o V 5 .*jr/f- ^0' & '^ ^o -^c ■^-v .\ '^^ •<^^^^^ ^ ^ "*= ^ .^^' i>. o fc ° " ' ^0.^. >'- H r .0' ^^ V^' ,0 ^ s*^ .,4 o^ Cambridge Antiquarian Society. Octavo Publications, No. VI. A HISTORY PARISH OF LANDBEACH COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. WILLIAM KEATINGE CLAY, B.D. AUTHOR OP THE HISTORY OF WATERBKAOH, Cambridge : PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, MA. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. DEIGHTON, BELL & CO. ; MACMILLAN k CO. 5ELL AND DALDY, FLEET STEEET; J. R. SMITH, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. 1861. Price Four StiilUngs and Sixpence. A HISTORY PARISH OF LANDBEACH COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE. WILLIAM KEATINGE CLAY, B.D. AUTHOR OF THE HISTORY OF WATEF.BEACH. PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. DEIGHTON, BELL & CO. ; MACMILLAN & CO. BELL AND DALDY, FLEET STKEET ; J. R. SMITH, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. 1861. K^^^. o ^ ct '^ PREFACE. Landbeach, unlike the neighbouring parish of Waterbeach, has never had within its boundary any- ecclesiastical foundation distinct from the church. No inhabitant is able to point to remains of religious Houses, or recal the memory of former religious Orders, as conferring dignity and honour upon his native place. And yet the annals of Landbeach are very far from being dull, or unattractive. For, if the account of one of the two Beaches may claim, and occupy, the attention of the reader by its power of carrying him back to times long before the Reforma- tion, and to the buildings, no less than to the esta- blishments, which were in many ways the glory of those times, so will the account of the other Beach interest him in no inconsiderable degree by the infor- mation it can afford respecting the internal condition of a mere village in its progress from a state of obscurity down to the present day. The History now published is, therefore pre-emi- nently domestic. It occupies itself solely with paro- chial affairs. And from the many documents still preserved, particularly, from the minuteness wherewith IV those documents relate every thing pertainmg to the parish, we are enabled to describe in great detail all that concerns it. Not the least curious, and even important, ad- vantage resulting from this fact is the insight we gain thereby into the temporalities of the rectors, as they existed at different periods. We not merely have an accurate statement of their nature at the compiling of that valuable record, the King's Book, but we learn whatever we need wish to learn, regarding the several circumstances of one living previously to the commutation of the tithes. Should any incumbent peruse this, or some similar, narrative of clerical income, he cannot fail being as much surprised, as gratified, whilst contrasting the simplicity, and pleasantness, of his own proceedings with the complicated, and dis- agreeable, system of remuneration, which fell to the lot of his predecessors. The whole matter is here laid open to our view : we are made to know all about ' the tithe pig,' as well as the tithe corn ; about ' the mortuary guinea,' (though in the country it did not exceed the statutable sum often shillings,) as well as the tithe of young creatures, of milk, too, of leeks, and of willows. The Rev. Thomas Cooke Burroughes intended to print a History of Landbeach, drawn up from the papers left by his father-in-law, and predecessor in the living, Mr Masters. His compilation, which for some reason or other he abandoned, is extremely meagre, and unsatisfactory : the manuscript consists of only twenty-nine pages of small quarto written loosely in a large and free hand. Another document, the work of Mr Masters himself, and out of which the above was chiefly taken, is of much greater value. It is preserved in the Kectory-house, and is entitled Collectanea de Landheacli. In it Mr Masters has noted a variety of things relating to his parish, some procured from an examination of the Landbeach drawer in the treasury of his college, and some giving cither the results of his own observation, or chro- nicling what he had himself sought out, together with what he had himself done for the benefit of his church. Frequent reference is made in this History to the college, and individuals are described simj^ly, as mas- ters, or fellows. Of course, it will be understood, that these terms are connected with Corpus Christi Col- lege, Cambridge, the owner of one of the manors in Landbeach. So, also, when Masters, and Lamb, arc quoted, the books meant are the History of that college by the former, and the re2:»rint of the same History by the latter. The view of the church was prepared by Mr Bur- roughes for the publication, wdiich he had projected : having become the property of Professor Babington, he has been good enough to allow it to be used on the present occasion. It is not, however, strictly accurate. The writer would wish to express his obligations to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, at whose ex- VI pense this History of Landbeach, as was that of Waterbeach, has been printed : likewise, to Professor Babington, the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor, M.A., fellow of St John's college, the Bev. J. H. Sperling, M.A., rector of Wicken Bonant, and C. H. Cooper, Esq. F.S.A., of Cambridge. The Vicarage, Waterbeacii, Aucjud 2, i86r. CONTENTS. PAGE The Parish 1 The Charities 39 The Church 46 The Rectors 99 Measurements of Landbcach Church . . . . .120 HISTORY OF LANDBEACH. THE PARISH. The parish of Landbeach in the county of Cambridge is bounded on the east by Waterbeach, on the south by ^lilton^ and Impington, and on the west by Histon and Cottenham ; but to- wards the north it gradually terminates so completely in a sharp point, that it cannot be said to have there any boundary at all. The village is situated five miles to the north of Cambridge. When, or how, Landbeach began to be numbered among the parishes of this county, we do not possess the means of ascertain- ing ; no doubt, however, it occurred in very early times, and several centuries before the Norman Contjuest. The district, which at present forms the parish, was traversed by two works of Roman art, portions whereof still excite the curiosity, and exercise the ingenuity, of the learned in antiquarian lore. The works alluded to were a canal joining the river Graunt or Cam to the Old Ouse, or Old West river ; and a highway runninq; from Cambridge to the villaffe of Streetham or Stretham, named thus in consequence of its being built on that line of road. The canal first crossed the southern part of the parish of ^ Milton was anciently spelt in various ways, viz. Middeltune, Medilton, &c. ' Middleton so called, as lying on a hill, surrounded with low grounds, marshes, and water, Mid-Le-Ton.' Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, Vol. iv. p. 645. Waterbeach, entering Landbeach near a tenement called Goose house, where it intersected the highway, and where, by reason of such intersection, some provision (most Hkely, that of a permanent wooden bridge) must have been made for the convenience of travellers. It then continued its course over what, previous to the inclosure, was Landbeach common, until it reached Chayre fen in Cottenham parish. This artificial cut, for 'it has not the least ap- pearance of a natural river,' is allowed to have been an extension of the celebrated Car Dyke, or Cars Dyke, a ditch sixty feet broad, which once ran, and even now runs, from Peterborough to Lincoln, but which may be traced up to Torksey on the river Trent. Who made the cut, and for what purpose, we cannot positively tell. We can only suppose, that the original work, as well as our southern portion of it, could scarcely have proceeded from any other people than the Romans. They wished, in the first place, to keep the upland waters from inundating the low- lands of the district we should now term Lincolnshire ; whilst, secondly, when an extension southwards was determined upon, they sought to provide for the conveyance of corn from the produc- tive lands of Cambridgeshire, and the neighbouring counties, in order to maintain their troops in the north, at York and else- where. Both these conjectures, as to the design and use of the two portions of the same canal, appear to be well grounded ; nevertheless they are merely conjectures, though, in regard to the latter of them, Stukeley is very confident, and refers to it again and again in his Medallic History of Caraumis'^ . According to a tradition existing in the parish, boats used in old times to come up from the east to the rectory field opposite the present black- smith's shop, and there unload, a depression in the field being pointed out as the actual spot, where this occurred. Not the least dependence is to be placed on such a tradition, which could only be true, if a branch cut from the Oar Dyke ever ended there, and 1 Book I. pp. 125, 168, 198, 208 ; Book ii. pp. 1.30, &c. Sec a memoir of Stukeley in IMastcvs, pp. .181, &c. J that for several reasons hardly seems probable : no amount of flood was able of itself to bring boats to so high a level. The Roman road was styled by the Anglo-Saxons Akeman Street [strata], and ran for three miles at least through the tract of land comprised in the parish of Landbeach. It really com- menced at Bath, and is said to have received its designation from Akemanceaster, (the city of invalids,) one of the names given by the Anglo-Saxons to that city, ceaster having been added by them to point out a Roman site. Generally, however, it is asserted to begin at Cirencester, whence it extended by Wood- stock, Bicester, Woburn, Shefford, Wrestlingworth, and Orwell, to Cambridge (near the old castle^), and Ely; and from Ely by Southery, Downham Market, and Castle Rising, to Brancaster on the north-east coast of Norfolk, the Brannodunum or Brano- dunum of the Romans, ' who had a famous station and castle here"/ This road is still perfectly visible, under the form of a country lane, called anciently Beche way, but now Millway, from the Kina-'s Hedo-es'^ in Chesterton to the west end of Cock fen lane nearly opposite Landbeach church. The part lying between Cambridge, and the King's Hedges, was ploughed up on the in- closure of Chesterton in 1838. It may then be faintly traced to its junction at Goose house with the common high road lead- ing to Ely, which goes upon it for a short distance. Just past Denney Abbey, it bore slightly to the right of the turnpike road, leaving the parish of Landbeach, and entering A^'aterbeach, (as can still be clearly seen near the eighth mile-stone \) and crossed the Old Ouse at a ford near an osier-holt half a mile below wh;it 1 A drawing of this fortress, as it stood in the middle of the sixtcentli century, may be seen in Gough's Antiquities of England and Wales, Vol. i. " Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, Vol. v. p. 1254. ^ The name was known in 1522. ■» The line of hedge along the east side of the southern portion of the supposed Roman road was cut down, the bank partially levelled, and tlie road itself thrown into an adjoining field, in December, 1858. The northern portion had been so treated some years before. b2 used to be Stretham ferry ^ This is the account given of it in Babingtons Ancient CamhridgesUre'^, and it would seem to be the true one. In confirmation thereof we may add what Stuke- ley^ says, who, writing in 1759, a few years before the present Cambridge and Ely road was made, for the completion of which in some parts its materials were used, describes it as running ' in a very straight line.' The Ordnance map, on the contrary, lays down the Akeman street, as identical with the Ely road from Goose house uj) to the late ferry itself, (thus connecting it with Landbeach for nearly half a mile further,) and makes it enter the Isle at that spot. To what extent the Romans colonized these parts is extremely uncertain. That some individuals among them must have occa- sionally taken up their abode here is a notion, which naturally results from what has been mentioned above respecting the ancient canal and road ; neither is it improbable, that a portion of such settlers ended by taking up more than a transitory abode. A bronze bust was dug out of a gravel pit close to the border of the parish on the Cottenhara side in 1855; nevertheless Roman antiquities of any kind do not often occur, so as to furnish their testimony upon the point. Near the old farm-house on the Worts' estate is a plot of ground 85 feet wide and 110 feet long surrounded by a very broad and deep ditch. The mansion of the lord of the manor of Bray, whom we shall soon read about, must have been near, but could not well have stood on so confined a space. It was, most likely, used in much earlier times as a post for security, * The ferry ceased to exist about 1763, in consequence of the Act of Parliament referred to on p. 34, which ordered it to be bought up by the trustees of the road from Peter Standly, Esq. lord of the manor of Water- beach cum Denney, and a substantial bridge to be built without delay at or near it. ^ pp. 10, &c. Cambridge Antiquarian Society. ^ Medallic Hist, of Carausins, Book ii. p. 133. or even defence, insignificant as it is. Small plots of ground similarly protected are not uncommon \ Though the parish in former days was more commonly denominated Beche than Landbeche, (and, indeed, is so now, as well as Waterbeach, by the multitude,) it is necessary to take the longer name, and endeavour to explain it, difficult as it may be satisfactorily to determine, what each portion of it was really intended to signify, Stukeley- imagined Bech or Beck (the latter mode of spelling marks its original pronunciation) to have been derived from an old Norse word Bee, which is not yet out of use among us, and which means a runnhifj stream. In this supposition he may be correct ; but, when he makes the waters of the Car Dyke that running stream, he would appear to be in error, it must rather be the river Graunt. The prefix ' Land' comes in contradistinction to the prefix ' Water' in the name of the neighbouring parish of Waterbeach : both refer to the same circumstance, and that can scarcely be any other than the overflowing of the Graunt. As Waterbeach, therefore, from the nature of its situation, was affected, and seriously injured, by the stagnant waters, which once remained for many months, and in some places perpetually, on the parts in the vicinity of the river ; so was Landbeach fortunate in being on higher ground, and at such a distance, that the inundation could not reach it. This view of the matter was advocated by Cole^, who observes respecting Landbeach ' for distinction Sake so called, and stand- eth a little more remote from the fens than the other Beech.* To derive Bech from the word beach, and make it express the bank of a river, which has often been done, is not only contrary to the usual signification of the word, but would represent Land- beach to be situated on that bank, though it is sufficiently 1 On Braham farm, two miles to the south of Ely, is one defended by a triple ditch along each side. - Ibid. Book i. p. 210. •^ MSS. YiA. xLviii. p. 118. 6 distant therefrom to allow the whole breadth of Waterbeach to intervene between them. The earliest notice we have of Landbeach occurs in the Liber Eliensis'^. There we find two persons named, who resided in the parish about the middle of the tenth century, Oswi and Oschetel ; perhaps also a third, Sexferth, the father of Oschetel. They were reckoned among the proceres, or majores, illius pro- vinciiie, that is, of Grentebr'scire ; and, from being of the highest respectability, are said to have been constantly present at all transactions pertaining to land. For in that early age, and like- ■wise in later times, the common custom was, as we may equally ])erceive from an extract soon to be produced out of Domesday Boole, not to have a written document, but rather to bring together a number of men worthy of credit — fideles viros — who might see the money paid, as well as the property transferred, and con- sequently be able, on the arising of any controversy, to testify what had been done. We must now go on to Domesday Boole, and 1086, the year of its completion. Landbeach is described under the name of Utbech, which word is conceived to signify outivard Bech, or, possibly, Bech out of (the water), in either case strengthening M'hat has been already remarked about the meaning of the prefix ' Land.' In Utbech Muccullus holds of Picot vi hides. The arable land is in carucates. One carucate is in demesne ; and VI villani with iiii°'" bordarii, and ix cottarii, have ii carucates. The meadow land is in carucates. There is pasturage for the cattle of the village. It is worth nn'"' pounds and vi shillings. AVhen the property was received [from William I. by Picot] in j)Ounds. In the time of King Edward [the Confessor] iin pounds and X shiUings. Of this land Blacuin held of the king ii hides and in virgates. And iiii men of King Edward had ii hides; and they were wont to find the sheriff in days' work of the 1 Lib. II. capp. 1], 18, 24, 33. - Vol. I. fol. 201 b. plough, and i day's attendance. And Albertus, a man of the abbot of Ely, had i hide, which he was able neither to sell, nor to separate from the church ; and another man of the abbot had one virgate, and was able to sell [it]. The soc remained to the abbot alone \ The AddiicDiienta, or the third volume of Domesday Book^ says under the \X\Xq Inqidsitio EUensis-: In ut beche Mucellus [holds] of Picot, the sheriff, i virgate of the soc of S. ^del. [Etheldreda] of ely : they were able to sell [it] without the soc : it is worth m shillings. And in the same village Ailbertus had held of Saint ^del. of ely i hide : he was not able to sell, nor to separate [it] from the church ; and now the aforesaid Mucellus holds [it] of Picot, the sheriff: it is worth x shillings. In the same village two cartwrights hold iii hides and a half, which [land] Osuui [Oswi] held of S. -^del. of eli : he was not able to sell, nor to separate [it] from the church, as the whole Hundred testified in the time of King Edward, and at his death : it is worth III pounds. The land^ of two of the king's cartwrights in North Stow .Hundred. In Utbech ii*' cartwrights hold of the king v hides. The arable land is ii carucates and a half. In demesne are nil hides and i virgate; and ii carucates are there. There'* III villani with x cottarii have half a carucate. It is worth ex shillings". When it was received [from William I, by the two cartwrights] iiii pounds and v shillings. In the time of King Edward vii pounds and x shillings. Of this land i man of [Earl] Wallef had i hide and a half. He used to find i day's work of tlie plough; and was able to sell [the land]. And Oswi, a man of the abbot of Ely, had in hides and a half: he was not able to ■• The original has u, for uno, surely, which must be itself for uni. 2 P. 504. ^ Domesday Book, Vol. i. fol. 202 a. * In Utbech. Is there not an error in the distribution of the land ? The several quantities make more than five hides. ■'"' The Norman pound contained twenty shillings. sell, nor to separate [them] from the church, as men of the Hundred testify. The preceding extracts give us the history of eleven hides of land, divided between two owners, Picot possessing six, and the cartwrights five, whilst both parties then held immediately of the king to the detriment in either case, particularly, however, in the latter, of the church at Ely. As regards those extracts a few remarks are here indispensable. We first have according to custom a description of the property, as it stood in the time of the Normans ; next, as it stood in the Anglo-Saxon times im- mediately before, with a statement of its value at three different periods. Something will be said elsewhere about Picot, the sheriff. Blacuin we know to have been his Anglo-Saxon pre- decessor in office from his being styled vicecomes in what we gain out of Domesday Book relating to Waterbeach. A hide is de- clared in one of the ancient field-books of Landbeach, in a contemporary handwriting, to have consisted of ]10 acres, and to have been called a ploughland (cultura): the carucate, from caruca a plough^ went likewise under the same designation, and contained usually 60 acres, but sometimes more : the virgate or yardland was a quarter of a hide, and therefore measured about 80 acres. The villani (bondmen or serfs) were annexed either to the land, or to the person of the lord, and were thus trans- ferable^ The bordarii (cottagers) from bord, the Anglo-Saxon word for a cottage, occupied perhaps a less servile condition than the villani. The cottarii were cottagers, who paid rent in provisions or money, and rendered some customary services^. The value of the two estates, when delivered over to his favourites ^ Helen de Beclie made over to her son Godefrid (Godyn) her servant Symon de Hilburne. So, also, 41 Edvv. III. [1367] certain serfs of Landbech were given up on the part of the college to Sir Thomas Marlebourgh, clerk, (who ten years later was rector of Long Stanton St JMichael's,) cum eonim sequelis tarn procreatis quam procreandis cum omnibus suis terris, tenemen- tis, &c. * KUis' General Introduction to Doinenday Book, Vol. i. pp. 74—85. and followers by William I., was much less than it. had been before his arrival in England, a natural conse(|uence of his invasion of the kingdom, and of the confusion which ensued, though by 1086 it had in one case nearly recovered itself. The men of King Edward, and so afterwards, of the abbot of Ely, as well as of Earl Wallef, the Anglo-Saxon, were in some manner, of course,. vassals of those parties. The soc properly signified the district com- prehended under a privileged jurisdiction, and also the right of holding a court, to which all freemen of the district should repair : hence the socmen, or socagers (the root from which our English yeomanry sprung), meant the persons subject to that jurisdiction. Trifling offences only were taken cognizance of, such as were not specially under the sheriff* and county court\ The cartwrights (carpentarii) mentioned in the second and third extracts were evidently men of importance notwithstanding their occupation ; when styled the king's cartwrights, it would simply be, we may suppose, from holding land under him. In 1400, Henry IV. issued a commission concerning the free warren belonging to the sovereign, and by him assigned to the castle at Cambridge. This free warren extended over a large tract of country to the north of the town, embracing a variety of parishes, namely, Girton, Histon, Cottenham, Landbeach, AVater- beach, Milton, and Chesterton. King John had made the warren. From a comparison of two passages in the Hundred Rolls"-, we become acquainted with its ancient boundaries. Beginning at the castle it ran along the king's highway to Huntingdon up to a bridge called Syrebrigge or Serebrigge : from Syrebrigge it followed the course of the water to West Wicbrigge^; and from West Wicbrlgge it passed on to the great road leading from ' Kerable's Codex Diplomat. Vol. i. Introduc. pp. xlv, xlvi ; Hallam's Middle Ayes, Vol. ii. pp. 274, 29G, edit. 1853. - Tom. II. pp. 407, 4.52. ^ Westwick was once a hamlet of Cottenham, hut has long been at- tached to Hokynton. 10 Hampton : from the Hampton road it was continued to Ballassise or Belasisse ; and from Ballassise to the bank of the river : having gone along this bank it turned back to Sobasselode, Squappelode, or Squasselode ; and thence also along the bank of the river to the [great] bridge at Cambridge. Ballassise is now known as Balsar's hilP, a large circular camp, probably a British fort, in the parish of Willingham, but not far from the borders of Cottenhani and Rampton. The first river referred to means the Old Ouse; the second, the Graunt. The lode must have been some lode or ditch leading by a short cut from the Old Ouse to the Graunt ; and in an ancient map of Stretham parish we meet with ' "Wash load ' exactly where we should have expected to find such a lode, im- mediately to the north of Haveringniere, or, as it is commonly called, Harrimere. Before proceeding further with this History of the parish of Landbeach, it seems right to say a few words respecting the several families, whose names are connected with its manors, and with the advowson of the living, in early times. We first read of Picot in Domesday Book^ where he is styled Picot de Grentebrige, or of Cambridge, of course, from generally residing there". He came over with William L, and, in return for the services which he rendered to him, received the barony of Bourne [Brunna], and a large extent of land in this county. IMoreover, he was made perpetual sheriff of Cambridgeshire. His office, no less than his possessions, rendered him a person of great power and consequence. Picot does not appear to have con- ducted himself with much moderation in his high position : like most of the Normans he was exceedingly rapacious, and scrupled not to violate every principle divine and human, which interfered with his plans. Thomas, that monk of Ely, to whom we owe the early portion of the Liher EUensis^ devotes a v/hole ^ Babington's Ancient CamhrirJgeshire, p. 49; Lysons' Camhridgeshire,T^.74. '^ See Cole's MSS. Vol. xi. pp. 203, &c. for his descendants and repre- sentatives ; also. Baker's MSS. Vol. ix. pp. 7, 8. 11 chapter' to hira ; and, certainly, he does not spare one, of whom he thinks so badly, and who he says was gente Nonnannus, animo Getulo. Indignant at the injuries inflicted by Picot upon his conventual brethren, Thomas calls him in one sentence, with an exuberance of vituperation, not very unnatural perhaps under the circumstances, leo famelicus, lupus oberrans, vulpes subdola, sus lutulenta, canis impudens. The extracts from Domesday Boole quoted above furnish ample evidence of Picot''s tendency to spoliation. One hide of land is expressly stated in the second extract to be holden of him in 1086, which had recently been held of the abbot of Ely with very stringent conditions as to sale, or alienation from the church. Picot's son Robert incurred the anger of Hen. I., quod in regis necem, et regni proditionem, conspirasset. He had favoured the party of his namesake Robert, duke of Normandy, Henry's un- fortunate eldest brother, whose standard-bearer he w as ; wherefore, on Eobert'^s discomfiture and imprisonment in 1106, he was him- self obliged to flee the kingdom, and abandon his estates. These estates were then conferred upon Payne [Paganus] de Peverel, cousin and nearest relation to Robert Picot. Payne died of a fever in London about 1122". Sir William de Peverel, Knt. Payne's only son, dying at Jerusalem, whilst on a crusade, without issue, the property fell to his four sisters. Of these ladies A delicia, or Alice, the third, married Hamon de Peche, who, 10 Hen. II. [1164], was sheriff" of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire; and w ho in 1 1 68 paid a mark for the knight's fee, which he possessed in Landbeach in right of his wife. He died in 1190. When 6 Rich. I. [1195] a feudal aid of twenty shillings on every knight's fee, as scutage^, was collected to redeem the king fi-om captivity, 1 Lib. II cap. 131. ^ Paganus Vicecomes is said to have been sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonsliire 2 Hen. II. [1156], but it could not have been Paganus de Peverel. Fuller's Worthies of England, Vol. i. p. 247, edit. 1840. •^ Scutage or escuage was a pecuniary compensation to the superior lord for personal service. It had been introduced in 1159. 12 Gilbert, their son and heir, paid two marks and a half for the property, which came to him through his mother. He was still alive 6 John [1 204]. Gilbert's son was named Hamon after his frrandfather : he was for a short time under guardianship, and died in the Holy Land 25 Hen. III. [1241], leaving a son Gilbert, who died 19 Edw. I. [1291]. The son of this last Gilbert was likewise christened Gilbert : he became baron de Peche of Brune in 1299 \ In the church of Aid worth or Aid worthy in Berkshire are several monuments, six occupying recesses in the walls, with nine recumbent figures on the top, more or less mutilated, four of which are crosslegged, all belonging to the family of De la Beche, who formerly had a mansion on the neighbouring hilP. This family must not be confounded, as it sometimes has been, and even by Cole himself, with the family of De Beche, an ancient and numerous family of great esteem and worth, who from a very early period had the usual place of their abode at Landbeach. They resided to the east of the church, where, from what may be seen at present, the original manor-house with its moats and fishponds undoubtedly stood. The first of the fa- mily, whom we read of, is Helen de Beche. She possessed the manor of Great Eversden, and exercised the privilege of holding a Court Leet, in the reign of Hen. I. Aleyn de Beche is next brought to our notice, who early in the reign of Hen. II. pre- sented the first rector, whose name we know, to the living. Aleyn is placed here, because, when he is stated to have held the manor of Landbeach of Sir AVilliam de Peverel, the ex- pression is presumed to imply, that he held it actually of Sir William himself, and not of his representatives. Nor does this arrangement interfere at all with the chronology, as regards his ^ Nicolas' Historic Peerage, p. 874, edit. 1857. ■^ Cough's Sepulchral Monuments, Vol. iii. pp. cvii, cviii ; Gentleman's MiKjnzinc for 1760, p. -ISO ; Lysons' Berkshire, pp. 208, 232. 13 son Robert, and his daughters Helen and Isabel ; for it is clear the latter came into their brother''s property late in life. Sir Everard de Beche, Knt., Aleyn's brother, probably, was a highly distinguished member of the family, who with others witnessed in 1166 the grant made in favour of the Benedictine monks of Denney by Robert, the chamberlain to Conan IV. duke of Brittany, and earl of Richmond ^ Sir Everard was sheriff of Cambrid Cheshire and Huntino-donshire from 16 to 23 Hen. II. [1170—1177]. He was a man of taste and judgment in ecclesiastical architecture. Consequently, Robert, prior of Barnwell for some years both before and after 11 89, induced him to assist in erecting the high church of that monastery, a building which was completely demolished very many years ago, and whose foundations even are now no longer trace- able. Robertus, virum honorandum, et per omnia commendan- dum, militem egregium Everardum de Beche, ad officinarum et ecclesie construxionem sibi consocians, et ejus consilio ac auxilio utens, ecclesiam a Pagano [Payne de Peverel] inchoatam funditus evertit, aliamque decentiorem et ponderosi operis complevit". Sir Everard had the privilege of being buried in that church near the founder of the monastery. His services were so greatly ap- preciated, that the following Latin distich was also cut on the base of the village cross set up on the public road in the western part of Barnwell : — Quisquis es, Eurardi memor esto Bechensis, et ora Liber ut ad requiem transeat absque mora. Robert, the son of Aleyn, was alive in 1216, but King John then held his lands, and exercised his ecclesiastical rights in respect to the living of Landbeach. This Robert leaving no children, the property fell about 1240 to his sisters Helen and ^ Dugdale's Mbnas^ Angl. Vol. vi. Part 3, p. 1552 ; Clay's Hist, of Water- leach, pp. 85, &c. ' Baker's 3ISS. Vol. ix. p. 25 ; Leland's Collect. Vol. ii. pp. 437, 438. 14 Isabel. Helen had married Geoffry le Bere d'Elyngtone', (who at that time was dead,) and had given birth to two sons John, and Godyn, Godmus, or Godefrid, for he is called by all these names. John became guardian to John Avenel, (son of Sir Robert Avenel, Knt.) his aunt IsabePs grandson, and died without issue : on the other hand, Godyn had a son christened John, (the guardian of ^Villiam Avenel, her great grandson,) and a grand- son named Stephen. Helen inherited her brother''s property in Landbeach. She was found, 28 Hen. III. [1244], to possess half a knight's fee'" in the villages of Toft and Bech, and one knight's fee in Wynepole, At the same time another John de Beche, for it could hardly have been her son, was the owner of half a kniolit's fee in Mordent In the rei^n of Edw. III. we also find a Sir John de Beche, Knt., who bore for his arms, azure, an eagle, argent, charged on the shoulder with a raaunch, gules. Sir Robert de Beche, Knt. held about 1360 the manor of Barton, of which the collegfe bou2;ht the reversion after his death. Isabel, the other sister and coheiress of Robert de Beche, entered upon the possession of lands in Wimpole, Toft, and Morden, at her brother's death, amounting to two knight's fees. She was the wife of a gentleman named Avenel, whose chief seat was at Gamlingay, and had had by him a son Sir Robert. Sir John Avenel, Knt.*, the fourth in direct descent from Sir Robert, made over to the college in 1355, a very few years before he died, ^ Ellington in the county of Huntingdon ? '^ A knight's fee was a very variable quantity of land. Depending for its size on the mere will and pleasure of the superior lord, it sometimes, as in the case of that belonging to the family of De Beche in Landbeach, con- sisted of five hides, or even more, sometimes, on the contrary, of only two. The knight's fees, therefore, of the same parish might not correspond with each other in extent. See Du Cange sub Feudum Militare. 3 Testa de Nevill, p. 353. * His name occurs in Devon's Issues of the Exchequer, p. IGO, under the date 27 Edw. III. [13501, as having had a thousand pounds allowed him by the king for delivering up to him Roland Danej-s, whom ho had lately taken prisoner in Brittany. 15 his alternate right of presentation to the rectory of Landbeach. John, the son of this Sir John, was probably John Avenel of Ganihngay, sheriff of the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon ] Rich. II. [J 377]. Robert Avenel, the last male heir of the race, died in the reign of Rich. II. One of his daughters and coheiresses married into the family of St. George of Hatley\ which thus became possessed of a portion of the Avenel property. The family of Le Chamberlayne lived first at Brent or Burnt- Pelham in Hertfordshire, and were still resident there in 1249. In that year Henry, son of Sir Walter, (the purchaser of the manor of Landbeach,) was granted one hundred acres of land out of the estate belonging to the cathedral of St. Paul by Fulke, bishop of London. With regard to this family it is necessary to state, that there were two Walters, and two Henries. The Henry just referred to had a son named Walter (who was living, and in the enjoyment of the manor, before 1 272) ; and he again a son named Henry, whose son Sir Thomas sold the manor to the college in 1359: thus the property passed through the hands of four direct descendants from Sir Walter. Alicia, or Alice, Ic Chaumberlein must have been a daughter of Sir Walter. She was prioress of the nunnery of St. Rhadegund in Cambridge about the year 1278: she is likewise the lady mentioned by Mr Masters^, as having given a silver cup (ponderinge xxviii unces) to the church of St. Benedict. The name of Robert le Chaum- berlein occurs in the Hundred Rolls'^. He was probably a younger son of Sir Walter. He gave the prior of Barnwell thirty-four acres of arable land, and one rood of meadow, in Waterbeach; which estate the prior possessed in 1279, and was able to pro- duce deeds in confirmation of his claim to it, duly executed by the said Robert, and his son George. Henry le Chaumberlein, son of Walter, and grandson of the former Henry, persisting in holding ' See a pedigree of this family in Cole's MSS. Vol. xi. pp. 4, &c. ^ So styled from a great fire, which happened there in the reign of Hen. I. ^ Append, p. 0. * Tom. ii. p. 450. 16 with others at Cambridge a tournament in 1 305, contrary to the letters patent granted to the university by Hen. III., was seized by the.sheriff, and detained for a time in prison'. The noise and bustle of tournaments interfered with the studies of the place. The manor of Northamstede, or Nuthamstede, in the parish of Barkway, was granted to him 8 Edw. II.' [1314]. Bishop Mon- tacute [Montagu] gave, prid. non. Jan. 1339-40, to this same Henry a licence to have mass said in his own house for a year. He was likewise permitted, exactly a twelvemonth afterwards, to have divine service performed within his residence, in some proper place, for the space of two years. Sir Richard de Walsingham, Knt. passed property to him by fine, 19 Edw. III. [1345], in Burnham Overy^. Henry le Chaumberlein died some time in 1345. His son Sir Thomas appears to have been dead by 35 Edw. III. [1361], because under that date we find Thomas Gray, and Alan de Buxhull, a knight of the Garter*, named as his cousins and heirs. Sir Thomas left, however, male offspring; and since we learn, that a family called Chamberlayne settled at Kingston", they may have established themselves in that parish, though the name occurs in connexion with Landbeach as late as 1461 . By means of the extracts above quoted from Domesday Boole concerning the parish of Landbeach, we are enabled to trace the origin of its two manors, which were each termed originally the manor of Landbeach, but which are now known, and have been known for several centuries, by the names of the manor of Cham- berlayne, and the manor of Bray ^. 1 Rynier's F(edera, Vol. i. Part 2, p. 977. 2 Clutterbuck's Hist, of Hertfordshire, Vol. in. pp. 3G9, &c. 3 Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, Vol. iii. p. 738. ^ Beltz's Memorials of the Order of the Garter, pp. 188, &c. ^ Lysons' Cambridgeshire, p. 228; Hist, and Antiq. of Barnwell Abbey, Append, pp. 19, &c. " Another manor of Bray existed in Ickleton parish. About 1066, a great family of this name migrated from Normandy, where were three places called Brai. As a proof of the wide diffusion of the family, more than twenty dif- 17 And first, of the manor of Landbeach, or of Chamberlayne, or, according to the parish documents, of the college manor. Muccullus or Mucellus (the same person is meant in both places) held in 1086 six hides of land, that is, near upon seven hundred acres, of Picot, the sheriff. From these must have been con- stituted the manor in question, which may not have existed at all before Picot's time, and which he held par un Fe de Chivaler of William I. The family of the De Peverels were next the lords of the same manor under the king; and after them the De Peches, as their representatives through the female line. The De Beches, into whose possession the manor very soon came, most likely, by purchase, and early in the twelfth century, did not at first hold it directly of the king, but of the lord, and consequently bore the same relationship to him, which Muccullus did to Picot. For Aleyn de Beche is expressly recorded to have presented to the rectory of Landbeach in the reign of Hen. II., because he was the holder of the manor under Sir William de Peverel, Knt.; whilst Robert his son, 22 Hen. III. [1238], held it of Hamon de Peche. Again, in 1279, Walter le Chaumberlein held his knight's fee in Landbeach, that is, his manor, of Gilbert de Peche. On the other hand, Stephen le Bere, great grandson and representative of Helen de Beche, was declared in 1346 to hold the manor under the king. Moreover, when in 1369 the duke of Lancaster^ was allowed to give up to the college the estate he was temporarily in possession of for their benefit, he was asserted to hold it of the heirs of Helen, and even the terms, ferent coats of arms are assigned to it by the heralds. Two places in Eng- land are styled Bray, a parish in Berkshire, and an estate in the parish of St Just-in- Penwith, near Penzance. Lower's Putronym. Britan. p. 39. ' John of Gaunt obtained by marriage the estates, as well as the titles, of his father-in-law Henry, great grandson of Hen. III., created duke of Lancaster in 1351. Henry, though no great benefactor to the college, is commonly regarded as its founder, from having materially assisted in procur- ing the royal licence for that purpose, which is dated 7 Novem. 26 Edw. III. [1352]. About the same time he became a member of the gild of Corpus Christi. 18 on which he held it of them, are added— per servicium unius floris rosarum [at the feast of S. John the Baptist] pro omnibus servieiis. Thus, therefore, the grant of the manor immediately from the king (Hen. III.) must have been made to her. Helen, who had succeeded to the manor of Landbeach, on the death of her brother Robert, about 1240, shortly afterwards conveyed it to her elder son, John le Bere, by whom it was re- conveyed to his mother for the term of her natural life. She then sold it for a hundred marks of silver, her son joining in the transaction, to John de FerlesS 31 Hen, III. [1247], but re- served to herself a rent-charge of two shillings a year for all services, payable at the feast of S. John the Baptist. Helen's seal to her deed of sale (which has no date) is a fleur-de-lis, with her name in an oval shape round it. John de Ferles, about 1250, likewise made over to Sir Walter le Chaumberlein, Knt., of Brent Pelham, the same manor, together with all that capital messuage standing thereon, one carucate of land in the town of Landbech, &c., and the alternate patronage of the church ; or, as it is said in another document, he exchanged this property with him for other property. A rent-charge of two shillings a year was again reserved in favour of Helen, who soon, however, (describing herself to have been quondam uxor Galfrid le Bere,) released Sir Walter from the payment of it. Sir Walter le Chaumberlein, and his direct descendants, retained in their family this manors (of which they never had a o-rant from the crown.) for rather more than a century, after which it came by purchase into the possession of the college, and that body has ever since been the owner of it. Henry le ^ Cole's MSS. Vol. xxxvi. p. 48 &. This John de Ferles granted to Godyn, Helen's younger son, certain lands, &c. he rendering annually a pair of gilt spurs worth sixpence. A Johannes de Ferles was sheriff of Berkshire 10 Rich. T. [1109]. ^ The customs of the manor under the Chamberlaynes are given in Cole's MSS. \o\. XXXVII. pp. ?A, .S.5. 19 Chauraberlein, 27 Edw, I. [1299], laid claim to the privilege of holding a View of frank-pledge, which he affirmed belonged to his ancestors and himself on the payment to the king every year of half a mark^ He delivered over the manor, 16 Edw. III. [1342], three years before his own death, to Sir Thomas, his son, and Elizabeth, his daughter-in-law, together with all his goods and chattels, for an annuity of one hundred pounds of silver^. Sir Thomas, 20 Edw. III., gave aid towards making the king''s eldest son, Edward the Black Prince, a knight, for one fee in Landbeach held of Stephen le Bere, which the same Ste- phen declared to be free from all royal services. Sir Thomas le Chaumberlein, Knt., S3 Edw. III. [1359], granted to Thomas de Eltisle, parson of the church of St I^Iichael de Long Stanton, master of the college, his manor of Landbeach, and likewise his manor of Depdale, in the county of Norfolk, for one hundred pounds a year during his life-^; but this annuity he soon after abandoned. Between 35 and 40 Edw. III. we have a variety of releases of the manor from the several par- ties interested therein. At length, 41 Edw. III., Sir John de la Lee, Knt.', and others, to whom the manor had been granted, 35 Edw. III. by Thomas Gray, and Alan de Buxhull, gave an acquittance to Thomas de Eltisle, kc, for cynquente marcs of silver, and for two hundred more, in full payment de sept cens for the manor. The business relating to this manor, ^ Plucita de Quo Warranto, p. 102. '^ This sum seems di?proportionafcly large : Henry was at the time, perhaps, in a very unsatisfactory state of liealth, and not likely to live long. See p. IG. ^ Sir Thomas did not survive the making of this grant more than two years. See p. 16. * Sir John, in right of his wife, was lord of the manor of Brent Pelham. Clutterbuck's Hist, of Hertfordshire, Vol. iii. p. 444, An account of a dis- pute between him, and Thomas Gray of the same place, respecting the inheritance of Sir Thomas le Chamberlaync may be seen in Cole's MSS. Vol. V. pp. 12, &c. and V'ol. xxxvi. p. 150 ft. C2 20 and to its legal transference into the hands of the college, was not yet completed. For in 1368 Thomas de Kenyngton, rector of S. Dunstan's near the Tower of London, delivered up to John, king of Castile and Leon, duke of Lancaster, and others, his manor of Landbeach, (which must have been made over to him- self by Thomas de Eltisle), with all its appurtenances. Also, by Inquisition duly taken 43 Edw. IIL [1369] the duke of Lan- caster was empowered to assign it over, as well as the advovvson of the church, to the college. Its clear annual value was xxj". xv*^. ob.;^ and there were in demesne 346^^ acres of arable land, each worth iiij''. a year. A number of releases of the property were made to the said duke of Lancaster, &c., reaching from 42 Edw. III. to 9 Rich. II. [1368—1385]. A licence of mort- main for holding it was obtained at the expence of fifty marks, of which the last portion was not paid until 1391. The manor being now completely in the hands of the college, we find it leased by the master, John Kynne, 6 Aug. 11 Rich. II., to Thomas Oaldecote for one hundred shillings ^ of lawful money. The grant from the king to the college, the last act in this com- plicated business, took place 13 Rich. II. From 15 Rich. II. an estate called Berys, a portion of the demesne land of the above manor, had been in the hands of Thomas Bradefeld^, and Isabella his wife, by gift and feoffment of Sir William Castleacre, Knt., of Great Eversden. This estate consisted of 31 (or 41) acres of arable land, 8 acres of pasture, with 3 messuages. Having been assigned by Thomas Bradefeld, 11 Hen. IV. [1410], to Richard de Billyngford, master, Thomas Bodneye, rector of Landbech, and John Tytleshale, clerk, fellow, ^ Masters, Append, p. 44. ' Masters, in his Collectanea de Landbeach, writes pounds ; but, since the gross yearly value of the whole was only xxiiij''. iij-i. ob., he ought certainly to have written shillings. Thomas Caldecote could simply have farmed the demesne land, if indeed he farmed the whole even of that. ^ Thomas Bradfeld of Esthatlee is placed among the gentlemen of Cam- bridgeshire in 1433. 21 it was, the following year, formally delivered up to the college by the last two. Edmund Bendysh of Barenton [Barrington], 9 Hen. VI. [1430J, gave the master a release of this property. In 1434 a licence of mortmain was also obtained by Bodneye and Tytles- hale for holding it. It is right now to say something respecting the extent of the possessions purchased by the college. A general Inquisition for Cambridgeshire was taken 22 Hen. III. [1238], when it was found, that Robert de Beche held one knight's fee of Ilamon de Peche : he paid within a year and a half for castle-guard half a mark, with ii^j^ as aid to the sheriff; and held v hides of land liable to taxation. At another general Inquisition held at Cam- bridge 7 Edw. I [1279], Walter le Chaumberlein was found to hold in Landbech one knighfs fee together with a meadow, and the [alternate] patronage of the church. Walter held this of Gilbert de Peche, and he of the king : he gave half a mark to the sheriff as warpenes', and was liable to taxation^. The master was found, 6 Hen. VI. [1427], to hold one knight"'s fee: moreover, 21 Edw, IV. [1481], he paid pontage^ for five hides of land. The property, therefore, which the college bought, and which consti- tuted the manor, consisted of one knight''s fee, or five hides of land, that is, of 550 acres. It was termed a knight\s fee, when considered in its relation to the superior lord; as regarded all other parties, the amount of land the fee contained was alone noticed. When in 1 666^ however, a statement was made respect- ing the property in the parish, the college estate was thus de- scribed : — a homestall, two tenements, 145| acres of land, sheep- walk for 600 [720] sheep, and £20 from quit-rents. A large ^ Wart, Warth, or Ward, pennies meant money paid in lieu of keeping castle-guard at Cambridge. 2 Rot. Hundred, Tom. ii. p. 458. The liability to taxation had reference, as before, to the five hides of land, or the knight's fee. 3 Money for the repairing, or the rebuilding, of the great bridge at Cam- bridge. The parties benefited by the bridge were bound to pay for the accommodation. 99 portion of their purchase was then at all events in the hands of the copyholders. On the inclosure of Landbeach the college allotment amounted to 289 a, 1 r. 24 p. ; while the land held under the manor was 486 a. 2 r. SO p. The ancient court rolls are still in the treasury of the college, but they only begin with 2 Edw. Ill, [1328], or not more than thirty-one years before the manor was sold to them by Sir Thomas le Chamberlayne. From that date to the present they appear to be nearly complete. Though the college had at first let out their demesne land, they soon began to stock it for their own benefit. As early as 1399 such was the case, when four oxen cost the somewhat high price of iij^ iiij^ For the estate at Landbeach is said under that year to have supphed them with corn, and other provisions. A bailiff similarly managed it on their behalf until towards the time of Matthew Parker. Two daughters of John lord Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury, Elizabeth, dowager duchess of Norfolk, and Eleanor, relict of Sir Thomas Boteler, Knt., heir of Ralph lord Sudelye, (of whom the latter died in 1466, though the former was alive in 1489,) were great benefactors to the college. Part of some money, which those ladies bestowed upon it, was applied to the purchasing of a stock of sheep for their Landbeach property. The profits arising from the sheep were appointed to be annually divided between the master and fellows on S. Brice's day (Nov. 13th), the day on which the sisters had a solemn commemoration. In a letter written by the master, Thomas Cosyn, to the ryght worshypfuU and specially be trustyd Master John Sentwary, President^, occur the following words : — Master Sentwary qwhen it shall forteyn yliow to wryyt to me the neest tyme, I pray yhow send to me qwheyther yhe have maad yheet ony barghen for Sheepe to be at Beche to the wheel of the Colleg, and for the increes of such mony as yhe have knowlage ; and iif yhe have ' iMustery, Append, p. 31. 23 not as yhett for causys resonabyll sped the seyd thyngg, I trust, in tyme to com, yff it be thowt profitabyll, yhe wyll. Whilst William Sovvode was master, there happened such a general rot amongst the sheep iat Landbeacb, that hardly any remained ; but this loss was soon repaired by his successor. We come at length to the period, when the college changed their plans, and again commenced letting out their Landbeach estate. Mr John Baker, uterine brother of Matthew Parker, held a lease of the lordship, or demesne land, at the annual rent of viij''. ix^ iiij'*. He yielded up this lease to the college before it was half run out, in order to provide for the payment of twenty scholarships at xiij^ iiij*^. each, and for giving a like sum to the master. The lease so yielded up is asserted to have been worth four hundred marks, and the yearly value of the property to have been raised to xxij". xvij^ iiij''. Mr Cory, when rector of the parish, had a lease of the same lordship. It would seem to have been no unusual thing for the rector to hold a similar lease ; indeed, Mr Masters' strongly advocated its being regularly assigned him, as a means of making ' a considerable addition to his income.' The other manor of Landbeach, or the manor of Bray, which had its origin in the land once held by the two cartwrights of the king, has been in many hands. Hugh [Hugo] de Bray'^ was the owner of it, 14 Hen. III. [1229]. Eight years later he is also described as holding one knight"'s fee in Landbeach. An- other Hugh, most probably his son, held, 2 Edw. I. [1274], a knight's fee of [Aubrey de Vere] earl of Oxford, and he of the bishop of Ely^ and he of the king; and paid pontage. At the general Inquisition taken 7 Edw. I. Agnes, daughter of Hugh 1 P. 207. 2 Radulphus de Bray was sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, 1 Hen. III. [1216]; and within the next six years held the same office in Bedfordshire and Oxfordshire. The chief seat of the family was at Eaton Bray in Bedfordshire. •^ The clnirch must have recovered those rights over the land, of which in 103G it had been deprived. 24 de Bray, was said to hold one knight's fee and a half, with a meadow, under the same tenure as her father ; she exercised in addition the right of holding a View of frank-pledge, but the witnesses present could not tell on what authority. In 1299 William de Baldok claimed the power to hold a free court, and a View of frank-pledge, with the assize [mensuras] of bread and ale, in Landbeach, in right of his wife Agnes, whose ancestors, as he affirmed, had enjoyed these privileges uninterruptedly from before the memory of man\ Earl Aubrey [Albericus] held, 31 Edw. I. [1303], in Beche a knight's fee, which Gilbert de Bray then held under him, of the fee of the bishop of Ely. On the death of Agnes, and her husband, the property must have gone to another branch of the De Bray family. Hugh de Bray paid aid, 20 Edw. III. [1346J, for making the king's eldest son a knight, on account of one fee in Landbeach, which formerly William de Baldok had. Either he, or a son with the usual Christian name of the family, may have been in possession of the estate at least twenty years later, since a Hugh de Bray was living in Landbeach 40 Edw. III. At a general Inquisition taken G Hen. VI, [1427], William Keterich was found to be owner of one knight's fee held lately by Hugh de Bray. His son William held the manor of Bray of ^ Rot. Hundred. Tom. ii. p. 453 ; PhicUa de Quo Wan-anto, p. 105. Ralph de Baldok was bishop of London and lord chancellor in 1307; and Robert de Baldok, archdeacon of Middlesex, held also the latter office in 1323. William de Baldok and his wife were buried, and about the year 1300, at Tempsford in Bedfordshire, of which parish Hugh de Bray, her father, had acquired the manor by marriage Avith the only daughter and heiress of Roger de la Leye. In the north aisle of the church lies a very ancient incised slab agreeing in character with the time of their deaths, on which are the full-length figures of a man and his wife ; as around its verge was an inscription in Lombardic capitals, though the only part remaining now is— [ICI : GISENJT : ...A... DE : BALDOK : ET : AGNEYS : SA : FAME : QE : F : LES : ALMES : PRIERA : XL : JOVRS : DE : P. DOVN : A[VERA]. At each corner of the area of the slab is a cross resembling those with which altar-stones were marked. Lord Campbell's Lires of the Lord Chancellors of England, Vol. i. pp. 164, 177, edit. 1857; Nichols' Topogrtipher and Genealogist, Vol. i. p. 155 : see also Fisher's Collect. Hist. Gcncal. and Topng.fjr Bedfordshire, where the slab is engraved. 25 John, earl of Oxford, by the half part of one knight's fee, 12 Edw. IV. [1472]. Eiehard Keterich, grandson of the first Wilham, 19 Edw. IV., held the same manor of John, bishop of Ely\ in the right of his church, by the service of one knight's fee. In 1497, Wilham Rakclyffe was lord of the manor of Bray. The family of Kirby soon afterwards became lords of this manor. John Kirby held it under the earl of Oxford, and somewhere probably about 1500. John Kirby has been delibe- rately placed thus early, though he is related to have held under Earl Edward^ who came to the title only in 1562. Apparently, there is some mistake, as of Edward for John. Robert Kirkeby, armiger, son of Thomas, and step-son of William Rakclyffe, was an inhabitant of the parish in 1506, in which year he witnessed a document concerning charity land^. He died in 1521, and was then clearly the possessor of the manor, as is proved by one of the directions of his will. The manor was held 9 Eliz. [1567] by a variety of persons, viz. Margery, wife of Edward Steward, Margaret, wife of Ralphe Hall, and Michael her son, and Eliza- beth, the wife of George Hasell, coheiresses of Richard Kirk by, the late lord, who was buried 16th February, 1566-7^. The manor was at that time held of Edward, earl of Oxford, by the service of one knight's fee. Peter Palmer, arm.iger, owned the manor 36 Eliz. [1594], when we find Matthias, son and heir of John Martyn*, gentleman, of Barton, declared to be the holder of one-ninth part of it under him, paying a penny in lieu of all services. Subsequently it came into the hands of Sir John Barker, Bart, of Grimston Hall, Trimley, near Ips- wich, whose name occurs in conjunction with it in 1659 and ^ John Morton, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury, a cardinal, and lord chancellor. ^ See p. 41. 3 For an account of two lawsuits in which this family and its property were concerned, see Bendloe's Reports, pp. 126, &c., and Proceedings in Chan- cery in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, Vol. in. p. 55. * Both fother and son were buried in Barton church, the former in 1593, the latter in 1G13. 26 1665. The manor was next purchased by WiUiam Worts, or Woorts, Esq. of S. Catharine's college, M.A. 1702 \ Mr Worts died in 1709, leaving his estate at Landbeach, (now worth £1200 a year,) on the death of his two aunts, Day and Reeves, to five trustees, for certain purposes connected with the town and univer- sity of Cambridge, particularly with the Public Library, to the use of which the surplus was to be applied". The manor fell to the university about 1728, and, of course, still continues in their possession. As regards the size of the manor of Bray, from the first the owner of it is said to hold sometimes one knight's fee, sometimes one knight's fee and a half. Agnes, filia de Hugo de Bray, held, 7 Edw. I [1279], one knight's fee and a half; and yet her father, five years before, had only one knight's fee. Besides, Hugh de Bray is reported to hold the same quantity of land, that Agnes held, 22 Edw. III. [1348]. Again, John Kirby held the manor of the earl of Oxford by the service of one knight's fee and a half, as was recorded in the book of knight's fees belono-inof to that nobleman. In 1567 the manor consisted of 10 messuages, 12 tofts, 50 acres of arable land, 200 acres of pasture, 100 acres of heath, and free foldage in Landbeach, Milton, and Cottenham; 100 shillings rent in Landbeach, Water- beach, Milton, Impington, Girton, Cottenham, and Hokynton. From a parish book we learn, that it comprised in 1666 a horaestall and dove-house, with 205 acres of land, and sheep-gates for 600 [720] sheep. Since, however, nothing is there said respecting quit-rents, the land held under the manor could not be much, and probably never had been. When the parish was inclosed, the allotment made to Worts' Trustees contained 1 His father, also named William, had been fellow of Caius college, and one of the esquire bedells. Mr Cory had a lawsuit with Mr Worts in 1704 relating to a right of foldage, 'worth in the judgement of farmers £5 per annum.' Masters, p. 180. ^ Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, Vol. iv. p. 80. 27 687 a. 2 r. 34 p. ; the copyhold land held of them, as lords of the manor of Bray, being only 26 a. 1 r. 21 p. In October 15i9, during the incumbency of Matthew Parker, a terrier of the whole parish was drawn up collatione librorura omnium, veterum, et recentiorum, et cum diligenti perambulatione tenentium, maxime fide dignorum, ibidem commorantium. This terrier^ not only assigns 406 acres of arable land to the college, but represents Armiger (the Squire), by which title Kirkby is meant, to possess 429 acres. Now as the former number did not express the whole of the college possessions in Landbeach, so neither did the latter the whole of those in the hands of the Kirkby family. It would serve no object, however, to dwell upon the point, and to attempt to explain it. Whether the manor of Bray consisted of one knight's fee, or of one knight's fee and a half, is of small moment ; so likewise is it, whether the knight's fee in the latter case was of equal extent with the knight's fee in the former. Sufficient is it in this place to affirm, that the two properties were, and always had been, very similar. Hence Henry le Chaumberlein, and Anger de Bray, son of Hugh, were found at a general Inquisition, 9 Edw. II. [1815], to be the lords of the village ; as also, (and it is more to our present purpose,) in 1530 the college and Eichard Kyrkeby declared themselves to be y^ lordes of y'** towne. One half of the parish was given over to the grazing of cattle, which condition of things went on down to the time of the in- closure. In the middle of the seventeenth century a case of encroachment arose with respect to the sheep-walks, and a statement of the matter was drawn up preparatory to its being submitted to Robert Bernard, Esq. serjeant-at-law 2, for his ^ One kind of fen measurement used in it is styled a butt ; and three butts made an acre. ^ He was created serjeant-at-law by a vote of Parliament 80th October, 1CA8, and 22nd June, 1(349, an Act passed for him to be judge of the Isle of Ely. Wliitelock's Memorials of the English Affairs, pp. 340, 410. 28 opinion. An extract from this document will furnish some in- teresting information on the subject. In Landbeach there are 4 several [separate] open feilds of arable land, w'' in their several seasons, according to y® custome of the Town, are commonable for Sheep and other Cattle. In the s*^ Town there are several Lordships or JSIannors, and a great quantity of Waste ground ; but who is the cheif Lord of the Town, is not certainly known. The Master and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, are Lords of one Manner, and S' John Barker, Barronet, is Lord of another Manner. In this waste ground there hath been time out of mind 4 several Sheep-walks distinguished, and certainly known, one from another. The Colledge hath one, S' John Barker 2, and the Colledge Coppyhold Tenants in that Town hath a fourth. The bounds of these Sheep-walks are so certainly known, that the Sheep, that are in one of the walks, never have used to come into either of the other ; but when or how this waste ground was thus divided into several Sheep-walks, there is no mention, neither is it certainly known to w*^ Manner any part of this wast ground, where the Sheep-walks are, do belong. The Sheep belonging to these several walks have usually, in some times of the year, been driven out of their respective walks into some of the common arable feilds, but the Sheep, that belong to one walk, have not used to be driven over another walke either into y- common feild, or otherwise. Within a few months last past, and never before, the Sheppards belonging to S' John Barker's Sheep-walks have several times driven their Sheep out of their own walk over and thorough the Sheep-walk belonging to the Colledge tenants into one of the 4 arable feilds, and intend to do so still ; \\^ in wett weather will do much hurt to the ground, and be great damage to the Sheep Masters or owners, the Colledge tenants ; if they may drive them through, they may as well feed them there, as is conceived. The Question is, what remedy the Colledge tenants shall have, and ajrainst whom. 29 The four open fields, to which the preceding case refers, were termed Banworth field i, Mill field, Scachbowe field, and Dunstall field; and they contained 121, 303, 232, and 259 acres respec- tively, according to the terrier of 1549, for other documents re- present them a little differently. There was also a fifth field in Landbeach, but, from its name. Meadow field, it was chiefly pasture ; and this contained 186 acres. The sheep-gates, as given in a list of them written early in the eighteenth century, amounted to 3984, or rather to more, for it is added : — Note, that every Hundred Sheep Gate is sixscore, tho it is not reckoned so in this Account. Of these the College Walk claimed 1014 ; the Town Walk, which belonged to the College copyholders, 1020; the Home Walk 960; and Barhill Walk 990. Of course, the flocks were rarely, if ever, kept up at their fuU number. Coming down to later times the following is the description of his parish, which Mr Masters may have left behind him, and which Mr Burroughes intended to print : — Landbeach is of a good natural soil : yet, although cultivated by judicious farmers, its produce is unequal to that of some of the neighbouring parishes. The quantity of the arable land is less than ] 000 acres, whilst that of the inclosed pastures does not greatly exceed 100. There is a fine common nearly equal in quantity to the arable fields, which inclosed, and well cultivated, would be superior to them in quality, and not less profitable, than in its present state, for feeding horses, cows, sheep, &c. The cows may amount to upwards of 300, and the sheep to 2600, dropping about 900 lambs each year. These lambs are now obliged to be driven to a great distance for shelter and subsistence in the winter, at a very considerable trouble and expence ; and the cows to be succoured by hay and fodder brought from the villages around. An inclosure of a considerable part at the least of these commons would be highly beneficial, and will, 1 In Banworth field was a rising ground called Sickman's hill : Mr Mas- ters supposed the true name to be Socman's hill. See p. 9. 30 I should hope, be soon adopted by those, who are wise enough to discover their own interest therein. The inclosure soon came, and the rights of common, as well as the sheep-gates, were abolished. The requisite Act of Parlia- ment was passed 47 Geor. III. cap. 55, [1807], Mr. Burroughes being rector. The award of the commissioners is dated 15th December, 1813. From it we perceive, that in the parish of Landbeach are 2207a. 1 r. 27 p.; that of this quantity 1607a. 3r. 21 p. were freehold, 535a. Or. 15 p. copyhold, and 64a. Ir. 31 p. taken up with the turnpike-road, the public and private roads, the drains, and town streets. Besides, of the copyhold land 486 a. 2r. SO p. then belonged to the manor of Chamberlayne, 26 a. Ir. 21 p. to the- mar.or of Bray, 20 a. 2 r. 17 p. to the manor of Waterbeach cum Denney, and 1 a. 1 r. 27 p. to the manor of Milton. The Waterbeach cum Denney land was allotted in lieu of what had once been a part of the manor of Denney, which in early times, and down to ]351, was quite distinct from that of Waterbeach. It has just been enfranchised under the provisions of a recent Act of Parliament, the same Act being also in course of operation throughout the whole parish. In 1340, when Edw. III. obtained from parliament important aid for two years towards carrying on the war, which would naturally follow his assuming the title of king of France, Land- beach was at first required to contribute xj". x^ ; the sum really levied, however, upon the inhabitants was only vj". xv^, several items having been allowed in abatement^. Under the date of February, 5 Edw. VI. [1551], the taxe of the hole towne was iiij". iiij''., whereof the Colledge tenantes xxx\ ; Kirbyes Lordshipp xxx^; Freeholders [who had amongst them 145 acres] xx^ iiij*'. This could merely represent the money actually raised, not the amount of the assessment. We find the property in the parish assessed to the relief of the poor at £801. lOs. in 1760, some ^ Antiq>ia7-uin Communicfitinns, Cambridge Antiquarian Society, Vol. i. p. 12. 31 years before the inelosure. Now the rateable value is set at £3126. 5s. wliilst the gross annual rental is £3427. 9s. Sd. The number of the inhabitants of Landbeach must always have been very small : at present, after the inelosure, and consequent cultivation, of the common, fen, and waste, land, when more labourers are necessarily employed, it is far from large even for the size of the parish. We learn from a MS, in the library of Caius college^, that the sum annually paid to the bishop of Ely in 1517 for Ely, or Smoke, farthings, (which went to the support of the altar of S. Peter in the cathedral.) was 6hd. Since this sum consisted of as many farthings, as there were houses, allotting, of course, one chimney to each, they amounted to twenty-six; and then, if we reckon five to every one of the dwellings, which mode of computation cannot be far wrong, the parish contained just 130 persons. John Micklebourgh, at the bishop of Ely''s visitation, 16th July, 1728, reported fifty-one to be the number of families in his parish, out of which there was no more than one of dissenters. In 1781 Mr. Masters stated them to be only 49. At the taking of the census in 1851 the inhabitants reached 526, but in 1861 emigration had reduced them to 441. Three residents in Landbeach were returned among the gentry of Cambridgeshire, 12 Hen. VI. [1433], by the commissioners appointed to draw up a list of them, namely, Johannes Keterich, Henricus Attelanc, and Johannes Knith^. The first must have been a relative of the lord of the manor of Bray. Thomas Lane, D.D., master of St. Peter's college from 1431 to 1473, may have been one of Henry Attelane's family. The third name had been long connected with the parish. At the general Inquisition of 7 Edw. I. [1279], Gillebertus le Knyt, (Anglo-Saxon cnyht, knight, that is, servant,) who on the part of Landbeach was pre- sent to give evidence, was found to hold half a knight's fee of 1 No, 170, p. 70, See some remarks on Smoke Farthings in Nichols' Topographer and Genealogist, Vol. iii. pp. 14.5, 146. ^ Fuller's iroW/j?V;A- o/jE:??(//rmro preparacione et continuacione cujusdam lampadis pendentis ante altare sancti Jacobi apostoli ; que lampas omnibus diebus fostivis non destituctur lumine ab hiis, qui habent banc terram ] ro firma. Richard Merch, son and heir of Alice, 41 wife of Eichard Merch senior, and daughter of John Knyght of Landbech, released, 19 Hen. VI. [1440], his right to certain lands and tenements held by the master and scholars in Cam- bridge. This John Knyght is supposed to have been the donor of the tres Rudes. But it is just as likely, if not more so, that the donor was Thomas Knyht, who is said, in 1461, to have lately possessed land in, or near, le Myllefelde super ]\Ioore mede furlonge. In the terrier of 1549, we find the position of two half acres pointed out, which were once the property J/'"' Brocher ; and the word ecclesie is appended to his name. Evidently, therefore, this rector, who seems to have died the very beginning of 1 489-90, gave an acre of land for some purpose connected with his parish church. Alicia Feesson, widow, of Mylton, 20th September, 22 Hen. VII. [1506], made over to Thomas Lane, Roger AVarde, John Lane junior, Henry Lane son of John Lane senior, John Footte, Henry Lane son of Edward Lane, all of Landbeche, their heirs and assigns, one acre of land lying half in Dunstall feld, and half in le Roope. She appointed Walter Mascall to be her agent in the business ; and sealed the document in the presence of Robert Kerkeby, armiger, Richard Footte, Edward Lane, Robert Pamplion, and Henry Heme. The object of this transfer was certainly a charitable one, though it is not stated. Thomas Lane, by will proved 4th June, 1519, left ij tenements called JNIichers, and some lands in the fields, for a priest to sing, or say, Jesus Mass every Friday in the church for ever. Henry Lane, whose will was made 17th December, 1533, be- queathed to his wife Margaret all his lands and tenements for life, except those called Michers, of which the churchwardens were for ever to receive the rents for the maintenance of Jesus Mass in the church of Landbeach. Bohert Lane, by will proved 22nd ]\Iay, 1534, bequeathed an estate, which had belonged to his father, after the decease of his 42 mother, Margaret Lane, to provide a Diiigo, and Masse, in the churehe of Landbeche annually for the souls of Edward and Mar- garet Lane, and of Robert, his son. Several parcels of land are noticed in the terrier of 1549, lying in the various fields of Landbcach, and making altogether nine acres and a half, each parcel but two having invariably added to it W. Michel Villagii. Li one place, also, a boundary line is described by a reference to carta Willclmi Michel de terris datis Villagio. Mr Masters alludes to this land, and, quoting from ' the very deed ingrossed of y^ s'^ land,' dated 7th April, 1555, not only gives this sentence — De octo acris terrse arabilis, et j acra et di- midia de prato, datis Villagio de Beche per W. Michel, but adds, W. Michel pm'chased the said land of Mr Coke'. WiU'uuii Badslei/ gave by will, which was proved loth Sep- tember, 1558, his house called Thome's to the Poore, y® rent to be distributed yearly on Good Friday. John VijJers, who died here, and was buried IStli ^lay, 1609, left a small sura of money to the parish, the interest whereof he ordered to be given to the poor at the feast of S. Thomas an- nually. From several entries in the old vestry-book it is manifest, that this money was placed out at interest among the farmers of the parish. For, between 1st May, IGGO, and 2.3rd December, 1G71, there are five entries respecting it, whereby Francis Gun- nill, AVilliam Annis, and Robert Taylor, severally acknowledged to have in their hands part of the money gcucn by ould Vipers, and that the interest accruing therefrom was to be bestowed vpon the poore at the feast of S. Thomas. The whole sum covered by these entries is £5. los. 4:d. The money has long since disap- peared. The following extract from the vestry-book will come under this head of Charities. It is agreed, 6th Aprill, 1675, that 1 Mr Coke of Milton must be meant. We cannot, however, determine whether the lord of the manor, and judge of the Common Pleas, who died 25th August, 1553, and whose brass is within the altar-rails there, was the seller, or his son Thomas. Cooper's Athen. Cantab. Vol. i. pp. 114, 543. 43 John Ewsden is to enjoy for his life's time the house, wherein he now liveth, it beinge a Towne house, and for the same hee is to pay the summe of three shillings and fowerpence a yeare into the Hands of the Churchwardens of the towne of Landbeach for the time beinge yearly, to the vse of the parish afores'' ; and to pay the rent every halfe yeare dureingc his lifetime aforesaid, and Likewise to keepe the same in good Kepaire. Was this ' Towne house' the ' house called Thome's'? Katharine Hutton^ widow, 6th May, 7 Guliel. III. [1695], enfeoffed to John Chapman, and Robert Taylor the elder, the churchwardens, all that her Cottage with one Ixood of Arable Land. They were, however, to pay her twelvepence by y'^ AVeek during her natural life, to allow her to have her dwelling in y*^ said house for the same period, and also to repair it at their proper costs and charges, so as to make it Tenant able and con- venient for her. The witnesses to this document are John Dis- brow, William Feeson, and John Cooke. About the year 1720 a cottage on the green, and near it three other cottages, belonged to the town. An extract from the will of Mr Masters: — I give and de- vise to my son-in-law, Thomas Cooke Burroughes, and his heirs, my three tenements at Landbeach with the appurtenances, in trust to permit the same to be occupied by the clerk of that parish, a schoolmistress \ and a poor widow. The clerk to repair his own house, and to pay the quit-rent to Benet college. The three tenements to be at the disposal, and under the manage- ment, of the rector of Landbeach for the time being. They are all in good condition : the clerk's cottage has a garden ; the other two merely a small slip of ground. These two, with the knowledge, and express sanction, of the late Charity Commis- sioners, are not now occupied in accordance with ^Ir Masters' directions. Two rooms have been added on in the rear, at the ^ As early as lGo9 Landbeach possessed a schoolhouse with a piece of land attached to it : the parish repaired and cleaned it. 44 expence of Mr Tinkler ; but, even with this enlargement of the building, there is not more than sufficient accommodation for the village school, and for the residence of the schoolmaster and schoolmistress. The premises are kept in order by the rector; who, also, as well as the college, and Worts' trustees, con- tributes liberally to the necessary school fund. In the parish are two double cottages. One of them, that to the south of the clerk''s house, it has been agreed to consider as Badsley's charity. By an order of the present Charity Com- missioners, dated 11th June, 1861, it is eventually to be pulled down, and the ground, on which it stands, to form the site for a new school-room. The other, to the north of the clerk's house, is supposed to have been the widow Hutton's. This is likewise to be taken down, when some substantial cottages will be built in its place, the proceeds from which are to go, by direction of the same authorities, towards the maintenance, and repair, of the fabric of the church. The rector and church- wardens in the first case, the churchwardens alone in the second, to be in future the trustees of the property, which has hitherto been managed according to the decision of a vestry-meeting held 8th November, 1850. A trust has always existed in the parish for the manage- ment of some, if not of the whole, of the land left in Roman Catholic times to the church. The earliest document connected with it is one, by which Adam Gierke, the rector, transferred, 24th August, 1 Edward IV. [1461], to Thomas Clerke, John Clerke, clergyman, and Thomas Wodward, chaplain, two acres of arable land. He had himself been a trustee of this land, and of other lands belonging to the parish, in conjunction with John Hacche lately dead, having been appointed by Thomas Brooke, chaplain. The witnesses to the deed are Henry Lane, AVilliam Chamberlayne, John Fen, Richard Hacche, and John Scotte. Henry Lane, and Henry Gararde, delivered over the same land, 28th February, 20 Edw. IV. [1481], to John Beden- 45 ham. These two had had for their co-trustees Henry Wentworth of Nettylstead^ armiger, William Foorthe of Colcestia (Col- chester), and Thomas Thyes of Cambridge, clergyman, all dead ; and they had succeeded John Gierke lately of Landbeach, clergyman, and Thomas Gierke. The sealing of this document was witnessed by John Wryght, Walter Mascall, John Grene, Eobert Sockelynge, and John Watkyn. Thomas Warde senior, son and heir of Eoger ^V"arde recently deceased, created a new trust, 4th December, 2 Elizabeth [1559], in favour of Master John Porye, D.D. rector, Henry Gotobed, yeoman, Nicholas Aunger, Richard Thurlowe, Thomas Warde junior, John Hacche, and William Lane. The land, however, is at length stated to be four acres, and the phrase simul cum aliis terris is omitted, as well as the names of Thomas Wardens co -trustees, and of those whom he succeeded in the trust. The trust land continued to be conveyed in a similar manner down to a very recent period. Since the Reformation, (whatever may have been the case previously,) it is probable, that the profits arising from this land were always applied, as they are now, to the general expences of the church. For, in the churchwardens'' accounts from 1G39 to IGSl, we invariably find a sum of money added, as received for rent of the town land. These churchwardens' accounts exhibit another item — received from the Church Lotte ; and this item, which has not occurred, and which could not occur, subsequently to the inclosure of the parish, is thus to be explained. Frith fen^ was entirely grass land, and was laid out afresh every year among those persons, to whom certain portions of it belonged. The measurement was made throughout ' with a pole of xiij foot in 1 Margaret, daughter of Sir Jolm Wentworth of Nettlestead in SufFolk, married Sir John Seymour of Wolf Hall in Wiltshire, and became the mother of Jane Seymour, third queen of Hen. VIII. - The ditch lyings on the north quarter of Frith fen was called Land- beach Tilling. The water ran from this into the fens by means of another ditch styled Lode ditch, and so on, probably, to the Old Ouse. 46 length,' (in some places such pole representing one rood, and in others two,) as had formerly been used; and was never begun for two successive years at the same spot. The remnant that was left, after each proprietor had been assigned his due share, was appoint- ed for the Churche Lotte. It was a very ancient arrangement. By the inclosure award arable land, discharged of tithe, amounting to Sa. Sr. 14 p. was allotted to the churchwardens in lieu of their open field land, and rights of common. The land is let for £10 a year to a substantial tenant, the money being regularly received by the churchwardens, and by them placed to the credit of the parishioners. THE CHURCH. In 1112 Payne de Peverel wished to benefit the religious establishment of Austin, or black, canons founded by his uncle Picot twenty years before near the castle at Cambridge, but just removed by himself to Barnwell. He, therefore, made over to them two parts of the tithes arising from the demesne lands, which, as holding the barony of Bourne, he possessed in several parishes of the county, whereof Landbeach was onei, and which were distributed among his knights. In 1291 the prior of Barnwell was assessed, as a tithe owner, in connexion with the church of Landbeach : — Porcio Prioris de Bernewell in eadem [ecclesia de Landbeche] j"-. The history of this charge upon the living is nowhere given. It seems not unreasonable to imagine it to be the annual payment made to the prior out of the great tithes, in consequence of the above grant to his house by Payne. The sum they were once set at would neces- sarily remain, in those early times, unchanged for centuries. How long the composition continued to be paid, and ^what . eventually became of it, are equally unknown. ^ Baker's MSS.Volix. p.4 ; Hist, and Antiq. of BfirnweU Abbey, pp. 12,13. * Ta.r/it. Ecclesinst. P. Nicolai, p. 2(10. 47 Payne de Peverel could have carried out his intention with respect to the tithes of Landbeach, even had not the patron- age of the hving been joined to his manor, inasmuch as he had obtained the proper episcopal sanction, just as his uncle, and himself, had on two separate occasions obtained such sanc- tion to a similar proceeding in the case of the rectory of Water- beach^, over which they had no power. But this patronage was clearly inherent in the possessions, which had been transferred to Payne from the disloyal son of Picot-. In the treasury of the college still exists a curious Remembraunce, as it is termed on the back of it, written during the life time of Sir Thomas le Chamberlayne, in French, on a small piece of parchment. It furnishes an account of some particulars connected with the ancient history of the manor of Chamberlayne, and with the suc- cession to the rectory, commencing thus, according to Mr Mas- ters' transcript : — Aleyn de Beche tient en la Vile de Land- beche de Sir Wiliam de Peverel le INIaner de Landbeche et les Apurtenances par un Fe de Chivaler, auquel le Avowison de mesme la Eglise fut apurtenant. It consequently appears, that whoever held the Picot property in Landbeach, and was bene- ficially interested therein, had also (and it was by no means an unusual thing) the right of appointing the rector. Aleyn de Beche enjoyed this privilege by reason of his tenure : per- haps, other members of his family before him, as unquestion- ably his son after him. His daughter Helen was possessed of the same privilege. Having, however, inherited the manor from her brother Robert about 1 240, no great number of years pre- vious to her own death, she in 1247 sold it to John de Ferles. ^ Hist. pp. 27, 28. - In the Hist, and Antiq. of Barnwell Abbey, p. G4, William de Longcamp is stated to have appropriated the rectory of Landbeach, as bishop of Ely, to that foundation. This is an error by reason of the ambiguity of the name Beche ; which, though applicable to Landbeach, no less than to "VVaterbcach, undoubtedly means there the latter parish. See Baker's MSS. Vol. xxvii.i. pp. .34, .'3.5 ; Clay's Hist, of WaterUach, p. 26. 48 Nevertheless, the living she did not wholly part with to him: indeed, for the first time, as we may well believe, the patron- age of it was now taken in some measure out of the hands of the holder of the manor. For Helen de Beche requested John de Ferles to allow Sir Robert Avenel, Knt., the son of her sister Isabel, to have the next presentation to the living ; which led to a new arrangement respecting it. John de Ferles owned the property not more than three years, selling it in 1250 to Sir Walter le Chamberlayne, Knt. The living was made the subject of a special agreement. Sir Robert Avenel's aunt, and guardian, had stipulated, we perceive, for the next presentation being kept for him. John de Ferles, in his deed of transfer of the manor and advowson to Sir Walter, not only did this ; he reserved to him, likewise, the per- petual right of presenting alternately to the rectory of Land- beach, which right his descendants enjoyed, and exercised, until it was made over by purchase to the college. Some dispute concerning the living arose, 2 Edw. II. [1308], between Henry le Chamberlayne, and William Avenel, the grandson of Sir Robert. This dispute seems to have sprung out of the fact, that Helen de Beche, and her son, John le Bere, had both granted to Sir Walter le Chamberlayne, 40 Hen. III. [1255], the share of the advowson belonging to the said Sir Robert, to present after the death of Richard of London ; but only for that turn, we may presume. Sir John Avenel, Knt., delivered over to William de Horwodeof Cambridge, 29 Edw. III. [1355], as trustee for the college, his alternacy in the rectory of Land- beach, the college covenanting to pay him, and his heirs, annu- ally c shillings. John Hardy \ stationer of the university, was appointed Sir John's agent in the business. Four years later Sir Thomas le Chamberlayne, Knt., granted to Thomas de ^ He was in 1349 elected curator of the estates of the gild of Corpus Christi. A stationer in early days was one, who had a stalls and dealt in manuscript books, together with their raw materials. 49 Eltisle, parson of the church of S. Michael de Long Stan- ton, his half also of the advowson, together with a garden and house, &c. opposite the churchyard, and abutting upon the highway, but without mentioning any sum of money, as the price paid for them. After another four years John, son and heir of Sir John Avenel, gave a release of his right in the living to Thomas de Eltisle, master. Nevertheless, the legal owner- ship of the advowson does not appear, even in 1363, to have been quite settled, in consequence of a series of complicated transactions respecting it, and the manor, in which many per- sons were concerned. Hence, 1 Rich. II. [1378], they were both granted by Richard Pulham, fellow, and William Beketon, afterwards fellow, with John Gubon or Gebon senior, to Sir Robert de Swelyngton, Knt., John Kynne, master, and others, who joined in presenting, 4th March, 1379 80, Sir Adam de Leverington, fellow. Moreover, 14 Rich. II. [1391], a bond was given to Sir Piers Courtncys, Knt\ (and INIargaret his wife) by the master and scholars for fifty marks sterling in con- nexion with the advowson, on which he pretended to have a claim, ' they being poor, and he very rich."' When the college bought the advowson, or, at least, the alternate right of presentation to the living, which belonged to the Avenel family, it was clearly their first intention to appropriate the great tithes thereof to their own use, and to establish a vicarage, so soon as they should have become possessors of the other alternate right of presentation, that in the hands of the Le Chamberlaynes, as they then meant to be, and after no long time actually were. Why this plan was not completed, we know not. That it was seriously entertained, and also begun to be carried into execution, is proved by two documents, of which one says, 1 A Sir Peter Courtney was a Knight of the Garter, but he is stated to have died unmarried. The name of his squire, John Ilobcldod, connects him, however, with Cambridgeshire. Beltz's Memorials of the Order of the Garter, pp. 828, &c. E 50 that the college were to receive the whole profits, except the portion assigned to the vicar ; whilst in the other, dated on Monday after the feast of S. Benedict, 29 Edw. III. [1355], occurs the following passage: — Although it had been agreed, that the college should pay hira [Sir John Avenel], and his heirs, annually c** [for his alternacy in the advowson], yet he discharges them from this payment, on condition, that, after the ai)propri- ation, they should distribute to fifty poor people of the parishes appropriated, and annexed to the college, [of whidh Landbeach was, of course, to be one,] j*^ a piece on his birth day, for his health whilst alive, and on his anniversary after his deaths Anciently the rectory was set, sometimes at ten marks, some- times at ten pounds, a year. In 1254 the former was taken to be the value, (and, probably, in 1275,) in 12.91 the latter^, whilst in the old archdeacon"'s book under 1306, occurs the phrase taxatur ad x marcas^. The first of these three taxations was made by Walter, bishop of Norwich, in consequence of the first- fruits and tenths having been granted by Pope Innocent IV. to Hen. III. in the previous year: the second, by JNIagister Ileymun- dus de Nogeriis, et Frater Johannes de Erlyngton, ordinis pre- dicatorum, pro decima, quam D. Papa Gregorius X. petebat ab universali ecclesia ad sex annos in subsidium terre sancte ; and the third, by John, bishop of Winton, and Oliver, bishop of Lincoln, because Pope Nicolas IV. had, in 1288, assigned over to Edw. I. the tenths for six years, to defray the expences of an expedition to the Holy Land. They were all deemed op- pressive by the clergy, whose feelings respecting such a con- tinued system of taxation have been recorded in the Ledger Book of Barnwell Abbey ^ by means of this rhetorical sentence : — Ad ecclesie sancte depressionem tres successive facte sunt taxa- tiones : prima tolcrabilis, secunda gravis, tertia gravissima : prima pungit, secunda vulnerat, tertia usque ad ossa excoriat. 1 Cole's MSS. Vol. viii. p. 189. ^ Ta.mt. Ecdesimt. p. 2G(;. ^ See p. 74. ^ Baker's MSS. Vol. ix. p. 00. 51 The Taxatio Ecclesiastica of 1291 mentions an annual pay- ment, in addition to that due to the prior of Barnwell, made out of the church property at Landbeach : — Porcio Prioris de Ber- mondeseie x^ in eadem [ecclesia]. The two contracted words placed in the margin against this entry — Rector'' percip' (Rectori percipi- enda?) — are not easy to be understood, though they must have some relation to the rector of the parish. At Bermondsey was a church dedicated to our Saviour in 1082, by Aylwin Child, citizen of London, to which, seven years afterwards, was added a convent of Cluniac monks. The payment to the prior arose out of the circum- stance, that ' the tithes of the domain of Hugo de Bray, parcel of the rectory of Lamhith [a manifest error for Landbeche] belonged to this priory.' For we read : — 1229, 14 Hen. III., Facta est con- ventio inter Priorem de Bcrmondesey, et rectorem de Lamhith, de decimis de Lamhith de dominico Hugonis de Bray dimissis dicto rectori, et successoribus, pro perpetuo pro x** reddendis ad Bermondcsey^ The rector referred to could only have been William de London. We are ignorant, in what year the tithes, which were so let, became the property of the said prior ; but, apparently, they had only just been made over to him. The same document of 1291 contains- another notice: — Bona Prioris de Bernewell in Landbcch iiij". ij\ vj'^ It was considered to be the value of a certain quantity of land, of which, as prior, he was at that time owner. The matter is thus noticed in the Hundred RoUs^ under the date 7 Edvv. I. [1279] : — Et dicimus quod Prior de Bernewell tenet et defendit de eodem feodo [Walter le Chaumberlein's] xxx acras terrc cum prato in purara et perpetuam eleemosynam de feoffaraento Reginaldi Chenee*. ^ See p. 2.3 ; Manning and Bray's Hist, of Surrey, Vol. i. pp. 187, 190 ; Dugdale's Monast. Angl. Vol. v. p. 90. - P. 2G8. 3 Tom. II. p. 45G. ■* The family of Cheynee held a manor in Steeple Mordeu before the reign of Edw. I. Lysons' Camhridgeshire, ji. 230. A further account of this land (l)ut slightly varying in quantity) will be found on pp. .54, 59. E 2 52 In the reign of Hen. VIII., when all the livings in Eng- land were valued by temporal authority, to ascertain for the king the amount of the first-fruits and tenths, (which had recently been given him by parliament,) the rectory of Landbeach was put at £10. Is. Sd., the gross annual proceeds from it being £18. 14s. 8J., according to the statement handed in to the commissioners by AV^illiam Sowode, the rector. Thomas Cosyn, 12 Hen. VII. [1497], leased his rectory for three years to Edward Kelingworth, chaplain, and John Burne of Landbeach, yeoman, at the annual rent of twenty marks. Again, 4 Hen. VIII. [L'>12], he leased to John Wysett, cleik, his Chirche and Parsonage with all manner of Tythcs, Oblations, &c., as well as Stock, &c., and Implements belonging to the Household, (except certain Chambers over y Parlor and Botry for y' use of himself, or his assigns.) for a similar term and rent, as before, with y*" maintenance of two horses, meat and drink for himself and his servants, during three days at each of the three great Festivals, the going of six capons at the barn door, the ser- vice of the Cure, with all charges whatsoever, except repairs. Matthew Parker's lease, dated 1 Mary, [1553], was for ten years at a rent of xx'' to John Gotobed, yeoman, of Landbeach. It reserved one high chamber next adjoining unto the Great Chamber on the east side, or one Parlor, for the convenient abiding of y" said Matthew, and his successors, or resort thither; and also one other chamber for the Curate to lodjre in : the said John was to repair and maintain all the walls and fences horn high: the said Matthew was to repair and maintain all the edifices in stuff and workmanship, to discharge all payments to the queen, bishop, and archdeacon, and to serve the Cure by himself, or some other. This lease was confirmed both by the bishop, and by the dean and chapter, of Kly, Matthew Parker being still possessed of his prebendal stall in that cathedral, which he retained until the following April. The information now to he given respecting the temporalities 53 of the living was collected by Henry Clifford, and naturally comes in here. Here follow certen notes, which I did gytt at y® CoUedge of the ]\r, and 31'' John Parker \ as conserning my parsonage, and the Prior of Barnewell his Landes. Imprimis, a valuation of the Benefice there, written w*'' M'' Sowd his hand", and so testifyed by the subscription of my L. of Canterbury his owne hande, which presentment was made to the Commissioners cessing all the Benefices in the sheere, as followeth. Thes be y*" proffettes of Landes and tithes apperteyning to y'' parsonage of Landbeche, in y'' dencry of Chesterton, in the dioces of Elye. Willus [Sowd] parson. First, I haue an howse to dwell in, it hathe, and shall haue, thow I be owner therof xx yeres more than have bene, coste me ycrly for the supportation therof iiij" ycrly. Also, I haue xx acres of eryabull Londe, I exteme the ferme therof yerly at x^ Also, my tythe corne T exteme it at vj". xiij'. iiij '. ther is not past xlj or xlij acres erabul in the parishe at the moste^ We have also a fen called the frithe fen, therin is abowght Ixx acres, and I am assigned iij acres for the hoole tithe of y"" same fen, which too [iij] acres I exteme yerly at vj". viij'. The other' haye in all y" towene is verye small, I exteme it at \f. viij'. Also, my tithe woole and Lams have bene worth v", in sume yere scars iiij'', and sume yere scars xl", wherfor by cause yt is casuall I exteme it yerly at iij". vj'. viij '. ^ Archbishop Parker's eldest son, born in lo48 at Cambridge. See Masters, pp. 93, 101. ■^ This document must have been drawn up in 1534. The commissioners were appointed 26 Hen. VIII. ■' Some mistake exists in this passage. In 1549 the acres of arable land in the parish numbered 1045, and were thus distributed : — Collegium 406, Armiger 429, Rectoria G'>, and Liberi Tcncntes 145. ^ The land in Frith fen was pasture. 54 My tithe milk I exteme it at xx'. Calucs sume yere j, and none sumc yere, on sume yere ij, but neuer I had past iij, wherfor for that they be not certen I exteme it at iij'. iiij '. It is a costume at Esterne [Easter] euery hows to pay for ther hous j', for willows j', for euery plowe j', to the pascall', and euery howse y' haue no plowe obolum^. All this money, with all the tithes and offerings at that tyme, hath bene worth sume yere xxj% it was neuer worth xxij", and yere last past it wanted iiij^ of xx% wherfore I exteme it at xx^ It is a use or costume in y' towne euery house keper to offer on y*" offering daycs^ and ther children, but farthinges, seruantes offer obolum, y'' devocions be but small, I exteme all y'' offerings in y'^ yere bothe of devocyons and devvtye, except Ester day, at viij^ Summa xij''. xiij". viij '.' Here follow certen notes of the prior of Barnwell his landes. First, I founde by much and diligent serche in a Rentall of the College made tempore regis Henrici sexti anno xxxvij^ et anno Domini 1459— croftam prioris modo in tenura ;M" Adam [Gierke] rectoris. Tenementum prioris de Barnewell iuxta Emmes solvit Collegio iiij', sed nihil nunc per excambium. Item, a memorandum written in an auncient ragged hande contyning this that follow, viz. — Memorandum that the prior of Barnewell hathe claymed ^ The paschal-candle, the chief taper in the church, was lighted up on Easter eve in honour of ('hrist's victory over the powers of darkness. It was always of an unusual size, reaching nearly to the roof of the huilding. Antiquarian Coninianications, Vol. i. p. 2()!). In the Saruni Missal is an especial Form for the hlessing of this candle. Jewel's Works, Vol. I. p. 408, Park. Soc. - A halfpenny. ^ See Cosin's Works, Vol. v. p. 323, edit. 1855; Clay's Liturgical Services of Queen E/izabeth, p. 185, note 8. ^ There is an error of one pound one shilling : the shilling from a wrong calculation, the pound from taking no notice of the tithe-milk, which item is missing in some copies of the document. 55 by a copye as he sayth of an old indenture made in King Edwardes the thirdes dayes xxxiiij acres and dimid. of Lande arable in the feeldes of Landbech', of the w<='> as he sayth v acres and dimid. lyeth in Scachebowe feld ; vj acres and iij roodes in Dunstall feeld ; ix acres and j roode in Milfeld ; vij acres in the Medow fcld ; iiij acres in Banworth, and ij acres in le croftes. \^ideatur' si tales terre habeantur in possessione rectorie de Landbeche. A note of the prior's owen hande : memorandum that I Johannes [de Levcryngton], prior de Barnewell, recepi v'f die mensis marcii, per manus Roberti 8mitlie servientis domini Johan- nis Swayne de Landebech, pro termino Sancti Luce evangeliste ultimo preterito ante datum presentis xxvj^ viij', anno regni regis Henrici septimi viij", [1493]. The tcrrye of all the lands Arable, Pastore, Meadow, and Leis, belonginge to the Parsonage of Landbeach, as Mr. Henry Clifford Parson theare haue vscd them, and was possessed of them, at and from his First entraunce, beinge the xxvij of Febr. 1569 [1570] vntill this xix day of December in the yeare 1614. Imprimis, A Parsonage howse, and other ediffices, betweene the Church Yard on the one side, and Copt^ Hall yarde on the other, the West head abuttinge vpon the highe waye, the East vpon the Common. Item, a Close conteininge ij acres betweene the tenement of Henrye Leach north, and widow Garrett south, the east head abutting on the common streete. 1 The inclosure-award mentions a close called prior's close, situated to- ward the end of the village on the Milton side, and so designated, no doubt, from the prior of Barnwell. - This is Henry Clifford's remark. See p. 59. ^ The Anglo-Saxon word cop signifies the top of any thing. This house was styled copt, either because it was situated upon ground slightly raised above the level of what was formerly the common towards the east (Morant's Hii>t. of Essex, Vol. i. p. 47) ; or rather, perhaps, because its roof was high and peaked. 56 Item, iij acres meadow in Fryth Fenne, of Fenne measure^ the lands of the manno® of Brays on the \yest, and the Fenn lands now Kobert Stories on the east. Item, in Banworth feild x acres one roode arable : Meadow feilde six acres di. : ISlylle feilde xviij acres : Scachbowe feilde X acr. j rood: Dunstall feilde xv acr. di. roode'-. Summa of all the arable is Ix acres di. roode. Acknowledged and subscrybed the daye and yeare above wrytten Per me Ilenricum Clifford rectorem. John Pagette, John Flavell, William Baltroppe, AVilliam Foote, Samvell Jackson, Kichard llomonte. Theise above wrytten are the names of snch, as, dwelling in Landbeach of a longe tyme, did plowe sowe mowe reape and earrye the cropp belonging to the saide parsonage. And so I wittnes by subscrybinge my name. Per me Toby Clifford ' scrip- torem. This also was subscribed by the Churchwardens for the tyme beinge the xiiij day of June Anno Domini 1615. By me Thomas I'oote : by mo John Clifford ; the Churchwardens. William Jollye + his mark. Priveledges, duties*, and customes Belonging to the Parsonage of Landbeache. Imprimis, the parson is to haue the Cowrse of ix score sheepe in the Colledge Plocke'', payeing to the shepherd the rate of ij'' for euery sheepe, which is per annum xxx^ Item, Feeding in the comons for milch Beastes oxen and weanlinges, payeng ordinary wages, and keeping a Bull. Item, Common for all other thinges, as horses geese hogges &;c. as the other Inhabitantes, keping a comon Boore. 1 See p. 45. ^ The terrier of 1549 gives these quantities somewhat differently, and makes them altogether amount to 68 a. 1 r. 20 p. ^ He liad Ijeen churchwarden in 1000. * Dues, fees, as hefore. The word ' duty ' still occurs in this sense in a luhric of our jNIavriagc-Service. ® See p. 28. 57 Item, to haue of all Coppie houlders at iiij offering dayes in the yeare obolum the peeee, and of seruantes also obolum the peece. Item, Freehoulders to paye at iij offeringe dayes three qua[rters of a penny] a peece, and at Ester obolum, ther seruantes obolum euery offering daye. Item, for gardeines the tenth leeke, besides honye and waxe. Item, for wyne j*^ 1 Item, for willowes^ j^ > at Ester for euery house. Item, for chickens j*^ J Item, Gosselinges the tenth, and pigges the tenth, and tnrkies the tenth. Item, thear is a eustome, that against Ester they paye for every henne not settyng, or hauing chickens, ij eggs, and iij for a cocke, and likewise for duckcs and drake. Item, the Calfe, yf yt be sould, the tenth j*^, and yf yt be eaten all in the howse, or weyned, obolum ; and yf the parishners haue vij calves, or vij lammes, to haue a calfe or a lamnie, but then the Parson must geuc for the iij odd calues or lammes j'^ obolum^. Item, yf the parishners haue but vj, then the Parson to haue iij*^ and so answered, except he selleth anye of them, then to haue the tenth y\ if they be souled w"'in the yeare. 1 Henry Clifford was veiy particular in noting clown in one of the field- books, under the date 1507 Novcnibris 14, the exact number of willows he had observed, as he was riding out with Dowse, planted on certain banks. AVillows are peculiarly a production of the fens, and not being reckoned among gross woods, or such as were usually employed in builduig, were tith- ablc. Degge's Ptnson's Counsellor, p. 318. edit. 1820. - The following extract from Archbishop Winchclsey's provincial canon of 1305 will explain any obscurity in the above regulation : — Si scptem sint agni in numero, septimus agnus detur pro decima rcctori ; ita tamen quod rector ecclesiae, qui septimum agnum recipit, tres obolos in rccompensationem solvat parochiano, a quo decimam recipit : qui octavum recipit, det dena- rium : qui vero nonum, det obolum parochiano, vel expectct rector usque ad alium annum, donee plcnaric dccimum agnum possit recipere, si malucrit. Ibid. p. 330. 58 Item, the tyth of Calues to be due at y^' month age, and not before. Item, the lamme to be due at the tyme accordinge to the custome, which is at shearynge^ Item, to paye for the Foale at Ester j*^, though it goeth but thryse about the damme, and no more though it proveth. Item, mortuaries as thear abihty is according to statute-. Item, tyth pig, woole, fruite, wood, heye, corne, hemp, flaxe, accordinge to the law the tenth. Item, tyth niilke to haue the tenth daye boath morning and evening, and the parson to send for yt. And now of late by Mr. Sowde agreed to haue at Ester iij'' the Cowe^, and ij^ obolura the heifar, in recompence^. Item, thear is a Fen called Fryth fenne, tharin is about Ixx acres, and the parson is assigned theare a peece of iij acres for the whole tyth of the same fenne. Item, for Churchinges v''. Item, for manages xij''. To the kinges majestie yerly a pention of x^. To the Lord Bishop of Elie yerly the tenthes xx* j^ ob. qu [f]. To the Archdeacon at Visitation his fee iij^ iiij^* Acqt. iiij**. Per me Ilenricum Clifford rectorera, et anno residentiae mese 46. In a later hand * EIseAvhcre we have — the laml« are not tythable till share day, i. e. Midsummer. - 21 Hen. VIII. [1529]. Ibid. pp. 424, &c. Mr Masters several times records his having received 10*. for a mortuary, the highest sum allowed by the statute. ^ As regards a later period it is said ; — For a Cowe w"* a Calf is 4** at Easter, and for a Cow w^'out one is S"*. * Mr iNIasters here observes : — -This agreement for cows might at any time he set aside, as there appears to have been none for calves. ■' This sum is made up of the synodals, and procurations, of ancient times. See p. 74. £. s. ^1. 2 6 4 2 10 59 To tlie Lord Bishop of Ely at His triennial \ Visitation J Acq* The annual payment of forty shillings to the king needs a few explanatory remarks. It has been already pointed out, that the prior of Barnwell once claimed thirty four acres and a half of land lying in the different fields of Landbeach : also, that Reginald Chenee had been the donor of the land, at least as early as 1279. On the surrender of the priory of Barnwell into the hands of Hen. VIII in 1538, this estate amongst other church property necessarily fell to hira. In a short time, how- ever, it was granted to the rector of the parish, in consideration of xl' being paid to the sovereign every feast of S. Michael, as may be seen in a Roll belonging to the Augmentation Office, now deposited in the Public Record Office, Fetter Lane. Mr. Masters discharged that incumbrance on his living, with eight pence as acquittance, for the last time, lOtli October, 1787. For the com- missioners of the land-revenue gave notice to all, whom it con- cerned, that by 26 Geor. III. cap. 87 [1786] they were empowered to sell such fee-farm rents, and other rents payable to the Crown out of freehold estates ; and that the owners of the estates, out of which the rents were payable, would have the preference of purchase up to 1st January, 1788. Accordingly he laid the matter before the college, and received in return a letter dated -itli December, 1787, from which this is an extract: — They have agreed to purchase the Crown Rent issuing out of your Rectory. They have only to desire of you to make the purchase, and the Bursar will pay the money, when the purchase is com- pleted. As they consider you a benefactor to the Rectory, they mean that you should have the immediate benefit of the pur- chase. GO In 1652 Dr Eawley leased to Thomas Sparrow the younger, of Landbeach, his rectory and parsonage with every thing belong- ing thereto, as lands, sheep-gates, tithes, fruites, profittes, obla- cions, obvencions, &c. except the residence house, the common in the fens, and other places commonable, certain barns, stables, &;c., the pigeon-house of the parsonage with its tithe pigeons, the parsonage close with its tithe hay, the churchyard, the chancel of the church, the fees arising from marriages and churchings, and all the wood, whether trees or loppings, during the term of three years, for one hundred and threescore pounds per annum, he, the said Thomas, engaging also to furnish six good and sufficient cart loads of rve, or other orood and durable thatchinge straw, and pay thirteene shillings and foiu* pence towards the reparacion of the barns, &c. John Cory in 1692 gave a lease of the church property including all oblacions and offerings to John Taylor, and Robert Taylor the elder, yeomen, of Landbeach for three years at the rent of £131, nothing being excepted but the tithe of the close commonly called Parsonage Close, and all mortuaries, mar- riages, and churchings. John Micklcbourgh leased in February 1727-8 to Rivers Taylor all his arable glebe land for three years at £21. 8s. per annum, and the tithes by another lease for £138. 12^. house, gardens, camping ^ and parsonage closes, being excepted. John Micklebourgh's estimate of the value of the rectory : — 63 acres of glebe at 8s. per acre Pasture 40 acres at 25. per acre . Arable land 996 acres at 2s. 2d. per acre 1800 sheep drop 900 lambs at 4^. . Milch Bullocks-^ 400 at 6cl. each 1 Here the old game of football was accustomed to bo played. The close had its name from the Anglo-Saxon word campian to strive or contend. About 1720 we meet with the remark : — two shillings and sixpence payable by custom on Shrove Tuesday for the Football men. The rector paid it. ^ In another estimate, we have :— 400 Bullocks Milch and drie [on the £ s. d. . 25 4 4 . 107 18 . 15 . 10 £ n. d. 1 16 7 10 1 13 4 20 10 9 212 1 42 61 Dove Houses^ 6 at 6s. each Wool at Is. 8c/. per score, 90 score Geese and Goslings 50 at Sd. each . Commonage for 20 Cows .... Piggs, Eggs, Apples, and Oblations . Liberty of 180 Sheep keeping at l^'. each The parish having been enclosed between the years 1807 and 1813, the proceeds of the living now arise from an allotment of land. This allotment amounts to 438 a. 1 r. 2 p. The o-ross annual income is put by the present rector at £800. The fees for marriages, churchiiigs, and burials, the last being an inno- vation, produce an extremely small sum. Landbeach stands in the deanery of Chesterton, and Hundred of North Stow\ Under the head of first-fruits the rector pays to the bishop of Ely £10. U\ Sd.: the other payments are such as have been mentioned before. The church of Landbeach consists of a square tower at the common]. The word Bullocks is here used for cows. Wo find the phrase : —my blackc bullockc y' is with calfe, in a will of 1559. Tymms' Bun/ Wills, p. 249. ^ An item elsewhere given is :— Dove House of the Parsonage £S. Mr Masters records having sold 93 bushels of pigeons' dung in one year for £2. Gs. Cxi. The upper part of the church tower at Milton is still regu- larly fitted up internally as a pigeon- house. Such a beneficial appropriation of it, however, is solely connected with the time, happily past by, when the rectory was a sinecure, the rector consequently non-resident, and the great tithes let out to farm. - AVhen the bishop of Ely (Sir Thomas Gooch, Bart.) applied in 175.3 for a dispensation to allow John Micklebourgh to hold the vicarage of Imping- ton with the rectoiy of Landbeach, his lordship stated the former to be worth £50, and the latter 1180, a year. ^ See Antiquarvin Communications, Vol. i. p. 280, where is an engrav- ing of a seal belonging to this Hundred recently brought to light for labourers' and servants' passes agreeably to 12 Rich. II, [1388]. G2 west end with a stone spire, a nave, nortli and south aisles, a chancel, and south porch. Late in Mr Masters' time a tiled chapel existed, but in a dilapidated condition, to the north of the chancel, and standing level with it towards the east : this he afterwards pulled down\ The nave, aisles, and porch, are covered with lead : the chancel is tiled. It is dedicated to All Saints, and is in an excellent state of repair both internally and externally. The present structure occupies, as must generally be the case, the same site, which the Norman", and the Saxon church, if there was one, formerly occu})ied. As first erected, it was the work, we may well conceive, of Sir Thomas le Chamberlayne, and about the year 1350. The tower with its spire, and the chancel, belong- to the late Decorated style, being the only ])arts of his church yet remaining. A late Perpendicular nave, which dates from the end of the fifteenth century, has been substituted for the Decorated one. The porch with its windows at the sides is to be referred, perhaps, to the same period: on it is the date 1813, indicating that some reparation was then done to it, and to other portions of the church. The tower has the original handsome west window of two lights, quite perfect. Each face of it has also at the top, just under the battlements, a coat of arms on a stone shield. That to the west is semee of fleur-de-lis debruised with three barrulets : that to the north has the emblems of the crucifixion: that to the east a plain cross ; and that to the south two keys in saltirel In 1764 the steeple, being much decayed, was repaired, and the ' Cole has a pen-and-ink sketch of the church, as it was in 174;'). It shows the east end of this chapel, with its window, and comer buttress. MSS. Vol. VIII. p. 4.'3. 2 See pp. 07, 71. 72, 74. ^ Cole gives all these coats of arms. The shield on the west face of the tower displays, probably, one of the coats borne by the Lc Chamberlayne family, or the Ue Brays ; not, as Cole suggested, that of "Warine lord IMun- chensi, who died in 12,5.5, a century too early, and had a different coat. 63 spire pointed, by a man named Thomas Sumpter. The tower contains four bells, all old, and one very ancient, indeed, coeval with the Decorated church. Two have on them John Draper'^ MADE ME, 1619: these are both cracked. Another has Fauet JovA POPULO suo : Stephanus Tonni- de Buri Sancti Edmoxdi me fecit, 1577. The fourth has ©bn'stUS ^t3cr= pctUC i3ct Xobl's (^autJia UitC, each word being separated by some ornamental device in the place of stops, of which two are medallions exactly similar to the reverse of our silver coinage in the fourteenth century. This bell is supposed to have been cast about 1350, though it is without a date, as generally happens with medieval bells. On the caput or haunch of it is the founder's stamp, a small raised shield bearing the legend 3Itt tiomino COnfliJO UCO, the beginning of the tenth psalm (Vulg. Ver,), with the figure of a bclP; whilst below are the letters UjLX and Jp, the initials of the founder's name — VV. Ffoundor— another portion of the name beinor on that figure itself. The east face of the tower inside the church bears the royal arms. They were fixed there, IGth December, 1826, having been brought from the old hall of the college, the gift of the master and fellows. Dr Gunning, afterwards bishop of Ely, had put them up over the hall-table, at an expence of <£20, in 1 660, the year in which he was made master. The royal arms previously in Landbeach church, and in 1745 hano-inor over the chancel screen, are in Milton church. The nave has four arches, but the capitals of the pillars on the north side are uniformly different from the capitals of the 1 John Draper lived at Thctford in Norfolk. See Lukis' Account of Church Bells, p. G4, where is a singular inscription from a bell cast by this same founder for the church of S. Benedict, Cambridge. ^ A son most likely of John Tonne, whose bells are found in Essex, and Hertfordshire, as well as in Sussex, the county whence he came to Bury. •' The Ffoundor family have 'scattered their bells broadcast over Eng- land,' their usual mark being a medallion with two birds sitting on a tree, and the name round the margin. Ibid. Plate xi. 64 • pillars on the south side. It has also a very fine roof with tie- beams, and large angels projecting from the centre of each bay. In the gable, immediately over the chancel arch, was a window, now blocked up. A window so situated was peculiar to Perpen- dicular buildings, and may have been designed to throw light into the rood-loft. The seats are chiefly the original open seats of the fifteenth century, without popi>y-heads. Mr Masters has left the following circumstance on record': — As some workmen were employed in refitting a seat in the church in the year 175G, they found it necessary to remove an excrescence from the pillar next the chancel on the N. side. This was of stone in the form of a rose, four feet above the pavement, and projecting three inches from the surface of the pillar, (being eight inches wide and five high,) which easily parted from it upon the stroke of the tool, it being inserted into the pillar scarce an inch deej). This had been cemented on the back side to another stone of only an inch thickness, whose dimensions were 4^ inches by 3}, which exactly filled up a cavity in the pillar. In the cavity were found two wooden dishes nicely covered, and cemented to- gether, with some linen cloth, the remains of which were still visible ; and in them, as the skilful in anatomy positively assert, the muscular part of a human heart, which, after having been properly prepared by the embalmers, as was evident from some parts remaining of their preparations, had likewise been carefully wrapped u}) in linen, the threds whereof were yet distinctly to be seen. The dishes had been afterwards filled up with what had indeed the appearance of either hair or wool, but, upon a nicer examination being found to have many fibres, must rather have been some vegetable substance ; and, perhaps, making some allowance for the alterations made therein throuoh length of time, might have been sjAkcncuxl, much used on such occasions. There was neither inscription, nor any sort of marks, whereby its age ^ It is noticed by Cough in his Sepulchral Monumcntft, Vol. i. p. Ixxix. 65 might be with any certainty discovered. It was, however, most probably, deposited there before the Reformation, and may either have been some relicJc, heretofore much reverenced, or may have belonged to the founder of the fabric, or to some one of the knightly family of Ghamherlayne^ who resided here, and gave name to a manor. Or it min;ht belong to some one of the name of Bray, after whom another manor in the parish is called, it being no uncommon thin": in that aije to bring over such remains of o o o a deceased friend of any eminence dying abroad, either in the Holy Wars, or in those of France, and to deposit them amongst those of their ancestors. The above was exhibited both to the Royal and Antiquarian Societies, and, being deemed a great curiosity by many of their members, was at their special request deposited in the British Museuui. The roof of the north aisle is good with its oaken flowers for bosses, and its small angels. Inserted in the outer wall of that aisle, near the door, is a very fine Decorated canopied monu- ment with crockets, and double feathered cusps. Tradition ascribes it to some member of the Chamberlayne family, whose arras can be traced in the adjoining window, argent, 2 hencUets dansette, sable. Which of them bore such a coat is readily de- termined. For of the two seals attached to Henry le Chaumber- leyn's will, as noticed and described by Mr Masters, (though he would seem to be slightly wrong in his statement of the matter, as was also Gough who followed him,) one, according to him, has, argent, a lend, sable, cotized, dansette ; and on a label round it — sigillum Thome Chaumbirleyn. Gough fancied the monument to mark the burying place of Walter, the grandson of Sir Walter^ ; but he died somewhat too early for the style of architecture. Supposing the placing of those arms in the tracery of the window (and it was easy to remove them from the Decorated to the Perpendicular window, when the body of the church was rebuilt,) to have had any connexion with the neighbouring monu- ' Thid. Vol. I. pp. Ixxxviii. 219. F 6G ment, which is not at all unlikely, that monument must rather have belonged to Sir Thomas, and in his character of founder. The monument was preserved at the same time, as the arms : it is now in a great measure blocked up, in order to interfere as little as possible with the occupiers of the pew, of which it forms a part. This pew used to be filled with the copy-holders of the manor of Chamberlayne, the seat set apart for the lord of the manor being immediately to the east of it. The west end of the north aisle serves for the vestry : it con- tains a very large oaken chest clamped with iron, and, perhaps, coeval with the Decorated church. At the east end of the same aisle formerly stood the chapel before alluded to. This chapel, to the north of the chancel, (on which side there neither are, nor ever have been, any windows,) was originally entered from the west. On its appropriation as a vestry for the rcctor\ such door- way may have been stopt up, and another formed ; assuredly, a door-way leading from it into the chancel can be traced immediately under the tablet to the memory of Henry Clifford. The chapel was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, inasmuch as Edward Lane, in 1530, bequeathed a pound of wax to our Lady in the chapel, and we are not aware of more than one chapel attached to the church of Landbeach. Henry le Chaumberleyn wished, indeed, in 1345, to be buried in the chapel to the south of the chancel. The words of his will are : — lego corpus meuni ad sepeliendum in capella ex parte australi cancelli parochialis ecclesie de Landbcche. If the chapel intended pertained to the chancel now in being, australi was put by a clerical error instead of boreali ; and this has been confidently said. For no chapel ever ^ From the clim'chwardens' accounts it is quite clear, that meetings for parish business were very commonly held at a public house. It is worth recording what we read in the overseers' book for the parish of Tempsford. There Ann St John, lady of the manor, was constantly present at such meet- ings from 1G74 to 1G94, and signed the minutes with occasionally other females, as having, in the absence of the rector, occupied the chair. 67 could have been joined on to the south wall of this t?hancel, where was the customary priest's door with a window on each side occupy- ing the whole space, as at present. But we need not have recourse at all to the supposition of a mistake in the wording of the will. Why should not the will refer to a chapel in connexion with that church, which preceded the Decorated church j Moreover, the very mentioning of a chapel, where no chapel could, or did, stand, unless we adopt such a notion, seems to prove, that the Decorated church was not begun to be built, even if it had been thought about, during the lifetime of Henry le Chaumbcrleyn ; and conse- quently justifies us in affirming, that he at least had nothing to do with the erection of it. On the other hand, from the occurrence of the arms of Bishop de L'Isle, (who sat from 1345 to 1861,) both in the church, and in the cellar of the rectory house, we can fix upon no one more likely to have built the Decorated church than Henry's son. Sir Thomas. Bishop de L'lsle may have assisted him in so good a work : at all events he was the diocesan, whilst it was being carried on. The same remarks apply, though in a less degree, to Bishop Arundel. The hole through the wall, exactly opposite the pulpit, is of very modern origin : its purpose is easily perceived. The south aisle has its west end given up to the use of the sexton. At the east end was a side chapel. We find here on a stone shield, which a mutilated angel is holding upon his breast, and which may have once formed the bracket for an image, the arms of the see of Ely. The chancel, though belonging to the Decorated period, is poor in its style of architecture, small, and rather low ; and yet its sidewalls were raised a little by the present rector, who also put on an entirely new roof. The East window, which was re- paired, (in a very ordinary manner,) and glazed, by Mr Masters soon after his induction to the living, contains some good painted glass of French manufacture transferred thither by him from the parlour window of the rectory house. Adam da Deo F 2 68 gloriam occurred as a legend' on this glass; but which rector of that name it commemorated, whether Adam de Leverington, or Adam Gierke, can only be determined from the character of the glass itself, which would incline us to the latter. In the same window Mr Masters likewise put two heads, 'being thought by them, whose judgment may be relied on, worthy of preservation."* They are, he conceived, the heads of John Beaufort, and Mar- garet his wife, first duke and duchess of Somerset, parents of Margaret, countess of Richmond", so great a benefactress to the university of Cambridge ; and they came from an oratory erected to the memory of her, her family, and friends. Some heads of her friends, or relatives, have been added. The painted glass, being a compound of independent pieces, cannot of necessity present any regular subject. In the upper tracery of this window are three coats of arms. One of them is too indistinct to be made out : another has quarterly 1 . 4. argent, 3 bai-s, gules ; 2. 3. paly of six, or, and gules, impaling France and England per fess": the third, (which has been reversed by the glazier,) argent, on a bend engrailed, sable, 8 fishes, argent, impaling, or, three lions rampant, sable. Below is a picture of the Adoration of the Shepherds on wood, ' said to be by a good hand, and very valuable,' the gift, in 1787, of Mr Masters, who in the same year added the altar rails. On each side of the chancel, within the altar rails, is an oaken bench with misereres, which are fastened up, in order the better to show the carved mitres, &c., wherewith the lower parts of them are ornamented. In both the rector''s pews 'under the serene,' (which existed in 1745, but was subsequently removed by Mr blasters,) are likewise two oaken seats, or stalls, with misereres, the bottoms whereof were once covered with carved shields. Two of these misereres were, in 1745, decorated with the arms of Bishops de L'Isle, and Arundel, the shields having then ' It is no longer to be discovered. * Cooper's Memorhtls of Camhridye, Vol. ii. pp. 9, 15. ^ It has been suggested, that tliesc were the arms of the Dc Beche family. 69 been removed from the two others : now they have all been re- moved. The arms of the former are, or, a fess between two chevrons, sable, with a star for difference, within a bordure, sable : those of the latter, quarterly 1 . 4. gules, a lion rampant, or, armed and langued, azure ; 2. 3. cheeky, or, and azure : all within a bordure engrailed, argent^ The two shields just referred to, emblazoned, are placed on the east end of the chancel with those of the college, and Mr Masters, also on wood. Between the mural tablets of John Micklebourgh, and his wife, are his arms, argent, on a pile, sable, 3 lozenges, argent, in base two crosses botonoe, fichee, gules. Cole mentions sedilia under the first south window'-. These remained down to Mr Masters'* time, as he says, ' under the upper S. Window are seats of stone for the different orders of officiating Priests, one below the other.' Who took them away, we know not. On the north wall, and in the pavement, are the following epitaphs to some deceased rectors, &c. fDcnrne (Tliffortr, /llnstcr of 0vtfs, ^aicuclbcr' nntr ^Dnrson of tftis (Tljurcl): after residence of full 47 jicrcs, cntitngc \)i% Infe, ticpnrtcU in tf)c faitlj of drijitst, anti toas buritti ^o 1616. unto me gestevtias, to t^t to Kay. I^ccL 38. cBtatis suae 77. Guil. Bro. posuit. Hie jacct Guilielmus Rawley, S. T. Doctor, Vir Gratijs et Musis ex ?cquo charus. Sereniss. Regibus Car, 1 et 2'° a Sacris. D' Franc. Verulamio SaccUanus primus at([ue ultimus. Cujus Opera Summa cum fide edita ei debent Literse. Uxorem habuit Barbaram, ad latus Mariti positam, Jo. Wixtcd' Aldcrmanni nuper Cantabr. filiam. Ex ea Filium suscepit unicura Guilicl- ^ The bordure has been painted a wrong colour. - MSS. Vol. VIII. p. 4 J. ^ Henry Clifford had been duly ' allowed to be a preacher ' by his dio - cesan. Canons xxxvi, xlv. •» John AVickstead, Esq. late Alderman and Mayour of Cambridge, and Principall of Bernard's Inn, London, aged 83 yeares, was buried at Land- beach, January 5th, 1040-7. 70 mum, in Cujus cineribus Salis baud parum latet. Ecclesiam banc per annos 50 prudens administravit, tandem plaeide, ut vixit, in Domino obdormivit, Anno Domini ]MDCLXVII. Jun. 18. jEtat. 79. Tbe arms on tbis stone are arranged wrongly, Wixted impabng Eawley instead of tbe reverse. Eawley's arms are, argent, on a bend, sable, between 3 Cornisb cbougbs proper, 2 sacks in saltire, or, between 2 buckles, argent : Wixted's, cheeky. . .and. . . , a chief vaire. Hie requiescit Johannes Cory S.T.B. vir pietate insignis, et orani llterarum generc prtcclarus : assiduus Concionator, et bujiis Ecclesitc per annos 39 Rector indefessus. Adbseret lateri Uxor amantissima, pras dolore obruta ; ebeu ! quam subito sequuta est, semel simul et semper i. Hie animam plaeide Deo reddidit Sept. 17, Anno iEtat. 76. Salut. 1727: lHa Nov. 23. iEtat. 57. Quos per viginti annorum spatium, felices ter et amplius. Amor, Fides, et irrupta Connubii Copula, conjunctos simul tenuit : lios uxoris dilectissimre Hester Mors non immatura, subita tamen et inopinata. dictum factum divulsit. Egit annos Eetatis sexaginta et unum, sctatem in vita futura sempiternam et beatissimam actura; qua spe suffulta primum Kalendarum Februarii a.d. 1749 [1750] supremum vitse bene acta) diem sine gemitu, sine suspirio, exegit. Johannem Micklebourgh S.T.B, hujus ecclesiiv Rec- torem reliquit superstitem, ma^stissimum maritum, sute ipsius vitse tantum non nescium, qui juxta hoc marmor Conjugis exuvias curavit deponendas, sub eadem terra suas ipsius tandem aliquando depositurus. Pro suo ipsius jussu deponitur infra (juod reliquum est Johan- nis Micklebourgh, apud Cantabrigienses Cheminc Professoris Caput mortuum. Et (ut loqui aniant Chemici) die secundo Maii ]\I.DCC.LVI. exhausto spiritu, terra itidera damnata ad vitam beatam, quod faxit Deus, resurrcctura. In memory of Thomas Cooke ]3urroughes M.A. 23 years rector of this parish, who, by a strict and faithful discharge of ' Scmel simul et semper was tlic posy on Mrs Cory's wedding-ring. 71 the duties both of a minister, and a magistrate, Hved universally respected; and in whose private character were united the generous friend, the tender husband, and affectionate father. He died April 23, 1821, in the 65th year of his age, beloved, honoured, lamented. Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Edward Addison 22 years rector of this parish, who died May 28, 1843, aged 67 years. Also Maria Sarah Addison, his sister, who died April 8, 1843. In the chancel was found in the year 1711, and within less than a foot of the surface, under a white stone, a stone coffin without any lid to it, the white stone acting as a covering for the upper part ; and also a pewter chalice, the bowl and foot very thin, but the shaft thick and heavy, which Mr Coiy, the rector, conceived to be a relic brought by the party interred from some pilgrimaged The pewter chalice rather showed the stone coffin to have held the body of one of his predecessors. It was customary for such coffins to be deposited just beneath the pavement, a rough stone slab being placed over them level with the pavement, or a coped lid sculptured with crosses of vai'ious fashions, and with other ornaments. The basin of the font is octagonal, small, (juite modern, and devoid of interest. The bottom part, on the contrary, which is equally octagonal, formed a portion of a much earlier font, one which may have occupied previously the same position; and which, if, as it seems to be, of Early English architecture, belonged to a church more ancient than that built by Sir Thomas le Chamberlayne. About the body, and chancel of the church, are the ma- trices of five brasses, one of them with figures ; and, since Dowsing says nothing in his Journal respecting a visit to the parish, he, iconoclast* as he was, is not to be blamed for the spoliation. The beautiful raised cross slab in the pavement, partly of the north aisle, partly of the vestry, has been engraved ^ Cough's Sepulchral Monuments, Vol. i. p. Ixix. 72 by Cutts^, who assigns it to the thirteenth century. Should this date le correct, and we may faii-ly assume that it is, the slab must be another relic of an earlier church, and thus have an additional interest attaching to it. Gough" has likewise given the slab, but without adding any remarks thereupon. The pulpit, which has a flat modern testoon over it, is very deserving of notice, and to l>e highly admired, in consequence of the beautiful carved wood- work, whereof it is formed. Its ancient wood-work constitutes, in fact, the great recommenda- tion of the church, and renders it so attractive an object to the curious, the whole building, from the east end of the chancel to the tower arch, together with the vestry, being full of it. It was brought from Jesus college chapel in 1787 by Mr Mas- ters. The authorities of that college had disposed of it, because they wished to arrange the interior of their chapel more in accordance with the ideas then prevailing of comfort and neat- ness. This wood-work is profusely adorned with the mitre, and cock and globe, the two badges of Bishop Alcock, the founder of the college. In one part of it we have represent- ations of horse-shoes, pincers, nails, &c., all emblems of the trade of a smith, or rather of a farrier, though the reason for tjieir introduction is unknown to us. Could it be, that some member of a family, like that of Ferrars (ferrarius), who bore, at least, horse-shoes in their arms, was concerned in causing the wood-work to be originally executed ? The handsome carved door, a portion of the same wood-work, which, in Mr Masters'" arrangement, formed the north door of his church, is now the vestry-door for the clergy in the south transept of the cathe- dral at Ely. The Rev. Henry Fardell, on becoming vicar of Waterbeach in 1821, persuaded the rector, (without asking the sanction of the parish authorities,) to allow*him to appropriate it, and replace it with a plain one of oak, his notion being, that ' Scpulrhral Slabs and Crosses, Plate liv. See also pp. 30, 44, 82. '^ Scpnlrhrul Monuments, Vol. i. p. cix. Plate iii. 73 it was intimately connected with, and therefore ouglit to be preserved in, the cathedral, where Alcock had been bishop, and of which he was himself a prebend. All the windows of the church were at first filled with painted glass, of which no more remains, than what we see in the uppermost portions of some of them. ^V'e might have ex- pected a fair number of ancient coats of arms in the tracery, but we find only those already described. The parish church of Landbeach before the Reformation, judging chiefly from the Mills of sevei-al of the old inhabitants, was well provided with the peculiar ornaments of a Roman Catholic place of worship. For, besides the customary high altar, and rood-loft^ with its proper furniture, it had a picture of our Saviour, an altar of S. James the apostle, with a lamp hanging before it, and, apparently, five images, namely, of the Virgin Mary, of our Lady of Pity, of our Lady, both at the chancel door, and in the chapel, and of S. Nicholas. The guilds, or benefit clubs of that period, were two, the guild of All Hallows, and Jesus guild. They were both kept in the church, and had their own small altars, their own priests, and the images of their patrons. There was, however, a be- quest by John Lane, in 1519, for the purpose of assisting in buildinrj a house for the former guild. One method of obtaining funds for the reparation of the church in early days was somewhat singular. Memorandum. In y^ xiii yere of the Rcyne of Kyng Henrie the vii [1498] 1 The rood-loft at Guildcn Morden, 'the best in this county/ stands out into the nave full seven feet from the chancel : its slender banded shafts are still kept painted, as they were originally : the figures of S. Ethel wold and S. Edmund are on the front. Each side of the passage under it into the chancel exhibits two of these monkish verses : — Ad mortem diram, Ihesu, de me cape curam : Vitam vcnturam post mortem reddc securam. Fac me confessum rogo te Deus ante recessum; Et post decessum cclo mihi dirige gressum. 74 Maister Thomas Cosyn, Maister of the Colledge of Corporis Christi, and our blyssyd Lady, in Cambryg, and Maister WilHam Rakclyffe^, hath orde}Tiyd for the comyn wcle of the Tenants of Landebeche, that who sume ever sofyrth [suffereth] recclessely his flok of shepe to do any grete hurte or harme in the !Medow, or in the Feld, on there neybors Grasse or Come, for yche Flok schall pay to the reparachon of the chyrche of Landbeche be- fore rehersyd xii'. And then two individuals are named, who were required to pay this fine. Maister Morgon the viii day of ]\lay hurte wyth hys schyppes the corne of dyverse men, for the whych he schall pay to the reparachon of the chyrche befor sayd xii'^ Item, William ^Marchall for a like faute xii^. In the library of Caius college ^ exists an old manuscript book exhibiting an account of church goods for the several parishes within the archdeaconry of Ely. It is entitled Veius Liber Archidiaconatus Miensis, and gives us generally the result of two separate visitations, which are distinctly marked by the character of the writing ; but, as regards Landbeach, the results of three, if not of four, visitations appear to be recorded therein. 1306 Ecclesia de Landbeche non appropriata: habet Rec- torem, et taxatur ad x marcas. Solvit pro synodalibus ij\ iiij'' ; procurationibus xij*^ ; denariis sancti Petri ij^ Ornamenta sunt hicc : [ij •'^J missal bonum : duo* [iijj Antiphonaria bona : legenda ^ These were the lords of the two manors, the first being also rector of the parish. A daughter of Sir Edward Ratcliffe, Knt. was buried at Landbeach in 1C08. Sir Edward, 'a fooHsh doctor of Physick,' had a bro- ther named Jeremy, who was one of the translators of the Bible, and, as a fellow of Trinity college, the sinecure rector of Orwell. He came from Hitchin, and, most likely, had no connexion with the family of "W^'illiam RakclyfFe. Cooper's Hist, of Cambridge, Vol. iii. p. 71 ; Athen. Cantab. Vol. I. pp. 203, 552. 2 Num. 204, Art. 11, p. 81. ^ This, and the three following insertions, in a much later hand. * This duo, and the next, scratched through; so also, under 1349, xl% quadragesimale being written on the margin. For an explanation of the books, &c. reference may be made to Rock's Church of our Fathers; Maskell's Monumenta Ritualia; and Clay's Ilist. of Waterbeach. 75 bona: [j]ij gradalia sufficientia: epistolarium : [ij] manual bon[a] : martilogium^ bonuiu : Duo [quatuor] paria vestimento- rum integra cum pcrtinentiis : pixis eburnea sub serura : iiij""" pliiole : fons sub serura-: ij cruces: turribulum bonura: duo vexilla. 1349 capa chori^: duo calices argentei: Quatuor superpel- licia : Quatuor viole : velum xl'' quadragesimale : duo frontalia : Ordinale* de usu Sarum : unum antiphonarium ; et gradale ex dono I reetoris^ : Crismatorium. j' missale abreviatum, et unum antiphonarium bonum. Among the records deposited in the Public Record Office, Carlton Ride, London, is an Inventory of Church Goods, in which it is thus contained : — Landebeache. This is a trewe and perfect Inventorie indented made &; taken the iiij-'' day of August anno rcgni regis Edwardi sexti vj** [1552] by us Richarde Wylkes, Gierke, Henry Gooderich, John Huddleston, and Thomas Rudston, Esquyres '■, Commyssloners emongcst others assigned for the surveye & view of all maner of goodes, plate, Jewelles, Belles, and orniam*^^, as yet be remayninge, forth- comynge, & belonginge to y® paroche churche there, as here- after foloweth. Plate. Fyrste one Chalyce w^'' y" patent of Sylver, poiz. xvj''''. Ornam*". Item ij Crosses thone of Copper, two olde copes, ^ Marty rologium sequiores vocant martilogium. 2 This was in accordance with a constitution of S. Edmund, archbishop of Canterbury, in 1286. At that time the fonts were opened only at Easter, and Whitsuntide. Hence tliose highly ornamented covers, which were after- wards introduced, and of which some have remained until our own days. •* A cope for use in the chancel. * John de Stowe ? ^ Added in a faded ink, and a third, and much later, hand. ^ See a notice about three of these commissioners in Clay's Hist, of Water- heach, p. 42. John Huddleston, of Sawston, was afterwards knighted by Queen Mary for privately entertaining her at his seat on the death of her brother, and aiding her to escape from the mob, who took part with Lady Jane Gray. 76 thone of vvhight sattyn w*'' y'^ hole sute to y^ same, viz. deacon vestem' and subdeacon, and thothcr of dornyx\ A vestem* of grene velvet, A hole sute of blewe sylke, wantynge y^ cope, ij vestem*^' one of redde sylke, thother of crymson, & one other of blewe, one surplesse, ij Alterclothes of dyaper and ij Towelles, Belles". Item in the Steple there iij greate Belles, and one Sanctus BelP. All which parcelles above wrytton be dd [delivered] and com- mytted by us, the saide Commyssioners, unto the salve kepinge of John Gotobcdde, Thomas ^^^arde, Richarde Footte, and Ni- cholas Aunger, parisheoners there, to be at all tymes forth com- ynge to be answered. Except and reserved the said Chalyce poz xvj ounces, the saide Clothes Towelles and surplesse delyvered unto Henry Aylem, and Wylhnus Thyrlowe, Church Wardens there, for thonlie mayntenance of dyvyne servyce in the said paroche churche. Rychord Bonsalle Curate. + by me llychard Foott. Another inventory of church goods is in existence, connected with the seventeenth century, and preserved among the parish documents, more curious in some respects even than the forego- ing. This Indenture witnessethe that John Thorlow, and Thomas Foote, Church^vardens of the parish of Landbcach for this present 1 A kind of stuff used for curtains, cai7)cts, and hangings, so called from Doom!, 01' Tournay, where it •^•as first made. A celebrated manufacture of it flourislicd at Pulham in Norfolk. - The royal commissioners only left one bell out of four. See p. C>fi. •' This bell was different from the sacring bell, and used for a different purpose. The sanctus bell was rung to indicate, that prayers were about to begin ; the sacring bell, on the elevation of the host and chalice after con- secration. Jewel's Works, Vol. i. p. 292; JNIaskell's Ancient Liturgy of the Church of England, p. 98, edit. 184G. The sacring bell in England down to the Reformation was generally a small hand-bell, carried by an attendant. Sometimes, however, it was a larger bell suspended on the outside of the church in a small turret directly over the chancel arch, and rung from below. The former was evidently the kind used at Landbeach. See p. 7y. year 1613, doe acknowledge, that there is belonginge to the Church of Landbeach aforesaid, and w<='' we have received by a former bill Indented from the precedent Churchwardens, theise severall thinges that followe, viz. : Imprimis a silver Cvppe w*' a Cover damasked for the Com- munion. Item a stoupe of pewter for wyne. Item a table for the commvnion. Item a carpet of blewe satten \ Item twoe old table Cloathes. Item a svrples for the minister. Item an old svrples w^'^out sleeves^. Item a bible of the largest volume. Item a booke of common prayer w"' psalmes. Item a booke w*'' singing psalmes for y'' Clarke. Item the paraphras of Erasmvs [upon the GospelsJ^ Item ij bookes of Homelies. Item the booke of Cannons [of 1603-4]. Item a peice of silke reniayninge of the commvnion carpett. Item a great chest barred w"" Iron w"' ij lockes to keepe the bookes and lynnen. Item another barred chest w^'' iij lockes for the poore mens boxe\ Item a litle chest w'" iij lockes for the Eegister of Christ- ninges, marriages, and burialles^. Item a register booke for the same Christninges, &c. ^ See canon lxxxii. 2 The vestment. A garment formerly worn by the ministering priest at the celehration of the holy communion. Clay's Book of Common Prayer Illustrated, pp. .30, 100. •^ See Cranmer's irork. 2 10 the county of Kent . . . J Nov. 13, 1670, For y*" Redemption of Captives) out of Turkish slavery j ^ March 19, 1670-1, For Michael Kys, and Peter) Kys, Hungarians j March 25, 1677, For 30 Hungarian Ministers . 5 6 Sep. 26, 1 680, For the Algerine captives . .225 Jan. 1 , 1 681-2, Collected towards y^ Relief of the) French Protestants \ March 19, 1681-2, Collected for Poland . . . 3 7 Feb. 4, 1683-4, Collected for Rebuilding y^ Parishl Church of Portsmouth j The parish registers, the scries of which is quite unbroken, date from 1538, a child being borne and cristened^ on 18"' ^ The sum gathered on this occasion has been omitted. In the year 1G61, beginning and. ending with Lady day, were twenty-two collections for public and private objects, the contributions of the parishioners being £G. 19*. Id., that is, about £2ii of our present money. ^ This is at first the usual form. 81 October in that year, though tlie letter of Thomas, lord Cromwell, lord pri\7 seal, and vicegerent to the king's highness, ordering such documents to be kept, was merely issued in the previous month of Septeraber\ To Henry Clifford their present completeness is principally due. He caused the first entries, as well as a portion of the others, to be fairly copied out, and joining to them what remained, compiled, and handed down to his successors, an ex- tremely interesting and valuable volume. For eight years the baptisms, marriages, and burials, are all mixed u]) together ; but, beginning with l'A6, they occupy, yet not without exceptions, each its own portion of the book. In the new arrangement of the en- tries the Beryinges are placed first. In 1578, and the succeeding year, the plague carried off a few of the parishioners : the family of Mr Hutton chiefly suffered'. In loDO George Smith, fawlekner, was buried ; and likewise George Garrett, the oulde clarke. Among the entries for lo62 occur the following strange re- marks: — Pope, the fox Will eate no grapes, and Win, he caa not git y"' ; so at this towne thei loue inglish seruis, because thei can haue none other, as apperith bi the candilberae^ & rodlofte, as I think: iudge you by me. Nicolas Nemo. a.d. 1594. This could only have been written by some one, whose sentiments leant strongly to the Puritans, and who wished to insinuate, that, from the continued existence of the candilbeme & rodlofte, the inhabitants of Landbeach were still inclined to popery. ' Holinshed, \o\. iii. p. 80G, edit. 1807; Burnet's Hist, of the Reforma- tion, Vol. I. Append, p. 180, edit. 1G81. ^ The plague was at Cambridge in 1574, and again in 1593. ^ The rood was sometimes supported by a beam, sometimes by a gallery. The latter was called tlie rood-loft, the former the rood-beam, or the candle- beam, from the great candles set on high candlesticks, and placed on each side of the rood. Much emulation was shewn in supplying these high candle- sticks. Perhaps, from both being said to belong at the same time to the same church, (unless only one is meant under the two terais,) the candilbeme is to be here explained by circulus ccreus pendens super trabeam in cancello coram sacramento altaris, no uncommon thing in our parish clmrches before the Reformation, and which might not have I)een removed in 1594. G 82 The entries under the head of Beryiuges are closed with a quotation from Scripture : — JSIarvell not at this, for y' hower shall come, in the which all y* are in y'^ graues shall heare his voice, and they shall come forth, that have done good, vnto y'^ resurrection of life ; but they, that haue done euill, vnto the resurrection of con- demnation. John 5, vers. 28, 29. Finished and Subscribed by me Henry Clifford clerke w"' my owen hande. 1598. The division of the register-book headed Nuptiit? ends thus : — Mariag is honorabull amonge all men, and the bed vndefiled ; but whoremongers and addulterers God willJudge. Heb. 13 vers. 4. Finished and Subscribed by me Henry Clifford clerke w'' my owen hand. 1598. The Cristennynges come last. During William Whalleye'^s incumbency, that is, from 1554 to 1558, the names of the sponsors are uniformly added. His tendencies were, of course, Roman Catholic. After the last entry is — This is life eter- nall to know the. The only trew God, and Jesus Christ whome thou hast sent. John 17 vers, 3. Finished and Subscribed By me Henry Clifford clerke w'' my owen hand. 1598. The second register-book is but a duplicate of the first, from 1560 to 1597, the entries for that ])criod being all fairly copied, and duly arranged. Commencing with 1597 it was used for recording such christenings, marriages, and burials, as continued to take place in the parish. At the beginning is written : — Registrura ecclesie parochialis do Landbeche Eliens. diosis, Eeno- uatum penultimo A[)rilis, Anno Regni Regine Elizabethe, Dei gratia, Anglie, Francie, et Hibernie, fidei Defensoris &c. quad- ragessimo — et Anno 1598. After the baptisms for 1G53-4 the following comes: — This tenth day of December 1653, Wil- liam Foote being elected the Parish Register [Registrar] of the towne of Landbeach is approved of by [me], and sworne for the due execution of his office before me. Talbot Pepys^ Such ^ Recorder of Cambridge. See Nichols' Topographer ayul Genealogist, Vol. HI. pp. 97, &c. 83 an appointment had been rendered necessary by an Act of Par- liament passed the preceding 24"' August. AVilham Foote ap- pears to have carefully executed his office, which he held only for about four years, since in 1G57 W Kawley, and the churchwardens, again signed the parish register-book. Under 1675 we find this entry properly attested : — Sara Munns, the wife of Francis Munns, an Inhabitant in this parish, a IJeligious and Deuout woman, did in all humility give and consecrate to God, and to the vse of this parish, a faire Communion Cloath of Diaper, and a Towell of the same, vpon Easter day, being the 28"* of March, in the yeare of o"" Lord God, 1630, she deceasing the same yeare: And to this Gift she had the Consent and Ap- probation of her Husband. As witnesseth his hand subscribed. The Mark of -t- Francis Munns. Witnessed by W. Ilawley, Kector Ecclesitc. John Thurloe, William Annis, Churchwardens. Toby Clifforde. Among the marriages for the year 1566 we have : — The Twoe and Twentye daye of October wasmaryed ]\lister Richard Kyrbye, and Mistress Margaret Merryalle : this Mister Kirbye was caryed to Church in a Chayre. He was lord of the manor of Bray, and died in the following February ^ Richard Bawdricke, and Florance 'NV^rite, were joyned together in matrimonye the Twentieth daye of October. Memorandum, that this Florance was his fyft wyffe. Under 1597 this occurs :—Mayster Henrye Gotobed, the Elder, Howskeeper, was buryed upon the Fyft daye of the Moneth of December in the yeare above wrighten. The verses, which follow, are hardly deserving of transcription, except for the affec- tionate feeling displayed in them, and to show, what kind of things found their way into the register-books in former days. Since lis my Chance to wright his names Recorde, who in his lyfe was Father vuto me; ' Sec p. 25. G 2 84 He Wright tlieis lynes vppon his lyfes afforde [[worthy, who at his dcathe a very sayntc was hee. Then blame not mce, what ere yow are, my frend, That would not have his prayscs at an end. Couldc I Ingrosse his lyfes eternall prayse, his lamblike, lovinf^, lowly meecknesse, his honest yowth, his aged latter dayes, which shone as fayrc, as dooth the sonnl} e brightness : Yf in Compare such brightnesse maye be sjioken, his Meeklye liart was vertnes lovclye token. He was that dove, that sent his \jts2 soule to heaven, and offerd yt to Joves celestiall shrine; and set the worlde at verye syx and seaven only with sayntes together to Combine ; And brcathd out lyfe vnto the worldes disdayne, hoping to winn a better lyfe againe. Wright by me John Gotobed anno domini 1598, Eegine 40. John Gotobed not only composed the above lines, but wrote them, together with the entry of his father's burial, in the register-book : he alludes to the latter circumstance in the first line. Richard Foote, late Clarke of the parish, was buried February 16*^, 1646-7. Toby Flavill, late dark of the parish, was buried June 28***, 1659. Thomas Sparrowe a Crisome^ child was buried March 5'\ 1663-4. We may now turn to the wills^ of the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries, and see what information it is possible to glean therefrom in relation to the parish of Landbeach. This information, however, will be found to be almost entirely connected with the church, and its furniture, on which points it is very full, and interesting. ^ Unbaptised. See Bibliotheca Topog. liritan. Vol. i. Append, to Heme, pp. 181, Sec. " The extracts from these wills have been taken chiefly out of Mr Mas- ters' book of Collectanea de Landliearh. In Bccon's Works, Vol. iii. pp. lin, &c. Park. Soc. we liave a complete formula for an early Reformation will. So Henry Chaumherleyn made his will on the festival of S. Vincent [22 January] 1344-5, Among his directions are: — ante corpus meuni die sepulture, nomine principal [mortuary], equum meum meliorera, et ad distribuendum pauperibus, et exequias meas celebrandas, triginta libras. Item ego lego decern libras ad cele- brandum in proximo anno post-obitum meum ; et facio et constituo Dominum Thomam, filium meum, militem, et Dominum Johan- nem [de Stowe], Rectorem ecclesie de Landbeche, executores meos. Et omnia residua bonorum meorum do et lego predictis Thome et Johanni ad missas celebrandas, et ad pauperibus dis- tribuendum, prout melius viderint anime mee expedire William Keryclie [Keteryche]i made his will 20*** October, 1479 : — Lego corpus meum sepeliendura in ecclesia parochiali de Landbeche juxta patrcm meum : summo altari pro decimis oblitis vj' viij'^: fabrice dicte ecclesie pro sepultura mea vj' viij*^:- Abba- tisse et conventui de Denney ad custodiendum anniversarium meum, parentum meorum, et benefactorum, Ixvj* viij*^ : Katerine filie mee pro suo maritagio, et ad ipsam salve custodiendam, xiij'' y'f viij**, cum pervenerit ad logitimam ctatcm ; et si contingat dictam Kate- rinam obire antequam pervenerit ad dictam etatcm, quod absit, quod dicta xiii" vj' viij'' traderentur Domine et conventui de Denney ad custodiendum predictum anniversarium in pcrpetuum : iiij" ordini- bus Fratrum^ in Cantabrigia viij' : residuum omnium bonorum meo- rum lego executoribus meis ad disponendum pro anima mea, paren- tum, et amicorum meorum, prout eis melius videbitur expedire : Abbatisse et conventui de Denney pro debito patris mei x" : item predicte Abbatisse et conventui pro Domina Elizabet filia mea, pro unione professione et introitu ordinis Domine predicte Ix' : 1 A John Keterich was successively bishop of S. David's, of Lichfield and Coventry, and of Exeter, between 1414 and 1419. 2 Evidently the fee for burial (within the body of the church) was to go to the maintenance of the fabric. •^ The four orders of mendicant friars, the Austin (the Hermits of S. Austin), the Dominican or Preaching (black), the Franciscan (grey , and the Carmelite (white). 86 item volo quod Domina Abbatissa de Denney, Doraina Agnes Keryche sorores mee, et Domina Elizabet Keryche filia mea habeant x\\ Henry Lane^ senior, by his will dated 9"' April, 1493, leaves among other bequests to y*" torches vj' viij'' : to the abbesse of Denney for diuerse trespasses on her connyes [conies] ij":* to the said abbesse and convent to be prayed for xx** : to y'^ high altar at Waterbeche ij' : for mending the ways y""" xx': Mast. Kobert Halytreholme preyst to be my preyst, and to syng and praye for me by the space of a year, and have for his salary c^ : to each of my god children, and to every childe of my kynne and blod an ewe and lamb : to his son Henry his creke plough and iiij mares : to Henry his little macer - with ij silver spoons : to Thomas his old maser with ij silver spoons. Ds. John Simi/n^^ capellanus, by will dated viij Jul. 1496, orders his body to be'buried in the churchyard near his parents : for a taper to burn before the ymage of the blessed Virgin, to have pity upon his soul as long as may be, vj" viij*^: to the torches vj' viij'' : to the repair of the bells xx' : to the convent of Denney x' : to every household in Landbeche xij'' : to JMast. Cosyn, master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, a book called Pupilla Oculi^ ; and to Mast. Seyntwary, fellow, meum parvum portiforium. William Richerd., by will made in 1504, leaves to the sepulchre ' As lady of the manor of Waterbeach cum Denney she had a right of free warren also in Landbeach. - Macer, maser, and mazer, was a drinking bowl originally of maple wood, whence its name, derived from a Dutch word. Tlie name Avas afterwards ai)plied to all bowls of the same form, or used for tlie same purpose, of what- ever material made. 'J ymms' Bury WilL; pp. 230, 24G ; Masters, Append, p. 84. ^ See p. 89. ■* Omnibus presT)ytcris, precipue Anglicanis, summe necessaria. Dib- den's Tiipoymphkal AntiquH'ies, Vol. in. p. 20. A work by John de Burgo [Burrough Green], wlio was chancellor of the university of Cambridge in V,MV), 'of the very highest authority on the laws ecclesiastical, which were then in force in Eimland.' 87 light' XX': to the picture of our Saviour vj' viij'; and to a priest to sing masse x\ Elizabeth Racclt/ffe, by will dated 6 March, 1505-6, desires to be buried in the church near her husband William : she leaves to the high altar iij* iiij^ : she wishes to have a Priest to sing mass for one year for her soul, and for the souls of. Thomas Kyrkeby [her first husband], and of William Radclyffe, their sons and daughters : she gives to her son Robert Kyrkeby xP. with a silver salt and cover to his wife : to her sons Richard, and Ralph, Kyrkeby \'f viij'' each. Agnes Wyllijs, widow of William, by will proved 24th April, 1518, bequeaths to the high awter of Landbeche duas pelves; and to Sir Robert de Knaresborough' unam crucem argenteam et auratam, unumquo lapidem in ejus extremitate continentem. Jolm Lane^ by will dated 14th March, 1518-9, beijueaths to the mayntaining of y" sepulchre light iij' iiij ' : to the reparacion of y*^ churche xP : vj" of clene wax for a torche, to remayne to the said churche : to the paving of y'' stretes, if hit may be performed, xx**: to y° Gilde of All-Hallowes, or towards making a howse for the Gilde, xj'; with small legacies to the churches at Water- bcche, and Milton. Thomas Lane, by will proved 4th June, 1519, orders his body to be buried in the churche of Landbeche before the image of S. Nicolas by the grave of his father : he bequeaths to the high awter iij' iiij'': to the reparacion of the body of the church xl": to the belles vi' viij**: to the sepulchre light vj"" viij*^: to the Gilde of All Hallo wes xx**: x" of waxe for a torch : to every householder xij"*: to each of the four Orders of Friars in Cambridge iij' iiij'^r he leaves also legacies to Waterbeche, and Milton ; to Mast. Pykerynge, Parish Priest^ of Landbeche, iij' iiij** to pray for his ^ The Easter, or holy-week, sepulchre used to have lights set before it. Zurich Letters, Third Series, pp. 200, &c. ^ Capellanusi ^ As Peter Nobys, the rector, was non-resident, by Parish Priest may be meant curate. 88 soul : Sir John Howe, clerk, to singe masse for his soul iij dayes in eche weke for one year, and to have v" for so doing, and assisting every Sunday at divine service*; and to have an obit kept for him. John Kirhi/^ by will proved 23rd March, 1520-21, orders his body to be Ijuried before the awter of S. James : he leaves to the high awter ij'; and to Fryer Richard Kilborne x' for a tren- talP, &c. Robert K'lrhy^ gentleman, by will dated in March, 1520-2], orders his body to be buried in the church before the altar of S.James: he bequeaths to the high awter ij': to the Gilde of All Hallowes vj' viij*': to the awter of S. James vj' viij'': to the belles vj' viij*^: to his wife the manor^ place, &c. Thomas Page, whose will is dated 14th May, 1521, bequeaths to the high altar a comb of barley: to the belles three bushels of barley ; and to the Gilde of All Hallowes one quarter of wheat. Alice Lane^ widow of John Lane, leaves money in 1526 to Jesus Gilde, and Jesus Masse. John Warde, by will proved 19th March, 1.j2S-9, bequeaths j" of waxe to our Lady at the chancell dore. Edward Lane^ by will proved 5th February, 1529-30, leaves to the sepulchre light xij'': to the belles iij' iiij*^: to the torches xij*^: to All Hallowes light j'' of waxe : to the Rode j'': to our Lady in the chapellj''; and to our Ladye of Pitye'^j": he styles Mast. William Sovvde his curate, and gostly father superior. Rohert Greye^ gentleman, by will proved 28th April, 1534, bequeaths to his three daughters Christian, Dorothy, and Johan, XX ewes and lambs eche with a cowe and calf; and ccc loads of gravel for the towne. •" He was to occupy a stall in the chancel, and to form one of the choir. - A trental consisted of thirty masses said by threes within the octaves of ten fixed festivals of the church. Latimer's Works, Vol. i. p. .50, note 1, Park. Soc. ^ The manor of Bray. See p. 25. ■* See Mrs Jameson's Legends of the Madonna, pp. '2G, &c. edit. 1857. 89 Robert Smithe bequeaths by will, proved 1 6th September, 1 587, to John Witton his sworde and buckler, &c.; and to Sir John HalywelP his new sadall. William Thurlowe, by will proved 12th November, 1545, be- queaths to the cawsey of Landbeche Ixxx loads of gravel. Nicolas Aun(jer, by will proved 21st March, 1555-6, leaves to the parson [William Whalleye] v': to the churche xl': to the Poore box vj' viij"^ ; and to the Highwayes v^ Gregory Lynton^ at his death in 1569, bequeaths to his brother Gilbert of Long Melford his sword and hangers. The rectory-house stands at the south-east corner of the churchyard within a brick wall and fence : the ground around it measures about an acre and a half, which is nearly all laid out as a garden. Large sums of money having of late years been ex- pended upon it, it makes now a convenient and satisfactory residence, except that it is situated too much below the level of the road. A portion of the house consists of the remains of the original dwellinof, that erected in the middle of the fourteenth century, and contemporaneous with the tower, and chancel, of the present church. The other parts are chiefly renovations, modern improvements, and additions. Mr Masters enclosed the open space between the north and south wings to form the hall, added the staircase, and gave a new west front to the whole : Mr Burroughes contrived the drawing-room by a new arrange- ment of the interior, and made its bay-window ; and Mr Tinkler added the stone porch. Hung up in the hall, are three well-exe- cuted coats of arms on wood, preserved in all probability for their workmanship, one having the arms of Zouch-, (with a file of three points for difference,) and of Whitmore^ quarterly ; whilst of the ^ Curate to William Sowode. - The Zouches were the descendants in the female line of the earls of Brittany. Ellis' General Introduction to Domesday Book, Vol. i. p. 3G6. ^ Sir George VV^hitmore, Knt. a distinguished native of Shropshire, was closely connected with Waterbeach. See Clay's History of that parish, pp. 76, &c. ; Burke's Landed Gentry, Vol. ii. p. 1577. 90 others one bears sim])ly the arms of Zouch, gules, ten bezants 4.3.2.1, the other the arms of Whitmore, emerald, frette, topaz. Sir Thomas Chamberlayne, the founder of the church, may have erected also the habitation for the rector, which was at first, as is quite evident from what we yet see, entirely of stone, and occupied the space covered by the north and east sides, with probably a part of the south side, of the existing building. It was arranged in some measure according to the collegiate plan. For, of the two doorways, which still excite our curiosity, with a little nieh for an image between them at the top, and their many Decorated ornaments, one was the entrance to the usual buttery for bread and beer, the other led to the door of the parlour. That the notion respecting a buttery there, notwith- standing the ornamentation, is correct, we may gather with cer- tainty from the terms of Thomas Cosyn's lease of the rectory in 1512^, whereby he expressly retained certain chambers over the Parlor (the present dining-room) and Eotry for his own use. The chambers intended could only be such, as were wont to be reached by a staircase to the cast of these two doorways, which staircase Mr Tinkler partly removed in consequence of a new application of the space, while the upper portion of it he closed up. Mr Burroughcs alluded to the same staircase, when, wishing to prove the antiquity of a part of the rectory - house, he wrote, ' the steps up to the chambers being all solid prisms of timber."* Thus, therefore, what serves mainly for the kitchen was in the sixteenth century, and always had been, the great hall, where the rector took his meals, and entertained his guests, who were furnished with their requirements, at least, of bread and ale, from the ' Botry ' at the north end of it. This view of the matter will greatly help us to determine, to what purpose the crypt, which has been such a puzzle, was applied. It is now a wine cellar : it was in early days a cellar for ' See p. 52. 91 beer, and whatever else the rector chose to provide for his ordinary occasions, and festivities. The crjpt is still in the same state, as when it was built, only then it extended further towards the east; and, like the two doorways, can hardly be conceived to have more ornament, than was consistent with the style of the period. The roof of the crypt is vaulted agreeably to its Decorated character : it is of brick cemented, and has for a boss a rose ; moreover, other roses are ranged in a line on each side. On the north side are also two coats of arms both belonging to Bishop de L'lsle, one his family coat, as given on p. G9, but without the bordure, the other a fanciful coat\ which he adopted on becoming bishop, gules, a chevron, or, between three trefoils of the second, slipped, argent. The rectory-house must have been in a very dilapidated state, when William Sowode obtained the living in 1 528. For we find him boasting, a few years later, of the money, which he had spent upon it, and promising, like a good and conscientious man, to be equally, if not more, liberal for the future-. In what way he was accustomed to lay out his money, he does not tell us. One thing, however, we do know ; that he put up on the east side of the great hall, exactly in the centre, an oaken chimney piece ten feet wide, because it has at the one corner a W, and at the other an S. He may have erected likewise the Tudor arch leading into what was from of old the ' Parlor,' and which has been for some time blocked up. The style of the arch coincides with the age, wherein he lived. The only other observation, in reference to the rectory-house, which it seems necessary to make, concerns the carved wood-work opposite the buttery. This dates, most likely, from about the year 1 GOO, or a little later ; and w^as possibly placed, where it now is, when the rector, whoever he was, thought 1 He had another coat of this kind, gules, on three bezants the three kings of Cologne. Bedford's Blazonri/ of Episcopacy, p. 39. Archbishop Parker used five private seals. 2 See p. 68. 92 proper to confine the dimensions of the great hall, and to provide for a larger degree of comfort, and convenience, to those, who usually inhabited it. On the other hand, Mr ]\Iasters may have subsecjuently introduced it, as some say he did, relying on his well-known taste in such matters, and somewhat also on tra- dition. A long series of churchwardens'' accounts exists, from 1639 to 1681, both inclusive, bound up at the end of the earliest register- book. From these are here printed a variety of extracts illus- trative of the history of one parish during that most important period, and bearing, no doubt, in some degree, upon the history of other parishes, particularly, of such as are near. 1639 For a balricke for the sance^ bell . Payd for 2 bookes for the church Payd for the pore manes boxe, «S:c. Payd for the breade and wine at bothe the communinges at Whissontide Payd for one bell rope- Giuen to a pore minister Payd to JohnAVisdome for painting the pulpit Payd Ducking for mending the schoole bowse Payd for our booke of articklcs, and oure Elye fardinges, and taking our othes Spente for our dinners at the visitation Payd for perfume for the churche'^ . ^ This is also styled ' the saintes bell/ both terms being corruptions of sanctus. See p. 76, note 3. ^ No further entry about the bells will be given. These entries are throughout so numerous, as to shew, that bell-ringing was much practised at Landbcach. It was a very expensive amusement. ^ Frankincense was burnt at the dedication of chancels and altars ; more- over, on great festivals, to air and purify the church preparatory to its being used, and at the reading of the first lesson. Hierurgia Anglicamt , pp. 9, 180, &:c. 188, oC5, 395 ; George Herbert's Priest to the Temple, ch. xiii. £ ,?. d. 4 10 13 10 9 4 2 6 1 1 10 2 1 9 () 1 • 93 £ ■". J. Payd Richard Foot for making clene the schoole hovvse 6 Payd for a hoodc for our minnister . . 16 6 Payd for 33 pounde of soder ' . . . . 1 13 Payd for frankecum sence .... 006 Payd for breade and wine at the commu- niones at crismus 9 8 Payd Wisdome for his laste paynting of the pulpit 5 Payd for making the hearse [bier], Sec. . 7 6 Payd Smith and TipLady for earring the rope in frith fenn 10 Payd to 2 poore woman that had lose by fire^ 4 Spent on the ringers on the crounation day [2nd February] 10 Payd goode Fison for washing the 2 surplices 10 Payd for the breade and wine for the 2 cora- muniones at Ester 12 Payd Pattricke for whiping the doges % for one holle yeares wages 10 Payd Wisdome for his yeares wages for glasing the Church windoes . . . . 12 Giuen him in earnest for 6 yeares more . 6 Eeceied for the Church lotf* . . . . 13 4 1 The state of the leads of the clmvch was diligently attended to. Many entries occur in each year respecting them. The sums thus laid out were considerable. ^ A very frequent entry. 3 Dog-whippers was a usual term for the parish beadles, or vergers, so also for the bedesmen of cathedrals, as it still is. Dogs must have been much more common formerly, than they are now ; besides, churches were left more open. Bishop Montagu, in his Visitation Articles of 1G38, asked, whether dogs were kept from coming to profane the Lord's table 1 Altar rails are partly due to the fear of such profanation. Heylyn's Life of Arch- bishop Laud, pp. 289, 832. * See p. 45. 94 • £ s. d. Receied for Rent of the towne land . . 1 10 Receied by a Rate 10 4 3 Receied by a nother Rate . . . . 4 14 Receied the ouer pluse since the last yeare "from the laste Church Wardens . . . 2 G 9 1640 Spent when we and our sides men^ were sowrne 019 Layed out at the perambalation for tow dayes on the people 16 10 Layed out for tow bookes for the faste . . 1 10 Payed for one booke of Cannons^ and one prayer ......... 10 Layed out on the ringers on gunpowder treason daye^ for beere ..... 2 9 Layed out for twice washinge the Com- munion Clothes 2 Payed to the pariter [apparitor] for a prayer for the parlement, and bringinge woord of y^'fast 6 . Layed out for our Ely farthinges . . 6^ For washinge the church lininge, and scowr- inge the Stoopes 16 Layed out on Ester daye and low Sundaye for the Conuuuniones .... 10 1 1641 Geiuen to twoe Souldyiers^ .... 2 ^ Sidesmen, or Synods men, do not appear to have been chosen in Land- beach after 1671. Some parishes in Cambridge, and elsewhere, still choose them. See Johnson's Cloyi/man's Vnde Mecum, Vol. i. pp. 108, 169, edit. 1723. ^ Could these be the abortive Canons of 1C40 ? For an account of them, see Cardwell's Synodalia, Vol. ii. pp. 593, &c. ^ An entry regularly repeated, as might have been expected from the complexion of the times. To explain the frequency with which similar items occur, it should be remembered, that Landbeach was on the direct road from Cambridge into the Isle of Ely, and therefore to Lynn. 95 £ X. il. Spent on Kinge Charles his birth daye, the 19 of November 16 Geiuen to the Herdman in earnest . .006 Geiuen likewise to the hoggard^ for earnest 6 1642 Geiuen to 13 Irisha people .... 1 Spent when we went to the Justices to take Protestacion, and to deliver in a bilP . 13 Paid for the heardsnian"'s home . . . 2 Paid for the Peticyon wryteinge . . 6 1644 Spent att Cambridge of 12 men that went about the peticion against the Doctor* . 6 6 Paid to John Annis for writeinge the Coue- nante, and parchment .... 020 1645 Layed out to one pore man that was burnte by the rebelles in Ireland .... 6 1646 Layed out for mates for the Chansell . 2 1648 Goodman Laurance for laieing doune the grafe"' 3 4 For woode for the setes in the porch*' . 10 1650 Paid Will Smith for floering the schole house' 3 Paid for washing the towne lining . . 8 Paid goodman Lawrence for defaceing the kinges armes 2 ^ It is mentioned in the vestry-book under l7th April, 1655, that Henry Safford was liyred to keepe the Swyne vntill one fortnight after the Parson cryd a hawcky, att 4'' per Swj'ne per quarter. ■^ Irish people are common objects of relief from this time. ^ A written statement of grievances. * This petition against Dr Rawley, the rector, may have been on religious matters : the date of the entry seems to favour the notion. Cole says, ' Raw- ley, probably, conformed during the usurpation.' •'' The churchwardens always took the fee, G*. 8c?., for a grave in the body of the church ; but hardly for one in the chancel. See p. 85, note 2. " There arc no seats now. ^ This has long ceased to exist. 3 G 96 £ *. d. 1Q51 Giuen to a poore man and three chillderen which came out of Chessheere, and had a certevecate 4 Giuen to one which had binn a souldger in the Pari, servis seauen yeares and had a certevicate for to goe to the bath for euer, and to be releued in his Journie . 10 1G52 Payd for 4 raatts for the people to knelle on at the Communion^ 1653 Spente at towe monthley metinges . Spente at House at a monthley metinge ^ . 1656 Ellefardens^ Giuen to a plundred mincster 1659 Giuen to a poor minster and his wife and his daughter and 4 chilldren .... 9 Payd to Patterick for this years wages for kcping the dogs out of the Church . 10 For washing y*' towne linin and scowring the flagons 8 1660 Paid to the l^ainters for scting up the Kings amies 2 5 Paid to the Parritcr for a booke for keping the fast for y" Kings death^ . . . 1 10 ' No mention of the purchase of hread and wine for the communion has occurred since the year ending at Easter, 1 (liS, nor will again occur until 1607 ; yet, from this entry, and a similar one under lf;4G, so likewise from several other entries, it is quite clear, that the sacrament of the Lord's Supper was accustomed to be administered. The provision of the elements is uni- formly recorded after IGG". '^ Of the magistrates. All the public business for the Cambridge district was then transacted at the hamlet of Howes on the Huntingdon road, near to (iirton, and some of it, down to a very recent period, at a public house, the only remains of the hamlet. •' A mistake exists in this item. The Ely ferthings amounted only to Gld, even if money still continued to be paid on that account. See p. 31. * This occurred previously to the drawing up even of the first of the i 97 1661 Laid out on the Coronation day [23'^' April] 8 1662 Paid for a sourvis booke^ .... S Paid for a surplis 2 5 Paid at the Bishowp visitation ... 050 For makino: cleane the school house lande . 6 Paid at the Archdecon Visitation for our diners, &c 10 7 Paid for the Kings Letters .... 6 Paid to gooddy AV'airaan for Washing the lining and pewter 14 Paid for Washing the Surplis twice . . 2 Paid for a booke of Articles ... 010 1663 Giuen to a man taken by the Turkish pirats 10 Spent at the archdeacons visitation for din- ners for our sclucs, and the sids men, and Ely farthings, &c 3 6 1664 For the home mending. .... 008 For the Church booke 4 6 1665 Paid for two bookcs one for the thanksgiuc- ing, and another for the fast^ ... 010 For washing the surplis against the feast . 10 Spent at a. Bonefier 6 Paid for carieing the broaken bell to Cam- bridge 10 two Forms of Prayer for J30tli January mentioned in the Si/nodus Anglicana. See Clay's Book of Common Prayer Illustrated, p. xv, note. ' The last revised edition. ■■^ Charles II. issued, 20th December, 1G62, a Declaration announcing his intention of mitigating the rigor of the late Act of Uniformity ; ostensibly, to ease the Dissenters, secretly, to fiivour the Roman Catholics. ^ A Fast was observed, 5th April, for the success of tlie war against the Dutch ; and, 4th July, a Thanksgiving for the victory obtained over them, 3rd June, off Harwich. 1 1 3 6 G 2 98 Paid for washeing y*^ Surplis & table Linnen at Michaelmas 1 last .... 020 1666 Spent on the Ringers on the thankesgiueing day 16 Paid for ] booke «fc 2 proclamations for a thanksgiuing and humiliation- . Paid for making the Church Cloath, and silke 1667 Paid to a poor Minister which came w"' his Majesties Letter Paid for bread &d wine for two Communions 1669 Paid to three poore men which came w"' Letters Testimonial for a loss by fier . 8 Paid to Mr Dornington for warchinge for the Breefe for the fier at London . .020 1670 For shooting and destroying the Jackdayes in the church 10 For mending and washing the surplis and other linen at Michaelmas .... 2 Spent at Toby Leaches when the townes men mete about our rate, and the overseeres . 2 Giuen to a minester that had a losse by the fier at london Paid for workemanshipp about the graues For a quarter [of a pound] of frankinsence^ 1671 For a new common prayer book Giuen to seuen trauelers which had a cer- tifficate to testifye their losses, and for their logging 3 ^ The first intimation of a regular quarterly comnaunion. ^ A Thanksgiving was kept, 14th August, for successes over the Dutch. There was a Fast, 10th October, on account of the Fire of London. •' None had been bought, it seems, since 1639. The custom, however, of fumigating churches did not die out until several years after 1G70. Hie- rurgia Anglicana, pp. 18o, 184. 2 6 3 8 3 12 s. rf. 1 2 1 2 m 2 1 1 6 1 G 1 99 For two bookes for the fast . . . . For bread and wine after haruist ... Paid at y'' visitation of y*' Archdeacon for Ely farthings For bread & wine for the holy Communion at Michaelmas Paid for 2 books for the fast .... For mending of the hood Paid to a poore man which came w"' the broad Seale for a loss by sea .... For two bookes for the fast .... Paid to the Chanceler's man, when he came to visit the church 2 6 Paid to the widdow Sparrow for washing the surplis Mr Rawlie gave to the towne . . Paid for bookes for the fast .... For mending the hood Two bookes for the fast — december 22 . To a man with a letter of request for loss by fire Paid for two books of the Kings declaration' Paid for bread and wine for two communions about S. Michaell 4 2 THE RECTORS. Mr Masters mentions ^ three priests as possessing the rectory of Landbeach in the twelfth century, William, Bernard, and Bartholomew. However, from researches prosecuted sub- * A Deqlaration stating the causes, why he had dissolved the last two parliaments, was, on the advice of Archbishop Sancroft, read in all the churches. ^ Append, p. 20. H2 1 1 6 8 1 1 2 100 sequently to the publication of his History of the college, he discovered, that he had been led into error, and had assigned to Landbeach what really belonged to the neighbouring parish of Watcrbcach. The first rector, that we actually have any account of, is Mast. Pers de Cantebngg, who was presented in the reign of Hen. IT. by Aleyn de Beche, and died after holding his prefer- ment two years. The exact date of this presentation we cannot ascertain, but it could only have been early in Henry's reign. Aleyn de Beche presented, because he held land of Sir William de Peverel, and Sir William's property had been divided among his sister's by 1168^ WiUiam^ the son of Humfrey, had the king's letters of presentation, 19th May, 18 John [1216], to the church of [Land] Beche, the donation whereof pertained to the king, because the lands of Robert de Beche, son and heir of Aleyn de Beche, were in his hands-. William de London succeeded to tlie livino; in the reign of Hen. III., and before the year 1229''. He was presented to it by Robert de Oeche himself. He held the rectory twenty years, and died at Landbeach. Bichard de London^ was rector 40 Hen. III. [1255], and must have then been so for several years, as Robert de Beche (who died about 1 210) gave him also the presentation. Richard de London continued rector twenty-four years, and like his pre- decessor died at Landbeach. Mast. Laurence de Mannehye was presented to the rectory by John le Bere, eldest son of Helen de Beche, and guardian to John Avenel, her great nephew. ' Seep. 11. " He had seized upon them on some pretext or other. ^ See p. 51. ■* Cole's MSS. Vol. viii. pp. 1, &c. Thomas de London was in 1273 one of the brethren of the order of Servants of tlic Blessed Virgin Mary, the Mother of Clirist, in Cambridge. 101 Thebaud [Theobald] le Clmumherleyn was presented by his father, Sir Walter. He held the rectory a very short time. The document styled a Eemembraunce arranges these ancient rectors in the order here adopted ; but, as in 1255 Sir Walter was granted the liberty of presenting after the death of Richard of London', perhaps Thebaud le Chaumberleyn ought properly to have been placed before Laurence de Mannebye. David de Offi/ngton was presented by Walter de Rives at the request of Mast. Henry de Wengham'-'. The Le Chaumberleyn family were still, however, the actual patrons for the turn : demora le presentee Walter avandit. David de Offyngton was rector two years in the reign of Hen. HI,, and then resigned his preferment. John le Chaumberleyn was presented by his father Walter, grandson of Sir Walter, before the end of the reign of Hen. III. A fortnight after Easter, 27 Edw. I. [1290], Phihp le Fitz- Hernys nominated him to the rectory of Eltisley, whereupon, ' par la pluralite,"' he was obliged to vacate his living of Landbeach. This date should be 27 Edw. III. [1353] according to Cole 3; but he is certainly wrong. There was a second clergyman in the family with the same Christian name. Johannes le Chaum- berleyn was ordained an acolyte by Bishop Montacute, 5 Kal. Aprilis, 1338, and subdeacon, 4 Kal. Aprilis, 1342. Richard de Walpol^ was presented, and, apparently, in 1299, by John le Bere, nephew of the John le Bere before mentioned. ^ See p. 48. 2 Henry de Wengham or ^Vlngham was lord cliancellor from 1 2-5.5 to 1260. He became bishop of London in 1259, and died two years after. Lord Campbell's Hist, of the Lord Chancellors of England, Vol. i. pp. 130, 131. ^ Collect. Topog. et Genealog. Vol. v. p. 865. ^ Ralph de ^Valpol, from 1271 to 1288, was archdeacon of Ely, and rector of Scmiersham ; he also became successively bishop of Norwicli, and Ely. Another Richard dc AValpol belonged, 9 Kal, Augusti, lo41, to the convent of Hermit friars of St Austin at Cambridge. 102 and grandson of Helen de Beche, as guardian to William Avenel, great grandson of her sister Isabel. Thomas de Berningham died rector in 1308. A dispute imme- diately sprung up respecting the right of appointing a successor \ John de Herdewick had been in possession of the rectory, 16 Edw. II. [1323], for some years, but how many is uncertain. He died at Landbeach. Thomas in the Heme was chaplain here 2 Edw. III. [1328], and, possibly, during John de Ilerdewick's incumbency. This rector manifestly belonged to a family of some importance in the county, since we read of Robert de Herdewyk, who in the reign of Hen. III. held a manor in Comberton, the adjoining village to Hardwick. John de Herdewyk, vicar of Comberton, had permission, 13 Kal. Aprilis, 1343, to perform divine service during his illness, and also to have it performed, in an oratory in his own house. John de Stoice was rector, 4 Kal. Februarii, 1345-6^. For Bishop Montacutc by a document of that date granted him the office of penitentiary, or confessioncr, to all his parish- ioners, except in the five cases, which were wont to be reserved to himself. John de Stowe had probably been rector some little time. He died of the plague in 1349. Bentham supposed the diocese of Ely, consisting as it did merely of the Isle of Ely, and the county of Cambridge, to have then had 145 incumbencies, (now the same extent of country has 17<>,) and Bishop de L'lsle's register shews for the year 1849, beginning and ending with Lady-day, an admission of 92 clergymen, more than one half of the whole number of incumbents, though some few parishes occur twice"'. A\'illiam L'atcman, bishop of Norwich, founded Trinity Hall, 15th January, 1349-50, in consequence of the same 1 See p. 48. - Wiirunn dc Stowe was admitted about the same time a member of the Guild of Corpus Christi. Masters^ p. 7. ■' Cole's MSS. Vol. xxrir. pp. 72, &c.; Bentham and Stevenson's Hist, of Ely Cathedral, Vol. ii. Notes, i^p. 87, 88; Fleetwood's Chron. Precws.]).7C). 103 plague, to secure a regular supply of clergy for his diocese ^ The members of his college were chiefly to cultivate the study of the canon and civil law, in both which he was himself a great pro- ficient. Richard Abbat, of Eryswell, was presented to the rectory, 18th June, 18i9, by Sir John Avenel, Knt., the patron for that turn, in succession to John de Stowe. There had been an ex- change of rights, and Henry le Chaumberleyn was allowed to present a few years before to Eryswell. Richard Abbat had a licence of absence for a year, 4th May, 1353. Sir- John atte Church'\ of Teversham, is said to be rector of Landbeach in a deed dated 44 Edw. III. [1370] ; but it is not known by whom, or when, he was appointed, nor, therefore, how long he held the living. He is the John Teversham, fellow, of the college documents ; and was one of the executors to Thomas de Cambridge, who died in 13{)1, and to whose effects the above deed relates. This Thomas de Cambridge was the son of Sir John de Cambridge, Knt., justice of the King's Bench, whose capital messuage, &c., opposite Michael House on the south side, was taken in 1853 for the new site of Gonville Hall '. A member of the family of Atte Church, a priest living at Comberton, was admitted, 2nd May, 1344, to the vicarage of St John Milne-street, Cambridge: another was parson of Stokken Pelham [Pelham Stocking] in Hertfordshire in 1350; and a third, who is described ^ Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, Vol. ii. p. 3G2 ; Peck's Desid. Curios. pp. 289, &c. ; Cooper's Memorials of Cambridge, Vol. i. pp. 110, 114. ^ A priest was the third of the three Sirs, which only were in rc(fuest of old, to wit. Sir King, Sir Knight, and Sir Priest. See Narcs' Glossary, and Nichols' Literary Anecdotes, Vol i. pp. GGl, G02. The oddest mixture of titles imaginable, and yet not an unusual one, though applied to a clergy- man, occurs in the register for burials at Bemerton : — Mr George Herbert, Esq. Parson of, &c. ^ Among the gentry of Cambridgeshire in 14.33 was Johannes Attcchercko de Ilowis. Atte Church would seem to be equivalent in meaning to Kirkby, or Kirby. ^ Cooper's Memorials of Cumhridge, \o\. i. pp. 84, 14^^ ; Masters, pp. 8, 24. 104 as de Theversham, presbyter, was instituted to the vicarage of Hinton 2oth November, l.'3o2, on the presentation of the rector. John atte Church was admonished at Landbeach, 4th July, 1374, by Nicolas Iloos, the bishop's commissary, John Campion being present, and witnessing the proceedings, to look out immediately for some friendly and fit person to be his coadjutor, because he was hin^self senex, et valetudinarius, ac corporis sui viribus desti- tutus. Great com})laint had been made against him, that, under the influence of one Amija Bernard, he had dissipated the goods of the church, and was allowing the rectory to go to ruin. Robert de Eltislc, rector of St Andrew, Histon, providus ac discretus vir, was appointed his coadjutor the following 9th December, only a few days before his deaths Thomas de Eltlsle, J. U. B.-, nephew of Thomas de Eltisle, the first master of the college, was instituted 1 1 Kal. Jan. [22nd December], 1374, having been appointed to the rectory by his uncle, and William de Horwodc"'. Thomas, parson of Lambeth, Jiad presented him to the rectory of Eltislc in 1351, he, and his brother Alan, having two years before purchased that advowson, together with the two medieties of the manor, from Sir John de Goldyngham, Knt. of ChigwelP. The nephew had not been long inducted, when, on receiving in exchange the rectory of Grant- chester, he resigned Landbeach in favour of his uncle, Thomas de Eltisle^ Dec. Bac. master, who was instituted 4 Kal. Aprilis, 1375, and held the living together with his mastership. This rector was chaplain to Simon do Langham, bishop of Ely, (archbishop of Canterbury in 13G6, lord chancellor, and a car- dinal,) as he had been before to Archbishop de Stratford, three times lord chancellor, who died August, 1348. He is the ^ Cole's MSS. Vol. xr.i. pp. 19, 20. - Juris utriusque [canonici et civilis] baccalaureus. •* Mayor of Cambridge in 1349. See Masters, pp. 12, 24, He was a priest. Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, Vol. i. p. 98. ^ Morant's Hist, of Essex, Vol. i. p. ICo. Sir John, and Eleanor his wife, were niemhers of the (niild of Corpus Christi at Cambridge. 105 Thomas, parson of Lambeth, just referred to, since he held that Hving, to which ho may have been collated by Archbishop de Stratford, with other preferments. For William de Savere, parson of Gritton [Girton], granted, 26 Edw. III. [1352], to Thomas de Eltisle, parson of Lanibhithe, and Henry de Tang- mere^ of Cambridge, a messuage in AV^aterbeche near the bank of the river. Thomas de Eltisles arms, like those of all the masters of the college down to the present day, are engraved in Lamb. He died 21st August, 1376. Upon his death Sir Johi Campion, fellow, became rector 6 Kal. Septembris. He had been presented to the living by Robert de Eltisle, another nephew of the deceased master, and John Raysoun^ of Fulborne, both late fellows, and the patrons, with William de Horvvode, (by appointment of that master 49 Edw. II L [1S75]) for the turn; both, also, his executors'. The former, whose name has already occurred in connexion with John atte Church, was rector of Lolleworth : the latter, rector of St Benedict's parish^ which he presided over for about thirty years, being at the same time much concerned in the transactions of the college. John Campion, then chaplain, had been attorney with John Redele, of Landbeche, for Sir John de la Lee, Knt. in giving up the manor of Chamberlayne to Thomas de Eltisle, master, 40 Edw. III. [1366]. Some proceedings relating to his will, which was proved 5 Kal. Martii, 1379-80, (Johannes Campion, presbyter, being executor,) are recorded between June and October 1380, in the register belonging to the Consistory Court of the diocese of Ely''. Sir Adam de Leverington., fellow, succeeded to the rectory ' Masters, p. 21 ; Lamb, p. IG, note. 2 John Raysoun with others, as lords of the manor, made free, 1 Rich. II. [1377], Roger, the son of Henry Sandre, with all his fomily. 3 Robert de Eltisle did not prove himself very honest in his responsible charge. Masters, p. 20; and Append, p. 20. " ■* The great tithes of this parish Avere not appropriated to the college until 1578. Baker's MSS. XoX. xxx. pp. 1G2, &c. ■ Vol. I. foil. 137, 141, 143. 106 4 March, 1 379-80 \ John Kynne, master, and other claimants both of the manor, and advowson, joining in the presentation". He was the same year proctor for the college, who wished to appropriate the rectory of Grantchester, and establish a vicarage there. As one of the attornies for Sir William Castleacre, Knt., of Great Eversden, he delivered over certain lands and messuages to Thomas Bradefeld, and Isabella his wife, 15 Rich. II. ^ Now, since Adam de Leverington is styled in the legal document rector of Landbeach, he must have held his preferment at least down to 1391. It is a mistake, therefore, to state, as has been done by an extraordinary oversight, that his immediate successor was rector in 1384'. John de Neketon^ [Necton], D.D. 1383, fellow, was the next rector of Landbeach, but the exact time of his becoming so does not appear. ]\Ir Masters says, with great probability, that it was in the year 1391 or 1392. He had been ordained deacon 12 Kal. Octobris, 1376. He was chancellor of the univer- sity in 1384, and again in 1392. John de Neketon obtained the mastership of his college about 1389 ; and, on his death in March, seemingly, 1397-8, his name was inserted in the list of those benefactors, for whose souls the university was then wont to pray. He belonged to a Norfolk family. Thomas Bodae)/e, fellow, M.A. 1390, was instituted 28 ]\rarch, 1398. He was still rector, 12 Hen. IV. [1411], when he made over to the college the property at Landbeach, which Thomas Bradefeld had, the year before, conveyed to him and others for that purpose. Thomas Bodneye may have continued to be rector until 1429, in which year Adam ClerJce^ was presented to the living on the resignation of his predecessor. As rector he had a lease for ninety-nine years 1 See p. 68. Hugh de Leveiyngton was rector, and proctor, of the uni- versity in 1.315. ' P. 40 ; Masters, Append, p. 21. 3 See p. 20, ■* Mastev.s, p. 38. ^ g^^. p 44 107 from the college, the Christmas after his institution, of a piece of the orchard belonging to their manor, partly a Garden, partly a Rekyard, and adjoining the rectory-house, at an annual rent of iiij^ The following 2()th February the same body let to him the whole of the orchard, w'ith one house called Shepene, and with one garden, as well as every thing contained within the inclosure, near the parsonage, at the rent of xx* a year, for nine years. Adam Gierke was one of the executors to Richard de liillyngford, D.D., master, who died in 1432. Sir John Gierke, probably, a brother of Adam, was chaplain here from 1429 to 20 Hen. VI, [1441], and made a trustee of charity property in 1461. Thomas Brooke was also chaplain at Landbcach, and in 1461 Thomas Wood- ward. The rector himself died in 1462, when, 2nd May, he was succeeded by Richard BrocJier, B.D. fellow \ He was a benefactor to the college, and founded the first scholarship. His scholar he re- quired Bibliam legere coram M""" et Sociis in Prandio, aut alias, et in fine Lectionis orabit in Latinis verbis, primum nominando Mag. Brocher inter alios, sic dicendo, Anima 31" Brochcr requi- escat in pace. He died at Landbeach in 1489. His will is dated the last day of 3Iay, 1487: a codicil to it was made 2nd November. The following is a portion of the former : — Gorpus meum sepelien- dum in cancello Ecclesie Parochialis de Landbeche juxta sepul- chrum Ade Gierke predecessoris mei. Item lego Gonventui de Denney xx". Item lego Ecclesie de Waterbeche vi' viij''...Item lego Priori de Bernewell, qui nunc est, [William Tebald] ymaginem S" Johannis de auro et Perlis contcxtam. John Seyntwary, after- wards himself rector of Landbeach, was one of his executors. John Swayne was chaplain in 1481. Upon Richard Brocher ""s death Thomas Cosyn^ B.D. master, was presented, 25th January, 1489-90, by Elizabeth, dowager duchess of Norfolk^. Thomas Gosyn was chaplain to that lady, and the college had made over to her their right of presentation. In 1490 he became chancellor of > Masters^ p. 45. '' See p. 22. 108 the university, in 1501 doctor of divinity, and in 1504 the second Lady ■\largarefs professor of divinity. John Wysett, probably, served the church in, and from, 1512. Thomas Cosyn continued to hold the rectory of Landbeach until his death, 9th July, 1515, when he was succeeded, 12th August', by John Scynticary^ B.D. fellow. Mr ^Masters prints a curious letter written to him, when president of the college, by Thomas Cosyn, the master, which is well worth a perusal. A portion of it has been already quoted". John Seyntwary was one of the university itdiles for inspecting the building of St ]\lary's church, which was begun in 1478, and finished, except the tower, in 1519^ lie died about February, 151 G-7. His will is dated 1st October, 1516 : — His Body to be buryd in the chappell within St Benctt's Chyrche at Cambridge, if he dyes at Cambr., or at Landbeche, if he dyes there. He queths to Corp. Chr. Coll. liij' iiij' towards the makin"; and formino; the Howse for Munimentts, kiC. : to the hy awt"" of [Land] Beeche xx' ; to every of the four orders of Friers in Cambryge iij' iiij ' : the howse wherein Henry Gibson dwcllcth, whereof he had given his part to y" fores' College, to be ordered and apply'd to the comfort of his Soule, by y" advice of ^Ir Ja. Cursun, ]\Ir Peter Nobys, and Mr John IMarris : to the master x' ; and to every fellow v' : to the coHedge his ^Masse Book and Chaless, after the decease of John ^farys, fellow : to James Cur- son, also fellow, hys spectaculls inclosed in syluer. John Seynt- wary named Peter Nobys, and John ]\[arys, his executors, and gave to either of y°^ for y' labor xl\^ Peter Xohy,-;, B.D. became rector 18th February, 1516-7., a ' Caius ColL MSS. No. 204, p. 5Qb. Tlie mandate for Jolin Seyntwary 's induction was dated 17th August^ 1515, as we learn from Bishop Stanley's register. " Sec p. 22. •' Lamb, pp. 58, 59. ■* This has been made up from Lamb, p. 310, and Baker's MSS. Vol. ai. ]>. 20G. The witnesses, according to the latter, were Mr Edw. Hedge, I'arson of St Benetts Church, Cambr., and S"^ llichard Sylvester, Fellow of }>en. Cull. 109 year after his appointment to the mastership of the college. He was presented by John Purgold, LL.B.\ to whom the turn had been granted for that object. In 1519, in which year he took the degree of doctor of divinity, Peter Nobys obtained a licence of non-residence for three years from Bishop Fordham, in order to be able to take a journey to Kome on matters intimately connected with the college. One of his curates appears to have been named Pykerynge. Sir John Howe, Sir Robert de Knaresborough, and Fryer Richard Kilborne, were chaplains during his incumbency. Peter Nobys, having held the living rather more than six years, resifvned it, as he did also his mastership, about midsummer, 1523, and retired to the priory of Thetford in Norfolk. With the prior and convent of that place he had made an arrangement, 26th November, 18 Hen. YIII. [1521], in conjunction with Sir Thomas Wyndham, Knt. of Felbriggc^. They had paid a hundreth and thrcttye markys \y viij ', and in return Peter Nobys was to have oon annutyc or annuall rente for terme of his naturall lyff of five markys, and an honest stabill to sete two horsys, a bedde chambyr, and a stoodie chambyr, another howse for haye and strawe, and his pleasure to walke in the gardeyn of the said priorye, and a howse therein for fewell and woode : the prior and convent were to kepe yerclie for evyr a solempne dirige with note with ix leccions, and a masse of requiem on the morrow after, also with note, for the soules of the donors, and some of their relatives : lastly, their names were to be mentioned in the prayers at all the services of the prior and convent''. Jo/m CuUi/ng, or Cutty ngs, B.D. 1520, fellow, succeeded Peter Nobys 25th June, 1523, having first agreed to allow him five marks a year out of the profits of the living, until he should obtain some other ecclesiastical preferment of that value. He had a lease from the college of the Hall yard, and of a certain 1 Cooper's Athen. Cardnh. Vol. i. p. o4. 2 Blomcfield's Hut. of Norfolk, Vol. iv. pp. 308, &c. ^ Martin's Hint, of Thetford, Append, pp. -^O, S97 there were at Cam- bridge 122 preachers 'almost all unprovided for.' Whitgift's Works, Vol. r. pp. 318, 544. Park. Soc. ; Latimer's Works, Vol. ii. pp. 324, 329. ° Nicolas' Historic Peernge, pp. Ill, &c. I 114 The college farmer, Mr ?mith, commenced a suit against him respecting it, which was heard at Cambridge, 21st March, 1583-4, when the jury decided, that it belonged to the college, though the l)arson had for a long time enjoyed it. Henry Clifford rested his claim upon a supposed grant by Sir Thomas le Chamberlayne, Knt. o3 Edw. III. [13-30].^ lie was rated for his parsonage to provide, in 1595, one pike furnished, that is, one pike with its proper apj)endages; and likewise, in 1609, to raise a pair of enrols [quarrels], and one pike furnished'-. Thomas Jegon, D.D., 1G02, master, was presented by the college about 10 11 to the rectory of Landbeach, whenever it should become vacant. Since, however, he died, IStli March, 1617-8, little more than a year after Henry Clifford, he may have considered himself too infirm to take advantage of the benefit intended him. For WlUlam Raicley^^ B.D. 1615, fellow, succeeded Henry Clifford, 18th January, 1616-7, being presented by Sir Francis Bacon, Knt., whose ' learned chaplain"' he soon after became on his patron's being made Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. Sir Francis had procured the .turn for him from the master and fellows. In 1620 William Rawley took the degree of doctor of divinity. He rendered great assistance to his patron in his literary labours. He says of himself: — Having been employed as an Amanuensis, or daily Instrument, to this Honourable Author, and acijuainted with his Lordship''s conceits in the composing of his works for many years together, especially in his writing time, I conceived that no man could pretend a better interest, or claim, to the ordering of them after his death than myself. Consequently, he put out several editions of some of those works. In 1657 he also published in folio a volume entitled, liesusciiaiio, or bringing into Fuhlicl' Light several Pieces of tlie Works, Civil, Historical, ^ Cole's MSS. Vol. vm. p. ii; Masters, p. IIG. ^ See Correspondence o/ Parker, pp. 345, &c. ; George Herbert's Priest to the Temple, chap. xix. ^ Masters, p. VM. 115 Philosophical, and Theological^ hitlierto sleeping, of the Right llonourahle Francis Bacon, Baron of Verulam, Viscount Saint Alban. It was in two parts, with a life of Bacon prefixed. He invariably styled himself, His Lordship''s first and last Chaplain^. Lord Bacon died in 1620, from which time AV'^illiam Rawley acted as chaplain to Charles I., and, subseijuently, to his son. In 1G30 he took up his permanent abode at Landbeach, and married. William Jurdan, and John Boland, had been his curates, whilst he was non-resident, as George Thorpe was just before his death. Being proctor for the clergy of the diocese of Ely, William Eawley subscribed, 20th December, IGGl, in token of approval, the revised Book of Common Prayer, which the two houses of Convocation had just prepared. His son William, (M.A. 1G63, fellow,) his wife, and his servants, were all carried off by the plague in IGGG, which calamity so greatly affected him, that he died the following year,, and was buried, 20th June, in the chancel of his church. He, and Henry Clifford, had held the living 97 years between them. Upon NVilliain Rawley 's death the college presented Francis Wilford, D.D. IGGO, master, and dean of Ely, 22nd June, 1()()7, who died the 18th of the next month, and could hardly, therefore, have done anything towards taking pos- session. John Spencer^ D.D. 1GG5, fellow, was instituted to the rectory, 23rd July, 1GG7, a few days only before his election to the mas- tership. He was successively archdeacon of Sudbury, and pre- bend, and dean, of Ely. John Spencer was not only a lover of learning himself, but a great encourager of it in others. He published a sermon entitled The Rightmus Ruler, which had been l)reached at St Mary's, Cambridge, 2Sth June, 1660 : A Discourse concerning Prodigies in 1GG3: A Discourse concerning Vulgar Prophecies in 1665: Dissertatio de Urirn et Thummim in 1669; and in 1685 his celebrated work De Legihus Hebrworum Rituali- 1 See Lord Campbell's Hist, of the Lord Chancellors of England, Vol. iii. l.p. 5, 142. 12 IIG bus et eariim Ptationibus'^ . John Spencer was a very great bene- factor to his college, both during his life, and at his death ; indeed, he is said to have ' far exceeded all former benefactors/ He also remembered in his will the parish of Landbeach, ' where he had been a preacher,"* bequeathing to it the sum of five pounds-. An eno-ravinff of hiai was made some time back from a half- length contemporary portrait by Vandermyn'' preserved in the master''s lodge. He died 27th May, 1693*. His living, however, he had resigned ten years previously on behalf of his nephew, and curate, William Spencer, fellow, who was instituted 18th September, li383, the same year in which he took his master of arts degree. He died in 1688, having held the rectory only five years. Mr ]\[asters remarks, that the college was thus a gainer by the arrangement between himself, and his uncle. John Jolland, M.A. 1683, fellow, was his curate. . John Govij, B.D. 1683, 'a most useful fellow of the college,"* succeeded William Spencer, and was instituted 22nd October, 1688. JNIichael Hart, B.A., of Caius college, was his curate in 1680. John Cory was one of the proctors for the clergy of this diocese in several Convocations. The university Collection has a copy of verses by him on the death of Anne, duchess of York, in 1671. Together with the rectory of Landbeach he held the vicarage of Impington from March, 1715-6 to his death. In the reign of James II, John Spencer, the master, being then in the decline of life, it was feared, and, as it turned out, not unreasonably, that the manuscripts left to the college by Archbishop Parker might fall into the hands of the Roman Catholics, and be destroyed. John Cory, who was well ^ There are verses by him in the university Collection on the death of Henrietta Maria, queen dowager, in 1669. 2 Baker's i»f5'/S'. Vol. xxvi. pp. 281, &c. ^ Bryan's Dictionarij of Painters and Engravers, Vol. ii. p. 114. • * Calainy's Abridgement of Mr Baxter's History of his Life and Times, Vol. n. p. 118 ; Nichols' Literary Anecdotes, Vol. iv. pp. 25, 26 ; Vol. v. p. 281. 117 skilled In old writing, was employed, therefore, at the instance of Dr Tenison, formerly fellow, afterwards archbishop of Canter- bury, to copy some of those relating to the establishment of the Protestant religion. The transcript made by him was presented to the dean and chapter of Ely^ His eldest son, John, became vicar of Waterbeach in 1721, and succeeded him in the vicarage of Impington on his death, 17th September, 1727. John Cory, like the majority of his predecessors, was buried in the chancel of his church under a large free stone by the side of the altar ^. John MicMehourgh^ B.D. 172-1, was instituted 22nd November, 1727. In 1718 he had been elected professor of Chemistry in the university. In 1720 the dean and chapter of Ely had presented him to the vicarage of St Andrew the Great in Cambridge, which livino; he held with Landbeach until his death. In the parish of St Andrew the Great he afterwards built a house, (at the corner of Emmanuel Lane,) and generally resided, though, on obtaining the rectory of Landbeach from the college, he expended some money on the parsonage, and lived there a short time. In 1753 he procured through Bishop Gooch the requisite dispen- sation for holding likewise the vicarage of Impington, to which he had just been presented by the dean and chapter of Ely. John Micklebourgh married soon after becoming rector of Landbeach. Having lost his wife, wlio was buried, 4th February, 1749-50, after the enjoyment of uninterrupted happiness with her for the space of twenty years, he bore testimony to the fact in the follow- ing Latin verses : — - Quadrigami, trigami'', cleri sunt; atque vocantur Hsedi, quadrupedes, et sine mente ferae. Non ego : prima mihi conjux fuit ultima, quippe Quam bona prima fuit, tam bona nulla datur, ^ It is no longer in their possession, which is of little moment, since the originals still remain uninjured. ^ Nichols' Illustrations of Literature, Vol. vi. p. 805. 3 These epithets arc supposed to allude to Dr Thomas, bishop of Lincoln 118 John Micklebourgh published in 175 J a sermon, which he had preached before the mayor and corporation of Cambridge, recommending the founding of a workhouse. lie was one of the proctors to Convocation for the diocese of Ely. He died 11th May, 1756, when he was buried at Landbeach, as his wife had been before him. Ilis benefactions to Caius college were so great, that a commemoration is annually kept for him on 1st February. He was succeeded, 1 6th September, by Robert Masters^ B.D. 1746, fellow, who was great grandson of Sir William ]\Iastcrs, Bart, of Cirencester. Soon afterwards ]\Ir ^Masters became also vicar of Linton. Bishop Mawson, who had been master of the college, and who, therefore, had collated him to the latter living, permitted him, however, after being in possession of it for a few months, to exchange it for the neigh- bouring, and more convenient, vicarage of NVatcrbeach. He held Waterbeach from 2nd August, 1759 to 26th May, 1784, when he resigned it in favour of his only son William. Mr Masters likewise resigned the rectory of Landbeach in 1797, one year before his own decease, in order to facilitate an arrangement with the college, designed to enable his intended son-in-law, Mr Bur- roughes, senior fellow of Caius college, to succeed him, the living offered in exchannre beinnp the consolidated rectories of Bincombe and Broadway in Dorsetshire, which chanced to be then vacant. He continued to reside at the rectory-house of Landbeach. He was deputy to the chancellor of the diocese, William Compton, Es(i. LL.D., of Caius college, who lived abroad. Mr Masters died oth July, 1798, and was buried in the churchyard of Land- beach, directly under the east window. An engraving of him and Bishop Gooch of Ely, tlic former having been four times, and the latter thrice, married. The verses were first designed to serve as an epitaph for Mrs Mickle1)ourgh, and had been cut on stone at Cambridge ready to be fixed up ; but ' the absurdity of them getting wind in the University, where they were nuich ridiculed, he thought proper to suppress them.' Cole's MSS. yo\. VII. p. 102 h; Nichols' Illustrntions nf Literature, Vol. iv. p. 520. 119 exists, made by an artist named Facius from a drawing in 1796 by the Rev. Thomas Kerrich, a most intimate friend, librarian to the university of Cambridge. He found the rectory-house, and chancel of the church, in a bad condition, notwithstanding the money, which had been laid out upon them by his predecessor, so that it cost him £5 GO, or more, to repair them satisfactorily. Mr Masters published only one sermon, The Mischiefs of Faction and ReheUion considered, preached at Great and Little Wilbraham, 13th October, 1745. He is chiefly known as an antiquarian from his valuable History of the college put forth by parts in 1753, and 17.j5, 'the most complete account ever published of any college in either university, and upon the best plan.' To the Archceologia Mr Masters contributed three Articles, In 1784, he printed Memoirs of the Life and Writinffs of the late Rev. Thomas BaJcer, B.D. (Divi Johannis socius ejectus), from the papers of Dr Zachary Grey^ icith a Catalogue of his MS. Collec- tions; and in 1790 A Catalogue of the several Pictures in the Puhlick Lihrary and respective Colleges in the University of Cambridge. His last work was A short Account of the Parish of Waterbeach in the Diocese of Ely hy a late Vicar, M.DCO.XCV., with a slight sketch of Denney Abbey; but of this merely a few copies were printed, as presents for his friends'. Thomas Coole Burroughes, ]M.A., 1781, president of Caius college, was instituted by exchange, 28th August, 1797. He con- stantly resided at Landbeach ; and having been rector for nearly twenty-four years, died very suddenly, 23rd April, 1821. He was buried in the chancel of the church. His wife 3Iary survived him a very long time, dying in 1859, at the advanced age of 96 years, in the parish of Gazeley, where she was buried. 1 See a Hhtorji of the same parish by the present vicar, published in 1859, p. G9. Tliere is an account of Mr ]\Iasters, and his writings, in Nichols'^ Literary Anecdotes, Vol. i. pp. G87, 088 ; Ibid. Vol. iii. pp. 479, &c. ', Nicliols' Illustrations of Literature, Vol. vi. pp. 802, G96, 707, 739, 742; AVarburton's Life of Horace Walpole, Vol. ii. pp.412, 426; Lamb, pp. 395, 390. 120 Edimrd Addison^ B.D. 1807, fellow, was presented to the rectory, 5th May, 1821. Tie was a regular resident on his living, and put the parsonage, and farm buildings, into a perfect state of repair at an expence of £1334. He died 28th May, 1843, and was buried at Landbeach, being succeeded, 6th October following, by John Tinkler, B.D., 1837, fellow and tutor, the present rector. Mr Tinkler, like several of his predecessors, laid out, soon after his induction, large sums of money upon the rectory-house, and the chancel of the church, which are both now in good condition. MEASUREMENTS OF LANDBEACH Internal Lenjjth Length of Chancel . Breadth of ditto Height of Chancel Arch Length of Nave Breadth of ditto Height of Side Walls of ditto Ditto of Nave Arches Breadth of ditto Ditto of North Aisle Ditto of South Aisle Entire breadth of Nave and Aisles Length of Tower (inside) . Breadth of ditto Height of Tower Arch Breadth of ditto Height of Battlements of Tower Ditto of AVeathercock CHURCH ft. In. 88 9 26 3 14 4 22 6 50 17 31 3 18 9 8 7 10 6 10 10 41 9 12 6 9 18 6 9 52 9 91 INDEX. Abbat, Richard, rector, 103. Addison, Edward, rector, 71, 120. Agnes, William, 33. Akcman Street, 1, 3, 4, 34, 35. Alcock, Bishop, 72, 73. Aldworth, monuments at, 12. Amnes, Johannes, curate. 111. Arms, in church, Go, G7, 68, 69. in hall of rectory- house, 89. royal, 63, 95, 96. Arundel, Bishop, 67, 69. Atte Church, John, rector, 103. Avenel, Sir Robert, 14, 48. John, 14, 100. William, 14, 48, 102. Sir John, 14, 48, 50, 103. Aunger, Nicolas, will of, 89. B. Bacon, Sir Francis, 114, 115. Badslcy, William, chanty of, 42, 44, Baldok, do, William, 24. Balsar's Hill, 10. Barker, Sir John, 25, 28. Barnwell, prior of, 46, 51, 54, 55, 59, 107. Bath, Anglo-Saxon name of, 3. Bee, Bech, meaning of, 5. Beche, de, Helen, 12. Aleyn, 12, 17, 47, 100. Sir Everard, 13. Robert, 13, 17, 21, 100. Helen, 8, 14, 18, 48. Isabel, 14, 102. Beche, de la, family of, 12. Beche way, 3. Bell, sacring and sanctus, what, 76. Bells, church, 63, 76. Bendysh, Edmund, 21. Bere, Ic, Geoffry, 14, IS. John, 14, 18, 48, 100. Godyn, Godfrid, 8, 14. John, 14, 101. Stephen, 14, 17, 19. Bermondsey, prior of, 51. Berningham, de, T., rector, 102. Blacuin, sheriff, 6, 8. Bodneye, Thomas, rector, 20, 21, 106. Boland, John, curate, 115. Bonsalle, Richard, curate, 76, 111. Bordarii, who, 6, 8. Bourne, barony of, 10, 12, 46. Bradcfeld, Thomas, 20, 106. Bray, manor of, 8, 23. origin of name, 16. Bray, de, Hugh, 23, 51. Agnes, 23, 24, 26. Brocher, Richard, charity of, 41. rector, 107. Brooke, Thomas, chaplain, 44, 107. Bullocks, meaning of, 61. Burial fees, 61, 85, 95. 122 Burroughcs, T. C. rector, 43, 70, 89, 119. Butt, how much, 27. Buttery of the rectory-house, 52, 90. Q Calves, 57. Cambridge, castle of, 3, 9, 21. Cambridge, do, Thomas, 103. Camping close, 60. Campion, John, rector, 104, 105. Car Dyke, 1, 5. Cartwrights of the king, 7, 8, 9, 23. Carucate, how much, 6, 8. Castleacre, Sir William, 20, lOG. Chamberlaync, manor of, 8, 17. Charaberlayne, le, Sir Walter, 15, 18, 48, 101. Henry, 15. Robert, 15. Alice, 15. Thebauil, rector, 101. Walter, 15, 17, 21, 65, 101. John, rector, 101. Henry, 16, 19, 27, 48, 6G, 85, 103. Sir Thomas, 16, 19, 48, 65, 85, 90, 114. Chapel, north, 02, 66. Chaplain, duties of, 88. Charity, Swayne's, 39. Rychard's, 39. Clerk's, 40. Knyghte's, 40. Brocher's, 41. Feesson's, 41. Thomas Lane's, 41. Henry Lane's, 41. Robert Lane's, 41. Michel's, 42. Badsley's, 42, 44. Vipers', 42. Ilutton's, 43, 44. Masters', 43. Charity trusts, 44, 46. Chrisom, meaning of, 84. Church, account of, 61. ancient furniture of, 74. architecture of, 62. before the Reformation, 73. brasses in, 71. cavity in pillar of, 64. chest in, G6. collections in, 80. earlier, 67, 71, 72, 74. founder of, 62, 65, 67. goods in, 75, 77. lot, 38, 45, 93. measurements of, 120. pulpit of, 72, 92. repairs of, 73. Churchwardens, accounts of, 45, 92. names of, 38, 76. Churchyard, 78. Clerk, Johannes, capellanus, 39, 44, 45, 107. Adam, rector, 44, 54, 68, 106. Thomas, charity of, 40. CliflFord, Henry, rector, 63, 55, 57, 69, 81, 113, 115. Cobbe, Thomas, rector, 110. Cock fen, 3, 35. Coffin, stone, 71. Cole, John, will of, 37. Cole, William, 5, 12, 62, 69, 101. Communion, bread and wine for, 96. plate, 75, 77, 78. Cop, meaning of, 55. Cory, John, rector, 23, 26, 60, 70, 71, 116. Cosyn, Thomas, rector, 22, 62, 74, 86, 107. Cottarii, who, 6, 8. Court Rolls, 22. 123 Crosses, village, 13, 33, 37. Crypt of rectory-house, 90. Curols, what, 114. Cuttyng, John, rector, 109. D. Demesne, let out, 20, 23. size of, 20, 21. stocked by the college, 22. Denney, abbess of, 85, 86. convent of, 85, 86, 107. Dog-whippors, who, 93, 96. Domesday Book, 6, 7, 8, 10. Door of carved oak, 72. Dornyx, what, 76. Dove houses, 61. E. Edward the Confessor, 6, 7, 9. Eltisle, 101, 104. Eltisle, de, Robert, 104, 105. Thomas (uncle), rector, 19, 49, 104, 105. Thomas (nephew),rector,104. Ely, abbot of, 7, 9, 11. farthings, 31, 96, 99. Erasmus, 32. F. Feast-day, 37. Fees, 58, 61, 85, 95. Feesson, Alicia, charity of, 41. Ferlcs, do, John, 18, 48. Fields, names of, 29. Font, 71, 75. Frankincense, 92, 98. Free warren of abbess of Dennoy, 86. Cambridge castle, 9. Friars mendicant, 85, 87, 108. Frith fen, 38, 45, 53, 56, 58. G. Girton, 9, 26, 105. Glascoke, William, curate, 113. Glass, painted, 67, 73. Gonel, William, 32. Gooch, Bishop, 61, 117, 118. Goose-house, 2, 3, 4, 33. Gotobed, Henry, verses on, 83. Greye, Robert, will of, 88. Green, village, 36. Guild-hall, 38, 79. Guilds in the church, 73, 87, 88. H. Hall of the rectory-house, 89. Halytreholme, Robert, chaplain, 86. Halywell, John, curate, 89, 110. Hart, Michael, curate, 116. Hearse, what, 78, 93. Herdewick, de, John, rector, 102. Hide, how much, 6, 8. Horwode, de, William, 48, 104, 105. Howe, John, chaplain, 88, 109. Howes, hamlet of, 96. Howson, George, curate, 111. Hutton, Mr, family of, 81, 110. Katharine, charity of, 43, 44. Jegon, Thomas, master, 114. Images in the church, 73, 86, 87, 88. Impington, 1, 26, 36, 61, 116, 117. John, King, 9, 13, 100. Johnson, Henry, curate, 111. Jolland, John, curate, 116. Jui'dan, William, curate, 115. K. Kelingworth, Edward, chaplain, 52. Kerych (Keterich), William, 24, 85. 124 Kilborne, Richard, chaplain, 88, 109. King's Book, 52, 63. King's Hedges, 3. Kirkby, John, 25, 26, 88. Richard, 25, 27, 38, 83, 87. Robert, 25, 41, 87, 88. Knarcsborough, de, R. chaplain, 87. Knight (Knyt), meaning of, 31. Knight's fee, 14, 21, 27. Knyghte, charity of, 40. Kynne, John, master, 20, 49, 106. L. Lambeth, 104, 113. Lancaster, duke of, Henry, 17. John, 17, 20. Land, quahty of, 29. Landbcach, assessment of, 30. boundaries of, 1. description of, 29, 36, 79. feast-day of, 37. gentry in, 31. inclosure of, 30. inhabitants in, 31. meaning of, 5, 6. old inliabitants of, 4, 6. village of, 33, 36. Lane, Alice, will of, 88. Edward, will of, 66, 88. Henry, charity of, 41. Henry, senior, will of, 86. John, will of, 73, 87. Robert, charity of, 41. Thomas, charity of, 41. will of, 87. Lee, de la, Sir John, 19, 105. Leverington, dc, Adam, rector, 49, 68, 100. Liber Elicnsis, 6, 10. L'Isle, de. Bishop, 07, 09, 91. London, de, Richard, rector, 48, 100, 101. Thomas, 100. William, rector, 51, 100. Lynton, Gregory, will of, 89. M. Macer, what, 86. Mannebye, de, L. rector, 100. Manor of Bray, lords of, 23. size of, 20, 30. Manor of Chamberlayno, lords of, 17. size of, 20, 21, 22, 30. Margaret, countess of Richmond, 08. Mariebourgh, Thomas, clerk, 8. Masters, Mary, 119. Robert, rector, 15, 23, 29, 34, 43, 58, 59, 64, 67, 72, 78, 89, 118. William, 79. Mawson, Bishop, 34, 118. Michel, charity of, 42. Micklebourgh, John, rector, 31, 60, 69, 70, 117. Mrs, 70, 117. Milton, 1, 9, 20, 33, 35, 36, 37, 61, 63, 87. Montacute, Bishop, 16, 101, 102. Monument in church, 65. Munns, Sarah, gift of, 83. N. Neketon, do, John, rector, 106. Nobys, Peter, rector, 108. O. Offerings, how much, 54. Offyngton, de, David, rector, 101. Oxen, price of, 22. 125 P. Page, Thomas, will of, 88. Parish clerk, payment of, 79. Parish ckrks, names of, 79, 81, 84. Parish registers, account of, 80. entries in, 81, 83. sponsors' names in, 82. virses in, 83. Parker, Matthew, rector, 22, 27, 32, 52, 91, 110, 111. Parlour of the rectory-house, 52, G7, 90. Parsons, Thomas, of Ely, 33. Pascal-candle, 54. Peche, de, Gilbert, 12. Hamon, 11, 17, 21. Pelham, Brent, (Burnt), 15, 19. Pepys, Talbot, 82. Pers de Cantebrig., rector, 12, 100. Peverel, de, Payne, 11, 13, 46. Sir William, 11,12, 17,47,100. Picot, the sheriff, 6, 7, 8, 10, 17, 46. his character, 11. Robert, 11, 47. Pictures in the church, 68, 73, 87. Plague of 1349, 102, 1578, 81, 1666, 115. Pontage, what, 21. Poor men's box, 77, 89, 92. Porye, John, rector, 45, 111, 112. Preachers, licensed, 69, 110, 113. Pupilla Oculi, 86. Pykerynge, Mast., curate, 87, 109. R. Racclyffe, Elizabeth, will of, 87. William, 25, 74, 87. Rawley, W., rector, 60, 69, 95, 99, 1 14. Rectory, appropriation of, 49. house, 53, 89. patronage of, 47, 48. payments from, 58, 59, 61. privileges of, 56. property of, 53, 55. value of, 50, 60, 61. Registrar of births, &c., 82. Road to Ely, account of, 3, 4, 33. opposition to, 34. Road to Impington, &c. 35. Roman colonists, 4. remains, 1, 4. Rood-beam, 81. Rood-loft at Guilden Morden, 73. Landbeach, 81, 88. Ry chard, Johannes, charity of, 39. William, will of, 86. S. Sance bell, what, 92. School-house, 36, 43, 44, 92, 95. Scutage, what, 11. Sepulchre light, 87, 88. Serfs, 8, 105. Seyntwary, J. rector, 22, 86, 107, 108. Sheep-walks, 27, 29. Sidesmen, 94. Sir, use of, 103. Slab, incised, 24. raised cross, 71. Smithe, Robert, will of, 89. Smoke farthings, 31, 96, 99. Soc, what, 7, 9, 29. Sowode, William, rector, 23, 38, 63, 58, 88,91, 110. 126, Spencer, John, rector, 115. William, rector, 116. St JEd^l of Ely, 7. St Benedict in Cambridge, 15, 32, G3, 105, 108. St James, altar of, 88. lamp of, 40, 73. Stationer, what, 48. Stowe, de, John, rector, 75, 85, 102. William, 102. Stretham cross, 37. ferry, 4, 33. parish, 1, 10. Stukeley, Dr, 2, 4, 5. Swan, name of, 39. Swayn, John, charity of, 39. will of, 86. Sweating sickness, 111. T, Taxations of livings, 50. Taylor, family of, 33, 37, 42. Tempsford, 24, 66. Thomas in the Ilerne, chaplain, 102. Thorpe, George, curate, 1 15. Thurlowe, William, will of, 89. Tinkler, John, rector, 36, 44, 79, 89, 90, 120. Tournaments bad for study, 16. Town houses, 43. Tower of church, arms on, 62. Tradition, false, 2. Trental, meaning of, 88. V. Vestry-meetings, women at, 66. Village, lords of, 27, 28. Villani, who, 6, 8. Vipors, John, charity of, 42. Virgate, how much, 6, 8. Utbech, meaning of, 6. W. Walpol, de, Richard, rector, 101. Warde, John, will of, 88. Warth pennies, what, 21. Waterbeach, 1, 9, 15, 26, 86, 100, 105, 117. Waterbeach cum Denney, manor of, 30. Wengham, de. Bishop, 101. Whalleye, W., rector, 82, 89, 112. Whitmore, 89, 90. Wickstead, John, Esq., 69. Wilford, Francis, master, 115. William, rector, 100. William I., King, 6, 7, 9, 10, 17. Willows, 57. Wills, 85. Woodward, T. chaplain, 44, 107. Wood- work, carved, 72. Worts, William, 26. Worts' estate, 4, 26, 36, 37, 44. Wyllys, Agnes, will of, 87. Wysett, John, curate, 52, 108. Y. Yardland, how much, 8. Younge, Dr, 112. Z. Zouch, 89, 90. CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. I PUBLICATIONS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. QUARTO SERIES. NO. I. A Catalogue of the Original Library of St Catharine's Hall, 1475. By the Rev. G. E. Corrie, D.D. Is.Gd. II. Abbreviata Cronica. By J. J. Smith, M.A. 2^. 6d. III. An Account of the Consecration of Archbishop Parker. By J. Goodwin, B.D. 3*. 6d. IV. & V. Heraldry in illustration of University and Collegiate Anti- quities. By H. A. Woodham, M.A. 9s. 6d. VI. & VIII. A Catalogue of MSS. and scarce Books in St John's Col- lege Library. 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