatch; Purchasing 
 Department G. H. Q, and later to Co. B 132nd Engineers. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
 France, July 9, 1918. Served as dispatch rider between Service 
 of Supply Headquarters and the front with the 6th Div. during 
 offensives of October-November, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 
 IS. 1919. and discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Aug. 19, 1919- 
 
 BAIR, Franklin Albert, (fl) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. 1'". H. l^jair. Dunnell. Minn. 
 Born at LaPorte City, Iowa. July 1 7, 1894. Resident of Lake 
 Fremont Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Sept. 21, 191 7, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
 to Co. M 135th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
 ferred in France to Co. A. 166th Inf., 42nd Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 July 14, 1918, Gassed Aug. 2, 1918, in hospital 2 months. With 
 Army of Occupation. Returned to L^. S. April 25, 19 19. and 
 discharged May 12, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 BAKER, George Warren. (7) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. F. I). Baker, formerly of Martin County, 
 
 now of Pine City, Minn. 
 Born at Faribault County, Minn., August 15, 1886. Resident 
 of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
 ist, 1918, as private in aviation, N. A. Assigned to 144th Co. 
 I St Prov. Regiment at Vancouver Barracks. Wash. Served in 
 spruce production service. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Dec. 28, 1918. 
 
 BANKE, Leonard. (8) Sergeant. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John llanke, Dunncll, Minn. 
 Born Aug. 8, 1897, at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County. 
 On a visit in California when enlisted Jan. 19, 191 7, at Ft. 
 McDowell, Calif., as private in Quartermaster Corps, regular 
 
 army. Assigned to Motor Truck Co. 17 at Ft. Sam Houston, 
 Texas Served at Ft. Mcintosh, Texas, Camp MacArthur, 
 Texas, and Camp Normoyle, Texas. Discharged at Ft. Bayard, 
 N. M., March 27, 1920. 
 
 BAROWIAK, Joseph. (In Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 .Mrs, l-'rank Harowiak, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Silver Lake Twp.. Martin Cn\inty, Minn., Feb. 21. 1896, 
 and resident thereof when called to federal service from National 
 Guard on July 15, 191 7, at Fairmont, Minn. Assigned to Co. 
 E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to 
 Camp Cody Development Battalion after ten months in hospital 
 with pneumonia. Transferred^ to Supply Co., 388th Inf., 97th 
 Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged Dec. 14, 1918, at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 BARNES, Arthur Jordan. (10) Saddler. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. (irant liarnes, Truman. Minn. 
 
 Born Aug. 3, 1895, at Grand Mound, Iowa. Resident of Tru- 
 man, Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
 at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. K 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred to Supply Co., 124th F. A. in France. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. T., June 28, igi'S. arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 July 15, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
 turned to U. S. May 24, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 I(^wa, June 8, 1919. 
 
 BARNETT, Lynn Arthur, (ill Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. A. W. Barnett, Truman, Minn. 
 Born Aug. 5, 1887, at Fairmont, Minn., and resident thereof 
 when called to federal service from National Guard at that place 
 July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to Co. I 39th 
 Inf., 4th Div., in France, and later to Co. B, same command. 
 Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Oct. 12, 1918, arriving at 
 LeHavre, France. Nov. i, IQ18. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 
 19 19, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 13, 1919. 
 
 BARTLING, George A. (12) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Chas. Hartling:, Elk Point. Alberta. 
 I'.nrn at Maywood. 111., April 18, 1891. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, April 29, 1918, as a private 
 in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery C 338th Field Artillery, 
 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. A 19th 
 .Military Police, 19th Division, at Camp Dodge. Transferred to 
 Camp Provost Guard Co. at Camp Dodge, after demobilization 
 of the 19th Div. Continued on such duty until discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Oct. 9, 1919. 
 
 BARTO, Leroy A. ( L'; ) Private. Son of H. E. 
 
 Bartu. Fairmont, Alinn. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., 
 Aug. 22, 1917, as private in aviation. Regular Army. Assigned 
 to 63rd Aero Squadron, later changed to 475th Aero Squadron, 
 at Kelly Field, Texas. Also trained at Morrison, Va. Embarked 
 from Newport News, Va., Jan. 17, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, 
 Feb. 5, 1918. Returned to U. S. Dec. 11, 1918, and discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 27, 1918. 
 
 BARTO, Ralph. (14) Private. Son of H. E. Barto, 
 
 Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., June 5, 1900, and resident thereof 
 when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., July i, 1918, as pri- 
 vate in Medical Corps, Regular Army. Assigned to Medical 
 Replacement Unit No 2 at Camp Crane, AUentown, Pa. Trans- 
 ferred to Evacuation Hospital No. 5 in France. Embarked from 
 New York Sept. 9, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 26, 
 19 iS. Stationed on Champagne and Flanders fronts from Oct. 
 I. 1918, until Dec. 20, 1918. Returned to U. S. Feb. 17, 1919, 
 and discharged March 14, i9"9» at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 BASSETT, Glen. (15) Son of Mr. and Mrs. G. W. 
 
 Bassett, Sherbnrn, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., Dec. 15. 1894. Employed at Big Sandy, 
 Mont., when inducted at Ft. Benton, Mont., July 26, 1918, as 
 private in infantrv, N. A. Assigned to. Machine Gun Co, 335*^ 
 Inf., S4th Div.. at Camp Sherman, Ohio. Transferred in France 
 to Co. B 320th Machine Gun Battalion, 82nd Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 3, 19 18, arriving at LeHavrCj France, 
 Sept. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 6, 1919. and discharged 
 at Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming, May 23, 1919- 
 
 BASSETT, Osker. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Joe Bassett. Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born March 26, 1895, at Blue Earth, Minn. Resident of Ceylon. 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B 311th Eng., 86th 
 Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to camp unit at Camp 
 Grant, later to Spruce Div., employed in Maine forests. Trans- 
 ferred to camp unit at Camp Devens, Mass. Discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111., Dec. 31* 1918. 
 
 87 
 

BATES, Frank Raymond. ( 1 ) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Helen Bates. Davenport, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Palo Alto County, Iowa, Jan. i8, 1S87. Resident of 
 Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 
 
 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B., 109th 
 Eng., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Embarked from Iloboken, 
 N. J., Sept 17. 19 1 8, arriving at Liverpool, England. Sept. 30, 
 
 1918. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, July 2, 1919. 
 
 BATTERN, Norman Osborn. (2) Wagoner. Son of 
 
 Air. and Mrs. James Battern. Le Mars. Iowa, 
 where he was born July 29, 1888. Employed at Terril, Iowa, 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25. 19 18, as private 
 in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 3 1 ith Engineers, 86th 
 Div.. at Camp Grant. 111. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
 8, 1918. arriving at LeFJavre, France, Oct. 10, 1918. Returned 
 to U. S. June 27, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 July 5, 1919. 
 
 BECKENDORF, Edward C. (:i) Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Win. II. Beckendorf, Fairmont. 
 Minn. 
 
 Born May 26, 1896. at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Minn., 
 and resident tliereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L 351st 
 Inf., 88tli Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. I 
 i3otIi Inf. 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from 
 Hoboken. N. J., May 16, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 
 25, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
 May 15, 19 19, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 
 21, i9>9- 
 
 BECKENDORF, Ernest Henry. (4) Wagoner. Son 
 oi Mr. and Mrs. \Vm. H. Beckendorf. Fairmont. 
 Minn. 
 
 Born Feb. 5, 1893, at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
 Residence when entered service, Tenhassen Twp. Inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as a private in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Co. I, 136th Inf., 34th Div., Camp Cody. N. M. 
 Trained at Camp Cody. Transferred to Supply Co., 123rd 
 Heavy Field Artilery, 33rd Div., in France. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 19 18. Arrived at LeHavre, France, 
 July 12, 1918. Engaged in St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne 
 offensives. Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. 
 May 24, 1919- Discharged June 9, 1919, at Camp Dodge. 
 
 artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E, 5th Heavy Artillery, at 
 Camp Jackson, S. C. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111.. Jan. 
 5. 1919- 
 
 BENJAMIN, Thomas E. (9) Private. Son of W. A. 
 
 Benjamin, Cumberland, Wis. 
 Born April 26. 1895, at Maquoketa, Iowa. Married. Resided 
 at Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 
 13' 19'/. a^s private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D 351st 
 Inf., SSth Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Discharged for physical 
 disability at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 13, 1918. 
 
 BENNETT, Richard T. (loi Wagoner. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs, Thomas Hennett. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Dec. 24, 1892, at Algona, Iowa. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Fairmont, Minn., March 2, 1918, as 
 private in Coast Artillery Corps. Trained at Fts. Totten and 
 Star, New York. Transferred to Battery D. 58th Reg.. C. A. C. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. May 10. 1918. Arrived at 
 Brest, France, May 25. 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Gassed Nov. 8, 19 18. In hospital 4 months. Regi- 
 ment cited for accuracy and efficiency in destroying bridge at 
 Metz. Arrived in U S.. March 24, 19 19. Discharged at Ft. 
 Snelling, Minn., April 19. 1919. 
 
 BENTON, Loren WilHam. (11) Captain. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ralph W. Benton, Welcome, Minn. 
 
 Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County. Sept. 27, 1894. Resi- 
 dent of Welcome, Minn., when enlisted May 11, 19 17, at Ft. 
 Snelling, Minn., as private in infantry, Regular Army. Sent 
 to I St Reserve Officers Training Camp, Ft. Snelling, Minn., 
 May 17, 1917, and graduated therefrom as 2nd lieutenant. As- 
 signed to Co. L 350th Inf.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Transferred to 4th R. O. T. C. at Camp MacArthur, Texas, as 
 instructor. Twice promoted. Discharged at Camp MacArthur, 
 
 Texas. Dec. 12. 1918. 
 
 BERG, Arthur Eric. [V:i) Private, Son of Franz 
 Berg, Triumph. Minn. 
 
 Born Jan. 11, 1S97, at Ostersund. Sweden. Resident of Triumph, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918. as 
 private in engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest. Ga., but 
 never assigned. Discharged Nov. 12, 1918, at Camp Forrest, Ga. 
 
 BECKER, Lyle E. (5) Sergeant First Class. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Louis H. Becker, Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Granada, Minn., July 2, 1899, and resided when enlisted 
 at Minneapolis, Minn.. July 11, 1917, as private in the Medical 
 Corps, Regular Army. Assigned to 344th Ambulance Co.. jiith 
 Sanitary Train, 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 17, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 Oct. 5, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 1 , 1 9 19, and discharged 
 July 8. 1919, <it Mitchell Field, Long Island. 
 
 BECKER, Walter Joseph. (0) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Louis Becker, Sherburn. .Minn. 
 Born April 23. 1S94. at Jay Twp.. Martin County. Minn., and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25. 19 18, 
 as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. M. 351st Inf., 
 88th Div., Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. B. 130th 
 Inf., 33rd Div., at Camp Logan. Texas. Transferred to Co. A 
 108th Supply Train, 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., 
 May 16. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 26. 1918. En- 
 gaged at the Somme, Verdun, Meuse-Argonne and Troyan. 
 Gassed Oct. 30, 19 18. Returned to \J. S. May 22, 1919, and 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June i, 1919. 
 
 BECKER, William A. (7) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Air. and Mrs. Chris Becker, Northrop, Minn. 
 Born Sept. 29, 1891, at Cook County, 111. Resident of Rutland 
 Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 July 26, 1918, as a private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 B, 54th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, N. C. Trained at Camp 
 Wadsworth. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918. 
 Arrived at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Participated in Meuse- 
 Argonne offensive. Returned to U. S., June 26, 1919. Dis- 
 charged July 5. 1919. at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 BEHRENS, Henry G. C. (S) Private. Son of Fred 
 
 H. Bchrens. Granada, Minn. 
 Born June 5, 188S, at Wilton Center, III. Kmployed at Joliet, 
 111., when inducted at that place Aug. i . 1918, as private in 
 
 BERNDTSON. Johan Conrad. (13) Private. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Luuisa Berndtson, Gottenberg, Sweden, 
 
 where he was born May 8, i8g6. Resident of Triumph, Minn., 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as private in 
 infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. A, 361st Inf., 91st Div. at 
 Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 26, 
 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 27, 1918. Engaged at 
 Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Wounded by shrapnel in back and 
 gas (mustard) severely in Argonne. In hospital ten weeks. 
 Returned to U. S. Jan. 23, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 
 111., Feb. 5, 1919. 
 
 BIRD, Robert William. (14) Sergeant. Son of James 
 L. Bird, Aitkin, Minn. 
 
 Born Aug. ir, 1895. at St. James, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 6, 1918, as a 
 private in infantry. N. A. Trained at University of Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio, and Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Co. 
 A, Motor School, Camp Jackson. Transferred to Battery D, 
 i2th Reg. and Battery B 12th Reg., Field Artillery Recruit Depot. 
 Discharged Feb. 25, 1919, at Camp Jackson, S. C. 
 
 BLACHOWSKI, Peter Joe. (J5) Pri\»te. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Albert Blachowski. Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Lamont. 111.. Feb. 26. 1891. Resident of Pleasant Prairie 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
 25. 1918, as private in infantry. Discharged three days later at 
 Camp Grant, 111., for physical deficiency. 
 
 BLANCK, Carl G. (16) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Chris Blanck, Fairmont, Minn, 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 4, ^895. Resident of and inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 1918, as a private in engineers, N. 
 A. Assigned to Co. A 315th Eng., 90th Div., at Camp Travis, 
 Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 14. 1918. Arrived 
 at LeHavre, France, June 23. 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to L^. S. June 16, 1919. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 23, i9^9- 
 
BLEAKLEY, Joseph William. (1) Cook. Son of 
 
 J. L. Bleakley, Poplar Bluffs, Mo. 
 
 Born July 3, 1891. at Stoddard County. Mo. Resident of 
 Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Bloomington, III., Oct. _ 2, 
 1917, as cook in infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to Machine 
 Gun Co., 50th Inf.. at Syracuse, New York. Transferred to 
 Machine Gun Co., 90th Inf. at Camp Sevier, S. C. Discharged 
 March 25, 19 19, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 BORK, Albert Herman. (9) Chief Mechanic. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Herman H. Bork, Sherburn. Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., May 30, 1892, and resident of that 
 place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 30, 1918, as 
 private in artillery. N. A. Assigned to Batterv C. 38Sth Field 
 Artillery. SStli Div. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from 
 Camp Mills, N. Y., Aug. 18, 1918. Arrived at Tillsbury, Eng- 
 land, Sept. 9, 1918. Returned to U. S., Jan. 5, 1919. Dis- 
 charged Jan. 18, 1919. 
 
 BLENCOE, Claude Henry. (*J) First Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of H. H. hlencoe, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn., Aug. 29, 1892, where he resided when 
 called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
 July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Had served on Mexican 
 border in 1916-17 with Co. E 2nd Minn. Inf. Assigned to Co. 
 E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Promoted ser- 
 geant and assigned to 3rd Officers Training School at Leon 
 Springs, Texas. Jan. 4, 1918, graduating therefrom as 2nd 
 Lieutenant June d, 1919. Transferred to 3rd Replacement Regt. 
 at Camp Pike. Ark. Transferred to 159th Depot Brigade at 
 Camp Taylor. Ky. Assistant Camp Inspector at Camp Taylor. 
 Discharged Jan. 15, 19 19. 
 
 BOESCH, John Alfred. (3) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Anton Boescli, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born Sept. 23, 1897, at Blue Earth County, Minn. Resident 
 of Truman, Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., June 17, 
 
 1918, as private in Engineers, N. A. Assigned to Engineers' 
 training camp at Camp Humphreys, Va. Transferred to Co. E 
 217th Engineers at Camp Bureaugard, La. Discharged Feb. 10, 
 
 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 BOHNEN. George Fred. (4) Sergeant First Class, 
 Q. M. C. Son oi Air. and Mrs. Krcd liuhncn, Wel- 
 come, Minn. 
 Born Aug. 30, 1895, at Lester Prairie, Minn. Resident of Wel- 
 come, Minn., when inducted for general service at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Sept. 21, 191 7. Assigned to Co. C 109th Eng., 34th 
 Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transfened to Department of Utili- 
 ties, Quartermaster Corps, Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 3, 1919. 
 
 BORK, M 
 
 Airs. He 
 
 Born March 
 Twp., Martin 
 Feb. 25, 191 
 L 351st Inf., 
 Co. B 119th 
 Sept. 14, 191 
 insufficiency), 
 30, 1920. 
 
 ax David. (Ki) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 rman H. Bork. Sherbnrn, Minn. 
 
 3. 1895, at Sherburn, Minn., and resident of Jay 
 
 County. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 
 i. as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 
 88th Div., at Camp Dod^e, Iowa. Transferred to 
 
 Inf.. 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Discharged 
 
 8 at Mcpherson, Ga., for physical disability (mitral 
 
 , awarded total disability compensation. Died March 
 
 BORK, Theodore A. (11) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Da\'id Bork, Welcome, Minn. 
 
 Born Elm Creek Twp.. Martin County, Oct. 8, 1896. Resident 
 of Welcome, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 29, 1918, as a private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 22nd 
 S. A. R. D. at Camp MacArthur, Waco, Texas. Transferred to 
 Depot Service Co. No. 47 at LeMans, France. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 23, 1918. Arrived at St. Nazaire. France, 
 Oct. 6, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 5, 1919. Discharged July 
 14, 1919, at Camp Grant, III. 
 
 BOYCE, Harold J. (1^) Private First Class. Son of 
 Capt. and Mrs. W. R. Boyce, Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County, Minn., Feb. 20, 1897, 
 and resident thereof when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 
 14. 1917. as private in Signal Corps. Regular Army. Assigned 
 to Pittsburgh. Pa.. School for Radio Mechanics. Trained at 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., University of Texas. ^Austin, Texas, and Elling- 
 ton Field, Houston, Texas. Transferred to 354th Aero Squadron, 
 in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 15. 1918. 
 Arrived at Brest. France. Sept. 28, 1918. With Army of Occu- 
 pation. Returned to U. S., June 26, 1919. Discharged July 11, 
 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 BONEK, Emil R. W. ( -V) Cook. Son of Mrs. Ber- 
 tha Bonek, Wausau, Wisconsin. 
 Resident of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., 
 Sept. 6, 1917, as private in infantry. Regular Army. Sent to 
 Camp I'orrest, Ga., and assigned to Co. I 54th Inf., 6th Div. 
 Embarked from Brooklyn, N. Y., July 5, 19 18, arriving at Glas- 
 gow, Scotland, July 17, 1918. and in France a few days later. 
 Engaged at Vosges sector, and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. 
 S. June 10, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 21, 1919. 
 
 BOMBOY, Homer Day. (r.) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. D. !•'. Bonil.i03\ Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Dec. 9. 1892. at Avoca. Iowa. Married. Three years Na- 
 tional Guard training. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when called 
 to federal service from National Guard, July 15. 1917, as corporal 
 of infantry. Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf.. 34th Div. at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. A 144th Inf., 36th Div., at 
 Revigny, France. Transferred to nth Train Headquarters in 
 France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Oct. 12, 1918. Arrived 
 at LeHavre, France, Oct. 25, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 6, 
 1919. Discharged June 16, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 BOOSALIS, Gus A. (7) Private. Son of Athano- 
 sius K. Boosalis. Niata, Greece. 
 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 June 25, 1918, as a private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to 
 Battery B, 332nd Field Artillery, Camp Robinson, Wisconsin. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 17, 19 18. Arrived at 
 LeHavre, France, Sept. 30, 1918. Returned to U. S. Feb. 15, 
 igig. Discharged Feb. 28. 19 19, at Camp Grant, III. 
 
 BOOSALIS, Gus C. (S) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Airs. Catherine Boosalis, Niata, Greece, where 
 he was born Feb. 18, 1896. 
 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 
 28, 191S, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L 351st 
 Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 30th Mil- 
 itary Police Co., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked 
 from Philadelphia, Pa., May 11, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre, 
 France, May 27, 191 8. At the front in Kemmel Sector and 
 Meuse-Argonne offensive. Returned to U. S. April 11, 1919, and 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919. 
 
 BOYCE, William Rutherford. (1.3) Captain. Son of 
 
 John Boyce. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Rutland Twp.. Martin County, June 4, 1870. Married. 
 Served as commissioned officer in war with Spain 1898, on Mexi- 
 can border, 1916-1917, and 12 years in Minnesota National Guard. 
 Resident of Rutland Twp., Martin County, when called to federai 
 service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, 
 as captain of infantry. Commanded Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
 at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged on account of physical unfit- 
 ness for overseas service at Camp Cody, N. M., Dec. 4, 19 18. 
 Returned to Minnesota National Guard and promoted to major. 
 
 BOYNTON, Floyd R. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. C. R. Boynton, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Albert Lea, Minn., Dec. 22, 1895. Resident of East 
 Chain, Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
 Dec. r, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A 
 313th Ammunition Train, 8Sth Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Transferred to Battery E 319th Field Artillery, S^nd Div., Camp 
 Gordon, Ga. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 19, 19 18,, 
 arriving at LeHavre. France, June 4, 19 18. Engaged at St. 
 Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 13, 1919, 
 and discharged May 27, 19 19, at Camp Grant, III. 
 
 BRAUN, Edward Charles. (15) Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Braun, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Aug. 18. 1895, at St. Paul, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., July i, 1917, as 
 sergeant in Motor Transport service. Assigned to Motor Truck 
 Co. 130 at Ft. Snelling, Minn. Transferred to Motor Truck Co. 
 345 at Camp Grant, 111., later to Motor Transport Co. 743 at 
 same place. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., May 29, 1919- 
 
 BRADFISH, Walter James. (16) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Air. and Mrs. Fred Bradfish, Edgar, Wis. 
 
 where he was born Sept. 14, 1895. Resident of Fairmont, Minn.^ 
 when inducted at that place June 15, 1918, as private in Signal 
 Corps, N. A. Sent to University of Minnesota for training. 
 Transferred to Co. D 419th Telegraph Battalion. Signal Corps. 
 Embarked from Hoboken. N. J. Sept. 16, 1918, arriving abroad 
 Sept. 30th. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
 July 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 30, J919- 
 
 91 
 
^-ssat 
 
BRECHT, Arnold Williajn. (1) Sergeant. Mrs. 
 Anna Brecht, mother. '>\\ 15th Ave. S. E., Minne- 
 apolis, Minn. 
 
 Born Nov. 5, 1896 at Minnesota Lake, Minn., where he resided. 
 Called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
 July 15, 191 7, as a private in infantry, National Guard. As- 
 signed to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Trained at Camp Cody. Transferred to Co. A, I4rst Inf., 36th 
 Div. Transferred to Co. E Postal Express Service. Promoted 
 corpora! and sergeant. Embarked from Jersey City, N. J., Oct. 
 12, 1918. Arrived LeHavre, France, Oct. 27, 1918. Returned 
 to U. S. July II, 1919. Discharged July 27. 1919, at Mitchell 
 Field, Long Island. 
 
 BRINKMAN, Adolph George. CJ ) Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henry Brinkman. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp.. Martin County, Oct. 2, 1893. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Bar- 
 racks, Mo., March 18. 1918. as private in Coast Artillery Corps. 
 N. A. Assigned to C. A. C. at Ft. Moultrie, S. C. Transferred 
 to Camp Lee. \'a. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Dec. igiS. 
 
 BROCKMAN, George Paul. (9) Chauffeur. Son of 
 
 Mr. anil Mrs. Geo. E. Brockman, TriLimi)li. Minn, 
 
 Born Apr. 21, 1S93, at Fairmont, Minn. Resident of Clear 
 Lake, Iowa, when entered service. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 3. 1918. as private in N. A. Assigned to 2nd Detachment, 
 Army Service Corps at Camo LTpton, N. Y. Trained at Camp 
 Grant and Camp Upton. Transferred to Ilq. Rents, Requisi- 
 tions and Claims Department, Neuf chateau, France. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J., Nov. 10, 1918. Arrived LeHavre, France, 
 Nov. 24. 1918. Returned to U. S. July 19, 1919. Discharged 
 July 26, 1919, at Camp Mills, N. Y. 
 
 BROCKMAN, Ralph Raymond. (10) Corporal. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. C. K. Brockman. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County, Minn., Nov. 9, 1893. 
 Resident of Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn.. April 6, 1918 as a private in the National 
 Army. Assigned to LTniversity of Cincinnati. Ohio, training de- 
 tachment. Later assigned to Enlisted Ordnance Corps at Camp 
 Tackson. S. C. Discharged Feb. 22, 19 19. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 BRINKMAN, Henry William. (.3) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. llcnry Brinkman, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at West ford Twp., Martin County, Nov. 24, 1895. Resi- 
 dent of Rutland Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fair- 
 mont, Minn., Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent 
 to Camp Grant, 111., and first assigned to 5th Co. i6ist Depot 
 Brigade. Transferred to Machine Gun Training Center, at Camp 
 Hancock, Ga., training in 19th and 20th Companies. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 9. 1919. 
 
 BROCKMAN, Raymond S. (11) Private. Son ot 
 
 August Brockman, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born March 22, 1895. at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Minn., 
 and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 
 12, 1918. as private in Motor Transport Corps, N. A. Assigned 
 to Hq. Repair Unit 306 at Camp Holabird, Maryland. Severe 
 illness with pneumonia. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 
 25, 1 9 19. 
 
 BRINKMAN, Herman Henry, (4) Private. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Minnie Brinkman. Welcome, Minn. 
 Born July 14, 1895, at Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 
 19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B 54th 
 Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport 
 News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 
 19 1 8. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
 26, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1Q19. 
 
 BROCKMAN, Sidney M. ( 1:.M Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. C. E. Brockman. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County. Minn.. April iS, 1S92. 
 Resident of Rolling Green Twp., same county, when inducted 
 at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 2, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Co. G 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Co. A 308th Engineers. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J.. June 28, 1918. Returned safely and dis- 
 charged about May, 1919- 
 
 BRINKMAN, Julius. (5) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Alinnie Brinkman, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Martin County, Minn.. April 14, 1891. Employed at 
 Welcome. Minn., when inducted at Jackson, Minn^ July -6, 
 19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B 54th 
 Pioneer Inf. at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J.. Aug. 29, 19 1 8, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 
 12, 1918. In hospital Sept. 23 to Dec. i, 1918. Returned to U. 
 S. June 30, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 11, igiQ* 
 
 BRODT, Chester Henry. (J3) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Henry Brodt, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born Dec. 7, 1892, at Martin County, Minn. Married. Resident 
 of Manyaska Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Feb. 25, igi8, as a private in infantry. National Army. 
 Assigned to Co. L 351st Inf.. 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Transferred to Hq. Co., same command. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Aug. 15. 1918, arriving at Cherbourg. France, Sept. 6, 
 
 1918. Engaged at Haute-Alsace. Returned to U. S. May 31, 
 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 6, 1919. 
 
 BRIX, Fred George. (0) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. G. F. Brix, Yakima, Wash. 
 Born Feb. 25, 1893, at Otranto, Iowa. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont on Aug. 8. igi8, as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Trained at Camp MacArthur, Texas. As- 
 signed to Co. C 301st Inf., 76th Div., at St. Amand. France. 
 Transferred to Co. E, 55th Inf., 7th Div., at LeMans, France. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 23, 1918. Arrived at St. 
 Nazaire, France, Oct. 6, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 20, 1919. 
 Discharged June 28, 19 19. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 BROLSMA. Herman. (14) Private. Son of Jacob 
 Brolsma, Sherbnrn, Minn. 
 
 Born at St. Jacobi Parochea, Holland, April 4. 1894. Natural- 
 ized in the army. Resident of Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Aug. 26, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Training Co. 15 at Camp 
 Grant. 111. (Depot Brigade). Transferred to Co. M 6th Training 
 Battalion at Camp MacArthur. Texas, discharged at Camp Mac- 
 Arthur, Texas, Dec, 29, 1918. 
 
 BRIX, John Peter. (T) First Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 
 Lena C. Brix, Huntington. Iowa. 
 
 Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, Minn., April 12, 
 1898. Resident of Dunnell, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., April 6, 19 18, as private in Q. M. C, National Army. 
 Assigned to training department. LIniversity of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 Transferred to Battery A 8th Regt. Field Artillery Replacement 
 Depot, Camp Jackson, S. D. ; to Hq. Co., 42nd Field Artillery, 
 14th Div., Camp Custer, Michigan. Discharged Jan. 28, 19 19, 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 BRONSON, Hugh Edwin. (15) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Hugh F. Bronson, Sr., Bancroft, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Spencer, Iowa, Aug. i, 1898. Employed at Elmore, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 19 17, as private in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E 136th Inf.. 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 in France to 4th Co. Hqs. Battalion, General Hqs., Chaumont, 
 France. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving 
 at LeHavre, France, July 10, 1918. Returned to U- S. Sept. 5, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Sept. 13, 1919- 
 
 BROCK, Robert R. (8) Private. Adopted son of 
 
 Mr. ;ind Mrs. Dan Sturm. Granada, Minn. 
 Born July 23. 1897, at Wayne County, Iowa. Resident of Pleas- 
 ant Prairie Twp., Martin County, Minn., when enlisted under 
 his original name at Albert Lea, Minn., Jan. 16, 1918, as private 
 in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. D 33rd Engineers at Camp 
 Devens, Mass. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 23, 1918, 
 arriving at Brest, France. June 7, igi8. Returned to U. S. 
 June 5, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 12, 
 1919. 
 
 BROOKS, Dale Lowell, (id) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. C. L. Brooks, Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Burn Oct. I. 1898, at Newton, 111. Resident of Fairmont. Minn., 
 when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Nov. 7, 1917. as private 
 in air service, N. A. Assigned to 256th Aero Squadron, Camp 
 MacArthur, Texas. Embarked from Boston, Mass., June 15, 
 1918, arriving at Bristol, England, July ;, 1918. Returned to 
 \J. S. Dec. 8, 1918, and discharged Dec. 23, 1918. 
 
 93 
 
BROOKS, Wayne Donald. (1) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Chas. L. Brooks, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Newton, 111., Aug. 12, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Jeflferson Barracks, Mo., May 23, 1917. 
 as private in engineers. Regular Army. Assigned to Co. B 9th 
 Engineers, Ft. Bliss, Texas. Transferred to Battery C 62nd F. A. 
 Assigned to Field Artillery Central Officers Training Camp, 
 22nd Training Battery, at Camp Taylor, Ky., Oct. 10, 1918. In 
 training for commission when war ended. Discharged at Camp 
 Taylor, Ky. Dec. 16, 19 18. 
 
 BROUN, Percy Hamilton. (9) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. A. G. T. Broun, Sherburn. Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., July 29, 1893. Resident of Sherburn 
 when entered service. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 9. 
 1918. as clerk in the Adjutant General's Department. Tempo- 
 rally assigned to Co. D, ist Replacement Regiment of Engineers, 
 Washington Barracks, Washington, D. C. Transferred to the 
 office of the Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, Nov. 
 I, 1918. Discharged Jan. 15, 19 19, at Washington. 
 
 BROWN, Ernest G. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Harry P.rown, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born March 31, 1894, at Fairmont, Minn., and resident of that 
 place when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., July 15, 191S, as 
 private in S. A. T. C. Trained at Dunwoody Institute, Minne- 
 apolis. Discharged Aug. 5, 1918, at Minneapolis, Minn. Died 
 Nov. 10, 1918. 
 
 BRUTSCH, George Charles. (10) Private. Son of 
 
 ^[r. and Mrs. Conrad IJrutsch, Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, Feb. 18, 1900. Resi- 
 dent of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 Oct. II. 1918, as private in infantry, S. A. T. C. Assigned 
 to University of Minnesota for training. Discharged at Minne- 
 apolis, Minn., Dec. 17, 19 18. 
 
 BROWN, Harold Hubert. CD Private. Son of Air. 
 and Mrs. Wilber G. Brown, P'airmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Minn., March 4, 1889. 
 Resident of Rolling Green Twp. when entered service. Enlisted 
 at St. Paul. Minn., Oct. i, 19 18, as private in S. A. T. C. 
 Trained at Hamline University, St. Paul. Severe illness with 
 diphtheria while in service. Discharged at Ft. Snelling, Minn., 
 Dec. 21, 1918. 
 
 BROWN, Harold Lesko. (4) Private. Son of Mr 
 
 and Mrs. P. S. Brown, Ames, Okla. 
 Born at Maulnane, Kansas, April 5. 1893. Resident of Silver 
 Lake Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 June 25, 1918, as i)rivate in engineers. N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 F 31 ith Eng., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
 Hoboken. N. J. Sept. 14, 191S, arriving abroad Sept. 21. 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. June 27, 1919. discharged July 8, 1919 at 
 Camp Grant. III. 
 
 BROWN, Hume W. C > Sergeant. 
 
 Resident of Sherburn. Minn., when called at St. Paul, Minn., 
 Dec. 8, 19 1 7, as a private in aviation section, signal corps. Sent 
 to Kelly Field, Texas for training, and transferred to St. Paul, 
 Minn., for special training. Assigned to 15th Aero Scjuadron. 
 Hazelhurst Field, Minneola, L. I. Had an arm broken in a motor 
 cycle accident, resulting in permanently crippled hand. Dis- 
 charged Sept. II, 1919. 
 
 BROWN, Keith M. ((>) Corporal. Son of Frank A. 
 Brown, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born May 26, 1896, at Fairmont, Minn., and resident thereof 
 when called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont 
 July 15. 1917. as private in National Guard. Assigned to Co. E 
 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M., as mechanic. 
 Transferred to Quartermaster Corps at large at LeMans, France. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 19 18, arriving at 
 LeHavre, France, Nov. i, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 15. 
 1919, discharged July 26, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Re-en- 
 listed in general service, infantry, July 28, 1919. On recruiting 
 service at Aberdeen, S. D., one year. Discharged July 27, 1920. 
 
 BRUMMOND, Robert J. (T) Private. Parents de- 
 ceased. Born Nov. 13, 1S92. at Bancroft, Ne- 
 braska. 
 
 Resident of Rutland Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., March 5, 1918, as private in air service, N. 
 A. Assigned to to Wilbur Wright Armours Det., at Dayton, 
 Ohio. Transferred to 13th Aero Squadron, in France. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., June 22, 1918, arriving at Bordeaux, 
 France, July 4, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Returned to U. S. March 13, 19 19, and discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, April 2, 1919. 
 
 BROUN, Archibald Campbell. (S) Q. M. Sergeant, 
 senior grade. Son uf Mr. and Mrs. A. Ci. T. 
 Broun, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Sherburn. Minn., Jan. J9th 1892. Married. Served 2^2 
 years in Battery C ist Minn. Field Artillery, discharged with 
 grade of sergeant. Enlisted Oct. i, 19 18, at Duluth, Minn., as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to ist Co., i6ist Depot 
 Brigade, Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Utilities Department, 
 <3uartermastcr Corps, at Camp Grant. 111. Successively promoted 
 to Q. M. sergeant, senior grade. Discharged May 10, 19 19. 
 
 BUCHANAN, Jesse William, fll) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hinry liuchanan, Pearl, 111., 
 
 Born at Pearl, 111., June 6, 1894. Resident of Granada, Minn., 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 1918, as private in 
 infantry. Assigned to 352nd Ambulance Co. 313th Sanitary 
 Train, 8Sth Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. .T. Aug. 17, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 
 4, 1918. Engaged at Haute-Alsace. Returned to U. S. March 
 13, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., April 4, 1919. 
 
 BUCKHOLZ, Vincent A. Cl2) Corporal. Son of 
 
 .\uer. I'uckholz. l''airmont, Minn. 
 Horn at Rutland Twp., Martin County. Minn.. March 14, 1892. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 
 21, 1917. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F 135th 
 Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France 
 to Co. K 30th Inf.. 3rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, .Tuly 15, 1918. En- 
 gaged at the Aisne-Marne offensive. Vesle. St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. With Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 
 23, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 28, 1919. 
 
 BUGGY, George Francis. li:i) Chauffeur. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Richard Buggy, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Oct. 4, 1895, at Faribault County, Minn. Resident of 
 Fairmcnt, Minn., wlien enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Nov. 
 26, 1917, as private in aviation. Regular Army. Assigned to 
 124th Aero Squadron (later changed to 643d). at Kelly Field. 
 Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Jan. 13, 1918, arriving 
 at Brest. France, Jan. 28, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 18, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 30, 1919. 
 
 BURGESS, William J. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. J. L. Burgess, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Toledo, Iowa, May i, 1895. Served with Co. E 2nd 
 Minn. Inf. on Mexican border, 1916-17. Called to federal 
 service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn.. July 15, 1917, 
 as private in infantry. Failed to pass physical examination for 
 muster into U. S. service. Left at home ill when command moved 
 to Camp Cody. N. M. Died April 30, 1918 at his home in Fox 
 Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn. Illness causing death was 
 contracted in the service. 
 
 BURNS, Arlo E. (\:,) Private. Native of Iowa. 
 Born in 1890. Resided at Welcome when called to federal service 
 from National Guard at Fairmont Tuly 15, 1917. as private in 
 infantry. Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. Contracted rheumatism and other disabilities and 
 discharged for physical unfitness about January, 1918. 
 
 BURNSON, Cornell. (Hi) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Martha Burnson, Humboldt, Iowa, 
 Born at Humboldt, Iowa, March 3, 1892- Married. Resident 
 of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 25, 1918, 
 as private in artillery. Assigned to Battery A 331st Field 
 Artillery, 86th Div.. at Camp Grant. 111., and trained at Camp 
 Robinson, Wis. Discharged at Camp Grant, Dec. 31, 1918. 
 
 95 
 
BURTON, Leonard V. A. (1) Cook. Son of .Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Lennie Burton. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born April 2, 1S87, at Rolling Green Twp.. Martin County, 
 Minn. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that 
 place May 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
 to ist Co., _ist Bn., 166th Depot Brigade, Camp Lewis, Wash. 
 Discharged at Camp Lewis, Dec. 11, 19 18. 
 
 CARLBERG, John Helge. (9) Saddler. Son of 
 
 Adolpli G. Carllicrg. Lit, Sweden, where he was 
 
 born Oct. 1, 1890. 
 Resident of Triumph, Minn., wlien enlisted at .Jefferson Barracks, 
 Mo., .Tuly ^6. igi7. as private in infantry. Regular Army. As- 
 signed to Co. K 46th Inf., 9th Div. at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, 
 Ind. Transferred to Co. B, 26th Machine Gun Battalion, 9th 
 Div. at Camp Taylor, Ky. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Feb.- 18, 1919. 
 
 BUSH, George. (2) Private. Born in 1S93. 
 
 Resident of \\'interset, Iowa, when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., .Tuly 15, 1917, as private 
 in infantry. Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf., 24th Div., at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. Sent overseas in .Tune, 191 8, and transferred. 
 No further record. 
 
 BUTLER, Donald Emmons. (3) Private. Son ot 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. \V. H. Butler, Winnebago, Minn. 
 
 Married. Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Nov. 14, 1S93, 
 and resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 April 29, 1918. as private, general service. N. A. Assigned to 
 352nd Ambulance Co., 313th Sanitary Train, 88th Div.. at Camp 
 Dodge. Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 18, 191S, 
 arriving at LeHavre. France. Sept. 5, 1918. Engaged at Haute- 
 Alsace sector, and Tou! sector. Returned to U. S. June 4, 1919, 
 discharged June 15, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 BUTLER. Jesse Darwin. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. W. H. Bntler, \Vinnel)ago, Minn. 
 
 Born Jan. 28. 1888. at Nashville Twp., ^[artin County, Afinn.. 
 and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
 25. 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. B 119th 
 Inf.. 30th Div., at Camp Sevier. S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J.. June 20, 1918. arriving at LeHavre. I'Vance. July 6, 1918. 
 Engaged at Vpres Offensive, Bellicourt, and Arras from Aug. 31 
 to Nov. I, 1918. his division operating with the British. Returned 
 to U. S. April 2, 1919 and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 April 12, T919. 
 
 CARLSON, Amos. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. J. P. Carlson, Monterey. Minn. 
 
 Born in Buena Vista Co.. Iowa. May 9. 1896. Living at Mon- 
 terey, Minn., when inducted June 25, :gi8 at Fairmont, 
 Minn., as private in artillery. N. A. Assigned to Battery 
 D 332nd Field Artillery. 86th Div. Trained at Camp Robinson, 
 Wisconsin. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J.. Sept. 16. 191 8. 
 Arrived LeHavre, France, Oct. i. igi8. Returned to U. S. Feb. 
 15, 1919. Discharged Feb. 28. 1919 at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 CARLSON, Andrew. (11) Corporal. Son of Carl 
 
 Anderson, Wallby, Sweden. 
 
 Born at Wallby. Sweden. Feb. 7, 1893. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard on 
 July 15. 19 1 7, as private in infantry. Rejected on physical ex- 
 amination Aug. 15, 191 7. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
 25, 1918 as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 
 311th Eng-. 86th Div., and trained at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J.. Sept. 9. 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, 
 I'rance, Sept. 23, 1918. Underwent hernia operation in service. 
 Returned to U. S. June 27. 1919. Discharged July 28, 1919. 
 
 CARLSON, Carl Arvid. (I:i) Mechanic. 
 
 Parents reside in Sweden, where lie was born, date unknow'n. 
 Resident of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, 
 Mo.. July 26, 1917, as private in infantry. Regular Army. As- 
 signed to Co. A 45th Inf.. 9th Div., at Camp Sheridan, Alabama. 
 Transferred to Co. A 67th Inf. Discharged in February, 1919. 
 
 CAMPE, Oscar A. d) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Fred Campe, Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, May 3, 1897, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 8, 
 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D loth 
 Bn., ist Replacement Unit, Camp MacArthur. Texas. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 23. 19 18. arriving^ at St. Nazaire, 
 France. Oct. 6, 19 18. Returned to U. S. July 23, 19 19, dis- 
 charged at Camp Mills, N. Y., July 26, 1919. 
 
 CARLSON, Carl J. (i.-?) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Alfred Carlson, Mantorp, Sweden, where he 
 
 was born Sept 20. 1892. 
 Resident of Monterey. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 I\lay 19, 191S. as private in engineers. N. A, Assigned to Co. 
 L 34th engineers at Ft. Benjamin Harrison. Ind. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J., Aug. 16, 1918. arriving at Liverpool, Eng- 
 land. Aug. 28, 1918. Returned to \J. S. July 19, 19 19, dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. July 26, 1919. 
 
 CAMERON, Daniel Lown. (6) Private. Son of 
 
 James Cameron. Charles City. Iowa. 
 Born Sept. 8, 1892, at Reinbeck, Iowa. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service at 
 that place July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E 136th Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged 
 for disability at Camp Cody, N. M., Oct. 27, 1917. 
 
 CARLSON, David. (,H) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. J. A. Carlson, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Elm Creek Twp., Martin County. July 9, 1893. 3"<i resi- 
 dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and 
 assigned to Co. L 3 "; i st Inf., 88th Div. Transferred to Camp 
 Logan. Texas, and assigned to Co. M 132nd Inf., 33rd Div. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., May 15. 1918, arriving at 
 Brest, France, May 24, 1918. Engaged at Cambria front (with 
 British Army) and at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 
 17, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 26, 1919. 
 
 CAMPBELL, John Nelson. (7) First Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Alex Campbell, St. Paul, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Clinton, 111.. Sept. 1, 1892. Resident of Truman, Minn., 
 when commissioned 2nd lieut. in the \'eterinary Reserve Corps. 
 Assigned to duty at Hq. Central Department. Chicago. Later on 
 duty with 8th Field Artillery and 7th Ammunition Train. 31st Div. 
 Embarked from Camp Merritt, N. Y., Aug. 18, 1918, arriving 
 at Brest. France. Aug. 27. 1918. Returned to U. S. May 19, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dix. N. J., May 23, 1919- 
 
 CARLSON, Edward 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Carl C 
 Born at Elm Creek Twp., 
 Galena Twp., Martin County 
 Feb. 25, 191S. as private 
 Co. L 351st Inf.. 88th Div., 
 Co. M 132nd Inf.. 33rd Div. 
 from Hoboken, N. J., May 
 May 23, 1918. Engaged at 
 May 15, 1919, discharged at 
 
 Carl. (1.5) Private. Son of 
 
 arlson, Triumph, Minn. 
 
 Martin County, Minn. Resident of 
 . when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 
 in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 
 , at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked 
 16, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 26, 1919* 
 
 CANON. Clarence Holman. (8) Private. Son of 
 Rev. and Mrs. C. B. Canon, Winnebago, Minn. 
 
 Born at Rutland, Iowa, Jan. 21, 1894. Married. Resident of 
 Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. 
 Minn., July 26, 191 8. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
 to Co. B 54th Pioneer Inf. at Camp Wadsworth, N. C. Em- 
 barked from Newport News. V'a.. Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at 
 Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 
 Returned to U S. June 19, 1919, discharged August i, 1919. 
 
 CARLSON, Frank Nathaniel. (16) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. F. O. Carlson, Granada, Minn. 
 Bora at Chicago, 111.. March 21. 1896. Resident of Pleasant 
 Prairie Tw-p., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Sept. 6, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 
 5th Co. i6ist Depot Brigade. Camp Grant, 111. Serious illness 
 with influenza and complications. Discharged at Camp Grant, 
 ill., Dec. 12, 1918. 
 
 97 
 
fi^ 
 
CARLSON, George David (1) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Andrew Carlson, Granada. Minn. 
 
 Born Aug. lo. 1899, at East Chain, Minn. Resident of East 
 Chain when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. i, 1918, as a private 
 in Infantry, S. A. T. C. Trained at Hamline University, St. 
 Paul. Minn. Discharged Dec. u, 1918. 
 
 CARLSON, Johannes E. (2) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Lotta Larson. Il^■a. Sweden, where he was bora 
 
 Oct. 10, 1S8S. 
 Resident of Monterey, Minn., when inducted at St. James, ]\[inn., 
 July 24. 1918, as private in infantry. X. A. Assigned to Co. 
 H 54th Pioneer Inf. at Camj) Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked 
 from Newport News. \'a.. Aug. 29. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, 
 Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
 May 5. 1919. discharged May 28, 1919. 
 
 CATLIN, AUin, Jr. (ii) Sergeant. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Allin Catlin, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born Feb. 13. 1896. Waverly Twp., Martin County. Minn. Resi- 
 dent of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at that place Nov. 26, 
 1917, as a private in Air Service. Assigned to i ith Co.. 2nd 
 kegt.. Air Service Mechanics, at Camp Hancock, Ga. Trained at 
 Camp Hancock. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. March 4. 1918. 
 Arrived at LeHavre, France. March 17, igiS. Returned to U. S., 
 June 26. 1919. Discharged July 12. 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 CHAMPINE, Earl Wallace, (lo) Corporal. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. John Champine. Ceylon. Minn. 
 
 Born at Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County. Sept. 30, 1898. Resi- 
 dent of Ceylon. Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn.. June 
 27, 19 18. as private in ordnance corps. Assigned to ist Pro- 
 visional Ordnance Convoy Co., Camp Raritan, N. J. Made 6 
 trips with truck convoys between Detroit, Mich., and Raritan, 
 N. J. Discharged at Raritan .-\rsenal, N. J., June 9, 1919. 
 
 CARLSON. Reuben Clarence. (:;) Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. G, Carlson, Ormsby. Minn. 
 
 Born Sept. 18. 1895 at Wynet. 111. Resident of Galena township 
 when called to service. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 25, 
 1918. as private in engineers. National .\rmy. Assigned to Hq. 
 Det. 3iitli Eng.. 86th Div.. Camp Grant. HI. Trained at Camp 
 Grant. Transferred to Co. A 311th Eng.. 86th Div., at Bordeaux, 
 France. Embarked from New York, Sept. 9. igi8. Arrived 
 LeHavre. France, Sept. 23, 19 18. .\rrived in U. S., June 27. loiu. 
 Discharged July 8, 1919. at Camp Grant. 111. 
 
 CARLSON. William Herbie. (4) Private First Class. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. P. A. Carlson. Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 15. 1918. as private in Tank 
 Corps, N. A. Assigned to Auto Mechanics school at Purdue 
 University, La Fayette, Ind. Transferred to Co. .\ 305 th Bn., 
 Tank Corps, at Camp Colt. I'a. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Dec. 31, 1918. 
 
 CARROL, Michael J. (5) Sergeant Q. M. C. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Ed. Carrol, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Dwight, 111., May 7, 1890. In business at Huntley, Minn., 
 when inducted at Blue Earth, Minn., May 27, 1918. Assigned 
 to Quartermaster Corps at Camp Lewis, Wash., wliere he served 
 \\nt\\ discharged at that place June 27, 19 19. 
 
 CARROL, Patrick L. (0) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Ed. Carrol, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Highland. 111.. April 3. 1S97. Resident of Pleasant 
 Prairie Twp., when entered service, fnducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Oct. 22, 19 1 8, as a private in Engineers. N. A. Assigned to 
 13th Prov. Recruit Co.. Eng.. Camp Forrest, Ga. Trained at 
 Camp Forrest. Discharged Jan. 7, 1919 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 CHAMPINE, Percy Lee. (ll) Private. Son ol Mr. 
 and Mrs. L. E. Champine, Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Burn at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, May 18, 1897, and 
 resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 
 15. 1918, as private for ambulance driver, N. A. Assigned to 
 ambulance service at V. of M.. Minneajiolis, Minn., for training, 
 later transferred to Camp Crane, Allen town. Pa. Discharged 
 Dec. 26, 1918. 
 
 CELANDER. Venner A. (ixM Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Oscar Celander. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Resident of Rolling Green Twp.. Martin County. Minn., when 
 inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Sept. 5. 1918. as private in Inf., 
 N. A. Assigned to Motor Machine (iun School at Camp Han- 
 cock, Ga.. transferring to Camp Penning, Ga. Chauffeur to com- 
 manding officer during entire period of service. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 25, 1919- 
 
 CHENEY, Frank. (Li) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Ezra Chenej', Truman. Minn. 
 Born Dec. ^4, 1895. at Watonwan County. Minn. Resident of 
 Truman. !Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. May 2, 1918, 
 as jtrivate in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Mobile X'eterinary 
 I'nit No. 6. 6th Division, at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J., July 7, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 July --. 1918. Engaged at Haute- Alsace Sector and Meuse- 
 .\rgonne. Returned to U. S. June 30, 1919, and held in service 
 fur medical treatment account of physical disability. Discliarged 
 at Ft- Sheridan, 111., Feb. 14. 1919. with disability 25 per cent. 
 
 CHESLEY, Albert B. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Geo. M. Chesley. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born Aug. 1 1, 1900. at Manyaska Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
 Resident of Rolling Green Twp., same county, when enlisted at 
 Minneapolis. Minn., Oct. 11, 1918, for aviation mechanic in S. 
 A. T. C, at University of Minnesota. Discharged Dec. 18, 1918 
 at Minneai^olis. Minn. 
 
 CARPENTER, Lloyd Abraham. (7) Corporal. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Lee Carpenter, Webster, S. D. 
 Born at Lattimer, Iowa, May i8. 1890. Married. Resident of 
 Fairmont. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 
 1918. as private in Field Remount Service. N. .\. Trained at 
 Dun woody Institute, .Minneapolis. Minn. Assigned to 345 th 
 Field Remount Squadron, at Camp Johnson, Jacksonville, Fla. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Oct. 10, 1918, arriving at Liver- 
 pool, England. Oct. 26. 19 18. Athletic instructor, .\ssigned to 
 -an army athletic show that appeared in rive European countries. 
 Returned to U. S. June 6, 19 19, and discharged at Camp Lee, 
 \'a., June 10. 1919. 
 
 CARVER, Walter Forest. (S) Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Car\cr, Ce\l(m, Minn. 
 
 Born at Castania, Iowa, June i8th, 18S9. Several years National 
 Guard service. Served on Mexican border with Co. E 2nd Jlinn. 
 Inf., 19 16-17. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when called to 
 federal service from National Ciuard on July 15, 1917, as a 
 sergeant in infantry. .Married wliile in service at Camp Cody, 
 N. M. Assigned to Co. E i36tli Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, 
 N. M. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., April 6, 1918. Arrived 
 at Brest, France, April 16. 191 8. Transferred to 41st Div. O. 
 il. C. at St. Aignan. I'rance. Transferred to .:\rmy Candidate 
 School at Longres, France, and commissioned 2nd lieut. Sept. 25, 
 1918. On detached service with 88th Div. Assigned as instructor 
 at Army Candidate School. Longres, France. Oct. 21, 1918. As- 
 signed to Co. .\ 350th Inf., SStli Div. Engaged against the 
 enemy on Bel fort Sector. Returned to U. S. April 16, 1919. 
 Discharged April 24. 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 CHRISTIAN, George S. (!>) Master Signal Elec- 
 trician. Son of Mr. ami Mrs. John Christian, Co- 
 loma, Wisconsin, 
 liorn Sept. 24. 1892, at Coloma, Wis. Resident of Truman, Minn., 
 when enlisted at Minneapolis, May 4, 1917, as private in aviation 
 service, I^egular Army. Assigned to 4nth Aero Squadron and 
 trained at Kelly Field, Texas, and Mt. Clemens, Michigan. Trans- 
 ferred to 169th Aero Squadron at Dallas. Texas. Successively 
 promoted corporal, sergeant, and master signal electrician. Km- 
 harked from Hoboken, X. J.. Keb. 16, 1918. Arrived at Liver- 
 pool, Kngland, March 4, 1918. Served at Andover, England, 
 Airdrome and School of Xaval Aviation and Bomb Dropping 
 from March 4. to julv 20, 1918. Arrived LeHavre. France. 
 Tulv 23, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-.Vrgonne. 
 Returned to U. S. May i, 1919. Discharged May 21, 1919, at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 CHRISTIAN, Joe W. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John Cliristian, Coloma, Wisconsin. 
 Born at Coloma, Wis. Oct. 6, 1894. Resident of Waverly Twp., 
 Martin Countv, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
 1918. as private in infantry, X. .\. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., 
 and assigned to Co. C, 341st Inf., 86th Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. L, Aug. 28, 1918, arriving at Liverpool Sept. 9. 
 1918, and in " France a few days later. Soon after reaching 
 France he was sent to the front with replacement troops and 
 joined Co. F 354th Inf.. 89th Div., In the Argonnes. Severely 
 gassed (mustard) in Argonnes Oct. 25, 1918. In hospital 3 
 months. Returned to V. S. March 25, 1919, discharged April 
 25, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 99 
 
CHRISTIAN, O. C. (1) Private. 
 
 IJurii in 1894. Resident of Frost. Minn., when called to federal 
 service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. 
 as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
 at Camp Cody. N. M. Sent overseas in June, 191S and as- 
 signed to another command. Xo further record. 
 
 M. L. (::;) Sergeant. 
 
 CHRISTENSEN, Andrew 
 
 Widower, one child. 
 Born Nov. 6, 1892, at Silkeborg. Denmark. Resident of Fair- 
 mont. Minn., when inducted at that place April 6. 191S. as private 
 in air service. N. A., hut assigned to Ordnance Corps. As- 
 signed to Battery A, 12th Regiment, Field Artillery Replacement 
 Depot, at Camp Jackson, S. C, after training at University of 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. Discharged Feb. 6, 19 19. 
 
 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to recruit 
 training unit at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Discharged on account 
 physical disability Aug. 10, igi8. 
 
 CLIFFORD, Henry William. (10) Private. Son of 
 
 Air. and Mrs. James Clifford, Guckeen. Minn. 
 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp.. Martin County, Minn., July 30, 
 i8g6. Resident of Guckeen. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., June 25, igi8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
 to Co. B 344th Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred 
 in France to Co. C 317th Inf., Soth Div. Embarked from 
 lioboken. N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
 Sept. 22, 1918. Engaged at Verdun front, Oct. 24, 1918. Re- 
 turned to U. S. Dec. 16, 1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Jan. II, 1919. 
 
 CHRISTENSEN, Iven Helmer. (a) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Christensen, Ormsby, Minn. 
 
 Born at Martin County. Minn., Oct. 9, 1895. Resident of Fair- 
 mont, Minn., when inducted at that place April 29, 19 18, as 
 private, N. A. Assigned to Co. E 313th Supply Train, 88th 
 Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Aug. 24, 1918, arriving abroad Sept. 5, 1918. Dislocated hip in 
 line of duty. Returned to U. S. Dec. 20, 1918. and discharged 
 Jan. 1 1, 1919. 
 
 CHRISTENSEN, Jens Andreas. (4) Private First 
 Class. Son of Mrs. Anna Christensen, Bryriip, 
 Denmark. 
 
 Born at Funder, Denmark, May 17. 1S91. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as private in 
 infantry, N. .\. Assigned to Co. B 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp 
 AVadsworthj S. C. Embarked from Newport News, \'a., Aug. 29, 
 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12. 1918. Engaged at 
 Meuse-Arponne. Returned to U. S. June 28, 1919. discharged 
 at Camp Grant, 111., July 5, 1919. 
 
 CHRISTIANSON, Harold Edwin. (.5) Corporal. 
 
 Si.m of Air. and Mrs. John Christianson. Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Dec. 31, 1896, resided there wlien in- 
 ducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. u, 1918, as private in Motor 
 Transport Corps, Regular Army. Assigned to Co. F 2nd Bn., 
 at Indianapolis, Indiana, Discharged December 11, igiS. 
 
 CLAUSEN, Axel R. C. (6) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Hans J. Clausen, Rocliester, Minn. 
 
 Born at Goldfield. Iowa, Dec. 27, 1894. Resident of Rolling 
 Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 June 24, 19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Ilq. 
 Co., ,Hist Inf., 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred 
 in France to Advance G. H. O. as military police. Embarked 
 from lioboken, N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 Sept. 26, 1018. Returned to U. S. July 10, 19 19, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 16, 1919. 
 
 CLEMETSON, Theodore. (7) Private First Class. 
 
 Sun of Mr. and Mrs. E. Clemctson, l-'reeborn, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Freeborn, !Minn., Aug. 20, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place May 27, 1918, as private in 
 artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery C 39th Field Artillery 13th 
 Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 March 5, 1919 
 
 CLIFFORD, Edwin Joseph. (8) Private. Son of 
 
 Air. and Mrs. James Clitford, Guckeen, Minn. 
 Born Nov. 14, 1896, at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, 
 Minn., and resident thereof when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., 
 Aug. 15, 19 1 8, as private (student mechanic), Regular Army. 
 Assigned to 2nd Co. at University of Minnesota, for training. 
 Transferred to Co. 2, Ordnance Camp, at Penniman, Va. Dis- 
 charged Jan. 22, 1919. 
 
 CLIFFORD, Frank M. (») Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Airs. James Clifford, of Guckeen, Minn. 
 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, Sept. 24, 1S89, 
 and resident tliereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 
 COLE, Vernie Russell. (U) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. T. C. Cole, Truman, Minn. 
 Born at Minnesota Lake, Minn., March 20, 1891. Resident of 
 Truman, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 15, 
 191S, as private in infantry, N. A. Originally assigned to Tank 
 Corps, at Camp Colt, Gettyshurg. Pa. Transferred to Co. G 12th 
 Depot Bn., Camp Alfred Vail, X. J. fJischarged Jan. 22, 1919. 
 
 CONLIN, Arthur. (1:2) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Nick Conlin, Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Born at Erwin. Iowa, .Sept. 10, 1895. Resident of Lake Belt 
 Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont., Minn., Feb. 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L 3Sist 
 Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Tarnsferred to Co. B 1 :gth 
 Inf., 20th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J.. May II, 1918, arriving at Callias, France, May 30, 1918. 
 Engaged at Belcourt. Cambria and St. Quentin. .-Mso on lines in 
 Ypres sector, Belgium. Partook of all battles and campaigns of 
 30th Div. Wounded by rifle bullet through right lung, coming 
 out at left of spine under left shoulder, Oct. 18, 1918. In 
 various hospitals in France, England and U. S. until discharged. 
 Returned to U. S. Dec. 23. 1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Feb. 15, 1919. 
 
 COOK, Burns Elwood. (i:i) Private. Son of Alonzo 
 
 S. C.r.k. 
 Lived in family of .\. N. Fancher, Center Creek Twp., Martin 
 County, where he was born May 29. 1895. Resident of Center 
 Creek Twp., when enlisted in Maj;, 1917, at Denver, Colo. 
 Sent to Camp Kearney, Calif., and assigned to Co. C, 157th Inf., 
 40th Div. Embarked in May, 1918. No information as to 
 engagements and dates but he was severely gassed in July, 1918, 
 and wounded the following month. Recovered from his injuries 
 and after demobilization of his command re-enlisted in the Regu- 
 lar .\rmy. Still in service Sept. i, 1920. 
 
 COOK, Donald H. (14) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of -Mrs. -Vgnes M. Cook, Fairmont. .Minn. 
 Born Nov. 9, 1891, at Amboy, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 24, 1918, as a private 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 349th Inf., Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. Transferred to Co. A, 32nd Eng., Camp Grant. 111. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., June 15. 191S. -Arrived at Brest. 
 I'"rance. June 22, 1918. Returned to U. S.. June 9, 1919. Dis- 
 charged June 17, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 COOK, Walter Kieth. (15) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Walter C. Cook, Pulaski, Iowa. 
 Born at Dubuque, Iowa, April 6, 1896. Resident of Granada, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
 ferred in France to Co. M 39th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 Nov. I, 1918. With .Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. 
 Aug. 6, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .Aug. 13, 1919- 
 
 CORDES, Carl G. (Hi) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John Cordes, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Sept. 3, 1893, at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at_ Fairmont on 
 May 17, 191S, as a private in engineers, N. .\. -Assigned to Co. 
 -M, 34th Eng., at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Indiana. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 16, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, 
 France, Sept. 3, 1918. .Arrived in U. S. July 27, 1919. Dis- 
 charged Aug. 4, 1 9 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 101 
 
CORDES, Henry Herman. (1) Private. Son of .Mr. 
 and Mrs. John Corcles, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born .-\pril 24. 1898, at Pleasant Prairie Twp,. Martin County. 
 Minn. r<tsident of Pairmont, Minn,, when enlisted at Fairmont. 
 Minn., March 2S. 1918, as piivatc in Coast .\rtillery Corps. 
 Assigned to 67th Field .\rtillery at Ft. Scott, Calif. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., .\ug. 26. 1918. arriving at Brest. F'mnce, 
 Sept. 3, 1918. Was on transport .Mt. X'ernon when torpedoed 
 off French Coast, Sept. 3, 1918. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, March 20. 1919. 
 
 CORY, Keith E. c.'i Private First Class. Son of 
 
 .Mr. and -Mrs. Geo. .A. Corj-, Fairmont, .Minn. 
 Born at that place May 9, 1902 and resident thereof when en- 
 listed July 2, 1908, at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., as private in 
 Quartermaster Corps, Regular .\rmy, .Xssigned to 321st Mobile 
 Laundry Unit at Washington, f). C. Embarked from Hoboken. N. 
 J., SciJt. 1. 191S, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 13. 1918. Re- 
 turned to U. S. July 12, 1919 and discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, July 19, 1919. .-\ge at enlistment 16 years, i month and 
 23 days. The youngest soldier enlisted from Martin County. 
 
 CORY, Quimby A. (P,) Private. Son of .Mr. and 
 Mrs. Geo. .A. Cory, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at F'airmnnt, Minn., May I. 1899, and resided when enlisted 
 at I'^airmont. .\'ov. 24, 1917, as private in aviation. Regular Army. 
 .Assigned to 607th .\ero .Squadron. Ft. Wayne, Detroit, Mich. 
 Transferred to San .\ntonio, Texas. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Jan. 2^, 19 19. 
 
 CULSHAW, Robert, c.i) Corporal. Born in 1896. 
 
 Served with Co. I'- 2nd Minn. Inf., on Mexican border in 1916-17. 
 Resident of Wells, ^linn., when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at Fairmont, Miiui.. July 15, 1917, as corjjoral in 
 infantry. .Assigned to Co. E 136th Inf., 34th Oiv.. at Camp Cody, 
 N. M. Went overseas in Oct., 1918. Was there transferred to 
 another command. Returned and discharged in summer of 1919. 
 No further record. 
 
 CURRIER, Cyrus P. (Hi) Private. Son of C. W. 
 Currier, Wauna, Oregon. 
 
 Born May 10, 1896. at Buffalo, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., and inducted at that place May 17, 1918, as private 
 in engineers. N. A. .Assigne'd to Co. A, 34th Eng., at Ft. Ben- 
 jamin Harrison, Ind. Transferred to Co. M 34th Eng. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken. N. J., .Aug. 16, 1918. .Arrived at LeHavre, 
 France, Sept. 3, 1918. Returned to U. S., July 27, 1919. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 4, 1919. 
 
 CURTIS, Thomas Henry. (11) Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of ilr. and -Mrs. B. H. Curtis, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Jan. 5, 1888, resided there when en- 
 listed at that place March 9, 1918. as private in aviation section, 
 signal reserve corps. i\'. A. .Assigned to school of military 
 aeronautics at .Atlanta, Ga. Transferred to Cam 1 Dick, Dallas, 
 Texas, and later to Kelly I-'ield, Texas, where he was commis- 
 sioned. Remained on dutv at Kelly Field until discharged at 
 that place Feb. 3, 19 19. 
 
 COULT, Lyman Harris. (4) Private. Son of .Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. J. H. Coult, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., March 2, 1900, and resided when en- 
 listed at Minneapolis, Minn., Oct. 15, 1918, in S. A. T. C. 
 Trained at University of Minnesota. Discharged at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., Dec. 18, 1918. 
 
 CRAIG, Claude A. (5) Sergeant. 
 
 Born ill 1894. SLTved on Mexican bonier in 1917-18 with Co. 
 E 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of (Juthrie. Okla., when called to 
 federal service from Xational Guard at Tairmont, Minn.. July 
 15, 1917. as sergeant in infantry. Assigned to Co. E i36lh Inf., 
 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, X. M. Went overseas in Oct.. 1918, 
 transferred to another command. Xo further record. 
 
 CRONIN, Earl. ((>) Private. Parents deceased. 
 
 r.orn at lUirlin^tini. X. J., July 1. 1895. Fiesident of Fair- 
 mont. Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service 
 at that place July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred 
 to 109th Field Signal Battalion, 34th Div., and later on account 
 of physical disability to Development Battalion, Camp Cody, N. 
 M. Discharged for disability at Cami) Cody, N. M., Aug. 13. 
 19 18. Awarded compensation for disability in line of duty and 
 patient in government hospital for several months after discliarge. 
 
 CROOKER, Harold Nason. (7) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Crocker, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairnunt, Minn., Oct. 24, 1897. Employed at Washing- 
 ton, p. C., wlien inducted at Washington, D. C, Sei)t. 2, 1918, 
 as private, general service, 5,'. A. Assigned to jra Casual De- 
 tachment, 155th Depot Brigade, at Camp Lee. \'a. Transferred 
 to Chemical Warfare Service, Research Laboratories, at \Vash- 
 ington, D. C. Engaged in studying and perfecting gasses for 
 offensive purposes, labor which involved being gassed more or 
 less seriously almost daily. Discharged Dec. 18, 1918, at Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 
 CROOKER, Sylvan Jay. (8) First Lieutenant. Son 
 
 I'f Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Crooker, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn., July 3, 1893. Resident of Wash- 
 ington. D. C, em iloyed by the Bureau of Standards, when com- 
 rnissioned from civil life as first lieutenant July 18, 1918. As- 
 signed to the Signal Corps and engaged in important duties in 
 the Radio Laboratories at Camp Alfred \'ail. X. J. Author of 
 technical publications adopted as text books by the war depart- 
 ment. Assisted in the perfection of wireless telephone apparatus. 
 Discharged Feb. i, 1919. and immediately re-employed by the 
 government in the same lines of research. 
 
 DAFFER, Freeman Walter. {]2) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John I. Daffer, F'airm.int, Minn. 
 I'..»rn Feb. 5, 1S96. at Dell Rapids, S. D. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when enlisted May 10, 1917, at JetTerson Barracks, Mo., 
 as private in Regular Army. Assigned to Co. F, 2nd Engineers, 
 2nd Div. Trained at Camp Baker, Texas. Transferred to the 
 30th Engineers in France and later to the tank service. Em- 
 barked from Xew York. Sejit. 10. 19 17, arriving abroad Oct. 4, 
 1917. In action with army troops at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Returned to V. S. in April, 19 19, and discharged at 
 Camp Grant, III., April 23, 1919. 
 
 DAFFER, Ray Harold, (i;:) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Jolm I. IJaffer, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born April 8, 1892, at Dell Rapids, S. D. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B. 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp 
 Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Xewfjort News. \'a., Aug. 28, 
 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 11, 1 9 1 8. Engaged in 
 Meuse-Argonne offensive. Evacuated for illness Oct. 22. 1918, 
 five months in hospital. Returned to U. S. .April 18. 1919 and 
 discharged for disability April 28, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 DAHNKE, Louis A. (14) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
 h'rieda Dahnke. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Sept. i. 1888. Previously 
 served three years in the Regular Army. Served in China and 
 made trip around world. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Jtme 25, 
 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. H 341, S6th Div., 
 at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J., Sept. 2, 
 19 18, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 21, 19 18. Returned 
 to U. S. May. 19 19, discharged May 22, 1919. at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 
 
 DAMGAARD, John Theador H. (Lj) Private. Par- 
 ents deceased. 
 Born at Lemvig. Denmark, April 16, 1S96. Resident of Rolling 
 Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 June 25, T918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 D 343rd Inf., 86th Div.. at Camn Grant. 111. Transferred in 
 France to Co. L 162nd Inf., 41st Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 X. J., Sept. 14, 1918, arriving abroad Sept. 21, 1918. Returned 
 to U. S. Feb. 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., March 
 31. 19 19. 
 
 DAMMANN, Christian John. (16) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and .Mrs. C. \V. Dammann, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Alay 25, 1900, at Jackson, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn.. Oct. 14. 1918, as private 
 in S. A. T. C. at Hamline University, St. Paul, Minn., where he 
 was discharged Dec. 16, 1918. 
 
 103 
 
~] 
 
DAMMANN, Henry, (l) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. C, W . Danimann, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Jackson, Minn., Aug. i. 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 that place July 15. 191 7, as private of infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred 
 in France to Co. D 11 6th Motor Truck Train, 41st Div., later 
 to Group D, Sec. 15. Repair Unit 328 Motor Transport Corps. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, X. J.. April 6. 1918, arriving at Brest, 
 France. April 15, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel offensive. Re- 
 turned to U. S. July 12, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
 July 24, 1919. 
 
 DANIELS, Earling Blaine. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and ]\Irs. Wm. M. Daniels. Elk City, Oregon. 
 
 Born at Faribault County, Minn., Jan. 18, 1894. Resident of 
 Ouckeen. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 
 25, 19 1 8. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 
 343rd Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Ho- 
 token, X. J., Sept. 13, igrS, arriving at LeHavre. France, Sept. 
 28, 191S. Returned to U. S. Dec. 21, 1918, and discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 11. 1919. 
 
 DAVEY, Louis Edward, ( :; ) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. H. I. Davey. Welcome. Minn. 
 
 Born Oct. 29, 1896, at Pickering, Mo. Resident of Fox Lake 
 Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at St. I'aul. Minn., Aug. 
 15, 1918. as private in ordnance corps. Regular Army. Trained 
 at State Farm School, U. of M., Minneapolis. Minn. Served 
 three months at Camp Penniman, Va., and three months at 
 C"anip Robinson, Wis. Discharged at Camp Robinson, Wis., 
 Ai>ri! 12, 1919. 
 
 DAVIS. Clarence Edgar. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. J. M. Da\ is, Ceylon. Minn. 
 
 Born at Green Hill, Ind., in 1888. Employed at Rochester. Minn., 
 when inducted at that place July 24, 1918, as private in infantry. 
 N. A. .\ssigned to Co. H. 3rd Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, 
 S. C. Embarked from Xewport Xews, \"a.. .\ug. 30. 1918, ar- 
 riving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Regiment was attached 
 to the First French Army and engaged at Meuse-.Xrgonne, for 
 which it was cited by the French government. Returned to U. S. 
 July 2;^, 19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 6, 19 19. 
 
 DAVIS, Nord W. (5) Corporal. Son of Mrs. Ma- 
 tilda Davis, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Resided at Fairmont when enlisted Oct. 14, igi8, at .St. Paul, 
 Minn., as private in S. A. T. C. Trained at Hamline University, 
 St. Paul, Minn., where he was discharged I')ec. 11, 19 18. 
 
 DAY, Horace Willard. ((i) Second Lieutenant. Son 
 
 of Frank A. Day, Fairmont. .Minn. 
 Born Feb. 4. 1896, at Fairmont, where he resided when enlisted 
 in 1st Officers Training Camp, Ft. Snelling. Minn., May 15. 
 IQ17. Commissioned Aug. 15. 1917, and assigned to 352nd Inf.. 
 S8th Div.. at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. G. 5th 111. 
 Inf.. at Camp Logan, Texas, later Co. C 123rd Machine Gun Bn.. 
 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 15. 1918. ar- 
 riving at Brest, France, May 27. 1918. With his division while 
 attached to the British Army in Somme Offensive, June 14 to 
 Aug. 27, 1918. Also engaged at Meuse-Argonne and Merche- 
 ville, where he was seriously gassed in a raid Nov. 10, 1918. 
 Contracted meningitis in hospital while being treated for gas. 
 in hospital until discharged with 15 per cent disability, which 
 rating was later increased. Probably permanently disabled. Re- 
 turned to U. S. .\pril 7. 1919, and discharged at Camp Dix, 
 N. J.. April 18, 1919. Recommended for citation for gallantry 
 in action. 
 
 DAY, Marcus F. (7 ) Second Lieutenant. Son of 
 
 Frank A. Day, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 18, 1890. where he resided when 
 called to federal service from National Guard, July 15, 1917, as 
 private in infantry. Assigned to Hq. Det., 68th Inf. Brigade, 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Commissioned in 4th Reserve 
 Officers Training School at Camp Cody, N. M., Aug. 26, 19 18, 
 and assigned to Co. I, i54th Inf.. 34th Div. .\ttached in France 
 to 6oth Co.. -.\rmy Service Corps, at Bordeaux, France. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13. 1918. arriving at Cher- 
 bourg, France. Oct. 26. 191S. Returned to U. S. July 20, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Aug. 13, 1919. 
 
 DEAN, Robert Lewis. (S) Second Lieutenant, Son 
 of Judge and Mrs. E. C. Dean, Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Born at Pipestone, ilinn., Dec. 19, 1891. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted in Reserve Officers Training Camp at Ft. 
 Snelling, Minn., Aug. 27, 1917. Commissioned 2nd Lieut, of 
 artillery. Xov. 27, 1917. Assigned to 342nd Field Artillery, Sgth 
 
 Div., at Camp Funston, Kansas. Transferred successively to 
 artillery units at Camp Jackson, S. C, and Camp Taylor. Ky. 
 Graduated from School of Fire at Ft. Sill. Okla., and recom- 
 mended for promotion Nov. 8, 1918. Discharged at Camp Jack- 
 son, S. C. Dec. 5. 1918. 
 
 DECKER, William Nick. (9) Private. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 
 Born at Chicagu. 111., May 23, 1895. Resident of Rutland Twp., 
 ^Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 27, 
 1918, as private in infantrv, N. A. Assigned to Co. H, 350th 
 Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. H, 
 117th Inf., 30th Div., at Camn Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
 ?Ioboken, N. J., May 9. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 May 24. 191 8. Engaged at Ypres, Cambria and St. Quentin. 
 Wounded, right arm and elbow, at St. Onentin. Sept. 29, 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. April 18, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, April 28, 1919- 
 
 DEERING, Frank A. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. I'* rank Deering, Dunnell, Minn. 
 Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County. July 9. 1897. Em- 
 ployed at Reeder, N. D.. when inducted at that place April, 19 18. 
 Sent to Camp Dodge. Iowa, and assigned to Co. B, 315th Engs. 
 Embarked June, 1918. Served in France. Returned to U. S. 
 and discharged at Camp Dodge. June, 1919- 
 
 DEINHART, Charley, (ill Private First Class. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Cliark-s Dcinhart, Granada. Minn. 
 
 Born Nov. 20, 1S94, at Elmore. Minn. Resident of Fairmont 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., as a 
 private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. M. 351st Inf.. 8Sth 
 Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. H, 131st Inf., 
 33rd Div.. at Camp Logan, Texas. Transferred to 22nd Bn., 
 U. S. Guards. Camp Stanley, Texas. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Feb. 18, 1919. 
 
 DEUNSING, Elmer Fred. (1:^) Private. Son of 
 
 Goo. l)eunsin,u. Crete. 111. 
 Born June 13, 1894, at Knglewood. 111. Resident of Rolling 
 Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 3, igi8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to limited 
 duty, camp units, at Camp Grant. III. Physically disqualified 
 for overseas service. Discharged at Camp Grant, III., Feb. 
 
 12, IQIQ. 
 
 DeVRIES, John Fred, (lii) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 Charlotte DeVries, Truman. Minn. 
 
 Born at Seney, Iowa, April 27, 1897. Resident of Xashville 
 Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
 22, 1918. as private in engineers. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 and assigned to Engineer Training Company at Camp Forrest, 
 Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919- 
 
 DEWEY, George Willard. (14) Captain. Parents 
 deceased. 
 
 Born at Marshal, Wis., Aug. 26, 1871. Married, four children. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., Tuly 16, 1917, as ist Lieut, in Medical Corps. Assigned to 
 Medical Officers Training Camp at Ft. Riley, Kansas. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J.. Anril 29. 19 18, arriving at Bordeaux, 
 France, May 14, 1918. Served at various posts in France in 
 an important capacity until June 7, 1919- Worked on examining 
 and disability boards. Served as Summary Court Officer. Senior 
 medical officer on Transport returning to U. S. Arrived back 
 in U. S., Tune 18, 1919. After 20 days' leave reported to Camp 
 Grant, Ilh, for hernia operation July 8, 1919- Discharged at 
 Camp Grant, 111., Aug. 15, 1919- 
 
 DIBBLE, Ray Bernard. (15) Battalion Sergeant-Ma- 
 
 jor. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Henrj^ Dibble. Gran- 
 ada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Granada. Minn., May 14. 1897, resided there when called 
 from National Guard to federal service July 15, 1917. as private 
 in infantrv. Assigned to Co. E. 136M1 Inf., 34th Div., Camp 
 Cody, X. 'M. Transferred to Hq. Det., Hq. Western Depart- 
 ment, San Francisco. Calif. Discharged Jan. 8, 1919- 
 
 DICKMAN, Willie. (IG) Private. Son of D. F. Dick- 
 man, Welcome, Minn. 
 Resident of Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
 Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 25. 1918, as private in nifantry, N. A. 
 Sent to Camp Cody, N. M., and assigned to duty with the 
 Quartermaster Corps. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 
 21, 1918. 
 
 105 
 
DIEHL, Alvin L. (1) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 I'Ved Dielil. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 21, 1894. and resident thereof 
 when inducted, Teb. 25, 1918, as private in Engineers, N. A. 
 Assigned to Co. F, 33rd Engineers at Camp Devens, Mass. 
 Transferred in France to Co. A 72nd Engineers. Embarked 
 frm Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 30, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France. 
 Oct. 13. 1918. Returned to U. S. July 11. 1919, and discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. July 25, 1919. 
 
 DIEHL, Ulysses Ralph. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Fred Diehl. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Married, one child. Born at Fairmont, Minn., .\pril 12. 1892. 
 and was a resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, 
 July 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. .\, Assigned to Co. II 
 .2nd Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Transferred to 
 Butcher Company, at Jacksonville, Florida. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 30, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 
 13, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 5, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, May 19, 19 19. 
 
 DIEKMAN, Edward Carl. O) Wagoner. Son ol 
 -Mr. and Mrs. Henry Diekman. Wtdcomc. Minn. 
 
 Horn at Welcome, Minn.. Dec. 26, 1893. and resided when en- 
 listed at Mankato, Minn., May 27, 1918, as private in infantry, 
 \. A. Assigned to Supply Co., 362nd Inf., 9 ist Div., Caniii 
 Lewis, Wash. Embarked from llobuken, N. J.. July 5, 19 18. 
 arriving at Liverpool, England. July 17. 1918. Engaged at St. 
 Mihiel. Meuse-Argonne and Lys- Scheldt. Returned to U. S. 
 .\pril 14, 1919, discharged April 28, 1919. at Camji Dodge. Iowa. 
 
 DIEKMAN, Louis Henry. (4) Private. S..n of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Henry Diekman, Welcome. Minn. 
 Resided at Welcome when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., April 29, 
 191 8. as private in artillery. Regular Army. Assigned to 
 Battery E, 50th Regt., Coast Artillery Replacement Troops at 
 Camp Eustis, Va. Embarked from Camp Stuart, \'a.. Oct. 7, 
 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 20. 19 18. Returned to 
 V. S. Feb. 14, 19 19. discharged Feb. 27, 19 19. 
 
 DITSWORTH, Lawrence Edward. (5) Private. 
 
 S(tn I if I'eter Ditsworth. (iranada. 
 
 Born at Stevenson County, III.. Jan. 14, 1892. Resident of East 
 Chain Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., June 25, 1918. as private in artillery, N. A. Sent to 
 Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Battery X, 331st Field .\rtillery. 
 86th Div., and trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. I-Lmbarked from 
 Hoboken, X. J., Sept. 15, 1918, arriving at Liver[)ool, England. 
 Sept. 29, 19 1 8. Returned to LT. S. Aug. 25, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 31, 19 19. 
 
 DITTMAN, Otto Herman, d.) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Gustav Dittman. Waupaca, Wiscon- 
 sin. 
 
 Born at \\'aupaca. Wis., March 24, 1896. Resident of Lind. 
 Wis., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camn Dodge, Iowa, thence 
 to Camp Cody, N. M., and assigned to Co. I*", i35tli Inf., 34th 
 Div. Transferred to Co. I, 30th Inf., 3rd Div., in I*"rance. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving abroad 
 July 10, 1918. In following engagements: Aisue-Marne Offen- 
 sive, \ esle Sector, St. Miliiel, ^teuse-Argonne. Wounded Oct. 
 9, 1918. Returned to L^. S. Aug. 2^, 1919, and discharged Aug. 
 29, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111., 
 
 I A. S.) at Paris, France, remaining on duty there with French 
 Army until March, 1919. Returned to U. S. July 7, 1919, dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, la., July 15, 1919. 
 
 DONOVAN, George James. (0) Private. Son ot 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. I). L. Donovan, Trnman. Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn. Minn., Oct. 29, 1896. Resident of W'estford 
 Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 5. 1918, as private in infantry. X. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., 
 for training. Assigned to Co. B 57th Inf., 15th Div., at Camp 
 Logan, Texas. Transferred to 19th Casual Recruit Co. at Ft. 
 Logan, Colorado. Discharged Feb. 4, 1919. 
 
 DOROTHY, Glen Giles. (10) Musician Third Class. 
 
 Srin of Mr. and Mrs. \\\ II. Dorothy, Fairmont, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., May 12, 1888, and resided when in- 
 ducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, igi8, as private, general 
 service, X. A. Assigned to 352nd Ambulance Co. 313th Sanitary 
 train, 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa, Transferred in France 
 to band of 349th Inf., 88th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Aug. 18, 1918, arriving at LeIIavre, France, Sept. 5, 1918. En- 
 gaged at Belfort Sector. Returned to L^. S. May 28. 1919, dis- 
 charged at t"ami» Dodge, Iowa, June 1 1, 1919. 
 
 DOUGHERTY, Frank Edward. (11) Private. Son 
 
 of Mrs. F. \V. DouLilierty. Litcliiield, Minn. 
 Born at Litchfield, Minn., Dec. 30, 1891. Resident of Fairmont 
 when enlisted as private in infantry, R. O. T. C. Assigned later 
 to Hn. Co. 338th F. .\.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Trans- 
 ferred to 307th Ammunition Train, 82nd Div., at Camp Gordon, 
 Ga. Embarked from Hoboken, .\. J., .\pril 17, 1918, arriving at 
 LeIIavre, h'rance. May i, 1918. Engaged at Chateau-Thierry. 
 St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Gassed in October, 19 18, in 
 Argonne. Returned to V. S. June ist, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Liwa. July t, 1919. 
 
 DRAGER, John August, (i:.*) Private. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 
 Married. Born at Will County. 111., May 5, 1887. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 25. 1918, as 
 private in infantry. Assigned to Co. K, 342nd Inf., 86th Div., at 
 Camp Grant. 111. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 9, 1918. 
 arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 2;^, 1918. Returned to U. 
 S. June 27, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 8, i9i9' 
 
 DRAKE, Harry M. ii;:) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. J. D. Drake, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, Sept. 18. 1896. Resi- 
 dent of Granada, Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn., 
 Dec. 8, 1917. as private in aviation. Regular Army. .\ssigned 
 to 378th Aero Squadron at Waco, Texas. Transferred to 666th and 
 later to 356th St|uadron at New York. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 X. J., Mav 21, igi8, arriving at Liverpool. England, May 31, 
 1918. Returned to U. S. Dec. 11, 1919. discharged at Camp 
 Dodge. Iowa, Dec. 28, 1919. 
 
 DREWES, Fred William. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. F. H. Drewes, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born Oct. 10, 1895, at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, 
 where he resided when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 
 19 1 8. Assigned to Depot Brigade at Camp Grant, HI. Trans- 
 ferred to Replacement Troops at Camp MacArthur. Texas. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 23, 1919- 
 
 DOMS, Wesley Edward. (7) Sergeant. Son of Dr. 
 and Mrs. W'ni. Doms, Woodstock, Minn., where he 
 was born in 1894. 
 
 Resident of Slayton, Minn., when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917, as private in 
 infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. Embarked from Iloboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, 
 arrivii.g at LeIIavre, France, July 11, 1918. .Attached to Army 
 General Staff College at Army Schools Hq.. France. Passed 
 examination and recommended for commission just before armis- 
 tice. Returned to \J. S. July 5, 1919, discharged at Camp Mills, 
 X. v., July 17, 1919. 
 
 DONOVAN, Edward F. (s) Private First Class. 
 Son of D. L. Donovan, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born Dec. 22, 1892. at Sioux City, Iowa. Resident of W'estford 
 Twp., Martin County, when niducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
 II, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, HI., 
 and from there to Ft. Riley, Kansas, where he was assigned to 
 Provisional Ambulance Company B. Transferred to Replacement 
 Co. 48. Embarked from Iloboken, N. J., Sept. 16, igi8, arriving 
 at Glasgow, Scotland, Sept. 29, 1918. Assigned to U. S. A. 
 
 DREWES, Henry Fred, (i:.) Private, Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. F. H. Drewes, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Center Creek Twp.. Martin County,^ Aug. 5, 1895, 
 and resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 May 26, 1918, as private in artillery. Sent to Camp Lewis, 
 Wash., and there assigned to Hq. Co. 144th Field Artillery, 
 40th Div., at Camp Kearney. Calif. Embarked from New 
 York, Aug. 15. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, Sept. i, 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. Jan. 3, T919. discharged at Presidio, Calif.. 
 Jan. 25. 19 19. 
 
 DUNCAN, Dolphy H. (Hi) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 .Mar\- Duncan, Fairmont, .Minn. 
 I'orn at Thorpe, Iowa, March r, 1899. Resident of Fairmont 
 when called to federal service from National Guard at that place 
 Inly 15, 1917, as private of infantry, .-\ssigned to Co. E, 136th 
 Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France 
 to Co. C, 306th Inf.. 77th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 June 2y, 1918, arriving at LeIIavre, France, July 16, 1918, En- 
 gaged at .\lsace.Lorraine sector, Oise-Aisne. Vesle and Meuse- 
 .\rgonne. Returned to U. S. April 26, 19 19, discharged May 
 20, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 
 107 
 

 
 ill 
 
DUKES, Amos. (1) Private. Son of Ulysses Dukes, 
 Kcwana. Indiana, where he was born March lU, 
 
 Resident of Galena Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fair- 
 mont. Minn., Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. As- 
 signed to Co. 5, i6ist Depot Brigade, Camp Grant, 111. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant Dec. 7, 1918. 
 
 DUVAL, Logan A. (:•) Private. Son of C. W. Du^ 
 
 val, formerly of Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Rolling Green Twp.. Martin County. Oct. 24, 1891. 
 Employed at Milnor, X. D., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. 
 Sept. 5, 1918. and sent to Camp Grant, 111. Three weeks later 
 was transferred to Camp Hancock, Ga., and assigned to iqth 
 Co., 2nd Training Group. Transferred to 20th Prov. Training 
 Co., at Camp Johnson, Ga. Discharged about Jan. i, 1919. 
 
 EBELING, Frederick D. (;;) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Henry Ebeling, Triumph. Minn. 
 
 Born at O'Brien County, Iowa, Dec. 25, 1895. Resident of Cedar 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. May 
 zy, T918, as private in X. A. .-\ssigncd to Co. M, 364th Inf., 
 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. ICmbarked from Iloboken, N. 
 J., July 12, 19 1 8, arriving at LeIIavre. France, July 22, igi8. 
 Engaged at St. Miliiel, ^leuse- Argon ne and in Flanders. Four 
 months in hospital with illness following influenza. Disabled at 
 discharge. Returned to U. S. March .s 1 . 1919, discharged at 
 Ft. Snelling, Minn., July 22, 1919. 
 
 ECKERSON, Carl A. (4) Private. Son of L. O. 
 
 Eckerson, South Bend, Kansas. 
 Born at Stillwater, Okla.. Oct. 24. 1896. Resident of Granada, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 19 17. as 
 private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. C. 135th Inf., 34th 
 Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. K, 
 30th Inf., 3rd Div. Embarked from Iloboken. N. J., July 28, 
 191 8, arriving at LeHavre. France, July 15, 19 18. Engaged in 
 Aisne-Marne Offensive, ^'esle, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Wounded in head, severely, Oct. 4, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
 Aug. 2z, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 28, 1919. 
 
 ECKMANN, Henry John. (:.) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Martin Eckmann, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
 when inducted at Fairmont. Oct. 22. 1918, as private in engineers, 
 N. A. Assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co.. Camp Forrest, 
 Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 9, 1919. 
 
 private in Quartermaster Corps, N. A. Assigned to Auxiliary 
 Remount Xo. 326 at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged for disa- 
 bility in line of duty April 19, 1918, at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Re-enlisted in California Xational Guard (in federal service). 
 May j6, 1918. Placed in reserve Jan. 15. 1919. 
 
 EDWARDS, John, ill)) Private. Born in 1886. 
 
 Resident of Madelia, Minn., when called to federal service from 
 Xational Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in 
 infantry. Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp 
 Cody, X. M. Was transferred to another command and served 
 overseas. Returned in 19:9. X^o further record. 
 
 EDWARDS, Kenneth F. (11) Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. ami .Mrs. E. J. Edwards, Fairmont. Minn., 
 where he was l)orn March 14, 1896. and resided when enlisted 
 at Ft. Snelling. Minn., Tune 5. 191". as sergeant in Quarter 
 master Cori^s, X. A. Assigned to Truck Co. 130 at Ft. Snelling, 
 Minn. Transferred to Co. D 32nd Engineers at Camp Grant, 
 111. Transferred to Truck 10, 23rd Engineers in France. Em^ 
 barked from Hoboken. N. J.. June 15, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
 France, June 22. iqiS. Engaged in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 
 Demoted from sergeant twice at own request to transfer to 
 combat outfits. Discharged as jirivate ist class. Returned to 
 U. S. July 9, 1919, and discharged July 18, 1919, at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. 
 
 EDWARDS, William James. U') Private First 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Harry Edwards, Fair- 
 mont, Minn. 
 
 Resident of Fairmont Twp.. when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 May 26, 1918, as private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. 
 L. 364 th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. X. J., July 12, 1918. ,\r rived at LeIIavre, 
 France, July 22. 191S. Engaged as follows: St. Mihiel. Meuse- 
 Argonne, Lys-Ypres. Slightly gassed. Returned to U. S. March 
 31, 19 19. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 19 19, 
 
 EHN, Gust E. (LM Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 C. A. Ehn, SmoUannberg, Sweden. 
 Born in Sweden, April 29, 1893. X^aturalized in the army. 
 Resided at Fairmont. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
 April 26, 1918. as a ju'ivate in the medical corps. N. A. Assigned 
 to 350th Ambulance Co.. SSth Div.. at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, X. J., Aug. 17, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, 
 France. Sept. 4, 1918. Served at the front on Toul sector. Re- 
 turned to U. S. April 2, 1919. Discharged April 25, 1919, at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 ECKMANN, William Henry, ((i) Private. Son ot 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Martin F.ckniann. Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Uiirn at h'airmnnt Twp., Martin County. Minn., April 19. 1894. 
 and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. May 
 26, 1918. as private in infantry, N. .\. .\ssigned to Co. M 364th 
 Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 X. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at Crest, France, July 21, 191 8. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne offensive Sept. 26. 19 18. Wounded, 
 slightly, right shoulder, with shrapnel, Sept. 27. 1918. In hos- 
 pital as result of wounds until Dec. 5. 1918. Returned to U. .S. 
 Jan. 17, 19 19. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., Jan. 2-jy 19 19. 
 
 EDWARDS, Harold George. (7) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. George Edwards. Pukwana, S. D. 
 Born April 2, 189S. at Hewitt. Minn. Resident of Winnebago, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from .\ational Guard at 
 Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34.th Div., at Camp Cody, X. M. 
 Physically disqualified and discharged at Camp Cody, N. M., 
 Dec. 12, 1917. 
 
 EDWARDS, Harrison Pratt. (8) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. H. P. Edwards, Fairniont. Minn. 
 
 Born at Easton. ]\Iinn.. Feb. 8, 1S89. Married. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Oct. 4, 1918. 
 as a private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to duty in the 
 Camp Adjutant's office at Camp Grant, III. Discharged at Camp 
 Grant, Feb. 8, 1919- 
 
 EDWARDS, Jack Cyril. (0) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. E. J. Edwards, Fairmont, Minn., where 
 
 he was born Feb. 14. 1898. 
 Previously served in National Guard. Resident of Los Angeles, 
 Calif., when enlisted at Camp Cody, N. M., Sept. 17, 1917. ^s* 
 
 EHN. Thure F. (14) Private. Son of :\rr. and Mrs. 
 C. A. Ehn. SmoUannberg, Sweden, where he was 
 born Nov. .3. 1894. 
 
 X'^aturalized. Resident of East Chain Twp.. Martin County, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. July 26, 1918.. as 
 private in infantry, X. ,\. Assigned to Co. B 54th Pioneer Inf., 
 at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Kmbarked froin Newport Xews. Va., 
 Aug. 29. 19)8. .\rrived at Hrest, France. Sept. 12, 19 18. En- 
 gaged at Meuse-.\rgonne. With Army of Occupatiqn. Returned 
 to U. S. June 26, 1919. Discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 
 5, 1919- 
 
 EISENMENGER, Raymond Francis. (i:>) Private, 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. John \V. Eisenmenger, Sher- 
 burn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Jay Twp.. Martin County. Oct. 13. 1898. and resident 
 of that place when enlisted. March 28, 1918, at Jefferson Bar- 
 racks. Mo., as private in infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to 
 Co. D. igth Inf.. i8th Div.. at Galveston, Texas, later to Co. E. 
 same organization, at Lowell. Arizona. Discharged at Lowell, 
 Arizona, Aug. 11, 1919. 
 
 EKSTRAND, Arthur L. (16) Private First Class. 
 
 S->n of Mr. and Mrs. P. A. Ekstrand. Sherburn, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born Feb. 14, 1899, at Ogden, Iowa. Resident of SJierburn, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from Xational Guard at 
 Fairmont. Minn.. Tuly i^. 19 17. as private in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E. H6th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. X. M. Trans- 
 ferred in France to Hq. Co.. 124th Field Artillery. 33rd Div. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at Le- 
 Havre, France. July 10. 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 26. 1919. discharged at Camp- 
 Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 
 
 109 
 
ELLIS, William Alexander. ( i ) First Lieutenant. 
 Son of Mrs. Mary J. Ellis, Fairmont. Minn., where 
 he was born Oct. :JU. 189:i 
 
 Served three years in Minnesota Xatiu'ial Guard and on Mexi- 
 can border, 1916-17, as corporal in Co. M, jnd Minn. Inf. Ue?ident 
 of Fairmont. Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Cuard at that place July 15. 1917. as 2nd lieut. of infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. K. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. \. M. 
 Kmharked from Hoboken. X. J., Oct. 12, 1918, arriving at 
 LeIIavre. France. Oct. 30. 19 r 8. Transferred to 19th Inf,, 4th 
 Div. With Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6. 
 1919, Kecomniissioned in regular army and remained in service 
 as Personnel Adjutant, 39th Inf. 
 
 ERICSON, August Herbert. ( M ) Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Cha>. L. Ericson. Guckcen, 
 Minn. 
 
 r.orn Xov. 22, 1896, at Pleasant Prairie Twi)., Martin Count>', 
 .Minn. Employed at Plattsville, Wis., when enlisted at Masun 
 City. Iowa, April 4, 1Q18, as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned 
 to training company at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Transferred to 
 Camp (lordon, Cia., to i Jtli Co., 3rd Training Bn., 1 57th Depot 
 Brigade, Camp McClellan. Alabama, and to i8th Co., 5th Recruit 
 Bn., same command and station. Commissioned 2nd lieut. Oct. 
 15, 1918. Discharged Dec. 7, 1918. 
 
 ERICKSON. C. E. (;j) Private. Horn ISDT. 
 
 Resident <>f Blue Karth, Minn., when called to federal service 
 at I-'airmont. Minn.. July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. \i, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, X'. M. 
 Was transferred to another command. Wont overseas in 1918 
 and served with A. E. i-". Xo further record. 
 
 ERICKSON, Ever L. (4) Chauffeur. Son of :\Irs. 
 
 J I lb 11 L. Erickson, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Oakland. Xeh., Jan. 2u, 1898. ]--mployed at Minneai>oIis, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneaiiolis, Minn,, Xov. 8, 1917. as 
 ])rivate in air service. Assigned to 151st Aero S(|uadron at Kelly 
 h'ield. Texas. Trained at Wilbm Wriglit Field, Dayton. Ohio. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., l'*eb. 26, 19 18. Arrived at 
 EiverpoLl, England. March 5, igi8. Served in I'ncland until 
 Xov. I. 1918, when transferred to I'rance. Returned to V. S. 
 March 7, 19 19. Discharged March 23, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, 
 Town. 
 
 ERICKSON, George Chester. (.->) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. liud Mrs. C. E. Erickson. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Rorn Aug. 2. 1896, at Stratford, Iowa. Resident of Eairmont 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont Oct. 22, 1918, 
 as private in engineers. X. .\. Assigned to 13th Provisional 
 Recruit Co., 2nd Battalion, at Camp I'orrest. (ia. Discharged at 
 Camp Forrest, Jan. 8. 1919. 
 
 FARM, Andrew August, (ii) Wagoner. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Gust Farm, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born June 5, 1893, at Chicago. 111. Married. Resident ot East 
 Chain. Minn., when imh-.cted at l*"airm int, Minn., June 25, 
 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. C 3 1 ith 
 .Aniniunition Train. 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, X. J., Sept. 25, 19 18. arriving at Cherbourg, 
 France, Oct. 11. 1918. Returned to U, S. Jan. 29, 1919. dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, III., Feb. 29, 1919. 
 
 FARM, Clarence E. (7) Private. .Son of :\rr. and 
 Mrs. Chas. Farm, Guckeen, Minn. 
 
 Burn at East Chain Twp.. Martin Count)', and rf-sident tln^rt of 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 27, 1918, as private in 
 infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at 
 Camp Lewis, Wash. Eri-.barkcd ^rom Hoboken, .V. J., July 11, 
 lorS, arriving at LeIIavre, France, July 2?, 1918. Er.gaiiud pi St. 
 Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Lys-Scheldt. Shrapnel wound in right 
 leg at Ypres, Oct. 30, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 31, 1919. 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 1919. 
 
 FEELEY, Frank J. (s) Sergeant. Son of P. 11. 
 
 Feeley, Fairmont, Minnesota. 
 Born Feb. 27. 1889, at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., 
 Dec. 15, 1917. as private in the air service, .\ssigned to ist Co., 
 3rd Regt. Air Service Mechanics, at Camp Sevier, S. C. Trans- 
 ferred to i2th Co., same organization. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 X. J., July 8, 19 18. arriving at Brest. France. July 18. 19 iS. 
 Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, July I i, 1919. 
 
 FEELEY, Roy Barnard. CD Cook. Son of P. H. 
 Feeley, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Silver Lake Twp.. Martin C5.. June 2. ;8oi, and resident 
 of that place wlien inducted at Fairmont, ?.Iiiui., Sept. 21, 1917, 
 as private in infantry. X. A. Assigned to Co. F, 135th Inf., 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody, X. M. Transferred to Hq. Det. 6Sth 
 Inf. Brig., 34th Div., as cook. Transferred in France to Cook 
 Co. Xo. I, Army Service Corps. Embarked from Hoboken, N. 
 J.. Oct. 13, 19 1 8, arriving at Cherbourg, France. Oct. 24. igi8. 
 On duty at Port of Embarkation, Brest, France, as cook until 
 Oct. 19, 19 19. Returned to U. S. Oct. 28, 1919, discharged at 
 Cami> r>odge. Iowa. Xov. 4, 1919. 
 
 FENRICH, Fred A., Jr. (10) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Fred Fenrich, Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Born Jan. 21. 1894. at Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, Minn., 
 .-md resident thereof wlien inducted at Fairmont, ^linn.. May 2. 
 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C 6th Supply 
 Train. 6th Division, at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from 
 iloboken. X. J.. July 14. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, 
 luly 30, 191S. * Engaged at Meuse-.\rgonne, Sept. 26 to Xov. 11, 
 
 1918. Returned to U. S., June 22, igio, and discharged July 3, 
 
 1919, at Camp Grant. 111. 
 
 FENRICH. WiUiam Julius. (11) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. iM'ed Fenrich. Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born June 24, 1895, at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., May 2. 1918, 
 as private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. D 54th Inf., 6th 
 Div.. at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, X. 
 T., July 5, 1918, arriving abroad on July 17. 1918. Engaged at 
 Alsace front and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 10, 
 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. June r8, 1919. 
 
 FILLMORE, Albert E., Jr. (12) Sergeant. Son of 
 Rev. and Mrs. Albert E. iMllniorc, Fairmont, Minn. 
 .Horn July ii. 1896, at St. Paul. Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
 .Minn., when called to federal service from Xational Guard at 
 that I'lace hily 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E, M6tii Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp CoiW, X. M. T'-ansf^-rred 
 to H.|.. '34th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J.. Sept. 17, 
 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 4. 1918. Transferred 
 to Quartermaster Corps at large at LeMans. France. Returned 
 to U. S. July 13, I9t9, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 
 23, 1919. 
 
 FINDLEY, Joe D. (i:i) Private. Son iA Mrs. A. E. 
 iMndk-y, Martinsvdlc. 111. 
 
 Born at Barnard, Mo.. June 5. 1897. Resident of Martin County, 
 when inducted at l-'airmont. Minn.. Sept. 5. 1918, as private in 
 infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to i6ist Depot Brigade, 
 Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Camp MacArthur, Texas. Dis- 
 charged Dec. 24, 1918. at Camp l^odge, Iowa. 
 
 FITZ, Howard K. (U) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. E. Howard Fitz, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Cedar Twii.. Martin County, Jan. 26, 1897. Served on 
 ]\Iexican border 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident 
 of Fairmont. Minn., when called to federal service from Xational 
 (Kiard at Fairmont. ^linn., July 15. 1917, as jirivate in infantry. 
 Assigned to v'o. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Cam > Cod.y, X'. M. 
 Transferred in I'"rance to Co. K, 39th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J.. Oct. 13. 191S. Arrived at LeHavre, France, 
 Oct. 25, 1918. Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to 
 U. S. Aug. 6, 1919. Discharged Aug. 14, 1919, at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. 
 
 FITZSIMMONS, Carl Patrick, (i:.) Corporal. Son 
 
 of Mrs. Caroline Kitzsinmions. Sber])iirn. Al inn. 
 Born Jan. 27. 1895, at Martin County, Minn. Resident of Elm 
 Creek Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 A|iril 29, 1918. as private in infantry. X. A. Assigned to Cc>. C, 
 313th Sui)p]y Train, 8Sth Div., at Cam]) Dodge, Iowa. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 191 8. arriving at Liverpool, 
 England. -Sept. 5, 1918. Engaged at Haute- Alsace sector. Re- 
 turned to U. S. June 3, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Liwa. June 15, 1919. 
 
 FITZSIMMONS, Earl Plinnie. (Hi* Corporal. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Airs. Sam Fitzsimnions, Monterey, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Elm Creek Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
 when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 25, 19 18, as private in 
 infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st Inf.. 88th Div., at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 130th Inf.. 33rd 
 Div.. at Camp Sevier. S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., 
 May 16, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 24. 1918. En- 
 gaged at Somme Offensive. Aines Sector, Chateau^ d'Aulnois, 
 Moseheville and Meuse-.\rgonne. Returned to \J. S. May 20, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dol^e. Iowa, May 29, 1919- 
 
 111 
 
FLO, Floyd F. (1) Private First Class. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Isaac Flo, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 26, :8o7, where he resided when 
 enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 8, rgiS. as private in aviation, 
 N. A. Assigned to 365th Aero Squadron, Kelly Field, Texas. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 19, 1918, arriving at Liver- 
 pool, England, May 30, 1918. Trained in England for duration 
 of the war. Returned to U. S. Dec. 10, 19 18, discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 27, 1918. 
 
 FLO, Regnald Roland. (2) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Isaac Flo, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn., March 16, 1896, where he resided when 
 called to federal service from National Guard on July 15, T917, 
 as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
 at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Photographic Section, 
 Air .Service, Signal Corps, -ind sent to M;i li-5'in B.ii racks, 
 N. V. Transferred to 75th Photo Section, Chanute Field, Ranton, 
 111. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 3, 1919. 
 
 19 1 8. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st 
 
 Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Camp 
 Sevier, S. C. and assigned to Hq. troop, 30th Div. Embarked 
 
 from Hoboken, N. J., May 11, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, 
 
 England, May 23, 19 18. Engaged at Ypres, X'oormezeele, St. 
 
 Ouentin and Thive. Returned to U. S. April ^, 1919, dischara^ed 
 April 12, 1919. 
 
 FOSS, Cyril Basil. (10 Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Melvin E. Foss, Guckeen. Minn. 
 Born April 13, 1892, at Verona Twp., Faribault County, Minn. 
 Resident of Guckeen. Minn., when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private 
 in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
 Codv. N. M. Transferred to Battery C, 123rd Field Artillery, 
 33rd Div.. in France. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., June 
 28. 1918. arriving at LeFIavre, France. July 15, 1918. Engaged 
 at Mt. Sac, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. In hospital 50 days 
 with broken knee (accidental). His rcgiiTient received two 
 citations for gallantry in action. Returned to U. S. May 24, 
 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 7, i9"9. 
 
 FOGARTY, Edward C. CO Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. T. J. Fogart\', Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born April 2i, 1897, at Oakland, Minn. Two years training as 
 cadet at U. of M. Resident of Sherburn when enlisted at Minne- 
 apolis, Minn., June, 19 18, as private in Medical Corps, N. A. 
 Assigned to U. of M. for training. Discharged at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., Dec, 1918. 
 
 FOGARTY, Eugene J. (A) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. T. J. Fogarty, Slit*rl)urn, Minn. 
 Born Aug. 11, 1S87, at Oakland, Minn. Married. Resided at 
 MacLeod, Alberta. Canada, when called for service. Inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in infantrv. As- 
 signed to Co. M, 388th Inf., 97th Div., at Camp Cody, N. AL 
 Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec I4, 1918. 
 
 FOLLETTE, Simon Ashley, (r^) Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. (). A. Kollettc. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at New Hampton, Iowa, July 30, 1894. Resident of Fair- 
 mont, Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
 at that place July 15, 1917, as mechanic in infantry. .\ssigned 
 to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
 ferred to Co. A. 301st Bn., Tank Corps, at Camp Colt, Pa. 
 Transferred to Co. A, 339th Bn.. Tank Corps, at Raleigh, S. C. 
 Discharged Dec. 5, igi8j at Camj) Dix, N. J. 
 
 FOKHEIM, Amos Martin, (fi) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Samnel S. Fokheim, Guckeen, Minn 
 Born at Humboldt County, Towa, April 25, 1S96. Employed 
 at Armstrong, Icwa, when inducted at Estherville, Iowa, July 
 21, 1918, as i)rivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 43rd Co., 
 I rth Receiving Co. at Camp Pike, Arkansas. Transferred to 
 General Hospital Xo. 34. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 July 1, 1919- 
 
 FORSBERG, C. J. (T) Private. 
 
 Born in 1894. Resided at Jackson, Minn., when called to federal 
 service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Was sent overseas and transferred to another command. No 
 further record. 
 
 FOWLER, Harland Wade. (Ill Corporal. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Fowler, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born May 22, 1898, at Fairmont, Minn., where he resided when 
 enlisted. Served with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. on Mexican border 
 in 1916-17. Called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont. Minn.. July 15, 1917, as musician in infantry. As- 
 signed to Hq. Co. (Band), 136th Inf., ,14th Div., Camp Cody, 
 N. M. Transferred in France to Hq. Co. (Band) 315th Engineers, 
 90th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 1918, ar- 
 riving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 26, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
 June 15, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 27, 1919. 
 
 FRANK, George Carl. (12) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mrs. Au.uusta Frank. DunnuU, Minn. 
 
 Born at Kane County, 111., March 23, iSgi. Resident of Lake 
 Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
 May 26, 1918, as a private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 
 (To. M. 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis. Wash. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J., July 12, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 Tuly 18, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-.'^rgonne and Ypres- 
 Lys. Returned to U. S. March 31, 1919. discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 1919. 
 
 FREDERICK, L. E. (13) Private. 
 
 l!<:irn in 1S07. Resident of Wells, Minn., when called to federal 
 service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917, 
 as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M., and assigned 
 to Co. E. 136th Inf.. 34th Div. Transferred to another unit 
 and thought to have served overseas. No further record. 
 
 FREDERIKSMOSE, Ainer Julius. (14) Private. 
 Son of Hans Frederiksmose, Aarhus, Denmark. 
 Born at Vyleby. Denmark, May 16, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place June 25, 1918, as private 
 in infantry. N. A. Trained at Camp Grant. 111. Assigned to 
 Co. B. 109th Inf., 28th Div., later to Co. D, iiith Inf., same 
 Div.. in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 14, 
 191S, arriving abroad Sent. 21, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne. Returned to LI. S. May 3, 1919. discharged May 19, 
 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 Son of Peter 
 
 FORSTROM, Edward Carl, (s) Cook. 
 
 Korstroni, Dnnnell, .Minn. 
 
 Born in Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, Minn., and resi- 
 dent thereof when inducted at I'.minont, Minn., Sept. 21, 
 1917, as ijrivate in infantry, .V. A. .\ssigncd to Cc. h, 
 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transfcrr:-d in 
 France to Prisoner of War Escort Co. 205 at St. Nazaire. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 15, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
 France, Oct. 26, 1918. Cooked fjr ."t company of Ger.man prison- 
 ers until Sept. 25, 1919. Returned to U. S. Oct. is, 1919, dis- 
 charged Oct. 21, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 FORSTROM, Leonard Walter. (9) Private. Son 
 
 of Mrs. Mathilda Forstrom, Dunnell, Minn. 
 
 Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, April 4, 1894, and 
 resident thereof, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 26, 
 
 FREEMAN, Lynn Alfred. (15) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Frank VV. Freeman, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., where he resided when enlisted at 
 Fairmont, Minn.. Nov. 24, 1917, as private in the Motor Trans- 
 port Corps as truck driver. Sent to Camp Mac.Arthur, Texas, 
 and assigned to 9th Squadron, 1st Regiment. Aero Service, 
 later to io6th Aero Squadron. In hospital with rheumatism 9 
 weeks. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 25, 1919. 
 
 FREER, Glen O. (16) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. G. N. Freer, Blue Earth, Minn. 
 Born at Faribault County, :Minn., in 1898. Resident of Blue 
 Earth when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont, Minn., Tulv 15. 1917. as private in infantry. Sent to 
 Camp Cody, N. M". and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div. 
 Sent overseas in 1918 and transferred to another command. 
 Returned about June, 1919. -N'o further record. 
 
 113 
 
FREITAG, William August. (1) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. A. P. Freitag, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Buckley. 111., Nov. 26, 1889. Resident of Sherburn, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., April 29, 1918, as 
 a private in Q. M. C, N. A. Trained at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 313th Supply Train, 88th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, 
 France, Sept. 11, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 3, 1919. 
 Discharged June isth, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 FRENCH, Willis Russell. (■?.) Chauffeur First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. F. J. French, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Chicago. 111., Nov. 14, 1894. Employed at Mcdberry, 
 .\'. D., when enlisted at LaMoure. N. D., March 6. 1918, as 
 Ijrivate in the air service, N. A. Sent to Camp Wise, Texas, 
 and assigned to 44th Balloon Company. Assigned to Transporta- 
 tion Company at Camp Meucon, France, i^mbarked from New- 
 port News, Va., July lo, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, July 
 21, 1918. Returned to U. S. Aug. i, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 11, igro. 
 
 FRIEBURG, Walter August. (;J) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. G. Krieburg, Dunnell, Minn. 
 
 Resident of Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, Minn., when 
 inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in in- 
 fantry. National Army. Assigned to Co. 4, i6ist Depot Brigade, 
 Camp Grant, 111. Discharged on account of being under height 
 at Camp Grant, 111., June 28. 1918. 
 
 FRITZ, Walter. (4) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Chas. Fritz, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County. Sept. 7, 1S96, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Oct. 22, 
 1918, as private in engineers. N. A. .Sent to Camp Forrest, 
 <ja., and assigned to Co. B, 124th Engineers. Discharged at 
 Camp Forrest, Ga., Jan. 11. 1919. 
 
 GARDNER, Asa Tyler. (.5) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. H. E. Gardner, Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Born July 23. 1895, Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, Minn. 
 Resident of Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
 Pairmont, Minn., May 2, 1918, as private in infantry. National 
 .\rmy. Trained at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Assigned to Co. 
 F, 54th Inf.. 6th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
 5, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, France, July 23, 191S. Kngaged 
 at Larchy Sub Sector and Meuse-Argonne. In Army of Occupa- 
 tion. Returned to U. S., June 10, 1919. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, July 15, 1919. 
 
 GARDNER, Benjamin Harrison, (li) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and i\Irs. H. E. Gardner, Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Born at Rosendale, Wis., July 7, 1888. Resident of Lake Belt 
 Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Apr. 6, 1918, as private in N. A. Sent to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 University, training Detachment. Assigned to Hq. Co., 3rd 
 En., 1st Regt., at Camp Jackson, S. C. Transferred to Co. F, 
 4th Corps Artillery Park, Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked 
 from New York, Sept. 3, 19 18. Arrived at Liverpool, England, 
 Sept. 17, 1918. Engaged against the enemy at Meuse-.\rgonne, 
 Oct. 23 to Nov. II, 1918. With .\rmy of Occupation. Returned 
 to U. S. June 28, 1919. Discharged July 5, 1919. 
 
 GARDNER, Rex. (7) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. H. E. Gardner, Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Born Oct. 4, 1886, at Ladoga, Wis. Employed at Lisbon, N. D., 
 when inducted at that place Sept. 18, 1917, as private in 
 engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. F. 313th Engineers, 88th Div., 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 
 16, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 1, 1918. Engaged 
 Haute- Alsace sector and Meuse-Argonne offensive. Returned to 
 V, S. May 30, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 
 15. 19 19. 
 
 GARRY, Lee F. (8) First Sergeant. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. T. F. Garry, Guckeen, Minn. 
 Born Jan. 5, 1894, at Egan, S. D. Served on Mexican border, 
 1916-17, with Co. B, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of Guckeen, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
 July 15, 1917, at Fairmont, Minn., as first sergeant of infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Co. D, 144th Inf., 36th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 11, 1919, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 Oct. 29, 1919. Engaged at Meuse-,'\rgonne. Returned to U. S. 
 June 6, 1919. discharged at Camp Bowie, Texas, June 22, 1919. 
 Died Dec. i, 19 19. of diphtheria, leaving a bride of 2 months. 
 
 GAWORSKI, Leo. (9) Private. Son of Mrs. John 
 Gaworski, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Married. Born Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Apr. 12, 1894. 
 Kesident of Fairmont, when inducted at that place July 15, 1918, 
 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to S. A. T. C. at Dun- 
 woody Institute, Minneapolis, Minn. Transferred to Field 
 Remount Squadron at Jacksonville. Florida. Accompanied cargo 
 of horses from Newport News, \'a., to St. Nazaire, France, em- 
 barking Nov. 30. 1918. Returned to V. S. Jan. 4, 1919, dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant. 111.. March 24, 1919. 
 
 GERSTMAN, Emil. (10) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Paul E. Gerstman, Shcrlnirn, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born Feb. 25, 1894, at Davenport, Towa. Resident of Fox Lake 
 Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 21, 1917. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 
 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. 
 li, 302nd Engineers, 77th Div. in France. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N T.. June 27, 1918, arrFving at Liverpool, England, 
 July II, ig'iS. Went into action at Aisne River, France, Sept. 
 "11, igi8. Severely wounded by shrapnel, right leg, right arm 
 and chest, same date. Also burned by mustard gas. In hospitals 
 until discharged. Permanently disabled. Returned to U. S. 
 Dec. 22, 1918, discharged at Ft. DesMoines, Iowa, Aug. 14, 
 1919. 
 
 GERSTMAN, Gustav. (U) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Paul E. Gerstman, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born Jan. 17, 189-', at Davenport, Iowa. Married. Resident of 
 Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont 
 -Minn., Feb. 25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Jj™' " 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to Co. M, JS'st Inf., 88th Div. 
 Transferred April 10, 1918, to Camp LoRan, Texas, and as- 
 signed to Co. H, ,32nd Inf.. 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N T May 17, 1918, arriving at Brest, Iraiice, May 24. >9i8- 
 WeAt into' action near Albert France, July 4, IQ'S. Severely 
 wounded while fighting at the Albert front -Tuly -4. -9^8 
 Under hospital care in England and U. S unt 1 d'^'-l'ajB^; «f 
 turned to U. S. Ian. 19, '9"). discharged at Camp Grant, in., 
 .Vpril 3, 1919. Permanentlv disabled from wounds in legs. 
 
 GERTH, Edwin Paterson. (12) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henry D. Gerth, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 4. 1893. and resided there when en- 
 listed June 10, 1917, at Chicago, 111., as private in American 
 Field .Ambulance Service. Assigned to Sec. 531 U. b. Army 
 Ambulance Service at .Mlentown. Pa. Trained also at M. 
 Hamilton, N. Y. Transferred in France to Battery D. 5 st 
 Artillery, C. A. A. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J- -1"'^ "5. 
 018 afHving at Brest. France, July 2., .918. Engaged at Ver- 
 dun and St. Mihiel. Returned to U. S. Feb. 3. 19.9, discharged 
 at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 22, 1919- 
 
 GERTH, Henry John. (13) First Lieutenant. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Henry D. Gerth. Fairmont, Mmn. 
 Born at Tomah, Wis.. June 24, 1889. Employed at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., when enlisted in First Reserve Officers Training Camp 
 at Ft. Snelling. Minn., May 15, 1917. Commissioned 2nd lieut. 
 of cavalry at Ft. Snelling Aug. 14, I9i7-^ Assigned to Co. C, 
 313th Supply Train, 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 1918, arriving at LjHavre, France, 
 Sept. 10, 1918. Engaged at Haute Sector and before Metz. 
 Returned to U. S. June 3. I9i9, discharged July 2, 1919. at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Married while in the service. 
 
 GIDEON, Fremont. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. G. \V. Gideon, Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born Feb. 11, 1889 at Seneca, Iowa. Employed at Glasgow, 
 Montana, when inducted at that place June 25, 1918, as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash., and assigned 
 to Machine Gun Co., i6oth Inf., 40th Div., Camp Kearney, 
 Calif. Embarked .\ug. 6. 1918. arriving at Liverpool, England, 
 .\ug. 20. 19 18. Returned to U. S. March 19, 19 19, discharged 
 at Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming, April 13, 19 "9- 
 
 GIDEON, Nason Emery. (1.5) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. G. W. Gideon, Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born at Seneca, Iowa, May 30, 1891. Married. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer 
 Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
 \'a., .Aug. 29. 1918, arriving at Brest, France^ Sept. 12, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Grant, III., July 3, 1919. 
 
 GIESEKE, Henry Christ. (16) Corporal. Son ot 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Gieseke, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Rutland Twp.. Martin County, Minn., Nov. 30, 1895, 
 and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 
 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., 
 and assigned to 7th Co., Infantry Replacement troops. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, III., Jan. 6, 19 19. 
 
 115 
 
GILBERTSON. Melville C. (1) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Victor Gilbertson. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born May 20, 1895, at Goldneld, Iowa. Resident of Ceylon, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont, Minn., Jnly 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Dis- 
 charged on Surgeon's Certificate of disability, June 19, i9'8, at 
 Camp Cody, N. M. 
 
 GOERING, Jerome Joseph, c^) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. liarry (i. (jotring, Shfrhurn. Minn. 
 
 Born Aug. 18, 1897, at Walcotte, Iowa. Resident of Manyaska 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
 22, 1918, as private in engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
 Cia., and assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co. Discharged 
 Jan. 7, 1919- 
 
 GOERNDT, Charlie P. (3) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
 Chas. G< )erndt, 1 lalfa, Iowa. 
 
 Born Oct. 1 8, 1895, at Tenhassen Twp.. Martin County. Em- 
 ployed at Cliicago, 111., when inducted at May wood. 111., April 
 28, ]qi8. as a private in infantry of the N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 B, 343rd Inf.. 86th Div., at Camp Grant, III. Transferred to 
 •Co. I, 311th Inf., 78th Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Sept. 25, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. i, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Wounded by shrapnel near Verdun 
 Oct. 25. 1918. Returned to U. S. May 30, 1919, discharged at 
 •Camp Dodge, Iowa. June 27, 19:9. 
 
 GOETZ, Roland Oswald. (A) Private. Son of Air. 
 and Airs. G. H. Goctz, Fairmont, Alinn. 
 
 Born March 10, 1898, at Fairmont. Minn., where he resided when 
 -enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., May 7, 1918, as private in 
 Medical Corjis, Regular Army. Assigned to infirmary of 48th 
 "Engineers at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Ind. Transferred in France 
 to Infirmary 4Sth Reg., Tank Corps, later to Infirmary 79 th 
 •Co.. Tank Corps. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 30, 1918. 
 arriving at Brest, France, Aug. 12, 19 18. Stationed at S'osges 
 section during engagement with enemy. Returned to U. S. 
 June 28, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 8, 1919- 
 
 GOETZ, Temple M. (.i) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Geo. Goetz, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., April 2, 1898. Resident of Eraser 
 "Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Oct. 
 ^5, 1918. Assigned to Co. M, 388th Inf., 97th Div., at Camp 
 Cody. N. M. Discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability 
 at that place Dec. 12, 19 18. 
 
 •GORACZKOWSKI, John Michiel. (U) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Stan. Goraczkowski, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Horn at Lemont, III., Aug. 28, 1892. Resident of Silver Lake 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 .5, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 5, i6ist 
 Depot Brigade, Camp Grant. 111. Transferred to Co. A, ist Bn., 
 replacement troops, Camp MacArthur, Texas. Discharged at 
 'Camp Dodge, Icwa, March 4, 1919. 
 
 •GORDENIER, Oliver Charles. (7) Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Gordenier, 689 Conway St., St. 
 
 Paul, Minn. 
 J5orn May 14, 1896, at St. Paul, Minn. Resident of Blue l-Lartli, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
 .July 15, 1917, as private of infantry. National Guard. As- 
 :signed to Co. E, 136th Int., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Le- 
 Havre, France, Oct. 30, 1918. Returned to U.. S. July 13, 1919, 
 .■and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 21, 1919. 
 
 GOULD, Calvin Henry, (y) Chauffeur First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank D. Gould, Fairmont, 
 Alinn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 14, 1894, where he resided when 
 enlisted. Previously served one enlistment in Co. E, 2nd Minn. 
 Inf., National Guard. Enlisted at Kelly Field, Texas, Jan. 10, 
 1918, as private in air service. Regular Army. Assigned to 
 353rd Aero .Squadron at Kelly Field, Texas. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 14, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Aug. 
 25. 1918. Returned to U. S. May 6, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, May 21, 1919. 
 
 GOULD, Edwin Germain. (10) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. F. C. Gould, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Nov. i, 1896, at Fairmont, Minn. Resident of Fairmont 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 5, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .\ssigned to i6ist Depot 
 Brigade, Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Fire Truck and Hose 
 Co. 328 at Camp Mac.\rthur, Texas. Patient in base hospital 
 at Camp MacArthur. Texas, Sept. 30 to Dec. 8, 1918. Dis- 
 charged at Camp MacArthur, Texas, April 14, 1919. 
 
 GOULD, Howard Francis. (11) Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Frank D. Gould, Fairmont, Minn., 
 Born July 31, i8g8, at Fairmont, Minn. Attending Leland 
 Stanford University. Calif., when enlisted at San Francisco, 
 Calif., May 7, 1918, in the Italian Ambulance Service of the 
 .\merican Red Cross. Transferred in Italy to Section 4, A. R. C, 
 and later to Sec. 3, A. K. C. Embarked from New York, May 
 26, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, June 8, 1918. En- 
 gaged in the .\ustrian offensive on the lower Piave River, Italy, 
 June 17 to Tuly 5, 1918, and in the final Italian offensive Oct. 
 28 to Nov. "4, 1918. Awarded (i) Italian service medal; (2) 
 Croce de Guerra or Italian War Cross. Returned to U. S. 
 Dec. 20, 1918, discharged at Vicenza, Italy, Nov. 13, 1918. 
 
 GOULD, Orrin E. (ILM Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. F. C. Gould, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Resident of Fairmont Twp., Martin County, where he was born 
 June 23, 1890. Called to federal service from National Guard, 
 July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred ni France 
 to Co. A, 144th Inf., 36th Div., later to Hq. Co., same command. 
 Embarked from Hoboken. N J., Oct. 12, 1918, arriving at Le- 
 Havre, France, Nov. 4, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 6, 1919. 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 16, 1919. 
 
 GRADBERG, Ernest G. (i:0 Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and ^Irs. Ole Gradberg, Bunnell, Minn. 
 Resident of Clear Lake, Wis., when inducted at Balsam Lake, 
 Wis., Sept. 7, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 
 Co. E, 241st Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked 
 Sept. 9, 1918. from Hoboken, N. I., arriving at LeHavre. I'rance. 
 Sept. 28, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 13, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Grant, 111., July 22, 1919- 
 
 GRANT, Chester Clifford. (14 1 Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. W. W. Grant, Rockwell City, Iowa. 
 
 Born Aug. 17, 1892, at Rockwell City, Iowa. Employed in 
 Iowa, when inducted at Estherville, Iowa, July 21, 1918, as 
 cook in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Pike, Arkansas, and 
 assigned to Cooks and Bakers School. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 10, 1919. 
 
 GRANT, William, (ir, ) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. W. W. Grant, Rockwell City, Iowa. 
 Born at Rockwell City, Iowa, Feb. 27, 1S88. Resided at Welcome, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 3. J9'7. as 
 private in infantrv, National Guard. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
 to Co. L, 3gth Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Oct. 13, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, France, Oct. 25, 1918. 
 Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 
 1919. Discharged Aug. 13, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 GORDON, Clinton Calvert. (8) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Pearl Gordon, Windsor, Mo. 
 
 JMarricd. Born at Windsor, Mo., May 14, 1888. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place, Aug. 29, 1918, 
 las private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and 
 -assigned to Co. 17, 163rd Depot Brigade. Discharged at Camp 
 IDodge for physical disqualifications, Sept. 2, 19 18. 
 
 GRAUE, A. (16) Private. 
 
 Born in 1893. Resident of Frost, Minn., when called to federal 
 service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn, July 15, 1917. 
 as private in infantrv. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th 
 Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Sent overseas in June, 1918, and 
 transferred to another command. No further record. 
 
 117 
 
0^ i^^r 
 
 ill 
 
GREELEY, Ivan Smith, (l) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Willis Greeley, Truman, Minn. 
 Born at Fraser Twp., Martin County, July 15, 1897. Resident 
 of Truman, Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., April 11, 
 1918, as private in heavy artillerv, Regular Army. Assigned to 
 Battery D, 52nd Artillerv (Railroad), at Ft, Hamilton, N. Y. 
 Embarked from New York, July 15, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
 France, July 23, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne. Returned to U. S. Jan. 3, 1919, discharged Feb. 10, 1919- 
 
 GREENIG, Merlin Daniel. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Airs. Geo. D. Greenig-. Lallarpe. 111. 
 
 Born at that place Oct. 26, iSgo. Widower, one child. Resident 
 of St. Peter, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
 25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Battery D, 
 332nd Field Artillery. 86th Div., Camp Robinson. Wis. Trans- 
 ferred in France to 8tli Machine Gun Bn.. 3rd Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 16. 1918, arriving abroad Sept. 2gth, 
 1919. Returned to U. S. Aug. 25, 1919, and discharged at 
 Camp Grant, 111., Sept. 2, 1919. 
 
 GROTH, Alfred E. (9) Corporal. Son of Mrs. Cath- 
 erine Groth, Blue Earth, Minn. 
 
 Born at Cresco, Iowa, May 24, 1897. Resident of Blue Earth, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
 at Fairmont. Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. K, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, X. M. 
 Transferred in France to Co. E, 47th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13. 191S, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 Nov. r, 1918. Five months in hospital at Camp Cody with bron- 
 chitis, pleurisy, pneumonia, empyema, erysipelas. In hospital in 
 France 5 months with mumps and diphtheria. Six weeks in 
 convalescent hospital at Denver. Colorado, after return to States, 
 April 29, 1919. Discharged with 50 per cenf permanent disability 
 at Denver, Colo., July 8, 1919- 
 
 GROTH, Herman August. ( 10) Private. Son of 
 Mrs. M. Groth. Triumph. Minn. 
 
 Born at Martin County. Minn., July 14. 1894. Resident of 
 Triumph, Minn., when inducted at' Fairmont, Minn., June 26, 
 1918, as private in infantry. N. A.^ Sent to Camp Grant, III., 
 and discharged account of physical disqualifications June 28, 1918. 
 
 GREFE, Theodore F. Ci) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Ernest Grefe, Hoffman. 111. 
 Born at Hoffman, 111.. Sept. 8, 1891. Married. Resident of 
 Fairmont. Minn., when inducted at Carlyle, 111., May 10, 1918. as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 54th Inf., 
 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., July 6. 1918, arriving at Glasgow, .Scotland, July 17, 
 1918. Engaged at Mense-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
 10, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 23, 1919. 
 
 GROTH, Walter Henry, (ll) Musician Second Class. 
 
 Sun of Jijhn Groth. Triumiih, Minn. 
 
 Dorn June 9. 1896, at Martin County, Minn. Resident of Sher- 
 burn, Minn., when enlisted at Et. Snelling. Minn., Feb. 5, 1918, 
 as musician in Engineers. Assigned to Co. D. 26th Engineers, 
 78th Div., at Camp Dix, N. J., training also at Camp Humphreys, 
 Va. Discharged Jan. 27, 1919. 
 
 GREUPNER, Fred Herman. (4) Corporal. Son of 
 
 H, Greupner. I{lk fiiver, Minn. 
 
 Born at Elk River, Minn., Feb. 4, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place June 24, 1918, as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. G, 342nd Inf., 86th Div., 
 at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Co. 105, Army Service Corps. 
 Embarked from Hoboken. N. J.. Sept. 8, 191S. arriving at Le- 
 Havre, France, Sept. 28. 1918. Returned to U. .S. July 14, 1919, 
 and discharged July 24, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 GUEST, Clinton C. (12) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 Thomas Gnest, Lone Rock, Iowa. 
 
 Rorn at Dwight, 111., Oct. 19. 1899. Resident of Lone Rock, 
 Iowa, when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont. Minn., July 15, lot 7. as private in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camo Cody, N. M. Trans- 
 ferred in France to s8th Field .\rtillery Brigade, 33rd Div. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken. N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
 France, July 13, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-.^r- 
 gonnc. Returned to U. S. May 24, 1919, and discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 
 
 GREWE, Lewis E. (5) Private. Son of Mrs. Emma 
 Grewe, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Elgin, 111., Dec. 2;^, 1894. Resident of Fairmont. Minn., 
 when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as private of infantry, 
 N. .\. Assigned to Hq. Co.. 54th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, 
 S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, 
 arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse- 
 Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 18, 1919, as a convalescent 
 (rheumatism) and discharged at Ft. Snelling,, Minn., July 10, 
 1919. 
 
 GREWE, William H. (6) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 Emma Grewe, Fairtnont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Elgin, 111., in 1889. Married. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as private 
 in infantry. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp 
 Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked fiom Newport News, \'a., Aug. 29, 
 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, discharged 
 July 3, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 GRIFFIS, Gordon, O. (7) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. J. O. Grifhs, Tipton, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Clarence, Iowa, Jan. 21, 1895. Resident of Sioux Falls, 
 S. D., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 27, 191S, as 
 private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 351st Field Hospital, 
 313th Sanitary Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 16, 1918, arriving abroad Aug. 
 28, 1918. Returned to U. S. A'lay 30, 1919, and discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 6, 1919. 
 
 GUSTAVSON, Laurence. (13) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 .Xuyusta Gustavson, Tiden, Sweden. 
 Born at Skerda, Sweden, Dec. 31, 1891. Resident of Monterey, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Sept. 5, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and there 
 assigned to Co. L. 6th Bn., replacement troops, at Camp Mac- 
 Arthur, Texas. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 4, 1919. 
 
 HAECKEL, Chris A. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 .Mrs. Louis Hacckel, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Aug. 4, 1889. at Long Grove, 111. Employed at Miles City, 
 Mont., when inducted at Billings, Mont., April 20, 1918, as a 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D, 348th Machnie 
 Gun Bn., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. L, luly 5, 1918. arriving at Cherbourg, France, 
 July 27, 1918. " Engagements: St. Mihiel. Meuse-Argonne, Ypres- 
 Lys. Shrapnel wound in left shoulder Sept. 26. 191S. Awarded 
 the French Crcix du Guerre for gallantry in action. Returned 
 to U. S. April 2, 19 1 9. Discharged at Ft. D. A. Russel, Wyoming, 
 April 27, 1919. 
 
 HAGEN, Christ C. (1.5) Private. Son of Mrs. Es- 
 ther Hagen. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born in Norway Feb. 3, 1892. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 2, 1918, as private in 
 infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 53i-d Inf., 6th Div. at 
 Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. July 
 6, J918, arriving at Glasgow, Scotland, July 17, 1918. Engaged 
 at Vosges Sector and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
 12, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, la., June 21, 1919. 
 
 GROSSMANN, Herbert Otto. (8) Corporal. Son 
 
 of Otto Grossmann, Madelia, Minn. 
 Born at St. Paul, Minn., March 14, 1898. Resident of Madelia, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont, Minn.. July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div.. Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 to Ordnance Depot at St. .\ignan. France. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken. N. J., June, 1918, arriving abroad July 3, 1918. Re- 
 turned to U. S'. Sept. 15, 1919 and discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, July 23, 1919. 
 
 HALL, Raymond Banks. (16) Sergeant Major. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. John \V. Hall. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont Twp-. Martin County, Oct. 7, 1893, and resi- 
 dent thereof when enlisted at Ft. Snelling, Minn., Dec. 14. 1917. 
 as private in medical corps. Regular Army. Assigned to Post 
 Hospital and later to General Hospital No. 29, at Ft. Snelling, 
 Minn. Spent entire period of service at that post. Discharged 
 about Aug., 1919. 
 
 119 
 
HALL, William Frank, (l) Private. Born at Cur- 
 lew, Iowa, June 14, 1895. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Gust Hall, Dunnell, Minn., where he 
 resided when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer 
 Inf., at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
 Va., .'\ug. JO, igi8, arriving at Brest, France. Sept. 12, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 3, 1919. 
 
 HALLGREN, Frank H. (2) Private. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 
 Raised by Mr. and Mrs. Orlando Smith, Fairmont, Minn. Resi- 
 •dent of East Chain Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Co. C, T29t!i Inf., 33rd Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Transferred to Co. H, same regiment. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., May 10, 1918. arriving at Brest. France, May 24, 1918. 
 Flngaged at the Somine offensive and Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
 to U. S. May 22, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 
 2, 1919. 
 
 HALLSTROM, Albert. (.1) Private First Class. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Hallstrom, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., Oct. 7, 1886. Resident of Silver 
 Lake Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Feb. 25, 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 M, 351st Inf.. 88tll Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred 
 to Co. B, 129th Inf.. 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Te.xas. Em- 
 "barked from Hoboken, N. .1., May 10, 1918. arriving at Brest, 
 I'raTice, .Ma.v 2^, 1918. Engaged at Somme Offensive with 
 IJritish .\rniy and at Meuse-.\rgonne. Gassed and slight shrapnel 
 ■wound left leg in Argonnes, Oct. 8, 1918. 10 per cent disability. 
 Returned to U. S. May 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, June 2, 1919. 
 
 Inf., 28th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 14, 1918, 
 arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. i, 1918. Engaged at Meuse- 
 Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 3, 1919, discharged May 15, 
 1919. 
 
 HANSON, Carl Benhart. (nj Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Hanson, Ormsby, 
 
 Minn. 
 Borp. May 22. 1888, at Calamus, I._,wa. Resident of Waverly 
 Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 July 26. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to Hq. 
 Co., 45th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked 
 from Newport News. Va., Aug. 29, 1918. arriving at Brest. I-'rance, 
 .Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged in Meuse-.\rgonne offensive. Returned 
 to U. S. Tune 26, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
 July 23, 1919. 
 
 HARDER, Henry Anton. (10) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. John Harder, Triumph, Minn. 
 
 Born at Waverly Twp.. Martin County. March 29, 1897, and 
 resident thereof ' wdien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 
 1918, as private in Engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
 Ga,. for training in recruit company. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Jan. 11, 1919. 
 
 HARNDEN, Chester Leroy. n l) Private First Class. 
 
 Snii <)i Air. .ind Mrs. C. II. Harmk-ii, Fairmont, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Sherburn. Minn.. March 24. 1894. Employed at La- 
 Crosse, Wis., when enlisted June 3. 1917, at Jefferson Barracks, 
 Mo., as private in cavalry, Regular Army. Assigned to Troop 
 D, 24th Cav. at Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming. Transferred to 
 Battery B, 82nd Field Artillery, 15th Div.. at Ft. Bliss. Te.xas. 
 Discharged at I-t. Bliss, Texas, May 22, 1919. 
 
 HALTERMAN, Earl. (4) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 
 Sarah M. Haltcrnian, Moscow, Indiana, where he 
 was born Sept. 13, 1S86. 
 
 Resident of Truman, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 May 8, 19 17, as private in engineers. Regular .Army. Assigned 
 to Co. F, 2nd Engineers, 2nd Div., at El Paso, Texas. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 10, 1917, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 Oct. 6, 1917. Engaged at Toulon-Troyon sector, Aisne-Marne 
 Offensive, Marbach, St. Mihiel, Meuse-.\rgonne. Returned to 
 LT. S. .\ug. 8, 1919, discharged at Camj) Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 15, 
 1919- 
 
 HAMBLEN, Clarence Chester. (5) Private. Son of 
 
 ^Ir. and .Mrs. James Hamblen, Dudley, 111. 
 Born March 5, 1892. Resident of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted 
 at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as a private in infantry. 
 Assigned to 163rd Depot Brigade, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Discharged 
 Oct. ig, 1917, on acount of physical disability. Again inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 28, 1918, as private in infantry. 
 Served in Depot Brigade at Camp Dodge, Iowa, until Dec. 24, 
 1918, when discharged at Camp Dodge. 
 
 HARNDEN, Sidney Preston. (12) Sergeant. Son 
 
 of Mr. and .Mrs. C. H. Harnden, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn. Minn., Tune 25, 18S9. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., wlien inducted at that place May 31, 1918, as private in 
 nifantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 349th Inf., _88th Div., at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., .Aug. 9, 
 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, .\ug. 19. 1918. Returned 
 to U. S. June 23, 1919, discharged June 30, 1919- 
 
 HAROLDSON, Iver Albert, (lo) Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Son ul ^Ir. and -Mrs. H. Haroldson, Hills, Minn. 
 Born at Hills, Minn., Dec. 2, 1S91. Served 3 years as_ cadet 
 at Minnesota .Agricultural College and as private in Co. E, 2nd 
 Minn. Inf.. National Guard, on Mexican border. 1916-17. Resi- 
 dent of Fairmont. Minn., when enlisted at that place Dec. 27, 
 1917, as private in aviation section of the signal corps, Regular 
 .Army. .Assigned to 8S4th Aero Squadron at Kelly Field, Texas. 
 Transferred to Photo Section, .Aerial Service at Madison Bar- 
 racks, N. \'. Transferred to Central Officers Training School at 
 Camp Lee, Va.. and commissioned Sept. 15, 1918, acting as 
 instructor at said place for five months. Discharged at Camp 
 Lee, \'a., Jan. 15, 1919. 
 
 HANLEY, Lester Edmond. ((i) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Airs. Ed. Hanley, Welcome, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Jan. 3, 1897. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., Jan. 2, 1918, as private 
 in aviation. Regular .Army. Assigned to 54th Balloon Co. at 
 •Camp John Wise. Texas. .At port of embarkation when armis- 
 tice was signed. Discharged Dec. 17, 1918, at Morrison, \'a. 
 
 HANSEN, Christian. (7) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Airs. Nels Hansen, Monterey, Minn. 
 Born at Cedar Twp., Martin County, Feb. 22, 1892, and resident 
 thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C. 135th Inf., 34tn 
 Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to Co. I, 
 166th Inf., 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. June 
 27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 10, 1918. Engaged 
 :at -Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.Argonne. Returned to 
 U. S. April 25, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 
 12, 1919. 
 
 HARTMAN, Elmer. (14.) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Rosa Hartman. Winnebago, Minn. 
 
 Employed at Grass Range, Mont., when inducted at Lewiston, 
 Mont., June 24, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to 
 Camp ' Lewis. Wash. Transferred to Camp Kearney, Calif., 
 and assigned to Co. I, 159th Inf., 40th Div. Again transferred 
 in France to Co. D, 126th Inf.. 32nd Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 7, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. 
 25. 1918. Engaged in Meuse-.Argonne offensive. Wounded by 
 machine gun fire Oct. 9, 1918. Returned to U- S. Feb. 16, 1919, 
 and discharged at Camp Funston, Kansas, March 17, 1919. 
 
 HARTMAN, Martin Fred. (15) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Henry Hartman, Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
 when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in 
 Engineers. Sent to Camp Forrest, Ga., and assigned to Co. B, 
 124th Engineers. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 12, 1919. 
 
 HANSEN, Peter Christian. (8) Private. Son of 
 
 Airs. Catherine Christensen, Thorby, Denmark, 
 ■where he was born March 30, 1888. Married, one child. Served 
 -21 months in Danish .Army before coming to U. S. in 1912. 
 Resident of Fairmont. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, June 
 .25, 191S, as private in infantry, N. .A. Assigned to Co. C, .Mjrd 
 Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in I'Vance 
 tto Co. D, iiitli Inf., 28th Div., later to Machine Gun Co., 109th 
 
 HASSING, Roy Leonard. (IG) Private. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 
 Born at Delavan, Faribault County, Minn., July 21, iSgo. Mar- 
 ried. Resident of Fairmont when inducted at that place Sept. 
 5, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Camp Mac- 
 .Arthur Texas, later to Camp Merritt, N. J. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, la., Dec. 18, 1918. Died at St. Paul, Mmn., Aug. 
 10, 1919. Buried at Easton, Minn. 
 
 121 
 
• 
 
HASTINGS, Charles Emmons. (1) Private. Son of 
 
 Air. and Mrs. Cha>. A. Hastings, Monterey, Minn. 
 Burn at Minntapolis, ]\Iirn., May 22, 189S. Resident of Mont- 
 erey. Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
 at Minneapolis, Minn., June, 1917, as private in Battery E, ist 
 Minn. Field Artillery, later changed to Battery E, 151st Field 
 Artillery 42nd Div. Trained at Ft. Riley, Kansas. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, X. J., Oct. 16, 1917. arriving at St. Nazaire, 
 France, Oct. 31, 191 7. Engaged at Lorraine, Champaigne. 
 Chateu-Thierry and St. Mihiel. Gassed Feb. 26, 1918. Wounded 
 July 18, 1918. and Sept. iS. 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 23, 
 1919. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 12, 1919- 
 
 HAYWORTH, Werley Jones. (-) Private First 
 Class. Son of Mrs. Hmslcy Hayworth, Welcome, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Eraser Twp., Martin County, March 2, 1894. Resident 
 of Welcome, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
 As.sig;ned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. 
 Found physically disqualified for overseas service and discharged 
 at Camp Cody on Surgeon's Certificate of Disability, Jan. 8, 1918. 
 
 HEFT, Mathew. (;;) Mechanic. Son of Mrs. Lou- 
 ise Heft. Monee. III. 
 
 Born at Monee. III., Sept. 16. 1887. Registered from Rolling 
 Green Twp., Martin County, Minn., where he was employed. 
 Inducted July 26. 1918, at Monee, 111., with consent of Martin 
 County bnnrd. Sent to Camp \\'adsworth, S. C, and assigned 
 to Hq. Co. 4th Pioneer Inf. Transferred in France successively 
 to Co. M. 330th Inf.. 83rd Div., Co. F, ii8th Eng. and 144th Co. 
 R. T. C. Embarked from Newport News, \'a., Sept. 21, 191 8, 
 arriving at St. Nazaire. France. Served as conductor on French 
 railroad. Returned to U. S. May 13, 1919, discharged at Mitchell 
 Field, L. I., May 21, 1919. 
 
 HEIGES, David Wendall. (4) Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. George W. Heiges, formerly 
 
 of Fairmont, now of Minneapolis. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., June 11, 1894. Employed at Minne- 
 apolis when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont, Minn., ^^^\y 15. 19 17. as sergeant in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E, 136th Inf., 24th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
 ferred to 4th Officers Training Camp at Camp Cody, N. M.. and 
 commissioned 2nd Lt. On duty at Camp Mac.Arthur, Texas, and 
 Camp Shelby, Miss., until discharge. Mad previous service with 
 2nd Minn. Inf. on Mexican border in 1916-17. Discharged at 
 Camp Shelby, Miss., Dec. 16, igi8. 
 
 HEIN, Adolph H. (.5) Private. Son of Air. and 
 Mrs. Wm. Hein, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County, Minn., Avig. 12, 1891. 
 Married. Resident of and inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. June 
 24, 1918, as private, N. A. Assigned to Ilq. Co., 343rd Inf., 
 86th Div., at Camp Grant, III. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Aug. 20, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, France. Sept. 2. 1918. 
 Transferred to Prisoner of War Escort, at Dun-sur-Meuse, France. 
 Returned to U. S. Aug. 23, 1919. Discharged Aug. 31, 1919, 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 HELLE, Clark, n-) Private First Class. Tarents de- 
 ceased. 
 
 Employed at Albert Lea, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., June 15, 191S, as a private in artillery, N. A. Assigned 
 to Battery E, 137th Field Artillery, 38th Div., at Camp Shelby. 
 Miss., after training at University of Minn. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 6, 1918. arriving at Cherbourg, France, 
 Sept. 27, igi8. Returned to U. S. Dec. 24, 1918, and discharged 
 at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Ind., Jan. 14, 1919. 
 
 HELMKE, Ruben C. R. (T) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 E. F. Hausfeld, Welcome, Minn. 
 
 Born at Jackson, Minn., June 19, 1897. Resident of Welcome, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Oct. 22, 191S, as private in 
 Engineers, N. A. Assigned to i3:h Provisional Recruit Co., Camp 
 Forrest, Ga. Transferred to Co. C, 124th Engineers at same place. 
 Discharged Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 HENDRICKSEN, Chris Leonard, fs) Private, Son 
 
 of Mr. and Airs. Peter 1 leiidricksen. Triumph, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born in Fairmont Twp., Martin County. Minn.. May 14. 1895. 
 Resident of Triumph. Minn., when inducted at Fairm'ont, Minn., 
 Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. V\. Assigned to Co. 
 B, 163rd Depot Brigade, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 
 
 Co. F, 135th Inf.. 34th Div.. Camp Cody. N. M. Discharged 
 Jan. 28, 191S. at Camp Cody. .\. M., for physical disqualification 
 following severe illness with rlieumatism. 
 
 HENTON, Bernie C. (9) Corporal, Son of Henry 
 Hen ton. Truman. Minn. 
 
 Born July 24. 188S. at Nashville Twp., ilartin County. Mar- 
 ried, 2 children. Resident of Truman, Minn., when voluntarily 
 inducted at Fpii mr nt, Minn., April i, 1918. as private in Field 
 Ai tillery, N. A. Sent to University of Cincinnati for training. 
 Assigned to Battery B, various training units at Camp Tackson, 
 S. C, and finally to Battery D. 307th JPield Artillery. 78'th Div., 
 in France. Emiiarked from Hoboken. N. J., July 16, 19 18, ar- 
 riving at LeHavre, France. .\ug. 4, 191S. Engaged at St. Mihiel. 
 Returned to U. S. May 14. 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. May 22, 1919. 
 
 HERRMANN, John Martin, (in) Private. Son of 
 
 Rev. ;ind Mrs. Jolm Ilerrmann. Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Born Feb. 6. igoo, at Clarence, Iowa. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted Oct. 14, 1918, in S. A. T. C, as private. 
 Trained at Hamline University. St. Paul. Discharged Dec. 20, 
 1918. at St Paul, Minnesota. 
 
 HERRMANN. Siegfried Frederick, (ii) Private. 
 
 Son ^.)f Rev. and Mrs. John Herrmann, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Resident of St. Paul, Minn., wdien enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 Oct. 18, 1917. as private in enlisted medical reserve corps, 
 at University of Minnesota. Trained at College of Medicine, 
 U. of M. Transferred to Co. 3. 2nd Regt. S. A. T. C, at U. 
 of M. Continued in medical training by order during period of 
 service. Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 15, 1918. 
 
 HERVEY, Ray Hermon. (i:.') Sergeant. Parents 
 
 deceased. 
 Born at Winnebago. Minn.. Sept. 24. i8gr. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 that place Tuly 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 in France to Co. A, 144th Inf.. 36th Div. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken. N. J.. Oct. 12, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 
 30, 191S. With Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. June 
 6, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, June 16, 1919- 
 
 HEXTELL, Bernard. (i:j) Private. Son of Hans 
 Hextell. Bergen, Norway, where he was born Feb. 
 25, 1893. 
 Citizen of Norway, resident of Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin 
 County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 191 8, as 
 private in infantrv, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st Inf., 88th 
 Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 130th Inf., 33rd 
 Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 May 16, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, May 24, 1918. Engaged 
 at the Somme and Meuse-Argonne. Gassed. 10 weeks in hospital. 
 Returned to LT. S. May 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, ]May 29, 19 19. 
 
 HILDEBRAND, Carl. (14) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 Clara Hildebrand, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at LaSalle County, 111., Dec. 31. 1896. Resident of Pleasant 
 Prairie Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Oct. 22. 19:8, as private in Engineers, N. A. Assigned to 13th 
 Provisional Recruit Co., 2nd Bn., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 HILGENDORF, Emil W. (15) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Fred Drayfahl. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Waverly Twp., Martin County, Nov. 7, 1S93. Resident 
 thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as 
 private in Engineers. N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 311th Engineers, 
 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Sept. 9, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 2^, 1918. Re- 
 turned to U. S. June 27, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
 July 7, 1919. 
 
 HILKEN, William John, (id) Private. Son of Mr, 
 
 and Mrs. John Hilken, Monterey, Minn. 
 
 Born at Cedar Twp.. Martin County, Oct. 3, 1896, and resident 
 thereof when enlisted June 4, J918, at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., 
 as private in Engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 2nd Engineers 
 at Camp Humphreys, Va. Transferred to Chemical Warfare 
 Service at Camp Merritt, N. J. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Aug. 3, 1918. arriving at Brest. France, Aug 1 1, 1918. Served 
 at Haulon Gas Field in France. Returned to U. S. May 6, 19 19, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 19, 1919. 
 
 123 
 
HILL, Arthur Alman. fl) Regimental Sergeant Ma- 
 jor. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. R. liill, Granada. Alinn. 
 
 Born at Granada. Minn.. Feb. 2, 1891. Employed at Roundup, 
 Mont., when inducted at that place Sept. 6, 1917. Assigned to 
 Co. B, 362nd Inf., 91st Div., Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred 
 to Co. A, Hq. Bn., General Hq., A. E. F., Chaumont, France. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Feb. 16, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
 France, March 4, 1 9 1 8. Promoted corporal and sergeant in 
 Judge Advocate General's Department. Promoted regt. sgt. 
 major. On duty at General Headquarters throughout term of 
 service abroad. Returned to U. S. June 30. 1919. Discharged 
 July II, 1919, at Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming. 
 
 HINES. William A. (9) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. John Hines, Guckeen, Minn. 
 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, Dec. 22, 1891. 
 Resident of Silver Lake Twp.. Martin County, when called to 
 federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to 
 Supply Co.. 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. T., Tune 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 July 16, 1918." Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. ^ Re- 
 turned to U. S. June 12. 1919, discharged at Mitchell Field, 
 Long Island, June 18, 1919- 
 
 HILL, Ray Milton. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. C. R. Hill, Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Center Creek Twp.. Martin County, Sept. 25. 1897. 
 Resident of Granada. Minn., when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at Fairmont. Minn.. July 15, 191 7, as private 
 in infantry. National Guard. Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Supply Co., 
 same regiment. Transferred to Supply Co., 329111 Inf., 83rd Div., 
 in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, ar- 
 riving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 26, 19 18. Returned to U. S., 
 July 12, 1919- Discharged July 18, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 HINES, William Harry, (lo) Chauffeur. Son of 
 
 J. F. Hines, Truman, Minn. 
 Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, Aug. 24, 1893. and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 16, 
 1918. as private in engineers. N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 20th 
 Engineers at American University. Washington, D. C. Later 
 to 2nd Co.. 5th Bn., Ordnance Detachment, at Aberdeen Proving 
 Grounds. Maryland. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 
 27, 1919- 
 
 HILLER, Otto Hjalmar. (;^) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
 Anna Hiller, Granada. Minn. 
 
 Born at Chicago, 111., Mav 12, 18S9. Resident of Pleasant 
 Prairie Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 April 6. 1918. as truck driver in ordnance corps. National Army. 
 Trained at University of Cincinnati, Ohio. Transferred to Bat- 
 tery C, 1 2th Regt., Field Artillery Replacement Depot at Camp 
 Jackson, S. C. Discharged at Camp Jackson, S. C, Feb. 14, 1919. 
 
 HILLM AN. Edward J. (4-) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and -Mrs. Fred Hillnian, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born May 21, 1892, at Diamond Lake. III. Resident of Many- 
 aska Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 C, 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
 France to ^o. I, i66th Inf., 42nd Div. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving abroad July II, 1918. 
 Engaged at Aisne-Marne offensive, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.\rgonne. 
 Arrived in U. S. .April 25, 1919 and discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, May 12, 1919. 
 
 HINES, Cecil James. (.5) Private. Son of James 
 Mines, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, May 20, 1895. Resident 
 of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. "21, 1917, 
 as private in infantry, N. h, .Assigned to Co. F, 135th Inf.j 34th 
 Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged at Camp Cody, N. M., on 
 Surgeon's Certiticate of Disability Jan. 22, 1918. 
 
 HINES, John Francis. ((>) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John O. Hines, Guckeen, Minn. 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County. Minn., Feb. 18, 
 1887. Resided in Pleasant Prairie Twp. when inducted at Fair- 
 mont, Minn., March 3. 1918, as private in the Medical Corps. 
 Sent to Camp Greenleaf, Ft. Oglethorpe, Ga., but never assigned. 
 Discharged on account of nhysical disqualification March 18, 1918, 
 at Camp Greenleaf, Ga. 
 
 HINTON, John H. (11) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. \Vm. K. Hinton, St. Paul, Minn. 
 Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Minn., June 20, 1896. 
 Resident of Truman, Minn, when enlisted at Fairmont, Sept. 
 17, 1918, as a private in S. h. T. C. Trained at Dunwoody 
 Institute,' Minneapolis, Minn. 
 19, 1918. 
 
 Discharged at Minneapolis Dec. 
 
 HINZ, John. (1::;) Private. Son of Mrs. Mary Hinz, 
 
 Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Feb. 27, 1891 at Green County, Iowa. Resident of Fair- 
 mont Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, June 25, 
 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery D, 332nd 
 Field Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at Camp 
 Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 16, 1918, 
 arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 6, 1918. Returned to U. b. 
 Tune I, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 10, 1919. 
 
 HINZ. William C. (i:;) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Herman Hinz, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born July 27, 1897, at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
 Resident of Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, when inducted 
 at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 .Assigned to Co. M, 388th Inf., 97th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Discharged Dec. 14. 1918, at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 
 HOLDEN, Christian Frederick. (14) Corporal. Son 
 
 of Mrs. .\. C. Holden. Ormsby, Minn. 
 
 Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, Sept. 15, 1891. Married. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 May 2, 1919, as private in infantry. .Assigned to Co. I, 53rd 
 Inf., 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from 
 U iboken, N. T., luly 6, 1918, arriving at Cherbourg, France, 
 July 17, 1918.' Engaged at Vosges Sector and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Returned to U. S. Tune 12, 1919, discharged June 21, 1919. 
 
 HINES, Lyle Wilbur. (7) First Lieutenant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charles VV. Hines, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Dunlap. 111., June 25, 1895. Employed at Champaign, 
 111., when enlisted in 1st Reserve Officers Training Camp, Ft. Sher- 
 idan, 111. Commissioned 2nd lieut. of infantry, .Aug. 15, 1917. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 343rd Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, HI. 
 Transferred to Co. M and Co. L, same command, at later dates. 
 Embarked from Hoboken. N. J.. Sept. 14, 1918, arriving abroad 
 Sept. 21, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 22, 1919. Discharged 
 Feb. 14, 1919. 
 
 HOLDEN, John. { 15) Private First Class. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Karen Holden, Ormsby, Minn. 
 Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, July 16, 1892, and resident 
 thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as a 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 159th Inf.. 40th 
 Div., at Camp Kearney, Calif. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Aug. 6, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Aug. 20, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. With Army of Occupation. Re- 
 turned to U. S. Aug. 9, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
 Aug. 15, "1919. Re-enlisted in Marines. 
 
 HINES, Theodore John, (x) Private. Son of James 
 
 Hines, Truman, Minn. 
 Born at Westford Twp., Martin County. Resident of Pleasant 
 Prairie Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry, X. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 
 111., and assigned to Co. L. 7th Bn., Training and Replacement 
 troops. Camp Mac.Arthur, Texas. Appendicitis operation while 
 in service. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 2Z, 1918. 
 
 HOLDEN, Otto M. (lU) Private. Son of Mrs. Flora 
 
 Holden, Ormsby, Minn. 
 Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, June 4, 1893. and resident 
 thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 191S, as 
 private in artillery. N. A. Sent to Camp Grant and assigned 
 to Battery F, 333rd Field .Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Robinson, 
 Wis. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Dec. 18, 1918. Re-enlisted 
 in Marines. 
 
 125 
 
HOLLETT, Willis, (i) Mechanic. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. John H. Hollett. Cambridge, Ohio. 
 
 Born Feb. 7. 1891. at Fleshington. Ohio. Residence when called 
 to service. Fairmont, Minn. Called to federal service from Na- 
 tional Guard at Fairmont, Minn., Tuly 15, 19 17. as private in 
 infantry. National Guard. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th 
 Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Trained at Camp Cody. Transferred 
 in France to Co. B, 59th Inf., 4th Div. Fmbarked from Ho- 
 boken. N. J.. Oct. 13, igi8. Arrived at LeHavre. France. Oct. 
 26, 1918. Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. 
 Aug. I, 1919. Discharged Aug. 8, igig, at Camp Dodge. 
 
 HOWARD, Joseph Walter. (9) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. aiul Mrs. Martin C. Howard, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Sheldon, Iowa, July 22, 1895. Resident of Sherburn, 
 Minn., inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. April 6, 1918, as a private 
 in vocational service, N. A. Sent to University of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, for training. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 23, 1918, 
 arriving at a foreign port Aug. 8, 1918. Assigned in France 
 to Hq. Co.. 15th Field Artillery, 2nd Div., and engaged at 
 Champaigne and Meuse-Argonne. With Army of Occupation. 
 Returned to U. S. Aug. 4, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Aug. 13, 1919. 
 
 HOLTZ, Roy. (2) Private First Class. 
 
 Born at Dayton, New York, May ii, 1894. Resident of Granada, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 25, igi8. as 
 private in N. A. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., and assigned to 
 Hq. Co., 3Hth Ammunition Train, 86th Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken. N. J.. Sept. 25, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
 Oct. 7, 191S. Reached France. Nov. 7. 1918. Returned to U. S. 
 Jan. 29, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 8, 1919. 
 
 HOWARD, Leo. (lO) Second Lieutenant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Martin C. Howard. Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born in 188S. Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when inducted at 
 Fairmont. Tune 25. 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp 
 Grant 111." Transferred to Reserve Officers Training Camp and 
 commissioned 2nd lieut. Discharged Dec, 19 18. 
 
 HOOVER, Frederick L. CD First Lieutenant. Smi 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Marion Hoover, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at New York City, Aug. i, 1878. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service at 
 that place July 15, 1917. as ist Lieut, of infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E. 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged 
 at Camp Cody, March 20. 1918. Previously served on Mexican 
 border witli Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., 1916-17. 17 years additional 
 National Guard service to which he returned as ist Lieut, of 
 infantrv. 
 
 HOUFER, Henry Frederick. (4) Private. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Jo!in Schmidt. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Avoca, 111.. May 30, 1893. Resident of Silver Lake 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st 
 Inf.. 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. K, 
 139th Inf., 35th Div., at Camp Mills, N. Y. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., April 25, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre. France, 
 May IT. 1918, On detached service with Quartermaster Corps 
 while abroad. Returned to U. S. April 24, 19 19, discharged at 
 Camp Grant, 111., May 2, 19 19. 
 
 HOUFER, Martin Theodore. {:>) Private First Class. 
 
 Sun oi Mrs. John Schmidt. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Employed at Wheaton, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, !Minn.. 
 June 25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 
 D. 33-^"d Field Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Grant. 111. Trained 
 at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 
 17, 19 1 8, arriving abroad Sept. 29th. Returned to U. S. July 
 6, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 15, 1919. 
 
 HOUGHTALING, Andrew Lyn. (G) Second Lieu- 
 tenant. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Elmore HonghtalinL;, 
 Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Apr. 10, 1893. Married. Served with 
 Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., National Guard, on Mexican border. 
 19 16- 1 7. Enlisted in Officers Training School at Ft. Snelling. 
 Minn., May. 191 7. Commissioned 2nd Lieut., Aug. 15, 19 17. 
 Assigned to Co. D, 122nd Machine Gun Bn.. 33rd Div.. at Camp 
 Logan, Texas. Transferred to Co. D, 123rd M. G. Bn., 33rd 
 Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. May 16. 19 18. arriving 
 at Brest, France, May 24. 1918. Engaged at Amiens and .\Ibert 
 (British front) and in Meuse-Argonne offensive. Relieved from 
 duty with A. E. F., Oct. 3, 19 18, and returned to U. S. as 
 machine gun instructor at Camp Hancock, Ga. Discharged at 
 Camp Hancock, Ga., Dec. 18, 1918. 
 
 HOWARD, Fred Emery. (T) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 Ella Howard, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born May 20, l8gi at Farmingdale, III. Resident of Sherburn, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as 
 Jirivate in engineers. N. A. Assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit 
 Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 
 7. I9I9- 
 
 HOWELL, David Suydam. (11) Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henry G. Howell, I'^Hirniont, Minn. 
 Horn at Jay Twp., Martin County, June i.;. 1897. Resident of 
 Fairmont' Twp., JNIartin County, when inducted at Fairmont. 
 Minn.. Oct. 24, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 
 Co. M. 388th Inf., 97th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 to Ordnance Co. Xo. i. Ordnance Depot, Ft. Wingate, N. M. 
 Discharged at that place May i, 1919. 
 
 HUFFMAN, John. (12) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. A. M. Huffman, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Emmet Countv, Iowa, Sept. 10, 1895. Resident of Sil- 
 ver Lake Twp-. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, June 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 341st 
 Inf., 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in France to 
 Co. L. 354th Inf., 89th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, Sept. 27, 1918. En- 
 gaged at Meuse-.Xrgonnc. Returned to V. S. May 22, 1919, dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 31, I9i9- 
 
 HUGHES, Harry Orlando. (i:i) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hugh W. Hughes, Belvidere, 111. 
 
 r.orn at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Minn., July 20, 1895. 
 Resident of that place when called to federal service from National 
 (iuard, July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
 E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
 France to Battery F, I2ist Field .\rtillerv. 3-nd Div., m France. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at Le- 
 Havre, France, Tulv 12. 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
 turned to U. S.'May 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 June I, 1919. 
 
 HUNT, Walter Henry. (14) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 J. E. Hunt, Wells, Minn. 
 Born at Wells. Minn., Feb. 2, 1S92, and resident thereof when 
 called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Tulv 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody, N. M., 
 and' assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div. Transferred in 
 France to H(|. Co., 58th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. T., Tune 28, 1918. arriving at Liverpool, England, July 11, 
 1918. 'Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to 
 U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 
 1919. 
 
 HUNTE, August Frederick. (1.5) First Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of Ludwig Hunte, Beecher, 111. 
 
 Born at Beecher, 111., Aug. 5, 1870. Married, one child. Re- 
 sided at Truman, Minn., when enlisted Aug. 18, 1917, as ist 
 Lieut, in Medical Corps. U. S. A. .Assigned to Base Hospital 
 at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Transferred to 55th Pioneer Inf., 
 at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
 \'a.. Sept. 14, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 28, 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. Dec. 17, 1918, and discharged June 10, 1919. 
 
 HOWARD, John Lee. (s) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Mary L. Howard, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Farmingdale, 111., Oct. 17, 1893. Resident of Jay Twp., 
 Martin County, when inducted at F'airmont, Minn., Oct. 25, 
 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M. 
 Never assigned. Ill in hospital during entire term of service and 
 discharged for physical disability at Camp Cody, N. M., Nov. 
 8, 1918. 
 
 HURT, Barney Ray. (16) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
 Jane Curtis, Jewell Junction, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Pike County. Ind., Oct. 4, 189 1. Married. Served with 
 Co. E, 2nd .Minn., Inf. on Mexican border, 1916-17. Called from 
 National Guard to federal service July 15. 1917. as private in 
 infantry. Discharged at Fairmont, Minn., on account of de- 
 pendent relatives, Sept. 11, 1917. 
 
 127 
 
: /xPtTlN cou> 
 
HYBBERT, William T. (II Private. Son of j\Ir. 
 and Airs. John Hybbert. Dunnell, ^linn. 
 
 Rorn at F.oone County, Iowa, Feb. 7, 1891. Resident of Lake 
 Fremont Twp., Martin County, when inducted at I'airmont, Minn., 
 July 26, 1918, as private in infantry, X. .\. Assigned to Hq. 
 Company. 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadswortli, S. C. Em- 
 barked from Newport News, \'a., Aug. 29, 19 18, arriving at 
 Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1919. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
 turned to U. S. June 36, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, III., 
 July 3, 1919. 
 
 HYDE, Lloyd Edwin. (2) Bugler. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. E. C. Hyde, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Horn at F'airniont. Minn., May 15, 1896, resided there when en- 
 listed at Minneapolis, Minn., May 10, 19 17, as private in engi- 
 neers, Regular Army. Assigned to Co. B, 2nd Engineers at El 
 Paso, Texas, later at Washington, D. C. Embarked from New 
 York, Sept. 10, 1917, arriving at Lellavre, France, Oct. 9, 1917. 
 Engaged at Chateau Thierry ( Belleau Wood), June 7, 191 8 to 
 July 9, 1918. Out of action on July 8, 1918, acount of mustard 
 gas, and eviiuatecl to hospital. Returned to U. S. Jan. 9, 1919, 
 discharged at Jefferson Barracks, ilo., January 28, 1919. 
 
 HYTRY, Peter John. ( ;j ) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Stan Hytry, Dancy, Wis. 
 
 I'orn Nov. 12, 1892. at Lemon t. 111. Resident of Silver Lake 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
 25. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st 
 Inf.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. C, 
 119th Inf.. 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., May 11, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, May 
 27, 1918. Engaged at Vpres, Bellicourt, Bnarglny, St. Souplet. 
 Mazeougheim. Returned to V. S. Aug. 17, 1919, discharged 
 Aug. 24, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 JACOBSEN, Nels C. (4) Wagoner. Son of Chris- 
 tian Jacobsen, Haderup, Skive, Denmark. 
 Rorn at that place July 21, 1886. Resident of Rolling Green 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Supply 
 Company 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
 ferred in France to Co. F, 120th Inf., 30tli Div., later to Bat- 
 tery D, 311th Field Artillery, 79th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Oct. 13, 191S, arriving at Lellavre. France, Oct. 27, 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. May 28, 19,19, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, June 9, 1919. 
 
 JEFFRIES, Roy D. (\n Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Jas. A. Jeffries, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Toledo, Iowa, May 5, 1892. Resident of Granada, Minn., 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 25, 1918, as private in 
 artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery C, 333rd F. A., 86th Div., 
 at Camp Grant, III., and trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 16, 19 18, arriving at Glas- 
 gow, Scotland, Sept. 30, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 3, 1919, 
 and discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan, 19, 1919. 
 
 JENSEN, Anton. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Soren Jensen, Pedholt, Denmark. 
 
 Born in Denmark Feb. 15, 1892. Resident of Jackson, Minn., 
 when called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
 Minn.. July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
 K, 136th Inf., '34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
 France to Battery F, 124th Field Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., fune 26, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng., 
 July 9, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
 turned to U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 June 8, 1919. 
 
 JENSEN, Arthur Peter. (11) Corporal. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 Born at Sherburn. Minn., Julv 17, 1898. Resident of Fox Lake 
 T.vp., Martm Ccirty, when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Co. B. loist Engineers, 26th Div., 
 later to 285th Military Police. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Tune 28, 1918, arriving at Lellavre. France. July 10, 1918. En- 
 'gaged at Champaigne-Marne. Aisne-Marne. .St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Wounded, slightly, left temple, by shrapnel, Sept. 
 25, 1918. at St. Mihiel. Returned to U. S. Oct. 28, 1919, dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Nov. 4, ig^Q. 
 
 JERNBERG, Fridolph John. (12) Mechanic. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Jcrnberj?, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Boni at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 5. 1898. where he resided when 
 called from National Guard to federal service at that place 
 lulv 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
 Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in Germany 
 to Co. L. 39th Inf.. 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., 
 Oct. 13. 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Oct. 25, 1918. With 
 Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 1919- Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, la., Aug. 13, 1919- 
 
 JAHN, John Raymond. (.5) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
 G. G. Jahn, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born Nov. 27, 1897, at Brownsville, ]\linn. Resident of Rutland 
 Twp., Martin County. Minn, when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., 
 March 9, 1918, as private in Coast Artillery Corps, Regular Army. 
 Assigned to Battery E, 91st Heavy Artillery, First Army. Trained 
 at Ft. Banks, Boston Harbor, !Mass. Embarked from Boston, 
 Mass., July 31, 1918. Arrived at Liverpool, Eng., Aug. 16, 1918. 
 Returned to L^, S. Feb. 22, 1919. Discharged March 10, 1919, at 
 Camp Grant, 111. Re-enlisted in Regular Army. 
 
 JAMES, Clifford Eugene. (6) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. John A. James, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born Dec. 27, i88g, at Anselmo, Neb. Resident of Elm 
 Creek Twp., Martin Coynty. when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
 Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 B, 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
 France to Co. E, ii6th Engineers, later to 107th Engineer Train. 
 32nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, 
 arriving at Liverpool, England, July 9, 1918. Engaged at Oise- 
 Aisne and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 18, 1919, 
 discharged June 1, 1919. 
 
 JARDINE, Archie Wallace. (TJ Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Jardine, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Served 4 years in ist Minn. Field Artillery, National Guard. 
 Employed at Minneapolis, Minn., when enlisted Aug. 15. 1914 at 
 Ft. Snelling, Minn., in R. O. T. C. and commissioned as 2nd It. 
 in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co. 337th Field Artillery, 
 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Aug. 18, 1918, arriving at Cherbourg, France, Sept. 15, 
 1918. Returned to XJ. S. in Jan., 1919, and discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Feb. i, 19 19. 
 
 JEFFRIES, Clair N. (S) First Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Jeffries, Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Traer, Iowa, March 7, 1893. Resident of Center Creek 
 Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., 
 June 25, 1917, as private in infantry, Regular Army. Assigned 
 to Co. A, 4rst Inf., Ft. Snelling, Minn. Transferred to Co. E, 
 69th Inf., loth Div., at Camp Funston, Kansas. Discharged at 
 Camp Funston, Kansas, Feb. 4, 19 19. 
 
 JERNBERG, Gus H. (13) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. John Jernberg, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Jan. ii, 1894, where he resided when 
 inducted at that place May 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. 
 A. Assigned to Co. A, 361st Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, 
 Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 6, 1918, arriving 
 at LeHavre, France, July 19, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, 
 Meuse-Argonne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned to U. S. April 15, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 26, 1919. 
 
 JERNBERG, Hjalmer E. (14) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Jernberg, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, j\Iinn. in 1896, and resident thereof when 
 enlisted at Fairmont Sept. 18, 19 18, as private in S. A. T. C. 
 Assigned to Dun woody Institute, Minneapolis, Minn., for train- 
 ing and discharged at that place Dec. 9, 1918. 
 
 JERROW, Robert John. (15) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Jerrow, Trurnan, Minn. 
 Born at Lexington, 111., July 26, 1877. Married, 2 children. 
 Served in Philippines during Spanish- American War with Co. 
 D. 1st South Dakota Volunteer Inf. Resident of Truman, Minn., 
 when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., April i, 19 18, as private in 
 artillery, Regular Army. Assigned to Battery B, 74th Regt., C. 
 A. C. at Ft. Hamilton, Brooklyn, N. Y. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Sept. 23, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Oct. 7, 
 1918, Returned to \J. S. Dec. 22, 1918, discharged Jan. 9, 1919- 
 
 JOHN, Tally E. (16) Sergeant. Son of William 
 John, Des Moines, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Des Moines, Iowa, Jan. 31, 1895. Resident of Appleton, 
 Swift Co., Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
 E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 at various times in France to Battery C, 123rd Field Artillery, 
 33rd Div., Co. D. 320th Inf., Soth Div., and Battery E, 314th 
 F'ield Artillerv, Soth Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 June 27, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre. France, July 14, 19 18. 
 Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Wounded, left 
 leg, shrapnel, slight, in Meuse-Argonne ofFensive Sept. 29, 1918. 
 In hospital as result of wound five weeks. Returned to U. S. 
 May 28, 1919, discharged June 1 1, 1919. 
 
 129 
 
JOHNSON, Albert Julius, CD Private. Born at 
 
 Harplinge, Sweden, April 14, 1892. 
 Resident of Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, when inducted 
 at Fairmont. Minn., July 26, 1918. as i)rivate in infantry. Sent 
 to Camp Wadswortli. S. C, and assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer 
 Inf. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 30, 19 iS, ar- 
 riving at Brest. France, Sept. 12, igi8. Engaged at Meuse-Ar- 
 goniie. Returned to U. S. June 25, 1919, discharged at Ft. 
 D. A. Russell. Wyoming, July 16, 1919. 
 
 JOHNSON. August W. CM Sergeant. Son of Vic- 
 tor Johnson, Dunnell, Minn. 
 
 Born at Boone County, Iowa, Oct, 2, 1889. Resident of Sherburn, 
 ^linn., when enlisted at Ft. SnelUng, Minn.. Sept. 21, 1917. as 
 private in engineers. Regular Army. Assigned to Co. F, 21st 
 Engineers, at Camp Grant, III. Transferred in France to 503rd 
 Service Bn.. later 4th Engineer Service Co. Again transferred 
 to Co. F. 281I1 Engineers and Co. E. same command. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J., Nov. 26, 1917, arriving at St. Xazaire, 
 France, Dec. 10, 1917. Engaged in railroad operation in France 
 during period of hostilities. Returned to U. S. May 23, 19191 
 discharged June 2, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 JOHNSON, Chris. (3) Private. Son of ^Fr. and 
 Mrs. Geo. W. Johnson, Triumph, Minn. 
 
 Born July 19. 1897. at Waverly Twp., Martin County. ]\Iinn. 
 Resident of Waverly Twp., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Oct. 22, 19 1 8. as private in engineers. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
 Ga., and assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 6, 1919. 
 
 Cami) Grant, 111. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Taken ill 
 at Camp Robinson, Aug. 10, 1918. with tubercular peritonitis. 
 At U. S. (jeneral Hospital No. 21, Denver, Colo., several months. 
 Discharged at Denver, Colo., Nov. 6, 1919. with total disability. 
 
 JOHNSON, John, (it) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Geo. W. Johnson, Triumph, Minn. 
 Born at Waverly Twp,, Martin County, Aug. 2S, 1895, and resi- 
 dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 2, 19 18, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 318th Supply 
 Train, 6th Div., at Camp Wads worth, S. C. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., July 14. 19 18, arriving at Leila vre, France, 
 July 31, 19 18. Engaged at \'osges Sector and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Returned to U. S. June 22, 1919. discharged July 3, i9'9i at 
 Camp Grant. 111. 
 
 JOHNSON, Lawrence, (lit) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Gus Johnson, Triumph, Minn. 
 Born at Calamus, Iowa. April 2, 1894. Resident of Waverly 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. May 
 26, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery F, 
 39th Field Artillery, Camp Lewis, Wash. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 8, 19 19. 
 
 JOKIE, H. H. CUJ Private. 
 
 Born in 1899. Resident of Winnebago, Minn., when called to 
 federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 17, 1917. Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. Transferred and sent overseas. No further record. 
 
 JOHNSON, Clarence Marshal. (4) Private. Son ol: 
 Oscar Johnsdu, Sherluirn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., April 22, 1896. Resident of Elm 
 Creek Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
 June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 
 344th Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 8, 1918. arriving at Liverpool. England, 
 Sept. 21, 19 18. Returned to L'. S. July 8. 1919. discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 19, 1919. 
 
 JOHNSON, Donald Warner. (5) Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of Dr. and Mrs. II. P. Johnson, Fairmont, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Long Prairie, Minn., July 31, 1897. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted Dec. 13, 19 17, at Chicago, 111., as flying 
 cadet in Aviation Section, Signal Corps, Regular Army. Trained 
 at V. S. Army Military School of Aeronautics, Urbana, 111. 
 Commissioned Nov. 4, 1918, as flying officer. Served at Kelly 
 Field, Texas; Rockwell Field, San Diego, Calif.; Post Field, 
 Lawton, Okla. : Camp Boyd, El Paso. Texas. On Mexican border 
 flying patrol. Discharged July 1, 1919. 
 
 JOHNSON. Edward Manuel. ( c, ) Private. Parents 
 
 deceased. 
 Born Aug. 10, 1891, at Nicollet County, Minn. Resident of 
 Sherburn, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 341st 
 Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Hqs. Co. 
 312th Inf., 78th Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 21, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to \J. S. May 25, 19 19, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 2, 1919. 
 
 JOHNSON, Fred Jurgen. (7) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Jurgen Johnson, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Friesland, Germany, Aug. 23, 1892. Married, one child. 
 Employed at Topeka, Kansas, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Aug. 26, 1918 as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp 
 ■Grant, 111., and assigned to 15th Co., i6ist Depot Brigade. Dis- 
 ■charged on account of physical disqualifications on Aug. 28, 
 1918. Died at Welcome, Minn., of influenza, Oct. 11, 1918. 
 
 JONES, Arthur. (12) Private First Class. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Homer C. Jones. I'*airmont, Minn. 
 
 Born Oct. 21, 1898, at Sherburn, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., June 28, 1918, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 13 ist Base Hospital 
 2nd Army Corps. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Oct. 12, 
 1918, arriving at Cherbovirg, France. Oct. 24, 1Q18. Returned to 
 U. S. June 3, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June i*, 
 1919. 
 
 JONES, Ernest. (13) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Clifford E. Jones of Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Feb. 3, 1901. Resident 
 of I'airmont when enlisted in S. A. T. C. in Oct., 1918. Sent 
 to Mamline L^niversity, St. Paul, for training. Discharged Dec, 
 19 1 8. 
 
 JONES, Frank O. (14) Sergeant. Son of C. B. 
 
 Jones, Ames, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Coon Rapids, Iowa, Aug. 4. 1886. Resident of Fairmont, 
 I^Iinn., when inducted at that place July 26. 1918, as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned'to Hq. "Co. 54th Pioneer Inf., at 
 Cami) Wads worth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News. Va., 
 Aug. 29, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 19 18. En- 
 gaged in ileuse-Argonne oflfensive. With Army of Occupation, 
 Returned to V. S. June 23, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant, 
 111., July 3, 1919. 
 
 JONES, Glenn Allen. (15) Private. Son of Mr, and 
 
 Mrs. I'eter Jones, Winnehago, Minn. 
 
 Born at Youngstown, 111., April 16, 1882. Married. Resident 
 of Winnebago, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at Fairmont, Minn.. July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Supniy Company, 123rd Field Artillery, 
 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, ar- 
 riving abroad July 11, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Returned to V. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 
 
 JOHNSON, Henry R. ( s ) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. A. J. Johnson, Dunnell, Minn. 
 Born Nov. 27, 1895, at Boone, Iowa. Resident of Dunnell, Minn., 
 when inducted at F'airmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in 
 artillery, N. A. Assigned to Field Artillery, 86th Div., at 
 
 JONES, John E. (10) Private. 
 
 Born in 1889. Resident of Winnebago, Minn., when called to 
 federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 15, 191 7, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M., 
 and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div. Transferred in 
 1918 and sent overseas. No further record. 
 
 131 
 
JORGENSEN, Christian S. (1) Private. Parents 
 (Mr. and Mrs. Jens C. Jorgensen) live at Onsel, 
 Denmark. 
 
 Born at Onsel, Denmark, AFarcli 8, 1885. Came to United States 
 in 1913, making home with Mr. and Mrs. Nels Nelson, East Chain 
 Twp., working at Xewell, Iowa, when inducted at Storm Lake, 
 Iowa, July 18, 1918. as a private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 
 Co. I, 347th Inf.. 87th Div. Trained at Camp Dodge and Camp 
 Pike. Embarked from New York. June 20. ^1918. arrived in 
 France July 7. 1918. Engaged at Soissons, St. Mihiel, Cham- 
 paigne, Meuse-Argonne. Severely wounded Nov. 4, 1918, by 
 machine gun fire — left foot, right leg, and right hand. Returned 
 to U. S. April 17, 1919. Discharged May 2, 1919. at Camp 
 Dodge, with 25 per cent disability as result of wounds. Natural- 
 ized while in the army. 
 
 JORGENSEN, Eli M. {'2) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mr. and .Mrs. Julm Jorgensen. Ornishy, Minn, 
 
 Resident of Galena Twp., Martin County, wlien inducted at Fair- 
 mont. ]Minn., Feb. 26, 1918. as private in engineers, N. A. As- 
 signed to 48th Co., 20th Engineers. Trained at Camp Dodge 
 and Wasliington, D. C. Embarked from Iloboken, N. J., May 
 22, 1918. Arrived at Brest. France, May 31. 1918. Returned to 
 U. S. June 21, 1919. Discharged June 30, 1919, at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. 
 
 JORGENSEN. Harry Alvin. (3) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. antl Mrs. Hans Jorgensen. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Rorn March 5, 1895. at Cedar Falls, Iowa. Resident of Silver 
 Lake Twp., Martin County. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., June 26, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
 to Co. L, 344th Inf.. 86th Div., at Camp Grant. 111. Embarked 
 from Hohoken. N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving abroad Sept. 21, 
 1918. Returned to *U. S. March 24. 1919, discharged April 4, 
 1919. 
 
 KASPERSON, Luie Oliver. (0) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Air. and Mrs. Peter Kasperson, Granada, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, March 9, 1896, 
 and resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 June 15, 1918, as truck driver, general service. Trained at 
 University of Minnesota and Camp Sherman, Ohio. Assigned 
 to Co. B, 327th Machine Gun Battalion, 84tb Div., at Camp 
 Sherman. Ohio. Transferred to 250th Military Police Co. Em- 
 barked from Quebec, Canada, Sept. 4, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, 
 France. Sept. 18, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 15, 1919. dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 23, 1919- 
 
 KAMINSKI, Frank, (in) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 AFrs. l^rank Kaniinski, Sihor Lake Twp., ^lartin 
 Co., Minn. 
 Born Jan. 7. 1896, at Peru, 111. Resident of Silver Lake Twp., 
 Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 26, 
 1918, as a private in infantry. Assigned to camp units at Camp 
 Grant, 111. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 KEELER, William Newell, (ll) Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. M. Keeler, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County, Jan. 20, 1S96. Resi- 
 dent of Fairmont. Minn., when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at that place July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred to Hcj. Company, 34th Div., later to enlisted per- 
 sonnel Hq., 34th Div. as topographer. Transferred in France to 
 Co. E, 49th Inf. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 17, 1918, 
 arriving at LeHavre, France. Oct. 3, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
 Jan. 16, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 19, igig. 
 
 JUHL, Chris Hans. (4) Private. Son of Hans Julil. 
 Fulda, Minn. 
 
 Unrn at West Liberty, Iowa. Jan. 11, 1888. Married, 3 children. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 
 5. 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 5th Co., i6tst 
 Depot Brigade, Camp Grant. 111. Transferred to Co. A. 4th Bn.. 
 Inf., Replacement Troops. Camp MacArthur, Texas. Discharged 
 Dec. 23, 1918 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 KAHLER, Freddie Henry. (5) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Edward Kahler. Slierburn. Minn. 
 
 Born at that place June 9, 1894, and resident thereof when In- 
 ducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry, 
 N. A. Assigned to Co. No. 5, 1 6 1 st Depot Brigade, at Camp 
 Grant, 111. Ill in hospital at Camp Grant, Oct. 1 to Nov. 9, 
 1918. Discharged at Camp Grant, Dec. 12, 1918. 
 
 KAHLER, Edwrard Louis, (fi) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Kahler, Sherburn, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Sherburn. Minn.. Jan. 9, 1894. Resident of Manyaska 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 26, 19 1 8, as private in infantry. Assigned to Hqs. Co., 54th 
 Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from New- 
 port News. \'a., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 
 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
 29, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 
 
 KANTACK, Bennie PauL (7) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Albert Kantack, Winnebago, Minn. 
 Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, March 22, 1S98, and 
 resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
 22, 1918, as private in engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp Forrest, 
 Ga., and assigned to recruit training company. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 19 19. 
 
 KANTACK, Joseph. (8) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Albert Kantack, Winnebago. Minn. 
 
 Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County. Minn., Oct. 16, 1894. 
 Resident of Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
 l-'airmont, Minn., as private in Motor Transport Corps. Assigned 
 to duty at Camp Grant. 111., serving at that place until discharged 
 at Camp Grant, April 26, 1919. 
 
 KEITH, Lester. ( l::") Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Geo. L. Keith, Martinsville. 111. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 
 -M. 1917. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E. 115th 
 Inf.. 34th Div., Camp Cody. N. M. Discharged for physical 
 disability at Camp Cody. N. M., May 22, 191S. 
 
 KEITH AHN, Ralph Richard, (l.!) Private. Son of 
 
 Air. and Mrs. R. 11. Keithahn, Fairmont, Alinn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Jan. 29, 1898. Resident of Silver 
 Lake Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Northfield, Minn., 
 Oct. II, 19 18, as a private in the S. A. T. C. Trained at 
 Carieton College, Northfield, Minn. Discharged at Northfield, 
 Minn., Dec. 11, 1918. 
 
 KELLANDER, Knute Seth. (14^ Private. Parents 
 deceased. 
 
 Resident of East Chain Twp., Mai tin County, when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, 
 S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, ar- 
 riving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1919. Engaged at Meuse- 
 Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 19 19, discharged at 
 Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 
 
 KELLERMAN, William Frederick. (15) Corporal. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ferdinand Klindt, Sherburn, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at St. Paul, Minn., March 13, 1893, and employed at that 
 place when enlisted at St. Paul, July 12, 1917, as private in 
 infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to Co. B, 41st Inf., loth 
 Div., at Ft. Snelling, Minn., later to Camp Funston, Kansas. 
 Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 23, 19 19. 
 
 KELLY, Edw^ard P. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John Kelly, Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, and resident 
 thereof when inducted ^t Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 19 18, as 
 private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E, 332nd Field 
 Artillery 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at Camp Rob- 
 inson, Wis. Transferred m France to 6th Engineer Trains. 
 Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 16, 1918, arriving at Le- 
 Havre, France. Oct. 4, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 17, 1919. 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111., May 29, 1919- 
 
 133 
 
_.:J 
 
KELLY. James Eugene. (U Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Mary Kelly, I'airmont, Minn. 
 )Jorn at Kutliton, Minn., Nov. 17, 1888. Resident cf Kairir.unt. 
 Minn., wlien inducted at that place Sept. 21. 1917- Sent to 
 Camp Dodge. Iowa, and from there to Camp Cody, N. M.. where 
 he was assigned to Co. B. 109th Eng.. 34th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, X. T., Sept. 17, 1918, arriving at Liverpool. Eng- 
 land. Sept. 29, 19 18. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 2, 1919- 
 
 KELLY, Thad. E. (2) Private. Son of Mrs. Mary 
 
 Kelly, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Pipestone. Minn.. March 8. 1883. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks. Mo.. June 29, 1918. 
 as private in Coast Artillery Corps. Regular Army. Physically 
 disqualified and discharged. July 17. 1918. 
 
 KELZ, Andrew Carl. (3) Saddler. Son of Mrs. 
 Mary Kelz. Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Born at Sherburn. Minn., May 30, 1889. Resident of Ceylon. 
 Minn., when inducted at Tairmont, Minn.. Feb. 25. 1918, as 
 private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to 350th Field Hospital. 
 313th Sanitary Train, 8Sth Div., as Saddler, at Camp Dodge. 
 Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 17, 1918. arriving 
 at LeHavre, [-"ranee, Sept. 5. 1918. Engaged at Haute- Alsace. 
 France. Returned to U. S. Jujie -i, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge. Iowa. June 15. 1919. 
 
 KENT, Clarence Earl. (4) Sergeant First Class. 
 
 Son of Fred E. Kent, Janesvillc, Minn. 
 
 Born at Nevada, Iowa, Sept. 20, 1895. Served on Mexican border 
 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of Winnebago. 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 19 1 7, as private in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E, i.^6th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
 ferred to 109th Field Signal Bn., 34th Div., to 235th .'Vero 
 Squadron, Kelly Field, Texas, and to 615th .Aero Squadron at 
 .Souther Field. Ga. Bayonet instructor at Officers Training School 
 at Camp Gordon, Ga. Embarked from Hoboken, \. J.. Oct. jj. 
 igi8, arriving at Liverpool, England, Nov. 8, 1918. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 24, 1919. 
 
 KIBBE, Lawrence Allen. (0) Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of M'. and Mrs. F. E. Kibbe, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born Dec. 9. 1S95, at Deep River, Iowa. Resident of Granada, 
 i\Iinn., when enlisted at Ft. Des Moines. Iowa. July i, 1917, as 
 private in infantry. National Guard, in federal service. .Assigned 
 to Co. B, ist Iowa Inf., .\. G., later changed to Co. B, 133rd 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to 4th Re- 
 serve Officers Training School, Camp Cody, N. M. and com- 
 missioned. Instructor in infantry tactics, infantry replacement 
 training camp at Camp MacArthur, Texas. Discharged Dec. 
 7, 1918. 
 
 KIETZER, Edwin Arnold. (10) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Airs. M. .\. Kietzer, Truman, Alinn. 
 
 Married. Born at Blue Earth County. Minn.. June 12. 1S92. 
 Resident of Truman. Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, 
 Mo. Feb. 5. 1917. as private in Quartermaster Corps, Regular 
 Army Trained at lefTerson Barracks, Mo., and assigned to 
 Remount Station. Southern Department, at Ft. Reno. Okla., where 
 he served continuously throughout the war. Discharged March 
 25. 1920. 
 
 KILBRIDE, Leo William. (11") Corporal. Son of 
 
 J...lin Kilbride, .\llicrt Lea, Minn. 
 
 Born at .\lbert Lea. Minn., .-\pril 1;. 1S94. Resident of Fairniont, 
 Minn when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 that place Tulv 15, 1917, as private in infantry. .Assigned to 
 Co E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 in France to Co. M. 19th Inf.. 4tli Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N T Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, about Oct. 22, 
 1918. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6. 1910, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, .\ug. 13. 1919. 
 
 KITZEROW, Elmer H. (l~') Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Henry F. Kitzerow, Truman, Minn. 
 Born at Frankfort, 111., Oct. 25, 1895. Resident of Truman. 
 Minn., when inducted =lt Fairmont Minn.. Feb. 25, '918. as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 35ist Inf., 88th 
 Div at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to 43rd Engineers at 
 Washington. I). C. Transferred in France to 4^n(l E"^'"^^," 
 and later to 45th Co., 20th Engmeers. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N I May 10, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 23- '9i8- 
 Returned to U. S. June i, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, June 9, 1919, 
 
 KENNEDY, Joseph A. (.-.) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Michael Kennedy, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born March 22, 1896, at Dwiglit, 111. Employed at Swea City. 
 Iowa, when inducted at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Sept. 22, 19 17. as 
 private in infantry, N. A. -Assigned to Co. F, 350th Inf., 88th 
 Div., at Camp Dodge. Transferred to Co. G, 347th Inf.. 87th 
 Div., at Camp I'ike, .Arkansas, later to Signal r)etacliment, Hq. 
 Co., same organization. Embarked from Philadelphia, Pa., .Aug. 
 24, 191S, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 22, 1918. Returned 
 to U. S. Dec. 31, 1918, discharged Jan. 18. 1919, at Camp Sher- 
 man, Ohio. 
 
 KLEINSCHMIDT, Adolph Edward, (i:;) Corpo- 
 ral. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Kleinschmidt, Fair- 
 mont, Minn. 
 Born at Rolling Green Twp.. Martin County, Feb. ^o, .1895. anJ 
 resident of that place when inducted at I'airmont Minii., .luly 
 26 IQ18. as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 
 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from 
 Newport News. Va., Aug. 29. 1918. arriving at Brest, France, 
 Sent. 12. igi8. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
 Tune 26, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111.. July 3, 1919- 
 
 KENNEDY, John P. (il) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Michael Kennedy, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Employed at Swea City. Iowa, when enlisted at Ft. Dodge, 
 Iowa, May 29, 1917, as jirivate in infantry. Regular .Army. As- 
 signed to Co. E, 42nd Inf.. and transferred to Co. E, 43rd Inf. 
 Stationed at various military posts and camps in the United 
 States and still in service. June i. 1920. 
 
 KESLER, Paul Stanley. (T) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Wilbiirn Kesler, Winnebago, Minn. 
 
 Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Dec. 9, 1897. Married. 
 Resident of Winnebago, Minn., when called to federal service 
 from National Guard, July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Co. M, 39th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J., October 13. 191S, arriving at Liverpool, 
 England, (Jet. 2^, 1918. Under medical treatment from Nov. 16, 
 1918, to end of service. Returned to L^ S. about Jan. 1, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 3, 1919. 
 
 KLEINSCHMIDT, Gustave A. (14) Private. Son of 
 
 Fred Rleinschmidt. Springtield, Minn. 
 Born at Wheatland. N. D., Dec. 5, 1893. Resi'dent of Fair- 
 mont. Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Headquarters Co.. 54th Pioneer 
 Inf Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
 \'a ' \ug 29 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Taken ill with pneumonia and 
 diphtheria at the front Sept. 29, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 
 16. 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, III., I'eh. 3, 1919. 
 
 KLENZ, Walter F. (15) Private First Class. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Louis Klenz, Peotone, 111. 
 Born at Peotone^ 111., Oct. 24. 1892. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place July 25. 1918, as private 
 in infantrv, N. A. Assigned to Co. I. 341st Inf.. 86th Div., 
 at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in France to Co. E. 105th 
 Inf., 27th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J.. Oct. 20, 1918, 
 arriving at LeHavre. France. Nov. 3, 19'8. Returned to U. b. 
 March 6, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 31, 1919- 
 
 KESSLER, Frank. (S) Corporal. Parents deceased. 
 
 Born at SumniersviUe. West \'a.. Nov. 28. 1892. Served on 
 Mexican border in 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resi- 
 dent of Truman, Minn., when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private 
 in infantry. .Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. .A, 144th Inf., 36tli 
 Div., later to Co. D. same command. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J.. Oct. 12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, l-'rance, Oct. 31), 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. June 6, 1919. discharged June 16, 1919, 
 
 KLUG, Paul Carl. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Carl King. Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born at Tenhassen Twp.. Martin County. Minn., June 26, 1894. 
 Resident of Lake Belt Twp-, Martin County, when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 .Assigned to Co. L. 351st Inf., 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Transferred to Co. D, 33rd Engineers, at Camp Devens, Mass. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, .N. J., May 10. 1918, arriving at Brest, 
 France, May 25, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 2, 1919, dis- 
 charged June 12, 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 135 
 
KNOLL, Edward Elmer. (1) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Fred Kntill. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at St. James. Minn., April 21, 1894. Tliree years service 
 in Minnesota National Guard. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
 when inducted at that place May 26. 1918, as private in infantry, 
 X. A. Assigned to Co. K, 364th Inf., gist Div.. at Camp Lewis. 
 Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 12. 1918. arriving 
 at LeHavre, France, July 19, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel 
 and Meuse-Argonne. Severely wounded, both hands, by machine 
 gun fire in Argonnes. Sept. 28, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 
 II, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 24, 1919- 
 
 KLUSENDORF, Henry R. (2) Private First Qass. 
 
 Son of Henry KUisendorf, Welcome. Minn. 
 Born at Papaneam, 111., in 1892. Resident of Fraser Twp., Martin 
 County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. May 26, 19 18. as 
 private in medical corps, N. A. Assigned to duty at Ease Hos- 
 pital, Camp Lewis, Wash. Discharged April 8, igig. 
 
 KLUSENDORF, Herman Frederick. ( ;; ) Corporal. 
 
 Son of Henry Klusendorf, Welcome. Minn. 
 "Born at Martinton. III., Feb. i.^. 1896. Resident of Fraser 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Sept. 21, 
 19 1 7, 3s a private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, and from there transferred to Camp Cody, N. ^L, where he 
 was assigned to Co. K, 136th Inf. Transferred to 245th Bakery 
 Co. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 11. 1918. Returned to 
 U. S. in June. 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 
 2J, 1919. 
 
 KNOLL, Fred J. (4) Sergeant. Son of Air. and 
 Mrs. Fred Knoll. Fairnnint. Minn. 
 
 Born at Waseca. Minn., Oct. 13, 1890. Previously served in Co. 
 E, 2nd Inf., Minn. Xational Guard. Employed at Dundee. 111., 
 when inducted at Elgin. 111., .Sept. 18. 1917, as private in infantry, 
 N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 342nd Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 
 111. Transferred to Co. H, 130th Inf., 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, 
 Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 18. 1918, arriving 
 at Brest. France. May 24, 1018. Engaged at the Somme, St. 
 Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Gassed Xov. id, 1918. Citation for 
 Distinguished Service Cross. Nov. in, 1918. Returned to (J. S. 
 Feb. 7, 19 1 9, discharged with disability. May u, 19 19. 
 
 KNUDSEN, Knud C. C. ) Private. Son of Xels C. 
 Knndsen, Skeve, Denmark, where he was born 
 Aug. 7, 1894. 
 
 Came to U. S. in 19 14. Resident of Fairmont. Minn., when 
 inducted at that place May 2j, 1918. as private in infantry, N. 
 A. .Assigned to Co. G, 361st Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, 
 Wash. Transferred in France to Co. M, iiotli Inf., 28th Div. 
 Embarked from Hoboken. X. J., June 5. 1918, arriving at 
 LeHavre, France, June 20, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 16, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 26, 1919. 
 
 KOENECKE, Charlie. (9) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Maggie Krielis. Huntington, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Blue Island. III., May 23, 1887. Employed at Chicago, 
 111., when inducted May it, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 Sent to Camp Wadsworth, S. C, and assigned to 6th Div., Am- 
 munition Train. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., July 14, 1918, 
 arriving at Liverpool, England. July 26, 1918. Engaged at 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 11, i9'9. discharged 
 at Camp Grant, 111., June 2^. 1919- 
 
 KOERNER, William H. (aO) Private First Class. 
 
 Parents deceased. ■ '^' ■ *^' 
 
 Born June 6, 1887, and resided in Jay Twp.; Martin County, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Sept. 21. 1917. as a 
 private in Inf., X. A. Trained at Camp Cody, N. M. Assigned 
 to Co. B. 135th Inf., 34th Div. Transferred in France to Co. T, 
 166th Inf., 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J.. June 28, 
 1918. Arrived at T^Havre, France, July 12, 1918. Engaged at 
 Chateau-Thierry. With Army of Occupation. Returned to -LT. S., 
 April 25. 1919.' Discharged May 12, 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 KOLB, Otto Henry. (U) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Martin Kolb. Norwood Park, 111. 
 
 Born at Xiles, Cook Co., 111.. Feb. 9. 1895. Resident of Ceylon, 
 ^linn.. when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 25, 1918. Sent 
 to Camp Grant. 111., and assigned to 6th Co., i6ist Depot Brigade. 
 Transferred to Camp Hancock, Ga., Oct. i, 1918. In hospital 
 for influenza and pneumonia 10 weeks. Discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111., March 8, 1919* 
 
 KOROLEWSKI, Stanley A. ( i:.' » Private First Class. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Korolewski, Fair- 
 mont. Minn. 
 
 Born Nov. 15, 1896, at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
 Resident of Silver Lake Twp., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
 Sept. 21. 19 1 7, as private in infantry. X. A. .\ssigned to Co. 
 E, 135th Inf.. 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. 
 M, 30th Inf., 3rd Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 X^. t.. Tune 27. IQ18. .Xr rived at LeHavre. France, July 14, 
 1918. Engaged at Charmel-Chau. River \'esle, St. Mihiel, Aisne- 
 Marne. \'esle Sector. Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. Aug. 
 23, 1919. Discharged Aug. 28, 19'9. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 KOTEWA, Stanley Edward, (i::) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Jos. Kotewa, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Silver Lake, Martin County, Oct. 7, 1892. Married. 
 Resident of Silver Lake Twp., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Feb. 25. 1918, as private in infantry. X. A. .Assigned to Co. 
 L, 351st Inf., 88th Div., at Canr) Dodge, Iowa. Transferred 
 to Co. E. 49lh Inf. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J.. July 27, 
 igi8. arriving at Brest. France, Aug. 6. 1918. Engaged at Meuse- 
 Argonne and Thiaucourt. Returned to -U. S. May 11, 1919* 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 24. 1919- 
 
 KNUTH, William Ernest, (fj) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Knuth, Dunnell, Minn. 
 Eorn at Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, Nov. 28, 1892, and resi- 
 dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 19 18, as 
 private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. A, 314th Ammunition 
 Train, 89th Div. Trained at Camps Dodge, LTpton, and Mills. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N^. J.. June 28. 191S, arriving at 
 Liverpool, England, July 10, 19 18. Engaged at !Meuse-Argonne 
 offensive Sept. 26 to Xov. 11, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 24, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 4, 1919. 
 
 KRAFT, George M. (14) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Kraft, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fox Lake Twp., Martin County. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 24, 1918. as private 
 in infantrv. X. A. Assiened to Co. L, 351st Inf., Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J.. Aug. 15. 1018, nrnvnig 
 at Cherbourg. France, Sept. 6, 19 18. Engaged at Haute-Alsace. 
 Returned to"^ U. S. May 31. 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. June 9, 1919- 
 
 KOCH, John. (7) Private. Son of Frank Koch, 
 Welcome, Minn. 
 
 Born in Germany, July 21, 1896. Resident of Welcome, Minn., 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Aug. 8, igi8, as private in 
 infantry. X. .-\. Assigned to loth Bn. at Camp MacArthur, 
 Texas. Transferred to Camp Merritt, 42nd Co. O. A. R. D. 
 Discharged Dec. 18, igiS, at Cam]) Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 KOCH, Louis E. (s) Private First Class. Sou of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Fred Koch. Roselle, 111. 
 Eorn at DuPage County, 111., Nov. 23, 1S90. Resident of Jay 
 Twp., Martin Covnity, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 3, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D, 5th 
 Training Regiment, Camp Grant, 111. Transferred successively 
 to Base Hospital No. 134, Camp Wadsworth, .S. C. ; General 
 Hosjiital No. 23, Hot Springs, N. C. : and General Hospital 
 No. 12 at Biltmore, M. C. Discharged at Camp Dodge, luwa, 
 Aug. 30, 1919. 
 
 KRAMER, August E. (1,5) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 .Mrs. Hfury Kramer, Triumph, Minn. 
 
 r.orn at Peoria, III. Resident of Triumph, Minn., when inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn.. April 29, 1918, as private in the medical 
 corps, N. A. Assigned to 352nd Ambulance Co., 313th Sanitary 
 Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 .\'. J., July II, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, ".Xug. 31, 
 1918. Engaged at Haute- .\lsace. Returned to LT. S. June 4, 
 1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 15, 1918. 
 
 KRAMER, Carl Charley. (Hi) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Fred Kramer, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at that place May 4, 1897, and resident thereof when 
 enlisted at Mankato, Minn., April 29, 1918, as private in Coast 
 .\rtillerv Corps, Regular Armv. Assigned to Hq. Co., 38th 
 Regt., C. A. C, at Camp Eustis, Va. Discharged March 28, 1919. 
 
 137 
 
KRAUSE, Oswald Herman, (l) First Sergeant. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. I. \\. Kraiise. F"airniont, Minn. 
 Born April 19. 1897. at Alpha, Minn. Resident of Jackson, 
 Minn., when enlisted May j8, 191 8. as private in Ordnance 
 Corps, N. A. Trained at Camp Raritan. X. J. Assiened to 
 Arsenal at Canri Raritan, N, J., Transferred to U. S. Chemical 
 Plant, Saltville. \'a. Promoted sergeant and ist sergeant. Dis- 
 charged from Chemical Warfare Service, June 30, 1919, at Camp 
 Dodge. Iowa. 
 
 KRUSE, Lloyd Ronald. (9) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Henry C. Kruse, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at that place Dec. jg, 1895. and resident thereof whtn 
 called from National (iuard to federal service at Fairmont. Minn., 
 July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
 to 164th Inf., 41st Div.. later to ii6th Supply Train. Emharked 
 from Hoboken. X. J., .\pril 6. 1918. arriving at Brest. France. 
 April 14, 1918. Returned to U. S. Marcli 26, 1919. discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, April 5, 191 9. 
 
 KROENKE, H. O. (2) Sergeant. 
 
 Born in 1896. Resident of Minnesota Lake, Minn., when called 
 to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont. Minn., 
 July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody. N, M. 
 and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div. Embarked in Oct., 
 1918. Transferred in France. No further record. 
 
 KRUSE, Vernon Maurice. (10) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Henr\' C. Krnse, Welcome. Minn. 
 
 Born at that place Nov. 21, 1898. and resident thereof when 
 enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn.. Oct. 11. 1918, as private in 
 S. A. T. C. at University of Minnesota, 2nd Co., ist Regt. 
 Discharged Dec. iS. 1918. at Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 KRUEGER, Herman Peter. (:;) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Wilhelni Krueger, Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Born July 5, 1897, at O'Brien County. Iowa. Resident of Lake 
 Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
 Oct. 22, 191S, as private in Engineers, N. A. Sent to Camp 
 Forrest. (la., and assigned to Co. C, 124th Engineers. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 KRUMHOLZ, Elbert E. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and .Mrs. Aug. Krumholz, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at ]''airmont, Minn., Feb. 2, 1895. Resided there when in- 
 ducted at that place July 15, 1918, as private, general service, N. 
 A. .'\ssigned to Co. .\, at Ounwoody Institute, Minneapolis, for 
 training. Transferred to Co. G, i rth Depot Bn., .Army Service 
 Corps, at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Nov. 2. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Nov. 9, 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. Aug. 3, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 
 111., .\ug. II. 1919. 
 
 KUETHER, Herbert Fredrik. ill) Private. Son of 
 J. F. Kuetlier, Sirin, Wisconsin. 
 
 Born Oct. 28, 1893, at Faribault, Minn. Employed at St. 
 James, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. July 26, 1918, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co.. 54th Pioneer 
 Inf., at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
 Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, 
 and discharged July 3, 1919. at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 KUFFEL Felix J. (l.M Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Feii.K KniTel. Delhi, 111. 
 Born at Spring Valley, 111., Aug. 28, i8go. Resident of Truman, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sent 5, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. .\. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., from there 
 to Camp Flancock, Ga., and assigned to Co. E 3rd Bn Machine 
 Gun Training Center. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 
 28, 1919. 
 
 KRUMHOLZ, John. (5) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Aug. Krumholz, Fairmont, Alinn. 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 24, 1888. Resided there when in- 
 ducted at that place Sept. 21, 1917, as iirivate in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 135th Inf., 34tli Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Discharged for physical disability at Camp Cody, X. M., Feb. 
 16, 1918. 
 
 KUJUWA, John. (13) Private. 
 
 Born in uSgi Permanent lionie is at Owatonna, Minn. Resided 
 in Fairmont Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at that place, July 15. 1917. as private in infantry, bent 
 to Camp Codv. N. M., and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th 
 Div. Transferred in June, 1918, and sent overseas. Returned in 
 1919. No further record. 
 
 KRUMHOLZ, Louis J. (6) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Airs. .\ug. Ivrumholz, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born May 14, 1890, at Fairmont, Minn., and resident of that 
 place when enlisted at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 5, 1917. as 
 private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E. 338th Field 
 Artillery, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Aug. 18, 1918, arriving at Cherbourg. France, Sept. 14, 
 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 5, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 17, 1919. 
 
 KRUMWIEDE, Otto A. (7) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and .Mrs. Henry Krumwiede. Welcoine. Minn. 
 Born March 28, 1895, at Galena Twp., Martin County. Married, 
 I child. Employed at Big Sandy, Mont., when inducted at Ft. 
 Benton, Mont., Jan. 2, 1918. as a private in infantry, -X. -\. As- 
 signed to Co. F, 117th Supply Train, 42nd Div., at Camp Lewis, 
 Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., March 14, 1918, arriving 
 at LeHavre, France, .\pril 3, 1918. Engaged at Soissons, Chateau- 
 Thierry, Champaigne, St. Miliiel. Meuse-Argonne and Toul Sector. 
 Run over by truck, right leg fractured^, in Argonnes Nov. i, 1918. 
 Discharged with 20 per cent disability. Returned to U. S. 
 March 4, 1919, discharged at Ft. Snelling, ilinn., June 23, 1919. 
 
 KUMLE, Anton Cornelius. (14) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Bernt Kumle, Madclia, Minn. 
 
 Born in Norway. .April 27. 1893. Resident of Madeha, Minn., 
 when called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
 Minn., July 13, 1917, as private in infantry. .Assigned to Co. 
 E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 in France to ist Engineers, ist Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N J. June 28, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, July 10, 191S. 
 Engaged at Soissons. Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.Ar- 
 gonne- Wounded Oct. 5, 1918, in face and leg by high ex- 
 plosive shell in .Argonnes. Returned to U. S. Aug. 28, 1919. 
 discharged at Camp Grant. 111.. Sept. 25, 1919. 
 
 KUNTZ, Roy Frederick. (1.5) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Henry Kuntz, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Strawn. 111., July 9. 1898. Resident of Jay Twp., Mar- 
 tin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, 
 as private in engineers, N. -A. Assigned to 13th Provisicinal 
 Recruit Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge. 
 Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 KRUSE, Claude Julius. (8) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 -Mrs. J. F. Kruse. Manning, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Manning, Iowa, Oct. 19, 1894. Resided at Ceylon, Minn., 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26. 1918, as private in 
 infantry, N. .-\. .Assigned to Co. K, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp 
 Lewis, Washington. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 12, 
 1918. arriving at LeHavre, F'rance, July 20, 1918. Engaged at 
 St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Wounded by high explosive 
 shell, slightly, in Argonnes, Sept. 27, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
 .April I, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 1919. 
 
 LANDE, Elmer D. (16) Corporal Parents deceased. 
 Born at Watonwan County, Minn., Aug. 19, 1898. Resi- 
 dent of Jackson. Minn., when called from National Guard 
 to federal service at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as 
 private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at 
 Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. M, 39th Inf., 
 4th Div.; later to Co. F. same regiment. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. T.. Oct. 13, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, France, Oct. 
 30, 1918. Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. 
 .Aug. 6, 1919. Discharged Aug. 13, 1919 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 139 
 
lii 
 
LANDSTEINER, Joseph, (l) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Krank Landsteiner, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Nov. 28. 1895. and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918. 
 as private in infantry, X, A. Assigned to Co. G, 361st Inf., 
 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., July 5, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 25. 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Severe shrapnel wound left heel, 
 Sept. 29, 1918. in the Argonnes. In hospital 4 months. Returned 
 to U. S. March 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 
 I, 1919. 
 
 LARSON, Albert Herman. (9) Private. Son of 
 
 Gust Larson. San Gabriel, Calif. 
 Born at Lucas. Iowa, March 15. 1887. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 27, 1918, as a private 
 in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st Inf., 88th Div.. at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. K, 139th Inf., 35th Div., 
 at Camp Mills, L. I. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Apr. 
 24, 1918. arriving at T^Havre, France, May 11, 1918. Engaged at 
 Wesserling, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Severe shrapnel 
 wounds Sei)t. 28, 19 18. Returned to V. S. April 24, 19 19, 
 discharged at Camp Grant. 111., May 2, 1919- 
 
 LANE, Ertle Cory. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. A. R. Lane, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born in Faribault County. Minn., ^^arch 23. 1895. Resident of 
 Center Creek Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fair- 
 mont, Minn., Sept. 23, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. As- 
 signed to Depot Brigade at Camp Dodge. Iowa, but soon trans- 
 ferred to Co. C, 109th Engineers. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. 
 M. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 17, 1918, arriving at 
 LeHavre, France. Sept. 30, 19 18. Returned to U. S. June 26, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 2, 1919. 
 
 LARSON, Carl. (10) Private First Class. Son of 
 Mr. and -Mrs. August Swanson, Halmstad, Sweden, 
 Born at Halmstad, Sweden, Oct. 23. 1893. Resident of Granada, 
 Minn., when inrhicted at Fairmont, Minn.. April 29, 191S, as 
 private in infantry, X\ A. .Assigned to 3 13th Supply Train, 
 88th Div., at Camji Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to 603rd Engineers 
 at Ft. Benjamin Harrison. Ind.. and to Co. E, 2nd Engineers in 
 France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. i, i'ji8, arriving 
 at LeHavre. I'rance, Sept. 20, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 
 Returned to U. S. Aug. 8. 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge. 
 Iowa, Aug. 15, 1919. Claimed no exemption from military duty 
 though not a citizen of the United States. 
 
 LANGELAND, Henry O. (3) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Hans Langeland of Cedar Twp., Martin 
 County. 
 
 Born at Martin County, Aug. 19, 1894, and resided when inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, X. A. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camn Cody, X. M. 
 Transferred to Co. Xo. 3. Camp Cody Dvlpt. Bn.. account of 
 illness. Three montlis in Camp Cody Base Hospital with rheuma- 
 tism. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 19, 19 18. Re- 
 enlisted in Regular .\rmy. 
 
 LAPPIN, Basil F. (4) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 M. K. Lappin, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Feb. 13, 1896, at Stockton, 111. Served on Mexican border 
 1916-17 with Co. B, 4th S. D. Inf. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
 when called from National Guard to federal service at Sioux 
 Falls, S. D.. July 15, 19 17. as private in infantry. Discharged 
 on surgeon's certificate of disability at Sioux Falls, S. D., 
 Aug. I, 1917. 
 
 LAPPIN, Cletus C. {:^) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. M. K. Lappin, Kairmont, !Minn. 
 Born in Illinois (Warren Twp.). Sept. 26, 1894. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 21. 1917. 
 as private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. K, 135th Inf., 
 34th Div.. Camp Cody, N. M. Fell seriously ill and discharged 
 at Camp Cody, N. M., for physical disability, Oct. 30, 1917. 
 Became totally and permanently disabled as a result of disability 
 incurred in service. 
 
 LARSEN, Holger August, (ti) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. John Larsen. Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Burn at Sherburn, ^linn., Xov. 16, 1893. Employed at Bis- 
 marck, N. D., when enlisted at that place Feb. 15, 191 8, as 
 
 private in aviation. Regular Army. Assigned to 646th Aero 
 
 Supply Sfjuadron, Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 
 N. J., April 18, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, May 12, 
 
 1918. Returned to the U. S. April 20, 1919, discharged May 
 2, 1919. 
 
 LARSEN, Soren Vilhelm. (7) Private First Class. 
 Son of Hans C Larsen, Vester Aaby, Denmark, 
 where he was born April 11, 1893. 
 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 lune 25, 1918, as private in engineers, X. A. Assigned to Co. 
 B, 3 1 ith Eng., 86th Div., Camp (irant. 111. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, X. J., Sept. 9, 191 8. arriving at Liverpool, England. 
 Sept. 21, 19 18. Returned to \3. S. June 27, 19 19, discharged 
 at Camp Grant, 111., July 7, 1919. 
 
 LARSON, Albin F. (S) CorporaL Son of John Lar- 
 son, I'airmont. Minn. 
 
 Born May 8, 1890. at Fairmont, Minn. Resident of Chicago, 
 111., when inducted at Chicago, May 4, 19 18, as a private in 
 artillery, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 80th Field Artillery, 
 7th Div., at Camp MacArthur, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Aug. 18, 1918. Arrived at Brest, l-'rance, Aug. 27, 1918. 
 Served with Army of Occupation. Returned to LT. S. June 20, 
 1919. Discharged June 30, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 LARSON, Miltcn Johannes. (H) Corporal. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Larson, Bunnell, Minn. 
 
 Born at ]-2stherville, Iowa, Oct. 16, 1895. Resident of Lake 
 Fremont Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Feb. 25, 19 18, as private in infantry. X^, A. Assigned 
 to Co. M, 351st Inf., 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Trans- 
 ferred to Co. F, 1 19th Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. 
 Embarked from Boston, Mass., July 16, 1918. arriving at Le- 
 Havre. France, Aug. 2, 1918. Engaged at Bellecourt, Brisigney, 
 St. Souplet, ^lizenheini, and Riebeauville. Slightly gassed. 
 Returned to LT. S. April z, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, April 12, 1919. 
 
 LARSON, Oscar Herman. (12) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of O. R. Larson, Elmore, Minn. 
 
 Born at Faribault County. Minn., June 15, 1895. Resident of 
 Elmore, Minn., w hen called to federal service from X'ational 
 Guard at Fairmont, Minn.. Jidy 15. 1917, as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to H<|. Co., 124th Field Artillery. 33rd Div. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June j8, 1918. arriving at Liver- 
 jiool, England. July 10. igi8. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Returned to L'. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 
 
 LASKER, Max Malcolm, (l.i) Private. Son of Mor- 
 ris Lasker, Springlield, Mass. 
 
 Born at Bialostock, Russia, June 15, 1892. Resident of Fairmont. 
 
 Minn., when inducted at that place May 24, 1918, as private in 
 
 infantry, X. A. -Assigned to Co. G. 361st Inf., gist Div.. at 
 
 C'amji Lewis. Wash. Embarked from Hoboken. X. T., July 5, 
 
 igi8, arriving at LeHavre. France, July 21, 1918. li^ngaged at 
 
 St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned to U. S. 
 April 15, 1919, discharged at Hoboken. X'^. J.. April 30, 1919. 
 
 LASKER, Milton. (14) Private First Class. Son of 
 
 Louis Lasker,. Springheld, Mass. 
 Born at Springfield. Mass., Nov. 18, 1899. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., wlien inducted at that place Feb. 26, 19 18, as private 
 in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st Inf., 88th Div., at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co, I, iiSth Inf., 30th Div., 
 at Camp Sevier, S. C. Later to 105th Military Police Co., joth 
 Div. Embarked 'from Philadelphia, Pa., May 11, 1918, arriving at 
 LeHavre. l-'rance, June 3, 1918. Engaged at Kemmel Hill and 
 with British against Hindenburg line. Returned to LT. S. May 
 I, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 5, 1919- 
 
 LAVRENCE, Edward Gustav. (1.5) Private. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Louise Lavrence, Henderson, Minn. 
 
 Born at Henderson, Minn., Dec. 5, 1897. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. 14, 1918, as private 
 in S. A. T. C. Assigned to Hamline L^niversity. St. Paul, Minn., 
 for training. Discharged at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 16, 1918. 
 
 LAUER, Louis James. (10) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Frank Lauer. Mendota, Minn. 
 Born Feb. 20, 1897, at St. Kilian, Minn. Resident of Elm Creek 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
 22, 191S, as private in engineers, X. A. Assigned to 13th Provi- 
 sional Recruit Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp. 
 Dotlge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 141 
 
LAURSEN, Christ. ( l) Private. Son of Mrs. Christ 
 
 Laiirsen. Viborg. Denmark. 
 Born at X'iborg, Uenmark. Dec. 7, 1887. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at Waukegan, III.. May 28, 1918, as private 
 m infantry, X. A. Assigned to 68th Co.. 6th Infantry Replace- 
 ment Unit. Camp Gordon. Ga. Transferred to \\*incliester 
 Casual Co., No. 1053. Embarked from Boston, Mass.. July 24, 
 1018, arriving abroad Aug. 8, 1918. Returned to U. S. Dec. 
 18, 1918, discharged at Columbus Barracks. Ohio, Jan. 6, 1918. 
 
 LEFFINGWELL, Elmer J. (2) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Alice Leffingwell, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at that place June 3, 18S9. Previously served in Minnesota 
 National Guard. Employed at Napa. Calif., when inducted at that 
 place Sept. 18, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
 to Co. H. 363rd Inf.. 91st Div., at Camp Lewis. Wash. Em- 
 barked from Philadelphia, Pa.. July 5, 19 18. arriving at Cher- 
 bourg, France, July 26, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Gassed in Argonnes Oct. 4, 1918, in hospital 6 weeks. 
 Returned to U. S. March 31, 1919, discharged at Presidio, Calif., 
 April 25, 1919. 
 
 LEE, Gisle John. (;;) Corporal. Son of Dr. G. M. 
 Lee. Thompson, Iowa, where he was born March 
 3. 1896. 
 
 Resident of Sherburn. Minn., when called to federal service 
 from National Guard at Mankato, Minn., July 15, 1917. Assigned 
 to Headquarters Comjiany ( Band), 136th Inf., 34th Div., at 
 Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Band of gth Inf., 2nd Div., in 
 France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving 
 at LeHavre, France, Oct. 27, 1918. With Army of Occupation. 
 Transferred to U. S. Detachment, Br'tish University, for four 
 months' school work. Returned to V. S. Aug. i, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge. Iowa, Aug. 14. 1919. 
 
 19 18, arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. iS, igiS. Engaged 
 in Haute-Alsace sector. Returned to U. S. May 28, 1919, and 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 10, 1919. 
 
 LENG, Leer E. (9) Private. Son of Mr. and Mr= 
 J<:>hn Leng, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born Oct. i, 1896, at Lee County, III. Resident of Waverly 
 Twp.. Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Aug. 8, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .\ssigned to repla'e- 
 ment troops at Camp MacArthur, Texas. Transferred to Co. 
 C, 331st Inf., 83rd i^iv., in France. Embarked from Hobok.n. 
 N. J., Sept, 23, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Oct. 6, 
 1918. Returned to U. S. April 22, 1919. and discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, ^lay 11, 1919. 
 
 LEONARD, LaVere. (lO) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. E. E. Leonard, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Westford Twp., ^Martin County, Aug. 25, 1897. Resi- 
 dent of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn.. 
 April 27, 19 18, as private in medical corps of the National 
 Army. Assigned to Post Hospital at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, 
 Indiana. Transferred at that place to medical detachment of 
 the 6oth Engineers, later changed to the 67th. 68th and 69th Cos., 
 Transportation Corps. 3rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Tune 30, 1918. arriving at Brest. France. July 13, 1918. Engaged 
 at Verdun Sector. Returned to U. S. July 8, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge. Iowa. July 15, 1919- 
 
 LESCH, Arthur Carsten. (11) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. C. F. Lesch, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Burn March 8. 1898, at Herscher. 111. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. i, 1918, in S. A. 
 T. C. Trained at St. Paul, Minn., and discharged at that place 
 Dec. 1 1, 19:8. 
 
 LEE, Royal Emory. (4) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Francis O. Lee, Jackson, Minn. 
 
 Born at Jackscn, Minn., March 27. 1894, where he resided when 
 called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
 July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
 Inf., 34.th Div., Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to 4th 
 IBattery, 158th Artillery Brigade, to Co. F, H(|. Troops, 80 th 
 Div.. and to Co. A, 305 th Ammunition Train, 80th Div. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918. arriving 
 at LeHavre, France. July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
 Argonne and minor operations. Returned to IJ. S. June i, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, 'Iowa, June 13, 1919- 
 
 LEHMAN, Edward George, (.>) Corporal. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. George Lehman, Fairmont, ]\Iinn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn., Aug. 11, 1S92, where he resided when 
 inducted at I'airmont, June 24, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 
 Assigned to Co. L. 341st Inf.. 86th Div., at Camp Grant. 111. 
 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving 
 at LeHavre, France, July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
 Argonne Offensive. Returned to U. S. July 20, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 28, 19 19. 
 
 LEIBFRIED, Frank Melchoir. (G) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Nicliolas Luibfried, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born March 29, 1894, at Sherburn, Minn. Resident of Jay Twp., 
 !Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 24, 
 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L. 351st Inf., 
 S8th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. L, 131st 
 Inf., 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., May 22, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, May 30, 19 18. 
 Engaged at battle of Sonime and Meuse-Argonne. Three wounds 
 in battle, arm and both legs. Returned to U. S. Dec. 22, 1918, 
 ■discharged Feb. 15. 19 19. 
 
 LEMKE. Albert. (7) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Carl Lemke, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born May 7. 1897. at Elmhurst, 111. Resident of Silver Lake 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
 22, 19 18, as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to 13th 
 Provisional Recruit Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Feb. i, 19 19. 
 
 LEMKE, Otto L. (8) Private First Class. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Carl Lemke. Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Born May 27. 1S94, at Anderson, 111. Employed at Estlierville, 
 Iowa, when inducted at that place June 24, 191S, as private in 
 infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 349th Inf., 88th D:v., at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 9, 
 
 LEVIK, Reinert. (\2) Private. Parents deceased. 
 
 Burn at Fossard, Norway, Aug. 3, 1S89. Resident of Ormsby, 
 Minn., w^ien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as 
 private in infantrv. N. A. Assigned to Co. G, 361st Inf.. 91st 
 Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 July 6, 1918, arriving at Glasgow. Scotland, July 20, 1918. En- 
 gaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned 
 to V. S. April 15, 1919, discharged April 28, 1919. ^t Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. 
 
 LEWELLEN, Harvie Ray (i:j) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Lcwellen. Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born at Watonwan County. Minn., May 25 1897. Resident of 
 Waverly Twp., Martin County, when inducted^ at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in engineers. N. A. Sent to 
 Camp Forrest, Ga., and assigned to engineer training company. 
 Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919- 
 
 LEWIS. Cecil William. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Thomas H. Lewis, Nashville Twp., Mar- 
 tin County. 
 Born at Faribault County, Minn., Sept. 6, 1893. Resident of 
 Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. 
 Minn., Sept. 21, 19 17, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
 to Co. I, i36tli Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 in France to Co. D, 59th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. }., June 27, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England. July 15, 
 1918. Engaged at Aisne-Marne offensive, St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Was hospital patient April 22. 1918, Mayne, Germany, 
 until discharged at Ft. Snelling Minn., Hospital, June 28, i9i9' 
 Returned to U. S. June 5, 1919- 
 
 LIDKE, Edwin Alvin. (15) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Otto Lidke, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County. Sept. 21. 1895, ^^^ resi- 
 dent of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 26, 
 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., 
 and assigned to Machine Gun Training Center at Camp Hancock, 
 Ga., where he served in 13th. 24tli and 22nd companies succes- 
 sively. Discharged Feb. 25, 1919. 
 
 LINDEL, Emil. (15) Private First Class. Son of 
 Mrs. Bertha Lindel, Vestre Toten, Norway. 
 
 Born at Vestre Toten, Norway, May 15, 1892. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn.. Dec. 12, 
 
 1917, as private in aviation, N. A. Assigned to 266th Aero 
 Squadron, Sel fridge Field, Mich. Transferred in France to 
 103rd Aero Squadron. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 17, 
 
 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, Aug. 28, 19 18. Returned to 
 U. S. April 26, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, j\lay 
 10, 1919. 
 
 343 
 
LINDELL, Harry Gustav. { i ) Private. Son of Gust 
 
 Liiidell, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Jan. r6, 1897, at Chicago. III. Resident of Rolling Green 
 Twp., Martin Connty. when enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn., March 
 18, 19 18, as private in infantry. Regular Army. Assigned to 
 Co. M, 19th Inf., at Camp Travis, Texas. Discharged Jan. 13, 
 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 LINTELMAN, William F. J. c') Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henr}- Lintelman, Welcome. Minn. 
 
 Born at Rolling Green Twp., Martin County. Feb. 12. 1891. and 
 resident of that place when indvicted at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 26, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Wadsworth, S. C, 
 and assigned to Co. A, 5th Pioneer Inf. Discharged on account 
 of physical disqualification at Camp Wadsworth, S. C., Aug. 9. 
 1918. 
 
 LIVINGSTON, James Vick. (;;) Private First Class, 
 
 Parents deceased. 
 Corn March 13, 1S73. Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
 Employed at International Falls, Minn., when enlisted May 23, 
 1917, at St. Paul. Minn., as private in artillery, Regular Army. 
 Assigned to Co. B, and later to Co. E. 6tli Reserve Engineers. 
 Regiment later changed to i6th Engineers. Trained at Detroit. 
 Mich. Embarked from New York, Aug. i, 1917, arriving abroad 
 Aug. 24, 1917. Participated in Lys Defensive and Meusc-.\rgonne 
 Offensive. Returned to U. S. April 22, 1919. discharged May 6, 
 1919. Pvt. Livingston was the oldest enlisted man to serve from 
 Martin County and was present for duty every day of his service. 
 
 LOCKARD. Lloyd Charles. (4) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Lockard. Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County, -\pril 26, 1894. Served 
 on Mexican border 1916-17 with Co. E. 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident 
 of Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at that place July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. iL 
 Transferred to Hq. Co.. same command. Transferred in France 
 to Co. H, j66th Inf.. 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. 
 June 27, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, July 15, 1918. En- 
 gaged at Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Wounded by machine gun bullet in left leg Oct. 14. igi8, in 
 Argonnes. Returned to \J. S. March 19, 19 19, discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 30, 1919. 
 
 LOFSTEDT, Einar S. (.-, I Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. C. J. Lofstedt. Wadstena. Ostergottland, 
 Sweden, where he was born April 29, 1894. 
 Served on Mexican border 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. 
 Resided in Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, when called to 
 federal service from National Guard, July 15, 1917, as private in 
 infantry, at Fairmont, Minn. Discharged at that place on exam- 
 ining surgeon's order July 26, 1917, but re-enlisted in the same 
 command Sept. 5, 1917- Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th 
 Div., at Camp Cody, X. M. Was acting sergeant when dis- 
 charged on surgeon's certificate of disability at Camp Cody, N. 
 M., Dec. 18, 1917. 
 
 and assigned to Co. L, 351st Inf., 88th Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 16, 1918, arriving abroad Aug. 24, 1918. 
 Engaged at Haute-AIsace. Returned to U, S. Feb. 11, 1919, dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, 111., March 4, 1919. 
 
 LORING, Ray Stanley. (0) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Sam Loring. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born March ig. 1890. at Center Creek Twp., ^Martin County. 
 Employed at Roundui>, Mont., when inducted at that place Aug. 
 29, 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. D. 39th Machine 
 (iun Bn.. 13th Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred to Co. 
 B, 213th Engineers at same place. Discharged Feb. 21, 1919. 
 
 LOWE, Roy Chester. (KM First Lieutenant. 
 
 Born at Mcrton. Wis.. March S. [8S3. :Married, 2 children. 
 Resident of I'airmont, Minn., when enlisted July 21, 1917, as 
 I St lieut. in Medical Reserve Corps. N. A. Assigned to Medical 
 Officers Training Camp at Ft. Riley, Kansas. Transferred to 
 research laboratory. i\iinneola. Long Island, later to duty at 
 Wilbur Wright Flying Field, Dayton, Ohio, as flight surgeon in 
 special charge of aviators as to fitness to fly, also in charge of 
 eye, ear, nose and throat department of the post hospital. Dis- 
 charged March 30, 1919. 
 
 LUBENOW, Fred Henry, (in Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Augusta Lubenow, Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born Feb. 23, 1896. at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County. Minn., 
 and resident tliereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 
 1918. as private in infantry. X. A. Assigned to Co. F, 159th 
 Inf.. 40th Div.. at Camp Kearney. Calif. Transferred in France 
 to Co. L, 307th Inf.. 77tli Div, lunbarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 .-\ug. 8, 1918. arriving abroad Aug. jq, 191 8. Engaged at St. 
 Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to V. S. May i, 1919. 
 discliarged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. May 18, 1919- 
 
 LUEDTKE, Gustav Herman. (\:n Captain. Par- 
 ents deceased. 
 
 Married. Born at Blue Earth Covnity. Minn.. Nov. 18. 1870. 
 Resident of Fairmont, iNIinn., when commissioned captain in 
 Medical Corps. Feb. 4, 1918. Assigned to Rase Hospital at Ft. 
 Riley, Kansas, after training at Camp Funston. Kansas. On 
 duty at Ft. Riley until discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Oct. 
 4. 1919- 
 
 LUEDTKE, Henry Walter, (i:;) Captain. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Lucdtke, I'"airmiint. Minn. 
 Born Sept. 27, 1886, at Amboy, Minn. Served in Minn. National 
 Guard in all grades from private to captain. Commanded Co. 
 E, 2nd Minn., Inf., on Mexican border. 1916-17. Enlisted in 
 .?nd Reserve Officers Training Camp at Ft. Snelling. Minn., 
 Aug., 1917. Commissioned ist lieut. and assigned to active duty 
 Nov. 2^/, 19 1 7, with 40th Inf., Regular Army. Served at Ft. 
 Sheridan, 111., and Ft. Riley, Kansas. On detached service at 
 Wilson, S. C, as instructor in infantry tactics, S. A. T. C. 
 Discliarged h'eb. 12. 1919. 
 
 LOOMER, Herbert Duane. (6) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. A. B. Loonier, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Charles City, Iowa, Dec. 4, 1893. Married. Employed 
 at Mason City, Iowa, when enlisted at that place June 29, 1917, 
 in Iowa National Guard. Called to federal service July 15, 1917. 
 as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. B, 125th Machine Gun 
 Bn.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Camp 
 Hancock. Ga., as machine gun instructor. Transferred to Co. 
 C. 135th Machine Gun Bn.. 37th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., July 30, 1918, arriving abroad Aug. 6. 1918. Engaged 
 at Baccarat Sector, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and with 30th 
 French Army Corps in Flanders, Lys and Scheldt drives. Re- 
 turned to v. S. March 26, 19 19. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, April i6, 1919. 
 
 LOONEY, Louis K. (7) Private. Son of Mv. and 
 Mrs. W. F. Looney, Cedar County, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Cedar County, Iowa. June 6, 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at ^linneapolis, 5linn.. July 15, 19 18. as 
 private in air service, N. A. Assigned to Dunwoody Institute 
 Training Detachment, Minneapolis, ^Minn. Trained at Air Service 
 Mechanics School, St. Paul, :\Iinn. Discharged at St. Paul, 
 Minn., Dec. 24. 19 18. 
 
 LORIG, Fred Matthev^^. (8) Private. Son of Mr, 
 
 and Mrs. John AL Lorig, Colfax, 111. 
 Born at Colfax, 111., Aug. 22, 1S90. Employed at Lake Fremont 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 25, 
 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 
 LUNGREN, Paul William. (14) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Limgren. Terril. Iowa. 
 Born at Gowrie, l6wa, Dec. 3, 1896. Resident of Monterey, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Aug. 26, 19 iS, as 
 private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to 15th Co., Depot Brigade 
 at Camp Grant, 111., where he served until discharged at that 
 place Dec. 11, 1918. 
 
 LYONS, Andrew Moses. (15) CorporaL Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. A. Lyons, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at New London, Wis., Oct. 12, 1894. Employed at 
 Owatonna, !Minn., when inducted at that place May 2, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 53rd Inf., 6th 
 Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., 
 July 6, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 28, 1918. En- 
 gaged at \"osges Sector and ileuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
 June 12, 1919, discharged June 21, 1919. 
 
 MAASS, William B. (IG) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Caroline Hallman, Kankakee, 111. 
 Born at Grant Park, 111., Feb. 8, 189S. Resident of Waverly 
 Twp., ^lartin County, when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf.. 34tii Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Battery F, 123rd Field Artillery. 33rd 
 Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. June 28. 1918. arriving 
 at LeHavre, France, July 12, 1918. Engaged at St, Mihiel and 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to V. S. May 31, 1919. discharged 
 June 12, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 145 
 
i^r^'i/Mi 
 
 pS 
 
 ^ 
 
 ' 1 ■■ 
 
MADAY, Constantine M. (1) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Andrew Maday. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Eorn Oct. ,li, i8g5. at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, ana 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., July 20, 
 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to Hq. Co.. 54th 
 _fioneer Inf.. at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Newjiort 
 News, \'a., Aug. 29. 1918. arriving at Brest, France. Sept. 12, 
 1918. Engaged at Meuse-.\rgonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 
 19x9, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 
 
 MALHEREK, Peter Edward. (9) Wagoner. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Martin Malherek, Granada, Minn. 
 P.orn at Minnesota Lake. Minn., July 30, i88g. Resident of 
 Granada. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 25, 
 1918, as private in infantry, N. .\. Assigned to Ilq. 311th Am- 
 munition Train. 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 25. 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
 Oct. 7, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 25, 1919, discharged 
 April 5, 1919. 
 
 MADAY, Frank Stanley. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Stanislaus Maday, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Nov. 14, 1895, at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C. 343rd 
 Inf., 86th Div., Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Hobol<en, 
 N. J., Sept. 14, 1918, arriving at Southampton, England, Sept. 
 21, 1918. Returned to U. S. Feb. 14, 1919, discharged March 
 I, 1919. 
 
 MALHEREK, Robert Maurice. (10) Private First 
 Class. Son of Mr. ami Mrs. Martin Malherek, 
 Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Minnesota Lake, Minn.. June 7, 1893. Resident of 
 Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Tune 25. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 
 Co. E, 311th Ammunition Train, 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 24, 1918, arriving at 
 Liverpool, England, Oct. 7. 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 20, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 9, 1919. 
 
 MADGE, Charles Henry. (;;) Private First Class. 
 
 Parents deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Herman Stett- 
 bacher, grandparents, Trinmpli, Minn. 
 Born at Madison County, 111.. Oct. 8, 1895. Employed at Irving, 
 III., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. G, 361st Inf., 91st 
 Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 July 6, 1918, arriving at Glasgow, Scotland, July 17, 1918. En- 
 gaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-.Argonne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned 
 to v. S. April 14, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 
 .28, 1919. 
 
 MANGUN, George R. (11) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. J. W. Alangun, Blooming Prairie, Minn. 
 Born Sept 11, 1889, at Toliet, 111. Married, one child. Resided 
 at Tackson, Minn., and enlisted at that place June i, iP'S, as 
 private in the Tank Corps. Assigned to Co. A, 331st Bn.. lank 
 Corps, at Camp Colt. Gettysburg, Pa. Embarked from New 
 York, .\ug. 29, 1918. .\rrived at LeHavre, France. Sept. 13, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne offensive. Returned to U. S. Alarch 
 28, 1919. Discharged at Newport News, V a., April 12, 1919. 
 
 MADSEN. Andrew M. (4) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of .Mr. ,ind Mrs. Mads Madsen. Granada. Minn. 
 
 Born at Skieve. Denmark. Feb. 15. 1895. Resident of East 
 Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted at I'^airmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry. .Assigned to Co. I. 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to 
 "Hq. Company. 123rd Field .\rtillery. 33rd Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 July 14, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-.Vrgonne. Re- 
 turned to LT. S. May 24, 19:9, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 June 8, 1919. 
 
 MARTENS. George Herman. (12) Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Henry Martens, St. Peter, Minn. 
 
 P.orn at Grant Park. 111., Tan. 2, 1894. Resident of Rolling 
 (ireen Twp., Martin County, when enlisted .it Minneapolis. Minn., 
 Dec. 10. 1917. as private'in aviation, Regular .\rmy. Sent to 
 Cam-i Hancock. Ga., and assigned to 15th Co. M. M. Regiment, 
 later' transferre'd to nth and 2nd companies. Organization finally 
 became 2nd Regt. .-\ir Service Mechanics. Was attached to 
 French .Aviation for several months. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N J., F'eb. 24, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France. March 2, 
 1918. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, July 12, 1919. 
 
 MAGNUSON, Fred Algot. (.")) Cook. Son of .Mrs. 
 
 Clara Sansen. Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Eorn at Fairmont Twp.. Martin County, Sept. 4. 1887. Resident 
 
 of Fairmont when inducted at that place June 25, 1918. as 
 private in infantry. Assigned to Co. K, 342nd Inf., 86th Div.. 
 
 .at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Depot Brigade at Camp 
 Logan, Texas. Discharged Jan. 21, 1919. 
 
 MAGNUSON, George Henry, (i, i Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Frank Magnuson, Guckeen, Minn. 
 Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County, Jan. 4, 1897, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Oct. 22, 
 1918, as private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to 13th Recruit 
 Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Jan. 1 I, 1919. 
 
 MARTIN, Edwin. (i:jj Bugler. Parents deceased. 
 
 Born Dec. 20, 1895. at Faribault County, Minn. Served on Mex- 
 ican border 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 (iuard at that place on July 15. 1917, as bugler in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Co. M. 58th Inf.. 4th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. L, Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, I-rance, 
 Nov. 3, 191S. Returned to U. S. Aug. i, 1919, discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, -Aug. 6, 1919. 
 
 MARTIN, Jake. (14) Private. 
 
 Born in 1898. Resident of Wells, Minn., when called to federal 
 service from National Guard to federal service at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Tuly 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody. 
 N. M., and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 24th Div. Transferred 
 in June, 19 18, and sent overseas. No further record. 
 
 MALO, Herbert Henry. (T) Bugler. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Tlieodore Malo, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Oct. 31. 1899. Resident 
 of Rutland Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Mankato, 
 Minn., March 18, 1918, as private in coast artillery corps. Regu- 
 lar .Army. Assigned to Battery E, 71st C. .A. C. at Ft. Banks. 
 Mass. Trained also at Ft. .Andrews, Mass. Embarked from 
 Boston. Mass.. July 21, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, .Aug. 
 ^9. 1918. Returned to U. S. Feb. 22, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111., March 10, 1919. 
 
 MASCHOFF, Arthur Henry. (15) Private First 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. H. F. Maschofif, 
 Hoyleton, 111., where he was born May 1, 1894. 
 Resident of Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
 F'airmont, .Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 .Assigned to Co. F, 163rd Depot Brigade, Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Transferred to Quartermaster Corps and served at Camp Dodge 
 to discharge March 12, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 MALHEREK, Joseph. (S) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Martin Malherek, Granada, Minn. 
 
 liesident of Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Sanitary Squad No. 69. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., .Aug. 24. 1918, arriving at Liver- 
 pool. England. Sept. 4, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 8, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 17, 1919. 
 
 MASCHOFF, Paul A. (iGj Private First Class. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. H. F. Maschoff, Hoyleton, 111. 
 
 Born at Hoyleton, 111., Sept, 26. 1895. Resident of Tenhassen 
 'iwp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Sept. 
 5, 1918, as private in medical corps, N. .A. .Assigned to Hospital 
 Unit of the 14th Div., at Camp Custer, Mich. Discharged at 
 Camp Custer, April 21, 1919. 
 
 147 
 
L 
 
MASTERS, William Clark, (l) Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Airs. \Vm. Masters. Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 liorn at Sherburn. Minn., Feb. i6, 1S94, where he resided when 
 inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. April 29, 1918, as private in 
 medical corps. X. A. Attached to 351st Field Hospital, 313th 
 Sanitary Train, 88th DJv., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred 
 to Camp Greenleaf, S. C, and assigned to duty with various 
 Development Ens. and Medical Units. Discharged at Camp 
 Greenleaf, S. C, Jan. 17. 1919. 
 
 MATSON, Charles Chubb. (2) First Lieutenant. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Matson, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Married. Born at Sherburn. Minn., Sept. 15, 1888. Resident o£ 
 Flandreau, S. D.. when called to service in the Dental Reserve 
 Cori>s about Oct. i, 1918. Sent to Camp Fremont, Calif., and 
 assigned to 41st Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Nov. 9, 
 1918. Recalled to U. S. when two days at sea on account of 
 signing of the armistice. Discharged at Camp Funston, Kansas, 
 .Inn., 1919. 
 
 MATSON, Sidney Scott. CD Sergeant Major. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Matson, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., Jan. 22, 1894, where he resided when 
 inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as private in in- 
 fantry, X. A. Assigned to Co. A, 338th Machine Gun Bn., 88th 
 Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to instructor staff. Ma- 
 chine Gun Training Center, Camp Hancock, Ga. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 12, 1919. 
 
 MATTOON. Arthur Enos. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Clias. Mattoon, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fast Chain Twp., Martin County, July 8, 1886. Married. 
 Resident of Mapleton, Minn., when inducted at Mankato, Minn., 
 July 25, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. M. 3rd 
 Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport 
 News, Va., Aug. 30, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 
 1 9 1 8. In hospital in France 5 weeks on account of accidental 
 injury to right hand. Returned to U. S. March 18, 1919. dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, 111.. A]uil z, 1919. 
 
 MAURIS, Joseph Constant. ('A Private. Son n! 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Mauris, Shcrlnirn, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., March 24, 1899. where he resided when 
 enlisted at LaCrosse, Wis., July 24, 1918, as private in Quarter- 
 master Corps, Regular Army. Trained at Jefferson Barracks, 
 Mo., and Camp Jos. E. Johnston, Jacksonville, Florida, where he 
 was assigned to Service Co. No. 3, Q. M. C. Transferred in 
 France to Sales Commissary Unit No. 6. Embarked from Hobo- 
 ken, N. J., Nov. 10, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Nov. 23, 
 1918. Suffered serious illness with flu-pneumonia. Returned to 
 U. S. Aug. 23, 1 9 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 
 31, 1919. 
 
 McCARRON, Millard A. ( (!) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mr^. i'. J. McCarron, Sherburn. Minn. 
 Born at that place Sept. 23, 1897, and resident thereof when called 
 to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
 July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to 
 Co. B, 144th Inf., 36th Div. Embarked from Iloboken, N. J., 
 Oct. 31, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Oct. 24, igi8. 
 Returned to U. S. June 6, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Jime 16, 1919. 
 
 McCOTTER, William John. (7) Mechanic. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. VV. J. McCotter, Bowsnian River, 
 Manitoba. 
 
 Married. Born at Grand Forks, N. D., June 14, 1886. Resi- 
 dent of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Camp Pike, Arkansas, 
 Aug. 27, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 15th 
 Co., 162nd Depot Brigade, Camp Pike. Ill with influenza and 
 discharged for disability as result thereof at Camp Pike, Nov. 
 13. 191 8. 
 
 McCUNE, Robert Hugh, (s) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and r^lrs. C. B. McCune, Benson, Minn. 
 
 Born at that place Aug. 26, 1886. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
 when inducted at St. James, Minn., Sept. 10, 19 18, as private 
 unassigned, N. A. Assigned to duty at U. S. General Hospital 
 No. 29, Ft. Srelling, Minn., as member of enlisted medical corps. 
 On duty at that place until discharged Aug. 9, 19 19. 
 
 McDERMOTT, George Henry. (9) Private. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Julia McDermott, Warroad, Minn. 
 
 Born at Blue Earth, Minn., May 24. 1885. Served with Co. 
 E, 2nd Minn. Inf., on Mexican border 1916-17. Resident of 
 
 Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at Faiimcnt, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Battery B. 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd 
 Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at 
 LeHavre, France, July 10, 19 18. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged 
 June 8, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 McDONOUGH, Bart Edward. (10) First Sergeant. 
 
 Son ot Mrs. Mary McDonough. St. Paul, Minn., 
 Born at St. Paul. Minn., Jan. 17, 1888. Married. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at that place July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred to Third Reserve Officers Training Camp at Camp 
 Stanley, Texas. Disqualified for commission on account of 
 defective vision. Assigned to Development Battalion. Camp 
 Cody, N. M., as a member of headquarters cadre. Transferred 
 to Camp Headquarters Co., Camp Cody, as ist sergeant. Dis- 
 charged at that place Dec. 4, 19 18. 
 
 McFARLAND. Harry Mark. (11) Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. McFarland, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Luverne, Iowa. July 4, 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
 ^linn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 that place July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged 
 for disability at that place Dec. 13, 1917. 
 
 McIALWAIN, Clarence Leroy. (12) Private. Son 
 
 of B. D. Mclalwain, l%stherville, Iowa. 
 Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Dec. 4, 1894. Resident 
 of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 
 191S, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st 
 Inf.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 
 130th Inf.. 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., June 15, 1918, arriving at Bordeaux, France, 
 June 24, 1918.' Engaged at Somme, Amiens, and Meuse-Argonne 
 offensive. Gassed Oct. 31, 1918, in Argonnes. Returned to 
 U. S. May 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, la.. May 29, 1919. 
 
 McMAHON, Frank Lewis. (13) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Peter 11. McMahon, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Wells, Minn., July 31, 1889. Employed at Mitchell, 
 S. D., when inducted at that place April 26, 1918, as private in 
 infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 355th Inf., 89th Div., at 
 Camp Funston, Kansas. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., June 
 4. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, June 15. 1918. Engaged 
 at Lorraine Sector, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne. Slightly 
 gassed Oct. 21, 1918. Returned to LT. S. April 6, 1919, dis- 
 charged April 22, 1919.- 
 
 McMURTRY, Orlo Leroy. (U) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. McMurtry, Ceylon. Minn. 
 Born June 12, 1897. at Wright County, Iowa. Resident of Cey- 
 lon, Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
 at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E. 136th inf., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 to Battery I*. 124th Field Artillery 33rd Div. in France. Em- 
 barked from Iloboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, 
 England, July 10, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. "Returned to U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919- 
 
 McNEA, Percy Leon. (15) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. C. M. McNea, Granada. Minnesota. 
 
 Born at Granada, Minn., July 12, 1901. Resident of Center Creek 
 Twp. when enlisted. Enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn., June 5, 
 1918, as a private, cavalry. Regular Army. Assigned to 314th 
 Cavalry and trained at Ft. Bliss, Texas. Transferred to 21st 
 Trench Mortar Battery, Lamp Johnson, S. C. Discharged Dec. 
 6, 1918, at Camp Johnson, S. C. 
 
 McNERNEY, John L. (16) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. James T. McNerney, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County. May lo, 1896, 
 and resident thereof when enlisted at Kelly Field, Texas, March 
 13, 1918, as private in aviation section of the Signal Corps, 
 N. A. Assigned to 43rd Balloon Co., at Camp John Wise, 
 Texas. Also trained at Camp Morrison, Va. Embarked from 
 Newport News, Va., June 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, 
 July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
 turned to U. S. June 16, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 June 2^, 1919. 
 
 149 
 
MEMBORG, Anthony. (1) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of ilrs. Caroline Memborg, Medolden, Germany. 
 Born at Medolden, Germany, April 4, 1892. Resident of Granada, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Ft. Omaha, Neb., as private in signal 
 corps. Regular Army, .\ssigned to 64th Balloon Co.. at Ft. 
 Omaha. Also served at Arcadia, Calif. Discharged at Ft. D. A. 
 Russell, Wyoming, May 12, 1919. 
 
 MEYER, Alvin Henry. (2) Wagoner. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Airs. Henry H. Meyer, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Monee. 111., March 9, 1898. Resident of Welcome, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont. Minn., July 15. 1917, as a private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Headquarters 305th Ammunition Train, 
 Soth Div, Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, 1918, ar- 
 riving at LeHavre, France, July 14, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel 
 and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June i, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 13, 1919. 
 
 MEYER, August. (3) Son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred 
 
 Meyer, Fairmont. 
 Did not enlist here. Was overseas. Returned about July, 1919- 
 
 MEYER, August L. (4) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. August Meyer, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont Twp., May 30, 1896, and resident thereof 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 27, 1918, as private In 
 infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, isgtli Inf., 40th Div., at 
 Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred in France to Headquarters 
 Company 324th Inf., 8ist Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Aug. 8. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. 27, 1918. En- 
 gaged at St. Die front. Returned to U. S. June i, 1919, dis- 
 charged June 2y, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 MEYER. Carl August. (.> ) Private. Son of F. H. 
 Meyer. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Latimer. Iowa, June 6, 18S9. Resident of Fairmont 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. M. 351st Inf., 
 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 48th Co., 20th 
 Engineers, at American University, Washington. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., May 21, 1918, arriving at Brest, France. 
 May 30, 1918. Returned to \J. S. June 22, 19191 discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jinie 28, 1919. 
 
 MEYER, Fred William. (6) Second Lieutenant. Son 
 
 of Mrs. Wm. Mackeben, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Welcome, Minn., May 2, 1896. Served in National 
 Guard and on Mexican border 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. 
 Inf. Called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
 Minn.. July 15, 1917* as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
 E, i36tli Inf., 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to 
 Central Machine Gun Officers Training Camp at Camp Hancock, 
 Ga. and commissioned 2na lieut. Oct. 16, igi8. Discharged 
 Feb. 10, 1919. 
 
 MEYER, Harry C. (7) Wagoner. Son of Mrs. Eva 
 M. Meyer, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born Feb. 7, 1891, at Fairmont, Minn., and resident of that 
 place when inducted at Fairmont, May 2, 1918, as private in 
 infantry. N. A. Assigned to Supply Company, 53rd Inf., 6th 
 Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 July 6, 1918, arriving at Glasgow, Scotland, July 17, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-.'\rgonne. Returned to U. S. June 12, 1918, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 21, 1919. 
 
 MEYER, William Carl. (8) Second Lieutenant. Son 
 
 of Mrs. Wm. Alackeben, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Welcome, Minn., ^larch 2, 1S94. Served on Mexican 
 border, 1916-17, as ist Sergt. Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Called to 
 federal service from National Guard July 15, 191 7. Transferred 
 to 2nd Minn. F. A., with rank as 2nd lieut. On demobilization 
 of that command without call to federal service enlisted in 
 Regular Army, as sergeant. Assigned to Troop B, 311th Cav., 
 Ft. Riley, Kansas, as ist sergeant. Transferred to 67th Field 
 Artillery at West Point, Kentucky. Transferred to Central 
 Oilicers Training School for Cavalry at Leon Springs, Texas. 
 Discharged Dec. 14, 191S. Re-enlisted in regular army as ist 
 sergeant Cavalry unassigned. Transferred to Construction Div., 
 Q. M. C. as sergeant ist class. Still in service. 
 
 MICHELSEN, Alfred W. (9) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Christine Mil<kel5en, Aarhus, Denmark, where he 
 
 was born March 28, 1889. 
 Employed at Boston, Mass., when inducted at that place for the 
 Martin County Draft Board on June 27, 1918. as private in 
 infantry, N. A. .\ssigned to Co. B, 302nd Inf., 76th Div., Camp 
 Devens, Mass. Transferred to Co. B, 70th Eng., at Ft. Benjamin 
 Harrison, Ind. On board transport when armistice was signed. 
 Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 8, 1919. 
 
 MIKELSON, Helmer. (lii) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Ole Mikelson, Alpha, Minn. 
 Born at Jackson County. Minn., .\pril 25, 1893.^ Resident of 
 .\lpha, Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
 at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. 
 Transferred to Co. C, 126th Inf., 32nd Div., in France. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J.. .'Vpril, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
 France, April 18, 1918. Engaged at Alsace, Aisne-Marne, .\isne- 
 Oise, and Meuse-Argonne. Under fire six months with but ten 
 days in rest area. Returned to U. S. May 14. 1919. discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 22, 1919. 
 
 MILBRANDT, Alvin Paul. (11) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr, and .Mrs. .\ll.iert Alilbrandt, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Elgin, 111., Nov. 21, 1897. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
 when inducted at that place Sept. 5, 1918. as private in infantry, 
 \. .■\. .\ssigned to Co. A, 4th Bn. Replacement Troops, Camp 
 Mac.\rthur, Te.xas. Discharged March 4, 1919. at Camp Dodge, 
 
 MILBRANDT, Edward C. (1:-M Corporal. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Herman Milbrandt, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born April 2, 1892 at Elgin. 111. Resident of Fairmont. Minn., 
 when inducted at that place Feb. 26, 1918, as private in engnieers, 
 .\' A. Assigned to Co. D, 33rd Engineers at Camp Devens, Mass. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 10, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
 France, May 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 2, 1919, dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 12, 1919. 
 
 MILBRANDT, Edwin B. (IJ) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Herman Milbrandt, Fairmont, Minn.. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 29, 1895, where he resided when 
 inducted at that place April 29, 1918, as private in general 
 service, N. A. Assigned to 352nd Ambulance Co., 313th Sanitary 
 Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. 
 B, 55th Engineers at Camp Custer, Mich. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. I., June 30, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, July 13, 
 1918. Returned to U. S. July 14, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111., July 21, 1919. 
 
 MILLER, Bert Walter. (14) Corporal. Son of John 
 W. Miller, Jackson, Minn. 
 
 Born at Jackson. Minn., Nov. 2, 1895, where he resided when 
 called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
 July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
 to Co. M, 39th Inf.. 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, Oct. 
 13, 1918 'arriving abroad Oct. 26, 1918. With Army of Occu- 
 pation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 13, 1919. 
 
 MILLER, Cecil Edward. (15) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and r\lrs. J. E. Miller, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 19, 1898, where he resided when 
 enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., March 6, 1918, as private in 
 coast artillery corps. Regular Army. Assigned to ist Co. C. A. 
 C. at Ft. Williams, Portland, Maine. Transferred at that place 
 to Battery B, 72nd Artillery C. A. C. Embarked from Montreal, 
 Canada, Aug. 7, 1918, arrriving at LeHavre France, Aug. 29, 
 1918. Returned to U. S. March 29, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111., April 17, 1919. 
 
 MILLER, Harry E. (16) Private. Son of Mrs. Paul- 
 ine Miller, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Eraser Twp., Martin County, Sept. 6, 1897. Resided 
 at Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at that place July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E, i36fh Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in I-'rance to Co. F, 308th Inf., 77th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., June 27. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 July IS, 1918. Engaged at Vesle, Oise-Aisne and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Returned to U. S. April 28, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, May 18, 1919. 
 
 151 
 
MILLER, Harold Glenn. (1) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Charlotte Miller, Secor, 111., where he was born 
 
 Aug. 15, 1895. 
 Harried. Resident of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., June J5, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. ^ Assigned 
 to Co. G. 34ird Inf., 86tli Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred 
 in France to 83rd Depot Service Co., Army Service Corps. 
 Embarked from Iloboken, \. J.. Sept. 8, 19 18, arriving at Liver- 
 pool, England, Sept. 21. 1918. Returned to U. b. July 6, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 16, 1919- 
 
 MILLER, William R. (9) Corporal. Son ol Mrs. 
 
 Charlotte Miller, Secor, 111. 
 Born at Secor, 111., ."Kug. 5, 1893. Resident of Lake Belt Twp., 
 Martin County, when called from National Guard to federal 
 service at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 191". as private in infantry. 
 .-\ssigned to Co. K, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Co. C, 144th Inf.. 36th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, X. J., t)ct. 13, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng- 
 land, Oct. 24. 1918. Returned to U. S. June 6, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Grant, HI., June 13, 19"9. 
 
 MILLER, Henry F. (:.' I Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Henry F. Miller, Sr., Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, May 14, 1896, and resident 
 thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. May ;6, 1918. as 
 private in infantry. .\ssiKned to Co. G, 361st Inf., 91st Div., 
 at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
 5, 191S, arriving at LeHavie, France, July i/, ly'.S. F.nt'a^rcd 
 at Mcuse-.^rgonne. Wounded, machine gun bullet, right shoulder, 
 .\rgonnes. Sept. 30, 1918. Severe. Returned to U. S. Apiil 15. 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .\pril 15, 1919. 
 
 MINICK, Roy William, (in) Private. Son of ^Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. J. T. Minick, Sherbiirn, Minn. 
 Born June 12, 1894, at Booneville, Iowa. Resident of Fraser 
 Twp. Martin County, when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 17. I9i7. as private 
 in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp 
 Codv, N M. Transferred to Co. D, 109th Supply Train, 34th 
 Div' Transferred in France to Co. D, 109th Motor Transport 
 Corps. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 18. 1918, arriving 
 at Cherbourg. France, Nov. I, 1918. Returned to U. S. JIarch 
 25, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .\pril 5, 1919. 
 
 MILLER, John A. (23) Private. Son of Mrs. Fred- 
 erica Miller. Maiiston, Wisconsin, wliere he was 
 born Sept. 23, 1894. 
 I'reviously served three years in Wisconsin National Gvard. 
 Inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 1, 1918, as private in ord- 
 nance corps, N'. .\. .\ssigned to 2nd Casual Co., 2nd Prov. 
 Kegt., Camp Hancock, Ga. Transferred to 122nd Ordnance 
 l)epot. Camp Wheeler. Ga., later to instructor in optical instru- 
 ment repair school at Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Jan. 15, 1919. 
 
 MINOR, Harry H. (Ill Private. Son of M. B. 
 
 Minor, Mulberry Grove, 111. 
 Married. Born at Greenville. HI.. .'\ug. 29, 1884. Employed 
 at Minneapolis, Minn., when enlisted at that place Jan. 10, 1918, 
 as private in air service, N. .\. Assigned to 82Qth .\ero Repair 
 .Squadron. Kelly Field. Texas. Trained at Kelly Field and 
 at Selfridge Field, Mich. Transferred to .-\viation Mechanics 
 Training School at St. Paul, Minn. Later on duty w-ith Squadron 
 n. Aviation Service Flying School, Langley Field, \ a. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 21, 1919- 
 
 MILLER. L. L. (4) Private. 
 
 Born in 1896. Resident of Blue Earth. Minn., when called to 
 federal service from .Vational Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 
 
 1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody, N. M., and 
 assigned to Co. E, I36tli Inf., 34th Div. Transferred in June, 
 
 1918, and sent overseas. No further record. 
 
 MOELLER, Alvin Ernest. (V2) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Lena Mueller, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born in Fraser Twp., Martin County, Minn., 1893. where he 
 resided when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as 
 I)ri-ate in infantry. ,\ssigned to Co. 3 Development Battalion, 
 at Cam]. Kearney, Calif. Discharged at Camp Kearney, Calif., 
 on surgeon's certificate of disability, Oct. 15. 19 ■ 8- 
 
 MILLER, Leslie Morgan. {.■>) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Robert M. Miller, Rock Falls, III. 
 
 Born Sept. 27, 1889, at Walnut, 111. Married. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
 igi8, as private in engineers, N. A. .\ssigned to Co. C, 311th 
 Engineers, 86tli Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, on 
 Sept, 21, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 29, 1919, and discharged 
 at Camp Grant, 111., July 7, 1919. 
 
 MONK, Otto Oscar. (13) Private. Son of John 
 
 .Monk, Sherburu, Minn. 
 Born at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, May 9. 1889. Resi- 
 dent of Manvaska Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fair- 
 mont, .Minn.,' Sept. 5. 191S. as private in inf,antry. N. A. bent 
 to .Machine Gun Training Center at Camp Hancock, Ga., and 
 assigned to 24th Training Co. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Feb. 28, 1919. 
 
 MILLER, Lyle B. (ti) Corporal. Son of Mr. ana 
 Mrs. J. E. Miller, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn.. May 31. 1897, and resided there when 
 enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., ^larch 6, 1918, as private in coast 
 artillery corps, R. A. i\ssigned to ist Co., C'. A. C. at Ft. 
 AVilliams. Portland, Maine. Transferred at that place to Battery 
 B, 72nd .Artillery, C. .-\. C. Embarked from ^lontreal, Canada, 
 -Aug. 7, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, .Aug. 29, igi8. Re- 
 turned to U. S. Marcii 29. 1919, discharged at (I'amp Grant, III., 
 .April 17, 1919. 
 
 MILLER, Ralph David. (T) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. G. ^I. Miller, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Freeborn County, Minn., Jan. 6, 18S8. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 25, 191S, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to Supply Co., 244th Inf., 
 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Sept. 8, 1918, arriving abroad Sept. 21, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
 July 5, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 15, 1919. 
 
 MOORE. Howard R. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 and .Mrs. John -V. Moore, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Dietrich, 111., Feb. 4. 1901- Resident of Fairmont w'hen 
 enlisted in infantry, Regular Army, at Mankato, Minn., May 
 24, 1919. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., in June, 1919, arriving 
 abroad in .luly. Sent to .Army of Occupation in Germany and 
 still stationed there Sept. :, 1920. 
 
 MOORE, John L. (ir>) Sergeant. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Mark E. Moore, h'airmont, Minn. 
 Born Dec. 19, 1895, at Br,indon, Wis. Married. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 10, 1918, 
 as private in Motor Transport Corps. .Assigned to Co. -A, 
 rruckmaster Training, at Purdue University. LaFayette, Ind. 
 Transferred in France to Co. B, 59th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, X. J., Nov. 11, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France. 
 Nov. 28, 1918. In hospital for fibrous pleurisy Dec. 3. 1918 to 
 Feb. 19, 1919. Returned to U. S. Feb. 7. 1919. and discharged 
 with disability incurred in line of duty at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 
 27, 1919. 
 
 MILLER, William Henry. (S) Private. Son of O. 
 
 P. Miller, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at that place ^larch 6, 1900, and resident thereof w-hen en- 
 listed at Mankato, Minn., March 28, 1918, as private in infantry. 
 Regular .Army. Assigned to Co. M, 19th Inf., i8th Div., at 
 Camp Travis, Texas. Transferred to Hq. Det. 35th Inf. 
 Brigade at same place. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 
 n, 1919. 
 
 MOORE, 'Virgil Estys. (IG) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. John A. Aloore, Fairmont, ;Minn. 
 Born Dec. 11, 1894, at Wheeler, 111. Resident of Fairmont Twp., 
 Martin County, when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at Fairmont on July 15. I9'7. as private in infantry. 
 .Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Co. B. 59th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng- 
 land, Oct. 24. 1918. With Armv of Occupation. Returned to U. 
 S. .Aug. I, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .Aug. 8, 1919. 
 
 153 
 
MOORE, Wilbur C. (1 ) Private First Class. Son 
 of -Mr. and -Mrs. Frank .Moore, Winnebago. Minn. 
 Born Tulv 4, 1896. at Osceola. Iowa. Resident of Nashyille 
 Twp., Martin County, when enlisted Oct. 19. ^9^7, at Ft. Snelling. 
 Minn., as musicinn in infantry, regular army. Assigned to band 
 of the 36th Inf. at Ft. Snelling, Minn. Transeferred to_ the 
 medical corps. March i. 19 iS. Embarked from New York 
 June II, 1918. arriving abroad June 28, 1918. Actively engaged 
 "from Aug. 22, 1918. until the close of hostilities. Returned to 
 U. S. Tune 9, igTfj. discharged at Camp Lee, Va., June 14. iQ'Q- 
 
 MYHR, Henry. (9) Corporal. Son of Mrs. O. J. 
 
 Indviiv, Thompson, Iowa, where he was born July 
 
 13, 1897. 
 Resident of Ringsted. Iowa, when called to federal service 
 from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. as private 
 in infantry. Assigned to Co. t,. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. K. ii6th Eng., 
 later to Co. I, 40th Eng. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J.. June 
 24, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France. July 7. I9i8. Engaged 
 at St. ^!ihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. Jan. 20, 
 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Feb. 14. 1919- 
 
 MOORE, William Henry. i:i) Sergeant. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. \\\ M.M-)re. Minnesota Lake, Minn. 
 Born at Beaman. Iowa, March 25. 1893. Served five years in 
 Minnesota National Cuard. Co. E. 2nd Inf. Resident of Fair- 
 mont, Minn., when called to federal service from Xationar 
 Guard at that place July i;, 1917. as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E, 136th' Inf., 34th Div. Transferred to Head- 
 quarters Detachment, 68th Inf. Brig., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, 
 N. M. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918. arriving at 
 Cherbourg. France. Oct. 26, 1918. Served in casual units at 
 St. Nazaire. Ccnipound fracture of left leg in line of duty at 
 Camp Cody. N. M.. Dec. 4, 1917. In hospital six months. Re- 
 turned to U. S. April 18, 1919, discharged April 28, igig- 
 
 MORGAN, Alfred L. (.; ) Corporal. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 Born at Dubois, Indiana, Aug. 19. 18S6. Served on ^lexican 
 border in 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at that place July "5. 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. 
 Transferred to Co. B. 59th Inf., 4th Div., in France. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J.. Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Liverpool. Eng- 
 land, Oct. 24, 1918. In hospital at Coblenz, Germany, 2 months. 
 Returned to U. S. Aug. i, 1919, discharged at Camp Sherman, 
 Ohio, Aug. 8, 19 19. 
 
 MURRAY, Donovan Delos. (4) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. R. A. Murray, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Rolling Green Twp., Martin County. July iS. 1807, 
 and resident of that place wlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
 22, 19 1 8, as private in Engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 
 124th Engineers, Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Jan. 1 1, 1919. 
 
 MURRAY, George Gerald. (5) Private. Son of 
 
 George Murray, Fairmont, ^llnn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., July 20, 1901, where he resided when 
 enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., July 13, 1918, as private in coast 
 artillery corps, regular army. Assigned to i6th Recruit Co. 
 at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Transferred to Battery D, 36th 
 Artillery at Ft. Barrancas. Florida, later to Eaftery C, 34th 
 Artillery at Camp Eustis, Va. Discharged Dec. 24, 19 18. 
 
 MUSSER, Clair W. (r,) Private First Class. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Miisser, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., March 6, 1898. Resident of 
 Rutland Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Jefferson Bar- 
 racks, Mo., June 2, 1918, as private in artillery, regular army. 
 Assigned to Battery B, 45th Artillery at Jefferson Barracks. 
 Trained at Camp Eustis, Va.. Embarked from Newport News, 
 Va.. Oct. 20, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France. Nov. 3, 1918. 
 Returned to \J. S. Feb. i, 1919, and in hospitals at Hoboken, 
 N. J., and Ft. Snelling, Minn., until discharged at Ft. Snelling, 
 April 19, 1919. 
 
 MUSSMAN, Vernon Charles. (7) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Mussman, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Grant, III., Jan. 30, 1896. Resident of Eraser Twp., 
 Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 
 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. I, 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Battery 
 A, 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd Div., in France. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 
 18, 19 1 8. Engaged at St. Mihiel. Right leg broken by horse 
 falling. Five weeks in hospital. Returned to \J. S., Alay 24, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 
 
 MYERS, Frank A. (8) Wagoner. 
 
 Born Oct. 4. 1S9J, at Royalton, Wis. Resident of Ceylon, Minn., 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 19 18. Sent to 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to 351st Field Hospital, 313th 
 Sanitary Train, 88th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 
 17, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Sept. i, 1918. Engaged at 
 Haute-Alsace sector. Returned to U. S. June 4, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Grant, 111., June 13, 1919. 
 
 NARUM, Oscar George. (10) Corporal. Son of 
 
 ("lunhild Xarmii, L:ikc Mills, Iowa, ami born at 
 
 that place April 16, 1891. 
 Resident of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairniont. Minn., 
 June 25, 1918, as private in national army. Assigned to Co. 
 "11. 311th Supply Train, at Camp Grant. 111. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, \. J., Oct., 1918, arriving at Cherbourg. France. Oct. 
 9, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 20, 1919. and discharged 
 July 26, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 NASSEN, Adolph John. (\\) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. L'uiis Nassen, Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Horn at Hardin County. Iowa. Jan. 18. 1896. Resident of Lake 
 Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
 Feb. 25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, and there assigned to Co. C. 130th Inf., 33rd Div., 
 at Houston, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. April 
 18, 1918, arriving at Brest. France. April 26, 1918. Engaged 
 at the Somme, and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 20, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 29, 1919. 
 
 NELSON. Arthur E. (12) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 ,in<l Mrs. Alfred Nelson. East Chain Township. 
 Born in Faribault County, Minn.. Dec. 5, 1894. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 
 1917, as a private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 135th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
 to Co. M, 30th Inf., 3rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 lune 27, 19 18. Arrived at LeHavre, France, July to, 1918. 
 Engaged at Aisne-Marne. St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne. With 
 .\nny of Occupation. Arrived in U. S. Aug. 23, 1919. Dis- 
 charged Aug. 28. 19 19, at Camp Dodge. Iowa. 
 
 NELSON, Arthur Julius, (l.il Private First Class. 
 
 .Son oi Mr. and Mrs. Martin Nelson, Monterey, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born April 19, 1892, at DesMoines, Iowa. Resident of Cedar 
 Fwii. when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1898, at Fair- 
 mont, Minn., as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. G, 
 361st Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., July 6, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 July 20, 19 1 8. Participated in following engagements: St. 
 Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne, Lys-Scheldt. Returned to U. S. April 
 15. 1919. and discharged April 28, 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 NELSON, Arthur Magnus, (li) Major. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. O. A. Nelson, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Peosta, Iowa, May 18, 1876. Married. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard, July 15, T917, as major, adjutant general's department, 
 adjutant of ist Brig. Minn. Inf., later changed to 68th Inf. 
 Brig., 34th Div. Assigned to duty at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred luly 10. 1918, to command of Camp Cody Develop- 
 ment Battalion No. i. Commanded Camp Cody, Aug. 28 to 
 Sept. 23, 1918. On orders for transfer to 97th Div. when 
 armistice was signed. Discharged at Camp Cody, N. M., Jan. 
 6, 1919. Served as private in Co. D, 12th Minn. Vol. Inf. in 
 Spanish-American War, and as major and adjutant ist Brig. Minn. 
 Inf. on Mexican border, 1916-17. Fifteen years service in 
 Minnesota National Guard. 
 
 NELSON, Oscar Leonard. (15) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John F. Nelson, Bunnell, Minn. 
 Born Feb. 17, 1892. at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, 
 and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 S, 191S, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 
 111., and assigned to Machine Gun Training Center, at Camp 
 Hancock, Ga. Discharged July 25, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 NELSON, Victor Robert. (l(i) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and .Mrs. John I'*. Nelson. Dunnell, Minn. 
 Resident of Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, where he was 
 born Oct. 23, 1894. when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 25, 
 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st 
 Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Ilodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. C, 
 130th Inf., 33rd Div. at Camo Logan, Texas. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., May 16, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 
 24. 19 18. Engaged at the Somme and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
 turned to U. S. May 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 .May 2g, 1919. 
 
 155 
 
NEUENSCH WANDER, Albert. (1) Private. Son 
 
 of Air. ;ind Mrs. Rudolph Neueiischwander, Tri- 
 umph, Minn. 
 
 Born at Waverly Twp., Martin County, Nov. 9, 1894. Resident 
 of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 26, 1918. 
 as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Battery D. 332nd 
 Field Artillery at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at Camp Robinson, 
 Wis. Embarked from Boston, Mass., Sept. 16, 1918, arriving 
 at LeHavre. France, Oct. 6, 1918. Returned to U. S. F'eb. 15, 
 1919, discharged Feb. 28, 19 19. 
 
 NEUMANN, Henry John. (2) Corporal. Son of 
 Air. and Airs. Ed Neumann, Fairmont, Ad^inn. 
 
 Born at Brown County, Minn., April 19, 1890. Resident of 
 Fairmont when inducted at that jdace June 25, 1918, as iirivate 
 in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 313th Eng., 86th Div., 
 at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, X. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at LeITavre, 
 France, Sept. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 27, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 7, 19 19. 
 
 NEUMANN, Theodore Fred. (3) Private First 
 
 Class. S'.)n ni Air. and Airs. Ed Neumann, Fair- 
 mont. Alinn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, ^linn., Feb. t. 1896, where he resided when 
 called to feaeral service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
 Minn., July 15, 19 17, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
 E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to 
 Co. B, 1st Engineers, ist Div., in France. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre. France. 
 July 12, 1918. Engaged at Saizerais, St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Returned to U. S. Aug. 30, 1919. Took part in 
 Pershing Victory Parades at New York and Washington. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, III., Sept. 25, 1919. 
 
 NIELSEN, Albert. (4) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Air. and Airs. P. P. Nielsen. Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Born at Armstrong, Iowa, Sept. 10, 1895- Resident of Fair- 
 mont, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at that place July 15, 19 17, as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Headquarters company, 123rd Field 
 Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 
 191 S, arriving at LeIIavre. France, July 12, 1918. Engaged at 
 St. Mihiel and Meuse- Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 24. 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919. 
 
 NIELSEN, Christian Jepson. (5) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Air. and Airs. P. P. Nielsen, Fairmont, 
 
 Alinn. 
 Born at Clinton, Iowa. Aug. 17, 1886. Resident of Fairmont 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Sept. 21, 
 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Outpost Co., 
 109th Field Signal Bn., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Co. C, 307th Field Signal Bn., 82nd 
 Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving 
 at Cherbourg, France, Oct. 27. 19 18. Returned to U. S. May 
 19, 1919. discliar ped at Camp Dodge, Iowa. May 26, 1919. 
 
 NIELSEN, Holger. (6) Private. Son of Air. and 
 Airs. N. K. Nielsen, Hobro. Denmark. 
 
 Born in Denmark, May 29, 1894. Served on Mexican border 
 in 1916-17 with Co, E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
 July 15, 1917. as corporal in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
 inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to 
 Co. B, 59th Inf., 4th Div., and in Germany to Co. D, 58th Inf., 
 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 6, 19 18, ar- 
 riving at Brest, France, Nov. i, 19 18. In Iiospital at Coblenz, 
 Germany, two months in 1919. Returned to U. S, July 21, 1919, 
 discharged at Ft. Sheridan, 111., Aug. 20, 19 19. 
 
 NIELSON, Louis. (7) Private. Son of Airs. Elsie 
 Marie Nielson, Huidbjerg, Denmark, where he was 
 born Feb. 4, 1888. 
 Resident of Fairmont Twp., jNIartin County, when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Co. H, 341st Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. 
 Transferred in France to Cook Co. No. 5, at Le^Ians. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving at LeHavre. 
 France. Sept. 27, 191 8. Returned to U. S. Aug. 30, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Sept. 6, 1919. 
 
 NIELSEN, Otto. (S) Chauffeur First Class. Par- 
 ents deceased. 
 
 Born at Skieve, Denmark, March 10, 1S91. Served as civilian 
 truck driver with expedition into Mexico, Truck Co. No. i, 
 in 19 16. Resident of Fairmont Twp., Martin County, when 
 enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., Aug. 23, 1917, as private in the 
 aviation section, signal corps, regular army. Assigned to 125th 
 Aero Squadron at Kelly Field. Texas. Transferred to loSth 
 Aero Squadron and trained at Minneola, L. I. Embarked 
 from St. John's, New Brunswick, Dec. 10, 1917, arriving at 
 LeIIavre, France, Dec. 28, 1917. Returned to U. S. May 26, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 9, 1919. 
 
 NICHOLSON. Edolf. (9) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. I'Vanz Xicholson, Lunda, Hultajo, Swe- 
 den, where he was born May 11, 1896. 
 Resident of Truman, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
 .Tune 2,s. igi8. as private in artillery, N. A. .\ssipned to 
 Battery I), .?3.2nd Field .-\rtillerv at Camp Grant, III. Trained 
 at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
 i6, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 6, 1918. Retvirned 
 to U. S. Feb. 15, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, III., Feb. 
 28, 1919. 
 
 NISS, Henry Fred. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. August Niss. Fairmont. Minn. 
 I>orn .Tune u. 189J, at Waverly Twp.. Martin County. Resident 
 of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 21, 1917, 
 as private in engineers. N. .\. .\ssigned to Co. B, 109th Eng.. 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Found physically unfit on 
 account of great size for overseas service and discharged June 
 6, 1918. at Camp Cody, .\'. M. 
 
 NOLTE, Harold Henry. (11) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Henry C. Nolte, Fairmont, Minn. 
 P.orn at Fairmont, Minn., where he resided when enlisted at Man- 
 kato, Minn., Tune 2-3, 1918, as a private in engmeers, K. A. 
 .\ssigned to 23rd Recruit Co., leiTcrson Barracks, Mo. 1 rans- 
 ferred to Co. L, 5th Engineers. Camp Humphrey, \ irguua. 
 Discharged Jan. 14. 1919. 
 
 NORDHAUSEN, August Henry. (121 Private. 
 
 Son of .August NordhausLMi, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Cedar Twp.. Martin County, April 23, 189s, and resi- 
 dent of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 
 1918, as private in infantry, N. .\. Assigned to Headquarters 
 Company, 54th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Em- 
 barked from Newiiort News, Va., Aug. 29. 1918. arriving at 
 Brest, France. Sept. 13. 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
 turned to II. S. June 26. 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, III.. 
 July 3, 1919. 
 
 NOTTOSON, Ole. (i:i) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Notto Sinionson. Christiansand, Norway, where 
 
 he was born July 6, 1892. 
 Resident of Waverly Twp. when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
 Sept. 21, 10T7, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 E, 135th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
 France to Co. M, 30th Inf.. ^rd Div.. and later to Co. D, 
 162nd Inf., 41st Div. Embarked from U. S. June 27, 1918, 
 arriving at LeHavre, France, luly 10, 1918. Engaged at 
 LeCharmel Chau, River Veslc, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.\rgonne. 
 Wounded, shrapnel, jaw, and machine gun bullet left hand, 
 in Argonnes, Oct. 9, 1918. In hospital as result of wounds 
 until Nov. 12, 1918. Returned to LI. S. April 10, 1919, dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .April 24, 1919. 
 
 NOWAK, John M. (14) Private First Class. Son 
 
 cf Andrew Xowak, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Lamoiit, 111., June 13, 1889. Served with Co. E^_2nd 
 Minn. Inf., on Mexican border in 1916-17. Resident of .Silver 
 Lake Twp.. .Martin County, when called to federal service from 
 National Guard, July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E, 136th inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. Trans- 
 ferred to Co. B. 126th Inf., 32nd Div., in France. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J., .-\pril 6. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, 
 April 15. 1918. Engaged at .\lsace Sector. .\isne-Marne Offen- 
 sive. Oise-.\isne Offensive and Meuse-Argonne and with Army 
 of Occupation. At front six months with but ten days rest. 
 Returned to U. S. May 14, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, May 22, 19 19. 
 
 NOWAK, Tony. (15) Private. Son of Andrew No- 
 
 wak, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Lemont. 111., June 11, 1891. Resident of Silver Lake 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
 26. 1918. as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. I, 
 t3oth Inf.. 33rd Div., at Camp Mac.\rthur, Texas. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. .\. J., May 16, 191S, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 lune 2, 1918. Engaged at the Somme, Aisne, and Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne. Returned to U. S. May 20, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, May 29, 1919. 
 
 NUGENT, Thomas James. (Id) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Tom Nugent, Truman, Minn. 
 Born at ilitcliell County, Iowa. March 25. 1891. Resident of 
 Westford Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Sept. 5. 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to 
 Camp Grant. 111., and assigned to i6ist Depot Brigade. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Grant, Sept. 16, 1918. 
 
 157 
 
O'CONNOR, Frank M. ( 1 ) Second Lieutenant. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. M. H. O'Connor. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born April 19, 1892, at St. Paul, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
 July 15, 191 7, as private in infantry, at Owatonna. Minn. As- 
 signed to Co. I, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred to 4th Reserve Officers Training School at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. and connnissioned. Discharged Dec. 7, igi8. 
 
 OLSON, Emmett Harry. (9) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Christma Olson, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 l^orn at Owatonna, Minn., Nov. 21, 1891. Resident of Wells, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 30, 1918, as 
 private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Ambulance Co. 352, 313th 
 San i tar V Train, 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred 
 to Hq. Detachment. 88th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Aug. 17, 1918. arriving at Liverpool. England, Aug. 31, 19 18. 
 Engaged at Haute- Alsace Sector. Returned to U. S. May 31, 
 19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 10. 19 19. 
 
 O'DONNELL, Edward C. (:.') Private. 
 
 Horn in 1S97. Uesidcnt of Jacks*jn, Minn., when called to 
 federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, ]\Iinn., Tuly 
 15, :9i7, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, i36t1i Iiif., 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M, Transferred and probably 
 sent overseas. No further record. 
 
 OLES, Lennie Lincoln, (d) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Lewis Oles. Truman. Minn. 
 
 Horn Nov. 30. 1895, at Mankato, Minn. Residtnt of Truman. 
 Miim., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917. 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 135th Inf., 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. 
 G, 166th Inf., 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 arriving at Liverpool, July 9, 1918. Engaged at Aisne-^Iarne, 
 St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to V. S. March 2J. 
 1919, discharged April i, 1919. 
 
 OLIVER, Chauncey Ray. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Wm. H. Oliver, Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Center Creek Twp.. Martin County. Employed at Enid, 
 Mont., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., for local board of 
 Sidney, Mont., March 4, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Machine Gun Co., 352nd Inf., 88th Div.. at Camp 
 Dodge, Towa. Transferred to Machine Gun Co., 131st Inf., 
 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., May 22, 19 18, arriving at Brest, France, May 30, 19 18. 
 Engaged with British Army in Sommc Offensive, Aug. 9 to 13, 
 1918. .Shell sliocked in explosion of ammunition dump at Cliep- 
 pey Ridge, Aug. 13, 1918. In hospital two months. Returned to 
 LT. S. March 11, 1919. discharged at Ft. D. A. Russell, Wyoming, 
 March 26, 1919. 
 
 OLSON, Gust. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Chris Olson. Blue Earth, Minn. 
 
 Born at Elmore. Minn., June 14. 1898. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 that place July 15, IQ17, as private in infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E, 136th Inf.. 3ith Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred 
 to camp units at Camp Cody. Discharged at that place Dec. 
 19, 191S. 
 
 OLSON, Herman. (Il) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. John Olson, ^Monterey. Minn. 
 
 Burn at Wilton, 111., Nov. 26, 1S94. Resident of Cedar Twp., 
 Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 25. 
 igi8, as private in infantrv, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 388th 
 Inf., 97th Div., at Camp Cody, X. M. Transferred to Truck 
 Co. No. 6, 322nd Supply Train, 97th Div.. at Camp Cody. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec- i4i 1918. 
 
 OLSON, John A. (12) Corporal. Son of Aug. Ol- 
 son, Odsli.irg, Sweden, where he was born Sept. 
 28, 1895. 
 Resident of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Bar- 
 acks. Mo., July 26. 1917, as private in infantry, regular army. 
 
 Assigned to Co. C, 46th Inf., 9th Div., at Ft. Benjamm Harri- 
 
 Tiansf erred to Co. E, same regiment. Served at 
 
 Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 
 
 son, In._. 
 
 Camp Taylor, Kentucky 
 
 9, 1919 
 
 OLSEN, Abram Christian. (.")) Wagoner. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. II. A. Olsen. Ornisl.y, Minn. 
 Born at Clalena Twp., Martin County, Jan. 4, 189S, and resident 
 thereof when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., July i. 1918, as 
 private in coast artillery corps, regular army. Assigned to 
 Battery C, 5th Bn.. Trench Mortar .\rtillery, at Ft. Hancock, 
 N. J. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 10, 1918, arriving 
 at Brest, France, Sept. 20, igi8. Returned to U. S. Jan. 1 1, 
 1919, discharged at Cam,j Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 1. 1919. 
 
 OLSON, John Victor, (i:: ) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Celia Olson, Dunnell. 
 Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, May 10, 1895. and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 
 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned to 163rd Depot Brigade 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, transferred to Co. C, and later Co. D, 
 Camp Dodge Development Battalion. Assigned to Spruce Division 
 at Lincoln, New Hampshire, and Camp Devens, Mass. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 24, 1918. 
 
 OLSEN, Tore, (d) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 C. H. A. Olsen, Ormsby, Minn. 
 Born at Galena Twp., Martin County, Dec. i. 1895, a"d resi- 
 dent thereof wh.en enlisted at Fairmont, Minn., June 15, 1918. 
 as private in infantry, regular army. Trained at University 
 farm, St. Paul, Minn. Assigned to Co. C, 20th Inf., at Camp 
 Funston, Kansas. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 
 26, 1919. 
 
 OLSON, L. E. (14) Private. 
 
 llMTii 111 1893. Kesident of Wells, Minn., when called to federal 
 service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 IS 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, u6th Int., 
 .34tli Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged for physical disa- 
 iiility at Camp Cody in October, 1917. 
 
 OLSON, Alfred. (7) Private. Foster son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs, H. C. Josten, Odin, Minn. 
 Born at EauClaire, Wis., Sept. 27, 1895. Resident of Cedar 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., F'eb. 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A, Assigned to Co, M, 
 jSist Inf., 88th Div,, at Cam]) Dodge, Iowa, Transferred to 
 48th Co., 20th Engineers at .\merican University, Washington. 
 D, C, Embarked irom Hoboken, N, J., May 21, 1918, arriving 
 at Brest, France, May 30, 191S. Returned to U. S. June j8, 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 28, 1919, 
 
 OLSON, Thorkel Jones. (15) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Ole T. Olson, Dows, Iowa, 
 liorn at Dows, Iowa, June iS, 1891. Resident of Ceylon, ilinn., 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June j6, 1918, as private 
 in infantry. Sent to Camp VVadsworth, S. C, and assigned to 
 llt|, Co., 54th Pioneer Inf. Embarked from Newport News, 
 \'a., Aug. 29, igi8, arriving at Brest, France, Sept, 12, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-.\rgonne. Returned to U. S. June 29, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111.. July 3, 1919- 
 
 OLSON, Adolph E. (8) Private First Class. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Bertha Olson, Triumph, Minn, 
 Born at Calamus, Iowa, March 13, iSgo. Resident of Waverly 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. .*\. Assigned to Co. M, 
 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Washington, Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
 France, July 21, igiS, Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne 
 and Ypres Sector. Returned to U. S. Marcli 31, 1919, dis- 
 charged April 19, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 
 OLTMAN, Henry J. (Kj) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. H, J, Oilman, Welcome, Minn, 
 
 Born at Welcome, Minn., May 26, 1891, where he resided 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn,, July 26, i9"8, as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Headquarters Co., 54th Pioneer 
 Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport 
 News, Va., Aug. 28, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 
 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
 26, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 
 
 159 
 
OLTMAN, Oscar H. (1) Mechanic. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. H. J. Oltman, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Welcome, Minn., Feb. 2, 1895, and resided when in- 
 ducted at Fairmont, Minn.. July 26, 191 8. as private in infan- 
 try, N. A. Assigned to Headquarters Co.. 54th Pioneer Inf., 
 Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., 
 Aug. 28, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 19 18. En- 
 gaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919- 
 
 OLTMAN, Willie Henry. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Henry Oltman. Kairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Welcome Minn., May 5, 1895. Resident of Eraser 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. June 
 25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 
 E. 332nd F. A., S6th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at 
 Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 17, 
 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 4. igi8. Returned 
 to U. S. Feb. 15, 19 19. discharged at Camp Grant. Til., Feb. 
 28, 1919. 
 
 OSELIUS, Arthur. (;i) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Aug. Oselius, Barron, Wis. 
 Born at lioone, Iowa, Feb. 7, 1888. Resident of Lake Fremont 
 Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 5, 19 18, as private in infantry ( machine gun), N. A. 
 Assigned to 14th Co.. 3rd Bn., Training Group No. 2, Gamp 
 Hancock, Ga. Discharged March 1, 1919, at Camp Grant, III. 
 
 PALMER, Ray G. (9) First Lieutenant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. J. E. Palmer. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont. Feb. 19. igoo. Resident of St. Paul, Minn., 
 when enlisted at Ft. Sheridan, 111., July 18, 1918, as private 
 in Infantry Officers Training Camp. Commissioned 2nd Lieut. 
 Sept. 16. 1918. Assigned to duty at Camp Perry, Ohio, small 
 arms firinc school. Discharged Jan. 15, 1919. 
 
 PALMER, Reuben William. (10) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. James II. Palmer, Grass Lake. Mich. 
 
 Born at Jackson County, Michigan, Aug. 30, 1888. Resident 
 of Fairmont when inducted at that place April 29, 19 iS. as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 351st Field Hospital 
 Co., 313th Sanitary Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Transferred to Co. C, 31 Mh Field Signal Bn.. 88th Div. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 17, 1918, arriving at LeFIavre, 
 France, Sept. 1 , 19 1 8. ICngaged at Haute-Alsace sector. Re- 
 turned to U. S. May 30, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
 June 10, 1919. 
 
 PARK, Earl Edward. (11) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Mary L. Park, Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, April 15, igoo. 
 Resident of Center Creek Twp., Martin County, when enlisted 
 May 20, 1918, at Mankato, Minn., as private in Coast Artillery 
 Corps, regular army. Sent to Ft. Adams, R. I., and assigned to 
 Battery B, 50th Coast Artillery Corps. Embarked from New- 
 port News. Va., Oct. 7. 1918. arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 
 21, 1918.' Returned to U. S. Feb. 14, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 27, 1919. 
 
 OSTGAARD, Holger. (4) Private. Son of A. L. 
 
 Ostgaard. Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., June 16, 1894, and resident of 
 Jay Twp., .in" said county, when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, IQ17, as private 
 in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
 Cody. N. M. Transferred in France to Hq. Co., 124th Field 
 Artillery, 33 rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 
 28, 191S, arriving abroad July 10, 191S. Engaged at St. Mihicl 
 and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 26, 19 19. and 
 discharged June 8, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 OWEN, Ira David. (5) First Lieutenant. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. D. G. Owen, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born Feb. 21, 1894, at Chicago, 111. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard on 
 July 15, 1917, as private. Assigned tt.i \U\. Detachment, 68th 
 Inf. Brigade at Camp Cody, N. M. Connnissioned from Offi- 
 cers Training Camp on Aug. 26, 1918. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Oct. 3, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, (Jet. 26, 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. July 7, 1919, and discharged at Camp Gordon, 
 Georgia, July 30, 1919. 
 
 OWEN, William Floyd. (G) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. D. G. Owen. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., March 28, 1S98, where he resided 
 when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., July 26, 191 7. as 
 private in Air Service, regular army. Assigned to 54th Aero 
 Squadron, changed later to 466th Aero Squadron, at Kelly Field, 
 Texas. Fmbarked from Hoboken, N. J., October 13, 19 17, ar- 
 riving abroad Oct. 29, 1917. Returned to U. S. Jan. 30, 1919, 
 and discharged Feb 10, 1919. 
 
 PACKARD, Silas Marion. (7) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Packard, Sherburn, 
 
 Minn, 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., Oct. 14, 1895, where he resided when 
 enlisted Dec. 14, 1917, at Ft. Dodge, Iowa, as private in avia- 
 tion, regular army. Assigned to 48 th Aero Squadron, 3rd 
 Aviation Regiment, at Waco, Texas. Transferred to 31st 
 Balloon Co., Ft. Sill, Oklahoma. Embarked from New York, 
 June 29, 19 1 8, arriving at Liverpool, England, July 15, 1918. 
 Stationed in France until April 20, 19 19. Returned to U. S. 
 May 25, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 6, 1919. 
 
 PALMER, Major Orville. (8) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Hattie B. Murtaugh, Ce3'lon, ]\linn. 
 
 Born at Columbia County, Wis., Feb. 2, 1890. Employed at 
 San Benito, Texas, when inducted at Brownsville, Texas, Sept. 
 5, 1917, as private in Field Artillery, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 l*', 315th Eng., 90th Div., at Camp Travis, Texas. Transferred 
 to Co. C, 2nd Bn. U. S. Guard, at Ft. Sam Houston, Texas. 
 Discharged at Camp Logan, Texas, Dec. 21, 1 9 1 8. 
 
 PARKER, Ora Elmer. ([2) Corporal. Son of John 
 
 Parker. Springfield. 111. 
 Born at Antioch, 111., Jan. 5, 1891. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service at 
 that place July 15, 1 9 1 7. as private in infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 in France to Co. A, 39th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J.. Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Nov. 
 I, 1918. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 13, 19 19. 
 
 PARSONS, Harvey Russell. (13) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Theodore A. Parsons, Man- 
 kato, Minn. 
 
 Born Oct. 1 1, 1894. at Watonwan County, Minn. Resident of 
 Ormsby, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at Fairmont, Minn.. July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Co. L, iith Inf., 5th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., June 27, igi8, arriving in England, July 
 9, 19 18. Engaged at St. Mihiel. Cited in orders by Major 
 General Ely. Returned to U. S. July 20, 1919. discharged at 
 Camp Dodge. Iowa. July 28, 19 10. 
 
 PATSCHE, Elmer J. (14) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Chas. H. Patsche, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Elgin, 111., Oct. 22, 1891. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., 
 when inducted at that place April 29, 1918, as private in infan- 
 try, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 313th Supply Train, 88th Div., 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 5th Bn., U. S. Guards 
 at Ft. Robinson, Nebraska. Transferred to cadre of Co. B, 
 Development Bn. No. i, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge. Iowa, Dec. 26, i g 1 8. 
 
 PATTERSON, Clarence Leonard. (15) Sergeant. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Patterson, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Houston, Minn., Sept. 27, 1898. Served with Co. E, 
 2nd Minn. Int., on Mexican border, 1916-17. Resident of Fair- 
 mont when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 that place July 15, 191 7, as corporal in infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Cajnp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
 ferred to American Embarkation Center in France. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 15, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
 France, Oct. 2, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 5, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July* 15, 1919. 
 
 PAULING, Arthur. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 ^Irs. Henry Pauling, Granville, Iowa. 
 Born at Granville, Iowa, June 15, 1893. Resident of Truman, 
 Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
 26, 19 1 8, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 
 159th Inf., 40th Div., Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred to 
 Co. L, 307th Inf., 77th Div., in France. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken. Aug. 8, 1918, arriving abroad Aug. 20, 1918. Engaged 
 at Meuse-Argonne, until Oct. 9, when he was sent to hospital 
 for sprained right knee. Returned to U. S. Feb. 10, 19191 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 5, 1919. 
 
 161 
 
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PEARSON, Jake. ( l ) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Nul^ rcarsnii. MinUercy, Minn. 
 Born at .Martin tounty. .Minn., Nov. i, iSgj. Resident of 
 Monterey, Minn., wlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. .Tnly 26. 
 T918, as private in infantry, JV. A. Assigned to fleadr|uarters 
 Co.. 54th I'ioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked 
 from Newport .N'ews, V'a., Aug. 29, 19 18, arriving at Brest. 
 France, Sept. 12, 19 18. Kn gaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
 to U. S. June 26, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant. III., July 3, 
 J919. 
 
 PEDERSON, Iver Conrad. (:*) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Pcder I. Pederson, Odin. Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Jan. 5, 1895. Resident of Cedar 
 Twp.. Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
 June 25, 1918, as private in artillery. N. A. Assigned to Battery 
 D, 3.32nd Field Artillery, at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to 
 Co. A, 7th Inf., 3rd Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken. 
 N. J., Sept. 16, 1 918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 29, 
 1 9 18. Returned to U. S. Aug. 13, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 28, 1919. 
 
 PERRIN, Ernest L. (3) Private. 
 
 Born in i8q(). Resident of Winnebago, Minn., when called to 
 federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 15, 1917. Sent to Camp Cody, X. M. and assigned to Co. E, 
 136th Inf.. 34th Div. Sent overseas in June, 1918 and assigned 
 to a combat division. Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. Returned 
 in summer of 1919. No furtiier record. 
 
 PERRY, Lyle Allison. (4) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Hattie Perry, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born April 5. 1896, at Estherville, Iowa. Married, one child. 
 Resident of Rollnig (Jreen Twji., Martin County, Minn., when 
 inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry, 
 N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 4th Inf., Training Bn., Camp Mac- 
 Arthur, Texas. Discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, Jan. 10. 1919. 
 
 PERSONIUS, Andrew Simon. (5) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Chas. A. Persom'us. Fairniunt. Minn. 
 Born at Tenhassen 'i'wp., Martin County, Aug. 23, 1889. Resi- 
 ■dent of Fairmont Minn., when inducted at that place April 6, 
 1918, as private, general service, N. A. Trained as motor 
 mechanic at University of Cincinnati. Transferred to Field 
 Artillery Replacement Depot at Camp Jackson, S. C. and as- 
 signed to Batteiy B, 4th Regt., F. A. R. D., later to Battery 
 A. 6th Regt. F. A. R. D. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
 Jan. 5, 1919. 
 
 PERSONIUS, William Cornelius. {i\) Private. Son 
 
 of Mrs. Fred Hanscome, Delevan, Minn. 
 Born at Madelia, Minn., March 7, 1893. Married, one child. 
 Resident of l''airmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 A, 346th Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred on 
 account of physical disability to Camp Grant Development Bn. 
 Sent later to Camp Logan, Texas. Discharged at that place 
 Dec. 14, 1918. 
 
 PERSONIUS, William H. (7) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Chas. A. Personius, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmotit, Xuv. 7, 1895. Resident of Silver Lake Twp., 
 Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 June 15, 1918, as private in the National Army. Trained at the 
 University of Minnesota. Transferred to Truck Co. 552, at 
 Camp Humphreys, V'a., later to 20th Supply Train, Camp Sevier, 
 S. C. l-Jischarged Feb. 25, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 PERSONS, Lee. (8) Private First Class. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. G. B. Persons, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., Dec. 21, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., Dec. 17, 19 17, as 
 private in aviation section, signal corps. Sent to Jelferson 
 J3arracks, Mo., and assigned to Co. 102, Air Service Mechanics 
 Regiment. Trained at Camp Hancock, Ga. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., March 4, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 March 8, 19 18. With the A. E. F. sixteen months. Returned 
 io U. S. June 18; 1919. discharged at Lamp Dodge, Iowa, June 
 30, 1919. 
 
 PETERS, Albert Alexander. (9) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Carl Peters, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Jay Twp., Martin County, March 21, 1889, and resident 
 thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st Inf., 88th 
 
 Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. G, 132nd Inf., 
 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Discharged on account of 
 disqualifying illness June 10, 19 18. 
 
 PETERSON, Albert Oscar. {in» Private First Class. 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Olof Peterson, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, May 13, 1893, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 
 
 19 1 7, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. M, 135th Inf., 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. 
 H, 165th Inf., 42nd Div. Kmbarked from Hoboken, N. J.. June 
 27, 1918. arriving at LeHavre. France, about July 20, 1918. ICn- 
 gaged at Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.-\rgonne. Evacu- 
 ated from front line Nov. 5, 1918. on account of illness. Re- 
 turned to C S. March r8, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, April 9. 1919. 
 
 PETERSON, Arthur John. {11) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. .\. J. Peterson, Triumph, Minn. 
 
 Born Jan. 31, 1889, at Cedar Twp.. Martin County. Resident 
 of Fairmont, Minn,, when inducted at that place Sept. 21, 1917. 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E. 135th Inf., 
 34tii Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred on account of pliysical 
 disability to Headquarters Cadre, Camp Cody Development 
 Battalion -No. i. Discharged at Camp Cody, N. M., Dec. 2, 
 1918 w^ith 20 jier cent disability. 
 
 PETERSON, August Peter. (12) Corporal. Son of 
 Julin A. Peterson <>f Elm Creek I'wp., Martm 
 County, 
 
 Born at Martin County, Oct. 25, 1898. wdiere he resided when 
 enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn, in Co. F, 1st Minn. Inf., National 
 Guard in federal service. Served at Ft. Snelling, Minn., until 
 Oct. 1917, when his outfit became the 135th Inf., at Camp 
 Cody, N. M., (34th Div.). Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Oct. 12. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 28, igi8. 
 Transferred to Prisoner of VV^ar Escort Co. 206, at St. Nazaire, 
 France, where he guarded German prisoners until Oct. i, 1919. 
 Returned to U. S. Oct. 31, 1919, discharged Nov. 11, 1919. 
 
 PETERSON, George William. (Li) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Olof Peterson, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Silver Lake Twp.. Martin County. April 24. 18S8, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 6, 
 
 19 1 8, as private in artillery, N. A. Trained at Motor School 
 at University of Cincinnati. Ohio. Assigned to Battery C, 23rd 
 Heavy Artillery ( Motorized ) at Camp Jackson, S. C. Trans- 
 ferred at the front in France to Battery A, 120th Field Artillery, 
 32nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 5, 1918, ar- 
 riving at Cherbourg. France, July 20, 19 18. Engaged at the 
 Aisne, Avocourt and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 
 4, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 17, 1919- 
 
 PETERSON, Gust Oscar. (H) Corporal. Son of 
 Oscar Peterson, Ruthton. Minn. 
 
 Born at that place July 8. 1896. Resident of I'airmont, Minn., 
 when called to service from National Guard at that place, July 15, 
 
 19 1 7. as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody, N. M., and 
 assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div.. as company clerk. 
 Transferred in France to Co. B, 59th Inf., 4th Div., later 
 to Mechanical Unit No. 2, Polish I'yphus Relief Expedition. 
 Last service was with Replacement Depot at Coblenz, Germany, 
 as clerical worker. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 
 
 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 30, 1918. Returned to 
 U. S. Dec. 2. 1919. discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., Dec. 6, 1919. 
 
 PETERSON, Harry Ebenezer. ( l.V) Musician. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Louis E, Peterson, Dunnell. Minn. 
 
 Born at Ogden, Iowa, Sept. 27, 1894. Married. Served on 
 the Mexican border in 1916 and tqit with the Iowa National 
 Guard. Resident of Dunnell, Minn., when called to federal 
 service from National Guard with Co. E, ist Iowa Inf., July 
 15, 191 7. as a bugler. Command later became Co. E, 133rd 
 Inf., 34th Div., stationed at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged 
 at Camp Cody on Feb. 5, 1918, for disability incurred while 
 in Mexican border service. 
 
 PETERSON, Hugh Gunard. (16) Sergeant. Son of 
 
 J. A. Peterson, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., Aug. 9, 1895. Employed at 
 Plainfield, N. J., when enlisted April 19, 1917. at Ft. Slocum, 
 N. v., as private in aviation service, signal corps, regular army. 
 Trained at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, Kelly Field, Texas, Camp 
 Hoare, Ontario, Talifero Field, Texas, and Garden City, N. Y. 
 Assigned to 40th Aero Squadron, later to 28th Aero Squadron. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Feb. 25. 19 18. arriving at 
 Liverpool, England. March 5, 1918. Engaged at Somme defen- 
 sive, Lys defensive, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne. Returned to U. S. May 31, 1919. discharged at Mitchell 
 Field, L. 1., June 12, 1919. 
 
 163 
 
PETERSON, James. (1) Private. Son of Lars 
 
 Peterson, Ames, Iowa. 
 Born in 1891. Knipioyed in Martin County when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5. 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to 
 Camp (Irant, III. Trained in the U. S. until discharged about 
 Dec, 1918. 
 
 Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf.. (later 136th Inf.). Transferred to 2nd 
 Reserve Officers Training camp at Ft. Snelling, Minn., and 
 commissioned. Assigned to Co. E, and later to Co. F, 352nd 
 Inf., 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Aug. 16, igiS, arriving at Liverpool, England, Aug. 28, 
 
 19 18. Engaged at Haute- Alsace. Returned to U. S., June i, 
 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 16, 1919. 
 
 PETERSON, John Martin. (2) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Carl Peterson. Annberg, Sweden, 
 
 Born at Annberg, Sweden. June 8. 1891. Resident of Monterey, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 35rst Inf., 88th 
 Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to ist Provisional 
 Development En., Camp Sevier, S. C. Discharged at Camp 
 Sevier, S. C, Nov. 27, 1918. 
 
 PETERSEN, Maurice Peter, r.'.) Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs, Kristian Peterson, Sherburn, Minn., 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., Jan. 11, 1892, where he resided when 
 inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infan- 
 try. N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Head- 
 quarters Co., 341st Inf., 86th Div. Transferred to Co. C, 36th 
 Bn., U. S. Guard, at Ft. Sheridan, 111. Discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111., Jan. 23, 1919. 
 
 PETERSON, John PhUip. (4 J Corporal. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Peterson, Triumph, Minn. 
 
 Born at Chicago, 111., Oct. 29, 1896. Resident of Triumph, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 24, 19 18, as 
 private in Motor Transport Corps. Assigned to Motor Trans- 
 port School at Indianapolis, Ind. Transferred to Motor Trans- 
 port Corps, Co. 377, at Camp Merritt. N. J., later to Camp Bragg, 
 N. C. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 28, 19 19. 
 
 PETERSON, Peter Elan. ( :. ) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 Enger Peterson, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born at Ida County, Iowa. Feb. 5. 1888. Resident of Waverly 
 Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 364th 
 Inf., 91st Div., Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France. July 21, 1918. 
 Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Ypres-Lys. Returned 
 to U. S. April 2, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, la., April 
 21, 1919. 
 
 PETERSON, Peter J. (6) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 In.i>ar Peterson. Ringkobing. Denmark, where he 
 was born April IS, 18S9. 
 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place 
 Sept. 5, 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 
 111., and assigned to duty with camp units at that place. Dis- 
 charged Feb. 17, J919, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 PETTERSON, Johannes Alfred. (7) Private. Par- 
 ents reside in Sweden. 
 Born at Jonskoping, Smoland, Sweden, June 5. 1892. Resident 
 of Monterey, Minn., when inducted at St. James, Minn.. June 
 24, 191S, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Wadsworth. S. C. 
 and assigned to Co. 1, 4th Pioneer Inf. Embarked Aug. 30. 
 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 15, 191 8. In hospital in 
 France, October 15, 1918, to April 8, 1919. Returned to U. S. 
 April 30, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 14, 1919. 
 
 PEW, Ellsworth Lamont. (8) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. C. R. Pew, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Madelia, Minn., March 17, 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
 ]\Iinn., when inducted at that place May 27, 1918, as private in 
 infantry, N. A. Assigned to 26th Co., 7th Bn., Depot Brigade 
 at Camp Lewis, Washington. Discharged Dec. 2, 1918. 
 
 PHIFER, Earl Edgar. (9) First Lieutenant. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Phifer, Nevada, Iowa. 
 Born at Keota, Iowa, April 27, 1889. Served in U. S. navy 
 in Vera Cruz expedition in 1914. Also with Co. E, 2nd Minn. 
 Inf., as 1st Sergt., on Mexican border in 1916-17. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., wlien called to federal service from National 
 Guard at that place July 15, 1917, as 1st SergL of infantry. 
 
 PIEPER, Albert Herman. (Ki) Private First Class. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Pieper, Cejdon, Alinn. 
 
 Born at DuPage County, 111., March i, 1896. Resident of Lake 
 Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Feb. 2, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 
 I r9th Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
 Hoboken. N. J.. May 11, 1918, arriving abroad May 27, 1918. 
 Engaged at Ypres. Bellicourt, Besiging and St. Souplet. Re- 
 turned to U. S. April 2, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, la., 
 April 12, 1919. 
 
 PIETROWIAK, William Joseph. (11) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Airs. Jiibeph Petriowak, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Silver Lake Twp.. Martin County, and resident thereof 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 1918, as private in 
 infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to 5th 
 Co., 1 61 St Depot Brigade. Discharged for hernia at Camp 
 Grant. 111., Sept. 9, 1918. 
 
 PILTZ, George Edward. (\::) Farrier. Son of Ed- 
 ward Piltz, Naperville, 111. 
 Born at Downer's Grove. 111., Oct. 2. 188S. Resident of Wel- 
 come, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Feb. 25, 1918. as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 351st, 88th Div., 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. A, 1 19th Inf., 
 30th Div.. at Camp Sevier, S. C. Transferred to veterinary 
 corps and promoted farrier. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 March 13, 1919- 
 
 PIXLER. Marvin Harold. (13) Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. ^1. i'ixler. Triumph, Minn. 
 
 Born at Rising Sun, Neb., Nov. 21, 1894. Married. Resident 
 of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 
 14, 1917, as private in ordnance, N. A. Assigned to i8th Co., 
 ist Regt., P. O. D. B. at Camp Jackson. S. C. Trained at 
 Camps Jackson and Hancock. Embarked from New York, May 
 26, 1918, arriving at Liverpool. England, June 8, 1918. Re- 
 turned to U. S. May 22, 1919. and discharged June 2, 1919. ^t 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 PLUMHOFF, Louis F. (14) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Gt-o. Plumhoff, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County. April 28, 1894, and resi- 
 dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Mihn., Sept. 21, 19^7, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E. i35tb Inf., 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. 
 M, 49th Inf. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 1918, 
 arriving at LeHavre. France, Oct. 27, 1918. Returned to U, S. 
 Tan. 21. 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 24, 1919- 
 
 PONDORF, Frank, (15) Private. Son of Mrs. Ber- 
 tha Shinncman, Hoopeston, 111. 
 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn., Dec. 28, 1897, and resident thereof 
 when entering service. Served previously on Mexican border 
 in 1916-17 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Called to federal service 
 from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 191"' as 
 private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E. 136th Inf., 34th Div., at 
 Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Battery E, 123rd 
 Field Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., 
 June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 12, 1918. 
 Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S., 
 May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 7, I9i9> 
 
 POOLE, William H. (10) Private First Class. Son 
 
 uf Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Poole, Truman, Alinn. 
 Born March 17, 1895. at Winnebago, Minn. Resident of Tru- 
 man, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 13, 191^. 
 as private, field artillery, regular army. Assigned to Bty. r, 
 2ist Field Artillery, 5th Div., at Leon Springs, Texas. Em- 
 barked from Montreal. Canada, May 26, 191S. Arrived at Le- 
 Havre, France, June 20, 191S. Engaged as follows: St. Mihxel, 
 St. Die Sector, Metz front. Returned to U. S., July 22, 1919. 
 Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 5, i9i9- 
 
 165 
 
POPLOWSKI, Ole. (1) Private. Parents In Rus- 
 sian Poland, supposed to have perished in the war. 
 Born at Xicholis, Russian Poland. May 19, 1894. Came to U. S. 
 in 1913. Kesidcnt of Fairmont. Minn., when inducted at that 
 place, May 26, 1918. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash., and assigned 
 to 1 66th Uepot Brigade. Transferred to Camp Fremont, Calif., 
 and assigned to Co. I, 62nd Inf.. Sth Div. At port of em- 
 barkation when armistice was signed. Served at Camp Lee. 
 Va., Nov., 1918 to June 1919. Discharged at Camp Grant, III.. 
 June 19, 1919. 
 
 POPP. William A. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 William Popp. I'airmont, Minn. (Now Minneapo- 
 lis.) 
 
 Born at Pierre, S. D., Dec. 25, 1896. Employed at Chicago, 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 19 18, as private 
 of infantry, X. A. Sent to Camp Wadsworth, S. C, and as- 
 signed to Headquarters Co., 54th Pioneer Inf. Embarked from 
 Newport News, \'a., Aug. 29. 191 8. arriving at Brest, J-'rance, 
 Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S., 
 June 26, 1Q19, discharged July 3, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 POPPE, Walter Carl. (;i) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Fred Poppe. Ceylon. Minn. 
 Born at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County. July 2, 1895. and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. July 26. 1918, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Wadsworth, X. C. 
 and assigned to Headquarters Co., 54th I'ioneer Inf. Embarked 
 from Newport News. \'a.. Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
 France, Sept. 12, 19 iS. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
 to U. S., June 29, 19 19, discharged at Camp Grant, 111.. Jvily 
 3. 1919. 
 
 Assigned to Co, E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 In hospital Nov. 15. 1917, to Aug. 13, 1918. for acute cellulitis 
 followed by permanent ankalosis left ankle joint. Discharged, 
 permanently disabled, at Camp Cody, N. M., Aug. 13, 19 18. 
 
 PRINDLE, Wayne Cecil. (U) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Bessie Thompson, Lacona, N. V. 
 Born at Westford Twp., ilariin County. Sept. 23. 1S97. Resident 
 of I'airmont, Minn., when called to federal service from Xnlional 
 Guard at that i)lace July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34tb Div., Camp Cody, N'^. M. Trans- 
 ferred to Supply Co.. 123rd I'ield Artillery, 33rd Div., in France. 
 ICmbarked from Hobokcn, X. J., June 28. 1Q18. arriving at 
 Liverpool, England, July 9, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
 Meuse-Arponne. Returned to U. S., June 20, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Mills. Long Island, June 30, 1919. 
 
 PULVER. Edbert Lyle. (IO) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 Edith Wakey. Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn., July 31 1896. Student at Champaign, 
 111., when inducted at Urbana, 111., Oct. 30, 19 18, as private 
 in S. A. T. C. Discharged Dec, 191 8. 
 
 QUADE, Otto Albert. (11) Private. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 Born April 15, 1895, at Wells, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place Jan. 19, 1918, as private in 
 inlantrv, X. A. Assigned to Co. L, 59th Inf., 4t\t Div.. at 
 Camp Greene, S. C. Transferred to Co. B, loth U. S. (luards 
 at Jersey City, N. J. Discharged Jan. 30, 1919, at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. 
 
 PORATH, Fred William. (4) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Emily Fnrstnow, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Wahpeton, N^. D., May i8, 1893. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when enlisted at Chicago, 111., Oct. 4. 19 17, as private 
 in regular army. Assigned to Hf|. Co., fust Inf., 5th Div., at 
 Gettysburg, Pa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., April 15. 1918, 
 arriving at Brest. France, April 28. 1918. Engaged at LaCude, 
 Mere Huerey, LaChappel, St. Mihiel, Aleuse-Argonne. Returned 
 to U. S., July 20, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 
 28, 1919. Served previously in Canadian air forces. 
 
 Corporal. Parents de- 
 
 QUADE, William G. (1:^ 
 
 ceased. 
 
 Born Feb. 12, 1892, at Wells, Minn. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when inducted at that place April 29. 1918. Assigned 
 to Co. !■:. 113th Supply Train, 8Stli Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Embarked ~ from Hoboken. N. J., Aug. 24. 1918. arriving at 
 LeHavre, F'rance, Sept. 11, 1918. Served in Haute-Alsace sec- 
 tor. Returned to U. S. June 3. 19 "9. and discharged June 10, 
 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 PORTER, Robert Edwin. ( .'. ) First Lieutenant. Son 
 
 of C. A. I'urter, I'airniont, Minn. 
 Born Jan. 28, 1892, at Alliance, Neb. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted May 15, 191 7, in R. O. T. C. at Ft. 
 Snelling. Minn., for commission in artillery. Commissioned 2nd 
 Lieut., Aug. 15, 1917. Assigned as assistant to Quartermaster, 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Camp Jos. E. Johnston, 
 Florida, later to Camp Kearney. Calif. Embarked from Floboken. 
 N. J., ^\ug. 15, igi8, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 1. 
 1 918. In action in Toul sector Sept. 26, 1918. Engaged in 
 Meuse-Argonne otTensive. Returned to U. S., April 2y, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Lee, \'a.. May 5, 1919. 
 
 POWERS, Wayne Myron, (li) Musician Third Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. M. L. Powers, Fairmonr, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 15, 1896, where be resided when 
 enlisted in Xational Guard in federal service at Fairmont. Minn., 
 Aug. 3, 1917, as bugler in infantry. Assigned to Co. E. i36tb 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in i'Vance 
 to H(|. Co. (band) i6ist Inf., 41st Div. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J.. June 28. 19 18, arriving at Liverpool, England. 
 July 13, 1 9 1 8. Returned to U. S. Feb, 22, 1918, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 12, 1919. 
 
 PRAFKE, Frank Albert. (7) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Frank H. Prafke. Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
 when inducted at Fairmont, May 26, 1918, as private in infantry, 
 N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, 
 Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., July 22, 1918, arriving 
 at Liverpool, Eng., Aug. 3, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 
 25, 1919. discharged April 5, 1919. 
 
 PRINDLE, Ray L. (8) Private. Son of Mrs. Bessie 
 Tiiompson. Lacona. N. Y. 
 
 Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, June 13, 1895. Resident 
 of Truman, Minn., when called to federal service from X^ational 
 Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
 
 QUIEN, Carl B. (U) Private. Parents deceased. 
 
 r.nrn Feb. 20. i8g6, at Winnishiek County, Iowa. Resident of 
 Sherhurn. Minn., when inducted Feb. 10, 1918, at Hettinger, 
 X. D., as private in Spruce Production Division, Signal Corps. 
 N. A. Served at Vancouver Barracks, Wash. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 20. 19 19. 
 
 QUINN, Roswell James, (l-i) Private. Son of JiulRe 
 
 and Mrs. J. H. Quinn, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Bar- 
 racks, Mo., July 20, 1918, as private in Quartermaster Corps, 
 regular army. Assigned to duty at Camp Joseph E. Johnston, 
 Jacksi>nvi]le, Fla. Discharged Dec. i, 1918. 
 
 RAFORTH, August, (l.")) Ordnance Sergeant. Son 
 of Wni. Raforth, Welcome, Minn. 
 
 Born lune 19. 1890, at Iroquois County, 111. Resident ot 
 Triump'h, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 
 14, 1917, as private in Ordnance Corps, regular army. Assigned 
 to Co. B, 3rd Provisional Ordnance Battalion, Camp Jackson, 
 S. C, later Camp Hancock, Ga. Transferred to Air Service 
 Production Center No. 2, later to Air Supply Depot, Mehan. 
 France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., May 26, 1918, arnvuig 
 at P.ordeaux, France, June 9, 1918. Returned to U. S. Aug. 
 30, 1919. discharged Sept. 23, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 RATLEDGE, Stanley Ivan, (lii) Corporal. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Ratledge, Fairmont. Minn., 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Dec. 16, 1894, where be resided when 
 called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont. Minn., 
 July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. D, 
 I St Engineers, 1st Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 X. I., June 27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 13. 1918. 
 Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Wounded, slightly, 
 by high explosive, left knee, and gassed, severely, Meuse-Argonne, 
 Oct. 4. 1918. Returned to command after 13 weeks in hospital. 
 With Army of fjccupation and participated in Pershing Victory 
 parades New York and Washington. Returned to U. S., Sept. 
 4, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Sept. 25, 1919- 
 
 167 
 
m 
 
 M 
 
REDMAN, Franz Henry, (l) Private. Son of Mrs 
 
 W'illiclniina Re<inian, Monterey*. Minn. 
 Eoni at Jackson, Minn., Jan. 13, 1S92. Resident of Monterey, 
 !Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 19 18, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 351st l-'ield Hospital, 
 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 3rd Co., Depot 
 Lrigade at Presidio, Calif., and to U. S. Guards at that place. 
 Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 17, 19 19. 
 
 RETTKE, Edward A. (9) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Aug. Ochs. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at I'raser Twp,, Martin County, Oct. 17, 1894. Resident 
 of Rutland Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., July 26, 1918.. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
 to Headquarters Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wads worth, 
 S. C. Embarked from Newport News, \'a., Aug. 26, 19 18, ar- 
 riving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse- 
 Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 18, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Grant, III., July 1, 1919. 
 
 REIMAN, Fredrick Otto, en Private. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., Nov. 27, 1890. Resident of Cey- 
 lon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 19 17, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 313th Ammuni- 
 tion Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 
 Co. E. 307th Engrs., 82nd Div., Camp Gordon, Ga. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J., April 27, 1918, arriving at Lellavre, France, 
 May 13. 1918. Engaged at St. Miliiel. Gassed (mustard) Sept. 
 17, 1918, in hospital 2 months. Returned to U. S. Jan. 22, :9r9, 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 8, 1919. Permanently 
 disabled. 
 
 RETTKE. Henry A. (10) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Henry E. Rettke, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at St. Louis, Mo.. Dec. 10, 1890. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place June 25. 1918, as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 344th Inf.. S6th Div., at 
 Camp Grant. III. Transferred in France to Co. F, iiith Inf., 
 28th Div. Enibarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 9, 1918, arriving 
 at Bordeaux, France, Sept. 30. 1918. Returned to U. S. April 
 J9, 19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 15, 1919. 
 
 REINKE, Bert H. (;j) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. F. H. Rienke, Truman. Minn. 
 
 Born Jan. 21, 1893. at Fairmont, Minn. Resident of Truman, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 2. 19 18, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 53rd Inf., 6th Div., 
 at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
 6. 1918. Arrived LeHavre, France, July 23, 1918. Engagements: 
 \'osges, Meuse- Argonne. .\rrived back in U. S. June, 19 19. 
 Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jtme 21 . 10 19. 
 
 REUTTER, Glen Albert. (11) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Albert Reutter, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Fenton. Iowa, July 27, 1896. Resident of Rutland Twp., 
 Martin County, when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., May 23, 1918, 
 as private in coast artillery, regular army. Assigned to 2nd 
 Co.. 'C. A. C. at Ft. Caswell. N. C. Transferred at that place 
 to Battery D, 6th Trench Artillery. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Nov. 2. 191S, arriving at Brest, France, Nov. 9, 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. Jan. 8, 1919* discharged Jan. 30, 1919. 
 
 REINKE, Herbert G. ( 4 ) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. \V. E. Reinke. Truman. Minn., 
 Born Nov. 28. 1896, at West ford Twp., Martin County, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. July 26, igi8. 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co.. 54th 
 Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Newport 
 News. \'a., Aug. 29, 191S, Arrived at Brest. I'Vance, Sept. 12. 
 1918. Engaeed at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. .S. June 
 2(1, 1919. Discharged July 3, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 REYNOLDS. Sanford Walton. (1:^) Private First 
 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mr^.. D. M. Reynolds, Slier- 
 burn, Minn. J^ 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn.. Dec. 25. 1893, and resided there when 
 inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 15. 1918, as private in signal 
 corps. N. A. Assigned to ist Training Detachment. University 
 of Minnesota. Transferred to Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, 4th 
 Training Battalion, Signal Corps. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Jan. 18. 1919- 
 
 REINKE, William A. (.->) Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
 
 ]\lrs. W. E. Reinke, Truman. Minn. 
 Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, Feb. to, 1895, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 25, 
 1918, as «si\ate in infantrv. N. .\. .\ssigned to Co. M, 
 388th Inf.,^7th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to 
 Co. 2. Ordiwnce Guards, at Ft. Wingate, N. M. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July July 10, 1919. 
 
 REITER, Alfred William, (fi) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ed Reiter, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born at LaSalle County. 111., Aug. 4, 1891. Resident of West- 
 ford Twp., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 19 17, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Machine Gun Com- 
 pany, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred 
 in France to Co. F, 144th Inf.. 36th Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 23, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England. 
 Oct. 24, 19 18. Returned to U. S. June 6, 19 19, discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 16, 1919. 
 
 REITER, Julius Albert. (7) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Ed Reiter, Truman, Minn. 
 Born at Wenona, 111., Oct. 26. 1896. Resident of Westford Twp., 
 Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 25. 19 18, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 388th Inf.. 
 ■97th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged Dec. 14, 1918, at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 RETTKE, Charles D. (8) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mrs. .August Ochs. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Eraser Twp., Martin County, Dec. 2, 18S8. Resident 
 of Rutland 1 wp., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. I, 136th 
 Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M, Transferred in France 
 to Supply Co., 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd Div.. later to 272nd 
 Military Police, 33rd Div. Embarked from Moboken. N. J., June 
 ^8, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 12, 1918. Engaged 
 at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 9, 
 19 1 9, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 20, 1919. 
 
 RICHARDSON, Walter Bradford, (i:^) Private. Son 
 
 of Dr. and xMrs. VV. J. Richardson, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Dec. 12, 1898, and resided there when 
 enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Nov. 2, 1918, as private m 
 S. A. T. C. Assigned to University of Minnesota for training. 
 Disciiarged at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. i, 1918. 
 
 RIEDEL, Otto Harold. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Robert Riedel, Triumph, Minn. 
 Born at Clinton County, Iowa, June 7, 1896. Resident of Fox 
 I^lce Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 5. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp 
 Orant. 111., and assigned to i6ist Depot Brigade. Transferred to 
 Machine Gun Training Center at Camp Hancock, Ga., trainmg 
 in 19th Co. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 9, 1919- 
 
 RICE, Ira Jesse. (15) Private. Son of Mrs. Anna 
 
 Rice, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Buckley, 111., Dec. 18, 1891. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place June 25, 19 18, as private 
 in artillery. N. A. Assigned to Battery D. 33^^<i Field Artillery, 
 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111- Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis, 
 Transferred to Co. D, ist Development Battalion, Camp Grant, 
 111. Discharged at Camp Grant, Dec. 18, 1918. 
 
 RIDDELL, Walter N. (ifj) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Maggie Riddell, Bunnell, Minn. 
 Born May 29, 1887, at Wall Lake, Iowa. Employed at West- 
 brook. :\Iinn., when enlisted at that place June 24, 1917, as private 
 in Field Artillery, regular army. Assigned to Battery D, 17th 
 Field Artillery, 2nd Div., at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked 
 from Newport News, Va., Feb. 15, 1918, arriving at Bordeaux, 
 France, March 12, 1918. Participated in the following engage- 
 ments and campaigns: Toulon, Troyon, Toulon-Tryon, Aisne 
 Defensive, Chateau-Thierrv, Aisne-Marne offensive, Marbache, 
 St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne (Champaigne) and with Army of 
 Occupation. Riddell's battery was decorated for action at 
 Chateau-Thierry, and his regiment was decorated with Croix 
 du Guerre with star and Croix du Guerre with palm. Returned 
 to U. S. Aug. 4, 1919, and discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Aug. 14, 1919. 
 
 169 
 
RIEGEL, Samuel Charley. (O Private. Son of John 
 
 RicKi'l. Granaila. .Minn. 
 Born <it Pleasant Prairie Tvvp., Martin County. Tan. 4. 1S96, 
 and resident theicof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., .\uK. 
 26. igiS. as private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to i6ist 
 Depot Brigade. Camp (Irant. 111., serving until discharged at that 
 place Jan. 9, 1919. 
 
 ROSEN, Gust A. (ii) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 E. F. Rosen, Perhani, Minn. 
 
 TJorn at .\ddison. 111., March 31. 1894. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when inducted at that place ^lay 26. 1918, as private 
 in infantry, N. .\. .Assigned to Headquarters Co., 364th Inf., 
 91st Div.. at Camp Lewis. Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 X. J., .July IJ, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 21, 1918. 
 Engaged at St. Mihiel. Meuse-.\rgonne and Lys-Scheldt. Re- 
 turned to U. S. March 21, 1919, discharged at Camji Dodge, 
 Iowa, April 18, 1919, 
 
 RIPPEL. William. (21 Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 .Mr.s. Clias. Ki|ipid, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at l-'o.x Lake Twp.. Martin C"ounty, May 25. 1890. Resident 
 of Jackson, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 5. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to Co. .A, ist 
 Bnttalinn, Infantry Replacement Troops, Camp Mac.Arthur, Texas. 
 Discharged at Camp Bowie, Texas, April 22, 1919. 
 
 ROSENBERG, Robert August, (in I Private. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Rosenber.e;, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born .\pril 15. 1894, at Martin County, Minn. Resident of Lake 
 Belt Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 .Aug. 26, 1918. as a private in infantry, N. .A. .Assigned to 15th 
 Co., i6ist Depot Brigade at Camp Cirant, 111. Transferred to 
 Co. 332, Motor Transport Corps at Camp Hancock. Cia. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Hancock, Ga., March 15, 1919. 
 
 ROARK, Arthur. (.1) Sergeant. Son of Robert W. 
 
 Roark, Lafayette, Tenn. 
 Born at that place Oct. 30, 1888. Married. Resident of Fair- 
 mont, Minn., when inducted at Farm School, St. Paul. Minn.. 
 June 15, 1918, as private in infantry, N. .A. 'IVained at Farm 
 School, St Paul, assigned to Co. A, 28th Machine Gun Bn., 
 loth Div.. at Camp Funston, Kansas. Transferred to Hq. Co., 
 same organization. Discharged at Camp Funston, Kan., Jan. 
 29, 1919. 
 
 ROBERTS, Bennie. (4) Private First Class. Son of 
 
 .Mr. ami .\ir.s. Nels Roberts, Granada. -Minn. 
 
 Born at Granada, Minn., July 5, 1895, where he resided when 
 called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
 Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
 E. 136th Inf.. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to 
 Co. H. loth Inf.. 2nd Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, July 11, 
 1918. Engaged at Marbache. St. Mihiel and Meuse-.Argonne. 
 Returned to LI. S. -Aug. i, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, .\ug. 14, 1919. 
 
 ROEBBEKE, Frederick William Henry. 1.,) Cor- 
 poral. Son of Mr. and ^Irs. Chas. Roeljbeke. Slier- 
 burn, Minn. 
 Resident of Manyaska Twp., Martin Comity, when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn.. June 15, 1918, as private in Motor Transport 
 Corps. N. .A. Sent to University of Minnesota for training. 
 Transferred to Camp Humphreys, Va., and assigned to Motor 
 Truck Co. 552. Discharged at Camp Dodge, la., March 29, 
 1919- 
 
 ROSENBERG, Wiliiam C. ( U ) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of .Mr. and .Mrs. Henry Rosenberg, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Tenhassen Twp., Mnrtin County, Minn., Feb. 22, 1892. 
 Resident of Tenhassen Twi>.. when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
 May 26. 1918, as private in infantry, N- A. .Assigned to Co. 
 E. 122nd Inf., 81st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred 
 to Co. M, i=;^th Inf., later to Co. C. 12-th Inf., 32nd Div., in 
 France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., -Aug. 3. 1918. arriving 
 at Brest. France. -Aug. iS, 1918. Engaged in Meuse-.\rgonne 
 Offensive. Returned to LT. S. March 13, 1919. and discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, -Aiiril 3. 1919. 
 
 ROSENWINKEL, Adolph J. (l;.>) Private. Son ot 
 
 .Mr. and .Mrs. Herman Rosen winkel. Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Fraser Twp.. Martin County, .\nril 1, 1895. Resident 
 of Fraser Twp. when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., luly 26, 1918, 
 as a private in infantrv, X. A. .Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th 
 Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from 
 Newport News. \'a., .\ug. 29. 1918. .Arrived at Brest, France, 
 Sept. 12. 1918. Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. Returned to U. b. 
 June 26. 1919. Discharged at Camp Grant. 111.. July 3, 1919. 
 
 ROSS, Harold Orvis. (i:i) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Dan Ross, Truman, Minn. 
 Born at Pipestone, Minn., Dec. 14, 1894. Resident of Truman, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., .Aug. 5, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, X. .A. .\ssigned to 6ist Recruit Bn., 1-t. 
 Syracuse, X. V. Transferred to office of the Surgeon, |iort of 
 embarkation, Hoboken, X. J. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 July 5, 1919. 
 
 ROEBKE. Harvey Rayfield. (li ) Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Roebke, Sherbnrn, .Minn. 
 
 Born at Slierburn, Aiinn., .April 30, 1897, resided there when in- 
 ducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 12, 1918, as private in Motor 
 Transport Corps, regular army. Trained at Indianapolis, Ind. 
 in Co. I*", 2nd Battalion. Discharged Dec. 10, 1918. 
 
 RONO, Julius B. (7) Private. Son of Mrs. Jolin 
 
 Rono, Truman, Minn. 
 Born March 21, 1S93, at AXartin County, Minn. Resident of 
 Waverly Twp.. Martin County, when called to federal service 
 from Xational Ciuard, -Aug. 3, 1917, at Fairmont, Alinn., as 
 private in infantry. .Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
 at Camp C"ody, X. M. Discharged at Camp Cody for disability, 
 Dec. ig, 1917. 
 
 ROSS, Leo L. (14) Corporal. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Chas. W. Ross. Fairmont. Minn. 
 I'.cn-n Dec. 19, 1892. at Blue Earth Co.. Minn. Resided at Am- 
 boy Minn., when inducted at Mankato, Minn., as a private m 
 infantry. X. .\. Assigned to Co. .A, 3S0th Inf., 88th Div., at 
 Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred in France to Co. 682, Motor 
 Transport Corjis. Embarked from -Newport .News, \'a., Aug. 30. 
 1918. .Arrived at Brest, France. Sept. 13. 1918. Returned to 
 U. S. Aug. 17, 1919. Discharged Aug. 24, 1919. at Camp Dodge. 
 Iowa. 
 
 ROSSKOPF, Irvin William. (15) Private. Son of 
 
 -Mr. and -Mrs. J. F. Rosskopf, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Horn at Galena Twp., Martin County, .Aug. 9, 1S98. Resident 
 
 of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted in S. -A. T. C. at St. Paul. 
 
 Minn., Oct. 14. 1918. .Assigned to Hamline University, St. 
 Paul, for training. Discharged Dec. 14, 1918. 
 
 ROSA, Harry Clarence. (S) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Geo. Rosa, Fairmont, iMinn. 
 Born at Fairmont 'Iw-p., Martin County, Oct. ig, 1901, where he 
 resided when he enlisted at Mankato. Minn., April 16, igi8, 
 as itrivate in coast artillery corps, regular army. .Assigned to gth 
 Puget Sound Co., at Ft. Casey, Wash. Transferred to Battery 
 -A. 48tli Heavy .Artillery at Camp Eustis, \'a., later to Supply 
 Co.. same command. I'-mbarked from Newport .News. \'a., C)ct. 
 7, 1918, arriving at Brest, France. Oct. 20, igi8. Returned to 
 U. S., July 15, igig, discnarged at Camp L^odge, Iowa, July 
 26, 1919. 
 
 ROTH, William. (lU) Private. Snn of Aug. Roth, 
 
 Fairmont, Minn. 
 P.nrn at Bruce. S. D., Sept. 17, 1895. Resident of Fraser Twp.. 
 .Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., May 26, 191S, 
 as ijrivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Machine Gun Co., 
 364th Inf., 91st Div.. Camp Lewis. Wash. Embarked from Hobo- 
 ken, X. L, July 12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 
 21, 1918.' Engaged at Meuse-.Argonne. Severely wounded in 
 right elbow, right leg, left hip and back, with shrapnel on Sept. 
 \o. 191S. In hospital until Jan. 30, 1919. Returned to U. S. 
 Feb. 12. 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 27, 1919, 
 with 85 per cent permanent disability. 
 
 171 
 
ROUSE, Chester Whipple. (\) Sergeant, Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. I'red Rousu. Ceylim. Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., March 8, i8(jj. liniployed at Butter- 
 field, Minn., wlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 8, 1918, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D, 5lh Training 
 Bn. at Camp Mac Arthur, Texas. Assigned to Army Service 
 Corps, at St. Nazaire, France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Sept. 23, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Oct. 6, 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. July 23, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant, 
 111., Aug. 31, 1919. 
 
 ROWLEY, Leonard R. (2) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. O. G. Rowley, Granada. Minn.* 
 
 Born at East Chain Twp.. Martin County, March 17, 1888, and 
 resident of that place wlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 
 342nd Inf., S6th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in France 
 to Co. H, 55th Inf., 7th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Sept. 9, 19,18, arriving at Lellavre, France, Sept. 27, rqiS. 
 Returned to U. S. June 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, June 27, 1919. 
 
 RUBY, Peter, c^,) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Mads Rnby, Wcmb, Denmark, where he was 
 
 born June 6, 1890. 
 Resident of Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 19 19, as j)rivate in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Headquarters Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wads- 
 worth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, 
 arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 19 18. Engaged at Meuse- 
 Argonne. Returned to U. S., June 26, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Grant, III., July 3, 1919. 
 
 RUNNING, Josef Emil. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Hans Running. Odin, Minn. 
 
 Born at Cedar Twp., Martin County, April 15, 1891. Married. 
 Teachmg at Ottawa. 111., when inducted at that place May 12. 
 1918, as private in N. A. Assigned to 37th Provisional' Co.. 
 at Camp MacArthur, Texas. Discharged about Dec. 28, 1918. 
 
 .\ug. 28. 19 '8, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 18, 19 18. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Meuse. Returned to U. S. July 5, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 13, 1919. 
 
 SALISBURY, John Clayton. (10) Gunner First 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Salisbury. Sher- 
 burn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Morrisville, Vermont, Feb. 15, 1896. Resident of Shcr- 
 burn, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., March 
 9, 1918, as private in Coast Artillery, N. A. Assigned to 31st 
 Co., Coast .Artillery at Ft. Warren, Mass. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J., Sept. 23, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, 
 Oct. 7, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 7, 1919, discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 18, 1919. 
 
 SALISBURY, Martin L. (in Chief Mechanic. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. James SaHsbury, Rodman, Iowa. 
 Born at West Bend, Iowa, Nov. 26, 1890. Resident of Tenhas- 
 sen Twp.. Martin County. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., May 2, 1918, as private in Motor Supply Service. 
 Assigned to Co. F, Motor Supply, 6th Div.. afterward Co. A, 
 6th Ammunition Train, 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 7, 1918, arriving at Le- 
 Havre, France, July 20, 1918. Engaged at \osges Sector and 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. July 11, 1919. Discharged 
 July 23, 1919. at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 SALZMAN, Otto Gottlieb. {12) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Salzman, Triumph, Minn. 
 Born at Newton, 111., March 29, 1894. Resident of Fox Lake 
 Iwp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Sept. 
 21, 191-. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. H. 
 136th Inf., 34th Div., at tamp' Cody. N. M. Transferred in 
 France to Battery B, 119th Field Artillery, 32nd Div. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. }., June 27, 191S, arriving at LeHavre, 
 France, July 12, 19 18. Engaged at Soissons, Aisne-Marne, 
 and Meuse-.\rgonne. Left front on account of illness Oct. 
 10, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 3, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa. May 16, 1919. 
 
 RUNNING, Martin. (.5) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Han-^ Running. Odin, Minn. 
 
 Born June 21, 1888, at Cedar Twp.. Martin County. Inducted 
 Aug. 29, 1918, and sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa. Physically dis- 
 qualified and discharged at Camp Dodge, Sei)t. 2, 1918. 
 
 RUSSENBERGER, William Richard. (C.) Private. 
 
 Parents decfasud. 
 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., March 23, 1892. Resident of Cedar 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at I-'airmont, Minn., Feb. 
 26, 19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. .Sent to Cam]) i lodge 
 and assigned to 163rd Depot Brigade. Transferred to Camp 
 Devens, Mass., and assigned to 33rd ICngineeis. Transferred 
 later to 342nd Field Artillery, 89th Div. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J., June 28. 1 9 18, arriving abroad July 13, 191 8. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Arttonne. Returned to U. S. in May, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Pike Arkansas, June 12, 1919. 
 
 SAGER, Ellsworth M. (7) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Walter Sager, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at' East Chain Twp., Martin County, Dec. 17, 1896. Resi- 
 dent of Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 19:8, as private in engineers, N. A. 
 Assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co., at Camp Forrest, Ga. 
 Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 SAGER. John Emerson, (s) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Walter Sager, Granada. Minn. 
 
 Resident of East Chain Twp.. Martin County, Minn., when in- 
 ducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, as private in infantry. 
 N. A. Assigned to llq. Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wads- 
 worth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News. Va., Aug. 29, 1918. 
 arriving at Brest, France. Sept. 13, 19 18. Engaged at Alcuse- 
 Argonne. Relumed to U. S. June 26, 1919, discharged at Caniii 
 Grant, 111.. July 3. 1919. 
 
 SAGGAU, Henry A. C. (!)) Wagoner. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. 11. A. Saggau, CeN'lim, .Minn. 
 
 Born at Malone, Iowa, April 2, 188S. Married, 2 children. Resi- 
 dent of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 
 2, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Trained at University of 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. Transferred to Co. C, 3rd Corps Artillery 
 Park, Camp Jackson, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., 
 
 SAMUELSON, David Berthold. (J3) Private. 
 
 Born at Torpa, Normalasa. Ostergotland, Sweden, Nov. 26, 1895. 
 Resident of Slierburn, Minn., when inducted, July 26, 1918, at 
 .Spencer, Iowa, as private in infantry. N. A. Sent to Camp Gor- 
 don, Ga., and assigned to Co. G. 5th Replacement Battalion. 
 Transferred in France to 136th Transportation Corps. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 26, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Nov. 
 8, and in France, Nov. 20, igi8. Returned to U. S. July 10, 
 igi9, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 26, 1919. 
 
 SANSEN, Carl G. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Carl J. Sansen, P'airmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at .Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Jan. 4. 1898. Resi- 
 dent of FairiTiont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 April 2. 1918, as private, general service, regular army. Trained 
 at Washington Barracks, D. C. On reaching France was assigned 
 to Co. F, 307th Ammunition Train, 82nd Div. Embarked frorh 
 Hoboken, N. J., June 14, 1918, arriving at Brest. France, June 
 27, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Marhache and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Severely gassed in .Argonnes, Oct. 28, 191S. Rated 20 j)er cent 
 disabled at discharge. Returned to U. S. May 6, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 21, 1919. 
 
 SAUCK, Carl A. (15) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. The- 
 resa Sanck, P'airmont. Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont Twp.. Martin County, March 15, 1889. Served 
 on Mexican border 191 6-1 7 with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf. Resi- 
 dent of Fairmont Twp., Martin County, when called to federal 
 service from .\ational tiuard at that place, July 15, 191 7, as 
 sergeant in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
 Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. A, 59th Inf., 
 4th Div. Transferred in Germany to 4th Div., Military Police. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 19 18, arriving at Le- 
 Havre, France, Oct. 26, 191S. Returned to U. S. July 31, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Grant , III., Au g. 6, 1919. 
 
 SAWYER, Robert I. (ir. ) Private. Son of George 
 E. Sawyer, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Burlington, Wis., Feb. 10, 1888. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place Sept. 21, 1917. as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 163rd Depot Brigade, 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 28th Engineers at 
 Camp Dodge. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Feb. 6, 1918, 
 arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Feb. 24, 19 18. With his com- 
 mand he was engaged in the operation of stone quarries in the 
 Gondrecourt sector. Became ill and was in various hospitals for 
 nine months. Discharged for disability. Returned to U. S. 
 Aug. 13, 1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 22, 1919. 
 
 173 
 
SAXEN, Henry Herman. ( 1 I Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Henry Saxen. Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Resident of Fairmont when inducted at that place Aug. 
 ^6, 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to ^4th Machine 
 Oun Training Co., at Camp Jolmson, Georgia. Discharged Feb. 
 II, 191Q, at Camp Johnson, Georgia. 
 
 SAXTON, George Robert. {-Ji Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Elizabeth R. Saxton, Sherburn, Minn. 
 T'.orn at ['cterson. Iowa, Aug. i, 1896. Resident of Sherburn. 
 Minn., when inducted. June 25, 1918. at Fairmont, Minn., as 
 private in infantry, Si. A. Assigned to Co. A, 344th Inf.. 
 86th niv., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Co. G, 311th 
 Inf., 78th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. }., Sept. 9. 1918. 
 arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 22, 1918. Returned to 
 U. S. May 22, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 2, 
 1919. 
 
 Feb. 26, 1918, as private in medical corps. X. A. .\ssigned to 
 313th Sanitary Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, la. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J.. .\ug. 24, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, l""ng- 
 land. Sept. 4, 1918. Returned to U. .S. July 8, 1919- Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, la., July 17, 19 19. 
 
 SCHENDEL, Leo August. (10) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Schendel, Fairmont, 
 Minn. 
 
 Horn at Mount Hope. Wis., April 10, 1S92. ^larried. Resident 
 of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place, Sept. 21, 1917, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 3:3th Field 
 Signal Uattalion, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, X. J., Aug. 17, 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 .Sept. 10, 1918. Engaged at Haute-Alsace. Returned to U. S., 
 May 30, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 11, 1919. 
 
 SCEARCY, Guy E. {?,) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mr>. Ceo. W. Scearcy, Aniboy, Minn. 
 
 Married. Born at Jasper County, Mo., April 25, 1897. Resident 
 of Truman, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 22. 
 1918, as private in engineers. Sent to Camp I'orrest, Ga., and 
 -assigned to r3th. Provisional Recruit Co. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge. lovva, Dec, 19 18. 
 
 SCHAEFER, George Herman. (4) Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henry Scbaefer, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Pleasant Piairie Twp., Martin County. March 25, 1892, 
 and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5. 
 1918, as private in infantry. .Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and 
 assigned to Co. 5, i6ist Depot Brigade. Discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111., Sept. 8, 1918, on account of hernia. 
 
 SCHALL, Fred. ( :. } Private. 
 
 Born in 1S95. Uesidcd at (iuckeen, Minn., when called to federal 
 service from National Guard, July 15, 1917, as private in infan- 
 try. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M. with Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div. 
 Transferred at Camp Cody. Returned safely. No further record. 
 
 SCHERER, Frank Anthony. (11) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Mary Scherer, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Chamberlain. S. D., April 28, 1895. Resident of Triumph, 
 Minn., when inducted at l'"airmont, Minn., b'eb. 26. igi8, as 
 lirivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 351st Inf., 88th Div., 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 48th Co.. 20th Eng. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., Alay ^2, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
 1-Vance, June 30, igi8. Returned to U- S., June 21, 1919, dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 28, 19T9. 
 
 SCHERER, George Valentine. (1:?) Private. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Mar\- Scherer. W elcmic. Minn. 
 Born at Chamberlain. S- D., Aug. 25, 1891. Married. Resident 
 of Welcome, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 
 26, 1918. as i>rivate in infantry, X. A. .:\ssigned to Co. M, 351st 
 Inf., 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. M, 
 1 :8th Inf.. 30th l^iv., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, X. J., May 6, 19 18, arriving at Glasgow, Scociand, 
 May 24. 1918. Engaged at Vpres, Somme, and Kemmil Hill, 
 (iassed Oct. 16, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 30, 19 19, 
 discharged April 11, 1919. 
 
 SCHARPF, John. (0) Sergeant. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Theodore Scharpf. :2'.»4 Harmon St., Brook- 
 lyn, N. V. 
 Born at I'.rookljii. X'. V., July 211, 1886. Served on Mexican 
 border 1916-17 with Co. E. 2nd Minn. Inf. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from Nati jual Guard at 
 that place, July 15, igi". as mess sergeant in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E, 136th inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, X. M. Trans- 
 ferred to Co. A, 59th Inf. J 4tli Div., at Hainmonville, France. 
 Embarktd from Hoboken. X. J., Oct. 13. 191S, arriving at Le- 
 Havre, b'rance, Oct. 26. 19 18. Acted as battalion interpreter 
 with Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. i\ug. i, 19 19, 
 -and discharged at Cam|i Dodge. Iowa, Aug. 8, igig. 
 
 SCHEFF, Carl Albert H. (7) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. F. \V. Scheff. Sherl.urn, 
 
 Minn. 
 Ijorn at Sherburn, Minn., Nov. 13, 1895. Resident of Sherbvirn, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, at 
 Fairmont, Minn., as private in infantry. X^. A. Assigned to Hq. 
 Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, ,S. C. Embarkea 
 from Newport Xews, \'a.. i\ug. 29, 19 18, arriving at IJrest, 
 France, Sept. 12. 1 9 1 8. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
 to U. S. June 26, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 
 3. 1919- 
 
 SCHEFF, George Henry. (S) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. John Schefif, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County, ^Nlarch 10, 1892. Em- 
 ployed at Fortuna, X. D,, when enlisted at Crosby, X. D., July 
 22, 19 1 7. as private in infantry, X. A. Assigned to 1st N. D. 
 In f. (. X ational Guard in federal service) , later Changed to Co. 
 E, 164th Inf., 4rst Div. Trained at Camp Greene, X. C, and 
 ■Camp Mills, N. \ . Transferred to Co. E, i i6th Eiigrs.. later 
 to Co. D, 107th Engrs., 32nd Div., in France. Embarked from 
 Hoboken. N. J., Dec. 16, 191 7, arriving at Liverpool, England. 
 Dec. 24, 19 1 7. Engaged at Aisne, Champaigne and Meuse-.\r- 
 gonne. Returned to U. S. May 18, 1919, discharged June i, 
 1919, at Camp Dodge, I owa. 
 
 SCHELMESKI, Tony J. (9) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Schelnieski, Fair- 
 mont, Minn. 
 
 Born June 10, 1894, at Lamont, 111. Resident of Silver Lake 
 Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 
 SCHIERKOLK, William Emil. (i;;i Private. Par^ 
 
 ents deceased. 
 Born -\pril 6, 1895, at Chicago, 111. Resident of Welcome, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., heb. 26, :9i8, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st Inf., 88th 
 Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 130th Inf., 
 33rd Div., at Camp Logan, Texas. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 X . J., May 17, 19 1 8. arriving at Brest, France, May 26, 1918. 
 Engaged in Meuse-Argonne offensive. Gassed while on outpost 
 Oct. 30. 1918. Returned to V. S., Dec. 30, 1918, and discharged 
 Feb. 3, 1919. at Camp Dodge. Iowa. 
 
 SCHLEMME, Louis Fred. {14) Private. Son of 
 Charles Schlemnie, Fairmont, Alinn. 
 
 r.nrn at Will County. 111., July 16, 1899. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Mankato, Minn.j May 6, 1918, as private 
 in coast artillery corps, regular army. Assigned to Battery A, 
 74th Artillery (railroad) and trained at Fts. Totten and Schuy- 
 ler, X. V. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J.. Sept. 23, 1918, 
 arriving at St. Xazaire, l-rance, Oct. 7, 1918. Returned to U. S., 
 Dec, 1918, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 9, 1919. 
 
 SCHLEMME, Walter H. (l.")) Private First Class. 
 
 Son iif Chas. Schlemnie. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Horn at W'ill County, 111., Sept. 5, 1894. Married. Resident 
 uf Rolling Green Twp., Mart hi County, when inducted at Fair- 
 mont, !Minn.. May 26, 19 18, as private in infantry. N. A. 
 Assigned to Co. D, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis. Wash. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at Le^ 
 Havre, France, July 21, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
 Argonne and Lys- Scheldt. Returned to U. S., April 2, 19 19, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919. 
 
 SCHLORFF, William Henry. (I6) Private. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Dora Schlorff, Ceylon. Minn. 
 
 r>oru at Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, June 7, 1890. Resident 
 of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 25, 
 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery A, 333rd 
 I'ield Artillery. 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, ill. Trained at 
 Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J., Sept. 
 15, 1918. arriving at Glasgow^ Scotland, Sept. 27, 1918. Returned 
 to U. S., Jan. 21, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. III., Jan. 
 20, 1019. 
 
 175 
 
SCHMIDT, Lester D. (l) Private First Class. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. B. Schmidt. Diinnell. Minn. 
 Eorn nt Lnkc Belt Twp.. Martin County, May 31, i8g8. Resi- 
 dent of Lake Fremont, Tup., Martin County, when enlisted at 
 Albert Lea, Minn., July 2, 1918, as private in ordnance corps, 
 N. A. Assigned to Ordnance Detachment at Camp Raritan. N. J. 
 Transferred to Quartermasters Corps Detachment at Aberdeen 
 Proving Grounds, Maryland. Was engaged in truck transpor- 
 tation betwecTi interior cities and Atlantic seaports. Discharged 
 June 3, iQiQ. 
 
 SCHMITT, Isadore Leo. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 an<l Mrs. W. P. Schniitt. formerly Ormsby, now 
 
 Comfrey, ^linn. 
 Born at Brown County, Minn., Jan. 9. 1889. Resident of Orms- 
 by, Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
 at FairmoTit. Minn., July 15. 1917. as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E, T36th Inf., 34th Div.. at Cam]) Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Hq. Co., 124th Field Artillery, 33rd Div. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, June 28, igrS, arriving in France 
 about July 15. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
 turned' to U. S., May 24, 1919. Discharged June 8, 1919. at 
 Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 port News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France. Sept. 
 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S., 
 June 26. 19 19. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 
 
 SCHULZ, John Henry. (9) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. August Schulz. Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born Sept. 7, 1896, at Sterling, 111. Married. Resident of Fair- 
 mont. Minn., when inducted at that place Oct. 25, 19 18, as 
 private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 388th Inf., 97th 
 Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Dec. 14, 1918. 
 
 SCHUMACHER, Oscar Henry. (10) Private First 
 
 Class. Son of Mrs. Henry Borchardt, Welcohie, 
 
 Minn. 
 Employed at Wheaton, Minn., when inducted at that place May 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 158th 
 Inf.. 40th Div., at Camp Kearney, Calif. Embarked from Camp 
 Mills. N. v., Aug. II. 1918, arriving at LeIIavre, France, Aug. 
 27. 1918. Returned to U. S. April 16, 1919. a'l^l discharged 
 April 29. 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 SCHOFIELD. George H. (?,) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Chas. Booz, WinnebaK". Minn. 
 Born at Nashville Twp.. Martin County, Sei)t. 3, 1896, and 
 resident thereof when enlisted at Mankato, Minn., Sept. 24. 
 19 1 7, as private in cavalry, regular army. Assigned to Troop 
 G. 5th Cavalry, 15th Div.. at Ft. Bliss, Texas, serving at that 
 place until discharge. Transferred to veterinary corps. Dis- 
 charged at I't. Bliss, June 12, 1919. 
 
 SCHROEDEL, John P. ( 4 1 Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 ami Mrs. Alatt SchrDedel. Sherhurn. Minn. 
 Born at Hinckley. 111., Oct. 27. 1889. Resident of Fox Lake 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 
 25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to C"o. M. 351st 
 Inf.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. B. 
 1 19th Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
 Moboken, N. J., May 11, 1918. arriving at Calais, France, May 
 29. igi8. Engaged at Ypres, Cambria and St. Ouentin. Wounded, 
 severely, bullet through lungs, Oct. 18, 1918, while volunteering 
 to bring in a wounded lieutenant from an exposed position. 
 Awarded Distinguished Service Cross for capturing 5 prisoners 
 and silencing two machine guns at Bellicourt. Sept. 29, 191 8. 
 Also awarded Croix du Guerre and other decorations by English 
 and Belgian governments. Returned to U. S., Dec. 16, 1918, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, Jan. 29, 1919, with permanent 
 disability from wounds. 
 
 SCHULTZ, Emil. ( -M Private. Parents deceased. 
 
 Born at Menominee. Wis., May 14, 1893. Resident of Welcome, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917. as private in infantry. Had 
 served previously with Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., on Mexican border 
 1916-17. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Co. B, 58th Inf., 4tli 
 Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving 
 at LeIIavre, France, Oct. 26, 1918. Returned to U. S., Aug. i, 
 19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 8, 19 19. 
 
 SCHULTZ, Fredrick William. (6) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and ilrs. John Schultz. Welcome. Minn. 
 Born at Martintown. 111., Jan. 21, 1894. Resident of Welcome. 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Sept. 5. 1918, as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to 
 4th Training Co., Machine Gun Training Center, Camp Hancock. 
 Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 9, 1919. 
 
 SCHULTZ, William. (7) Private First Class. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Schultz, Welcome, Minn. 
 
 Born April 16, 1896, at Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 
 
 1918. Assigned to Co. D, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, 
 Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 12, 1918. arriving 
 at LeIIavre, France, July 20. 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, 
 Meuse-Argonne and Lys Scheldt. Returned to U. S., April 2, 
 
 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919. 
 
 SCHULZ, Albert William. (S) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Airs. August Sclnilz. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Sterling, 111., April 2y, 1S90. Resident of Truman, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, as 
 private in infantry. .\. A. Assigned to Headquarters Co., 54th 
 Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadswortli, S. C. Embarked from New- 
 
 SCHWARTZ, Gustav Julius. (11) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Jnlins Schwartz, Truman, Minn. 
 Born at lilue Earth County, Minn., Aug. 29, 1894- Resident of 
 Truman. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 
 19 18, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A. 364th 
 Inf., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred to Co. A, same com- 
 mand. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 12, 1918, arriving 
 at LeHavre, France, July 20. 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel. 
 Meuse..\rgonne and Lvs-Sclieldt. Returned to U. S., March 
 u, igig. discharged at Cam|i Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 1919. 
 
 SCOTT, Christian. (l:.'l Corporal. Son of Peter 
 
 Scott, Fairmiint. .Minn, 
 liorn Nov. 2, 1881. at Uh|icining, Mich. Married, one child. 
 Resident of Truman, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 March 16 191S, as private in Ordnance Corps, regular army. 
 Assigned to 71st C. A. at Ft. Strong, Mass. Embarked from 
 Boston, Mass., Tulv 31. "QiS, arriving abroad Aug. 16. 1918. 
 Returned to U. S., Feb. 22, 1919, and discharged March ]8, 1919- 
 
 SCRIBNER, John E. (i:;) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 .Mrs. J. M. Scnlmcr, Comstocl<, Wis. 
 Born at Westford Twp.. Martin County. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place May 25, 1918, as pri\-ate 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. G, 364th Inf. 91st Div., 
 at Camp Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
 12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 18, igiS. Engaged 
 at Meuse-.Xrgonne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned to U. S., -April 
 2, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919. 
 
 SEIMS, Charles. (14) Corporal. Son of Henry 
 Seims, formerly of Ceylon, now of -\lberta, Can- 
 ada. 
 
 Born in 1896. Resident of Darfur, Minn., when called to federal 
 service from .National Guard at Fairmont. Minn., July 15, .1917. 
 as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M., and assigned 
 to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div. Embarked in Oct^, 1918- 
 Transferred in France to Co. D, 144th Inf., 3,6th Div. Returned 
 to U. S. in June, 19 19. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 June 16. 1919. 
 
 SENF, Fred Henry. {!.■)) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Henry Senf, Fairmont, Minn, 
 Born at Franklin County, Iowa, Nov. 18, 1893. Employed at 
 Oakes, N. D., when inducted at Ellendale, N. D.. .lune 23, 
 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 1, 352nd 
 Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Quebec, 
 Canada, Aug. 15. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 2, 
 1918, Returned to U. S. June i, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, June 14, 1919- 
 
 SENNE, William Henry. (16) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Geo. Senne, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Horn at Des Flames, 111., December 14, 1894. Resident of Roll- 
 ing Green Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fair- 
 mont, Minn., May 26, 1918, as private in infantry N. A. As- 
 signed to Co. A, 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, X. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at South- 
 ampton, England, July 19, 1918- Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
 Meuse-.-\rgonne. Gassed at \ ery, F'rance, Sept. 27, 191S. l<e- 
 turned to U. S., April i, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, April 19, 1919. 
 
 177 
 
SERLE, Esgar William. (1) First Lieutenant. Son 
 
 of Mrs. Agnes Serle, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn. Married. Served with Co. E, 2nd 
 Minn. Inf., on Mexican border 19 16- 17. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from .\ational Guard at 
 that place July 15, 19 17, as sergeant in infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Commis- 
 sioned on recommendation of regimental commander. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 19. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, 
 Nov. 3, 1 9 18. On detached service with Disbursing Quarter- 
 master at Paris, France, until May 25, 1919- Returned to U. S. 
 July 13, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 8, 1919- 
 
 SHERMAN, John C. ( 9 ) Private First Class. Son of 
 
 .Mrs. Abbie M. Graham, Monterey, Minn. 
 Born Sept. lo, 1892, at Welcome, Minn. Resident of Monterey, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, 
 June 28. 19 1 7, at Ft. Snelling, Miim., as private in artillery. 
 When federalized his command became Battery F, 151st Field 
 Artillery, 42nd Div. Trained at Ft. Snelling, Minn., and Ft. 
 Riley, Kansas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 16, 191 7. 
 arriving at St. Nazaire, France, (.Vt. 31, 1917. Engaged in all 
 actions of the 42nd Div., among wliich were Champaigne. St. 
 Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. April 26, 1919, 
 Qischarged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May lo, 1919. 
 
 SHAFFER, Deed Henry. ( .M Private First Class. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Shafifer, Ceylon. Minn. 
 Born March 4, i8g6, at Shelby County, Iowa. Resident of 
 Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25. 
 19 1 8, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 353rd 
 Inf., at Camp Dodge, Iowa, transferred in March, 1918, to 
 Battery F. 306th F. A., 77th Div., at Camp Upton, N. V. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J.. April 24. 1918, arriving at Brest. 
 France, May 2, 1918. Engaged at Eaccaral, Vesle, Oisne-Aisne, 
 and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. April 29, 1919. dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 18, 1919. 
 
 SHERMAN, Veder. (10) Horseshoer. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Chauncey B. Sherman, Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Born at Sherhurn, Minn., Nov. 27, 1887, resident of Ceylon, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Sept. 22. 1917. as pri- 
 vate in infantry, after having been rejected on physical examina- 
 tion in the volunteers. Sent to Camp Dodge. Iowa, and assigned 
 to Co. B, 338th Machine Gun Battalion, 88th Div. Transferred 
 to Camp Pike, Ark., and assigned to Co. C. 334th Machine Gun 
 Bajtalion, 87th Div. Transferred to Co. D, 335th M. G. Bn., 
 and again to -\uxilliary Remount at Camp Pike as horseshoer. 
 Discharged Feb. 11, 1919- 
 
 SHARP, David Charles. (3) Corporal. Son of H. C. 
 Sharp. Ormsby. Minn. 
 
 Born May 3, 1896, at Buttertield, Minn. Resident of Ormsby, 
 Minn., when inducted at I'airmont, Minn., May 2, 1918, as 
 Tjrivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D, 6th Supply Train, 
 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., July 14, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, July 26, 
 1918. Engaged at Giradmer Sector and Meuse-Argonne. Arrived 
 in U. S. June 22, 1919, discharged July 3, 1919. 
 
 SHEAMAN, Joseph Franklin. (4) Private. Son of 
 
 Samuel Sheaman. Granada, Minn. 
 Born June 7, 1896. at Luzerne County. Pa. Resident of Granada, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 26, 19 18. as 
 private in infantry, X. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111. Transferred 
 to Camp Hancock, Ga., and there assigned to 12th Provisional 
 Machine Gun Training Co. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Jan. 9, 1919. 
 
 SHEELY, LeRoy H. (5) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. B. l\ Sheely, Guckecn, ]Minn. 
 Born Nov. 29. 1893, at Rose Hill, Iowa. Employed in Kossuth 
 Co., Iowa, when inducted at Algona, Iowa, May 28, 19 18. as 
 private in artillery, N. A. .Assigned to Battery A, 337th Field 
 Artillery, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 17, 19 18, arriving at Liverpool, Eng., 
 Aug. 31, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 19, 1919. and discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 31, 1 9 1 9. 
 
 SHEELY, Fred Roscoe. (fi) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. B. F. Sheely, Gnckeen. Minn. 
 
 Born Oct. 17, 1895, at Rose Hill, Iowa. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at tliat place June 25, 19 18, as private 
 in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E, 332nd Field Artillery, 
 86th Div., at Camp Grant, III., and trained at Camp Robinson, 
 Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Sept. 16, 1918, arriving at 
 Liverpool, Eng., Sept. 28, 1918. Seven weeks illness with pneu- 
 monia. Returned to U. S. Feb. 16, 1919, and discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa. Feb. 28, 19 19. 
 
 SHERMAN, Chauncey C. (T) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Cliaiincey B. Sherman, Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Born at Sherhurn. Minn., July 17, 1890. Resident of Ceylon, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 19 18, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Headquarters Co., 364th 
 Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewig, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., July 12, 1918, arriving abroad July 18, 1918. Engaged 
 at St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Vpres-Lys. Returned to U. S. 
 March 31. 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 19, 1919. 
 
 SHERMAN, Edwin A. (8) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Abbie M. C.raham, Monterey, Minn. 
 Born at Manyaska Twp., Martin County. Oct. 2, 1887. Resident 
 of Trium|)h. Minn. Served in Battery B, ist Minn. Field 
 Artillery on Mexican border 1916-17. Called to federal service 
 from^ National Guard as private in artillery, June 28, 19 17, at 
 Ft. Snelling, Minn. Organization changed to Battery A, 151st 
 Field Artillery, 42nd Div. Transferred to Camp Mills, N. Y. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 18, 19 17, arriving at St. 
 Nazaire, France, Nov. i, 1917- Engaged at Alsace-Lorraine 
 front, Champaigne, Aisne-Marne offensive. St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
 Argonne and all minor battles of the 42nd Div. In hospital 
 three weeks for trench nephritis. Returned to U. S. April 26, 
 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 10, 1919. 
 
 SHOEMAKER, Charles Everett. (11) Private. Son 
 of Ml. and Mrs. H. J. Shoemaker, Sherburn. Minn. 
 Born at Crawfordsville, Ind., Dec. 6, 1895. Resident of Sher- 
 hurn, Minn., when inducted at Storm Lake, Iowa, July 25, 1918, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B. 316th Inf., 79th 
 Div., at Camp Gordon, Ga. Embarked from Hoboken, X. J.. 
 Aug. 30. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 1918. Re- 
 ceived three wounds and taken prisoner in Argonnes on Nov. 
 4, 1918. Held as prisoner until Dec. 1,1918. In hospital In 
 France five months and one month in U. S. as result of wounds. 
 Returned to U. S. April 29. 1919. discharged May 26, 1919. 
 So far as known only Martin County soldier taken prisoner. 
 
 SHOEMAKER, Edgar Ellsworth. (12) Private. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. B. H. Shoemaker. Huntley, Minn. 
 Born May 11, 1888, at Mercer County, Missouri. Resident of 
 Center Creek Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., lune 25, 1918, as a private in artillery, N. A. Sent to 
 Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Battery E. 332nd Field Ar- 
 tillery, 86th Div. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 17, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Sept. 
 29, 19 18, and in France a few days later. Returned to U. S. 
 1-eb. 15, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 28, 1919* 
 
 SHORT, Walter Alvah. (K.) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 .md Mrs. A. G. Shurt, (iranada, Minn. 
 Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, Sept. 6, 1893. 
 Resident of Granada, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Feb. 
 25, 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 352nd Field 
 Hospital Co., 31.1th Sanitary Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. 
 Iowa. Transferred to Co. F, 5jth Eng., at Camp Custer. Mich., 
 later to 25th Co., i6oth Depot Brigade, same place. Discharged 
 at Camp Custer, Mich., Nov. 27, 1918. 
 
 SHUMSKI, Joseph Valentine. (14) Private First 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Valentine Shumski, 
 Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn., March 9, 
 1892. Resident of Silver Lake Twp., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 ^linn.. Tulv 26. 1918, as private in infantry, i\. A. Assigned 
 to Hr|. Co., 34th Pioneer Inf.*. Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Em- 
 barked from Newport News, \'a.. Aug. 29. 1918. arriving at Brest, 
 France. Sept. 12, 19 18. In Meuse-Argonne offensive and Army 
 of Occupation. Returned to U. S. June 26, 1919. Discharged at 
 Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919- 
 
 SIEMENS, William John. {1.5) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. John C. Siemens, Guldtield. 
 Iowa. 
 
 Born March 7. 1888, at Douglas County, S. D. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 25, 1918. 
 as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. E. 341st Inf.. 
 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Base Hospital 
 at Camp Grant, 111., where he served until discharged at that 
 place April 11, 1919- 
 
 SIMMERING, Edward H. H. (16) Private. Soti of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Simmering, Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martiii County, May i, 1S94, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 1918, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 26th Co., 166th Depot 
 Brigade, Camp Lewis, Wash., and period of service spent at that 
 place. Discharged May 10, 1919. 
 
 179 
 
SIMMONS, Rollo E. (l) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 -Mrs. S. S. Simmons, Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Fairfield, Iowa, Jan. 8, 1896. Resident of Granada, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 1918. as 
 
 Brivate in infantry. N, A. Assigned m Co. M, 35Tst Inf.. 88th 
 'iv., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. L. i^gth inf., 
 3Sth Div., at Camp Mills, X. Y. Embarked from Hohoken, N. J., 
 April 24, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre. France, May 7. 1918. 
 Engaged at Wesserling Sector and .St. Mihiel. Uecame ill with 
 pnenmonia in last named operation and spent ten weeks in hos- 
 jtital. Returned to U. S. April :;4, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Grant. 111., May 2, 1919. 
 
 SIMON, Peter W. {2} Private First Class. Son of 
 
 Air. and Mrs. Julius Simon. Fairmont, Minn, 
 Eorn at Rolling Green Twp., Martin County. March 24, 1896. 
 Resident of Fairmont, when inducted at that place Jnne 15, 1918, 
 as pri^'ate in Tank Corps, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 304th Bn., 
 Tank Corps, at Camp Colt, Pa. Transferred in France to Co. 
 If, Motor Transport Corps. Embarked from New York Oct. 21, 
 1918. arriving at LeHavre. France, Nov. 12. 1918. Ueveloped her- 
 nia in line of duty and underwent operation therefor. Returned 
 to V. S. April 12, 1919. discharged at h't. Snelling, Minn.. June 
 24. 1919. 
 
 SIMPSON, Walter V. (H) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Wm. Simpson, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 6, 1893. Resident of Silver 
 Lake Twn., Martin County, wlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Feb. 25. 1918. as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. L, 
 351st Inf., S8th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from 
 Iloboken, X. J., .Aug. 15, 1918. arriving at Cherbourg, France, 
 .Sept. 6. 19 1 8. Engaged at Haute- Alsace. Returned to U. S. 
 May 31, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 6, 19 19. 
 
 SMITH, Clarence A. ('.)) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. George Smith, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at that place July 9, 1S91. and resident thereof when 
 enlisted at Mankato, Minn.. Julv 31, 1917, at Mankato, Minn., 
 as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. H. 136th Inf., at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Battery D, 123rd Field 
 Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked from Hohoken, N. J., June 28, 
 191S. arriving at LeHavre. France. July 10, 191S. "Engaged 
 at St. Mihiel and Mcuse-Argonne. Returned to tJ. S. May 24, 
 igrg, discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, June 8, 1919. 
 
 SMITH, Percy M. (10) Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. George Smith. Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Burn at I'airmont, Minn., Oct. 26, 1891. Employed at Rochester, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place June 24, 1918, as private in 
 infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 342nd Inf., 86th Division, 
 at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Medical Detachment 342nd 
 Inf.. at Camp Grant. Transferred in France to 31 ith Sanitary 
 Train, later to Cam]) Hospital No. 87, Chuerny, France. Em- 
 harked from New \ urk, Sept. S. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
 France, Sept. 28, 1918. Returned to LT. S. May 3, 1919, and 
 discharged May 21, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 SMITH, William H. (n) Private First Class. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. George Smith, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn. Minn., July 29, 1S93, ^"d resided there when 
 called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., 
 July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E. 136th 
 Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
 to Battery C, 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 191 8. arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 July 10, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Re- 
 turned to U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 June 8, 1919. 
 
 SISSON, Ralph William. (4) Cook. Son of ^Ir. 
 and Mrs. l'*rank Sisson. Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Burn at East Chain Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
 when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 35, 19 18, as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C. 341st Inf.. 86th Div., at 
 Camp Grant, III. Transferred on account of physical disability 
 to Co. .\. 6th Development Battalion, Camp Grant, 111. Ill with 
 pneumonia, followed by acute arthritis and paralysis of left leg. 
 Discharged for ilisability at Camp Grant, III.. Feb. 26. 1919. 
 
 SLATER, Earl Edgar. C) Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Carrie Slater, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born al Clranada. Minn., March 9. 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at that 
 place July 15, 1917. as corporal in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 
 1,36th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camt> Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
 France to Co. A, 144th Inf., 36th Div., later to Co. D, same 
 command. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 19 18, arriving 
 at Liverpool, England, Oct. 24, 1918. Returned to U. S. .Tune 
 6, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 16, 1919. 
 
 SNOW, Earl, (i:;) Private. Son of Mrs. Lizzie 
 
 Sii'iNv. Granada, Minn. 
 Corn at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, May 5, 1807, 3ud 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Oct. 22, 
 1918, as private in engineers, .N. .\. Assigned to 13th Provisional 
 Recruit Co., 2nd Battalion, Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 SOKOLOSKI, Stanley John. (\:;) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Sokoloski, Guckeen, Minn. 
 Born at Chicago, 111., -May 5. 1894. Resident of East Chain 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 
 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Transferred in 
 France to Co. F, iioth Inf., 28th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., July 7. 19:8, arriving at Liverpool, England, July 13, 
 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Invalided home on account 
 of illness. Returned to U. S. Feb. 28, 1919, discharged from 
 general hospital at Ft. Snelling, Minn., with disability March 
 28, 1919. 
 
 SLAUGHTER, Ira Preston, ((i) Cook First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. J. H. Shiugiiter, .-Vlplia, Minn. 
 
 Resident of Cedar Twp., Martin Counc^. Minn., when inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 26, 1918, as private in mlantry, N. A. 
 .\ssigned to Cooks and Bakers School, Cami) Grant, 111., later 
 to Camp Mills, L. I. Discharged March 30, 1919, at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 SMITH, Alfred Edward. (7) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Mary Ann Smith, London, England. 
 Born at London, Sept. 14, 1891. Resident of Granada, Minn., 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 26, 191S, as private 
 in field artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E, 332nd Field 
 .\rtillcry, 86th Div., at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from 
 Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 17, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 .Sept. 31, 1918. Returned to V. S. Feb. 15, 1919, and discharged 
 at Camp (irant. 111., March 12, 19:9. 
 
 SMITH, Charles E. (S) Wagoner. Son of Mi. and 
 
 Mr,s. Henry D. Smith, Monterey, Minn. 
 Born at Douglas County. 111., March 31, 1891. Resident of 
 Cedar Twp., Martin County, when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at St. Paul. Minn.. July 15, 191 7, as private 
 in infantry. Assigned to Supply Co.. 135th Inf., 34th Div.. at 
 Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. A, 120th Inf., 30th Div. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Le- 
 Havre, France, Oct. 27, 1918. Accidentally shot, severe, in face 
 Dec. 25, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 24, 1918, discharged 
 .\pril 25, 1919. at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 SOLVORN, Albert. (14) Private First Class. Son 
 
 (_.f .Mr. and Mrs. O. N. Solvern, Wautoma, Wis. 
 Born at Mt. Morris, Wis., Jan. 4. 1894. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at that 
 place Tuly 15, 1917. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to 
 Co. E; 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 to Supply Co., same command, and to Provisional Supply Co. 
 at American Embarkation Center in France. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. T.. Oct. 13. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, 
 Oct. 26, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 12, 1919, discharged at 
 Camp Cirant. 111., July 18, 1919. 
 
 SORENSEN, Alfred, (l.ij Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 ilr.s. Andrew Sorensen. Delevan, Alinn. 
 Born Aug. 7, 1896, at Faribault Countv. Minn. Married, two 
 children. Resident of Lake Belt Twp.. Martin County, when 
 inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. Tune 26. 1918, as private in in- 
 fantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co... 54th Pioneer Inf.. at Camp 
 Wadsw^orth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, \ a., Aug. 
 29, 1918, arriving at Brest. France. Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at 
 Mcuse-Argonne. Broken finger Oct. 30, 1918. Returned to 
 U. S. March 25, 1919, discharged 'at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 
 5. 1919- 
 
 SORENSEN, Carl M. CiM) Private. Born in 1895. 
 
 Resident of Tackson. Minn., when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at Fairmont. .Minn., July 15, 1917. as private in 
 infantry. Assigned to Co. E, :36th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. Transferred overseas in June, 1918. Returned 
 safely. No further record. 
 
 181 
 
SORENSEN, Franklin LeRoy. (1) Flying Cadet. 
 
 Son ul Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Sorensen, Madelia, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Big Lake. ^liiin.. Dec. 27, 1893. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard, July 
 15, 1917. Transferred to Battery C, 2nd Field Artillery, Minne- 
 sota National Guard. This unit was not called to federal service. 
 Enlisted at Fairmont, ^linn., Dec. 2g, 1917, as private in Avia- 
 tion Section, Signal Corps, regular army. Assigned to 820th 
 Aero Squadron. Kelly Field, Texas. Trained at Arcadia, 
 California, aviation field. Attending Central Officers Training 
 School at Camp Pike, Arkansas, when war ended. Discharged 
 Nov. 17, 1918. 
 
 SPEIER, Kaiser, c^) Private. Parents deceased. 
 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., Aug. 5. 1887. Employed at 
 Snohomish, Wash., when inducted at Ft.- Lawton, Wash., March 
 21. 1918, as a private in engineers. Sent to Ft. Leavenworth. 
 Kansas, and assigned to Co. C, 31st Engineers (railroad). Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., June 6, 1918. arriving at St. Na- 
 zaire, France, June 19, 1918. Admitted to hospital at Si. .\'azaire, 
 France, Nov. 11, igi8, and remained under treatment until 
 discharged. Had appendicitis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Re- 
 turned to U. S. April I, 1919. Discharged at U. S. General 
 Hospital, Ft. Bayard, N. M., Feb. 23, 1920. Degree of permanent 
 disability undetermined. 
 
 SPEIER, Stanley. (3) Second Lieutenant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Speier, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, Nov. 12, 1898. Resi- 
 dent of Fairmont, Minn., when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at that place July 15, 1917, as private in infan- 
 try. Assigned to Co. E, i36th*Inf., 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred to 4th Reserve Officers Training School at Camp 
 Cody and commissioned. Assigned to infantry replacement train- 
 ing center. Camp MacArthur. Texas, as instructor in infantry 
 tactics. Discharged at that place Jan. 4, 1919. 
 
 to U. S- April 2, 1919. discharged April 17. 1919. Contracted 
 tuberculosis in service and in government hospital until his 
 death, Feb. 22, 1920. Buried at East Chain. Minn. 
 
 STALK, William. (9) Private First Class. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Airs. Henry Stalk, Sherburn. Minn. 
 Corn at Belle Plaine, Iowa, March 18. 1S95. Resident of Jay 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, ]\Iinn., July 
 26, 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Headquarters 
 Co.. 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wads worth, S. C. Embarked 
 from Newport News, Va.. Aug. 29. 1918, arriving at Brest. 
 France. Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
 to U. S. June 26, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 
 3. 1919- 
 
 STEFANSKI, John Stanley. (10) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Stanislans Stefanski, Granada. Minn. 
 Horn .\ug. 21. 1S95. at East Chain Twp.. Martin County, Minn. 
 Resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 
 
 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. H, 136th 
 Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Camp 
 Cody Development Bn. account of pneumonia and empyema. In 
 hospital five montlis and ten days. Transferred to Co. A, 38Sth 
 Inf.. 97th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged Dec. 14, 
 
 1918, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 STEFANSKI, Joseph. (11) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Alar tin Stefanski, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Lamont, 111., March 17, 1896. Resident of Silver 
 Lake Tw;p., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn.. Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned 
 to Co. II, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 to Battery D, 133rd Ileavy Field Artillery, 33rd Div., in France. 
 I'-mbarked from Hoboken. N. J^ June 28, 1918, arriving at Le- 
 Havre. France, July 13, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne offensive. Returned to U. S. May 24, 1919, and dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jiuie 8, 19 19. 
 
 SPENCER, Michael J. (4) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. John C. Spencer. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Jan. 22. iSSS, at Rolling (Ireen Twp., Martin County, 
 Minn., and resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
 July 16, 1918, as jtrivate in general service, Duuwoody Institute. 
 Minneapolis, Minn. Transferred to Casual Co. F. Heavy Tank 
 Corps, for shop work at Camp Colt, Pa. Embarked from New 
 York, Oct. 26, 19 1 8, arriving at Cherbourg. France. Nov. 7, 
 1918. Returned to U. S., July 10, 19 19, and discharged July 
 16, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 SPERRY, Elmo G. ( :. ) Private. Son of Mrs. Alice 
 Scott, Trnman, Minn. 
 
 Born March 7, 1891. at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
 Employed at Forsytlie, Mont., when inducted at that place 
 Nov. 2, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Lo. 
 M, i6ist Inf., 41st Div. Transferred ni France to Co. M, 23rd 
 Inf., 2nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Dec. 11, 1917. 
 arriving at Brest, France, Dec, 27, 19 17. Engaged in attack 
 on \'oux, July i, 19 18; attack on \'ouxcastille, July 18, igi8. 
 Wounded severely by machine gun fire, right arm above elbow, 
 July 18, 1918. In hospital until May 13, 19 19. Returned to 
 U. S. Oct. 2, 1918, and discharged at Ft. DesMoines, Iowa, 
 May 13, i9'9- Rated 10 per cent disability. Later awarded 
 compensation for total disability. 
 
 SPERRY, Elno B. (6) Private. Son of Mrs. Alice 
 Scott, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born at Nasliville Twp., Martin County, Nov. 22, 1893. Resident 
 of Truman. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, June 25, 1918. 
 as private in infantry, N. .\. Assigned to Co. C, 343rd Inf., S6th 
 Div., at Camp Grant, III. Transferred in France to Co. C, iiitli 
 Inf., 28th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 12, 191S. 
 arriving at LeHavre, France. Sept. 20, 1918. Engaged at Thia- 
 court. Returned to U. S. April 25, igig, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, May 12, 19 19. 
 
 ST. JOHN, Ronald. (7) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. B. E. St. John, Jr., Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at that place Aug. 24, 1898, and resident thereof when 
 called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, July 
 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. Discharged on surgeon's 
 certificate of disability at Camp Cody, N. M., Uct, 27. 1917. 
 
 STACHOWIAK, Michael L. (S) Private. Son of 
 
 yir. and Mrs. Albert Stachowiak, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., Sept. 25, 1894, and resident 
 of East Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., July 26, 19 iS, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned 
 to Headquarters Co., 54th Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, 
 S. C. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 19 18, ar- 
 riving at Brest. France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne. Ill with pleurisy Jan. 22 to April 7, 19 ig. Returned 
 
 STEFANSKI, Mike. (12) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Martin Stefanski, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Lamont. III.. June 28, 188S. Resident of Silver Lake 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
 ^5, 1918. as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery E. 
 332nd Field Artillery. 86th L>iv., at Camp Grant. 111., and 
 trained at Camp Robinson. Wis. Transferred in Germany to 
 Co. I, 30th Inf., 3rd Div, Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 
 16, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Oct. 27, 1918. Returned 
 to V. S. Aug. 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 
 28, 1919. 
 
 STEINER, Frank Joseph. (13) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and iMrs. Jue Steiner, Winnebago, Minn. 
 
 Born at Jackson, Minn., March 19. 1897. Employed at Blue 
 Earth, Minn., when called from National Guard to federal 
 service at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 Transferred in France to 144th Inf., 36th Div., and served 
 successively in Cos. A, D and Hq. Embarked from Hoboken, N. 
 J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving abroad Oct. 26, 191S. Returned to 
 U. S. June 6. loiQ. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 16, 
 1919. 
 
 STELTER, Wilhelm. (14) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Mary Fcnrich, Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born Oct. 27. 1895, at Lake Belt Twp., Martin County, and resi- 
 dent of that place when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 
 19 18, as private in infantry. iN. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th 
 Pioneer Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from New- 
 port News, Va., Aug. 30, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 
 12, 1 918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
 June 26. 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 3, 1919. 
 
 STENSTRUM, Myron Stanford. (15) Mechanic. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Emil V. Stenstrum, Ceylon, 
 
 Alinn. 
 Born at Watertown, S. D., June lo, 1888. Resident of Ceylon, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. B, 338th Machine 
 Gun Bn., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Ma- 
 chine Gun Co., 326th Inf., 82nd Div., at Camp Gordon, Ga. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., April 24, 1918, arriving at Liver- 
 pool, England, May i, 1918. Engaged at Lagny Sector, Mar- 
 bache Sector, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne. Gassed in the Ar- 
 gonnes Oct. 11, 1918, in hospital i month. Returned to U. S. 
 i\Iarch 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., April 10, 1919. 
 
 STENSTRUM, Roy W. (16) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Emil V. Stenstrum, Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, May 26, 1893. 
 Resident of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Tune 15. 1918, as private in Tank Corps, N. A. Sent to Purdue 
 University. Lafayette, Inf., for training. Served at Camp Colt. 
 I'a.. and Camp Dix, N. J. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., Dec. 
 8, 1918. 
 
 183 
 
STEVENS, George L. ( l ) Chauffeur. Son of Chas. 
 
 C. Stevens, Fairnn mt, M inn. 
 Born at Poynette, Wis., May 24, 1809. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 8, 1918, aa 
 private in the aviation section, signal corps, N. A. Assigned to 
 ^87th Aero Squadron. Clianute Field, 111. Transferred to Kelly 
 Field, Texas. Discharged at Americus, Ga., March 28, 1919. 
 
 STEWART, Warren. (;i ) Private First Class. Par- 
 ents deceased. 
 
 Born at Jay Twp., Martin Comity. May 5, iSg,^, and resident 
 tliereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25. 19 18, as 
 private in artillery, N. A. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., and as- 
 signed to Headquarters Co., 332nd Field Artillery. 86th Div. 
 Trained at Camp Robinson. Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 X. J., Sept. IS, 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, Oct. 3. igi8. 
 Returned to U. S. Feb. 15, 19 19. Discharged at Camp Grant, 
 III., Feb. 28, 1919. 
 
 STINCHFIELD, Edwin Clair, cm Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Jack Stinclilicld. Trunian, Minn. 
 Horn at West ford Twp., Martin County. June 16. 1S99, and 
 resident thereof when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., March 8. 1918, 
 as private in Coast Artillery Corps, regular army. Assigned to 
 Battery B, 72nd Kegt. C. A. C. at Ft. Williams, Maine. Em- 
 barked from Montreal, Canada. Aug. 7, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, 
 France, Sept. 1, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 29, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp (.irant. 111., April 17, 1919. Re-enlisted 
 in regular army. 
 
 STOCKDILL, Donald S. ( 4 ) Private. Son of L. A. 
 
 O. Stockdill, Triumph, Minn. 
 
 Married. Resident of Triumph, Minn., when voluntarily in- 
 ducted at Fairmont. Minn., Aug. 8, 1918, as private in infantry, 
 N. A. Assigned to Co. D, loth Bn., replacement troops. Camp 
 MacArthur, Texas. Transferred to 22nd Co., replacement draft. 
 Co. C. Inf.. Candidates School Bn. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Sept. 21, 19 18, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Oct. 6, 
 191S. Returned to U. S. April 21, 1919. and discharged May 
 10, 1919. 
 
 STORM, John Charley. (5 1 Horseshoer. Son of 
 
 Jen^ Storm, Nakskov, Denmark, 
 Born at Denmark, Sept. 25, i8gi. Resident of Granada, Minn., 
 when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn.. April 29, 19 18. as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D, 349th Inf., 88th Div., 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Camp Travis, Texas, and 
 assigned to Co. D, 349th Machine Gun Ilattalion, goth Div. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 22, 19 iS, arriving at Brest, 
 France, v\ug. 4, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Returned to U. S. July 26, 1 9 ! 9, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Aug. 3, 1919- 
 
 STOWE, Franklin Kieth. (6) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 ami Mrs. K. A. Stowe, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 9, 1S92. Employed at Rochester, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place March 4, 19 18, as private 
 in signal corps, N. A. Assigned to Wilbur Wright Armourers 
 (Aerial Machine Gun Repair) at Dayton, (Jhio. Transferred in 
 France to 3rd Aerial Instruction Camp, later to iioSth Replace- 
 ment Squadron. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 22. 
 1918. arriving at Bordeaux, France, July 4, 1918. Returned to 
 U. S. April 28, 1 9 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 
 JO, 1919. 
 
 STROMBERG, Gustaf A. (9) Mechanic. Son of 
 Mrs. ('.. !•'. Stroniljeri?, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 7, 1895. and resident thereof 
 when inducted at Fairmont, June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, 
 N. A. Assigned to Co. K, 342nd Inf.. 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 
 III. Transferred in France to Co. F. 55th Inf., 7th Div. Sent 
 to hospital with spinal meningitis Dec. 23. 191 8. Still under 
 treatment at time of discharge with total disability. Returned 
 to U. S. April 14. 1919. discharged at Ft. Snelling. Minn., June 
 6, 1919. -Vwarded total disability after discharge. 
 
 STROMBERG, Ray F. (lo) Mess Sergeant. Parents 
 deceased. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Mi mi.. Sept. 29. 18S6. Married. Resident 
 of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 
 21, 191 7, as private in iniantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 
 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in 
 France to Co. F. solh Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. 
 N. J., Oct. 13. 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Nov. i. 191S. 
 With Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. i, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, Aug. 8, 19 19. 
 
 STRUBLE, Harry James. (11) Wagoner. Son of 
 
 John Struble, Cantril, Iowa, where he was born 
 
 Dec, 23, 1895. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place March 
 II, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to 7th Mining 
 Co. and trained at New Orleans and Jefferson Barracks. Trans- 
 ferred in France to Battery C, 54th Heavy Field Artillery (rail- 
 road) . later to Co. A, 53rd Ammunition Train, C. A. C. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, .\'. J., June 22, 191S. arriving at LeHavre, 
 France, July 9, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argoinie. 
 Returned to XJ. S. Jan. 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111.. 
 Feb. 6, 1919. 
 
 STRUCK, Christian Henry. (V.l) Sergeant First 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Chris Struck, Fair- 
 mont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., May 14, 1893. Married. Resi- 
 dent of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Sept. 21, 
 1917, as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 313th 
 Eng.. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. E, 
 3r2th Engrs., 87th Div.. at Camp Pike. Ark. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France. 
 Sept. 14. 1918. Returned to U. S. June 25, 19 19, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge. Iowa, July 3, 19 19. 
 
 STRUCK, WiUiam C. (Li) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
 A. B. Vonng, Eagle Grove, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Aberdeen. S. D. Married, one child. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., wheii inducted at that place June 25. 1918. 
 as private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 3 1 ith Am- 
 munition Train, 86tli Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 24, 1918, arriving abroad Oct. 7, 1918. 
 Accidentally lost sight 'of right eye in line of duty. Returned 
 to U. S. Jan. 28, 19 19. Discharged June 14, 1919, with per- 
 manent disability. 
 
 STUDER, Ralph P. (14) Private. Son of Mrs. Anna 
 M. Studer, Sherbiirn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Metamora, III., Dec. i, 1893. Resident of Elm Creek 
 Twp., Martin County, vvlien inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 
 25, 191S, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 
 388th Inf., 97th Div., Camp Cody, N. M. Discharged Dec. 14, 
 1918, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 ( 7 ) Private 
 
 V. .\. Stowe, 
 
 First 
 
 Fair- 
 
 STOWE, Kenneth Frederick. 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 mont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., July iS, iSgS. 
 
 Minn., when enlisted at Mnineapolis. 
 
 as private in Coast Artillery Corps, regular army. Assigned to 
 
 Co. C, 2jnd Inf., and trained at Washington, D. C, and Camp 
 
 !Morgan, N. J. Discharged at Camp Morgan, N. J., Feb. 3. 
 
 1919. 
 
 l*2mployed at Rochester, 
 Miint., April 18, 1918 
 
 STUM, James Gordon. (15) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 ^larj' H. .Stum, Li->ysville, Pa. 
 Born at Loysville, Fa., Feb. 11, 1892. Resided at Welcome. 
 Minn. Inducted at Bloonifield, Pa., by authority of the Martin 
 County, Minn., draft board on July 24, 191S. Sent to Camp Lee, 
 Va., tor training. Embarked from Newport, News, Va., Sept. 
 15, 1918, arriving at Brest, i'rance, Sept. 28, 1918. Assigned 
 in France lo 235th Prisoner of War Escort Co. Returned to 
 V. S. Oct. 15, 1919, discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., Oct. 21, 
 1919. 
 
 STRIEMER, Bruno P. (Sj Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Henry Striemer, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Elbing. Germany. May 30, 1896. Resident of Rolling 
 Clreen Twp., Martin County, wlien inducted at Fairmont, Mmn., 
 May 27, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 
 364th Inf., 91st Div., at Camp Lewis, Wash. Fmbarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., July 12, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 luly 24, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne and Lys- 
 Sch'eldt. Returned to U. S. April 2, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919. 
 
 STUM, William Russell. (16) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Fllen Stum, Loysville, Pa. 
 Born at Loysville, Pa.. June iS, 18SS. Employed at Eraser Twp,, 
 Martin County, when inducted April 30, 1918, at i-'airmont, Minn. 
 Assigned to Co. G, 145th Inf., 37th Div., at Camp Lee, \'a. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., June' 15, 191S, arriving at Brest, 
 France, lune 22, 19:8. Engaged at Baccarat Sector, Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne, St. Mihiel and Lys-Scheldt. Slightly gassed. Cited by 
 France and Belgium for gallantry in action. Returned to U. S. 
 March 27, 1919, discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 13, 1919. 
 
 185 
 
STURGEON, William R. ( I) Private. Son of ^Ir. 
 and Mrs. J. W. Sturgeon. Eureka, Kansas. 
 
 Born April lo. 1887, at Audrian Co., Mo. Married. Resided 
 at Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 15, 
 1918, as private in regular army. Assigned to University of 
 Minnesota for instruction as auto mechanic. Transferred to Co. 
 A, 326th Machine Gun Battalion, 84th Div., Camp Slierman, 
 Oliio. Embarked from Montreal, Canada, Sept. i, 1018. ^\r- 
 rived at Cherhourg, France, Oct. i, igiS. Served witli Army 
 of Occupation. Returned to U. S. July 5, igig. Discharged 
 July 15, 1919 at Camp Mitchell. Long Island. 
 
 STURM, John William. (:.> ) Private. Son of John 
 
 Sturm, Granada, Minn. 
 Piorn Feh. 9, 1896, at Lone (Jrove. 111. Resident of Granada, 
 ^linn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Sept. 5, igi8, as 
 private in infantry, .\. A. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., and trans- 
 ferred to training camp for machine gunners at Camp Hancock, 
 G3. Discharged Feb. 2S, 19 ig. 
 
 SUNDBERG, Fred. CD Private. Son of John Sund- 
 
 berg, J*'airniont. Minn. 
 F>orn at Silver Lake Twp.. Martin County, and resident thereof 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private 
 in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 344th Inf., 86th Div., 
 at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Camp Grant Develojiment 
 Battalion on account of phvsical imfimess for combat service. 
 Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 21, 1919. 
 
 SUTTER, Luke Jesse. (.4) Private. Son of ^Fr. 
 
 and Mrs. Frank Sutter, i''airmont, Minn. 
 Born at Pipestone. Minn., Dec. 8, 1897. Resident of Fairn'oni, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 that place July 15, 191 7. as private in infantry. Assigned to 
 Co. F. 136th Inf.. 34th Div., Cami) Cody, N. M. Transferred to 
 Co. D. 109th Supply Train, 34th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Oct. 17. 19 18, arriving at Southampton, England, Oct. 
 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 23, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Grant, III., July i, 19 19. 
 
 SVOBODA, George Welsey. (5) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. ;ind Mrs. Geo. Svoboda, Jackson, Minn. 
 
 Born at Jackson. Minn., Aug. iS, 1896. Resided at Jackson, 
 when called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
 Minn.. July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp 
 Cody, N. M., and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div. Trans- 
 ferred in F'rance to Co. B, 59th Inf., 4th Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 12, 19 18, arriving abroad Oct. 24, igiS. 
 Returned to U. S. Aug. i, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Aug. 9, 1919. 
 
 SWANSON, Claude Nimen. (G) Corporal. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. John A. Swanson, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born at Wcstford Twp., IMartin County, May 19, 1895. Employed 
 at St. Paul, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., April 29, 
 19 1 8, as private in infantry X. A. Assigned to Co. E, 31 3th 
 Supply Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred 
 to Co. A, 313th Military Police, 88th Div.. and again to Co. F, 
 313th Supply Train, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Transferred 
 in France to Motor Transport School No. r. Embarked from. 
 Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 Sept. II, 1918. Engaged at Haute-Alsace sector. Returned 
 to U. b. July 2, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 11. 
 1919. 
 
 SWANSON, Oliver Chester. {M) Private. Son of 
 ^Ir. and Mrs. Andrew Swanson, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont Twp., Martin County, Aug. 26, 1894. Married, 
 I child. Resident of Eraser Twp., Martin County, when inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 8, 1918, as private in infantry. N. A. 
 Assigned to Co. D. 13th Replacement Battalion, at Camp Mac- 
 Arthur. Texas. Transferred to Development Battalion, Camp 
 MacArthur. following severe illness with pneumonia. Discharged 
 at CaniT MacArthur, Dec. 5, 1918. 
 
 SWENBERG, Leonard Earnest. (10) Private First 
 Class. Sitn i)f Mr. and Mrs. Einil Swenberg, Dun- 
 nell. Minn. 
 
 Born at Des Moines, Iowa, Dec. 26. 1S95. Resident of East 
 Chain I'wp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 June 2S, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 
 344th Inf.. S6tli Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred to Co. 
 A, 318th Inf., 80th Div. Embarked from Newport News, Va., 
 Sept. 8, 1918. arriving at Liverpool, England, Sent. 21, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-.Xrgonne. Returned to U- S. May 27, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111., June 10, 1919. 
 
 SWENSON, Carl J. m) Sergeant. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 
 Born Aug. 30. 1883, at Rockford, 111. Resided at Alpha. Minn., 
 when called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, 
 Minn., July 15. T917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
 E. 136th Inf., 34tl> Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred 
 to the Quartermasters Corps at Large in France. Embarked from 
 Hoboken. N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, Oct. 
 28. 1918. Returned to U. S. July 12, 1919, discharged at Lamp 
 Dodge. Iowa, July 18, 1919. 
 
 SWENSON, Robert Axel. (V.l) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. John Swenson, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Cliicago. 111.. March 27, 1893. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Sent. 21. 1917. as private 
 in infantry. Assigned to Co. F, 159th inf., 40th Div., at Camp 
 Kearney. . Calif. Transferred in France to Military Police Co.. 
 -8ist Div., later to 7th .\rmy Coris Military Police. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. X. J.. Aug, S. 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France. 
 Aug. 2;, T918. Returned to V. S. June 22, 1919, discharged at 
 C am|> Grant. 111.. July 5. 1919. 
 
 SWEENEY, James Blaine, (i:;) Private. Parents 
 deceased. 
 
 Born at Rolling Green Twp.. Martin County, Nov. 5, 1S89. 
 Resident of Nashville Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
 Fairmont. Minn.. June 25, 1918, as private in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. B, 321st Inf.. 86th Div., at C_amp Grant, 111. Found phys- 
 ically disyualihed for overseas service and assigned to Camp 
 Grant Provost Guard Co. in which he served until discharged 
 at that ;>lace July 10, 1919. 
 
 SWIFT, Charles Henry. (14) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Swift, Dunnell, Minn. 
 Born at Alexandria, S. D., Sept. 7. 1893. Resident of Welcome, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Sept, 21, 1917, as private 
 in infantry. Assigned to Co. I, 136th Inf., 34.th Div., at Camp 
 Cody, N. M. 1 ransf erred to Headquarters Company. 123rd 
 Field Artillery, 33rd Div., in France. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 X. J.. June 28, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, June 12, 1918. 
 Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
 May 28, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 9, 1919. 
 
 SWANSON, Ernest. (T) Musician. 
 
 Born ni 1897- Resident of Blue Kartli, Minn., wdien called to 
 federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn.. July 
 15. ipi?) as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Codv, N. M., 
 and assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918. Transferred in France to 39th 
 Inf.. 4th Div. Returned to U. S. in August, 1919, and discharged 
 at Camp Dydge, Iowa, about Aug. 13, 19 19. 
 
 SWANSON. Grant Oscar. (8) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. K. O. Swanson, Elmore, Minn. 
 Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as jirivate in 
 infntry. N. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Co. 
 A, 344th Inf., 86th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
 9, 191S, arriving at Cherbourg, France, Sept. 25. 1918. Trans- 
 ferred Dec. 9, 1918, to Co. M, 310th Inf., 78th Div. Went to 
 hospital Oct. 31, 191 8, and remained under hospital care until 
 discharged. Returned to U. S. June 13, 1919. Discharged Jan. 
 26, IQ20, at Whipple barracks, Arizona, with disability undeter- 
 mined. 
 
 SWIFT, Robert Dean. (15) Cook. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Richard \V. Swift, Dunnell, Minn. 
 Born at Alexander, S. D., Aug. 22, 1889. Married. Employed 
 at Zumbrota, Minn., when inducted at Camp Grant, 111., June 
 2y, 1918, as iirivate in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 
 341st Inf.. 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 8, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 Oct. 4, 1918. " Returned to U. ■ S. May 30, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp iJodge, Iowa, June 12, 19 19. 
 
 SYVERSON. Severin. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Syver lSy\'erson. Monterey, Minn. 
 Born at Cedar Twii., Martin County. April 18, 1894, and resident 
 thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 19 18. as 
 private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Headquarters Company, 
 54th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from New- 
 port News. \'a., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 
 12, 1 918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. April 
 5, 1919, discharged April 21, 1919. 
 
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SZUBERSKI. Joseph Mike. (1) Private. Son of 
 
 Air. and Mrs. Steve Szuberski, Granada, Minn. 
 Born Feb. 1 5, 1 894, at Rockford, III. Resident of Pleasant 
 Prairie Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 June 25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 
 
 B, 333rd Field Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Grant. III. Trained 
 at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
 17, 1918, arriving at Lellavre, France. Oct. 2, 1918. Returned 
 to U. S. Jan. 3. 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Jan. 19, 
 1919. 
 
 TABER, Walter Allen. (2) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Geo. W. Taber, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at New Hampton. Iowa, Sept, 12, 1893. Resident of Gran- 
 ada, Minn., when inducted at Blue Earth, Minn., June 25, 1918, 
 as private in infantry, ^i. A. Assigned to Co. II. 3441(1 Inf., 
 86tli Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in France to Co. 
 
 C, 109th Machine Gun Battalion. 28 th Hi v. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 4, 191S, arriving at Cherbourg, France. 
 Sept. 27, 1 9 18. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Hurned with 
 mustard gas Nov. 2, 19 18. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Jan. Hi 19 1 9. 
 
 1918. arri\ ing at Lellavre, France, Oct. i, 1918. Returned to 
 U. S. July II, 1919, dischrged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 19, 
 1919. 
 
 TAYLOR, Leonard. (9) Corporal. Son of :\Ir. and 
 
 Mrs. James Taylor, Banchorf. Scotland. 
 Born at Strachan, Scotland, Aug. i, 1885. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted Nov. 26, 1917, at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., 
 as private in aviation section, signal corps, regular army. As- 
 signed to i6ist Aero Squadron at Kelly Field, Texas, Trans- 
 ferred to Mineola, L. I. Embarked from New York, Jan. 31. 
 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England. Feb. 16, 1918. Trained 
 in England until Aug. 31, 1918. Then went to France. Re- 
 turned to U. S. March 7, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, March 22, 19 19. 
 
 TAYLOR. Lowell J, (10) Private. 
 
 Born in 1H92, Resident of Welcome, Minn., wlicn called to 
 federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 15, 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf., 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred and sent overseas 
 in June, 1918. No further record. 
 
 TALLBERG, Earl Alfred. (3) Sergeant-major. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. G. A. Tallberg, Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Born at Chicago, 111., June 7, 1895. Previously served in Co. 
 E. 2iid Inf.. Minnesota Natitmal Guard. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks, Mo.. .-\ug. 13, 1917, 
 as private in aviation section, signal corps, regular army. As- 
 signed to 94th Aero Squadron at Kelly l-'icld, Texas, Trained 
 also at Mineola, L. 1., and Paris. France. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Oct. z-j, 191 7, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
 Nov. 10, 19 1 7. Engaged from March 5, 19 18 to armistice: 
 With French armies at Rheims sector, Toul Sector and Cham- 
 paigne-Marnc defensive ; Aisne-Marne, St. Milnel and Mcuse- 
 Argonne. Tlie 94th .Sciuadron was decorated with Croix du 
 Guerre with Palrii by hVencli Army. Returned to U. S. May 
 31, 19 19. discharged at Mitchell Field, L. I., June 24, 19 19. 
 
 TANHOFF, Philip Alkire. (4) Private. 
 
 Married. Bnrn at Sioux Rapids. Iowa, June 22. 1888. Resident of 
 Fox Lake. Minn., when inducted at I-'airinunt, Minn., Sept. 5, 
 igiS, as private in nifantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. H, Provi- 
 sional Group No. 2, Machine Gun Training Center, Camp Han- 
 cock, Ga. l^ischarged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 31, 1919. 
 
 TANNER, Harold H. (5) Second Lieutenant. Son 
 
 of Mr. antl Mrs. J. K. Tanner, l-'airniont, Minn., 
 Born at Fairniunt, Minn., Dec. 25, 1890. Married. Served in 
 Minnesota National Guard and with Co. E, 2nd Minn.. Inf., 
 on Mexican border in 1916-17. Resident of Fairmont when 
 called to federal service from National Guard at that place 
 July 15. 1917, as sergeant in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 
 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to 
 4th Reserve Officers Training School at Camp Cody, N. M., 
 and commissioned. Assigned to 4th Co. Recruit Replacements, 
 and the staff of Commanding Officer at Camp Shelby, Miss. Dis- 
 charged at tliat place Feb. 19, 19 19. 
 
 TANNER, Roscoe W. (li) Captain. Sun of Mrs. 
 
 Martha Tanner, Fairmont, ^linn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 17, 1893. Resident of Minne- 
 apolis, Minn., when enlisted at Ft. Snelling, Minn., May 14. 
 1917. as private in Reserve Officers Training School. Also 
 attended second R. O. T. C. at Ft. Snelling. Commissioned 
 Captain of Artillery Nov. zy , 19 17. Assigned to Bty. A, 341st 
 Field Artillery, 89th Div., at Camp Funston, Kansas. Embarked 
 from Boston, Mass., June 21, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre. I'rance, 
 July 6, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel. Returned to \5. S. May 24, 
 1919. Discharged in 1919. 
 
 TAYLOR, George G. (7) Private. 
 
 Born in 1897. Resided at Blue Earth, Minn., when called to 
 federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 
 15. '917. as private in intantry. Assigned to Co. E, J36th 
 
 Inf., 34tli Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to 109th 
 
 Field Signal Battalion, 34111 Div. Embarked in Sept., 191S and 
 served in A. E. F. No further record. 
 
 TENHOFF, Charles Jacob. (11) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Tenhoff, Fox Lake, Minn. 
 
 Born at Manyaska Twp.. Martin County. Jan. 30, 1894. Resident 
 of Welcome, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, ilinn., April 
 29, 191S. as private in medical corps, national army. Sent to 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to 350th Ambulance Co., 313th 
 Sanitary I rain. S8th Div. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Dec. 17, 1918. 
 
 TENHOFF, Marland James. (12) Corporal. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Tenhoff, Sherbnrn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Sherbnrn, Minn., March 25, 1894, and resident thereof 
 when enlisted at Ft. Snelling, Minn., Dec. 14. 1917. as a private 
 in the Ordnance Corps, regular army. Assigned to Mobile 
 Ordnance Repair unit of the 4th Div. Embarked frtun Hoboken, 
 N. J., May 22, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, May 30, 1918. 
 Engaged at Aisne-Marne Offensive, St. Mihiel and Meuse- 
 Argonne. Returned to U. S. Aug. 4, 1919, discharged Aug. 
 II, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 TENHOFF, William Walter. (13) Corporal. Son of 
 
 -Mr. and Airs. Jacob Tenhoff, Fox Lake, Minn. 
 Born at Plymouth County, Iowa, Feb. 12, 1892. Married. Em- 
 ployed .by the C. & N. W. Ky. as cond.uctor when enlisted at 
 Mason City, Iowa, May i, 1918, as private in engineers, N. A. 
 Assigned to Co. C, 53rd Engineers (railroad) at Camp Dix, N. J. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. I.. June 9, i9>8, arriving at Brest, 
 France, June 19. 19 18. Worked on French railroads in trans- 
 portation corps bringing up supplies to combat troops. Returned 
 to U. S. July 12, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 
 18, 1919. 
 
 THEOBALD, James Frederick. (14) Corporal. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Tlieobald, Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born at l-'airmont, Miini., April 14, 1895, and resident^ thereof 
 \v.hen called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont. 
 July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Co. M, 
 39th Inf., 4th Div., in France.' Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Oct. 2^^, 1918. 
 With Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 6, 1919. 
 discharged August 13, 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 THIEDE, Martin W. (15) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Martin B. Thiede, Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 27, 1S95, and resided there when 
 called to federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, July 
 '5. 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Codv. N. M. Transferred in France 
 to Co. A, 23rd Transportation Co., later to Co. B. 34th Trans. 
 Co. and to 29th Trans. Co. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Tune 27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 8, 1918. Re- 
 turned to Li. S. July 12, 1 9 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, July 18, 1919- 
 
 TAYLOR, Harry Stowe. (<sj Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. A. A. Taylor, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 27, 18S8. .Served previously 
 with National Guard of Minn, and with 2nd Minn. Inf. on 
 Mexica4i border in 1916-17. I'.miloyed at Rochester, Minn., when 
 called to federal service from National Guard at Rochester, 
 Minn., July 15, 1917. Assigned to Co. D, 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
 at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred to Headquarters Co., same 
 command. Transferred to 93rd Service Company, Army Service 
 Corps, in France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 17, 
 
 THIEMANN, Emil G. (16) First Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and .Mrs. Rudolph Thiemann, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at LaSalle, 111., Oct. 19, 1892. Served in Minnesota Na- 
 tional Guard and with Co. E, 2nd Minn.. Inf. on Mexican border 
 in 1916-17. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when called from 
 National Guard to federal service at that place July 15, 1917, 
 as sergeant in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf^ 34th 
 Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. Trasferred in Erance to Co. B, 
 59th Inf.. 4th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. .1., Oct. 13, 1918, 
 arriving at LeHavre, Erance, Oct. 26, 191S. Returned to U. S. 
 .\ug. I, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, .\ug. S, 1919. 
 
 189 
 
THIEMANN. Ginter Eric. (1) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. aiul Airs. Riulolph Thiemann. Kairniont, Minn. 
 I'lorn at LaSalle, 111., Aug. 27, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service at 
 that place July 15, 19 17. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. 
 E. 136th inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. X. M. In hospital 
 at Camp Cody, with imeiimonia and empyema, Feb. 4 to June 
 :2o, 1918. Transferred in France to Co. B. 54th Inf., 4th Div. 
 Embariced from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13. 1918, arriving at Liver- 
 pool, England. Oct. 24. 1918. With Army of Occupation. Re- 
 turned to U. S. Aug. I, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Aug. 8, 1919- 
 
 THOMAS, Evan Arthur. (2) Musician. Son of :Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. David Thomas, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., April 14, 1899, and resided when 
 inducted at St. Paul, Minn.. Oct. 2, 1918, as private in S. A. 
 T. C. Trained at Macalester College, St. Paul, Minn. Dis- 
 charged at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 12, 1918. 
 
 THOMSEN, Ralph D. (9) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Chris Thomsen. Fairmmit, Minn. 
 Born at P.uckley. 111.. Jan. 26, 1889. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at New Ulm, Minn., Feb. 23. 1918, as 
 private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery A, 339th Field 
 Artillery, 88th Div.. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 2i, 191 8, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
 Sept. 5, 1918. Returned to L. S. Jan. 25, 1919, discharged at 
 Camp ])odge, Iowa, Feb. 5. 1919- 
 
 TH YEN. Peter. (10) Sergeant First Class. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Herman Tliyen, W'avcrly, S. D. 
 P.orn at Waverly. S. D.. i)ec. 21. iSgi. Resident of Ceylon, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson liarracks. Mo., Nov. 26, 1917, 
 in the air service, X. A. Assigned to 93rd Aero Squadron, after 
 training with 15th Training Battalion and 167th Aero Squadron. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Tan. 31. 1918, arriving at Liver- 
 pool. England, Feb. 16, 191 8. Trained in England until Sept. 
 8, 19 1 8. Thereafter served in France. Returned to U. S. 
 March n. 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April. 1919. 
 
 THOMAS, Glenn William. (:^) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Harry Thomas, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Osgood, Indiana, Dec. 3. 1893. Resident of Welcome, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 25, 19 18. as 
 private in infantry, X. .A. Assigned to Co. M. 351st Inf., 88th 
 Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. F, 139th Inf., 
 35th Div., at Camp Mills, N. Y. Embarked from Hoboken, N. 
 J., .\nril 25, 1918. arriving at Liverpool, I'^ngland, May 9, 1918. 
 Engaged at St. Mihiel. Returned to U. S. May 6, 1919, dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 19, 19 19. 
 
 THOMPSON, Cecil E. ( l ) Private First Class. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. E. R. Thonipsr^n. I*"airmoiit, Minn. 
 Born Aug. i. 1895, Whiteside Co., 111. Resident of Fairmont 
 Twp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 21, 1 9 1 7. as private in in fan try. N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 M, 135th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trained at 
 Camp I)odge, and Cam;) Cody. Transferred to Base Hospital No. 
 29, A. E. I-"., London, England. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 July 4, 1918. .\rrived Liverpool, England, Ji'ly 18, 1918. Served 
 at American hospital in London. Blood poisoning in left arm 
 resulted in 15 per cent disability. Patient in hospital for six 
 months. Returned to U. S. Feb. 26, 1919, and discharged April 
 20, 1919. at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 TOBIN, John. (11) Corporal. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 J. M. Toliin. Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Mills County, Iowa, Oct. 7, 1891. Resident of Silver 
 Lake Twp., Martin Conntv. when called to federal service from 
 National Guard at Fairmont. Minn.. July 15. '91/. Assigned 
 to Co. E, i36lh InL. 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, X. M. Trans- 
 ferred to Co. V, 315th Supplv Irain, 90th Div., in France. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken. N. J., June 28, 191S. arriving at Liver- 
 pool. England. Inly 11, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel, Meuse- 
 Argonne and in Army of Occupation. Returned to U. S. June 
 9, 1919, discharged at Camji L.rant, 111., Jnne 17. 1919- 
 
 TOLZMAN, Alfred. (12) Cook. 
 
 Born in 1896. Resident of Minnesota Lake, :Minn. Served with 
 Co. E, 2nd Minn. Inf., on Mexican border in 1916-17. Called to 
 federal service from .\ational Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 
 1917. as cook in infantrv. Sent to Camp Cody. N. M., and as- 
 signed to Co. E. 136th Inf. Embarked m Oct.. 1918. Trans- 
 ferred to another command in France. Returned about June, 
 19 iQ. No further record. 
 
 THOMPSON, Glen James. ( .') ) Cook. Son of Mrs. 
 Ella i\. Ill limp son, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born at West ford Twp., Martin County, Oct. 10, 1892, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 
 1918, as private in the Motor Transport Corps, N. A. Assigned 
 to Unit 306 at Camp Hoiabirdj Maryland. Transferred to Co. 
 A, Unit 329. Motor Transport Corps, at Camp Holabird. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 17, 19 19. 
 
 TRAETOW, William Christian, (i:^) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mr.^. W'm. Traetow, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Waverly, Iowa, June 11, 1895. Resident of Tenhassen, 
 Martin Conntv, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn,, Sept. 5, 1918, 
 as private in 'infantrv. N. A Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and as- 
 signed to 5th Co., lOist Depot Brigade. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa. Jan. 9, 1919- 
 
 THOMPSON Palmer M. (6) Private. 
 
 Burn ill 1S94. Resident of Windom, Minn., wlicn called to 
 federal service from National Guard at rainnont, Minn.. July 
 15, 1917. as a private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, ij6th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp' Cody, X. M. Transferred and sent 
 overseas in June, igi8. No further record. 
 
 TRAVIS, Charley Claud. (14) Private. Son of Or- 
 
 ville Tra\is. Spickard, Mo. 
 Born at Milgrove. Mo., l"eb. 22, 1896. Resident of C.alena Twp., 
 Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 
 1918, as private in engineers, N. .\. Assigned to 13th Provi- 
 sional Recruit Co., at Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, la., Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 THOMSEN, Edward. (7.) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Chris Thomsen. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn., Feb., l8g6. Served with Co. E, 2nd 
 Alinn. Inf., on Mexican border in 1916-17. Resident of Fairmont, 
 when called to federal service from National Guard at that jilace 
 on July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. On medical examination 
 was found to be suffering from physical disability incurred in 
 border service and discharged therefor at F'airmont, July 27, 
 1917. 
 
 TRICKER, Arthur. (l.M Sergeant. Son of William 
 
 and Elizabeth Tricker, Woodbridge, England. 
 Born at Buckingham, England, April 22. 1893. Married. Served 
 two years in the English army. Resident of Monterey, Minn., 
 when inducted at Camp Grant. 111.. July i, 1918. as private in 
 infantry, .\. A. Assigned to Camp E.xchange Detachment at 
 Camp Grant, and served in that capacity until discharged at 
 that place April 15. 1919. 
 
 THOMSEN, Leon C. (S) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Chris Thomsen, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Burn at tiillman. 111., Dec. 21, 1891. Employed at Lime Springs, 
 Iowa, when inducted at Cresco, Iowa, July 26, 1918, as private 
 in infantry, N. \. Assigned to Co. E, 5th Infantry Replace- 
 ment Regiment at Camp Gordon, Ga. Transferred in France to 
 Co. C, 302nd Machine Gun Battalion, 76th Div., later to Co. 
 E, 347th Machine Gun Battalion, 91st Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 14, 1918, arriving at Brest. France, Sept. 
 28, 1918. Engaged at Vpres-Lys offensive. Returned to U. S. 
 April 21, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 7, 1919. 
 
 TRUE, Harry L. (\fi) Private. Son of Air. and Mrs. 
 
 Byron L. True, Granada, Minn. 
 Born lune 12, 1893, at Center Creek Twp.. Martin County. 
 Kesideiit of Granada, Minn., when enlisted Dec. 11, ^1917. 
 at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., as private in aviation section, Signal 
 Corps. Trained at Camp Grant, 111., and Kelly I'leld, Texas, 
 as a casual of the ist Brigade of Aviation. Discharged on 
 surgeon's certificate of disability at Kelly Field. Texas, May 
 21, 1918. 
 
 191 
 
^ ^ l^i 
 
TRUE, John P. ( l) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Chas. M. True, Fairmont. Mont. 
 Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, Dec. 7, 1896. Resident 
 of Fairmont when inducted at that place Oct. 22. 1918, as private 
 in engineers. Assigned to 13th Provisional Recruit Co., Camp 
 Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 6, 1919- 
 
 TSANTIOTIES. Athanasois (Tom Chantos) Known 
 in the U. S. by the hitter name. Private (2) Son 
 of John Tsantioties, Zaverda, Vanistsis, Greece, 
 
 Born Zaverda, Vanistsis. Greece, Feb. 27, 1892. Resident of 
 Fox Lake, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 26, 
 1918, as private in infantry, A'. A. Assigned to Co. F, 159th 
 Inf.. 40th Div.. at Camp Kearney, Calif. Transferred in France 
 to Co. D, 126th Inf., 32nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. 
 J., Aug. 6. 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Aug. 20, 1918- 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Wounded, both legs and right 
 hand with shrapnel, Oct. 19, 1918. In hospital three months. 
 Returned to U. S. Feb. 14, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 
 111., Marcli I. 1919. 
 
 TYLER, James E. (3) Parents deceased. 
 Born Aug. 13, 1892, at Chicago, 111. Resident of Welcome, 
 Minn., when called to federal service from National Guard 
 at Fairmont, Minn., July 15. 1917, as private in infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. L, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred in France to 26 1 st Jlilitary Police Co. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng- 
 land, Oct. 24, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 20, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Uodge, Iowa, July 30, 1919. 
 
 TYLER, Lloyd John. (4) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John Tyler, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at Mason City, la., Aug. 29, 1S95. Employed at Buffalo 
 Center, Iowa, when enlisted at Mason City, Iowa, Jan. 14, 1918. 
 as private in Coast Artillery Corps, regular army. Sent to 
 Ft. Crockett, Galveston, Texas, and assigned to 75th Co. C. A. C. 
 Transferred in F'rance to Battery F, 75th Art. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 5, 191S, arriving at Brest, France, Qci. 
 19, 1918. Returned to V- S. March 13, 19 19, discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, March 24, 1919. 
 
 UTTER, Bror Adolph. (5) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Gust Utter, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born March 13, 1889 at Chicago, III. Married July 23, 1918. 
 Resident when called to service, Triumph, Minn. Inducted at 
 Fairmont. Minn., July 26, 19 18, as private in Coast Artillery 
 Corps. Assigned to Co. A, 5th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, 
 S. C. Transferred to Co. D, 3rd Corps Artillery Park. Em- 
 barked from Newport News, \'a., Aug. 28, 191S. Arrived at 
 LeHavre, France, Sept. 18, 191S. Five weeks in hospital with 
 pneumonia. Arrived in U. S. March 26, 1919. Discharged April 
 15, 19191 at Camp Dodge, 
 
 UTTER, Gustaf Walfrid. (6) Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Sttn ot Mr. and Mrs. Gust Utter. Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Born Sept. 17, 1S86. at Chicago, 111. Resident of St. Paul, 
 Minn., when entered service. Had previous National Guard 
 service. Enlisted at Chicago, 111.. May 28, 1917, as 2nd Lt. 
 in Veterinary Corps. Trained at Camp Greene, S. C, and 
 Camp Mills, N. Y. Assigned to 148th Field Artillery, 41st 
 Division. Transferred to ist Sanitary Train, Chepoix, France. 
 Transferred to 7th F. A., 1st Div. Transferred to 6th F. A. 
 1st Div. Embarked from Newport News, Va., April 6, 1918. 
 Arrived at Brest, Frafice, April 14, 19 18. Engaged against the 
 enemy at Cantigny. Montedidier-Noyou defensive. Soissons, St, 
 Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. July 17, 1919. Dis- 
 charged Aug. 5, 1919, at Camp Di,x, N. J. 
 
 VOLTMER, William. (T) Corporal. Son of Wm. 
 
 Voltmer, Foley, Minn. 
 Born at Lowell, Iiid., .\iig. jK, 1893. Resident of Rutland Twp., 
 Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, ^Unn., as private 
 in infantry. Sent to Camp Uodge, Iowa, from there to Camp 
 Cody, N. M., where he was assigned to Co. K, 136th Inf., 34th 
 Div. In hospital 14 weeks. Transferred Dec. 4, 19 18, to Ft. 
 Wingate, N. M. and assigned to Ordnance Co. No. 2. Discharged 
 at F't. Wnigate May 7, 19:9. 
 
 VOOSEN, Carl Lincoln. (8) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and jNIrs. Herman J. Voosen, Fairmont, 
 • Minn. 
 
 Born at Peru. 111., .\pril 14, 1896. Resident of Fraser Twp., 
 Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 25. 1918, 
 as private in infantry. N. A. -Assigned to Sanitary Squad No. 
 70, 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Aug. 23, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, lingland, Sept. 4, 
 1918. On duty at St. Sulpice France, Aug. 10, 1918 to Sept. 
 16, 1919. Returned to U. S. Sept. 26, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dix, N. J., Oct. 8, 1919. 
 
 VOOSEN, Fred Christ. (9) Electrician Sergeant 
 First Class. Son of Air. and Mrs. Herman J Voos- 
 en, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Nov. 6, 1891, at Peru, III. Married. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 30, 191 5. as 
 private in coast artillery, regular army. Assigned to I36tli Co.. 
 Coast Defense, at Sandy Hook, N. J. Transferred to Enlisted 
 Specialists School, at Ft. Monroe, Va. Later to Hq. Co., 3rd 
 Bn., 74th Regt., railroad artillery. Embarked from Hoboken. 
 X. J., ^ept. 23, 1918, arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Oct. 6. 
 1918. Went into action at Toul Sector, Oct. 20, 1918. Engaged 
 in maintaining telephone lines between Toul and liatteries at 
 the front. Returned to U. S. Dec. 22, 1918. Furloughed to 
 reserve, April, 1920. 
 
 VOOSEN, Walter Herman. (10) Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mr. and !Mr.s. Herman J. Voosen, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Resident of Fraser Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at 
 Sioux City. Iowa. June 15. 1918, as private in motor transport 
 corps, N. A. Assigned to Motor Supply Train No. 429 at Ames, 
 Iowa, for training. Transferred to Motor Supply Train at 
 Detroit. Mich., later to Co. 555. Motor Transport Corps, New 
 York City. Re-enlisted in the regular army and still in the 
 service, June, 1920. 
 
 WALLERSTEDT, Carl Herman, (in Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Gust E. W'allerstedt. Des Moines, 
 Iowa. 
 
 Born at Des Moines Iowa, Nov. 21, 189S. Resident of Lake 
 Fremont Iwp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., .Vpril 29. 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .'\ssigned 
 to 350th .\mbulance Co.. 3i.nh Sanitary Train, 88th Div.. Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 17, 1918, 
 arriving at Liverpool, England, Aug. 31, 1918. Engaged at 
 Haute-.Msace sector. Returned to U. S. June 4, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 15, 1919. 
 
 WALKER, William Christopher. (12) Sergeant. Son 
 
 uf Mr. and .Mrs. Joshua Walker. .Mt. Olive. 111. 
 Born at .Mt. Olive, 111.. .-\ug. 24, 1893. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at that place June 25. 1918. as private 
 In artillery, N. A. .Assigned to Co. E. 3nth .Ammunition Train, 
 86th Div., at Camp Grant, ill. Transferred in France to 269th 
 Prisoner of War Escort Co. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Sept. 25. 1918, arriving at Liverpool. England. Oct. 7. 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. Oct. 28, 19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Nov. 4, 1919. 
 
 WATSON, Noble D. (13) First Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Belle Watson, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Fraser Twp,, Martin County, Nov. 11. 1882. Employed 
 at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, when enlisted at Chicago, Dec. 14. 1917. 
 as sergeant (train dispatcher) in signal corps, regular army. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 416th Railway Telegraph Battalion at 
 Chicago. Attached to 2nd Army in France. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. L, March 4, 1918, arriving at Bordeaux. March 
 21, 1918. With troops at Chateau Thierry and slightly gassed. 
 .Also served as military train dispatcher. Returned to U. S. 
 .March 24, 1919, discharged at Newport News, Va.. March 28, 
 1919. 
 
 WEERTS, Arnold. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Herman Weerts, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Butler County. Iowa, Nov. 8. 1894. Resident of Fair- 
 mont, Minn., when inducted at that place. Sept. 21. 1917. as 
 private in infantry, N. .A. .Assigned to Co. K. 136th Inf., 34th 
 Div., Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to Camp Cody Develop- 
 ment Battalion on account of physical disability due to pneu- 
 monia and empyema. Discharged at Camp Cody on surgeon s 
 certificate of disability Sept. 23, 1918. 
 
 WELLCOME, Carl, (i:,) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John Wellcome, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., Jan. 5, 1S91. Resided at Sher- 
 burn, Minn., when inducted at F'airmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 343i"d In'-. 
 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Transferred in France to Co. 
 K, 167th Inf.. 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken,^ N. J., 
 Sept 14. 1918. arriving at Southampton, England, Sept. 21, 
 1918. In hospital at Paignton, England, with influenza. Re- 
 turned to U. S. April 25, 1919. discharged May 9, 1919. 
 
 WENBERG, Clarence. (16) Cook. Son of Mr. and 
 
 }drs. iVng.' Wenberg, Bunnell, Wmn. 
 Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, Dec. 9, 1893. Resi- 
 dent of Dunnell, Minn., when mducted at Fairmont, June 25. 
 1918. as nrivate in infantry, N. .A. Assigned to Co. K, 342nd 
 Inf 86th Div., at Camp Grant, III. Transferred to Develop- 
 ment Battalion No. 9 at Camp Grant, 111. Discharged Dec. 31, 
 1918, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 193 
 
WENDT. Emil A. (1) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs, Robert Wendt, Truman. ]Minn. 
 Born in Waverly Twp., Martin County, in 1897, and resident 
 thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5. 1918. Sent 
 to Camp Grant, 111., and discharged for physical disqualifications 
 p -on Sept. 8, 1918. 
 
 WERNSMAN, Joseph Fredrick. (2) Private. Son 
 
 I >i M V. and Mr^. I'rcd W'ernsman. Weston. III. 
 
 Born at Fairbury. III.. Feb. 16, i8go. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 25, 1918, as private in 
 infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st Inf., 88th Div., at 
 Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Co. E, 131st Inf., 33 rd 
 Div., at Camp Logan. Texas. Fmbarkcd from Hoboken, N, J., 
 May 22, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, May 30. 1918. Engaged 
 at Somme. Bois-de- Forges. Chamme, Vaden Line, Albert and 
 Afeuse-Argonne. Wounded in Argonnes Oct. 10. 1918. In hos- 
 pital until Dec. 27. igi8. Returned to U. S. May 22, 1919. dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June i, 19 19. 
 
 WEST. Arthur Harold. (?,) Private. Son of J. E. 
 
 \\ est, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, July 5, 1897. Em- 
 ployed at Watertown, S. D. when enlisted at that place Sept. 18, 
 1918, as private in S. A. T. C. Trained at University at \'er- 
 million, S. D. and discharged at that place Dec. 14, 1918. 
 
 WHITE, Frank Forrest. (4) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Mary ^I. White, Sherl^urn, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn.. Jan. 9. 1805, and resided there when in- 
 <lucted at Fairmont. i\!inn.. Sept. 5. 1918, as private in infantry, 
 N. A. Sent to Camp (!rant, 111., and assigned to Co. A. Replace- 
 ment and Training Center, Camp MacArthur, Texas. Discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, fowa, !March 4, 19 19. 
 
 WHITED, Fred. (:>) Private. Son of John E. Wlii- 
 
 ted, Geneva, Neb. 
 Born in 1888. Was employed at Ceylon, Minn. Married just 
 X»rior to departure for army. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Jvut: 
 2S, 1918, and sent to Camp Grant, 111., where he was assigned 
 to the 86th Div. Went overseas in Sept., 1918. Returned in 
 1919. Xo further record. 
 
 WIEBE, Arthur G. (6) Ordnance Sergeant. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Kniily W'iebe, Fairmont, Alinii. 
 Born at Arlington Heights, ill., Nov. 25, 1892. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place April 6, 1918, as 
 private in artillery, N. A. Trained at University of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. Transferred to Ordnance Detachment at Camp Jackson, 
 S. C. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 20, 1919. 
 
 WIERSCHKE, Herman A. (7) Private. Son of Er- 
 nest W'ierschUe. Napoleon, N. D. 
 
 Born at Brown County, Wis., ]May 10, 18S0. Resident of Lake- 
 field, Minn., wlien called to federal service from National Guard 
 at Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. ^s private ni infantry. As- 
 signed to Co. E, 136th Inf., 34th Div.. at Camp Cody, N. M. 
 Transferred to Supply Company, same command. Transferred 
 in France to Co. D. i8th Inf., 1st Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., June 27, 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, July 16, 1918. 
 Engaged at St. Miliiel and Meuse-Argonne. Shrapnel wound 
 left hand Oct. 10, 1918. Returned to U. S. April 2, 1919. 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 21, 1919- 
 
 WILKINSON, Earl B. ( s ) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Stella Wilkinson, Truman, Minn. 
 Born at Westford Twp., Martin County, Oct. 
 
 at v\ est I or u 1 wp., ^\iarini »_ouniy, wci. ^^, loyo. Resident 
 thereof when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn., June 5, 1918, aa 
 
 tnereor wiien eniisrea at .\ioert i-ea, iviinn., june 5, 1910, aa 
 private in <Juartermaster Coips, regular army. Sent to Jefferson 
 Barracks, Mo., for assignment. Assigned to Reclamation Depot 
 at Camp Meade, Maryland. Transferred to 6th Co., Q, M. C. at 
 Camp Meigs, Wash., later to 335th Mobile Laundry Unit, Camp 
 Meigs, and Camp Stewart. Discharged at A'ational Soldiers 
 Home, Hampton, Va., April 8, i9i9' 
 
 WILLETTE, Claude O. (0) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 :\lrs. David W'ilk-tte, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, Nov. 24, 1894. 
 Married. Resided at Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted Sept. 18, 
 19 1 S. Sent to Dun woody Institute, ^linneapolis, for training, 
 but discharged on account of physical disqualification. 
 
 WILLETTE, David Orville. (lO) Sergeant. Son oi 
 Mr. and Mrs. David Willette, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie 1 wp., Martin County, May 2, 1 8q6. 
 Resident of Fairmont, when enlisted at Camp Grant, 111.. Oct. 
 I. 1917, as private in the quartermaster corps, N. A., for truck 
 driver. Assigned to Motor Truck Co. 345, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 Transferred to Motor Transport Co. 743 at same station. In 
 service for entire enlistment at Camp Grant, 111. Discharged 
 at that place ^lay 3, 1919. 
 
 WILLETTE. John Vincent. Ill) Master Electrician. 
 
 Srin i.f Mr. and Mrs. David Willette, l-'airmont. 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at l-'airmunt, Minn., antl resident thereof when enlisted 
 at Albert Lea, Minn., Aug. 27, 1917, as private in Aviation 
 .Section, Sipnal t orps, regular army. Assigned to 126th Aero 
 Squadron, Kelly Field, Texas. Transferred to Balloon Division, 
 Air Service, at Ft. Omaha, Neb. Assigned later to i8th Balloon 
 Co. at same place. Embarked from Newport News, Va., Oct. 
 20. 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Nov. 3, 1918. Returned to 
 U. S. May 3. 1919, discharged May 20, 1919. 
 
 WILLMERT. Orthwin Rudolph. (12) Corporal. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. \V. F. Willniert, Blue Earth, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Faribault County. Mitni.. Nov. 14, iSoS- Resident of 
 Blue Farth, Minn., when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at l-'airmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf..' 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. 
 Transferred in France to Co. I. 39th Inf.. 4th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken. X. J., in Oct., 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng- 
 Ind, Oct. 24, 1918. Returned to V. S. Aug. 6, 1919, discharged 
 at Caniji Dodge, Iowa, Aug. 13, 1919. 
 
 WINKLEMAN, Herman John. (i::i Private. Son 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Richard Winklenian, Ormsby. 
 ^linn. 
 Born Oct. 13. 1803, at Hanover, Germany. Resident of Ormsby, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 1917- as 
 private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. H, 136th Inf., 34th 
 Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France to Supply 
 Co., 123rd Field .\rtillery. 33rd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., June 28, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, July 10, 
 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to 
 U. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 
 1919. 
 
 WINN, Lon Harrison. (14) Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Amanda Winn. Kansas City, Kansas. 
 Born inly 21. 1893. at Linwood, Kansas. Resident of Granada. 
 Minn..' when called to federal service from National Guard at 
 Fairmont, Minn., luly 15, 1917. as private in infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. E, 136th int., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Trans- 
 ferred in iM-ance to Batterv E. 123rd Field Artillery, 33rd Div. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 28, 1918, arrivmg at 
 Liverpool. England. July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 24, 1919. discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 8, 1919- 
 
 WINZENBURG. Charles Peabody. (15) Sergeant. 
 
 Son (it ALrs. Mande II. \VinzcnI)ur,i]^, C^.ranada, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, Jan. 22, 1894. Resi- 
 dent of Granada, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 July 12, 19 1 7. as private in medical corps, regular army. Trained 
 at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Ind. Assigned to Camp Hospital 
 No. 33 at Brest, France. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Dec. 3, 191 7, arriving at Brest, Dec. 19. 1917- Engaged at 
 Verdun sector March 15, 1918. Was first man drawn in Martin 
 County selective draft but had already enlisted. Returned to 
 U. S. Feb. 12, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111., March 13, 
 1919. 
 
 WITT, WiUiam Christ. (IG) Saddler. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. WiUiam F. Witt, Trunian. Minn. 
 
 Born at Galena Twp.. Martin County, July 17. 1893. Resident 
 of Truman. Minn., when enlisted at Camp Dodge. Iowa, Dec. 
 5, 19 1 7, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 
 E. 338th Field .\rtillerv. 88th Div., at Camp Dodge. Trans- 
 ferred to Co. M, 326th Inf., 82nd Div., at Camp Gordon, 
 Georgia. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., April 28, 1918. ar- 
 riving at Liverpool. England, May 2, igiS. Engaged at Soissons, 
 St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Severely wounded left leg 
 and permanently disabled by machine gun fire. Returned to 
 U. S. March 13, 19 19, disc'haiged at Ft. Sheridan, 111., Aug. 
 2, 1919. 
 
 195 
 
WOHLHUETER, Earl M. (l) Corporal. Son of 
 Mr. and Airs. Kred Wohlhiietcr, Kaimiont, Minn. 
 Born April 3, 1896, at Oldham, S. D. Resident of that place 
 when inducted at DeSmet, S. D., May 25, 1918, as private in 
 infantry. Assigned to Co. L, 361st Inf., 91st Div., at Camp 
 Lewis, Wash. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 6, 1918. ar- 
 riving at LeHavre. France, July 19. 19 18. Kngaged at St. 
 Mihiel, Meuse-Arognne and Lys-Scheldt. Returned to U. S. 
 May 3, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 3, 1919- 
 
 WOHLHUETER, Merle H. (2) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Fred A. Wohlluieter, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born April 3, 1896. at Oldham, S. D. Resident of Oldham, S. D.. 
 when inducted at De Smet, S. D., Oct. 4. 1917. as private in 
 Field Artillery. Assigned to Hq. Co.. 341st Field Artillery, 
 89th Div., at Camp Funston, Kansas. Transferred to Hfj. Co.. 
 i8th Field Artillery. 3'rd Div.. at Polch, Germany. Embarked 
 from Boston, Mass.. June 21, 1918. Arrived at LeHavre, France, 
 July 8, 19 1 8. With American Expeditionary Forces and Army 
 of Occupation. Returned to U. S. Aug. 20, 1919. Discharged 
 Aug. 26, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 WOHLHUTER, Arthur Herman. (::) Wagoner, 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Philip Wohlhuter, Welcome, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, Nov. 1, 1891, and resi- 
 dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., Sept. 21, 19 17, 
 as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 339th Inf.. 
 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to 334th Machine 
 Gun Co., 87th Div., at Camp Pike, Arkansas. Later to 335th 
 Co. and Headquarters Machine Gun Co., 87th Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 24, 19 18, arriving at Liverpool, 
 England, Sept. 5. 1918. Returned to U. S. March 7, 1919, dis- 
 cliarged March 22, 1919. 
 
 WOHLHUTER, Frederic August. (4) Private, Sun 
 of i\Ir. and Mrs. Philip Wohlhuter. Welcome, 
 Minn. 
 
 P>orn at Fox Lake Twp., Maitin County, May 2,^, 1895, and resi- 
 dent thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Aug. 26. 
 1918, as private in infantry. N. A., and sent to Camp Grant, 
 111. Transferred to Machine Gun Training Center at Camp 
 Hancock, Ga. Discharged Jan. 9, 1919. 
 
 WOODKE, Arthur William. (9) Private. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. K. Woodke, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born Oct, 7, 1890, at Sac County, Iowa. Resident of Ceylon, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 19 18, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 5, i6ist Depot 
 Brigade, Camp Grant, 111. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 March 22, 1919. 
 
 WOOLEY, Wayne W. (HO Captain. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Garrett F. Wooley, Bufifalo, Minn. 
 Married, one child. Born at Edgeley, N. D., June 13, 1892. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted as ist Lieutenant 
 in the Dental Corps, Officers Reserve Corps, Aug. 18, 1917- 
 Assigned to 34th Div., Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred to Medi- 
 cal Officers Training Camp. Ft. Oglethorpe, Cia. ; to Base Hos- 
 pital No. Ill, 6th Div., Recy sur Ource. France; to Evacuation 
 Hospital No. ig, Trier. Germany; and to 8th Infantry, with 
 American forces at Coblenz, Germany. Embarked from New 
 York. Nov. 11, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Nov. 22, 1918. 
 Still in service Oct. i, 1920. 
 
 WRIGHT, Daniel. (11) Private. Son of Daniel 
 Wright, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Horn at Mornsby. 111., July 13, 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Alankato, Minn., May 25, 191 8, as 
 private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to Co. F, 34.th Engineers 
 at Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Ind. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Aug. 16, 1918, arriving abroad about Sept. i, 1918. Re- 
 turned to U. S. Sept. 22, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Sept. 27. 1919- .^^ 
 
 YATES, Ed. (12) Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 E. L. Vates, Farmer City, 111. 
 
 Born at Farmer City, 111.. Jan. 26, 1893. Married, one child. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place June 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. E, 3iitli 
 Ammunition Train, 86th Div., at Camp Grant. III. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 26. 1918, arriving at Brest. France. 
 Oct. 6. 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 29, 1919. discharged at 
 Camp (irant. 111., Feb. 9, 19 19. 
 
 WOHLRABE, George William. (.V) Private. Sou 
 
 <'f Mr. and ^Irs. Geo. W. Wolilrabc. Fairmont. 
 
 Minn. 
 Born May 28, 1894, at Watonwan County, Minn. Employed in 
 Pleasant Mounds Twp., Blue Earth County, Minn., wlien in- 
 ducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infan- 
 try, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 344th Inf.. 86th Div., Camp 
 Grant, III. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 8, 19 18, 
 arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 21, 1918. Uetunied to \J. S. 
 July 6, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 16, 1919. 
 
 WOLFORD, Sidney Alonzo. ((.) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Martin VVolford, Sherburn. Minn. 
 Born at Pelican Rapids. Mmn., Nov. 23, 1893. Resident of Sher- 
 burn. Minn., when entered service. Served previous to World 
 War in Co. D, ist Minn. Inf., National Guard. Entered service in 
 July, 1917, as member of Co. D, 1st Mimi. Inf., N. G. Transfer- 
 red to Co. A, 37th Inf., i2th Div. at San Antonio, Texas. Trans- 
 ferred to Headquarters Co., 2Sth Inf., ist Div., at Mc Allen, 
 Texas. Was in first convoy of American troops overseas, leaving 
 Hoboken, N. J., June 12, 19 17 and arriving at St. Nazaire. 
 France, June 26, 19 1 7. Engaged at Cantigney ( first place cap- 
 tured by Americans alone) Soissons, and Meuse-Argonne. Evac- 
 uated on account of illness Sept. 30. 1918. In hospital two 
 months. Returned to U. S. Dec. 19, 19 18, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 5. 1919. 
 
 WOLFORD, William Godfrey. 17) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Airs. Isaac W'olford. Mabel, Minn. 
 Born at Fillmore County, Minn., May 8, 1S85. Married. Resi- 
 dent of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted Aug. 17, 1914, in coast 
 artillery corps, regular army. Assigned to 146th C. A. C. 
 Served at Ft. Adams, R. I., Ft. H. G. Wright, and on Mexican 
 border. Command acted as infantry on Mexican border 1916-17. 
 Later became Battery A, 7th Heavy Artillery and was changed 
 in France to Battery A, 52nd Artillery. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J.. Aug. 18, 191 7, arriving abroad Sept. 2. 191 7. 
 Engaged at i'oul sector. Gassed June 23, 1918, in hospital as a 
 result until March 26, 1919. Invalided to the U. S. Jan. 5, 1919, 
 and discharged at Cam]) Doflge. Iowa, March 26, 1919. 
 
 WOLTER, Harry. (S) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. W. H. Wolter, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Rutland Twp., Martin County. March 4, 1S95, ^"d 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., July 26, 
 191 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. D. 56th 
 Pioneer Inf.. at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Ho- 
 lioken. N. J.. Sept. 4. 1918. arriving abroad Sept. 13, 1918. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 29, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 8, 1919. 
 
 YSTENES, Nicholai Julius, (i::) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Nels V stones, Blair, Wis., 
 Born at Blair, Wis., April 2, 1891. Resident of Cedar Twp., 
 jMartin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25, 
 1918. as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 351st 
 Inf., 88th Div., Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred to Co. B, 
 119th Inf., 30th Div., at Camp Sevier, S. C. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., May 11, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, 
 Alay 27. 1918. Engaged at "V pres, \'oormezecle, Bellicourt Fre- 
 mont and Busigny. Eseaufourt-St. Benin-St. Souplet, Ribeau- 
 vill-Mazinghien. Slightly wounded in head by machine gun bullet 
 Oct. 17, 1918. Returned to U. S. April 2, 1919. discharged 
 April 12, 1919. 
 
 YSTENES, Selmer. (14) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrh. W-ls Vbtenes. Blair. Wis. 
 
 Born at Blair, Wis., Jan. 7. 1889. Resident of Cedar Twp., 
 Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 17, 1918, 
 as private in aviation, N. A. Trained at Camp Sevier, S. C, 
 and Garden City, L. I. Assigned to i6th Aero Construction Co. 
 Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Aug. 8, 1918, arriving at Liver- 
 pool, England. Aug. 20. 1918. Returned to U. S. April 14, 1919, 
 discharged May 2, 1919. 
 
 ZACHARIASON, Andrew Emil. (1.5) Private. Also 
 known as Andrew E. Rierson. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. S. O, Zachariason, Elmore, Minn. 
 Boin at Hamilton County, Iowa, June 26, 189 1. Resident of 
 East Chain Twp., Martin County, when inducted at F'airmont, 
 Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to 
 Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Co. G, 343rd Inf., 86th Div. 
 Transferred overseas to Co. M, 109th Inf., 2Sth Div. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 8, 1918. arriving abroad Sept. 21, 
 
 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 12, 
 
 1919, discharged May 22, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 ZABOROSKI, Frank. (16) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Airs. John Zaboroski, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Burn at Lemont, 111., Jan. 11. 1889. Resident of East Chain 
 Twi)., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. C, 344th 
 Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, III. Transferred in France to 
 Co. F, 109th Inf., 28th Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. 
 Sept. 19. 1918, arriving at LeHavre. France, Sept. 29, 19 18. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. May 3, 19 19, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, May 19^ i9i9- 
 
 197 
 
ZABOROSKI, Michael, (l) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and M r^. ji.lin Z.ihoroski. Fairmont, Minn. 
 T^urn at Leinont, 111.. Sept. ii, 1S90. Resident of Fairmont.. 
 Minn., when inducted at that place July 24. 1918, as private 
 in the medical corps, N. A. Assigned to Base Hospital No. 56. 
 at Camp Wadsworth, S- C. Transferred in France siiccessivelv 
 to Evacuation Hospital No. 19. Base Hospitals Nos. 119 and 88. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 3, 1918, arriving at Brest* 
 France, Sept. 17, 1918. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned 
 to U. S. April 29, 1919, discharged at Ft. Snelling, Minn., May 
 5. 1919- 
 
 ZEASKE, Karl George. (2) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 Stclhi Zcaske. LaSalle, 111. 
 
 Born at LaSalle. 111., July 25, 1SS6. Worked several years 
 in Martin County, and registered here t)ut inducted at LaSalle. 
 111.. April !8, 191S. as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. M, 
 i^?9th Inf.. 35th I!)iv. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. May i, 
 1 9 1 8, arriving abroad May 15. Engaged at St. Miliiel and 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. April 23, 19 19, discharged 
 at Camp Grant, 111., May 2, 1919. 
 
 ZEHM, Roy D. CJ) Corporal. Son of Mrs. Enielie 
 Zehm. Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County. June 12. 1S96. Resi- 
 dent of Granada, Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea, Minn.^ 
 Dec. 12, 1917, as piivate in aviation section of the signal corps, 
 regular army. Assigned to S^otli Aero Squadron at Kelly 
 Field. Texas. Transferred to Aero Squadron 1). as chauffeur. 
 ()n duty at Sel fridge Field. Mt. Clemens. Mich. Dischartred 
 Dec. 20, 19 1 8. Accidentally killed at Mason City, Iowa. April 
 16, 1919. 
 
 ZELKER, George. (-1) Wagoner. Parents deceased, 
 r.orn at Starfeldt, Germany, Oct. 17, 1893. Resident of Triumph, 
 .Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 4, 1917. as 
 private in infantry, 1st Minn. Inf., which was called to federal 
 service July 15, 1917. as 135th Inf., 34th Div. Trained at Camp 
 Cody, \. M. Assigned to Supply Co. of 135th Inf. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., Oct. 13. 1918, arriving at Liverpool, Eng., 
 Oct. 25. 1918. Returned to U. S. April 2, 1919, discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, ^\pril 12, 19 19. 
 
 ZIESKE, Victor William, c ) Sergeant First Class, 
 Medical. Son of I'V'-hI Zieske. Sleepy Eye. Minn. 
 Married. Born at Nicollet County, Minn.. Sept. 26, 1890. 
 Resident of h'airmont, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 l""eb. 25, 191S, as i)rivate in medical corps, N. A. Sent to Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to Field Hospital No. 352, 313th 
 Sanitary Train, 8Sth Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 .\ug. 17, 1918, arriving abroad .\ug. 31, 1918. Engaged at Ilaute- 
 Alsaqe. Returned to V. S. July 2, 1919, discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa. July 1 1, 1919. 
 
 ZOELLER, Charley Fred. ((>) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. John Zoeller, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Resident of Fairmont Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
 i'airmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. 
 Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned \o Battery E, 332nd 
 i'ield Artillery, 86th Div. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. 
 Keturned to Camp Grant, Oct. 15, 1918, as physica'ly disqualified 
 for overseas service. Assigned to Camp Grant Development 
 Battalion and discharged at that place Jan. 2, 1919. 
 
 ZOELLER, John Henry. (7) Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Zoeller, Granada, ^hnn. 
 
 Born at Baltimore, Maryland. May 16, 1893. Resident of 
 I'leasant Prairie Twp., Martin Count>^, when inducted at Fair- 
 munt, Minn., April 29, 19 18, as private in infantry, N. A. 
 Assigned to Co. E, 313th Supply Train, 88th Div,, Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. Transferred to Medical Detachment at Base Hospital 
 No. 26, Ft. Des Moines, Iowa, and served there until discharged, 
 Oct. 21, 1919. 
 
 ZOELLER, William Albert. (8j Private. Son of 
 Air. and Mrs. John Zoeller, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born Jan. 26, 1897. at Rolling Green Twp., Martin County. Res- 
 ident of Pleasant Prairie Twp., JMartin County, when inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, as private in Engineers, N. A. 
 Sent to Camp Forrest. Ga., and assigned to 13th Provisional 
 Recruit Co. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 6, 1919. 
 
 198 
 
Practically complete data has been compiled on the serxice of the following 
 
 jq soldiers from Martin county but photographs were not 
 
 receix'ed in time for publication. 
 
 ADAMS, Lee. Private. Son of Mr. and .Mrs. 
 
 Frank M. Adams, Winnebago, Minn. 
 Vifiyn at Nashville Twp.. Martin County, in 1807. Resident of 
 that place when enlisted in S. A. T. C. at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 -Vug. 14, 1918. .Assigned to School of Agriculture at Minneapolis, 
 ^linn. for training. Discharged Dec, 1918. 
 
 C.A.REY, Herbert Leonard. Son of John Carev, Bry- 
 ant, S. D. 
 Horn in 1897. Home was at Bryant. S. D. Employed at Fairmont 
 and inducted at that place Au<i. 15, 1918, as private, general 
 service. Sent to the University of Minnesota for training. 
 Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jan. 18, 19 19. 
 
 ALBERT Ernest L. Private. Parents deceased. 
 Born at Mankato. Minn., Nov. 7, 18S8. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when inducted at that place Feb. 25, 19 18, as private 
 in Medical Corps. N. A. Assigned to Base Hospital at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Transferred to Red Cross Base Hospital No. 8 in 
 France and later to Military Ease Hospitals Nos. 8 and 28S. 
 Embarked from Ilohoken. X. J., Sept. 16. 19 iS, arriving at 
 LeHavre, France, (!)ct. 4, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 23. 
 19 19, and discharged July 30, 19 19, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 ANDERSON, Eskil Andrew. Private. Parents re- 
 side at Tiden. Sweden, where he was born June 
 
 Resident of Monterey, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
 June 25, 1918. as private in artillery, X. A. Sent to Camp Grant. 
 Til., and assigned to Battery A. 331st Field Artillery. 86th Div. 
 Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Iloboken, 
 N. J., Sept. 17, 1918. arriving abroad Sept. 30. iqiS. Returntd 
 to U. -S. Feb. 4, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, l'"cb. 
 18, 1919. 
 
 ANDERSON, Eskil Eric. Private. Son of .\ndrew 
 Anderson, Skcfda, Sweden, where he was l)orn 
 June 12, 189.3. 
 
 Resident of Cedar Twp., Martin County, when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., Feb. 25. rgiS, as private in artillery. X. A. 
 .Assigned to Battery K, 331st Field Artillery at Camp Grant. lU., 
 trained at Camp Robinson. Wis. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J., 
 j\ug. 15. 1918, arriving at T.,eIIavre. France, .Sept. 5. 1918. Re- 
 turned to tJ. S. Jan. 20, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Feb. 16. 1919. 
 
 ANDERSON, Jens C. C. Private First Class. Son 
 
 of Mrs. Marinana Anderson. Gistrup, Denmark, 
 where he was born April 26. 1S8S. 
 
 Resident of Granada. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 June 25, 19 18. as private in artillery. Assigned to Battery D, 
 332nd F'ield Artillery, 86th Div.. at Camp Grant, 111. Trained at 
 Camp Robinson, Wis., and embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Sept. 16, igi8. arriving at T-iverpool. England. Sept. 29, igiS. 
 Returned to U. S. Feb. 16, 19 19, discharged at Camp Grant, 
 111., Feb. 28, 1919- 
 
 BAGLEY, Carl Erwin. Aviation Mechanic. Son ot 
 
 Mrs. C. E. Bagley. Welcome, Alinn. 
 Born July 28, 1886, at Waukon, Wis. Resident of Welcome, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Fairmont, Minn., March 14. 191 8, as 
 mechanic in aviation, regular army. Assigned to 243rd Aero 
 Squadron, Kelly Field, Texas. Transferred to Detachment ro6, 
 Gerstner Field, Lake Charles, La. Promoted sergeant, sergeant 
 ist class and aviation mechanic. Discharged Jan. 27, 1919. 
 
 BASSETT, Jay P. Battalion Sergeant Major. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Bassett, Danbury, Wis. 
 Born Feb. 8, 1896. at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Minn. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 May 8, 1917, as private in infantry, regular army. Assigned to 
 Co. E, 7th Inf., 3rd Div., at Ft. Bliss, Texas. Transferred to 
 Co. E, 6oth Inf., 5th Div., at Gettysburg, Pa. lunbarked from 
 Hoboken, X. J., Feb. 16, 1918, arriving at LeHavre, France, 
 March 20, igi8. Engaged at St. Mibiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Cited for gallantry in action at St. Mihiel, Sept. 16-17, iqi8, 
 G. O. No. II, Hq. 9th Inf. Brig., for leading a company relief 
 under fire. Discharged at Esch, Luxemberg, June 26. 1919, 
 and returned to U. S. Tuly 20, 1919. Re-enlisted and assigned 
 to Hq. Co., 60th Inf. 
 
 BENWAY, Frank Anton. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John M. Benwa}', Strawn. III. 
 Born at Sibley. 111.. Oct. 9, 1899. Resident of Sherburn. Minn., 
 when enlisted at L'rbana. 111., Oct. 10, 1918, as private in 7th 
 Co., S. A. T. C. at Urbana, 111. Discharged Dec. 21, 1918. 
 
 COMSTOCK, Vernon L. Private. Son of D. G. 
 
 Comslock, I'airniiinl. Minn. 
 
 Born at Silver Lake Twp., ^Martin County, May 24, 1S96. In- 
 ductt d at Clarion. Iowa. Aug. 30, 191 8. Sent to Camp Dorlge, 
 Iowa, and discharged on account of defective vision .Sept. 2, 1918. 
 
 CORBIN. Murray. Private. Son of Mr. and Mi;,s. 
 Ivdwin Corbin, llaHtax. Nova Scotia, where he 
 was born Aug. 19. 1891. 
 
 Resident of Monterey, Minn., when inducted at hairnifint. Minn., 
 Feb. 25. 1918, as private in medical corps, N. .\. Assigned to 
 duty at Base Hosjiital, Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferred at that 
 place to Medical Replacement Unit No. i. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, X. J., Sept. 5. 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France, Sept. 
 20, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 31, 19191 discharged at Camp 
 Grant, ill., Aug. 7, 1919. 
 
 COTTON, Harold Franklin. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. !•'. R. Cotton, Pairniont, Minn. 
 Burn at Xicollct, Minn.. Aug. 14, 1894. Resident of Mankato. 
 Minn., whfn inducted at that place Aug. 30, 1918. as private in 
 infantry. Assigned to Medical Detachment. 8Rth Inf.. iqth Div., 
 ;tt Camp Dodge, Iowa, and served at that place until discharged 
 Jan. 27, 1919. 
 
 DIEKMAN, Henry. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 I). J''. Dukman, Wek-omc, Alinn. 
 21 years of age wlien inducted. Born at Lake Belt Twp., Mar- 
 tin County, where he resided when inducted at l*'airmont. Minn., 
 April 29, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp Dodge, where 
 he was discharged for jiliysical disqualifications on June 8, 1918. 
 
 DRAGER, Roy William. Wagoner. Son of Air. 
 
 and Mrs. Otto Drager, Alpha, Minn. 
 Born Oct. 31. 1895, at Chicago, 111. Resident of Alpha. Minn., 
 whtn inducted at l-'airmont, Minn.. June 25. 1918, as private in 
 infantry. X. A. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Co. 
 I. 341st Inf.. 86th Div. Transferred to Supply Co., 312th Inf., 
 78th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. X. J., Sept. 9. 1918, ar- 
 riving abroad Sept. 22, 19 18. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. 
 Returned to U^. S. May 24, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa. June 2. 1919. 
 
 DOWNEY, John Cornelius. Private. Son of Air. 
 and Airs. Con Downey. Austin, Alinn. 
 
 Born at LaCrosse, Wis., Feb. 8. 1886. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea, .Minn.. July 22, 1918, as 
 private in artillery, X. A. Assigned to Battery A, 5th Trench 
 Artillery, at Ft. Hancock, N. V. Embarked trom Hoboken, 
 X- J., Sept. 20, 1918, arriving at Brest, France. Sept. 29, 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. Jan. 11, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Feb. i, 19 19. 
 
 DOWNEY, Samuel Vance. Sergeant Q. M. C. Son 
 uf Capt. A. Duwney. stli Cav.. U. S. .\.. who was 
 killed by Indians in Arizona. 1883. 
 Born Oct. 23, 1878. at Washington Co.. Indiana. Mother also 
 deceased. Served in Spanisli- American war in Cuba with Co. 
 F, 49th Iowa. Enlisted in 4th U. S. Field Artillery in 1901, 
 and served 4 years. In Mexican border service 1916-17 with 
 t.o. F. isi Iowa mt. Kesideni 01 Ceylon, Minn., when enlisted 
 at Davenport, Iowa, Feb. 21, 1917. as private in Quartermaster 
 Corps, regular army. Assigned to Q. M. depot at Jefferson Bar- 
 racks. Mo., and Served at that place until discharged at that 
 place Oct. 21, 1919- 
 
 199 
 
ELLWORTH. Leo John. Corporal. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Aug. Biickholz, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Kaukauna, Wis., June 6. 1891. Served one enlistment 
 in 29th U. S. Inf. Employed at Anaconda, Mont., when inducted 
 at that place April 26. 19 18. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash., and 
 assigned to Co. D, 348th Machine Gun Battalion. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., July 5, igi8, arriving at Liverpool, July 
 17, 1918. In various hospitals for several months. Returned 
 to TJ. S. May 26, 1919, discharged at Ft. Snelling, Minn., June 
 10, 1919. Disabled as a result of service. 
 
 HOKANSON, Wilhelm. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs., Sam Ilokanson, Sweden. 
 
 Born in Sweden, Dec. 8, 1890. Resident of Monterey, Minn., 
 when inducted June 25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A., 
 at Fairmont, Minn. Sent to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned 
 to Battery IJ 332nd Field .Artillery, 86th Div. Trained at Camp 
 Robinson. Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 16, igi8, 
 arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 29, 19 18, reaching I'rance, 
 Oct. 2, 1918. Returned to U. S. Feb. 15, 1919, discharged at 
 Lamp Grant, 111., Feb. 28. 1919. 
 
 EWEN, Elmer Jansen. Private. Son of Mrs. Wm. 
 Manninger, El Paso, 111. 
 
 Born at Benson, 111., Feb. 7, 1896. Inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., June 25, 1918 as private in engineers, N. A. Sent to 
 Camp Grant. III., and assigned to Co. C, 3:1th Engineers. Trans- 
 ferred to I2th Co., Development Battalion No. 3, at Camp Logan, 
 'lexas. Discharged Dec, 19 iS. 
 
 FABER, Pier Charles. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Cornelius Fabcr, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., Feb. 9, 1895. Employed at Jackson, 
 Mmn., when inducted at that place June 24, 1918, as private 
 in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. M, 344th Inf., 86th Div.. 
 at Camp Grant. 111. Chest badly crushed in an accident during 
 training. Discharged at Camp Grant, Dec. 3, 1918. 
 
 HOWARD, Marshall I. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. M. C. Howard. Slierburn, Minn. 
 Born 1899. Resident of Sherburn. Minn., when inducted Oct. 
 11. 1918, in S. A. T. C. Sent to University of Minnesota for 
 training. Discharged Dec, 1918. 
 
 HUDSON. Albert Herbert. Private. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Thomas Hudson, Triumph. Minn. 
 
 Born at Grant Park, 111., Dec. 8, 1893. Resident of Triumph, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. July 26, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer 
 Infantry, at Camp Wadsworth. S. C. Embarked from Newport 
 News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 
 
 19 18. Enga^ied at Meuse-.Vrgonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 
 
 1919, discharged at Camp Grant. 111., July 3, 1919. 
 
 FALLERT, Robert P. Private. Parents deceased. 
 Born at Peoria. III., Oct. 15, 1897- Emploved by H. D. Smith. 
 Cedar Iwp., Martin County, when enlisted at Ft. Dodge, Iowa, 
 April II. 1918, as private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to 23rd 
 Co. of Engineers at Ft. Meyers, Va., transferred to Co. L. 
 Replacement Engineers, at Washington Barracks, D. C. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 25, 1918, arriving abroad 
 Oct. 7, 1918. Returned to U. S. May 27, 1919, discharged at 
 tamp Dodge. Iowa. June 5, 19 19. 
 
 FENTON, Charley. Private. Son of ]\Irs. E. I. 
 
 Fenton, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Story County. Iowa. .\ug. 22, 1897. Resident of Gran- 
 ada, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 1918, 
 as private in engineers, N. A. .Assigned to 13th Provisional 
 Recruit Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Ft. Oglethorpe, 
 (la., Feb. 4, 1919. 
 
 HUDSON, Clarence. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Thomas Hudson, Triumph, Minn. 
 
 Born June 21. 1S97, at Kankakee County, 111. Resident of 
 Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 22, 
 1918, as private in engineers. Assigned to 13 th Provisional 
 Recruit Co., at Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 HUEMOLLER, Carl August. Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Fred C. iinemollcr, Fairmont, Minn., 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., May 17, 1894, where he resided when 
 inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infan- 
 try, N. A, Sent to Camp Grant, III., and assigned to duty 
 with the medical detachment. Development Battalion. Was 
 attending Officers Training Camp at Camp Grant when armis- 
 tice was signed. Dischareed at Camp Grant, 111.. Dec. 4. igi8. 
 
 OILMAN, Law^rence Blaine. Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. J. E. Oilman, E.xcelsior, Minn. 
 Born at Martin County, -Minn., .March, 1892. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at that place Dec. <^, 1917, as 
 private in artillery, N. A. Sent to Camp Dodge and assigned 
 to H(|. Co.. 338th Field .Artillery, 88tli Div. Transferred to 
 Co. C, 307th Eng.. 82nd Div., at Camp Gordon, Ga. Embarked 
 from Hobolten, N. J., in April, 1918. Engaged at Cambria 
 front with British Army, St. Mihiel and Meuse-.\rgonne. 
 Wounded by hand grenade in Sept., 1918. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge about Feb., 1919. 
 
 GRAHAM, Wesley H. Private. Son of John H. 
 
 Graham, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Park County, Colorado, June 16, 1882. Widower, 2 
 children. Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at Albert 
 Lea. Minn., Feb. 8, 1918, as a private in infantry, N. A. As- 
 signed to ijth Training Co.. at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Ill 
 during much of his period of service at Jefferson Barracks hos- 
 pital. Discharged with permanent disability at that place about 
 Jan. 1. 1919. 
 
 HALL, Robert C. Private First Class. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Airs. Truman Hall, Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont Twp,, Martin County, Aug. 16, 1893. Resi- 
 dent of Granada, Minn., when enlisted at I't. Snelling, Minn., 
 Dec. 13, 1917, as private in medical corps, regular army. As- 
 signed to the aviation section of the Signal Corps at Camp 
 Sevier, S. C. On detached- service at Camp Merritt. Pensacola, 
 Little Rock, Ft. Bayard and Lanoke, Ark. Discharged at Lan- 
 oke. Ark., Feb. 10, 1919. 
 
 HANNEMANN, Paul Gehart. Private. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Dora Hanneniann, Milltovvn, S. D. 
 Born at Pukwana, S. D., Sept. 24, 1889. Resident of Galena 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 
 2, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 16th 
 Machine Gun Battalion, 6th Div., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 6, 1918, arriving at 
 Liverpool, England, July 17, igi8. ' Engaged at Vosges and 
 Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 19, 1919, discharged 
 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, June 28, 1919. 
 
 HULBERT, Loman Theodore. Private. Parents 
 deceased. 
 
 Married. Born at Wintcrset, Iowa, Nov. 23, 1894. Resident 
 of Truman, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. .Assigned to Co. D, 
 343rd Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Dec. 25, 1918. 
 
 JOHNSON, John. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 E. P. Gustafsoii, Malilla, Sweden, where he was 
 born Jan. 12, 18'.)4. 
 
 Resident of Monterey, ^iinn,, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., 
 Oct. 25, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp Cody, 
 N. M., and assigned to Co. M. 3SSth Inf., 97th Div. Discharged 
 at Camp Cody, N. M., Dec. 14, 1918. 
 
 KAHLER, Harry Herman. Cook. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., Jan. 20, 1889. and resident of that 
 place when inducted at rairmonf, Minn., May 26, 1918, as 
 [Private in infantry, N. A. -Assigned to Co. .-\, 160th Inf., 40th 
 Div., at Camp Kearney, Calif. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 Sept. 2, 1918, arriving at Southampton, England, Sept. 9, 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. Oct. 28, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, Nov. 4, 1919. 
 
 LADE, Louis C. Private. Parents deceased. 
 
 Born at MartiiUon. 111., Oct. 14, 1894. Resident of Sherburn, 
 Minn., when inducted at I-'airmont, ilinn., June 23, 1918. as 
 private in infantry. Sent to Camp Grant, III., and found physi- 
 cally disqualified 'for service. Discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
 July 3, 1918. 
 
 LARSEN. George Adolph. Private First Class. Son 
 
 of John A. Larsen, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at Jefferson Bar- 
 racks, Mo., in 1917, as private in Signal Corps, regular army. 
 .Assigned to 34th Service Co., Signal Corps, at Ft. Leavenworth, 
 Kansas. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 15, 1918, ar- 
 riving at Liverpool, England, .\ug. i. igi8. Returned to U. S. 
 Sept. 10, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Sept. 16, 1919. 
 
 ::()0 
 
LARSEN, Nels Elmer. Private. Son of Lars An- 
 derson, Klargtrup, Sweden. 
 Resident of X'ilberg. N. D., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 July 26, 1918, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Head- 
 quarters Co.. 54th Pioneer Inf., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Em- 
 barked from Newport News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at 
 Brest. France, Sept. 12, 1918. Engaged at Mcuse-Argonne. Re- 
 turned to U. S. June 26, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., 
 July 3. 1919. 
 
 LARSON, Hjalmar. Private. Son of Alfred Lar- 
 son, Lomma. Sweden, where he was born Aug. 23, 
 1890. 
 Employed at Ceylon, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Sept. 21, 1917, and sent to Camp Dodge. Iowa, where he was 
 assigned to Co. B, 7th Battalion, 163rd Depot Brigade. Found 
 unfit for military service and discharged Oct. 9, 191 7, at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 LUNDBERG, Carl Anton. Cook. Son of Mrs. 
 Maria Lundberg, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Lund, Sweden. March 25, 1887. Employed at Rock 
 County, Minn., when inducted at Worthington, Minn., June 
 
 24, 19 18, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 
 344th Inf., 86th Div., at Camp Grant, 111. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, N. J., Sept. 9, 19 18. arriving at Cherbourg, France, 
 Sept. 21, 1918. Returned to U. S. July 5, 1919. discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 15, 1919. 
 
 MARLEY, Ernest L. Private. Son of I. H. Mar- 
 
 \ey, Estherville, Iowa. 
 Born at Britt, lowa. April 7, 1893. Resident of Lake Fremont 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
 
 25, 1918. as "private in artillery, N. A. .Assigned to Battery B, 
 332nd Field Artillery, 86th Div., at Camp Grant. 111., and trained 
 at Camp Robmson, Wis. Embarked from Iloboken, N. J.. Sept. 
 17, 19 1 8, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 29. 1918. Re- 
 turned to U. S. Aug. 23, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Aug. 28, 1919. 
 
 McCARRON, Basil Whitney. Private. Son of I\Ir. 
 and Mrs. W. A. McCarron. Shcrlmrn, Minn.. 
 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., where he resided when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 11, 1918, as private in S. A. T. C. Sent 
 to University of Minnesota for training. Discharged at Minne- 
 a iinl i s; . A I i n n . , Dec. , 1 9 1 8. 
 
 McCORMICK, Ralph. Cook. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 C. A. McCormick, Omaha. Neb. 
 
 Married. Born at Cass County, Iowa, Nov. 20, i8go. Inducted 
 at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 5. 1918, as private in Q. M. C. Sent 
 to Norfolk, \'a., and assigned to Co. 313, Fire Guards. Served 
 at Norfolk, Va.. until discharged at that place Nov. 28, 19 18. 
 
 NORDHAUSEN, Ernest A. Private First Class. 
 
 Son of August Nordhausen, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., April 15, 1893. Resident of 
 Cedar Twp.. Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 Feb. 25, 19 18, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. 
 M, 351st Inf., 88th Div., at Camp Dodge, Iowa. Transferrea 
 to Co. G, 39th Engineers, at Camp L^^pton, N. Y. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, N. J., April 24, 1918, arriving at Brest. France, 
 May 4, 1918. Engaged at Lorraine front, Vesle and Meuse- 
 Argonne. In military hospitals from Jan. 5, 1919, to discharge. 
 Returned to JJ. S. May 24, 19 19, discharged at Ft. Snelling, 
 Minn., June 19, 1919. 
 
 NUGENT, Edward Aloysius. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Thomas Nugent, Truman, Minn. 
 Born at Riceville, Iowa. May i, 1895. Resident of West ford 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 
 21, 1917, as private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 135th 
 Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred in France 
 to Co. G. i66th Inf.. 42nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J.. 
 June 28. 1918. arriving at LeHavre, France. July 12, igi8. 
 Engaged at Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Returned to U. S. May 10, 19 19, discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 lowa, May 25, 1919- 
 
 OLSON, Erwin V. Private. Son of Mrs. Christina 
 Olson, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born in 1894. Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when inducted at 
 that place Sept. 21, 1917, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp 
 Dodge. Iowa, and assigned to 88th Div. Served as a clerk until 
 Feb. 5, 1918. when he was discharged on account of physical 
 disqualifications. 
 
 OLSON, Richard August. Private. 
 
 Ill nil in S\Mdcii. wIilmc his itarenls r'-side. Aged about 27 
 when inducted. Resident of Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County. 
 Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25. 1918. as private in 
 infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp iTirant, 111., and assigned to an 
 infantry regiment of the 86lh Div. Reached France in Sept., 
 igiS. Was transferred to a division then engaged and rushed 
 to the front where he participated in the Meuse-Argonne offen- 
 sive. Discharged at Camp Dodge, in June, 1919- 
 
 PALMER, Clyde Wellington. Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Ilaltie Mnrtaugh, Ceylon, Minn. 
 
 Born April 25, 1895, at Columbia. Wis. Employed at Minne- 
 apolis, Minn., when inducted at that place July 26, 1918, as 
 private in infantry. N. A. Assigned to Co. L. 54th Pioneer 
 Inf.. at Camp Wadsworth, ^. C. Embarked from Newport 
 News, Va., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 12, 
 19 18. In hospital Sept. 29 to Nov. 10, 1918. Returned to 
 U. S. June 26, 1919. discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 8, 1919- 
 
 MEDDY, Arthur. Private. Foster son of A. F. 
 
 Wegener, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Piorn at C hicago. 111., Aug. 31, 189,^ Resident of Silver Lake 
 Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 
 25, 1918, as private in artillery, N. A. Assigned to Battery 
 D, 332nd Field Artillery, at Camp Grant. 111., and trained at 
 Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., Sept. 
 16, 19 18, arriving at Liverpool, England. Sejit. 29, igi8. Re- 
 turned to U. S. Feb. 15, 1919. discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 lowa, Feb. 28, 1919. 
 
 MEYER, William H. Private. Parents deceased. 
 
 Born at New Liberty, Iowa. June 5, 1S97. Resident of Ormsby, 
 Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service at 
 Fairmont, Minn., July 15, 1917. as private in Co. E, 2nd Minn. 
 Inf. Trained at Camp Wm. Bird, Fairmont. Discharged at 
 Fairmont, July, 1917, on account of i>liysical disability. 
 
 MOLESKY, John. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Matt -Molesk}', Blue Earth, Minn. 
 
 Born at Lemont, 111., Nov. lo, 1896. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at Blue Earth, Minn., Oct. 23, igiS, as 
 private in engineers, N. A. Assigned to 13th Casual Co., at 
 Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 9, 
 iqio. 
 
 MOODY, Truman Martin. Private. Son of Rev. 
 
 and Mrs. I. E. Moody, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Ostemo, Minn., May 21, 1900. Resident of Sherburn, 
 Minn., when enlisted in S. A. T. C. at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. 
 12, 1918. Assigned to Macalester College, St. Paul, for train- 
 ing. Discharged at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 12, 1918. 
 
 PAYNE, Aubrey Chester. Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. W. W. Payne. Truman, Minn. 
 Born at Stratford, Iowa, June 27, 1889. Resident of Westford 
 Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Des Moines, Iowa, Oct. 
 13, 1917, as private in infantry, regular army. Assigned to 
 Co. F. 31st Inf. l-.mbarked from San Francisco, Calif., Nov. 
 IS, 1917, arriving at Manila, P. I., where he was stationed until 
 Aug. 13, 1918, when he left with his command for Siberia, arriv- 
 ing at Vladivostok, Siberia, Aug. 21, 1918. Engaged in several 
 skirmishes with Russian revolutionists. Left Siberia, Sept. 11, 
 1919. arriving at San Francisco, Nov. 18, 1919, discharged at 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, Nov. 28, 1919. 
 
 PEDERSON, Chris. Sergeant. Son of Mrs. Marie 
 
 Larson, Jister, Denmark. 
 Born at Tister, Denmark, Nov. 3, 1893. Resident of Granada, 
 Minn., w-hen inducted at Fairmont, Minn., March 23, 1918, 
 as private in the ambulance corps, N. A. Assigned to i8th 
 Ambulance Co. at Ft. Riley, Kansas. Transferred to Ambu- 
 lance Co. No. 263, i6th Div., at Camp Kearney, Calif. Dis- 
 charged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 17, 1919- 
 
 PEDERSON, Jens S. Private First Class. Son of 
 
 Air. and Mrs. Rasmus Pedersen, Grungfur, Den- 
 mark. 
 Born at Hernig. Denmark, Nov. 7, 1889. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 1918, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Hq. Co., 54th Pioneer 
 Inf., at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Embarked from Newport News, 
 \'a., Aug. 29, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Sept. 21, 1918. 
 Engaged at Mcuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 26, 19 19, 
 discharged at Camp Grant, 111., July 3, 1919. 
 
 301 
 
PETERSEN, Fred N. Corporal. Son of Mr. and 
 -Mrs. C. X. Petersen, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. z, 1895, where he resided when 
 enlisted at Columbus Barracks. Ohio, April 20, 1918, as private 
 in Tank Corps. X. A. Assigned to Co. C, 303rd Battalion, 
 Tank Corps, at Camp Colt, Pa. Transferred in England to Head- 
 quarters Co.. 301st Center, Tank Corps. Embarked from Phil- 
 adelphia, Aug. 13, 191S, arriving at Alanchester, England, Aug. 
 28. 191S, with cargo of high explosive. Received further train- 
 ing at Camp Worgret, Wareham. England, reaching the St. Quen- 
 tin-Cambria front in France just as liostilities ceased. Returned 
 to U. S. March 16, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., April 
 II, 1919. 
 
 PETERSON, Andrew. Wagoner. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Paul Peterson, Welcome. Minn. 
 Born at Parkersburg, Iowa. July 20, 1893. Resident of Wel- 
 come, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 19, 
 1917, as private in engmeers, regular army. Assigned to 7th 
 Engineer Trains, 5th Div., at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken, N. f., jMarch 30, 1918. arriving at Brest, 
 France, April 13, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Ar- 
 gonne. Returned to U. S. July 28, 1919, discharged Aug. 4, 
 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 
 PETERSEN, Andrew. Private First Class. Par- 
 ents deceased. 
 
 Born at Aarhus. Denmark, Feb. 28. 1895, Resident of Fair- 
 mont, Minn., when called from National Guard to federal service 
 at that place luly 1=;, 1Q17, as private in infantrv. Assigned 
 to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. :M. Trans- 
 ferred to Co. D, ist Engineers, ist Div.. in France. Embarked 
 from Hoboken, X. J.. June 28. 1Q18. arriving at LeHavre. France, 
 July 14, 1 9 18. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Participated in Victory Parades in Xew York and Washington. 
 Returned to U. S. Sept. 4, 1919, and discharged at Camp Grant. 
 111.. Sept. 25, 1919. 
 
 PETERSON. Carl Oscar. Private. Son of IMrs. 
 An.uusta I*etcr5on, Tiden, Sweden. 
 
 Born at Ekly, Sweden. Aug. 29. 1894. Resident of Monterey, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., May 26, 19 18, at 
 Fairmont, Minn., as private in infantrv. X. A. Sent to Cam[j 
 Lewis, Wash. Assigned to Depot Brigade. Transferred to 
 Development Battalion (Co. D) at Camp Fremont, Calif. Dis- 
 charged at that place Dec. 6, 19 18. 
 
 RINGGENBERG, Lloyd Meyrle. Private. 
 
 r.Mni ;it I'nlk ( .'unty, Iowa. (_)ct. 1, 189(1. Married. Resided at 
 Cedar I'.vp., Martin County, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn.. Dec. 13, 1917, as private in infantry. X. A. Sent to 
 Camp Dodge, Iowa, and assigned to Co. G, 35 ist Inf.. 88th Div. 
 Discharged because of physical disability at Camp Dodge, Iowa, 
 Feb. 13, 1918. 
 
 RIPPEL, Arthur. Private. Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Chas. Rippel, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Tlori\ at l-'ox Lake Twp.. Martin County, June 29. 1894. Resi- 
 dent of Triumph. Minn., wlien enlisted at Ft. Snelling. !Minn.. 
 Dec, 14. 1917. as private in ordnance corps, X. A. Assigned 
 to Co. B. 3rd Ordnance Battalion, Camp Jackson, S. C. Em- 
 barked from Hoboken. X. J., May 25, 1918. arriving at Bor- 
 deaux, France. June 11. 1918. Returned to U. S. July 9, 1919. 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 24, 1919. 
 
 ROENFELDT Louis Otto. Private. Son of Clans 
 
 IvounteUIt. Otis. Kansas. 
 Uorn April 22, 1890. at Grant Park, III. Registered in ^f art in 
 County but moved to Kansas before called for induction June 
 25. 1918. Sent to Camp Funston. Kansas, but discharged a few 
 days later on account ot jihysical disqualification. 
 
 SACKETT. Clarence L. Private. Son of Mrs. Nel- 
 lie Smith, Gettysburg, S. D. 
 liorn at X'ashville Tw-.^., ^Martin County, June t6. 1S96, and 
 resident of that place when inducted at Fairmont. Minn.. Oct. 
 22, 1918. as private in engin.eers, X. A. Assigned to 13th Provi- 
 sional Recruit Co., Camp Forrest, Ga. Discharged '^s. Camp 
 Di>dge, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 SCHOW, Carter. Private First Class. Son 01 Mr. 
 
 and Airs. Christian Schow, Palo 5 Park. 111. 
 
 Horn at Cook County, 111., July 12. 1895. Resident of Center 
 Creek Twp., Martin County, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 March 15, 1918, as private in aviation section, Signal Corps, 
 \. .\,. Sent to Camp John Wise, Texas, and assigned to 43i"d 
 lialloon Co. Trained also at Camp Morrison, Va. Embarked 
 from Newport -News, \ a., June 29, 1918. arriving at Hrest," 
 I'rance. July 12, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and Meuse-Ar- 
 fonne. Returned to U. S. May 3. 19 19. discharged at Camp 
 Grant, 111.. May 9, 1919. 
 
 PETERSON, Elmer Clarence. Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and -Mrs. John B. Peterson, formerly of Mar- 
 tin County, now of Rockford. III. 
 
 Born in 1892. Resident of East Chain Twp., Martin County, 
 when inducted at Fairmont. Miini., June 25. 19 18. Sent to 
 Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to the Field Artillery of the 86th 
 Div. Trained at Camp Robinson, Wis. Embarked from Ho- 
 boken, X. J., Sept. 17, 1918, arriving in France Sept. 30, 1918. 
 Returned to U. S. Feb. 15, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 
 III., Feb. 28, 1919. 
 
 PETERSON, Leslie Arnold. Cock Air Service. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. C. I'eterson. Slayton, 
 
 ^linn. 
 Born at Murray County, Minn., April 4, 189S. Employed at 
 Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at ^linneapolis. Minn., Jan. 8, 
 19 18, as private in Aviation Section, Signal Corps, regular 
 army. Served at Kelly Field and Waco, Texas, Camp Greene, 
 S. C, and Middletown, Pa. Member of 619th Aero Squadron. 
 Discharged at Middletown. Pa.. March 31, 19 19. Remained in 
 government service as a chauffeur. 
 
 PETERSON, Peter. Private. Son of Mrs, Augus- 
 ta Peterson, Tiden, Sweden. 
 
 Born at Maustad, Sweden, Aug, i, 1892. Resident of Monterey, 
 
 ilinn,, when inducted at Fairmont. Minn., June .25, 1918, as 
 
 private in infantry, X. .-\. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., and assigned 
 
 to i6ist Depot Brigade. Discharged at Camp Grant, III., Dec. 
 20, J918. 
 
 PUFAHL, Herman H. Private. Son of Aug. Pu- 
 fahl, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born in 1893. Resided at Welcome, Minn., when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., where 
 he was rejected on physical examination and discharged June 28, 
 1918. 
 
 SCHULTZ, Harry Ardell. Private. 
 
 Widowed. Horn in 1893. Resident of riherburn. ^linn.. when 
 inducted at I""airmont. Minn., July 25, 1918. Sent to Camp 
 Wadsworth. S. C.. and assigned to Hq. Co. 54th Pioneer Inf. 
 Kmharked from Newport News, Va.. Aug. 29, 191S. arriving 
 at Brest. France, Sept. 12, 1918. Lngaged at Meuse-.Vrgonne. 
 Returned to V. S. .Tune 29, rgig, discharged at Camp tirant, 
 111.. July 3, 1919. 
 
 SCHULTZ, Henry William. Private. Son of Aig. 
 V . Schultz, Blue Island, 111., where he was born 
 March IG, 1897. 
 
 Resident of Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, M|nn., 
 Oct. 22, 1918, as private in engineers. .Assigned to 26th It^ngi- 
 neers Training Co., at Camp Forrest. Ga. Discharged at Camp 
 Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 4, 1919. Deceased, date unknown. 
 
 SEIFERT. Leo Jerome. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. 11. Seifert. New Ulrn. Minn, 
 liorn at Brown County, Minn.. Feb. 28, 1891. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn,, June 
 15, 1918, as private in infantry, X. .\. .Assigned to Co. C, 
 Dunwoody Institute. Minneapolis, for training. Transferred to 
 Perdue University, LaFayette, Ind. Discharged at that place 
 Dec. 18, 1918. 
 
 SHARP, Roy William. Private First Class. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charles Sharp, Laclede, Mo., 
 Born at Laclede, Mo.. May 28, 1896. Resident of Rolling Green 
 Twp.. Martin County, when enlisted at Jefferson Barracks. 
 Mo., Dec. 15. 1917, as private m artillery, regular army. As- 
 signed to Battery F, 60th Coast .\rtillery at Ft. Monroe. \ a. 
 Embarked from Newport News, Va., -April 23, 1918, arriving 
 at Brest, France, Mav 5, 1918. Engaged at St. Mihiel and 
 Meuse-.Argonne. Returned to U. S. Feb. 4, 1919, discharged 
 at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Feb. 26, 1919. 
 
 202 
 
SWANSON, Elof Carl. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Ji 'lin Swan son, Truman, Minn. 
 Corn Apr. 22, 1897, at West ford Twp., Martin County. Em- 
 ployed at Stanton. JVeb., wlien inducted at that place Oct. 21, 
 191S, as private in infantry. Never assigned. Discharged Nov. 
 12, 1918. 
 
 WALLACE. Glen Leslie. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. C. C. Wallace. Kesley, Iowa. 
 Born at Wright County, Iowa, Nov. 7, 1897. Resident of Fair- 
 mont, ]\Iinn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. 14, 191S.. 
 as private in infantry, S. A. T. C. Assigned to Hamline Univer- 
 sity for training. Discharged at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 17, 
 1918. 
 
 SWEENEY, Carol William. Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. J. G, Sweeney, Winnebago, Minn. 
 Born at Nashville Twp., Martin County, Aug. 24, 1896, and 
 resident thereof when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 19, 
 1918, as private in the S. A. T. C. Sent to Dunwoody Institute 
 for training. Discharged at ]\[innea|iolis, Minn., Dec. 11, 19 18, 
 and re-enlisted in the regular army. 
 
 SWEESY, Leo Matthias. Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. W. D. Swcesy, Triumph, Minn. 
 Born at Rossville, 111., April 7. 1899. Resident of Triumph, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Albert Lea. Minn., April 26, 19 17, as 
 private in artillery, regular army. Assigned to 6th Co., Coast 
 Artillery Corps, Ft. Monroe, Va. Transferred to Battery E 
 60th Co^st Artillery Corps. Lmbarked from Newport News, 
 \'a., April 22. 19 18. arriving at Brest, France, May 6, 191 8. 
 Engaged at St. Alihiel and Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. 
 Feb. 4, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 26, 19 19. 
 
 THEOBALD, Ralph Vernon. Sergeant First Class. 
 
 Son 01 Mr. and Mrs. Frank Tlieoljald, Ceylon, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., and resident of that place when 
 enlisted Jan. 26, 1918, at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., as private 
 in aviation. Assigned to 7th Detachment Aviation, Signal Corps, 
 at Gerstner Field, La. Transferred to 270th Aero Squadron 
 ' at same place. Embaiked from Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 14, 
 19 18, arriving at Brest, France. Aug. 26, 19 18. In action at 
 jNIeuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. July 10, 19 19, discharged 
 July 21, 1919, at Camp Dodge, Iowa. 
 
 WERNER, Edward Herman. Private. Son of 
 
 John Werner, Welcome, Alinn. 
 Born in 1892. Resident of Welcome, Minn., when inducted at 
 Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent 
 to Camp Grant, 111., and assigned to Co. E. 311th Ammunition 
 Train, 86th Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Sept. 26, igiS, 
 arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 6, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 
 29, 1919, discharged at Camp Grant, 111., Feb. 9, 1919- 
 
 WEHRENBERG, Henry Christ. Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Henry J. Welirenberg, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. i, 1888, and resident therof when 
 inducted at Fairmont, July 14. 1918, as private, general service, 
 N. A. Sent to Dunwoodv Institute, Minneapolis. Minn., for 
 training. Discharged at Minneapolis, Dec. 13, 191S. 
 
 WHITE, Fred H. First Sergeant. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Mary M. White, Sherburn, Alinn. 
 Born at Chicago, 111.. Oct. 13, 1S87. Previously served 4 years 
 in U. S. Navy. Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at 
 Seattle, Wash., March 14, 1918, as private in engineers. As- 
 signed to Co. E, 31st Engineers, stationed at Ft, Lawton, 
 Wash., Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, Camp Mills and Camp Upton, 
 N. Y. In hospital June i to Sept. i, 1918. Discharged at 
 Camp Upton, N. Y., Dec. 12, 1919. 
 
 THIEDE, Herman J. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Martin B. Thiede. Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn., Feb. 16, 1897. Resident of Rock 
 Rapids, Iowa, when called to federal service from National 
 Guard at Luverne, Minn., July 15, 1917, as private in infantry. 
 Assigned to Co. A, 136th Inf., 34th Div., at Camp Cody. N. M. 
 Transferred to Headquarters Company, same command. Trans- 
 ferred in France to Co. G, 9th Inf., 2nd Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., JufTe 27, 19 18, arriving at LeIIavre, France, 
 July 17, 19 18. Engaged at St. Mihiel. Wounded, right leg, 
 shrapnel, Sept. 12, 19 18. Returned to U. S. April 16, 19 19, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, April 29, 1919. 
 
 WOODLING, Harold Ernest. Wagoner. Son of 
 
 James T. Wnodling. \\'allinL!,-ford, Jowa. 
 Born at Sac County Iowa, Jan i, 1S96. Resident of Sherburn, 
 Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, !Minn., July 26, 19 iS, as 
 private in infantry, N. A. Assigned to Co. A, 5th Pioneer Inf., 
 at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. Transferred to Co. D, 3rd Corps 
 .\rtillery Park, at the same place. Embarked from Newport News, 
 Va., Sept. 3, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, Sept. 16, 
 191S. Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. June 
 29, 1919, discharged at Camp Dodge, Iowa, July 8, i9i9' 
 
 203 
 
Fragmentary records only are available on the following"5q men who, by Red Cross, Draft Board 
 and newspapor records are shown to have entered ^the service from Martin county. Many 
 of them were non-residents and diligent research has failed to disclose the complete history 
 of their services in most cases. 
 
 ANDERSON, Andrew. Private. 
 
 HELGILUND, John. Private. 
 
 Born in Denmark in 1888. Son of Mrs. Christian Anderson. Born in Norway in 1S9J. Non-resident. Was employed at 
 living in Denmark. Resident of Sherhurn, Minn., when inducted Truman, Minn., when specially inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 at Fairmont, .Anril 2q. 1918. and sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa. May 20, 1918. Sent to Ft. Snelling, Minn. 
 
 ANDERSON, Thomas J. 
 
 Supposed to have been a transient. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn.. 
 April 29, 1918, and sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa. No further 
 record. 
 
 HELGILUND, Nels. Private. 
 
 Born in Norway in 1893. Non-resident. Was employed at 
 Truman when specially inducted in the infantry, May 20, 19 iS. 
 Sent to Ft. Snelling, Minn. 
 
 BASSETT, Leroy. Private. 
 
 Soil of Mv. and Mrs. Toe Eassett of Ceylon. Married. Was 
 inducted late in 1 9 1 8. Served in United States. 
 
 BROWN, Arvid. 
 
 Born in Sweden in 1892. Brittena Brown, mother, Landa. 
 Sweden. Transient. Enlisted March 11, 1918, in coast artil- 
 lery corps, regular army, and sent to JetTerson Barracks, ^lo. 
 
 CASSIDY, John Michael. 
 
 Private. Xon-nsidcnt. Inducted by the Martin County draft 
 board and sent to Ft. Logan, Oct. 12, 1918. 
 
 CHANTLAND, H. D. Private. 
 
 Born ni 1.S9J. Resident of Badger, Iowa, when called to federal 
 service from National Guard at Fairmont. Minn., July 15, 19 1/. 
 as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. l£, 136th Inf., 34th Div., 
 at Camp Cody. N. M. Transferred and no further record. 
 
 HOFFMAN, Albert Frank. Private. 
 
 Son of Kmil Hoffman. Xaperville. III. Born in 189(1. Non- 
 resident. Employed in ^[artin County when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., Aug. 26, 1918, and sent to Camp Grant. III. 
 
 HOLMSTROM, Edward. Private. 
 
 Born in 1896. Non-resident, home is in Chicago. Employed 
 at Monterey. Alinn.. when specially inducted June 2, 1918, and 
 sent to Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 IRELAND, J. M. Non-resident. 
 
 Was employed at Fairmont, Minn., when called to Camp Gordon, 
 Ga., for military service on May 25, 1918. 
 
 JENSEN, Nels Walter. Non-resident. 
 
 Born in 1889. Was employed at Fairmont, Minn., when iiiducted 
 at that place May 26, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to Camp 
 Lewis, Wash. 
 
 CLARK, Harry. Private. 
 
 Born in 1894. Son of J. A. Clark, St. Francisville, Mo. Tran; 
 sient. employed at Granada, Minn., when inductedfor a Missouri 
 board on July 2, 191S. Sent to Camp I'unston. Kansas. 
 
 JOHNSON, Arvid Gunnar. 
 
 Born in Sweden iSgi . ICmployed at Ceylon, Minn., when in- 
 ducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 
 111. Served overseas. Returned to \J. S. about May, 1919- 
 
 FINDLEY, Gain R. Private. 
 
 Native of Missimri. Emplo; ed in Center Creek Twp., when 
 inducted in Dec. 1917. Returned about January, 19 19. 
 
 FITZ, O. E. First Lieutenant. 
 
 Was a practicing physician of Truman. Minn., formerly of Fair- 
 mont. Offered his services early in the war and was called to 
 service in igi8. No further record of service. After discharge 
 located in the East. 
 
 FOLEY, William Timothy. 
 
 Born in 1SS9. Son of Mrs. Anna Foley, Appleton, Wis. Resided 
 at .Sherburn. Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Ajiril 
 2i, 1918. Sent to Columbus Barracks, Ohio, transferred later to 
 Camp Colt. Pa. Assigned to 303rd Bn., Tank Corps. Embarked 
 Aug. 13. 1918. Discharged March 16, 1919, at Camp Grant, 111. 
 After discharge located in Minneapolis. 
 
 JOHNSON, John William. Private. 
 
 Born in 1896. Non-resident, home supposed to be in Chicago. 
 Was employed in Rolling Cireen Twp., Martin County, when 
 specially inducted on Feb. i. 1918, and taken to Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 JOHNSON, Oscar Levin. Private. 
 
 Born in Sweden in 1887. Was resident of Ceylon, Minn., when 
 called to federal service at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 1917. and 
 sent to Camp Dodge. Iowa. Transferred to Camp Cody, N. M., 
 serving in tlie infantry. Went overseas in June, 1918. Re- 
 turned in s]>ring of 1919. 
 
 KIMBALL, Earl. 
 
 Resident of Center Creek Twp. Entered service in 1918. Sent 
 to Camp Custer, Michigan. Returned to Martin County after 
 discharge. 
 
 GORDON, Harry. 
 
 KRUEGER, Charles L. Private. 
 
 Tills mail is suitpused to have been in Fairmont as a transient Son of Mr. and Mrs. W'ilhclm Krueger, Ceylon. Minn. Born 
 and enlisted in the regular army with a recruiting party at that in Illinois in 1890. Resident of Ceylon, Minn., when inducted 
 place about March 2, 1918. at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918. Returned safely. 
 
 GRAGENSKY, Nathan. 
 
 Born ill l\usbia in 1S92. Resided at Triumph, Minn., when in- 
 ducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 19 18. Sent to Camp 
 Grant, 111. Did not return to this county after discharge. 
 
 GRAY, Herbert Edwin. Private, 
 
 Born in 1895. T. C. Gray, father, Jacksonville, Texas. Home 
 is at Casper, Wyoming. Was inducted by the Martin County 
 draft board as a non-resident, July 27, 191S, and sent to Camp 
 L,ewis, Washington. 
 
 GUNDERSLEV, Chris. 
 
 Son of Eartel Gunderslev, Winderup. Denmark, where he was 
 born. Was employed in Lake Fremont Twp., when inducted at 
 Fairmont. Minn., July 26, 1918, as private in infantry. Sent to 
 Camp Wadsworth. S. C. 
 
 LADD, Edgar James. Sergeant. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Ladd, Fairmont. Minn. Born at 
 Minneapolis, Minn., June 10, 1891. Enlisted in regular army 
 at Ft. Snelling, Minn., before the war. Served overseas with 
 Supply Co., 122nd Field Artillery, 31st Div. Embarked from 
 Hoboken, N. J., May 18, 1918. 
 
 LADD, Sherman Allen. Private. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Ladd, Fairmont, Minn. Born at 
 Osseo, Minn., Sept. 24, 1896. Resident of Rockford. Jlinn., 
 when inducted at Buffalo, Minn. 
 
 LEWIS, Ralph William. Private. 
 
 Born in 1B93. Non-resident, home is at Ottumwa, Iowa. Was 
 employed at Triumph, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 May 26, 1918. Sent to Camp Lewis, Wash. 
 
 204 
 
LARSON, Olof Anton. Private. 
 
 Non-resident, home is ,it Rock ford. 111. Son of Lars Olson, 
 Kaagtvit, Sweden, Born in 1896. Employed in Martin County 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918, and sent to 
 Camp Grant, III. 
 
 POPE, Percy. 
 
 Rorn in Martin County. Son of Mr. and Mrs. S. P. Pope^ 
 Monterey. Served in the army. Did not return to Martin County 
 upon discharge. 
 
 MAILLARD, Julius Marlin. Private. 
 
 Son i.t' Mr. and Mrs. Earnest Maillard, Corvallis, Oregon. Born 
 at Rock ford, 111., May 2, 1892. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 April JQ. 19 1 8, as private in infantry, N. A. Sent to Camp 
 Dodge. Iowa, and assigned to Co. D, 313th Supply Train. 88th 
 Div. Embarked from Hoboken. N. J., Aug. 23, 19 iS, arriving 
 abroad Sept. 7. 191S. Injured by having foot crushed Sept. 28, 
 igiS, two months in hospital. Returned to U. S. Jan. 25, 1919, 
 discharged at Camp Dodge. Iowa, March 20, 1919. 
 
 MALMEN, John. Private. 
 
 Born in Sweden in 1S89. Son of Nels Malmen, Wexia, Sweden. 
 Employed at Monterey, Minn., when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., 
 June 25, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 PORTER, George W. Private. 
 
 N'on-resiilcnt. Ilnme probably at ^^oline, III. Was called for 
 service on Oct. :;5, 1918, but was in Wyoming and did not reach 
 Fairmont until Nov. 11, 1918. Was inducted and discharged on 
 that date at Camp Dodge. Last man inducted by ]\fartin County 
 draft board. 
 
 PRICE, William Edward. 
 
 Served in army. Born in 1889. .Son of Isaac Price. Posey ville, 
 Ind, Non-resident, home is at Posey ville, Ind. Inducted by 
 the Martin County board on July 25, 1918. for the board of 
 Poseyville, Ind., and sent to Camp Taylor, Ky. 
 
 MANGUN, Gordon J. Son of Mrs. Ella Mangun, 
 Sherburn. Minn. 
 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., April 22, 1897, and resident thereof 
 when enlisted in S. A. T. C. in Oct., 1908. Trained at University 
 of Minnesota. Discharged Dec, 1918. 
 
 PRUISNER, Anton. Private. 
 
 Son of^J. I. Pruisner, Eemis. S. D. Born in 1897. Non-resident, 
 home is at Bemis, S. D. Was employed in Martin County when 
 inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 5, 1918. Sent to Camp' Grant, 
 111. Discharged in Dec, 1919. 
 
 MATTHIAS, August E. Private. 
 
 PRUISNER, Henry. Private. 
 
 Born in 111. in 1892. Home is at Union, 111. Employed for several Son of J. I. Pruisner, Bemis. S. D. Born in 1890. Non-resident, 
 
 years as a farm hand in Martin County. Resided in Rutland home is at Bemis, S. D. Employed in Martin County when in- 
 
 Twp., when inducted at Fairmont,, April 29, 1918. Sent to Camp ducted at Fairmont. Minn., June 25, 1918. Sent to 86th Div. 
 
 Dodge, Iowa. Did not return to Martin County. at Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 MITCHELL, James C. Private. 
 
 Born in 1S96. Non-resident. Home is in Oklahoma. Inducted 
 at Fairmont, Mitm., March 7, igi8, for local board of Oklahoma 
 City, Okla. .Sent to Camp Travis, Texas. 
 
 MORROW, James G. 
 
 Born in 1889. Non-resident, home is in Chicago. Employed at 
 Monterey, Minn, when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., July 26, 
 1918. Sent to Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 
 
 NIELSEN, William. Private. 
 
 Born in 189^. Non-resident. Home is at Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Son of H. P. Nielsen, Kodby, Denmark. Employed in Martin 
 County when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 19 18. Sent 
 to Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 PAYNE, Cady L. 
 
 Son of Mr. and i\Irs. W. W. Payne, Truman, Minn. 
 Resident of Westford Twp., Martin County, when called to service 
 in 1918. Served in the A. E. F. Returned to U. S. and dis- 
 charged late in 1919. 
 
 REICKLEY, Joseph Johnson. Private. Son of 
 
 Conrad H. Reickley. South Bloomingville, Ohio. 
 
 Burn in 1892. Non-resident, home is in Ohio. Employed in 
 Center Creek Twp., Martin County, when inducted in June, 
 1918, and sent to Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 SCHLICHTING, Edward Carl. Private. 
 
 Born in iSSS. Xon resident, claimed Fall River, Wis., as his 
 home. Employed at various times in Nashville Twp., Martin 
 County. Address was Truman, Minn., wlien inducted at Fair- 
 mont, Minn., June 25. 1918. Sent to the 86th Div. at Camp 
 Grant, 111. Returned safely. 
 
 SMITH, H. N. Private. 
 
 Born in 1895. Resident of Plainfield, Iowa, when called to 
 federal service from National Guard at Fairmont, Minn., July 
 15. 1917, as private in infantry. Assigned to Co. E, 136th Inf.. 
 34th Div., at Camp Cody, N. M. Transferred overseas in June, 
 19 18. Was in active service. Returned safely. 
 
 PAYNE, Floyd. Private. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Payne, Truman, Minn. 
 Enlisted in regular army in 1917. Did not serve abroad. Still 
 in service April i, 1920. 
 
 STEINER, Albert. 
 
 Nonresident, home is at Milwaukee. Wis. Registered in Fair- 
 mont and sj.iecially inducted, March 18, 19 18. Taken to Ft. 
 Snelling. Minn. Tried as a diaft evader and convicted. Sen- 
 tenced to fifteen years in Leavenworth Disciplinary Barracks. 
 
 PERSSON, Einar. Private. 
 
 Residence unknown. Inducted at Fairmont, Minn., May 25, 1918. 
 Sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa, and discharged for physical dis- 
 qualifications May z-j, 1918. 
 
 PETERSON, Peter Berk. Private. 
 
 Born in DeiHn;ii k in 1SS7. Sun of Mrs. Rosmine Peterson, 
 Ekart, Jutland, Denmark. Non-resident, home is at Hutchinson, 
 Minn. Employed in Martin County when inducted at Fairmont, 
 June 25, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 111. 
 
 STENZEL, Albert William. Private. 
 
 Born in 1893. Married. Non-resident, home is at Ellsworth, 
 Minn. Employed in Martin County when inducted at Fairmont, 
 Sept. 5, 1918. Sent to Camp Grant, 111. Discharged about Dec, 
 1918. 
 
 THOMPSON. C. Harry. Private. 
 
 Non-resident, home is at Omaha, Neb. Inducted at Fairmont, 
 Minn., June 25, 1918, and sent to Camp Grant. III. 
 
 POPE, Buel. Master Signal Electrician. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. S. P. Pope, Monterey. 
 Born at Martin County, Minn. Served in 191st Aero Squadron. 
 Had arms broken in accident at Wilbur Wright Flying Field, 
 Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 TYLER, Glen. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Tyler, of Granada, Minn. Was 
 in service at Camp Dodge, Iowa, from Sept., 1917, to Feb., 
 igiS. Resides at Mason City, Iowa. 
 
 205 
 
"WARD, Otto. 
 
 Army. X on-resident. Registered at Fairmont, Minn. Enlisted 
 in the army and was sent to Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Dec. 3, 
 1917. 
 
 WARNER, John Alfred. Private. 
 
 Son of C. A. Warner, SliL-rburn. Minn. Born at Chicago. 111., 
 Feb. ] 5, 1S95. Resident of Kim Creek Twp., Martin County, 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn,, June 2$. 19 18, as ].irivate 
 in infantry. Sent to Camp Grant. 111., where he was discliarged 
 ■on physical re-examination for hernia, June 28, 1918. 
 
 WERICK, Charlie. Private. 
 
 Russian nativity. Was employed at Truman, Minn., previous 
 to induction at Fairmont, Minn., June 25, 1918. Sent to Camp 
 Grant, 111., later overseas. Reported to have been killed in 
 action. 
 
 WHITSELL, Arthur W. Corporal. 
 
 .\ge and place of birth miknown. Resided at Truman, Minn., 
 when inducted at Fairmont, Minn., Sept. 21, 191 7. Sent to 
 Camp Dodge. Iowa, and assigned to the 88th Div. Was trans- 
 ferred to another camp and sent overseas and assigned to the 
 9th Inf., 2nd Div. Saw extensive combat service. Returned to 
 V. S. and discharged about July 31, 1919. Did not return to 
 Martin County. 
 
 ZACHARIASON, Willie Howard. Private. 
 
 Son of .S. (.). Zachariason, Elmore, Minn. Resident of East 
 Cliain Twp., ^lartJn County, when inducted at Camp Dodge, 
 Iowa, April 29, igi8. Assigned to 352nd Ambulance Co., 313th 
 Sanitary Train, 88 th Div. Returned safely. 
 
 ZIERKE, Roland H. First Lieutenant. 
 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn. Commissioned in Dental Reserve 
 Corps, Nov. 15, 1917, but never called for service. 
 
 Supplementary 
 
 The following' names have been reported as those of men who entered the military 
 or naval service from ]\Iartin County at some time during the war. No definite rec- 
 ords of their service exist and diligent inquiry has failed to locate them. Some names 
 may be included in error but it is believed that they are entitled to be of record as 
 serving from this countj-. 
 
 GROOM, Abe. 
 HANSEN, Niels. 
 HEASLEY, John O. 
 KNOCKENUS, Fred. 
 LaDUE, Jay B. 
 MITTELSTED, Walter M. 
 PARISCH, Arthur. 
 SUNDERSON, Ben. 
 WARE. Harry. 
 WEDEN, Walter. 
 WHELAN, Harry. 
 WHITSELL, William R. 
 
 206 
 
The Kaiser reviewing troops on the western front The lITe ^olj, • .," • ' ,'^ ""'"';* unsafe for autocracy. Upper left: 
 
 central figures left to*" right -are vSnHiifdenburT Von Ludendorr^^^^ f"^"'"', ^""'^^V """". "S^"'- The three 
 
 hrst adjutant distributing iron crosses. Lower fight" Shi-'e'lose^up' °of l^'r°"Hohe^°.^?;rn'1:;ie Jilll IZlTi iS'^r^o^ops"' "'^ 
 
 207 
 
APPELQUIST, Carl Walter. (1) Seaman Second 
 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. G. .Vppelqnist, 
 
 Dunnell, Alinn. 
 Born at Minncipolis. Minn.. July 3. 1896. Resident of Dunnell. 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., May 20, 1917, as 
 apprentice seaman, U. S. Navy. Assigned to 3rd Bn., 7th Co., 
 at Newport, R. I., for training. Transferred to Naval Jlospital 
 at Portsmouth, N. H., where he was discharged Jan. 17, 1918. 
 
 BRANDT, Clifford Alexander. (9) Chief Mechanic 
 Third Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Brandt, 
 Aladelia, Minn. 
 Born at St. James, Minn., April 19, 1896. Married. Resident 
 of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 
 17, igiS. as Chief Mechanic, 3rd class, U. S. Naval Reserves. 
 Assigned to Co. 32, 8th Bn., 12th Regt., at Great Lakes, 111. Dis- 
 charged Feb. 13, 1919. 
 
 ARP, Leonard Dewey. (:?) Pharmacist's Mate Third 
 Class. Son of Mr. ami Mrs. Chaa. .\rp, Shcrburn, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at .Sherburn. Minn., March 25, 1.S98, where he resided when 
 
 enlisted in the U. S. Navy at Minneapolis, Minn^, May 28, 191S, 
 
 as hospital aoirentice, 2nd class. Trained at Great Lakes, Til. 
 
 Assigned to receiving ship Ray Ridge, and later to U. S. S. 
 
 Kentuckian. Fmbarked from Hoboken, N. J., June 14, 1919. 
 
 making two trips across Atlantic. Discharged at Minneapolis, 
 
 Minn.. Sept 12. 1919. 
 
 AUKOFER, Joseph Melchoir. (:jj Seaman. Son of 
 Mrs. Alary Aukofer, Welcome, Minn. 
 
 Born at Hopkins, Miim.. Oct. 15, 1896. Resident of Welcome, 
 Minn., when enlisted at ^Jinneapolis, Minn., July 24, 1918, as 
 apprentice seaman. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., and Philadel- 
 Ijhia Navy Yard. Transferred to Naval Ease No. 9 at Gibraltar, 
 Spain. .Assigned to U. S. S. Yamacraw- and cruised to Northern 
 Africa, thence to Hoboken, N. J., via .\20res. Transferred to 
 U. S. S. Martha Washington. Was with crew tliat returned 
 2000 interned German prisoners to Holland in June, 1919; re- 
 turned with convoy of troops to U. S. and then accompanied 
 U. S. .\rmenian commission to Constantinople, and Batun, 
 Russia. Released to reserve at New York Nov. 17, 1919. 
 
 AUSTIN, John. (4) Gunner's Mate. Son of Mr. 
 
 and .Mrs. .Albert E. .\ustin. Dunnell, Minn. 
 Born in I\Iartin County, Oct. 14, 1896. Enlisted at Detroit, 
 Mich., in May, 1918, as apprentice for gunner's mate, U. S. N. 
 Released to inactive duty in 1919. No further record. 
 
 BURNS, Gustave Albert. (10) Ensign. Son of Mr. 
 
 .and Mrs. John Hums, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Jan. i8, 1895, at Elmore, Minn. Resident of Fairmont, 
 ^linn.. when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 25, 1918, 
 as Landsman for Machinist's Mate, U. S. N., naval aviation. 
 .Assigned to naval air station at Pensacola, Fla. Still in service 
 having re-enlisted and been commissioned 1920. 
 
 BURNS, George Murray. (11) Second Class Q. M. 
 
 (a). Son of Mr. and Airs. John Burns, Fairmont, 
 
 Alinn. 
 Born at East Chain Twp., Martin County, Minn., Jan. 15, 1897. 
 Resident of Fairmont, ilinn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
 Minn.. June 3, 1918, as Landsman for Q. M. (a), U. S. N. 
 -Assigned to i8ist Co., 4th Regt., receiving ship at St. Helena. 
 Va.. training at Naval Base, Hampton Roads, Va. Transferred 
 to Co. not and Co. 900 at Hampton Roads and to Navy Yard 
 at Charleston, S. C. Released to inactive duty Dec. 6, 1918. 
 
 CARLSON, Rufus Gerhart. (I:.') Fireman. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. P. A. Carlson, Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born at Ogema, Wis., April i, 1898. Resident of Ceylon. Minn., 
 when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., May 13, 1918, as apprentice 
 seaman. L'. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes. 111., and Navy Yard, 
 Norfolk. \'a., Washington, D. C, and Philadelphia. Assigned 
 to U. S. S. Yale, and assigned to convoy duty in English 
 Channel. Made 85 round trips across channel. Returned to 
 U. S. May 22, 1919, discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., Aug. 5, 
 1919. 
 
 AUSTIN, William Winslow. (.5) Seaman. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. .-Xlbert E. Austin, Dunnell, Alinn. 
 
 Born at that place June 8. 1900. ATarried. Employed at St. 
 Peter, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn.. March 5, 
 J917. as seaman in L^. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes. 111. As- 
 signed to v. S. S. Wyoming, at Norfolk, Va. Embarked from 
 Hampton Roads, Va., Nov. 25, 1917, arriving at Sca[>a Flow, 
 Orkney Islands, Dec. 8, 1917. Witll British Grand I'"leet in 
 North Sea and other hostile waters for 13 months. While on 
 Wyoming that ship sunk one submarine and fired on others. 
 Present at surrender of German Fleet Nov. 21, 1918. Returnetl 
 to U. S. Dec. 25, 1918, and discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 July 21, 1919. 
 
 BAUM, John Christopher, (li) Gunner's Mate First 
 Class. I'.ironts deceased. 
 
 Born at Alinneapolis, Alinn., Nov. 24. 1900. Resident of Wel- 
 come, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. s, 
 1917, as apprei.tice seaman, XJ. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 
 111., and at Navy Yards, Charleston, S. C. Transferred to naval 
 aviation. Engaged in hostile waters in pursuit of submarines. 
 Discharged at Great Lakes, 111., Alarch 17, 1919. 
 
 BENSON N. Martin. (7) Quartermaster Third 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Airs. A. P. Benson, Wm- 
 terset, Iowa. 
 Born at Wahoo, Neb., Oct. 18, 1899. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at J^Inineapolis, Minn., May 14, 1918, as 
 apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. As- 
 signed to receiving ship at Norfolk, A'a. Assigned to U. S. 
 S. Alabama. Made one trans-. \tlantic trip with freight cargo. Re- 
 turned to LT. S. May 18, 1919, discharged at Great Lakes, 111., 
 July 2, 1919. 
 
 CHAMBERLAIN, Ray C. (13) Fireman First Class. 
 
 Son of C. C. Chamberlain, Granada, Alinn. 
 Born at Albert Lea, Minn., Jan. i, 1897. Resident of Granada, 
 Alinn., when enlisted at Alinneapolis, Minn.. July 15, 1918, as 
 fireman 3rd class, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. First 
 assigned to U. S. S. Kentucky at Hampton Roads, Va. Trans- 
 ferred to U. S. S. Chester at Harwick, England. Embarked 
 for foreign waters from Hoboken, N. J., Dec. 29, 1918. in con- 
 voy service. Plied between Harwick, England and Hamburg, 
 Russian ports, Gibraltar, Brest and New York. Returned to 
 V. S. Alay 17. 1919, released at Alinneapolis, Minn., Aug. 12, 
 1919. 
 
 CHRISTIANSON, Clarence O. (14) Musician. Son 
 
 of Air. and Airs. John Christianson, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at l-'airmont. Minn.. Nov. 24. 1894. and resided there when 
 enlisted Tan. 8. 1918, at Alinneapolis, Alinn.. as musician in the 
 U. S. N" Assigned to 4th Regime'nt Band at Great Lakes, 111. 
 Transferred to Receiving Ship at Philadelphia. Pa. Transferred 
 to ship's band, L^. S. S. Buffalo. Embarked from New York 
 Oct. 6, 1918, arriving at Plymouth. England, Nov. 6. 1918. Ar- 
 rived back in U. S. Dec. 31, 1918, and released to inactive duty 
 at Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 CHUTE, Fred Burton. (\:<) Boatswain Second Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Chute, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., April i, 1894, where he resided when 
 enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn., April 14, 1918, as apprentice 
 seaman, U. S. N. .Assigned to Camp Paul Jones, Great Lakes, 
 111., for training. Transferred to U. S. S. New Hampshire at 
 Brooklyn Navy V'ard and to sea duty with U. S. coast patrol. 
 Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., July 4, 1919- 
 
 BLANCK, Walter Henry. (.S) Pharmacist's Mate 
 First Class. Son of Airs. Theresa Blanck, I'air- 
 mont, Alinn. 
 
 Born at Fairmont, Alinn.. .\pril 30, 1900. Resident of Fairmont, 
 when enlisted at AJilwaukee, Wis., Feb. 17, 1917, as hospital 
 apprentice, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. Assigned 
 Aug. 2, 1917, to U. S. S. Culgoa. In Carribean Sea at time 
 of German raiders. No engagement. During remainder of war 
 Culgoa was tender to destroyer flotilla in English Channel. Bay 
 of Biscay, Irish Sea and .Atlantic ocean. Returned to U. S. 
 Aug. 20, 1919. Discharged at San Francisco, Calif., June 15, 
 1920. 
 
 COLVIN, Oscar David. (Hi) Seaman. Son of Air. 
 and Airs. C. E. Colvin, Sherburn, Alinn. 
 
 Born Aug. 3, 1898 at State Center, Iowa. Resided at Sherburn. 
 Aiinn., when enlisted at Alinneapolis, Alinn., Oct. 9, 1917, as 
 apprentice seaman in U. S. N. Assigned to Co. 36, 12th Regt., 
 at Great Lakes, 111. Transferred to U. S. receiving ship at 
 Philadelphia, to receiving barracks at Queenstown. Ireland, and 
 to U. S. S. Ammen. Embarked from New York, Alarch 6, 1918, 
 arriving at Liverpool, Alarch 16, 1918. Was a big gun pointer 
 and saw many submarine attacks. Returned to U. S. Jan. 2, 
 1919, and discharged Alay 19, 1919- 
 
 209 
 
COULT, Benjamin Willard. (1) Ensign. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. J. U. Coiilt, Fairmont. Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 7, 1895. Resided at Fairmont 
 when enlisted at Jacksonville, Florida, Dec. 12. 1917. as seaman 
 2nd class, U. S. Naval Reserve Force. Assigned to U. S. S. 
 Scranton at Xew York, training at Pelham Bay, New Vork. 
 Promoted Ensign Aug. 10, 191S. Embarked from New \ ork. 
 Sept. 30, igi8, arriving abroad Oct. 11, 1918. Returned to 
 U. S. Feb., 1919, and released to inactive duty at New York, 
 March i,^ 1919. 
 
 ENGELDORF, Lars John, ci) Chief Mechanic 
 First Class. 
 
 Born in Sweden, April .'.i, iSo.v Resident of Triumph, Jlinn., 
 when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn.. July 13. 1917. as a appren- 
 tice seaman. U. S. N. Trained at Norfolk. Va. Assigned to U. 
 S. S. Cavama, later to U. S. S. Melville. Served for sixtceii 
 months in the U. S. naval forces in Europe. Then returned 
 to U. S. and cruised to Cuba and Porto Rico. Member of crew 
 in convov to trans-Atlantic Aerial flight in June. 1919. Last 
 duty at Panama Canal Zone. Discharged at San Diego, Calif., 
 Nov. 3, 1919. 
 
 FOLLETT, Fred John. C!) Electrician Third Class 
 Radio. Son of Mr. and Mrs. H. W. Follett, Fair- 
 mont, 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn.. Feb. 7, 1898, where he resided when 
 enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., .April 15, 1918, as radio operator, 
 U. S. N. Assigned to naval radio school, (ireat Lakes, 111., and 
 Harvard L'niversity, Cambridge, Mass., where he was released 
 to inactive duty Feb. 16, 1919. 
 
 GROTH, Chester E. (9 } Musician Second Class. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Aug. CTrotli, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Alpha, Minn., Tan. 27, 1900. Resident of Sherburn, 
 Minn., when enlisted at jlinneapolis, Feb. 8, 1918, as apprentice 
 seaman in U. S. N. Assigned to 47th Co., 8th Regt. at Great 
 Lakes, 111. Transferred to 2nd Regt. Band, Discharged March 
 24, 1919, at Great Lakes, 111. 
 
 HANSEN, Lucian J. (10) Electrician Second Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. L. H. Hansen, Welcome, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Rollins Green Twp., Martin County, March 15, 1900. 
 Resident of Welcome, Minn., when enlisted Aug. 1, 1918, at 
 Minneapolis, Minn., as apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained 
 at Great Lakes, 111. Served on LI. S. S. Minnesota and Indian- 
 apolis, also on receiving ship at Norfolk, Va. Embarked from 
 Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 20, 1918, making two trans-.\tlantic 
 trips to French and English ports. Returned to U. S. July 3, 
 1919, discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., July 22, 1919. 
 
 HELGESON, Gail Phelps. (11) Ensign. Son of 
 
 .Mr. and .Mrs. .Andrew Helgeson, Litchfield, Mmn. 
 
 Born at Milnor, N. D., Tune 16, 1889. Served 2 years in Minne- 
 sota National Guard. Superintendent of schools at Sherburn, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., May 6. I9i». as 
 seaman 2nd class, U. S. naval reserve force. I rained at Camp 
 Farragut. Great Lakes, 111., University of Chicago New \ ork 
 City and Pelham Bay. Assigned to duty at Philadelphia Navy 
 Yard. Promoted to Ensign .\pril 26, 1919. Still in service at 
 Philadelphia Navy Yard, June i, 1919- 
 
 FORSTROM, William Arthur. (4) Seaman. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Mathilda Forstrom, Dunnell, Minn. 
 Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, April 24, 1896, 
 and resident of that place when enlisted May 7, 1917, at Minne- 
 apolis, Minn., as api>rentice seaman. V. .S. N. Trained at Great 
 Lakes, III. Transferred to receiving ship at Philadelphia and 
 later to City Park Barracks, Brooklyn, N. Y. .\ssigned to 
 U. S. S. Tidewater. Embarked from New York, July 7, 1918, 
 making various foreign ports. Returned to V. S. Dec. 13, 1918. 
 Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., July 18. 1919. 
 
 3EMMEL, Lloyd. (5) Seaman. Son of Duncan 
 
 Geniniill, Dunnell, Minn. 
 Born at Grand Junction, Iowa, July, 1899. Resident of Lake 
 Fremont Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., about Aug. II, 1918, as apprentice seaman, U. S. N. 
 Sent to Norfolk. \'a., and assigned to U. S. S. destroyer "Champ- 
 lin." Still in service June i, 1920. 
 
 HORNE, Alfred Dewey. 0~) Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. .Alfred Home, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Chatfield. Minn., Tune 7, 1S98. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Madison, Wis., Oct. i, 1918.. as ap- 
 prentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at University of Wisconsin, 
 Madison, Wis. Released to inactive duty April 23, 1919- 
 
 HOWELL, Robert J. (I!) Carpenter Second Class. 
 
 Son of >ir. and Mrs. Henry G. Howell, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Jay Twp., Martin County, June 12, 1897. Resident of 
 Fairmont Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., Dec. 10, 1917, in U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 
 ill., transferred to Naval Air Base at Camp Glenn, N. C., and 
 placed in charge of concrete construction work. Discharged 
 at Minneapolis, Minn., July 3, i9i9- 
 
 GRADBERG, Enoch Walford. (H) Ship's Cook Sec- 
 ond Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Ole Gradberg, 
 Dunnell, Minn. 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., Oct. 12, 1898. Resident of Lake 
 Fremont Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., Mav 7, 1917. as apprentice seaman, \J. S. N. Trained 
 at Great Lakes, III. Assigned to U. S. S. Henderson. Embarked 
 from Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 20, 1918 on first voyage. Served 
 o^•erseas. Returned to U. S. after service abroad, July 20, 1919, 
 discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., Aug. 11, 1919. 
 
 GRADBERG, Eskil Nicholaus. (7) Chief Carpen- 
 ter's Mate (Chief Petty Officer). Son of Mr. and 
 
 ^Irs. Olc Gradberg, Dunnell, Minn. 
 Resident of Dunnell when enlisted at Des Moines, Iowa, May 
 25, 1916, as shipwright in U. S. N. Trained 6 months at U. S. 
 Naval Artificers School, Portsmouth, Va. Assigned to U. S. S. 
 Richmond at Norfolk, Va. Transferred to U. S. S. Delaware 
 and permanently assigned thereto. Left Lynnhaven Roads, Va., 
 Nov. 25, 1917, with first U. S. fleet to participate in war. Joined 
 British Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, Dec. 7, 
 1917, operating with British fleet during war. In attacks by 
 submarines oft' Norwegian coast, Feb. 8, 1918 and off Heligoland, 
 Tune 30, 1918. In convoy of U. S. minelayers operating at 
 entrance to .Vorth Sea and Kiel Canal. Returned to U. S. Aug. 
 12, 1918. Enlistment expired May 24, 1920. 
 
 GRAHAM, Robert Lewis. (S) Naval Musician. Son 
 
 of Jnhn Graham. Sherburn, ^Nlinn. 
 Married, one child. Born at Albert Lea, Minn., Jan. s, 1890. 
 Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
 Minn. Feb. 8, 19 18, as apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Assigned 
 to 67th Co. at Great Lakes, III Transferred to 8th Regt. band, 
 later to Bn. Band, Great Lakes, III. Discharged Dec. 17, 1918, 
 at Great Lakes, 111. 
 
 JENSEN, Fred. (14) Engineer Second Class. Son 
 
 of Peter Jensen, Guckeen, Minn. 
 Born at Hampton, Iowa, Nov. 10, 1891. Employed at Omaha, 
 Neb., when enlisted at that place July 2, 1917. as fireman 2nct 
 class U S. N. Assigned to receiving ship at Bremerton, Wash. 
 Transferred to Norfolk, Va. Assigned to sea duty on the mme 
 layer "Lickens" Ian. 26, 1918, leaving port Jan. 28, 1918. Iwo 
 days out the ship was damaged and abandoned in a storm. VVas 
 in the water 27 hours before picked up by the crew of a des- 
 troyer. Returned to naval hospital at Brooklyn and in bed as 
 result of exposure until May 10, 19 18. Discharged at Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. Sept. 9. i9'9- 
 
 JONES, John. (15) Fireman First Class. Parents 
 deceased. Foster son of Dan Harris, Fairmont, 
 Minn. 
 Born at Liberty, Mo., August 8, 1896. Resident of Silver Lake 
 Twp., when enlisted at Omaha. Neb., April 16, 1917 as fireman 
 3rd class, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. Assigned to 
 U S S Culgoa at New York. Embarked from New York. 
 Au". s, 1918, making six trans-Atlantic trips, twice with convoys, 
 four times bringing back troops. Discharged at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., Aug. 21, 1919- 
 
 JESSEN, Carl Richard. (16) Seaman First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Jessen, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Northville, S. D., Feb. 11, 1S99. Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn.. April 23, 1917, as 
 apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes 111. and 
 Boston Navy Yard. Assigned to U. S. b. Melville. Embarked 
 from Boston, May 11, 1917, arriving at Queenstown, Ireland, 
 Mav " 1917. Served continuously in foreign and hostile waters 
 unt'il armistice. Transferred to U. S. S. Shaw. Cited for 
 bravery by his commanding officer for rescue ot a child. Dis- 
 charged at Minneapolis, Minn., July 29, 1919- 
 
 211 
 
KAUDER, Wesley Albright. (1) Seaman. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Kauder, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born April 15, 189?, at Delevan, Minn, Resident of Fairmont. 
 Minn., wlien enlisted .Vpril 23, 1917, at Minneapolis, Minn., as 
 apprentice seaman in the U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 
 III. .Assigned to U. S. S. Melville, at lioston, Mass. Embarked 
 from Roston, Mass., May 11, 19 17, arriving at Qtieenstown, Ire- 
 land, ilay 22, 1917. Served on the Melville in hostile foreign 
 waters until Nov. 11, 1918. Made cruise to .Azores islands with 
 convoy of Seai)lanes NC-3 and NC-4 on their transcontinental 
 flight j\Iay-June, igig. Arrived in U. S. Jan, 26, 1919, and 
 discharged .\ug. 19, igrg. 
 
 LUNDE, Oscar Henry. (;j) Petty Officer Second 
 Class. Son of .Mr. and Mrs. Nels Lunde, Granada, 
 Minn, 
 
 Born .May 21, 1896, at Kast Chain Twp., Martin County, and 
 resident thereof when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 25, 
 1918. as carpenter in aviation section of U. S. N. Assigned 
 to 36th Co.. 7th Regt., at Pensacola, Fla. Transferred succes- 
 sively during training period to League Island Navy Yard, 
 Philadelphia. Pa., and Buffalo Curtis -Air Craft Factory. Em- 
 barked from Iloboken, N. J., June 7, 1918, arriving at St. Naz- 
 aire, France, June ig, 1918. Returned to U. S. Jan. 24, 1919, 
 and released to inactive duty Feb. 17, igig. 
 
 KENDALL, Earl Glen. {::) Seaman Second Class. 
 
 .'^on of Air. and .Mrs. E. S. Kundall, Triuniiili, 
 .Minn. 
 
 Born at Fo.K Lake Twp., Martin County, Minn., April 2, 1900. 
 Resident of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 July 6, 1918, as apprentice seaman, V. S. N. Trained at Dun- 
 woody Institute, Minneapolis, and at I-eague Island Navy Yard, 
 Philadelphia. Embarked on U. S. S. Polar Bear from Baltimore, 
 Md., Dec. 19, 1918, arriving at Bordeaux, France, Dec. 24, igiS. 
 .Also made four trips on U. S. S. Santa Rosa. Returned to 
 U. S. .Sept. 18, 1919, released to inactive duty at New York 
 Oct. 2, 1919. 
 
 KEYES, Raymond E. CD Musician First Class. S.m 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Ed Kej'es, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., March 7, 1895, where he resided when 
 enlisted at ilinneajjolis, Minn., July 20, 1917, as musician in L'. S. 
 .\. Trained at Norfolk, \'a., and Pelliam Bay, N. \'. .Assigned 
 to v. S. S. Frederick, later to U. .S. S. New .Mexico. Served 
 in Brazilian waters and later made eight traiis-Atlantic trips in 
 transport and convoy service. Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 Aug. 30, 1919. 
 
 KRAMER, William R. ( 4 ) Water Tender. Son of 
 
 Mrs. Dora Kramer, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born March 27, 1889, at Cook county^ 111. l-lnnloyed at Sioux 
 City, Iowa, when enlisted at that place May 15, 1918, as 3rd 
 CI. Fireman, LI, S. N. .Assigned to U. .S. S. Kentucky after train- 
 ing at (ireat Lakes, 111. Later assigned to V, S. S. Jean. Mado 
 two trans-. \tlantic trips with cargo, and one to Rio de Janeiro, 
 Brazil. Released to inactive duty June 9, 19 19. 
 
 KRUMHOLZ, Joseph August. (.">) Yeoman. Son of 
 Mr. and Mrs. August Krumholz, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, March 2, 1886. 
 ICmployed by the government at Burns. Oregon, when enlisted 
 April 18, 1917, at Portland, Oregon, as landsman for Yeoman, 
 U. S. N. Was on recruiting service and duty at Naval Training 
 Base, San Diego, Calif., until discharged at that jilace in May, 
 1919, 
 
 MADSEN, Eddie Peter. (KM Boatswain's Mate Sec- 
 ond Class. Son of .\lr. and Mrs. I'etcr Madsen, 
 Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born July 10, 1898, at Sheihurn, Minn., and resident of that 
 place when enlisted July 30. 1915, as apprentice seaman in U. S. 
 N. Served on LI. S. S. Nevada, and LItah. Made six trans- 
 -Atlantic trips to France, one to Italy. In two successful en- 
 counters with hostile submarines. Discharged July g, 1919. 
 
 MARVIN, Vincent V. (11) Boatswain's Mate First 
 Class. Son of .Mrs. C. E. Coleman, I^'airmont, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Lawler, Iowa, Jan. 22, 1S93. Was in service when war 
 was declared, April 6, 1917, having served continuously in U. S. 
 Navy since Jan. 23, 1910, enlisting at St. Paul, Minn. During 
 entire war he was on the V. S. S. .Anniston as convoy to sub- 
 marine chasers to the Bermudas and .Azores. In two encounters 
 with submarines. Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., .Aug. 9, 
 igig. Re-enlisted 1920. 
 
 MOELLER, Harry. (12) Apprentice Seaman. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Hans Mnullcr. Shorlmrn, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn.. Aiiril 7, 1889, and resident thereof 
 when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn., June 6, 1918, as apprentice 
 seaman in U. S. N. Trained nt Great Lakes, 111., and Washing- 
 ton, D. C. Discharged Jan. 16, 1919. 
 
 MOORE, Clarence Raymond, (i;;) Seaman Second 
 Class. Son of Air. and Mrs. I'Vank Moore, Winne- 
 bago, Minn. 
 
 Born Jan. 28, 1903. at Murray, Iowa. Resided in Nashville 
 Twp., Martin County, when enlisted May 21, 191S, at Mason 
 City, Iowa, as apprentice seaman. U. S. N. Trained at Great 
 Lakes, 111., assigned to LT. S. S. Ludonia. Embarked from New 
 \ ork, June 29, igi8. arriving at Liverpool, England, July 16, 
 T918. Stationed on destroyer in Mediterranean sea, operating out 
 of Gibraltar. Returned to U. S. Nov. ir, 1918. Discharged at 
 Brooklyn, X. V., Jan. 10, igig. 
 
 LANGMAN, Harley Richard, ((i) Chief Mechanic's 
 Mate. Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. V. Langnian, Fair- 
 mont, Minn. 
 Born at Nashville Twp,, Martin County, Feb. 12, 1S95. Resident 
 of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Washington, D. C, June 7, 
 19 18, as machinist's mate 2nd class, aviation section, U. S. 
 naval reserve. Trained at League Island Navy Yard, Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. Served at naval aviation camps in Pauillac, France, 
 and Eastleigh, England. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 
 10, 1918, arriving at Brest, >^rance, July 21, 1 9 1 8. Returned 
 to XJ. S. Dec. 16, 1918, discharged Feb. i, 1919- 
 
 NEEDHAM, Melvin Austin. (14) Fireman Second 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. D. \V. Needham, 
 Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Ogden, Iowa, June 24, 1890. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneai)olis, Minn., May 8, 19 18, as 
 apprentice for fireman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., 
 assigned to LT. S. S. Virginia at Hampton Roads, \'^a. Embarked 
 from Base 2, Yorktown, Va., Oct. 9, igi8, arriving at Brest, 
 France. Oct. 21, 1918. Made seven trans- Atlantic trips. Re- 
 turned to LT. S. July 4, 1919, released to inactive duty at Minne- 
 apolis, Minn.. July 18, 1919. 
 
 LARSEN, Charles W. (7) Landsman Electrician. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. L. W. Larstn, Sherburn, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., May 26, 1892, where he resided when 
 enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 26, 19 18, as landsman elec- 
 trician, radio. U. S. N. Trained at Dunwoody Institute, Minne- 
 apolis, and U. S. naval radio school at Harvard University, 
 Cambridge, Mass., serving at the latter place until discharged Feb. 
 15, 1919. 
 
 LEWIS, Will, (s) Fireman First Class. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Fred Lewis, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born at Searenville, 111.. March 9, 1897. Resident of Winne- 
 bago, Minn., when enlisted at Portland, Oregon. June 3, 19 18, 
 as fireman 3rd class, LT. S. N. Assigned to receiving ship at 
 Puget Sound. Wash. Also trained at U. S. Training Station, 
 Bremerton, Wash., and U. S. S. West IClcajon. Transferred 
 to New York and assigned to U. S. S. Prinz l''riedrick Wilhelm. 
 Made three trips with troops between Brest and Hoboken. Dis- 
 charged at Hoboken, N. J., Nov. 25, 1919. 
 
 NELSEN, Fred J. (15) First Class Baker. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Nelsen, Dtinnell, Minn. 
 Born at Cook County, III., May 7, 18S9. Emidoyed at High- 
 light, Wyoming, when enlisted at Minneapolis, ^linn., July 16. 
 19 1 8, as baker in LT. S. N. Trained at Dunwoody Institute, 
 Minneapolis, also at Receiving Ship, Norfolk, \'a. Assigned to 
 sea duty on LT. S. S. "Elsol" in November, 1918, making six 
 trips in the transport service. Released to inactive duty at 
 Minneapolis. Minn., Sept. 2, 19 ig. 
 
 NELSON, George Edward. (10) Machinist's Mate 
 First Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. G. O. Nel- 
 son, Fairmont. Minn. 
 
 Born at Moline, 111., Nov. 24. 1895. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 25, 19 18, as 
 landsman for machinist's mate, U. S. Navy, naval aeronautics. 
 Trained at U. S. Naval Air Station at Pensacola, Florida. Dis- 
 charged Feb. 27, 19 19. 
 
 213 
 
NICHOLSON, William H. (l) Machinist's Mate 
 Second Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Nichol- 
 son, Chicago, III. 
 Born at Chicago, III.. Sept. 28. 1896. Resident of Truman, Minn., 
 when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., July 19, 1918, as landsman 
 for machinist's mate, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, ]11. 
 Released to inactive duty at Great Lakes. 111., April 12, 1919. 
 
 NONNEMAN. Frank C. {?,) Machinist's Mate First 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Nonneman, Fra- 
 ser Township, Martin County. Minn. 
 
 Born March 26, 1896. at Iroquois County. III. Resident of 
 Fraser Twp. when cnlislrd a Minneapolis, Minn.. Jan. 27, 1918. 
 as landsman for machinist mate, naval air service. Assigned 
 to 1st Squadron Aerial Training Gunners, Pensocola, Florida. 
 Discharged March 29, 1919. 
 
 NORDSTROM, Carl August. (3) Seaman Second 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. August Nordstrom, 
 Triumph, Minn. 
 Born at Triumph, Minn., Sept. 4, 1899, and resident thereof 
 when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 7, 191 8, as appren- 
 tice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. Discharged 
 at Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 8, 1919. 
 
 ipi8, as landsman quartermaster in naval aviation. Trained at 
 Great Lakes, 111., and Pensacola, Fla., where he served as a 
 machinist on naval aeroplanes in an expert capacity. Released 
 to inactive duty at Pensacola, Fla., March 25, 1919. 
 
 SWEARINGEN, John Arthur. (10) First Class 
 Electrician, Radio. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. T. 
 Swearingen, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Burn at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 3, 1895, where he resided when 
 enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Nov. i, 191 7, as landsman for 
 electrician, radio, U. S. naval reserve force. Trained at Great 
 Lakes, 111., and at U. S. Naval Wireless Telephone School, 
 Harvard L^niversity. Cambridge, Mass. Served as instructor in 
 wireless telejihony in school at New London, Conn. Released 
 to inactive duty at New London, Conn., Jan. 9, 1919. 
 
 TANNER, Chester O. (11) Captain. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Martha Tanner. Fairmont, Minn. 
 r.orn Jan. 27, 1892. at Fairmont. Minn. Married, i child. Resi- 
 dent of Minneapolis, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, April 
 I J, 1917. as Lt. Jr. Grade. Medical Corps. U. S. N. Trained 
 at Great Lakes, 111. Embarked from Philadelphia, Pa., May 31, 
 1917, remaining on duty in foreign waters or abroad until May 
 24, 1919. Served with destroyer patrol in English channel, with 
 navy Base Hospital at Brest and as member of navy operation 
 team at Chateau Thierry, June to Sept., 1919- Still in service 
 Sept. I, 1920. 
 
 OLSON, Knute Oscar. (4) Electrician Second Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. Gus Olson, Dunnell, Minn. 
 Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, and resident thereof 
 when enlisted at Chicago, 111., March 8, 1918, as landsman for 
 electrician, U. S. N. Trained at Newport, Rhode Island, and 
 at Electrical School, Hampton Roads, Va. Discharged Feb. 28, 
 1919. 
 
 PACKARD, Dale Henry. (5) Fireman Third Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Mary Packard, Ceylon. Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., Aug. 4. 1S96. Resident of Ceylon, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn., July 30, 1918, 
 as apprentice seaman. U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. 
 Discharged at Norfolk, Va., Jan. 24, 19 19. 
 
 PETERSON, Wallace E. (G) Musician First Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. L. E. Peterson, Dunn ell, 
 Minn. 
 
 Born Oct. 22, 1889, at Boone county, Iowa. Resident of Bunnell, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., May 7, 191 7, for 
 service in the navy as a musician. Trained at Great Lakes, 
 111. Served at LT. S. Submarine Base and Aero Station. Cocosolo, 
 Canal Zone, April 17, 1918 to August i, 19 19. Discharged 
 Aug. I, 1 919, at Cocosolo, Canal Zone. Returned to U. S. 
 Sept. 6, 1919- 
 
 SALZMAN, Walter Henry. (7) Seaman Second 
 Class. Son of ^ir. and Mrs. F. W. Salzman. Tri- 
 umph, Minn. 
 Resident of Fox Lake Twp., Martin County, when enlisted June 
 5, 1918. at Peoria. 111. as seaman 2nd class, U. S. naval reserve. 
 Trained at Great Lakes, 111. Transferred to Naval Training 
 Station at Detroit, Mich. Discharged at Detroit, Mich., Feb. 
 26, 1919. 
 
 SPIEGLER, Harry Marten. (S) Seaman First Class. 
 
 Son of I\ir. and Mrs. Wm. Spiegler, Triumph. 
 Minn. 
 
 Born at Martin County, Minn., Jan. 27, 1897. Resident of 
 Galena Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., June 1, 1918, as apprentice seaman in U. S. N. Sent to 
 Bremerton, Wash., for training. Assigned to U. S. S. Gotomeka 
 at Seattle. Embarked from Seattle Aug., 1918. Took cargo 
 to South America (Quillata. Chili J, cargo of saltpeter to New 
 Orleans, then to France with cargo, arriving St. Nazaire, Nov. 
 10, 1918 — three trips in all. Returned to U. S. June, 1919. Dis- 
 charged at Minneapolis, Minn., June 13, 1919. 
 
 SWANSON, John Edwin. (U) Machinist's Mate 
 First Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. L. J. Swanson, 
 Dunnell, Minn. 
 
 Born at Lake Fremont Twp.. Martin County, May 23, 1890. and 
 resident thereof when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Feb. 2, 
 
 THOMAS, James Russell. (12) First Lieutenant, 
 U. S. Navy Medical Corps, Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 David Thomas, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., Jan. 22, 1890. Resident of Chicago, 
 111., when enlisted at Great Lakes, 111., in April, 1917, as medical 
 officer in Navy Medical Corps. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., 
 and at Base 17, Alness, Scotland. Assigned to duty on board 
 "Nucleus" at Liverpool. England. Embarked from New York. 
 May 7, 19 18, and remained in service in foreign waters until 
 the cessation of hostilities. Returned to V. S. on leave in Sept. 
 1919, then assigned to station in island of Guam, South Seas. 
 Still in service Sept. i, 1920. 
 
 TRUE, Howard Victor. (13) Seaman Second Class. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. L. True, Granada, Minn. 
 Born Sept. 23, 1895, at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, and 
 resident thereof when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., April 4, 
 19 1 8, as apprentice seaman, L^^. S. N. Served at Great Lakes, 
 111., and on training ship "Connecticut" at Norfolk, Va. Dis- 
 charged at Minneapolis, Minn., Feb. 16, 1919- 
 
 WADE, Harold Eugene. (14) Quartermaster Avia- 
 tion Second Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. F. E. 
 Wade, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Sheldon, Iowa, Oct. 4, 1888. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 28, 1918, as 
 landsman for quartermaster, aviation. U. S. naval reserve. 
 Trained at Dun woody Institute, Minneapolis. Transferred to 
 receiving shij) at Philadelphia, Pa. Embarked from Philadel- 
 phia, via Quebec, U. S. S. "Beltana" Sept. 10, 1918, arriving 
 at Plymouth. England, Oct. 11, 1918. Served at Naval Air 
 Stations at Killingholme, England, and Brest, France. Returned 
 to U. S. Nov. 24, 1918. released to inactive duty at Pelham 
 Bay Naval Station, N. Y., Dec. 22, 1918. 
 
 WALKER, Clarence Alfred. (15) Seaman. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John H. Walker, Yorkville, 111. 
 Born at Kane County, 111., Jan. 26, 1897. Resident of Fairmont 
 Twp., Martin County, when enrolled June 29, 1918, as apprentice 
 seaman in the naval reserve, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 
 111. Performed duty at Naval Rifle Range. \'a.. Caldwell, N. J., 
 and receiving ship, New York. Released to inactive duty at 
 Great Lakes, 111., Aug. 30, 1919. 
 
 WILLIAMS, Charles Oliver. (16) Carpenter's Mate 
 Second Class. Son of John T. Williams, Whiting, 
 Kansas. 
 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., Nov. 27, 1917, as fireman in U. S. N. Trained at Great 
 Lakes, 111., and battle ship "Maine." Assigned to U. S. S. 
 Agamemnon at New York, March 21, 19 18. Made thirteen trips 
 between Hoboken and Brest. Was in one submarine attack. 
 Transferred to U. S. S. Charleston (protected cruiser) and made 
 voyage from New York to Bremerton, Wash., via Virgin Islands 
 and Panama Canal. Discharged at Denver, Colo., July 6, i9'9- 
 
 215 
 
WILLIAMS, Chester Abbie. (l) Seaman Second 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Williams, Ma- 
 son City, Iowa. 
 Born at Madelia, Minn., July 8, 1893. Resident of Triumph, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Des Moines, Iowa, Dec. 11, 191 7, as 
 apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111. Trans- 
 ferred to Naval Air Station at Long Island, X. Y. Discharged at 
 Great Lakes, 111., June 28, 1919. 
 
 WOOD, RoUo George. (4) Pharmacist's Mate First 
 
 Class. Son of W. G. Wood, Granada, Minn. 
 Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, Sept. 16, 1898. 
 Resident of Grenada when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., Nov. 
 15, 1916, as apprentice in hnspital corps, U. S. N. Trained at 
 naval hospital corps school at Newport, R. I. Transferred to 
 Naval Hospital at Port Royal. S. C, when war hegan. Transferred 
 to Marine Barracks, Philadelphia Navy Yard, for overseas duty 
 with 6th Marines at Naval Base Hospital No. i. Arrived at 
 Brest, France. Nov. 2, 19 17, remaining on duty abroad until 
 troops were returned to U. S. Discharged August, 1920. 
 
 WENBERG, Walter E. (2) Chief Yeoman. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Airs. August Wcnberg, DunncU, Minn. 
 Born at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, June 26, 1890. 
 Married. Resident of Dunnell. !Minn., when enlisted at Minne- 
 apolis, Minn., May 5, 1917, as landsman for Yeoman. U. S. N. 
 Trained at Newport. R. I. and U. S. Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Made three trans- Atlantic trips with troops and supplies. On 
 "Scranton" when disabled by storm and compelled to return 
 to port. Discharged at Brooklyn, N. Y., May 24, 1919. 
 
 WOLLIN, Richard Henry. (5) Quartermaster, Avi- 
 ation, Second Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank 
 Wollin, Utica, Minn., where he was born Feb. 7, 
 1S90. 
 Married. Principal of schools at Truman, Minn., when enlisted 
 at Minneapolis, ^linn., June 10, 1918, as landsman for aviation, 
 U. S. N. Sent to Dunwoody Institute, Minneapolis, for training. 
 Transferred to receiving ship at Philadelphia, Pa. Assigned later 
 to active duty at LT. S. Naval Air Station at Chatham, Mass., 
 lemaining there until released to inactive duty at Boston, ilass., 
 Jan. 14, 1919. 
 
 WINZENBERG, William Henry. (3) Chief Machin- 
 ist's Mate. Son of Mrs. Maud Winzenberg, Gran- 
 ada. Minn. 
 
 Born at Center Creek Twp., Martin County, Minn., Oct. 21, 1891. 
 
 Resident of Granada, Minn., when enlisted Feb. 24, 19 13. 
 
 Continuously in service and re-enlisted at Minneapolis, ]Minn.. 
 
 July 12, 1917. Served on U. S. S. Princess Irene, Comfort and 
 
 Druid. Served in Mediterranean waters Oct., 191 7 to Dec, 
 
 1918. Released to inactive duty Jan. 20, 1919, at New London, 
 
 Conn. 
 
 YOUNGDALE, C. J. (6) Machinist's Mate First 
 
 Class. Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Youngdale, 
 
 Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born in Sweden, Feb. 21. 1898. Resident of East Chain Twp., 
 Martin County, when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., July 5, 
 1918, as apprentice for macliinist's mate, U. S. N. Trained at 
 Dimwoody Institute, Minneapolis, Minn. Transferred to New 
 York and assigned to L'. S. S. Orizaba. Embarked from New 
 \'ork Feb. 2^, 1919. Made seven trips with transports to St. 
 Nazaire, Brest, Bordeaux and Cherbourg. Returned to U. S. 
 Aug. 29, 1919, discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 8, 1919- 
 
 216 
 
No photographs were obtainable of the following Martin County men who 
 
 served in the navy, though their service records are complete. 
 
 HART, Carroll Henry. Seaman Second Class. 
 
 Parents deceased. l^iorn at West Union, 111., June i , 1897. 
 Resident of Truman, Minn., when enlisted at Indianapolis, Ind., 
 April 8. 1918, as apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great 
 Lakes, 111. Assigned to U. S. S. Minnesota. Discharged at Phil- 
 adcliihia, Pa., Jan. 16, 1919. 
 
 KROST, Walter George. Seaman. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John Krost, Mankato, Minn. 
 Born at Mankato, Minn.. March i r. 18S9. Resident of Fair- 
 mont, Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., April 17, 1918, 
 as apprentice seaman in U. S. N. Assigned to Great Lakes, 111., 
 for training and duty. Discharged at that place June 7. 1919. 
 
 LARSEN, Daniel Einer. Seaman Second Class. Son 
 
 of Jolin Larsen. Sherbiirn, Minn. 
 Born at Sherburn, Minn., Sept. 15. 1S99, and resident thereof 
 when enlisted May i. 1917, at Minneapolis, Minn., as appren- 
 tice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, III. Assigned 
 to U. S. S. Minnesota, serving thereon from Nov., 1917, to March, 
 1918. Later on U. S. S. DeKalb until discharged at Minneapolis, 
 Minn., Sept. 26, 1919. 
 
 MARLEY, Isa H. Seaman. Son of I. H. Marley. 
 Estherville, Iowa. 
 
 Born at Britt. Iowa. Aug. 12. 1S95. Resident of Dunnell, Minn., 
 ■when enlisted at Minneapolis. Minn., Aug, 6, 1917, as apprentice 
 seaman, U. .S. N. After training period assigned to U. S. S. 
 Mississippi. Served at sea until discharge at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 July 21, 1919. 
 
 ORBELL, Harry Gordon. Apprentice Seaman. Son 
 
 of W. W. Orbell. Winnebago. Minn. 
 Born at Winnebago, Minn., April 26, 1897. Resident of Granada, 
 Minn., when enlisted Tune i, 19 18, at Minneapolis, Minn., as 
 apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., and 
 Rock Way, N. Y, Released at Minneapolis^ Minn., Aug. 18, 1919. 
 
 SWEARINGEN. Fred Harold. Radio Electrician. 
 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. T. Swcaringcn, Fairmont. 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Aug. 26, 1892, and resided when en- 
 rolled at Minneapolis, Minn., May 20, 1918, in U. S. naval reserve 
 as a radio electrician. ' Trained at Great Lakes, 111., and trans- 
 ferred to Naval Operating Base at Ilampton Roads, \'a., later to 
 U. S, Naval Radio School at Cambridge, Mass. Released at 
 Minneapolis, Minn.. Feb. 16, 1919. 
 
 SWANSON, George Richard Alexander. Seaman. 
 
 Son of Andy Swanson, Milaca, Minn. 
 Born at Des Moines, Iowa, Aug. 22, 1894. Resident of Triumph. 
 Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., May 5, i9i7» ^s 
 apprentice seaman, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., and 
 receiving ship "Philadelphia." Assigned to U. S. S. "Arizona." 
 Embarked from Hamilton Roads. Va., Nov. 3, 1919, arriving 
 abroad Nov. 29. 1918. Returned to U. S. Dec. 26, 1918. Dis- 
 charged at Minneapolis, ]\Iinn.. Aug. 8, 1919- 
 
 WHITE, Robert Edward. Pharmacist's Mate Sec- 
 ond Class. Son of Airs. .Mary M. White, Shcr- 
 l^urn, Alinii. 
 
 Duni at Sherburn, Minn.. Dec. :;5, 1896, where he resided when 
 enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., April 26, 1918, as hospital ap- 
 prentice 2nd class, U. S. N. Trained at Great Lakes, 111., and 
 I)unwoody Institute, Minneapolis. .Assigned to U. S. S. Freedom. 
 Discharged at Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 26, 1918. 
 
 Data on the following men of the navy is incomplete and pictures could 
 
 not be obtained. 
 
 BROOM, William Stanford. Sailor. 
 
 r.orn in 1895. Xon-rcsident, home is at Mason, 111. Was em- 
 ployed at Lake Fremont Twp., Martin County, w-hen enlisted 
 in U. S. N. at Minneapolis, Minn., Aug. 6, 1917. Was in service 
 until after armistice. Did not return to Martin County. 
 
 OLSON, Wilford E. Sailor. Son of Christian E. 
 
 Olson, Fergus Falls, Minn. 
 Ijorn in 1890. Non-resident, home is at Tacoma, Wash. Employed 
 here when enlisted May 21, 1918, at Minneapolis in U. S. N. 
 
 ERICKSON, Edward Walter. Sailor. Son of Mrs. 
 C. E. Erickson, who formerly resided at Welcome, 
 Minn. 
 
 Enlisted in U. S. Navy July i, 1918 
 for training. 
 
 Sent to Great Lakes, 111.. 
 
 FOX, Edward C. Sailor. 
 
 Born in 1^94. Home is at LaCrosse, Wis. Employed in Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted June 6, 19 18 in U. S. Navy, at Milwaukee, 
 Wis. No further record. Was discharged in 19 19 but did not 
 return to this county. 
 
 ROBERTS. Charles. Sailor. Raised by his rela- 
 tives, Mr. and .Mrs. A. H. McLary of Fairmont, 
 Minn. 
 
 Was under age but enlisted and served in the navy. Did not 
 
 return to Fairmont. 
 
 SARTORIUS, Charles. Son of H. H. Sartorius, 
 
 Welcome, Minn. 
 Was employed at Monita, Iowa, and served in the navy. 
 
 VAN BUSKIRK, Ira Alvin. Sailor. 
 
 Was eiiiploved at Ceylon, Minn. Reported to have joined the 
 navy at Kansas City, Mo., Feb. 2, 1918. Non-resident. 
 
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 K. J 
 
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 ..ifr. i 
 
ALLEN. Clair Hall. (1) Private. Son of Rev. Alice 
 Allen, Truman, Minn. 
 
 Born July 26, 1897, at Xiobe, New York. Resident of Truman, 
 Minn., when enlisted. Enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 27, 1918, 
 as private in marine corps. Assigned to 99th Co., U. S. M. C. 
 Trained at Paris Island, S. C. ?!lmbarked from Charleston, S. C, 
 Apr. 5, 1918, landing at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, May 3, 1918. 
 Served in West Indies during war. Returned to U. S. March 
 17, 1919. Released to reserve May 27, 1919, at Norfolk, Va. 
 
 DAY. Stanley George. (9) Private. Son of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. A. W. Day, Fairmont. 
 
 Born July 4, rSgi, at Bristol, England. Married. Resident of 
 Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted June 7, 1918, at St. Paul, Minn., 
 as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to i8ist Co. at 
 Paris Island, S- C. Transferred to Co. D, 6th Bn., at Quantico, 
 \'a., later to Co. D, 2nd Bn., 1st Trng. Regt., in France. There- 
 after to Machine Gun Co., 5th Regt., in France. Embarked from 
 Hoboken. N. J., in Aug., 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Aug, 
 22, 1918. In Meuse-^Vrgonne offensive. Returned to U. S. 
 May 8, 1919, and discharged May 23, 1919, at Quantico, Va. 
 
 ALLEN, Thaddeus Stephenson. (2) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Altx-rt R. Allen, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born Dec. 21, 1898, at Clear Lake, S. D. Resident of Fairmont, 
 Minn., when enlisted at Mare Island, Calif., May 2, 1917, as 
 private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 78th Co., 6th Regt., 
 2nd Div., at Quantico, Va. Trained at Quantico, Va. and Mare 
 Island, Calif. Embarked from Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 20, 1918, 
 arriving at -St. Nazaire, France, Feb. 5, 19 iS. Was engaged 
 at Belieau Wood, Chateau-Thierry, Mont Blanc, Chanipaigne 
 and Meuse-Argonne. Gassed in action at Belieau Wood June 14, 
 1918. Returned to U. S. April 26, 1919. Discharged at Phila- 
 delphia Navy Yard, Pa., Aug. 22, 19 19. 
 
 BIETH, Frank J. CO Private. Son of Mrs. Joseph 
 
 Kieth, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County, Minn.. Dec. 26, 1898. 
 Resident of Rolling Green Twp., Martin County, Minn., when 
 enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Oct. 15, 19 18, as private in U. S. 
 Marines. Assigned to 437th Co., Battalion A, at Paris Island, 
 S. C. Discharged March 24, 1919, at Paris Island, S. C. 
 
 FUNK, Albert Dean. (10) Private. Son of llr. and 
 Mrs. Jason Funk, Keosauqua. Iowa, where he was 
 born, March 5, 1891. 
 
 Married, one child. Resident of Granada. Minn., when enlisted 
 May 17, 1918, at Paris Island, S. C, as private in U. S. Marine 
 Corps. Assigned to 93rd Co. at Paris Island, S. C. Transferred 
 to Barracks Detachment at Norfolk, Va., and discharged at that 
 place Aug. 26, 19 18, on account of physical disability. 
 
 HAYWORTH, Purl G. UU Private First Class. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Emsley Hayworth, Welcome, Minn. 
 Born at Eraser Twp., Martin County, Sept. 21, 1898. Resident 
 of Welcome, Minn, when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., June 
 13, 1918, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to Co. C, 
 6th Training Bn.. Quantico, Va. Trained at Paris Island, S. C. 
 Transferred in France to 8th Machine Gun Co., 5th Regt., "2nd 
 Div., later to Hq. Co., same regiment. Embarked from Hoboken, 
 N. J., Aug. iS, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, Aug. 27, igi8. 
 Engaged at Meuse-Argonne. Returned to U. S. Aug. 3, 1919, 
 discharged at Quantico, Va., Aug. 13, 1919. 
 
 CAREY, Earl Vernon. (4) Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Silas Carey, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born at Mil ford. Mo. Resident of Sherburn, Minn., when en- 
 listed at St. Paul. ^Minn.. Dec. 2, 1917, as a private in the U. S. 
 Marine Corps. Assigned to 41st Co., 5th Regiment, 2nd Div. 
 Trained at Paris Island, S. C., and Quantico, \'a. Embarked 
 from New York City on Sept. 15, 1918. Arrived at Bordeaux, 
 France. Sept. 28, 1918. Engaged against the enemy at Soissons, 
 and on Verdun sector, Meuse-Argonne offensive. On provost 
 duty at Cardiff, Wales, following armistice. Returned to U. S. 
 July 3, 1919- Discharged at Brooklyn, N. Y., Aug. 20, 1919. 
 
 CAREY, Franklin Pierce. (5) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Silas Carey, Sherburn, Minn. 
 
 Born May 18, 1899, at Marcus, Iowa. Married, i child. Resi- 
 dent of Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., July 
 29, 1918, as private in U. S- Marine Corps. Assigned to 344th 
 Co. 15th Regt. Marines at Paris Island, S. C, later Quantico, 
 Va. Transferred to 9th Co., loth Regt., Heavy Artillery (Mar- 
 ines) at Indian Head, Maryland. Discharged at Quantico, Va. 
 Feb. 7, 1919. 
 
 CAREY, Walter Hill. (G) Corporal. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Silas Carey, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born July 22, 1895, at Marshall, Iowa. Resided at Sherburn, 
 Minn., when enlisted. Enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 4, 1917, 
 as private in Marines. Assigned to 136th Co., iitli Regt., U. S. 
 M. C. at Quantico, \'a. Trained at Paris Island, S. C, and Nor- 
 folk, Va. Embarked from Norfolk, \'a., June 4. 1918. Arrived at 
 St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. June 29, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
 Aug. 13, 1919. Discharged Aug. 23, 1919, at Charleston, S. C. 
 
 CARLSON, Albert Harold. (7) Corporal. Son of 
 
 J. B. Carlson, Triumph, Minn. 
 
 Born at Cedar Twp., Martin County, April i, 1898. Resident 
 of Triumph, Minn., when enlisted at Duluth, Minn., June 18, 
 1918, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Sent to Paris Island, 
 S. C, and assigned to 174th Co., 9th Kegt. Transferred to loth 
 Co., 4th Regt. at Republic of San Domingo. Embarked from 
 Charleston, S. C, July 11, igi8, arriving at San Domingo, 
 July 24, 1918. Returned to U. S. Sept. 18, 1919, discharged 
 at Charleston, S. C, Sept. 25, 19 19. 
 
 COURTRIGHT, Vernon Claude. (S) Private. Son 
 
 of Mr. and ]\lrs. L. J. Courtright, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born April 19, 1892, at Lincoln, Neb. Married, one child. Res- 
 ident of Granada, Minn,, when accepted for enlistment at Minne- 
 apolis, Minn., April 15, 1918. Sworn in at Paris Island, S. C. 
 May 7, 1918, and assigned to 73rd Co. Transferred to 12th 
 Co. and Brooklyn Navy Yards, N. Y. Discharged Feb. 22, 
 1919, at Marine Barracks Navy Yard, N. Y. 
 
 HERVEY, Walter. (i:>) Private. Parents deceased. 
 Born Aug. 29, 1893, at Winnebago, Minn. Resident of Nash- 
 viMl- Twp., Martin Lounty, Minn., when enlisted March 7, 1917, 
 at St. Paul, Minn., as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned 
 to 129th Co. at Mare Island. Calif. Transferred to Puget Sound, 
 Wash., where he was discharged Aug. 5, 1919. 
 
 HIATT, Clyde Henry, (n) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. W. H. Hiatt, Miller, S. D. 
 Borii ^larch 20, 1890, at Dallas County, Iowa. Married, two 
 children. Resident of Granada, Minn., when enlisted at Paris 
 Island, S. C, May 7, 1918, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. 
 Assigned to 73rd Co., Bn. C.. at Paris Island, S. C. Transferred 
 to Naval Headquarters Detachment and seit to Paris, France. 
 Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., July 9, 1918, arriving at Brest, 
 France, July 19, 19 18. Returned to U. S. June 21, 19 19, dis- 
 charged at Norfolk, Va., June 23, 1919. 
 
 HOLTON, Arthur Ralph. (14) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Elvin Holton, Paynsford, Montana. 
 Resident of Welcome. Minn., when enlisted at Paris Island. S. C, 
 June 13, 19 1 8, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 
 54th company, 2nd Regt., ist Provisional Brigade at Paris Is- 
 land. Embarked from Charleston, S. C, July 8, 1918, arriving at 
 Cape Ilaitien. Republic of Hiati, July 25. 19 18. Stationed at 
 that place until Oct. 3, 19 19, engaged in many skirmishes with 
 and expeditions against native bandits. Returned to U. S. Oct. 
 i5i 1919. discharged at Charleston, S. C, Oct. 20, 1919, 
 
 LEVIN, David John. (15) Private. Son of Rev. and 
 
 Mrs. R. A. Levin, Sherburn, Minn. 
 Born at Neenah, Wis., Sept. 23, 1898. Resident of Sherburn, 
 Alinn., when enlisted at St. faul, Minn., April 9, 1917, as private 
 in Marine Corps. Assigned to Co. C, 2nd Section, at Mare 
 Island, Calif., for training. Transferred to post band at Mare 
 Island. Sent to Cavite, Philippine Islands, in October. 1917. 
 Assigned to the post band, American legation, Pekin, China, the 
 following month Embarked from San Francisco, Calif., Oct. 
 5, 1 91 7. Returned to U. S. Oct. 9, 19 19, discharged at Mare 
 island, Calif., Oct. 31, 1919. 
 
 OLSON, Oscar Leonard. (16) Corporal. Son of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charley Olson, Odin, Minn. 
 Born Sept. 28, 1893, at Cedar Twp., Martin County, and resi- 
 dent thereof when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., May 10, igty, 
 as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Trained at Marine Barracks, 
 Norfolk, Va. Assigned to 135th Co., Anti-Air Craft En., at 
 Quantico, Ya. Embarked from Norfolk, Va., Aug., 1918, Served 
 in Haiti and the West Indies until May i, 1920. when he was 
 returned to the U. S. for discharge. Operated on for appendi- 
 citis and died at Charleston, S. C., May 17, 1920. Buried in. 
 Swedish Lutheran cemetery. Cedar Twp. 
 
 219 
 
PERSONIUS, Glen C. (U Sergeant. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Mrs. Chas. A. Personius, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Morn at Tenhassen Twp., Martin County. Jan. i8, 1890. Served 
 ii regular army in Canal Zone as private'in 10th Inf., igi.vis. 
 Kesident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul. Minn.. 
 \rv. II, 1915, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Trained at 
 Mare Island, Calif., leaving for Peking, China, March 6, 1916, 
 as member of U. S. legation guard. Served at Peking until 
 expiration of enlistment. Nov. ii, 1919, when he was assigned 
 to duty in reserve as radio operator in American Radio Station 
 in Peking. Still in service. Oct. i, 1920. 
 
 PERSSON, Erick. (2) Private. Son of Nils Per- 
 sson, Alonterey, Minn. 
 
 Horn at that place Feb. 22, iSgg, and resident thereof when 
 enlisted at St. Paul. Alinn., June 11, 1918, as private in U. S, 
 Marine Corps. Assigned to i7gth Co. at Paris Island. S. C. 
 Kmbarked from Charleston, S. C, July 11. 1918. arriving at 
 I'eurta Plata, Dominican Republic, July 24. 19 18. Remained 
 there seventeen months guarding country against bandits and 
 revolutionists. Returned to U. S., Dec. 16, 1919. Discharged 
 at Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 19, 1919. 
 
 RIDGWAY, Jobe Mortimer. (3) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and Airs. J. L. Ridgway. Sherbiirn, jMinn. 
 
 Tlorn at Jay Twp., Martin County, Feb. 6, 1898. Resident of 
 Sherburn, Minn., when enlisted at St. Paul, Minn., April 22, 
 1918, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 65th Co. at 
 Paris Island, S. C. Transferred to duty with permanent rifle 
 range detachment at Quantico, Va. Discharged Feb. 24, 1919. 
 
 SMITH, Hanson Ambrose. (4) Private. Son of 
 
 Henry D. Smith, Monterey, Minn. 
 Born at Harp Station, III., Feb. 24, 1884. Resident of Cedar 
 Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at ^larine Barracks, Port 
 Koyal, S. C, May 7, 1917, as private in U. S. ^Marine Corps. 
 Assigned to Hq. Co. 6th Marines. 2nd Div. Trained at Port Royal. 
 S. C., and Qauntico, Va., until Oct., 1917- when he embarked 
 from Philadelphia, Pa., arriving at St. Nazaire, France, Nov. 
 If 1917. Trained in France until March 15, 1918, when he went 
 into action near Verdun. Engaged at Belleau Woods Jiuie i 
 to July 4, 191S, and near V'ierzy until wounded July 19, 191S. 
 Was reported killed in action but recovered from his severe 
 wounds. Received several citations from French and American 
 headquarters for gallantry in action. Under hospital treatment 
 July to Dec, 1918. Returned to U. S. March 2, igig, discharged 
 at Quantico, \'a., June 19, 1919. 
 
 STEWART, Elmer, co Private. Parents deceased. 
 
 Born at Jay Twp., Martin County, July 9, 1888, and resident 
 thereof when enlisted Oct. 23, 191S, at St. Paul, Minn., as 
 [irivate in U. S. Marine Corps. Sent to Paris Island, S. C, 
 and assigned to 447th Co.. Bn. C. Discharged at that place 
 March 28. 1919- 
 
 STEWART, Russell A. ((3) Private. Parents de- 
 ceased. 
 Born at Jay Twp., Martin County, July 21, 1910, and resident 
 thereof when enlisted at St. l^aul. Minn.. Oct. 3, 1918, as private 
 in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 404th Co. at Paris Island, 
 S. C. Discharged at that place March 7, 1919. 
 
 THOMSEN, Floyd Arthur. (7) Private. Son of 
 
 Mr. and ]\lrs. Chris Thonisen, I-'airmont. !Minn. 
 Born at Pleasant Prairie Twp., Martin County, July 3. 1S97. 
 Resident of Silver Lake Twp., Martin County, when enlisted at 
 Paris Island, S. C, June 13, 1918, as private in U. S. Marine 
 Corps. Assigned to 62nd Co., 2nd Regt., ist Prov. M. C. Brigade, 
 at Cape Haitien, Haiti. Embarked from Charleston, S. C, July 
 8, 1918, arriving at Cape Haitien, July 25. 191S. Served in that 
 country until Dec. 2, 1919. Participated in clearing the Republic 
 of Haiti of bandits, March 10 to May 6, 1919. Returned to U. S. 
 Dec. 15, 1919, discharged at Charleston, S. C, Dec. 20, 1919. 
 
 TYLER, William Pedelty. (8) Private. Son of Mr. 
 
 and !Mrs. John A. Tyler, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born Sept. 11, 1899. at Buffalo Center, Iowa. Resident of 
 Granada, !Minn., when enlisted at Paris Island, S. C, Oct. 26, 
 1918, as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 395th 
 Co., at Paris Island. S. C. Transferred to 6ist Co., later to 
 6oth Co. at Navy Yard, New York. Discharged at Marine Bar- 
 racks, Navy Yard, Brooklyn, Sept. 15, 1919. 
 
 220 
 
No photographs were available of the following men 
 who served in the marines. 
 
 ANDERSON, Axel. Private First Class. Son of 
 Mrs. Johanna Johanson, Jonkoping, Sweden. 
 
 Born at Jonkoping. Sweden, March 26, 1S92. Resident of 
 Triumpli, Minn., when enlisted j\lay 24, 1917, at St. Paul. Minn., 
 as private in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to 74th Co., 6th 
 Regt. U. S. M. C, 2nd Div. Embarked from Hoboken, N. J., 
 April 28, 1918. arriving at Brest, France, Atay 8, 1918. In all 
 activities and battles of the Marine Corps brigade, 2nd Div., 
 from June 22, 1918, until its return to the U. S. Engaged at 
 Chateau-Thierry and Aisne-Marne. Serious shrapnel wound in 
 head, July 22, 1918, but recovered and rejoined his command for 
 the engagements of St. Mihiel, Champaigne and Meuse-Argonne. 
 Awarded good conduct medal. Returned to U. S- Aug. 8, 1919, 
 discharged at Quantico, Va., Aug. 13, 1919. 
 
 GILBERT, Walter Roscoe. Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Helen Ciilbert, l-'airniont, At inn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., March 18, 1897. Married, 2 children. 
 Resident of Fairmont, Minn., when enlisted in U. S. Marine Corps 
 at St. Paul. Minn., July 14, 1918. Sent to Paris Island, S. C., 
 and assigned to 243rd Co. Transferred to Quantico, Va. Dis- 
 charged at Quantico, \'a., Dec. 14, 1918, on medical survey. 
 
 HARTUNG. Walter H. Private. Son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. C. H. Hartung, Welcome, Minn. 
 
 Born at Welcome, Minn., Jan. 4, 1895. Resident of Welcome 
 when enlisted June 29, 1918, at Minneapolis, Minn., as private 
 in U. S. Marine Corps. Assigned to training group at Paris 
 Island, S. C. Transferred to Co. A, nth Regt. U. S. M. C, at 
 Quantico, Va. Embarked from Philadelphia, Pa.. Sept. 2g, 1918, 
 arriving at Brest, France, Oct. 13, 1918. Returned to U. S. 
 July 23, 1919, and discharged at Quantico, \'a., Aug. 13, 1919. 
 
 NUGENT, Roy. Cook First Class. Son of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Thomas Nugent, Truman. Minn. 
 
 Born at Howard County, Iowa, Oct. 1 1. 1S96. Resident of 
 Westford Twp., Martin County, Minn., when enrolled in the 
 U. S. Marine Corps at St. Paul, Minn., Feb. i, 19 18. As- 
 signed to general duty at Marine Barracks, Paris Island, S. C. 
 Later to Marine Det. at Xaval Academy. Annapolis. Md. Re- 
 leased to inactive duty at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 18, 191S. 
 
 221 
 
With Our Canadian Allies 
 
 In the glorious record of our Canadian allies dur- 
 ing four long years of splendid battle field achievement 
 Martin county has a modest share. 
 
 Nine men from this county, impatient at our 
 country's delay in entering a struggle which they recog- 
 nized as their own, or for other reasons, served under 
 the Canadian colors. One gave his life as a soldier of 
 the Dominion. Five others suffered wounds or injury 
 from the hellish gas fumes of the Htm. 
 
 At Ypres, at Messines Ridge, at the Somme, at 
 Vimy Ridge, at Paschendale, at Amiens, Arras and 
 Cambria, Martin covmty men fought side be side with 
 their Canadian brothers in the common cause, and 
 Martin county blood was spilled upon the fields of con- 
 flict. 
 
 Martin county is proud to honor the following 
 adventurous, brave, and patriotic men who served under 
 an allied flag, equally at least with those who went 
 forth under the Stars and Stripes. 
 
 222 
 
NICKERSON, Arthur William George. (1) Private. 
 
 Sun of Rev. E. J. Nicker son, Cleghorn. Iowa. 
 
 Born at Montgomery Falls. Quebec, Canada. Dec. i8, 1897. 
 Resident of Truman. Minn., when enlisted at Minneapolis, Minn., 
 May 27, 19 1 8, as private in Canadian Engineers. Trained for 
 a short period in Canada. Kmbarked Irom Halifax, .\'. S., Aug. 
 4, 1918, arriving at Liverpool. England, Aug. 15, 1918. Trained 
 as macliine gunner at Sea ford, Sussex, England. Returned to 
 U. S. June 20, 1919, discharged at \'ancouver, B. C. June 26, 
 
 IQIO. 
 
 NIELSON, Emanuel Carl, ci) Private. Son of Mr. 
 and ^Irs. Xils C Nielson, Ilobro, Denmark. 
 
 Born at Aarlius, Denmark, June 2^, iSgi. Married, 2 children. 
 Resident of Eairmunt, Minn., when enlisted at Vancouver, B. C, 
 Sept. I, 1915, as private in infantry of the Canadian army. As- 
 signed to 47th Battalion Infantry, Canadian Expeditionary Force. 
 Trained at Vernon. B. C. Transferred in England to ist Bn., 
 Inf., C. E. F. Embarked from Montreal, Canada, Nov. 30, 
 1915, arriving at Liveri)ool. England, Dec. 14, 1915. Engaged 
 at Messines Ridge, Ypres, first Battle of the Somme and Vimy 
 Ridge. Gassed slightly at Vjires. Permanently disabled through 
 "wounds at \'imy Ridge. Struck by high explosive in back. In 
 hospital 13 months, then invalided home for disability discharge. 
 Arrived at puebec, April i, 1918, discharged at Winnipeg, April 
 6, 1918. 
 
 PETERSON, Edward Neidorf. (.3) Corporal. Son 
 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Godske Peterson, Triumph, Minn. 
 Born at Chicago, 111., Aug. 22, 1S94. Employed at Neuchatel, 
 Alberta, Canada, when enlisted at Edmonton, Alberta, ^farch 
 8, 19 1 6, as private in Canadian volunteer infantry. Assigned 
 to Co. C, 194th Regt. at Edmonton. Alberta. Also trained at 
 several camps in England. Transferred to 19th Reserves, later 
 to 49th Battalion at Bramshott, England; to 7th C. R. T. at 
 Puifleet, England. Embarked from Canada about Nov. i, 1916, 
 arriving at English port Nov. 7th and at French port, Feb. 8, 
 191 7. Shortly afterward was returned to England for hospital 
 treatment for blood poisoning. Left for France again June 2, 
 
 1917, in draft for 7th C. R. T. Wounded Dec. i, 19 17. Re- 
 leased from hospital and returned to front Feb. 27, 19 18. 
 Evacuated as a gas casulty from Pieppe Forest in April, 1918. 
 Rejoined his command on the Somme, Aug. 17, 1918. Engaged 
 in 19 1 7 in following battles: Ypres campaign, Menin Road, 
 Whyteschaefe, Pilken Ridge, Pocapelle and Paschendaele; in 
 
 1918, Somme retreat. Somme advance. Arras, Cambria Campaign 
 and the retaking of Mons. Nov. 11, 1918. With Army of Occu- 
 pation in Germany. Returned to Canada, June 13. 1919, dis- 
 charged in Toronto, Canada, June 15, 1919, reaching his home 
 at Triumph, Minn.. June 22. 1919- 
 
 PRICE, Merlin Glendower. (4) Private. Son of Mrs. 
 
 Catherine Price, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., April i8, 1890. Employed at Calvary, 
 Alberta, when enlisted March 27, 1918, as gunner in heavy 
 
 artillery, Canadian Expeditionary Forces. Trained in Canada 
 
 and at Witley Camp, England. Embarked from Halifax, May 3, 
 
 igi8, returning to Canada July -'4, 1919. Discharged July 29, 
 1919. 
 
 SHERMAN, Fernon S. (.5) Private. Son of Mr. ami 
 
 Mrs. C. B. Sherman, Ceylon, Minn. 
 Born Jan. 6, 1889, at .Sherburn, Minn. Resident of Ceylon. Minn., 
 when enlisted at Winnipeg, Canada. Aug. 20, 1918, after un- 
 successful attempts to join the U. S. forces. Assigned to ist 
 Depot Bn.. Manitoba Regiment, Canadian army. Trained 2nd 
 I' tig. Military Dist. No. 10, St. John's Quebec. Transferred tn 
 2nd Depot Bn., Quebec, at Montreal, Canada. Discharged Dec. 
 13, 1918, at Winnipeg, Canada. 
 
 SMITH, Leo E. (tl) Gunner. Son of Mrs. Stella 
 
 Teeter, Mankato, Minn. 
 Born in Blue Earth County, Minn., in 1S93. Resident of Fair- 
 mont, Minn., when enlisted in the South Saskatchewan Bn. of 
 Infantry at Camp Sewell, Manitoba, March 2, 19 15. Left for 
 overesas Aug. 10, 1915. Instructor in machine gun school at 
 Shornciffe, England, until Feb. 3, 1916. Went to tlie front 
 .\pril 10, 1915, with Canadian Machine Gun Corps. In action 
 at Vpres and the Somme. \\'ounded slightly at the Somme. 
 Buried in mine explosion at \'imy Ridge Oct. 25, 1916. Gassed 
 at Vimy Ridge April 10. 1917, and evacuated to hospitals in 
 France, England, Scotland and Canada. Returned to Canada, 
 Dec. 5, 1918, nd discharged as no longer fit for duty, with pen- 
 sion. Was last assigned to loth Canadian Machine Gun Corps. 
 Married. 
 
 WALKER, George Robert. (7) Son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 L. B. Walker, r'airmont, Minn. 
 
 Born at Tenliassen Twp., .Martin County, Muin., Feb. 25, 1S90. 
 Married, four children. Resident of Erskine, Alberta, Canada, 
 when enlisted March i, 1918, as private in infantry of the 
 Canadian Expeditionary Forces. Assigned to Co. B, ist Depot 
 Bn., Alberta. Embarked from Halifax, March 2i, 1918. Ar- 
 rived at C^lasgow, April 2, 1918. Transferred at Bramshott, 
 England, to 21 si Reserves. Later transferred to loth Canadian 
 Bn., 2nd Brigade, ist Div. Engaged at Amiens, Arras, Villers 
 Le Cagnecourt, Cambria and other minor engagements. Gassed 
 at Cambria Sept. 27, 1918. Arrived back in Canada, July 25, 1919. 
 Discharged Aug. i, 1919. 
 
 GRIFFITHS, Dan William. 
 
 Was employed at Sherburn. Minn., before enlisting in the early 
 part of the' war with a Canadian Field Artillery at Winnipeg. 
 Was gassed and wounded. Returned to Minnesota after discharge 
 but no longer resident of Martin County. No further record. 
 
 233 
 
Martin County's Service Women 
 
 While in the main it was the part of the patriotic 
 women of Martin county to keep the home fires burning 
 in service behind the Hnes and far removed from the 
 theater of operations a smuU number of young women 
 were accepted for active service. Many others stood 
 ready and willing but no department of the service was 
 open to them. 
 
 Seven names comprise the list of the county's service 
 women. Three of them served in the hospitals and camps 
 of France, the others at posts within the United States. 
 Women's work with the armies is no less important than 
 that of the fighting men. In this war, more than in any 
 other, the women were permitted to play an important 
 part. Those who served with the colors will be held in 
 life-long affection by their masculine comrades, especial- 
 ly those whom the fortunes of war sent to beds of pain 
 and suffering. There are many among the returned 
 service men of Martin county whose lives had gone out 
 but for the gentle and skilled ministrations of the army 
 nurses. 
 
 All honor to the brave women who wore the uniform. 
 
 324 
 
BETZ, Neven Ottillia. (1) Daushter of Mr. and Mrs. 
 I'*rf(l \V. Hetz, I''airmont. Minn. 
 
 H()Si)ital and Canteen Worker, American Red Cross. IJorn at 
 I'airmunt, Minn., Sept. 3, i8g2. Kmpltiycd at (Ireat Palls, Mont., 
 when enlisted at that place June i8, 19 18, as hospital hut and 
 canteen worker in the Red Cross. ICmharkcd from ( )uehec, 
 Canada, Sept. 25. 1918, arriving at LeIIavre. Krance, Oct. 0. 
 
 19 18. Worked 6 months at Is-sur-Tillc, France. .3 months in 
 Trier, Germany, and one month with the I'rench at Chant illy. 
 French Head(|uarters. Served in innnediate rear of figliting 
 area. Returned to U. S. Aus- i. 1919, -ui'l discharged Aug. 2, 
 
 19 19, at New ^'ork City. 
 
 CORY, Helen (Mrs. U. V. Millican). (:.') Nurse. 
 
 DaughtiT of Mr. and Mrs. Geo. Cory, Iviinimnl, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Nov. 7, 1897. Resident of rairmont, 
 when enlisted in .Tuly, 1918, as student nurse in U. .S. Army. 
 Assigned to .\rmy Training Scliool for Nurses at Camp Dodge. 
 Iowa. Served at Camp Dodge. Discharged at Camp Dodge, 
 April t8, 1919. During her period of service was married to 
 Lt. U. V. Millican. 
 
 CONKLIN, Francis (Mrs. O. D. Richardson). (:i) 
 Nurse. Dauglitcr ol Mr. and Mrs. S. T. Conkliii, 
 Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., July 29, 189S, where she resided 
 when enlisted as a student nurse. Camp Jackson, S. C. Sept. 12, 
 1918, and was passed into immediate service on account of an 
 influenza epidemic. .•\ssigned to laboratory duty and scheduled 
 for transfer to this work at I'aris. France, when tiie war ended. 
 Discharged Dec. 23, igi8. 
 
 DEAN, Marjorie Lewis. (4) Psycho Therapist. 
 
 Daughter of Jtulge and Mrs. E. C. Dean, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Pipestone, Minn., July 26, 1894. Resident of I^airmonl, 
 Minn., when entering service. After extensive training period 
 
 was regularly enrolled, .'\pril ig, 1919. as Psyco Therapist in the 
 reconstruction department of W.'dter Reed General Hospital, 
 Washington, 1). C, Served until July, 1920. 
 
 EDWARDS, Mava Mazelle. (r,) Nurse. DauRhter 
 of .\lr. .md .Mrs. E. J. lulvvards, Fairmont, Minn., 
 
 Born at l-"airmont, Minn., March 25, 1894, where she resided 
 when enlisted at Camp Grant, 111., .Xug. ts, 1918, as a_ nurse 
 in the .-\rmy School of Nursnig, Army Nurse Corps, Trained at 
 (.'amp (Jrant^ 111., transferring to Base Hospital No. 32 at Chicago, 
 and later to I'. S. General Hospital No. 28 at l'"t. Sheridan, 111. 
 kemained in the service at conclusion of the war and still in 
 service Oct. I, 1920. 
 
 SIEBURG, Dorothy Caroline. (6) Army Nurse. 
 
 Dangliter of Mr. and Mrs. Win. Sieburg, Fairmont, 
 
 Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont, Minn., Oct. 25, 1892, where she resided when 
 enlLstcd, Feb. 15, 1918, in Ibe Army Nurse Corps, American 
 Red Cross. Assigned to CantonmcTit Base Ilosiiital, Camp Cus- 
 ter, Mich., for training. Transferred in France to Base Hospital 
 .\o. 68. Mars Center, later to Base Hospital No. 9,i at Cannes. 
 Kmbarked from Hoboken, N. J.. Aug. 16. 1918. arriving at Le- 
 IIavre, France. Sept. 3, 1918. Returned to U. S. June 28, 1919, 
 discharged July 28, 1919. 
 
 EGLIN, Elizabeth Gertrude. Nurse. Mrs. Mary 
 li. Eglin, mother, Granada, Minn. 
 
 Born at .\nderson, Indiana, Dee. 11, 1868. Resident of Granada, 
 Minn., when enlisted .\ug. $. 19'8. in army ninse corps. As- 
 signed to Unit 64, American Red Cross, New York City. Trans- 
 ferred to Camp Custer, Michigan. Embarked from Hoboken, N. 
 J., Sept. 25, 1918, arriving at Brest, I'rance, Oct. 4, igi8. 
 Served at Brest, Rimaucourt and Rccy-surOurce. Returned to 
 U. S. Feb. 3, 1918, discharged at New York, h"eb. 27, 1918. 
 
 225 
 
Y. M. C. A. Secretaries 
 
 RICHARDSON, Ralph Joseph. (1) Ralph Joseph. 
 
 Y. M. C. A. Secretary. Son of Dr. and ^Irs. W. 
 
 J. Richardson, Fairmont, Minn. 
 Born at Fairmont. Minn.. Dec. 14, 1886. Married. Resident 
 of Hanover, New Hampshire, when entered Y. M. C. A. work on 
 Oct. I, 1918. Assigned at Y. M. C. A. Secretary to S. A. T. C. 
 unit at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N, H. Released June 30, 
 1919- 
 
 TIMMS, Clarence J. {::) Y. M. C. A. Secretary. 
 
 JJorn :a Church, Michigan, Dec. 20, 1881. Married, 2 children. 
 County superintendent of Martin County when enlisted for 
 Y. M. C. A. work June 9, 1918. Trained at Columbia University, 
 New York, and at Paris, France. Embarked from New York, 
 June 26, 1918, arriving at Liverpool, England, about July 6. 
 1918. Spent 14 months with American Expeditionary Forces 
 in France and with Army of Occupation in Germany. Discharged 
 upon reaching Xew York City on Aug. 4, 1919. 
 
 ^ 
 
 WOLFE, Horace Elmore. (:jj Y. M. C. A. Secretary. 
 Son of Mr. and Mrs. M. K. Wolfe, Kellog, Minn. 
 
 Born at Kellog, Minn., Feb. ig, 1879. Married, 5 children. 
 Resident of Fanmont, Minn., when enrolled as Y. M. C. A. 
 secretary, June 12, 191 8. Embarked from Philadelphia, Pa., 
 June 28, 19 18, arriving at LeHavre, France, July 15, 1918. 
 Stationed at Chat illion-sur- Seine with 2nd Army Corps School. 
 Also as hut director and educational director near Bordeaux 
 and later at LaRcchelle. Returned to U. S. Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
 POTTER, George Henry. (4) Y. M. C. A. Secretary. 
 
 Son of Mrs. Julia Potter, Triumph, Minn. 
 Resident of Clalena Twp., Martin County, where he was born 
 Feb. II. 1884, when entered service in June, 19 18. Trained at 
 New York City. On duty as Y. M. C. A. secretary at Camp 
 Hancock, Ga., and Paris Island, S. C. Discharged in February, 
 1919. 
 
 226 
 
ALLIED LEADERS 
 
 \ A: 
 
 DAVID LLOYD GEORGF 
 
 GEORGES CLEMENCEAU 
 
 KIMG ALBERT 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Narrative of the World War 
 
 1914 
 
 June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, neph- 
 ew of the Austrian Emperor, and heir to the tlirone. 
 was assassinated together with his wife at Sarajevo, 
 Bosnia, by Gavrio Prinzip, a Serbian student. 
 The assassination was due to bitter enmity between 
 the Serbian and Austrian governments and was 
 committed by a youthful fanatic. It has never been 
 shown that the Serbian government was in any way 
 a party to the plot which culminated in the death of 
 the Austrian archduke and furnished the immediate 
 excuse for the greatest war of history. 
 
 Few in America at least foresaw in any degree 
 the tremendous effect that this murder was to have 
 upon all the nations of the world. It was but cas- 
 ually noted in the news dispatches of the American 
 press and impressed the public mind only as a rather 
 unusual deed of violence done in a remote part of 
 the world and of no great concern to America. It 
 was little realized at that time to what an extent the 
 world has become a mere neighborhood, the occur- 
 rences in one national household being of powerful 
 effect upon all others. 
 
 While this assassination is popularly given as the 
 direct cause of the war the basic and indirect causes 
 are much more far reaching and have not, as yet, 
 been fully and cogently set forth b^' any generally 
 accepted historian or statesman. An attempt has 
 been made to epitomize them as follows: commer- 
 cial and industrial rivalry, especially between Ger- 
 many and Great Britain: international jealousy as to 
 power; excessive armaments; growth of military 
 castes; revenge resulting from prior conflicts; con- 
 flict of national ideals or "culture;" conflict of de- 
 mocracy as opposed to autocracy; personal ambi- 
 tions of men high in power; secret treaties; inter- 
 national intrigues and alliances and various other 
 contributing factors which needed but an excuse, 
 such as the royal assassination afforded, to precipi- 
 tate nations into the horrors of war. For a genera- 
 tion Europe had slumbered on a volcano, its na- 
 tions, great and small, suspicious and distrustful of 
 each other, its armies and navies ever in readiness 
 for the struggle which had long been regarded as in- 
 evitable. 
 
 Ultimatum to Serbia. 
 
 Austria-Hungary took radical measures against 
 Serbia, delivering an ultimatum to that country on 
 July 23, 1914. which allowed but 48 hours to comply 
 with impossible conditions. This demand was con- 
 strued by Serbia and her protector, Russia, as an 
 interference with Serbia's sovereignty. July 25th a 
 reply was returned to Austria-Hungary which was 
 unsatisfactory. Diplomatic relations between the 
 two countries were terminated and on July 27, 1914, 
 war was formally declared by .Austria-Hun.gary. 
 Fighting commenced immediately. Belgrade, the 
 Serbian capital, was bombarded from the Austrian 
 side of the river Danube. Russia, ally of Serbia, 
 considered an attack on Serbia an affront against 
 herself and commenced mobilizing armies. July 
 31st, Germany, as Austria's ally, issued a 12-hour 
 ultimatum to Russia demanding that mobilization 
 be stopped. Denied certain assurances from Aus- 
 tria, Russia continued mobilization. This caused 
 Germany to declare war on August 1st. France at 
 once began the mobilization of her armies and on 
 Aug. 3 Germany declared war on France. 
 
 Germany, armed and ready, with supreme confi- 
 dence in the ability of her forces to crush all oppo- 
 sition on land quickly and completely, at once moved 
 
 upon France, invading Luxemburg and demanding 
 of Belgium the right to pass through that coun- 
 try and attack France at the most vulnerable point 
 along the Franco-Belgian frontier. King Albert of 
 Belgium withheld his consent on the ground that 
 the neutrality of his countrj^ had been guaranteed by 
 the powers of Europe, including Germany, and ap- 
 pealed to England for diplomatic aid. On Aug. 4th 
 Great Britain sent an ultimatum to Germany, de- 
 manding that the neutrality of Belgium be respected. 
 This was denied and Great Britain's declaration of 
 war on Germany immediately followed. Italy, al- 
 though a party to the Triple Alliance with Germany 
 and Austria, took the stand that in a war of ag- 
 gression it was her duty to remain neutral. 
 
 By Aug. 15 Russia, England, France, Belgium, Ser- 
 bia and Montenegro were at war with the Central 
 Powers. Japan entered the struggle on .\ug. 23 and 
 immediately lay siege to Germany's colonies in the 
 far East. Turkey aligned herself with Germany on 
 Oct. 29th and was herself attacked by both Great 
 Britain and France a little later. By November ten 
 nations were engaged in a war to the death with the 
 remainder of Europe under arms and ready for even- 
 tualities. The sudden advent of the war found many 
 Americans traveling in Europe or engaged there in 
 business. These suffered much discomfiture and 
 hardship and Congress came to their relief with 
 money appropriations while their return was the 
 subject of delicate diplomatic e.xchan.ges. 
 
 The first real fighting of the war took place at 
 Liege, a strongly fortified Belgian city. The Ger- 
 mans moved against this place on August 4th. So 
 heroically did the Belgian army defend the city that 
 it fell only after a siege of two weeks. There were 
 fourteen days of fierce fighting during which the at- 
 tacking forces of Germany suffered very heavy losses. 
 The magnificent work of the Belgians was of the 
 utmost importance as it delayed the German hordes 
 and enabled France to prepare for defense and 
 England to land troops on the Continent. Liege 
 fell on Aug. IT. Three days later the Germans en- 
 tered Brussels, the Belgian capital, which was not de- 
 fended. The Belgian army retreated to Antwerp, 
 accompanied by the Belgian government. Germany's 
 armies swept on through Belgium, crossing into 
 France at the end of August. In their march tliey 
 took and partially destroyed Louvain, Charleroi and 
 numerous other Belgian cities and villages. 
 
 
 A CAPTURED GERMAN TRENXH 
 
 An elaborately constructed steel abode of the Germans, 
 found in their trench system at one part of the Hindenburg line. 
 The Germans had evidently e-xpected to stay a long time as 
 dugouts like these were supplied with electric lights and all 
 modern conveniences. The German officers could be depended 
 on to get a monopoly on all the luxuries wherever they 
 happened to be, at the' expense of both the civilians and the 
 troops under them. 
 
 228 
 
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Pressing- into France Germany was opposed by 
 the French and British armies. England had been 
 able to rush only a meagre 100,000 troops under Sir 
 John French to the assistance of her ally. Town 
 after town fell before the invaders, whose objective 
 was Paris and a speedy end to the war. German 
 Zeppelins dropped bombs upon the city and de- 
 stroyed property, killing women and children. So 
 grave was the danger that on Sept. 2, the French 
 government was moved to Bordeaux and martial 
 law proclaimed at the French capital. Amiens fell 
 on Sept. 1st. Having crossed the IMarne and on 
 Sept. 8th advanced within 22 miles of Paris the Ger- 
 man forces were virtually at the gates of that city. 
 Its fall seemed inevitable. However the splendid 
 stand of the French at the Marne stopped the invad- 
 ers with their goal in sight. High tide for the Ger- 
 man arms was reached on Sept. 8. 1914. They were 
 never again to so closely approach the French capi- 
 tal. The resistance they met was so strong that they 
 fell back to the river Aisne and, for the time being, 
 stayed their ruthless advance, worn down and ex- 
 hausted by the unexpectedly vigorous and contin- 
 ued resistance of their opponents. 
 
 In the meantime huge armies were also lighting 
 on the Eastern front in East Prussia, Russian Po- 
 land, Galicia and Serbia. On a smaller scale war 
 was being waged in all the colonies controlled by 
 Germany. The Belgian army stoutly defended Ant- 
 werp but the city fell on Oct. 9th. The Belgian 
 government was again moved, first to Ostend, then 
 to Le Havre, France. The Belgian army success- 
 fully defended the west part of Flanders, bordering 
 on the North sea, and saved a small part of their 
 territory from the ravishing invader. As early as 
 Aug. 7th French forces entered Alsace-Lorraine, 
 retaining their grip in that section throughout the 
 war. The French government returned to Paris 
 Dec. 9. 
 
 The War in the East. 
 
 A large Russian force entered East Prussia on 
 Aug. 17 and were at first successful in driving back 
 the German forces when strong reinforcements 
 turned the tide and the Russians were driven back 
 into their own country. Other Russian armies at- 
 tacked in Galicia. Lemberg was captured on Sept. 
 2 and the strong fortress of Przemysl besieged. A 
 German army, advancing on Warsaw, was badly de- 
 feated Nov. 1.5 to 23, when within a few miles of 
 their objective. Later, under Gen. Von Hindenburg, 
 the Germans reconquered all territory lost at this 
 time. Serbia, though exhausted by two previous 
 wars, fought gallantly against the .\ustrians and by 
 
 MACHINE GUN NEST 
 
 This picture shows a German machine gun nest after it had 
 been captured by the Americans. Partly hidden by the woods 
 and built at a point of vantage on a small crest, this nest holding 
 two machine guns was capable of doing immense damage to 
 troops advancing up the valleys in front of it. The nest was 
 well camouflaged and also had a deep dugout underneath where 
 the gunners took refuge during heavy bombardments. The 
 American artillery located this one and a heavy shelling took 
 place as can be seen from the trees in the background which 
 were cut down. 
 
 Dec. 1-J had recaptured Belgrade, their capital, lost 
 to the enemy at the beginning of the war. In the 
 far East Japan laid siege to the Gerinan colony of 
 Tsing-tao and with some assistance from the Brit- 
 ish captured it Nov. 7. Turkey, incited by Gerinan 
 agents, attacked Russian ports on the Black Sea Oct. 
 29. A holy war was proclaiined against Russia, 
 France and England in the hope of causing upris- 
 ings among the Mohammedan inhabitants of their 
 colonies. The Turks threatened the Suez canal, 
 and large forces were diverted to defend that water- 
 way. 
 
 Rouniania, Bulgaria and Greece remained neutral 
 thougli strong efiforts were made to induce them to 
 enter the war. Roumania and Greece, pro-ally in 
 sentiment, were kept from entering the conflict in 
 its early stages by the complicated Balkan situa- 
 tion. The Scandinavian countries maintained their 
 neutrality and were united in an agreement to act in 
 concert should their neutrality be violated. 
 
 Warfare at Sea. 
 
 The war at sea was wide in extent but furnished 
 no battles between large or evenly matched fleets. 
 Germany's navy remained sheltered in the Kiel canal 
 and the location of the British fleet was unknown to 
 the public. It became evident that Germany's naval 
 strategy was to wear down the strength of the Brit- 
 ish navy gradually by employing floating mines and 
 submarines. This policy was to a certain degree 
 successful. The first naval battle of consequence 
 took place oflf the coast of Peru Nov. 1 when four 
 German cruisers met and sank two large British 
 cruisers, the "Monmouth" and "Goodhope," with a 
 loss of 1,.500 men. On Dec. 8th a German fleet ap- 
 proached the Falkland Islands. British ships had 
 arrived the day before to take on coal. In the re- 
 sulting battle five German cruisers were sunk with 
 a loss of 2,500 men. 
 
 German sliips were especially successful in com- 
 merce raiding, destroying scores of British mer- 
 chantmen in all parts of the high seas. The most 
 successful of the German raiders were the "Emden," 
 the "Dresden," the "Prinz Eitel Friederich," the 
 "Karlsruhe," the "Kronprinz Wilhelm" and the 
 "Koeningsburg." The "Emden" destroyed British 
 merchant shipping to the value of ten million dol- 
 lars, sunk a Russian and a French ship and was 
 finally destroyed at Cocos Island, Nov. 10, by the 
 Australian cruiser "Sidney." One of the boldest 
 attempts of the German cruisers was the bombard- 
 ment on Dec. 16 of the English towns of Scar- 
 borough, Whitby and Hartelpool. One hundred and 
 ten persons, mostly women and children, were killed 
 and many wounded. Indiscriminate planting of 
 mines in the North Sea resulted in the sinking of 
 many neutral ships of Norway and other nations, 
 with much loss of life. 
 
 Financial disaster throughout the world was 
 averted by the establishing of moratoriums, closing 
 of the stock markets and other drastic measures, af- 
 fecting non-combatant as well as warring nations. 
 The United States took early and vigorous steps 
 along these lines which served well to preserve the 
 integrity of business. On Aug. 4 President Wilson 
 issued a proclamation of the neutrality of the LJnited 
 States. The following day he sent messages to 
 the heads of all the warring nations offering his 
 services as mediator at any time they might deem 
 suitable. This was the war's first offer of peace 
 mediation. 
 
 1915. 
 
 Russian armies made a successful advance into 
 East Prussia early in 1915 until Gen. Hindenburg's 
 forces were encountered. The German arms won 
 a decisive victory in the Mazurian Lake region, in- 
 flicting terrible losses upon the Russians. A pro- 
 
 330 
 
longed German advance then began, which met but 
 feeble resistance. The Russians also suffered se- 
 verely from Austrian offensives, being finally driven 
 from the stronghold of Lemberg in August. In a 
 brilliant exploit the Russians had captured Przemysl 
 on March 22 after a siege of seven months. It was 
 recaptured by Austria on June 3. General disaster 
 overwhelmed the Russians in May and June, due 
 chiefly to a shortage of artillery and a falling morale. 
 The Germans under Hindenburg advanced to the 
 north of Warsaw while the Austrians under Arch- 
 duke Frederick and Von Mackensen swept through 
 the Carpathian mountains in western Galicia. On 
 Aug. 5 the Germans and Austrians entered Warsaw 
 and captured Ivangorod. Thereafter it was a con- 
 tinual retreat for the Russians until they made a 
 stand far to the north of Riga and Dvinsk on the 
 Baltic. Against Turkey the Russian arms were more 
 successful, inflicting severe defeats upon the Sul- 
 tan's forces at Sari Kamysli and Jenikici. 
 
 The Dardanelles Campaign. 
 
 The Dardenelles struggle began with an allied 
 offensive on Feb. 19 when British and French war- 
 ships began a bombardment of the forts at the en- 
 trance to the straits of tlie Dardenelles. A bom- 
 bardment of one week reduced the fortifications 
 and troops were landed. A combined land and sea 
 attack was necessary to effect the destruction of the 
 inner forts on the Gallipoli peninsula, which were 
 the key to the operation. In conjunction with the 
 fleet British, French and Australian armies attacked 
 valiantly against the most powerful defensive posi- 
 tions. Deeds, as heroic as history records, were 
 accomplished, the attackers holdin.g grimly to the 
 most impossible positions. The fleet, also, suffered 
 heavily from mines and bombardments from shore 
 batteries. After a terrible four-months' campaign 
 the operation was abandoned, the attack having cost 
 the allied force over lOO.nOf) men. 
 
 Italy Enters the Conflict. 
 
 On the \\'estcrn front the opposing forces re- 
 mained deadlocked. When the German rush in 
 1914 was stopped at the Marne both armies pro- 
 ceeded to "dig in" and the long period of position 
 warfare began. Nevertheless a number of bloodj- 
 battles were fought in 191,5. The fiercest conflicts 
 were at Soissons Jan. 8 to 13; Neuve Chapelle March 
 10 to 12; Ypres, where gas was used for the first 
 time by Germany, April 23 to 28; and at Cham- 
 pagne in September. 
 
 After ten months of neutrality Italy entered the 
 war on May 24, 1915, on the side of the Allies, though 
 formerly a member of the Triple Alliance composed 
 of Italy, Germany and Austria. Italy justified this 
 breach with her former allies with the contention 
 that Austria had broken the alliance by an un- 
 just war upon Serbia. Italy's army consisted of 
 more than a million men, fully trained, armed, 
 equipped and ready for immediate action. The first 
 aggressive step was to throw a strong force across 
 the Austrian frontier and occupy a position along 
 the river Isonzo. The Italians fought well and ac- 
 complished remarkable feats in securing difficult 
 positions, but up to the close of 191.5 no decisive 
 victory had been achieved. 
 
 Numerous encounters between the British and 
 Turks took place in Mesopotamia and tlie Sinai pen- 
 insula near the Suez canal. The British were gen- 
 erally successful but in their advance on Bagdad 
 were driven back as far as Kut-el-Amara. Many hor- 
 rible massacres were perpetrated by bands of Kurds 
 and Turks on the Christian population. It is esti- 
 mated that in the Urumiah district upwards of 
 10.000 met their death. 
 
 Uprisings in South Africa were frequent, due to 
 
 the pernicious influence of German agents. Gen. 
 Botha finally quelled all of the insurrections and se- 
 cured for the Allies practically all of the German 
 colonies in South Africa. 
 
 Bulgaria Crushes Serbia. 
 
 After making a bargain with Turkey for certain 
 territorial and railway concessions Bulgaria cast her 
 lot with Germany and Austria and in October de- 
 clared war on Serbia and after a campaign of six 
 weeks had overrun the entire country. The Serbian 
 army was scattered, the king and government offi- 
 cials in flight. With a view of helping the stricken 
 Serbs, British and French troops landed at Salon- 
 ika but were not strong enough to accomplish any 
 important result. 
 
 War on the Sea. 1915. 
 
 On January 24 a naval battle took place in the 
 North Sea betw-een British and German cruiser 
 squadrons in which the German cruiser "Bluecher" 
 was sunk with a heavy loss of life. Germany's pi- 
 rate ships, "Dresden" and "Karlsruhe," were de- 
 stroyed, and the "Prinz Eitel Friedrich" and "Kron- 
 prinz VVilhelm" took refuge at Newport News, Va., 
 and were interned, later to be seized and used by the 
 United States against Germany. 
 
 Submarines played the most conspicuous part in 
 the war at sea and also in diplomatic controversies 
 arising from the manner in whicli they violated in- 
 ternational law. Both the British and French bat- 
 tle fleets suffered considerably from their activities, 
 but it was in the destruction of merchant shipping 
 that they excelled. German submarine attacks were 
 not confined to the ships of the countries with which 
 that nation was at war, but included those of any 
 neutral nation wherever such ships entered what 
 Germany chose to declare a war zone. Scores of 
 ships belonging to Norway, Sweden, Holland, Den- 
 mark and the United States were sent to the bot- 
 tom in the North Sea, in most cases without any 
 warning being given or a chance even for the crews 
 to escape. German.y justified her inhuman policy on 
 the ground that Great Britain had blockaded the Ger- 
 man coast and was attempting to starve the German 
 people into submission. On Feb. 4, 1915, the Ger- 
 mans issued tlieir famous War Zone proclamation. 
 
 A CAAIOUI 1-A(.1-,|J 1)Ul.iiLL 
 
 Here is shown one of the general dugouts used by the infan- 
 try and located from fifty to a hundred meters back of the 
 trenches. Notice how the roof of the dugout is concealed from 
 aerial observers by ropes strung across on which rafia, painted to 
 resemble the surrounding country, is strewn. Entrances to these 
 dugouts were always to the rear of the lines and usually at least 
 two exits were provided in case some big shell caved in one of 
 them. The interior was almost as large as an ordinary room 
 and an arrangement of cots in tiers made it possible to shelter 
 from 40 to 100 men in a single dugout. In position warfare 
 where these dugouts were used for months at a time elaborate 
 improvements were made, and in many instances both light and 
 heat were available. Note the rocket in the right hand corner. 
 These were set off to inform the artillery that a barrage was 
 needed or for other purposes of signalling. 
 
 332 
 

 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 OS 
 
 < 
 
 OS 
 
declaring the waters surrounding Great Britain and 
 Ireland, including the entire English Channel, to be 
 part of the war zone and threatened to destroy ev- 
 ery enemy merchant ship entering the zone. They 
 gave no assurance that even neutral ships would 
 be spared. In the three riionths following over 330 
 ships were sunk by Germany, varying from small 
 fishing schooners to the 32,000-ton "Lusitania." The 
 United States informed Germany at this time that 
 any overt act against a ship bearing the United States 
 flag would not be tolerated, and that they would 
 be held strictly accountable for any violation of the 
 neutralit}- of the United States. 
 
 Sinking of the Lusitania. 
 
 Sentiment in .\merica against Germany's ruthless 
 manner of conducting war was crystallized when the 
 great ocean liner "Lusitania" was torpedoed and 
 sunk without warning by a submarine off the coast 
 of Ireland on May 7. More than a thousand persons, 
 mostly women and children, were killed, 103 of 
 these being Americans, several of whom were prom- 
 inent persons. Germany contended that she had a 
 right to sink the ship, claiming that a powder cargo 
 was stored in her hold and that she was armed with 
 concealed cannon. This was found to be untrue and 
 a series of notes between the two countries followed 
 in which relations were strained almost to the 
 breaking point. That Germany gave full sanction 
 to the lawless act was later revealed when the com- 
 mander of the submarine effecting the sinking was 
 accorded special honor by the German government 
 for his "heroic" deed. 
 
 Diplomatic correspondence was also carried on 
 concerning the aerial attack on the American steam- 
 er "Gushing;" the torpedoing of the "Nebraskan" and 
 the destruction of the "William P. Frye," which 
 Germany admitted was contrary to one of her own 
 pledged treaties. Crermany's main protest was 
 against the exportation of munitions from the 
 United States to the Allies. .America's answer was 
 that were not Germany blockaded by England she 
 would have the same privilege of coming after mu- 
 nitions with her own ships and that the United 
 States couldn't be held responsible for Germany's 
 inability to obtain supplies. 
 
 Events in the United States. 
 
 On June 8 William J. Bryan resigned as secretary 
 of state, owing to a difference of opinion as to the 
 proper manner of conducting diplomatic correspon- 
 
 HUGE FRENCH R.MLRO.'^D GUN 
 
 This picture gives a slight idea of the size of the guns em- 
 ployed against the Germans by the French railroad artillery. The 
 most famous of these guns were the 420 mm. and the 500 mm. 
 guns. This corresponds to calibers of 17 and 20 inches. The 
 guns were mounted on immense cars and could be moved from 
 one front to another by means of a track which was laid as the 
 gun proceeded. These guns fired mainly upon ammunition depots, 
 railheads and especially important positions of great strength. 
 Balloons and aeroplanes were used to observe the effect of the 
 fire and make corrections in the range and direction as needed. 
 
 dence with Germany. He was succeeded by Robert 
 Lansing. .At this time several delicate controver- 
 sies arose between Great Britain and the United 
 States due to the detention of a number of cargo 
 ships in the British prize courts thought to be con- 
 traband. The matter was settled amicably. 
 
 Plots anil propaganda in the United States were 
 frequent. Many Germans in this country thought 
 they were doing their Fatherland a great service 
 by blowing up munition plants, bridges, etc. A strict 
 watch was necessary. Capt. Von Papen, German na- 
 val attache at Washington, and Capt. Boy-ed, the 
 military attache, were concerned in conspicuous 
 cases, declared no longer acceptable and were re- 
 called by Germany. Previous to this the recall of 
 Ambassador Dumba of .\ustria was asked for and 
 .Austria complied. 
 
 Raids by huge Zeppelin air ships on London were 
 common during 1915, though no military value could 
 be attached to their work. In all but 177 persons 
 were killed and 384 wounded, practically all being 
 civilians, including many women and children. Such 
 acts only served to intensify the feeling against Ger- 
 many not only in England but throughout the civ- 
 ilized world. 
 
 One of the outstanding cases of martyrdom of the 
 war was that of Miss Edith Cavell, an English nurse. 
 She was arrested by the Germans at Brussels Aug. 5, 
 and executed Aug. 12, charged with assisting fugi- 
 tives to escape from Belgium. Brand Whitlock, the 
 .American niinister to Belgium, tried hard to save 
 her life but his appeals were ignored. 
 
 In December, 1915, Gen. Sir Douglas Haig was 
 given command of all British forces fighting Ger- 
 many. Gen. Joffre also made iinportant changes 
 among the French division generals in the field. 
 
 1916. 
 
 The year 1916 brought forth some of the blood- 
 iest battles of the war, the most important of which 
 was the struggle for the possession of Verdun, the 
 battle of the Somme, the naval battle on the North 
 Sea off Jutland, the great Russian offensive in Ga- 
 licia and Bukowina, and the conquest by the Ger- 
 mans of Roumania. Other features of the year was 
 the restoration of the Polish Kingdom and the 
 drowning of Lord Kitchener, Great Britain's great 
 military organizer. 
 
 . Struggle for Verdun. 
 
 Probably no other area of similar size on any battle 
 front has been more thoroughly drenched in blood 
 than that of Verdun. Lying just to the west of a 
 range of high hills forming a barrier between the 
 two great armies, Verdun was a strategic point of 
 immense value. Beginning Feb. 22, 1916, the Ger- 
 mans determined to take the stronghold, and with 
 temporary intermissions the struggle continued until 
 tlie end of the year. In September the Germans were 
 within tliree miles of the city, which was bombarded 
 until there was not a single room in the entire 
 city untouched by artillery shells. Then the French 
 by rapid advances recaptured considerable of the 
 lost territory but the lines remained intact in this 
 vicinity until the end of the war. No reliable figures 
 have been compiled as to the loss of life but it is 
 conceded that over 500,000 gave their lives in the 
 struggle for the possession of Verdun. 
 
 Battle of the Somme. 
 
 Partly to relieve tlie pressure on Verdun, partly 
 to obtain the advantage of offensive warfare, the 
 British and French began a vigorous attack north 
 and south of the river Somme on July 1. It was 
 preceded by the usual heavy artillery bombardment 
 which caused great havoc in the German trenches, 
 
 234 
 
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 tJ 
 
 w 
 
 2 
 
 < 
 
 13 
 < 
 
 H 
 
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 t. 
 
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and when the infantry advanced the resistance met 
 with was very weak, the Allies advancing over a 
 front of thirty miles to a depth of over a mile. Ger- 
 man defensive works that had taken over a year to 
 construct, and which were held to be impregnable, 
 crumbled under the heavy fire of the big Allied 
 guns and had to be abandoned. Tanks were first 
 used by the Allies in this offensive. 
 
 Battle of Jutland. 
 
 What is recognized as one of the greatest naval 
 battles in history was fought between the main Brit- 
 ish and German fleets west of Jutland on May 31, 
 1916. The losses were heavier on the British side 
 so far as tonnage is concerned but relatively the 
 Germans suffered most. The tonnage of British 
 ships lost amount to ]]4,(l(tn with about 6,000 men 
 lost. Germany lost in tonnage 60,000 and in men 
 3.000. Since the signing of the armistice the Ger- 
 mans have settled the dispute as to who was the 
 victor in this naval battle by admitting that the Ger- 
 man fleet was so badly crippled that the naval com- 
 manders dared not venture another general engage- 
 ment with the British. 
 
 Lord Kitchener Drowned at Sea. 
 
 Field Marshal Earl Kitcliener, British Secretary 
 of State for War, long regarded as Great Britain's 
 foremost militarist, met an untimely death when he 
 and his staff were en route to Russia. The cruiser 
 "Hampshire" upon which they were passengers, was 
 either torpedoed or struck a mine while passing the 
 Orkney Islands. This disaster occurred on June 
 5th. The loss of Kitchener had important efTects 
 on Britain's war policy .'ind methods. 
 
 Russians Resume Offensive. 
 
 Re-equipped and armed and under the able lead- 
 ership of General Brussilof the Russian armies made 
 a bold advance, winning considerable territory in 
 the Southwest and took large numbers of prisoners. 
 The whole of Bukowina was taken and in Galicia 
 they advanced as far as Lemberg before halted. 
 
 The British suffered a reverse in the East when 
 Major General Charles Townshend with a force of 
 about 12.000 men were forced to surrender to the 
 Turks at Kut-el-Amara in Mesopotamia on April 29, 
 They were also forced to abandon the Gallipoli 
 campaign in the Dardenelles. 
 
 On the Austrian-Italian front there were two 
 movements of importance. Beginning May 15 the 
 Austrians, in a big drive, puslied the Italians back 
 across the frontier. Then, rallying under the com- 
 mand of Gen. Cadorna the Italians nullified the 
 early Austrian success. Later they also took the 
 .\ustrian positions along the Isonzo river and fi- 
 nally, on Aug. 9, stormed Goritz. occupied the strong 
 positions on Carsn plateau and tlireatened Trieste 
 with capture. 
 
 Roumania Overrun. 
 
 Roumania entered the war Aug. 27, 1916. Imme- 
 diatelj- her armies were sent across the Carpathian 
 mountains into Transylvania, where temporary suc- 
 cesses were won. Then the Germans under Gen. 
 Von Mackensen invaded the country from the north, 
 east and south, and advanced with such rapidity 
 that by December 9 they took possession of the 
 capital, Bucharest, and all but annihilated the Rou- 
 manian army. Jassy was made the capital of Rou- 
 mania. 
 
 Greece became a divided country. The Royal- 
 ists led by King Constantine, favored the Central 
 Powers while a large proportion of the people under 
 the statesman, Venizelos, declared war on Germany 
 and took an active part in the figliting in Macedonia. 
 
 Trouble for Britain in the form of a revolt in 
 Ireland, fostered mainly by the Sinn Fein Society, 
 commenced April 24. The revolt was crushed in 
 one week, though many lives were lost. The most 
 prominent man connected with the uprising was Sir 
 Roger Casement, who induced Germany to send in a 
 shipload of arms. He was apprehended trying to 
 land the munitions, tried for treason and executed 
 August 3. 
 
 Atrocious Deportations. 
 
 In .\pril and May approximately 25,000 French 
 women and girls were forcibly taken by the Germans 
 from their homes in Lille, Turcoing and Roubaix 
 and sent to work in the harvest fields and factories 
 of Germany. A systematic deportation was also 
 carried on throughout the whole of Belgium. These 
 inhuman deportations raised a cry of protest through- 
 out the entire civilized world, to which the Germans 
 paid no heed. 
 
 .'\nother revolting deed of the Germans was the 
 execution of Capt. Charles Fryatt on July 27. He 
 had been captured with his ship and though a non- 
 combatant was tried on the charge of attempting to 
 ram the submarine which captured him. He was 
 found guilty and shot. 
 
 Germany continued her submarine warfare against 
 the merchant shipping of the entente powers and all 
 neutrals as well. Their operations extended to all 
 waters and no ship was safe from the underseas 
 raiders. The break between the United States and 
 Germany could be seen approaching, due to the sub- 
 marine policy of Germany, as ship after ship, either 
 American or carrying .\merican passengers, was 
 sunk. The sentiment in Congress was against dis- 
 couraging Americans from taking passage on ships 
 which might be endangered, but for protecting their 
 rights as citizens of a neutral country. 
 
 Germany's first peace offer came as a surprise. 
 On Dec. 12, 1916, she presented a formal note ex- 
 pressing a desire to enter into negotiations but spec- 
 ified no terms. The offer was considered insincere 
 and was rejected. 
 
 The possibilities of the submarine were demon- 
 strated when in July the monster U-boat, "Deutsch- 
 land," evaded the blockade and landed in the United 
 States with a valuable cargo on board which she 
 exchanged for other products. 
 
 It was during the year 1916 that the question of 
 national defense or "preparedness" began to agi- 
 tate the public mind in the United States. The con- 
 troversies with the powers already at war and the 
 Mexican question showed up some of the weaknesses 
 of the American military system, and made it appar- 
 
 P.\RTLV DESTROYED VILL.'\GE 
 
 Tvpical of many I'rench villages near the front which were 
 all but ruined. While the stone walls of the houses still remain 
 in many instances the roofs are all caved in and hardly a room 
 is untouched. The farmers of France do not live alone on their 
 land as they do in the United States but the peasants for two or 
 three miles around group together, going out to their land each 
 morning. Thus it is seldom one ever travels over two miles 
 without coming to some village of two or three hundred inhabi- 
 tants. This accounts for the large number of villages destroyed 
 in the German advances. 
 
 236 
 
GERMAN MACHINE GUN NESTS— ALSO USED AS OBSEKXATIUN FUSTS 
 
ent that the United States should be prepared to re- 
 sist aggression from any source. Preparedness pa- 
 rades were held throughout the country and the Pres- 
 ident made a tour speaking in behalf of a reserve 
 army of half a million men. .Appropriations for both 
 a larger army and navy were made by Congress and 
 the country was awakened to the issue, though there 
 was considerable opposition from many quarters 
 where the public could not see how close the coun- 
 try actually was to war. 
 
 1917. 
 
 The outstanding feature of events during 1917 
 was the entry of the United States into the war, 
 for it proved to be the decisive factor in bringing 
 the conflict to a termination just 19 months later. 
 Second in importance was the Russian revolution 
 which was as unexpected as it was sensational. 
 That the United States would become involved in 
 the war had been foreseen, but that Czar Nicholas 
 II would lose his crown liad not even been dreamt 
 of. Other events of I'JIT were the dethroning of the 
 Greek king, Constantine; the capture of Jerusalem 
 by the British; and the attempts of Germany to se- 
 cure a peace to which she %vas not entitled. 
 
 On January 22 President Wilson made his last 
 plea to all the warring nations to reach some basis 
 upon which peace might be declared. Within a 
 week after this appeal the German government an- 
 nounced that after Feb. 1 it would carry on an un- 
 restricted submarine warfare in all the waters sur- 
 rounding Great Britain, France and Italy. It would, 
 however, permit the United States to use one_ nar- 
 row lane to Falmouth, England, with one sailing a 
 week, provided the ships were painted a certam 
 color and carried certain distinguishing markings. 
 This program was of course in direct violation of all 
 promises made by Germany to the United States, 
 and President Wilson acted promptly. On Feb. 3, 
 191T, he announced to the Senate and the House in 
 joint session that Ambassador Bernstorff had been 
 given his passports and that diplomatic relations 
 with Germany had been severed. The Senate ap- 
 proved the action of the President in breaking with 
 Germany by a vote of 78 to 5. Formal notice was 
 given March 12 that American merchant ships trav- 
 ersing the barred areas would be armed to protect 
 themselves against any attacks by submarines. In 
 the meantime the Germans, risking their all in the 
 ruthless submarine campaign, sank ship after ship 
 with loss of American lives. It was felt that ac- 
 tion could be no longer delayed and a special ses- 
 sion of Congress was called for April 2 and the 
 President asked that war be declared against Ger- 
 many. 
 
 ..'f-'vsas*!®^^ 
 
 ENTRA. 
 
 DUGOUT 
 
 Where the ground was more or less level, the entrances to 
 the dugouts looked like holes in the ground. A staircase leads 
 down at an angle of 45 degrees into the underground chamber 
 which was usually 6 feet high, from one to two yards wide and 
 as long as necessary. In building these dugouts the excavated dirt 
 had to be carried' away at night, as there must be no sign of 
 activity in the vicinity. Sometimes the work was done during the 
 day under a large camouflaged screen. 
 
 Congress formally declared the existence of a 
 state of war between the United States and Ger- 
 many on April 6, 1917. After taking this momen- 
 tous step Congress, urged by the President, passed 
 measures for the immediate creation of a national 
 army, the e.xpansion of the national guard, the ma- 
 rine corps and the navy. It passed laws against 
 espionage, trading with the enemy and the unlawful 
 manufacture and use of explosives during the war. 
 It provided for the insurance of soldiers and sailors, 
 the priority of shipments, for the seizure of enemy 
 ships in our harbors, the conserving of the food and 
 fuel supply in our country, for stimulating agri- 
 culture, for increasing the air forces, for extending 
 additional credit to our Allies, for issuing bonds and 
 providing additional revenues for the carrying on 
 of the war. Between the declaration of war and 
 Oct. 6, when the special session adjourned, it had 
 appropriated and expended the huge sum of nearly 
 twenty billion dollars. 
 
 At the regular session of Congress beginning Dec. 
 3, 1917, the President asked that war be declared 
 against Austria-Hungary, and this was done at once. 
 
 Having once taken a course of action the United 
 States bent every possible energy toward bringing 
 the war to a quick close. Volunteers were called 
 to serve in the regular army, the national guard, the 
 marine corps and the navy. But the creation of 
 the new National .-Xrmy through the selective draft 
 system was the trump card in securing an army with 
 the greatest possible speed. To provide officers for 
 the contemplated large army, officers' training catnps 
 were established in all parts of the country, these 
 camps or schools providing for a three months' 
 course. 
 
 Men between the ages of 21 and 30, numbering 
 9,1)83,44.5, registered on June 5, under the act of 
 May 18, which provided for the temporary increase 
 of the military forces of the nation, the number 
 needed being apportioned among the several states. 
 The total number to be called under the first draft 
 was 687,000. In the meantime 16 great training can- 
 tonments had been constructed and on Sept. 5 the 
 first of the selected men began arriving for train- 
 ing. Mobilization camps for the national guard 
 were created in the south and here those troops 
 underwent intensive training. Naval training sta- 
 tions and regular army mobilization camps were also 
 scenes of great activity. Strenuous efforts were 
 made toward liuilding up the aviation forces of the 
 country, and in this connection the invention of 
 the Liberty motor was hailed as a great triumph. 
 
 The coriservation of the country's food and fuel 
 resources was another important step. Herbert C. 
 Hoover was appointed Food Administrator and did 
 particularly effective work throughout the war. The 
 Council of National Defense and its advisory com- 
 mittees did a great work in classifying and making 
 available for war the vast resources of the United 
 States. 
 
 To counteract the ravages of the submarine the 
 United States undertook to build enough ships both 
 for her Allies and herself tliat the available tonnage 
 would increase instead of diminish under losses the 
 enemy were able to inflict. 
 
 Financing the War. 
 
 To meet in part tlie tremendous expense involved 
 in creating an adequate army and navy, in carrying 
 on the war and making loans to our Allies, the Sec- 
 retary of the Treasury issued bonds, the first series 
 bearing 3% per cent interest and the second series 
 4 per cent. The loans were know^n as "liberty loans" 
 and the bonds as "liberty bonds." The first bonds 
 were offered May 2 and the second series Oct. 1. 
 The amounts were two billion and three billion re- 
 spectively. The subscriptions for the first loaji 
 amounted to over three billions and the second to 
 
 238 
 
over four billion six hundred thousand. Only one 
 half of the over-subscription to the second loan was 
 accepted. 
 
 Besides being called upon to purchase bonds the 
 people of the country were asked to contribute vast 
 sums to army and navy welfare work carried on 
 through the Red Cross, the Young Men's Christian 
 Association. Knights of Columbus, Salvation Army 
 and various other agencies doing relief and welfare 
 work in Europe and .\merica, providing comforts for 
 the men in training or in the field. To the Red 
 Cross alone more than $100,000,000 was given in 
 May and June, and additional millions in December. 
 In November $35,000,000 was raised in a week for 
 the Y. M. C. A. fund. 
 
 The U. S. Navy. 
 
 Tlie United States navy lost no time in getting 
 into action. Its operations were secret for a time 
 but it was known that our ships were relieving the 
 other Allies of part of the work of patrolling the 
 high seas outside the submarine area. Within that 
 area a large fleet of torpedo boat destroyers were 
 at work under the command of Vice Admiral Wil- 
 liam S. Sims. They did effective work both in 
 sinking submarines and acting as convoys for trans- 
 ports going through the war zone. Only a few 
 ships of the United States were lost from mines or 
 submarines. 
 
 U. S. Forces in France. 
 
 It was particularly desired that some United 
 States forces should be sent to France at once, 
 more for the moral effect this would have on the 
 Allies than for what a comparatively small number 
 of troops could accomplish in actual fi.ghting. It 
 was announced May 14 that an expeditionary force 
 of about one division of regulars under command of 
 Maj. Gen. John J. Pershing would be sent to France. 
 Gen. Persliing had become well known in connection 
 with the expedition to Mexico in 1916 and the clinice 
 of a commander was popular. He arrived in Eng- 
 land June S and in France June 13. The first contin- 
 gent of troops reached France June 27 and the sec- 
 ond a few days later. By a special Act of Congress 
 Gen. Pershing was given command of the expedi- 
 tionary forces and raised to the rank of a full gen- 
 eral. 
 
 To give the troops actual experience in trench 
 fighting a number of them, including artillery and 
 infantry, were sent into a part of the line held by the 
 French. Here the first United States casualties oc- 
 curred. On Nov. 3 a German raiding party at- 
 tacked a trench occupied by the .Americans, killing 
 three, wounding five and taking eleven prisoners. A 
 number of other men were killed or wounded by shell 
 tire. What casualties the Germans suffered was 
 not learned as they were able to carry off their dead 
 and wounded. 
 
 Plots at Home. 
 
 While the American soldiers and sailors were fac- 
 ing the enemy on the front the government at home 
 was menaced by German plotters and sympathizers. 
 Acts of violence, the destruction of shipyards and 
 munition plants and bridges were among the works 
 of the agents of Germany, who had as their allies 
 the I. W. W. The most sensational disclosure of 
 the activities of German plotters was made by the 
 State department when it gave the information that 
 Germany's foreign minister, Dr. Alfred Zimmerman, 
 had formulated plans for an attack on the United 
 States by Japan and Mexico. .Another revelation 
 which aroused world-wide interest was the publica- 
 tion of the famous Luxburg cables from Buenos 
 Aires to Berlin advising that all Argentine ships be 
 "spurlos versenkt" (sunk without a trace). This was 
 part of the inside information possessed by the Pres- 
 
 ident before the declaration of war. Because of plot- 
 tings and the inhuman methods practiced by the 
 Germans, the following nations cast their lot with 
 the United States as against Germany in 191T: 
 Cuba, Panama, Greece, Brazil, Siam, Liberia and 
 China. In addition the following severed diplo- 
 matic relations with the Central Powers: Bolivia, 
 Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Haiti, Costa Rica, 
 Peru and Uruguay. Thus nineteen countries, with 
 population of 1.300,000,000 were arrayed against the 
 Central Empires. 
 
 Revolution in Russia. 
 
 The facts with reference to the upheaval in Rus- 
 sia are briefly as follows: The Duma was dissolved 
 by the Czar March 11 but on the following day it 
 declared that the government had been overthrown 
 and that a new democratic .government was in 
 process of formation. In the town of PskofT on 
 March 15 Czar Nicholas was forced to abdicate and 
 was imprisoned in his palace. Later he was sent 
 to Tobolsk. The new government at first was in 
 the hands of such capable men as Michael V. Rod- 
 zainko. Prince George E. Lyoff and Prof. Paul N. 
 Milyoukov. It soon developed, however, that the 
 more radical elements of the revolutionists were in 
 control of the army and the working classes in the 
 cities, and these were determined to quit the war 
 and make peace according to their formula of "no 
 annexations and no indemnities." 
 
 Because the new government did not stick close 
 enough to this formula but preferred to keep faith 
 with the Allies by refusing to make a separate peace 
 it was compelled in May to give way to a new min- 
 istry, in which Alexander Kerensky, a socialist, was 
 the ruling spirit. Recognizing the difficulties the 
 Russian democracy had to deal with the United 
 States sent several important missions to Petrograd 
 to give such assistance as might be deemed pos- 
 sible. One such mission of a political character 
 was headed by former Senator Elihu Root. 
 
 On July 20 Kerensky became premier and in spite 
 of increasing insubordination in the army con- 
 tinued in the saddle for some weeks. One of the 
 incidents of his career as the head of the state was 
 the proclamation on Sept. 14 of Russia as a republic. 
 Kerensk}', however, was not radical enough for the 
 extremists and on Nov. 7 he was deposed Ijy a coun- 
 ter-revolution led by Leon Trotzky and Nikolai 
 Lenine. Later Lenine was made premier and Trotz- 
 ky foreign minister and they promptly made over- 
 tures to Germany for an armistice. This was grant- 
 
 UbI 
 
 BAKEEi) WIRE ENTANGLEMENTS 
 
 A good view of the barbed wire defenses which both sides 
 used in war. Posts were set deep and firm in the ground and 
 the wire wound tightly from one to the other, forming an 
 intricate mass. The depth of the zone covered varied from ■five 
 to ten yards. Instead of taking a straight course the entangle- 
 ments usually zigzagged so as to make it more difficult for the 
 opposing artillery to destroy it. Pat,;s tl-rough the wire to allow 
 our troops to get through for reconnoitering were blocked by 
 wire spools, like the one seen in the lower right hand corner. 
 The wire was seldom constructed over two and a half feet high. 
 
 240 
 
ed and peace negotiations were under way in De- 
 cember. 
 
 Grecian King Deposed. 
 
 King Constantine of Greece was deposed by the 
 Allied powers on June 12, 1917, and succeeded by 
 his son. Prince Alexander, who was friendly to the 
 Allies. The provisional government under Venizelos 
 joined with the new royalty, which settled the deli- 
 cate situation in Greece. 
 
 Many submarines were sunk during the latter 
 part of 1917, due to the alertness of the Allied fleets, 
 which now included the United States. There was 
 also an immense system of mines and nets laid by 
 the British with American aid in the North Sea, 
 which proved very effective. 
 
 British Capture Jerusalem. 
 
 The British forces carried on a successful cam- 
 paign from Egypt against the Turks and Germans in 
 the Holy Land. In January they routed the enemy 
 troops at Rafa and on March 26 inflicted a severe 
 defeat on them in the vicinity of Gaza. Under the 
 able leadership of Gen. E. H. Allenby the British 
 pressed on toward the north, taking Beersheba Oct. 
 31, Gaza Nov. 7, Jafifa Nov. 7, and Jerusalem Dec. 
 11. On Christmas day it was announced that Beth- 
 lehem had also been taken by the British. This suc- 
 cessful campaign in Palestine appealed strongly to 
 the entire Christian world. 
 
 On the Italian front successes were first on one 
 side and then on the other. In May and again in 
 August Gen. Cadorna inflicted severe defeats on the 
 Austrians on the Carso and Bainsizza plateaus. 
 Then in October heavy Austrian and German forces 
 under the leadership of Field Marshal von Mack- 
 ensen attacked the northern part of the Isonzo line 
 and. aided by the treacherous weakening of certain 
 Italian troops at Caporetto, drove Gen. Cadorna's 
 forces first to the line of the Tagliamento and then 
 to the line of the Piave river. Here the Italians 
 made a stand and were able to hold back the enemy 
 in the face of most furious attacks. 
 
 On the East front the Russians made their last 
 advance July 1 when in eastern Galicia they cap- 
 tured Brezany, Halicz, and other places with some 
 30,000 prisoners. After that the Russian armies 
 refused to obey their commanders and it was an 
 easy matter for the Germans to recover the lost 
 
 CITY LEVELLED TO THE GROUND 
 
 A number of French villages suffered as badly as this picture 
 shows. This town contained from twenty to thirty stone houses, 
 a church, butcher shop and general store. After the Germans 
 laid it low, because they thought someone might be observing 
 from its towers, nothing remained but piles of stone and here 
 and there part of a wall. Even the trees were mostly clipped 
 close to the roots. Such a place looks more like a graveyard 
 than anything it can be compared with as some sort of a jjiliar 
 of rocks or angular remains of walls still mark the places where 
 French homes formerly stood. After the Germans retreated 
 from areas like this many of the former inhabitants would return 
 to search for some vestige of their belongings, only to experience 
 a bitter disappointment. 
 
 ground and advance still further. In the early part 
 of September the Germans crossed the Dvina river 
 and Riga soon fell into their hands, together with 
 certain islands in the Baltic. Then came the dis- 
 graceful truce and peace negotiations. 
 
 Struggles on the Western Front. 
 
 Fierce and bloody fighting continued on the west- 
 ern front throughout the greater part of the year. 
 The advantage in the inain was with the British and 
 the French who maintained the initiative and de- 
 livered many telling blows. The Germans were not 
 able to do much in the way of retaliation, though 
 they won a measure of success against the British 
 at the extreme northern end of the line in Belgium 
 and on Nov. 30 at Cambria. On the other liand the 
 British won notable victories in the vicinity of Lens, 
 Arras and along the Ypres-Menin road. One of 
 the notable features of the fighting was the capture 
 by Canadian troops of Vimy Ridge in April. Gen. 
 Sir Julian Byng won a brilliant victory by a surprise 
 attack in the Cainbria sector November 20-22. He 
 took a considerable area of fortified territory and 
 about 10,000 prisoners, but the effect of the triumph 
 was offset to some extent by the successful counter 
 attack made by the Germans a few days later. The 
 French also carried out a number of successful of- 
 fensives. On April 16 they took the Gerinan first and 
 second lines on a twenty-five mile front in the Sois- 
 sons-Rheims sector and captured 20,000 Germans 
 together with about seventy-five heavy guns. On 
 May 4 they captured Craonne and the adjacent ter- 
 ritory. They fought successfully along the Chemin 
 des Dames, on the Californie plateau, at Cerney 
 and many other places. All the efforts of the Ger- 
 man crown prince to advance in the Verdun sector 
 proved costly failures. On Oct. 23 the French 
 smashed through the German lines north of the 
 Aisne to a depth of more than two miles, taking 
 the strongholds of Allemant, Vaudesson, Malmaison 
 fort and Chavignon. 
 
 1918. 
 
 At the beginning of the final year of the war, the 
 attention of the world was directed to the negotia- 
 tions of the Bolshevik extremists of Russia, led by 
 Lenine and Trotzky. and Germany. Parleys were 
 held at Brest-Litovsk beginning Dec. 22, 1918 and 
 ending March 3, 1918, when Russia signed the peace 
 with Germany. The terms of this peace were es- 
 sentially in violation of all Russia had contended 
 for, and virtually robbed her of her richest prov- 
 inces. It was such a peace as only traitors to their 
 country could have been guilty of signing, and 
 shows the extent of the work of the German agents. 
 After the signing of the peace Russia was in a de- 
 plorable condition. Much suffering, famine, riots 
 and revolution resulted. Siberia broke away from 
 the Bolslievik and set up an independent government, 
 seeking Allied aid. 
 
 With the collapse of Russia the German armies on 
 the eastern front were released for fighting else- 
 where and the Allies, already drained in man-power, 
 began to look to the United States to balance the 
 elimination of Russia. The United States was quick 
 to respond with men, money and material. In view 
 of the danger attending the transportation of troops 
 over 3,000 miles of submarine-infested waters, the 
 record made by .\merica is one that can be only 
 viewed as remarkable. By November over 2,000,000 
 .\merican soldiers were on European soil. This 
 immense number was transported without the loss of 
 a single eastbound transport. While the troops 
 were being rushed to Europe, preparations were be- 
 ing made to have 4,000.000 more men ready by the 
 spring of 1919, in which year it was thought that 
 Germany must collapse. 
 
 Next in importance to the army and navy was 
 
 S43 
 
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the building of enough merchant ships to offset 
 the ravages of the submarine. Under the leader- 
 ship of Charles M. Schwab, director-general of the 
 emergency fleet corporation, the work in the ship- 
 yards was speeded up until ships were being built 
 at the rate of 5,000,000 tons per year. 
 
 With good harvests in 1017, and the practice of 
 economy in the consumption of flour and meats, in 
 accordance with the recommendations of the food 
 administration, and with increased shipping facili- 
 ties, the United States was able not only to feed her- 
 self but the Allies as well. The American record in 
 this respect won the gratitude and admiration of 
 every nation in Europe aligned with the Entente. 
 
 Cost of Fighting. 
 
 In times of peace the United States spent less 
 than one billion dollars per year. In 191S the out- 
 lay by mid-year was at the rate of fifty million dol- 
 lars a day. The actual outlay for the fiscal year 
 ending June 30, 1918, was more than $12,600,000,000. 
 The United States before the end of the war had 
 loaned to the Allies more than eight billion dollars. 
 Two more liberty loans were issued in 1918 — one for 
 three billion and one for six billion dollars. In both 
 cases the amounts were largely oversubscribed. 
 
 Besides buying war bonds the people of the 
 United States in May contributed considerably more 
 than $100,000,000 to the American Red Cross war 
 fund. They also subscribed millions to other war 
 service funds. It was a year of genuine giving. 
 
 Nations declaring war in 1918 were: Guatemala 
 against Germany, April 21; Nicaragua against Ger- 
 many, May 7; Costa Rica against Germany and Aus- 
 tria-Hungary, May 24; Haiti against Germany, July 
 15; Honduras against Germany, July 19. 
 
 American Military Activities. 
 
 Until March, 1918, the American troops in France 
 saw little actual fighting, though a number were 
 under fire while getting the finishing touches of their 
 training in front trenches. On January 21 the Amer- 
 icans took informal charge of a sector near Toul. 
 Minor encounters took place January 30 and Febru- 
 ary 4, the latter on a Lorraine sector, which resulted 
 in several casualties. Other similar affairs took 
 place from time to time. On February 26 five Amer- 
 icans were killed and 100 or more disabled in a gas 
 attack. On March 1 in the Toul sector they re- 
 pulsed a heavy German raid, killing many. On 
 March 6 it was announced that the Americans were 
 holding an eight-mile front in France. On Marcli 
 10 Secretary of War Newton D. Baker arrived in 
 France and inspected the American forces. 
 
 Germany's Great Spring Offensive. 
 
 Having settled the Russian situation the Germans 
 prepared to deliver a great thrust on the west front, 
 by which they hoped to sweep all before them and 
 win the war. The date of the opening of the at- 
 tack was set for March 21. Concentration of troops 
 was effected with the greatest secrecy, movements 
 being made by night only. Over 200 divisions were 
 assembled, newly equipped and confident that this 
 would be the last struggle of a victorious war. The 
 aim of the Germans was to split the French and Brit- 
 ish armies, roll up the British right flank, and deal 
 a death blow b\' a second advance through Flanders. 
 The Allies' plan was to allow tlie Germans to strike 
 and sustain the blow successfully. Every contingen- 
 cy was provided for though the French knew they 
 were greatly outnumbered. 
 
 On March 21 the Germans attacked along the Brit- 
 ish front from the Oise to the Scarpe rivers, a dis- 
 tance of fifty miles, and drove Gen. Haig's troops 
 back for twenty miles or more, capturing Chauny, 
 
 Ham, Peronne, Bapaunie, Nesle, Roye and many 
 other places. The French were also driven back 
 and lost Montdidier, Noyon and other towns. The 
 Germans attempted, by driving toward Amiens, to 
 separate the French and British armies, intending to 
 roll up each in turn, but after some victories in Flan- 
 ders and on the French front, they were finally 
 stopped. They had advanced some thirty-five miles 
 and retaken the greater part of the ground aban- 
 doned in the Hindenburg retreat. The Allies lost 
 heavily in killed, wounded and prisoners, but the 
 Germans being tlie aggressors, lost still more men. 
 This was especially true in the battle of Ypres on 
 .-Xpril 9, when they were defeated by a combined 
 British and French force. 
 
 On March 28, in the height of the great battle, 
 the Allies came to an agreement to place all their 
 forces from the Arctic ocean to the Mediterranean 
 under one supreme command. The man chosen for 
 this task, commanding the mightiest armed host the 
 world had ever assembled, was the great French 
 strategist, Gen. Foch. On March 29 Gen. Pershing 
 placed all of the .American forces at Gen. Foch's 
 disposal and the offer was accepted. On the fol- 
 lowing day the American troops not already at the 
 front began their march to take part in the battle. 
 For several montlis they were brigaded with the 
 French and British, all the way from the North Sea 
 to Switzerland. 
 
 On April 8 the Germans began a new offensive 
 on the whole British front and won a number of 
 victories in the LaBasse canal region and else- 
 where, forcing the defenders to evacuate Armentiers 
 and pushing them back to the Messines Ridge. By 
 April 9 the Germans had advanced even farther. 
 
 Important Battle Phases. 
 
 The sector chosen for the first attack was a front 
 of 80 kilometers from Arras to Chauny, held en- 
 tirely by two British armies. Gen. Byng's arm^' on 
 the left held admirably but Gen. Gough on the right 
 was forced back toward Amiens, wdiich had been 
 the German's first objective. This retreat put Paris 
 in danger and the Germans were quick to see the 
 possibilities, but they reckoned without the French, 
 who, though outnumbered three to one, fought so 
 desperately in the Oise valley that they held the 
 Germans until reinforcements arrived. The Ger- 
 mans were repulsed and gave up their attempt on 
 Paris, turnin.g their attention again to Amiens. In 
 the meantime anotlier French army began operating 
 to the left of the army tliat blocked the road to 
 
 TRENCH .\FTER BOMBARDMENT 
 
 Tliis photograiih shows what a strongly fortified trench looked 
 like after a severe artillery bombardment. .Just a ditch half 
 filled with loose stones and jagged iron projections remains of a 
 highly systematized and modern trench fortification. Under such 
 a bombardment the infantry usually retired to the dugouts where 
 they waited the signal of the enemy advance that was sure to 
 follow the bombardment. When enough artillery was employed 
 to do as much damage as shown in this illustration it was usually 
 the best policy to retire to the second trenches. 
 
 244 
 
THE HOUR OF THE ARMISTICE 
 
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 Courtesy of Veterans Publishing Co., 271 W. i^stli St., New York. 
 
 Upper part of this picture shows the position of all forces at the hour the armistice was signed. The 
 lower section shows the principal special divisional and other insignia officially recognized by the war 
 department. Large and more detailed prints of this chart, printed in true colors, may be procured from the 
 address above given. 
 
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 l-KENCH VILI.A(;K— I'UBLIC WASH TROUGH IN F( )K i;( ,l<( : r M > 
 
Paris, and eventually connected up with the rem- 
 nant of Gen. Cough's battered forces and the line 
 was once more intact. From Hangard to Tilloy, on 
 a twelve-mile front, this army was outnumbered ten 
 to one, yet held out until the arrival of help equal- 
 ized the fight. The last general offensive against 
 Amiens was made April 4. The Germans were 
 stopped within nine miles of their objective. 
 
 The second phase of the big offensive commenced 
 April 10 against the British and Portuguese on a 
 front of fifteen miles from LaBasse to near Ypres. 
 The Germans broke the British center, which was 
 held by Portuguese troops but the attack finally 
 lost its intensity without much ground being gained. 
 
 Nature of the Fighting. 
 
 The German method of attack was as fol- 
 lows: A preparatory bombardment, brief but 
 intense, began at inidnight on March 21, and lasted 
 six hours. Within this period 1,, 500. 000 shells were 
 fired by a single army. Most of the shells con- 
 tained gas and were intended less to destroy the Brit- 
 ish trenches than to destroy their occupants. 
 
 The infantry attacked in successive waves. The 
 waves swept over the zone of trenches, leaving sucli 
 groups of British as still resisted to be dealt with 
 by groups of special troops which followed the 
 waves. Once in the open the waves advanced suc- 
 cessively under constant artillery and machine gun 
 barrages. All units had orders to advance as far and 
 fast as possible. The troops were all provided with 
 three days' rations and two days' water. 
 
 Behind the fighting troops a large number of re- 
 serves were assembled with which to fill the gaps in 
 the ranks and reconstitute the divisions as quickly 
 as possible. Airplanes played no great part in the 
 German ofl'ensive, although bombing planes were 
 used nightly to bomb the French and British rear, 
 with a view to terrorization. 
 
 Tactics Pursued by Allies. 
 
 The Allies' tactics were not complicated. Once 
 open fighting was resumed they had simply to de- 
 fend their ground stubbornly with rifle and machine 
 gun fire, counter-attacking with the bayonet when- 
 ever that seemed expedient. They were outnum- 
 bered and reserves were used sparingly. 
 
 The first French troops engaged were cavalry, 
 who fought dismounted. The infantry were trans- 
 ported on camions, which during the critical days 
 went right into the zone of fire, the troops climbing 
 
 GEK.MA.V PILL BOX 
 
 The German system of defense was to fortify an area instead 
 
 e 
 difficult to capture, and forcing the enemy to fight inch 
 
 of only the front line leading into that area, making the entire 
 ground difficult to capture, and forcing the enemy to fight inch 
 by inch. Part of this plan was the employment of "pill boxes.' 
 
 These were constructed of steel boxes buried in the ground 
 with steel flanges over-hanging, leaving a slit of a couple of inches 
 through which the machine gunners and riflemen fired. Being 
 small they were hard for the artillery to discover and they 
 infested an area large enough to make it costly for any one 
 to attack them. Their main disadvantage lay in the isolation of 
 the troops without any satisfactory means of leadership. 
 
 down and forming firing lines immediately. The Al- 
 lies' artillery in most instances reached the battle- 
 field before the Germans and played a great part in 
 checking the German advance. This was especially 
 true of the French field pieces. As the Allies were 
 constantly endeavoring to stabilize the lines they 
 dug trenches wherever possible. 
 
 Allies Superior in the Air. 
 
 Throughout the battle the Allies' aviation service 
 completely dominated that of the enemy. French 
 and British fighting planes attacked the German in- 
 fantry from low altitudes with machine guns, while 
 bombing planes both day and night dropped bombs 
 not only on enemy reserves but on the actual firing 
 line, thus temporarily replacing the heavy artillery. 
 
 The German plan was well conceived and exe- 
 cuted with good strategy, good tactics and good 
 morale but reckoned on a superiority which they 
 did not possess. The Allies' preparation, strategy 
 and tactics also proved good and the situation, mo- 
 mentarily critical both in Picardy and Flanders, 
 was soon re-established. 
 
 The Germans claimed to have taken from the Brit- 
 ish more than 100.000 prisoners and about 3,000 
 guns, including trench tnortars, and from the French 
 2,000 prisoners. The French and British each took 
 about 2,000 prisoners. 
 
 America's First Real Fight. 
 
 On the 20th of April the Americans had their 
 first serious encounter with the Germans. This was 
 at Seicheprey, a village near Renners forest. The 
 Gerinans captured the place but the Americans by a 
 counter attack recovered the lost ground. On the 
 25th and 26th the Germans took Mont Kemmel, 
 Dranoutre and St. Eloi, while the British recaptured 
 Villers-Brctonneaux. Fighting of a more or less 
 local character continued throughout the rest of 
 the month and in May with varying fortunes. 
 
 Third Phase of Offensive. 
 
 On May 27 the Germans began another great ofifen- 
 sive, taking the Chemin des Dames from the French 
 and crossing the Aisne river. On the following day 
 they crossed the Vesle river at Fismes. On this day 
 also the Americans won their first notable victory 
 by capturing the village of Cantigny and taking 200 
 prisoners. This position was held against many sub- 
 sequent counter attacks. Soissons was taken by the 
 Germans May 29th and on the 30th they occupied 
 Fere-en-Tardenois and Vezily. On the 31st they 
 readied Chateau Thierry and other points on the 
 Marne, where they were halted by the French. 
 Fighting of a spirited character continued for a few 
 days longer but the Germans could advance no far- 
 ther in that direction at that time. 
 
 Chouy and Neuilly-St. Front fell to the Germans 
 on June 1. On the following four days they took 
 Pernant and a few villages but the French by 
 counter attacks recaptured Pongport. Corey, Troes- 
 nes and some other places. On June 6 Ainerican 
 marines by a spirited attack gained two miles on 
 a two and a half mile front near Veuilly-la-Poterie, 
 taking Hill 143 near Torcy and entering Torcy itself. 
 On the following day. with French aid, they com- 
 pleted the capture of Vilny, Veuilly-la-Poterie, Bus- 
 siaries, Belleau and the heights southeast of Haute- 
 Vesnes. In a second battle northwest of Chateau 
 Thierry the Americans advanced nearly two and a 
 half miles on a six-mile front, taking about 300 pris- 
 oners. In these battles the American troops con- 
 firmed the impression that as fighters they were 
 equal to their allies and that with more experience 
 they would be as good as the best. 
 
 346 
 
MOTORIZED ARTILLERY ON WAY TO FRONT 
 
 CARCASS OF HORSE BLOWN INTO TREE BY HIGH EXPLOSIVE SHELL 
 
Fourth Phase of Offensive. 
 
 On June 9 the Germans began the fourth phase 
 of the offensive by attacking between Montdidier 
 and the Oise river, advancing about four miles and 
 taking several villages. On the ne.xt day they took 
 the villages of Merv. Belloy and St. Maur and claimed 
 the capture of 8.000 French. On this day the Amer- 
 ican marines took the greater part of Belleau Woods. 
 On June 11 they completed the capture of Belleau 
 Woods, taking liOO prisoners and much war material. 
 The French at tlie same time were winning impor- 
 tant local victories and by June 14 the German offen- 
 sive was recognized as a distinct failure. .A.t this 
 time the United States liad over a million men in 
 France. 
 
 Allies Turn the Tide. 
 
 The final German offensive beginning July 1.5th 
 was scheduled to receive a severe setback from the 
 Americans. West of Rheims the enemy succeed- 
 ed in crossing the Marne and was making a drive up 
 its valley toward Kpernay. This drive was the 
 high tide of the German advance. Chateau Thierry 
 stood between them and their goal and it was here 
 that they encountered the U. S. Marines who, as- 
 sisted by the U. S. Infantry, put up one of the most 
 desperate and stubborn liglits of the war. It was on 
 July 18th that the marines stopped the German ad- 
 vance and out of 8,000 men their casualties were 
 0,000. Belleau Woods was retaken time and again, 
 and finally the Germans were driven out for good. 
 The little chateau of Thierry, which held a strategic 
 position in the Marne valley, where the German ad- 
 vance came, suddenly liccame the watchword of 
 American endeavor. Tlic marines w-ere immortal- 
 ized. 
 
 Then Gen. Foch, who seemed to have information 
 of the Crown Prince's plans, prepared a mammoth 
 surprise againse the Germans' right flank. On Thurs- 
 day morning, July IS, a heavy blow was launched 
 all the way from Chateau Thierry to the Aisne river 
 northwest of Soissons. The Teutons were taken 
 completely by surprise and town after town was 
 taken without great resistance. The French and the 
 Americans continued to advance steadily, taking 
 tremendous amounts of ammunition, guns and pris- 
 oners. By July 20, Soissons was threatened and the 
 Germans found themselves in a very dangerous po- 
 sition. It was a master stroke by Gen. Foch and 
 the beginning of the end for Germany. 
 
 Austrians Fail in Attack. 
 
 On June 1"), urged on by the Germans, the .Aus- 
 trians began an offensive along a Inmdred mile front 
 against the Italians. They crossed tlie Piave and 
 on the following two days attacked vigorously. 
 Then the Italians, under the leadership of Gen. Diaz 
 and assisted by Allied troops, counterattacked with 
 impetuosity and within two or three days had turned 
 the Austrian offensive into a great rout, killing thou- 
 sands, taking other thousands prisoners and obtain- 
 ing possession of a large amount of war material, 
 including many .Austrian heavy calibre guns. The 
 whole Austrian scheme to advance into the rich 
 Italian plains, where they hoped to find great stores 
 of food for their hungry soldiers, failed miserably. 
 
 The defeat added to the general dissatisfaction 
 in the dual empire and increased the bad feeling be- 
 tween Austria-Hungary and Germany. 
 
 In this connection it may be noted that Count 
 Czernin, the Austro-Hungarian foreign minister, was 
 forced to resign his position on April 15, 1918, fol- 
 lowing the publication of a letter given out by the 
 French government showing that Emperor Charles 
 had favored giving .-Xlsace-Lorraine to France and 
 restoring Belgium and Serbia in order to bring about 
 peace. The letter caused a sensation and added to 
 the ill feeling existing between the Central Powers. 
 
 War on the Sea in 1918. 
 
 On April 23, 1908, the British navy undertook to 
 prevent the enemy from using the submarine bases 
 on the Belgian coast at Ostend and Zebrugge. One 
 hundred and fifty vessels participated in the spec- 
 tacular raids on the harbor entrances at these two 
 points, and finally succeeded in bottling up the en- 
 emy by sinking ships filled with concrete in the chan- 
 nels. This bold and important piece of strategy 
 kept Germany from utilizing anywhere near her for- 
 mer submarine strength and relieved the Allies from 
 much an.xiety. 
 
 Through the skill and bravery of Commander Pel- 
 legrini and Commander Rizzo of the Italian navy, 
 Austria-Hungary lost three battleships and one 
 coast defense ship. These were torpedoed while ly- 
 ing in harbor protected by swarms of torpedo boats. 
 The coast defense ship "Wien" was sunk in De- 
 cember, 1917, and the battleships in May and June, 
 1918. 
 
 Some losses were suffered by the American navy, 
 but under all the circumstances they were not heav- 
 ier tlian might have been expected. 
 
 The work done by the navy was of a most ar- 
 duous and exacting character, but it met every emer- 
 gency and established a record, especially in the 
 matter of convoying transports to Europe, of which 
 it has every reason to be proud. Several transports 
 were lost but in each case they were homeward 
 bound. The transport Tuscania, on which more than 
 200 soldiers lost their lives February 5, and the Mol- 
 davia and Otranto were British. The largest .Amer- 
 ican transiiorls lost were the President Lincoln May 
 31, 1918, and the Covington, July 1. 
 
 Notwithstanding that many ships of the Allied 
 countries and neutral nations were sunk in the 
 course of a year, it became apparent that the Ger- 
 man policy of ruthless submarine warfare was 
 doomed to failure. The seas around the British 
 Isles became so unpleasant for the "U" boats that 
 they ventured farther from their bases and even 
 came to this side of the .Atlantic. In June they sank 
 about a dozen ships off the .American coast. 
 
 Big Guns Shell Paris. 
 
 One of the sensational developments of the war 
 was the invention of a gun by the Germans which 
 threw shells a distance of from 60 to 70 miles. The 
 longest range gun up to this time had a range of 
 but 30 miles. Paris was subjected to a systematic 
 shelling by this gun, causing some loss of life and 
 proi>erty. The greatest fatality occurred when a 
 shell struck a church where services were being 
 lield on Good I'Viday, killing seventy-six people. 
 
 ^festei^ 
 
 A.MKKICAN GRA\'EYA[U) IX FKAN'CE 
 
 The resting place of American heroes who were buried near 
 where tliey fell. In many a quiet prove in the valleys of eastern 
 I-'rance one niinht come across a scene like this. The wooden 
 crosses are two feet high and on each can be noted the identifi- 
 cation tag which was worn by the soldier. Such small burial 
 ]ilots have now largely disappeared as the American dead are 
 being removed to central cemeteries or returned to relatives 
 ill the United States. 
 
 248 
 
NARKOW CAUr.l-: KAII.ROAI) AMI (ROSS KllADS 
 
 \ ii;w FROM SOUTH OF (;RAxn t arri: i arm 
 
The location of the great gun was long a subject of 
 mystery but it was finally revealed that it was 
 mounted in the St. Gobian forest, nearly seventy 
 miles north of Paris. This long range bom'bardmenl 
 brought the Germans no military advantage and 
 utterly failed to adversely aflfect the morale of the 
 French people. 
 
 German Allies Desert. 
 
 The pressure of the Entente had begun to be felt 
 to such an extent that the allies of Germany could 
 not stand the strain. One by one they deserted her. 
 until it became inevitable that she would have to 
 yield herself. Bulgaria was the first to surrender. 
 Operations beginning September 14 by the Serbians, 
 with Allied assistance, brought Bulgaria to her knees 
 quickly, and on the evening of September 26 the 
 Bulgarians asked that hostilities cease. At 11 P. M. 
 September 29, the Bulgarian government signed 
 peace with the Allies at Salonika. 
 
 Having been cut off from Germany the Turkish 
 government was in a hopeless position, which was 
 made even worse by the complete defeat of its army 
 in Palestine by Gen. Allenby. Troops entered Da- 
 mascus on September 30, and Aleppo was captured 
 October 26. Gen. Townshend, who had been im- 
 prisoned since his capture liy the Turks at Kut-el- 
 Amara, was released to bring the news of Turkey's 
 desire for peace to the Allies. The armistice with 
 Turkey was signed October 30, and among other 
 things included the free passage of the Dardanelles 
 and the occupation of the Bosporus. 
 
 Collapse of Austria. 
 
 The collapse of Austria-Hungary followed cIos3 
 on the heels of that of Turkey. There were many 
 minor engagements along the Piave and in the 
 mountainous regions after the ill-fated Austrian 
 drive in June, but there was nothing like a general 
 ofifensive until after the middle of October. On the 
 23rd of that month the Italians, aided by the French 
 and British, attacked in the Monte Grappa region 
 and on the Asiago plateau. They also struck along 
 the upper reaches of the Piave river and before the 
 25th had taken 3,000 prisoners. On the Piave they 
 
 A.\ OBSERVATION TOWER 
 
 n-'f'V ^"">' "'"*' have an "eye" or it cannot fight with success. 
 \\ hilc the aeroplane has been called the "eye of the armv" it is a 
 fact that terrestrial observation, when it can be secured, is 
 both more accurate and dependable. The picture here showa 
 one of the many ways of watching the, enemy. This is called 
 a forward O. P. or observation post, and the observer is con- 
 nected by a portable telephone, so he can quickly report to the 
 lines back of him. 
 
 captured the islands of Grave di Pappadopolo and 
 Maggiore, which are in the vicinity of Odrizo. They 
 took prisoner the enemy garrisons of these islands. 
 A little farther to the north and west the Italians 
 made important progress in the region of Monte 
 Grappa, the scene of some of the hardest fighting 
 of the war. They crossed the Ornic river and cap- 
 tured Monte Solarolo and part of Monte Pertica. 
 On October 29 the defeat of the Austrian army was 
 complete. Over 100,000 prisoners had been taken, 
 also 1,600 big guns. The Austrian armies had been 
 split and there was nothing for Austria to do but 
 raise the white flag, which she literally did. On 
 November 1 Gen. Von Weber, an Austrian corps 
 commander, personally appeared before the Italian 
 staff and asked for an armistice. The terms sub- 
 mitted were accepted by the Austrian government 
 and signed by Gen. Diaz for Italy and the Austrian 
 representative on Nov. 3 and at 3 o'clock the same 
 day hostilities were at an end. 
 
 Last Days on the Western Front. 
 
 What happened on the western front between 
 August 1 and November 11 is difficult to give in de- 
 tail due to the large number of troops engaged, the 
 swiftness with which the blows were struck, and the 
 widely separated sectors on which the blows fell. 
 It is possible to touch only on the more impor- 
 tant engagements and these are recorded here in 
 the order which they occurred. 
 
 On Aug. 3 Gen. Pershing reported the capture of 
 Fismes with over 8.000 prisoners and 133 guns. On 
 August 8 the British and French launched an offen- 
 sive in Picardy and on a front of more than twenty 
 miles astride the Somme river pressed forward from 
 six to seven miles, taking more than 10,000 prison- 
 ers and capturing Moreuil, Hamel and numerous 
 other places. 
 
 Americans at Chipilly Ridge. 
 
 Hard fighting at Chipilly ridge was done by Aus- 
 tralian troops, ably assisted by American soldiers, 
 former national guardsmen, and whose work won 
 the highest praise. They fought like veterans and 
 contributed materially to the victory. The battle 
 was thus described in the dispatches of August 10: 
 
 "Details of the brilliant battle which the Ameri- 
 cans and British fou.ght for the spur are now avail- 
 able. In order to go over the top at the appointed 
 time yesterday afternoon the Americans were forced 
 to make a rapid march, in the last part of which 
 they ran so as to be in the fight. The American 
 machine gunners and infantry went into the battle 
 with their traditional enthusiasm. They met the 
 Germans and defeated them here, just as they did 
 along the Marne. 
 
 "Chipilly spur, north of the Somme, was cap- 
 tured by the American and British troops at 6 
 o'clock. The attack began at .5 o'clock, when the 
 .\llies drove forward between the Ancre and Somme. 
 They were supported by tanks and were preceded by 
 a heavy barrage fire. The enemy were driven north- 
 ward toward Bray, northeast of Chipilly. In the 
 American attack the German infantry held for a 
 while and then broke, and the Americans kept go- 
 ing, at some places without the assistance of tanks. 
 The ground, pitted with deep gullies, was unsuited 
 for tank warfare. 
 
 "Certain American units had reached positions 
 in front of a wood when the Germans opened fire 
 with machine guns. Many of these enemy machine 
 gunners came up from deep dugouts after the Amer- 
 ican barrage had ceased and placed their guns in pre- 
 pared pits. The Americans faced a hail of bullets 
 here. The Germans continued to fire until put out 
 of action." 
 
 On August 14. Gen. March, chief of staff, an- 
 nounced that the American regiment officially com- 
 
 250 
 
UANTHEXILIJ-; AI'TEK IIE.WV SHELL I-IKE 
 
 ASHES TO ASHES— DUST TO DUST 
 
mended for valorous deeds in the battle of Chipilly 
 Ridge, was the 131st Infantry, formerly 1st Illinois 
 Infantry from Chicago. The regiment was com- 
 manded by Col. Joseph B. Sanborn. 
 
 Montdidicr was taken by the French on .\ugust 10. 
 The British also continued to advance and by Au.?. 
 11, had captured 36,000 prisoners and 500 guns. This 
 was a serious blow to the Germans, and Gen. Man- 
 gin followed it up on Au.g. 20 with an attack on the 
 Oise-Aisne front, netting 10.000 more prisoners. In 
 the Lys salient the British also advanced several 
 miles. Lassigny was taken on the 21st bv the 
 French. On August 24 the British captured Thiep- 
 val and Bray and reached the vicinity of Baupaume. 
 
 Battle of Juvigny. 
 
 Accompanied by a fleet of tanks and covered by 
 a heavy artillery barrage, the American troops swept 
 forward early on August 29 against the German po- 
 sitions on the Juvigny plateau. The .Americans took 
 the village of Juvigny after bitter resistance. The 
 Yankee advance was slowed up by the vigorous de- 
 fense of the Germans as the afternoon advanced. 
 The German positions were shelled most vigorously 
 by heavy guns, mortars and light pieces, firing al- 
 most point blank, as well as by long range naval 
 guns, which searched the positions far and near. 
 And then the infantry advanced. 
 
 The Germans immediately began to employ the 
 tactics of similar retreats, leaving their rear de- 
 fended by a line of machine guns hidden behind 
 every clump of brush, promontory and woods. Only 
 a few detachments of infantry were left, the army 
 again adopting measures calculated to save the most 
 men possible. From Couronne woods and another 
 little wood standing like sentinels beliind Juvigny 
 and the American lines, the German guns delivered 
 a deadly crossfire. Juvigny is only a small village 
 but, located along the side of a hill, it offered a pecu- 
 liar opportunity for defense, until the advancing 
 forces moved into positions from which they were 
 able to make it untenable. The resistance then 
 stopped, the Germans retiring east into more broken 
 ground. 
 
 On the same day the .-Xmericans took Juvigny the 
 French captured Noyon, an important center for 
 which there had been severe fighting. The British 
 reached the west bank of the Somme, opposite Brie 
 and Peronne, and captured Baupaume. On August 
 31 the British announced that the whole of the 
 Lys salient, including the famous Mont Kemmel, the 
 "key to Ypres," had been taken. On September 1 
 they captured Peronne, Bullecourt and St. Denis. 
 On the same day for the first time Americans fought 
 on Belgian soil and captured Voormezeele. On Sep- 
 tember 2 the British pierced the Brocourt-St. Queant 
 "switch line" and began a drive toward Douai and 
 Cambria. By the 4th they had crossed the Canal 
 du Nord. At the same time the Germans evacuated 
 Lens. On this day the Germans were retreating on 
 a front of 130 miles from Ypres south of Noyon. 
 They withdrew before the Americans in the Vesle 
 region. On September (i the French took Ham and 
 began a drive on LaFere. By the 9th the Germans 
 had been driven back to the original Hindenburg 
 line, where their resistance began to strengthen. 
 
 twelve miles, from St. Mihiel northeastward to Pont- 
 a-Mousson and northward from St. Mihiel for a dis- 
 tance of eight miles. 
 
 French troops, co-operating with the Americans 
 and under Gen. Pershing's direction, struck at the 
 southern point of the salient at St. Mihiel. The 
 offensive, the first undertaken on a pretentious 
 scale by the Americans, was planned by the Amer- 
 ican stafT and executed by American officers and 
 troops. Tanks, artillery, airplanes, even down to 
 the narrow gauge railways for rushing forward am- 
 munition — all were manned by Americans. 
 
 To the east of St. Mihiel the Americans captured 
 Thiaucourt, Faunas and Nonsard. North of St. 
 Mihiel Gen. Pershing's men took Combres and 
 readied the western outskirts of Donmartin la Mon- 
 taigne, about six or seven miles up toward Verdun, as 
 well as Les Eparges and the neighboring hills. 
 
 The attack was launched at five o'clock after a 
 tornado of artillery preparation which lasted four 
 hours. Light, medium and heavy artillery swept 
 German positions with gas, high explosive and 
 shrapnel shells. The entire triangle for miles back 
 was an inferno of blasting metal, fairly smothering 
 the enemy positions. 
 
 In many cases smoke screens were used to add to 
 the demoralization of the boche and to render uncer- 
 tain the aim of his machine gunners. 
 
 Promptly at Zero Hour the American troops left 
 their trenches; some deployed as skirmishers where 
 the nature of the ground permitted, others in pla- 
 toon formation, wave following wave. There was 
 not a hitch along the entire line. The infantry ad- 
 vance was synchronized with the artillery, behind 
 an intense rolling barrage timed for an advance of 
 100 meters every four minutes. When the infantry 
 started to advance a perfect storm of aerial missiles 
 was loosed over the German rear lines to supple- 
 ment tlie devastation of the artillery. Railroad cen- 
 ters, bridges, hangars, munition supply centers, bili 
 leting areas and everything of value were subjected 
 
 Battle of St. Mihiel. 
 
 September 12 will always be a red letter day in 
 American military annals, for it was on that day 
 that the First Army under the leadership of Gen. 
 Pershing won the first really large operation under- 
 taken by the expeditionary forces in France. This 
 was the attack on and wiping out of the famous 
 St. Mihiel salient. 
 
 The attack, which started early in the morning, 
 extended on the southern side for a distance of 
 
 HUGE ALLIED T.\NK 
 
 Plowing its way over trenches and earthworks of all descrip- 
 tions these huge steel monsters played an important part in 
 winning the war. Small arms were ineffective, only artillery 
 being ahle to combat them. In big offensives the tanks would 
 usually precede the infantry, flattening out the enemy's barbed 
 w-ire and throwing con.sternation into their ranks by delivering 
 a fire from their flanks or rear. Tanks were first used by the 
 British in 19 16. The Germans spent millions of dollars in one 
 sector a few miles north of \'erdun trying to stop the tanks by 
 building concrete pillars 8 feet square. These were firmly im- 
 bedded in the ground and placed close enough together so the 
 tanks could not get through, but even this system of defense 
 against tanks jn-oved ineffective. 
 
FIUST A.VIKKU .\.\ CRAVKS l.N l-KAM K 
 
 \ 1IA\ III lil.Ali l.\ 1 l<|-..\l_ HEi, 
 
to an intense rain of bombs dropped by American 
 aviators. 
 
 Within a comparatively short time reports came 
 back through liaison officers and signal corps cen- 
 ters tliat the advance was progressing with clock- 
 like regularity. The first objectives were reached 
 early, and the troops, whose fighting is described as 
 magnificent, stormed ahead to the next objective. 
 In many instances the progress was so rapid that 
 the troops reached their designated points ahead of 
 schedule, and it was necessary to readjust the ar- 
 tillery fire. Soon after their progress was such that 
 the order came back from the observation stations 
 for the artillery to move forward. While certain 
 batteries speeded up their fire others hastily hooked 
 up and, with horses galloping, rolled forward to 
 new positions. 
 
 The tanks did splendid service. Heavy concrete 
 "pill boxes" sheltering machine guns, were encoun- 
 tered at frequent intervals, as well as other nat- 
 urall}' strong machine gun emplacements. These the 
 American-manned tanks out out of action, either 
 by direct fire or by charging over them, killing the 
 crews and wrecking the pieces. Heavy belts of 
 barbed wire were torn apart for the advance of the 
 infantry. 
 
 After tlie first hour there was never a question of 
 who held supremacy in the air. At the outset of 
 the assault there were a few boche flyers aloft but 
 within a few minutes they had been shot down by 
 the American pilots or were speedily winging their 
 way toward the rear lines. This left the American 
 observation planes free to check and direct the ar- 
 tillery fire without molestation while the heavy, 
 bombers worked without interference save for anti- 
 aircraft guns, many of which were soon located and 
 put out of action by the American light artillery. 
 
 The enemy fire fluctuated in intensity and accuracy. 
 At some points the German heavies responded with 
 a strong fire at first, while at other places the "ar- 
 riving" shells were infrequent and fired spasmodi- 
 cally. Tlie enemy artillery at no time was able to 
 interrupt the infantry schedule and on the whole, 
 was altogether ineffective. As the action progressed 
 the enemy's big gun fire dwindled, indicating that 
 the Germans, aroused by progress of the Yankees, 
 were withdrawing their heavies for fear of losing 
 them. 
 
 Prisoners declared that they had been expecting 
 a drive by Gen. Pershing some place east of Verdun, 
 but were uncertain as to the exact sector in which 
 it would be made. They explained that the recent 
 raids made by their troops and the promise of bo- 
 nuses for American prisoners was due to the keen 
 
 This 
 
 HEADQUARlERS AT THE FRONT 
 picture shows the P. C. (Post of Command) of the 
 
 115th Inf. on the Alsace front. The colonel's headquarters was 
 usually located very close to the lines, and connected by telephone 
 and other methods of communication with the next higher unit, 
 troops on either side, observation posts, the artillery and other 
 special branches. This dugout was almost thirty feet below the 
 surface. Layers of logs, sand bags, iron rails and concrete blocks 
 form a protection which nothing but a six-inch shell or over 
 cotild destroy. 
 
 desire of the commanders to keep track of American 
 units in the line in this region and the sectors fur- 
 ther east. 
 
 The first village fell into the hands of the Amer- 
 icans within forty-five minutes and from then on 
 reports came frequently and regularly of other vil- 
 lages that had been occupied. 
 
 Meanwhile cavalry was awaiting at advantageous 
 points for the order to move. When it seemed that 
 the infantry had secured a sufficient break through, 
 the mounted troops galloped off along hilly roads 
 and were soon reported operating several miles to 
 the north, where they seized and held important 
 places, ready to cut down fleeing enemy soldiers or 
 to intercept the movement of reserves toward the 
 front. 
 
 By the 13th the St. Mihiel salient had been wiped 
 out and the enemy was virtually with his back on the 
 famous Wotan-Hindenburg line, with the American 
 and French forces parallelling him from Verdun to 
 the Moselle. 
 
 Battlle in Argonne Forest. 
 
 Gen. Pershing's troops continued fighting steadily 
 and systematically advancing here and there and 
 wearing out the Germans by a steady pressure. On 
 September 26. after due preparation, they began an- 
 other offensive along a front of twenty miles from 
 the Meuse westward throiigh the Argonne forest. 
 This operation developed into one of the bloodiest 
 of the war for the Americans. The attack was on a 
 front from the Meuse river northwest of Verdun 
 through the Argonne forest to the Aisne. This front 
 is northwest of the lines established by the Amer- 
 icans after wiping out the St. Mihiel salient. It was 
 the St. Mihiel victory — Gen. Pershing's first great 
 drive — that made possible tlie Argonne offensive, be- 
 cause it freed the Allies of the possibility of flank 
 attack from the old St. Mihiel salient and opened 
 up necessary communications to supply troops north 
 and west of Verdun. 
 
 The operation was opened with a terrific bom- 
 bardment of the German lines lasting eleven hours. 
 The last hour of bombardment consisted of intensive 
 drum fire barrage. Resistance at first was rather 
 weak, but stiffened sharply as the Americans and 
 French advanced. The Germans, according to all 
 indications, were expecting the attack and as the 
 bombardment proceeded, withdrew a large part of 
 their troops to rear positions. Evidently fearing 
 loss of artillery they also withdrew cannon, leaving 
 only machine gunners to harass the advance. As a 
 result the losses of Americans and French were re- 
 markably light, especially in the initial phase. 
 
 Many towns fell to the Americans on the first day 
 and prisoners soon began coming back. Before 
 nightfall their number was more than 5,000. 
 
 Break Hindenburg Line. 
 
 On September 29 British and American troops 
 smashed through the Hindenburg line at its strong- 
 est point between Cambria and St. Quentin and ad- 
 vanced several miles beyond it. British troops en- 
 tered the suburbs of Cambria and outflanked St. 
 Quentin. Many large towns and scores of villages 
 were freed of the invader. Twenty-two thousand 
 prisoners and more than 300 guns were captured. 
 Meanwhile the Belgian army to the north tore a 
 great hole in the German lines running from Dix- 
 mude, ten miles from the North Sea, southward. 
 
 Dixmude was captured and the Belgians pressed 
 eastward, winning many important towns and 
 heights, until they were within two miles of Roulers, 
 the center of communication for the German lines in 
 the whole of Flanders and for the German submarine 
 bases of Ostend and Zeebrugge. The Belgians cap- 
 tured .5,500 men and 300 guns. 
 
 The breaking of the Hindenburg line below Cam- 
 
 254 
 
D 
 O 
 ■J 
 
 c 
 < 
 
bria was accomplished by one of the most remark- 
 able feats of the war. The attack began when one 
 English division crossed the wide and deep Scheldt 
 canal near Belleglise on floats, rafts and improvised 
 bridges, staggering the line of the heights to the 
 east. While they were sweeping over these lines 
 and up the rising ground to the east other troops 
 crossed to the north and south to give support. It 
 was a surprise to the Germans and the success is 
 measured by the swiftness of the advance, once the 
 canal was crossed. Town after town fell until the 
 city of Cambria was passed both on the north and 
 the south. 
 
 The Canadian troops rushed down from the 
 northwest to be the first to enter the city and soon 
 won their way into the northwestern suburbs, but 
 it is doubtful that they were the victors in the race 
 as almost at the same time the G.^rd naval division 
 entered the southern outskirts. 
 
 The stage where the American troops took part 
 in the world drama was a little to the north of where 
 the British division swam the river. At this point 
 the canal is tunnelled under ground. The .-Xmeri- 
 cans advanced against the main Hindenburg line 
 and captured the towns of Bellecourt and Naury. 
 
 Tribute to Americans. 
 
 "Never in this war have we seen keener or braver 
 soldiers or more intelligent, high-minded men than 
 the two divisions in the fighting north of St. Quen- 
 tin." wrote the official correspondent with the Aus- 
 tralian forces in France in describing the American 
 assault on the Hindenburg line in the direction of 
 Joncourt. "Some day. when the full story of this 
 battle can be told, the American people will thrill 
 with pride in these ma,gnificent troops upon whom 
 a tremendous task fell. They were faced by the 
 most formidable task that could be imposed upon 
 them — the breaking of two double systems of the 
 greatest defense line the German empire ever con- 
 structed. On the left of their attack there was 
 some uncertainty regarding the situation and this 
 increased the difficulty of their work, yet these 
 troops, under the enthusiasm of their high ideals, 
 carried through their assault, penetrated even deep- 
 er than had been intended and delivered a blow 
 which attracted the greater part of the enemy re- 
 sistance. Beyond all question they made it possi- 
 ble to break the great defense line in a position of 
 the utmost importance to tlie Allied cause." 
 
 Early in October the Germans began evacuating 
 Lille and other towns in northern France and Bel- 
 gium and to remove their heavy artillery from the 
 Belgian coast. On Oct. .'5 the French launched three 
 drives — one north of St. Quentin, another north of 
 Rheims, and a third to the east in Champagne. All 
 were successful, netting much territory and many 
 prisoners. 
 
 On Oct. 4 the Americans resumed the attack west 
 of the Meuse and advanced their lines from one to 
 three miles, taking Hill 240 and the villages of 
 Gesnes, Fleville, Chehery and LaFroges. In the 
 face of heavy artillery and machine gun fire American 
 troops forced the Germans back to the so-called 
 Kriemhilde line. In the Champagne French and 
 American troops struck to the north and west, 
 capturing St. Souplet and other places, this suc- 
 cess having been made possible by the previous cap- 
 ture of Blanc Mont with some 3,000 prisoners. On 
 the 6th the Americans captured St. Etienne. On Oc- 
 tober 9 the Americans pressed on the southern out- 
 skirts of Xirvy and entered Chaune wood. In the 
 course of the operation they took 2,000 prisoners. 
 
 On the same day (Oct. 9) the dispatches from the 
 front told of the first great clean break through the 
 Hindenburg system on the west. The armies of 
 Field Marshal Haig, with some .\merican divisions 
 as reinforcements, swept through a twenty-two mile 
 
 gap made in the enemy defenses. At the deepest 
 points the advance led by cavalrj' swept from nine 
 to twelve miles beyond the Cambria-LeCatelet-St. 
 Quentin line and almost reached the line of the 
 LaSelle and Sambre rivers. Caudry, Clary. Bohain 
 and a score of villages were freed. The advancing 
 victorious divisions marched unopposed through the 
 towns hastily deserted by the fleeing enemy. 
 
 LeCateau was taken by the British on October 10 
 and the advance was continued all along the line 
 practically on the whole front. The enemy was 
 forced to give up his positions north of the Suippe 
 and the Arnes; on the 11th French cavalry entered 
 Laneauville. The Argonne forest was finally cleaned 
 up by the .\mericans and not a German remained 
 in the Great wooded area which had been the scene 
 of such sanguinary fighting. 
 
 Capture of LaFere. 
 
 French troops on October 1.3 captured the for- 
 tress of LaFere, the strongest point on the whole 
 of the south end of the old Hindenbur.g line. Thej' 
 also entered Laon and the forest of St. Gobian. In 
 the north French troops captured Roulers on tlie 
 14th while the Belgians captured Hagebrook, Gits- 
 berg and Bcvcrein with 300 prisoners. On October 
 !."> the .\mericans took and passed St. Juvin after 
 desperate fighting. 
 
 The .American troops on October 16 occupied the 
 town of Grandpre, on the north bank of the Aire 
 river, north of the .\rgonne forest. Grandpre is 
 only a village and its normal population is less than 
 L.'iOO, but the place was of the greatest strategical 
 importance. It was the junction of the railway feed- 
 ing a great part of the German army. After their 
 long struggle for the mastery of the Argonne woods 
 the Americans moved several companies of infantry 
 over the Aire river, which cuts across the northern 
 end of the wood south of Grandpre, and under cover 
 of heavy artillery fire moved, almost without stop- 
 ping, along tlie eastern flank of the position and 
 into the town. On the western side the French had 
 advanced along the roads, making possible a iunc- 
 tion of the .American First .Army and the French 
 Fourth Army. 
 
 German Retreat in Belgium. 
 
 By this time (October 16) it was made clear that 
 the Germans had started a retreat on a tremendous 
 scale from northern Belgium. French cavalry ap- 
 proached Thielt, seven miles from the banks of the 
 Ghent-Bruges canal. The canal itself is only ten 
 miles from the border of Holland. So fast was the 
 enemy retreating that the French, British and Bel- 
 gian infantry, at least in the center of the battle 
 line, lost touch entirely with the enemy. The Bel- 
 gians advanced astride the Thourout-Bruges and 
 Thourout-Ostend roads, defeating the Germans who 
 retreated rapidly. 
 
 October 17 was a day of rejoicing for the Allies 
 for Belgian civalry entered Bruges; Zeebrugge was 
 abandoned and the British occupied Ostend. Lille 
 was taken, practically undamaged, while the Germans 
 further south evacuated Douai. King Albert and 
 Queen Elizabeth entered Ostend the same day. 
 
 Northeast of Bohain American and British troops, 
 attacking over a nine mile front, gained nearly three 
 miles at points. These advances were made despite 
 seven German divisions hurled against them. Some 
 3.000 prisoners were taken. The .Americans on Oc- 
 tober 11 advanced north of Roma.gne, taking Banthe- 
 ville without artillery preparation. The Americans 
 pushed the German infantry and gunners back after 
 fighting that lasted all day. Northwest of Grandpre 
 tlie .Americans captured Talma farm in the face of 
 stifif machine gun resistance. There was much fight- 
 ing at close quarters throughout the day. 
 
 256 
 
w 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
Valenciennes, the last city of importance remain- 
 ing in German hands in French Flanders, was 
 reached by the British October 30 and on the fol- 
 lowing day they drove through strong German de- 
 fenses over a fifteen mile front extending from Val- 
 enciennes down to a point east of LeCateau. Xearly 
 a dozen villages were taken in the advance. 
 
 On October 2:', American troops captured strongly 
 fortified hills in the Meuse region and the village 
 of Bcllejoyeuse northwest of Grandprc. Victories 
 continued from day to day on all parts of the front. 
 Sometimes they were of comparatively little impor- 
 tance, but oftener they recorded decisive triumphs 
 over large forces of the enemy. Armistice negotia- 
 tions had been begun before this but tlie Allies on 
 the one hand were pressing their advantage to the 
 utmost while the German.s in response to appeals 
 from Marshal Von Hindenljurg, the Crown Prince 
 and other leaders were resisting the best they could. 
 
 One of the last heavy battles in which the Amer- 
 icans took part was that on Nov. 1, when the First 
 French army took Champigneulle and Landres-et- 
 St. Georges after a heavy artillery preparation. 
 Their advance on this occasion and previously en- 
 abled them to threaten the enemy's most important 
 line of communication, for which reason the opposi- 
 tion to them was stubborn. Valenciennes was 
 finally taken by the British November 2. Gen. 
 Haig's forces then pressed forward toward Mau- 
 beuge. On November 4 the .\mcricans reached Ste- 
 nay and on the lith they crossed the Meuse. Bv the 
 7th they entered Sedan, the place made famous by 
 the downfall of Napoleon III in the war of 1870. 
 On other parts of the American front the enemy 
 retreated so fast that the infantry had to resort to 
 motor cars to keep in touch wjth the foe. By Nov. 
 10 Brussels was witliin range of Gen. Haig's guns. 
 
 Final Fight by Americans. 
 
 Thousands of .American heavy guns fired the part- 
 ing shot to the Germans at exactly 11 o'clock. Nov. 
 11, 1918. On the entire -American front from the 
 Moselle to the region of Sedan, there was artillery 
 activity in the morning, all tlie batteries preparing 
 for the final salvos. At many batteries the men 
 joined hands, forming a line as the lanyard of the 
 final shot. There were a few seconds of silence as 
 the shells shot through the heavy mist. Then the 
 gunners cheered. American flags were raised by 
 the soldiers over their dugouts and at the various 
 headquarters. Northeast of Verdun the infantry be- 
 gan to advance at 9 o'clock, after artillery prepara- 
 tion, in tlie direction of Ornes. 
 
 The German artillery responded feebly, but the 
 machine gun resistance was stubborn. Neverthe- 
 less the Americans made progress. Orders were 
 issued to hold the positions reached by 11 o'clock 
 and at these points the troops began to dig in, mark- 
 ing the advance positions of the .-\merican line when 
 
 hostilities ceased. Along the American front the 
 eleventh hour was like awaiting the arrival of a 
 new year. The gunners continued to fire, counting 
 the shells as the time approached. The infantry 
 was advancing, with glances at their watches. The 
 men holding at other places organized their posi- 
 tions to make tlicmselves more secure. 
 
 Then the individual groups unfurled the Stars and 
 Stripes, shook hands and cheered. Soon afterwards 
 they were preparing for luncheon. All the boys 
 were hungry as they had breakfasted early in an- 
 ticipation of what they considered the greatest day 
 in .American history. 
 
 Negotiations for Armistice. 
 
 Long before the final shots were fired the Ger- 
 mans had seen what the outcome was to be and 
 asked for an armistice. On October 3 Chancellor 
 Von Hertling resigned and his successor. Prince 
 Maximilian of Baden immediately set out to secure 
 peace. On October 29 the supreme war council 
 had agreed upon tentative terms, a resume of which 
 were sent to Pres. Wilson for his approval. Nu- 
 merous 'conferences were held, the first formal 
 meeting of the representatives of the Entente tak- 
 ing place Oct. 31, 1918. After several sessions the 
 armistice terms were drafted and agreed upon by 
 the .Allies on Nov. 4. The following day Pres. Wil- 
 son advised the Germans that Marshal Foch, com- 
 mander of the .Allied armies, was authorized and 
 ready to receive accredited representatives to whom 
 the terms would be given. The German delegates 
 crossed the lines at Houdroy on Nov. 7 and reached 
 Marshal Foch's headquarters on the morning of the 
 8th with full powers from the chancellor. They for- 
 mally asked for an armistice, and were given the 
 terms with seventy-two hours in which to answer 
 them. The time limit expired at 11 o'clock a. m., 
 November 11, 1918. The German government con- 
 sidered the armistice conditions at a sitting in Ber- 
 lin on Nov. 10, and telephoned instructions from Ber- 
 lin, through Spa, authorizing the delegates to sign. 
 The actual signing took place at 5 a. m. November 
 11. The news was immediately sent by telegraph, 
 cable and wireless to all parts of the world and was 
 received everywhere with the greatest outburst of 
 joy and thankfulness that the greatest war of all 
 history was at an end. 
 
 Pres. Wilson issued tlie formal iiroclamation to 
 the United States as follows: 
 
 "My Fellow Countrj'men: The armistice was 
 signed this morning. Everything for which 
 America fought has been accomplished. It will 
 now be our fortunate duty to assist by exam- 
 ple, by sober, friendly counsel, and by material 
 aid in the establishment of just democracy 
 throughout the world. 
 
 "Woodrow W'ilson." 
 
 •i58 
 
jj. ll lj >< l «l l l - 
 
Report of General Pershing to the Secretary of War 
 
 November 20, 1918. 
 yiy dear Mr. Secretary: 
 
 In response to your request, I have the honor to 
 submit this brief summary of the organization and 
 operations of the American Expeditionary Force 
 from May 26, 1917, until the signing of the armistice 
 November 11. 1918. 
 
 Piirsuant to your instructions, immediatelv upon 
 receiving my orders I selected a small stafif and pro- 
 ceeded to Europe in order to become familiar with 
 conditions at the earliest possible moment. 
 
 The warmth of our reception in England and 
 France was only equalled by the readiness of the 
 cornmanders in chief of the veteran armies of the 
 Allies and their staffs to place their experience at 
 our disposal. In consultation with them the most 
 effective means of co-operation of effort was con- 
 sidered. With French and British armies at their 
 maximum strength, and all efforts to dispossess the 
 enemy from his firmly intrenched positions in Bel- 
 gium and France failed, it was necessary to plan for 
 an American force adequate to turn the scale in 
 favor of the -\llies. Taking account of the strength 
 of the central powers at that time, the immensity" of 
 the problem which confronted us could hardly be 
 overestimated. The first requisite being an organi- 
 zation that could give intelligent direction to ef- 
 fort, the formation of a General Staff occupied my 
 early attention. 
 
 General Staff. 
 
 -A well organized General Staff through which 
 the commander exercises his functions is essential 
 to a successful modern army. However capable 
 our division, our battalion, and our companies as 
 such, success would be impossible without thor- 
 oughlv co-ordinated endeavor. A General Staff 
 broadly organized and trained for war had not 
 hitherto existed in our Army. Under the Comman- 
 der in Chief, this staff must carry out the policy 
 and direct the details of administration, supply, 
 preparation, and operations of the Army as a whole, 
 with al! special branches and bureaus subject to its 
 control. .\s models to aid us we had the veteran 
 French General Staff and the experience of the 
 British who had similarly formed an organization 
 to meet the demands of a great army. By select- 
 ing from each the features best adapted to our basic 
 organization, and fortified by our own early expe- 
 rience in the war, the development of our great 
 General Staff system was completed. 
 
 The General Staff is naturallv divided into five 
 grouDs. each with its chief who is an assistant to 
 the Chief of the General Staff. G. 1 is in charge of 
 organization and equipment of troops, replace- 
 ments, tonnage, priority of overseas shipment, the 
 auxiliary welfare association and cognate subjects: 
 G. 2 has cerisorship, enemy intelligence, gathering 
 and disseminating information, preparation of 
 maps, and all similar subjects: G. 3 is charged with 
 all strategic studies and plans, movements of troops, 
 and the supervision of combat operations; G. 4 co- 
 ordinates important questions of supply, construc- 
 tion, transport arrangements for combat, and of the 
 operations of the service of supply, and of hospital- 
 ization and the evacuation of the sick and wounded: 
 G. 5 supervises the various schools and has general 
 direction and co-ordination of education and train- 
 ing. 
 
 The first Chief of Staff was Col. (now Maj. Gen.> 
 James G. Harbord. who was succeeded in Mav. 
 1918, by Maj. Gen, James \V. McAndrew. To these 
 officers, to the Deputy Chief of Staff, and to the as- 
 sistant Chiefs of Staff, who, as heads of sections 
 
 aided them, great credit is due for the results ob- 
 tained not only in perfecting the General Staff or- 
 ganization but in applying correct principles to the 
 multiplicity of problems that have arisen. 
 
 Organization and Training, 
 
 After a thorough consideration of allied organi- 
 zations it was decided that our combat division 
 should consist of four regiments of infantry of 3.000 
 men, with three battalions to a regiment and four 
 companies of 350 men each to a battalion, and of an 
 artillery brigade of three regiments, a machine-gun 
 battalion, an engineer regiment, a trench-mortar 
 battery, a signal battalion, wagon trains, and the 
 Iieadquarters staffs and military police. These, 
 with medical and other units, made a total of over 
 28,000 men, or practically double the size of a 
 French or German division, Each corps would nor- 
 mally consist of si.x divisions — four combat and one 
 depot and one replacement division — and also two 
 regiments of cavalry, and each army of from three 
 to five corps. With four divisions fully trained, a 
 corps could take over an American sector with two 
 divisions in line and two in reserve, with the depot 
 and replacement divisions prepared to fill the gaps 
 in the ranks. 
 
 Our purpose was to prepare an integral Ameri- 
 can force which should be able to take the offensive 
 in every respect, Accordin.gly, the development of 
 a self-reliant infantry by thorough drill in the use 
 of the rifle and in the tactics of open warfare was 
 always uppermost. The plan of training after ar- 
 rival in France allowed a division one month for 
 acclimatization and instruction in small units from 
 battalions down, a second month in quiet trench 
 sectors by battalion, and a third month after it came 
 out of the trenches when it should be trained as a 
 complete division in war of movement. 
 
 Very early a system of schools was outlined and 
 started, which should have the advantage of in- 
 struction by officers direct from the front. At the 
 great school center at Langres, one of the first to be 
 organized, was the staff school, where the principles 
 of general staff work, as laid down in our own or- 
 ganization, were taught to carefully selected offi- 
 cers. Men in the ranks who had shown qualities 
 of leadership were sent to the school of candidates 
 for commissions. A school of the line tau.ght 
 younger officers the principles of leadership, tac- 
 tics, and the use of the different weapons. In the 
 artillery school, at Saumur, youn.g officers were 
 taught the fundamental principles of modern artil- 
 lery: while at Issoudun an immense plant was built 
 for training cadets in aviation. These and other 
 schools, with their well-considered curriculums for 
 training in every branch of our or.ganization, were 
 co-ordinated in a manner best to develop an effi- 
 cient Army out of willing and industrious young men, 
 many of whom had not before known even the 
 rudiments of military technique. Both Marshal Haig 
 and General Petain placed officers and men at our 
 disposal for instructional purposes, and we are 
 deeply indebted for the opportunities given to profit 
 by their veteran experience. 
 
 American Zone. 
 
 The eventual place the .'\merican Army should 
 take on the western front was to a large extent in- 
 fluenced by the vital questions of communication 
 and supply. The northern ports of France were 
 crowded by the British Armies' shipping and sup- 
 plies while the southern ports, though otherwise at 
 our service, had not adequate port facilities for our 
 
 2G0 
 
purposes and these we should have to build. The 
 already overtaxed railway system behind the active 
 front in northern France would not be available for 
 us as lines of supply and those leading from the 
 southern ports of northeastern France would be 
 unequal to our needs without much new construc- 
 tion. Practically all warehouses, supply depots and 
 regulating stations must be provided by fresh con- 
 structions. While France offered us such material 
 as she had to spare after a drain of three vears, 
 enormous cjuantities of material had to be brouglu 
 across the Atlantic. 
 
 With such a problem any temporization or lack 
 of definiteness in making plans might cause fail- 
 ure even with victory within our grasp. Moreover, 
 broad plans commensurate with our national pur- 
 pose and resources would bring conviction of our 
 power to every soldier in the front line, to the 
 nations associated with us in the war. and to the 
 enemy. The tonnage for material for necessary 
 construction for the supply of an army of three and 
 perhaps four million men would require a mam- 
 moth program of shipbuilding at home, and miles 
 of dock construction in France, with a correspond- 
 ingly large project for additional railways and for 
 storage depots. 
 
 All these considerations led to the inevitable con- 
 clusion that if we were to handle and supply the 
 great forces deemed essential to win the war we 
 must utilize the southern ports of France — Bor- 
 deau.x. La Pallice, St. Nazaire, and Brest — and the 
 comparatively unused railway systems leading there- 
 from to the northeast. Generally speaking, then, 
 this would contemplate the use of our forces against 
 the enemy somewhere in that direction, but the great 
 depots of supply must be centrally located, prefer- 
 ably in the area included by Tours, Bourges, and 
 Chateauroux, so that our armies could be supplied 
 with equal facility wherever they might be serving 
 on the western front. 
 
 Growth of the Service of Supply. 
 
 To build up such a system there were talented 
 men in the Regular Army, but more experts were 
 necessary than the Army could furnish. Thanks to 
 the patriotic spirit of our people at home, there 
 came from civil life men trained for every sort of 
 work involved in building and managing the or- 
 ganization necessary to handle and transport such 
 an army and keep it supplied. With such assist- 
 ance the construction and general development of 
 our plans have kept pace with the growth of the 
 forces, and the Service of Supply is now able to 
 discharge from ships and move 45,000 tons daily, 
 besides transporting troops and material in the con- 
 duct of active operations. 
 
 As to organization, all the administrative and 
 supply services, except the Adjutant General's, fn- 
 spector General's, and Judge Advocate General's 
 Departments, which remain at general headquar- 
 ters, have been transferred to the headquarters of 
 the services of supplies at Tours under a command- 
 ing general responsible to the Commander in Chief 
 for supply of the armies. The Chief Quartermas- 
 ter, Chief Surgeon. Chief Signal Officer. Chief of 
 Ordnance, Chief of Air Service, Chief of Chemical 
 Warfare, the general purchasing agent in all that 
 pertains to questions of procurement and supply, 
 the Provost Marshal General in the maintenance 
 of order in general, the Director General of Trans- 
 portation in all that affects such matters, and the 
 Chief Engineer in all matters of administration and 
 supply, are subordinate to the Coinmanding Gen- 
 eral of the Service of Supply, who, assisted by a 
 staff especially organized for the purpose, is charged 
 with the administrative co-ordination of all these 
 services. 
 
 The transportation department under the Service 
 
 of Supply directs the operation, maintenance, and 
 construction of railways, the operation of terminals, 
 the unloading of ships, and transportation of mate- 
 rial to warehouses or to the front. Its functions 
 make necessary the most intimate relationship be- 
 tween our organization and that of the French, 
 with the practical result that our transportation de- 
 partment has been able to improve materially the 
 operations of railways generally. Constantly labor- 
 ing under a shortage of rolling stock, the transpor- 
 tation department has nevertheless been able by ef- 
 ficient management to meet every emergency. 
 
 The Engineer Corps is charged with all con- 
 struction, including light railways and roads. It 
 has planned and constructed the many projects re- 
 quired, the most important of which are the new 
 wharves at Bordeaux and Nantes, and the immense 
 storage depots at La Pallice, A'lonitor, and Gievres. 
 besides innumerable hospitals and barracks in vari- 
 ous ports of France. These projects have all been 
 carried on by phases keeping pace with our needs. 
 The Forestr}' Service under the Engineer Corps 
 has cut the greater part of the timber and railway 
 ties required. 
 
 To meet the shortage of supplies from America, 
 due to lack of shipping, the representatives of the 
 different supply departments were constantly in 
 search of available material and supplies in Europe. 
 In order to co-ordinate these purchases and to pre- 
 vent competition between our departments, a gen- 
 eral purchasing agency was created early in our 
 experience to co-ordinate our purchases and, if pos- 
 sible, induce our Allies to apply the principle among 
 the Allied armies. While there was no authority 
 for the general use of appropriations, this was met 
 by grouping the purchasing representatives of the 
 different departments under one control charged 
 with the duty of consolidating requisitions and pur- 
 chases. Our efforts to extend the principle have 
 been signally successful, and all purchases for the 
 .\llied armies are now on an equitable and co-opera- 
 tive basis. Indeed, it may be said tliat tlie work of 
 this bureau has been thoroughlj- erficient and busi- 
 ness like. 
 
 Artillery, Airplanes, and Tanks. 
 
 Our entry into the war found us with few of the 
 au.xiliaries necessary for its conduct in the modern 
 sense. Among our most important deficiencies in 
 material were artillery, aviation, and tanks. In 
 order to meet our requirements as rapidly as pos- 
 sible, we accepted the offer of the French Govern- 
 ment to provide us with the necessary artillery 
 equipment of seventy-fives, one fifty-five millimeter 
 howitzers, and one fifty-five G P F guns from their 
 own factories for thirty divisions. The wisdom of 
 this course is fully demonstrated by the fact that, 
 although we soon began the manufacture of these 
 classes of guns at home, there were no guns of the 
 calibers mentioned manufactured in America on 
 our front at the date the Armistice was signed. The 
 only guns of these types produced at home thus far 
 received in France are 109 seventy-five millimeter 
 guns. 
 
 In aviation we were in the same situation, and 
 here again the French Government came to our aid 
 until our own aviation program should be under 
 way. We obtained from the French the necessary 
 planes for training our personnel, and they have 
 provided us with a total of 2,676 pursuit, observa- 
 tion, and bombing planes. The first airplanes re- 
 ceived from home arrived in May, and altogether 
 we have received 1,379. The first .-Xmerican squad- 
 ron completely equipped by .\merican production, 
 including airplanes, crossed the German lines on 
 .August 7, 1918. As to tanks, we were also com- 
 pelled to rely upon the French. Here, however, we 
 were less fortunate, for the reason that the French 
 
 262 
 
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production could barely meet the requirenients of 
 their own armies. 
 
 It should be fully realized tliat the French Gov- 
 ernment has always taken a most liberal attitude 
 and has been most anxious to give us every possible 
 assistance in meeting our deficiencies in these as 
 well as in other respects. Our dependence upon 
 France for artillery, aviation, and tanks was, of 
 course, due to the fact that our industries had not 
 been exclusively devoted to military production. 
 All credit is due our own manufacturers for their 
 efiforts to meet our requirements, as at the time the 
 Armistice was signed we were able to look forward 
 to the early supply of practically all our necessities 
 from our own factories. 
 
 The welfare of the troops touches my responsibil- 
 ity as Commander in Chief to the mothers and fa- 
 thers and kindred of the men who came to France 
 in the impressionable period of youtli. They could 
 not have the privilege accorded European soldiers 
 during their periods of leave of visiting their fami- 
 lies and renewing their home ties. Fully realizing 
 that the standard of conduct that should be estab- 
 lished for them must have a permanent influence in 
 their lives and on the character of their future citi- 
 zenship, the Red Cross, the Young Men's Christian 
 Association, Knights of Columbus, the Salvation 
 Army, and the Jewish Welfare Board, as auxilia- 
 ries in this work, were encouraged in every possible 
 way. The fact that our soldiers, in a land of differ- 
 ent customs and language, have borne themselves 
 in a manner in keeping with the cause for which 
 they fought, is due not only to the efforts in their 
 behalf but much more to their high ideals, their dis- 
 cipline, and their innate sense of self-respect. It 
 should be recorded, however, that the members of 
 these welfare societies have been untiring in their 
 desire to be of real service to our officers and men. 
 The patriotic devotion of these representative men 
 and women has given a new significance to the 
 Golden Rule, and we owe to them a debt of grati- 
 tude that can never be repaid. 
 
 Combat Operations. 
 
 During our periods of trainin.g in the trenches 
 some of our divisions had enga.ged the enemy in 
 local combats, the most important of which was 
 Seicheprey by the Twenty-sixth on April 20. in the 
 Toul sector, but none had participated in action as 
 a unit. The First division, which had passed througli 
 the preliminary stages of training, had gone to 
 the trenches for its first period of instruction at 
 the end of October and by March 21. when the 
 German ofifensive in Picardy began, we had four 
 divisions with experience in the trenches, all of 
 which were equal to any demands of battle action. 
 The crisis which this offensive developed was such 
 that our occupation of an American sector must be 
 postponed. 
 
 On March 38 I placed at the disposal of Marshal 
 Foch, who had been agreed upon as Commander in 
 Chief of the Allied Armies, all of our forces to be 
 used as he might decide. At his request the first 
 division was transferred from the Toul sector to a 
 position in reserve at Chaumont en Vexin. As Ger- 
 man superiority in numbers required prompt action, 
 an agreement was reached at the Abbeville confer- 
 ence of the Allied premiers and commanders and 
 myself on Alay 2 by which British shipping was to 
 transport 10 American divisions to the British Army 
 area, where they were to be trained and equipped, 
 and additional British shipping was to be provided 
 for as many divisions as possible for use elsewhere. 
 
 On April 26 the First Division had gone into the 
 line in the Montdidier salient on the Picardy battle 
 front. Tactics had been suddenly revolutionized to 
 those of open warfare, and our men, confident of 
 the results of their training, were eager for the test. 
 
 On the morning of Alay 28 this division attacked 
 the commanding German position in its front, tak- 
 ing with splendid dash the town of Cantigny and 
 all other objectives, which were organized and held 
 steadfastly against vicious counterattacks and gall- 
 ing artillery fire. Although local, this brilliant 
 action had an electrical effect, as it demonstrated 
 our fightin.g qualities under extreme battle condi- 
 tions, and also that the enemy's troops were not al- 
 together invincible. 
 
 The Germans' Aisne offensive, which began on 
 ^lay 27, had advanced rapidly toward the River 
 Marne and Paris, and the Allies faced a crisis 
 equally as grave as that of the Picardy offensive in 
 March, .\gain every available man was placed at 
 Marshal I'och's disposal, and the Third Division, 
 which had just come from its preliminary training 
 in the trenches, was hurried to the Marne. Its mo- 
 torized machine gun battalion preceded the other 
 units and successfully lield the bridgehead at the 
 Marne. opposite Chateau-Thierry. The Second 
 Division, in reserve near Montdidier. was sent by 
 motor trucks and other available transport to check 
 the progress of the enemy toward Paris. The Divi- 
 sion attacked and retoo'k the town and railroad sta- 
 tion at Bouresches and sturdily held its ground 
 against the enemy's best guard divisions. In the 
 battle of Belleau Wood, which followed, our men 
 proved their superiority and gained a strong tacti- 
 cal position, with far greater loss to the enemy than 
 to ourselves. On July 1. before the Second was re- 
 lieved, it captured the village of Vaux with most 
 splendid precision. 
 
 Meanwhile our Second Corps, under IMaj. Gen. 
 George W. Read, had been organized for the com- 
 mand of our divisions with the British, which were 
 lield back in training areas or assigned to second- 
 line defenses. Five of the ten divisions were with- 
 drawn from the British area in June, three to re- 
 lieve divisions in Lorraine and the Vosges and two 
 to the Paris area to join the .group of American 
 divisions which stood between the city and any 
 farther advance of the enemy in that direction. 
 
 The great June-July troop movement from the 
 States was well under way, and, although these 
 troops were to be given some preliminary trainin.g 
 before being put into action, their very presence 
 warranted the use of all the older divisions in the 
 confidence that we did not lack reserves. Elements 
 of the Forty-second Division were in the line east 
 of Rhcims against the German offensive of July 15, 
 and held their ground unflinchingly. On the right 
 Hank of this offensive four companies of the Twen- 
 ty-eighth Division were in position in face of the 
 advancing waves of the German infantry. The 
 Third Division was holding the bank of the Marne 
 from the bend east of the mouth of the Surmelin to 
 the west of Mezy. opposite Chateau Thierry, where 
 a large force of German infantry sought to force a 
 passage under support of powerful artillery concen- 
 trations and under cover of smoke screens. A single 
 regiment of the Third wrote one of the most brilliant 
 pages in our military annals on this occasion. It 
 prevented the crossing at certain points on its 
 front while, on either flank, the Germans, who had 
 gained a footing, pressed forward. Our men. fir- 
 ing in three directions, met the German attacks 
 with counterattacks at critical points and succeeded 
 in throwin.g two German divisions into complete 
 confusion, capturing 600 prisoners. 
 
 The great force of the German Chateau-Thierry 
 offensive established the deep Marne salient, but 
 the enemy was taking chances, and the vulnerabil- 
 ity of this pocket to attack might be turned to his 
 disadvantage. Seizing this opportunity to support 
 my conviction, every division, with any sort of train- 
 ing was made available for use in a counter-oft'en- 
 sive. The place of honor in the thrust toward 
 Soissons on July IS was given to our First and Sec- 
 
 264 
 
ond Divisions in company with chosen French divi- 
 sions. Without the usual brief warning of a pre- 
 liminary bombardment, the massed French and 
 American artillery, tiring; by the map, laid down its 
 rolling barrage at dawn while the infantry began 
 its charge. The tactical handling of our troops 
 under these trying conditions was excellent through- 
 out the action. The enemy brought up large num- 
 bers of reserves and made a stubborn defense both 
 with machine guns and artillery, but through five 
 days' fighting the First Division continued to ad- 
 vance until it had gained the heights above Sois- 
 sons and captured the village of Berzyle-sec. The 
 Second Division took Beau Repaire farm and Vierzy 
 in a very rapid advance and reached a position in 
 front of Tigny at the end of its second day. These 
 two divisions captured 7,000 prisoners and over 100 
 pieces of artillery. 
 
 The Twenty-sixth Division, which, with a French 
 division, was under command of our First Corps, 
 acted as a pivot of the movement toward Soissons. 
 On the 18th it took the village of Torcy while the 
 Third Division was crossing the Marne in pursuit 
 of the retiring enemy. The Twenty-sixth attacked 
 again on the 21st, and the enemy withdrew past the 
 Chateau Thierry-Soissons road. The Third Divi- 
 sion, continuing its progress, took the heights of 
 Mont St. Pere and the villages of Charteves and 
 Jaulgonne in the face of both machine-gun and ar- 
 tillery fire. 
 
 On the 24th, after the Germans had fallen back 
 from Trugny and Epieds, our Forty-second Divi- 
 sion, which had been brought over from the Cham- 
 pagne, relieved the Twenty-sixth and, fighting its 
 way through the Foret de Fere, overwhelmed the 
 nest of machine guns in its path. By the 27th it 
 had reached the Ourcq, whence the Third and 
 Fourth Divisions were already advancing', while 
 the French divisions with which we were co-operat- 
 ing were moving forward at other points. 
 
 The Third Division had made its advance into 
 Roncheres Wood on the Siith and was relieved for 
 rest by a brigade of the Thirty-second. The Forty- 
 second and Thirty-second undertook the task of 
 conquering the heights beyond Cierges, the Forty- 
 second capturing Sergy and the Thirty-second cap- 
 turing Hill 230, both American divisions joining in 
 the pursuit of the enemy to the Vesle, and thus the 
 operation of reducing the salient was finished. 
 Meanwhile the Forty-second was relieved by the 
 Fourtli at Chery-Chartreuve, and the Thirty-sec- 
 ond by the Twenty-eighth, while the Seventy-sev- 
 enth Division took up a position on the Vesle. The 
 operations of these divisions oh the Vesle were 
 under the Third Corps, Maj. Gen. Robert L. Bul- 
 lard, commanding. 
 
 Battle of St. Mihiel. 
 
 With the reduction of the Marne salient we could 
 look forward to the concentration of our divisions 
 in our own zone. In view of the forthcoming opera- 
 tion against the St. Mihiel salient, which had long 
 been planned as our first offensive action on a large 
 scale, the First Army was organized on August 10 
 under my personal command. While American 
 units had held difTerent divisional and corps sectors 
 along the western front, there had not been up to 
 this time, for obvious reasons, a distinct American 
 sector: but, in view of the important parts the 
 American forces were now to play, it was necessary 
 to take over a permanent portion of the line. Ac- 
 cordingly, on August 30. the line beginning at Port 
 sur Seille. east of the Moselle and extending to the 
 west through St. Mihiel, thence north to a point op- 
 posite Verdun, was placed under my command. The 
 American sector was afterwards extended across 
 the Meuse to the western edge of the Argonne For- 
 est, and included the Second Colonial French, wdiich 
 
 held the point of the salient, and the Seventeenth 
 French Corps, which occupied the heights above 
 Verdun. 
 
 Tlie preparation for a complicated operation 
 against the formidable defenses in front of us in- 
 cluded the assembling of divisions and of corps and 
 army artillery, transport, aircraft, tanks, ambu- 
 lances, the location of hospitals, and the molding 
 together of all the elements of a great modern army 
 with its own railheads, supplied directly by our own 
 Service of Supply. The concentration for this 
 operation, which was to be a surprise, involved the 
 movement, mostly at night, of approximately 600,- 
 000 troops, and required for its success the most 
 careful attention to every detail. 
 
 The French were generous in giving us assistance 
 in corps and army artillery, with its personnel, and 
 we were confident from the start of our superiority 
 over the enemy in guns of all calibers. Our heavy 
 guns were able to reach Metz and to interfere se- 
 riously with German rail movements. The French 
 Independent Air Force was placed under my com- 
 mand, which, together w-ith the British bombing 
 squadrons and our air forces, gave us the largest 
 assembly of aviation that had ever been engaged in 
 one operation on the western front. 
 
 From Les Eparges around the nose of the salient 
 at St. Mihiel to the Moselle River the line was 
 roughly 40 miles long and situated on commanding 
 ground greatly strengthened by artificial defenses. 
 Our l-'irst Corps (Eighty-second. Ninetieth, Fifth, 
 and Second Divisions) under command of Maj. 
 Gen. Hunter Liggett, restrung its right on Pont-a- 
 Mousson, with its left joining our Third Corps (the 
 Eighty-ninth, Forty-second, and First Divisions), 
 under Maj. Gen. Joseph T. Dickman, in line to 
 Xivray, were to swing in toward Vigneulles on the 
 pivot of the Moselle River for the initial assault. 
 From Xivray to Mouilly the Second Colonial French 
 Corps was in line in the center and our Fifth 
 Corps, under command of Maj. Gen. George H. 
 Cameron, with our Twenty-sixth Division and a 
 French division at the western base of the salient, 
 were to attack three difticult hills — Les Eparges, 
 Combres, and .\maramthe. Our First Corps had in 
 reserve the Seventy-eighth Division, our Fourth 
 Corps the Third Division, and our First .'\rmv the 
 Thirty-fifth and Ninety-first Divisions, with the 
 Eightieth and Thirty-third available. It should be 
 understood that our corps organizations are very 
 elastic, and that we have at no time had permanent 
 assignments of divisions to corps. 
 
 After four hours of artillery preparation, the 
 seven American divisions in the front line advanced 
 at 5 a. m., on September 12, assisted by a limited 
 number of tanks manned partly by Americans and 
 partly by the French. These divisions, accom- 
 panied by groups of wire cutters and others armed 
 with bangalore torpedoes, went through the suc- 
 cessive bands of barbed wire that protected the en- 
 emy's front line and support trenches, in irresistible 
 waves on schedule time, breaking down all defense 
 of an enemy demoralized by the great volume of our 
 artillery fire and our sudden approach out of the fog. 
 
 Our First Corps advanced to Thiaucourt, while 
 our Fourth Corps curved back to the southwest 
 through Nonsard. The Second Colonial French 
 Corps made the slight advance required of it on 
 very difficult ground, and the Fifth Corps took its 
 three ridges and repulsed a counter attack. A rapid 
 march brought reserve regiments of a Division of 
 the Fifth Corps into Vigneulles in the early morn- 
 ing, where it linked up with patrols of our Fourth 
 Corps, closing the salient and forming a new line 
 west of Thiaucourt to Vigneulles and beyond Fres- 
 nes-en-Woevre. At the cost of only 7,000 casual- 
 ties, mostly light, we had taken 16,000 prisoners 
 and 443 guns, a great quantity of material, released 
 the inhabitants of many villages from enemy dom- 
 
 266 
 
z 
 
 o 
 
ination, and established our lines in a position to 
 threaten Metz. This signal success of the Ameri- 
 can First Army in its first offensive was of prime 
 importance. The Allies found they had a formi- 
 dable army to aid them, and the enemy learned finally 
 that he had one to reckon with. 
 
 Meuse-Argonne Offensive, First Phase. 
 
 On the da.v after we had taken the St. Mihiel sali- 
 ent, much of our Corps and Army artillery which 
 had operated at St. Mihiel, and our Divisions in 
 reserve at other points, were already on the move 
 toward the area back of the line between the Meuse 
 River and the western edge of the forest of Argonne. 
 With the exception of St. Mihiel, the old German 
 front line from Switzerland to the east of Rheims 
 was still intact. In the general attack all along the 
 line, the operation assigned the American Army as 
 the hinge of this Allied offensive wp.s directed to- 
 ward the important railroad communications of the 
 German armies through Mezieres and Sedan. The 
 enemy must hold fast to this part of his lines or the 
 withdrawal of his forces with four years' accumu- 
 lation of plants and material would be dangerously 
 imperiled. 
 
 The German Army had as yet shown no demoral- 
 ization and, Avhile the mass of its troops had suffered 
 in morale, its first-class divisions and notably its 
 machine-gun defense were exhibiting remarkable 
 tactical efficiency as well as courage. The German 
 General Staff was fully aware of the consequences 
 of a success on the AIeuse-.-\rgonne line. Certain 
 that he would do everytliing in his power to oppose 
 us, the action was planned with as much secrecy as 
 possible and was undertaken with the determina- 
 tion to use all our Divisions in forcing decision. We 
 expected to draw the best German divisions to our 
 front and to consume them while the enemy was 
 held under grave apprehension lest our attack should 
 break his line, which it was our firm purpose to do. 
 
 Our right flank was protected by the Meuse, 
 while our left embraced the .\rgonne forest, whose 
 ravines, hills, and elaborate defense screened by 
 dense thickets had been generally considered im- 
 pregnable. Our order of battle from right to left 
 was the Third Corps from the M.euse to Malancourt, 
 with the Thirty-third, Eightieth, and Fourth Divi- 
 sions in line, and the Third Division as corps re- 
 serve; the Fifth Corps from Malancourt to Vau- 
 quois, with Seventy-ninth, Eighty-seventh, and 
 Ninety-first Divisions in line, and the Thirty-second 
 in corps reserve; and the First Corps, from Vau- 
 quois to Vienne Le Chateau, with Thirty-fifth, 
 Twenty-eighth, and Seventy-seventh Divisions in 
 line, and the Ninety-second in corps reserve. The 
 Army reserve consisted of the First, Twenty-ninth, 
 and Eighty-second Divisions. 
 
 On the night of September 25 our troops quietly 
 took the place of the French who thinly held the 
 line in this sector which had lon.g been inactive. 
 In the attack which began on the 26th we drove 
 through the barbed wire entanglements and the sea 
 of shell craters across No Man's Land, mastering 
 all the first-line defenses. Continuing on the 27th 
 and 28th, against machine guns and artillery of an 
 increasing number of enemy reserve divisions, we 
 penetrated to a depth of from .3 to 7 miles, and took 
 the village of Montfaucon and its commanding hill 
 and Exermont, Gercourt, Cuisy, Septsarges, Malan- 
 court, Ivoiry, Epinonville, Charpentry, Very, and 
 other villages. East of the Meuse one of our Di- 
 visions, which was with the Second Colonial French 
 Corps, captured Marcheville and Rieville, giving 
 further protection to the flank of our main body. 
 We had taken 10,000 prisoners, we had gained our 
 point of forcing the battle into the open and were 
 prepared for the enemy's reaction, wliich was bound 
 
 to come, as he had good roads and ample railroad 
 facilities for bringing up his artillery and reserves. 
 In the chill rain of dark nights our engineers had 
 to build new roads across spongy, shell-torn areas, 
 repair broken roads beyond No Man's Land, and 
 build bridges. Our gunners, with no thought of 
 sleep, put their shoulders to wheels and dragropes 
 to bring their guns through the mire in support of 
 the infantry, now under the increasing fire of the 
 enemy's artillery. Our attack had taken the enemj' 
 by surprise, but, quickly recovering himself, he be- 
 gan to fire counter-attacks in strong force, sup- 
 ported by heavy bombardments, with large quan- 
 tities of gas. From September 28 until October 4 
 we maintained the offensive against patches of 
 woods defended by snipers and continuous lines of 
 machine guns, and pushed forward our guns and 
 transport, seizing strategical points in preparation 
 for further attacks. 
 
 Other Units With Allies. 
 
 Other Divisions attached to the Allied armies 
 were doing their part. It was the fortune of our 
 Second Corps, composed of the Twentj'-seventh 
 and Thirtieth Divisions, which had remained with 
 the British, to have a place of honor in co-operation 
 with the Australian Corps on September 2!) and 
 October 1 in the assault on the Hindenburg line 
 where the St. Quentin Canal passes through a tun- 
 nel under a ridge. The Thirtieth Division speedily 
 broke through the main line of defense for all its 
 objectives, while the Twenty-seventh pushed on 
 impetuously through the main line until some of 
 its elements reached Gouy. In the midst of the 
 maze of trenches and shell craters and under cross 
 fire from machine guns the other elements fought 
 desperately against odds. In this and in later ac- 
 tions, from October 6 to October 19, our Second 
 Corps captured over 6,000 prisoners and advanced 
 over 13 miles. The spirit and aggressiveness of 
 these Divisions have been highly praised by the 
 British .^rmy commander under whom they served. 
 
 On October 2-9 our Second and Thirty-sixth Di- 
 visions were sent to assist the French in an im- 
 portant attack a.gainst the old German positions 
 before Rheims. The Second conquered the compli- 
 cated defense works on their front against a per- 
 sistent defense worthy of the grimmest period of 
 trench warfare and attacked the strongly held 
 wooded hill of Blanc Mont, which they captured in 
 a second assault, sweeping over it with consum- 
 mate dash and skill. 'This Division then repulsed 
 strong counter attacks before the village and ceme- 
 tery of Ste. Etienne and took the town, forcing the 
 Germans to fall back from before Rheims and yield 
 positions they had held since September, 1914. On 
 October .9, the Thirty-sixth Division relieved the 
 Second and, in its first experience under fire, with- 
 stood very severe artillery bombardment and rap- 
 idly took up the pursuit of the enemy, now retiring 
 behind the Aisnc. 
 
 Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Second Phase. 
 
 The Allied progress elsewhere cheered the efforts 
 of our men in this crucial contest as the German com- 
 mand threw in more and more first-class troops to 
 stop our advance. \\'e made stead\' headway in 
 the almost impenetrable and strongly held Argonne 
 Forest, for, despite this reinforcement, it was our 
 Arm3' that was doing the driving. Our aircraft was 
 increasing in skill and numbers and forcin.g the 
 issue, and our Infantry and Artillery were improv- 
 ing rapidly with each new experience. The replace- 
 ments fresh from home were put into exhausted 
 divisions with little time for training, but they had 
 the advantage of serving beside men who knew 
 their business and who had almost become veterans 
 over night. The enemy had taken every advantage 
 
 268 
 
X 
 u 
 
 o 
 
of the terrain, which especially favored tlie defense, 
 by a prodigal use of machine guns manned by liighly 
 trained veterans and by using his artillery at short 
 ranges. In the face of such strong frontal positions 
 we should have been unable to accomplish any 
 progress according to previously accepted stand- 
 ards, but I had every confidence in our aggressive 
 tactics and the courage of our troops. 
 
 On October 4 the attack was renewed all along 
 our front. The Third Corps tilting to the left fol- 
 lowed the BrieuUcs-Cunel road: our Fifth Corps 
 took Gesnes. while the First Corps advanced for 
 over two miles along the irregular valley of the .A.ire 
 River and in the wooded hills of the .Argonne that 
 bordered the river, used by the enemy with all his 
 art and weapons of defense. Tliis sort of fighting 
 continued against an enemy striving to hold every 
 foot of ground and wdiose very strong counter- 
 attacks challenged us at every point. On the 7th 
 the First Corps captured Chatel-Chehery and con- 
 tinued along the river to Cornay. On the east of 
 Meuse sector one of the two Divisions co-operating 
 with the French captured Consenvoye and the Hau- 
 mont Woods. On the 9tli the Fifth Corps, in its 
 progress up the Aire, took Fleville. and the Third 
 Corps which had continuous fighting against odds 
 was working its way tlirough Brieulles and Cunel. 
 On the 10th we had cleared the Ar,gonne Forest of 
 the enemy. 
 
 It was now necessary to constitute a second army, 
 and on October 9 the immediate command of the 
 First Army was turned over to Lieut. Gen. Hunter 
 Liggett. The command of the Second Army, whose 
 divisions occupied a sector in the Woevre, was given 
 to Lieut. Gen. Robert L. Bullard, who had been 
 commander of the First Division and then of the 
 Third Corps. Maj. Gen. Dickman was transferred 
 to the command of the First Corps, while tlie Fifth 
 Corps was placed under Maj. Gen. Charles P. Sum- 
 merall, who had recently commanded the First Di- 
 vision. Maj. Gen. John L. Hines. who had gone 
 rapidly up from regimental to division commander, 
 was assigned to the Third Corps. These four offi- 
 cers had been in France from the early days of the 
 expedition and had learned their lessons in the 
 school of practical warfare. 
 
 Our constant pressure against the enemy brou.ght 
 day by day more prisoners, mostly survivors from 
 machine-gun nests captured in fighting at close 
 quarters. On October IS there was very fierce 
 fighting in the Caures Woods east of the Meuse and 
 in the Ormont Woods. On the 14th the First Corps 
 took St. Juvin, and the Fifth Corps, in hand-to-hand 
 encounters, entered the formidable Kriemhilde line, 
 where the enemy had hoped to check us indefinitely. 
 Later the Fifth Corps penetrated further the Kriem- 
 hilde line, and the First Corps took Champigneulles 
 and the important town of Grandpre. Our dogged 
 offensive was wearing down the enemy, who con- 
 tinued desperately to throw his best troops against 
 us, thus weakening his line in front of our Allies 
 and making their advance less difficult. 
 
 Divisions in Belgium. 
 
 Meanwhile we were not only able to continue the 
 battle, but our Thirty-seventh and Ninety-first Di- 
 visions were hastily withdrawn from our front, and 
 dispatched to help the French Army in Belgium. 
 Detraining in the neighborhood of Ypres, these 
 Divisions advanced by rapid stages to the fighting 
 line and were assigned to adjacent French Corps. 
 On October 31, in continuation of the Flanders of- 
 fensive, they attacked and methodically broke down 
 all enemy resistance. On November 3 the Thirty- 
 seventh had completed its mission in dividing the en- 
 emy across the Escaut River and firmly established 
 itself along the east bank included in the division 
 zone of action. By a clever flanking movement 
 
 troops of the Ninety-first Division captured Spitaals 
 Bosschen, a difficult wood extending across the 
 central part of the division sector, reached the Es- 
 caut, and penetrated into the town of ,'\udenarde. 
 These divisions received high commendation from 
 ^iheir corps commanders for their dash and energy. 
 
 Meuse-Argonne — Last Phase. 
 
 On the 23d the Tliird and Fifth Corps pushed 
 northward to the level of Bantheville. While we 
 continued to press forward and throw back the 
 enemy's violent counter-attacks with great loss to 
 him, R regrouping of our forces was under way for 
 the final assault. Evidences of loss of morale by 
 the enemy gave our men more confidenc in attack 
 and more fortitude in enduring the fatigue of inces- 
 sant effort and the hardships of very inclement 
 weather. 
 
 With comparatively well-rested divisions, the 
 final advance in the Meuse-.-Krgonne front was be- 
 gun on November 1. Our increased artillery force 
 acquitted itself magnificently in support of the ad- 
 vance, and the enemy broke before the determined 
 infantry, which, by its persistent fighting of the 
 past weeks and the dash of this attack had over- 
 come his will to resist. The Third Corps took Ain- 
 creville, Doulcon. and Andevanne, and the Fifth 
 Corps took Landres et St. Georges and pressed 
 through successive lines of resistance to Bayonville 
 and Chennery. On the 2d the First Corps joined 
 in the movement, which now became an impetuous 
 onslaught that could not be stayed. 
 
 On the 3d, advance troops surged forward in 
 pursuit, some by motor trucks, while the artillery 
 pressed along the country roads close behind. The 
 First Corps reached .\uthe and Chatillon-sur-Bar. 
 the Fifth Corps, Fosse and Nouart, and the Third 
 Corps, Halles, penetrating the enemy's line to a 
 depth of 12 miles. Our large caliber guns had ad- 
 vanced and were skillfully brought into position to 
 fire upon the important lines at Montmedy, Lon- 
 guyon, and Conflans. Our Third Corps crossed the 
 ^Ieuse on the .5th, and the other corps, in the full 
 confidence that the day was theirs, eagerly cleared 
 the way of machine guns as they swept northward, 
 maintaining complete co-ordination throughout. On 
 the 6th. a division of the First Corps reached a point 
 on the Meuse opposite Sedan, 25 miles from our line 
 of departure. The strategical goal which was our 
 highest hope was gained. We had cut the enemy's 
 main line of communications, and nothing but sur- 
 render or an armistice could save his army from 
 complete disaster. 
 
 In all, 40 enemy divisions had been used against 
 us in the Meuse-.4rgonne battle. Between Septem- 
 ber 26 and November 6 we took 26,059 prisoners 
 and 468 guns on this front. Our Divisions engaged 
 were the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Twen- 
 ty-sixth, Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thirty- 
 second, Thirty-third, Thirty-fifth. Thirty-seventh, 
 Forty-second-, Seventy-seventh, Seventy-eighth, Sev- 
 enty-ninth, Eightieth, Eighty-second, Eighty-ninth, 
 Ninetieth, and Xinety-first. Many of our divisions 
 remained in line for a length of time that required 
 nerves of steel, while others were sent in again 
 after only a few days of rest. The First, Fifth, 
 Twenty-sixth, Forty-second, Seventy-seventh, Ei.gh- 
 tieth. Eighty-ninth, and Ninetieth were in the line 
 twice. Although some of the divisions were fight- 
 ing their first battle, they soon became equal to the 
 best. 
 
 Operations East of the Meuse. 
 
 On the three days preceding November 10, the 
 Third, the Second Colonial, and the Seventeenth 
 French Corps fought a difficult struggle through 
 the Meuse Hills south of Stenay and forced the 
 enemy into the plain. Meanwhile, my plans for 
 
 270 
 
.a*- 
 
 -^# 
 
 ■T* 
 
 vi."* 
 
further use of the American forces contemplated an 
 advance between the Aleuse and the Moselle in the 
 direction of Longwy by the First Army, while, at 
 the same time, the Second Army should assume the 
 offensive toward the rich iron fields of Briey. These 
 operations were to be followed by an offensive to- 
 ward Chateau-Salins east of the Aloselle, thus iso- 
 lating Metz. Accordingly, attacks on the American 
 front had been ordered and that of the Second Army 
 was in progress on the morning of November 11, 
 when instructions were received that hostilities 
 should cease at 11 o'clock a. m. 
 
 At this moment the line of the American sector, 
 from right to left, began at Port-Sur-Seille, thence 
 across the Moselle to Vandieres and through the 
 Woevre to Bezonvaux in the foothills of the Meuse, 
 thence along to the foothills and through the north- 
 ern edge of the Woevre forests to the Meuse at 
 Mouzay, thence along the Meuse, connecting witli 
 the French under Sedan. 
 
 Relations with the Allies. 
 
 Co-operation among the Allies has at all times 
 been most cordial. A far greater effort has been 
 put forth by the Allied armies and staffs to assist us 
 than could have been expected. The French Gov- 
 ernment and Army have always stood ready to fur- 
 nish us with supplies, equipment, and transporta- 
 tion and to aid us in every way. In the towns and 
 hamlets wherever our troops have been stationed 
 or billeted the French people have everywhere re- 
 ceived them more as relatives and intimate friends 
 than as soldiers of a foreign army. For these 
 things words are quite inadequate to express our 
 gratitude. There can be no doubt that the relations 
 growing out of our associations here assures a per- 
 manent friendship between the two peoples. Al- 
 though we have not been so intimately associated 
 with the people of Great Britain, yet their troops 
 and ours when thrown together have always warm- 
 ly fraternized. The reception of those of our forces 
 who have passed through England and of those 
 who have been stationed there has always been en- 
 thusiastic. Altogether it has been deeply impressed 
 upon us that the ties of language and blood bring 
 the British and ourselves together completely and 
 inseparably. 
 
 Strength. 
 
 There are in Europe altogether including a regi- 
 ment and some sanitary units with the Italian Army 
 and the organizations at Murmansk, also including 
 those en route from the States, approximately 
 2,053,347 men, less our losses. Of this total there 
 are in France 1,338,169 combatant troops. Forty 
 divisions have arrived, of which the Infantry per- 
 sonnel of 10 have been used as replacements, leav- 
 ing 30 divisions now in France organized into three 
 armies of three corps each. 
 
 The losses of the Americans up to November 
 18 are: Killed and wounded, 36,145; died of disease, 
 14,811; deaths unclassified, 2,304; wounded, 179.635; 
 prisoners, 3,163; missing, 1,160. We have cap- 
 tured about 44,000 prisoners and 1,400 guns, how- 
 itzers and trench mortars. 
 
 Commendation. 
 
 The duties of the General Staff, as well as those of 
 the Army and corps staffs, have been very ably per- 
 formed. Especially is this true when we consider 
 the new and difficult problems with which they 
 have been confronted. This body of officers, both 
 as individuals and as an organization, have, I be- 
 lieve, no superiors in professional ability, in effi- 
 ciency, or in loyalty. 
 
 Nothing that we have in France better reflects 
 the efficiency and devotion to duty of Americans in 
 
 general than the Service of Supply whose personnel 
 is thoroughly imbued with a patriotic desire to do 
 its full duty. They have at all times fully appre- 
 ciated their responsibility to the rest of the Army 
 and the results produced have been most gratify- 
 ing. 
 
 Our Medical Corps is especially entitled to praise 
 for the general effectiveness of its work both in hos- 
 pital and at the front. Embracing men of high pro- 
 fessional attainments, and splendid women devoted 
 to their calling and untiring in their efforts, this de- 
 partment has made a new record for medical and 
 sanitary proficiency. 
 
 The Quartermaster Department has had difficult 
 and various tasks, but it has more than met all de- 
 mands that have been made upon it. Its manage- 
 ment and its personnel have been exceptionally effi- 
 cient and deserve every possible commendation. 
 
 As to the more technical services, the able per- 
 sonnel of the Ordnance Department in France has 
 splendidly fulfilled its functions both in procure- 
 ment and in forwarding the immense quantities of 
 ordnance required. The officers and men and the 
 v-oung women of the Signal Corps have performed 
 their duties with a large conception of the problem 
 and with a devoted and patriotic spirit to which the 
 perfection of our communications daily testify. 
 While the Engineer Corps has been referred to in 
 another part of this report, it should be further 
 stated that the work has required large vision and 
 high professional skill, and great credit is due their 
 personnel for the high proficiency that they have 
 constantly maintained. 
 
 Our aviators have no equals in daring or in fight- 
 ing ability and have left a record of courageous 
 deeds that will ever remain a brilliant page in the 
 annals of our Army. While the Tank Corps has 
 had limited opportunities its personnel has re- 
 sponded gallantly on every possible occasion and 
 has shown courage of the highest order. 
 
 The Adjutant General's Department has been di- 
 rected with a systematic thoroughness and excel- 
 lence that surpassed any previous work of its kind. 
 The Inspector General's Department has risen to 
 the highest standards and throughout has ably as- 
 sisted commanders in the enforcement of discipline. 
 The able personnel of the Judge Advocate General's 
 Department has solved with judgment and wisdom 
 the multitude of difficult legal problems, many_ of 
 them involving questions of great international im- 
 portance. 
 
 It would be impossible in this brief preliminary 
 report to do justice to the personnel of all the dif- 
 ferent branches of this organization which I shall 
 cover in detail in a later report. 
 
 The Navy in European waters has at all times 
 most cordially aided the .-\rniy, and it is most grati- 
 fying to report that there has never before been 
 such perfect co-operation between these two 
 branches of the service. 
 
 As to Americans in Europe not in the military 
 services, it is the greatest pleasure to say that, both 
 in official and in private life, they are intensely pa- 
 triotic and loyal, and have been invariably sympa- 
 thetic and helpful to the Army. 
 
 Finally, I pay the supreme tribute to our officers 
 and soldiers of the line. When I think of_ their 
 heroism, their patience under hardships, their un- 
 flinching spirit of offensive action, I am filled with 
 emotion which I am unable to express. Their deeds 
 are immortal, and they have earned the eternal grat- 
 itude of our country. 
 
 I am, Mr. Secretary, very respectfully, 
 
 JOHN J. PERSHING, 
 General Commander in Chief 
 American Expeditionary Forces. 
 
 To the Secretary of War. 
 
 272 
 
PEACES 
 MISSION 
 
 ROBERT LANSING 
 SECRETARY Of STATE 
 
 MAJOR GENERAL 
 TA5KEP H.BLI55 USA.' 
 
 PRESIDENT 
 WOODROW \X/(L50NJ 
 
 li L ;,u I A.WHITE 
 
 COLONEL e,M.H0U5E 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Soldiers' and Sailors' Letters 
 
 ARMY LIFE FOR "A YEAR AND A DAY." 
 
 By Pvt. C. A. Haeckel. Co. D 348 M. G. Bn., 91st 
 Division. 
 
 Tliis intensely interesting; nnrrative of tlie army 
 experiences of an American soldier is typical of 
 that of hundreds of our men, though few have set 
 it forth with such graphic effect as this writer. He 
 tells in simple but effective manner just how things 
 happened from the time of registration, through the 
 training camps, the cross-continent and trans-.\t- 
 lantic trip, training area and front line e.\periences, 
 then back home to demobilization, 
 
 One thing Private Haeckel omits mentioning in 
 his diary. Something happened along in the last 
 days of his service at the front that brought him 
 a Croix du Guerre. He modestly leaves that for 
 others to tell. 
 
 Period — .Apr. 20th, IfllS to June L'Sth, I'.llS. 
 
 Registered in June, 1917, at Miles City, Custer 
 county, Montana. On .^pril 26, 1918 entrained at 
 Billings, Mont., with Yellowstone county contingent, 
 for Camp Lewis, .American Lake, Washington. Left 
 Billings via Burlington Route to Great Falls, Mont., 
 where we caught special train on the Great Nor- 
 thern, going to Camp Lewis via Spokane, Seattle 
 and Tacoma. Went thru the "bull pen" morning of 
 28th. getting no breakfast and was put into 20th 
 Company, 160th Depot Brigade. In training at reg- 
 ular barracks and "hay sheds" until June 20th when 
 I was transferred to Co. D, .348th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. Numerous physical tests, injections and psy- 
 chological tests while in Depot Brigade, and some 
 endurance tryouts to ascertain if lit for overseas 
 dutj', such as 20-milo liike and 0-mi!e run, .•ifler join- 
 ing Company D. 
 
 Period — June 25th to July Otli. 
 
 Left Camp Lewis June 25th via Milwaukee from 
 Tacoma to Chicago, going thru Avery, Idaho, Ab- 
 erdeen, S. D., Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minn., Mil- 
 waukee, Wis., and Chicago. Nickel Plate Route lo 
 Buffalo, N. Y., and Lackawanna Route to Camp 
 Merritt, N. J., going thru Reading, Pa. Arrived at 
 Camp Merritt June 30th. Physical examinations 
 and equipment issued until July 5th when we hiked 
 to Alpine Landing on the Hudson, taking ferry 
 boat "Geo. Washington" to Hoboken and trans- 
 ferred to H. M. S. "Ulysses" evening of July 5th. 
 Left Hoboken for "over there" morning of July 6, 
 1918. 
 
 Period— July 6th to July ISth. 
 
 On high seas until the 17th when we pulled into 
 Liverpool, England, mouth of the Mersey River. 
 Debarked on the IStli, hiking to Camp Knotty Ash, 
 Liverpool. Trip across uneventful outside of rotten 
 chuck and crowded quarters. Ulysses was an Eng- 
 lish freighter previous to doing transport work and 
 it should never have been changed. 
 
 Period — July 18th to July 25th. 
 At Camp Knotty Ash until July 20th when we left 
 via train for Southampton. England, arriving same 
 evening. Passed thru some very beautiful country 
 and condition of road-bed was very good. Hiked 
 out to "Rest Camp" on arrival, arriving about mid- 
 night and bunked on hard floor barracks. Left here 
 the following afternoon going back to Southamp- 
 ton and after transferring baggage and provisions, 
 etc., from train to ship we embarked on the Caessera 
 for our trip across the peaceful (?) English channel. 
 
 Made tlie trip under cover of darkness and arrived 
 at Cherbourg, France, morning of the 22nd and 
 hiked out to another English "rest camp" sleep- 
 ing in squad tents. Left following afternoon going 
 back to Clierbourg and entraining for our training 
 area. .Arrived at Foulain, France, on the 25th and 
 hiked to Poulangy, Hte. Marne evening of the 25th, 
 going into our training billets. 
 
 Period — July 25th to Sept. 3rd. 
 In training at Poulangy during this period getting 
 machine gun drill and signal work to our hearts' 
 content. First worked on the Browning machine 
 gun and later got the Vickers, which gun we went 
 into action with. In our liaison work got prac- 
 tice in wig-wag, semaphore and on the "blinkers" 
 which was of no earthly good when we got into 
 action. Had weekly hikes, gas drill and in fact about 
 everything that is given preparatory to action. 
 
 Period— Sept. 3rd to Sept. 10th. 
 Left Poulangy Sept. 3rd, hiking back to Foulain, 
 r.iilhead, and dwelt in our pup tents alongside of 
 the railroad until the 6th when we entrained for 
 ? (we did not know). Detrained during night of 
 the 6th at Houdelaincourt, near Gondrecourt, and 
 Iiiked to Woods near Anianty, arriving about day- 
 break. It was an awful hike with full pack and 
 hard trail, in fact this trip affected me more than 
 any heretofore. Rolled in our blankets for a short 
 time and at daybreak moved under cover and pitched 
 tents. Left here evening of the 10th hiking all 
 night and arrived at Ourclics, Meuse-Argonne, at 
 daybreak. 
 
 Sept. llth-12th. In St. Mihiel drive, our Division 
 in reserve at Ourches awaiting orders to advance. 
 
 Sept. 13th. Left Ourches via French trucks go- 
 ing to Conde-Meuse, about 50 K's, arriving at Conde 
 morning of 14th. Now headed for anotlicr front 
 and remained here until the 16th. Had pay day and 
 got some of our stock, but no carts. Also, had a 
 maneuver witli ammunition that was a joke. 
 
 Sept. 10th. Left Conde with ammunition and an 
 all-night hike. A very slow and hard trip, quite a 
 few of the boys dropping out. Bivouacked outside 
 of Evres under an apple tree account of a traffic 
 blockade. I overslept and continued on to Waly in 
 rear of company, arriving about noon of the 17th, 
 in company with others of Co. D. Stopped en route 
 and had refreshments, but could get very little to 
 eat. 
 
 Sept. 17th. Left Waly in the evening and hiked 
 to Clermont-Meuse Argonne. Raining on arrival 
 and rolled in under the trees. 
 
 Sept. 18th. At Clermont during the day keeping 
 out of sight as much as possible. Here we saw 
 our first battle in the air. A large Boche plane 
 out scouting was shot at with anti-aircraft guns and 
 a lone .Ally plane came along and took a few shots 
 but did not remain for a tight. The Boche left un- 
 harmed. Pulled out about sundown for Corcelles, 
 near Aubreville. Now in shell-torn and dangerous 
 country. 
 
 Sept. 19th. /\t Corcelles where we got our first 
 shell fire, Boche artillery dropped one shell, a 
 "dud," about 100 yds. from our tents. Also were 
 split up here, Co. D being assigned to 3rd Battalion 
 of the 304th Inf. Regt. preparatory to action. 
 
 Sept. 20th. Left Corcelles after dark for Foret 
 de Hesse, being under stray shell lire the entire 
 distance. 
 
 Sept. 21st-24th. Located in Woods, getting nec- 
 essary equipment for action. Numerous false gas 
 
 275 
 
alarms sounded during the night and everyone at a 
 rather high tension. Lots of observation planes 
 during the day and bombing planes at night could 
 be heard. A very muddy place. 
 
 Sept. 25th. Left the Woods in the evening and 
 after lots of roundabout hiking, for the roads were 
 all crowded with troops and artillery in going to 
 and from the front, we arrived at Mt. Des Alleoux 
 about midnight. A wonderful barrage started about 
 2:00 A. M. and continued until -f.SO, with everyone 
 in readiness. This hill later called Cigarette Butte, 
 or rather nicknamed, and the entire surrounding 
 country was lighted up from time to time with 
 the large guns, some miles to the rear. 
 
 Sept. 26th. "Over the Top" at .5:30 A. M. in a 
 very dense fog, it being impossible to see over 100 
 feet. Went up trenches, over wire entanglements, 
 crossed creeks and shell-holes with bullets whizzing 
 everywhere and we did not know if the bullets were 
 from friend or foe. Our captain and about a dozen 
 of us on special duty as Liaison Combat Patrol with 
 the Division on our left. We continued forward 
 and to the left until about nine o'clock when we no- 
 ticed there was no infantry to be seen, in fact we 
 seemed to be all by ourselves with the exception of 
 bullets singing here and there and planes overhead 
 that we could not make out. We found sort of a 
 trench alongside a road and decided to take a rest 
 and keep our eyes open. In a few minutes a Boche 
 comes hiking down the road and when he gets right 
 up to us we halts him and find he is unarmed. We 
 do him no bodily injury and he opens up and tells 
 us considerable about the layout we are in, telling 
 us to keep under cover and wait for the Infantry. 
 In a short time we see lots of Yanks coming up and 
 we join them and try to get at some Boche machine 
 gun nests that are near. We carry on with this for 
 a short time, and before we leave there is a bunch 
 of approximately twenty-five prisoners lined up. 
 We now go forward again passing thru the town of 
 Very where we see some fine German dugouts, also 
 some dead Germans. We camp for the night just 
 beyond Very and I return to Bn. P. C. with a re- 
 port or message, and on the way am hit with H. E. 
 in the left shoulder, but only a scratch. We remain 
 on the front until October 4th having strange ex- 
 periences every day. Our company has about 35% 
 casualties, eight being killed outright and one dy- 
 ing in the hospital. Went into action with short- 
 pack to carry reserve rations consisting of hard- 
 tack and bully-beef, and slicker. Picked up hardtack 
 and more bullv on the field and after a couple days 
 got some coffee from the rolling kitchens, also 
 brought up some warm food under cover of dark- 
 ness after about the third day. 
 
 Oct. 4th-0th. In reserve a short distance to the 
 rear. Here we got our blanket rolls back and had 
 pretty good eats. 
 
 Oct. 6th. Left reserve and hiked to a point near 
 Dombasle. Camped just across the road from a 
 cemetery. Had baths and cleaned up as much as 
 possible. Remained at this place until the 10th. 
 
 Oct. 10th. Left Dombasle and hiked to Ippecourt. 
 Now headed for our rest area. 
 
 Oct. 11th. Left Ippecourt and hiked to Triacourt. 
 
 Oct. 12th. Left Triacourt and hiked to Char- 
 dogne, our supposed rest area, but remained only 
 until the 16th. Got some new equipment at this 
 point, also additional stock to replace what was 
 killed in action. 
 
 Oct. 16th. Left Chardogne and entrained at Mus- 
 sey-Meuse for Belgium, arriving at Flemnentignc 
 morning of the ISth where we detrained and hiked 
 to Brielen, just outside of Ypves. 
 
 Oct. 19th. Hiked to Ypres to see the ruins, and 
 some ruins to be sure. Got lost on way back and 
 did not get into camp until after dark. 
 
 Oct. 20th. Left Brielen and hiked to Moost, pass- 
 ing over some very muddy roads and the entire 
 
 country here was shell-torn, this being part of the 
 well known Flanders Front. Remained at Moost 
 until the 25th. 
 
 Oct. 25th. Left Moost, at which place we saw 
 refugees digging for treasure buried four years 
 previous, and they found it but it was in a poor 
 state of preservation. Arrived at Vosselem during 
 the afternoon and remained here for three days 
 having inspections, call to arms and reviews, also nu- 
 merous other red-tape. 
 
 Oct. 28th. Left Vosselem and hiked to Diederlser 
 Farm, near Roulers, remaining until the 31st. Here 
 the Boche were continually night-raiding the neigh- 
 liorhood and also dropped some propaganda from 
 their planes. Belgian people were harvesting pota- 
 toes and turnips, the latter of which there seemed 
 to be an over supply. 
 
 Oct. 31st. Left Diederlser Farm in the afternoon 
 and hiked to Wielebeke, entire battalion crowding 
 into a large building out of sight until dark. At 
 night hiked for the front to get in position for ac- 
 tum. I left my company and joined the Battalion 
 P. C. 
 
 X'ov. .Ird. Out of action and hiked to Ostroose- 
 beke in reserve. Remained in town during night 
 but in the morning hiked out a couple K's to some 
 farm houses where we billeted, supposedly for rest. 
 Cleaning up and army routine while here. 
 
 Nov. 8th. Left our billets and hiked to Chrys- 
 hauten where we remained for two days. Got our 
 first issue of candy, a pound can of assorted choc- 
 olates, some class. 
 
 Nov. 10th. Left Chryshauten and hiked to Au- 
 denard, crossing the Scheldt river on a foot bridge, 
 carrying ammunition and pulling carts across and 
 swimming the mules. This was done about noon and 
 enemy fire was not very much in evidence. Took 
 position on the front lines for the night. 
 
 Nov. ]]. Part of the company in position and 
 some scattered around Hoorebeke St. Marie. About 
 seven o'clock in the morning word sent out that 
 there would be no more firing after eleven o'clock 
 .\. M. unless orders changed. Shortly after eleven 
 the company started comin.g in from their positions 
 and it seemed their first thouglit was eats and sleep. 
 Xo celebrations. Remained here for one week po- 
 licing up the roads and town and hiking back to 
 .\udenard to be deloused. also had a couple of those 
 interesting maneuvers. 
 
 Nov. 18th. Left Hoorebeke St. Marie and hiked 
 to Audenhove St. Gery a very small place. Re- 
 mained here for five days, had a little machine gun 
 firing and some more maneuvers. Our main eflforts 
 were along the lines of getting something extra to 
 eat. Could pick up a few eggs, considerable milk 
 and some butter and whole wheat bread at sweet 
 prices. Some of the fellows got some apple turn- 
 overs at Sottegem, a nearby town of fair size. 
 
 Nov. 23rd. Left Audenhove St. Gery and hiked 
 to Asper. re-crossing the Scheldt at Gavere. Not 
 much of a place and very little to buy. 
 
 Nov. 26th. Left Asper and hiked to a point 1 K 
 west and south of Denterghem. Remained here until 
 December 1st. doing the same thing as usual. 
 Thanksgiving was a great day. Had "Belgium 
 Turkey" nice fat mutton for dinner and the remains 
 for supper. Was able to purchase some foreign make 
 chocolate at from six to seven francs per cake. Ba- 
 tallion P. C. at place called Zuid Gagen Kauter, but 
 it was only about three buildings all told. 
 
 Dec. 1st. Left Denterghem and hiked to Meule- 
 beke, about 9 K's. Had show-down inspection here 
 and review before Brig. General, also some were 
 able to get a bath and the natives made what they 
 called hot-cakes, but once was enough. 
 
 Dec. 4th. Hiked from Meulebeke, via Thielt, to 
 Lichtervelde, about 15 K's. Slept in a large convent, 
 remaining here for two days cleaning up. 
 
 276 
 
Dec. 6th. Hiked to Hooglede, distance of 10 K's. 
 This town in ruins, but got a fair place to bunk. 
 
 Dec. 7th. Out on our hike across "No Man's 
 Land" leaving at 6:50 in the morning and arriving 
 at Westveleteren, a distance of 32 K's at 3:30 P. M. 
 This was a forced hike, there being no place to 
 billet, in fact all that remained of towns was pul- 
 verized brick and signs showing where the town 
 had been. Still on our hunt for a railhead. 
 
 Dec. 8th. Hiked to a point about 3 K's northwest 
 of Houtkerque, France, about 1.5 K's. This made 
 57 K's covered in three successive days' hiking and 
 yours truly was kind of peeved toward the end. 
 
 Period — Dec. 8th to Jan. 1st, 1919. 
 
 Remained at Houtkerque killin.g time in a sea of 
 mud. A very dirty place and a bum place to sleep. 
 Had pay-day, inspections, military funeral, baths at 
 least once a week and what not. Had a very good 
 Xmas dinner and got my bo.x from home which 
 helped some. Also, secured shells at a nearby rail- 
 head. Beaucoup drinks at Houtkerque, 
 
 Jan. 1st. Hiked to Rexpoede, railhead at last, 
 about 11 K's and entrained for Le Mans area, train 
 pulling out at 5:30 P. M. 
 
 Jan. 2nd. On train, or rather side door pullmans, 
 but we had straw and not over twenty-five in the 
 car so had a fairly good trip. Was able to get 
 some vin-rouge along the line which livened things 
 up somewhat. 
 
 Jan. 3rd. Detrained at Nogent Le Rotrou at 
 3:45 P. M. getting some hot coffee and hiked 7 K's 
 to Berdhuis arriving about six hells. 
 
 Period — Jan. 3 to Mch. IStli. "P.erdhuis" 
 
 Remained here during this period awaiting orders 
 to go home. Batallion P. C. at Noce about 7^ K's 
 away. For first week did not do much outside of a 
 foolish runner maneuver and a practice hike or two. 
 On January 11th I left on a seven day furlough 
 for the Brittany Leave Area arriving at St. Malo, 
 on the 12th. While here spent the time bumming 
 around the town and at the Y. M. C. A. Took trips 
 to Chateauneuf, St. ]\Iichel, St. Servan, and Dinard, 
 Had a real bed to sleep in and the town was full 
 of soldiers on leave. Also lots of women and drink. 
 Left St. Malo on the 20th and on return passed up 
 Nogent Le Rotrou going as far as Charters, how- 
 ever the bunch would not remain for the day so we 
 returned on next train getting back to camp about 
 1:30 P. M. on the 21st. Had numerous liikes to 
 Noce in preparation for Divisional Review before 
 General Pershing which came off on Jan. 27th amid 
 snow and slush. Some Review. Also had consid- 
 erable machine gun shooting at the ran,ge to .get rid 
 of surplus ammunition, and maneuvers on return 
 trip. Lots of show-down inspections and cleaning 
 up to pass inspection before the embarkation officer, 
 also a couple reviews each week and close-order to 
 help kill time. On Feb. 25th got injection for "Flu." 
 Mch. 5th my bunkie Cy and Pete left for school near 
 Dijon. Finally inspected by Embarkation Officer on 
 March 11th, and from then on had lots of office 
 work on records, and cootie inspections galore. I 
 always passed. Ha! Ha! At last the big day on the 
 18th when we hiked to Nogent Le Rotrou to entrain 
 for Sea Port, St. Nazaire. 
 
 Mch. 18th. Left Berdhuis at 11:45 A. M. hiking 
 to Nogent and pulled out of Nogent at 4:00 in 
 American box-cars, some treat. Headed for St. 
 Nazaire. Got some mail while on the train. 
 
 Mch. 19th. .Arrived at St. Nazaire 6:00 in the 
 morning and hiked to Camp No. 2, about 2>2 miles. 
 
 Mch. 20th. At Camp 2, cootie inspections, etc. 
 
 Mch. 21st. Left Camp 2 in the morning and put 
 in Isolation Camp where we remained killing some 
 more time until the 24th. 
 
 Mch. 34th. Physical examination in tlie morning 
 and moved from camp at 2:30 hiking to boat U. S. S. 
 
 Orizba, taking gang plank at 4:30 in the afternoon, 
 bound for the U. S. A. Remained at the dock all 
 night. 
 
 Mch. 25. Left dock at 1:00 P. M. amid very little 
 cheermg, but lots of thinking, now headed for the 
 U. S. A. 
 
 Period — Mch. 25th to April 2nd. 
 
 On the High Seas during this period with fair 
 weather. Some days it was quite rough but all in 
 all it was a very good trip. Had really good eats 
 and wire berths to sleep in. Came back all alone, 
 that is not in convoy and did not see another ship 
 until about a day out of New York. Some of the 
 bunch sure got seasick, but I was among the for- 
 tunate. Also, was able to dodge all detail work and 
 with books to read it was a fairly enjoyable trip. 
 
 April 2nd. Sighted land at about 8:00 A. M. Off 
 boat at 10:15 A. M. onto ferry boat Hempstead to 
 Long Island R. R. tracks and took Long Island train 
 to Camp Upton, arriving at 5:00 P. M. 
 
 Period — April 3nd to April 17th. 
 
 At Camp Upton during this period waiting for dis- 
 charge. Had a little detail work to do but got out 
 of everything that we possibly could. Had some 
 very good feeds at the Hostess House and various 
 canteens and took on eats that we did not have for 
 some time. Spent April 10th in New York City 
 and saw as much of the place as we could on a 24- 
 hour leave. Stopped at tlie Pennsylvania Hotel and 
 went to three shows and danced a few times all in 
 34 hours. Returned to Camp about midnight of the 
 10th and waited for orders to get out. 
 
 April 18th. Left Camp Upton at 11:00 A. M. for 
 Camp Dodge. Took the Long Island R. R. to Jersey 
 City, Lackawanna to Buffalo via Scranton, Pa. 
 Nickel Plate Route to Chicago via Cleveland and 
 Fort Wayne. C. & N. W. from Chicago to Camp 
 Dodge via Clinton and Cedar Rapids, arriving at 
 Camp Dodge about 12:00 midnight of the 19th. Re- 
 mained on train balance of night and got off at 6:00 
 A. M. morning of the 20th. 
 
 April 2 1 St. Worked in office on records and dis- 
 charge papers, also turned in equipment. 
 
 April 22nd. Went thru regular discharge chan- 
 nels, such as lecture at Y. M. C. A., physical exam- 
 ination and various other red tape and was setting 
 pretty until the question of travel pay come up. Was 
 told that I was out of zone and could not be dis- 
 charged there. Put in Casual Company No. 5. Oh 
 Hell! 
 
 April 23rd. Left Camp Dodge at 5:30 P. M. and 
 Des Moines at 7:05 P. M. for Fort D. A. Russell, 
 Cheyenne, Wyoming. Had a Pullman to travel in 
 but tin-bill and canned goods to eat. However, ran 
 across good Red Cross Canteen service all along the 
 line especially at Omaha and North Platte, Nebr. 
 
 April 24th. Arrived at Cheyenne, Wyo. 5:00 P. 
 M. and took truck to Fort D. A. Russell, about two 
 miles. Put up in very nice barracks, regular beds, 
 shower and tub baths but the eats were only fiir. 
 Invited to a dance at Batallion Hdqrs. and had a 
 pretty good time. 
 
 April 25th. Just killing time and playing cards, 
 etc. Could not go down town. 
 
 April 26th. Signed pay-roll and discharge papers. 
 
 April 27th. Got discharge at 11:55 A. M. Oh joy! 
 Got right out of Camp and had dinner down town. 
 Left Cheyenne at 3:30 P. M. on the U. P. headed 
 for Fairmont, Minn, and home, arriving at 6:00 P. M. 
 on the 28th. 
 
 SECRET WORK FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF 
 JUSTICE. 
 
 By Corp. C. N. Swanson, Co. F, 313th Supply Train. 
 
 When I took a position with the United States 
 Department of Justice, Bureau of Investigation, I 
 
 277 
 
engaged in a line of work that until that time, I 
 did not know anything about. However, I was not 
 long left in doubt as to my duties. I was appointed 
 by telegram, the message bearing the news of my 
 appointment arriving at three o'clock in the after- 
 noon. Fifteen minutes later I was working on my 
 first assignment. 
 
 I was told by the chief to go to Minneapolis and 
 get acquainted with a certain class of men at the 
 head of an organization with a disloyal reputation. 
 I met the prime mover of the organization and after 
 making sure of further opportunity to call on him 
 I went to other parties. I approached them as a 
 newspaper publisher from a small town, vitally in- 
 terested in this organization whose purpose and aim 
 was to fight the selective service act, hinder the sale 
 of Liberty Bonds and in other ways hinder the gov- 
 ernment in tlie successful prosecution of the war. 
 The "higher-ups" saw a chance for free publicity in 
 me as a newspaper man, so they took me into the 
 fold quite readily, and I was not suspected during 
 the entire time I was with the department, but 
 could go and come to their secret meetings at will. 
 The first "red" meeting I ever attended was at 
 Hotel Dyckman, Minneapolis. This meeting took 
 place behind closed doors, and Scott Nearing was 
 one of the principal speakers. James Peterson and 
 Ale.Kis Georgian also spoke. The first two have 
 been convicted of violation of Section 3 of the Es- 
 pionage Act and the latter was recently deported to 
 Russia. 
 
 It was very noticeable there were but few Amer- 
 icans at the meeting, but their gathering was made 
 up of Germans. Russians, Swedes and a few Irish 
 agitators. My knowledge of the Scandinavian lan- 
 guages and German stood me in good stead as an 
 investigator. At this meeting the delegates, who 
 came from all parts of the Union, decided where Ihey 
 would hold their National convention. Minneapolis 
 had been decided upon, but Gov. Burnquist refused 
 to let them meet there or any place in the state. 
 North Dakota was next thought of, but for some 
 reason they were turned down there also. Then 
 they thought of Milwaukee, but they were refused 
 there also. Washington was suggested. "Why 
 can't we take our appeal to the steps of the White 
 House?" dramatically shouted one "Red." The con- 
 vention was in an uproar for a time, but the ma- 
 jority thought it would be too much of a trip. They 
 next decided on Chicago. Mayor Thompson ad- 
 vised the convention that he would welcome them 
 to the "Sixth German City" with open arms. 
 
 Gov. Lowden, however, was of a diflferent disposi- 
 tion. He called out the state militia when the time 
 was ripe. The convention broke up in disorder, and 
 I secured two draft-dodgers (Howard Harter and 
 Otto Wangerin of St. Paun to get my ticket. We 
 arrived in Chicago and Harter, Wangerin and I 
 stayed at the new Y. M. C. A. The meeting was to 
 have been held at King's restaurant, but at the last 
 minute we heard that Gov. Lowden had ordered 
 the militia to fire on us if we attempted to hold a 
 meeting there. I walked past the restaurant shortly 
 before 8 o'clock in the evening and I found the doors 
 chained. Mayor Thompson promised police pro- 
 tection, and the governor promised something quite 
 different. In case of a clash I felt that to be with 
 the "Reds" would be unhealthy, and to desert_ them 
 was out of the question. I was up against it. If 
 they arrested the "Reds" I could not disclose my 
 identity, or I could no longer attend their meetings 
 and learn their movements. So I decided to stick to 
 them at all hazards. Fortunately, they called the 
 meeting off, and we met in rooms in the Dearborn 
 Hotel and other places about town. In the room 
 I was in a long-haired Russian bolshevik, whom 
 Harter informed me was a "real anarcliist" occupied 
 a place on a bed, from where he talked tn the thirty 
 
 men crowded into the room. He delivered a red 
 hot speech against the draft and against aiding in 
 this "rich man's" war. Harter and Wangerin took 
 me to "Big Bill Haywood's Headquarters" and told 
 me that a look at him would so inspire me that I 
 would never think in a "capitalistic frame of mind 
 again." The Socialists and I. W. W.'s are great 
 readers. If they would only choose the right kind 
 of reading they would become useful citizens. How- 
 ever their "primer" consists of books written by 
 Karl Marx, Emma Goldman and others. Pamphlets 
 issued at regular intervals by the I. W. W. head- 
 quarters are religiously read word for word. 
 
 I have attended the I. W. W. meetings at 1 1 J4 
 Western Avenue, Minneapolis, on many occasions. 
 I will say this for the "wobblies." They are a con- 
 genial set of people among themselves. .\nd I 
 would sleep undisturbed among a hundred of them, 
 with a pocket full of money, if they believed me to 
 be their friend, or one of them. I have trailed down 
 alley ways and into dirt}', stinking hovels with them, 
 unarmed, and felt perfectly safe. However, I would 
 not have given a great deal for my chances on more 
 than one occasion if they could have found out that 
 I was a government agent. 
 
 In my work I pretended to be a recent convert 
 to the "cause" and they were forever hammering 
 away at me to watch out for government men. 
 They would point out men on the street whom they 
 said were government men. On one occasion they 
 pointed out my co-worker, Mr. Joj'ce, and said 
 "there is one of the damned government agents 
 now." Of course, I craned my neck to get as good 
 a view of him as I could. Joyce and I worked to- 
 gether a good deal — we were never seen to.gether, 
 and did not recognize one another or speak on the 
 street. But I would find out where a slacker was 
 and tell Joyce. He would go out and arrest him. 
 Shortly after he made the arrest I would manage 
 to be at the Rice street Socialist headquarters to 
 hear what they had to say about it. The conversa- 
 tion would perhaps be like this: "Well, they got 
 Hardy today. I'll bet they will find out about Kam- 
 menetsky next." Then I would go to other mem- 
 bers of the organization and find out who Kammen- 
 etsky was, what he was doing and where he roomed. 
 When I got the information I reported back to head- 
 quarters and Mr. Joyce would usually be detailed 
 to bring the man in. In that way I kept under 
 cover. 
 
 On one occasion I was named to serve witli a 
 committee of five on the case of Otto Wangerin. 
 He had been arrested for failure to register and 
 was out on bail. When arrested he was registered 
 at the county jail, and on this particular date he was 
 called to the service. If he did not report for duty 
 he would be classed as a deserter. 
 
 We met at the Rice street Socialist headquarters, 
 and it was decided that Wan.gerin should leave the 
 city. As soon as the meeting was over, I stepped 
 into a pay station and 'phoned to the chief. A half 
 hour later he and Mr. Kearney were at Wangerin's 
 house where they caught him packing up. 
 
 I was suspected for a time, but two young I. W. 
 W. girls came boldly to my defense. They said 
 they had seen government agents snooping about 
 Wangerin's house early in the evening. By the way, 
 these I. W. W. girls are the friendliest I have seen. 
 They will walk up to a stranger, and if they like his 
 looks they will not hesitate to plant a lusty kiss on 
 liis features. If he liappens to be sitting down, they 
 flop into his lap. 
 
 One evening when I was there I saw J. O. Ben- 
 tall, Socialist candidate for governor holding a "rebel 
 girl" on his lap. The girls like to be called "rebel 
 girls." They have a song about her. Another song 
 they sang in connection with the war runs something 
 like this: 
 
 278 
 
"Onward Christian Soldiers. 
 ■ Rip and tear and smite! 
 Let the gentle Jesus, 
 
 Bless your dynamite." 
 
 The I. W. W.'s are advocates of free love, and be- 
 lieve that to covet their neighbor's wife is alriglit. 
 providing the wife reciprocates. Needless to say 
 they are also atheists. For example I will cite the 
 case of Maurice Kammenetsky: He was a young 
 Russian w'ho had traveled quite extensively. He was 
 attending the University of Minnesota. One evening, 
 at our Young People's Socialist League meeting he 
 gave us an address on what he called "this Jesus 
 stuff." It was sickening, but the young Socialists 
 seemed to enjoy it. "I was in New York" said Kam- 
 menetsky "and I was down and out. I didn't have 
 a cent and I was hungry. I didn't know anyone. 
 There were a lot of us in the same fix. But we 
 knew where they had a mission — a place where they 
 shout this holy stufT — this Jesus stufif where a lot of 
 people confess what they call their faith. We didn't 
 want to hear it because we knew it was all a damn 
 lie, but the cup of cofifee and little dry bread they 
 gave us didn't go so bad. We was willing to put up 
 with a little holy stufif to get that." He went into a 
 further discourse condemning religion, but it was so 
 sickening and dis.gusting that I will not mention it 
 here. 
 
 Kammenetsky had not registered, and my pal 
 Joyce brought him to book in short order. He was 
 given a sentence of 25 years at Fort Leavenworth, 
 but I understand he was released with the other 
 "conscientious objectors" early in December. 
 
 Perhaps my most "embarrassing moment" came 
 in the winter of 1917-18. I have forgotten the dates, 
 but I'll never forget the occasion. I was at Bemidji 
 looking up a regular army deserter when I received 
 a telegram from my cliief. It read "Pro-German be- 
 ing held in jail at Akely. May be insane. Proceed 
 to Akely and investigate at earliest opportunity. 
 Campbell." 
 
 When I arrived at Akely I found the man in jail. 
 He was kept under armed home guard. I found 
 that he had not taken his allotment of Red Cross 
 subscription and they thought he was pro-German. 
 I talked to the man and found that he was in bad 
 financial circumstances. He said he would do all 
 he could. I ordered his release and he was allowed 
 to go home. 
 
 During the course of the investigation it developed 
 that an anti-draft paper had been circulated at Akely. 
 I found that the paper had been circulated by one 
 Olaf Skog and Chas. Pere.grine. Both were farm- 
 ers. The captain of the home guard sent a guard 
 after Peregrine and brought him in. He answered 
 the questions put to him, and admitted that he was 
 an L W. W. This, in itself did not constitute an 
 offense against the federal statutes, and inasmuch as 
 the petition could not be located, as it had been sent 
 to Washington, I let the man go with the under- 
 standin,g that he was to report at Akely at any time 
 I so desired. 
 
 In the meantime, Capt. Scherer of the home 
 guards had sent a guard of ei,ght men after Sko.g. 
 They had returned and said Skog came out on the 
 porch, armed with a high power rifle, and had threat- 
 ened to blow the men to Hades if they came a step 
 nearer. The guards were "armed to the teeth," but 
 owing to the fact that the mother of the corporal 
 in charge had died the night before, he was in no 
 frame of mind to open hostilities. He reported back 
 to Capt. Scherer with his men. The captain went 
 into a rage and took twenty men with him to brin,g 
 Skog in "dead or alive." I remonstrated with him 
 and offered to go out alone to see him. if he did 
 not want to come in. I knew full well that he would 
 be more apt to receive an unarmed civilian with 
 
 greater hospitality than he would a detachment of 
 soldiers under orders to bring him in dead or alive. 
 It did no good to protest. Capt. Scherer was deter- 
 mined to bring him in. 
 
 .A. short time after the captain and the men left, 
 we heard a terrific explosion northwest of town — 
 in the direction of Peregrine's home. Some one tel- 
 ephoned to Capt. Scherer's wife that the captain had 
 lieen shot and mortally wounded. I commandeered 
 a Ford and we drove to Peregrine's place. 
 
 We found his body a few feet from the barn. 
 He had placed a quarter of a stick of dynamite in 
 his mouth and had blown the top of his head of?. 
 Blood and brains were scattered over the barn yard. 
 It was an awful sight. 
 
 We returned to Akely and tried to get in touch 
 with Capt. Scherer and his men. About 8 o'clock 
 in the evening they returned, the men all hungry 
 and tired out. They had found no trace of Skog. 
 I felt rather uneasy. Here I was in a lumber-jack 
 town — plenty of I. W. W.'s. and no trains out. One 
 of their number had committed suicide, evidently 
 because he feared that he might be arrested and 
 taken away from his family. There was nothing to 
 do but stay in Akely and await developments. 
 
 To pass the time away I went to a program given 
 by the .\kel}' schools. .About midnight the sheriff 
 called up from Park Rapids. "What are you going 
 to do with Skog?" he angrily demanded. "He came 
 here scared stiff and says you have the. whole home 
 guard out after him!" I told him I just wanted to 
 ask Skog some questions regarding the anti-draft 
 petition and that I meant him no harm. I also told 
 him that the armed posse sent after Mr. Skog was 
 not sent at my direction. I asked to talk to Mr. 
 Skog, and after talking with him a few minutes I 
 convinced him that I meant no harm, and that 1 
 would like to see him in the morning. He prom- 
 ised, and the next morning came in and brought his 
 wife with him. It appeared that he also, had been 
 falsely accused of disloyalty. He had taken all he 
 could afford. He had twelve children to support 
 and payments to make on his small farm. I felt 
 sorry for him and told him to go his way. He and 
 his wife were so glad that they both cried. And I 
 didn't just feel like laughing either. 
 
 Peregrine left a note in which he absolved me 
 from all blame for his decision to commit suicide, 
 but placed the blame on one of the citizens of .Ake- 
 ly. He left another note asking that "no hypocrite 
 preacher" be allowed to conduct his funeral. That 
 was the last I heard of the Akely episode. 
 
 But my dealings were not confined to the I. W. 
 W.'s and Socialists alone. I'll admit that their meet- 
 ings and "speeches" more than kept me busy. They 
 were a suspicious lot too. They wanted to know 
 where I had been when I stayed away two or three 
 days, and how I could spend so much time away 
 from my business, etc. I had to lie like a trooper 
 to keep from being trapped, and I had to make my 
 stories jibe. 
 
 I investigated numerous cases of false claim for 
 exemption and in this work found out nnich about 
 the fickleness of human nature. I will cite one 
 case. The man in question worked at the Royal 
 Dairy Lunch on Wabasha street, St. Paul. He had 
 been granted exemption on the grounds of having 
 a wife and two dependent children. Investigation 
 disclosed that he had not lived with his wife for 
 over two years, and that she had been a resident of 
 Lake City during that time. I went to Lake City 
 and interviewed her. She was working in a green- 
 house as a stenographer. She supported herself and 
 two children and told me that she had not received 
 a cent from her husband in the two years, but that 
 her mother-in-law had induced her to sign her hus- 
 band's exemption claim on the promise of money. 
 She said that her mother-in-law had paid the draft 
 
 279 
 
board $50 "for making out the papers." Of course, 
 the man was placed under arrest. He was taken be- 
 fore Commissioner Samuel Whaley, entered a plea 
 of not guilty, but was bound over to the federal 
 grand jury. What became of his case, I do not 
 know as I went to the army shortly thereafter. In 
 other instances where the man had made false claim 
 for exemption we withdrew the charge providing he 
 would immediately go into the army. I handled a 
 number of such cases. 
 
 I had more genuine excitement chasing bootleg- 
 gers between Mankato and Sioux City than I did in 
 any other branch of the service. I remember in 
 particular the case of Robert Theodore Neumann. 
 He had made two trips a week between Mankato 
 and Sioux City. When Mr. Arnoldy and I came to 
 Mankato we lay in wait for him. Sure enough he 
 came. He filled the two black, brass studded grips 
 previously described to us and took the train for 
 Sioux City. We boarded the train and meant to 
 arrest him as soon as we got across the line. 
 
 But there is often a hitch in the best laid plans. 
 And this tiine it happened to us. There were three 
 other bootleggers on tlie train. Two of them got off 
 at Heron Lake to take the train for Pipestone and 
 then to Sioux Falls. So we had to get oflf the train 
 and arrest them at Heron Lake. Neuman and his 
 pal Shields became suspicious and tried to get away. 
 We got them coralled. and I was holding one of the 
 number in the seat while the train started out of tlie 
 station when Shields made a break for the door. 
 
 I jumped up and got a hold of his wrist as he was 
 swinging to let go. I realized that if he did let go. 
 
 I would fall off the train with him. So I let him 
 go and he jumped. The train was going about 
 twenty miles an hour and he rolled over several 
 times, but got up unhurt. Then he started for town, 
 hoping to catch the train for Pipestone. I spotted 
 a brakeman and ordered him to stop the train, which 
 he did. The other bootleggers were then bundled 
 oflf, together with their liquor and we then went 
 back to the village, a quarter of a mile away. 
 
 When we got there Shields had climbed on top of 
 a box car and was hiding. I let on I didn't see him 
 and climbed up the side of the car. I pulled my 
 Colt's 45 and had a fine bead on him when I stuck 
 my head over the top of the car. "Halt" I com- 
 manded, but he refused to halt. Instead he rolled 
 ofif the top of the car to the ground fifteen feet be- 
 low and hot-footed it out of town as fast as he could. 
 By the time I could get on the top of the car he had 
 a 100-yard start. I fired once away over his head, 
 but it only scared him and he ran faster. I then 
 scrambled and fell ofT the car and when I got on 
 the ground I again fired at him, this time a little 
 to the left of him so the bullet struck the ground 
 fifty feet ahead of him. He turned like he had 
 stepped on a revolving pivot and threw up both 
 hands. He was unarmed. He said he had just been 
 released from jail in Sioux City where he had served 
 a year for alleged complicity in a murder. All these 
 men were fined $50 in federal court in St. Paul. 
 
 Neumann admitted that he cleared about $250 
 each trip. He confessed that he had made an aver- 
 age of two trips a week for over a year. Despite 
 this confession, he was fined only $50. As a striking 
 contrast to this case, a 17-year old boy was given 
 
 II months in the county jail, without option of a 
 fine, for getting a half pint of whiskey for a soldier. 
 A:i Italian store keeper who made a business of 
 selling whiskey to soldiers for $2 a pint was given 
 90 days in jail the same day. I fail to understand 
 that brand of justice. 
 
 During the eight months I was with the depart- 
 ment I secured the arrest and conviction of over 
 thirty slackers and deserters, and handled the cases 
 of five alien enemies from the time I made the arrest 
 until they were interned. I confiscated not less 
 
 than $2,000 worth of whiskey and investigated nu- 
 merous cases of false claim for exemption. I also 
 investigated many cases of disloyalty and cases of 
 German propaganda and sedition. But that is an- 
 other story. 
 
 AFTER CHATEAU THIERRY. 
 
 (By Capt. Chester Tanner, M. C, U. S. Navy) 
 
 Following the wonderful achievements of the 
 .'\mericans in stopping the Hun at Chateau Thierry 
 in June, 1918, Capt. Chester Tanner, son of Mrs. 
 Martha Tanner of Fairmont, was hurried from Brest, 
 where he was stationed as a naval surgeon, to help 
 care for the flood of American wounded being 
 evacuated to Paris. He tells briefly of his work in 
 a letter written home to his mother. 
 
 "I am still in the big hospital in the big city. 1 
 operated until midnight last night and came on duty 
 at 9:00 A. M. again to-day and will remain until 
 9:00 P. M. It is pretty long hours but someone lias 
 got to take care of these wounded Marines. Poor 
 devils! They are all shot to pieces, legs ofif, eyes 
 out, and infected wounds. It is a sight to behold. 
 Certainly war is Hell! 
 
 "But the Marines are the greatest soldiers in the 
 world. They slowed down the Huns at Chateau 
 Thierry and covered themselves with glory. I 
 don't want to see the United States until these 
 damnable Huns are all killed ofif or else in chains. 
 If they win the war I'm going up to the trenches 
 just before the finish. 
 
 "One of my patients bayonetted three Huns before 
 they finally got him and as soon as he gets well 
 he is going back and get a few more. 
 
 "I haven't had a chance to see much of the city 
 as I worked until midnight. No lights are allowed 
 at night and of course it is darker than pitch. But 
 Paris is the most beautiful city in the world — ab- 
 solutely wonderful." 
 
 Capt. Tanner was granted his wisli not to see 
 the United States again until Germany was de- 
 feated. He remained on duty abroad until long 
 after the armistice. 
 
 In a later letter, written early in July. 1918, Capt. 
 Tanner, after recording accounts of German atroc- 
 ities, says: 
 
 "There is a lull now but I hope they will soon 
 start in again and kill some more Germans — the 
 more the better. I hope they exterminate the whole 
 German army. * * * All American officers back 
 from the front agree that the only way to settle the 
 thing is to keep on killing the Boche. And they 
 are being killed by thousands. The only thing I 
 am afraid of is that when we do lick them and 
 make peace the United States will get tender-heart- 
 ed and let them oflf easily. That's the thing the 
 people back home must look out for. If they do 
 this it will not be giving a square deal to the boys 
 who are giving their lives to whip them. Preach 
 the propaganda of making Germany pay for this. 
 They should be disarmed, made to pay for Belgium 
 and submarine sinkings. German soldiers like we 
 are fighting aren't fit to have a place in the world. 
 
 "One of my patients, a British officer, was wound- 
 ed. He got a broken ankle and was captured by 
 the Huns. One day in the prison camp he couldn't 
 get out of the way of a German officer fast enough 
 and the officer knocked him down and then with 
 both heels of his big boots jumped on the man's 
 broken ankle, smashing it all to pieces. The man 
 was later exchanged and is now here trying to have 
 his leg mended. 
 
 "President Wilson once said we are not fighting 
 the German people. We certainly are fighting the 
 German people, every one of them. No one can tell 
 me they are not all for the Kaiser." 
 
 280 
 
SOLDIER'S LAST LETTER. 
 (By Clifford L. Cary, Private Bty. F, 7th F. A.) 
 
 The following letter was the last received by the 
 force of the Fairmont postoffice from their former 
 associate. It was written Sept. 9, 1918, place un- 
 known, the date line reading merely "At the Front." 
 The writer was killed in the .\rgonnes Oct. 8, 1918. 
 
 "I promised to write and sure intended to do so 
 before this. I can't remember whether I have writ- 
 ten you or not since I have been over here. I can't 
 write much except that I am well and enjoying my- 
 self very much. I think I broke all records get- 
 ting to the front. Two weeks after landing in 
 France I was able to see the land held by the Ger- 
 mans. I am writing this on my gas mask and sit- 
 ting all humped up in my pup tent, .-^m about five 
 miles back from the front and the big guns are 
 booming away at present. Over in the States they 
 make us go to bed at ten and get up at five-thirty. 
 Here we do just the opposite, we do all of our 
 •work at night. 
 
 "Our band is playing and believe me it sounds 
 good. It makes a person think he is civilized again. 
 I have seen several of the towns that have been 
 bombarded and they look like the pictures you see 
 back there, only a little worse. Those big shells 
 sure have a nice whistle to them, it is so plain it 
 seems a person ought to see them go through the 
 air. It sure is a great experience to a person who 
 comes out whole. 
 
 "France is a beautiful country. It is so much 
 different than the States, but I can't describe it to 
 you. I hope I will get back to tell you all about 
 it. I met Dr. Utter, veterinary, from Fairmont. 
 He is in the 1st Battalion and I am in the 2nd. 
 
 (Note. — Dr. Utter was the last Martin county inan 
 to see Private Cary. He visited with him shortly 
 before Cary was killed and after returning visited 
 Gary's parents and was able to tell them of their 
 son's last days.) 
 
 "I heard that a Thieman boy was killed. I am 
 the only one out of the .500 Minnesota boys in this 
 Battery. One from .\lbert Lea is in Battery E. I 
 suppose you folks have it all figured out when the 
 war is going to end. I still have hopes that it will 
 be this year. Bet the newspapers have big head 
 lines about big advance we are making but wait for 
 the big noise that is going to start when all the 
 Sammies get to the front. They all think they are 
 in the army over there and are tough soldiers but 
 wait till they go through what some of the boys 
 over here have. 
 
 "Many a time I think of you all and will be glad 
 to get back again. It is dark so must stop with 
 best wishes to all of you." 
 
 CHEERFULNESS OF THE WOUNDED. 
 (By H. E. Wolfe, Y. M. C. A. Secretary) 
 
 H. E. Wolfe and C. J. Timms, both former mem- 
 ters of the Martin County War Board, later Y. M. 
 C A. secretaries in France, arrived in Paris inst 
 as the wounded were beginning to be evacuated fi om 
 Chateau Thierry. Botli volunteered as eme-gency 
 nurses. Mr. Wolfe tells briefly of the work: 
 
 "Yesterday we heard that they were in need of 
 many helpers at the hospitals and stations here so 
 we went to American Red Cross headquarters to 
 volunteer our services. They asked us to report 
 at one of the railway stations for work to-day. 
 
 "We arrived at 7:30 A. M. and were none too 
 soon for in a few minutes the first trainload of 
 wounded came in, practically all of them American 
 boys. Some could walk, some were wheeled and 
 some carried on stretchers but there was not a moan 
 from one of them. It made me choke up to see 
 
 their very cheerfulness. Great were the stories they 
 told but I am sure the censor would not pass them. 
 
 "The thing, perhaps, that got me most was the 
 fact that some of the ambulance drivers were young 
 women — pretty, refined young women — out there at 
 day-break working for our boys. They could speak 
 scarcely a word of our language but they spoke in 
 terms of service that were unmistakable. 
 
 "If my voice could have power anywhere tonight 
 I would want it to go out to the people of the 
 United States asking them to realize that our coun- 
 try is at war. If all our people could spend twenty- 
 four hours here they would respond with an effort 
 that would revolutionize society, break all records 
 for effort and giving, and cut many months from the 
 war. 
 
 "When I think of the arguments and persuasion 
 we had to use on the War Board to get them to 
 loan on Liberty Bonds and compare the men, morale 
 and patriotism with what I saw to-day I am almost 
 driven to a doctrine of disfranchisement and con- 
 fiscation for the benefit of the soldier. Before I 
 left I was deemed a fanatic by some but there is no 
 comparison in any speech I made at home with 
 what 1 would say now." 
 
 THE MARINES AT THE MARNE. 
 
 (By Hanson A. Smith, Hq. Co. 6th Regt. U. S. 
 Marines) 
 
 The writer of the following narrative was orig- 
 inally reported in the casualty lists as "killed in 
 action." He won a number of citations and decora- 
 tions from the .\merican and French governments 
 for bravery in action. 
 
 The citation from French .\rmy Headquarters is 
 as follows: "July 19, 1918, during the engagement 
 at Vierzy he was transferred to the rear on account 
 of a serious wound in the neck. While waiting for 
 his wound to be dressed he left the ambulance and 
 returned to the battle field and helped in the evac- 
 uation of the wounded until he was wounded a sec- 
 ond time." 
 
 From G. H. Q. of the American Expeditionary 
 Forces, Citation Orders No. 6 say: 
 
 "For gallantry in action at Bouresches, France, 
 June 6, 1918, in bringing up supplies under heavy 
 fire." 
 
 Writing to a Martin County friend of his ex- 
 periences in the fighting in June, 1918, Private Smith 
 says: 
 
 "I am quite well but very tired. Up to the pres- 
 ent time I have not been wounded, only slightly 
 burnt on left forearm by machine gun bullets. I 
 suppose the papers have told you what the Marines 
 have done. I have been in the fight since the be- 
 ginning. On June 3 nine strong German assaults 
 were beaten back. My work has taken me to many 
 parts of the field so I have seen a good deal. One 
 place where our artillery blasted the Germans out 
 of a strong point the very grass is burnt, great 
 rocks blown to fragments, trees and undergrowth 
 twisted and torn to pieces, 
 
 "How did the Americans die? In places Amer- 
 icans and Germans fought to the death, all facing 
 one another. In another place I saw a little line 
 of Americans, all facing the enemy, caught by ma- 
 chine gun and shrapnel. I found two wounded. A 
 German Red Cross man had found an officer and 
 two men far in advance of this line, dressed their 
 wounds and sent them back. Another man and I 
 found their packs. This same Red Cross man 
 asked to work in our hospital among the wounded. 
 His request was granted I heard. No man who has 
 not been in a modern battle and has seen the terrible 
 destruction of modern weapons can realize what this 
 war is. 
 
 281 
 
"I worked one day caring for the wounded on the 
 field, part of the time within a few hundred yards 
 of the German lines but was not fired upon. I will 
 tell you the experience of one evening. I was given 
 three men and a guide to carry ammunition to a 
 machine gun company in an advanced position. The 
 guide took us to the wrong place. I put the men 
 under cover as there was a strong bombardment. 
 I went to inquire the way, taking the guide. While 
 I was talking to a man in a hole I heard a shell 
 coming close, a 'whizz-bang' we call them because 
 they travel so fast. I dropped on my knees and 
 the shell struck not more than four feet in front 
 of me and exploded. I think a rock sticking some 
 four inches out of the ground was all that saved 
 me. The guide went back to the men. T got him 
 again and we found a man who said he knew where 
 a machine gun was and would guide me. I sent 
 the guide back to the men with orders to wait. 
 He tried to take the men away but two of them 
 would not go and would not let him go. Finally 
 I located the gun but it was separated from the rest 
 of the company. The gunner said the others were 
 worse oflf for ammunition and were expecting an 
 attack. He told me where his men were. I found 
 a lieutenant and two sergeants who said they would 
 go a part of the way. I went back and got my 
 men. The guide wanted to leave. I told him I 
 would rather die than fail. I could have left the 
 ammunition at the gun and let them get it to the 
 rest of the company as best they could but we are 
 supposed to carry out our orders. 
 
 "My duty was clear. I made up my mind to go 
 through or die in the attempt. We went forward 
 and were seen by a German battery of 88's which 
 opened a direct fire point blank almost. They shot 
 a little too high and we finally got through. I took 
 part of the ammunition to the lieutenant in charge. 
 As we lay down to talk we were seen by a German 
 machine gunner who opened fire. The bullets ticked 
 both my right and left sides and almost cut blood 
 from my face. I rolled into the pit with the gun 
 crew but was not hurt, only the slight burn. I left 
 my men in as safe a place as I could find. Finally 
 I got out and with two of the men brought the 
 rest of the ammunition back to headquarters with 
 all of my men unhurt. My prayer was that I bring 
 them safely through. I really did not care so much 
 for myself. I have taken out a good many parties 
 but up to the present I have not had a man hurt. 
 Two of my men certainly behaved fine and did well. 
 When I reported to the lieutenant after I got back 
 he said: 'Surely God is with you. Smith.' 
 
 "I have learned much up here. It is my firm 
 conviction that this war will end in God's own good 
 time and as He wills and no other way." 
 
 Smith went out of action on July 19th. He tells 
 of it in a letter to his father, written on July 24. 
 
 "Just a few lines to let you know that I am get- 
 ting along as well as can be expected. I am in a 
 French hospital. I arrived here the 21st. I was 
 wounded the morning of the 19th in the great bat- 
 tle. 
 
 "We were in a ravine in reserve before making 
 the attack. .\ high explosive shell made a direct 
 hit. Some men began to scream. I ran into the 
 smoke. It was so dense I could not see others 
 who could get out and when it finally cleared 
 enough for me to see the scene cannot be described. 
 It w-as the most frightful, terrible scene I liave ever 
 witnessed. 
 
 "There was one man I thought I could save, his 
 leg being shattered. I warned him to lie still while 
 I dressed him the best I knew how. I then went 
 for a stretcher but there was none to be had. When 
 I returned to the ravine everyone had left but the 
 dead and wounded. I started to search for my man 
 and found him as I liad left him. I told him that 
 
 it would be hard on him but the only way was for 
 me to carry him out on my back. I bent over to 
 put him on my back when a high explosive shell 
 struck a few feet away and a fragment struck me 
 in the region of the left kidney, inflicting a severe 
 wound. Another struck me just above the left 
 ankle and raised an awful welt but no serious dam- 
 age, only cutting through the skin. 
 
 "After this I could not carry my man so I went 
 back and asked a sergeant to send men for him as 
 soon as possible. I also reported to the top ser- 
 geant, then I managed to make my way to the 
 dressing station which was not far away. I could 
 go no further. I did my best and this was the first 
 time I had failed to accomplish what I had under- 
 taken. I made up my mind long ago that if I ever 
 failed they would have to carry me ofif the field or 
 bury me. They carried me. I can hardly say that 
 I ever had to make up my mind for the idea of ever 
 turning back never entered my mind. I have had 
 to face this issue many times and in the other battle 
 I happened to know that I was mentioned twice for 
 bravery. 
 
 "Don't feel sorry for me. The possibilities are 
 that I will get well in due time. But more than 
 this — I have done my work as best I could, I have 
 worn my uniform without a stain. I have not done 
 one thing or kept any company that I would be 
 ashamed to introduce to my mother or sweetheart." 
 
 Smith recovered quite fully from his wounds and 
 after many weeks in hospital was returned to the 
 United States and discharged. 
 
 DODGING THE SUBMARINES. 
 (By Charles O. Williams, Seaman, U. S. Navy) 
 
 The following letter was written Sept. 13, 1918, by 
 Williams upon his return from one of several trans» 
 .Atlantic trips, this time bringing home several hun- 
 dred wounded. 
 
 "Arrived in port once more. Had rather an 
 eventful trip. To begin with we had an accident 
 before we sailed. They get civilians to coal ships 
 on this side. There are a few sailors in the bunk- 
 ers to see that the coal is stored all right. The 
 bunkers are all closed except when the coal is lei 
 in. There are steam pipes running all through the 
 bunkers and one of these burst and killed seven 
 civilians and one sailor. They had no chance tq 
 get out. They were scalded like chickens when we 
 got them out. The flesh came off the bones. 
 
 "Then we left port in the evening. The Mt. Ver- 
 non, a sister ship, and five destroyers were with 
 us. About seven o'clock next morning a periscope 
 bobbed up between the two ships. There was no 
 chance for the ships to fire for fear of hitting one 
 another. The Hun submerged almost immediately, 
 then fired a torpedo. It hit the Mt. Vernon al- 
 most amidships and killed 35 men. I saw the whole 
 thing from the deck. The torpedo made a white 
 streak as it passed through the water. When it 
 struck there ^-tis a great explosion and water and 
 other materials flew mast high. 
 
 "The destroyers were on the job at once, firin.g 
 and dropping depth bombs all around. They claim 
 there were three submarines but I saw onlj' one. 
 Whether they got away I know not but only one 
 torpedo was fired. It is a wonder they did not 
 take a shot at us as we were nearest. We and three 
 of the destroyers started right ahead at full speed 
 and came across alone. The Mt. Vernon turned 
 back and made Brest under her own steam at 14 
 knots but I guess she didn't have much to spare. 
 When one ship is hit the others get away as soon 
 as possible so they won't get hit too. They leave 
 the destroyers to take care of the injured ship. 
 
 "We brought back some 300 wounded soldiers 
 this trip. Some of tlicm had some experiences to 
 
 282 
 
tell. I wish I could get a couple of weeks at tliose 
 ducks the season of which draws near. I know 
 that is one great sport I shall miss." 
 
 WITH THE AIR BOMBING SQUADRONS. 
 
 (By Lieut. Lee C. Prentice, Deceased) 
 
 Lieut. Prentice, who lost his life in a flight over 
 the German lines, wrote interestingly of the life of 
 an air tighter in letters received by relatives here 
 after his death. 
 
 These excerpts are from a letter written July 20, 
 1918, while Prentice was with the British Expedi- 
 tionary Forces somewhere in France. It was re- 
 ceived here a month later. The writer was killed 
 early in August. 
 
 "There are three bombing squadrons here and a 
 jolly lot they are. They have been giving Fritz the 
 deuce and are still doing so. The squadron I am 
 attached to has not been doing mucli the past week 
 because it has had so many machines hinged and is 
 waiting for new ones. 
 
 "One of bunch, Lieut. Smitli of New York, went 
 over the lines on a 'show' this morning. We were 
 awfully envious about his going but two of us got 
 up 15,000 feet before the others. We have lots of 
 fun in this rivalry. 
 
 "I got up LI, 000 feet yesterday and, gee. but it 
 was fun. Awfully cold though. I was very anxious 
 to get up high because some people can't stand 
 height and I didn't know whether I could either, so 
 that worry is all over now and I know I can go 
 as high as the darned machine can but 1.5,000 feet 
 is about the limit the machines of this squadron can 
 rise. They are very slow in comparison with the 
 Bristol fighters I have been in but tliey are made 
 for one purpose only, bombing. We are waiting 
 for the machines wath the Liberty Motors for then 
 we can go higher and laugh at the damned Fritzs. 
 "Twelve machines went on a raid this morning. 
 Fritz got them pretty badly and we lost some 
 machines and men but Smith got back fine. Under- 
 stand he has been credited with bringing down a 
 Hun. Gosh, wish that was me. If our machines 
 would only come now so we could get a chance at 
 them, but our duty is bombing and the fighting in 
 the air comes from defense only. Offensive fighting 
 is left to the fighting squadrons and the scouts. 
 
 "It does feel good to hear from you how thf" 
 raise the devil with the pro-Germans and Bolshe- 
 viks. That seems to be the worry of all the armies 
 and soldiers in the Allied armies, how are the folks 
 taking care of the traitors in the old home towns. 
 That is one of the first questions the French and 
 British ask the Americans, 'How are you handling 
 the Hun at home? Your country must be jammed 
 with spies.' 
 
 "I am finding out that the English have spies in 
 Germany as well, for every time we have a raid 
 and bomb some objective in about three days comes 
 a mysterious report from across the line about what 
 the effect was and how many people killed and the 
 damage done. 
 
 "This is a most beautiful section of France. The 
 most wonderful woods, rivers, homes and farms and 
 only 12 miles away the Germans are tearing up the 
 very devil. They have tried to get into this section 
 many times for they used to be here in peace times. 
 "I sure enjoy your letters encouraging me and 
 repeating your confidence in what I am trying to 
 do. If one stops to think about the things he is 
 doing and has gone through and is going through 
 trust from home strikes deep. I don't lielieve I 
 ever enjoyed your letters any more in my life than 
 this year. There is a good reason, for any thread 
 that connects one with home folks from away over 
 here and in this kind of life strikes a mighty tender 
 chord. 
 
 "On every side we hear wondrous tales of what 
 our own artillery is doing and of course tlie dough 
 boys are covering themselves with glory. I hope 
 when our air force once gets started we can make 
 the same showing." 
 
 In a still later letter Prentice wrote: 
 "I am located in a rather quiet sector just now, 
 that is quiet from the infantry and artillery stand- 
 point, but old Fritz has found our home and comes 
 over nearly every night with his message of love 
 wrapped in a 250-pound bomb. As we are a bomb- 
 ing squadron with no fighting planes vye sweetly 
 reply with the roar of our '.\rchie' (anti air craft 
 guns). 
 
 "The next day comes our turn and we start out 
 in the morning for some German city in the heart 
 of Old Deutschland. or some airdrome, perhaps an 
 important railway junction or ammunition dump, 
 and do our little bit. 
 
 "Sometimes we go over with only '.\rchie' to 
 contend with; then sometimes they get a hunch we 
 are coming so they wait for us behind some inno- 
 cent-looking little cloud and give us just a little 
 taste of hell (doesn't taste good either) and then 
 we have to fight all the way to our objective and 
 fight all the way back and take a photograph of 
 our objective before coming home. I am getting 
 so I hate the sight of clouds. I never dreamed they 
 could hide so much deviltry. 
 
 "Sometimes we all come back and sometimes we 
 have to leave pals along the way. 'Where is Jack'? 
 Oh, he came down in flames just across the line or 
 he had engine trouble and was forced to land in 
 Fritz's territory. Perhaps he can hide in the woods 
 and iTiake his getaway.' One does not allow these 
 things to make him feel bad, it's all in the game, 
 all in the day's work. 
 
 "It's fun just the same. It might make you smile 
 %vhen I tell you that just before doing a 'show' we 
 carefully pack away two large cakes of sweet choc- 
 olate and a canteen of water in case we could hide 
 in the woods and escape from a forced landing. 
 Then we pack razors, soap, etc., and heavy boots 
 in case of capture. Germans very seldom give pris- 
 oners razors to keep clean. And the boots, if they 
 don't take them away from you, obviate wearing 
 the paper shoes made by the German government. 
 "Seems funny, I have been in the army over a 
 year and now is the first fighting I have seen. The 
 first two months I was in France I did nothin.g, 
 then was sent to England for more gunnery work, 
 and for which I am now very thankful, which took 
 about eight weeks. 1 am now attached to a British 
 bombing squadron on the independent force. Don't 
 know for how long but I hope not too long for I 
 want to get back among the Americans again when 
 those much touted American planes come over. 
 
 "It seems that I am cut ofT from the news of the 
 world entirely. The only papers we see are months 
 old. Stories of our boys' heroism come drifting 
 through from various places. You bet they are 
 doing their bit and doing it well. It ought to shame 
 some of those draft dodgers and grafters at home 
 with these stories drifting back. But it doesn't. 
 Every one of our boys who has gone down has been 
 game to the very end. We do not see the result of 
 hand to hand fighting ourselves. Only individual 
 cases of boys gamely driving back after being ali 
 shot up, dying as they hit the airdrome, or the occa- 
 sional crashes where boys are ground up. Still it's 
 the best branch of the service — this air game — in 
 spite of the many drawbacks. 
 
 "If I can get my share of tlie Fritzs and get 
 back O. K. I will be happy. Ji-st wish me a clear 
 eye and a sure aim and I will lie happy. This shoot- 
 ing in the air is surely dififerent than handling a 
 r'fie on the ground." 
 
 2S3 
 
WOUNDED AND A PRISONER OF GERMANY. 
 
 By Chas. E. Shoemaker, Private Co. B, 316th Inf. 
 
 So far as known but one Alartin connty soldier 
 had tlie experiences of a prisoner of war in the 
 hands of the Boche. Private Shoemaker tells of 
 his four weeks as a wounded American soldier in 
 the hands of the enemy in the following narrative. 
 "On Nov. 4th, 1918, our division, the 79th, was 
 engaged on the Verdun front in the 4T-days battle 
 of the Meuse-Argonne. \VhiIe making the drive nice- 
 ly when I tangled with one of Fritz's shrapnels. 
 I got the worst of it. I got a flesh wound in the 
 right thigh, two scratches on the right knee, and 
 just for good measure, a machine gun bullet came 
 along and grazed my left side just below the ribs. 
 One inch closer and it would have been my fmish. 
 I was lucky. 
 
 "They got me about 9 o'clock in the morning. I 
 managed to get to a trench and find shelter from 
 the bullets and shell that were coming over pretty 
 thick, striking and bursting all around me. It was 
 too hot for our fellows and they had to fall back 
 temporarilj' and I was left in the trench to shift for 
 myself as best I might. 
 
 "About four o'clock in the afternoon Fritz came 
 along and found me. They carried me about three 
 miles to the rear to their first aid station where they 
 dressed my wounds and kept me over night. They 
 gave me a little black coflfee and bread and a stretcher 
 for a bed. The next morning I was taken further 
 back into Belgium and after remaining there a 
 couple of days I was loaded into a German Red 
 Cross train, carrying German, French and American 
 wounded. After three days and as many nights 
 with rations consisting only of soup and what they 
 called a little bread and cofifee I was unloaded at 
 one of Germany's largest prison camps near Darm- 
 stadt. 
 
 "I was placed in a temporary hospital and had 
 my wounds treated once a day, except on some oc- 
 casions when they would skip a day. Here is where 
 I learned to fully appreciate the good old American 
 Red Cross. From them I received a new uniform 
 and outfit of clothing to replace my soiled, worn 
 and blood-stained garments, worn when I went out 
 of action. These were issued me when I was able 
 to leave my bed and walk about. They also gave 
 me rations every fourth day and through them I 
 had plenty to eat, by doing a good deal of the 
 cooking myself. From the Germans I received only 
 soup (mostly hot water), a couple of potatoes and 
 a piece of bread, and once or twice a week a little 
 rice and cofifee. 
 
 "My wounds were protected with dressings of pa- 
 per, as they claimed they had no cloth left for band- 
 ages. 
 
 "After the armistice was signed I was given the 
 privilege of going out of the prison walls to a little 
 village where I could buy a few articles such as 
 onions, potatoes, pickles and a little candy. 
 
 "I never was abused or mistreated while a prison- 
 er. I think the reason for this was that the armis- 
 tice was signed so soon after my capture. The Ger- 
 mans no doubt feared that ill treatment of the Ainer- 
 ican prisoners would bring swift and certain retri- 
 bution. 
 
 "On December 1st I was ordered to entrain for 
 release behind the allied lines. Though my wounds 
 were still unhealed I had to walk six miles to a 
 troop train that carried a large number of prisoners 
 back to France. The walk was almost too much 
 for me in my condition. Upon being released I was 
 placed in a French hospital where it w'as pretty 
 lonesome as every one spoke French. I was soon 
 transferred to an American hospital, where I re- 
 mained several weeks until my wounds were well 
 
 healed when I was returned to the States for dis- 
 charge after another month of treatment." 
 
 HIDE AND SEEK WITH SUBMARINES. 
 
 By Walter H. Blanck, Pharmacist, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Tlie following extracts are from a letter written in 
 June, 1918. 
 
 "I have been attached to tlie Trans-Atlantic trans- 
 port service since Jan. 1. As a result I have spent 
 about six weeks on terra firma during that time. 
 Nevertheless I feel none the worse. A man o' war 
 makes an excellent home. It separates us from all 
 the madness of a large city, crowded subways, foot- 
 pads and all such. 
 
 "Talk of pastimes! We are always playing tag 
 and hide and seek. Of course, not like we used to 
 at school, but we have playmates. We call them 
 'tin fish' and 'Hcinies' but I guess you folks at home 
 call them 'the terrible German submarines.' 
 
 "We fail to see anything so terrible about them, 
 but on the other hand the German submarine sail- 
 ors are always complaining. They say 'the Yankee 
 sailors play too rough.' They w-on't play with us 
 any more. Now they pick on some helpless little 
 tramp steamer which happens to get lost in a fog 
 or storm. 
 
 "We don't give them much of a chance. They 
 submerge when they see us. We just run over their 
 wake and throw a couple of 'ash cans' (depth 
 bombs) overboard and then John U. Boat comes 
 up, not all together however, but in pieces. The 
 crew comes up the same way. One of them comes 
 up and forgets to bring his head along, another 
 without his body and still another without his legs. 
 It's horrible to look at but the fools ought to know 
 better than to monkey with anything that flies the 
 American flag. They're ignorant. The Yankees 
 will team them. 
 
 "I have spent all holidays this year outside of my 
 native land. Washington's birthday in Halifax; 
 Palm Sunday in Brest: Easter Sundaj' in Bor- 
 deaux; Decoration Day in Queenstown; ni}- birth- 
 day in latitude 14. Don't know where I'll spend the 
 Fourth, may be in 'Davy Jones' locker.' 
 
 "This is a small world after all. One evening on 
 entering an elevator of Fifth Ave., New York, I 
 bumped into Ray Keyes. We swapped experiences 
 and talked of home across the supper table. Walk- 
 ing through a warehouse at Queenstown, Ireland, I 
 saw a sailor I thought I knew. I looked again and 
 sure enough, it was Carl Jessen, looking just as 
 big, sturdy and healthy as the last time we were 
 fishing together in >Iinnesota. 
 
 "Decoration Day I visited the graveyard where 
 the victims of the Lusitania are buried." 
 
 TWO HUNDRED MILES OF BATTLE FRONT. 
 By Robert E. Porter, 1st Lt. Q. M. C. 
 
 (From a letter written October 10, 1918) 
 
 "We took about a 200-mile trip along the French 
 front yesterday studying the French methods of get- 
 ting supplies and ammunition to the front and I sure- 
 ly regret that I cannot tell you where we went. It 
 was quite a sight — 15 cars of Allied officers. 
 
 "We visited one prominent town recently occu- 
 pied by the Germans and later shelled by them. 
 One does not realize the awful destruction until 
 one actually sees a town once containing 30.000 
 people completely destroyed. A beautiful cathedral 
 is just a pile of rocks. It had one tower partially 
 standing and I climbed to the top of that to look 
 over the vast ruins. 
 
 "In some places the shell holes were so big that 
 one could drive a Ford through them. 
 
 384 
 
"We saw houses that were partly blown up. The 
 different rooms showed as though one had cut the 
 house in two with a dull knife. 
 
 "In some places three sides of a room would be 
 left and the bed would he hanging over the edge of 
 the room, the pictures still hanging and in the kitch- 
 en there would be all the cooking utensils on the 
 wall, the dishes on a table. In one case a half 
 bottle of wine was still standing on the table. 
 
 "In some places the destruction had been carried 
 further by hand, the furniture and pictures being 
 destroyed. There were hundreds of such houses. 
 The treachery of the Germans is shown by the fact 
 that they have planted mines and bombs in these 
 ruins that are exploded every now and then. 
 
 "We were lucky in seeing an aereal combat just 
 over the German lines. There were two big saus- 
 ages up in the air and a bunch of planes but so far 
 up we could not tell which was which. It was just 
 dusk and the Germans were firing a heavy barrage 
 in front of our planes. We could see the shrapnel 
 burst and flash high up in the air. Would like to 
 finish by sayin.g the German planes came down in 
 flames, but while thej^ probably did, we did not see 
 them. 
 
 "We saw the emplacement of the big gun that 
 fired on Paris. It was very much like a railroad 
 turntable on great bearings, the size of a small 
 bowling ball and which fit in a circular groove. It 
 was in the middle of a dense wood and was in- 
 dicated only by an innocent looking railroad lead- 
 ing to it. They had big cranes there to unload mu- 
 nitions and fine concrete billets under ground. They 
 had destroyed it as much as possible by blowing 
 it up. 
 
 "The wonderful part of it is that they put in the 
 railroad and gun in less than a month. The fool- 
 ish part is that they fired only :34 shots and did 
 practically no damage. 
 
 "We saw machine gun nests up in trees, under 
 bridges, in huts and everywhere. One of them was 
 a concrete hut commanding the road and brid.ge. 
 The walls were SVz feet thick of reinforced con- 
 crete. There were about 12 port holes and the place 
 was covered with grass and looked like a peasant's 
 hut. The Germans' cots and mess and even letters 
 were still there. There were a number of German 
 helmets there but I did not keep one as I have no 
 room to lug around souvenirs. 
 
 "I will write as often as possible and we will be 
 able to talk it over before many moons from the 
 looks of things now. Believe me I will be some 
 happy gink when I set foot on American soil 
 again." 
 
 GASSED AT BELLEAU WOODS. 
 
 (By Thad Allen, Private 78th Co., 6th Regt. 
 Marines.) 
 
 One week after being put out of action by Ger- 
 man gas Thad Allen wrote the followin.g letter to 
 his parents from the ■Ba'se Hospital at Royat, 
 France. Allen recovered and later returned to ac- 
 tion with the famous 2nd Division. 
 
 "Am writing this with just the corner of one eye 
 open, so do your best to read it. I don't know 
 whether you saw my name in the casualty list. 
 
 "About June 13th I got into a kind of artillery 
 trap and the part of the companj- that got out was 
 gassed with mustard gas. After a couple of days' 
 misery I landed here near Clermont, a famous tour- 
 ist resort. I was totally blind for a week and will 
 have no use of my eyes for another one. Gas is 
 awful stuff. Luckily I kept most of it out of my 
 lungs so I will get out all right in a few months. 
 Part of my body is burned black as though I had 
 bathed with liquid fire. Mustard gas settles on 
 moisture and forms sulphuric acid. 
 
 "With the water in my canteen I took an emer- 
 gency wash of the worst spots. Yet I am covered 
 
 with mammoth blisters. I had a H of a time 
 
 but the worst is over. Am in bed, stiff, my lungs 
 full of blood, but soon I'll be enjoying the scenery. 
 I can only taste fruit and liquid food. I lost every- 
 thing — gassed, lost and robbed when I was blind. I 
 am mummified with bandages and can't see but will 
 be out before long." 
 
 Later, when partially recovered from his injuries. 
 Private Allen wrote a vivid description of the ad- 
 vance of the 2nd Division at Chateau Thierry as 
 seen and experienced by a private in the ranks. 
 
 "June 1st, 1918, in the early morning, the whole 
 2nd Division got into trucks at Seraus, swept 
 through Paris and Meaux, and on to meet the Ger- 
 man drive. The road was filled with refugees. At 
 a deserted village near noon we stopped for a short 
 rest and ate all the rabbits and fowls left behind. 
 Very soon our trucks took us a ways further. We 
 got out and advanced in combat formation to the 
 edge of a ravine and du.g in for the first time. We 
 wondered wh\' — no Huns, no French, no firing. 
 Soon over the hills came a few groups of French and 
 then from out the wood across the ravine came 
 occasional far off shots. Then, far away across 
 open country and jun.gle, came the Huns, in long 
 lines, confidently marchin.g their ten easy kilometers 
 a day. The flj'ing French entreated us to leave 
 from certain and useless death. The Hun lines 
 stopped at the ravine, ignorant of our presence. 
 
 "They were some surprised. We opened on them 
 with careful aim and tellin.g effect. I had a fine, 
 telescopic rifle and brou,ght down three that I 
 know of in a short time. Before ni.ght the Hun 
 artillery was growing. Soon we were in the midst 
 of shell holes. The earth shook and earth and 
 rocks showered us. More than one .guy made an 
 unlucky selection for his little hole. We went two 
 days without a bite to eat because the artillery 
 blew up every chow cart that approached the front. 
 The second night I crawled from my hole and re- 
 ceived some scraps of bacon from the packs of 
 those who didn't need it any more, and believe me 
 that raw bacon tasted fine. 
 
 "June 0th, 'over the top.' ^Machine guns every- 
 where. I don't know how but we cleaned them out 
 with ball or bayonet. Our company did great work 
 and captured more than two Heinies to the man, 
 besides those killed and driven back. 
 
 "I am glad I got to the front in time to see the 
 thousands of refugees fleeing a German advance 
 that was scarcely contested. It is different than 
 last winter — fighting Germans who had been taking 
 their own pace toward Paris in the belief that they 
 had already won; with artillery and aviation odds 
 against us — different than it is now fighting their 
 fleeing armies who know what American bullets 
 and American bayonets are, with artillery and avia- 
 tion odds all in our favor. Things are not as they 
 were last winter when, near Verdun, we were in 
 some of the muddiest trenches this country can 
 show, with inadequate clothing and insufficient ra- 
 tions. I am glad I was in the first 300,000 even if 
 things didn't go so pleasantly." 
 
 WHEN DEPTH BOMBS LET GO. 
 By H. E. Wolfe, Y. M. C. A. Secretary. 
 
 (From a letter written in July, 1918.) 
 
 "We had our greatest excitement and sensation 
 at supper last night. It was just 7:20. We were 
 all jollying alon.g as usual when, out of the fog 
 there came a distinct 'boom,' and our ship trembled 
 from stem to stern. 
 
 "There was a second's silence, then the mate 
 said 'that's it.' 
 
 283 
 
"No other word needed to be spoken. The next 
 instant 65 men sprang to their feet and grabbed for 
 their life preservers, which during the entire journey 
 we have had to wear or have near us night and 
 day. 
 
 "The ship seemed to list to port, but, looking out, 
 we saw that we were still moving. Then came a 
 second 'boom.' Strange to say it did not seem to 
 specially startle us. 
 
 "The colonel's voice rang out telling us to stand 
 fast and not leave the room unless the bugle sound- 
 ed 'abandon ship,' a call to which we have daily 
 responded in drill ever since we left. We returned 
 to our seats at the table. 
 
 "In the next few minutes there were additional 
 'booms' to the number of fourteen. We were be- 
 .ginning to speculate as to the cause by that time, 
 feeling that it was not what we suspected. 
 
 "Before we had finished the meal the colonel re- 
 ported that about a mile and a half or two miles 
 astern and to the left of us the destroyers had 
 sighted a submarine for which they dropped 14 
 depth bombs. It was the explosion 'of these that 
 we heard and felt. 
 
 "Believe me, if they could rock our ship at that 
 distance I don't see how they could fail to get the 
 submarine, so much closer and smaller." 
 
 ESCAPED BATTLE'S PERILS TO DIE OF 
 DISEASE. 
 
 Private Fridolph O. Anderson, who before the 
 war was assistant cashier of the Triumph State 
 Bank, spent a month at the front with Co. E, ,54th 
 Inf. He was then evacuated to the rear as a pneu- 
 monia patient and died. 
 
 A letter written. Oct. n, 1918, to a young lady 
 friend, reached this county at the same time as news 
 of his death. It was his last written word home. 
 
 "I am keeping busy looking for some Germans 
 to shoot at. We went into the trenches Sept. 1 
 and now am just back of the first lines. I expect 
 to go back soon. I am getting used to the big shells 
 whizzing over and so far have been lucky not to get 
 wounded. 
 
 "I have not written to my sisters that I am in 
 the trenches as they would be worrying, (.\nderson 
 had two sisters in this county. His parents are 
 dead.) 
 
 "Have travelled a good way since I left the good 
 old U. S. A. and seen many interesting scenes, in- 
 cluding part of England and Scotland, also France. 
 Will have a great deal to tell you when I get back 
 home. 
 
 "We have got old Kaiser Bill a-thinking now and 
 showing him what the Sammy boys can do. 
 
 "I am writing this in the Y. M. C. A. to the tune 
 of the piano and listening to the music reminds me 
 of home. I can imagine myself in the front room 
 hearing you play the piano. Hope it won't be long 
 till I can be sitting in one of those easy rockers 
 watching your fingers go swiftly over the keys. 
 
 "The Y. ^I. C. A. certainly is a nice place to go. 
 We had a Bible class or,ganized but have not had 
 time to get together lately. About thirty members 
 used to meet once each week for Bible study. I 
 do not neglect to read my Bible and pray even if 
 the class does not get together. I carry my testa- 
 ment with me always." 
 
 GASSED ON HIS BIRTHDAY. 
 By Private Albert F. Donwen, Co. A, 129th Inf. 
 
 Private Albert F. Donwen of Jay township sur- 
 vived all battles and saw the victorious dawn of 
 armistice day. Still he did not live to return to 
 home and loved ones. He was killed in a railroad 
 accident in France Nov. 20, 1918. In a letter writ- 
 
 ten October 16, 1918, to his parents he expresses the 
 belief, common among the soldiers at that time, 
 that the end of hostilities was at hand. 
 
 "I am very sorry to say that I had quite a sur- 
 prise on my birthday. I was slightly gassed on 
 October 5th. Left for the hospital the next day and 
 am at a base hospital now. I am being well cared 
 for so don't worry about me. I was blind for a few 
 day.s and can only talk a little now. But I think 
 I will soon be after old Fritz again, that is, if I can 
 ever catch up with him. We surely have got him 
 going, haven't we? 
 
 "I could have written and let you know about this 
 much sooner but I didn't have the material to write 
 on. The nurse just brought me an envelope but 1 
 bummed this paper. I will try to fill it up the best 
 I can. It looks as though we would be home before 
 very long but you can never tell. 
 
 "I expect threshing is all over with by this time 
 and you will be husking corn when you get this 
 letter. I wouldn't mind being there to help you 
 husk a few loads." 
 
 PATROL HUGS EARTH TO AVOID HUN 
 
 BULLETS. 
 
 (By Private Theodore Ludwigson, Hq. Co., 
 
 324th Inf.) 
 
 This letter was written by Private Ludvigson to 
 Martin county relatives after hostilities had ceased. 
 The writer recounts some of the emotions a fellow 
 experiences while serving at the front. 
 
 "I belong to Headquarters Company and the 
 band marches with us, also Old Glory, just as bright 
 as ever. The Huns, with all their damnable tricks, 
 haven't even stained it. Gee, but it makes me feel 
 good when the band strikes up "The Stars and 
 Stripes Forever" and to see Old Glory waving in 
 the breeze. When I realize what it means to us 
 now my old rifle snaps into place and my feet get 
 wild, no matter how far I have marched or how 
 tired I am. We didn't see much of it while on the 
 firing line and it certainly seems good to march 
 with it again. 
 
 "I got news from home that one of my chums 
 had died and it seems hard to know I will see him 
 no more. Many of my comrades here have left us 
 the same way. I have helped to carry them away 
 or to guard them at night and it makes a fellow's 
 blood boil to see how perfectly tlie Huns some- 
 times succeed with their devilish work. 
 
 "I'm a Pioneer now, you know, and our work 
 was mostly out in No Man's Land. We found four 
 boys in our trench one morning and they were bay- 
 onetted, shot and grenaded by a Boche patrol to 
 make sure they were dead. It was a terrible sight. 
 We carried tliem away and then started on a gen- 
 eral Hun hunt with rifles cocked and bayonets fixed. 
 We searched every bush and dugout in the woods. 
 Our sector was in Alsace-Lorraine, near St. Die. 
 Perhaps you can locate it on the map. It is a very 
 mountainous region with forest all over it. 
 
 "We got a couple of snipers but the rest got into 
 their lines too quick for us. Our trenches were 
 about 200 yards apart in some places. 
 
 "Next day we started out with a patrol of 15 men 
 to inspect wire entanglements and we went around 
 on the German side of the wire. Pretty tough 
 navi.gating, believe me. We had to crawl on our 
 stomachs much of the way. All went well until 
 we had nearly made the round. We were about 
 100 yards from Fritz when the man next to me and 
 in the rear of the patrol fell down in a mud hole. 
 Holy Moses! Talk about excitement. The Huns 
 heard and opened up on us. 
 
 "Machine .guns were fairly cutting the grass 
 around us. There was one thing in our favor and 
 that was a little path on the crest of a hill. It was 
 
 286 
 
about six inches deep and wc had to lie down flat 
 and back up like a crab to face the enemy. They 
 were too many for us and we dared not fire at 
 them unless we could see them. They were at the 
 foot of the hill in some bushes and trenches and 
 poking away at us to beat the band. 
 
 ".\ hand grenade struck a tree not thirty feet 
 from me and the machine guns sent a volley of bul- 
 lets at the rate of .500 rounds a minute all around 
 us. The sunken path is all that saved us as the 
 bullets would hit in the dirt and .glance over us. The 
 Fritzs thought they would have game for supper 
 but soon changed their minds when our own ma- 
 chine gun post spied them and a fight took place. 
 We crawled through the mud till we got to our own 
 trench again. Then the French woke up and sent a 
 barrage of 75's over into the Fatherland. It seemed 
 mighty good to hear them whistle over our heads 
 and burst among the enemy. 
 
 "I don't see how in God's name our patrol eve"" 
 got away without being killed, but as luck would 
 have it one of our boys en post was up in a tree 
 and spied the Germans in time to give the alarm. 
 So we owe our lives to him. 
 
 "The Huns soon turned tail and ran and then we 
 joined the bunch and took after them. They have 
 got any jackrabbit beaten that I ever chased. We 
 trailed them until dark but never got a chance at 
 them. They are the worst kind of cowards when 
 they see the other side has an even show. They 
 thought our patrol was easy picking or they would 
 have left us alone. They forgot that Uncle Sam 
 had some ready stuff on hand." 
 
 SECRET WAR PREPARATIONS. 
 (By George W. Dewey, Captain M. C, U. S. A.) 
 
 The following letter was written by Dr. Dewey 
 from an unidentified place in France on June 21, 
 1918. 
 
 "This little town of possibly 400 inhabitants be- 
 fore the war has already fed 40 of its best men to 
 the guns. I visited an American Base Hospital to- 
 day, only ten miles from here, an Orthopedic Hos- 
 pital, and saw thirty young .Americans come in 
 from the firing line with stubs to be fitted with 
 artificial hands and feet. I looked them all over, 
 wondering if I would see any familiar faces. I 
 asked what part of the United States they came 
 from and found they were from almost every state 
 in the ■ Union. 'Any from Minnesota?' I asked. 
 'Why yes, the sergeant over there is from Minne- 
 sota.' I approached him. 'Yes,' he said, T am 
 from Minneapolis.' Leg off above the knee. The 
 monster jaws had closed on him and taken his leg. 
 
 "Another handsome six-footer, not over 25 years 
 old, with both hands off, was from North Dakota. 
 One from New York and so on from all over the 
 country. One strapping fellow attracted my atten- 
 tion as he looked as though he ought to be all right 
 except for a weak, trembling, staggering gait. 1 
 asked him w-here he was wounded and with a cou.gh 
 and a very faint voice he answered 'Gassed.' How- 
 ever, bad as is their condition, the medical profes- 
 sion is now doing wonders for these dismembered 
 fellows. The one with both hands off said he had 
 tried on an artificial hand to-day and could pick 
 up a pin from the floor with it. 
 
 "You may wonder what I am doing in this little 
 town, which you probably cannot find on the map, 
 and to what organization I am assigned. Censor- 
 ship will not allow me to tell. '.Assembly Factory.' 
 May assemble self binders or hay rakes or sewing 
 machines. Probably as much like the latter as any- 
 thing. It is an international affair. There are five 
 different nationalities, speaking as many languages. 
 At sick call this mornin.g I had 4ii men to look 
 
 over with no one to help but a single interpreter. 
 .Almost as bad as getting mail from home. But as 
 badly as the languages seem to be mixed it is not 
 like the Tower of Babel for there is a clear-minded 
 head to manage and when this factory begins to 
 move old Satan himself will have to sit up and 
 take notice. 
 
 "I am not exactly on the firing line, but like 
 every one else in the army I may be somewhere 
 else tomorrow. I was ordered here. I never saw a 
 soul that is here before I came. I have not seen any- 
 one since I came that I ever saw before. But there 
 is a lot of work and we are .good friends and don't 
 get lonesome. That is the spirit of it all here for 
 we are after the devil and after him hard and won't 
 be back till it's over over here." 
 
 HOW AN AMERICAN SOLDIER DIED. 
 
 The family of Private Henry Foster received the 
 details of the death of this soldier in a letter from 
 a sergeant of his company, written from France. 
 The letter reveals the manner iii which the typical 
 .American soldier comported himself in battle. The 
 sergeant says: 
 
 "I am writing you on a matter of .great sorrow 
 to you but thinking you would like to know the de- 
 tails of your brother's death I will state the main 
 facts and if my words seem cold and cruel I ask 
 your forgiveness. 
 
 "After taking Grand Pre three times the Germans 
 were retreating to the timber about one half mile 
 to the north, leaving us in possession of the road 
 running east and west with open ground between. 
 Our next advance carried us across this open ground 
 in the face of heavy machine gun fire. Our ob- 
 jective was to clean up their machine gun nests and 
 force the enemy through the timber. 
 
 "Your brother Henry was in a party detailed to 
 get a certain nest of five guns but in the dash across 
 The open he was hit by a machine gun bullet, death 
 being instantaneous. Later I and some comrades 
 buried him where he fell about a mile and a quar- 
 ter northwest of Grand Pre. 
 
 "I am proud to say that Henry Foster met his 
 death like a man, fighting for his country, and you 
 should be very proud of the memory of a brother 
 who was a soldier and a man." 
 
 Foster's company suffered very severe casualties 
 in the fighting at Grand Pre. Every ofilcer and most 
 of the enlisted men were killed or wounded — but 
 the objective was attained and the victory won. 
 
 MARTIN COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. ' 
 
 Five years before the Confederacy fired upon Ft, 
 Sumter Martin county was an unsettled wilderness. 
 It is true that previous to that date soldiers, trap- 
 pers and hardy adventurers had penetrated the 
 Chain Lake country and brought back accounts 
 thereof to the outlying settlements in what was 
 then the "far west." 
 
 In March, 1856, the first permanent settler staked 
 his claim in Martin county, which was then a part 
 of Brown county. He was Calvin Tuttle and came 
 from the vicinity of Ft. Dodge, Iowa, which was 
 then one of the nearest settlements. His claim was 
 located on Silver Lake. He brought with him his 
 family, consisting of wife and seven children, and 
 established the first home in Martin county. A few 
 others came the same year, among them Wm. H. 
 Budd. to whose published recollections we are in- 
 debted for much of the information upon which 
 this chapter is based. 
 
 Immigration into the new country was slow and 
 there was no general settlement until after the Civil 
 War period When the country became involved 
 
 287 
 
in civil strife there were only a few small settle- 
 ments, the principal ones being at Fairmont, Center 
 Chain, East Chain, Tenhassen, along Elm Creek 
 and in Nashville township. The early settlers kept 
 close to the wooded banks of the lakes and streams, 
 which gave them shelter, fuel and material for their 
 humble cabins. In 1861 the population was only a 
 few hundred. 
 
 Prior to permanent settlement detachments of 
 United States troops passed through the territory 
 and brought back accounts of a wonderful wooded 
 lake country, abounding in game, fish and fur-bear- 
 ing animals. General John C. Fremont led an ex- 
 pedition through the southwest part of the county, 
 giving his name to a small body of water, later per- 
 petuated in the name "Lake Fremont township." 
 Lt. Albert Lea, for whom the city of .\lbert Lea is 
 named, passed through on an exploring expedition 
 with a small company about ts.")4. 
 
 According to Budd's History of Martin county the 
 first troops to pass through what is now Fairmont 
 after settlers had established homes here, was a 
 battery commanded by Major Wm. T. Sherman, 
 later General Sherman, the .great Civil War com- 
 mander. He had a battery of four field pieces and 
 was en route from Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, to Ft. 
 Ridgley, Minn. Major Sherman made camp for 
 his command on the east shore of Hall Lake, on 
 land now owned by J. W. Lowe. While here he 
 bought corn for his animals, numbering 64 mules 
 and 80 horses, from the settlers. The ancient mem- 
 oranda of the transaction shows Wm. H. Budd to 
 have sold the corn and that he received from the 
 government T.5 cents a bushel. This data proves 
 this county during the outbreak and his name is not 
 of record. 
 
 The first local military organizations were formed 
 in .August, 1S62, when, due to the great Indian up- 
 rising, the settlers formed themselves into volunteer 
 military units for mutual protection. Several from 
 this county served in a company regularly organ- 
 ized at Winnebago City, to which place and Blue 
 Eanth City nearly all of the settlers fled when the 
 first news of the Indian outbreak reached them. 
 Only one person is known to have been killed in 
 county durin.g the outbreak and his name is not of 
 record. 
 
 After a few days the excitement subs'ded some- 
 what and the settlers returned to their deserted 
 homes. Feeling the need of protection, as Indian 
 depredations continued throughout the southwest- 
 ern part of the state, the establishment of a .gov- 
 ernment military post at Fairmont was procured. 
 This was one of a number of similar posts along 
 the frontier. 
 
 Ft. Fairmont, which was a stockaded enclosure 
 standing approximately where the court house is 
 now located, was established in 1863. The first 
 garrison was Co. A, 25th Wisconsin. Major Jerry 
 Rusk, later governor of Wisconsin and prominent 
 in national politics, was in command. Successive 
 commands that later garrisoned the post were Co. 
 .\ 7th Minn. Inf., Co. D 9th Minn. Inf.. Co. F Ist 
 Minn. Mounted Rangers, Co. C fitli Minn. Inf.. 
 Co. F 1st Minn. Mounted Rangers, and finally a 
 detachment of cavalry. The post was abandoned 
 early in 1865. During the time it was located Iiere 
 a number of the settlers enlisted in Co. C, 6th Minn. 
 Inf. and later went south with the command. 
 
 The establishing of a military post not only 
 brought security but prosperity in a degree to the 
 settlers. There was a ready market for such sup- 
 plies as could be produced locally and employment 
 for much civilian labor. There was little for the 
 soldiers to do except to patrol the line between 
 Fairmont and adjacent posts. Much time was spent 
 in hunting and fishing and a considerable number of 
 
 Civil War soldiers, later engaged in rigorous cam- 
 paigns and bloody battles in the southland, carried 
 in their memories pleasant recollections of the days 
 of service at Fairmont. 
 
 A second military post in the county, also en- 
 closed in a stockade, was established in connection 
 with Ft. Fairmont in Sec. 36, Galena township, some 
 fifteen miles northwest of Fairmont. This was 
 called Ft. Chanyaska. fin Budd's history this is 
 spelled "Shinnieska".) Successive reliefs from the 
 Fairmont garrison occupied this post. 
 
 In the midst of the toil and hardship incident to 
 establishing homes in a new country, far from 
 transportation and markets and the menace of hos- 
 tile Indians jNIartin county was called upon to fur- 
 nish its regular quota of troops under the various 
 calls of Pres. Lincoln for volunteers, also under the 
 draft when it became operative later in the war. 
 That the settlement gave freely of its meagre and 
 sorely needed man power is shown by the fact that 
 more than sixty volunteers entered the Union army. 
 Considering the scant population of the county at 
 that time the roster of soldiers proves that there were 
 no slackers here in those days, and that Martin 
 county gave to the Union army men far out of pro- 
 portion to its population. In many instances the 
 volunteers were married men who had lately estab- 
 lished their families here. All were poor and it is 
 difficult for the people of to-day to imagine the hard 
 conditions of life under which the people, more par- 
 ticularly the women and children, were forced to 
 live while husbands and fathers were in the army. 
 Not too much honor can be accorded the heroic 
 women of those days who "kept the home fires 
 burning." Some of them still survive and are able 
 to look back through the long vista of the years 
 and picture in their minds the stirring and soul-try- 
 ing experiences of the first war days the people of 
 this county passed through. 
 
 The recruits of the '60's did not march away in 
 Pullman cars to the music of bands and amid the 
 plaudits of the populace. They lacked the material 
 comforts that followed our soldiers in the World 
 War quite to the trenches. Their clothing and food 
 was meager, their wages paid in depreciated cur- 
 rency. Private soldiers were paid $13 per month, 
 subject to a heavy depreciation. There were no fam- 
 ily allotments and allowances to help those who re- 
 mained in the homes. 
 
 As the little parties of soldiers departing for the 
 front left their homes they went on foot, oTi horse- 
 back or on wagons drawn by oxen or horses. For 
 the most part they went to Ft. Snelling, the mil- 
 itary headquarters of the state, for mustering. One 
 party started to march the entire distance, and ac- 
 tually did travel on foot to Faribault, where teams 
 met theiTi and furnished wagon transportation the 
 rest of the way. From Ft. Snelling to the South 
 the journey was usually by steamer, via the Mis- 
 sissippi river. 
 
 Unfortunately no record has ever been made of 
 the names and service of the men from this county 
 who served in the Civil War and at this late date 
 such compilation is rendered most difiicult as time 
 has severed nearly all the ties of personal recollec- 
 tion binding those days to the present. However 
 the work has been undertaken and by careful search 
 of the records in the office of the adjutant general 
 of the state and interviewing the few veterans and 
 members of their families who remain the list which 
 follows has been compiled. That it is complete or 
 free from error is not to be expected. So far as 
 known but four Martin county Civil War veterans 
 survive at this date, April 1, 1920. They are Frank 
 Park. Wm. H. Swearingen, Henry Henton and 
 George Murray. Mr. Murray and Mr. Henton are 
 the only ones still resident of the county. 
 
Roster of Civil War Soldiers. 
 
 Name 
 Bardwell, Chester A. 
 Bennett, Hiram 
 Brainard, L. F. 
 Bottomley, William 
 Brown, Mathias 
 Budd, William H. 
 Burdick, John W. 
 Burnham, Alex 
 Burnett, Eugene 
 Burnett, George 
 Canfield, Daniel A. 
 Canfield, James E. 
 Canfield, Lucicn F. 
 Carver, Samuel H. 
 Chesrown, J. M. 
 Clark, Hiram 
 Cole, Lafayette 
 Connolv, Silas W. 
 Cook, M. L. 
 Doolittle, Edwin 
 Elwiss, Francis 
 Fitzsimmons, Dan'l C. 
 Frederick, Jacob 
 Garrison, George W. 
 Gleason, William 
 Hay worth, Jehu 
 Hen ton, Henry 
 Hodgman, A. J. 
 Hubbard, William 
 Hudson, James S. 
 Johnson, Isaac 
 Johnson, Rodney 8. 
 Jones, Charles 
 Keys, Edgar G. 
 Loomer, Joseph H. 
 Love, Daniel 
 Lovell, George W. 
 Murray, George 
 Park, Frank 
 Patchin, Joseph 
 Pease, Frank L. 
 Personius, C. D. 
 Personius, Horace 
 Pitcher, Asa 
 Pitcher, Henry 
 Rice, Stephen O. 
 Rice, William F. 
 Rogers, Robert F. 
 Schultz, Christian 
 Scott, George M. 
 Sheppard, Jerome 
 Smith, Alfred B. 
 vSmith, John H. 
 Stewart, Carey 
 Swearingen, I. G. 
 Swearingen, Wm. H. 
 True, Lewis F. 
 Whiteomb, Edward E. 
 Whitcomb, Milo S. 
 Willoughby, Joseph 
 Wiltze, Thomas B. 
 Young, Alphonzo W. 
 Youngman, William H. 
 
 Age at 
 
 
 
 
 Enlistment 
 
 Enlisted 
 
 Discharged 
 
 Command 
 
 34 
 
 Feb. 16, 1864 
 
 Aug. 19, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 23 
 
 Nov. 19, 1864 
 
 Sept. 6, 1865 
 
 Co. C 5th Minn. Inf. 
 
 27 
 
 Feb. 14, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 23 
 
 Feb. 13, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 42 
 
 Feb. 12, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 34 
 
 Feb. 16, 1864 
 
 Aug. 19, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 30 
 
 Feb. 18, 1864 
 
 Aug. IQ, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 17 
 
 Feb. 15, 1865 
 
 Sept. 2,7, 1865 
 
 Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 18 
 
 Apr. 12, 1864 
 
 Jun. 1, 1866 
 
 Co. B Brackett's Bn. 
 
 24 
 
 Sept. 7, 1864 
 
 Jun. 17, 1865 
 
 Co. B 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 18 
 
 Aug. 21, 1862 
 
 Died Jan. 20, 1864 
 
 Co. K 7th Minn. Int. 
 
 24 
 
 Aug. 17, 1862 
 
 Died Feb. 4, 1864 
 
 Co. D 9th Minn. Inf. 
 
 21 
 
 May 21, 1861 
 
 Jun. 1864 
 
 Co. A 1st Minn. Inf. 
 
 42 
 
 Feb. 15, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 28 
 
 Feb. 11, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 29 
 
 Feb. 20, 1864 
 
 Mav 10, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 25 
 
 Feb. 6, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 18 
 
 Feb. 6, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. F 1st Minn, H. A. 
 
 39 
 
 Feb. 13, 1865 
 
 Died, 1865 
 
 Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 32 
 
 Feb. 4, 1865 
 
 Sept. 20, 1865 
 
 Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 24 
 
 Mar. 30, 1865 
 
 Jul. 14, 1865 
 
 Co. G 1st Minn. Inf. Bn. 
 
 18 
 
 Feb. 19, 1864 
 
 Jan. 28, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 30 
 
 Feb. 15, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 31 
 
 Mar. 30, 1865 
 
 Jul. 14, 1865 
 
 Co. G 1st Minn. Inf. Bn. 
 
 32 
 
 Feb. 4, 1865 
 
 1865 
 
 Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 36 
 
 Feb. 21, 1865 
 
 Nov. 22, 1865 
 
 Co. I 2nd Minn. Cav. 
 
 24 
 
 Feb. 18, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. M 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 35 
 
 Feb. 15, 1865 
 
 Sept. 21, 1865 
 
 Co. H 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 38 
 
 Feb. 26, 1864 
 
 May 13, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 
 
 Died in service 
 
 2nd Wis. Cav. 
 
 37 
 
 Mar. 16, 1863 
 
 Died in service 
 
 Co. A 7th Minn. Inf. 
 
 34 
 
 Feb. 10, 1864 
 
 Aug. 19, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 19 
 
 Feb. 4, 1865 
 
 Jun. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. E 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 28 
 
 Feb. 20, 1864 
 
 Tun. 15, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 37 
 
 Feb. 13, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 23 
 
 Feb. 13, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 24 
 
 Feb. 15, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 21 
 
 Aug. 26, 1864 
 
 Jun. 26, 1865 
 
 Co. C lllh Minn. Inf. 
 
 21 
 
 Dec. 1, 1863 
 
 Nov. 1, 1864 
 
 Co. C 2nd Minn. Cav. 
 
 18 
 
 Feb. 4, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 43 
 
 Feb. 20, 1864 
 
 Aug. 22, 1864 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 26 
 
 Nov. 16, 1864 
 
 Died of Service Dis. 
 
 Jan. 11, 1867 Co. I 5th Minn, 
 
 17 
 
 Jan. 31, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. E 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 38 
 
 Nov. 18, 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 Co. D 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 25 
 
 Feb. 24, 1864 
 
 Jan. 5, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 28 
 
 Feb. 13, 1865 
 
 vSept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. F 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 44 
 
 Nov. 1, 1864 
 
 Killed Dec. 16, 186-1 
 
 1 Co. K 5th Minn. Inf. 
 
 23 
 
 Nov. 18, 1864 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. D 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 24 
 
 Nov. 18, 1864 
 
 Nov. 18, 1864 
 
 Co. D 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 27 
 
 Nov. 20, 1864 
 
 Jun. 26. 1865 
 
 Co. F nth Minn. Inf. 
 
 27 
 
 Aug. 27, 1864 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. D 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 22 
 
 Feb. 15, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 24 
 
 Feb. 16, 1864 
 
 Aug. 19, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 22 
 
 Aug. 17, 1862 
 
 Aug. 24, 1865 
 
 Co. D 9th Minn. Inf. 
 
 28 
 
 Aug. 27, 1864 
 
 Jun. 26, 1865 
 
 Co. H nth Minn. Inf. 
 
 21 
 
 Feb. 20, 1864 
 
 Died in service 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 25 
 
 Feb. 20, 1864 
 
 Mav 24, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 35 
 
 Feb. 14, 1865 
 
 Sept. 27, 1865 
 
 Co. K 1st Minn. H. A. 
 
 40 
 
 Feb. 25, 1864 
 
 Aug. 19, 1865 
 
 Co. C 6th Minn. Inf. 
 
 34 
 
 Mar. 10, 1865 
 
 Jun. .30, 1865 
 
 1st Minn. Bty. L. A. 
 
 22 
 
 Aug. 17, 1862 
 
 1865 
 
 Co. D 9th Minn. Inf. 
 
 The great Civil War ended fifty-two years before 
 the World War began. Still many of the veterans 
 of that internecine strife survived to see our armies 
 again victorious, a goodly number of these grizzled 
 heroes in Martin county. Many of them saw sons 
 and grandsons march away to again serve under 
 the flag to which they half a century before had 
 given proof of their devotion. Several of them 
 again served their country in the only capacity open 
 to them — as members of the county war board, 
 solicitors in drives for funds and as speakers to 
 stimulate zeal for the country's cause. 
 
 J. A. Everett, an officer in a Maine regiment in 
 the 60's, since deceased, addressed many public gath- 
 erings to stimulate recruiting before the draft became 
 operative. C. E. Coleman, H. P. Edwards and 
 James D. Griggs were members of the county war 
 board. All gave a hearty hand clasp and fervent 
 "God bless you" to the boys of 1917-18. 
 
 The records of the pension office of April 17, 1918, 
 showed the following Civil War veterans to be res- 
 ident of Martin county on that date. Several on 
 that roster have since passed to the eternal bivouac, 
 
 389 
 
such being indicated by the letter (d) after their 
 names as they appear 1)chi\v. 
 
 Adams. Benjamin, (d). Granada. 
 Anderman, Henry, (d). Fairmont. 
 Anderson. Charles A., Fairmont. 
 Anderson. John O., Dunnell. 
 Ammann. Jacob, Welcome. 
 Atzenhofer Peter, Triumph. 
 Ballon, Edward L., (d). Fairmont. 
 Boyce, John, Fairmont. 
 Brush. Edwin. Fairmont. , 
 
 Canright. Solomon, (d), Truman. 
 Clay. John. Fairmont. 
 Colman. Charles E., Fairmont, 
 Corey, Allen, Fairmont. 
 Dettmer. Henry, Fairmont. 
 Edwards. Huntington P.. Fairmont. 
 Everett. James A., fd), Fairmont. 
 FoUett. Frederick, Fairmont. 
 Griggs, James D., Truman. 
 Hendrick. Thomas C. Fairmont. 
 Henton, Henry, Truman. 
 Jewett. John G., Fairmont. 
 Johnson, Nathan, (d), Fairmont. 
 Jones. Chauncey W., (d). Fairmont. 
 Lloyd, Edward S., (d), Granada. 
 Leaning, Henry, Sherburn. 
 McCadden. Richard J., Fairmont. 
 Mills, Silas. Truman. 
 Murray, George. Fairmont. 
 Neison, Olof .\.. Sherburn. 
 Oberg. Charles J., Dunnell. 
 Odell, Joseph H., Granada. 
 Persons, Walter C. Ceylon. 
 Patchin, Joseph, Truman. 
 Ray, Ransom P., (d), Fairmont. 
 Robinson, John, (d), Truman. 
 Runyan, Henry H., Fairmont. 
 Schultz, William, Fairmont. 
 Schultz. \\'illiam H., Sherburn. 
 Seaton, WelIin.gton S., Fairmont. 
 Sisson. Olen G.. (d), Sherburn. 
 Smith, Josiah, Fairmont. 
 Smith, Orlando, (d), Fairmont. 
 Stadt, Charles, Welcome. 
 Stewart. James, Fairmont. 
 Swearingen, William H.. Fairmont. 
 Taplin. John, Fairmont. 
 Taylor, Augustus .'\., Fairmont. 
 Trumble. Harvey W., Sherburn. 
 Tuttle, Harmon B.. Fairmont. 
 Tyler, Robert M.. Fairmont. 
 Ward. Albert L., Fairmont. 
 Weber, Cyrus, Sherburn. 
 Wheeler, Edwin W., Granada. 
 Wonlcott, Johnson. Ceylon. 
 
 IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. 
 
 Martin county furnislied one full company of 
 infantry for service in the Spanish-.A.merican war. 
 This was Co. D, 2nd Inf. Minnesota National Guard, 
 which after muster into federal service became Co. D, 
 12th Minn. Volunteer Infantry. Minnesota fur- 
 nished eleven regiments of infantry in the Civil 
 War and when its state troops were called to serve 
 against Spain the regiments were given numbers 
 consecutivel3' beginning with the 12th. 
 
 In raising troops for the Spanish-American war 
 there was no general opportunity for enlistment as 
 only a small number of troops were needed and the 
 system then prevailed of forming complete local 
 companies with local officers of the men's own elec- 
 tion, such companies being accepted for federal serv- 
 ice as needed or whenever political influence pro- 
 cured their recognition. Under this system Minne- 
 sota furnished four regiments of infantry for this 
 
 war, tlirce of which were former national guard 
 regiments and one raised late in the war liy volunteer 
 companies being recognized and called to service. 
 
 Fairmont had long maintained a national guard 
 company and this was called out almost immediate- 
 ly after war was declared. When the call was re- 
 sponded to Co. D was officered bv Capt. Irvin.g J. 
 Boyce. 1st Lt. William R. Boyce and 2nd Lt. Ed- 
 ward K. Slater. The Captain and First Lieutenant 
 were brothers, young farmers residing in Rutland 
 township. Lt. Slater, 18 years of age, was a printer 
 employed in Fairmont. 
 
 Co. D entrained at Fairmont April 28, 1898, go- 
 ing to Camp Ramsey, which was established at the 
 State Fair Grounds. St. Paul, a state mobilization 
 camp. Here on May 7th the men, except for a few 
 rejected on physical examination, were mustered 
 into federal service. On May 16th the company left 
 for Camp Thomas, Chickamaugua, Georgia, for 
 training preparatory to service in Cuba, the regi- 
 mental commander having selected service there in 
 preference to the Philippine Islands. The regi- 
 mental commander was Col. Joseph Bobleter of 
 New Ulm. a Civil War veteran and former state 
 treasurer, the senior national guard officer of the 
 state. 
 
 The military situation never required that Co. D 
 leave the United States. The quick collapse of 
 Spain's army prevented a very large part of the 
 forces of the United States from leaving the home 
 camps. The 12th Minnesota was among the regi- 
 ments that were not needed. 
 
 Co. D remained at Camp Thomas until Aug. 22nd. 
 On June 2.")th 25 additional men. recruited at Fair- 
 mont, were added to the rolls, bringing the strength 
 of the company to .3 officers and lOG enlisted men. 
 During the summer the command suffered severely 
 from an epidemic of typhoid fever, probably one-half 
 of the men having the disease, while many others 
 sufifered from dysentery and other complaints. San- 
 itary conditions were intolerably bad and facilities 
 for caring for the sick crude in the extreme. Not- 
 withstanding the stamina of the men was such that 
 only one, Private Leon C. Brown, died. Capt. Boyce 
 was ill in hospital during all of the period of serv- 
 ice in the south, the command devolving upon Lt. 
 W. R. Boyce. 
 
 Conditions became so bad at Camp Thomas that 
 on Aug. 22 orders were received to proceed to Lex- 
 ington, Kentucky, where Camp Hamilton was estab- 
 lished. At that time less than forty men were pres- 
 ent fit for duty. At Camp Hamilton the health of 
 the men rapidly improved. The stay at this station 
 was brief. On Sept. 15th, in obedience to orders 
 previously received for muster out, Co. D started 
 for Minnesota and home. The regiment proceeded 
 to New Ulm, Minn., where Camp Mueller was es- 
 tablished at the Brown county fair grounds. Co. D 
 was immediately furloughed for thirty days and 
 returned to Fairmont in a body on Sept. 22. On 
 Oct. 7th the men were guests at an elaborate ban- 
 quet given by the people of Fairmont. 
 
 Furlough expired on Oct. 22nd when all returned 
 to New Ulm for discharge. The final checking and 
 disposition of records and property took until Nov. 
 6. 1898, when the command ceased to exist and the 
 discharged men returned to their homes, mostly in 
 Martin county. Only a small number are still res- 
 ident here at the time this sketch is written. They 
 are scattered through many states and foreign coun- 
 tries. Several have died and the whereabouts of 
 many are unknown. 
 
 Several of the former members of Co. D served 
 in the World War. Private John H. Gould was 
 with the A. E. F. as a Lieutenant-Colonel in the 
 Veterinary Corps. He followed the regular army as 
 a career after his short term as a volunteer. Lt. 
 
 290 
 
Will. R. Boyce was again in the service as a Cap- 
 tain of Infantry. Sergt. John H. Christie, an old 
 regular army man, returned to that service and 
 served until retired for age. He was recalled to 
 service during the World War and died while on 
 
 duty as an instructor at a camp in the United States. 
 Private Arthur M. Nelson was again in service as 
 Major Adjutant General's Department. Musician 
 William P. Helinsky served overseas as an air 
 service mechanic. 
 
 Roster of Co. D, 12th Minn. Vol. Inf. 
 
 Name Rank 
 
 Boyce, Irving J Captain 
 
 Boyce. William R 1 st Lieut. 
 
 Slater, Edward K 2nd Lieut. 
 
 Clark. James H 1st Sergt. 
 
 Lewis, George Q. M. Sergt. 
 
 Teeter. George Sergt. 
 
 Bird, Alex Sergt. 
 
 Montgomery, Edward Sergt. 
 
 Christie, John H Sergt. 
 
 Williams. William D Corporal 
 
 Milhert, Walter Corporal 
 
 Pratt, Marshall N Corporal 
 
 Bird. Benjamin F Corporal 
 
 True, Norman T Corporal 
 
 Drown, Samuel F Corporal 
 
 Conklin, Percj- T Corporal 
 
 Burdick. Frank V Corporal 
 
 Swearingen. Charles Corporal 
 
 Gould. Watson W Corporal 
 
 Livingston, Robert Corporal 
 
 Helinsky, William P Musician 
 
 Lampert. Adelard Musician 
 
 Dyslin, -Maurice Artificer 
 
 Wolter, John Wagoner 
 
 .\nderman, George Private 
 
 Blair, James Private 
 
 Blencoe, Frank E Private 
 
 Brown, Leon C Private 
 
 Buchan, John Private 
 
 Buck, Fred Private 
 
 Burrell, George Private 
 
 Casey, Thomas Private 
 
 Caroll. James Private 
 
 Cheeney, Zina R Private 
 
 Conquest, Frank E Private 
 
 Crawford, Ernest R Private 
 
 Crown, John H Private 
 
 Cutler, Willis Private 
 
 Diedrick, Peter G Private 
 
 Decker. Alfred R Private 
 
 Elias, John Private 
 
 Eaton, Charles A Private 
 
 Eaton, Frank Private 
 
 Frankfurt, Herman Private 
 
 Fowler. Edwin Private 
 
 Frederickson, George Private 
 
 Flemming, Robert Private 
 
 Flemming, Louis Private 
 
 Frank, John Private 
 
 Gould, John H Private 
 
 Greer, Virgil Private 
 
 Graham, Frank L Private 
 
 Gimm, Otto Private 
 
 Garmes, William L Private 
 
 Groebe, Charles A Private 
 
 Grant. Clarence E Private 
 
 Heiges, Roy Private 
 
 Hanson, Eric Private 
 
 Hicks, Vernon Private 
 
 Headley, Aubrey Private 
 
 Hou,ght;ilin,g. Archie G Private 
 
 Heciit. Fred G Private 
 
 Jones, Milton Private 
 
 Johnson, Axel E Private 
 
 Johnson, Robert Private 
 
 Jurries, Fred C Private 
 
 Joswiak, Jacob P Private 
 
 Kruse, Orrin A Private 
 
 Remarks 
 Resides in Portland, Oregon. 
 Co. Treas. Martin county. 
 In business at La Grange, 111. 
 In postal service at Fairmont. 
 Died since discharge. 
 
 Died since discharge. 
 Died since discharge. 
 Died in service during World War. 
 
 Grain buyer, Cleveland, N. D. 
 
 In business at Fairmont. 
 
 In business at Truman, Minn. 
 
 Traveling salesman, Fairmont. 
 In business at Fairmont. 
 Resides at Fairmont. 
 
 U. S. civil engineer. 
 Estherville, Iowa. 
 Resides in Canada. 
 
 Lives at East Chain. Minn. 
 
 Lives in California. 
 Died in service. 
 Lives in northern Minn. 
 Resides at Mankato, Minn. 
 
 Deserted .\ug. 9, 1S98. 
 
 Detailed to band. 
 
 Resides at Welcome, Minn. 
 
 Farmer near Fairmont. 
 Resides in California. 
 
 Lt. Col. U. S. regular army. 
 Company clerk. 
 Resides in Fairmont. 
 Resides in Fairmont. 
 
 Resides in Seattle, Wash. 
 Resides in Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Deceased. 
 
 In business, Fairmont. 
 Farmer, South Dakota. 
 U. S. postal service, St. Paul. 
 In business. Truman, Minn. 
 Missionarv in India. 
 
 391 
 
Name Rank Remarks 
 
 Kramer, Fred W Private Detailed to band. Fairmont. 
 
 Krahnke, Otto Private Resides in California. 
 
 Meyer, Henry Private Resides at Jackson, Minn. 
 
 Milbert, George N Private 
 
 Murray, Edward Private 
 
 Merrill, Chas. O Private Resides at Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 McAnliff, Joseph P Private .Absent sick at muster out. 
 
 Murrell, Leslie V Private 
 
 Neacher, John Private Died since discharge. 
 
 Nelson, Arthur M Private Resides in Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Oxreider, George J Private Died since discharge. 
 
 Oothoudt, Joseph Private 
 
 Peters, William J Private 
 
 Pickett, Ellsworth Private 
 
 Peterson, Adolf Private 
 
 Petersen, Maurinus Private U. S. police. Canal Zone. 
 
 Petersen, Chris Private 
 
 Personius, Wesley G Private 
 
 Pulver, Harry B Private 
 
 Robinson, George E Private 
 
 Santee, John H Private Resides at Excelsior. Minn. 
 
 Smith, Elliot Private Prof, of astronomy, U. of Cincinnati. 
 
 Shaver, Eddie Private Died since discharge. 
 
 Sunderson. Adolph Private In business, Fairmont. 
 
 Svendsen, Edward K Private 
 
 Swearingen, Arthur Private 
 
 St. John, Roscoe, E Private Resides at Racine, Wis. 
 
 Speier, Joseph Private Resides at St. Cloud, Minn. 
 
 Schumacher, John J Private 
 
 Schoeppach, Will G. C Private Resides at Colgate, N. D. 
 
 Stiles, Irwin Private 
 
 Theobald, Frank Private Discharged Sept. 2, 1898. Resides at Ceylon. 
 
 True, Gerald Private Died since discharge. 
 
 VanAmber. Roy E Private Resides at Truman. Minn. 
 
 Wilkin, Emil Private Resides at Monticello, Minn. 
 
 Wilcoxen, Edgar Private 
 
 Wright, Bert A Private Died since discharge. 
 
 Welch, Dean Private 
 
 Young, Arthur Private Resides at Winnipeg. Canada. 
 
 Zimmerman, Frank Private 
 
 One Martin county man served in this war outside of Co. D. Roy .\. Everett was regimental ad- 
 jutant of the 13th Minn. He now resides at Gadsby, Alberta. 
 
 Following their discharge three men, F. W. Kramer, Maurinis Peterson, and Fred C. Jurries, en- 
 listed and served in the Philippine Islands, seeing active service during the Aguinaldo insurrection. 
 
 MARTIN COUNTY ON THE MEXICAN 
 BORDER. 
 
 In the critical days of llllG when as a result of 
 Villa's raid on Columbus, New Mexico, and other 
 outrages on the international border it seemed that 
 armed intervention in Mexico could not be longer 
 avoided, Martin county was called upon to furnish a 
 company of national guard infantry for federal serv- 
 ice. 
 
 The company, stationed at Fairmont, was deplet- 
 ed in numbers, but with the call to duty rapidly 
 filled its ranks with splendid soldier material from 
 all parts of the county. 
 
 The company was called on June 26, 1916, and 
 entrained on that date for Ft. Snelling,. Minn. 
 where a complete brigade of Minnesota national 
 guard infantry was mobilized for federal service. 
 A Martin county guardsman, Arthur M. Nelson, was 
 appointed adjutant to the brigade commander. Gen. 
 Arthur W. Wright of Austin, immediately on reach- 
 ing camp. Gen. Wright was later disqualified for 
 command and was succeeded by Gen. F. E. Resche 
 of Duluth before departure for the south. 
 
 Co. E spent a brief but intensive period at Ft. 
 Snelling, a post rich in historic interest and military 
 traditions. It was at this post that most of Minne- 
 sota's soldiers of the Civil War period had mobilized 
 and left for the front by river boat. .A canvas camp 
 was established, the post having insufficient bar- 
 
 racks at that time for so large a command. It had 
 in fact been in disuse as a military post for a num- 
 lier of vears and the barracks, officers' quarters and 
 other buildings unoccupied except for a small de- 
 tachment of the Quartermaster Corps. With the 
 arrival of the 3.000 national guardsmen it took on 
 new life and was a busy center of military activity 
 in 1916 and the succeeding years of the World War. 
 
 On June 30th Co. E was formally mustered into 
 federal service and subject to duty under the laws 
 then existing anywhere within or without the United- 
 States that the government saw fit. Equipment and 
 supplies were rushed to Snelling and outfitting of the 
 troops was speedily accomplished, with plenty of 
 drillin.g interspersed to keep officers and men fully 
 occupied through the long summer days. Practical- 
 ly all of the troops were given a course of instruc- 
 tion and practice on the rifle range before depart- 
 ure. On July 15th the first units left Snelling for 
 the South and by the 19th all had left. 
 
 The location on the border assigned Co. E and 
 the rest of the Minnesota brigade, which included 
 Ijesides the three infantry regiments, a regiment of 
 field artillery, was llano Grande, Texas, a mere 
 name on the map. there being no town or settle- 
 ment at that place, although it was a railroad sta- 
 tion. Llano Grande is only a half day's march from 
 the Rio Grande River and located about 35 miles 
 up that stream from, Brownsville, Texas. It is in 
 
 292 
 
the most southerly part of the main land of the 
 United States and its climate semi-tropical. 
 
 The arriving troops found Llano Grande chiefly a 
 densely wooded area, the heavy growth of mesquite 
 and underbrush forming an almost impenetrable 
 jungle. This had to be cleared away in order to 
 afford a camp site and drill fields. The work was 
 done by the troops assisted by hundreds of civilian 
 laborers, most of whom were of full Mexican blood 
 though native born American citizens. Within a 
 few weeks the camp site took on an entirely differ- 
 ent appearance with plenty of level open spaces for 
 drills and maneuvers. 
 
 This particular section had been the scene of nu- 
 merous affrays and disorders with many people, both 
 Me.xican and American, killed. With the arrival of 
 troops in large numbers these incidents stopped 
 and the soldiers formed the opinion that in many 
 of the occurrences of the past blame could be placed 
 at last equally upon the inhabitants of the two 
 countries. The relations of the Mexicans with the 
 troops were uniformly amicable and in that par- 
 ticular sector there were no clashes with any armed 
 bodies of marauders from across the boundary, nor 
 was there a single proven act of violence or hostil- 
 ity against any soldier of the Minnesota brigade. 
 
 With the passage of time and the return of Persh- 
 ing's punitive expedition from Mexico, which was 
 several hundred miles to the northwest, the convic- 
 tion settled upon the army and the country that 
 there would be no intervention in Mexico. It was 
 the judgment of many that, anticipating as inevita- 
 ble the participation of the United States in the 
 European struggle, a primary object in the mobili- 
 zation of the guard on the border was to train the 
 troops for their part in later eventualities. Certain 
 it is that in this respect the mobilization was worth 
 all it cost the country and provided many thou- 
 sands of the best officers and men in the vanguard 
 of the forces sent to France in 1917 and 1918. 
 
 Greater attention was given to field maneuvers 
 than in any previous mobilization of American 
 troops, of which this was by far the largest the 
 country had seen since the Civil War. In Novem- 
 ber, 11117, there was staged in the vicinity of Brown- 
 ville the greatest combat exercises ever seen in the 
 United States as a training experience. The Minne- 
 sota brigade participated as a unit under its own 
 officers. The marches and maneuvers occupied two 
 weeks and involved road marches of more than 100 
 miles. The conduct, endurance and morale of the 
 men was admirable and proved them fit for any 
 service that might be demanded of them. 
 
 Although transferred in the dead of summer from 
 a northern to an extreme southern latitude the 
 health of the troops was remarkable. In the Minne- 
 sota brigade there was no death from preventable 
 sickness. In fact in more than si.x months of serv- 
 ice there were but five deaths in the brigade, three 
 from appendicitis, one accidental and one suicide. 
 
 Demobilization begun in December, 1917. The 
 brigade was transported again to Ft. Snelling, Minn, 
 where it was returned to its status of state troops. 
 Co. E was formally mustered out service on Jan. 
 24, 1917. 
 
 In July of the same year the company was again 
 in federal service for the World War. The experi- 
 ences and training in border service showed splen- 
 did results as nearly all of the men remained with 
 the colors. The company furnished two captains, 
 twelve lieutenants and numerous non-commissioned 
 officers in the new army organized in 1917-18. 
 
 Roster Co. E 2nd Inf. M. N. G. 
 
 Capt. Henry W. Luedtke 
 1st Lieut. James H. Clark 
 2nd Lieut. William R. Boyce 
 
 1st Sergeant Frederick L. Hoover 
 Mess Sergeant John Scharpf 
 Supply Sergeant Lyn Houghtaling 
 
 Sergeants 
 
 Orren C. Thompson 
 Harold H. Tanner** 
 William C. Mever** 
 Earl E. Phifer 
 Walter S. Carver 
 Ralph K. Parker 
 
 William A. Ellis 
 Carl A. Sauck 
 Claude H. Blencoe 
 Frank E. Potter 
 Emil G. Thiemann 
 Frank Kessler 
 
 Alfred C. Talzman 
 \\'illiam Cramlett 
 
 Corporals 
 
 Cooks 
 
 Buglers 
 
 Harland H. Fowler** 
 Kenneth E. Personius 
 Albert E. Fillmore 
 
 Mechanic 
 Esgar W. A. Serle 
 
 Privates 
 Abernath}', Charles O. 
 Allen, Harry 
 Blanck, Alfred C. 
 Brown, Guy H. 
 Brown, Robert A.* 
 Burns, Arlo E. 
 Bush, George E. 
 Craig, Claude A. 
 Crawford, Glen I. 
 Coombs, William J. B. 
 Culshaw, Robert 
 Fairbanks. Louis 
 Gaertner, Sidney J.* 
 Haroldson, Ivar A. 
 Heiges, David M. 
 Hurt, Barney R. 
 Jeflfries, Roy D.* 
 Kent, Clarence E. 
 Kruse, Lloyd R. 
 Kubera, Tony I. 
 Lattimer, George A. 
 Lockard, Loyd C. 
 Lofstedt, Einar S. 
 Martin, Edwin 
 McCuUoch, James E. 
 McDermott, George H. 
 McMullin, John F. 
 Meyer, Fred W.** 
 Meyer, Harry C. 
 Miller, Ray F. 
 Morgan, Alfred L. 
 Nielsen, Holger 
 Nowak, John 
 Patterson, Clarence L. 
 Personius. Lester C. 
 Polsten, William H. 
 Pondorf, Frank 
 Records, Spencer R. 
 Sawyer, Robert I.* 
 Schultz, Emil 
 Slater, Earl E. 
 Soma, Andrew 
 Thomsen, Ed. 
 
 * Discharged for physical disability. 
 ** Transferred. 
 
 293 
 
THE VICTORY MEDAL. 
 
 Each of the soldiers, sailors, marines and nurses 
 of the county, is entitled to wear the victory medal, 
 issued by the governinent in recognition of service 
 between April 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918. There are 
 distinguishing features between the medals of those 
 who served overseas and within the United States. 
 
 There are worn with the victory medal battle 
 clasps which are awarded for participation in any 
 of the thirteen major operations which have been 
 recognized by the war department as battles prop- 
 er. There is also a defensive sector clasp, for troops 
 that were at the front but not engaged in any of the 
 thirteen designated operations. There are also five 
 overseas service clasps for troops not entitled to 
 battle clasps. 
 
 The following is a list of the battle and service 
 clasps and the number of troops entitled to wear 
 the same. These are arranged in order of date of 
 engagement and service. 
 
 Cambrai. between May 13 and Dec. 4, 1917—3.500. 
 
 Somme Defensive, lietween March 21 and April li. 
 1918 — 2,000. 
 
 Lys. between .\pril 9 and April 27, 1918—500. 
 
 Aisne, on the Cheniin des Dames and northeast 
 of Rheims. between May 27 and June 5, 1918 — 36,150. 
 
 Montdidier-Noyon, between June 9 and 13, 1918 
 — 37,000. 
 
 Champagne-Marne, between July 15 and 18, 1918 
 —85,000. 
 
 Aisne-Marne, lietween July IS and Aug. 6, 1918 
 — 277,880. 
 
 Somme Offensive, between Aug. 8 and Nov. 11, 
 1918—54,000. 
 
 Oise-Aisne, between Aug. IS and Nov. 11, 1915 
 — 85,000. 
 
 Ypres-Lys, between Aug. 19 and Nov. 11, 1918— 
 108,000. 
 
 St. Mihiel, between Sept. 12 and 16, 1918—557,750. 
 
 Meuse--\rgonne, between Sept. 26 and Nov. 11. 
 1918-1,208,350. 
 
 Vittorio-Veneto (Italy), between Oct. 34 and Nov. 
 4, 1918—1,300. 
 
 Defensive Sector (for service in defensive sectors 
 as distinguished from major operation in European 
 and Siberian service) — 1,005,500. 
 
 *France. between .^pril 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918 
 —621,300. 
 
 *Italy, between April 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918 — 
 4.800. 
 
 *Siberia, for any service — 9,000. 
 
 *Russia, for any service in European Russia — 
 9,000. 
 
 England (where service was in England only), 
 between .\pril 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918—30,100. 
 
 * For service not entitling them to battle clasp 
 or defensive sector clasp. 
 
 The names of battles in the foregoing list are 
 those ofticially recognized by the war department. 
 Many of the operations are frequently called by 
 other, but unofficial names. 
 
 GERMANY'S STUPID AERIAL PROPAGANDA. 
 
 In common with their comrades generally Martin 
 county soldiers treated with humorous contempt the 
 efforts of the German general staff to undermine 
 their morale, especially through the means of print- 
 ed propaganda. In the latter months of the war 
 Boche air planes dropped over the .\merican lines 
 great numbers of the Aerial Messenger, carefully 
 printed in English. That Germany should imagine 
 that American soldiers could be swerved from their 
 purpose by such crude methods is typical of the 
 bungling s'tupidity of German tactics. 
 
 Several of these innocuous but interesting pieces 
 of literature were preserved and brought home by 
 Martin county men. The following is a typical 
 sample: 
 
 The Better Part of Valor. 
 
 Are you a brave man or a coward? 
 
 It takes a brave man to stand uo for his principles. 
 Cowards stand behind leaders and die. imagining 
 that by so doing they become heroes. 
 
 The motive of an act is its measure. If you think 
 the war is hell and that you as a citizen of the 
 United States of America have no business to be 
 fighting in France for England you are a coward 
 to stay with it. If you had the courage to face 
 criticism you would get out and over the top in no 
 time to a place where there is some likelihood that 
 you may see home again. 
 
 What business is this war in Europe to you any- 
 how? You don't want to annex anything, do you? 
 You don't want to give up j'our life for the abstract 
 thing humanity. 
 
 If you believe in humanity and that life is pre- 
 cious, save your omn life and dedicate it to the ser- 
 vice of your own country and the woman who de- 
 serves it of you. 
 
 Lots of you fellows are staying with it because 
 you are too cowardly to protest, to assert your own 
 wills. Your wills are the best judges of what is best 
 for you to do. Don't ask any one's opinion as to 
 what you yould better do! You know best what 
 is the right thing to do. Do it and save your life! 
 Germany never did any harm to you, all the news- 
 paper tales of wrongs were printed to inflame you 
 to the fighting pitch, they were lies, you know you 
 can't believe what you read in the papers. 
 
 If you stay with the outfit, ten chances to one all 
 you will get out of it will be a tombstone in France. 
 
 THE AMERICAN LEGION. 
 
 The work of welding into an organization of pa- 
 triotic purposes and mutual helpfulness the men and 
 women who served in the \Vorld War was taken up 
 early in 1919 throughout Martin county. Posts of 
 the American Legion were in process of organiza- 
 tion while one half of the service men of the county 
 were still with the colors. 
 
 The first national caucus of returned service men 
 looking to the organization of a great national body 
 that would include in its membership all .Americans 
 who entered military or naval service during the 
 period of hostilities was held at St. Louis, Mo., May 
 8, 9 and 10, 1919. Delegates were selected on the 
 basis of congressional districts and states. Arthur M. 
 Nelson of Fairmont was one of the 38 delegates 
 from Minnesota and chosen a member of the first 
 National Executive Committee. 
 
 Immediately after the return of the Fairmont del- 
 egate from the national caucus the organization of 
 a post at Fairmont was begun. On May 15th the 
 first meeting was held at the Fairmont commercial 
 club rooms with 27 veterans present. Lyn Hough- 
 taling was chosen chairman, Leo J. Seifert secre- 
 tary and R. C. Lowe treasurer. A charter list was 
 signed up and committees appointed. The name of 
 Lee C. Prentice Post, American Legion, was decided 
 upon. 
 
 This was the first post organized in the county 
 though its charter was not granted until August 
 1st following. Members flocked to the new vet- 
 erans' organization at all points where posts were 
 being organized. Within a short time there were 
 posts at Fairmont. Sherburn, Truman, Welcome, 
 Ceylon, Dunnell and Triumph-Monterey. Granada 
 organized in March, 1920. With this post the or- 
 ganization of the county as an .\merican Legion 
 
 291 
 
unit was completed, there being a post at every 
 village wliere maintenance is practicable. The com- 
 plete list of posts in the county is as follows: 
 
 Town Post Name 
 
 Fairmont Lee C. Prentice Post 
 
 Slierburn Thomas Saxton Post 
 
 Welcome Carey-Klusendorf Post 
 
 Truman Oles-Reader Post 
 
 Bunnell Oselius-Andersqn Post 
 
 Ceylon Ernest Kassen Post 
 
 Triumph-Monterey Henry W. Foster Post 
 
 Granada Bert D. Rodewald Post 
 
 In every instance tlie Posts are named in honor 
 of men from the immediate locality who gave their 
 lives in the service. 
 
 The principles of the American Legion, though 
 already familiar to all, are properly reproduced here. 
 The preamble to the constitution of every American 
 Legion Post is as follows: 
 
 "For God and Country we associate ourselves to- 
 gether for the following purposes: To uphold and 
 defend the Constitution of the United States of 
 America; to maintain law and order; to foster and 
 perpetuate a one hundred per cent. Americanism; 
 to preserve the memories and incidents of our as- 
 sociation in the Great War; to inculcate a sense of 
 individual obligations to the community, state and 
 nation; to make right the master of might; to pro- 
 mote peace and good will on earth; to safeguard 
 and transmit to posterity the principles of justice, 
 freedom and democracy; to consecrate and sanctify 
 our comradeship bj' our devotion to mutual help- 
 fulness." 
 
 As the one great society of World War soldiers, 
 sailors, marines and nurses, recognizing no distinc- 
 tions between former officers and former enlisted, 
 foreign or domestic service, branch of service, male 
 or female, democratic and thoroughly American in 
 all its principles and precepts, the American Legion 
 is destined to be a tremendous influence in American 
 life so lon.g as it shall exist. 
 
 WORLD WAR AND CIVIL WAR FORCES 
 COMPARED. 
 
 During the World War approximately 4,800,000 
 men served in the army, navy, marine and other 
 forces of the United States. This was almost ex- 
 actly 5 in each 100 of population. In the Civil War 
 2.400,000 served in the Union forces, which was 
 in the proportion of 10 to each 100 of population. It 
 will thus appear that in the Northern states the 
 percentage of men serving in the army was double 
 what it was for the country as a whole in the World 
 War. 
 
 Compared witli the efforts of England it is shown 
 statistically that while it took that country three 
 years to reach a strength of 2,000,000 men in France 
 the United States accomplished it in one-half of 
 that time. One and a half million L'nited States 
 soldiers were sent to France in a si.x month period. 
 
 Of the total forces in our army 10 per cent, came 
 from the national guard, 13 per cent, from the reg- 
 ular army and the remaining 77 per cent, throu.gh 
 the selective service act or draft. 
 
 WAR STATISTICS. 
 
 Figures and facts given in the following pages are 
 taken from the latest and most authentic sources, 
 usually the publications of the United States gov- 
 ernment, and are as complete and accurate as they 
 can be made. 
 
 Battle Deaths, Casualties and Prisoners 
 
 Taken by the Various Divisions 
 
 Serving Overseas. 
 
 Division 
 
 I 
 
 Deaths 
 
 Casualties 
 
 Prisoners 
 
 ;.>nd 
 
 
 4478 
 
 :;22:.;o 
 
 12026 
 
 1st 
 
 
 4411 
 
 21612 
 
 6469 
 
 3rd 
 
 
 3177 
 
 16117 
 
 2240 
 
 28th 
 
 
 2551 
 
 13980 
 
 921 
 
 43nd 
 
 
 2644 
 
 13919 
 
 1317 
 
 26th 
 
 
 2135 
 
 13460 
 
 3148 
 
 32nd 
 
 
 2915 
 
 13392 
 
 2153 
 
 4 th 
 
 
 2611 
 
 12504 
 
 2756 
 
 77th 
 
 
 1992 
 
 10498 
 
 750 
 
 27th 
 
 
 1785 
 
 8986 
 
 2357 
 
 30th 
 
 
 1629 
 
 8954 
 
 3848 
 
 5th 
 
 
 1976 
 
 8840 
 
 2356 
 
 82nd 
 
 
 1298 
 
 7546 
 
 845 
 
 89th 
 
 
 1433 
 
 7291 
 
 5061 
 
 35th 
 
 
 1067 
 
 7283 
 
 781 
 
 90th 
 
 
 1392 
 
 7277 
 
 1876 
 
 33rd 
 
 
 989 
 
 7255 
 
 3987 
 
 78th 
 
 
 1384 
 
 7245 
 
 432 
 
 79th 
 
 
 1419 
 
 6750 
 
 1077 
 
 80th 
 
 
 1132 
 
 6132 
 
 1813 
 
 91st 
 
 
 1414 
 
 5778 
 
 2412 
 
 37th 
 
 
 977 
 
 .5243 
 
 1495 
 
 29th 
 
 
 931 
 
 5219 
 
 2187 
 
 36th 
 
 
 600 
 
 2528 
 
 549 
 
 7th 
 
 
 298 
 
 1693 
 
 69 
 
 92nd 
 
 
 176 
 
 1642 
 
 38 
 
 81st 
 
 
 251 
 
 1224 
 
 101 
 
 6th 
 
 
 93 
 
 546 
 
 13 
 
 88th 
 
 
 29 
 
 118 
 
 3 
 
 93rd 
 
 (Incom 
 
 
 
 
 plet 
 
 e) 
 
 584 
 
 2582 
 
 
 Troops 
 
 not in 
 
 
 
 
 Divisions 
 
 1019 
 
 3498 
 
 
 Replacement an 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 Depot Divs 
 
 . 1472 
 
 1556 
 
 
 50323 
 
 255970 
 
 63079 
 
 Figures in "Deaths" column are battle deaths with 
 exception of Replacement and Depot Divisions. 
 
 The foregoing list accounts for all combat divi- 
 sions. Other divisions that served in France were 
 not used as coinbat troops or broken up to refill 
 other divisions. Divisions from 1 to 8 were regular 
 army divisions; 26 to 42 national guard divisions; 
 all others national army divisions. 
 
 The following went to France as divisional units 
 but were not in active battle service as divisions: 
 :i9th, 40th, 34th, 84th, 86th, 87th, 8th, 31st, 38th. 
 Most of the men from these divisions saw active 
 service after transfer to other units. 
 
 BATTLE DEATHS OF ALL COUNTRIES. 
 
 The accredited historical work "War With Ger- 
 many," compiled by Col. Leonard P. Ayers, Chief 
 of the Statistical Branch of the General Staff, and 
 based upon the most authentic information in pos- 
 session of the Llnited States Government, gives the 
 total battle deaths of the war in round numbers at 
 7,485,000. This includes those killed in battle and 
 (tied of wounds. These are distributed among the 
 various warring countries as follows: 
 
 Russia 1,700,000 
 
 Germany 1,600,000 
 
 France 1,385,000 
 
 England and colonies 900,000 
 
 Austria 800,000 
 
 Italy 364,000 
 
 Turkey 250,000 
 
 Serbia and Montenegro 125,000 
 
 Belgium 102,000 
 
 395 
 
Roumania 100,000 
 
 Bulgaria 100,000 
 
 United States 50,323 
 
 Greece 7,000 
 
 Portugal 3,000 
 
 PERCENTAGE OF DRAFT MEN PHYSICALLY 
 QUALIFIED. 
 
 Reports of the Provost Marshal General's office 
 showed that there was considerable divergence in 
 the number of men of draft age found physically fit 
 for service in different parts of the country. Men 
 from the central states showed the smallest per- 
 centage of military ineffectives, while in the New 
 England and Pacific coast states the percentage was 
 the highest. 
 
 In the following states 7.5 or more men out of 
 every 100 examined were found pliysically fit for 
 military service: Minnesota. North Dakota, South 
 Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Ar- 
 kansas. Texas, New Me.xico, Wyoming and Ken- 
 tucky. Sixty-seven out of each 100 examined were 
 found qualified in Montana, Wisconsin, Illinois, Mis- 
 souri, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland. 
 North Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana 
 and Florida. Sixty-two in each hundred were 
 passed in Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Virginia. Tennessee, South Carolina, and 
 Georgia. In the remaining states the percentage was 
 an average of .54 qualified men in every 100. 
 
 THE DEAD RECRUIT. 
 
 He did not die where booming cannon's roar 
 
 Meets bursting shell or hand grenade, 
 
 His not the chance with his own corps. 
 
 In this great struggle, thus to give 
 
 His strength and splendid youtli to Freedom's blade; 
 
 In training camp his lot to die, 
 
 A soldier in the making, not yet made. 
 
 No victor's wreath will ever crown his head. 
 
 At his return no cymbals ring; 
 
 Or triumph's sonnet e'er for him be read. 
 
 Yet when he died, lost was a man 
 
 Who might have worn with grace the laurel wreath. 
 
 His death untimely was and mourned 
 
 Will be. by patriots, for a life so brief. 
 
 But this liis fitting epitaph shall be: 
 
 Of all the men who marched away, 
 
 Or fought, or died on foreign soil, to free 
 
 The nations from a tyrant's thrall, 
 
 We, too, can say of him, "He gave his best 
 
 For Freedom's holy cause," and first 
 
 To give, as freely, nobly as the rest. 
 
 (The foregoing verses were written to the mem- 
 ory of Seward Fred Feller, one of the Martin coun- 
 ty soldiers whose fate it was to die in the training 
 camps of the United States.) 
 
 HEADQUARTERS 30TH DIVISION 
 
 Gen. Orders No. 5 
 
 John P. Schroedel 12159955. Co. B. 119 
 Infantry. 
 
 In the attack on the Hindenburg line near 
 Bellicourt 29th of September, 1918, where his 
 company was somewhat disorganized, due to 
 the smoke and fog and scattered in shell 
 holes. To collect the various units it was 
 necessary to find a trench large enough to 
 contain them. He having located same, he 
 then volunteered to take all men he could 
 find to this trench. In so doing it was nec- 
 essary for him to pass many times through 
 heavy machine gun fire and artillery bom- 
 bardment. While the men were in this 
 trench several machine guns were firing upon 
 them and Private Schroedel alone went out 
 and took two machine gun positions, silenc- 
 ing them and returning with five prisoners. 
 His conduct was conspicuous for its gallantry 
 and utter disregard of personal danger. 
 
 By Command of Major Gen. Lewis. 
 
 Private Scliroedel's exploit is further narrated in 
 an article which was publislied at the time of tlie 
 award in the Sherburn Advance Standard, as follows: 
 
 "The conduct which merited this recognition is 
 one of the finest pieces of heroism that has come to 
 our attention for some time. 'Conspicuous for its 
 gallantry' hardly does justice to such conduct. John 
 performed a deed on tlie battle field of such valor 
 as to command the higliest praise from every true 
 patriot. The citation as reproduced above tells the 
 whoTe story. It's a big story in a few words. 
 
 "On this occasion John was not satisfied with hav- 
 ing already that day gone over with his own men 
 but went out to find an officer to take command of a 
 squad of eighty to make another attack. He didn't 
 find anyone, but just then the Australians came along 
 and with them he again went over the top in order 
 to get into the scrimmage. He was with the British 
 for two days before rejoining his own company. 
 
 "Oct. 18 the company was compelled to retreat 
 under heavy shell fire. All but twenty-five of the 
 men were either killed or disabled on this occasion. 
 It was while volunteering to go out and get a 
 wounded lieutenapt in the front of the lines that he 
 was wounded. A German sniper caught him with a 
 rifle bullet, the missile going clean through his right 
 lung, breaking three ribs. 
 
 "Despite his wound, he had the nerve to crawl 
 back to the trench and from there walked to the first 
 aid station, a distance of a mile. He was just about 
 all in when he got there, he says. From there he was 
 taken to the base hospital at Rouen, thence to a hos- 
 pital at Paignton, England, where he remained un- 
 til hel left for the States on Dec. 18. For a time he 
 was in base hospital No. 3, New York, being sent 
 from there to the hospital at Ft. Snelling, where 
 he received his honorable discharge." 
 
 WINNING THE D. S. M. 
 
 Few indeed are the soldiers to whom comes the 
 Distinguished Service Medal, decoration given only 
 for instances of the most conspicuous gallantry. Op- 
 portunity for acts that bring this rare decoration 
 come but rarely and in many instances the one who 
 wins it loses his life in doing so as the surroundings 
 are always those of the greatest danger. 
 
 But one Martin county soldier wears the Distin- 
 guished Service Medal. He is John P. Schroedel, of 
 Fox Lake township, who served as a private. The 
 citation awarding it is as follows: 
 
 COMRADE TELLS OF SAXTON'S DEATH. 
 
 (By Clarence E. Dickson, Glidden, Iowa.) 
 
 Details of battle deaths among Martin County's 
 soldiers are generally lacking but a comrade who was 
 with him when killed tells how Private Tom Saxton 
 of Sherburn met his death the third day of the 
 Meuse-Argonne offensive. 
 
 "Tom Saxton was killed by shell fire Sept. 29. 
 1918. It was a Sunday morning, just about six 
 o'clock. We had just started to go over the top, 
 the orders being to leave our position at five-thirty. 
 It was just getting light in the east. 
 
 296 
 
"Tom was acting corporal of our squad. We had 
 been in pretty tight places for a couple of days and 
 a lot of the boys had been killed. This left us short 
 of non-commissioned officers. Our corporal was 
 one of those put out of action so Tom was put in 
 charge over us. 
 
 "Tom said to me: 'If anything happens to me 
 get what stufT I have that is any good and keep it.' 
 I said 'No, that this is the way to do: if you get hurt 
 or killed T will send your things home to your folks 
 and if it is me that gets bumped off you do the same 
 thing with mine.' 
 
 "I was just a little way from him when he was 
 killed, r ran over to him but he was dead wlien I 
 got there I took everything that was of any value 
 from his body and when we reached our objective 
 I gave them to an officer in charge of our company 
 and took his receipt. I told him to send tlie things to 
 Tom's mother. 
 
 "Tom was a good soldier and he and I were close 
 friends ever since I first met him which was en route 
 from Camp Dodge. Iowa, to Camp Sevier, S, C, 
 where we were together for about six weeks before 
 being sent to Camp Merritt for embarkation. We 
 sailed from Halifax, Nova Scotia, and were on the 
 water 18 days. 
 
 "After five weeks' training in France we were 
 attached to the British Army and went to Belgium, 
 being the first American troops in that country. We 
 went to the trenches at Ypres, Belgium, on July 
 15th. After that we were continually in action and 
 under shell fire for 32 continuous days. We went 
 over the top in Belgium three times and Tom did 
 not get a scratch but I was cut on the hand by 
 barbed wire entanglements. We went over twice 
 in another sector on the west front and were sent 
 from there to the Somme where we again went over 
 twice. From this sector we went to the Argonnes 
 and were assaulting the Hindenburg line when Tom 
 was killed. I helped carry him to the company Iiead- 
 quarter.s but I do not know where he is buried. Tom 
 was a good soldier all the way through." 
 
 Glidden was wounded a few days after Saxton was 
 killed and tlie ofticer to whom he turned over Sax- 
 ton's personal effects was killed. The comrades who 
 acted as a burial squad for Saxton were also all killed 
 later in the Meuse-.Argonne offensive. 
 
 WITH THE 37TH DIVISION. 
 
 (By Pvt. 1st CI. William Russel Stum) 
 
 "I was called to service from Fainnont, Minn.. 
 April 29, 1918, and went to Camp Lee, Virginia, 
 where we were under training until June 11, 1918, 
 when the division was called for overseas service. 
 We sailed on June 13 on the S. S. "Leviathan," for- 
 merly the German ship "Vaterland," from Hoboken, 
 N. J., and landed at Brest, France, June 22, debarking 
 the following day. 
 
 "After a rest of three days we again entrained and 
 for three days rattled in box cars (40 Hommes, 8 
 Chevaux) across beautiful fertile France, and de- 
 trained June 29 in the Bourmont area. Here the 
 infantrj' continued intensive training until the end 
 of Jul}' when we were ordered to the Baccarat sec- 
 tor in the Vosges mountains. On August 4th we 
 took over the trenches in that sector, the extending 
 fifteen kilometers from the forest Dex Eliux, north 
 of the village of Badonvilliers, through the Bois 
 Communal, De la Woevre, Bois des Haies, and the 
 villages of Alerviller and Ancerviller, along the edge 
 of the Bois Banal to the southern edge of the Bois 
 des Prentress. 
 
 "During the six weeks' period that we held that 
 sector eacli night, when the weather permitted there 
 would be enemy air raids which were very heavy. 
 From our side the score was more than evened by 
 successfully carrying out a large gas projector at- 
 tack and by bombing his dumps at Circy and Bla- 
 
 mont and every night we tackled the enemy in No 
 Man's Land, We would penetrate the enemy lines 
 for more than a kilometer, taking prisoners and ob- 
 taining information without much loss to ourselves. 
 "Sept. 16 movement was made by rail to the area 
 around the little town of Robert Espagne, after a 
 rest of four days another move, this time by bus, 
 landing us at Recicourt. In fact we were on the 
 great battlefield of Verdun, where thousands of 
 brave soldiers had fallen earlier in the war, and 
 which was soon to be again famous as the chosen 
 field for the great .\merican drive along the Meuse 
 river. We were indeed honored by being one of the 
 divisions of the American Fifth Corps, selected to 
 start the Meuse-.\rgonne offensive, which pushed 
 on along the left bank of the Meuse to the battle 
 famed city of Sedan. The 37th was one of the divi- 
 sions that gave the initial impetus to the great of- 
 fensive that contributed so greatly toward the final 
 victory. 
 
 "During the cold and rainy night of Sept. 24 and 
 25 the division relieved the 79th along a front of 
 slightly over three kilometers. The ruins of the 
 city of Avocourt were in the center of this front 
 and just within our lines. 
 
 "At 11 o'clock on the night of Sept. 25th the artil- 
 lery preparation commenced. Each hour added to 
 its intensity until guns of all calibres were contribut- 
 ing their part to the mightiest artillery action of the 
 war. This preparation reached its jnaximum at 5:30 
 A. ^I. of Sept. 20 when it rolled on over the enemy 
 trenches and strong points in a barrage which en- 
 abled infantrymen, following closely and quickly, to 
 overcome all resistance left by the enemy. 
 
 "The sun rose bright and clear Sept. 26, and for 
 that day only. During that night showers which 
 continued for the next five days added to the burden 
 and the trail soon became knee deep with mud. We 
 captured Ivory and a little later Montfaucon, which 
 had been entered by patrols the night before. 
 Forty-eight prisoners were taken by the 37th. Mont- 
 faucon was and had been for four long years a Ger- 
 man stronghold. From a tower there the Crown 
 Prince had directed the monster attack on Verdun 
 and now on the second day of the great oflfensive it 
 had fallen and with it fell the Hindenburg line. 
 
 "We were relieved October 1, after having fought 
 and advanced for four days against all weapons 
 and instruments of warfare at the coinmand of the 
 enemy. Still under fire the remanent companies 
 started for the rear, hungry, tired, sleepy and wet. 
 Many of us had seen our comrades and officers fall, 
 some severely wounded, some to pay the price su- 
 preme. The 37th captured 13 ofiicers and 1107 men, 
 among them what was called the foremost of the 
 German divisions, the 37th German division, their 
 117th Division and the 1st and 5th Guard Divisions, 
 the latter two the elite of the Prussian Guard. In- 
 cluded in the spoils taken were 12 7;7's 1 105, 10 155's, 
 aircraft guns, ammunition of all kinds, 250 machine 
 guns and other war material. 
 
 "From this position we were sent to the old St. 
 Mihiel sector where the division lines extended from 
 Bois de Jaulny de Iluilbot. along the northern edge 
 of the Bois de la Montagne and Bois de Chary to the 
 southern edge of Etabg de la Chaussee, Across 
 the way the villages of Rembercourt-sur-Mad, 
 Charcy, Domniartin, Dampnitoux and LaChaussee 
 formed tlie front of the enemy lines. The village 
 of Haumont was in no man's land. 
 
 "Eight days in this position passed with a rush and 
 on the ninth the infantry was withdrawn and retraced 
 its steps to Pagrny-sur-Meuse. Then on October 
 18 French box cars, each crowded with 40 men, slip- 
 ped away and rattled north through ari air of whis- 
 pered secrecy and surmise. Little by little as towns 
 and villages rose out of obscurity the mystery cleared 
 and after three days the trains came to a stop at St. 
 Jean and Wieltje. Belgium. 
 
 "The ruins of Ypres were within easy view and 
 stood as a monument proclaiming from each shat- 
 
 297 
 
tered wall the bravery of the British troops who had 
 so nobly fought and held there. Hesitatingly the 
 men crawled out and gazed in awe upon the desola- 
 tion that spread as far as our e3'es could see over a 
 flat waste of shell-torn fields, forests and roads. 
 Sign boards alone marked the sites where villages 
 had stood. So heavy and so frequent had been the 
 shelling that even the shattered stones and brick 
 that once formed habited houses had been beaten 
 into dust. 
 
 "Through such scenes we marched until we reached 
 Meulebeke and Denterghem on Oct. 22. The di- 
 vision was attached to the French army in Belgium 
 and placed at the disposition of the King of Belgium, 
 which we considered a high honor. During the night 
 of Oct. 29-30 we took over three kilometers of the 
 front lines extending along the Courtrai-Ghent rail- 
 road just across the Lys river with Olsene approx- 
 imately in front of the center. 
 
 "At 5:30 A. M. Oct. 31, 191S, we went over the top 
 again and once more a hard battle, the fifth in which 
 our division had been engaged, was fought. We 
 crossed the Escaut river for the second time on 
 November 9th. This time the operation was to take 
 place about 15 kilometers south of Ghent between 
 the little villages of Kleinmeersch and Heuvel. We 
 had to swim the river and cold and wet we were. 
 Rumors of Germany's acceptance of the armistice 
 terms began to abound. All activities were speeded 
 up and every plan made to keep the Boche running. 
 The entire night was spent in feverish activity in 
 obtaining a foothold across the river. The morning 
 of Nov. "llth, with armistice rumors thick in the air, 
 found the eastern bank securely held by American 
 soldiers. The armistice was signed and provided 
 that all hostilities cease at 11 o'clock that day. The 
 
 light was pushed up to the last second and so fast 
 did we push forward that at 11 o'clock when the ad- 
 vance was ordered stopped, the 37th Division was 
 liolding the line as far east as the little villages of 
 Dickele, Zwartenbroek, Keerhem and Undelgem. 
 
 "Well, the war was over, and on the afternoon of 
 .\ov. 11, the very stillness, so recently rent by the 
 shriek of artillerj' shells and the whistle of machine 
 gun bullets, was oppressing, a strange and curious 
 thing. But from some secret nook the American base 
 ball had rolled out and was being tossed about where 
 three hours before no living thing could be exposed. 
 
 "Yes, the war is over and many hundreds of my 
 comrades have I seen pay the price supreme. On 
 foot we traced our way back to France from our most 
 advanced position which was 21 miles from Brussels. 
 We were homeward bound and proud of the part 
 we had in the war and satisfied at having done it 
 well." 
 
 The medical profession of the county showed its 
 loyalty splendidly during the war. Dr. W. J. Roch- 
 ardson of Fairmont, beyond the age that would per- 
 mit his entering service, worked throughout the 
 war as a member of the Draft Board. N. Phillip 
 .-\nderson of Dunnell, O. E. Fitz and A. F. Hunte 
 of Truman, G. W. Dewey, G. H. Luedthe and R. 
 C. Lowe of Fairmont, all practicing physicians, 
 abandoned their practices, and served as medical 
 nthcers. W. W. Wooley and R. H. Zierke, Fair- 
 mont dentists, entered that branch of the service. 
 J. N. Campbell of Truman and G. W. Utter of 
 Ceylon left the practice of veterinarians to serve as 
 such in the army. W. J. Siemens, oculist, of Fair- 
 mont, also served in a military hospital. 
 
 298 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 World War Facts and F'igures 
 
 DETAILS OF MAN POWER. 
 
 The number of men serving in the armed forces ol 
 the Nation during the war was 4,800,000, of whom 
 4,000,000 served in the Army. 
 
 In the War with Germany the United States raised 
 twice as many men as did the Northern States in the 
 Civil War, but only half as many in proportion to 
 the population. 
 
 The British sent more men to France in their first 
 year of war than we did in our first year, but it took 
 England three years to reach a strength of 2,000.000 
 men in France, and the United States accomplished 
 it in one-half of that time. 
 
 Of every 100 men who served. ID were National 
 Guardsmen, 13 were Regulars, and 77 were in the 
 National Army (or would have been if the services 
 had not been consolidated). 
 
 Of the 54,000,000 males in the population, 26,000,- 
 
 000 were registered in the draft or were already in 
 service. 
 
 In the physical examination the States of the Mid- 
 dle West made the best showing. Country boys 
 did better than city boys; whites better than colored; 
 and native born better than foreign born. 
 
 In this war twice as many men were recruited as 
 in the Civil War and at one-twentieth of the re- 
 cruiting cost. 
 
 There were 200,000 .\rmy officers. Of every six 
 officers, one had previous military training with 
 troops, three were graduates of officers' training 
 camps, and two came directly from civil life. 48 per 
 cent of officers came from officers training camps 
 21 per cent were medical officers, 13 per cent were 
 commissioned direct from civil life, 8 per cent from 
 the ranks, 6 per cent from the National Guard, 3 per 
 cent from the Regular .\rmy and 1 per cent chaplains 
 
 3/LLtOf^6 orOOUAfiS SP£A/r 
 
 m 
 
 ^/ 
 
 / 
 
 JT / 
 
 f 
 
 / 
 
 
 ror/fi £XP£/vo/riiR£S f /ae.ooo^ooo.ooo 
 
 BILLIO.XS OF DOLLARS SPENT BY E.\CH NATION FOR 
 EXPENSES TO THE SPRING OF 1919. 
 
 DIRECT WAR 
 
 299 
 
CAMPS AND DIVISIONS. 
 
 Division. Camp. States from wliich drawn. 
 
 Regulars: 
 
 1st France Regulars. 
 
 2nd France Regulars. 
 
 3i.(j Greene, N. C Regulars. 
 
 4tJi Greene, N. C Regulars. 
 
 5th Logan, Tex Regulars. 
 
 gth McClellan, Ala Regulars. 
 
 7th MacArthur, Tex Regulars. 
 
 8th Fremont, Calif Regulars. 
 
 8th Sheridan, Ala Regulars. 
 
 10th .Funston, Kans Regulars. 
 
 11th Meade, Md Regulars. 
 
 12th Devens, Mass Regulars. 
 
 13th Lewis, Wash Regulars. 
 
 14th Custer, Mich Regulars. 
 
 15th Logan, Tex Regulars. 
 
 16th Kearney, Calif Regulars. 
 
 17th Beauregard, La Regulars. 
 
 18th Travis, Tex Regulars. 
 
 19th Dodge. Iowa Regulars. 
 
 20th Sevier, S. C Regulars. 
 
 National Guard: 
 
 36th Devens, Mass Xew England. 
 
 27th Wadsworth, S. C New York. 
 
 28th Hancock, Ga Pennsylvania. 
 
 29th McClellan, Ala New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Maryland. District 
 
 of Columbia. 
 30th Sevier, S. C Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, District 
 
 of Columbia. 
 
 31st Wheeler, Ga Georgia, Alabama, Florida. 
 
 32nd MacArthur, Tex Michigan, Wisconsin. 
 
 33rd Logan, Tex Illinois. 
 
 34th Cody, N. M Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota. Minnesota. 
 
 35th Doniphan, Okla Missouri, Kansas. 
 
 36th Bowie, Tex Texas, Oklahoma. 
 
 37th Sheridan, Ohio Ohio. 
 
 38th Shelby, Miss Indiana. Kentucky, West Virginia. 
 
 39th Beauregard, La Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana. 
 
 40th Kearney, Calif California, Colorado. Utah, Arizona, New Mexico. 
 
 41st Fremont, Calif Washington, Oregon, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming. 
 
 42nd Mills, N. Y Various States. 
 
 National Army: 
 
 76th Devens, Mass New England, New York. 
 
 77th Upton, N. Y New York City. 
 
 78th Dix, N. J Western New York, New Jersey, Delaware. 
 
 79th Meade, Md Northeastern Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 80th Lee, Va Virginia, West Virginia, Western Pennsylvania. 
 
 81st Jackson, S. C North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Porto Rico. 
 
 82nd Gordon, Ga Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee. 
 
 83rd Sherman, Ohio Ohio, Western Pennsylvania. 
 
 84th Zachary Taylor, Ky Kentucky, Indiana, Southern Illinois. 
 
 85th Custer, Mich Michigan, Eastern Wisconsin. 
 
 86th Grant, III Chicago, Northern Illinois. 
 
 87th Pike, Ark Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Southern Alabama. 
 
 88th Dodge, Iowa North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Western Illinois. 
 
 89th Funston, Kans Kansas, Missouri, South Dakota. Nebraska. 
 
 90th Travis, Tex Texas, Oklahoma. 
 
 91st Lewis, Wash Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, 
 
 Nebraska, Montana. Wyoming, Utah. 
 
 93nd Funston, Kans Colored, various States. 
 
 93rd Stuart. Va Colored, various States. 
 
 300 
 
I AMCRICAII I 
 
 EXPEDITIOMARY 
 
 I rORCCS I 
 
 200 290 3)0 500 iH i,il ^.^ 1 
 
 APR IMY JUn Jul AU6 StJ'T OCT tlOV OCC JAM FCB MAa APR rWV JUH JIA AUG >trt OCI MOV OtC JAM FtB fWH APO HAV 
 
 1917 
 
 1316 13W 
 
 l)ia;;i-;iiii -. — Tliuiisa ii<r<« t>»" ?»olili<'i-s in tin' A niri-it'a n \i'iii> on llir iir.it of 
 
 <':i<'li moil ', U . 
 
 PER CENT OF MEN PASSING PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS FOR ARMY 
 
 SERVICE, BY STATES. 
 
 301 
 
The divisions are in three groups. The Regular 
 Army divisions, numbered from 1 to 20, were orig- 
 inally made up from Regular Army units plus volun- 
 tary enlistments and selective-service men. The 
 National Guard divisions, numbered from 26 to 42. 
 came in largely from the militia of the several 
 States. The National Army divisions, numbered 
 from 76 to 93, were made up almost wholly of men 
 called in by the selective-service law. As an aid to 
 memory it may be helpful to note that the Regular 
 Army divisions were numbered below 35, the Na- 
 tional Guard divisions from 25 to 50, and the National 
 Army divisions betwen 50 and 100. Four additional 
 National Army divisions were in process of organ- 
 ization when the armistice was signed. 
 
 TRAINING THE TROOPS. 
 
 The average American soldier who fought in 
 France had six months of training here, two months 
 overseas before entering the line, and one month 
 in a quiet sector before going into battle. 
 
 Most soldiers received their training in infantry 
 divisions which are our typical combat units and 
 consist of about 1,000 officers and 37,000 men. 
 
 Forty-two divisions were sent to France. 
 
 More than two-thirds of our line officers were 
 graduates of the officers' training camps. 
 
 France and England sent to the United States 
 nearly 800 specially skilled officers and noncommis- 
 sioned officers who rendered most important aid as 
 instructors in our training camps. 
 
 1917 
 
 1918 
 
 DlTi- 
 
 aion Ijui Augjsep |Oct | K ov|Dec Jan Foti|Harj Aprjtiay [Jnn 
 
 Jul |A-ug |Sep |Oct |N0T |Dec 
 
 1917 
 
 Jan I Fet | Har | Apr [May |jun \lvl JAxtg |sep | 
 
 1918 
 
 I I Orgaaization to arrival in Franoe 
 V:i, ' ' \ Arrival in Franoe to entering lino 
 [ J Entering line ts active tattle eervlee 
 B^lj Service as active combat dlvlalon 
 
 TIME FROM ORGANIZATION OF Dn'ISIO.^S TO ENTERING LINE. 
 
 302 
 
ICew york 
 
 Psrmsylvenia 
 
 lillnols 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Taxis 
 
 Michigan 
 
 ilassachusatts 
 
 Missouri 
 
 California 
 
 Indiana 
 
 3"e.v Jersey 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 lov/a 
 
 Vi'isconsln 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Oklanoma 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Virginia 
 
 M. Carolina 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 W. Virginia 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 S. Carolina 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 liebraska 
 ilaryland 
 Washington 
 
 j;ontana 
 Colorado 
 Florida 
 Oregon 
 S. Dakota 
 N. Dakota 
 Maine 
 Idaho 
 Utah 
 
 Rhode Island 
 Porto fiico 
 Diet, of Col. 
 K. Hampshire 
 New ilexico 
 Wyoming 
 Arizona 
 VeriDont 
 Delaware 
 Hawaii 
 Hevada 
 Alaska 
 A.E.f. 
 
 Rot allocated 
 Philippines 
 Total 
 
 Hen 
 
 367,864 
 
 297,891 
 
 251,074 
 
 200,293 
 
 151,065 
 
 135,485 
 
 132,610 
 
 128,544 
 
 112,514 
 
 106,581 
 
 105,207 
 
 99,116 
 
 93,781 
 
 98,211 
 
 85,506 
 
 80,159 
 
 75,825 
 
 75,043 
 
 74,678 
 
 73,06J 
 
 73,003 
 
 65,986 
 
 63,425 
 
 61,027 
 
 55,777 
 
 54,295 
 
 53,482 
 
 50,-069 
 
 47,805 
 
 47,054 
 
 45,1S4 
 
 36,293 
 
 34,393 
 
 33,331 
 
 30, U6 
 
 29,686 
 
 25,603 
 
 24,252 
 
 19,016 
 
 17,361 
 
 16,861 
 
 16,536 
 
 15,930 
 
 14,374 
 
 12.439 
 
 11,393 
 
 10,492 
 
 9,338 
 
 7 ,464 
 
 5,644 
 
 5,105 
 
 2,10- 
 
 1,499 
 
 1,513 
 
 I 5.33 
 
 5.68 
 
 255 I .01 
 
 3,757,624 
 
 NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF SOLDIERS FURNISHED BY EACH STATE. 
 Figures do not include Sailors and Marines in which all enlistments were volun- 
 tary and not on a State Quota Basis. 
 
 ARMY CAMPS AND CANTON.MENTS. 
 303 
 
TRANSPORTING THE ARMIES. 
 
 During our 19 montlis of war more than 2,000.000 
 American soldiers were carried to France. Half a 
 million of these went over in the iirst 13 months 
 and a million and a half in the last 6 months. 
 
 The highest troop-carrying records are those of 
 July. 1918, when .306,000 soldiers were carried to 
 Europe and ^lay, 1919, when 330,000 were brought 
 home to -America. 
 
 Most of the troops who sailed for France left from 
 New York. Half of them landed in England and the 
 other half landed in France. 
 
 Among every 100 Americans who went over 49 
 went in British ships, 45 in American ships, 3 in 
 Italian, 2 in Frencli. and 1 in Russian shipping under 
 English control. 
 
 Our cargo ships averaged one complete trip every 
 70 days and our troop sliips one complete trip every 
 3,5 days. 
 
 The cargo fleet almost exclusively American. 
 It reached the size of 2,600,000 deadweight tons and 
 carried to Europe about 7,500,000 tons of cargo. 
 
 The greatest troop-carrier among all the ships 
 has been the Leviathan, which landed 12,000 men, 
 or the equivalent of a German division, in France 
 every month. 
 
 The fastest transports have been the Great North- 
 ern and the Northern Pacific, which have made com- 
 plete turnarounds, taken on new troops, and started 
 back again in 19 days. 
 
 FOOD, CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT. 
 
 Tlie records of the Quartermaster show that dur- 
 ing the si.x months of hard fighting, from June to 
 November, the enlisted man in the A. E. F. re- 
 ceived on the average: 
 
 Slicker and overcoat, every 5 months. 
 
 Blanket, flannel shirt, and breeches, everj' 2 
 months. 
 
 Coat, every 79 days. 
 
 Shoes and puttees, every 51 days. 
 
 Drawers and undershirt, every 34 days. 
 
 Woolen socks, every 23 days. 
 
 The problems of feeding and clothing the .\rmy 
 were difficult because of the immense quantities in- 
 volved rather than because of the diftnculty of manu- 
 facturing the articles needed. 
 
 Requirements for some kinds of clothing for the 
 .\rmy were more than twice as great as the prewar 
 tatal .American production of the same articles. 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 
 88 
 
 88 
 
 88 
 
 
 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 S6 
 
 86 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 91 
 
 91 
 
 91 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 
 92 
 
 92 
 
 92 
 
 92 
 
 92 
 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 60 
 
 80 
 
 SO 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 SO 
 
 SO 
 
 SO 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 3S 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 77 77 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 3. 3 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 S 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 5 5 5 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 
 
 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 
 
 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 
 
 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 
 
 222222222222222 
 
 11111111111111111 
 
 Jim Jnl A.xig 3«p Oct TSor Deo | Jan Fsl> liar Apr Hay Jun Jul Aug S«p Got 
 1917 1918 
 
 XU-MERIC.AL DESIGNATIONS OF .\XIERIC.\N DIVISIONS IN FR.\XCE 
 EACH JIOXTH. 
 
 :;04 
 
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OF THE ARMY IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 Each dot represents a military station, c mi]), supply depot, training or war produc- 
 tion project. 
 
 CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OF ViL A.EJ. 
 
To secure the articles needed for the Army the 
 Government had to commandeer all the wool and 
 some other staple articles in the United States and 
 control production through all its stages. 
 
 The distribution of supplies in the expeditionary 
 forces required the creation of an organization called 
 the Services of Supply, to which one-fourth of all 
 the troops who went overseas were assigned. 
 
 American Engineers built in France 83 new ship 
 berths, 1,000 miles of standard-guage track, and -i.^S 
 miles of narrow-gauge track. 
 
 The Signal Corps strung in France 100. OOi) miles 
 of telephone and telegraph wire. 
 
 Prior to the armistice 40,000 trucks were shipped 
 to the forces in France. 
 
 Construction projects in the United States cost 
 twice as much as the Panama Canal, and construc- 
 tion overseas was nn nearly as large a scale. 
 
 The .'Kmi}- in I'Vance always had enough food and 
 clothing. 
 
 RIFLES AND AMMUNITION. 
 
 When war was declared the .\rmy had on hand 
 nearly 000,000 Springfield rifles. Their manufacture 
 was continued, and the American Enfield designed 
 and put into production. 
 
 The total production of Springfield and Enfield 
 rifles up to the signing of the armistice was over 
 :;,.-)00.000. 
 
 The use of machine guns on a lar.ge scale is a 
 development of the European war. In the Ameri- 
 can .'\rmy the allowance in 1913 was four machine 
 guns per regiment. In 1919 the new Army plans 
 provide for an equipment of 336 guns per regiment, 
 or eighty-four times as many. 
 
 The entire number of American machine guns 
 produced to the end of 1918 was 227,000, 
 
 During the war the Browning automatic rille and 
 the Browning machine gun were developed, put into 
 quantity production, and used in large numbers in 
 tlie lin.il battles in France. 
 
 FIRST AMD SECOMO PHASES 
 
 LAST PHASE OF ACfVANCC 
 
 vCRDUn 
 
 THE B.\TTLE OF THE MEUSE-ARGONNE. 
 
 Days of battle 47 
 
 American troops engaged 1,200,000 
 
 Guns employed in attack 2,417 
 
 Rounds of artillery ammunition fired 4,214,000 
 
 Airplanes used 840 
 
 Tons of explosives dropped by planes 100 
 
 Tanks used 324 
 
 Miles of penetration of enemy line 34 
 
 Square kilometers of territory taken. 
 
 X'illages and towns liberated 
 
 Prisoners captured 
 
 Artillery pieces captured 
 
 Machine guns captured 
 
 Trench mortars captured 
 
 American casualties 
 
 i.SSo 
 
 150 
 
 16,059 
 
 468 
 
 2,864 
 
 177 
 
 120,000 
 
 306 
 

 ■■^'\ 
 
 
 ■' — .-■ <. 
 
 Lirtc Of ■tm-'^ ' 
 
 CHAMPAsnE-rwant 
 
 THF 
 
 FI\'E r.UEAT GKKMAN OFFENSIVES OF 1918 SHOWING THE AMERICAN 
 UNITS ENGAGED IN EACH. 
 
 •;d offe.\si\"es of 191s and the American troops participat- 
 ing THEREIN. 
 
 307 
 
The Browning machine guns are believed to be 
 more effective than the corresponding weapons used 
 in any other army. 
 
 American production of rifle ammunition amounted 
 to approximately 3.500,000.000. of which 1,500- 
 000,000 were shipped overseas. 
 
 PREPARING FOR THE CAMPAIGN OF 1919. 
 
 It is appropriate to comment on the fact that there 
 are many articles of munitions in which American 
 production reached great amounts by the fall of 
 1918 but which were not used in large quantities at 
 the front because the armistice was signed before 
 big supplies of them reached France. In the main, 
 these munitions are articles of ordnance and aviation 
 equipment, involving such technical difficulties of 
 manufacture that their production could not be im- 
 provised or even greatly abbreviated in time. 
 
 As the production figures are scrutinized in retro- 
 spect, and it is realized that many millions of dollars 
 were spent on army equipment that was never used at 
 the front, it seems fair to question whether prudent 
 foresight could not have avoided some of this ex- 
 pense. 
 
 Perhaps the best answer to the question is to be 
 found in the record of a conference that took place 
 in the little French town of Trois Fontaines on Oc- 
 tober 4, 1918, between Marshal Foch and the Ameri- 
 can Secretary of War. 
 
 In that conference the allied commander in chief 
 made final arrangements with the American Secre- 
 tary as to the shipment of American troops and 
 munitions in great numbers during the fall and 
 winter preparatory for the campaign of 1919. 
 
 This was one day before the first German peace 
 note and 38 days before the end of the war, but Mar- 
 shal Foch was then calling upon America to make 
 her great shipments of munitions and her supreme 
 contribution of man power for the campaign of the 
 following year. 
 
 TWO THOUSAND GUNS ON THE FIRING 
 LINE. 
 
 When war was declared the United States had 
 sufficient light artillery to equip an army of 500,000 
 men, and shortly found itself confronted with the 
 problem of preparing to equip 5,000,000 men. 
 
 To meet the situation it was decided in June, 1917, 
 to allot our guns to training purposes and to equip 
 our forces in France with artillery conforming to 
 the French and British standard calibers. 
 
 It was arranged that we should purchase from the 
 French and British the artillery needed for our first 
 divisions and ship them in return equivalent amounts 
 of steel, copper, and other raw materials, so that 
 they could either manufacture guns for us in their 
 own factories or give us guns out of their stocks and 
 replace them by new ones made from our materials. 
 
 Officers LWWWV^*^ 
 Inrantry 4 Itech.Gm ^^ ""^^^^^^^^ 
 
 3 56 
 
 46 
 
 Air Serrlea 
 T»ak Corps 
 Cn^neer Corps 
 iirtlllerr 
 
 Officers E^ 
 lien I 1 
 
 Officers kV-.VV.'^r^ 16 
 lien ^^B 7 
 
 Officers KVW1 10 
 Uen W^M 6 
 
 Officers r^^^^ ^i 8 
 Uen i^B 6 
 
 Csralry 
 
 Signal Corps 
 
 Officers r*^^ 5 
 
 Officers ^3 4 
 lledloal Department ^^^^ ^b 5 
 
 Ord2ianoe 
 
 Officers E 2 
 Uen ■ 3 
 
 Qaartermaster 
 
 Officers Bl 
 Uen |1 
 
 BATTLE DEATHS AMONG EACH THOUSAND OFFICERS AND MEN WHO 
 REACHED FRANCE. 
 
 BATTLE DEATHS BY SERVICES. 
 The chances of death are much heavier in the Infantry than 
 in any other branch of the service. The diagram compares the 
 various services in respect to the chances of death in each. 
 The bars show how many battle deaths there were among each 
 1. 000 men in the various services who reached France. Of each 
 
 1. 000 enlisted men in the Infantry 46 were killed in action or 
 died of wounds. The officers show a higher rate. The most 
 striking difference between the death rates of officers and men 
 appears in the .\ir Service. Here the casualties among officers 
 are much higher than among men because in our service all 
 aviators are officers. 
 
 308 
 
Divi- 
 sion 
 
 4al*t 
 
 IStlTO 
 
 QBlOt AOtl 
 
 ▼e 
 
 iBt 
 
 26th 
 42nd 
 
 2Qd 
 
 127 
 
 148 
 
 126 
 
 71 
 
 47 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 92 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 es 
 
 69 
 
 31 
 
 42 
 
 60 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 
 
 61 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 IS 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 93 
 45 
 39 
 66 
 66 
 32 
 27 
 
 5 
 35 
 86 
 28 
 23 
 49 
 26 
 11 
 £7 
 67 
 £6 
 
 2 
 17 
 38 
 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 23 
 17 
 
 1 220 
 
 1 . A» 
 
 
 7701 
 
 ^^^^^ 
 
 
 5th 
 
 
 
 eznd 
 
 
 
 SStb 
 92nd 
 
 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 IS6 
 
 
 69 th 
 29th 
 
 i^ 1 83 
 
 ^^■1^ 1 82 
 
 
 28 th 
 
 ■■■■ 1 80 
 
 
 90th 
 97th 
 33Td 
 
 ■■■■i 68 
 ^^^^^EZl61 
 
 
 27th 
 
 1 1 B7 
 
 
 90th 
 
 1 1 66 
 
 
 92b1 
 79th 
 
 §^^■■■1 63 
 
 
 4th 
 6th 
 78th 
 7th 
 81lt 
 91it 
 e8th 
 
 ■ 1 tr. 
 
 
 ^■^^40 
 
 ■■ 1 38 
 ■^^ 33 
 ^^^ 31 
 ^ 1 29 
 
 ^^a 28 
 
 
 
 1 1 23 
 
 
 80 th 
 
 1 1 16 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1,329 
 
 906 
 
 
 DAYS SPENT CV hALU l>I\lSIO.\ IX OUIET AND ACTIVE SECTORS. 
 
 DlTl- 
 
 ■loo 
 
 77th 
 2nd 
 
 lat 
 89th 
 
 Ello- 
 
 metari 
 
 60 
 
 55 
 
 51 
 
 48 
 
 41 
 
 38 
 
 37 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 34 
 
 30 
 
 29* 
 
 29 
 
 ^ 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 19* 
 17 
 
 12* 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 5* 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 
 
 ■■■■^B 6.13 
 
 3rd 
 80th 
 26th 
 22Dd 
 33rd 
 9lSt 
 37th 
 30th 
 
 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 §■■■1 b.24 
 ^i^ 4.86 
 ^^M 4.73 
 ■■ 4.60 
 ^m 4.60 
 ^ 4.SS 
 1 3.83 
 3.77 
 
 5th 
 
 
 
 ^^^1 
 
 
 
 3.71 
 
 90th 
 
 
 
 ■^^H 
 
 
 
 3.64 
 
 4th 
 
 
 
 ^^^H 
 
 
 3. 
 68 
 68 
 19 
 
 13 
 
 78th 
 
 
 
 ^^Bl 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2.4 
 
 17 
 
 
 36th 
 
 
 
 ^Hm 
 
 
 79th 
 
 
 
 ^^^1 
 
 
 82nd 
 
 
 
 ■■ 2 
 
 
 35th 
 
 
 
 1 1.60 
 
 1.41 
 1.28 
 02 
 
 
 27th 
 
 
 
 
 28th 
 92iid 
 29fh 
 81st 
 7tll 
 6th 
 
 eeth 
 
 1 .13' 
 
 ■ 
 1. 
 .8S 
 70 
 
 
 Total 
 
 782^ 
 
 
 Ifer 
 
 e«iit 
 
 9.14 
 
 7.67 
 
 KILOMETERS ADN'ANCED AGAINST THE ENEMY BY EACH DIVJSION. 
 
 MK) 
 
Up to the end of April, 1910, the number of com- 
 plete artillery units produced in American plants 
 was more than 3,000, or equal to all those purchased 
 from the French and British during the war. 
 
 The number of rounds of complete artillery am- 
 munition produced in American plants was in excess 
 of 20,000,000, as compared with 9,000,000 rounds 
 secured from the French and British. 
 
 In the first 20 months after the declaration of war 
 by each country the British did better than we did 
 in the production of light artillery, and we excelled 
 them in producing heavj- artillery and both light and 
 heavy ammunition. 
 
 So far as the Allies were concerned, the European 
 war was in large measure fought with American 
 powder and high explosives. 
 
 At the end of the war .American production of 
 smokeless powder was 45 per cent greater than the 
 French and British production combined. 
 
 At the end of the war the American production 
 of higli explosives was 40 per cent greater than 
 Great Britian's and nearly double that of France. 
 
 During the war America produced 10,000 tons of 
 
 gas, much of which was sold to the French and 
 British. 
 
 Out of every hundred days that our combat divi- 
 sions were in line in France they were supported 
 by their own artillery for ?5 days, by British artillery 
 for 5 days, and by French for iVz days. Of the re- 
 maining 18% days that they were in line without 
 artillery, 18 daj's were in quiet sectors, and only one- 
 half of 1 day in each hundred was in active sectors. 
 
 In round numbers, we had in France 3,500 pieces 
 of artillery, of which nearly 500 were made in Amer- 
 ica, and we used on the firing line 2,250 pieces, of 
 which over 100 were made in America. 
 
 AIRPLANES, MOTORS AND BALLOONS. 
 
 On the declaration of war the United States had 
 55 training airplanes, of which 51 were classified as 
 obsolete and the other 4 as obsolescent. 
 
 When we entered the war the Allies made the 
 designs of their planes available to us and before the 
 
 DISEASE 
 
 DISEASE 
 
 BATTLE 
 
 I BATTLE 
 
 llezlcan War 
 1846-46 
 
 BATTLE 
 
 33 
 
 Civil War 
 {North) 
 1661-65 
 
 DISEASE 
 
 BATTLE 
 
 cn 
 
 Spanish War 
 1696 
 
 DISEASE 
 
 I 
 
 53 
 
 PEESKHT %AB 
 
 to H07 11 
 
 1918 
 
 DISEASE AND BATTLE DEATHS. 
 
 The total number of lives lost in both Army and Navy from 
 the declaration of war to May i, 1919. is 122,500. Deaths in 
 the Army, including Marines attached to it. were 1 12,432. 
 About two-thirds of these deaths occurred over seas. There 
 were 768. lost at sea, of which 381 are included under battle 
 deaths, since their loss was the direct result of submarine 
 activity. Almost exactly half the losses were from disease. 
 If the comparison between disease and battle losses is limited 
 to the expeditionary forces, battle losses appear more than twice 
 as large as deaths from disease. 
 
 This is the first war in which the United States has been 
 engaged that showed a lower death rate from disease than from 
 battle. In previous wars insanitary conditions at camps and 
 the ravages of epidemic diseases have resulted in disease deaths 
 far in excess of the number killed on the battle field. The facts 
 
 are shown on the diagram. In order to make a fair comparison 
 the figures used are the numbers of death each year among 
 each 1,000 troops. Since the time of the Mexican War a steady 
 improvement has been made in the health of troops in war 
 operations. The death rate from disease in the Mexican War 
 was 110 per year in each 1,000 men; in the Civil War this was 
 reduced to 65 ; and in the Spanish War to 26 ; while the rate 
 in the expeditionary forces in this war was ig. The battle rate 
 of 53 for tlie overseas forces is higher than in any previous 
 war. It is higher than in the Civil War because all of the 
 figluing was concentrated in one year, while in the Civil War 
 it stretched over four years. The rates in this war for the total 
 forces under arms both in the United States and France from 
 the beginning of the war to May 1, 1919, were 13 for battle 
 and 1 5 for disease. 
 
 :no 
 
leoo 
 
 i, 
 
 i 
 
 /, 
 
 ■ 
 
 BOO 
 
 1 
 
 ! 
 
 ^9 
 
 ;// 
 
 ^9 
 
 :5-- 
 
 Kl 
 
 :i5: 
 
 B5b 
 
 "^' 
 
 Isv 
 
 -01/ 
 
 ■i^ 
 
 /'<:- 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 .f 
 
 / 
 
 At' 
 
 on" 
 
 # ..^ .^^\^ 
 
 
 
 FIGURES SHOW THOUSANDS OF MEN KILLED IN ACTION AND DIED OF 
 
 WOUNDS. 
 
 tao 
 
 BATIOHAL WEALTH, FBE-VIB DBBT, AKD FOST-WAB SEBI 
 
 I 1 ^zzzzzzzzzzzzzm 
 
 In Billions of Dollara 
 
 16 
 
 n 
 
 11 
 
 2.9 I 
 
 Italy 
 
 78 
 
 67 
 
 6.6 
 M 
 
 27 
 
 I 
 
 1.2 
 
 39 
 
 I 
 
 85 
 
 34 
 3.5 H 
 
 24 
 
 _li:J 
 
 Franoe 
 
 G«imasy 
 
 Doited YS.-o^tm United 3tat*;$ 
 
 ESTIMATED PRE-WAR NATIONAL WEALTH, PRE-WAR NATIONAL DEBTS, 
 AND POST-WAR NATIONAL DEBTS OF FIVE NATIONS IN BILLIONS OF 
 
 DOLL.VRS. 
 
end of hostilities furnished us from their own man- 
 ufacture 3,800 service planes. 
 
 Aviation training schools in the United States 
 graduated 8,603 men from elementary courses and 
 4,028 from advanced courses. More than 5,000 pilots 
 and observers were sent overseas. 
 
 The total personnel of the Air Service, officers, 
 students, and enlisted men, increased from 1,200 at 
 the outbreak of the war to nearly 200,000 at its close. 
 
 There were produced in the United States to No- 
 vember 30, 1918, more than 8,000 trainin.s: planes 
 and more than 16,000 training engines. 
 
 The De Haviland-4 observation and day bombing 
 plane was the onlj' plane the United States put into 
 quantity production. Before the signing of the ar- 
 mistice 3,227 had been completed and 1,885 shipped 
 overseas. The plane was successfully used at the 
 front for three months. 
 
 The production of the 12-cylinder Liberty engine 
 was America's chief contribution to aviation. Before 
 the armistice 13,574 had been completed, 4,435 ship- 
 ped to the expeditionary forces, and 1,025 delivered 
 to the Allies. 
 
 The first flyers in action wearing the American 
 uniform were members of the Lafayette Escadrille. 
 who were transferred to the American service in 
 December, 1917. 
 
 The American air force at the front grew from 
 3 squadrons in April to 45 in November, 1918. On 
 
 November 11 the 45 squadrons had an equipment of 
 740 planes. 
 
 Of 2,698 planes sent to the zone of the advance 
 for i^merican aviators 667, or nearly one-fourth, 
 were of American manufacture. 
 
 American air squadrons played important roles 
 in the battles of Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel, and 
 the Meuse-Argonne. They brought down in combat 
 755 enemy planes, while their own losses of planes 
 numbered only 357. Americans brought down 71 
 German balloons and lost 43. 
 
 BATTLE FACTS AND FIGURES. 
 
 Two out of every three -American soldiers who 
 reached France took part in battle. The number 
 who reached France was 3,084,000, and of these 
 1.390,000 saw active service at the front. 
 
 Of the 43 divisions that reached France 29 took 
 part in active combat service. Seven of them were 
 Regular Army divisions, 11 were organized from the 
 National Guard, and 11 were made up of National 
 Army troops. 
 
 American divisions were in battle for 200 days and 
 engaged in 13 major operations. 
 
 From the middle of August until the end of the 
 war the American divisions held during the greater 
 part of the time a front longer than that held by 
 the British. 
 
 MtUSt-ARGOHME 
 
 CHATEAU-THIERRY 
 
 CANTISMY 
 
 AMERIC.\X T1.\TTI.E DEATHS EACH MONTH OF 191S. 
 312 
 
In October the American divisions held 101 miles 
 of line, or 23 per cent of the entire western front. 
 
 On the 1st of April the Germans had a superiority 
 of 324,000 in rifle strength. Due to American ar- 
 rivals the allied strength exceeded that of the Ger- 
 mans in June and was more than 600,000 above it 
 in November. 
 
 In the battle of St. Mihiel 550,000 Americans were 
 engaged, as compared with about 100,000 on the 
 Northern side in the battle of Gettysburg. The 
 artillery fired more than 1.000,000 shells in four 
 hours, which is the most intense concentration of 
 artillery fire recorded in history. 
 
 The Meuse-Argonne battle lasted for 47 days dur- 
 ing which 1,200,000 American troops were engaged. 
 
 The American battle losses of the war were 50,000 
 killed and 236.000 wounded. They are heavy when 
 counted in terms of lives and suffering, but light 
 compared with the enormous price paid by the na- 
 tions at whose sides we fought. 
 
 WHERE THE ARMY DOLLAR WENT. 
 ARMY EXPENDITURES. 
 
 The table herewith shows the amount expended by each im- 
 portant Army bureau. The Quartermaster Corps, which paid 
 the soldiers and furnished them with food, clothing, equipment, 
 and miscellaneous supplies, spent the most. The Ordnance De- 
 partment was next in order, with over $4,000,000,000 for mu- 
 nitions, more than half of its expenditure being for artillery 
 ammunition. 
 
 EXPENDITURES liV AKMY BUREAUS. 
 
 Expended to 
 
 Apr. 30, 1919. Percent. 
 
 Quartermaster Corps: 
 
 Pay of the Army, etc $1,831,273,000 12.9 
 
 Other Quartermaster Corps ap- 
 propriations 6,^4-!, 745, utid 43 -S 
 
 Ordnance Department 4.087,347,000 28.7 
 
 Air Service 859,291,000 6.0 
 
 Engineer Corps 638,974,000 4.5 
 
 Medical Department 314,544,000 2.2 
 
 Signal Corps 128,920,000 .9 
 
 Chemical Warfare Service 83,299,000 .6 
 
 Provost Marshal General * 24,30 1 .000 . 1 7 
 
 Secretary's office and miscellaneous. . *33,367,ooo .23 
 
 Total 14,244,061,000 100.00 
 
 * Figures are for Dec. 31, 19 18. Expenditures since that 
 date for these purposes have been small compared with other 
 items in table. 
 
 BATTLE CASUALTIES AND DISEASE. 
 
 Of every 100 American soldiers and sailors, who 
 served in the war with Germany, two were killed or 
 died of disease during the period of hostTlties. 
 
 The total battle deaths of all nations in this war 
 were greater than all the deaths in all the wars in the 
 previous 100 years. 
 
 Russian battle deaths were 34 times as heavy as 
 those of the United States, those of Germany 33 
 times as great, the French 38 times, and the British 
 18 times as large. 
 
 The number of .American lives lost was 133, .500, 
 of which about 10,000 were in the Navy, and the 
 rest in the Army and the Marines attached to it. 
 
 In the American Army the casualty rate in the 
 Infantry was higher than in any other service, and 
 that for officers was higher than for men. 
 
 For every man killed in battle seven were wounded. 
 
 Five out of every six men sent to hospitals on 
 account of wounds were cured and returned to duty. 
 
 In the expeditionary forces battle losses were twice 
 as large as deaths from disease. 
 
 In this war the death rate from disease was lower, 
 and the death rate from battle was higher tlian in 
 any other previous .American war. 
 
 Inoculation, clean camps, and safe drinking water 
 practically eliminated typhoid fever among our 
 troops in this war. 
 
 Pneumonia killed more soldiers than were killed 
 in battle. Meningitis was the next most serious 
 disease. 
 
 Of each 100 cases of venereal disease recorded in 
 the United States. 96 were contracted before entering 
 the Army and only 4 afterwards. 
 
 During the entire war available hospital facilities 
 in the American Expeditionary Forces have been in 
 excess of the needs. 
 
 COST OF THE WAR. 
 
 The war cost the United States considerably more 
 than a million dollars an hour for over two years. 
 
 The direct cost was about $33,000,000,000, or 
 nearly enough to pay the entire cost of running the 
 United States government from 1791 up to the out- 
 break of the European war. 
 
 Our expenditures in this war was sufficient to have 
 carried on the Revolutionary war continuously for 
 more than 1,000 years at the rate of expenditure 
 which that war actually involved. 
 
 In addition to this huge expenditure nearly $10,- 
 000,000,000 have been loaned by the United States to 
 the Allies. 
 
 The Army expenditures have been over $14,000,- 
 000,000 or nearly two-thirds of our total war co.sts. 
 
 During the first three months our war expendi- 
 tures were at the rate of $3,000,000 per day. During 
 the last year they averaged more than $23,000,000 
 a day. For the final 10 months of the period, from 
 April. 1917, to April, 1919, the daily average was over 
 $44,000,000. 
 
 Although the Army expenditures are less than 
 two-thirds of our total war costs, they are nearly 
 
 313 
 
equal to the value of all the gold produced in tlie 
 whole world from the discovery of America up to 
 the outbreak of the European war. 
 
 The pay of the Army during the war cost more 
 than the combined salaries of all the public-school 
 principals and teachers in the United States for the 
 five years from 1912 to 1916. 
 
 The total war costs of all nations were about 
 $186,000,000,000, of which the Allies and the United 
 
 States spent two-thirds and the enemy one-third. 
 
 The three nations spending the greatest amounts 
 were Germany, Great Britian, and France, in that 
 order. After them come the United States and 
 Austria-Hungary, with substantially ec|ual expendi- 
 tures. 
 
 The United States spent about one-eighth of the 
 entire cost of the war, and something less than one- 
 fifth of the expenditures of the allied side. 
 
 FIGURES OF AMERICAN PARTICIPATION IN THE WAR. 
 
 Total armed forces, including Army, Navy. Marine Corps, etc 4,800,000 
 
 Total men in the Army 4,000,000 
 
 Men who went overseas 3,086,000 
 
 Men who fought in France 1,390,000 
 
 Greatest number sent in one month 306.000 
 
 Greatest number returning in one month 333,000 
 
 Tons of supplies shipped from America to France 7,500,000 
 
 Total registered in draft 24,234,021 
 
 Total draft inductions 3,810,296 
 
 Greatest number inducted in one month 400,000 
 
 Graduates of Line Officers' Training Schools 80,468 
 
 Cost of war to April 30, 1919 $21,850,000,000 
 
 Cost of Army to April 30, 1919 $13,930,000,000 
 
 Battles fought by American troops 13 
 
 Months of American participation in the war 19 
 
 Days of battle 200 
 
 Days of duration of Meuse-Argonne battle 47 
 
 Americans in Meuse-Argonne battle 1,200.000 
 
 American casualties in Meuse-Argonne battle 120,000 
 
 American battle deaths in war 50,000 
 
 Americans wounded in war 236,000 
 
 American deaths from disease 56,991 
 
 Total deaths in the Army 112,422 
 
 FDfmriED 
 AREA or MLTZ 
 
 V 12'^ or i^^^^ 
 
 BATTLE OF ST. MIHIEL. 
 Illustration shows, by number, the American Divisions engaged and the successive 
 lines held Sept. 12-15, 1918. 
 
 314 
 
SOME INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS 
 
 Duration of tlie War 
 
 
 War 
 
 Dec 
 
 lared 
 
 War 
 
 Declared 
 
 
 
 
 
 By 
 
 Cen 
 
 tral 
 
 Against 
 
 Cen- 
 
 
 Duration of War 
 
 
 Allied and Associated Nations 
 
 Powe 
 
 rs 
 
 tral 
 
 Powers 
 
 Vrs 
 
 Mos. 
 
 Days 
 
 1. Serbia 
 
 July 
 
 28, 
 
 1914 
 
 . Aug. 
 
 9, 
 
 1914 
 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 2. Russia' 
 
 Aug. 
 
 1, 
 
 1914 
 
 Nov. 
 
 3, 
 
 1914 
 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 3. France 
 
 Aug. 
 
 3, 
 
 1914 
 
 Aug. 
 
 3, 
 
 1914 
 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 4. Belgium 
 
 Aug. 
 
 4, 
 
 1914 
 
 Aug. 
 
 7, 
 
 1917 
 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5. Great Britian 
 
 Nov. 
 
 23, 
 
 1914 
 
 Aug. 
 
 4. 
 
 1914 
 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 6. Montenegro 
 
 Aug. 
 
 9, 
 
 1914 
 
 Aug. 
 
 6, 
 
 1914 
 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 7. Japan 
 
 Aug. 
 
 27, 
 
 1914 
 
 Aug. 
 
 23, 
 
 1914 
 
 
 2 
 
 19 
 
 8. Portugal 
 
 Mar. 
 
 9, 
 
 1916 
 
 Nov. 
 
 23. 
 
 1914 
 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 9. Italy 
 
 
 
 
 May 
 
 23, 
 
 1915 
 
 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 10. San Marino 
 
 
 
 
 June 
 
 6, 
 
 191.5 
 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 11. Roumania' 
 
 Aug. 
 
 39, 
 
 1916 
 
 Aug. 
 
 27, 
 
 1916 
 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 12. Greece 
 
 
 
 
 Nov. 
 
 23, 
 
 1916 
 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 13. United States 
 
 
 
 
 Apr. 
 
 6, 
 
 1917 
 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 14. Panama 
 
 
 
 
 Apr. 
 
 7, 
 
 1917 
 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 15. Cuba 
 
 
 
 
 Apr. 
 
 7. 
 
 1917 
 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 16. Siam 
 
 
 
 
 July 
 
 22. 
 
 1917 
 
 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 17. Liberia 
 
 
 
 
 Aug. 
 
 4, 
 
 1917 
 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 18. China 
 
 
 
 
 Aug. 
 
 14, 
 
 1917 
 
 
 2 
 
 28 
 
 19. Brazil 
 
 
 
 
 Oct. 
 
 26, 
 
 1917 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 20. Guatemala 
 
 
 
 
 Apr. 
 
 21, 
 
 1918 
 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 
 21. Nicaragua 
 
 
 
 
 May 
 
 6, 
 
 1918 
 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 22. Haiti 
 
 
 
 
 July 
 
 12, 
 
 1918 
 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 23. Honduras 
 
 
 
 
 July 
 
 19, 
 
 1918 
 
 
 3 
 
 23 
 
 'Treaty March 3, 1918 
 'Treaty March 6, 1918 
 
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 ORSAMIC HEART DISE>eE5 
 APPEhOICITIS 
 
 peritomitis 
 Typhoid 
 bri6mt'3 dise^^se 
 
 SEPTICEMIA 
 EMPYEMIA 
 
 ARMY AND NAVY DEATHS BY PRIAXIPAL DISEASES. 
 
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 316 
 
WAR CHRONOLOGY 
 
 Chief Events from Beginning to the Signing of the Armistice — iqi8 
 
 1914 
 
 June 28 — Murder at Sarajevo of the Archduke Francis 
 Ferdinand. 
 
 July 2a — Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia. 
 
 July 28 — Austria-Hvuigary declares war on Serbia. 
 
 July 31 — General mobilization in Russia. "State of 
 war" declared in Germany. 
 
 Aug. 1 — Germany declared war on Russia and invaded 
 Luxemburg. 
 
 Aug. 2 — German ultimatum to Belgium, demanding a 
 free passage for her troops across Belgium. 
 
 Aug. 3 — Germany declares war on France. 
 
 Aug. 4 — Great Britain's ultimatum to Germany demand- 
 ing assurance that neutrality of Belgium would be 
 respected. War declared by Great Britain on Ger- 
 many. 
 
 Aug. 4 — President Wilson proclaimed neutrality of 
 United States. 
 
 Aug. 4-26 — Belgium overrun; Liege occupied (Aug. 9) ; 
 Brussels (Aug. 20) ; Namur (Aug. 24). 
 
 Aug. 6 — Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. 
 
 Aug. 10 — France declares war on Austria-Hungary. 
 
 Aug. 12 — Great Britain declares war on Austria- 
 Hungary. 
 
 Aug. 16 — British expeditionary force landed in France. 
 
 Aug. 18 — Russia completes mobilization and invades 
 East Prussia. 
 
 Aug. 21-2,3 — Battle of Mons Charleroi. Dogged re- 
 treat of French and British in the face of the Ger- 
 man invasion. 
 
 Aug. 23 — Tsingtau bombarded by Japanese. 
 
 Aug. 25-Dec. 1.5 — Russians overrun Galicia. Lemberg 
 taken (Sept. 2) ; PTzemysl first attacked (Sept. 16) ; 
 siege broken (Oct. 12-Nov. 12). Fall of Przemysl 
 (March 17, 1915). Dec. 4, Russians 3% miles from 
 Cracow. 
 
 Aug. 26 — Germans destroyed Louvain. 
 
 —Allies conquer Togoland, in Africa. 
 
 — Russians severly defeated at Battle of Tannenberg, 
 in East Prussia. 
 
 Aug. 28 — British naval victory in Helgoland Bight. 
 
 Aug. 31 — Allies line along the Seine, Marne and Meuse 
 Rivers. 
 
 — Name St. Petersburg changed to Petrograd by Rus- 
 sian decree. 
 
 Sept. 3 — French Government removed (temporarily) 
 from Paris to Bordeaux. 
 
 Sept. 5 — Great Britain, France and Russia sign a treaty 
 not to make peace separately. 
 
 Sept. 6-10 — Battle of the Marne. Germans reach the 
 extreme point of their advance ; driven back by the 
 French from the Marne to the River Aisne. The bat- 
 tle line then remained practically stationary for three 
 years (front of 300 miles). 
 
 Sept. 7 — Germans take INLiubeuge. 
 
 Sept. 11 — An Austrian expedition captures New Guinea 
 and the Bismarck Archipelago Protectorate. 
 
 Sept. 16 — Russians, under Gen. Rennenkampf, driven 
 from East Prussia. 
 
 Sept. 22 — Three British armored cruisers sunk by a 
 submarine. 
 
 Sept. 27 — Successful invasion of German Southwest 
 Africa by Gen. Botha. 
 
 Oct. 9 — Germans occupy Antwerp. 
 
 Oct. 13 — Belgian Government withdraws to Le Havre, 
 in France. Germans occupy Ghent. 
 
 Oct. 16-28— Battle of the Yser, in Flanders. Belgians 
 and French halt German advance. 
 
 Oct. 17-Nov. 17 — French, Belgians and British repulse 
 German drive in first battle of Ypres, saving Channel 
 ports (decisive day of battle, Oct. 31). 
 
 Oct. 21 — The sale of alcohol forbidden in Russia until 
 the end of the war. 
 
 Oct. 21-28 — German armies driven back in Poland. 
 
 Oct. 28 — De Wet's Rebellion in South Africa. 
 
 Nov. 1 — German naval victory in the Pacific, off the 
 coast of Chili. 
 
 Nov. 3 — German naval raid into English waters. 
 
 Nov. 5 — Great Britain declared war on Turkey; Cyprus 
 annexed. 
 
 Nov. 7 — Fall of Tsingtau to the Japanese. 
 
 Nov. 10-Dec. 14 — Austrian invasion of Serbia (Bel- 
 grade taken Dec. 2, recaptured by Serbians Dec. 14). 
 
 Nov. 10 — German cruiser Emden caught and destroyed 
 at Cocos Island. 
 
 Nov. 13 — Proclamation by the President of the United 
 States of neutrality of the Panama Canal Zone. 
 
 Nov. 21 — Basra, on Persian Gulf, occupied by British. 
 
 Dec. 8 — British naval victory off the Falkland Islands. 
 
 — South African rebellion collapses. 
 
 Dec. 9 — French Government returned to Paris. 
 
 Dec. 16 — German warships bombarded West Hartle- 
 pool, Scarborough and Whitby. 
 
 Dec. 17 — Egypt proclaimed a British Protectorate, and 
 a new ruler appointed with title of Sultan. 
 
 Dec. 24 — First German air raid on England, 
 
 1915 
 
 Jan. 1-Feb. 15 — Russians attempt to cross the Carpa- 
 thians. 
 
 Jan. 7 — The sale of absinthe forbidden in France for 
 the duration of the war. 
 
 Jan. 20 — American neutrality explained and defended 
 by Secretary of State Bryan. 
 
 Jan. 24 — British naval victory in North Sea off Dogger- 
 bank. 
 
 Jan. 25 — Second Russian invasion of East Prussia. 
 
 Jan. 28 — American merchantman William P. Frye sunk 
 by German cruiser Prinz Eitel Friedrich. 
 
 Feb. 4 — Germany's proclamation of "war zone" around 
 the British isles after Feb. 18. 
 
 Feb. 10 — United States note holding German Govern- 
 ment to a "strict accountability" if any merchant ves- 
 sel of the United States is destroyed or any American 
 citizens lose their lives. 
 
 Feb. 16 — Germany's reply stating "war-zone" act is an 
 act of self-defense against illegal methods employed 
 by Great Britain in preventing commerce between 
 Germany and neutral countries. 
 
 Feb. 18 — German official "blockade" of Great Britain 
 commenced. German submarines begin campaign of 
 "piracy and pillage." 
 
 Feb. 19 — Anglo-French squadron bombards Darda- 
 nelles. 
 
 Feb. 20 — United States sends identic note to Great 
 Britain and Germany suggesting an agreement be- 
 tween these two powers respecting the conduct of 
 naval warfare. 
 
 Feb. 28 — Germany's reply to identic note. 
 
 March 1 — Announcement of British "blockade;" "Or- 
 ders in Council" issued to prevent commodities of any 
 kind from reaching or leaving Germany. 
 
 March 10 — British capture Neuve Chapelle. 
 
 March 17 — Russians captured Przemysl and strength- 
 ened their hold on the greater part of Galicia. 
 
 j\Iarch 28 — British steamship Falaba attacked by sub- 
 marine and sunk (111 lives lost; 1 American). 
 
April 2 — Russians fighting in the Carpathians. 
 
 April 8 — Steamer Harpalyce, in service of American 
 Commission for Aid of Belgium, torpedoed ; 15 lives 
 lost. 
 
 April 17-May 17 — Second Battle of Ypres. British cap- 
 tured Hill 60 (April 19) ; (April 23) ; Germans ad- 
 vanced toward Yser Canal. Asphyxiating gas em- 
 ployed by the Germans. Failure of Germany to break 
 through the British lines. 
 
 April 22 — German Embassy sends out a warning against 
 embarkation on vessels belonging to Great Britain. 
 
 April 26 — Allied troops land on the Gallipoli Peninsula. 
 
 April 28 — American vessel Gushing attacked by German 
 aeroplane. 
 
 April 30 — Germans invade the Baltic Provinces of 
 Russia. 
 
 May 1 — American steamship Gulflight sunk by German 
 submarine; 2 Americans lost. Warning of German 
 Embassy published in daily papers. Lusitania sails 
 at 12:20 noon. 
 
 May 2 — Russians forced by the combined Germans and 
 Austrians to retire from their positions in the Car- 
 pathians. (Battle of the Dunajec.) 
 
 May 7 — Cunard Line steamship Lusitania sunk by Ger- 
 man submarine (1,154 lives lost, 114 being Ameri- 
 cans). 
 
 May 8 — Germans occupy Libau, Russian port on the 
 Baltic. 
 
 May 9-June — Battle of Artois, or Festubert (near La 
 Bassee). 
 
 May 10 — Message of sympathy from Germany on loss 
 of American lives by sinking of Lusitania. 
 
 May 12 — South African troops, under Gen. Botha, oc- 
 cupy capital of German Southwest Africa. 
 
 May 13 — American note protests against submarine pol- 
 icy culminating in the sinking of the Lusitania. 
 
 Mav 23 — Italy declared war on .'\ustria-Hungary. 
 
 May 25 — Coalition Cabinet formed in Great Britain; 
 Asquith continues to be Prime Minister. 
 American steamship Nebraskan attacked by submar- 
 ine. 
 
 May 28 — Germany's answer to American note of May 
 13. 
 
 June 1 — Supplementary note from Germany in regard 
 to the Gulflight and Gushing. 
 
 June 3 — Przemysl retaken by Germans and Austrians. 
 
 June 8 — Resignation of William J. Bryan, Secretary of 
 State. 
 
 June 9 — Monfalcone occupied by Italians, severing one 
 of two railway lines to Trieste. 
 
 — United States sends second note on Lusitania case. 
 
 June 22 — The Austro-Germans recapture Lemberg. 
 
 July 2 — Naval action between Russian and German 
 warships in the Baltic. 
 
 July 8 — Germany sends reply to note of June 9 and 
 pledges safety to LInitcd States vessels in war zone 
 under specified conditions. 
 
 July 15 — Germany sends memorandum acknowledging 
 submarine attack on Nebraskan and expresses regret. 
 
 — Conquest of German Southwest Africa completed. 
 
 July 21 — Third American note on Lusitania case de- 
 clares Germany's communication of July 8 "very un- 
 satisfactory." 
 
 July 12-Sept. 18 — German conquest of Russian Poland. 
 Germans capture Lubin (July 31), Warsaw (Aug. 4). 
 Ivangorod (Aug. 5), Kovno (Aug. 17), Nowogeor- 
 giewsk (Aug. 19), Brest-Litovsk (Aug. 25), Vilna 
 (Sept. 18). 
 
 July 25 — American steamship Leelanaw sunk by sub- 
 marine ; carrying contraband ; no lives lost. 
 
 Aug. 4 — Capture of Warsaw by Germans. 
 
 Aug. 15 — National registration in Great Britain. 
 
 Aug. 19 — White Star liner Arabic sunk by submarine; 
 16 victims, 2 Americans. 
 
 Aug. 20 — Italy declared war on Turkey. 
 
 Aug. 24 — German Ambassador sends note in regard to 
 Arabic. Loss of American lives contrary to intention 
 of the German Government and is deeply regretted. 
 
 Sept. 1 — Letter from Ambassador von Bernstorflf to 
 Secretary Lansing giving assurance that German sub- 
 marines will sink no more liners without warning. 
 Indorsed by the German Foreign Office (Sept. 14). 
 
 Sept. 4 — Allan liner Hesperian sunk by German sub- 
 marine; 26 lives lost, 1 American. 
 
 Sept. 7 — German Government sends report on the sink- 
 ing of the Arabic. 
 
 Sept. S — LTnited States demands recall of Austro- 
 Hungarian Ambassador, Dr. Dumba. 
 
 Sept. 14 — United States sends summary of evidence in 
 regard to Arabic. 
 
 Sept. 18 — Fall of Vilna; end of Russian retreat. 
 
 Sept. 25-Oct. — French offensive in Champagne fails to 
 break through German lines. 
 
 Sept. 27 — British progress in the neighborhood of Loos. 
 
 Oct. 4 — Russian ultimatum to Bulgaria. 
 
 Oct. 5 — Allied forces land at Salonica, at the Invita- 
 tion of the Greek Government. 
 
 Oct. 5 — German Government regrets and disavows sink- 
 ing of Arabic and is prepared to pay indemnities. 
 
 Oct. 6-Dec. 2 — Austro-German-Bulgarian conquest of 
 Serbia. Fall of Nish (Nov. 5), of Prizrend (Nov. 
 30), of Monastir (Dec. 2). 
 
 Oct. 14 — Great Britain declared war against Bulgaria. 
 
 Oct. 20 — German note on the evidence in the Arabic 
 case. 
 
 Nov. 10 — Russian farces advance on Teheran as a re- 
 sult of pro-German activities in Persia. 
 
 Dec. 1 — British, under Gen. Townshend, forced to re- 
 treat from Ctesiphon to Kut-el-Amara. 
 
 Dec. 4 — Lhiited States Government demands recall of 
 Capt. Karl Boy-Ed, German naval attache, and Capt. 
 Franz von Papen, military attache. 
 
 Dec. 6 — Germans captured Ipek (Montenegro). 
 
 Dec. 10 — Boy-Ed and von Papen recalled. 
 
 Dec. 13 — British defeat Arabs on western frontier of 
 Egypt. 
 
 Dec. 15 — Sir John French retired from command of 
 the army in France and Flanders, and is succeeded 
 by Sir Douglas Haig. 
 
 Dec. 17 — Russians occupied Hamadan (Persia). 
 
 Dec. 19 — The British forces withdrawn from Anzac and 
 Sulva Bay (Galipoli Peninsula). 
 
 Dec. 26 — Russian forces in Persia occupied Kashan. 
 
 Dec. 30 — British passenger steamer Persia sunk in Med- 
 iterranean, presumably by submarine. 
 
 1916 
 
 Jan. 8 — Complete evacuation of Gallipoli. 
 
 Jan. 13 — Fall of Cettinje, capital of Montenegro. 
 
 Jan. IS — United States Government sets forth a decla- 
 ration of principles regarding submarine attacks and 
 asks whether the Governments of the Allies would 
 subscribe to such an agreement. 
 
 Jan. 28 — Austrians occupy San Giovanni de Medici (Al- 
 bania). 
 
 Feb. 10 — Germany sends memorandum to neutral pow- 
 ers that armed merchant ships will be treated as 
 warships and will be sunk without warning. 
 
 Feb. 15 — Secretary Lansing makes statement that by 
 international law commercial vessels have right to 
 carry arms in self-defense. 
 
 Feb. 16 — Germany sends note acknowledging her lia- 
 bility in the Lusitania affair. 
 
 — Kamerun (Africa) conquered. 
 
 Feb. 21-July — Battle of Verdun. Germans take Fort 
 Douaumont (Feb. 25). Great losses of Germans with 
 little results. Practically all the ground lost was 
 slowly regained by the French in the autumn. 
 
 Feb. 24" — President Wilson in letter to Senator Stone 
 refuses to advise American citizens not to travel on 
 armed merchant ships. 
 
 Feb. 27 — Russians captured Kermanshah (Persia). 
 
March 8 — German Ambassador communicates memo- 
 randum regarding U-boat question, stating it is a 
 new weapon not yet regulated by international law. 
 
 March 8 — Germany declares war on Portugal. 
 
 March 19 — Russians entered Ispalian (Persia). 
 
 March 24 — French steamer Sussex i= torpedoed with- 
 out warning ; about 80 passengers, including Ameri- 
 can citizens, are killed or wounded. 
 
 March 25 — Department of State issues memorandum in 
 regard to armed merchant vessels in neutral ports 
 and on the high seas. 
 
 March 27-29 — United States Government instructs 
 American Ambassador in Berlin, to inquire into sink- 
 ing of Sussex and other vessels. 
 
 April 10 — German Government replies to United States 
 notes of March 27, 28, 29, on the sinking of Sussex 
 and other vessels. 
 
 April 17 — Russians capture Trebizond. 
 
 April 18 — United States delivers what is considered an 
 ultimatum that unless Germany abandons present 
 methods of submarine warfare United States will 
 sever diplomatic relations. 
 
 April 19 — President addressed Congress on relations 
 with Germany. 
 
 April 24-May 1 — Insurrection in Ireland. 
 
 April 29 — Gen. Townshend surrendered to the Turks 
 before Kut-el-Amara. 
 
 May 4 — Reply of Germany acknowledges sinking of 
 the Sussex and in the main meets demands of the 
 United States. 
 
 May 8 — United States Government accepts German po- 
 sition as outlined in note of May 4, but makes it clear 
 that the fulfilment of these conditions cannot de- 
 pend upon the negotiations between the United States 
 and any other belligerent Govermnent. 
 
 May 16-June 3 — Great Austrian attack on the Italians 
 through the Trentino. 
 
 May 19 — Russians join British on the Tigris. 
 
 May 24 — Military service (conscription) bill becomes 
 law in Great Britain. 
 
 May 27 — President in address before League to En- 
 force Peace says United States is ready to join any 
 practical league for preserving peace and guarantee- 
 ing political and territorial integrity of nations. 
 
 May 31 — Naval battle ofY Jutland. 
 
 June 4-30 — Russian offensive in Volhynia and Buko- 
 wina. Czcrnovitz taken (June 17) ; all Bukowina 
 overrun. 
 
 June 5 — Lord Kitchener drowned. 
 
 June 21 — United States demands apology and repara- 
 tion from Austria-Hungary for sinking by Austrian 
 submarine of Petrolite, an American vessel. 
 
 July 1-Nov. — Battle of the Somme. Combles taken 
 (Sept. 26). Failure of the Allies to break the Ger- 
 man lines. 
 
 Aug. 6-Sept. — New Italian offensive drives out Aus- 
 trians and wins Gorizia (Aug. 9). 
 
 Aug. 27 — Italy declares war on Germany. 
 
 Aug. 27-Jan. 15 — Roumania enters war on the side 
 of the Allies and is crushed. (Fall of Bucharest, 
 Dec. 6; Dobrudja conquered Jan. 2; Focsani captured 
 Jan. 8.) 
 
 Sept. 7 — Senate ratifies purchase of Danish West In- 
 dies. 
 
 Oct. 8 — German submarine appears off American coast 
 and sinks British passenger steamer Stepliano. 
 
 Oct. 28 — British steamer Marina sunk without warning 
 (6 Americans lost). 
 
 Nov. 6 — British liner Arabia torpedoed and sunk with- 
 out warning in Mediterranean. 
 
 Nov. 29 — United States protests against Belgian de- 
 portations. 
 
 Dec. 5-6 — Fall of Asquitli Ministry; Lloyd George new 
 
 Prime Minister. 
 Dec. 12 — German peace offer. Refused (Dec. 30) by 
 Allies as "empty and insincere." 
 
 Dec. 14 — British horse transport ship Russian sunk in 
 Mediterranean by submarine (17 Americans lost). 
 
 Dec. 20 — President Wilson's peace note (dated Dec. 
 18). Germany replies (Dec. 26). Entente Allies' 
 reply (Jan. 10) demands "restoration, reparation, 
 indemnities." 
 
 1917 
 
 Jan. 10 — The Allied Governments state their terms of 
 peace ; a separate note from Belgiuin included. 
 
 Jan. 11 — Supplemented German note on views as to set- 
 tlement of war. 
 
 Jan. 13 — Great Britain ainplifies reply to President's 
 note of Dec. 18. Favors co-operation to preserve 
 peace. 
 
 Jan. 22 — President Wilson addresses the Senate, giv- 
 ing his ideas of steps necessary for world peace. 
 
 Jan. 31 — Germany announces unrestricted submarine 
 warfare in specified zones. 
 
 Feb. 3 — L'nited States severs diploiuatic relations with 
 Germany; Bern.storff dismissed. 
 
 Feb. 12 — L'nited States replied to Swiss Mmister that 
 it will not ne.gotiate with Germany until submarine 
 order is withdrawn. 
 
 Feb. 18 — Italians and French join in Albania, cutting 
 oiif Greece from the Central Powers. 
 
 Feb. 24 — Kut-el-Amara taken by British, under Gen. 
 Maude (campaign begun Dec. 13). 
 
 Feb. 26 — President Wilson asks authority to arm mer- 
 chant ships. 
 
 Feb. 28 — "Zimmerman note" revealed. 
 
 March 4 — Announced that the British had taken over 
 from the French the entire Somme front ; British 
 held on west front 100 miles, French 175 miles, Bel- 
 gians 25 miles. 
 
 March 11 — Bagdad captured by British, under Gen. 
 Maude. 
 
 March 11-15 — Revolution in Russia, leading to abdi- 
 cation of Czar Nicholas II (March 15). Provisional 
 Government formed by Constitutional Democrats, 
 under Prince Lvoft' and M. Milyukoff. 
 
 March 12 — Lbiited States announced that an armed 
 guard would be placed on all American merchant ves- 
 sels sailing through the war zone. 
 
 March 17-19 — Retirement of Germans to "Hindenburg 
 line." Evacuation of 1,300 square miles of French 
 territory, on front of 100 miles, from Arras to Sois- 
 sons. 
 
 March 22 — LTnited States formally recognized the new 
 Government of Russia set up as a result of the revo- 
 lution. 
 
 March 2(5 — The United States refused the proposal of 
 Germany to interpret and supplement the Prussian 
 Treaty of 1799. 
 
 March 27 — Minister Brand Whitlock and American 
 Relief Commission withdrawn from Belgium. 
 
 April 2 — President Wilson asks Congress to declare 
 the existence of a state of war with Germany. 
 
 April (> — United States declares war on Germany. 
 
 April S — Austria-Hungary severs diplomatic relations 
 with the United States. 
 
 April 9-May 14 — British successes in Battle of Arras 
 (Vimy Ridge taken April 9^. 
 
 April 16-May 6 — French successes in Battle of the 
 Aisne between Soissons and Rheiins. 
 
 April 20 — Turkey severs relations with United States. 
 
 May 4 — American destroyers begin co-operation with 
 British Navy in war zone. 
 
 May 15-Sept. 15 — Great Italian offensive on Isonzo 
 front (Carso Plateau). Capture of Gorizia (Aug. 
 9). Monte Santo taken Aug. 24. Monte San Gabri- 
 elle, Sept. 14. 
 
 May 15 — Gen. Petain succeeds Gen. Nivelle as com- 
 mander in chief of the French armies. 
 
 May 17 — Russian Provisional Governmc'i reconstructed. 
 Kerensky (former Minister of Justice) becomes 
 Minister of War. Milyukoff resigns. 
 
 May l8 — President Wilson signs Selective Service Act. 
 
 Ill 
 
June 3 — American mission to Russia lands at Vladi- 
 vostok ("Root Mission"). Returns to America 
 Aug. 3. 
 
 June 7 — British blow up Messines Ridge, south of 
 Ypres, and capture T,.500 German prisoners. 
 
 June 10 — Italian offensive on Trentino. 
 
 June 12 — King Constantine of Greece forced to abdi- 
 cate. 
 
 June 15 — Subscriptions close for First Liberty Loan 
 ($3,000,000,000 offered; $3,035,226,850 subscribed). 
 
 June 26 — First American troops reach France. 
 
 June 29 — Greece enters war against Germany and her 
 allies. 
 
 July 1 — Russian Army, led in person by Kerensky, be- 
 gins a short-line offensive in Galicia, ending in disas- 
 trous retreat (July 19- Aug. 3). 
 
 July 4 — Resignation of Bethmann-Hollweg as German 
 Chancellor. Dr. George Michaelis, Chancellor (July 
 14). 
 
 July 20 — Drawing at Washington of names for first 
 army under selective service. 
 
 July 20 — Kerensky becomes Premier on resignation 
 of Prince Lvoff. 
 
 July 30 — Mutiny in German fleet at Wilhelmshaven and 
 Kiel, Second mutiny, Sept. 2. 
 
 July 31-Nov. — Battle of Flanders (Passchendaele 
 Ridge) ; British successes. 
 
 Aug. 10 — Food and Fuel Control Bill passed. 
 
 Aug. 15 — Peace proposals of Pope Benedict revealed 
 (dated Aug. 1). United States replies, Aug. 27; 
 Germany and Austria, Sept. 21 ; supplementary Ger- 
 man reply, Sept. 26. 
 
 Aug. 15 — Canadians capture Hill 70, dominating Lens. 
 
 Aug. 19 — New Italian drive on the Isonzo front (Carso 
 Plateau). Monte Santo captured (Aug. 24). 
 
 Aug. 20-24 — French attacks at Verdun recapture high 
 ground lost in 1910. 
 
 Sept. 3 — Riga captured by Germans. 
 
 Sept. 8 — Luxburg despatches ("spurlos versenkt") re- 
 vealed by United States. 
 
 Sept. 10-13 — Attempted coup d'etat of Gen. Korniloff. 
 
 Sept. 15 — Russia proclaimed a republic. 
 
 Oct. 12 — Germans occupy Oesel and Dago Islands (Gulf 
 of Riga). 
 
 Oct. 17 — Russians defeated in a naval engagement in 
 the Gulf of Riga. 
 
 Oct. 24-Dec. — Great German-Austrian counter drive in- 
 to Italy. Italian line shifted to Piave River, Asiago 
 Plateau, and Brenta River. 
 
 Oct. 23-26 — French drive north of the Aisne wins im- 
 portant positions, including Malmaison Fort. 
 
 Oct. 26 — Brazil declares war on Germany. 
 
 Oct. 27— Second Liberty Loan closed ($3,000,000,000 
 offered; $4,617,532,300 subscribed). 
 
 Oct. 30 — Count von Hertling succeeds Michaelis as 
 German Chancellor. 
 
 Nov. 2— Germans retreat from the Chemin des Dames, 
 north of the Aisne. 
 
 Nov. 3 — First clash of Americans with Gerrnan soldiers. 
 
 Nov. 7 — Overthrow of Kerensky and Provisional Gov- 
 ernment of Russia by the Bolsheviki. 
 
 Nov. 13 — Clemenceau succeeds Ribot as French Pre- 
 mier. 
 
 Nov. 18 — British forces in Palestine take Jaffa. 
 
 Nov. 22-Dec. 13 — Battle of Cambrai. Successful sur- 
 prise attack near Cambrai by British, under Gen. 
 Byng, on Nov. 22 (employs "tanks" to break down 
 wire entanglements in place of the usual artillery 
 preparations). Bourlon Wood, dominating Cambrai, 
 taken Nov. 26. Surprise counter attack by Ger- 
 mans, Dec. 2, compels British to give up fourth of 
 ground gained. German attacks on Dec. 13 partly 
 successful. 
 
 Nov. 29 — First olenary session of the Inter-Allied Con- 
 ference in r,^-!s. Sixteen nations represented. Col. 
 E. M. House, Chairman of American delegation. 
 
 Dec. 5 — President Wilson, in message to Congress, ad- 
 vises war on Austria. 
 
 Dec. 6 — United States destroyer Jacob Jones sunk by 
 submarine, with loss of over 60 American men. 
 
 — Explosion of munitions vessel wrecks Halifax. 
 
 Dec. 6-9 — Armed revolt overthrows pro-Ally Admin- 
 istration in Portugal. 
 
 Dec. 7 — United States declares war on Austria-Hun- 
 gary. 
 
 Dec. 9 — Jerusalem captured by British force advanc- 
 ing from Egypt. 
 
 Dec. 10 — Gens. Kaledines and Korniloff declared by 
 the Bolshevik Government to be leading a Cossack 
 revolt. 
 
 Dec. 13 — Berlin announces armistice negotiations with 
 Russia begin Dec. 14. 
 
 — German aerial bombs kill several United States rail- 
 way engineers, and two engineers die from gunshot 
 wounds. 
 
 — Chinese troops arrive at Harbin, Manchuria, oust 
 Russians and prevent Bolsheviki gaining control of 
 city. 
 
 Dec. 14 — Austro-German forces on Italian front win 
 a sector. 
 
 — Premier Lloyd George in speech to lawyers at Gray's 
 Inn declares England in accord with President Wil- 
 son's statement of war aims. 
 
 — Cuban Senate declares state of war with Austria- 
 Hungary. 
 
 Dec. 15 — Inter-Allied Economic Council, Great Britain 
 France and Italy represented, organizes in London, 
 elects Assistant Secretary of United States Treasury 
 Oscar T. Crosby, President. 
 
 — Armistice agreement between Bolshevik Government 
 and Central Powers signed at Brest-Litovsk. 
 
 Dec. 16 — Explosion in Zeppelin works at Friedrichs- 
 hafen kills and injures many. 
 
 — Zeppelin bomb factory near Kiel is destroyed by ex- 
 plosion. 
 
 Dec. 17 — German raid in North Sea destroys convoyed 
 merchant fleet (1 British, 5 neutral ships), a British 
 destroyer and 4 armed trawlers ; a cruiser squadron 
 picks up survivors. 
 
 — United States submarine F-3 Tams and sinks United 
 States submarine F-1, in American waters (19 lives 
 lost). 
 
 Dec. 18 — Sixteen to twenty large German Gothas raid 
 London, kill 10, injure 70; two of the raiders are 
 brought down. 
 
 Dec. 19 — British Admiralty reports past week's U boat 
 losses — 17 merchantmen (14 over 1,600 tons), 1 fish- 
 ing vessel. 
 
 — Official report received in Washington, D. C, from 
 France, says the Turks sent to Berlin the monstrance 
 of brilliants, and carried off the treasure of the 
 Church of the Holy Sepulcher, before surrendering 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 Dec. 20 — Germans claim 8,390 prisoners on Italian front 
 since Dec. 11. 
 
 — Premier Lloyd George addresses House of Commons 
 on Britain's peace terms. 
 
 Dec. 22 — British armed steamship Stephen Furness is 
 sunk in Irish Channel by German submarine. 
 
 — At Essen, Germany, explosion in electric power sta- 
 tion in Krupp plant causes a 23-hour fire. 
 
 — Three British destroyers are sunk off Dutch coast 
 by mines or torpedoes ; 193 lives lost. 
 
 Dec. 23 — Gen. Guillaumat succeeds Sarrail as Com- 
 mander in Chief of Allied forces at Salonica. 
 
 Dec. 24 — Germans break through Italian positions in 
 Asiago sector but are stopped by counter attacks 
 near Buso Monte Salbella. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Mannheim on the Rhine. 
 
 Dec. 25 — Berlin reports capture on Italian front of 
 Col del Rosso and 9,000 prisoners. 
 
 — France and Germany agree through Swiss Govern- 
 ment for exchange of prisoners of 48 years or over, 
 officers to be interned in Switzerland. 
 
 IV 
 
Dec. 26 — At Harbin, Manchuria, Russian Maximalist 
 troops surrender to Chinese, after a fight. 
 
 — Vice Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss appointed First 
 Sea Lord of the AdmiraUy, succeeding Sir John R. 
 Jellicoe. 
 
 Dec. 27— Turkish army defeated by British in attempt 
 to retake Jerusalem. 
 
 Dec. 28 — Three British torpedo boat destroyers sunk 
 either by mines or torpedoes off coast of Holland ; 
 13 officers, ISO men lost. 
 
 Dec. 30 — Fighting renewed on Cambrai front. 
 
 —Gen. Allenby's forces occupy Bireh, 8% miles north of 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 — In Monte Tomba sector, Italy, French forces pierce 
 German lines, capture 1,400 prisoners, 60 machine 
 guns, 7 cannon and large quantity of other war ma- 
 terial. 
 
 — British transport torpedoed in Eastern Mediterran- 
 ean; loss 800; British destroyer picking up survivors 
 also sunk. 
 
 Dec. 31 — Mercantile fleet au.xiliary Osmanieh sunk by 
 a mine. 
 
 — British Food Controller, Baron Rhondda, orders ra- 
 tioning of sugar — Vz pound per capita, per week, ob- 
 tained by card. 
 
 1918 
 
 Jan. 2— Between Lens and St. Quentin German raids 
 on British lines repulsed with heavy enemy losses. 
 — Austro-German invaders defeated in thrust at Ven- 
 ice. 
 — Five enemy airplanes are brought down on Italian 
 
 front. 
 — Germany demands of Russia, Poland, Courland, Es- 
 
 thonia and Lithuania. 
 — Ale.xandrovsk occupied by Cossacks without resis- 
 tance. 
 — Marie Corelli, novelist, fined by British Food Con- 
 troller for having too much sugar. 
 Jan. 4 — Lieut. "Hobey" Baker, former Princeton foot- 
 ball captain, brings down German airplane in his 
 first war flight. 
 Jan. 5 — In speech to trades unions Lloyd George sets 
 
 forth Great Britain's war aims. 
 Jan. 7 — In mutiny at Kiel, German naval base subma- 
 rine crews kill 3S of their officers. 
 — British patrol boats capture 2 German submarines 
 
 ofif Canary Islands. 
 — Earl Reading, Lord Chief Justice of England, ap- 
 pointed British High Commissioner to United States. 
 — British War Office states captures and losses during 
 1917; captures, prisoners on all fronts, 114,544; guns, 
 781 ; losses, prisoners, 28,370 ; guns, 166. 
 Jan. 8 — Italian Government prohibits making and sale 
 
 of cake, confectionery and pastry. 
 Jan. 9 — British destroyer Raccoon strikes rock on Irish 
 
 coast and is lost, with crew of 10.5. 
 —British hospital ship Rewa torpedoed in British Chan- 
 nel ; three of crew missing; wounded soldiers safely 
 landed. 
 — British Admiralty reports for past week — arrivals. 
 2,085; sailings, 2,244; merchantmen sunk, 21 (18 over 
 1,600 tons) ; 4 fishing vessels. 
 Jan. 12 — Two British torpedo boat destroyers lost on 
 
 Scotch coast, but one man saved. 
 — United States steamship Nyanza sinks a German 
 
 submarine. 
 Jan. 13 — Italian airmen drop 2 tons of explosives on 
 storehouses and encampments at Primolano, an im- 
 portant railway station. 
 — French War Minister puts postal and telegraph serv- 
 ice under military control. 
 — Premier Clemenceau orders arrest in Paris of for- 
 mer Premier Caillaux on charge of treason. 
 Jan. 14 — British airplanes drop bombs on steel works 
 at Thionville, between Luxemburg and Metz, and on 
 two large railway junctions near Metz. 
 
 — Germans bombard Yarmouth, killing 3. 
 — Attempt is made to shoot Russian Premier Lenine. 
 Jan. 18 — Prussian Chamber of Lords reaffirms exclu- 
 sive right of German Emperor to make war or peace. 
 ^Premier Lloyd George addressing Trades Union Con- 
 ference, declares "We must either go on or go un- 
 der." 
 Jan. 20 — British Admiralty announces sinking in ac- 
 tion at entrance to Dardanelles Turkish cruiser Mi- 
 dulla, formerly the German Breslau, and beaching 
 the Sultan Yawuz Selim, formerly German Goeben ; 
 the British losing monitor Raglan and small monitor 
 M-28; British lose 178 men; Turks, 198. 
 — Ostend bombarded by Allied naval forces. 
 Jan. 21 — On French front Allied airplanes bomb Cour- 
 trai, Roulers and Rumbeke, and raiding into Germany, 
 bomb steel works at Thionville and railway sidings 
 at Bernstoff and Arnaville. 
 — Armed boarding steamer Louvain sunk in Mediter- 
 ranean; 217 lost. 
 —Sir Edward Carson, Minister without portfolio, re- 
 signs from British War Cabinet. 
 
 Petrograd reports murders of A. I. Shingareff and 
 
 Prof. F. F. Kokoshkine, Kerensky Minister of Fi- 
 nance and State Comptroller. 
 . — Washington reports abandonment of Gen. von Falk- 
 enhayn's plan to reorganize Turkish army because of 
 desertion of 160,000 Turkish troops between Constan- 
 tinople and Palestine. 
 —Gen. Szetezair Boroevic. a Slav, succeeds Archduke 
 Charles as commander of Austrian forces on Italian 
 front. 
 Jan. 22— Baron Rhondda, British Food Controller, de- 
 crees Tuesdays and Fridays to be meatless days m 
 London district; Wednesdays and Fridays in other 
 parts of kingdom. 
 Jan. 2.3 — Germans gain footing east of Nieuport, but 
 
 are expelled in counter attack. 
 Jan. 24 — On Monte Tomba front Germans move de- 
 fense lines back from Piave River westward to Monte 
 Spinoncia. 
 —British airmen raid railway stations at Courtrai and 
 Ledeghem. Belgium, and at Douai, France; Mann- 
 heim on the Rhine, steel works at Thionville, rail- 
 way stations at Saarbrucken and Oberbillig; 7 Ger- 
 man machines are brought down, 5 driven out of 
 control. . 
 
 Jan. 25— Count von Hertling discusses President Wil- 
 son's programme of war and peace in Reichstag, and 
 outlines Germany's peace terms. 
 —In address to Foreign Afifairs, Committee of Reichs- 
 rat. Count Czernin, Foreign Minister, outlines Austro- 
 Hungarian proposals. 
 Jan. 26— In past week British lose 9 ships of over 1,600 
 
 tons by submarines. 
 Austrian airmen bomb Treviso and Mestre, 2 Ameri- 
 cans killed. 
 —Germans claim to have downed 25 Allied machines 
 
 by gunfire in 4 days. 
 -Emperor Charles, as King of Hungary, accepts res- 
 ignation of Hungarian cabinet and directs Premier 
 Dr. Wekerle to form a new one. 
 Jan. 27— Cunarder Andania torpedoed off the Ulster 
 
 coast. 
 Jan. 28— In Italian offensive east of Asiago Plateau 
 Italian forces capture Col del Rosso and Col d'Echele, 
 and 1,500 prisoners. 
 —The Irish steamship Cork sunk by torpedo; 12 lost. 
 — Roumanians capture Kishineff, capital of Bessarabia. 
 —French Chamber of Deputies decrees a per diem 
 
 bread ration of 300 grams (about 11 ounces). 
 Jan. 29— latlians break German lines east of Asiago 
 Plateau and disperse reinforcements; take Monte di 
 Val Bella, 2,600 prisoners, 100 machine guns. 
 —Allied aviators attack Zeebrugge. 
 — German airplanes raid London, kill 47, injure 169. 
 Jan. 30— British line advances near Antioch in Pales- 
 tine. 
 
Jan. 30 — Armed escort vessel Mechanician torpedoed in 
 English Channel, 13 men lost. 
 
 — Germans make air raid on Paris, kill 36, injure 190. 
 
 — Since launching of unrestricted submarine warfare, 
 on Feb. 1, 1917, 69 United States ships (171,061 gross 
 tons) have been sunk by submarines, mines and raid- 
 ers ; 300 persons drowned ; 107 German and Austrian 
 ships (686,494 gross tons) in United States ports 
 have been seized; 426 vessels (2,000,(X)0 tons) requi- 
 sitioned bv Shipping Board. Great Britain lost from 
 Jan. 1, 1917, to Jan. 26, 1918, 1,169 ships. Total ton- 
 nage lost bv Allies and neutrals in same period, 
 6,617,000. 
 
 — London reports strikes in Berlin and incendiary fires 
 in Vienna. 
 
 Jan, 31 — It is for the first time announced that United 
 States troops are occupying first line trenches. Ger- 
 mans raid American line, kill 2, wound 4, 1 missing. 
 
 — British penetrate Mukhmas in Palestine. 
 
 Feb. 1 — War Trade Board's regulations to prevent 
 goods leaving United States in neutral bottoms and 
 to make it impossible for ships to supply submarines 
 go into effect. 
 
 —Major Gen. Peyton C. March made Chief of General 
 Staff. Italians advance to head of Melago Valley. 
 Roumanians occupy KishinefF. Bolsheviki seize Rou- 
 manian ships in Black Sea ; capture Odessa and Oren- 
 burg. Tartars in Baxhchisarai announce establish- 
 ment of Crimean Republic. 
 
 Feb. 2 — Germans repulsed at Monte di Val Bella. 
 
 Feb. 3 — Germans bombard Lorraine sector ; kill 2 Amer- 
 icans; wound 9. 
 
 Feb. 4 — Trial begun at Paris of Bolo Pasha for trea- 
 son. Emperor Charles of Austria names Gens, von 
 Boehm-Ermolli and Boroevic Field Marshals. Can- 
 adian Fuel Controller orders factories to suspend 
 work Feb. 9, 10 and 11, and closes golf, yacht, canoe, 
 hunt and country clubs during February and March, 
 except on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Bolsheviki 
 take Niepin in Minsk. Petrograd Soviet decrees sep- 
 aration of church and state. Tartars occupy Yalta 
 in Taurida. and advance on Sebastopol. Austrian 
 airmen bomb Treviso, wreck church of San Lorenzo ; 
 kill 8 citizens. 
 
 Feb. 5 — United States steamer Alamance torpedoed; 
 6 of crew lost. 
 
 —Enemy airplanes bomb Venice, Mestre and Tre- 
 viso ; no casualties. Italians bring down 5 enemy 
 planes. 
 
 — United States transport Tuscania torpedoed off Irish 
 coast ; loss 101. 
 
 —That since beginning of war German U boats had 
 killed 14,120 British non-combatant men, women and 
 children is stated in House of Commons^ 
 
 Feb. 6 — Allied naval forces bombard Ostend. 
 
 — "Loyal" White Guards of Finland occupy Uleaborg 
 and Tammerfors. 
 
 ■ — Field Marshal von Mackensen sends ultimatum to 
 Roumanian Government, demanding peace negotia- 
 tions begin within 4 days ; Roumanian Cabinet re- 
 signs. 
 
 — Italian aviator drops a ton of bombs on hostile avia- 
 tion grounds at Molta di Livenza. 
 
 Feb. 7 — Spain protests to Germany against the looting 
 and torpedoing of Spanish steamer Giralda Jan. 26. 
 
 — Announcement made that steamship service between 
 Asiatic ports of Russia and Constantinople in Black 
 Sea had been resumed Jan. 11, and Russians were 
 supplying Turks with food. 
 
 —Swedish steamship Fridland, loaded with grain from 
 United States port, torpedoed ; 6 men killed. 
 
 Feb. 8 — White Guards of Finland capture Viborg. Uk- 
 rainians claim victory over Bolsheviki at Sarny. M. 
 Holubovicz named Premier of the Ukraine. Bolshe- 
 viki fail in attempt to occupy Kieff. Turkish For- 
 eign Minister Nessimy Bey, addressing Chamber of 
 Deputies, expresses accord with Czernin and Hert- 
 ling. 
 
 Feb. 9 — Central Powers and Ukraine sign peace treaty. 
 Madrid reports Spanish steamship Sebastian and Ital- 
 ian steamship Duca di Genova torpedoed in Spanish 
 waters. Poles capture Smolensk. Russia declares 
 state of war over and orders demobilization. 
 
 Feb. 11 — West of Brenta River Italians shatter violent 
 Austrian attack. 
 
 — Italian torpedo craft enter Buccari Bay and sink at 
 anchor largest Austrian steamer there. 
 
 Feb. 12 — The eighth session of the longest Parliament 
 in modern times opens in London. 
 
 — The British Government declines to recognize the 
 Brest-Litovsk treaty of peace. 
 
 — French air squadrons drop four tons of bombs on 
 railroad stations at Thionville, Conflans, Schemblez 
 and Metz-Sablon. 
 
 Feb. 13 — On western front United States batteries aid 
 in raid in Champagne district. 
 
 — Test vote in House of Commons sustains Lloyd 
 George. 
 
 — Sinking of Spanish ship Ceferino announced. 
 
 — The British Admiralty reports the week's losses bv 
 mine or submarine, 19 merchantmen, 13 over 1,600 
 tons, and 3 fishing craft. 
 
 — Rome reports 4 Italian merchantmen of over 1,600 
 tons sunk in week ending Feb. 9. 
 
 — The Norwegian Legation in London reports Nor- 
 way's loss of tonnage from the beginning of the war 
 to the end of January as 1,050,583 and 883 seamen. 
 
 Feb. 14 — Paris court martial finds Bolo Pasha guilty 
 of treason, sentences him to death, a co-defendant, 
 Filippo Cavallinie, under arrest in Italy, sentenced 
 to death. Darius Porchere sentenced to 3 years' im- 
 prisonment. 
 
 Feb. IS — The President issues proclamation making 
 foreign commerce of United States subject to license 
 control. 
 
 — A flotilla of German destroyers in the Straits of 
 Dover sink 8 British patrol boats. 
 
 • — Germany renews war on Russia. 
 
 Feb. 16 — In battle for Kieff Bolsheviki defeat L'krain- 
 ians. 
 
 — Sir William Robertson, Chief of British Imperial 
 Staff, resigns and is succeeded by Sir Henry H. Wil- 
 son. 
 
 — A German submarine bombards Dover, England. 
 
 Feb. 17 — Lord Northcliffe is appointed Director of 
 Propaganda in enemy countries. 
 
 — German aviators attack Dover, England and Dun- 
 kirk, France. 
 
 Feb. 16, 17 and 18 — German airplanes raid London, but 
 do little damage. 
 
 Feb. 18 — Petrograd despatch announces capture of Kieff 
 by Bolslieviki ; casualties, 4,000 killed, 7,000 wounded. 
 
 — The Bolsheviki pass decree that on Feb. 14 (old 
 style) Russian calendar shall be made to correspond 
 to English calendar, thus changing from old style to 
 new style. 
 
 Feb. 19 — Lloyd George addresses House of Commons, 
 refers to decision of Supreme War Council at Ver- 
 sailles, and to argument of American delegation for 
 unified leadership. 
 
 — Petrograd confirms report of seizure by Swedish 
 forces of Aland Islands, held by Bolshevik troops. 
 
 Feb. 20 — British Admiralty reports for week : .'Vrriv- 
 als, 2,322; sailings, 2,393; merchantmen sunk, IS (12 
 of more than 1,600 tons) ; 1 fishing vessel. During 
 the same week, Rome reports 2 steamships of 1,S(X) 
 tons lost and 1 sailing vessel. 
 
 Feb. 21 — An economic agreement wMth Spain is signed 
 in Madrid whereby Gen. Pershing gets mules and 
 army blankets in return for cotton and oil. 
 
 — London reports German troops advancing into Russia 
 on front extending from shores of Esthonia to south- 
 ern border of Volhynia ; Minsk entered and Rovno 
 taken. Germans said to have captured 9,125 prison- 
 ers, 1,353 cannon, 5,000 motor cars, 1,000 railroad 
 cars loaded with grain, airplanes and war material. 
 
 VI 
 
Feb. 21 — British troops occupy Jericho, 14 miles from 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 — United States steamship Philadelphian, with cargo of 
 foodstuffs, sunk by German submarine. 
 
 Feb. 22 — United States troops are in the Chemin des 
 Dames sector, the Aisne, France. 
 
 — United States War Trade Board secures agreement 
 with Norway's commissioners by which Norway 
 guarantees imports from United States will not Teach 
 Germany, and limits its own exports to that coun- 
 try. 
 
 — A Berlin despatch says the Ukraine and Germany 
 have signed peace treaty. 
 
 • — London reports Jericho occupied by British forces 
 with little opposition. 
 
 — Five Entente airmen bomb Innsbruck, capital of 
 Austrian Tyrol, hit German Consulate and soldiers' 
 trains. 
 
 — British aerial sciuadron bombard enemy aviation 
 grounds near Oderzo-Portogruare railway on Italian 
 front ; bring down i enemy planes. 
 
 Feb. 23 — The United States and Japanese Embassies 
 and Chinese, Siamese and Brizilian Legations leave 
 Petrograd for Vologda, 270 miles east of Petrograd. 
 
 — Madrid -reports Spanish steamer Mar Caspio sunk by 
 German submarine ; crew saved. 
 
 — Copenhagen reports capture by a British cruiser of 
 German steamship Diisseldorf. 
 
 —Edward J. Loughran of New York killed in aerial 
 combat with 4 enemy machines on western front. 
 
 Feb. 24 — London despatch says Bolshevik leaders have 
 accepted German peace conditions. Premier Lcnine 
 declares Russian Army is demoralized and refuses 
 to fight. 
 
 — More troops are sent to Ireland, west and south, to 
 repress outbreaks. 
 
 Feb. 2.5 — In speech to Reichstag Count von Hertling 
 intimates a partial agreement with the four principles 
 of peace enunciated by President Wilson, with res- 
 ervation that the principles must be recognized by 
 all states and peoples. 
 
 — A rationing system goes into effect for meat and but- 
 ter in London and adjoining districts. 
 
 Feb. 2f) — Roumania decides to make peace with Cen- 
 tral Powers. 
 
 — Madrid reports sinking of Spanish steamship Neguri 
 by German submarine. 
 
 — The British hospital ship Glenart Castle torpedoed 
 in Bristol Channel ; Red Cross doctors, nurses and 
 orderlies lost ; ;i4 saved out of 200 on board. 
 
 — British Air Ministry reports Royal Flying Corps on 
 western front Feb. 1.5 to 22, brought down 75 enemy 
 planes, drove 120 out of control ; 28 Allied machines 
 missing. 
 
 ■ — German airmen drop bombs on Venice in night raid, 
 the Royal Palace is struck and three churches dam- 
 aged, 1 person killed, 1.5 wounded. 
 
 Feb. 27 — Japan proposes joint inilitary operations with 
 Allies in Siberia to save military and other supplies. 
 
 — Mr. Balfour, British Foreign Secretary, says in 
 House of Commons he is unable to find any basis 
 for peace in Chancellor von Hertling's speech. 
 
 — British steamship Tiberia sunk by submarine; crew 
 saved. 
 
 — London reports losses by mines or submarines for 
 past week, 18 British merchantmen, 14 over 1,400 
 tons ; 7 fishing vessels. In previous week, 15, 12 over 
 1,600 tons. Week preceding that, 19, 13 over 1,600 
 tons. 
 
 March 1 — Gens. Kaledine and Korniloff defeated by 
 Bolsheviki near Rostof-on-Don. 
 
 — British armed mercantile cruiser Calgarian torpedoed 
 and sunk off the Irish coast, with loss of 2 officers, 
 46 men. 
 
 — Germans reach Dnieper River, 400 miles south of 
 Petrograd, 280 miles north of Kieff. 
 
 — German torpedo boat and two mine sweepers sunk 
 by mines off Vlieland Island. 
 
 —Major Gen. Peyton C. March, United States Chief 
 of Staff, arrives at New York from France. 
 
 — United States war cost for February $1,002,878,608 
 (loans to Allies, $325,000,000). 
 
 March 2 — Kieff, held by Bolsheviki since Feb. 8, oc- 
 cupied by German and Ukrainian troops. 
 
 March .3 — By treaty of peace with four Central Pow- 
 ers signed at Brest-Litovsk. Bolsheviki agree to evac- 
 uate L'krania, Esthonia, and Livonia, Finland, the 
 Aland Islands and Trans-Caucasian districts of Eri- 
 van, Kars and Batum. 
 
 — Sweden protests against German occupation of Fin- 
 land. 
 
 — Germans claim to have captured in Russian advance 
 6,800 officers, 57,000 men, 2,400 guns, 5,000 machine 
 guns. 800 locomotives and thousands of motor vehi- 
 cles and trucks. 
 
 March 4 — Germany and Finland sign treaty. 
 
 — British, French and Italian Ambassadors in Tokio 
 ask Japan to safeguard Allied interests in Siberia. 
 
 — Norwegian steamship Havna (1,150 tons) torpedoed 
 by German submarine without warning; 9 die from 
 exposure. 
 
 — Washington announces building of $35,000,000 ord- 
 nance base in France. 
 
 March 5 — In Lorraine sector United States troops of 
 "Rainbow Division" (New York City) repel Gennan 
 raid and take prisoners. 
 
 — Roumania signs preliminary treaty with Central Pow- 
 ers ; gives up Dobrudja to the Danube; agrees to 
 certain economic measures and trade route to Black 
 Sea. 
 
 March 6 — United States troops hold 4% miles of battle 
 front "somewhere in France." 
 
 — British Admiralty reports for past week: 18 mer- 
 chantmen sunk (12, 1,600 tons or over). 
 
 — Capt. Sato Yamamoto, Japanese Naval Attache in 
 Rome, arrives in New York City, reports 15 U boats 
 destroyed in Mediterranean last month by United 
 States, Japanese, British, French and Italian destroy- 
 ers. 
 
 March 7 — German airplanes raid London at night ; kill 
 11, injure 46. 
 
 — British Chancellor of Exchequer in House of Com- 
 mons moves credit of $3,000,000,000, states that at 
 end of March national debt will be $29,500,000,000; 
 loans to Allies total $6,320,000,000. 
 
 March 8 — In Ypres-Dixmude sector Germans attack 
 on mile front ; English counter attack. 
 
 — Spanish Cabinet resigns. 
 
 March 9 — Germans advance north of Poelderhoek take 
 200 yards of trenches ; British win back lost ground 
 and repulse raid east of Neuve Chapelle. 
 
 — On Lorraine front United States forces bombard and 
 obliterate over a mile of German trenches. 
 
 — United States casualty list shows; Killed in action, 
 19 ; from gas, 2 ; in aero accidents, 2 ; auto accident, 
 1 ; of disease, 13 ; severely wounded, 26 ; slightly 
 wounded, 36. 
 
 — Russian capital moves from Petrograd to Moscow. 
 
 — British forces m Palestine advance about a mile and 
 three-quarters on 12-miIe front. 
 
 — Italian aircraft bombard enemy supply station near 
 Oderzo. 
 
 March 10 — United States War Department announces 
 presence of Americans on Lorraine front, in Cham- 
 pagne, in Alsace, near Luneville, and in Aisne sector. 
 
 — British occupy Hit in Mesopotamia; Turks retire 
 22 miles up the Euphrates to Khan Baghdadi; British 
 airplanes bomb retreating Turks. 
 
 — Guildford Castle, British hospital ship, torpedoed in 
 English Channel ; no one lost. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Daimler works at Stuttgart. 
 
 March 11 — United States troops go over the top at 
 Toul and return without loss. 
 
 VII 
 
Mar. 11 — President Wilson sends message to Congress 
 of Soviets, expresses sympathy with Russian people ; 
 says United States will take every opportunity to se- 
 cure for Russia complete sovereignty and independ- 
 ence. 
 
 — German air raid on Paris kills 29 ; 4 German machines 
 are brought down by gun fire ; 15 German aviators 
 killed or made prisoner. 
 
 — In air fighting 10 German machines brought down 
 on western front, 7 disabled, 2 British machines fail 
 to return. 
 
 — French airmen destroy 3 German aircraft, bring down 
 3 bombing planes, disable 1. 
 
 —In air raid on Naples 7 in hospital killed, 9 civilians 
 wounded. 
 
 March 12 — Three Zeppelins raid northeast coast of 
 England. 
 
 — In Toul sector United States artillery discover and 
 blow to pieces German gas projectors, upsetting plans 
 for gas attack. 
 
 — Paris Court of Revision rejects Bole Pasha's appeal 
 from death sentence. 
 
 —German air ships attack Yorkshire coast; no casual- 
 ties. 
 
 — London announces release by German Government 
 from special imprisonment of Aviators Lieuts. Scholtz 
 and Woolsey. under threat of reprisal. 
 
 -British air raid on Coblenz, Germany, kills 50. 
 
 March 13 — German troops enter Odessa and control 
 Black Sea: take 15 Russian warships. 
 
 —Dr. Walter T. Scheele. indicted in New York in 1916 
 for alleged placing of bombs on Allied ships in New 
 York Harbor, arrested in Cuba and deported from 
 Havana in custody of United States detectives. 
 
 — London reports unarmed British schooner Nanny 
 Wignall sunk by German submarine off Irish coast. 
 
 — British flyers bomb munition works and barracks at 
 Freyburg. Germany, and Bruges docks. 
 
 — British Admiralty reports week's losses by mine or 
 submarine: 18 merchantmen (15 of 1.600 tons or 
 over) ; 1 fishing vessel. Arrivals, 2,046 : sailings, 
 2,062 : merchantmen unsuccessfully attacked. S. 
 
 — Richthofen, German aviator, achieved sixty-fifth vic- 
 tory. 
 
 — German aircraft raid London ; kill 1 man, 1 woman. 
 3 children: injure 3 men, 1 woman, 5 children; 6 
 houses destroyed ; 30 damaged. 
 
 — German Government announces American property 
 in Germany will be seized in reprisal for seizing of 
 German property in United States. 
 
 — Phelps Collins of Detroit, Mich., member of Lafayette 
 Flying Corps, killed in air fight on French front. 
 
 March 14 — Gen. Pershing's men make first permanent 
 advance, occupy evacuated trenches northeast of Bad- 
 onvillers. 
 
 — David E. Putnam of Brookline, Mass., of Lafayette 
 Escadrille, attacks 3 enemy airplanes, brings down 1, 
 drives 2 to flight. 
 
 — Copenhagen reports sinking of 2 Norwegian steam- 
 ers, Skrymer (1,475 tons) and Estrella (1,757 tons). 
 
 — Germans occupy Abo, on Finland coast, west of Hel- 
 singfors. 
 
 March 15 — German submarine sinks Danish steamship 
 Randelsberg (1,551 tons) outside of German danger 
 zone. 
 
 — Allied airplanes bomb barracks, munition factories 
 and railway station at Zweibriicken ; 12 enemy planes 
 brought down ; no British machines missing. 
 
 March 16 — French raid at Bethincourt Wood on 1,700 
 yard front to depth of 900 yards; take 160 prisoners, 
 including several officers. 
 
 March 17 — Germans announce Entente airmen made 
 23 attacks on German Rhine towns in February; 12 
 persons killed; 36 injured: attacks made also on in- 
 dustrial districts in Lorraine, Luxemburg, Saar and 
 Moselle. 
 
 — British airmen attack barracks and railwaj' station 
 at Kaiserlautern, Bavaria. 
 
 March IS — Great Britain and United States take over 
 Dutch shipping in United States and British ports. 
 
 — Belgians take over Flanders coast sector. 
 
 March 19 — French troops penetrate German line near 
 Rheims. Portuguese raid trenches east of Neuve 
 Chapelle, take prisoners and guns. German raids 
 near Fleurbaix and Bois Grenier repulsed. Ger- 
 man forces continue advance in Russia, ignoring arm- 
 istice. The Parliamentary Secretary of War reports 
 in British House of Commons that since October, 
 1917, British airmen have made 38 raids into German 
 territory, dropping 48 tons of bombs. London de- 
 spatch says German lost in air fighting: in January, 
 292 planes; in February, 273; in 17 days of March, 
 278. 
 
 • — United States Expeditionary Force casualties to date : 
 Killed in action, 154 ; killed or prisoner, 1 ; by acci- 
 dent, 145 ; disease, 683 ; lost at sea, 237 ; suicide, 11 ; 
 unknown causes, 14 ; of wounds, 37 ; executed, 1 ; 
 civilians, 7 ; gassed, 6 ; total deaths, 1,296 ; wounded, 
 544 ; captured, 21 ; missing, 14. 
 
 — United States destroyer Manley collides with British 
 warship in European waters ; depth bomb explodes, 
 kills Lieut. Commander Richard M. Elliott, Jr., and 
 15 enlisted men; Manley reaches port. 
 
 — Royal Mail steamer Amazon and Norwegian steam- 
 ship Stolt-Neilson, commandeered b\' the British, are 
 sunk by submarine. 
 
 March 20 — To reduce coal consumption President Stan- 
 ley of Board of Trade announces in House of Com- 
 mons coal rationing rules — no cooking between 9 :30 
 P. M. and 5 A .M. ; no illumination of shop windows ; 
 no performances after 10.30. etc. 
 
 — French repulse German attacks off Arracourt, in Lor- 
 raine and raids northeast of Reinsand, in Souain 
 sector. 
 
 — L^nited States guns shell village of Lahayville, causing 
 explosions. 
 
 — Northwest of Toul airplane drops balls of liquefied 
 mustard gas on LTnited States line. 
 
 — British airmen destroy 28 German machines; 12 of 
 their own missing. 
 
 — Steamship Sterling, with cargo of grain for Switzer- 
 land, sunk by collision. 
 
 — Norwegian sailing vessel Carla sunk by submarine; 
 captain killed and crew lost. 
 
 March 21 — Beginning of "Big Drive" on 50-mile front, 
 from Arras to La Fere. On Luneville sector United 
 States artillery fire destroys first and second line po- 
 sitions. Canadians make gas attack between Lens 
 and Hill 70. British monitors bombard Ostend. In 
 Palestine British take Elowsallebeh. German long 
 range gun bombards Paris. 
 
 March 22 — Correspondents at the front report 40 Ger- 
 man divisions (about 500,000 men) engaged and great- 
 est concentration of artillery in world's history ; Ger- 
 mans had 1,000 guns in one small sector (1 for every 
 12 yards). 
 
 —Secretary of War Baker calls on King Albert of 
 Belgium at the front. 
 
 — Brussels fined $500,000 by Germany for recent anti- 
 Flemish agitation. 
 
 — German Reichstag adopts war credit of $3,750,000,000. 
 
 March 23 — Germans break British front near Monchy. 
 Cambrai, St. Quentin and La Fere, pierced second 
 line, between Fontaine-les-Croisilles and Moeuvrcs. 
 
 — British evacuate positions in bend southwest of Cam- 
 brai ; Germans pierce third British line between Omig- 
 non stream and the Somme. 
 
 ■ — Berlin announces first stage of battle ended, claims 
 capture of 25,000 prisoners, 400 field guns, 300 ma- 
 chine guns. 
 
 • — British airplanes raid factories at Mannheim. 
 
 — Paris is bombarded by long range "fat Bertha" guns 
 from distance of 75 miles ; 10 killed ; 15 wounded. 
 
 —Gen. Zupelli succeeds Gen. Aldieri as Italian War 
 Minister. 
 
 \ni 
 
Mar. 23 — Secretary of War Baker guest of Ambassador 
 
 Page in London. 
 March 24 — Germans drive British back across the 
 Somme and repulse French and United States re- 
 inforcements ; capture Peronne, Chauny and Ham, in 
 Forest of St. Gobain. 
 - — Paris is again shelled by "fat Bertha" gun. 
 • — British airmen bomb Cologne and Metz. 
 — Finlanders report that German transport Frankland 
 struck a mine and sank at Noorland, the entire crew, 
 Admiral von Meyer and soldiers all lost. 
 March 21 to 24 — British airmen bring down 215 enemy 
 machines, losing 31 ; naval airmen bring down 17, 
 losing 1. 
 March 2.5 — The Germans take Bapaume, Nesle, Guis- 
 card, Biabats, Barleux and Etalon. The Mrench take 
 over sector of British battle front south of St. Quen- 
 tin and around Noyon. French are forced back, but 
 inflict heavy losses in retiring; British counter attack 
 fails. Allied forces lose 45,000 men; 600 guns. 
 —United States artillery shell St. Baussant and billets 
 north of Boquetan, opposite Toul sector, with gas. 
 — London announces United States steamship Chatta- 
 hoochie (5,088 tons) sunk off English coast; crew of 
 74 saved. Long range bombardment of Paris re- 
 sumed. British positions in Palestine extended 9 
 miles toward Es Salt. Secretary of War Baker pre- 
 sented to King George at Buckingham Palace. 
 March 26 — Battle continues on whole front south of 
 Somme ; Germans are checked west of Roye and 
 No3'on. South of Peronne Gen. von Hofacker crosses 
 the Somme; takes heights of Maisonette and villages 
 of Biache and Belleaux ; Etalon is taken from the 
 French and English. In Toul sector United States 
 troops drive Germans out of Richecourt. British re- 
 treat on a wide front ; Germans under von Below 
 and von der Marwitz take Richecourt, Biefvillers, 
 Grevillers, Tries and Miraumont, crossing the Ancre 
 River. The British defeat Turks in Mesopotamia, 
 capture 5,000 prisoners, 14 guns, 50 machine guns, 
 stores of munitions and supplies. United States cas- 
 ualty list to date: Dead 1,333; wounded, 706; cap- 
 tured, 22 ; missing, 37. 
 March 27 — Major Gen. Pershing offers all United States 
 
 forces for service wherever needed. 
 
 — Lloyd George appeals for .\merican reinforcements. 
 
 - — The Germans gain foothold in Ablainville and in 
 
 Albert; British recapture Morlincourt and Chipilly, 
 
 and advance line to Proyart ; Germans make slight 
 
 advance east of Montdidier ; are checked in regions 
 
 of Lassigny and Noyon. 
 
 — Odessa reported captured by Soviet and Ukrainian 
 
 troops. 
 — British Admiralty reports week's losses: 28 mer- 
 chantmen (16 over 1,600 tons); 1 fishing vessel; 
 French lose 1 over 1,600 tons ; Italy loses 3 over 1,500 
 tons. 
 March 28 — Heavy fighting along 55-mile front from the 
 southeast of Somme to northeast of Arras. German 
 drive checked ; in counter attacks French drive Ger- 
 mans out of villages of Courtemanche, Nesle-St. 
 Georges, and Assainvillers ; in some places from Gav- 
 relle to Boyelles Germans make slight advances, take 
 Montdidier and push line to Pierrepont. 
 — British airmen bring down 24 German machines, dis- 
 able 7, and 3 balloons ; bomb Bapaume, Bray and Pe- 
 ronne ; 19 British machines are missing after aero 
 fighting and 4 after night bombing. 
 — French airmen (27th-28th) drop 18 tons projectiles 
 in regions of Guiscard and Ham ; pursuit squadrons 
 bring down 17 German planes and set fire to 2 cap- 
 tive balloons. 
 — Entire Turkish force in area of Hit, in Mesopotamia, 
 is captured or destroyed; 3,000 prisoners taken (in- 
 eluding German officers) ; 10 guns, 2,000 rifles, many 
 machine guns, 600 animals. British forces cross the 
 River Jordan. 
 
 — A squad of police rounding up deserters in Quebec. 
 
 Canada, is attacked by a crowd of citizens. 
 March 29 — The French General, Ferdinand Foch, chos- 
 en Commander in Chief of all Allied forces in France 
 (British, French, American, Italian, Belgian and Port- 
 uguese). 
 —Ninth day of "Big Drive," which is halted; British 
 are pressed back to a line running west of Hamel, 
 Marcelcave and Dcnain : Franco-British troops hold 
 line along Avre, and in front of Neuvillesur-Bernard, 
 Mezieres, Marcelcave and Hamel. 
 — Germans claim to have taken 70,000 prisoners and 
 1,100 guns. British bring down 9 hostile airplanes; 
 drive 3 out of control. Two British machines miss- 
 ing. 
 — The German long range gun kills 75 worshippers at 
 Good Friday services in a Paris church and wounds 
 90. 
 — The President orders temporary suspension of food 
 shipment, except for military supplies, and concentra- 
 tion on sending of troops. 
 ^March 30 — Fighting is resumed on 70 miles of front. 
 British hold their position. The French report severe 
 fighting on 40-mile front, Moreuil to Lassigny; vil- 
 lages in region of Orvillers, Plemont and Plessier de 
 Rove change Iiands several times; Germans claim 
 progress between the Somme and th? Oise. They 
 capture Beaucourt and Mezieres. 
 — Long range gun again bombards Paris, killing S (4 
 
 women) ; wounding 37 (9 women, 7 children). 
 — During the week German submarines sink 3 Italian 
 steamships, of more than 1,500 tons; 10 small sailing 
 vessels. _ ,. 
 
 March 31 — British regain village of Denain ; Canadian 
 
 cavalry and infantry recapture Moreuil. 
 —Since British flying corps arrived in Italy it has 
 brought down 83 Austrian and German planes and lost 
 10. 
 — The Germans continue to advance in the Ukraine, 
 
 Capture Poltava and set it on fire. 
 — British steamship Conargo is torpedoed in the Irish 
 Sea and a Greek steamship is sunk by gun fire; 50 
 men are missing from the two. 
 — Danish steamship Indian is sunk by a German sub- 
 marine about 130 miles north of Azores; captain and 
 28 officers and men lost ; 9 saved. 
 March 31 and April 1— Allied aero squadron throw 
 13 tons of bombs on railways and cantonments at 
 Ham, Chauny and Noyon. 
 April 1— On western front Allies hold their ground, 
 and at some points advance ; recapture Hangard-en- 
 Santerre. Germans capture heights north of Moreuil. 
 — In Mesopotamia British advance 73 miles beyond 
 
 Anah and threaten Aleppo. 
 — French estimate German losses during 11-day of- 
 fensive at 375.000 to 300,000. 
 — Long distance bombardment of Paris continued ; 4 
 
 killed; 9 injured. 
 — British Admiralty announces loss of Tithonus by sub- 
 marine, with 4 of crew. 
 — In draft riot in Quebec 4 civilians are killed and a 
 
 number of soldiers wounded. 
 — In London no hot meals are served between 9 :30 
 P. M. and 5 A. M.. ; and theatres close at 10 :30 P. M. 
 April 2 — Between the Avre and the Luce the Allies 
 captured 50 prisoners and 13 machine guns ; near 
 Hebuterne, 73 prisoners, 3 machine guns ; prisoners 
 are also taken at Ban-de-Sapt and in raid on Colonne 
 trench. United States troops on Meuse heights, south 
 of Verdun, are attacked with gas and high explosive 
 shells. Gen. Pershing reports United States casual- 
 ties: Killed by accident, 1; of disease, 4; wounds, 2; 
 various causes, 2 ; wounded, 13 ; total killed in action, 
 183 ; killed or prisoners, 1 ; by accident, 164 ; disease, 
 793 ; lost at sea, 237 ; died of wounds, 52 ; various 
 causes, 39. A Turkish Army begins occupation of 
 Batum, Kars and Ardahan, districts in the Caucasus. 
 German prisoners report the bursting of one of the 
 
long range guns bombarding Paris, killing 5 of the 
 gun crew. Count Czernin, Austro-Hungarian Foreign 
 Minister, discusses the 14 points laid down bv Presi- 
 dent Wilson in Feb. 11 address, approves of tliem as a 
 basis of peace, but doubts if Allies will accept them 
 
 April 3— Ayette is taken by the Allies; 11)2 prisoners 
 captured, including 6 officers. British raid northeast 
 of Loos and Poelcapelle. 
 
 April 3 — British airmen down 9 German machines, drive 
 3 out of control, destroy 1 balloon, losing 5. British 
 Admirally reports losses for past week: i3 merchant- 
 men over 1,600 tons; 5 fishing vessels; arrivals 2 416- 
 sailings, 2,379. 
 
 —White Guards capture eastern part of Tammcrfors, 
 Finland, and 1,000 prisoners. 
 
 —War Council at Washington, D. C, announces that 
 all available shipping will be used to rush troops to 
 France. 
 
 —40,000 German troops land at Hango, Finland. 
 
 —Capt. James Byford McCudden, British airman, age 
 23, wins tlic Victoria Cross. Has been awarded Dis- 
 tmguished Service Order, Croix de Guerre, Military 
 Cross and Military Medal; has encountered 54 enemy 
 planes. 
 
 April 4— King Albert confers upon Gen. Pershing Bel- 
 gmn Grand Cross of Order of Leopold. 
 
 —Kaiser Wilhelm confers upon Baron von Richthofen 
 Order of Red Eagle with Crown and Swords for 75 
 victories. 
 
 —Ten German attacks at junction of French and Brit- 
 ish Armies on the Somme ; German forces make 
 slight advance, occupying villages of Maillv, Raineval 
 and Moriscl. 
 
 — United States troops now occupy Meuse Iicights, south 
 of Verdun. 
 
 —Amsterdam despatch savs Allied raid on Coblen? 
 killed 26, wounded 100; that on Treves killed RO, and 
 on Cologne struck a troop train. 
 
 —Moscow despatch reports Erzerum captured bv Ar- 
 menians from Turks. 
 April 5 — French improve position in region of Mailly. 
 Raineval and Morisel and in ' Cantigny ; Germans 
 occupy village of Dernacourt, reach .Albert-Amiens 
 railway, but are driven back. 
 
 — Germans claim to have taken between March 21 and 
 29, 51,218 prisoners; total up to present, 90,000; 
 1,300 guns; the Allies deny these figures. 
 
 — Japanese and British forces land at Vladivostok. 
 
 — Cunard Line freighter Valeria (5,865 tons) reported 
 torpedoed. 
 
 —United States Army at end of the first year of the 
 war totals more than 1,500,000 men. 
 
 April 6— Germans strike east and south of Chauny, gain 
 foothold at Abbecourt, and Barisis; suflfer severe 
 losses ; take Pierremande and Folcmbray. 
 
 —The Belgian relief ship Ministre de Smet de Naeyer 
 (2,712 tons) is sunk by a mine in the North Sea;" 12 
 drowned ; 17 saved. 
 
 — The President at Liberty Loan meeting in Baltimore 
 condemns German treaties forced on Russia and Rou- 
 mania and says Germany's challenge will be met with 
 "force to the utmost." 
 
 ^Long distance bombardment of Paris. 
 
 April 7— British retake Aveluy Wood and repel attack 
 opposite Albert and south of Hebuterne; the suburbs 
 of Chauny and French and British positions near 
 Amigny are taken by German forces under Gen. von 
 Boehn, with 1,400 prisoners. 
 
 — Germans bombard Rheims. 
 
 —United States troops in Toul sector repel two Ger- 
 man raids. Turks take .\rdahan from Armenians; 
 Constantinople reports Turkish troops advancing over 
 wide area in the Caucasus. 
 
 April 8— Germans drive French back to the west bank 
 of Ailette, take Verneuil and heights east of Coucy-Ie- 
 Chateau. British make sliglit advance on south bank 
 of Somme; lines around Bucquov are heavily shelled. 
 
 —Belgian relief ship Flanders sunk by mine. 
 
 — Germany sends ultimatum, demanding the removal 
 or disarmament of all Russian warsliips in Finnish 
 waters by April 12. 
 — Brig. Gen. C. C. Williams ordered to Washington to 
 relieve Brig. Gen. Charles B. Wheeler, who goes to 
 France as ordnance officer with Gen. Pershing. 
 April 9 — Germans drive in line held by British and 
 Portuguese iVz miles on 11-mile front, from Givenchy 
 to La Bassee capture Richebourg-St. Vaast and La- 
 ventie; British repel attacks at Givenchy and Fleur- 
 baix. 
 — Man-Power Bill, including a provision for conscrip- 
 tion in Ireland, is introduced in the House of Com- 
 mons. 
 April 10 — Germans cross the Lys between Armcntieres 
 and Estaires ; British are forced back north and south 
 of Armentieres ; French repulse Germans in Hangard. 
 April 10 — British and Portuguese, on line from La 
 Bassee Canal to .'\rmentitres, are forced back si.x 
 miles; at Messines Ridge, south of Ypres, British re- 
 tire 2 miles. In counter attack on Givenchy, British 
 take 750 prisoners. 
 — The village of Hangard changes hands several times, 
 remaining with the French, who penetrate line north- 
 west of Rheims and bring back prisoners. 
 — The Germans claim to have taken 6,000 prisoners and 
 
 100 guns. 
 — Secretary Daniels says 1,275 vessels (1,055,116 tons) 
 were added to the navy in the first year of the war. 
 — German troops at Limburg, Prussia, mutiny, killing 
 
 3 officers. 
 — Russian Commerce Commissioner says treaty with 
 Germany takes 300,000 square miles, with 56,000,000 
 inhabitants (32% of Russia's entire population, be- 
 sides one-third of her railways, 73% of her iron, 
 89% of her coal). 
 — Brig. Gen. Frederick E. Resche, German born, of 
 Minnesota, in command 34th National Guard, Camp 
 Cody, N. M., is discharged from the service for fail- 
 ing to maintain his command on efficient footing. 
 April 11 — Germans attack British from La Bassee to 
 Ypres-Comines Canal and push them back 6 miles on 
 north end of battle front at Estaires and Steenwerck. 
 British troops retire from Armentieres, which is full 
 of gas. 
 ■ — British troops continue advance in Palestine. 
 — A shot from German long range gun strikes found- 
 ling a.sylum in Paris; kills 4; wounds 21. 
 — United States steamship Lake Moor (4,500 tons) is 
 sunk by German submarine ; 5 officers, 40 men miss- 
 ing. 
 — British in Palestine advance a mile and a half on 5- 
 
 mile front, take villages of El-Kefr and Rafat. 
 — German squadron, with several transports, arrives at 
 
 Lovisa. 
 — Paris despatch states that in an official note a letter 
 of Charles of Austria, written to his brother-in-law 
 Prince Sixtus de Bourbon, is made public, in which 
 the Emperor acknowledges the just claims of France 
 to .Alsace-Lorraine, ofifers to support France's claim 
 anc c.eclares Belgium to be re-established and retain 
 her African possessions. Vienna despatch states that 
 in an official telegram to the Kaiser the Emperor de- 
 clares M. Clemenceau is "piling up lies," and assures 
 the German Emperor he repels the assertion that he 
 recognizes France's claim to Alsace-Lorraine. 
 April 12 — Field Marshal Haig issues a special order 
 of the day, "All positions must be held to the last 
 man." Germans sweep the British and Portuguese 
 from the line of the River Lys ; they claim to have 
 captured 20,000 prisoners and 200 guns. Germans at- 
 tack near Ploegsteert ; force the British from Neuve 
 Eglise. Germans capture British garrison at Armen- 
 tieres (50 officers, 1 British and 1 Portuguese Gen- 
 eral, 3,000 men, 45 cannon, many machine guns and 
 a quantity of ammunition). United States troops aid 
 in the repulse of attack in Toul sector and take 22 
 prisoners. Germans continue to bombard Rheims. 
 
— Germans make air raid on east coast of England. 
 French airplanes down 8 of enemy, damage 23 ; also 
 bomb railway stations at Jiissy, Roye, St. Quentin, 
 Nesle, Ham. Guiscard and Noyon. British airplanes 
 bomb and sweep with machine gun fire roads packed 
 with enemy troops; in air engagements bring down 
 40 German macliines; drive 20 out of control; 12 Brit- 
 ish machines fail to return. German air raid on Paris 
 kills 26, wounds 72; on London, kills S, injures 15. 
 The House of Commons passes the Man Power Bill, 
 containing Irish conscription clause. British Govern- 
 ment Committee of inquiry reports brutal treatment 
 of prisoners of war by Germans. The Irish Conven- 
 tion presents a divided report to the British Govern 
 ment ; proposes Irish Parliament of 2 houses, the Na- 
 tionalists offer 40% of membership to Unionists ; to 
 this the Ulster Unionists would not agree. 
 
 April 13 — Germans capture Rossi.gnol, advance to bor- 
 der of Nieppe Wood ; take 400 prinoners. French 
 hold Hangard against repeated counter attacks and 
 repulse German raids between the Ailette and the 
 Aisne. 
 
 — British hold line against massed attack from .^rmen- 
 tieres to Hazebrouck ; Germans driven out of Neuve 
 Eglise, leaving prisoners, including a battalion com- 
 mander. 
 
 — German troops occupy Helsingfors, Finland. 
 
 — Amsterdam despatch states that an official statement 
 issued by Count Czernin declares that Emperor 
 Charles' letter published by the French was falsified. 
 Emperor William thanks Emperor Charles for his 
 telegram repudiating the statement of Premier Clem- 
 enceau. 
 
 — The British and French Governments a.gree to confer 
 on Gen. Foch title of Commander in Chief of Allied 
 .'\rmies in France. 
 
 • — Navy department announces United States steamship 
 Cyclops, with 293 on board, not lieard from since 
 March 4. 
 
 — German troops take Hyving; Finnish White Guards 
 take Bjorneborg. 
 
 April IS — "Fat Bertha" (long range gun) bombards 
 Paris; kills 13; wounds 45. 
 
 ■ — British sink 10 German trawlers. 
 
 — Turks recapture Batum, Russian Black Sea port in 
 the Caucasus. 
 
 — Lieut. Fonck, French aviator, brings down his 34th 
 German airplane. 
 
 — Count Czernin, Austro-Hungarian Minister, resigns. 
 
 April 16 — United States casualty list to date : killed, 
 472; died of wounds, S3; b accident, 190; of disease, 
 903 ; other causes, 45 ; missing, 83 ; slightlv wounded, 
 1,827. 
 
 — Bolo Pasha, convicted in France of treason, executed. 
 
 ^In France men of 19 years are called for training. 
 
 — Red Guards evacuate Abo. 
 
 April 17 — British line on western front holds against 
 repeated attacks ; Gen. von Arnim's forces take Poel- 
 capelle, Langemarck and Zonnebeke. The Germans 
 claim to have taken in the last few days 2,500 pris- 
 oners. 
 
 — "Big Bertha" kills 9 women and 2 men in Paris. 
 
 — London reports Greek and British troops have crossed 
 the Struma, on the Macedonian front, and occupy 7 
 towns. 
 
 — United States steamship Florence H. (5,500 tons) 
 blown up by internal explosion while in French port. 
 34 of crew of 75 saved. 
 
 ^Baron Burian appointed to succeed Count Czernin ; 
 Hungarian Cabinet (Premier, Dr. Wekerle) resigns. 
 
 — British losses by mine or submarine for the week: 
 15 merchantmen (11 over 1,600 tons); 1 fishing ves- 
 sel; 12 unsuccessfully attacked. Arrivals, 2,211; sail- 
 ings, 2,456. 
 
 — Viscount Milner succeeds Lord Derby as British Sec- 
 retary of War ; Lord Derby appointed Ambassador to 
 France, succeeding Lord Bertie. House of Lords 
 •passes Man Power Bill. 
 
 ,\pril IS — West of La Bassee and Givcnchy 10 Ger- 
 man divisions (about 125,000 men) attack British 
 on 10-mile front. British hold line and take 200 pris- 
 oners. The French extend their line to outskirts of 
 Castel ; carry heights west of the Avre ; take 500 pris- 
 oners ; 15 officers; several machine guns. Man Power 
 Bill becomes law in England. All parties in Ireland 
 oppose conscription; Sir Edward Carson appeals to 
 his friends not to lake any action likely to impede 
 victory, even if it entails Home Rule. 
 
 April 18-19 — Fifteen French airplanes drop tons of 
 projectiles on German bivouacs in the region of Ham, 
 Guiscard and Noyon. 
 
 April 19 — French claim to have taken 650 prisoners, in- 
 cluding 20 officers. Germans claim 1,600 taken in 
 fighting near Festubert and Givenchy. 
 
 — United States and French troops raid German line 
 on the Meuse, but find the German trenches deserted. 
 
 —German torpedo craft bombard .Allied camp and stor- 
 age places on coast between Dunkirk and Nieuport. 
 
 — Premier Orlando announces the Italian Army forms 
 right wing of United Allied army in France. 
 
 — Long range bombardment of Paris resumed. 
 
 April 19-20— Seventy French planes bomb stations at 
 St. Quentin and railways near Jussy; 7 planes bomb 
 stations at Montcornet, Asfeld and Hirson. 
 
 April 20— Germany, through the Swiss Minister, de- 
 mands release of Lieut, von Rintelen in exchange 
 for Siegfried Paul London, under sentence in Warsaw 
 as a spv, threatening reprisals on the .Americans in 
 Germanv, if demand is not complied with. United 
 States threatens counter reprisals. 
 April 21— The Germans claim tod have taken 183 men, 
 including 5 officers and 25 machine guns; Gen. Persh- 
 ing estimates German losses at 300 to 500. 
 Paris reports that since long range bombardment be- 
 gan, March 23, it has killed 118 and injured 230 (2 
 davs' reports missing). 
 —British airplanes drop 12 tons of bombs on Menm, 
 \rmentieres and the Thourotte railroad junction, 
 down 6 German machines, disable 3. Large fires are 
 caused at Chaulnes, Juniville and Bethenville ; 3 Brit- 
 ish machines fail to return. 
 —British and French troops land at Murmansk on 
 northern coast of Kola Peninsula, Arctic Ocean, to 
 guard against attacks by Finnish White Guards. 
 Russian Red Guards are co-operating. 
 —Armenians capture Van, in Turkish Armenia. 
 —Guatemala National Assembly declares war with Ger- 
 many. 
 April 22— Baron von Richtliofen, the leader of the Ger- 
 man flyers, with 80 victories to his credit, is brought 
 down behind the British lines and buried with mili- 
 tary honors. 
 — Bonar Law presents the budget in the House of 
 
 Commons, calling for $14,860,000,000. 
 April 23— Major Raoul Lufbery destroys his 18th Ger- 
 man plane and Lieut. P. F. Baer of Mobile, Ala., his 
 5th. 
 —United States casualties in France to date: Killed in 
 action, 513; died of wounds, 104; of disease, 924; from 
 accident, 192; other causes, 93; severely wounded, 
 419; slightly, 1,592; missing, 86. 
 April 22-23— German destroyer and submarine base at 
 Zeebrugge blockaded bv the sinking of two old cruis- 
 ers loaded with cement. The British cruiser Vindic- 
 tive runs the gauntlet of mines, submarines and 
 heavy gunfire, lands sailors and machine guns and 
 distracts attention during operations. A similar en- 
 terprise attempted at Ostend was not successful, the 
 British blockading ships grounding and blowing up. 
 British losses at Zeebrugge and Ostend : Killed, of- 
 ficers 16, men 144, officers died of wounds 3. missing 
 2, wounded 29, men died of wounds 25, missing 14, 
 wounded 355. 
 
 XI 
 
April 24 — Germans attack the whole front south of the 
 Somme, but are repulsed ; in later attacks gain Vil- 
 lers-Bretonneux, east of Robecq. British retain their 
 line. The Germans gain a footing in the outskirts 
 of Hangard ; are checked at Hailles and Senecat 
 Wood; capture Viengelhoek Hill, and take French 
 prisoners. Check Allied advance northwest of Beth- 
 une. 
 
 —British Admiralty announces it will discontinue is- 
 suing weekly bulletin of losses and substitute monthly 
 ones. It reports losses in tonnage since beginning 
 of 1917, for quarter ending March. British, 018,840 ; 
 Allied and neutral, 1.619,373; ending June. British, 
 1,361,370; Allied and neutral, 2,236,934; ending Sep- 
 tember, British, 9.53,938; Allied and neutral, 1,494,473; 
 ending December, British, 782,880 ; Allied and neutral, 
 1,272,843; ending March, 1918, British, 687,576; Al- 
 lied and neutral, 1,123,510. 
 
 April 25 — Germans assault from Wytschaete to Bailleul ; 
 in Lys salient, French and British lose ground. Ger- 
 mans capture Hangard. 
 
 — British sloop Cowslip torpedoed ; 5 officers, 1 man 
 missing. 
 
 — French fight their way into Hangard. 
 
 — Gen. von Risberg, Speaker in German Reichstag, 
 states that on March 24 the Germans missing totalled 
 664,104; 236,676 were prisoners in France; 119,000 in 
 England; 157,000 in Russia and Roumania; the rest 
 probably dead. 
 
 April 27 — The French win back ground near Kemmel 
 and recapture Locre. 
 
 — The British capture Kirfa, in Mesopotamia, and 40 
 prisoners ; the Turks retreat to Kirkuk, are over- 
 taken by British cavalry, who kill more than 100 and 
 take 538 prisoners. 
 
 ■ — British Air Ministry announces that during March 
 British airmen dropped over the enemy air lines in 
 France 23,099 bombs by day and 13,080 by night. 
 Germans in area occupied bv British, 517 by day and 
 1.948 by night. 
 
 — Tlie French Government decrees 3 meatless days a 
 week, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. 
 
 April 28— The loss of Kemmel Heights forces British 
 to retire. Locre changes hands 5 times ; Germans 
 get footing there, but are driven from Voormezeele. 
 
 — In Mesopotamia the British force the passage of 
 the Aqsu. 
 
 ^The British liner Orissa (5,436 tons) torpedoed in 
 English waters ; 57 Y. M. C. A. Americans are saved ; 
 3 of crew are lost. 
 
 —Dr. Sidonio Paes elected President of Portuguese 
 Republic. 
 
 April 29 — British flyers drop 275 tons of bombs on 
 enemv troops east of Locre. 
 
 — In Mesopotamia, British capture Tuzhurniatli and 300 
 prisoners. 
 
 April 30 — British casualties during April : Killed or 
 died of wounds, officers, 1,621 ; men, 7,723 ; wounded 
 or missing, officers, 7,447; men, 35,864. 
 
 May 1 — Legion made of the Czechs and Slavs join 
 Italians to fight against Austria. 
 
 — British troops advance a mile west of the River 
 Jordan, in region of Mezrah; take 260 prisoners. 
 
 — Sebastopol, Russian fortress in the Crimea, occupied 
 by German troops. 
 
 — Long range bombardment of Paris continues ; 3 wo- 
 men injured. 
 
 — At Versailles, Premiers Lloyd George. Clemenceau 
 and Orlando, with representatives of France, Great 
 Britain, Italy and the United States, meet in con- 
 ference. 
 
 — Gavrio Prinzip, Serbian assassin of the Austro-Hun- 
 garian Archduke Francis Ferdinand, in July, 1914, 
 died in an Austrian fortress. 
 
 May 2 — Australian troops enter Es Salt, capture 33 
 Germans, 317 Turks ; a detaclied brigade of horse ar- 
 tillery loses 9 guns. 
 
 — United States steamship Tyler sunk by submarine in 
 the Mediterranean; 11 lives lost; British steamship 
 Franklyn and two others are torpedoed in same at- 
 tack. 
 
 — British airmen drop 3% tons of bombs on Bapaume 
 and other targets, bring down 14 hostile machines, 
 disable 4, lose 5. Also drop 5% tons of bombs on 
 Chaulnes, Juniville and at Caix, and on lock gates 
 at Zeebrugge. 
 
 — In Lower House of Prussian Diet Social Democrat 
 motion to restore equal suffrage provision is de- 
 feated. 
 
 May 3 — French take important positions between 
 Hailles and Castel ; French and British raid south of 
 Arras and east of St. Denant. taking guns and pris- 
 oners ; south of the Avre, Hill 82 and the wood bor- 
 dering on the Avre are taken and over 100 prison- 
 ers (4 officers) ; a German attack near Ailette is re- 
 pulsed. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Thionville railway station and 
 Carlshuttle work. 
 
 — United States makes an agreement with Norway 
 for exchange and restrictions of exports to enemy. 
 
 May 4 — Italian airship drops a ton of explosives on 
 aviation ground at Campo Maggiore. 
 
 — British mission to United States estimated British 
 casualties in Picardy since March 21 approximate 
 250,000 killed, wounded or missing. 
 
 ^Field Marshal Lord French named Lord Lieutenant 
 of Ireland. 
 
 — British airmen drop more than 20 tons of bombs on 
 Chaulnes, Tournai and La Bassee railway stations 
 and on Estaires, Marcelcave, Memeo, Comines and 
 Middelkerke; bring down 28 German machines; dis- 
 able 5; anti-aircraft guns shoot down 3; 11 British 
 machines are missing. 
 
 May 5 — British repulse German attack near Hinges, 
 on western front, and improve line at Sally-le-Sec 
 and east of Hebuterne. 
 
 May 6 — British down 6 hostile machines, losing 1. At 
 night British airmen drop 100 bombs in neighborhood 
 of Bapaume, 1 British machine fails to return 
 
 — Treaty of peace is signed at Bucharest by repre- 
 sentatives of Roumania and the four Central Pow- 
 ers. 
 
 ■ — Major Gen. Sir Frederick B. Maurice, recently Di- 
 rector of British Military Operations, accuses Premier 
 Lloyd George and Chancellor Bonar Law of mis- 
 stating army strength. 
 
 May 7 — Germans south of Brimant cross Aisne Canal 
 and return with prisoners. 
 
 May 7 — Australians succeed in reaching German lines 
 on both sides of Corbie-Bray road, but are driven 
 back. 
 
 — Nicaraguan Congress declares war on Germany and 
 her allies. 
 
 — Lhiited States casualties to date: Killed in action 
 (including 227 lost at sea), 643; died of wounds, 134; 
 of disease, 1,005; accident, 220; from other causes, 51; 
 severely wounded, 413 ; slightly wounded, 2,492 ; miss- 
 ing in action and prisoners, 122. 
 
 May 9 — France reports officially Allied tonnage lost 
 by submarines during April, 381.631. 
 
 — In vote, on motion made by Mr. Asquith, who in- 
 vestigated Gen. Maurice's charges, British House of 
 Commons sustains Lloyd George. 
 
 May 10 — The trenches northwest of Albert, taken by 
 the Germans, are recaptured; the French capture 
 Grivesnes and 258 prisoners. 
 
 — Italians capture Monte Corno ; take 100 prisoners. 
 
 — The British sink a block ship across entrance to Os- 
 tend. 
 
 — The Sant' Anna, Italian transport, is sunk ; 638 sol- 
 diers and workmen lost. 
 
 — The hearing in Bonnet Rouge case, Paris, completed. 
 
May 11 — British raid west of Merville, take prisoners 
 and machine guns; German raids east of Ypres and 
 near Neuville are repulsed ; Germans attack French 
 in the Bois la Ceuvre ; gain a footing and are driven 
 out, leaving 100 prisoners and 15 machine guns ; 
 French raid southeast of Montdidier and northeast 
 of Thioncourt. 
 
 — United States artillery fire causes fires in the villages 
 of Cantigny and St. Georges, held by the Germans. 
 
 ^German submarines are warned by wireless not to 
 return to Ostend or Zeebrugge. 
 
 ^The Italians attack Col dell' Orso, destroying its 
 Austrian garrison. 
 
 — Major Gen. Maurice is placed on retired pay. 
 
 May 10-11 — French bombing machines drop 7,000 kilos 
 of explosives on railway stations and cantonments 
 in region of Noyon, Chauny and Flevy-le-MartcI. 
 
 — German air fighting echelon, formerly led by Baron 
 von Richthofen, shoot down 19 Allied planes. 
 
 May la — Berlin reports Allied aero losses on German 
 front during April, airplanes, 271; captive balloons, 
 15 ; admit loss of 123 planes and 14 captive balloons. 
 
 ^British anti-aircraft guns bring down 6 German ma- 
 chines, disable 1 ; British airmen drop 12 tons of 
 bombs on railway stations at Lille, Menin, Chaulnes, 
 Peronne and docks at Bruges ; all machines returned. 
 
 — German and Austrian Emperors meet and agree upon 
 a close military alliance for 25 years. 
 
 ^Prussian Lower House rejects motion to restore to 
 Franchise Reform Bill provision for equal manhood 
 suffrage. 
 
 — In April British airmen drop 6,033 bombs behind 
 enemy line ; Germans drop 1,340 in area held by 
 the British. 
 
 — LTnited States casualty list to date: Killed in action, 
 712 ; died of wounds, 172 ; of disease, accidents and 
 other causes, 1,331 ; severely wounded, 486 ; slightly 
 wounded, 2,752 ; missing in action and in prison, 215. 
 
 — Germans bombard French lines at night north of 
 Montdidier and between Montdidier and Noyon. 
 
 — Germans bomb neighborhood of Dunkirk. 
 
 — Italian naval forces enter Pola Harbor and sink an 
 Austrian battleship. 
 
 — German Emperor proclaims Lithuania as an inde- 
 pendent state. 
 
 May 15 — Mr. Duval, Director of Bonnet Rouge, is 
 sentenced to death ; the other 6 defendants in court 
 martial proceedings receive prison sentences of from 
 2 to 10 years. 
 
 — British Admiralty regulations, closing by mine fields 
 approximately 22,000 square miles in northern part 
 of North Sea, go into effect. 
 
 May 16 — British raid Austrian positions at Canove ; 
 Italian infantry enters Monte Asolone, kill or dis- 
 perse the garrison. 
 
 — German airmen attempting to raid Paris are driven 
 off. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Saarbriicken in German Lor- 
 raine and destroy 5 enemy machines, losing 1. 
 
 — Two German submarines sighted near Bermuda. 
 
 May 17 — A large Russian transport, with 3,000 on 
 board (many women and children), sunk by a Ger- 
 man submarine; only a few hundred saved. 
 
 ^German division, near Dvinsk, Russia, mutinies, re- 
 fusing to go to the Russian front. By order of the 
 commander 50 are shot ; 1,000 held to await court 
 martial. 
 
 — Capt. Antonio Silvio Resnati, Italian aviator, killed 
 
 while flying at an aviation field in New York. 
 May 18 — British airmen raid Cologne by daylight. 
 Drive 2 enemy planes out of control. 
 
 — United States steamship William Rockefeller sunk 
 by torpedo. 
 
 — American Minister to China says Japanese and Chi- 
 nese Governments have concluded a defensive alli- 
 ance against Germany. 
 
 — The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland announces pro-Ger- 
 man plot in Ireland ; over 100 Sinn Fein leaders ar- 
 rested and deported to England. 
 
 May 19 — Australians capture ViUe-sur-Ancre, a mile 
 from Morlancourt ; 360 prisoners, 20 machine guns ; 
 German raids in Picardy and Lorraine are repelled 
 by United States troops. 
 
 — London despatches say that the Allied air raid on 
 Cologne killed 14, injured 40. 
 
 . — Musselman and Bolshevik forces battle at Baku, on 
 Caspian Sea; 2,000 killed, 3,000 wounded. 
 
 — German troops occupy Bjorko, an island in Gulf of 
 Finland, 30 miles northwest of Petrograd. 
 
 — Major Raoul Lufbery, American aviator, shot down 
 by an enemy airplane over Toul. 
 
 — France protests to Switzerland against recent com- 
 mercial agreement with Germany and threatens to 
 withhold shipments of coal. 
 
 May 20 — On south bank of Ancre, British enter Ville- 
 sur-Ancre. 
 
 — United States cargo steamship J. G. McCullough is 
 sunk by mine or torpedo in foreign waters. 
 
 . — In German air raid on London British barrage brings 
 down 4 Gothas; 1 falls into sea, 2 are lost; British 
 casualties, 37 killed, 161 wounded. 
 
 — German bombing squadrons destroy French munition 
 depots near Blargies. 
 
 — Swedish steamship New Sweden sunk by shell fire 
 in Mediterranean ; its 200 passengers taken off. 
 
 — Twenty German airplanes raid London ; kill 44, in- 
 jure 179; 5 raiding planes destroyed. 
 
 May 21 — United States casualties to date : Killed in 
 action, 755 ; died of wounds, 194 ; from accident, dis- 
 ease and other causes, 1,379 ; severely wounded, 595 ; 
 slightly wounded 2,949 ; missing in action and pris- 
 oners, 294. 
 
 May 21-22 — British airplanes bomb Mannheim and de- 
 stroy chlorine gas plant. 
 
 May 22 — Thirty German airplanes raid Paris; kill 1, 
 injure 12. 
 
 — United States steamship Wakiva sunk, with loss of 
 2, in collision in European waters. 
 
 May 23 — British airmen drop 4 tons of bombs on elec- 
 tric power station at Karusewald ; 11 tons on air- 
 dromes and billets and docks at Bruges. 
 
 — British transport Moldavia, on way to channel port, 
 torpedoed and sunk off English coast; 56 United 
 States soldiers killed by the explosion. 
 
 — First sitting of Russo-Ukrainian Peace Conference ; 
 Russian delegates recognize Ukraine as independent 
 state. 
 
 . — ^British airmen bomb enemy positions, causing 3 fires 
 in Mannheim, on the Rhine. 
 
 May 24 — British machines bomb Peronne, Fricourt and 
 Bapaume and in Somme area, also railways and fac- 
 tories at Norgunlangen, 12 miles north of Metz. 
 
 — Steamer Inniscarra, bound from Fishguard to Cork, 
 torpedoed and sunk ; 37 of crew missing. 
 
 — Troops of German division at Dvinsk mutiny; 50 
 executed ; 1,000 imprisoned. 
 
 — Amsterdam despatch says Germans took 7 Russian 
 battleships when they occupied Sebastopol. 
 
 May 2.5 — Allies bomb billets near Armentieres and Mer- 
 ville and ammunition dumps at Vesseneare and the 
 Bruges docks. 
 
 — The Hetty Dunn, Edna and Hauppauge, United States 
 merchant ships, sunk by German submarine. 
 
 — German superdreadnaught U boat, attacking United 
 States transport, sunk by United States destroyers. 
 
 May 25-June 14 — German submarines sink 19 ships off 
 coasts of New Jersey, Delaware. Maryland and Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 May 26 — During Allied raids over Liege, Longdoz rail- 
 road station destroyed ; 26 killed. 
 • — English transport Leasowe Castle (9,737 tons) sunk 
 by submarine in Mediterranean; captain, 2 wireless 
 operators, 6 of crew, 13 military officers, 79 men miss- 
 ing. 
 
 XIII 
 
May 26 — Italian troops break through Austro-German 
 defensive at Capo Sile, on lower Piave front ; take 433 
 prisoners. 
 
 May 27 — Big drive begins on western front, Germans 
 drive Allies across the Aisne-Marne Canal, take 
 Cormicy, Cauroy and Loivre ; Germans attack British 
 at Berry-au-Bac and the French by the Chemin-des- 
 Dames ; Germans take Chemin-des-Dames Ridge ; 
 near Dickebusch Lake, Germans penetrate French po- 
 sitions, advance in Aisne Valley, reach Pont-Arcy. 
 
 • — German infantry cross the Ailette, pierce British lines 
 between Corbeuy and the Aisne. take Pinon, Chavig- 
 nons, Fort Malmaison, Cotirtecou, Cerny, the Winter- 
 berg and Craonne and the Villerberg. 
 
 — Italians advance northwest of Prente, take 870 Ger- 
 mans and 12 guns, capture summit of Monte Zignolon. 
 
 — Lieut. Kiel, leading Austrian aviator, reported killed 
 in action. 
 
 May 28 — Germans advance in Aisne sector, cross the 
 Vesle at two points, gain much territory, take numer- 
 ous towns and villages; French and British retire 
 steadily. Germans claim to have taken 15,000 pris- 
 oners. 
 
 — Counter attacks re-establish British line east of Dicke- 
 busch Lake ; Germans attack French southeast of 
 Soissons ; west of Montdidier L'nited States troops 
 aided by British tanks, take village of Cantigny, and 
 hold it against counter attacks. 
 
 — Mr. Keronko, Bolshevik representative at Helsing- 
 fors, expelled from Finland, and a pro-German cab- 
 inet formed. 
 
 May 29 — Germans take Soissons, with 25,000 prisoners, 
 including 2 generals (1 British, 1 French), also town 
 of Courcy, 5 miles from Rheims. 
 
 — German airplane bombards Amiens. 
 
 May 30 — Germans advance to within 2 miles of Rheims, 
 German submarine sinks 12 Irish fishing vessels ; no 
 lives lost. The Agawam, cargo ship, launched at 
 Port Newark, N. J. ; first composite wood and steel 
 ship. War Cloud, launched at Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 May 31 — German forces north of the Aisne advance to 
 Nouvron and Fontenoy, but fail to cross the Marne. 
 LInited States transport President Lincoln, returning, 
 sunk by torpedo off the French coast ; loss, 28 out of 
 715. 
 
 June 1 — Germans attack on whole front between the 
 Oise and the Marne, advance as far as Nouvron and 
 Fontenoy ; attack on Fort de la Pompelle drives out 
 French who counter attack, regain positions and take 
 400 prisoners and 4 tanks ; Germans break through 
 on both sides of the Ourcq River, reach heights of 
 Neuilly and north of Chateau-Thierry. 
 
 — British air squadron bombards Karlsruhe. 
 
 • — British airmen bomb railway stations and junctions 
 at Metz-Sablon, Karthaus and Thionville. 
 
 June 2 — Germans reach outskirts of Forest of Retz, 
 surrounding Villers-Cotterets, retake FaveroUes, but 
 fail in attack on Courcy and Troesnes; French take 
 Hill 153, recapture Champlat and gain ground in di- 
 rection of Ville-en-Tardenois ; Germans take heights 
 of Passy and Courchamps. German airmen bomb 
 British Red Cross hospitals. The Texel sunk by sub- 
 marine off Atlantic City, N. J. Schooner Edward 
 H. Cole and another vessel sunk by submarine off 
 New Jersey coast ; crew rescued by steamship Bris- 
 tol. Schooner Jacob S. Haskell sunk by gunfire of 
 submarine ; crew rescued, Herbert L. Piatt, Standard 
 Oil Co. tank steamship, sunk by German submarine. 
 Allied air raid on Cologne kills 146. 
 
 June 3 — Southeast of Strazeele, British repulse raids, 
 take 288 prisoners and anti-tank gun, 30 machine guns 
 and several trench mortars. British airplanes bomb 
 railway stations at St. Quentin, Douai and Luxem- 
 burg. Italian airmen, on French front, bomb Noyon, 
 Peronne, Rosieres and Nesle. Lord Lieutenant of 
 Ireland issues proclamation staving conscription if 
 50,000 volunteer by Oct. 1, and from 200,000 to 300,- 
 
 000 monthly thereafter. Seventy years of penny post- 
 age end in Great Britian, from today, 3 half pence 
 (3c). 
 
 June 4 — Between the Aisne and the Ourcq Germans 
 capture village of Pernant and town of Neuilly-la- 
 Poterie. 
 
 — Now reported that ships sunk on June 2 off New 
 Jersey coast were Edna (375 tons) Carolina (5,092 
 tons), Herbert L. Pratt (5,372 tons), Winne Connie 
 (1.869 tons), Edward H. Cole (1.791 tons). Jacob H. 
 Haskell (1,778 tons), Isabelle H. Wiley (779 tons), 
 Hattie Dunn (436 tons), Samuel W. Hathaway (1,- 
 038 tons), Hauppauge (1,330 tons). 
 
 — French and United States forces compel Germans 
 to recross the Marne, leaving 100 prisoners. 
 
 — German submarine attacks French steamship Radio- 
 liene off Maryland coast ; is driven off by United 
 States destroyer. 
 
 — Norwegian steamship Eidsvold sunk by German sub- 
 marine off Virginia Capes ; crew rescued. Bark At- 
 tila and a schooner torpedoed on way from Gibraltar, 
 British steamship Harpathian blown up off Virginia 
 Capes. 
 
 — United States Secretary of State, in reply to demand 
 for release of von Rintelen, says this Government 
 does not recognize principles of retaliation, refuses 
 compliance and reminds Germany that there are many 
 Germans in the L'nited States subject to counter re- 
 prisals. 
 
 June 5 — Norwegian steamship Vinland torpedoed off 
 Virginia Capes. Lfnited States freight steamship Ar- 
 gonaut torpedoed off Scilly Island. 
 
 — Germans advance on south bank of Aisne, take Dom- 
 miers ; United States troops penetrate enemy posi- 
 tions in Picardy and Lorraine; French counter attack 
 regains ground near Vingre, take 150 prisoners, drive 
 Germans from around Chavigny F'arm and take 50 
 prisoners. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Metz-Sablon and railroad sid- 
 ings at Thionville, Armentieres, and Rove stations 
 and Zeebrugge seaplane base. 
 
 — United States troops drive Germans from Neuilly 
 Wood by bayonet charge. 
 
 — British boarding vessel sunk by German submarine, 
 7 sailors missing. 
 
 June 6 — West of Chateau-Thierry United States troops 
 drive Germans a mile on 2-mile front, take 270 pris- 
 oners ; United States and French troops advance in 
 region of Neuilly-la-Poterie and Bouresches; Ger- 
 man attacks at (ihamplat, heights of Bligny, south- 
 west of Ste. Euphraise and between the Marne and 
 Rheims, are repulsed ; French take Le Port, west of 
 Fontenoy and north of the Aisne, village of Vinly, 
 and regain Hill 204. 
 
 — Germans claim that since May 27 army group of 
 Crown Prince has taken more than 55.000 prisoners 
 (1,500 officers), 656 guns, 2,000 machine guns. 
 
 — Gen. Pershing reports that on western front, between 
 April 14 and May 31, Lieut. Douglas Campbell 
 brought down 6 enemy airplanes, Capt. Peterson and 
 Lieut. Rickenbacher each brought down 3. 
 
 — United States Marines drive Germans 2^ miles, de- 
 stroy nest of machine guns, capture village of Torcy 
 and force way into Bouresches. 
 
 — Holland hospital vessel Koningen-Regents sunk in 
 North Sea ; a few lives lost. 
 
 — Germans sent ultimatum to Russia, Russian Black 
 Sea fleet must be returned to Sebastopol as condi- 
 tion of cessation of advance on L'kraine front ; time 
 limit set for June 14. 
 
 June 7 — LTnited States and French troops take villages 
 of Neuilly-la-Poterie and Bouresches and Bligny, be- 
 tween the Marne and Rheims. and 200 prisoners. 
 
 — Germans occupy Allied positions on banks of the 
 Ancre and take 300 prisoners. 
 
 — Germans claim to have taken 250 prisoners during 
 French advance west of Kemmel. 
 
 — Northwest of Thierry United States troops advance 
 ly^ miles on 6-mile front. 
 
 XIV 
 
June 8 — Artillery activity in neighborhood of Hangard- 
 en-Santerre and south of Aisne, north of Albert and 
 southeast of Arras. French advance to outskirts of 
 Dummard, east of Chezy and north of Neuilly-la-Po- 
 terie. 
 
 — By attacks on the Marne, Franco-American troops 
 put Germans on defensive ; United States forces, 
 under Gen. Pershing, capture and hold Bouresches ; 
 French recapture Locre Hospice. 
 
 — 1,000 Czecho-Slovak troops reach Vladivostok. 
 
 — Norwegian steamer Vindeggen sunk by German sub- 
 marine off Cape Hatteras ; steamship Pinar del Rio 
 destroyed by gunfire off Maryland coast, no lives lost. 
 
 June 8 — United States Government announces about 
 .'i.OOO Germans interned as enemy aliens ; 349 United 
 States prisoners in Germany. 
 
 June 9 — New German drive begins on 20-mile front 
 between Montdidier and Noyon. Germans succeed 
 in getting a foothold in villages of Ressons-sur-Matz 
 and Mareuil, capture heights of Gury, are held on 
 line of Rubescourt, Le Fretoy and Mortemer and on 
 front comprising Belval, Cannectaucourt and Ville. 
 
 — British airmen bomb region around Roye and fire 
 3,000 rounds of ammunition at infantry. 
 
 — British and French airmen bomb Nesle and Fresnoy- 
 le-Roye. 
 
 — British airplanes sink 3 Gerrn an submarines by drop- 
 ping depth bombs. 
 
 June 10 — United States Marines, northwest of Cha- 
 teau-Thierry, in Belleau Wood, pierce German line 
 two-thirds of a mile on fiOO-yard front. 
 
 — The French retire 2 miles to line of Bailly and west 
 of Nampcel. 
 
 — Norwegian steamer Hendrik Lund sunk by German 
 submarine off Cape Hatteras. 
 
 — Austrian dreadnaught destroyed and a second dam- 
 aged by Italian torpedo boat near Dalmatian Islands. 
 
 — Long range bombardment of Paris resumed. 
 
 — David Putnam, descendant of Israel Putnam, brings 
 down his fifth German plane. 
 
 — Germans capture villages of Mery, Belloy and St. 
 Maur and gain a footing in Marqueglise. Courcelles, 
 taken and retaken, remains with French. On centre 
 Germans reach south edge of Cuvilly Wood and Res- 
 sons-sur-Matz. French take nearly 1.000 prisoners. 
 Germans take ridge east of Mery and break through 
 fourth Allied position. Gen. von Schoelcr's forces 
 cross the Matz, attack heights of Marqueglise and 
 Vignemont and advance to Anthcuil. On the Oise 
 Germans advance as far as Ribecourt. 
 
 — Germans claim to have captured since May 37 up 
 to 75,000 prisoners. 
 
 June 11 — Allies in counter offensive advance on 7-mile 
 front between Montdidier and Noyon, retake much 
 ground ; take 1,000 prisoners. 
 
 — French nearly reach Fretoy, take heights between 
 Courcelles and Mortemer ; 'retake Belloy and Genlis 
 Wood ; reach south outskirts of St. Maur : in centre 
 drive Germans back beyond Loge Farm and Antheuil. 
 South of Ourcq United States troops capture Belleau 
 Wood and 300 prisoners. British advance in region 
 of Morlancourt. % mile on 1% mile front; take 298 
 prisoners (5 officers), 21 machine guns. Under Ger- 
 man attacks, French withdraw to west bank of Oise. 
 
 — United States casualties to date : Killed in action, 
 1,072 ; died of wounds, 318 ; of disease, accident and 
 other causes, 1,597; wounded in action, 4,190; missing, 
 342. 
 
 — Long distance shelling of Paris kills 2. wounds 9. 
 
 — British Admiralty reports between June 6 and 9 (in- 
 clusive), 10 air raids bombed Thourout, Zeebrugge 
 lock gates, Brugeoise works, Bruges docks, Bruges 
 Canal, Glustelles, Marialter and St. Denis-Westrem 
 airdromes. 
 
 June 12 — French advance in region of Belloy Wood and 
 St. Maur; take 400 prisoners. Germans get foothold 
 on the Matz, occupy Melicocq and adjoining heights 
 and gain on plateau west of Dommieres and Cutry. 
 French are thrown back on front from Le Ployron to 
 
 Authiel. Germans clear Allied forces from west bank 
 of the Oise. French are driven south as far as Tra- 
 cy-le-Val. 
 
 — United States troops complete seizure of Belleau 
 Wood. 
 
 — Final figures for eighth German War Loan (includ- 
 ing army subscriptions) places total at $3,750,000,000. 
 
 — London announces that German advance has prac- 
 tically ceased. Germans claim to have taken since 
 beginning of drive on June 9, 15,000 prisoners, 150 
 guns ; they launch attack from Courcelles to north of 
 Mery, between the Aisne and Forest of Villers-Cot- 
 terets. Germans takes villages of Laversine ; are re- 
 pulsed at most other points. French drive Germans 
 back across the Matz and recapture Melicocq. Brit- 
 ish aerial squadron bombs station at Treves and fac- 
 tories and stations at Dillingen. Swedish steamship 
 Dora (1,555 tons) sunk, losing 9 of her crew. 
 
 June 14 — Germans attack French from Courcelles to 
 Mery for 8 hours without gaining an inch. Between 
 Soissons and Villers-Cotterets the Germans penetrate 
 on both sides of the road. French troops recapture 
 Coeuvres-de-Valsery, south of the Aisne. German 
 drive west of the Oise is definitely halted. 
 
 — Norwegian ships Samsa and Krings Jaa, both small, 
 sunk by U-boat, 90 miles off Virginia Capes; no cas- 
 ualties. 
 
 — German forces advance in south Russia in force of 
 10,000; Red Guards almost annihilated on shore of 
 Sea of Azov. 
 
 — Turks occupy Tabriz, second largest city in Persia ; 
 United States consulate and missionary hospital 
 looted. 
 
 June 1.5 — French drive Germans from Coeuvres-et-Val- 
 sery, south of the Aisne, and French improve position 
 east of Montgobert ; take 130 prisoners, 10 ma- 
 chine guns. North of Bethune, British take 196 pris- 
 oners, 10 machine gmis. 
 
 — Despatch from Lhiited States Army in France says 
 LInited States forces have been occupying sectors on 
 battle front in Alsace since May 21. 
 
 — Rome despatch says Austria begins offensive on 90- 
 mile front, from Asiago Plateau to the sea ; on Brit- 
 ish right attacks fail. On left, Austrians pierce Brit- 
 ish lines for 1,000 yards on 2,500-yard front. Prison- 
 ers taken by British and Italians since beginning of 
 fighting, 120 officers, 4,500 men. 
 
 — Gen. March, L'nited States Chief of Staff, announces 
 more than 800,000 LInited States troops in France. 
 
 June Ifi — London reports abnormal quiet after 6 days 
 of desperate fighting. In local actions French in re- 
 gion of Veuilly take 70 German prisoners and a num- 
 ber of machine guns. British raid southwest of Mer- 
 ris, south of the Somme and near Hebuterne; take 
 28 prisoners, several machine guns. 600 German 
 shock troops attack village of Zivray, in Toul sector, 
 held by Americans, and are repulsed without loss. 
 
 — On Italian front Allies regain all ground lost in first 
 Austrian rush, except a few places on Piave River. 
 Italians reoccup}' original positions on Asolone and 
 at Monte Solarola salient ; take 3,000 prisoners, in- 
 cluding 89 officers. British also are back on original 
 front line. Austrians claim to have crossed the Piave 
 at numerous points and taken Allied positions on the 
 Piave end on both sides of the OJerzo-Treviso Rail- 
 road, and to have taken 0,000 prisoners. 
 
 — British airmen bomli railways at Armentieres, Es- 
 taires, Commines and Courtrai and docks of Bruges. 
 
 — United States casualties since entering the war total 
 8,085. 
 
 — Exchange of 160,000 French and German prisoners 
 of war begins through Switzerland. 
 
 — Premier Orlando announces to Italian Chamber of 
 Deputies that a peace offer of Emperor Charles, in- 
 cluding proposed cession of territory, has been de- 
 clined. 
 
 June 17 — Gerinans make unsuccessful attempt to con- 
 struct a foot bridge across the Marne. 
 
 — Premier Radosladoff of Bulgaria resigns and is suc- 
 ceeded by ex-Premier Malinoff. 
 
 XV 
 
July 20 — French and Italians push back Germans from 
 mountains of Rheims, beyond Pourcy, and recapture 
 Marfaux. 
 
 — The Scotch take the village of Meteras in a surprise 
 daytime assault. 
 
 — British airmen cross the Rhine, raid German cities and 
 destroy 2 Zeppelins. 
 
 — White Star Line steamship Justicia (32,234 tons) sunk 
 by torpedo off the Irish coast; 11 of crew dead. 
 
 July 21 — Chateau-Thierry occupied by the French. 
 Franco-American fr/rces advance north of the town 
 over 3 miles; storm Hill No. 193; advance 1 mile. 
 
 — German submarine attacks and sinks tug and 4 barges 
 off Cape Cod. 
 
 — Dr. von Seydler, Austrian Premier, and Cabinet re- 
 sign. 
 
 July 22 — Fishing schooner is sunk by German sub- 
 marine, 60 miles southeast of Cape Porpoise. 
 
 — United States schooner Robert and Richard sunk by 
 German submarine off Cape Ann ; none lost. 
 
 ■ — United States and French forces advance, occupy 
 area on south between Soissons-Chatcau-Thierry road 
 and the Ourcq. On the Marne, United States and 
 French pursue fleeing Germans, who destroy villages 
 and supplies. 
 
 July 23 — On the west -Americans capture Buzancy and 
 Jaulgonne on the Marne. French in centre take 
 Oulchy. On the east British capture Petitchamp 
 Wood, near Marfau.x. 
 
 — French in Picardy capture heights of Mailly-Rain- 
 dal, overlooking Valley of Avre. 
 
 July 24 — French and United States troops, in Marne 
 salient, converge from west and south on Fere-en- 
 Tardcnois. Americans regain Epieds, north of 
 Marne ; advance to Courpoil. British repulse attack 
 at Vrigny. 
 
 ■ — Total German casualties since Gen. Foch's drive be- 
 gan estimated at 180,000. 
 
 — 'Several thousand British munition workers strike. 
 
 ^Japan agrees to all Ignited States proposals for joint 
 action in Russia. 
 
 — Franco-British airmen bomb Bazoches, Courlandon, 
 Fismes and Cugnicourt. 
 
 • — From beginning of present drive to date Allies hav 
 taken 2.'), 000 prisoners, .500 cannon, thousands of ma- 
 chine guns ; one-seventh of captives arc boys of 19. 
 
 July 25 — Allies continue to close the pocket of the 
 Aisne-Marne salient. British advance southwest of 
 Rheims, between the .^.rdre and the Vesle. French 
 arc within 3 miles of towns of Fere-en-Tardenois. 
 .\mericans coming up from the Maine are 5 miles 
 away. The bulk of the German army is southeast of 
 a line between Fismes and Pere. 
 
 July 25 — Steamship Tippecanoe, outward bound, * irpe- 
 doed and sunk ; crew lost. 
 
 — Baron von Hussarek, Minister of Education, succeeds 
 Dr. von Seydler as .Austrian Premier. 
 
 July 26 — French recapture Villemontoire and take 
 Oulchy-le-Chateau and several hundred prisoners. 
 Southwest of Rheims Allies lose Mery. British de- 
 feat German attempt to retake Metteren. In region 
 of Epieds and Trugny, United States troops defeat 
 the Germans. 
 
 — Lloyd George announces strikers must eithf- work 
 or fight. London reports the number of strikers in 
 munition factories has been exaggerated. 
 
 — Portuguese bark Pcrto sunk by German submarine 
 550 miles off American coast ; entire crew saved. 
 
 ■ — United States and French troops advance 10 miles 
 on river sector of Marne salient, shutting off Germans 
 from the Marne. 
 
 — .Americans clear the woods on north bank and French 
 push eastward. 
 
 — Seizure of 2 men, accused of trying to Iilow up a war 
 plant at Irvington-on-the-Hudson. 
 
 July 29 — In Marne salient French and .Americans ad- 
 vance 2 to 3 miles on 20-mile front, taking many vil- 
 lages : Bligne, Ville-en-Tardenois captured on the 
 cast; Cierges and Villfrs-.-\rgron in center. On the 
 west French capture Grand-Rozey. 
 
 July 30 — Americans and French lose and regain Cierges 
 and Beugneux and push ahead 2 miles. 
 
 — .Allied Embassies to Russia, including United States, 
 removed from Archangel to Kamalaska. 
 
 • — Baron von Hussarek, new Austrian Premier, declares 
 Austria ready for honorable peace as soon as oppo- 
 nents renounce hostile plans. 
 
 — United States and British draft treaty goes into ef- 
 fect ; British and Canadians have 60 days in which to 
 enlist; treaty does not affect Irish or Australians. 
 
 July 31 — Field Marshal von Eichhorn, German com- 
 mander and virtual dictator in the Ukraine, assassin- 
 ated at Kieff. 
 
 — Gen. Marcli, United States Chief of Staff, announces 
 discontinuance of all distinctions as to Regular, Na- 
 tional .Army and National Guard, and says sole ob- 
 ject of armies now is to kill men. 
 
 — Onondaga Indians of New York declare war on Ger- 
 many. 
 
 •Aug. 1 — Allies drive Germans from edge of Forest of 
 Nesle and before Sergy, and straighten out line from 
 Buzancy to Cierges and the Meuniere Wood ; in cen- 
 ter .Americans advance mile and a half on Fismes 
 road, from Sfrg>- toward Chamery. 
 
 — French report taking 33.400 prisoners, July 15 to 31. 
 English report prisoners taken during July. 4.503. 
 
 Aug. 3 — .Allies advance on 30-mile to the Aisne and the 
 Vesle, regain 50 villages, obliterate remnant of Marne 
 salient. Germans evacuate positions on front of 3 
 miles west of the Ancre and withdraw cast of that 
 stream. 
 
 — .Americans reach outskirts of Fismes., Allied patrols 
 west of Rheims hold Vesle fords. 
 
 — Gen. March says it was the Rainbow Division of New 
 York that last week defeated the Prussian Guard. 
 
 — British ambulance transport Warilda, with 600 ill and 
 wounded soldiers, homeward bound, sunk by Ger- 
 man submarine near a British port; 123 missing. 
 
 — Steamer Lake Portage torpedoed in lat. 47 deg. 46 
 min. N., long. 4 deg. 44 min. W. ; 3 of crew killed. 
 
 — Steamer O. B. Jennings sunk by submarine 100 miles 
 off North Carolina coast; 1 killed, several injured. 
 
 Aug. 4 — German retreat in Aisne district continues 
 United States and French troops occupy Fismes and 
 cross Vesle at four points. French occupy St. Vaast. 
 
 — In Montdidier salient Germans withdraw on 5 to 10- 
 mile front. French occupy left bank of the Avre. 
 British reoccupy Pernancourt and Hamel. 
 
 Aug. 5 — Germans continue withdrawal on the Ancre 
 and the Avre. Lhiited States troops complete cap- 
 ture of Fismes. French regain the Amiens-Montdidier 
 railroad. Germans evacuate Lys salient, north of La 
 Bassee Canal and east of Robecq, pressed closely by 
 British. 
 
 — Russian and Finnish delegates meet in Berlin to draw 
 p.eace agreement. 
 
 — Paris again shelled by "Fat Bertha." 
 
 Aug. .5 — Schooner Gladys J. Holland torpedoed and 
 sunk 15 miles off Ironbound Island. 
 
 —United States troops land at Archangel. 
 
 —Submarine chaser No. 187 collides with another ves- 
 sel near Hog Island, off Virginia coast, and sinks ; 
 no lives lost. 
 
 — United States schooner Stanley M. Seaman stopped 
 by a German submarine 100 miles east of Cape Hat- 
 teras, wiiich takes off stores. 
 
 .Aug. 6 — On Somme salient British put entire German 
 27th Division out of action. Allies repulse all at- 
 tempts to dislodge them. Rainy weather halts o.oer- 
 ations. 
 
 — Roumania sign, treaty of peace with Central Pow- 
 ers, by vhich she loses province of Dobrudja, on south 
 side of Danube, and makes economic concessions. 
 
 — Dewitt C. Poole, United States Consul General in 
 Moscow, destroys his codes and records and turns 
 over business of consulate to Swedish officials. 
 
 — LInited States steamship Morak (3,023 gross tons) 
 sunk by submarine off Cape Hatteras. 
 
 x\in 
 
Aug. 7 — United States and French troops cross the 
 Vesle. British troops advance between Lawe and 
 Clarice Rivers 1.000 yards and rush German post near 
 Vieux Berquiii, in Lys sector. 
 
 — Lloyd George, in House of Commons, says ISO U- 
 boats have been sunk ; 75 last year. 
 
 — Major Gen. Graves is named to command United 
 States Siberian contingent. 
 
 — Fresh mutiny is reported among German sailors at 
 Wilhelmshaven ; 50 submarines said to have disap- 
 peared ; 23 leaders of revolt sentenced to death. 
 
 ^German raider sinks Diamond Shoals Lightship No. 
 71. 
 
 — The President puts in effect law to prevent use of 
 United States ships or yards by foreign interests. 
 
 Aug. 8 — British and French Armies, commanded by 
 Field Marshal Haig, launch new offensive in Somme 
 salient ; take Germans by surprise ; penetrate 7 miles ; 
 occupy many towns; take 7,000 prisoners and 100 
 guns. 
 
 — Allied detachments move south from Archangel to 
 Vologda, and attack Bolshevik columns, reinforced 
 by Germans. A Japanese Lieutenant General is in 
 command. 
 
 Aug. 9 — Swedish steamship bombed and sunk 100 miles 
 southeast of Nantucket; British vessel rescues crew. 
 
 ■ — Anglo-French wedge driven 13 miles into flank of 
 German position south of the Somme. Morlancourt 
 captured and the Albert railroad reached, outflanking 
 Montdidier. Germans begin evacuating Lys salient. 
 British and French take 17,000 prisoners. Berlin ad- 
 mits losses, but claims Allied drive has been stopped. 
 
 — German aviators drop peace propaganda over French 
 lines, with threats to destroy Paris unless France 
 makes peace. 
 
 ■ — Russian Premier Lenine tells Soviets Russia is at war 
 with the Entente. 
 
 — Gen. Otani, of Japenese Army, named to lead United 
 States and Allied troops in Siberia. 
 
 — A summary of results of the .\llies' Marne offensive 
 shows they captured 200 towns and villages, 1,000 
 square miles of territory and shortened their line 
 33 miles. 
 
 Aug. 10 — LTnited States schooners Katy Palmer, Reli- 
 ance and Alida May sunk by German submarine, also 
 the Sybil and Mary Sennett of Gloucester, Mass. 
 
 ■ — French capture Montdidier and reach Chaulnes. 
 United States troops capture Cliipilly. British ad- 
 vance toward Braye ; take nearly 'lOO guns and more 
 than 24,000 prisoners. The 27th Division "Empire," 
 New York, is with the British Army in Flanders. 
 
 Aug. 11 — French make appreciable progress between the 
 Oise and the Avre ; close in on Lassigny from east 
 and south, and bombard Roye-Noyon road. British 
 and French fight for Chaulnes. 
 
 — British airmen on second day of Picardy offensive 
 shoot down 61 German flyers, making total 126 for 
 2 days. 
 
 ■ — Bolshevik leaders prepare for flight, as counter revo- 
 lutionary movement spreads in Russia. 
 
 ^.A.viators report Germans digging in and stringing 
 barbed wire before Franco-American positions on 
 the Vesle. 
 
 Aug. 11 — Estimated that 36,000 prisoners, including 
 more than 1,000 officers, captured so far in .Allied of- 
 fensive in Picardy. 
 
 — Nine United States fishing boats off Georgia's banks 
 sunk by U-boat. 
 
 — London reports 187 German flyers shot down in Pic- 
 ardy so far ; the British losing 84. 
 
 — British steamship Penistone torpedoed by submarine 
 100 miles east of Nantucket. 
 
 Aug. 12 — Allied advance slows up. Americans capture 
 Bray. French take Gury. 
 
 — Disorder .grows in Moscow. German Ambassador 
 flees to Pskoff. 
 
 — Norwegian steamer Somerstad sunk by torpedo 25 
 miles off Fire Island; no casualties. 
 
 Aug. 13 — The Eclio de Paris states that since Allied 
 counter offensive began July 18, Allies have taken 
 more than 70,000 prisoners, 1,000 guns, 10,000 ma- 
 chine guns. 
 
 — London announces for the five day fighting on Pic- 
 ardy front British have won 277 aerial victories ; Ger- 
 mans 101. 
 
 — Linited States steamship Frederic Kellogg torpedoed; 
 2 naval reserve men lost. 
 
 —French troops occupy Thiescourt Plateau, repulse an 
 attack, gain command of the Divette and Oise Val- 
 leys and threaten Lassigny. Roye is being envel- 
 oped by British on the north and French on the south. 
 
 — Norwegian steamship Commerstoedt torpedoed off 
 Fire Island. 
 
 — On the Vesle Franco-Americans are pushed out of 
 Fismette, but recover it by counter attack. 
 
 • — French transport Djemnah sunk in Mediterranean; 
 442 men missing. 
 
 — Steamer Frederick R. Kellogg torpedoed off Barne- 
 gat Light ; 3 killed, 4 missing. 
 
 Aug. 14 — Allies make further gains at both ends of 
 Somme salient. French capture Ribecourt, and Ger- 
 mans evacuate positions at Beaumont-Hamel, Serre, 
 Puisieux-au-Mont and Bucquoy, above the Avre. 
 English strengthen positions along Somme, between 
 Etineheni and Bray. 
 
 — Capt. James Fitzmorris of Royal Flying Corps killed 
 near Cincinnati wliilc flying from Indianapolis to Day- 
 ton. 
 
 — Schooner Dorothy Barrett attacked by submarine near 
 Cape May, N. J. Crew abandon vessel, which takes 
 fire ; no lives lost. 
 
 Aug. 15 — Canadian troops capture villa.ges of Damery 
 and Parvillcrs, northwest of Roye. British advance 
 northwest of Chaulnes ; their patrols enter Albert. 
 
 — French make local gains between the Metz and the 
 Oise Rivers. 
 
 — Prisoners taken on western front now number 
 30,344. 
 
 — Allies from Archangel penetrate 100 miles from Arch- 
 angel along railway to Vologda. 
 
 — First of United States contingent to operate in Si- 
 beria, 27th Linited States Infantry from Philippines, 
 lands at Vladivostok. 
 
 — A British column, pushing up through Persia, reaches 
 Baku, on the Caspian Sea. 
 
 — Lhiited States schooner Madingadah shelled and sunk 
 by submarine near Winter Quarter Shoals Light Ves- 
 sel. 
 
 ■ — United States steamer Cubore (7,300 tons) sunk by 
 submarine ; no lives lost. 
 
 Aug. 16 — French and British approach Roye and repulse 
 counter attack on Damery. British push up tlie valley 
 on both sides of the Ancre, reach the outskirts of 
 Thiepval Wood. Germans evacuate Vieux-Berquin, 
 on Lys salient. 
 
 — The Don Cossacks clear left bank of the Don and 
 move south. 
 
 — Large tank steamer shelled off Cape Hatteras by a 
 submarine and reported on fire ; entire crew saved. 
 
 — Linited States cargo ship Montanan (6,659 gross tons) 
 torpedoed and sunk in foreign waters ; 5 men miss- 
 ing. 
 
 — A second United States transport carrying troops 
 from Manila lands at Vladivostok. 
 
 — United States air squadron of 18 De Haviland ma- 
 chines (4 type), equipped with Liberty motors, makes 
 successful flight over German lines. 
 
 ■ — Paris estimates loss in Germans killed since war be- 
 gan at 1,400,000. 
 
 ■ — The two Kaisers meet at German grand headquarters 
 in Berlin. 
 
 — Reports from Austria to effect that .Austria's Con- 
 stitution will be revised and provision made for 
 division of Austro-Hungarian Empire into states au- 
 tonomous in home affairs. 
 
 — United States steamer Westbridge (8.800 tons) sunk 
 by torpedo with loss of 3. 
 
Aug. 16 — British steamer Escrick (4,151 tons) torpedoed 
 about 500 miles off French coast ; 13 of 37 picked up ; 
 rest missing. 
 
 Aug. 17 — United States cargo ship Joseph Cudahy tor- 
 pedoed about 700 miles from English coast ; 13 of 
 crew rescued ; 63 missing. 
 
 — French capture plateau north of Autreches, between 
 the Somme and the Marne salients. 
 
 — Americans in the Vosges, east of St. Die, capture vil- 
 lage of Frapelle. 
 
 — Japanese troops land at Vladivostok. 
 
 — A belated message tells of capture of Irkutsk by the 
 Czecho-SIovaks. 
 
 — A message via Berlin says Soviet troops have sur- 
 rounded and are bombing Kazan. 
 
 — British Admiralty reports 2 destroyers sunk by mines, 
 with loss of life. 
 
 — French cruiser Dupetit Thouras sunk by U-boat. 
 
 — Austria denounced British recognition of Czecho-SIo- 
 vaks as a nation and says they will be regarded and 
 treated as traitors. 
 
 — Gen.^ March says there are 1,450,000 United States 
 soldiers in expeditionary forces in all parts of the 
 world. 
 
 — Norwegian steamship San Jose sunk by submarine; 
 no lives lost, and bark Nordhav off Cape Henry. 
 
 Aug. 18 — Americans in village of Frapelle, on western 
 front, repulse enemy patrol raids and make advances 
 in spite of Germans throwing 2,500 shells. 
 
 —Forty survivors of torpedoed British tanker Mirlo 
 reach Norfolk minus all their clothes, after having 
 fought their way through a sea of burning oil; 10 
 were burned to death. 
 
 Aug. 19 — French reach outskirts of Lassigny. British 
 capture Roye, a railroad station. In Lys salient Brit- 
 ish advance on a front of 10 miles and enter Mer- 
 ville. Northwest of Soissons French capture 2,200 
 prisoners. 
 
 — .'\viation statistics for four -'\mcrican squadrons up 
 to Aug. 1 show 59 German planes downed, exclusive 
 of Lufbery's. 
 
 Aug. 20 — Marshal Foch begins drive on 15-miIe front 
 between the Aisne and the Oise ; advances nearly 3 
 miles ; captures a dozen villages and 8,000 prisoners. 
 
 — Czecho-Slovak forces in Western Siberia capture 
 Shadrinsk, on the Siberian Railroad, east of the Urals. 
 
 ■ — Major d'Annunzio, Italy's poet-airman, flies 100 miles 
 across the Adriatic Sea to Pola, the Austrian naval 
 base, and drops 14 bombs on the arsenal. 
 
 — Steam trawler Triumph is captured by a submarine 
 and converted into a raider to prey upon fishing ves- 
 sels. 
 
 Aug. 21 — Gen. March announces 33 United States army 
 divisions on French soil. 
 
 — British troops capture Albert, in Lys salient ; reach 
 outskirts of Neuf-Berquin. French widen front on 
 south bank of Oise; cross the Ailette; approach for- 
 est of Coucy, north of Oise; reach Divette River; 
 take a large number of guns and prisoners. 
 
 — Paris reports capture of 100,000 Germans on western 
 front since Julv 19 ; defeat of 6 German armies since 
 Aug. 15. 
 —The Lake Eden torpedoed and sunk in foreign waters ; 
 6 killed, 7 missing. 
 
 — United States bombing airplanes drop 3S bombs on 
 Conflans, a town on Verdun-Metz railroad. 
 
 — .'Mlied airplanes kill 5, injure 2 and damage private 
 property at Cologne. 
 
 Aug. 22 — At Paris a barge loaded with 540 tons of gas- 
 oline, belonging to United States expeditionary forces, 
 takes fire. 
 
 — Allied representatives at Archangel announce they 
 have come at invitation of rightfully constituted Rus- 
 sian Government to expel the Germans and overturn 
 the Lenine-Trotsky peace treaty. 
 
 — The Gasconier, a Belgian Relief Commission ship, on 
 way to Belgium, outside war zone, with cargo of food, 
 sunk by submarine and lifeboats fired on ; officer and 
 5 men killed ; others wounded. 
 
 Aug. 23 — British airmen bomb Karlsruhe; 9 killed, 6 in- 
 jured. 
 
 — Australians take Chugues and Chugnolles Valley and 
 4,000 prisoners, including 3 battalion commanders; 
 shoot down 2 low flying German air machines by air 
 machines. British airmen attack airdrome at Buhl 
 and railway junction at Treves. 
 
 — Germans defeated on 50-mile front by Britisli and 
 French from the Cojeul to the Ailette, losing many 
 towns, men and guns. 
 
 — British airmen bomb Frankfort, Cologne and Mann- 
 heim. 
 
 — Gen. Foch receives his baton as a Marshal of France 
 from President Poincare. 
 
 — Gen. Semenoff, with force of Czecho-SIovaks, defeats 
 a Magyar-Bolshevist force at Montsievskaia, Siberia. 
 
 — Bray, La Boisselle, Orvillers, Mouquet Farm, Thiepval 
 and Grandcourt are captured with 2,000 prisoners. 
 West of Fismes United States troops carry line as 
 far as Soissons-Rheims road. 
 
 — Two seaplanes collide in fog off Fire Island ; 3 of 
 crew missing. 
 
 — Gen. Haig continues advance from the Ancre to 
 the Somme. British capture Sapignies and Behag- 
 nies, towns north of Bapaume. Welsh troops capture 
 Mametz Woods. French are in possession of entire 
 south bank of the Oise and the Ailette River, from 
 the Oise to Pont St. Mard. 
 
 Aug. 24 — United States troops advance east of Ba- 
 zoches ; repel German raid in the Vosges. 
 
 — Austrian airmen bomb city of Padua. 
 
 — British advance toward Bapaume, in Picardy. on 30- 
 mile front; capture Thiepval, take Bray, La Boisselle, 
 Moquett Farm and Grandcourt ; surround town of 
 Miraumont. LInited States troops advance on half- 
 mile front to Soissons-Rheims road. 
 
 — Submarine chaser No. 309 shelled and svmk by a 
 steamship, Felix Taussig, by mistake ; commander 
 and 15 of crew missing; 4 killed, 5 injured. 
 
 Aug. 2.5 — British advance 10 miles on 30-miIe front, 
 capture La Boisselle, take over 17,000 prisoners; at- 
 tack Bapaume defenses, take Warlencourt, Sapignies 
 and St. Leger. French occupy entire south bank of 
 the Oise, west of the Ailette and the Ailette River, 
 from the Oise to Pont Mt. Marel ; drive Germans from 
 the plateau of Andignicourt, Nanpcel and Carlepont 
 and from heights west of the Ailette. 
 
 — German submarine sinks LInited States schooner F. J. 
 Flaherty and Canadian fishing vessels E. B. Walters, 
 C. M. Walters and Morris B. Adams ; no lives lost. 
 
 Aug. 25, 26, 27, 28 — Allied war planes bombard Con- 
 stantinople 4 times in 3 nights. 
 
 Aug. 26 — British take Monchy and other towns on old 
 Hindenburg line and 1,500 prisoners. French cap- 
 ture Fresnoy, near Roye, and defeat an attack by 
 Prussian Guards on the Ailette. 
 
 — British air raid on Mannheim damages chemical 
 plants. 
 
 — Lenine. Bolshevik Premier of Russia, and Trotsky, 
 War Minister, reported to have taken refuge on ves- 
 sels at Kronstadt and Petrograd respectively. 
 
 Aug. 27 — French capture Roye, take 1,100 prisoners. 
 French extend line on Oise nearly a mile. British 
 again pierce Hindenburg line; capture Dompierre 
 and Montaubin and enter Bapaume. South of Somme 
 Canadians take 2,000 prisoners. 
 
 — Count von Bcrnstorff appointed German envoy at 
 
 Constantinople. 
 Aug. 28 — Allies advance on Somme front. French take 
 Chaulnes and Nesle, 40 villages, reach Canal du Nord. 
 British capture Trones Wood and outflank Arras- 
 Cambrai road. Canadians on the Scarpe take 2,000 
 prisoners. Germans attack Fismette. 
 
 —Gen. March says United States troops and Allies in 
 8 weeks since July 1 have taken 103,000 prisoners, 
 1,300 guns. War Department estimates on basis of 
 prisoners captured that Germany in same period must 
 have lost nearly 350,000 killed and wounded. 
 
 XX 
 
Aug. 29 — British take Bapaume. French take Noyon. 
 Gen. Mangin crosses the Oise ; captures Morlincourt. 
 United States and French troops capture Juvigny, but 
 lose Chavigny. British capture Ginchy and outflank 
 Peronne. British have taken since Aug. 21, 26,000 
 prisoners. 
 Aug. ao — British capture Bullecourt and reach Wotan 
 line. Germans retreat from Flanders. British oc- 
 cupy Bailleul : capture Conblis and advance toward 
 Peronne. United States and French retake Chavigny 
 and extend line east of Coucy. 
 — United States steamer Omega (3,636 tons) torpedoed 
 
 and sunk ; 29 missing. 
 Aug. 31 — British capture Mt. Kemmel, southwest of 
 Ypres and Mt. St. Quentin, and 1,500 prisoners. 
 French cross Canal du Nord, in Sonime region ; cap- 
 ture Chevilly. 
 • — Nicholas Lenine, Bolshevik Premier, wounded twice 
 
 by assailant. 
 ^Spanish steamship Ataz-Mendi, carrying coal from 
 England to Spain, torpedoed and sunk ; no lives lost. 
 Spain seizes all interned German vessels. 
 Sept. 1 — United States troops advance about 2 miles be- 
 yond Juvigny ; take 600 prisoners. Allies take Pe- 
 ronne. Australians take 2,000 prisoners. Allies ad- 
 vance from south of Somme to Lys salient in Flan- 
 ders. French advance north of the Ailette; gain foot- 
 hold in wood west of Coucy-le-Chateau; take Crecy- 
 au-Mont and 1,000 prisoners. 
 — During August British take 57,318 German prison- 
 ers (1,283 officers), 657 guns, over 5,790 machine 
 guns, over 1,000 trench mortars, 3 trains, 9 locomo- 
 tives. 
 • — British advance in Macedonia north of Alcakmah and 
 
 west of Vardar River. 
 Sept. 2 — On western front Allied forces have taken 
 since July 15, 128,302 prisoners, 2,069 guns, 1,734 mine 
 throwers. 13,783 machine guns. 
 — British nierce Droecourt-Queant line; take LeTrans- 
 loy, Dury, Cagnicourt and Bois-le-Bouche. Cana- 
 dians gain over 3 miles. English reach outskirts of 
 Beugny, and take Villers-au-Fois. English and Aus- 
 tralians drive Germans from St. Pierre-Vaast Wood 
 and take villages of Allines and Haut-AUines. French 
 occupy Neuilly, Terny, Sorny and advance north of 
 Crony. 
 — British airmen bomb airdrome at Buhl. 
 Sept. 3 — Germans flee from the Scarpe to the Soinme. 
 Gen, Haig captures 16,000 men. British advance be- 
 tween Epehy and Vermand and break through Wotan 
 switch line. 
 — United States cargo ship Lake Owens (2,308 gross 
 
 tons) sunk by gunfire in foreign waters. 
 • — United States steamer Frank H. Buck sinks a sub- 
 marine in mid-Atlantic by gunfire. 
 Sept. 4 — On west front British cross Canal du Nord, 
 push down from Queant to within 6 miles of Cam- 
 brai. French gain northeast of Noyon and cross 
 Vesle on 20-inile front. 
 — Despatches to United States State Department an- 
 nounce destruction of Bolshevik army east of Lake 
 Baikal. The Omsk Provisional Government declares 
 war on Germany. All Americans in Petrograd re- 
 ported safe. 
 — Powder factory at Plauen, Saxony, blows up. Out 
 
 of 6,800 women employed, 12 escape. 
 Sept. 5 — Allies advance on 90-mile front. British from 
 below Peronne to Equancourt take Hill No. 63, be- 
 yond Wulverghem and Ploegsteert. French advance 
 beyond Canal du Nord, from above the Nesle to north 
 of Noyon. 
 — Since Aug. 1 British have taken about 70,000 prison- 
 ers. French and Americans about 40,000. 
 — United States troops advance over plateau between the 
 
 Vesle and the Aisne. 
 — United States steamer Mount Vernon struck by tor- 
 pedo 200 iniles oif French coast ; 35 men killed by 
 explosion ; reaches port by its own steam. 
 
 Sept. 6 — British advance 3 miles on 12-mile front east of 
 
 Peronne. 
 —British transport Persic (12,042 tons) carrying 2,800 
 United States troops, torpedoed by German subma- 
 rine 200 miles off English coast ; all on board saved. 
 Sept. 7 — General retreat of Germans on front of 100 
 miles, Arras-Cambrai sector to Rheims. British 
 advance 9 miles beyond the Somme ; take Haucourt, 
 Sorel-Ie-Grand and Metz-en-Centerre. French cross 
 St. Quentin Canal ; take Tugny Bridge and station at 
 St. Simon, also Tergniar, 3 miles from La Fere. Brit- 
 ish airmen bomb Mannheim, poison gas center. 
 Sept. 8 — Allies advance 3 miles toward St. Quentin. 
 French advance within 2 miles of La Fere. British 
 occupy Villeveque, Roisel and Ste.-Emilie. United 
 States troops take village of Glennes. 
 Sept. 8 — During first week in September British take 
 
 19,000 prisoners. 
 — United States refugees from Russia reach Stockholm. 
 — Secretary of War Baker, John D. Ryan, Director of 
 Aircraft Production and Surgeon Gen. Gorgas ar- 
 rive in Paris for war conference. 
 Sept. 10 — French close on south end of Hindenburg 
 line; take Gouzeaucourt Wood and occupy Vermand 
 and Vendelles. French again cross Crozat Canal, op- 
 posite Liez ; hold entire length of canal. 
 • — All British and French Consuls throughout Russia 
 controlled by Bolshcviki are imprisoned. Soviet Gov- 
 ernment offers to exchange diplomatists with Eng- 
 land, provided she guarantee safe conduct of all 
 Russians held in London. 
 — Five hundred and twelve counter revolutionists at 
 Petrograd shot in reprisal for killing of Moses 
 LTritzky. Bolshevik Commissioner, and 35 land owners 
 put to death on account of attack on Premier Lenine. 
 Sept. 10 — French close on south end of Hindenburg 
 line ; now less tlian 4 miles from St. Quentin, 2 from 
 La Fere, 1 from St. Gobain. 
 — British airmen bomb U-boat shelters at Bruges and 
 
 docks at Ostend. 
 — Baron Burian, Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, 
 in address to Vienna newspaper men, says military de- 
 cision by Central Powers is doubtful, and proposes 
 calm exchange of views with the Entente Powers. 
 — Ambassador Francis reports recent supplementary 
 treaty between Germany and Russia, which requires 
 expulsion of Allies from Russian territory and pay- 
 ment of 6,000.000 marks by Russia to Germany. 
 — Steamer Berwind sunk by German submarine ; 4 of 
 
 crew lost. 
 Sept. 11 — French capture Travecy, on Hindenburg line, 
 2 miles north of La Fere. British advance near to 
 Cambrai and St. Quentin. Germans counter attack 
 Franco-Americans and suffer heavy losses. 
 — On western front during month of August French 
 bombing machines bring down 380 German airplanes 
 and 06 captive balloons. 
 — Bolsheviki advancing toward Ekaterinburg, east of 
 LIral Mountains, are defeated by Czecho-Slovaks and 
 Siberian forces ; lose 1,000 men, 3 armored trains and 
 11 locomotives, 60 machine guns. 
 — French repulse 6 German attacks in region of Laffaux 
 and Celles-sur-Aisne. British advance in direction of 
 Attilly and Vermand. 
 Sept. 13 — British advance near Cambrai and around 
 La Bassee. Gen. Pershing's forces practically wipe 
 out St. Mihiel salient; take 13,000 prisoners, 60 big 
 guns. The railway, Verdun to Toul and Nancy via 
 St. Mihiel, intact and open to the Allies. Secretary 
 Baker and Gens. Pershing and Retain visit St. Mihiel 
 a few hours after its capture. 
 — xA-llied airmen bomb Metz and Courcelles. 
 Sept. 15 — British capture Maissemy, northwest of St. 
 Quentin. United States troops advance 2 to 3 miles 
 on 33-miIe front ; capture 200 cannon in St. Mihiel 
 wedge. Fortress of Metz opens fire on Allied forces. 
 — British steamship Galway Castle sunk by U-boat ; 120 
 
 lost, 90 of them women and children. 
 — Germany makes peace offer to Belgium. 
 
 XXI 
 
Sept. 16 — British cross St. Qiientin Canal in two places; 
 take 6,00 prisoners. British and French advance 2 
 to 3 miles on 21-mile front. United States and Brit- 
 ish flyers raid Lorraine territory with bombs ; many 
 giant llandley-Paige machines used by Americans. 
 
 — Germans, aiding Bulgars in Macedonia, defeated by 
 Serbs, who take 4,000 prisoners, SO guns. 
 
 — Nine Coast Guard men of United States Seneca die 
 in trying to save British steamer Wellington, torpe- 
 doed. 
 
 — British advance in neighborhood of Ploegsteert and 
 Ypres and north of Arras-Cambrai road. French 
 capture Vailly and Mont-des- Singes, one of the keys 
 to Laon, United States forces establish ney line on 
 St. Mihiel front, engineers repair highways in salient, 
 preparing for further pursuit of Germans. 
 
 — In Macedonia, British begin drive on 10-mile front, 
 carry first and second Bulgar lines ; take 800 pris- 
 oners and 10 guns, 
 
 — Czecho-Slovaks appeal for Allied help to hasten. 
 
 Sept. 18 — United States rejects Austro-Hungarian peace 
 proposal. 
 
 — United States steamer Buena Ventura torpedoed on 
 voyage, Bordeaux to Philadelphia ; 3 boats with 64 
 men missing. 
 
 Sept. 17 — Germans strengthen trenches in front of St. 
 Miliiel .salient; burn towns in Moselle region. 
 
 — In Macedonia, Allies advance S miles on 12-mile front ; 
 take Gradeshnitza, 3,000 prisoners and 24 guns (Jugo- 
 slav division fighting with the French). 
 
 — Serbians reach Koziak. 
 
 — Italians make S attacks on Tassen Ridge ; are repulsed 
 by Austrians. 
 
 Sept. 18 — British advance 3 miles; take Epehy, Peiziere 
 and Gauchy Wood and 6,000 prisoners. French gain 
 over a mile. 
 
 — Franco-Serb forces advance 10 miles on 20-mile 
 front ; cross Gradeshnitza ; take 4,000 prisoners. Uni- 
 ted States tanks attack on the St. Mihiel salient; enter 
 villages of Nousard, Pommes, La Marche and Binney. 
 
 Sept. 19 — English troops take Lempier and Gauchy 
 Wood, .-\ustralians carry Hindenburg outposts in 
 front of Hargicourt, Villeret and Le Vergnier. French 
 reach Dallon, beyond Francilly and Salency, 2 miles 
 from St. Quentin. Germans counter attack on north- 
 ern part of British front and on French front in Sois- 
 sons sector. 
 
 — In Macedonia, Serbs penetrate Bulgar defenses on 25- 
 mile front; advance 15 to 17 miles; take 5,000 pris- 
 oners, 80 guns. 
 
 — General Allenby, in Palestine, attacks Turks on 16-mile 
 front ; breaks through between Rafat and the sea and 
 advances 12 miles ; takes 3,000 prisoners. 
 
 — British evacuate Baku, on the Caspian Sea, and with- 
 draw to Persian base. 
 
 — German Ambassador, in Vienna, presents Germany's 
 reply to Austro-Hungarian peace note, and says Ger- 
 many is ready to participate in proposed exchange of 
 ideas. 
 
 Sept. 20 — On the western front British retake Moeuvres. 
 
 — Since Sept. 18. 18 German divisions have been de- 
 feated by United Kingdom and Australian troops; 
 10.000 prisoners and more than 60 guns taken. 
 
 — British Air Ministry reports 60 tons of bombs dropped 
 on German territory in 5 days, chiefly poison gas and 
 airplane factories at Mannheim, at Daimler works 
 at Stuttgart, railway station at Frankfort and docks 
 and sidings at Karlsrulie; 101 German machines de- 
 stroyed. 37 disabled ; British losses, 50. 
 
 — .Austrian U-boat sinks Frencli submarine Circe ; sec- 
 ond officer the only survivor. 
 
 — An enemy submarine captures United States steam 
 trawler Kingfisher after torpedoing it, 95 miles off 
 English coast ; the crew escapes. 
 
 — United States steamer Ticonderoga (5,130 tons) sunk 
 by submarine in midocean without warning; 10 offi- 
 cers, 102 enlisted men lost ; 2 officers, 5 men taken 
 prisoners. 
 
 — AlHed air forces bomb Mannheim, Karlsruhe, Bolnay, 
 Frascaty and Mohange. 
 
 — In Central Macedonia, Serbs advance 12 miles, taking 
 16 villages. German and Bulgar reinforcements arrive. 
 
 Sept. 21 — French troops take town of Benay, south- 
 east of Essign\-. British improve position west of 
 Messines and south of Ypres. British yield in some 
 places, but make net advance ; take 400 prisoners. 
 The Americans now 10 miles from Metz and the same 
 from Conflans. 
 
 — Serbians, east of IMonastir, advance 5 miles, occupy 
 10 villages. 
 
 —Gen. March, United States Chief of Staff, says 1,750,- 
 000 soldiers have been sent abroad. 
 
 — United States Government directs its Ambassadors 
 and Ministers in neutral and Allied countries to as- 
 certain whether Governments to which they are ac- 
 credited will join in immediate action to protest 
 a.gainst Russian terrorism. 
 
 — Japanese Cabinet, headed by Field Marshal Count 
 Tcrauchy, resigns. 
 
 Sept. 22 — United States troops make 2 raids on Ger- 
 mans northeast of St. Mihiel ; take 34 prisoners, 2 
 machine guns. 
 
 — Serbian forces advance in region of Cebren, take liigh 
 crest near Porta and Czena. 
 
 — In Palestine. Gen. Allenby advances beyond Nazareth, 
 taking 18,000 prisoners, 120 guns, much ammunition. 
 
 — The Havas Agency, chief French news bureau 
 says Allies took 185,(X)0 prisoners in last 2 months, 
 and estimates enemy's losses of men unable to return 
 to the ranks at 600,000. 
 
 Sept. 23 — On western front 2 British airmen in 1 ma- 
 chine capture 65 Germans, directin.g them to the Brit- 
 ish lines. On Lorraine front "American Flying Cir- 
 cus" now accredited with 137 aerial victories. 
 
 — In Macedonia, northeast of Monastir, French cav- 
 alry capture Prilet. In Doiran region Anglo-Greek 
 forces join with Franco- Greeks in pursuit of Bulga- 
 rians. Anglo-Greeks reach Smokvitsa, an advance of 
 10 miles. 
 
 — In Palestine, British cavalry capture Acre and Es 
 Salt and Port of Hisa. Arab Allies take Malan ; pris- 
 oners in drive exceed 25,000. 
 
 Sept. 24 — Count von Hertling, in Reichstag, declares 
 public discontent in Germany not justified by military 
 situation on western front ; he admits the situation is 
 grave, but says: "We have no cause to be faint- 
 hearted ; we have already had to pass through harder 
 times." 
 
 Sept. 25 — On western front British occupy Village of 
 Selency ; make slight advance near Inchy west of 
 Cambrai. In same sector French take 10 German offi- 
 cers and more than S(X) men ; take by assault the Vil- 
 lage of I'Epine-de-Dallon. United States long-range 
 guns bombard Metz and civilians begin packing. 
 
 — On the Macedonian front Bulgarians are retreating on 
 130-mile front; whole of Monastir- Prilep-Gradsko 
 road, connecting the two Bulgar armies, is in the 
 liands of the Alhes. Italian troops in western Mace- 
 donia occupy heights north of Topolchani, between 
 Monastir and Prilep. 
 
 — London announces officially 40,(XX} prisoners, 265 
 guns, taken by Gen. AUenby's forces in Palestine. 
 
 — Ottawa issues statement Canadian net war losses to 
 Aug. 1, 115,806 (this includes killed, died of wounds, 
 missing, prisoners of war, and men discharged as 
 medically unfit). 
 
 — British airmen bomb Frankfort and German air- 
 dromes at Buhl and Kaiserlauten. 
 
 — Russian Bolshevik Government issues decree to end 
 reign of terror and return to orderly methods. 
 
 Sept. 26 — United States troops, on 20-miIe front, ad- 
 vance 7 miles between Argonne Forest and Verdun ; 
 take 12 towns, 5,0(X) prisoners. Left of the Ameri- 
 cans, French advance 4 miles retake strong positions. 
 
 — British occupy Amman, in Palestine; hold the River 
 Jordan; with the Arabs surround 4th Turkish Army 
 of 25,000; prisoners now number 45,000. 
 
— Serbs capture Veles, 25 miles southeast of Uskub and 
 Istip; also take Kochana. British capture Strumitza, 
 6 miles across Bulgarian front. 
 
 — Naval patrol boat Tampa torpedoed and sunk in Brit- 
 ish Channel, with all on board (118). 
 
 — On western front British airplanes bomb railways of 
 Metz-Sablon, Andun-le-Roman, Mezieres and Thion- 
 ville, and the Frescati airdrome. 
 
 Sept. 27 — British attack on Cambrai front, take Epinay 
 and Oisy-le-Verger and .500 prisoners. Canadian di- 
 vision passes Haynecourt, reaches Dnai-Cambrai road. 
 United States forces take Charpentry, Very, Epinon- 
 ville and Ivoyry. French and United States forces 
 advance 2 miles on 20-mile front ; capture 20 towns ; 
 take 18,000 prisoners. 
 
 — Gen. Allenby takes 5.000 Turk prisoners and 350 guns. 
 
 — Bulgaria applies to British Government for an armis- 
 tice. Gen. Franchet de Espcrey, in command of Al- 
 lied armies in Macedonia, telegraphs the French Gov- 
 ernment that Bulgarian officers had applied for 48- 
 hour armistice, that he had refused to suspend hos- 
 tilities, but would receive delegates. 
 
 Sept. 28 — Gen. Haig's men cross Scheldt Canal, cut 
 Cainbrai-Douai road and now within 2 miles of Cam- 
 brai ; take Highland and Welsh Ridges, capture Noy- 
 elles-sur-L'Escaut, Cantaing and Fontaine-Notre- 
 Dame. French on Aisne front capture Ft. Mal- 
 maison ; take Somme-Py, Jouy and Aizi. Canadians 
 take the villages of Raillencourt and Sailly. United 
 States troops advance 2 miles to outskirts of BrieuUes 
 and Exermont. United States batteries hit 2 trains 
 loaded with German troops entering Brieulles. Bel- 
 gian and British troops advance over 4 miles ; take 
 Houthulst Wood and most of Barchaentall Ridge. 
 
 Sept. 28 — Panic on Budapest Bourse and peace riots in 
 Berlin during which many statues are smashed. 
 
 — Von Hertling resigns as Chancellor and Admiral von 
 Hintze as Foreign Secretary. 
 
 — Week's British losses : Officers killed or died of 
 wounds, 432 ; men, 3,936 ; officers wounded or miss- 
 ing, 804 : men, 10,757. 
 
 Sept. 29 — .'\n English division swims St. Quentin Canal ; 
 pierces Hindenburg line north of Bellenglise (only 1 
 drowned) ; take 4,200 prisoners (1,000 in Bellenglise 
 Tunnel), 70 cannon, over 1,000 machine guns. Total 
 British casualty list, 800. 
 
 — French take Revillon, Romain and Montigny-sur- 
 Vesle. Italians, north of the Aisne, capture Soupir. 
 Between Bellicourt and Gonnelieu, United States, Aus- 
 tralian and English troops gain ground. At Bonyard, 
 Villers-Guislain Germans make slight advance. Al- 
 lies forced to withdraw from villages of Aubendreul- 
 au-Bac and Arleux. 
 
 — 10,000 Turks surrender to British at Zaza station, Pal- 
 estine. 
 
 Sept. 30 — Belgians capture Roulers ; take 300 guns. 
 British occupy Gheluive; take 97 guns and within 2 
 miles of Nenin. French reach the Oise-Aisne Canal ; 
 capture half of Chemin-des-Dames and 1,600 prison- 
 ers. British advance continues in St. Quentin-Cam- 
 brai sector ; take Thorigny. Lie Tronquoy and Gon- 
 nelieu. British again cross Scheldt Canal and take 
 Crevecoeur, 4 miles south of Cambrai. 
 
 - — On Verdun front, IS United States pursuit planes 
 battle with 25 German Fokkers and bring down 7 ; 
 losing none. 
 
 — United States steamer Ticonderoga torpedoed in mid- 
 ocean ; 2 army officers, 99 seamen, 10 navy officers lost. 
 
 — British forces surround Damascus, in Palestine. 
 
 — Secretary of State Lansing, in reply to Germany's 
 threat to execute United States prisoners of war 
 found with shot guns, gave notice that in such event 
 reprisals will be taken on German prisoners in LInited 
 States. 
 
 — Bulgaria quits. Bulgarian delegates sign armistice. 
 Bulgaria to evacuate Greece and Serbia, demobilize 
 army and surrender means of transportation, free 
 passage to be given across territory and a right to 
 occupy strategic points ; terms purely military ; no po- 
 litical conditions. 
 
 — Prince Maximilian of Baden succeeds Count George 
 F. von Hertling as German Premier. 
 
 Oct. 1 — Field Marshal Haig reports British forces dur- 
 ing September took 66,300 prisoners, including 1,500 
 officers, 700 guns, thousands of machine gims; total 
 captures August and September 123,618 prisoners, 
 including 2.783 officers, about 1,400 guns. 
 
 — Gen. Debeny's cavalry (French) enter St. Quentin at 
 heels of retreating Germans. Cambrai in flames. 
 Gen. Plumer (Belgian) crosses the Lys ; takes Co- 
 mines; he is only 6 miles from Courtrai. Belgian 
 forces nearing Bruges. Gen. Gouraud continues ad- 
 vance in Champagne district. United States forces 
 battle with Germans in Argonne region. British cap- 
 ture Levergies, and with Canadians, Proville and Til- 
 lay, and clear enemy from high ground south of Le 
 Catelet. 
 
 — Since Sept. 26 French have taken 13,000 prisoners 
 between the Suippc and the Argonne. 
 
 — Gen. Pershing reports United States airmen since 
 Sept. 26 have brought down on western front more 
 than 100 hostile planes and 21 balloons. 
 
 — Gen. Allenby captures Damascus and takes 7,000 
 Turks. Since Sept. 20 AUenby's forces have marched 
 130 miles; taken over 50,000 prisoners; destroyed 3 
 Turkish armies. Arab forces are fighting with Allies 
 in Palestine and Syria. 
 
 Oct. 1-2 — German airplane bombards a French hospital 
 at Chalons ; many French soldiers killed and wounded. 
 
 Oct. 2 — Serbian troops enter Nish. 
 
 — Paris says officially Allies captured July 15 to Sept. 
 30 5,518 officers, 248,494 men, 3,069 cannon, more than 
 23,000 machine guns, hundreds of mine throwers. 
 
 — North of Cambrai New Zealand and Anglo-Scottish 
 troops drive enemy from Crevecoeur and Rumilly. 
 
 — Australian troops, northeast of Damascus, capture 
 Turkish column; take 1,500 prisoners, 2 guns, 40 ma- 
 chine guns. 
 
 Oct. 2 — New York troops force back Germans in Ar- 
 gonne Forest. Armies of Gens. Gouraud and Berth- 
 elot continue advance on front east and west of 
 Rheims ; reach Aisne Canal, pass beyond St. Quentin. 
 Germans recapture Esquehart on British front, other- 
 wise whole of Hindenburg system below Bellicourt 
 Tunnel in hands of British. British advance 2,000 
 yards southeast of Roulers ; take Rolleghemcapelle. 
 French occupy PouUoin, and take forts of St. Thiery 
 and St. Quentin. North of Vesle River capture Ron- 
 cy, Guyencourt, Bouffignereux, Villers-Frangueux, 
 Cauroy and Courcy. French troops pierce over 5 
 miles of barbed wire and take Challerange (important 
 railway junction), northwest of Rheims; take Cor- 
 micy ; reach Aisne Canal, between Conavreux and La 
 Neuvillette ; take 2,800 prisoners ; in center Gen. Ber- 
 thelot captures Loivre. 
 
 — Thirty Italian naval units and a larger number of 
 airmen bombard town and harbor of Durazzo, in 
 Albania. 
 
 Oct. 3 — Latest summary of war material taken by 
 United States troops in Argonne section shows 120 
 guns, 2,750 trench mortars, 300 machine guns, 100 
 anti-tank guns, thousands of shells, hundreds of thou- 
 sands rounds of small arms ammunition. 
 
 — On western front in week ending today Allies have 
 taken 60,000 prisoners and 1,000 guns. 
 
 — British troops are in Lenz and Armentieres and with- 
 in 7 miles of Lille. 
 
 — United States cargo steamship Lake City (3,500 tons) 
 collides with oil tanker James McKee off Key West 
 and sinks; 30 of crew (35) reported safe. 
 
 — Italian steamship Alberta Treves (3,838 tons) torpe- 
 doed about 300 miles off American coast ; 21 of crew 
 missing. 
 
 — Greek troops enter Drama ; Bulgarians in withdraw- 
 ing carry off cattle, cereals, and railroad rolling stock. 
 
 — French airmen bomb enemy cantonments and biv- 
 ouacs in Lenz region, in Valley of Suippe and railway 
 stations. 
 
 XXIXI 
 
Oct. 4 — German retreat continues on l^enz front. Brit- 
 ish advance to witliin 6 miles of Lille, at Wavrin and 
 Erquinghem ; reacli outskirts of Montbrehain, north 
 of St. Quentin. Belgians and French make slight ad- 
 vance toward Hooglede and Roulers. On Britisli 
 front Germans retake Montbrehain and Beaurevoir. 
 Germans evacuate Brimart and Berru. Northwest of 
 Verdun .5 United States airmen fight 7 Germans ; 
 bring down 1. Seven German planes brought down 
 by anti-air-craft guns. Eight United States pursuit 
 planes run into squadron of 25 German planes ; 5 Ger- 
 mans brought down ; Americans losing 1. 
 
 ■ — On western front in past week British airplanes drop 
 300 tons of bombs on railway between the coast and 
 the Somme ; over northern France and Belgium 124 
 enemy machines brought down ; 46 driven out of con- 
 trol ; 90 British machines missing. 
 
 ■ — United States steamer Herman Frasch sunk at sea in 
 collision with United States steamer George G. Hen- 
 ry; 7 officers, 16 men missing. 
 
 — United States cargo steamship San Saba (2,4.')8 tons) 
 hits mine and sinks, 15 miles southeast of Barnegat, 
 N. J. 
 
 — United States scout patrol No. 397 sinks by internal 
 explosion in Long Island Sound ; 55 rescued. 
 
 — Italians occupy Herat, cross Semenyi River and the 
 plain of Mazukja. 
 
 —Baron von Hussarck, Austrian Prime IMinister, re- 
 signs. 
 
 Oct. 5 — Gen. Haig advances above St. Quentin. Ger- 
 mans leaving Lille, set fire to Douai. French take 
 heights beyond Rheims, reach Betheniville ; capture 
 Fort Brimart ; advance 4 miles past Morlanvillers 
 stronghold : cross Aisne Canal at several points. Gen. 
 Gouraud's army drives enemy from Challerange. 
 
 — British capture Beaurevoir and Montbrehain, north of 
 St. Quentin, and 1,000 prisoners. Americans attack 
 between the Meuse and the Argonne ; advance 2 
 miles. French gain ground northwest of Rheims. 
 
 — Gen. Allenby advances from Damascus toward Beirut ; 
 has taken 15,000 more prisoners, making total of 
 71,000, besides 8,000 claimed by Arab army of King 
 Hussein. 
 
 • — King Ferdinand abdicates Bulgarian throne in favor 
 of oldest son, Boris. 
 
 Oct. 5 — King Boris, new King of Bulgaria, orders de- 
 mobilization. 
 
 — Bulgaria notifies Austrians and Germans to quit her 
 territory within a month. 
 
 — Imperial German Chancellor Prince Maximilian, in 
 Reichstag, proposes an immediate suspension of hos- 
 tilities. Entente Allies to be asked to state their peace 
 terms. 
 
 Oct. 6 — In Champagne region Germans retreat on 28- 
 mile front. French capture heights around Nogent 
 I'Abbesse ; occupy Pomade ; advance lines to south 
 of Boult-sur-Suippe; cross the Aisne. Italians take 
 Soupir. British capture town of Fresnoy, south of 
 Cambrai. Germans retreat on 7-mile front in Rheims 
 salient. United States troops capture St. Etienne, 
 1,700 prisoners, including 48 ofiicers. Americans cross 
 Scheldt Canal. Gen. Haig's forces reach Haute- 
 Deurle Canal line. Germans continue retreat be- 
 tween Lenz and Armentieres, evacuate Le Cateau, 15 
 miles southeast of Cambrai. 
 
 — German Chancellor Prince Maximilian, through Swiss 
 Government, sends note to President Wilson request- 
 ing him to take in hand restoration of peace, ac- 
 quaint belligerents of request and invite them to send 
 plenipotentiaries ; says German Government accepts 
 Wilson programme of Jan. 8 and later addresses and 
 requests immediate armistice. 
 
 — Franco-Americans cross the Aisne. Gen. Berthelot's 
 army crosses Aisne Canal north of Rheims. 
 
 — Sir Eric Geddes, First Lord of British Admiralty, and 
 members of Admiralty Board, arrive at an Atlantic 
 port. 
 
 — Italians take Dibra. 
 
 — Serbians enter Vranje (about 50 miles south of Nish). 
 
 — In Albania Italians reach Lindas. 
 
 — Armed mercantile cruiser Otranto collides with steam- 
 ship Reishniir off Scottish coast and sinks; 364 United 
 States soldiers lost. 
 
 Oct. 7 — French pursue Germans northeast of Rheims ; 
 take Berry-au-Bac, cross Arnes River, take St. Mas- 
 mes. northeast of Rheims. British advance on 4-mile 
 front north of Scarpe River ; take 2 villages. United 
 States troops strike on left wing east of the Argonne. 
 British take villages of Biache-St. Vaast and Oppy. 
 Germans set fire to Laon. 
 
 — French sailors capture Beirut, seaport of Syria, on 
 the Mediterranean. 
 
 — Serbian troops advance north of Vranje, toward Nish; 
 take 1,500 Austro-German prisoners. 
 
 — United States troops drive enemy out of Chalet- 
 Chehery and seize height west of the Aire. British and 
 United .States troops attack between St. Quentin and 
 Cambrai; advance about 2 miles on entire front; cap- 
 ture Beaugard and Fremont. On left French, Scot- 
 tish and Welsh take village of Serain. In center Brit- 
 ish and Welsh take Malincourt. New Zealanders 
 take Esnes. British take Fresnes-les-Montauban and 
 Neuvireuil. 
 
 — Italians advance north in Albania ; take city of El- 
 bassan. 
 
 - — French, on Suippe front, reach outskirts of Conde- 
 sur-Suippe, and capture Bazancourt ; northeast of 
 St. Quentin capture Fontaine-Uterte and Bellecourt 
 Farm; also wood east of Tilloy, Hill 134 and village 
 of Roucroy. 
 
 — Between St. Quentin and Cambrai British and French 
 advance over 3 miles. Hindenburg system penetrated 
 south of Cambrai. Llnited States troops take Cornay. 
 
 Oct. 8 — Serbians take Leskovatz, 25 miles south of Nish, 
 and reach line of Lippvitza and Kassanecevich 10 
 miles north of Leskovatz; take 3.000 prisoners. 
 
 — Italian ileet, aided by United States submarine and 
 French and British destroyers, attack and destroy 
 -Austrian fleet and naval base of Durazzo. 
 
 — British occupy Beirut ; take 60 Turkish officers, 600 
 men. 
 
 ^Stockholm reports Norwegian steamship Gjertrud 
 (593 tons) sunk b}' German submarine; 11 of crew 
 missing. 
 
 — Tlie President, through Secretary of State Lansing, 
 asks Imperial German Government if it accepts terms 
 laid down liy him on Jan. S, 1918. Says he could not 
 propose armistice to Allies so long as German or Aus- 
 trian armies are on their soil, and asks whether the 
 Imperial Chancellor is speaking merely for the con- 
 stituted authorities of the Empire, who have thus far 
 conducted the war. 
 
 Oct. 9 — Allies capture Cambrai, which the Germans, in 
 retreating, set fire to. 
 
 — United States troops break through Kriemhilde line 
 on both sides of the Meuse, and with French, clear 
 Argonne Wood. 
 
 — United States aero bombing expedition of 200 bomb- 
 ing airplanes, 100 pursuit machines, 50 triplanes, drop 
 32 tons of explosives on German cantonment in area 
 between Wavrille and Danvillers, about 12 miles north 
 of Verdun ; during fight destroy 12 enemy planes. 
 In addition, same day. United States airplanes brought 
 down 5 German machines and balloons. 
 
 — Serbians reach Goritza. 
 
 — United States submarine chaser No. 219 sinks from 
 an explosion; 1 killed, 1 missing; an officer and 8 men 
 injured. 
 
 — Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, brother-in-law of 
 German Emperor, elected King of Einland by Finnish 
 Landtag. 
 
 British armored car batteries enter Ballber, 500 
 Turks surrender to local inhabitants. 
 
 Oct. 10 — British take Cambrai and advance 12 miles be- 
 yond; take Le Cateau, important railway junction, 
 and Roucroy, 7 miles northwest of Douai. French 
 advance east of St. Quentin. United States troops 
 capture Vaux-Andigny and St. Souplet, also Busigny, 
 6 miles southwest of Le Cateau. 
 
 XXIV 
 
Oct. 10 — Since beginning of St. JNIiliicl offensive United ■ — Week's British casualty list: Killed or died of 
 
 States anti-aircraft cannon and machine guns have 
 brought down 32 enemy planes; 20 by machine guns; 
 12 by heavier guns. 
 
 — Irish mail steamer Lcinster, carrying 6S7 passengers 
 and a crew of 7.5, torpedoed in Irish Channel by Ger- 
 man submarine; 480 lives lost. 
 
 Oct. 11 — French continue pursuit of Germans east of 
 St. Quentin, advance 4 miles, occupy Fieulaine, Neu- 
 villette, Regny, Chatillon-sur-Oisc, and Thenelles ; 
 south of Oise take Servais ; between Ailette and 
 Aisne take Beaulieu-et-Chivy, Vermeuil, Cortonne 
 and Bourg-et-Camin ; cross the Aisne, occupy Parg- 
 nan and Ijeaurieux and capture Termcs, and Grand- 
 pre railroad station. British capture lurvy (in angle 
 between Selle River and Scheldt Canal) and Village 
 of Briastre ; between the Scarpe and Quiery-la-Motte, 
 take Sailly-cn-Ostrevcnt, Vitry-en-Artois, Izel-les- 
 Equerchin, Drocourt and Fouquicres. 
 
 Oct. 12 — Gen. Haig and British advance within a mile 
 of Douai. Germans retire behind the Suesce Canal. 
 French capture Vouziers. 
 
 — At Metropolitan Opera House, New York City, the 
 President receives from Associated Press unofficial 
 text of Germany's reply to his questions of Oct. 8 — 
 accepts terms of Mr. Wilson's address of Jan. 28, 1918 ; 
 suggests a mi.Ked commission to make arrangements ; 
 agrees to evacuation and claims to be supported by 
 great majority of the Reichstag and to speak in the 
 name of the German people. 
 
 — The British hold villages of Hamel. Brebieres and 
 Ceuiney and capture Montigny, Harnes and Anany. 
 United States troops take Consenvoye Woods and 
 Molleville Farm and are before St. Juvin and Cumel, 
 which are in flames. United States troops .gain .'i 
 miles on 40-mile front, defeat 7 German divisions ; 
 capture 10,000 prisoners; take St. Mihiel, Thioncourt 
 and other towns. 
 
 — United States transport Amphian (7,109 tons), home- 
 ward bound, has 2 hours' running fight with U-boat 
 800 miles off Atlantic coast ; 8 men wounded, 2 fatally. 
 
 — Serbians capture Nish. 
 
 — Japanese troops, under Gen. Muto, arrive at Irkutsk; 
 are welcomed by Gen. Ivanoff, War Minister of Omsk 
 Government. 
 
 Oct. 13 — French take Laon and La Fere. Gen. Gouraud 
 reached Aisne bend below Rethel, 27 miles northeast 
 of Rheims. The British cross the Sensee Canal ; 
 take 200 prisoners. 5,000 civilians m villages and 
 towns taken are liberated. 
 
 — Since beginning Champagne offensive French have 
 taken 21,567 pr'isoners (499 officers), 600 guns, 3,500 
 machine guns, 200 mine throwers, a great quantity of 
 munuions and war materials. 
 
 — President Poincare, in Paris, makes Premier Hughes 
 of Australia a grand officer of the Legion of Flonor. 
 
 Oct. 14 — In Albania, Italians take Durazzo. French 
 take Prizrend and Mitravitsa; are now 150 miles from 
 Monastir and same from Sarajevo. 
 
 Oct. 14 — British cavalry advance ; occupy Tripoli. 
 
 — British attack on 20-mile front toward Lys River and 
 get canal. Gen. Plumer's troops capture Menin Junc- 
 tion. Belgians and French take Thourout and Rou- 
 lers. French advance in Champagne, near Rethel. 
 Allied line is within 2 miles of Courtrai. To the 
 south British cross Haute-Deul Canal, on a 5-mile 
 front. French and British reach the Courtrai-Ingel- 
 manistcr railway. 
 
 — In Flanders offensive so far 10,000 prisoners have been 
 taken. 
 
 — United States troops pass beyond Cumel and Ronag- 
 ny, pierce positions of St. Georges and Landres-et-St. 
 Georges ; take about 750 prisoners. United States 
 patrol crosses Selle River near St. Souplet ; takes 30 
 prisoners. Allies take Denaat, Bosehmolen, Gulleg- 
 hem. Wulverghem and Wervicq. French capture 
 Roulers. Belgians take Hazebrook, Gitsberg and Bev- 
 erin. All take prisoners. Day's total, 7,100. Ger- 
 mans react heavily in area north of Le Cateau. 
 
 wounds, ofliccrs 552, men 6,9;i7 ; wounded or missing, 
 officers 1,741, men 26,480. 
 
 — France breaks diplomatic relations with Finland. 
 
 — The President replies to Germany's peace offer in 
 effect that military supremacy of armies of United 
 States and Allies nuist be safeguarded, processes and 
 methods left to military advisers; illegal and inhu- 
 mane practices must cease and German people must 
 alter their government so that no one power can of 
 its single 'choice destroy the peace of the world. 
 
 — M. Frank Bouillon, head of Parliamentary Commis- 
 sion on Foreign Affairs, says France will insist on 
 evacuation of occupied territory, including Alsace- 
 Lorraine ; will demand guarantees for everything, 
 taking German word for nothing. 
 
 — New Turkisli Cabinet, Tewfik Pasha Premier, noti- 
 fies Austria-llungary that owing to military condi- 
 tions Turkey must conclude a separate peace with the 
 Entente. 
 
 Oct. 15 — United States troops widen breach in Kriem- 
 liild line. German counter attacks fail. Left wing 
 crosses the Aire and pass Grand Pre ; center takes 
 Hill 286. British, in Selle Valley, take village of 
 Haussy and 300 prisoners. Gen. Plumer in last 3 
 days advances S miles in Flanders ; takes towns of 
 Comincs, Wervicq, Menin, Wulverghem, Heule and 
 Guerne. 
 
 — United States transport America sinks at Hoboken 
 pier. 
 
 — British occupy Honis without opposition. 
 
 — Czechs, in Prague, Bohemia, start revolt against rule 
 of Austria; martial law proclaimed throughout Bo- 
 hemia. 
 
 Oct. 16 — British cross the Lys, between Armentieres 
 and Menin. Southwest of Rethel French capture vil- 
 lage of ."Xcy-Romance ; northwest of Sissonne take 
 Notre Dame de Licsse and village of Talma. United 
 States troops occupy town of Grand Pre ; capture La 
 Musari Farm. French cavalry approach Thielt, 7 
 miles from Ghent-Bruges Canal (10 miles from Hol- 
 land border). British reach Quesnoy, 4 miles north 
 of Lille; take Linselles. Belgians attack Bavichae, 
 northeast of Courtrai. Liege division of Belgium 
 captures German colonel, his staff and 2,000 men. 
 Belgians cut Thourout-Ostcnd road and are astride 
 of Thourout-Bruges Road. 
 
 — .-Mlied forces, including LInited States troops, repulse 
 Bolshevik attacks on banks of Dvina. Americans and 
 Russians advance toward Welsk, 125 miles northeast 
 of Vologda. 
 
 — British cavalry occupy Tripoli, 45 miles north of 
 Beirut. 
 
 — London reports that up to July 31, India had con- 
 tributed 1,115,189 men to the British Army. First 
 Indian war loan, $200,000,000 ; a second loan still 
 greater in amount not specified. 
 
 — Germany's Federal Council accepts amendment to 
 the Constitution ; Iiercafter consent of Federal Council 
 and of the Reichstag required for peace treaties in 
 case of declaration of war, except in case of invasion. 
 
 — Baron Burian, Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister 
 says to Foreign Affairs Conmiittee of Austrian dele- 
 gations, in discussing President's note: "We always 
 establish an agreement with Germany."- 
 
 Oct. 16 — Serbian troops capture Krushevatz, 30 miles 
 northwest of Nish. German airplanes bomb Nish. 
 
 — The French take Ipek, in Montenegro. 
 
 Oct. 17 — Allied troops capture Ostend, Bruges and 
 Lille, and occupy Douai. King Albert of Belgium 
 and Queen Elizabeth enter Ostend. The French 
 cross the Oise, S miles southwest of Guise. United 
 States troops take ChatiUon Wood. 
 
 — Germans bombard Dunkirk with long range guns ; 3 
 Americans killed ; 1 man wounded. 
 
 Oct. 18 — Allies take Zeebrugge, Bruges, Thielt, Tour- 
 coing, Roubaix and many other small towns. Brit- 
 ish take more of Lille salient. United States and Brit- 
 ish troops attack east of Le Cateau, take Bazel. 
 French troops retake Forest of Andigny and village 
 
 XXV 
 
of Mennevret, a gain of 3 miles. United States in- 
 fantry advance north of Romagne and take Banthe- 
 ville; northwest of Grand Pre, take Talma Farm. 
 
 • — More than 60 United States bombing planes attack 
 Bayonville, Buzancy and other towns north of Grand 
 Pre ; escorting planes bring down 10 German planes. 
 140 United States planes raid beyond German lines 
 and all return. They raid Remonville, Briquenay, 
 Verpel, Clery-le-Grand, Aincreville and Inrecourt ; 
 pursuit planes engage in 3.i aero tights, bring down 12 
 enemy planes. 
 
 — French Premier Clemenceau, in Chamber of Deputies, 
 says : "Our victory does not spell revenge." 
 
 — Czechs occupy Prague, in Bohemia. Czecho-SIovak 
 National Council, sitting in Paris, formally declares 
 independence. 
 
 — Emperor Charles proclaims plan for federalization of 
 Austria. 
 
 • — Guatemala confiscates German owned electric light 
 company at Guatemala City. 
 
 Oct. 19 — British advance east of Lille toward Tournai. 
 British. Americans and French press Germans along 
 the Oise-Sambre Canal and in Argonne and Meuse 
 region. Germans withdraw from Belgian and French 
 front from North Sea to the Sambre. 6,000 Germans 
 are caught between advancing troops and the Holland 
 frontier above Eecloo. Germans evacuate Loges 
 Wood on northwest and Bantheville Wood to the 
 east. 
 
 — Allies capture Zaietchar, close to Bulgarian border. 
 
 — President says to Austria, in effect : "United States, 
 having recognized Czecho-Slovaks, the terms of Jan. 
 8 address no longer aoplies," and refuses an armistice. 
 
 Oct. 20 — Allied forces drive back Gen. Ludendorfif's 40 
 divisions above and below Valenciennes, on the 
 Scheldt, a pivotal point. The British are within a 
 mile of Valenciennes and within 7 miles of Ghent. 
 The French surround city of Audenarde, 15 miles be- 
 low Ghent. Gen. Gouraud attacks west of the Meuse; 
 takes heights east of the Aisne, north and south of 
 Vouzieres, 20 guns and many prisoners. United 
 States troops advance on edge of Bois-de-Bantheville 
 and in region of Bourretf ; clean up Bois-de-Rappes, 
 take 80 prisoners; cross Oise Canal. 
 
 — French and Serbs reach the Danube, in the region 
 of Vielin (an important Bulgaria river town) ; across 
 the Danube lies Califat, a Roumanian city. 
 
 — German note, unofficial, is received by wireless. On 
 its face accepts President Wilson's conditions ; claims 
 Kaiser's personal arbitrary powers have been taken 
 from him; denies barbarity; claims retreat destruc- 
 tions permissible under international law. Subma- 
 rines all recalled to their bases. 
 
 Oct. 31 — British week's casualty list : Killed or died of 
 wounds, officers 517, men 4,971; wounded or missing, 
 officers 1.464, men 30,198. 
 
 ^British airmen attack barracks and railways at Metz ; 
 7 battle machines missing. German airmen bomb re- 
 gion around Clermont, Montfaucon and Rarecourt. 
 
 — Serbian and French forces reach Paracin, 46 miles 
 northwest of Nish, 85 miles southeast of Belgrade; 
 take 1,000 Austro-German prisoners. 
 
 — King George of England, in speech to inter-parlia- 
 mentary delegates at Buckingham Palace, says : "Vic- 
 tory is within reach and must be complete." 
 
 — Socialist papers in Germany demand that the Kaiser 
 abdicate. 
 
 Oct. 22 — Chancellor Maximilian says in Reichstag, 
 "German people will not submit to a peace by violence, 
 nor will thev be brought blindlv to the conference 
 table." 
 
 Oct. 22 — British cross the Scheldt, 5 miles north of 
 Tournai. French and Belgians advance toward 
 Ghent, cross Lys Canal at several points. Allies drive 
 toward Conde, with Mons as objective. British cap- 
 ture Ourcq. French advance between Serre and the 
 Oise ; reach Assis-sur-Serre and the St. Jacques Farm, 
 northwest of Chalandry. Czecho-SIovak forces aid 
 in the recapture of village of Terron. 
 
 — Serbians occupy Massif of Mecka, and village of Cice- 
 vak ; take 300 prisoners. 
 
 — The Turks quit Tabriz, Persia. 
 
 Oct. 23 — President Wilson replies to the German note, 
 says he will take up question of armistice with his co- 
 belligerents ; refers details to field commanders and 
 says; "If we must deal with the present Imperial 
 Government of Germany we cannot trust it and must 
 demand surrender." 
 
 — British gain on 17-mile front south of Valenciennes; 
 approach Le Quesnoy; take Chatillon and Orrs. West 
 of the Meuse United States forces take Bantheville, 
 Brieulles and Hills 297, 299 and 281, Belle Joyeuse 
 and Talma Farms. 
 
 — In Serbia French continue advance and enter Nego- 
 tin. 
 
 — British airmen bomb railways at Burbacli and Saar- 
 Briicken, chemical factories at Mannheim and rail- 
 ways at Coblenz, near Mainz, and at Metz-Sablons. 
 
 — Explosion in factory at Dessau, Germany, kills 70, 
 wounds 50. 
 
 — Count Karoiyi, in Hungarian Unterhaus, moves a res- 
 olution for independence of Hungary and a separate 
 peace and demands resignation of Wekerle cabinet. 
 
 Oct. 24 — British advance on 25-mile front between Sam- 
 bre Canal and the Scheldt, take 7,000 prisoners and 
 more than 100 .guns ; forest of Raismes is cleared ; 
 forest of Mormal reached. Allied line is witliin 15 
 miles of Maubeuge. British also take villages of Neu- 
 ville, Salesches and Beau-Degnes, Thiers Haute Rive 
 and Thun. On the Oise front, French cross canal 
 east of Grand Verly ; on the right reach road be- 
 tween La Fere-Chevresis and Ferrier Farm. United 
 States troops take Bois Belleau. 
 
 — in Monte Grappa sector Italians cross Ornic River; 
 take Monte Solarolo, part of Monte Pressolan and 
 Monte Pertica. Italians, aided by British and French, 
 have thus far taken 3,000 prisoners. On Asiago Pla- 
 teau French take Monte Sisenol. 
 
 — Gen. Joseph Haller is named Commander-in-Chief of 
 Polish forces fighting with the Allies. 
 
 Oct. 25 — Germans push back British on the Scheldt and 
 the Sambre and the French on the Oise and Serre. 
 British in 2 days take 9,000 prisoners, 150 guns. Brit- 
 ish cross railway between Le Quesnoy and Mainz and 
 the Ecaillon River. The French cross the Serre be- 
 tween Crecy and Montiers. 
 
 — Germans in Argonne region are damming rivers and 
 flooding the country to stop LTnited States advance. 
 British advance 2% miles. French take 3,155 pris- 
 oners. French cross the Danube into Roumania. 
 
 — Serbian troops take heights south of Kraguyevatz. 
 
 — Count Andrassy succeeds Baron Burian as Austrian 
 Premier. Count Albert Acnonyi succeeds I^i. Wek- 
 erle as Hungarian Premier. 
 
 — Col. Edward M. House, President Wilson's persona! 
 representative, reaches Paris. 
 
 — British Admiralty publishes navy figures : Fleet in- 
 creased during war from 2,500,000 tons to 6.500,000 
 tons; personnel from 146,000 to 406,000. Soldiers 
 transported 21„500.000; lost 4,391. 
 
 Oct. 26 — British troops cross Rhonelle and circle Valen- 
 ciennes ; take Famars and 1,000 prisoners. The 
 French press east from the Oise and northeast from 
 the Serre toward Hirson; take Mont Carmel and 
 Angelfontaine. 
 
 • — A German official paper at Berlin announces that the 
 Emperor has accepted a request for retirement made 
 by General of Infantry Ludendorff, the First Quarter- 
 master General and commander in time of peace of 
 25th Infantry Brigade. Despatches from the German 
 capital indicate that the resignation had been forced 
 by the pro-peace majority in the Reichstag. Luden- 
 dorff was the soldier who, on account of his reputa- 
 tion as an expert in retreat tactics, was put on the 
 western front to extricate the Crown Prince's armies 
 from the tightening grasp of the Allied forces. 
 
 Oct. 26 — In last 4 days Allies have taken 15,000 pris- 
 oners ; German casualties have been 50,000. 
 
 XX\ I 
 
Oct. 26 — Italians continue advance on movnitain and 
 Piave fronts ; take 2.000 Austrian prisoners and ad- 
 vance in Albania. 
 
 — British, under Gen. Allenby, occupy Aleppo. In Mes- 
 opotamia. Gen. Marshall continues pursuit of Turks 
 on both sides of Tigris. 
 
 Oct. 27 — French advance 5 miles between the Oise and 
 the Serre. Reach outskirts of Guise ; take Crecy-sur- 
 Serre. Baheris, Maequigney and Praix-Landifey, Mon- 
 ceau-le-Neuf and Montigny-sur-Serre, Origny-Ste. 
 Bemoite, Couriuelles and Cbevreis-Monceau. On the 
 Verdun front east of the Meuse. United States troops 
 attack and take Bois Belleau. East of Rethel United 
 States troops advance two-thirds of a mile. Germans 
 counter attack British at Famars and are repulsed. 
 
 — Italians and British cross the Piave, take the Island 
 of Grave di Pedcdopoli. 
 
 Oct. 28 — Germans counter attack the French on the 
 Oise front. French advance east of the Peron. in re- 
 gion northeast of Bois-les-Pargny. British south of 
 Valenciennes advance between the Rhonclle and the 
 Scheldt; take 100 prisoners. British troops enter Lys 
 and are welcomed with enthusiasm. Americans east 
 of the Meuse attack Germans in Consenvoye Wood 
 and Ormont Wood and are repulsed. 
 
 — .Allies on 4S-mile front drive Austrians 5 miles from 
 the Piave toward the Livenga. Congeliano is taken 
 and 15.000 prisoners. 
 
 • — Gen. Pershing's artillery bombards the Germans I.ong- 
 uyon-Mezieres shuttle service. 
 
 • — Hungary sends note, signed by Count Andrassy, new 
 Foreign Austro-Hungarian Minister, that it accepts 
 all conditions, including independence of Czecho-Slo- 
 vaks and Jugo-Slavs is ready for armistice. 
 
 — M. Poincare, President of France, receives Col. Ed- 
 ward M. Flouse. 
 
 — British Food Controller increases retail price of meat 
 and reduces meat rations to ^4"Pound per week per 
 person, except ham and bacon. 
 
 ^Kaiser Wilhelm writes to Imperial Chancellor, Prince 
 Maximilian of Baden, approving of transfer of "fun- 
 damental rights of the Kaiser's person" to the people. 
 
 Oct. 29 — Fierce fighting continues on mile wide strip 
 between the Scheldt and the Rhonelle. United States 
 artillery bombard extensions of main line into Con- 
 flans and sweep areas near Spincourt and nearby 
 towns for miles. Germans shell Bantheville and 
 Cunel. Civilians in panic flee from Rhine towns, 
 taking their deposits from banks. 
 
 — Day's United States casualties: Army, 360; marine 
 corps, 69. 
 
 — United States airmen bomb Montigny and Danvil- 
 lers ; 5 United States planes on reconnaissance mis- 
 sions are lost. 
 
 — Serbians advance 12 miles; now witliin 45 miles of 
 Belgrade. 
 
 — From Oct. 14 to 27 Allied armies in Flanders took 
 18.293 prisoners (441 officers), 509 guns, 1,200 ma- 
 chine guns. 
 
 — In Germany the Federal Council approves bill passed 
 by Reichstag Oct. 26, providing that sanction of 
 Reichstag and Bundesrat is necessary for a declara- 
 tion of war ; that the Chancellor is responsible for the 
 Kaiser's political actions and the Minister of War is 
 responsible to the Reichstag. 
 
 ^Count Andrassy, Austrian Foreign Minister, sends 
 note to Secretary of State Lansing, requesting imme- 
 diate armistice and communicates it to the French, 
 British, Japanese and Italian Governments, begging 
 for their approval and support. ' 
 
 Oct. 30 — Italians advance 12 miles beyond the Piave, 
 reach the Livenza on 50-mile front ; take more than 
 100 towns and villages; take Seguisino and Monte 
 Cosen. United States troops take Aincreville and ad- 
 vance for about two miles. French advance on north 
 bank of the Oise ; take Beaufort Farm. Between the 
 Lys and the Scheldt, near Famars and Englefontaine 
 Germans repulse attacks. 
 
 — French advance on north bank of Oise, west of 
 Guise, take Beaufort Farm ; advance on right of 
 
 XXV 
 
 the Peron. French occupy enemy trenches south of 
 Guise and approach road between Guise and Herie-la- 
 Vieville. Germans make 2 unsuccessful raids m Lor- 
 raine. LTnited States troops occupy Aincreville. north 
 of Verdun. Belgian official statement savs prisoners 
 taken Oct. 14 to 27, in Flanders, number 18,293 (331 
 officers), 509 guns, over 1,200 machine guns. On 
 Italian front British reach Roncadelle. Ormelle, Fon- 
 tainelle and line of Monticano River to Ramara ; cross 
 the Monticano about 6 miles beyond the Piave. Aus- 
 tria recognizes Czecho-Slovak nation. Gen. Weber, 
 Austrian, and deputation apply to Gen. Diaz for armis- 
 tice ; application forwarded to Supreme War Council 
 at Versailles. Passenger and merchandise traffic be- 
 tween Germany and Austria ceases. Entire Turkish 
 force on Tigris, about 7,000, surrender. Rioting in 
 Budapest ; banks attacked and stores looted. 
 
 Oct. 31 — Italian troops reach Ponte Delle Alpi. north- 
 "ast of City of Belluno, take height of Cescme, ridge 
 between valleys of Follina and Piave ; occupy Pass 
 of Serravalle ; in Grappa region take Col Caprile, Col 
 Bonato, Asolone, Mount Prassolan, salient of Solaro, 
 Mount Spinoncia and Plateau of .Asiago. Prisoners 
 taken thus far over 50,000. Italians have 54 divisions 
 and are assisted by less than 4 Allied divisions. 
 
 Nov. 1 — Gen. Pershing's forces advance to northeast of 
 Grandpre, capture a dozen or more fortified villages 
 and 3,000 prisoners ; take Andevanne and clear the 
 Bois des Loges. Hungarian Republic proclaimed in 
 Budapest, where the national colors, red, white and 
 green, are displayed ; mobs release military and polit- 
 ical prisoners ; Emperor Charles escapes to GodoUo, 
 20 miles northeast of Budapest. The red flag of So- 
 cialism is hoi.sted in Vienna. National Assembly 
 meets in Vienna and accepts a new Constitution with- 
 out the crown. Victor Adler, Socialist, is Foreign 
 Secretary ; Cavalry Captain Meyer, War Minister ; 
 Dr. Maboja, Social Democrat, Minister of Interior; 
 Dr. Steinwender, German Nationalist, Minister of Fi- 
 nance. 
 
 Nov. 2 — .\bove Verdun United States troops advance an 
 average of 25^ miles on 14-mile front ; in last 2 
 days take 3,000 prisoners, 60 heavy cannon, hundreds 
 of machine guns : capture Fosse, 8 miles southwest 
 from Stenay ; railway junctions in regions of Mont- 
 medy and Longuyon under fire of United States big 
 guns. Paris reports since drive began on western 
 front, July 15, .-Mlied armies have taken 362.355 pris- 
 oners (7,990 officers), 6,217 cannon, 38,622 machine 
 guns, 3,907 mine throwers. During October Allies 
 captured 103,343 prisoners (2,472 officers), 2,064 can- 
 non, 13,639 machine guns, 1,198 mine throwers. Brit- 
 ish casualties reported during October total 158,825 
 officers and men. 
 
 — Italians advance on 125-mile front, reach Tagliamento 
 River : in present oflfensive have freed over 1,000 
 square miles of conquered territory, taken 80,000 pris- 
 oners, 1,600 guns ; booty taken exceeds in value $800,- 
 000,000. In the Trentino Italians advance as far as 
 Sugana Valley passing the Austrian frontier. 
 
 — British take villages of Preseau, Valenciennes, Marly, 
 advance northeast of Maresches; capture hamlet of 
 St. Hubert and farms in that region. United States 
 troops take and pass beyond St. Georges, Imecourt, 
 Landreville, Chennery, Remonville, Estanne and Clery- 
 le-Grand. 
 
 ■ — Italian Government announces that officer of -Austrian 
 General Staff presented himself at front of Italian 
 lines bearing credentials, asking to discuss armistice ; 
 Gen. Diaz referred question to Premier Orlando, now 
 in Paris, who informs Inter-Allied Conference, which 
 discusses and defines armistice conditions and charged 
 Gen. Diaz in name of Governments of Allies and of 
 LTnited States to communicate them to .Austrian white 
 flag bearers. 
 
 — King Boris abdicates throne of Bulgaria ; Peasant 
 Government established at Tirnova under leadership 
 of M. .Stambulivsky (pardoned by King Ferdinand 
 Sept. 30). 
 
 ■II 
 
Nov. 3 — United States troops advance to within 4 miles 
 of Stenay, take many towns, prisoners and much boo- 
 ty; Gen. Pershing's men, witli Gen. Haig's and French, 
 reach Ghent outskirts, enter Audenarde. United 
 States bombing air machines attack Martincourt, 
 Mouzay, Beauclair and Beaufort. French and Amer- 
 icans clear enemy out of Bourgogne Woods and 
 whole of Argonne region ; take Chatillon-sur-Barre 
 and Bois du Chcsne, Toges, Belleville, Quatre-Champs, 
 Noirval and Les Alleux. 
 
 — Italians capture Trent. Italian forces land at Trieste. 
 Italian cavalry enter Udine, chief Austrian base in 
 Italy. In drive more than 100,000 prisoners taken and 
 over 2,200 guns ; entire regiments surrender to Gen. 
 Diaz. 
 
 — Jugo-Slaves seize Austro-Hungarian fleet, except Vir- 
 ibus Unitis, recently sunk by Italians, and send wire- 
 less to President Wilson offering to hand vessels over 
 to United States Government or representatives of 
 Allied navies. 
 
 • — Serbian Army occupies Belgrade. 
 
 Nov. 4 — British take Valenciennes, advance 5 miles on 
 30-mile front and are half way through Mormal For- 
 est; take 10,000 prisoners, 200 guns; on northern flank 
 approach Belgian border. First British division take 
 villages of Fesmy, Hautreve and La Groise ; 32d di- 
 vision takes Ruedenhaut and drives enemy from Mez- 
 ;eres. La Folle and Sambreton ; 13th division take 
 Soyers, Prcux-au-Bois, Hecq, Futoy and Louvignies. 
 Franco-American troops and Belgians, under King Al- 
 bert, are in outskirts of Ghent and in possession of 
 Audenarde. All towns on west bank of Meuse south 
 of Halles now in American hands. United States 
 troops penetrate village of Beaumont and occupy 
 Lauenville, opposite Stenay ; take Les Grandes Ar- 
 moises, an advance of over 3 miles. United States 
 troops now 7% miles from Carignan, on INIezieres- 
 Metz railroad, and 9 miles from Sedan. 
 
 — Austria accepts truce terms — immediate ending of 
 hostilities by land, on sea and in air ; demobilization 
 of Austro-Hungarian Army, immediate withdrawal 
 from North Sea to Switzerland, half of equipment to 
 be surrendered ; evacuation of all territory invaded 
 since war began, military and railway equipment and 
 coal to be given up ; no new destruction, pillage or 
 requisitions ; right of free movement over territory 
 and ineans of communication ; evacuation in 15 days 
 of all German troops, any remaining to be interned ; 
 local authorities of evacuated territory to administer 
 under Allied control ; repatriation without reciproc- 
 ity of all Allied prisoners of war and interned sub- 
 jects of civil populations; naval conditions, definite in- 
 formation of location and movements of Austro-Hun- 
 garian ships to be given ; surrender of 1.5 submarines 
 and all German submarines now in or hereafter en- 
 tering Austro-Hungarian waters ; other surface war 
 ships to be disarmed; 34 war ships to be surrendered; 
 freedom of the Adriatic and up the Danube; Allies 
 and United States to occupy or dismantle fortifica- 
 tions ; blockade conditions unchanged, naval aircraft 
 to be concentrated at designated bases ; evacuation of 
 Italian coasts, occupation by Allies and United States 
 of land and sea fortifications ; merchant vessels to be 
 returned ; no destruction of ships or material ; naval 
 and marine prisoners to be returned wnthout reci- 
 procity. 
 
 —People in Vienna reported to be delirious with joy 
 at peace news. 
 
 ^Armistice with Austria goes into eflfect at 3 P. M. 
 
 Before that Italy had 300,000 prisoners, 5,000 guns. 
 — President Wilson cables felicitations to King of Italy. 
 Secretary Lansing sends message to Baron Sonnino, 
 Italian Minister of Foreign AfTairs, now in Versailles. 
 — Allies settle on and sign truce terms for Germany. 
 
 — Chilian Government seizes all German interned trade 
 
 ships. 
 — New (Omsk) Russian Government rescues from 
 "Reds" $400,000,000 in gold taken from Petrograd to 
 Kazan by Bolsheviki. 
 
 XXV 
 
 Nov. 5 — Marshal Foch has the Allies' armistice terms 
 ready for the Germans. 
 
 ■ — Southward from Ghent the Americans went further 
 over tlie Scheldt, above Audenarde, while south of 
 there British forces occupied a wide stretch of the 
 eastern river bank. 
 
 • — Pershing's 1st Army continued its advance on 
 botli banks of the Meuse. Crossings were made north 
 and south of Dun and large forces made good their 
 hold on the hills of the eastern bank and pressed on 
 toward Stenay, from which they were distant 6 miles, 
 and Montmedy. By an advance of more than 4 miles 
 on the center (where the Metropolitan Division from 
 New York has been operating) they passed beyond 
 Raucourt Wood to within 5 miles of the point where 
 the great trunk line to Metz crosses the river and 
 within 8 miles of Sedan. 
 
 — The Allies began the siege of Ghent, the stronghold 
 on the Scheldt River, with American, Belgian, British 
 and French units participating and with the Queen of 
 the Belgians watching, in the van of the attack, the 
 smashing of the city's defenses. Germans already re- 
 ported to have withdrawn their main forces from the 
 city. 
 
 — The American forces later captured Liny-devant-Dun 
 and Milly-devant-Dun, 6 miles south of Stenay, east 
 of the Meuse. They were also occupying the hills on 
 the east bank of the river, despite a stiff machine gun 
 resistance by the Germans. 
 
 — Between the Sambre Canal and the Argonne the 
 French advanced more than 6 miles at points. They 
 captured more than 4,000 prisoners and at least 60 
 cannon. 
 
 Nov. 6 — Reports from the center of the American line 
 are to the efifect that the town of Mouzon is on fire 
 and that part of Sedan is burning. Its footing estab- 
 lished east of the Meuse, the American Army has 
 forced its way along both banks of the river, within 
 6 miles of Sedan. 
 
 — American and French troops continue their advance. 
 Murvaux, north of the Freya line and east of Dun, 
 was reached this afternoon, and operations about the 
 heights to the east of Sedan are under way. 
 
 — The British, further west, are 4 miles within the 
 trunk line connecting Northern France and Lorraine, 
 threatening to divide the enemy's forces into 3 armies, 
 with precarious roads of retreat. 
 
 — As a result of the menace on the flanks, the Germans 
 are retreating fast in the center, leaving guns and sup- 
 plies. Following fast on them the French forged 
 ahead from 5 to 7 miles from Guise to the point of 
 their junction with the American forces west of the 
 Meuse. 
 
 Nov. 7 — The Americans have not only captured Sedan 
 in their advance on both sides of the Meuse, but have 
 made a jump toward the Briey iron mines, which the 
 Longuyon line protects. Longuyon for several days 
 has been under the fire of American guns. With that 
 part of Sedan resting on the western bank of the 
 river occupied, the American Army is coi.solidating 
 its positions and preparing for a further advance. It 
 was contingents of the noted Rainbow Division and 
 of the 1st Division that made the final whirlwind dash 
 into Sedan. 
 
 — The French advanced 10 miles at points, directly men- 
 acing the German center communications. More than 
 100 villages were taken. 
 
 — British forces are continuing their progress along the 
 Franco-Belgian battle line. Northeast of Valen- 
 ciennes they have reached the outskirts of Quievrain 
 and Crespi'n, close to the Belgian border. Further 
 south the town of Angre has been taken. Southeast 
 of the Mormal Forest the British have captured Mon- 
 ceau-St. Vaast and Dompierre, 3 miles northwest of 
 the railway junction of Avesnes. 
 
 — Advices from neutral sources indicate that the out- 
 breaks at Kiel and Hamburg and the suburbs of the 
 latter citv are assuming serious proportions, the cor- 
 respondent of the Copenhagen Politik at Vamdrup 
 reporting violent artillery firing in the streets of Ham- 
 burg. 
 
 Ill 
 
Nov. 7 — A premature publication in afternoon newspap- 
 ers that peace terms had been agreed to by Germany 
 made New York City delirious with joy; whistles and 
 sirens blew, bells rang, business was practically aban- 
 doned and the streets filled up with merrymakers very 
 similar to an old night before New Year celebration. 
 The excitement continued to a late hour in spite of 
 publication of denials of authenticity of report. 
 
 - — Admiral Henry B. Wilson, commander of the Amer- 
 ican naval forces in French waters, later said he au- 
 thorized the giving out of the announcement of the 
 alleged signing, believing it to be authentic. 
 
 — Twenty thousand deserters from the German Army 
 are marching through the streets of Berlin. 
 
 — A large part of the German Navy and a great part 
 of Schleswig are in the hands of the revolutionists, 
 according to reports received in Copenhagen from 
 Kiel and forwarded by the Exchange Telegraph Com- 
 pany. All of the workshops have been occupied by 
 the Red troops and Kiel is governed by a Marines' 
 Soldiers' and Workers' Council. All the street car 
 lines and railways are under control of this council. 
 
 ^Virtually all the German fleet has revolted, according 
 to a despatch received from The Hague. The men are 
 masters at Kiel, Wilhelmshaven, Heligoland, Borkum 
 and Cuxhaven. 
 
 - — In taking over the battleship Kaiser at Kiel the officers 
 attempting to defend the German flag were over- 
 powered, and 2 of them, including the commander, 
 were killed and a number of others were wounded, 
 says the Cologne Gazette. Three companies of infan- 
 try sent to Kiel to restore order joined the revolu- 
 tion and a fourth company was disarmed. During 
 the night, hussars sent from Wandsbeck were forced 
 to turn back by sailors armed with machine guns. 
 
 Nov. 8 — Germany's armistice delegates were received 
 by Marshal Foch at 9 A. M. in a railroad car in which 
 the Commander-in-Chief has his headquarters. Mat- 
 thias Erzberger, leader of the enemy delegation, speak- 
 ing in French, announced that the German Govern- 
 ment had appointed them plenipotentiaries to take 
 cognizance of the terms, and eventually to sign an 
 armistice. Marshal Foch then read the terms to them, 
 dwelling upon each word. They made a few observa- 
 tions, pointing out difficulties in the way of carrying 
 out some secondary clauses. Then Erzberger asked 
 for a suspension of hostilities. This request Marshal 
 Foch refused. The delegates having obtained per- 
 mission to send a courier to Spa, German great head- 
 quarters, and communicate with that place by wire- 
 less, withdrew. The armistice terms called for an 
 answer within 72 hours, expiring at 11 A. M. Monday. 
 
 — The French have reached Mezieres, the railroad junc- 
 tion on the left of the American front on the Meuse. 
 Gen. Gouraud holds the west bank of the Meuse from 
 Sedan to the outskirts of Mezieres. His troops ad- 
 vanced from 5 to 8 miles in a day. Scores of vil- 
 lages were liberated. Artillery and supplies were 
 rushed up over roads deep with mud and the German 
 resistance became stiffer. 
 
 — The Americans have imnroved their positions beyond 
 Sedan on both sides of the river, consolidating their 
 tremendous gains of the last 4 days. 
 
 ^The British not only have taken the stronghold of 
 Avesnes and vital junction of the enemy's connec- 
 tions between the north and south armies, but have 
 pushed their line to within 2 miles of Maubeuge, a 
 total gain of 5 miles on a front of more than 30 miles. 
 
 — Emperor William has refused a demand of the Social- 
 ists that he and the Crown Prince abdicate. Chancel- 
 lor Maximilian, unable to control the Socialists, who 
 are the most powerful bloc in the Reichstag major- 
 ity, has resigned. 
 
 — A popular uprising in Munich has resulted in the 
 proclamation of a republic in Bavaria. 
 
 — The rebels who raised the red flag at Kiel now con- 
 trol all the North Sea Coast of Germany and part 
 of the Baltic shore. Prince Henry of Prussia, the 
 Kaiser's brother, fled under a red flag from Kiel, 
 fired on by revolutionists. 
 
 XXI 
 
 — Rebellious movements are reported in the great in- 
 dustrial district about Essen. 
 
 Nov. 9 — "The Kaiser and King has decided to renounce 
 the throne," officially announces the retiring Chan- 
 cellor, Prince Maximilian of Baden. Prince Max 
 acted a few hours as Regent. 
 
 — Revolt of the soldiers, sailors and workmen, which 
 began at Kiel, has spread over Germany until the 
 movement has embraced practically all northeastern 
 and northwestern sections of the empire. Rebellions 
 have occurred in Hanover, Cologne, Brunswick and 
 Magdeburg, the latter city 80 miles southwest of 
 Berlin. 
 
 — The population of the Polish Province of Plock has 
 risen against the Germans and there have been con- 
 flicts in which a number of persons of both sides have 
 been killed. 
 
 Nov. 9 — At Berlin the Socialists have taken over the 
 new Government. 
 
 — The commander at Kiel and Naval Capt. Heine were 
 shot and killed while resisting arrest. 
 
 — A general railway strike has been started in Germany. 
 Owing to the run on the banks in Berlin these in- 
 stitutions have stopped payment. 
 
 — Six German battleships anchored outside of Flens- 
 burg in Schleswig have directed their guns against 
 the revolutionists. The battleship Konig. which re- 
 fused to surrender, was captured after a fight. 
 
 — The retired Prussian General, Gustav Ahlborn, 82 
 years old. a veteran of the Franco-Prussian War, com- 
 mitted suicide at the foot of the Bismarck statue in 
 Brunswick. 
 
 — The Americans advanced everywhere along their line. 
 The enemy artillery fire was from large calibre guns, 
 indicating positions a great distance away. One 
 American division reached Mouzay in its forward 
 march, despite machine gun resistance and a fire from 
 mine throwers. Five American ambulances drove by 
 mistake into the German lines northeast of Lion-de- 
 vant-Dun and were captured. Comrades organized a 
 rescue party and returned with the ambulances, 4 
 prisoners and 3 guns. The Americans are in control 
 of both sides of the Meuse and occupied Remoiville 
 Wood. They crossed the river at iNIouzon, thus mak- 
 ing their line on both sides complete from Villers-de- 
 vant-Mouzon southward. 
 
 — The British battleship Britannia was torpedoed near 
 the west entrance to the Straits of Gibraltar and sank 
 3% hours later, according to an Admiralty announce- 
 ment ; aO officers and 673 men were saved. The Brit- 
 annia, which had a displacement of 16,3.50 tons, was 
 launched at Portsmouth Dec. 10, 1004. She was 453.7 
 feet in length, had a speed of approximately 19 knots 
 an hour and carried a peace time complement of 777 
 men. Her main armament consisted of 4 13-inch 
 guns. 
 
 — Field Marshal Haig announced the capture of the for- 
 tress of Maubeuge by the Guards and 62d Divisions. 
 British troops have made progress south of that town 
 and are east of the Avesnes-Maubeuge road. North 
 of Tournai the British are on the east bank of the 
 Scheldt, about Herinnes and Herchem. South of 
 Maubeuge the British are pushing eastward and are 
 beyond the Avesnes-Maubeuge road. 
 
 — French cavalry crossed the Belgian frontier, over- 
 throwing the enemy rearguards, taking prisoners and 
 capturing guns, material and railway trains. Glageon, 
 Formies, Hirson, Anor and St. Michel were occupied. 
 Our forces continued their pursuit beyond these local- 
 ities on the general line of Momignies, the northern 
 outskirts of the St. Michel Forest, Maquenoise and 
 Philippe Forge. Further east, after having forced a 
 passage on the Thon and Aube Rivers, they occupied 
 the plateau to the north, took Signy-le-Petit and 
 reached the Mezieres-Hirson railway at the village 
 of Wagny and south of Maubert-Fontaine. On the 
 right they reached and surrounded Mezieres and Mo- 
 hon, and crossed the Meuse further east, opposite 
 Lumes. 
 
Nov. 9 — Belgian troops are standing along the Ghcnt- 
 Terneu^en Canal from the Dutch frontier to the Ghent 
 Station. The French troops in Belgium, advancing 
 beyond the Scheldt, were able to occupy Welden and 
 Edelaere. East of Melden the Heights of Koppen- 
 berg were captured. 
 
 — Friedrich Ebert. upon assuming office at Berlin as 
 Chancellor, issued a proclamation announcing that 
 the new Governmetn at Berlin had taken charge of 
 Business to prevent civil war and famine. In a man- 
 ifesto addressed to the "citizens" of Germany the 
 Chancellor said he was going to form a people's 
 Government to bring about peace "as quickly as pos- 
 sible," and to confirm the liberty which the Govern- 
 ment has gained. 
 
 Nov. 10 — The German courier from the meeting place 
 of the armistice negotiations arrived at German grand 
 headquarters at 10 A. M. He had been delayed by 
 an explosion of an ammunition depot, which he mis- 
 took for firing. 
 
 ■ — The revolution spreads throughout Germany, headed 
 by Workmen's and Soldiers' Councils. 
 
 — Lieut. Krupp von Bolilen and Halbach, the head of 
 the Krupp works, and his wife have been arrested. 
 
 — The e.x-Kaiser and suite flee to Holland, arriving at 
 Eysden, on the frontier, at 7 :30 A. M. Thence he 
 went to the Chateau Middachten, owned by Count 
 William F. C. H. von Bentinck, at de Steeg, a town 
 on the Guelders Yssel, an arm of the Rhine, 12 miles 
 from the German border. 
 
 — Count zu Reventlow flees to Denmark. Among the 
 incidents of the revolution is the renunciation by the 
 Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar and his family of the 
 right of exemption from taxation. 
 
 • — Wilhelm H. the reigning King of Wurttemberg abdi- 
 cated on Friday night, according to Havas Agency 
 despatches from Basel. 
 
 — The 1st and 2d American armies in their attacks ex- 
 tending along die Moselle and the Meuse advanced 
 on a front of 71 miles. French troops operating un- 
 der the American command also advanced at various 
 points. The captured territory includes the German 
 stronghold of Stenay, Brimoucourt, east of Verdun, 
 and numerous villages and fortified positions in Lor- 
 raine. The entire district in the region of Stenay was 
 flooded by the Germans, who dammed the canals and 
 rivers. The Americans crossed the River Aleuse 
 from below, took Stenay in a great northward push. 
 The Germans shelled the Verdun road in the regions 
 of Cesse, Beaumont, Mouzon and Balan. The Mou- 
 zon Bridge was broken in 2 places. Along the Meuse 
 from the region of Sedan to Stenay the enemy ma- 
 chine gunners, clinging to the Iiills overlooking the 
 river, kept flares burning all during Saturday night, 
 preventing the Americans from crossing. 
 
 — The British have entered the outskirts of Mons. It 
 was here the original "contemptibles" made their first 
 stand against von Kluck. South of the city Haig's 
 forces have crossed the Belgian border. Several rail- 
 road trains were taken as British advance guards 
 pressed east of Maubeuge. 
 
 — In Vienna and Neustadt the aeroplane hangars liave 
 been burned. At Salzburg there has been shooting in 
 the streets. From Aussig and Pettau hunger revolts 
 are reported, the military food stores being plundered. 
 A Vienna despatch to the Berlin Vossische Zeitung 
 says : "The former Austrian navy has ceased to ex- 
 ist. The most valuable warships are lying at the bot- 
 tom of the sea. Austrian naval officers who arrived 
 this morning from Laibach relate that the Jugo-Slavs, 
 to whom the fleet was handed, blew up all the biggest 
 ships at Pola, valued at $14,000,000, to prevent their 
 falling into the hands of the Italians. 
 
 — The Czecho-Slovak press agency wires from Laibach : 
 "Italian military forces liave occupied Trieste. The 
 Slovene National Council has protested." The Jugo- 
 slav National Council at Agram has sent a deputa- 
 tion to the Serbian troops now occupying Mitrowitza, 
 askin.g that the Serbians occupy the whole of Jugo- 
 slavia. 
 
 XXX 
 
 — The first member of royalty in the Austrian entour- 
 age has arrived in Switzerland with an Italian per- 
 mit. He is the Duke of Braganza, former pretender 
 to the throne of Portugal, who sought refuge in Aus- 
 tria and joined Emperor Charles's army. He has 
 reached Samadan, near St. Moritz. 
 
 ■ — More than a quarter of a million of Italian prison- 
 ers of war held in Austria have been returned to 
 Italy. Sick and wounded men will be returned later 
 by way of Switzerland. 
 
 — King Victor Emmanuel of Italy made a triumphal 
 entry into Trieste. The entire population welcomed 
 him. The King, who was accompanied by Gen. Diaz, 
 other generals and Lieut. Commander Rizzo, arrived 
 on the destroyer Audace. The King was showered 
 with flowers as he made his way to the City Hall. 
 
 Nov. 11 — German envoys signed the .Allied armistice 
 terms at Senlis, at S A. M., Paris time, which took 
 effect at 11 A. M., Paris time (6 A. M. New York 
 time). Delay for evacuation prolonged by 24 hours 
 for tlie left bank of the Rhine besides the 5 days; 
 therefore, 31 days in all. A supplementary declara- 
 tion to the armistice terms was signed to the effect 
 that in the event of the 6 German battle cruisers, 10 
 battleships, 8 light cruisers and 50 destroyers not be- 
 ing handed over owing to a mutinous state, the Al- 
 lies reserve the right to occupy Heligoland as an ad- 
 vance base to enable them to enforce the terms. 
 
 — The Grand Duke of Oldenbur.g has been detlironed 
 and the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin has 
 abdicated, according to despatches from Hamburg. 
 
 — President ^Vilson reads the terms of the German ar- 
 mistice to Congress in joint session and announces the 
 end of the war. Similar declarations were made to 
 the British Parliament, the French National Assem- 
 bly, and at other Allied capitals. In New York and 
 other great cities the event was hailed by celebrations. 
 
 — Dr. Solf, German Foreign Secretary, addres.ses a mes- 
 sage to Secretary of State Lansing requesting that 
 President Wilson intervene to mitigate "the fearful 
 conditions" existing in Germany. He says the en- 
 forcement of the conditions of the armistice, especially 
 the surrender of transport, means the starvation of 
 millions, and requests that the President's influence 
 be directed to overcoming this danger. 
 
 — Field Marshal von Hindenburg has placed himself and 
 the German army at the disposition of the new peo- 
 ple's government at Berlin. He asked the Cologne 
 Soldiers and Workers' Council to send delegates to 
 German main headquarters at once. Von Hindenburg 
 said he had taken this action "in order to avoid 
 chaos." 
 
 — King Friedrich August of Saxony has been dethroned, 
 according to an official telegram from Berlin. 
 
 • — When fighting ended the German front line opposite 
 the 1st American Army, running south and north, 
 was approximately as follows . From north of the 
 Chateau d'Hannancelles, through the Bois de Lavale, 
 the Bois de Manheulles, the Bois Masseneue, thence 
 northwest, passing east to Blanzee, east of Grimau- 
 court, cast and north of Nobras Woods, thence 
 through the Grand Chenas, east of Bezonvaux, 
 through the Herbebois Woods, east and north of Hill 
 319, north of Chaumont-devant-Damvillers and Hill 
 324, to the east side of the Thiente Biook and the 
 Damvillers-Metz road, north of Remoiville to the 
 north of the Forest of Woevre and Paalon, to east 
 and north of Stenay, and thence north and slightly 
 west to the end of the sector north of Mouzon, along 
 the Meuse. 
 
 — The front of the 2d .\rmy from south to nortli was : 
 Nomeny to Eply, through the Bois Voirrotte, through 
 the Bois Frehaut, to the Moselle River and up the 
 river to a point about two-thirds of a mile south of 
 Pagny and thence west to a point one-tliird of a mile 
 south of Preny. Thence through Remberecoun to the 
 north of the Bois Dommartin, and the Mainbois Farm 
 skirting the northern end of Lake Lachaussee. tlirough 
 the Bois les Hautes Epines, through the Bois de Wa- 
 
vrille, St. Hilaire, Marcheville, Riaville to one-third 
 of a mile south of Ville-en-Woevre. 
 
 — On the front of the 1st and 2d Armies, between the 
 Meuse and the Moselle, Allied troops hold the former 
 German front line villages of Ronvaux, Watronville, 
 Blanzee, Moranville, Abaucourt, Dieppe and Bezon- 
 vaux. 
 
 — Thousands of American heavy guns fired the parting 
 shot at the Germans at exactly 11 A. M. At many 
 batteries the artillerists joined hands, forming a long 
 line, as the lanyard of the final shot. There were a 
 few seconds of silence as the shells shot through the 
 heavy mist. Then the gunners cheered. American 
 flags were raised by the soldiers over their dugouts 
 and guns and at the various headquarters. Individual 
 groups unfurled the Stars and Stripes, shook hands 
 and cheered. Soon afterward they were preparing 
 for luncheon. All the boys were hungry, as they had 
 breakfasted early in anticipation of what they consid- 
 ered the greatest day in .A-merican history. 
 
 — Mons was taken by the British, and from Belgium 
 to the Meuse the German line was near collapse be- 
 fore the Allied forces got orders to stop punishing 
 the foe. The latest British report says : "At the ces- 
 sation of hostilities this morning we had reached the 
 general line of the Franco-Belgian frontier, east of 
 Avesnes, Jeumont, Sivry, 4 miles east of Mons, 
 Chievres, Lessines and Gammont." 
 
 — The latest French report says : "In the fifty-second 
 month of a war without precedent in history the 
 French Army, with the aid of the Allies, has achieved 
 the defeat of the enemy." 
 
 — Canada's casualties in the war up to 11 days before 
 the capture of Mons, on the final morning of the con- 
 flict, totalled 211,358 men, it was announced here to- 
 day. These are classified as follows : Killed in ac- 
 tion, 34,877; died of wounds or disease, li,457 ; 
 wounded, 1.52,779 ; presumed dead, missing in action 
 and known prisoners of war, 8,243. 
 
 Nov. 12 — The abdication of Emperor Charles of Austria 
 is officially announced at Vienna. 
 
 ■ — Latest advices from Germany show that while desul- 
 tory fighting is occurring in Berlin, and that naval 
 mutineers are refusing to yield to any authority, the 
 Socialist Government is proceeding toward full con- 
 trol. All factions of the Socialists are apparently 
 
 working in unison, and the ultraradical, or so-called 
 Bolshevist element, has gained great recognition. The 
 agreement which has been reached between the Social- 
 ist and Independent Socialist Parties and the new re- 
 gime seems to have secured support from the press. 
 In addition to the Wolff Bureau, the Socialists are 
 now represented by 3 newspapers, the Vorwaerts, the 
 Lokal-Anzeiger, formerly the Emperor's favorite 
 newspaper and now rechristened the Red Flag, and 
 the former semi-official organ, the North German Ga- 
 zette, which has taken the new title of the Iriterna- 
 tional. The revolutionary movement is continually 
 spreading. Koenigsberg, Frankfort-on-Main and 
 Strassburg are now controlled by the Soviets. 
 — The Belgian Legation, in an official statement today, 
 announced that Belgium will no longer submit to a 
 status of "guaranteed neutrality" like that which ex- 
 isted before the war. It aspires to "complete inde- 
 pendence; to the rights common to all free peoples.' 
 —Chairman Baruch of the United States War Indus- 
 tries Board began to lift the restrictions on buildmg 
 material so that the country can return to a peace 
 basis gradually. He announced the reversal of prior- 
 ity orders respecting commodities that had been cur- 
 ta'iled for the war. The action of the War Industries 
 Board is a first step to be followed as quickly as it 
 is deemed advisable by others. 
 —Secretary Mc.\doo announced a 75 per cent, reduc- 
 tion in Government war risk insurance rates on hulls, 
 cargoes and seamen's insurance. This made the 
 rate on ships and cargoes through the war zone % 
 of 1 per cent., instead of 2 per cent., with other rates 
 cut accordingly. Treasury officials explamed that, 
 although the submarine has been abandoned, risk sUU 
 exists on account of floating mines and the possibility 
 that some submarines may run amuck. 
 June 28 — German envoys signed the Peace Terms 
 Aug. 12— Final casualty reports from the Central 
 Records office of the American Expeditionary Forces 
 in France, made public by' the War department to- 
 day, gave the total battle deaths as 49,498, total 
 wounded 205,690 and prisoners 4,480. 
 July 1— The army had reported 149.433 cases of 
 disabled soldiers to the War Risk Insurance bureau. 
 It was estimated that the final total would be close 
 to 200,000. 
 
 Where Our Soldiers Were in France 
 
 Location of the thirty-flve combat divisions and six 
 depot divisions of the American Army in France on Nov. 
 7, four days before the signing- of the armistice, was 
 announced by the War Department Nov. 27. as follows: 
 
 COMBAT DIVISIONS. 
 1st (Regulars) — Nouart and St. Dizier; Brig. Gen. Frank 
 
 2d (Regulars) — Fosse and St. Dizier; Major Gen. John A. 
 
 Lejeune. 
 3d (Regulars) — Tannois and St. Dizier; Brig. Gen. Preston 
 
 Brown. 
 4th (Regulars) — Ducey and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Mark L. 
 
 Herse.v. 
 5th (Regulars) — Cunel and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Hanson 
 _E. Ely. 
 6th (Regulars) — Stonne and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Walter 
 
 H. Gordon. 
 7th (Regulars) — Euvezin and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Ed- 
 mund Wittenmyer. 
 26th (New England) — Bras. Troyon-sur-Meuse, St. Dizier; 
 
 Brig. Gen. F. E. Lamford. 
 27th I New York) — Corbie, Beauquesne, St. Dizier; Major 
 
 Gen. John F. O'Ryan. 
 2Sth (Pennsylvania) — Heudicourt and St. Dizier; Major 
 
 Gen. William H. Hay. 
 29th (New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia. Maryland, District 
 
 of Columbia) — Robert Espagne and St. Dizier; Major 
 
 Gen. Edward H. Lewis. 
 
 31st (Georgia, Alabama, Florida) — Brest; Major Gen. Le- 
 
 roy S. Lyon. 
 32d (Michigan, Wisconsin) — Aincreville and St. Dizier; 
 
 Major Gen. William C. Haan. 
 33d (Illinois) — Troyon and St. Dizier; Major Gen. George 
 
 Bell, Jr. 
 34th (Nebraska. Iowa, South Dakota. Minnesota) — Cas- 
 
 tres: Brig. (jen. John A. Johnston. 
 35th (Missouri, Kansas — Sommedieue and St. Dizier; 
 
 Major Gen. Peter E. Traub. 
 36th (Texas. Oklahoma) — Conde-en-Barrois, Major Gen. 
 
 W. R. Smith. 
 37th (Ohio)— Thielt, Dunkirk; Major Gen. Charles S. 
 
 Farnsworth. 
 38th (Indiana. Kentucky, West Virginia) — Le Mans; Ma- 
 jor Gen. Robert L. Howze. 
 42d (Rainbow) — Maisoncelle and St. Dizier; Major Gen. 
 
 Charles D. Rhodes. 
 77th (New York City) — La Bassee, Varennes, St. Dizier; 
 
 Major Gen. Robert Alexander. 
 7Sth (Western New York. New Jersey, Delaware) — Le 
 
 Champy Haut and St. Dizier; Major Gen. James H. Mc- 
 
 rtae. „ , 
 
 79th (Northeast Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of Col- 
 umbia) — Vacherauville and St. Dizier; Major Gen. 
 
 Joseph E. Kuhn. 
 SOth (Virginia, West Virginia. Western Pennsylvania)— 
 
 Sommouthe and St. Dizier; Major Gen. Adelbert Cronk- 
 
 hite. 
 Slst (North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Porto 
 
 Rico) — Sommedieue, Is-sur-Tille; Major Gen. Charles J. 
 
 Bailey. 
 
S2d (Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee) — Florent; Major Gen. 
 
 George P. Duncan. 
 84th (Kentucky, Indiana, Soutliern Illinois) — Neuvic; 
 
 Major Gen. Harry C Hale. 
 S6th (Chicago and Northern Illinois) — .St. Andre de Cub- 
 
 zac; Major Gen. Charles H. Martin. 
 S7th (Arkansas. Louisiana, Mississippi, Southern Alabama) 
 
 — Pons; Major Gen. .S. D. Sturgis. 
 SSth (North Dakota, Minnesota. Iowa, West Illinois) — 
 
 Montreux Chateau, Is-sur-Tille; Major Gen. William 
 
 Weigel. 
 SSth (Kansas, Missouri. South Dakota, Nebraska, Color- 
 ado, New Mexico, Arizona) — Tailly and St. Dizier; Brig. 
 
 Gen. Frank D. Winn. 
 90th (Texas and Oklahoma) — Villers-devant-Dun and St. 
 
 Dizier; Major Gen. Henry T. Allen. 
 91st (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Ne- 
 
 vada, Montana, Wyoming, Utah) — Oostroosebeke and 
 Dunkirk; Major Gen. William H. Johnston. 
 
 92d (Negroes, National Army) — Marbache and St. Dizier; 
 Major Gen. Charles C. Ballou. 
 
 DEPOT DIVISIONS. 
 
 41st (Washington, Oregon, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming) — 
 St. Aignan and Noyers; Brig. Gen. Eli Cole. 
 
 8.3d (Ohio and West Pennsylvania) — Le Mans and Castres; 
 Major Gen. E. F. Glenn. 
 
 76th (New England and New Tork) — St. Amand, Mon- 
 tron; Major Gen. Harry F. Hodges. 
 
 SSth (Michigan and East Wisconsin) — Pouilly; Major Gen. 
 Chase W. Kennedy. 
 
 39th (Ark.ansas. Mississippi and Louisiana) — St. Florent; 
 Major Gen. Henry C. Hodges, Jr. 
 
 40th (Colorado. Utah. Arizona. New Mexico and Califor- 
 nia) — Revigny and St. Dizier; Major Gen. F. S. Strong. 
 
 Wilson's Fourteen Points of Peace 
 
 On January S, 1918, President Wilson, in an acidress 
 to a joint session of Congress named fourteen points as 
 essential in a consideration of peace. His speech, in 
 full, will be found on pages 17-18 of the 1918 World 
 Almanac and C\-clopedia. The fourteen points he stated 
 as follows : 
 
 I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at ; after 
 which there shall be no private international under- 
 standings of any kind, but diplomacy shall proceed al- 
 ways frankly and in the public view. 
 
 II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, 
 outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, 
 except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part 
 by international action for the enforcement of interna- 
 tional covenants. 
 
 III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic 
 barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade 
 conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace 
 and associating themselves for its maintenance. 
 
 IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that na- 
 tional armaments will be reduced to the lowest point 
 consistent with domestic safety. 
 
 V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial ad- 
 justment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict ob- 
 servance of the principle that in determining all such 
 questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations 
 concerned must have equal weight with the equitable 
 claims of the Government whose title is to be deter- 
 mined. 
 
 VI. The evacuation of all Russian territory, and such 
 a settlement of all questions alTecting Russia as will 
 secure the best and freest co-operation of the other na- 
 tions of the world in obtaining for her an unliampered 
 and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent 
 determination of her own political development and 
 national policy, and assure her of a sincere welcome into 
 the society of free nations under institutions of her 
 own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance 
 also of every kind that she may need and may herself 
 desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister 
 nations in the months to come will be the acid test of 
 their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as 
 distinguished from their own interests and of their in- 
 telligent and unselfish sympathy. 
 
 VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be 
 evacuated and restored without any attempt to limit 
 the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all 
 other free nations. No other single act will serve as 
 this will serve to restore confidence among the nations 
 
 in the laws which they have themselves set and deter- 
 mined for the government of their relations with one 
 another. Without this healing act the whole structure 
 and validity of international law is forever impaired. 
 
 VIII. All French territory should be freed and the 
 invaded portions restored : and the wrong done to France 
 by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, 
 which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly 
 fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may 
 once more be made secure in the interest of all. 
 
 IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should 
 be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nation- 
 ality. 
 
 X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place 
 among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and as- 
 sured, should be accorded the freest opportunity of 
 autonomous development. 
 
 XI Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro should be evac- 
 uated ; occupied territories restored ; Serbia accorded 
 free and secure access to the sea, and the relations of 
 the several Balkan states to one another determined by 
 friendly counsel along historically established lines of 
 allegiance and nationality ; and international guarantees 
 of the political and economic independence and terri- 
 torial integrity of the several Balkan states should be 
 entered into. 
 
 XII. The Turkish portions of the present Ottoman 
 Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the 
 other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule 
 should be assured an undoubted security of life and an 
 absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous devel- 
 opment, and the Dardanelles should be permanently 
 opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of 
 all nations under international guarantees. 
 
 XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected 
 which should include the territories inhabited by indis- 
 putably Polish populations, which should be assured a 
 free and secure access to the sea, Lnd whose political 
 and economic independence and territorial integrity 
 should be guaranteed by international covenant. 
 
 XIV. A general association of nations must be 
 formed, under specilic covenants, for the purpose of 
 affording mutual guarantees of political independence 
 and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. 
 
 Mr. Wilson's declaration of fourteen peace points was 
 made a day after the British Prime Minister, David 
 Lloyd George, had stated in a public address to the 
 trades unions what his country considered a basis for 
 peace discussion. 
 
 XXXII 
 
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