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 j/>i 
 
TllK 
 
 4 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 Fond du Lac County, 
 
 WISCONSIN, 
 
 CONTAIMNG 
 
 A HISTORY OF FOND DU LA(' COUNTY, ITS EARLY SETTLEMENT, GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, RESOURCES, 
 ETC., ETC., AN EXTENSIVE AND MINUTE SKETCH OF ITS CITIES, THEIR IMPROVEMENTS, 
 INDUSTRIES, MANUFACTORIES, CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, SOCIETIES, ETC., ETC., WAR 
 RECORD, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT MEN AND 
 EARLY SETTLERS, ETC., ETC., ETC.; ALSO HISTORY OF WISCONSIN, 
 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES AND OF 
 WISCONSIN, CONDENSED ABSTRACT OF 
 LAWS OF WISCONSIN, MISCELLA- 
 NEOUS. ETC., ETC. 
 
 XLXiXJSTS.J^T:E 3D. 
 
 C H I C A U O : 
 yWESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY. 
 
 MDCCCLXXX. 
 
\,." PREFACE. 
 
 . 1(i2 5f) 
 
 IN presenting this history to the citizens of Fond du Lac County, the desire is to place 
 upon record whatever incidents of importance have transpired in this region since its 
 first settlement, and that, too, in a reliable manner and in permanent form. 
 
 As preliminary to the annals of the county, a brief sketch of Wisconsin is given, includ- 
 ing its Antiquities, Indian tribes, pre-Territorial times, its Territorial history, and an outline 
 of the diiferent Administrations since the State was admitted into the Union. This, it is 
 thought, will prove attractive to the reader. It is followed by articles on Topography and 
 Geology of Wisconsin ; on its Climatology, Trees, Shrubs and Vines ; its Educational Inter- 
 ests, Agriculture, Mineral Resources and Railroads ; on its Lumber Manufacture, Banking, 
 Commerce and Manufactures ; the Public Domain, and the Health of the State. All these 
 articles are by able Wisconsin writers. Following these, are Statistics of the State, and an 
 Abstract of its Laws and Constitution, and of the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 Facts and figures, incidents and reminiscences, anecdotes and sketches are given in the 
 county history, with a variety and completeness commensurate with their importance. This 
 has necessitated a persevering effort ; but the labor has been lessened by the cordial assist- 
 ance of many friends to the enterpi'ise, to all of whom our grateful acknowledgments are 
 tendered. They have enabled us to give the prasent generation, it is believed, a valuable 
 reflex of the times and deeds of pioneer days, and to the pioneer men and women a lasting 
 monument. Many of those still living have kindly extended their aid. To them, as well 
 as to the Press and Pulpit, and also to the ofiicers of the State Historical Society, we desire 
 to express our sincere thanks for numerous favors received at their hands. 
 
 Aprii,, 18801 THE PUBLISHERS. 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 
 CLLVKR. PAGK, HOVNE * CO., PRINTKES. 
 
 tin AMD 12U MONKOK S'l-llKKT. 
 
/ 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 CONl^ENTS. 
 
 3f 
 
 Antiquities 19 
 
 Indian Tribes 21 
 
 Pre -Territorial Annals 29 
 
 Wisconsin Terrltorj' 41 
 
 Wisconsin asaStato 52 
 
 First Administration 52 
 
 Seconil Administration^ 67 
 
 Third Administration 59 
 
 Fourth Administration 62 
 
 Fifth Administration 64 
 
 Sixth Administration 66 
 
 Seventh Administration 07 
 
 War of Secession Commenced 69 
 
 Eiglith Administration 76 
 
 Ninth Administration 85 
 
 Statistics of Volunteers 9(i 
 
 Tenth Administration 92 
 
 Eleventh Administration iCi 
 
 Twelfth Administration 91 
 
 Thirteenth Administration 97 
 
 Fourteenth Administration 99 
 
 Fifteenth Administration 104., 
 
 Sixteenth Administration lOtf 
 
 Topography and Geologj- lip , 
 
 The Archjean Age IIS 
 
 Paleozoic Time — Silurian Age lio 
 
 Devonian Age .219 
 
 Glacial Period .^20 
 
 Climatology ^.121 
 
 Trees, Shrubs and Vines J.. 128 
 
 Fauna /...134 
 
 Fish and Fish Culture J....i:i4 
 
 Large Animals — Time of their I)jBai>- 
 
 pearanco /. \'-)% 
 
 Peculiarities of the Bird Fauna..,/. i:i9 
 
 Ediicational J 140 
 
 Original School Coile ./ 140 
 
 Agitation for Free Schools 1. 141 
 
 School System under State /Govern- 
 ment 1 141 
 
 School Fund Income / 142 
 
 State University ^ 143 
 
 Agricultural College 144 
 
 Normal Schools 144 
 
 Teachers' Institutes 146 
 
 Graded Schools 146 
 
 HIST09T OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Educational^ 
 
 Township System 146 i 
 
 Free Htch Schools 147 
 
 SchooVUffices 147 j 
 
 State Teachers' Certificates , 147 
 
 Teacoi'i-s' Associations 148 
 
 Libriries 148 , 
 
 Stato Superintendents 148 
 
 College Sketches 149 ' 
 
 Fcpmie Colleges luO ' 
 
 Aflademies and Seminaries 151 
 
 (pmmercial Schools 151 
 
 Agritnllure 151 
 
 Mineral Resources 162 
 
 fLead and Zinc 162 
 
 /irun 165 
 
 :' Copper 1G8 
 
 / Gold and Silver 168 
 
 Brick Clays 168 
 
 Cement Ilock 170 
 
 Umostone— Glass Sand 171 j 
 
 Peat— Building Stones 172 
 
 Railroads 173 I 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 17:J ' 
 
 Chicago & Northwestern 176 
 
 " Wisconsin Central... 178 
 
 Western Union 179 
 
 West Wisconsin 180 
 
 Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western 180 
 
 Green Bay & Minnesota 181 
 
 Wiecunsin Valley 181 
 
 Sh^boygan k Fond du Lac 181 
 
 Mineral Point 183 
 
 Madison it Portage 182 
 
 North Wisconsin 183 
 
 Prairie du Chien & McGregor 183 
 
 Chippewa Falls <fc Western .183 
 
 Nan-ow Gange 18:! 
 
 Conclusion 184 
 
 Lumber 185 \ 
 
 Banking 191 
 
 Commerce and Manufactures 198 \ 
 
 Furs ; 190 ' 
 
 Lend and Zinc — Iron 200 
 
 Lumber 201 1 
 
 Gniin 202 ' 
 
 Paue. 
 
 (Aiuinierce and Manufacturt*a ; 
 
 Dairy Products 2o;i 
 
 Pork and Beef. 203 
 
 Hops 204 
 
 Tobacco — Cranberries 205 
 
 Liquors 205 
 
 Miscellaneous 206 
 
 Water Powers 20G 
 
 Manufactures 208 
 
 Conclusion ■ 208 
 
 The PublicDomain 210 
 
 Health 230 
 
 Geographical Position 230 
 
 Physical Features 230 
 
 Geology 2S1 
 
 Dniinage 232 
 
 Climatology 232 
 
 Rain Cliara'cter 233 
 
 Isotherms 234 
 
 Barometrical 2^i4 
 
 Winds 235 
 
 Climatological Changes from Settling 
 
 in the State 235 
 
 Influence of Nationalities 237 
 
 Occupations— Food— Education, etc 238 
 
 History of Disease .238 
 
 Ratio of Sickness, Ft. Howard and Win- 
 nebago 239 
 
 Education of the Blind 241 
 
 Institute of Deaf uml Dumb 241 
 
 Industrial School for Boys 242 
 
 State Prison ". 242 
 
 State Hospital for the Insane 242 
 
 Northern Hospital for the Insane 243 
 
 City of Milwaukee 243 
 
 Health Regi>rts 244 
 
 Change of Diseases 240 
 
 Pulmonary Diseases 248 
 
 Statistics 241t 
 
 Population, 1875, of Townships, Alpha- 
 betically Arranged by Counties 249 
 
 Population by Counties 258 
 
 Nativity by Counties 269 
 
 Valuation of Property 260 
 
 Acreage of Principal Crops 261, 262 
 
 ABSTRACT OF WlSfOXSI^I STATE KA\V$!i. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Actions 283 
 
 Arrest 283 
 
 Attachment 284 
 
 Adoption of Children 276 
 
 Assignment of Mortgnge 274 
 
 Assessment and Collection of Taxes 267 
 
 Aseessmentof Taxes 268 
 
 Bills of Exchange or Promissory Notes 272 
 
 Borrowed Money 267 
 
 Capital Punishment 278 
 
 Collection of Taxes 270 
 
 Commercial Terms 285 
 
 •Common Schools 266 
 
 Damages for Trespass 279 
 
 Pack. 
 
 Elections and Geuei-al Elections 26^» 
 
 Estrays 279 
 
 Exemptions 284 
 
 Fences 280 
 
 Forms of Conveyances 273 
 
 Forms of Mortgages 274 
 
 Garnishment 284 
 
 Highways and Bridges 27(t 
 
 Hours of Labor 273 
 
 Interest 27' 
 
 I Page. 
 Landlord an. I iVnmii 281 
 
 I Limitation of Aiitions 285 
 
 I Marks and Bmnds ...281 
 
 Married Women 283 
 
 Stay Law 284 
 
 Surveyors and Surrevs .« 282 
 
 Support of Poor - 282 
 
 Suggestions to Persons Purchasing Books 
 by Subscription , 285 
 
 '. Title of Real Property by Descent 275 
 
 Intoxicating Liquoi-s 271 Weights and Measures 27!:' 
 
 Judgments 284 , Wills 276 
 
 Jurisdiction of Courts 277 i Wolf Scalps 278 
 
 Jurors 278 I 
 
 Page. 
 
 Wisconsin Sta'-e Constitution 287 
 
 U. S. Constitution 297 
 
 HliSC' Klili A]!li R017.S. 
 
 Page. 
 Vote of Wisconsin for Governor and Presi- 
 dent 306-307 
 
 Population of the Stttte.. 
 
 Paoc. 
 308 
 
IV 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 HISTORY OF FO:VI> nv I.A€ COUNTY, 
 
 Page. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— Topography, El.-vationg of 
 Different Points, Artesian Wells, Water 
 Powers, Geological Formations, Phys- 
 ical FeatuFG'i :J00 
 
 CHAPTER II.— Ancient Earth Work?, 
 Indian Occupancy, Early French 
 Traders, United States Land Surveys, 
 Cnited States Land Districts, Fond du 
 Lac Company, Origin of the Name 
 Fond du Lac, An Early Trip to the 
 Head of Winnebago Jiake, First Settle- 
 ment in Fond du Lac County 324 
 
 CHAPTER IIL—"Tho01d Military Road" 
 and Other Early Highways, Pioneer 
 Life. Fond du Lac County Boundaries 
 Established, Early Political History, 
 Fond du Lac County on Early Jlaps, 
 Organization of the Ci>unty, Pioneei- 
 Reminiscences :i.'iy 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— Territorial District Court 
 and State Circuit Court, Municipal 
 Court of the City and Town of Ripon, 
 C*>uiity Court, Coimtv Officei-s from 
 t8:iy to 1S8{), County Board of Super- 
 visors, Territoi'ial. State and National 
 Representation. Navigation of Lake 
 Winnebago, Wisconsin Phalanx :iS4 
 
 (CHAPTER v.— Fond du Lac County 
 Bil'le Society, County Court House 
 and Jail, County Poor Farm and Build- 
 ings, Agriculture in Fond du La'' 
 County, The Dairying Interests of 
 Fond du Lac County, Countv Agrirult- 
 
 Paoe. 
 ural and Meehanical Society, Ripon 
 Agricultural As^ociatio'.. Plank Roads, 
 Kailroaf's.Fonddu Laciounty a Quar- 
 ter of a Century Ago, A Terrible 
 Disaster ,.. 409 
 
 CHAPTER VI.— The Press of Fond du 
 Lac County, Some of Food du Lac 
 County's Illustrious Dead. " Indian 
 Scare," First Things, County -Statistics, 
 Prosperity of the County, Political 
 Parties, Ripon College 439 
 
 CHAPTER VII.— A Divorce Refused, Ori- 
 gin of the Republican Party,(ild Set- 
 tlers'Club of Fond du Lac County, Com- 
 mon Schools, Literature and thi' Fine 
 Arts, Fond du Lac County's War 
 Record. A Retrospect 513 
 
 CHAPTER VIII.— City of Fond ou Lac. 
 — Past and Present, Aborigines, Eiirly 
 Settlement, Village of Fond du Liic, 
 City of Fond du Lac Incorporated, 
 City Onicers, 1852-1879, City of Fond 
 du Lac a Quarter of a Century Ago, 
 Fond du Lac Post Office, Fire Depart- 
 ment, City Lock-Up. Artfsian Wells, 
 Gas Works, Schools, Bonded Indebted- 
 ness, Public Halls, Hotels, Benevolent 
 Institutions and Societies, Literary 
 and other Societies, Public Library, 
 Secret Societies, Churches, Banks. 
 Manufacturing Interests, Yacht Clubs, 
 Conflagrations, Rienzi Cemetery, 
 Floods and Fre.shets, Incidents and 
 
 Pagb. 
 First Things, Early Times in Fond du 
 Lac 5G'> 
 
 CHAPTER IX.— City of Ripon.- First 
 Owners of Ripon, Early Settleraect, 
 Ripun's Early Progress, City Incor- 
 porated, City Ofticors 18pS to 18S0, 
 Post Office, Public Schools, Ripon 
 Water-power, Fire Department. Gas- 
 Works, Hotels of Ripon, Public Halls, 
 Churches of Ripon, Banks, Secret 
 Societies, Benevolent, Literary and 
 other Societies, Manufacturing Inter- 
 ests, Ripon Ometeries, Conflagra- 
 tions, Ripon's Figtiting Career, " Tlie 
 Booth War," First Things, Growth of 
 the City, Ripon of To-Day 663 
 
 CHAPTER X.— City of Wauptn.- First 
 Settlement, Meaning of the word 
 Wanpun, First Events, Growth of 
 Waupun, Village and aty OfficeTs 
 1S.OT-1S79, A Reminiscence, Churches, 
 Waupun a Quarter of a Century Ago, 
 Secret Societies, Waupun Pioneers, 
 Manufactories, Banks, Old Settlers' 
 Club, Waupun Library Association, 
 Wisconsin State Prison, Waupun a 
 Dozen Years Ago, Waupun Fire Com- 
 pany No. 1, Dodge County Mutual 
 Insurance Company, A Contrast, 
 Waupun Schools, the Post Omce. 
 Waupun Agricultural and Mechanical 
 Association, Cemeteries, Public Halls, 
 Hotels, Fun in Ye Olden Time G95 
 
 (■HAPTER XI.— Towns and Villages 733 
 
 Pagk. 
 
 Aldrich, .Tas. F...'.: fi29 
 
 Altliouse, M.J „ .-. 721 
 
 Bragg, Edward S '.. 325 
 
 Bowii-s, S. S 415 
 
 Boardnian. N r.: 370 
 
 Bishop, l< A r,r}[} 
 
 BentiMi.C. H 505 
 
 Brand, W. B 211 
 
 Beach, E. M 937 
 
 Bovay, A. E 523 
 
 Brinkerhoff. .1. H 703 
 
 Conkiiu, H 51 
 
 Carter, Jacob 1156 
 
 Coolidge. J. H 991 
 
 Curtis, Gp". D S6o 
 
 Drury, E. W 99 
 
 Dobbs, J G()7 
 
 Ewen, S 147 
 
 PORTRAITS. 
 
 Pack. 
 
 Eldredge, C. A 343 
 
 Eideamiller, L 847 
 
 Galloway, E H G7v 
 
 Gilaon, N. S f... 649 
 
 Giffin, N. C 397 
 
 Huher, J. C 451 
 
 Hamilton, J 243 
 
 Hamilton, W. C 775 
 
 Hazen, Chester 757 
 
 Kinyon, A 595 /5^umne^, 
 
 Lamb, Dana 115^ Shattuck, H. S 
 
 Mayhan, T. P '..... 631 ^" " 
 
 Meyer,Chas. J. L... 433 
 
 McDonald, John 361 
 
 McDonald, Alex 577 
 
 Moore, M. D 275 
 
 Matteson, B. C Sll 
 
 Pier, Edward 35 
 
 PA<iE. 
 
 Pier, C. K 541 
 
 Perkins, Geo 291 
 
 Pool, \Vm., Jr 973 
 
 Patty, B. S 793 
 
 Plock^r. Win 730 
 
 Russell, Geo. A 910 
 
 Ruggles, A. G 307 
 
 S^ther^a^d, Geo. K 487 
 
 i>tarr, Wm 685 
 
 901 
 
 469 
 
 Sherwin, W. C 1U09 
 
 Town, Bvron 179 
 
 Tallniadge. N, P 83" 
 
 Uphani, C. H S83 
 
 VanDuvne, D. R 013 
 
 Page. 
 
 Alto 1057 
 
 Auburn 9G2 
 
 Ashford 966 
 
 Ryron 1019 
 
 Calumet 1029 
 
 Eldorado I(i24 
 
 Empirts 1012 
 
 BIOCiRAPHICAIi SSKETCHES. 
 
 PAfJE. 
 
 Eden 981 
 
 Fond du Lac 777 
 
 Forest 976 
 
 Friendship , : 935 
 
 Lamartine 1033 
 
 Metomen 1042 
 
 Marshfield 989 
 
 Pagf.. 
 
 Osceola 971 
 
 Oakfield lOOi 
 
 Uipon 8S1 
 
 Rosendale 913 
 
 Springvale... 925 
 
 Taycheedah 997 
 
 Waupun 939 
 
THE IXDIAN TRIBES OF WISCONSIN. 21 
 
 this ancient race and those of modern ones ; the results, however, of these comparisons throw 
 little, if any, light upon "the dark backward and abysm " of mound-building times. 
 
 The evidences of an extinct people of superior intelligence is very strikingly .exhibited in 
 the ancient copper mines of the Lake Superior region. Here are to be found excavations in the 
 solid rock; heaps of rubble and dirt ; copper utensils fashioned into knives, chisels, and spear 
 and arrow-heads; stone hammers; wooden bowls and shovels; props and levers for raising and 
 supporting the mass copper ; and ladders for ascending and descending the pits. These mines 
 were probably worked by people not only inhabiting what is now the State of Wisconsin, but 
 territory farther to the southward. The copper was here obtained, it is believed, which has been 
 found in many places, even as far away as the northern shore of the Gulf of Mexico, wrought 
 into various implements and utensils. But there are no traces in Wisconsin of a " copper age " 
 succeeding a " stone age," discernadle in any prehistoric relics. They all refer alike to one 
 age — the indefinite past ; to one people — the Mound-Builders. 
 
 II.— THE INDIAN TRIBES OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 When, as early, it is believed, as 1634, civilized man first set foot upon the territory now 
 included within the boundaries of Wisconsin, he discovered, to his surprise, that upon this wide 
 area met and mingled clans of two distinct and wide-spread families — the Algonquins and 
 Sioux. The tribes of the former, moving westward, checked the advance of the latter in their 
 excursions eastward. As yet there had been no representatives of the Huron-Iroquois seen west 
 of Lake Michigan — the members of this great family, at that date dwelling in safety in the 
 extensive regions northward and southward of the Erie and Ontario lakes. Already had the 
 French secured a foot-hold in the extensive valley of the St. Lawrence ; and, naturally enough, 
 the chain of the Great Lakes led their explorers to the mouth of Green bay, and up that water- 
 course and its principal tributary, Fox river, to the Wisconsin, an affluent of the Mississippi. 
 On the right, in ascending this bay, was seen, for the first time, a nation of Indians, lighter in 
 complexion than neighboring tribes, and remarkably well formed, now well known as the 
 Menomonees. 
 
 This nation is of Algonquin stock, but their dialect differed so much from the surrounding 
 tribes of the same family, it having strange guttural sounds and accents, as well as peculiar inflec- 
 tions of verbs and other parts of speech, that, for a long time, they were supposed to have a 
 •distinct language. Their traditions point to an emigration from the East at some remote 
 period. When first visited by the French missionaries, these Indians subsisted largely upon wild 
 rice, from which they took their name. The harvest time of this grain was in the month of 
 September. It grew spontaneously in little streams with slimy bottoms, and in marshy places. 
 The harvesters went in their canoes across these watery fields, shaking the ears right and left as 
 they advanced, the grain falling easily, if ripe, into the bark receptacle beneath. To clear it 
 from chaff and strip it of a pellicle inclosing it, they put it to dry on a wooden lattice above a 
 small fire, which was kept up for several days. When the rice was well dried, it was placed 
 in a skin of the form of a bag, which was then forced into a hole, made on purpose, in the 
 ground. They then tread it out so long and so well, that the grain being freed from the chaff, 
 was easily winnowed. After this, it was pounded to meal, or left unpounded, and boiled in 
 water seasoned with grease. It thus became a very palatable diet. It must not be inferred that 
 this was the only food of the Menomonees ; they were adepts in fishing, and hunted with skill 
 the game which abounded in the forests. 
 
 For many years after their discovery, the Menomonees had their homes and hunting 
 
22 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 grounds upon, or adjacent to, the Menomonee river. Finally, after the lapse of a century and a 
 quarter, down to 1760, when the French yielded to the English all claims to the country, the 
 territory of the Menomonees had shifted somewhat to the westward and southward, and their 
 principal village was found at the head of Green bay, while a smaller one was still in existence 
 at the mouth of their favorite stream. So slight, however, had been this change, that the country 
 of no other of the surrounding tribes had been encroached upon by the movement. 
 
 Tn 1634, the Menomonees probably took part in a treaty with a representative of the French, 
 who had thus early ventured so far into the wilds of the lake regions. More than a score of 
 years elapsed before the tribe was agam visited by white men, — that is to say, there are no 
 authentic accounts of earlier visitations. In 1660, Father Rend Menard had penetrated the Lake 
 Superior country as far, at least, as Kewenaw, in what is now the northern part of Michigan, 
 whence some of his French companions probably passed down the Menomonee river to the 
 waters of Green bay the following year ; but no record of the Indians, through whose territory 
 they passed, was made by these voyagers. Ten years more — 1670 — brought to the Menomonees 
 (who doubtless had already been visited by French fur-traders) Father Claudius Allouez, to win 
 them to Christianity. He had previously founded a mission upon the bay of Chegoimegon, now 
 Chaquamegon, or Ashland bay, an arm of Lake Superior, within the present State of Wisconsin, 
 in charge of which, at that date, was Father James Marquette. Proceeding from the " Sault" on 
 the third of November, Allouez, early in December, 1669, reached the mouth of Green bay, where, 
 on the third, in an Indian village of Sacs, Pottawattamies, Foxes and Winnebagoes, containing about 
 six hundred souls, he celebrated the holy mass for the first time upon this new field of his labors, 
 — eight Frenchmen, traders with the Indians, whom the missionary found there upon his arrival, 
 taking part in the devotions. His first Christian work with the Menomonees was performed in 
 May of the next year. Allouez found this tribe a feeble one, almost exterminated by war. He 
 spent but little time with them, embarking, on the twentieth of that month, after a visit to some 
 Pottawattamies and Winnebagoes, " with a Frenchman and a savage to go to Sainte Mary of the 
 Sault." His place was filled by Father Louis Andr6, who, not long after, erected a cabin upon 
 the Menomonee river, which, with one at a village where his predecessor had already raised the 
 standard of the cross, was soon burned by the savages ; but the missionary, living almost con- 
 stantly in his canoe, continued for some time to labor with the Menomonees and surrounding 
 tribes. The efforts of Andre were rewarded with some conversions among the former; for Mar- 
 quette, who visited them in 1673, found many good Cliristians among them. 
 
 The record of ninety years of French domination in Wisconsin — beginning in June, 1671, 
 and ending in October, 1761 — brings to light but little of interest so far as the Menomonees are 
 concerned. Gradually they extended their intercourse with the white fur traders. Gradually 
 and with few interruptions (one in 1728, and one in 1747 of a serious character) they were 
 drawn under the banner of France, joining with that government in its wars with the Iroquois; 
 in its contests, in 1712, 1729, 1730, and 1751, with the Foxes; and, subsequently, in its conflicts 
 with the English. 
 
 The French post, at what is now Green Bay, Brown county, Wisconsin, was, along with the 
 residue of the western forts, surrendered to the British in 1760, although actual possession of the 
 former was not taken until the Fall of the next year. The land on which the fort stood was 
 claimed by the Menomonees. Here, at that date, was their upper and principal village, the 
 lower one being at the mouth oif the Menomonee river. These Indians soon became reconciled 
 to the English occupation of their territory, notwithstanding the machinations of French traders 
 who endeavored to prejudice them against the new comers. The Menomonees, at this time, 
 were very much reduced, having, but a short time previous, lost three hundred of their warriors. 
 
THE INDIAN TRIBES OP WISCONSIN. 23 
 
 by the small pox, and most of their chiefs in the late war in which they had been engaged by the 
 then French commander there, against the English. They were glad to substitute English for 
 French traders ; as they could purchase supplies of them at one half the price they had previously 
 paid. It was not long before the sincerity of the Menomonees was put to the test. Pontiac's 
 War of 1 763 broke out, and the post of Mackinaw was captured. The garrison, however, at Green 
 bay was not only not attacked by the savages, but, escorted by the Menomonees and other tribes, 
 crossed Lake Michigan in safety to the village of L'Arbre Croche ; thence making their way to 
 Montreal. The Menomonees continued their friendship to the English, joining with them 
 against the Colonies during the Revolution, and fighting on the same side during the war of 
 1812-15. 
 
 When, in July, 1816, an American force arrived at Green bay to take possession of the 
 country, the Menomonees were found in their village near by, very peaceably inclined. The 
 commander of the troops asked permission of their chief to bnild a fort. " My Brother!" was 
 the response, " how can we oppose your locating a council-fire among us .' You are too strong 
 for us. Even if we wanted to oppose you we have scarcely got powder and ball to make the 
 attempt. One favor we ask is, that our French brothers shall not be disturbed. You can choose 
 any place you please for your fort, and we shall not object." No trouble had been anticipated 
 from the Menomonees, and the expectations of the government of the United States in that 
 regard were fully realized. What added much to the friendship now springing up between the 
 Menomonees and the Americans was the fact that the next year — 1817 — the annual contribution 
 which for many years had been made by the British, consisting of a shirt, leggins, breech-clout 
 and blanket for each member or the tribe, and for each family a copper kettle, knives, axes, guns 
 and ammunition, was withheld by them. 
 
 It was found by the .'\mericans, upon their occupation of the Menomonee territory, that 
 some of the women of that tribe were married to traders and boatmen who had settled at the 
 head of the bay, there being no white women in that region. Many of these were Canadians of 
 French extraction; hence the anxiety that they should be well treated, which was expressed by 
 the Menomonees upon the arrival of the American force. At this period there was a consider- 
 able trade carried on with these Indians at Prairie du Chien, as many of them frequently win- 
 tered on the Mississippi. The first regular treaty with this tribe was " made and concluded" on 
 the thirtieth day of March, 1817, "by and between William Clark, Ninian Edwards, and 
 Auguste Chouteau, commissioners on the part and behalf of the United States of America, of the 
 one part," and the chiefs and warriors, deputed by the Menomonees, of the other part. By the 
 terms of this compact all injuries were to be forgiven and forgotten ; perpetual peace established; 
 lands, heretofore ceded to other governments, confirmed to the United States ; all prisoners to be 
 delivered up ; and the tribe placed under the protection of the United States, "and of no other 
 nation, power, or sovereign, whatsoever." The Menomonees were now fully and fairly, and for 
 the first time, entitled to be known as " American Indians," in contradistinction to the terra 
 which had been so long used as descriptive of their former allegiance — " British Indians." 
 
 The territory of the Menomonees, when the tribe was taken fully under the winj; of the Gen- 
 eral Government, had become greatly extended. It was bounded on the north by the dividing 
 ridge between the waters flowing into Lake Superior and those flowing south into Green bay and 
 the Mississippi ; on the east, by Lake Michigan ; on the south, by the Milwaukee river, and on 
 the west by the Mississippi and Black rivers. This was their territory ; though they were prac- 
 tically restricted to the occupation of the western shore of Lake Michigan, lying between the 
 mouth of Green bay on the north and the Milwaukee river on the south, and to a somewhat 
 indefinite area west. Their general claim, as late as 1825, was north to the Chippewa country: 
 
24 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 east to Green bay and Lake Michigan ; south to the Milwaukee river, and west to Black river. 
 And what is most surprising is that the feeble tribe of 1761 had now, in less than three quarters 
 of a century, become a powerful nation, numbering between three and four thousand. 
 
 The Menomonee territory, as late as 1831, still preserved its large proportions. Its eastern 
 division was bounded by the Milwaukee river, the shore of Lake Michigan, Green bay. Fox 
 river, and Winnebago lake ; its western division, by the Wisconsin and Chippewa rivers on the 
 west; Fox river on the south ; Green bay on the east, and the high lands whence flow the streams 
 into Lake Superior, on the north. This year, however, it was shorn of a valuable and large part 
 by the tribe ceding to the United States all the eastern division, estimated at two and one half 
 million acres. The following year, the Menomonees aided the General Government in the Black 
 Hawk war. 
 
 That the Menomonees might, as much as possible, be weaned from their wandering habits, 
 their permanent home was designated to be a large tract lying north of Fox river and east of 
 Wolf river. Their territory farther west, was reserved for their hunting grounds until such time 
 as the General Government should desire to purchase it. In 1836, another portion, amounting to 
 four million acres, lying between Green bay on the east and Wolf river on the west, was dis- 
 posed of to the United States, besides a strip three miles in width from near the portage north, 
 on each side of the Wisconsin river and forty-eight miles long — still leaving them in peace- 
 able possession of a country about one hundred and twenty miles long, and about eighty 
 broad. 
 
 Finally, in 1S48, the Menomonees sold all their lands in Wisconsin to the General Govern- 
 ment, preparatory to their movement to a reservation beyond the Mississippi of six hundred 
 thousand acres ; but the latter tract was afterward re-ceded to the United States ; for, notwith- 
 standing there were treaty stipulations for the removal of the tribe to that tract, there were 
 obstacles in the way of their speedy migration, resulting, finally, in their being permitted to remain 
 in Wisconsin. Lands, to the amount of twelve townships, were granted them for their permanent 
 horiies, on the upper Wolf river, in what is now Shawano and Oconto counties — a portion, but 
 a very small one, of what was once their extensive possessions. To this reservation they removed 
 in October, 1852. Thus are the Menomonees, the only one of the original tribes of Wisconsin 
 who, as a whole, have a local habitation within its limits. This tribe refused to join the Sioux in 
 their outbreak in 1S61, and several of their warriors served as volunteers in the United States 
 army during the late civil war. 
 
 It is now over two centuries since the civilized world began to gain knowledge of the exist- 
 ence, in the far West, of a tribe of Indians known as the Winnebagoes — that is, men of the sea; 
 pointing, possibly, to their early migration from the shores of the Mexican gulf, or the Pacific. 
 The territory now included within the limits of Wisconsin, and so much of the State of Michigan 
 as lies north of Green bay, Lake Michigan, the Straits of Mackinaw and Lake Huron were, in 
 early times, inhabited by several tribes of the Algonquin race, forming a barrier to the Dakotas, 
 or Sioux, who had advanced eastward to the Mississippi. But the Winnebagoes, although one of 
 the tribes belonging to the family of the latter, had passed the great river, at some unknown 
 period, and settled upon the head waters of Green bay. Here, this "sea-tribe," as early, it is 
 believed, as 1634, was visited by an agent of France and a treaty concluded with them. The tribe 
 afterward called themselves Hochungara, or Ochunkoraw, but were styled by the Sioux, Hotanke, 
 or Sturgeon. Nothing more is heard of the Ouenibigoutz, or Winnebegouk (as the Winnebagoes 
 were early called by the Jesuit missionaries, and the Algonquin tribes, meaning men from the 
 fetid or salt water, translated by the French, Puants) for the next thirty-five years, although 
 there is no doubt that the tribe had been visited meanwhile by adventurous Frenchmen, when on 
 the second of December, 1669, some of that nation were noted at a Sac (Sauk or Saukis) village 
 on Green bay, by Father Allouez. 
 
THE INDIAN TRIBES OF WISCONSIN. 25 
 
 As early at least as 1670, the French were actively engaged among the Winnebagoes trading. 
 " We found affairs," says one of the Jesuit missionaries, who arrived among them in September of 
 that year, " we found affairs there in a pretty bad posture, and the minds of the savages much 
 soured against the French, wlio were there trading ; ill-treating them in deeds and words, pillag- 
 ing and carrying away their merchandise in spite of them, and conducting themselves toward 
 them with insupportable insolences and indignities. The cause of this disorder," adds the mis- 
 sionary, " is that they had received some bad treatment from the French, to whom they had this 
 year come to trade, and particularly from the soldiers, from whom they pretended to have received 
 many wrongs and injuries." It is thus made certain that the arms of France were carried into 
 the territory of the Winnebagoes over two hundred years ago. 
 
 The Fox river of Green bay was found at that date a difficult stream to navigate. Two 
 Jesuits who ascended the river in 1670, had "three or four leagues of rapids to contend with," 
 when they had advanced " one day's journey "' from the head of the bay, " more difficult than those 
 which are common in other rivers, in this, that the flints, over which" they had to walk with 
 naked feet to drag their canoes, were so " sharp and so cutting, that one has all the trouble in the 
 world to hold one's self steady against the great rushing of the waters." At the falls they found 
 an idol that the savages honored ; " never failing, in isassing, to make him some sacrifice of 
 tobacco, or arrows, or paintings, or other things, to thank him that, by his assistance, they had, in 
 ascending, avoided the dangers of the waterfalls which are in this stream ; or else, if they had to 
 ascend, to pray him to aid them in this perilous navigation." The devout missionaries caused 
 the idol " to be lifted up by the strength of arm, and cast into the depths of the river, to appear 
 no more " to the idolatrous savages. 
 
 The mission of St. Francis Xavier, founded in December, 1669, by AUouez, was a roving one 
 among the tribes inhabiting the shores of Green bay and the interior country watered by the Fox 
 river and its tributaries, for about two years, when its first mission-house was erected at what is 
 now Depere, Brown county. This chapel was soon after destroyed by fire, but was rebuilt 
 in 1676. 
 
 The Winnebagoes, by this time, had not only received considerable spiritual instruction from 
 the Jesuit fathers, but had obtained quite an insight into the mysteries of trading and trafficking 
 with white men; for, following the footsteps of the missionaries, and sometimes preceding them, 
 were the ubiquitous French fur traders. It is impossible to determine precisely what territory 
 was occupied by the Winnebagoes at this early date, farther than that they lived near the head 
 of Green bay. 
 
 A direct trade with the French upon the St. Lawrence was not carried on by the Winne- 
 bagoes to any great extent until the" beginning of the eighteenth century. As early as 1679, 
 an advance party of La Salle had collected a large store of furs at the mouth of Green bay, 
 doubtless in a traffic with this tribe and others contiguous to them; generally, however, the 
 surrounding nations sold their peltries to the Ottawas, who disposed of them, in turn, to the 
 French. The commencement of the eighteenth century found the Winnebagoes firmly in 
 alliance with France, and in peace with the dreaded Iroquios. In 17 18, the nation numbered 
 six hundred. They were afterward found to have moved up Fox river, locating upon Winne- 
 bago lake, which stream and lake were their ancient seat, and from which they had been driven 
 either by fear or the prowess of more powerful tribes of the West or Southwest. Their inter- 
 course with the French was gradually extended and generally peaceful, though not always so, 
 joining with them, as did the Menomonees, in their wars with the Iroquois, and subsequently in 
 their conflicts with the English, which finally ended in 1760. 
 
 When the British, in October, 1761, took possession of the French post, at the head of 
 
26 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Green bay, the Wiiinehagoes were found to number one hundred and fifty warriors only ; their 
 nearest village being at the lower end of Winnebago lake. They had in all not less than three 
 towns. Their country, at this period, included not only that lake, but all the streams flowing 
 into it, especially Fox river; afterward extended to the Wisconsin and Rock rivers. They 
 readily changed their course of trade — asking now of the commandant at the fort for English 
 traders to be sent among them. In the Indian outbreak under Pontiac in 1763, they joined 
 with the Menomonees and other tribes to befriend the British garrison at the head of the bay, 
 assisting in conducting them to a place of safety. They continued their friendship to the English 
 durincr the Revolution, by joining with them against the colonies, and were active in the Indian 
 war of 1790-4, taking part in the attack on Foft Recovery, upon the Mauniee, in the present 
 State of Ohio, in 1793. They fought also on the side of the British in the war of 1812-15, 
 aiding, in 1814, to reduce Prairie du Chien, Tliey were then estimated at 4,500. When, in 
 1816, the government of the United States sent troops to take possession of the Green bay 
 country, by establishing a garrison there, some trouble was anticipated from these Indians, who, 
 at that date, had the reputation of being a bold and warlike tribe. A deputation from the nation 
 came down Fox river and remonstrated with the American commandant at what was thought 
 to be an intrusion. They were desirous of knowing why a fort was to be established so near 
 them. The reply was that, although the troops -were armed for war if necessary, their purpose 
 was peace. Their response was an old one : "If your object is peace, you have too many men ; 
 if war, you have too few." However, the display of a number of cannon which had not yet been 
 mounted, satisfied the Winnebagoes that the Americans were masters of the situation, and the 
 deputation gave the garrison no farther trouble. On the 3d of June, 1816, at St. Louis, the tribe 
 made a treaty of peace and friendship with the General Government; but they continued to levy 
 tribute on all white people who passed up Fox river. English annuities also kept up a bad 
 feeling. At this time, a portion of the tribe was living upon the Wisconsin river, away from the 
 rest of the nation, which was still seated upon the waters flowing into Green bay. In 1820^ 
 they had five villages on Winnebago lake and fourteen on Rock river. In 1825, the claim of 
 the Winnebagoes was an extensive one, so far as territory was concerned. Its southeast 
 boundary stretched away from the source of Rock river to within forty miles of its mouth, in 
 Illinois, where they had a village. On the west it extended to the heads of the small streams 
 flowing into the Mississippi. To the northward, it reached Black river and the upper Wis- 
 consin, in other words, to the Chippewa territory, but did not extend across Fox river, although 
 they contended for the whole of Winnebago lake. In 1829, a- large part of their territory in 
 southwest Wisconsin, lying between Sugar river and the Mississippi, and extending to the Wis- 
 consin river, was sold to the General Government; and, three years later all the residue lying 
 south and east of the Wisconsin and the Fox river of Green bay ; the Winnebago prophet having 
 before fiat date supported the Sacs in their hostility. Finally, in the brief language of the treaty 
 between this tribe (which had become unsettled and wasteful) and the United States, of the first 
 of November, 1837, " The Winnebago Nation of Indians " ceded to the General Government 
 " all their lands east of the Mississippi." Not an acre was reserved. And the Indians agreed 
 that, within eight months from that date, they would move west of " the great river." This 
 arrangement, however, was not carried out fully. In 1842, there were only 756 at Turkey river, 
 Iowa, their new home, with as many in Wisconsin, and smaller bands e' ewhere. All had become 
 lawless, and roving. Some removed in 1848; while a party to the number of over eight hun- 
 dred left the State as late as 1873. The present home of the tribe is in Nebraska, where they 
 have a reservation north of and adjacent to the Omahas, containing over one hundred thousand 
 acres. However, since their first removal beyond the Mississippi, they have several times 
 
THE IXniAN TRIBES OF WISCOKSIN. 27 
 
 changed their phice of abode. Their number, all told, is less than twenty-five hundred. 
 
 When the territory, now constituting the northern portion of Wisconsin, became very 
 generally known to the civilized inhabitants of the eastern part of the United States, it was 
 found to be occupied by Indians called the Chippe\v.-\s. Their hunting-grounds extended south 
 from Lake Superior to the heads of the Menomonee, the Wisconsin and Chippewa rivers ; also 
 farther eastward and westward. At an early day they were engaged in a war with the Sioux — 
 a war indeed, which was long continued. The Chippewas, however, persistently maintained 
 their position — still occupying the same region when the General Government extended its 
 jurisdiction over the whole country south of the Great Lakes and west to the Mississippi. 
 
 By treaties with the Chippewas at different periods, down to the year 1827, the General Gov- 
 ernment had recognized them as the owners of about one quarter of which is now the entire 
 State. The same policy was pursued toward this tribe as with neighboring ones, in the purchase 
 of their lands by the United States. Gradually they parted with their extensive possessions, until, 
 in 1842, the last acre within what is now Wisconsin was disposed of. It was the intention of the 
 General Government to remove the several bands of the Chippewas who had thus ceded their 
 lands to a tract reserved for them beyond the Mississippi; but this determination was afterward 
 changed so as to allow them to remain upon certain reservations within the limits of their old- 
 time hunting grounds. These reservations they continue to occupy. They are located in Bay- 
 field, Ashland, Chippewa and Lincoln counties. The clans are known, respectively, as the Red 
 Cliff band, the Bad River band, the Lac Courte Oreille band, and the Lac de Flambeau band. 
 
 Of all the tribes inhabiting what is now Wisconsin when its territory was first visited by 
 white men, the Sacs (Sauks or Saukies) and Foxes (Outagamies) are, in history, the most noted. 
 They are of the Algonquin family, and are first mentioned in 1665, by Father Allouez, but as 
 separate tribes. Afterward, however, because of the identity of their language, and their asso- 
 ciations, they were and still are considered as one nation. In December, 1669, Allouez found 
 upon the shores of Green bay a village of Sacs, occupied also by members of other tribes; and 
 early in 1670 he visited a village of the same Indians located upon the Fox river of Green bay, 
 at a distance of four leagues from its mouth. Here a device of these Indians for catching fish 
 arrested the attention of the missionary. "From one side of the river to the other," he writes, 
 "they made a barricade, planting great stakes, two fathoms from the water, in such a manner 
 that there is, as it were, a bridge above for the fishes, who by the aid of a little bow-net, easily 
 take sturgeons and all other kinds of fish which this pier stops, although the water does not 
 cease to flow between the stakes." When the Jesuit father first obtained, five years previous, a 
 knowledge of this tribe, they were represented as savage above all others, great in numbers, and 
 without any permanent dwelling place. The Foxes were of two stocks : one calling themselves 
 Outagamies or Foxes, whence our English name; the other, MusqMakink, or men of red clay, 
 the name now used by the tribe. They lived in early times with their kindred the Sacs east of 
 Detroit, and as some say near the St. Lawrence. They were driven west, and settled at Saginaw, 
 a name derived from the Sacs. Thence they were forced by the Iroquois to Green bay; but 
 were compelled to leave that place and settle on Fox river, 
 
 Allouez, on the twenty-fourth of April, 1670, arrived at a village of the Foxes, situated on 
 Wolf river, a northern tributary of the Fox. "The nation," he declares, "is renowned for 
 being numerous ; they have more than four hundred men bearing arms; the number of women 
 and children is greater, on account of polygamy which exists among them — each man having 
 commonly four wives, some of them six, and others as high as ten." The missionary found that 
 the Foxes had retreated to those parts to escape the persecutions of the Iroquois. Allouez 
 •established among these Indians his mission of St. Mark, rejoicing in the fact that in less than 
 
23 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 two years he had baptized "sixty children and some adults." The Foxes, at the summons of De 
 la Barre, in 1684, sent warriors against the Five Nations. They also took part in Denonville's 
 more serious campaign ; but soon after became hostile to the French. As early as 169.3, they 
 had plundered several on their way to trade with the Sioux, alleging that they were carrying arms 
 and ammunition to their ancient enemies — frequently causing them to make portages to the 
 southward in crossing from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi. Afterward they became recon- 
 ciled to the French; but the reconciliation was of short duration. In 1712, Fort Detroit, then 
 defended by only a handful of men, was attacked by them in conjunction with the Mascou- 
 tens and Kickapoos. However, in the end, by calling in friendly Indians, the garrison not only 
 protected themselves but were enabled to act on the offensive, destroying the greater part of the 
 besieging force. 
 
 The natioti continued their ill will to the French. The consequence was that their territory 
 in 1 7 16 had been invaded and they were reduced to sue for peace. But their friendship was not 
 of long continuance. In 17 18, the Foxes numbered five hundred men and "abounded in women 
 and children." They are spoken of at that date as being very industrious, raising large quantities 
 of Indian corn. In 1728, another expedition was sent against them by the French. Meanwhile 
 the Menomonees had also become hostile; so, too, the Sacs, who were now the allies of the 
 Foxes. The result of the enterprise was, an attack upon and the defeat of a number of 
 Menomonees; the burning of the wigwams of the Winnebagos (after passing the deserted village 
 of the Sacs upon the Fox river), that tribe, also, at this date being hostile ; and the destruction 
 of the fields of the Foxes. They were again attacked in their own country by the French, in 
 I 30, and defeated. In 1734, both the Sacs and Foxes came in conflict with the same foe; but 
 this time the French were not as successful as on previous expeditions. In 1736, the Sacs and 
 Foxes were "connected with the government of Canada; " but it is certain they were far from 
 being friendly to the French. 
 
 The conflict between France and Great Britain commencing in 1754, found the Sacs and 
 Foxes allied with the former power, against the English, although not long previous to this time 
 they were the bitter enemies of the French. At the close of that contest so disastrous to the 
 interests of France in North America, these tribes readily gave in their adhesion to the con- 
 querors, asking that English traders might be sent them. The two nations, then about equally 
 divided, numbered, in 1761, about seven hundred warriors. Neither of the tribes took part in 
 Pontiac's war, but they befriended the English. The Sacs had migrated farther to the west- 
 ward ; but the Foxes — at least a portion of them — still remained upon the waters of the river of 
 Green bay, which perpetuates their name. A few years later, however, and the former were 
 occupants of the upper Wisconsin ; also, to a considerable distance below the portage, where 
 their chief town was located. Further down the same stream was the upper village of the 
 Foxes, while their lower one was situated near its mouth at the site of the present city of Prairie 
 du Chien. At this date, 1766, the northern portion of what is now Wisconsin, including all that 
 part watered by the streams flowing north into Lake Superior, was the home of the Chippewas. 
 The country around nearly the whole of Green bay was the hunting ground of the Menomonees. 
 The territory of Winnebago lake and Fox river was the seat of the Winnebagoes. The region 
 of the Wisconsin river was the dwelling place of the Sacs and Foxes. 
 
 During the war of the Revolution, the Sacs and Foxes continued the firm friends of the 
 English. At the cominencement of the nineteenth century, only a small part of their territory 
 was included in what is now Wisconsin, and that was in the extreme southwest. In 1804, they 
 ceded this to the United States ; so that they no longer were owners of any lands within this 
 State. From that date, therefore, these allied tribes can not be considered as belonging to the 
 
PRE-TERRITORIAL ANNALS OF WISCONSIN. 29 
 
 Indian nations of Wisconsin. A striking episode in their subsequent history — the Black Hawk 
 War — comes in, notwithstanding, as a part, incidentally, of the annals of the State. 
 
 Deserving a place in a notice of the Indian tribes of Wisconsin is the nation known as the 
 POTTAWATTAMiEs. As early as 1639, they were the neighbors of the Winnebagoes upon Green 
 bay. They were still upon its southern shore, in two villages, in 1670; and ten years subsequent 
 to that date they occupied, at least in one village the same region. At the expiration of the 
 first quarter of the eighteenth century, a part only of the nation were in that vicinity — upon the 
 islands at the mouth of the bay. These islands were then known as the Pottawattamie islands, 
 and considered as the ancient abode of these Indians. Already had a large portion of this tribe 
 emigrated southward, one band resting on the St. Joseph of Lake Michigan, the other near Detroit. 
 One peculiarity of this tribe — at least of such as resided in what is now Wisconsin — was their 
 intimate association with neighboring bands. When, in 1669, a village of the Pottawattamies, 
 located upon the southeast shore of Green bay, was visited by AUouez, he found with them Sacs 
 and Foxes and Winnebagoes. So, also, when, many years subsequent to that date, a band of 
 these Indians were located at Milwaukee, with them were Ottawas and Chippewas. These 
 " united tribes " claimed all the lands of their respective tribes and of other nations, giving the 
 United States, when possession was taken of the western country by the General Government, 
 no little trouble. Finally, by a treaty, held at Chicago in 1833, their claims, such as they were, 
 to lands along the western shore of Lake Michigan, within the present State of Wisconsin, 
 extending westward to Rock river, were purchased by the United States, with permission to 
 retain possession three years longer of their ceded lands, after which time this " united nation 
 of Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottawattamies " began to disappear, and soon were no longer seen in 
 southeastern Wisconsin or in other portions of the State. 
 
 Besides the five tribes — Menomonees, Winnebagoes, Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, and 
 Pottawattamies — many others, ivhole or in part, have, since the territory now constituting the 
 State was first visited by white men, been occupants of its territory. Of these, some are only 
 known as having once lived in what is now Wisconsin; others ^ — such as the Hurons, Illinois, 
 Kickapoos, Mascoutens, Miamis, Noquets, Ottawas and Sioux, are recognized as Indians once 
 dwelling in this region ; yet so transitory has been their occupation, or so little is known of their 
 history, that tliey scarcely can be claimed as belonging to the State. 
 
 Commencing in 1822, and continuing at intervals through some of the following years, was 
 the migration to Wisconsin from the State of New York of the remains or portions of four tribes : 
 the Oneidas, Stockbridges, Munsees and Brothertowns. The Oneidas finally located west of 
 Green Bay, where they still reside. Their reservation contains over 60,000 acres, and lies 
 wholly within the present counties of Brown and Outagamie. The Stockbridges and Munsees, 
 who first located above Green Bay, on the east side of Fox river, afterward moved to the east 
 side of Winnebago lake. They now occupy a reservation joining the southwest township of the 
 Menomenee reservation, in Shawano county, and are fast becoming citizens. The Brothertowns 
 first located on the east side of Fox river, but subsequently moved to the east side of Winnebago 
 lake, where, in 1839, they broke up their tribal relations and became citizens of Wisconsin 
 territory. 
 
 III.— PRE-TERRITORIAL ANNALS OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 When, in 1634, the first white man set foot upon any portion of the territory now consti- 
 tuting the State of Wisconsin, the whole country was, of course, a wilde'^ness. Its inhabitants, 
 the aboriginal Red men, were thinly but widely scattered over all the country. Jean Nicolet, 
 a Frenchman, who had been in Canada since 1618, and had spent several years among the 
 
80 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Indians, was the first of civilized men to unlock the mystery of its situation and people. French 
 authorities upon the St. Lawrence sent him as an ambassador to the Winnebagoes, of whom he 
 had heard strange stories. On his outward voyage he visited the Hurons — allies of the French 
 — a tribe seated upon the eastern side of the lake which bears their name, and Nicolet was 
 empowered to negotiate a peace with them. " When he approached the Winnebago town, he sent 
 some of his Indian attendants to announce his coming, put on a robe of damask, and advanced 
 to meet the expectant crowd with a pistol in each hand. The squaws and children fled, scream- 
 ing that it was a manito, or spirit, armed with tluinder and lightning ; but the chiefs and warriors 
 regaled him with so bountiful a hospitality, that a hundred and twenty beavers were devoured at 
 a single feast." Such was the advent of the daring Frenchman into what is now the State of 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 " Upon the borders of Green bay," wrote the Jesuit, Paul le Jeune, in 1640, " are the Meno- 
 monees; still farther on, the Winnebagoes, a sedentary people, and very numerous. Some 
 Frenchmen," he continues, " call them the ' Nation of the Stinkards,' because the Algonquin 
 word Winipeg signifies ' stinking water.' Now they thus call the water of the sea ; therefore, 
 these people call themselves ' Winnebagoes,' because they came from the shores of a sea of which 
 we have no knowledge ; consequently we must not call them the ' Nation of Stinkards,' but the 
 ' Nation of the Sea.' " From these Men of the Sea, Nicolet passed westward, ascended Fox 
 river of Green Bay, until nigh the portage to the Wisconsin, down which stream he could have 
 floated easily to the Mississippi, the "great water" of his guides, which he mistook for the 
 sea. This adventurous Frenchman, when so near re-discovering the river which has given 
 immortality to De Soto, turned his face to tli.e eastward ; retraced his steps to Green bay, and 
 finally returned in safety to Quebec. This was the first exploration of what is now Wisconsin — 
 only fourteen years after the landing of the Pilgrims upon the wild shores of New England. 
 
 Wisconsin, for twenty-four years after its discovery, was left to. its savage inhabitants. At 
 length, in 1658, two daring fur traders penetrated to Lake Superior, and wintered there. They 
 probably set foot upon what is now Wisconsin soil, as they made several trips among the sur- 
 rounding tribes. They saw, among other things, at six days' journey beyond the lake, toward 
 the southwest, Indians that the Iroquois had driven from their homes upon the eastern shores of 
 Lake Huron. These Frenchmen heard of the ferocious Sioux, and of a great river — not the sea, 
 as Nicolet had supposed — on which they dwelt. This was the Mississippi ; and to these traders 
 is the world indebted for a knowledge of its existence; as De Soto's discovery was never used, 
 and soon became well-nigh, if not entirely, forgotten. From these upper countries, in the Sum- 
 mer of i56o, the two relumed to Quebec, with three hundred Indians in sixty canoes, laden with 
 peltry. This was, i-ndeed, the dawn — though exceedingly faint — of what is now llie commerce of 
 the great Northwest. Nineteen years after flashed a more brilliant light; for, in 1679, the 
 "Griffin," laden with furs, left one of the islands at the mouth of Green bay, on its return — 
 spreading her sails for Niagara, but never more to be heard of. 
 
 Following in the footsteps of the fur traders came the Jesuit missionaries to Lake Superior ; 
 one of them. Father Menard, as early as 1660, reaching its southern shore as far to the westward, 
 probably, as Kewenaw, in the present State of Michigan. There is no positive evidence, however, 
 that he or his French companions, visited any portion of what is now Wisconsin ; although the next 
 year, 1661, some of his associates probably passed down the Menomonee river to Green bay. 
 Following Menard came Father Claude Allouez, arriving on the first day of October, 1665, at 
 " Chagowamigong," or " Chegoimegon," now Chequamegon, or Ashland Bay, " at the bottom of 
 which," wrote the missionary, " is situated the great villages of the savages, who there plant their 
 fields of Indian corn, and lead a stationary life." Near by he erected a small chapelof bark— the 
 
PRE-TERRITORIAL ANNALS OF WISCONSIN. 31 
 
 first structure erected by civilized man in Wisconsin. At La Pointe, in the present Ashland 
 county, he established the mission of the Holy Ghost. 
 
 The next Catholic mission in what is now Wisconsin was that of St. Francis Xavier, founded 
 also by Allouez. Upon-the second of December, 1669, he first attended to his priestly devotions 
 upon the waters of Green bay. This mission, for the first two years of its existence, was a 
 migratory one. The surrounding tribes were all visited, including the Pottawattamies, Menom- 
 onees, Winnebagoes, and Sacs and Foxes. However, in i67i,one hundred and five years before 
 the Declaration of Independence, there was erected, at what is now Depere, Brown county, a 
 chapel for the mission of St. Francis Xavier. Thus early did the Jesuit Fathers, in their plain 
 garbs and unarmed, carry the cross to many of the benighted heathen occupying the country 
 circumscribed by Lakes Michigan, Huron and Superior, and the "great river" — the Mississippi. 
 
 French domination in Wisconsin dates from the year 167 1, the very year in which it seems 
 the indomitable LaSalle, upon his first expedition, passed the mouth of Green bay, but did not 
 enter it. France then took formal possession of the whole of the country of the upper lakes. 
 By this time, the commerce with the western tribes had so attached them to her interests that 
 she determined to extend her power to the utmost limits — vague and indeterminate as they 
 were — -of Canada. An agent — Daumont de St. Lusson — was dispatched to the distant tribes, 
 proposing a congress of Indian nations at the Falls of Ste. Mary, between Lake Huron and Lake 
 Superior. The invitation was extended far and near. The principal chiefs of Wisconsin tribes, 
 gathered by Nicolas Perrot in Green bay, were present at the meeting. Then and there, with 
 due ceremony, it was announced that the great Northwest was placed under the protection of 
 the French government. And why not.' She had discovered it — had to a certain extent 
 explored it — had to a limited extent established commerce with it — and her missionaries had 
 proclaimed the faith to the wondering savages. But none of her agents — none of the fur- 
 traders — none of the missionaries — had yet reached the Mississippi, the "great river," concerning 
 which so many marvels had been heard, although it is claimed that, in 1669, it had been seen 
 by the intrepid La Salle. But the time for its discovery, or properly re-discovery, was at hand, if, 
 indeed, it can be called, with propriety, a re-discovery, since its existence to the westward was 
 already known to every white man particularly interested in matters appertaining to the North- 
 west. Now, however, for the first time, its upper half was to be, to a certain extent, explored. 
 For the first time, a white man was to behold its vast tribute, above the Illinois river, rolling 
 onward toward the Mexican gulf. Who was that man ? His name was Louis Joliet ; with him 
 was Father James Marquette. 
 
 Born at Quebec, in 1645, educated by the Jesuits, and first resolving to be a priest, then 
 turning fur-trader, Joliet had, finally, been sent with an associate to explore the copper mines of 
 Lake Superior. He was a man of close and intelligent observation, and possessed considerable 
 mathematical acquirements. At this time, 1673, he was a merchant, courageous, hardy, enter- 
 prising. He was appointed by French authorities at Quebec to " discover " the Mississippi. He 
 passed up the lakes to Mackinaw, and found at Point St. Ignace, on the north side of the strait. 
 Father James Marquette, who readily agreed to accompany him. Their outfit was very simple: 
 two birch-bark canoes and a supply of smoked meat and Indian corn. They had a company of 
 five men with them, beginning their voyage on the seventeenth of May, 1673. Passing the straits, 
 they coasted the northern shores of Lake Michigan, moved up Green bay and Fox river to the 
 portage. They crossed to the Wisconsin, down which they paddled their frail canoes, until, on 
 the seventeenth of June, they entered — "discovered" — the Mississippi. So the northern-, the 
 eastern and the western boundary of what is now Wisconsin had been reached at this date ; 
 therefore, it maybe said that its territory had been explored sufficiently for the forming of a 
 
32 HISTORY OF AVISCONSIN. 
 
 pretty correct idea of its general features as well as of its savage inhabitants. After dropping 
 down the Mississippi many miles, Joliet and Marquette returned to Green bay, where the latter 
 remained to recruit his exhausted strength, while Joliet descended to Quebec, to report his 
 "discoveries" to his superiors. 
 
 Then followed the expedition of LaSalle to the west, from the St. Lawrence, when, in 1679, 
 he and Father Louis Hennepin coasted along the western shore of Lake Michigan, frequently 
 landing; then, the return of Henri de Tonty, one of LaSalle's party down the same coast to Green 
 bay, in 1680, from the Illinois; the return, also, the same year, of Hennepin, from up the Mis- 
 sissippi, whither he had made liis way from the Illinois, across what is now Wisconsin, by the 
 Wisconsin and Fox rivers to Green bay, in company with DuLhut, or DuLuth, who, on his way 
 down the " great river " from Lake Superior, had met the friar ; and then, the voyage, in 1683, from 
 Lake Michigan to the Mississippi river, by the same route, of LeSueur, and his subsequent 
 establishment at La Pointe, in what is now Ashland county, Wisconsin, followed several years 
 after by a trip up the Mississippi. The act of Daumont de St. Lusson, at the Sault Sainte Mary, 
 in 167 1, in taking possession of the country beyond Lake Michigan, not being regarded as suffi- 
 ciently definite, Nicolas Perrot, in 1689, at Green bay, again took possession of that territory, as 
 well as of the valleys of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, and extending the dominion of New 
 France over the country on the LTpper Mississippi, and "to other places more remote." The 
 voyage of St. Cosme, in 1699, when he and his companions frequently landed on the west coast 
 of Lake Michigan, upon what is now territory of Wisconsin, completed the explorations in the 
 west for the seventeenth century. 
 
 Following in the footsteps of early explorations, of self sacrificing attempts of the Jesuits to 
 carry the cross to the wild trii)es of the West, of the first visits of the lawless couretirs dc bois, 
 was the military occupation — if such it can be called — of what is now Wisconsin by the French. 
 The ninety years of domination by France in this region were years of only nominal possession. 
 The record of this occupation is made up of facts concerning the Indian policy of the French 
 rulers; their contests with the Sacs and Foxes; their treaties, at various times, with different 
 tribes ; their interest m, and protection of, the fur trade , and kindred subjects. The Indian 
 tribes were, at most, only the allies of France. Posts — mere stockades without cannon, more for 
 protection to fur-traders than for any other purpose — were erected upon the Mississippi at two 
 points at least, upon what is now territory of Wisconsin. On the west side of Fox river of 
 Green bay, "half a league from its mouth," was a French post, as early as 1721, where resided, 
 besides the commandant and an uncouth squad of soldiers, a Jesuit missionary ; and near by 
 were collected Indians of different tribes. Of course, the omnipresent fur-trader helped to 
 augment the sum-total of its occupants. This post was, not long after, destroyed, but another 
 was established there. When, however, France yielded her inchoate rights in the West to Great 
 Britain — when, in i76r, the latter took possession of the country — there was not a French post 
 within what is now Wisconsin. The "fort" near the head of Green bay, had been vacated for 
 some years; it was found "rotten, the stockade ready to fall, and the houses without cover;" 
 emblematic of the decay — the fast-crumbling and perishing state — of French supremacy, at that 
 date, in America. Wisconsin, when England's control began, was little better than a howling 
 wilderness. There was not within the broad limits of what is now the State, a single bona fide 
 settler, at the time the Freiich Government yielded up its possession to the English ; that is to 
 say, there were none according to the present acceptation of the term "settler." 
 
 The military occupation of Wisconsin by the British, after the Seven Years' War, was a brief 
 one. La Bay — as the post at what is now the city of Fort Howard, Brown county, was called — 
 was, on the twelfth of October, 1761, taken possession of by English troops, under Captain 
 Belfour, of the Eightieth regiment. Two days after, that officer departed, leaving Lieutenant 
 
PRE-TERRITORIAL AXNALS OF WISCOXslN. 33 
 
 James Gorrell, in command, with one sergeant, one corporal and fifteen privates. There also 
 remained at the post a French interpreter and two English traders. The name of the fortifica- 
 tion was changed to Fort Edward Augustus. This post was abandoned by the commandant on 
 the twenty-first of June, 1763, on account of the breaking out of Pontiac's War and the capture 
 of the fort at Mackinaw by the savages. The cause of this war was this : The Indian tribes 
 saw the danger which the downfall of the French interests in Canada was sure to bring to them. 
 They banded together under Pontiac to avert their ruin. The straggle was short but fierce — 
 full of " scenes of tragic interest, with marvels of suffering and vicissitude, of heroism and endur- 
 ance; " but the white man conquered. The moving incidents in this bloody drama were enacted 
 to the eastward of what is now Wisconsin, coming no nearer than Mackinaw, which, as just 
 mentioned, the savages captured; but it resulted in the evacuation of its territory by British 
 troops, who never after took possession of it, though they continued until 1796 a nominal 
 military rule over it, after Mackinaw was again occupied by them. 
 
 An early French Canadian trading station at the head of Green bay assumed finally the 
 form of a permanent settlement — the first one in Wisconsin. To claim, however that any 
 French Canadian is entitled to the honor of being the first permanent white settler is assuming 
 for him more than the facts seem to warrant. The title of " The Father and Founder of Wis- 
 consin " belongs to no man. 
 
 After Pontiac's War, one of the noted events in this region was the journey of Jonathan 
 Carver, who, in 1766, passed up Fox river to the portage, and descended the Wisconsin to the 
 Mississippi. He noticed the tumbling-down post at what is now Green Bay, Brown county. 
 He saw a few families living in the fort, and s»me French settlers, who cultivated the land 
 opposite, and appeared to live very comfortably. That was the whole e.xtent of improvements 
 in what is now Wisconsin. The organization of the Northwest Fur Company ; the passage of 
 an act by the British Parliament by which the whole Northwest was included in the Province of 
 Quebec; the joining of the Indians in this region with the British, against the Americans, in the 
 War of the Revolution; the e.xploration of the lead region of the Upper Mississippi by Julian 
 Dubuque; the passage of the ordinance of 1787 ; the first settlement of the territory northwest 
 of the River Ohio; and the Indian war which followed, are all incidents, during British occu- 
 pation, of more or less interest for the student of Wisconsin liistory. He will find that, by the 
 treaty of 1783 and of 1795, with Great Britain, all the inhabitants residing in this region were to 
 be protected by the United States in the full and peaceable possession of their property, with the 
 right to remain in, or to withdraw from it, with their effects, within one year. All who did not 
 leave were to be deemed American citizens, allowed to enjoy all the privileges of citizenship, and 
 to be under the protection of the General Government. He will also find that less than two 
 years was the whole time of actual military occupation of what is now Wisconsin by British 
 soldiers, and that English domination, which should have ended at the close of the Revolu- 
 tion, was arbitrarily continued until the Summer of 1796, when the western posts, none of which 
 were upon territory circumscribed by Lakes Michigan and Superior and the Mississippi river, 
 were delivered into the keeping of the United States. Thus the supremacy of Great Britain over 
 the Northwest was, after an actual continuance of thirty-five years, at an end. 
 
 Although the General Government did not get possession of the region northwest of the Ohio, 
 throughout its full extent, for thirteen years subsequent to its acquirement by the treaty of peace 
 of 1783 with Great Britain, nevertheless, steps were taken, very soon, to obtain concessions from 
 such of the colonies as had declared an ownership in any portion of it. None of the claimants, 
 seemingly, had better rights than Virginia, who, by virtue of conquests, largely her own, of the 
 Illinois settlements and posts, extended her jurisdiction over that country, erecting into a county 
 
34 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 so much of the region northwest of the Ohio, as had been settled l>y Virginians or might after- 
 ward be settled by them. But as, previous to her yielding all rights to territory beyond that 
 river, she had not carried her arms into the region north of the Illinois or made settlements upon 
 what is now the soil of Wisconsin, nor included any portion of it within the bounds of an organ- 
 ized county, it follows that her dominion was not actually extended over any part of the area 
 included within the present boundaries of this State; nor did she then claim jurisdiction north 
 of the Illinois river, but on the other hand expressly disclaimed it. 
 
 Virginia and all the other claimants finally ceded to the United States their rights, such as 
 they were, beyond the Ohio, except two reservations of limited extent; and the General Govern- 
 ment became the undisputed owner of the "Great West," without any internal claims to posses- 
 sion save those of the Indians. Meanwhile, the United States took measures to extend its juris- 
 diction over the whole country by the passage of the famous ordinance of 1787, which established 
 a government over "the territory of the United States, northwest of the River Ohio." But this 
 organic law was, of course, nugatory over that portion of the region occupied by the British, 
 until their yielding possession m 1796, when, for the first time, Anglo-American rule commenced, 
 though nominally, in what is now Wisconsin. By the ordinance just mentioned, "the United 
 States, in congress assembled," declared that the territory northwest of the Ohio should, for the 
 purposes of temporary government, be one district , subject, however, to be divided into districts, 
 as future circumstances might, in the opinion of Congress, make it expedient. It was ordained 
 that a governor, secretary and three judges should be appointed for the Territory; a general 
 assembly was also provided for; and it was declared that religion, morality, and knowledge, 
 being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of 
 education should forever be encouraged. It was also ordained that there should be neither 
 slarery nor involuntary servitude in the said Territory, "otherwise than in the punishment of 
 crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted." Thus was established the first Magna 
 Charta for the five great States since that ti;ne formed out of " the territory northwest of the 
 River Ohio," and the first rules and regulations for their government. 
 
 Under this act of Congress, Arthur St. Clair was appointed governor of the TSTorthwestern 
 Territory, as it was called, and Samuel H. Parsons, James M. Varnum, and John Armstrong, 
 judges, — the latter not accepting the office, John Cleves Symmes was appointed in his place. 
 Winthrop Sargeant was appointed secretary. At different periods, counties were erected to 
 include various portions of the Territory. By the governor's proclamation of the 15th of 
 August, 1796, one was formed to include the whole of the present area of Northern Ohio, west of 
 Cleveland ; also, all of what is now the State of Indiana, north of a line drawn from Fort Wayne 
 " west-northerly to the southern part of Lake Michigan ; " the whole of the present State of 
 Michigan, except its extreme northwest corner on Lake Superior ; a small corner in the north- 
 east, part of what is now Illinois, including Chicago; and so much of the present State of Wis- 
 consin as is watered by the streams flowing into Lake Michigan, which of course included an 
 extensive portion, taking in many of its eastern and interior counties as now constituted. This 
 vast county was named Wayne. So the few setders then at the head of Green bay had their 
 local habitations, constructively at least, in " Wayne county. Northwestern Territory." It was 
 just at that date that Great Britain vacated the western posts, and the United States took quiet 
 possession of them. But the western portion of what is now Wisconsin, including all its territory 
 watered by streams flowing northward into Lake Superior, and westward and southwestward into 
 the Mississippi, was as yet without any county organization ; as the county of St. Clair, including 
 the Illinois country to the southward, reached no farther north than the mouth of Little Macki- 
 naw creek, where it empties into the Siver Illinois, in what is now the State of Illinois. The 
 
ytc^i 
 
 c^e^yJ 
 
 'DECEASED) 
 P0N'D DU LAG. 
 
PRE-TERRITORIAL ANNALS OF WISCONSIN. 35 
 
 "law of Paris," which was in force under French domination in Canada, and whicli by the 
 British Parliament in 1774, had been continued in force under English supremacy, was still " the 
 law of the land " west of Lake Michigan, practically at least. 
 
 From and after the fourth day of July, 1800, all that part of the territory of the United 
 States northwest of the Ohio river, which lay to the westward of a line beginning upon that 
 stream opposite to the mouth of Kentucky river and running thence to what is now Fort 
 Recovery in Mercer county, Ohio ; thence north until it intersected the territorial line between 
 the United States and Canada, was, for the purposes of temporary government, constituted a 
 separate territory called Indiana. It included not only the whole of the present State of Illinois 
 and nearly all of what is now Indiana, but more than half of the State of Michigan as now 
 defined, also a considerable part of the present Minnesota, and the whole of what is now Wis- 
 consin. 
 
 The seat of government was established at "Saint Vincennes on the Wabash," now the city 
 of Vincennes, Indiana. To this extensive area was added "from and after " the admission of 
 Ohio into the Union, all the territory west of that State, and east of the eastern boundary line of 
 the Territory of Indiana as originally established ; so that now all " the territory of the United 
 States, northwest of the River Ohio," was, excepting the State of Ohio, included in Indiana Ter- 
 ritory. On the thirtieth day of June, 1805, so much of Indiana Territory as lay to the north of 
 a lihe drawn east from the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie, and east 
 of a line drawn from the same bend through the middle of the first mentioned lake to its north- 
 ern extremity, and thence due north to the northern boundary of the United States, was, for the 
 purpose of temporary government, constituted a separate Territory called Michigan. Of course 
 no part of the present State of Wisconsin was included therein ; but the whole remained in the 
 Territory of Indiana until the second day of March, 1809, when all that part of the last men- 
 tioned Territory which lay west of the Wabash river, and a direct line drawn from that stream 
 and " Post Vincennes," due north to the territorial line between the United States and Canada, 
 was, by an act approved on the third of February previous, constituted a separate Territory, called 
 Illinois. Meanvvhile jurisdiction had been extended by the authorities of Indiana Territory 
 over the country lying west of Lake Michigan, to the extent, at least, of appointing a justice of 
 the peace for each of the settlements of Green Bay and Prairie du Chien. All of what is now 
 Wisconsin was transferred to the Territory of Illinois, upon the organization of the latter, except 
 a small portion lying east of the meridian line drawn through Vincennes, which remained a part 
 of Indiana Territory. This fraction included nearly the whole area between Greer, bay and 
 Lake Michigan. 
 
 When, in 1816, Indiana became a State, " the territory of the United States northwest of the 
 River Ohio," contained, besides Ohio and Indiana, the Territories of Illinois and Michigan, only ; 
 so the narrow strip, formerly a part of Indiana Territory, lying east of a line drawn due north 
 from Vincennes, and west of the western boundary line of Michigan Territory, belonged to nei- 
 ther, and was left without any organization. However, upon the admission of Illinois into the 
 Union, in 1818, all "the territory of the United States, northwest of the River Ohio," lying west 
 of Michigan Territory and north of the States of Indiana and Illinois, was attached to and made 
 a part of Michigan Territory ; by which act the whole of the present State of Wisconsin came 
 under the jurisdiction of the latter. During the existence of the Territory of Illinois, a kind of 
 jurisdiction was had over the two settlements in what is now Wisconsin — rather mor-e ideal than 
 real, however. 
 
 In 1834, Congress greatly increased the limits of the Territory of Michigan, by adding to it, 
 for judicial purposes, a large extent of country west of the Mississippi — reaching south as far as 
 
36 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 the present boundary line between the present States of Iowa and Missouri ; north, to the terri- 
 torial line between the United States and Canada ; and west, to the Missouri and White Earth 
 rivers. It so continued down to the fourth of July, 1836. 
 
 A retrospective glance at the history of this region for forty years previous to the last men- 
 tioned year, including the time which elapsed after the surrender of the western posts, in 1796, 
 by the British, discloses many facts of interest and importance. 
 
 The Anglo-Americans, not long after the region of country west of Lake Michigan became 
 a part of Indiana Territory, began now and then to cast an eye, either through the opening of 
 the Great Lakes or the Mississippi, upon its rolling rivers, its outspread prairies, and its dense 
 forests, and to covet the goodly land ; but the settlers at Green Bay and Prairie du Chien were 
 mostly French Canadians at this date, although a few were Americans. The General Govern- 
 ment, however, began to take measures preparatory to its occupation, by purchasing, in 1804, a 
 tract in what is now the southwest portion of the State, of the Indians, and by holding the various 
 tribes to a strict account for any murders committed by them on American citizens passing 
 through their territories or trading with them. Comparative peace reigned in the incipient settle- 
 ments at the head of Green bay and at the mouth of the Wisconsin, which was changed by the 
 breaking out of the war of 1812, with Great Britain. 
 
 The English early succeeded in securing the Wisconsin Indian tribes as their allies in this 
 war; and the taking of Mackinaw by the British in July, 1812, virtually put the latter in posses- 
 sion of what is novv the eastern portion of the State. Early in 18 14, the government authorities 
 of the United States caused to be fitted out at St. Louis a large boat, having on board all the 
 men that could be mustered and spared from the lower country, and sent up the Mississippi to 
 protect the upper region and the few settlers therein. The troops landed at Prairie du Chien, 
 and immediately proceeded to fortify. Not long after. Colonel McKay, of the British army, 
 crossing the country by course of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, with over five hundred British 
 and Indians, received the surrender of the whole force. The officers and men were paroled and 
 sent down the river. This was the only battle fought upon Wisconsin soil during the last war 
 with England. The post at Prairie du Chien was left in command of a captain with two compa- 
 nies from Mackinaw. He remained there until after the peace of 1815, when the place was 
 evacuated by the British. 
 
 When it became generally known to the Indian tribes in what is now Wisconsin, that the 
 contest between the United States and Great Britain was at an end, they generally expressed 
 themselves as ready and willing to make treaties with the General Government — eager, in fact, 
 to establish friendly relations with the power they had so recently been hostile to. This was, 
 therefore, a favorable moment for taking actual possession of the country between the Missis- 
 sippi and Lake Michigan ; and United States troops were soon ordered to occupy the two prom- 
 inent points between Green Bay and Prairie du Chien. At the former place was erected Fort 
 Howard; at the latter Fort Crawford. At Green Bay, half a hundred (or less) French Cana- 
 dians cultivated the soil; at Prairie du Chien, there were not more than thirty houses, mostly 
 occupied by traders, while on the prairie outside the village, a number of farms were cultivated. 
 Such was Wisconsin when, at the close of the last war with Great Britain, it began in earnest to 
 be occupied by Americans. The latter were few in number, but in 1S18, they began to feel, now 
 that the country was attached to Michigan Territory and the laws of the United States were 
 extended over them, that they were not altogether beyond the protection of a government of their 
 own, notwitlistanding they were surrounded by savage tribes. Their happiness was increased 
 upon the erection, by proclamation of Lewis Cass, governor of the Territory of Michigan, of 
 three Territorial counties: Michilimackinac, Brown and Crawford. Their establishment dates 
 
PRE-TERRITORIAL ANNALS OF WISCONSIN. 37 
 
 the twenty-sixth of October, iSi8. The county of Michilimackinac not only included all of the 
 present State of Wisconsin lying north of a line drawn due west from near the head of the Little 
 Noquet bay, but territory east and west of it, so as to reach from Lake Huron to the Missis- 
 sippi river. Its county seat was established "at the Borough of Michilimackinac." -The whole 
 area in Michigan Territory south of the county of Michilimackinac and west of Lake Michigan 
 formed the two counties of Brown and Crawford: the former to include the area east of a line 
 drawn due north and south through the middle of the portage between the Fo.x river of Green 
 bay and the Wisconsin ; the latter to include the whole region west of that line. Prairie du 
 Chien was designated as the county seat of Crawford; Green Bay, of Brown county. On the 
 22d of December, 1826, a county named Chippewa was formed from the northern portions of 
 Michilimackinac, including the southern shores of Lake Superior throughout its entire length, 
 and e.xtending from the straits leading from that lake into Lakp Huron, west to the western 
 boundary line of Michigan Territory, with the county seat " at such point in the vicinity of the 
 Sault de Ste. Marie, as a majority of the county commissioners to be appointed shall designate." 
 Embraced within this county, — its southern boundary being the parallel 46° 31' north latitude, — 
 was all the territory of the present State of Wisconsin now bordering on Lake Superior. 
 
 Immediately upon the erection of Brown and Crawford counties, they were organized, and 
 their offices filled by appointment of the governor. County courts were established, consisting 
 of one chief and two associate justices, either of whom formed a <iuorum. They were required 
 to hold one term of court annually in their respective counties. These county courts had origi- 
 nal and exclusive jurisdiction in all civil cases, both in law and equity, where the matter in dis- 
 pute exceeded the jurisdiction of a justice of the peace, and did not exceed the value of one 
 thousand dollars. They had, however, no jurisdiction in ejectment. They had exclusive cog- 
 nizance of all offenses the punishment whereof was not capital, and the same power to issue 
 remedial and other process, writs of error and mandamus excepted, that the supreme court had 
 at Detroit. Appeals from justices of the peace were made to the county courts. 
 
 The establishing of Indian agencies by the General Government ; the holding of treaties 
 with some of the Indian tribes; the adjustment of land claims at Green Bay and Prairie du 
 Chien ; the appointment of postmasters at these two points, were all indications of a proper 
 interest being taken by the United States in the affairs of the country. But a drawback to this 
 region, was the fact that, in all civil cases of over a thousand dollars, and in criminal cases that 
 were capital, as well as in actions of ejectment, and in the allowance of writs of error, and man- 
 damus, recourse must be had to the supreme court at Detroit; the latter place being the seat of 
 government of Michigan Territory. However, in January, 1823, an act of congress provided 
 for a district court, and for the appointment of a judge, for the counties of Brown, Crawford, 
 and Michilimackinac. This court had concurrent jurisdiction, civil and criminal, with the 
 supreme court of the Territory, in most cases, subject, however, to have its decisions taken to the 
 latter tribunal by a writ of error. The law provided for holding one term of court in each year, 
 in each of the counties named in the act ; so, at last, there was to be an administration of justice 
 at home, and the people were to be relieved from all military arbitrations, which frequently had 
 been imposed upon them. James Duane Doty was appointed judge of this court at its organiza- 
 tion. A May term of the court was held in Prairie du Chien; a June term in Green Bay; a 
 July term in " the Borough of Michilimackinac," in each year. In 1824, Henry S. Baird, of 
 Brown county, was appointed district attorney. Doty held the office of judge until May, 1832, 
 when he was succeeded by David Irvin. This court continued until 1836, when it was abrogated 
 by the organization of the Territory of Wisconsin. 
 
 For a long time it had been known that there were lead mines in what is now the south- 
 
38 HISTORY OF WISCON^SIN. 
 
 western portion of the State; but it was not until the year 1825, and tlie two following years, that 
 very general attention was attracted to them, which eventuated in the settlement of different 
 places in that region, by Americans, who came to dig for lead ore. This rapid increase of 
 settlers awakened the jealousy of the Winnebago Indians, at what they deemed an unauthorized 
 intrusion upon their lands, which, with other causes operating unfavorably upon their mirids, 
 aroused them in June, 1827, to open acts of hostility. Murders became fretpient. Finally, the 
 militia of Prairie du Chien were called out. On the twenty-ninth of August, Brigadier-General 
 Henry Atkinson, of the United States army, with a strong force of regulars, ascended the Wis- 
 consin river to put an end to any further spread of Winnebago disturbances. He was joined on 
 the first of September, by one hundred and thirty Galena volunteers, mounted, and under com- 
 mand of General Henry Dodge. The Winnebagoes were awed into submission-. Thus ended 
 the " Winnebago War." It was followed by the erection at the portage of Fort Winnebago, bv 
 the United States. 
 
 After the restoration of tranquillity, the United States proceeded by treaty with the Indians, 
 to secure the right to occupy the lead regions. This was in 1828. The next year, the General 
 Government purchased of the Winnebagoes, Southwestern Wisconsin, which put an end to all 
 trouble on account of mining operations. On the ninth of October, 1829, a county was formed, 
 by the legislative council of the Territory of Michigan, comprising all that part of Crawford 
 county lying south of the Wisconsin river. This new county was called Iowa. The county 
 seat was temporarily establislied at Mineral Point. Following this was a treaty in 1831, with the 
 Menomonees, for all their lands east of Green bay, Winnebago lake, and the Fox and Milwaukee 
 rivers. 
 
 There was now a crisis at hand. The most prominent event to be recorded in the pre-Ter- 
 ritorial annals of Wisconsin is known as the Black Hawk War. This conflict of arms between 
 the Sacs and Foxes and the United States arose from a controversy in regard to lands. By a 
 treaty made at Fort Harmar, just across the River Muskingum from Marietta, Ohio, in January, 
 1789, the Pottawattamie and Sac tribes of Indians, among others, were received into the friend- 
 ship of the General Government, and a league of peace and unity established between the con- 
 tracting parties On the third of November, 1804, a treaty at St. Louis stipulated that the 
 united Sac and Fox tribes should be received into the friendship of the United States, and also 
 be placed under their protection. These tribes also agreed to consider themselves under the pro- 
 tection of the General Government and of no other power whatsoever. At this treaty lands were 
 ceded which were circumscribed by a boundary beginning at a point on the Missouri river 
 opposite the mouth of the Gasconade, and running thence in a direct course so as to strike the 
 River Jefferson at the distance of thirty miles from its mouth, and down that stream to the Missis- 
 sippi. It then ran up the latter river to the mouth of the Wisconsin, and up that stream to a 
 point thirty-six miles in a direct line from its mouth ; thence by a straight course to a point 
 where the Fox river of the Illinois leaves the small lake then called Sakaegan, and from that 
 point down the Fox to the Illinois, and down the latter to the Mississippi. The consideration for 
 this cession was the payment of goods to the value of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four 
 dollars and fifty cents, and a yearly annuity of one thousand dollars — six hundred to be paid to 
 the Sacs and four hundred to the Foxes — to be liquidated in goods valued at first cost. After- 
 ward, Fort Madison was erected just above the Des Moines rapids in the Mississippi, on the ter- 
 ritory ceded at the last mentioned treaty. Then followed the war with Great Britain, and the 
 Sacs and Foxes agreed to take no part therein. However, a portion afterward joined the 
 English against the Americans along with other Western tribes. At the restoration of peace the 
 Sacs and Foxes held treaties with the United States. There was a renewal of the treaty of 1804. 
 
PEE-TEKRITORIAL ANNALS OF WISCONSIN. 39 
 
 Such in brief is a general outline of affairs, so far as those two tribes were concerned, down to the 
 close of the last war with England. From this time, to the year 1830, several additional treaties 
 were made with the Sacs and Foxes by the General Government : one in 1822, by which they relin- 
 quished their right to have the United States establish a trading house or factory at a convenient 
 point at which the Indians could trade and save themselves from the imposition of traders, for 
 which they were paid the sum of one thousand dollars in merchandise. Again, in 1824, they 
 sold to the General Government all their lands in Missouri, north of Missouri river, for wliich 
 they received one thousand dollars the same year, and an annuity of one thousand dollars for ten 
 years. In 1S30, they ceded to the United States a strip of land twenty miles wide from the Mis- 
 sissippi to the Des Moines, on the north side of their territory. The time had now come for the 
 two tribes to leave the eastern shore of the Mississippi and retire across the " great water." 
 Keokuk, the Watchful Fox, erected his wigwam on the west side of the river, and was followed 
 by a large part of the two tribes. But a band headed by Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, or the 
 Black Sparrow Hawk, commonly called Black Hawk, refused to leave their village near Rock 
 Island. They contended that they had not sold their town to the United States ; and, upon 
 their return early in 1831, from a hunt across the Mississippi, finding their village and fields in 
 possession of the whites, they determined to repossess their homes at all hazards. This was 
 looked upon, or called, an encroachment by the settlers ; so the governor of Illinois took the 
 responsibility of declaring the State invaded, and asked the United States to drive the refractory 
 Indians beyond the Mississippi. The result was, the Indian village was destroyed by Illinois 
 volunteers. This and the threatened advance across the river by the United States commander, 
 brought Black Hawk and his followers to terms. They sued for peace — agreeing to remain 
 forever on the west side of the Mississippi. But this truce was of short duration. 
 
 Early in the Spring of 1832, Black Hawk having assembled his forces on the Mississippi, in 
 the vicinity of the locality where Fort Madison had stood, crossed that stream and ascended 
 Rock river. This was the signal for war. The governor of Illinois made a call for volunteers; 
 and, in a brief space of time, eighteen hundred had assembled at Beardstown, Cass county. 
 They marched for the mouth of Rock river, where a council of war was held by their officers 
 and Brigadier-General Henry .\tkinson, of the regular forces. The Indians were sent word by 
 General Atkinson that they must return and recross the Mississippi, or they would be driven 
 back by force. " If you wish to fight us, come on," was the laconic but defiant reply of the Sac 
 chief. When the attempt was made to compel these Indians to go back across the " great river," 
 a collision occurred between the Illinois militia and Black Hawk's braves, resulting in the dis- 
 comfiture of the former with the loss of eleven men. Soon afterward the volunteers were dis- 
 charged, and the first campaign of Black Hawk's War was at an end. This was in May, 1S32. 
 
 In June following, a new force had been raised and put under the command of General 
 .\tkinson, who commenced his march u]) Rock river. Before this, there had been a general 
 "forting" in the lead region, including the whole country in Southwest Wisconsin, notwithstand- 
 ing which, a number of settlers had been killed by the savages, mostly in Illinois. Squads of 
 volunteers, in two or three instances, had encountered the Indians; and in one with entire suc- 
 cess — upon the Pecatonica, in what is now Lafayette county, Wisconsin — every savage (and 
 there were seventeen of them) being killed. The loss of the volunteers was three killed and 
 wounded. Atkinson's march up Rock river was attended with some skirmishing; when, being 
 informed that Black Hawk and his force were at Lake Koshkonong, in the southwest corner of 
 what is now Jefferson county, Wisconsin, he immediately moved thither with a portion of his 
 army, where the whole force was ordered to concentrate. But the Sac chief with his people had 
 flown. Colonels Henry Dodge and James D. Henry, with the forces under them, discovered the 
 
40 HISTORY OF WISCOiNrSIN. 
 
 trail of the savages, leading in the direction of the Wisconsin river. It was evident that the 
 retreating force was large, and that it had but recently passed. The pursuing troops hastened 
 their march. On the twenty-first of July, 1832, they arrived at the hills which skirt the left bank 
 of that stream, in what is now Ro.xbury town (township), Dane county. Here was Black 
 Hawk's whole force, including women and children, the aged and infirm, hastening by every 
 effort to escape across the river. But that this might now be effected, it became necessary for 
 that chief to make a firm stand, to cover the retreat. The Indians were in the bottom lands 
 when the pursuing whites made their appearance upon the heights in their rear. Colonel Dodge 
 occupied the front and sustained the first attack of the Indians. He was soon joined by Henry 
 with his force, when they obtained a complete victory. The action commenced about five 
 o'clock in the afternoon and ended at sunset. Tlie enemy, numbering not less than five hundred, 
 sustainetl a loss of about sixty killed and a large number wounded. The loss of the Americans 
 was one killed and eight wounded. This conflict has since been known as the battle of Wis- 
 consin Heights. 
 
 During the night following the battle. Black Hawk made his escape with his remaining force 
 and people down the Wisconsin river. The women and children made their way down stream 
 in canoes, while the warriors marched on foot along the shore. The Indians were pursued in 
 their flight, and were finally brought to a stand on the Mississippi river, near the mouth of the 
 Bad Axe, on the west boundary of what is now Vernon county, Wisconsin. About two o'clock 
 on the morning of the second of August, the line of march began to the scene of the last con- 
 flict in the Black Hawk War. Dodge's command formed the advance, supported by regular 
 troops, under Colonel Zachary Taylor, afterward president of the United States. Meanwhile an 
 armed steamboat had moved up the Mississippi and lay in front of the savages; so they were 
 attacked on all sides by the exasperated Americans. The battle lasted about two hours, and 
 was a complete victory for the whites. Black Hawk fled, but was soon after captured. This 
 ended the war. 
 
 The survey of public lands by the General Government; the locating and opening of land 
 offices at Mineral Point and Green Buy; the erection of Milwaukee county from a part of 
 Brown, to include all the territory bounded on the east and south by the east and south lines of 
 the present State, on the north by what is now the north boundary. of Washington and Ozaukee 
 counties and farther westward on the north line of township numbered twelve, and on the west 
 by the dividing line between ranges eight and nine; and the changing of the eastern boundary 
 of Iowa county to correspond with the western one of Milwaukee county; — are some of the 
 important events following the close of the Black Hawk war. There was an immediate and 
 rapid increase of immigration, not only in the mining region but in various other parts of what 
 is now Wisconsin, more especiqlly in that portion bordering on Lake Michigan. The interior 
 was yet sparsely settled. By th*; act of June 28, 1834, congress having attached to the Territory 
 of Michigan, for judicial purposes, all the country "west of the Mississippi river, and north of 
 the State of Missouri," comprising the whole of what is now the State of Iowa, all of the present 
 State of Minnesota west of the Mississippi river, and more than half of what is now the Terri- 
 tory of Dakota, the legislative council of Michigan Territory extended her laws over the whole 
 area, dividing it on the 6th of September, 1834, by a line drawn due west from the lower end of 
 Rock island to the Missouri river into two counties: the country south of that line constituting 
 the county of Des Moines; north of the line, to be known as the county of Dubuque. This 
 whole region west of the Mississippi was known as the Iowa district. Immediately after the 
 treaty of 1832 with the Sacs and Foxes, the United States having come into ownership of a large 
 tract in this district, several families crossed the Mississippi, and settled on the purchase, but as 
 
WISCONSIN TERRITORY. 41 
 
 the time provided for the Indians to give possession was the first of June, 1833, these settlers 
 were dispossessed by order of the General Government. So soon, however, as the Indians yielded 
 possession, settlements began, but, from the date just mentioned until September, 1834, after the 
 district was attached, for judicial purposes, to Michigan Territory, it was without any municipal 
 law whatever. The organization of the counties of Dubuque and Des Moines on the sixth of 
 that month, secured, of course a regular administration of justice. In 1835, in order to facili- 
 tate intercourse between the two remote military posts of Fort Howard at Green Bay, and Fort 
 Crawford at Prairie du Chien, a military road was commenced to connect the two points ; so, 
 one improvement followed another. On the 9th of January, 1836, a session (the first one) of 
 the seventh legislative council of Michigan Territory — that is, of so much of it as lay to the 
 westward of Lake Michigan — was held at Green Bay, and a memorial adopted, asking Congress 
 for the formation of a new Territory west of that lake ; to include all of Michigan Territory not 
 embraced in the proposed State of Michigan. Congress, as will now be shown, very soon com- 
 plied with the request of the memorialists. 
 
 IV.— WISCONSIN TERRITORY. 
 
 The establishing of a separate and distinct Territory west of Lake Michigan, was the result 
 of the prospective admission of Michigan into the Union (an event which took place not until 
 the twenty-sixth of January, 1837), as the population, in all the region outside of the boundaries 
 determined upon by the people for that State, would otherwise be left without a government, or, 
 at least, it would be necessary to change the capital of the old Michigan Territory farther to the 
 westward ; so it was thought best to erect a new territory, to be called Wisconsin (an Indian 
 word signifying wild rushing water, or channel, so called from the principal eastern tributary of 
 the Mississippi within its borders), which was done by an act of congress, approved April 20, 
 1836, to take effect from and after the third day of July following. The Territory was made to 
 include all that is now embraced within the States of Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, and a part of 
 the Territory of Dakota, more particularly described within boundaries commencing at the north- 
 east corner of the State of Illinois, running thence through the middle of Lake Michigan to a 
 point opposite the main channel of Green bay ; thence through that channel and the bay to the 
 mouth of the Menomonee river ; thence up that stream to its head, which is nearest the lake of the 
 Desert ; thence to the middle of that lake ; thence down the Montreal river to its mouth ; thence 
 with a direct line across Lake Superior to where the territorial line of the United States last touches 
 the lake northwest; thence on the north, with the territorial line, to the White Earth river; on the 
 west by a line drawn down the middle of the main channel of that stream to the Missouri river, 
 and down the middle of the main channel of the last mentioned stream to the northwest corner of 
 the State of Missouri ; and thence with the boundaries of the States of Missouri and Illinois, as 
 already fixed by act of congress, to the place or point of beginning. Its counties were Brown, 
 Milwaukee, Iowa, Crawford, Dubuque, and Des Moines, with a portion of Chippewa and Michili- 
 mackinac left unorganized. Although, at this time, the State of Michigan was only engaged, so 
 to speak, to the Union, to include the two peninsulas (many of its citizens preferring in lieu 
 thereof the lower one only, with a small slice off the northern boundary of the State of Ohio as 
 now constituted), yet the marriage ceremony was performed, as has been stated, a few months 
 afterward. 
 
 The act of congress establishing the Territorial government of Wisconsin was very full and 
 complete. It first determined its boundaries ; then it declared that all authority of the govern- 
 ment of Michigan over the new Territory should cease on the fourth day of July, 1836, with a 
 
42 HISTORY OF WISCOKSIN. 
 
 proper reservation of rights in favor of the Indians. It provided for subsequently dividing tne 
 Territory into one or more, should congress deem it wise so to do. It also declared that the 
 executive power and authority in and over the Territory should be vested in a governor, at the same 
 time defining his powers. It provided for the appointment of a secretary, stating what his duties 
 should be. The legislative power was vested in the governor and legislative assembly, the latter 
 to consist of a council and house of representatives, answering respectively to the senate and 
 assembly, as states are usually organized. There was a provision for taking the census of the 
 several counties, and one giving the governor power to name the time, place, and manner of 
 holdintr the first election, and to declare the number of members of the council and house of 
 representatives to which each county should be entitled. He was also to determine where the 
 first legislative assembly should meet, and a wise provision was that the latter should not be in 
 session in any one year more than seventy-five days. 
 
 One section of the act declared who should be entitled to vote and hold office ; another 
 defined the extent of the powers of the legislature, and a third provided that all laws should be 
 submitted to congress for their approval or rejection. There was a section designating what 
 offices should be elective and what ones should be filled by the governor. There were others 
 regulating' the judiciary for the Territory and declaring what offices should be appointed by the 
 United States, providing for their taking the proper oaths of office and regulating their salaries. 
 One, perhaps the most important of all, declared that the Territory should be entitled to and enjoy 
 all the rights, privileges, and advantages granted by the celebrated ordinance of 1787. There 
 was also a provision for the election of a delegate to the house of representatives of the United 
 States ; and a declaration that all suits and indictments pending in the old courts should be con- 
 tinued in the new ones. Five thousand dollars were appropriated for a library for the accommo- 
 dation of the legislative assembly of the Territory and of its supreme court. 
 
 For the new Territory, Henry Dodge was, on the 30th of April, 1836, by Andrew Jackson, 
 then President of the United States, commissioned governor. John S. Horner was commissioned 
 secretary; Charles Dunn, chief justice; David Irvin and William C. Frazer, associate judges; 
 W. W. Chapman, attorney, and Francis Gehon, marshal. The machinery of a territorial gov- 
 ernment was thus formed, which was set in motion by these officers taking the prescribed oath of 
 office. The next important step to be taken was to organize the Territorial legislature. The 
 provisions of the organic act relative to the enumeration of the population of the Territory were 
 that previously to the first election, the governor should cause the ceusus of the inhabitants of 
 the several counties to be taken by the several sheriff's, and that the latter should make returns of 
 the same to the Executive. These figures gave to Des Moines county, 6,257 ; Iowa county, 
 5,234; Dubuque county, 4,274; Milwaukee county, 2,893; Brown county, 2,706; Crawford 
 county, 850. The entire population, therefore, of Wisconsin Territory in the summer of 1836, 
 as given by the first census was, in precise numbers, twenty-two thousand two hundred and four- 
 teen, of which the two counties west of the Mississippi furnished nearly one half. The apportion- 
 ment, after the census had been taken, made by the governor, gave to the diff'erent counties thir- 
 teen councilmen and twenty-six representatives. Brown county got two councilmen and three 
 representatives ; Crawford, two representatives, but no councilmen ; Milwaukee, two councilmen 
 and three representatives ; Iowa, Dubuque and Des Moines, each three councilmen ; but of repre- 
 sentatives, Iowa got six; Dubuque, five, and Des Moines, seven. The election was held on the 
 tenth of October, 1836, exciting considerable interest, growing out, chiefly, of local considera- 
 tions. The permanent location of the capital, the division of counties, and the location of county 
 seats, were the principal questions influencing the voters. There were elected from the county 
 of Brown, Henry S. Baird and John P. Arndt, members of the council; Ebenezer Childs, Albert 
 
WISCONSIN TERRITORY. 43 
 
 G. Ellis and Alexander J. Irwin, members of the house of representatives ; from Milwaukee, 
 the councilmen were Gilbert Knapp and Alanson Sweet ; representatives, William B. Sheldon, 
 Madison W. Cornwall and Charles Durkee : from Iowa, councilmen, EbenezerBrigham, John B. 
 Terry and James R. Vineyard ; representatives, William Boyles, G. F. Smith, D. M. Parkinson, 
 Thomas McKnight, T. Shanley and J. P. Cox : from Dubuque, councilmen, John Foley, Thomas 
 McCraney and Thomas McKnight ; representatives, Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlin, Hosea T. 
 Camp, P. H. Engle and Patrick Quigley: from Des Moines, councilmen, Jeremiah Smith, Jr., 
 Joseph B. Teas and Arthur B. Inghram ; representatives, Isaac Leffler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. 
 Jenkins, John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds and David R. Chance : from Crawford, repre- 
 sentatives, James H. Lockwood and James B. Dallam. 
 
 Belmont, in the present county of LaFayette, then in Iowa county, was, by the governor, 
 appointed the place for the meeting of the legislature ; he also fixed the time — the twenty-fifth 
 of October. A quorum was in attendance in both branches at the time decided upon for their 
 assembling, and the two houses were speedily organized by the election of Peter Hill Fngle, of 
 Dubuque, speaker of the house, and Henry S. Baird, of Brown, president of the council. Each 
 of the separate divisions of the government — the executive, the judicial, and the legislative — 
 was now in working order, except that it remained for the legislature to divide the Territory into 
 judicial districts, and make an assignment of the judges ; and for the governor to appoint a Ter- 
 ritorial treasurer, auditor and attor^ney general. The act of congress establishing the Terri- 
 tory required that it should be divided into three judicial districts. The counties of Crawford 
 and Iowa v/ere constitued by the legislature the first district, to which was assigned Chief Justice 
 Dunn. The second district was composed of the counties of Des Moines and Dubuque ; to it 
 was assigned Associate Judge Irvin. The third district was formed of the counties of Brown 
 and Milwaukee, to which was assigned Associate Judge Frazer. 
 
 Governor Dodge, in his first message to the Territorial legislature, directed attention to the 
 necessity for defining the jurisdiction and powers of the several courts, and recommended that 
 congress should be- memorialized to extend the right of pre-emption to actual settlers upon the 
 public lands and to miners on mineral lands; also, to remove the obstructions in the rapids 
 of the Upper Mississippi, to construct harbors and light-houses on Lake Michigan, to improve 
 the navigation of Fox river and to survey the same from its mouth to Fort Winnebago, to 
 increase the amount of lands granted to the Territory for school purposes, and to organize and 
 arm the militia for the protection of the frontier settlements. The first act passed by the legis- 
 lature was one privileging members from arrest in certain cases and conferring on themselves 
 power to punish parties for contempt. The second one established the three judicial districts 
 and assigned the judges thereto. One was passed to borrow money to defray the expenses 
 of the session ; others protecting a.l lands donated to the Territory by the United States in aid 
 of schools, and creating a common school fund. A memorial to congress was adopted request- 
 ing authorization to sell the school-section in each township, and appropriate the money arising 
 therefrom for increasing the fund for schools. 
 
 During this session, five counties were "set off" west of the Mississippi river: Lee, Van 
 Buren, Henry, Louisa, Muscatine, and Cook; and fifteen east of that stream: Walworth, Racine, 
 Jefferson, Dane, Portage, Dodge, Washington, Sheboygan, Fond du Lac, Calumet, Manitowoc, 
 Marquette, Rock, Grant and Green. 
 
 The principal question agitating the legislature at its first session was the location of the 
 capital. Already the people west of the Mississippi were speculating upon the establishment of 
 a Territory on that side the river, prospects for which would be enhanced evidently, by placing 
 the seat of government somewhat in a central position east of that stream, for Wisconsin 
 
44 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Territory. Now, as Madison was a point answering such requirements she triumphed over all 
 competitors; and the latter numbered a dozen or more — including, among others, Fond du Lac, 
 Milwaukee, Racine, Belmont, Mineral Point, Green Bay, and Cassville. The struggle over this 
 question was one of the most exciting ever witnessed in the Territorial legislature. Madison 
 was fixed upon as the seat of government, but it was provided that sessions of the legislature 
 should be held at Burlington, in Des Moines county, until the fourth of March, 1S39, unless the 
 public buildings in the new capital should be sooner completed. After an enactment that the 
 legislature should thereafter meet on the first Monday of November of each year, both houses, 
 on the nirith day of December, 1836, adjourned sine die. 
 
 In the act of congress establishing the Territory of Wisconsin it was provided that a delegate 
 to the house of representatives of the United States, to serve for the term of two years, should 
 be elected by the voters qualified to elect members of the legislative assembly-, and that the 
 first election should be held at such time and place or places, and be conducted in such manner 
 as the governor of the Territory should appoint and direct. In pursuance of this enactment. 
 Governor Dodge directed that the election for delegate should be at the time and places 
 appointed for the election of members of the legislative assembly — the loth of October, 1S36. 
 The successful candidate for that oflSce was George W. Jones, of Sinsinawa Mound, Iowa 
 county — in that portion which was afterward "set off " as Grant county. Jones, under the act 
 of 1819, had been elected a delegate for Michigan Territory, in October, 1835, and took his 
 seat at the ensuing session, in December of that year. By the act of June 15, 1836, the consti- 
 tution and State government which the people of Michigan had formed for themselves was 
 accepted, ratified and confirmed, and she was declared to be one of the United States of 
 America, so that the term of two years for which Jones had been elected was cut short, as, in 
 the nature of the case, his term could not survive the existence of 'the Territory he represented. 
 But, as he was a candidate for election to represent the new Territory of Wisconsin in congress 
 as a delegate, and was successful, he took his seat at the commencement of the second session of 
 the twenty-fourth congress — December 12, 1836, notwithstanding he had been elected only a 
 little over two months. 
 
 The first term of the supreme court of the Territory was held at Belmont on the 8th day of 
 December. There were present, Charles Dunn, chief justice, and David Irvin, associate judge. 
 John Catlin was appointed clerk, and Henry S. Baird having previously been commissioned 
 attorney general for the Territory by Governor Dodge, appeared before the court and took the 
 oath of office. Causes in which the United States was party or interested were looked after by 
 the United States attorney, who received his appointment from the president; while all cases 
 in which the Territory was interested was attended to by the attorney general, whose commission 
 was signed by the governor. The appointing of a crier and reporter and the admission of 
 several attorneys to jiractice, completed the business for the term. The annual term appointed 
 for the third Monday of July of the following year, at Madison, was not held; as no business for 
 the action of the court had matured. 
 
 At the time of the complete organization of the Territory of Wisconsin, when the whole 
 machinery had been put fairly in motion ; when its first legislature at its first session had, after 
 passing forty-two laws and three joint resolutions, in forty-six days, adjourned; — at this time, 
 the entire portion west of the Mississippi had, in round numbers, a population of only eleven 
 thousand; while the sparsely settled mineral region, the military establishments — Fort Craw- 
 ford, Fort Winnebago, and Fort Howard — and the settlements at or near them, with the village 
 of Milwaukee, constituted about all there was of the Territory east of that river, aggregating 
 about twelve thousand inhabitants. There was no land in market, except a narrow strip along 
 
WISCONSIN TERRITORY. 45 
 
 the shore of Lake Michigan, and in the vicinity of Green bay. The residue of the country 
 south and east of the Wisconsin and Fox rivers was open only to preemption by actual settlers. 
 The Indian tribes still claimed a large portion of the lands. On the north and as far west as 
 the Red river of the north were located the Chippewas. The southern limits of their posses- 
 sions were defined by a line drawn from a point on that stream in about latitude 46° 30' in a 
 southeasterly direction to the head of Lake St. Croix ; thence in the same general direction to 
 what is now Stevens Point, in the present Portage county, Wisconsin ; thence nearly east to 
 Wolf river; and thence in a direction nearly northeast to the Menomonee river. The whole 
 country bounded by the Red river and Mississippi on the east; the parallel of about 43° of 
 latitude on the south; the Missouri and White Earth river on the west; and the Territorial line 
 on the north, was occupied by the Sioux. In the southwest part of the Territory, lying mostly 
 south of latitude 43°^ in the country reaching to the Missouri State boundary line south, and 
 to the Missouri river west^ — were the homes of the Pottawattamies, the lowas, and the Sacs and 
 Foxes. Between the Wisconsin river and the Mississippi, and extending north to the south 
 line of the Chippewas was the territory of the Winnebagoes. East of the Winnebagoes in the 
 country north of the Fox river of Green bay were located the Menomonees, their lands 
 extending to Wolf river. Such was the general outline of Indian occupancy in Wisconsin 
 Territory at its organization. A portion of the country east of Wolf river and north of Green 
 bay and the Fox river ; the whole of the area lying south of Green bay. Fox river and the 
 Wisconsin; and a strip of territory immediately west of the Mississippi, about fifty miles in 
 width, and extending from the Missouri State line as far north as the northern boundary of the 
 present State of Iowa, constituted the whole extent of country over which the Indians had 
 no claim. 
 
 The second session of the first legislative assembly of the Territory began at Burlington, 
 now the county seat of Des Moines county, Iowa, on the 6th of November, 1S37. The governor, 
 in his message, recommended a codification of the laws, the organization of the militia, and other 
 measures of interest to the people. An act was passed providing for taking another census, and 
 one abolishing imprisonment for debt. By a joint resolution, congress was urged to make an 
 appropriation of twenty thousand dollars in money, and two townships of land for a " University 
 of the Territory of Wisconsin." The money was not appropriated, but the land was granted — 
 forty-six thousand and eighty acres. This was the fundamental endowment of the present State 
 university, at Madison. A bill was also passed to regulate the sale of school lands, and to 
 prepare for organizing, regulating and perfecting schools. Another act, which passed the 
 legislature at this session, proved an apple of discord to the people of the Territory. The 
 measure was intended to provide ways and means whereby to connect, by canals and slack- 
 water, the waters of Lake Michigan with those of the Mississippi, by way of Rock river, the 
 Catfish, the four lakes and the Wisconsin, by the incorporation of the Milwaukee and Rock 
 river canal company. This company was given authority to apply to congress for an appro- 
 priation in money or lands to aid in the construction of the work, which was to have its eastern 
 outlet in the Milwaukee river, and to unite at its western terminus with Rock river, near the 
 present village of Jefferson, in Jefferson county. The result was that a grant of land of odd- 
 numbered sections in a strip of territory five miles on each side of the line of the proposed canal 
 was secured, and in July, 1839, over forty thousand acres were sold at the minimum price of 
 two dollars and fifty cents per acre. However, owing mainly to the fact that purchasers were 
 compelled to pay double the government price for their lands — owing also to the circumstance 
 of an antagonism growing up between the officers of the canal company and the Territorial 
 officers intrusted wifti the disposition of the lands, and to conflicts between'the beneficiaries of 
 
46 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 the grant and some of the leading politicians of the time — the whole scheme proved a curse 
 and a blight rather than a blessing, and eventuating, of course, in the total failure of the project. 
 There had been much Territorial and State legislation concerning the matter ; but very little 
 work, meanwhile, was done on the canal. It is only within the year 1875 that an apparent 
 quietus has been given to the subject, and legislative enactments forever put at rest. 
 
 Fourteen counties were set off during this session of the legislature at Burlington — all 
 west of the Mississippi. They were Benton, Buchanan, Cedar, Clinton, Delaware, Fayette, 
 Jackson, Johnson, Jones, Keokuk, Linn, Slaughter, Scott and Clayton. One hundred and five 
 acts and twenty joint resolutions were passed. On the 20th of January, 1S38, both houses 
 adjourned until the second Monday of June following. 
 
 The census of tlie Territory having been taken in May, the special session of the first legis- 
 lature commenced on the eleventh of June, 1838, at Burlington, pursuant to adjournment, mainly 
 for the purpose of making a new apportionment of members of tlie house. This was effected by 
 giving twelve members to the counties east of the Mississippi, and fourteen to those west of that 
 stream, to be contingent, Iiowever, upon the division of the Territory, which, measure was not 
 only then before congress, but had been actually passed by that body, though unknown to the 
 Territorial legislature. The law made it incumbent on the governor, in the event of the Terri- 
 tory being divided before the next general election, to make an apportionment for the part 
 remaining, — enacting that the one made by the act of the legislature should, in that case, have 
 no effect. Having provided that the next session should be held at Madison, the legislative body 
 adjourned siiie die on the twenty-fifth of June, 1S38, the public buildings at the new capital 
 having been put under contract in April, previous. Up to this time, the officers of the Territory 
 at large, appointed by the president of the United States at its organization, had remained 
 unchanged, except that the secretary, John S. Horner, had been rembved and his place given to 
 William B. Slaughter, by appointment, dated February 16, 1837. Now there were two other 
 changes made. On the nineteenth of June, Edward James was commissioned marshal, and on 
 the fifth of July, Moses M. Strong was commissioned attorney of the United States for the Ter- 
 ritory. By an act of congress, approved June 12, 1838, to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, 
 and to establish a Territorial government west of the Mississippi, it was provided that from and 
 after the third day of July following, all that part of Wisconsin Territory lying west of that river 
 and west of a line drawn due north from its headwaters or sources to the Territorial line, for the 
 purposes of a Territorial government should be set apart and known by the name of Iowa. It 
 was further enacted that the Territory of Wisconsin should thereafter extend westward only to 
 the Mississippi. It will be seen therefore that all that portion of the present State of Minnesota, 
 extending eastward from the Mississippi to the St. Croix and northward to the United States 
 boundary line, was then a part of Wisconsin Territory, even after the organization of the Terri- 
 tory of Iowa. The census taken in May, just previous to the passage of this act, gave a total 
 population to the several counties of the Territory, east of the Mississippi, of 18,149. 
 
 On the third Monday of July, 1838, the annual terms of the supreme court — the first one 
 after the re-organization of the Territory of Wisconsin — was lield at Madison. There were 
 present Chief Justice Dunn and Associate Judge Frazer. After admitting five attorneys to 
 practice, hearing several motions, and granting several rules, the court adjourned. All the terms 
 of the Supreme Court thereafter were held at Madison. 
 
 At an election held in the Territory on the tenth day of September, 1838, James Duane Doty 
 received the highest number of votes for the office of delegate to congress, and was declared by 
 Governor Dodge duly elected, by a certificate of election, issued on the twenty-seventh day of 
 October following. Upon the commencement of the third session of the twenty- fifth congress 
 
WISCONSIN TERRITORY. 47 
 
 on Monday, December lo, 1838, Isaac E. Crary, member from Michigan, announced to the chair 
 of the house of representatives that Doty was in attendance as delegate from Wisconsin Terri- 
 tory, and moved that he be qualified. Jones, the former delegate, then rose and protested 
 against Doty's right to the seat, claiming that his (Jones') term had not expired. The basisJor 
 his claim was that under the act of 1817, a delegate must be elected only for one congress, and 
 not for parts of two congressional terms; that his term as a delegate from Wisconsin did not 
 commence until the fourth of March, 1837, and consequently would not expire until the fourth 
 of March, 1839. The subject was finally referred to the committee of elections. This com- 
 mittee, on the fourteenth of January, 1839, reported in favor of Doty's right to his seat as dele- 
 gate, submitting a resolution to that effect which passed the house by a vote of one hundred and 
 sixty-five to twenty-five. Whereupon Doty was qualified as delegate from Wisconsin Territory, 
 and took his seat at the date last mentioned. 
 
 On the 8th of November, Andrew G. Miller was appointed by Martin Van Buren, then 
 president of the United States, associate judge of the supreme court, to succeed Judge Frazer, 
 who died at Milwaukee, on the iSth of October. During this year, Moses M. Strong succeeded 
 W. W. Chapman as United States attorney for the Territory. 
 
 On the 26th day of November, 1838, the legislature of the re-organized Territory of Wis- 
 consin—being the first session of the second legislative assembly — met at Madison. Governor 
 Dodge, in his message, recommended an investigation of the banks then in operation, memorial- 
 izing congress for a grant of lands for the improvement of the Fox river of Green bay and the 
 Wisconsin; the revision of the laws; the division of the Territory into judicial districts; the 
 justice of granting to all miners who have obtained the ownership of mineral grounds under the 
 regulations of the superintendent of the United States lead mines, either by discovery or pur- 
 chase, the right of pre-emption; and the improvement of the harbors on Lake Michigan. 
 
 The attention of this Legislature was directed to the mode in which the commissioners of 
 public buildings had discharged their duties There was an investigation of the three banks 
 then in operation in the Territory — one at Green Bay, one at Mineral Point, and the other at 
 Milwaukee. A plan, also, for the revision of the laws of the Territory was considered. A new 
 assignment was made for the holding of district courts. Chief Justice Dunn was assigned to the 
 first district, composed of the counties of Iowa, Grant and Crawford ; Judge Irvin to the second, 
 composed of the counties of Dane, Jefferson, Rock, Walworth and Green; while Judge Miller 
 was assigned to the third district, composed of Milwaukee, Brown and Racine counties — includ- 
 ing therein the unorganized counties of Washington and Dodge, which, for judicial purposes, 
 were, when constituted by name and boundary, attached to Milwaukee county, and had so 
 remained since that date. The legislature adjourned on the 22d of December, to meet again on 
 the 2istof the following month. "Although," said the president of the council, upon the occasion 
 of the adjournment, "but few acts of a general character have been passed, as the discussions and 
 action of this body have been chiefly confined to bills of a local nature, and to the passage of 
 memorials to the parent government in behalf of the great interests of the Territory; yet it is 
 believed that the concurrent resolutions of the two houses authorizing a revision of the laws, is a 
 measure of infinite importance to the true interests of the people, and to the credit and charac- 
 ter of the Territory." 
 
 Tbe census of the Territory having been taken during the year 1838, showed a population 
 of 18,130, an increase in two years of 6,447. 
 
 The second session of the second legislative assembly commenced on the twenty-first day of 
 January, 1839, agreeable to adjournment. The most important work was the revision of the laws 
 which had been perfected during the recess, by the committee to whom the work was intrusted. 
 
48 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 consisting of three members from each house : from tb.e council, M. L. Martin, Marsiiall M. 
 Strong, and James Collins ; from the house ot representatives, Edward V. Whiton, Augustus 
 Story, and Barlow Shackleford. The act legalizing the revision, took effect on the fourth day of 
 July following. The laws as revised, composed the principal part of those forming the Revised 
 Statutes of 1839, a valuable volume for all classes in the territory — and especially so for the 
 courts and lawyers — during the next ten years. The sine die adjournment of this legislature took 
 place on the nth of March, 1839. 
 
 On the 8th of March of this year, Henry Dodge, whose term for three years as governor 
 was about to expire, was again commissioned by the president of the United States, as governor 
 of the Territory of Wisconsin. At the July term of the supreme court, all the judges were pre- 
 sent, and several cases were heard and decided. A seal for the court was also adopted. The 
 attorney general of the lerritory at this time was H. N. Wells, who had been commissioned by 
 Governor Dodge, on the 30th of March previous, in place of H. S. Baird, resigned. Wells not 
 being in attendance at this term of the court, Franklin J. Munger was appointed by the judge 
 attorney general for that session. The clerk, John Collin having resigned, Simeon Mills was 
 selected by the court to fill his place. From this time, the supreme court met annually, as pro- 
 vided by law, until Wisconsin became a State. 
 
 The next legislature assembled at Madison, on the second of December, 1839. This was 
 the third session of the second legislative assembly of the Territory. The term for which mem- 
 bers of the house were elected, would soon expire ; it was therefore desirable that a n&w appor- 
 tionment should be made. As the census would be taken the ensuing June, by the United States, 
 it would be unnecessary for the Territory to make an additional enumeration. A short session 
 was resolved upon, and then an adjournment until after the completion of the census. One of 
 the subjects occupying largely the attention of the members, was the condition of the capitol, 
 and the conduct of the commissioners intrusted with the money appropriated by congress to 
 defray the cost of its construction. The legislature adjourned on the thirteenth of January, 
 1S40, to meet again on the third of the ensuing August. The completion of the census showed 
 a population for the Territory of thirty thousand seven hundred and forty-four, against eighteen 
 thousand one hundred and thirty, two years previous. Upon the re-assembling of the legisla- 
 ture — which is known as the extra session of the second legi"lative assembly — at the time agreed , 
 upon, some changes were made in the apportionment of members to the house of representa- 
 tives ; the session lasted but a few days, a final adjournment taking place on the fourteenth of 
 August, 1840. At the July term of the supreme court, Simeon Mills resigned the office of 
 clerk, and La Fayette Kellogg was appointed in his place. Kellogg continued to hold the posi- 
 tion until the state judiciary was organized. At the ensuing election, James Duane Doty was 
 re-elected Territorial delegate, taking his seat for the first time under his second term, on the 
 eighth day of December, 1840, at the commencement of the second session of the twenty-sixth 
 congress. 
 
 The first session of the third legislative assembly commence^ on the seventh of December, 
 1840, with all new members in the house except three. All had recently been elected under the 
 new apportionment. Most of the session was devoted to the ordinary routine of legislation. 
 There was, however, a departure, in the passage of two acts granting divorces, from the usual 
 current of legislative proceedings in the Territory. There was, also, a very interesting contested 
 election case between two members from Brown county. Such was the backwardness in regard 
 to the building of the capitol, at this date, that a large majority of the members stood ready to 
 remove the seat of government to some other place. However, as no particular point could be 
 agreed upon, it remained at Madison. The legislature adjourned on the nineteenth of February, 
 
WISCONSIN TERRITORY. 49 
 
 184 1, having continued a term of seventy-five days, the maximum time limited by the organic act. 
 Francis J. Dunn, appointed by Martin Van Buren, was commissioned in place of William 
 B. Slaughter, as secretary of the Territory, on the 25th of January, 1841, but was himself super- 
 ceded by the appointment of A. P. Field, on the 23d day of April following. On the 15th of 
 March, Daniel Hugunin was commissioned as marshal in place of Edward James, and on the 
 27th of April, Thomas W. Sutherland succeeded Moses M. Strong as United States attorney 
 for the Territory. On the 26th of June, Governor Dodge commissioned as attorney general of 
 the Territory, M. M. Jackson. On the 13th of September following. Dodge was removed from 
 office by John Tyler, then president of the United States, and James Duane Doty appointed in 
 his place. The appointment of Doty, then the delegate of the Territory in congress, by the 
 president of the United States as governor, and the consequent resignation of the latter of his 
 seat in the house of representatives, caused a vacancy which was filled by the election of Henry 
 Dodge to that office, on the 27th of September, 1841; so that Doty and Dodge changed places. 
 Dodge took his seat for the first time, at the commencement of the second session of the twenty- 
 fifth congress — Monday, December 7, 1S41. 
 
 About this time, the Milwaukee and Rock river canal imbroglio broke out afresh. The 
 loan agent appointed by the governor to negotiate a loan of one hundred thousand dollars for 
 the work, reported that he had negotiated fifty-six thousand dollars of bonds, which had been 
 issued ; but he did not report what kind of money was to be received for them. Now, the canal 
 commissioners claimed that it was their right and duty not to recognize any loan which was to 
 be paid in such currency as they disapproved of. This dispute defeated the loan, and stopped 
 all work on the canal. During the year 1841, Thomas W. Sutherland succeeded Moses M. 
 Strong as United States attorney. The second session of the third legislative assembly began 
 at Madison, on the sixth of December, 1841. Governor Doty, in his message to that body, 
 boldly avowed the doctrine that no law of the Territory was effective, until expressly approved 
 by congress. " The act," said he, " establishing the government of Wisconsin, in the third sec- 
 tion, requires the secretary of the Territory to transmit annually, on or before the first Monday 
 in December, ' two copies of the laws to the speaker of the house of representatives, for the 
 use of congress.' The sixth section provides that 'all laws of ^the governor and legislative 
 assembly shall be submitted to, and, if disapproved by the congress of the United States, the 
 same shall be null and of no effect.' " "These provisions," he added, "it seems to me, require 
 the laws to be actually submitted to congress before they take effect. They change the law by 
 which this country was governed while it was a part of Michigan. That law provided that 
 the laws should be reported to congress, and that they should ' be in force in the district until 
 the organization of the general assembly therein, unless disapproved of by congress.' " The 
 governor concluded in these words : " The opinion of my predecessor, which was expressed to 
 the first legislature assembled after the organization of this government, in his message delivered 
 at Belmont on the twenty-sixth day of October, 1836, fully sustains this view of the subject which 
 I have presented. He said: 'We have convened under an act of congress of the United States 
 establishing the Territorial government of Wisconsin, for the purpose of enacting such laws as 
 may be required for the government of the people of this Territory, after their approval by con- 
 gress.'" This construction of the organic act resulted in a lengthy warfare between the gov- 
 ernor and the legislative assembly. 
 
 At this session, the Milwaukee and Rock river canal again raised a tumult. " Congress 
 had made a valuable grant of land to the Territory in trust. The Territory was the trustee ; 
 the canal company the cestui que trust. The trust had been accepted, and a large portion of 
 the lands had been sold, one tenth of the purchase money received, and ample securities held 
 
60 " HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 for the balance." The Territory now, by its legislature, repealed all the laws authorizing a 
 loan, and all which contemplated the expenditure of any money on its part in constructing the 
 canal. The legislature resolved that all connection ought to be dissolved, and the work on 
 the canal by the Territory abandoned, and that the latter ought not further to execute the 
 trust. They resolved also that the congress be requested to divert the grant to such other 
 internal improvements as should be designated by the Territory, subject to the approval of 
 congress; and that, if the latter should decline to make this diversion, it was requested to take 
 back the grant, and disjjose of the unsold lands. On the eleventh of February, 1S42, a tragedy 
 was enacted in the legislative council, causing great excitement over the whole Territory. On 
 that day, Charles C. P. Arndt, a member from Brown county, was, while that Ijody was in 
 session, shot dead by James R. Vineyard, a member from Grant county. The difficulty grew 
 out of a debate on motion to lay on the table the nomination of Enos S. Baker to the office of 
 sheriff of Grant county. Immediately before adjournment of the council, the parties who had 
 come together, after loud and angry words had been spoken, were separated by the by-standers. 
 When an adjournment had been announced, they met again ; whereupon Arndt struck at Vine- 
 yard. The latter then drew a pistol and shot Arndt. He died in a few moments. Vineyard 
 immediately surrendered himself to the sheriff of the county, waived an examination, and was 
 committed to jjil. After a short confinement, he was brought before the chief justice of the 
 Territory, on a writ of habeas corpus, and admitted to bail. He was afterward indicted for man- 
 slaughter, was tried and acquitted. Three days after shooting Arndt, Vineyard sent in his 
 resignation as member of the council. That body refused to receive it, or to have it read even ; 
 but at once expelled him. The second and last session of the third legislative assembly came 
 to a close on the eighteenth of February, 1842. 
 
 The first session of the fourth legislative' assembly commenced on the fifth day of Decem- 
 ber, 1842. The members had been elected under a new apportionment based upon a census 
 taken in the previous June, which showed a total population for the Territory of forty-six thou- 
 sand six hundred and seventy-eight — an increase of nearly ten thousand in two years. A politi- 
 cal count showed a decided democratic majority in each house. Governor Doty's political 
 proclivities were with the whig party. The contest between him and the legislature now 
 assumed a serious character. He refused to "hold converse " with it, for the reason that, in his 
 opinion, no appropriation had been made by congress to defray the expenses of the session, and, 
 as a consequence, none could be held. The legislature made a representation to congress, then 
 in session, of the objections of the governor, and adjourned on the tenth of December, to meet 
 again on the thirteenth of January, 1843. It was not until the fourth of February following that 
 a quorum in both houses had assembled, when the legislature, through a joint committee, waited 
 on the governor, and informed him that they had again met according to adjournment, and were 
 then ready to proceed to business. Previous to this time, congress had made an appropriation 
 to cover the expenses of the legislature now in session, which it was supposed would remove all 
 conflict about its legality. But the governor had, on the tliirtieth day of January previous, issued 
 a proclamation, convening a special session of the legislature on the sixth of March, and still 
 refused to recognize the present one as legal. Both houses then adjourned to the day fixed by 
 the executive. A final adjournment took place on the seventeenth of April following. 
 
 The term of two years for which Henry Dodge was elected as delegate, having expired at 
 the close of the third session of the twenty-seventh congress, he was, on the twenty-fifth of Sep- 
 tember, 1843, re-elected, taking his seat for the first time on his second term at the commence- 
 ment of the first session of the twenty-eighth congress, Monday, December 4, 1843. On 
 the thirtieth of October of this year, George Floyd was commissioned by President Tyler as 
 
(Deceased.) 
 POND D U LAC 
 
WISCONSIN TERRITOKY. SJ 
 
 secretary of the Territory, in place of A. P. Field. 
 
 The second session of the fourth legislative assembly of the Territory, commencing on the 
 fourth of December, 1843, and terminating on the thirty-first of January, 1844 — a period of fifty- 
 nine days — accomplished but little worthy of especial mention, except the submission of the 
 question of the formation of a State government to a vote of the people, to be taken at the gene- 
 ral election to be held in September following. The proposition did not succeed at the ballot- 
 box. The third session of the fourth legislative assembly did not commence until the sixth of 
 January, 1845, as the time had been changed to the first Monday in that month for annual meet- 
 ings. Governor Doty having persisted in spelling Wisconsin with a "k" and an "a" — Wis- 
 ^onsan — and some of the people having adopted his method, it was thought by this legislature 
 a matter of sufficient importance to be checked. So, by a joint resolution, the orthography — 
 Wisronsz'n — employed in the organic act, was adopted as the true one for the Territory, and has 
 ever since been used. Before the commencement of this session Doty's term of office had 
 expired. He was superseded as governor of the Territory by N. P. Tallmadge, the latter having 
 been appointed on the twenty-first of June, 1844. On the thirl y-first of August, Charles M. 
 Prevost was appointed marshal of the Territory, in place of Daniel Hugunin. There was the 
 utmost harmony between Governor Tallmadge and the legislature of the Territory at its session 
 in 1845. 
 
 His message, which was delivered to the two houses in person, on the seventeenth of January, 
 was well received. Among other items of interest to which he called the attention of the legis- 
 lative assembly, was one concerning the construction of a railroad to connect Lake Michigan with 
 the Mississippi. "The interests of the Territory," said he, " seem inperiously to demand the con- 
 struction of a railroad, or otber communication, from some suitable point on Lake Michigan to 
 the Mississippi river. Much difference of opinion seems to exist as to what it shall be, and how 
 it is to be accomplished. There is a general impression," continued the governor, "that the con- 
 struction of the Milwaukee and Rock river canal, which was intended to connect those waters, is 
 abandoned. It remains to be seen what shall be substituted for it." The session terminated on 
 the twenty-fourth of February, 1845. 
 
 James K. Polk having been inaugurated president of the United States on the fourth of 
 March, 1845, Henry Dodge was again put into the gubernatorial chair of the Territory, receiving 
 his appointment on the eighth of April, 1845. Other changes were made by the president during 
 the same year, John B. Rockwell being, on the fourteenth of March, appointed marshal, and W. 
 P. Lynde, on the fourteenth of July, United States attorney for the Territory, Governor Tall- 
 madge, on the twenty-second of January of this year, having commissioned the latter also as 
 attorney general. On the twenty-second of September, Morgan L. Martin was elected delegate 
 to the twenty-ninth congress, as the successor of Henry Dodge. 
 
 The fourth and last session of the fourth legislative assembly was organized on the fifth of 
 January, 1846. This session, although a short one, proved very important. Preliminary steps 
 were taken for the formation of a State government. The first Tuesday in April next succeeding 
 was the day fixed upon for the people to vote for or against the proposition. When taken it 
 resulted in a large majority voting in fa^r of the measure. An act was passed providing for taking 
 the census of the Territory, and for the apportionment by the governor of delegates to form a 
 State constitution, based upon the new enumeration. The delegates were to be elected on the first 
 Monday in September, and the convention was to assemble on the first Monday in October, 1846. 
 The constitution when formed was to be submitted to the vote of the people for adoption or 
 rejection, as, at the close of the session, the terms of members of the council who had been elected 
 for four years, and of the house, who had been elected for two years, all ended. The legislature 
 
62 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 re-organized the election districts, and conferred on the governor the power and duty of making 
 an apportionment, based on the census to be taken, for the next legislative assembly, when, on 
 the third of February, 1846, both houses adjourned sine die. On the twenty-second of January, 
 Governor Dodge appointed A. Hyatt Smith attorney general of the Territory. On the twenty- 
 fourth of February, John Catlin was appointed Territorial secretary by the president. 
 
 The census taken in the following June showed a population for the Territory of one hun- 
 dred and fifty-five thousand two hundred and seventy-seven. Delegates having been elected to 
 form a constitution for the proposed new State, met at Madison on the fifth day of October. 
 After completing their labors, they adjourned. This event took place on the sixteenth of 
 December, 1846. The constitution thus formed was submitted to a popular vote on the first 
 Tuesday of April, 1847, and rejected. The first session of the fifth legislative assembly com- 
 menced on the fourth of January of that year. But little was done. Both houses finally 
 adjourned on the eleventh of February, 1847. John H. Tweedy was elected as the successor 
 of Morgan L. Martin, delegate to the thirtieth congress, on the si.xth of September following. On 
 the twenty-seventh of that month, Governor Dodge issued a proclamation for a special session 
 of the legislature, to commence on the eighteenth of the ensuing month, to take action concern- 
 ing the admission of Wisconsin into the Union. The two houses assembled on the day named 
 in the proclamation, and a law was passed for the holding of another convention to frame a 
 constitution ; when, after nine days' labor, they adjourned. Delegates to the new convention 
 were elected on the last Monday of November, and that body met at Madison on the fifteenth 
 of December, 1847. A census of the Territory was taken this year, which showed a population 
 of two hundred and ten thousand five hundred and forty-six. The result of the labors of the 
 second constitutional convention was the formation of a constitution, which, being submitted 
 to the people on the second Monday of March, 1848, was duly ratified. 
 
 The second and last session of the fifth legislative assembly — the last legislative assembly 
 of Wisconsin Territory — commenced on the seventh of February, 1848, and adjourned sine die 
 on the thirteenth of March following. On the twentieth of the same month, J. H. Tweedy, 
 delegate from Wisconsin, introduced a bill in congress for its admission into the Union. The 
 bill was finally passed; and on the twenty-ninth of May, 1848, Wisconsin became a State. 
 There had been seventeen sessions of the legislative assembly of the Territory, of an average 
 duration of forty days each : the longest one lasted seventy-six days ; the shortest, ten days. So 
 long as the Territory had an existence, the apportionment of thirteen members for the council, and 
 twenty-six for the house of representatives, was continued, as provided in the organic act. 
 There had been, besides those previously mentioned, nine additional counties " set off " by the 
 legislative assembly of the Territory, so that they now numbered in all twenty-eight : Milwaukee, 
 Waukesha, Jefferson, Racine, Walworth, Rock, Green, Washington, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Calu- 
 met, Brown, Winnebago, Fond du Lac, Marquette, Sauk, Portage, Columbia, Dodge, Dane, Iowa, 
 La Fayette, Grant, Richland, Crawford, Chippewa, St. Croix, and La Pointe. 
 
 v.— WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 
 
 First Administration. — Nelson DEWEYf Governor — 1848, 1849. 
 
 The boundaries prescribed in the act of congress, entitled "An Act to enable the people of 
 Wisconsin Territory to form a Constitution and State Government, and for the admission of such 
 State into the Union," approved August 6, 1846, were accepted by the convention which formed 
 the constitution of Wisconsin, and are described in that instrument as " beginning at the north- 
 east corner of the State of Illinois — that is to say, at a point in the center of Lake Michigan 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 53 
 
 where the line of forty-two degrees and thirty minutes of north latitude crosses the same ; thence 
 running with the boundary line of the State of Michigan, through Lake Michigan [and] Green 
 bay to the mouth of the Menomonee river ; thence up the channel of the said river to the Brule 
 river; thence up said last mentioned river to Lake Brule; thence along the southern shore of 
 Lake Brule, in a direct line to the center of the channel between Middle and South islands, in 
 the Lake of the Desert ; thence in a direct line to the head waters of the Montreal river, as 
 marked upon the survey made by Captain Cram ; thence down the main channel of the Mon- 
 treal river to the middle of Lake Superior ; thence through the center of Lake Superior to the 
 mouth of the St. Louis river ; thence up the main channel of said river to the first rapids in the 
 same, above the Indian village, according to Nicollett's map ; thence due south to the main 
 branch of the River St. Croix ; thence down the main channel of said river to the Mississippi ; 
 thence down the center of the main channel of that river to the northwest corner of the State 
 of Illinois ; thence due east with the northern boundary of the State of Illinois to the place of 
 beginning." The territory included within these lines constitutes the State of Wisconsin, 
 familiarly known as the " Badger State." All that portion of Wisconsin Territory, as formerly 
 constituted, lying west of so much of the above mentioned boundary as extends from the middle 
 of Lake Superior to the mouth of the St. Croix river, not being included in Wisconsin, the limits 
 of the State are, of course, not identical with those of the Territory as they previously existed. 
 
 The State of Wisconsin, thus bounded, is situated between the parallel of forty-two degrees 
 thirty minutes and that of forty-seven degrees, north latitude, and between the eighty-seventh 
 and ninety-third degrees west longitude, nearly. For a portion of its northern border it has 
 Lake Superior, the largest body of fresh water in the world ; for a part of its eastern boundary it 
 has Lake Michigan, almost equal in size to Lake Superior ; while the Mississippi, the largest 
 river in the world but one, forms a large portion of its western boundary. The State of Michi- 
 gan lies on the east ; Illinois on the south ; Iowa and Minnesota on the west. Wisconsin has an' 
 average length of about two hundred and sixty miles; an average breadth of two hundred and 
 fifteen miles. 
 
 The constitution of Wisconsin, adopted by the people on the second Monday of March, 
 1848, provided for the election of a governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, treasurer, 
 attorney general, members of the State legislature, and members of congress, on the second 
 Monday of the ensuing May. On that day — the 8th of the month — the election was held, 
 which resulted in the choice of Nelson Dewey, for governor ; John E. Holmes, for lieutenant 
 governor ; Thomas McHugh, for secretary of state ; Jairus C. Fairchild, for state treasurer ; 
 and James S. Brown, for attorney general. The State was divided into nineteen senatorial, and 
 sixty-six assembly districts, in each of which one member was elected ; it was also divided into 
 two congressional districts, in each of which one member of congress was elected- -William 
 Pitt Lynde in the first district, composed of the counties of Milwaukee, Waukesha, Jefferson, 
 Racine, Walworth, Rock, and Green ; Mason C. Darling, in the second district, composed of the 
 counties of Washington, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Calumet, Brown, Winnebago, Fond du Lac, 
 Marquette, Sauk, Portage, Columbia, Dodge, Dane, Iowa, La Fayette, Grant, Richland, Craw- 
 ford, Chippewa, St. Croix, and La Pointe — the counties of Richland, Chippewa and La Pointe 
 being unorganized. 
 
 The first session of the legislature of Wisconsin -commenced at Madison, the seat of govern- 
 ment for the State, on Monday, the 5th day of June, 1848. Ninean E. Whiteside was elected 
 speaker of the assembly, and Henry Billings president of the senate, /r<7 tempore. The democrats 
 were largely in the majority in both houses. The legislature, in joint convention, on the 7th of 
 June, canvassed, in accordance with the provisions of the constitution, the votes given on the 
 8th of May previous, for the State officers and the two representatives in congress. On the same 
 
54 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 day, the governor, lieutenant governor, secretary ot state, treasurer, and attorney general, were 
 sworn into office in presence of both houses. All these officers, as well as the representatives in 
 congress, were democrats. Dewey's majority over John H. Tweedy, whig, was five thousand and 
 eighty-nine. William P. Lynde's majority in the first district, for congress, over Edward V. 
 Whiton, whig, was two thousand four hundred and forty-seven. Mason C. Darling's majority in 
 the second district, over Alexander L. Collins, whig, was two thousand eight hundred and forty- 
 six. As the thirtieth congress, to which Lynde and Darling were elected would expire on the 4th 
 of March, 1849, their terms of office would, of course, end on that day. The former took his 
 seat on the 5th of June, the latter on the 9th of June, 1848. 
 
 The constitution vested the judicial power of the State in a supreme court, circuit courts, 
 courts of probate, and in justices of the peace, giving the legislature power to vest such juris- 
 diction as should be deemed necessary in municipal courts ; also, conferring upon it the power 
 to establish inferior courts in the several counties, with limited civil and criminal jurisdiction. 
 The State was divided into five judicial circuits; and judges were to be elected at a time to be 
 provided for by the legislature at its first session. It was provided that there should be no 
 election for a judge or judges, at any general election for State or county officers, nor within 
 thirty days either before or after such election. 
 
 On the 8th of June, 1848, Governor Dewey delivered his first message to a joint convention 
 of the two houses. It was clear, concise, and definite upon such subjects as, in his opinion 
 demanded immediate attention. His views were generally regarded as sound and statesmanlike 
 by the people of the State. " You have convened," said he, "under the provisions of the con- 
 stitution of the State of Wisconsin, to perform as representatives of the people, the important 
 duties contemplated by that instrument.'' " The first session of the legislature of a free people," 
 continued the governor, " after assuming the political identity of a sovereign State, is an event of 
 no ordinary character in its history, and will be fraught with consequences of the highest 
 importance to its future welfare and prosperity. Wisconsin possesses the natural elements, 
 fostered by the judicious system of legislation," the governor added, " to become one of the 
 most populous and prosperous States of the American Union. With a soil unequaled in fertility, 
 and productive of all the necessary comforts of life, rich in mineral wealth, with commercial 
 advantages unsurpassed by any inland State, possessing extensive manufacturing facilities, with a 
 salubrious climate, and peopled with a population enterprising, industrious, and intelligent, the 
 course of the State of Wisconsin must be onward, until she ranks among the first of the States 
 of the Great West. It is," concluded the speaker, "under the most favorable auspices that the 
 State of Wisconsin has taken her position among the families of States. With a population 
 numbering nearly one quarter of a million, and rapidly increasing, free from the incubus of a 
 State debt, and rich in the return yielded as the reward of labor in all the branches of industrial 
 pursuits, our State occupies an enviable position abroad, that is highly gratifying to the pride of 
 our people." Governor Dewey then recommended a number of measures necessary, in his 
 judgment, to be made upon changing from a Territorial to a State government. 
 
 The first important business of the legislature, was the election of two United States 
 senators. The successful candidates were Henry Dodge and Isaac P. Walker, both democrats. 
 Their election took place on the 8th of June, 1848, Dodge taking his seat in the senate on the 
 23d of June, and Walker on the 26th of June, 1848. The latter drew the short term; so that 
 his office would expire on the 4th day of March, 1849, at the end of the thirtieth congress : 
 Dodge drew the long terra, his office to expire on the 4th day of March, 1851, at the end of the 
 thirty-first congress. The residue of the session was taken up in passing such acts as were 
 deemed necessary to put the machinery of the new State government, in all its branches, in fair 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 65 
 
 running order. One was passed providing for the annual meeting of the legislature, on the 
 second Wednesday of January of each year ; another prescribing the duties of State officers ; 
 one dividing the State into three congressional districts. The first district was composed of the 
 counties of Milwaukee, Waukesha, Walworth, and Racine ; the second, of the counties of Rock, 
 Green, La Fayette, Grant, Dane, Iowa, Sauk, Richland, Crawford, Adams, Portage, Chippewa, La 
 Pointe, and St. Croix; the third, of the counties of Washington, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Brown, 
 Winnebago, Calumet, Fond du Lac, Marquette, Dodge, Jefferson, and Columbia. Another act 
 provided for the election of judges of the circuit courts, on the first Monday of August, 1848. 
 By the same act, it was provided that the first term of the supreme court should be held in 
 Madison on the second Monday of January, 1849, and thereafter at the same place on the same 
 day, yearly ; afterward changed so as to hold a January and June term in each year. An act 
 was also passed providing for the election, and defining the duties of State superintendent of 
 public instruction. That officer was to be elected at the general election to be holden in each 
 year, his term of office to commence on the first Monday of January succeeding his election. 
 .\nother act established a State university; another exempted a homestead from a forced sale; 
 another provided for a revision of the statutes. The legislature, after a session of eighty-five 
 days, adjourned sine die on the twenty-first of August, 1848. 
 
 The State, as previously stated, was divided into five judicial circuits : Edward V. Whiton 
 being chosen judge at the election on the first Monday in August, 1848, of the first circuit, com- 
 posed of the counties of Racine, Walworth, Rock, and Green, as then constituted; Levi Hubbell 
 of the second, composed of Milwaukee, Waukesha, Jefferson, and Dane; Charles H. Larrabee, 
 of the third, composed of Washington, Dodge, Columbia, Marquette, Sauk, and Portage, as then 
 formed; Alexander W. Stow, of the fourth, composed of Brown, Manitowoc, Sheboygan, Fond 
 du Lac, Winnebago, and Calumet ; and Mortimer M. Jackson, of the fifth circuit, composed of 
 the counties of Iowa, LaFayette, Grant, Crawford and St. Croix, as then organized; the county 
 of Richland being attached to Iowa county; the county of Chippewa to the county of Craw- 
 ford ; and the county of LaPointe to the county of St. Croix, for judicial purposes. 
 
 In the ensuing Fall there was a presidential election. There were then three organized 
 political parties in the State : whig, democratic, and free-soil — each of which had a ticket in 
 the field. The democrats were in the majority, and their four electors cast their votes for Lewis 
 Cass and William O. Butler. At this election, Eleazer Root was the successful candidate for State 
 superintendent of public instruction. In his election party politics were not considered. There 
 were also three members for the thirty-first congress chosen: Charles Durkee, to represent the 
 first district; Orsamus Cole, the second; and James D. Dotv, the third district. Durkee 
 was a free-soiler; Cole, a whig ; Doty, a democrat — with somewhat decided Doty proclivities. 
 The act of the legislature, exempting a homestead from forced sale of any debt or liability 
 contracted after January t, 1849, approved the twenty-ninth of July previous, and another act 
 for a like exemption of certain personal property, approved August 10, 1848, were laws the most 
 liberal in their nature passed by any State of the Union previous to those dates. It was prophe- 
 sied that they would work wonderful changes in the business transactions of the new State — for 
 the worse; but time passed, and their utility were soon evident: it was soon very generally 
 acknowledged that proper exemption laws were highly beneficial — a real good to the greatest 
 number of the citizens of a State. 
 
 So much of Wisconsin Territory as lay west of the St. Croix and the State boundary north 
 of it, was, upon the admission of Wisconsin into the Union, left, for the time being, without a 
 government — unless it was still "Wisconsin Territory." Henry Dodge, upon being elected to the 
 United States senate from Wisconsin, vacated, of course, the office of governor of this fraction. 
 John H. Tweedy, delegate in congress at the time Wisconsin became a State, made a formal 
 
66 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 resignation of his office, thus leaving the fractional Territory unrepresented. Thereupon John 
 Catlin, secretary of the Territory of Wisconsin as a whole, and now claiming, by virtue of that 
 office, to be acting governor of the fractional part, issued a proclamation as such officer for an 
 election on the thirtieth of October, 1848, of a delegate in congress. Nearly four hundred votes 
 were polled in the district, showing "Wisconsin Territory" still to liave a population of not less 
 than two thousand. H. H. Sibley was elected to that office. On the fifteenth of January, 1849, 
 he was admitted to a seat as "delegate from Wisconsin Territory." This hastened the formation 
 of the Territory of Minnesota — a bill for that purpose having become a law on the third of 
 March, when " Wisconsin Territory" ceased finally to exist, being included in the new Territory. 
 
 The year 1848 — the first year of the existence of Wisconsin as a State — was one of general 
 prosperity to its rapidly increasing population. The National Government effected a treaty with 
 the Menomoneee Indians, by which their title was extinguished to the country north of the Fox 
 river of Green bay, embracing all their lands in the State. This was an important acquisition, 
 as it opened a large tract of country to civilization and settlement, which had been for a consid- 
 erable time greatly desired by the people. The State government at the close of the year had 
 been in existence long enough to demonstrate its successful operation. The electric telegraph 
 had already reached the capital ; and Wisconsin entered its second year upon a flood tide of 
 prosperity. 
 
 Under the constitution, the circuit judges were also judges of the supreme court. An act 
 of the legislature, approved June 29, 1848, providing for the election of judges, and for the 
 classification and organization of the judiciary of the State, authorized the election, by the judges, 
 of one of their number as chief justice. Judge Alexander W. Stow was chosen to that office, 
 and, as chief justice, held, in conjunction with Associate Judges Whiton, Jackson, Larrabee, and 
 Hubbell, the first session of the supreme court at Madison, commencing on the eighth day of 
 January, 1849, 
 
 The second session of the State legislature commenced, according to law, on the tenth of 
 January, 1849, Harrison C. Hobart being elected speaker of the assembly. Governor Dewey, in 
 his message, sent to both houses on the nth, referred to the rapidly increasing population of the 
 State, and the indomitable energy displayed in the development of its productive capacity. He 
 recommended the sale of the university lands on a long credit, the erection of a State prison, 
 and the modification of certain laws. On the seventeenth of January, the two houses met in 
 joint convention to elect an United States senator in place of Isaac P Walker, who had drawn 
 the short term The democrats had a small majority on joint ballot. Walker was re-elected; 
 this time, for a full term of six years, from the 4th of March, 1849. The legislature at this 
 session passed many acts of public utility; some relating to the boundaries of counties; others, 
 to the laying out of roads; eighteen, to the organization of towns. The courts were cared for; 
 school districts were organized ; special tax:: were authorized , and an act passed relative to the 
 sale and superintendence of the school and university lands, prescribing the powers and duties 
 of the commissioners who were to have charge of the same. These commissioners, consisting 
 of the secretary of state, treasurer of state, and attorney general, were not only put in charge 
 of the school and university lands held by the State, but also of funds arising from the sale of 
 them. This law has been many times amended and portions of it repealed. The lands at 
 present subject to sale are classified as school lands, university lands, agricultural college lands, 
 Marathon county lands, normal school lands, and drainage lands, and are subject to sale at 
 private entry on terms fixed by law. Regulations concerning the apportionment and investment 
 of trust funds are made by the commissioners in pursuance of law. All lands now the property 
 of the State subject to sale, or that have been State lands and sold, were derived from the Gen- 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 57 
 
 eral Government. Lands owned by the State amount, at the present time, to about one and one 
 half million acres. 
 
 A joint resolution passed the legislature on the 31st of March, 1849, instructing Isaac P. 
 Walker to resign his seat as United States senator, for " presenting and voting for an amend- 
 ment to the general appropriation bill, providing for a government in California and New Mexico, 
 west of the Rio Grande, which did not contain a provision forever prohibiting the introduction 
 of slavery or involuntary servitude " in those Territories. The senator refused to regard these 
 instructions. The legislature adjourned on the second of April, 1849, after a session of eighty- 
 three days. 
 
 In July, 1848, the legislature of Wisconsin elected M. Frank, Charles C. Jordan, and A. W. 
 Randall, commissioners to collate and revise all the public acts of the State, of a general and 
 permanent nature in force at the close of the session. Randall declining to act, Charles M. 
 Baker was appointed by the governor in his place. The commissioners commenced their labors 
 in August, 1848, and were engaged in the revision the greater part of the time until the close of 
 the session of the legislature of 1849. It was found impossible for the revisers to conclude their 
 labors within the time contemplated by the act authorizing their appointment ; so a joint select 
 committee of the two houses at their second session was appointed to assist in the work. The 
 laws revised by this committee and by the commissioners, were submitted to, and approved by, 
 the legislature. These laws, with a few passed by that body, which were introduced by individual 
 members, formed the Revised Statutes of Wisconsin of 1849 — a volume of over nine hundred 
 pages. 
 
 At the general election held in November of this year, Dewey was re-elected governor. 
 S. W. Beall was elected lieutenant governor ; William A. Barstow, secretary of state ; Jairus C. 
 Fairchild was re-elected treasurer; S.Park Coon was elected attorney general; and Eleazer 
 Root, re-elected superintendent of public instruction. All these officers were chosen as dem- 
 ocrats, except Root, who ran as an independent candidate, the term of his office having been 
 changed so as to continue two years from the first day of January next succeeding his election. 
 By the revised statutes of 1849, all State officers elected for a full term went into office on the 
 first of January next succeeding their election. 
 
 The year 1849 developed in an increased ratio the productive capacity of the State in every 
 department of labor. The agriculturist, the artisan, the miner, reaped the well-earned reward of 
 his honest labor. The commercial and manufacturing interests were extended in a manner 
 highly creditable to the enterprise of the people. The educational interest of the State began to 
 assume a more systematic organization. The tide of immigration suffered no decrease during 
 the year. Within the limits of Wisconsin, the oppressed of other climes continued to find 
 welcome and happy homes. 
 
 Second Administration.— Nelson Dewey, Governor (Second Term) — 1850, 1851. 
 
 On the first day of January, 1850, Nelson Dewey took the oath of office, and quietly entered 
 upon his duties as governor, for the second term. The third legislature convened on the ninth. 
 Moses M. Strong was elected speaker of the assembly. Both houses had democratic majorities. 
 Most of the business transacted was of a local character. By an act approved the fifth of Feb- 
 ruary, the " January term " of the supreme court was changed to December. The legislature 
 adjourned after a session of only thirty-four days. An act was passed organizing a sixth judicial 
 circuit, from and after tlie first Monday in July, 1850, consisting of the counties of Crawford, 
 Chippewa, Bad Axe, St. Croix and La Pointe, an election for judge to be holden on the same 
 day. Wiram Knowlton was elected judge of that circuit. 
 
68 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 The first charitable institution in Wisconsin, incorporated by the State, was the " Wisconsin 
 Institute for the Education of the Blind." A school for that unfortunate class had been opened 
 in Janesville, in the latter part of 1859, receiving its support from the citizens of that place and 
 vicinity. By an act of the legislature, approved February 9, 1850, this school was taken under 
 the care of the Institute, to continue and maintain it, at Janesville, and to qualify, as far as might 
 be, the blind of the State for the enjoyment of the blessings of a free government; for obtaining 
 the means of subsistence; and for the discharge of those duties, social and political, devolving 
 upon American citizens. It has since been supported from the treasury of the State. On the 
 seventh of October, 1850, it was opened for the reception of pupils, under the direction of a 
 board of trustees, appointed by the governor. The Institute, at the present time, has three 
 departments: in one is given instruction such as is usually taught in common schools; in 
 another, musical training is imparted ; in a third, broom-making is taught to the boys, — sewing, 
 knitting and various kinds of fancy work to the girls, and seating cane-bottomed chairs to both 
 boys and girls. On the thirteenth of April, 1874, the building of the Institute was destroyed by 
 fire. A new building has since been erected. 
 
 The taking of the census by the United States, this year, showed a population for Wisconsin 
 of over three hundred and five thousand — the astonishing increase in two years of nearly ninety- 
 five thousand! In 1840, the population of Wisconsin Territory was only thirty thousand. This 
 addition, in ten years, of two hundred and seventy-five thousand transcended all previous 
 experience in the settlement of any portion of the New World, of the same extent of territory. 
 It was the result of a steady and persistent flow of men and their families, seeking permanent 
 homes in the young and rising State. Many were German, Scandinavian and Irish ; but 
 the larger proportion were, of course, from the Eastern and Middle States of the Union. The 
 principal attractions of Wisconsin were the excellency and cheapness of its lands, its valuable 
 mines of lead, its extensive forests of pine, and the unlimited wa'er-power of its numerous 
 streams. 
 
 By the Revised Statutes of 1849, Wisconsin was divided into three congressional districts — 
 the second congressional apportionment — each of which was entitled to elect one representative 
 in the congress of the United States. The counties of Milwaukee, Waukesha, Walworth and 
 Racine constituted the Tfirst district ; the counties of Rock, Green, La Fayette, Grant, Iowa, 
 Dane, Sauk, Adams, Portage, Richland, Crawford, Chippewa, St. Croix and La Pointe, the second 
 district; the counties of Washington, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Brown, Winnebago, Calumet, Fond 
 du Lac, Marquette, Columbia, Dodge and Jefferson, the third district. At the general election 
 in the Autumn of this year, Charles Durkee, of the first district; Benjamin C. Eastman, of the 
 second ; and John B. Macy, of the third district, were elected to represent the State in the 
 thirty-second congress of the United States. Durkee, it will be remembered, represented the 
 same district in the previous congress : he ran the second time as an independent candidate. 
 Eastman and Macy were elected upon democratic tickets. The General Government this year 
 donated to the State all the swamp and overflowed lands within its boundaries. 
 
 The year 1850 to the agriculturist of Wisconsin was not one of unbounded prosperity, 
 owing to the partial failure of the wheat crop. In the other branches of agriculture there were 
 fair returns. The State was visited during the year by cholera; not, however, to a very alarming 
 extent. 
 
 The fourth session of the legislature of the State commenced on the 8th of January, 
 185 1. Frederick W. Horn was elected speaker of the assembly. The majority in the legisla- 
 ture was democratic. Governor Dewey, in his message, referred to the death of the president of 
 the United States, Zachary Taylor; said that the treasury and finances of the State were in a 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 59 
 
 sound condition ; and then adverted to many topics of interest and importance to the people of 
 Wisconsin. It was an able document. One of the important measures of the session was the 
 election of an United, States senator, in the place of Henry Dodge, whose term of office would 
 expire on the 4th of March, next ensuing. In joint convention of the legislature held on the 
 20th of January, Dodge was re-elected for a full term of six years. On the 2 2d, the governor 
 approved a joint resolution of the legislature, rescinding not only so much of the joint resolu- 
 tion of the legislative assembly of Wisconsin, passed March 31, 1849, as censured Isaac J. 
 Walker, but also the instructions in those resolutions relative to his resigning his seat in the 
 senate of the United States, 
 
 Among the important bills passed at this session of the legislature was one providing for 
 the location and erection of a State prison. Another one — the apportionment bill — was vetoed 
 by the governor, and having been passed on the last day of the session, failed to become a law. 
 The legislature adjourned on the eighteenth of March, 185 1, after a session of seventy days. 
 
 On the 1st day of January, 1851^ Timothy O. Howe took his seat as one of the associate 
 judges of the supreme court, he having been elected judge of the fourth circuit in place of Alex- 
 ander W. Stow. The office of chief justice of the supreme court, which had been filled by Judge 
 Stow, therefore became vacant, and so remained until the commencement of the next term — June 
 18, 1851 — when Levi Hubbell, judge of the second circuit, was, by the judges present, pursuant 
 to the statute, elected to that office. 
 
 By an act of the legislature approved March 14, 1851, the location and erection of a State 
 prison for Wisconsin was provided for — the point afterward determined upon as a suitable 
 place for its establishment being Waupun, Dodge county. By a subsequent act, the prison was 
 declared to be the general penitentiary and prison of the State for the reformation as well as for 
 the punishment of offenders, in which were to be confined, employed at hard labor, and governed 
 as provided for by the legislature, all offenders who might be committed and sentenced accord- 
 ing to law, to the punishment of solitary imprisonment, or imprisonment therein at hard labor. 
 The organization and management of this the first reformatory and penal State institution in 
 Wisconsin, commenced and has been continued in accordance with the demands of an advanced 
 civilization and an enlightened humanity. 
 
 On the ^gth of September, 1851, Judge Hubbell was re-elected for the full term of six years 
 as judge of the second judicial circuit, to commence January i, 1852. 
 
 At the general election in November, 1851, Leonard J. Farwell was chosen governor; 
 Timothy Burns, lieutenant governor; Charles D. Robinson, secretary of State ; E. H. Janssen, 
 State treasurer; E. Estabrook, attorney general; and Azel P. Ladd, superintendent of public- 
 instruction. All these officers were elected as democrats except Farwell, who ran as a whig; 
 his majority over D. A. J. Upham, democrat, was a little rising of ^ve hundred. 
 
 Third Administration. — L. J. Farwell, Governor — 1852-1853. 
 
 Governor Farwell's administration commenced on the fifth day of January, 1852. Previous 
 to this — on the third day of the month — Edward V. Whiton was chosen by the judges of the 
 supreme court, chief justice, to succeed Judge Hubbell. On the fourteenth of that month, the 
 legislature assembled at Madison. This was the beginning of the fifth annual session. James 
 McM. Shafter was elected speaker of the assembly. In the senate, the democrats had a 
 majority ; in the assembly, the whigs. The governor, in his message, recommended the memorial- 
 izing of congress to cause the agricultural lands within the State to be surveyed and brought 
 into market; to cause, also, the mineral lands to be surveyed and geologically examined, and 
 offered for sale ; and to make liberal appropriations for the improvement of rivers and harbors. 
 The questionof " bank or no bank " having been submitted to the people in November previous. 
 
60 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 and decided in favor of banks, under the constitution, the power was thereby given to the legis- 
 lature then in session to grant bank charters, or to pass a general banking law. Farwell recom- 
 mended that necessary measures be taken to carry into effect this consfltutional provision. A 
 larger number of laws was passed at this session than at any previous one. By a provision of 
 the constitution, the legislature was given power to provide by law, if they should think it expe- 
 dient and necessary, for the organization of a separate supreme court, to consist of one chief 
 justice and two associate justices, to be elected by the qualified electors of the State, at such 
 time and in such manner as the legislature might provide. Under this authority, an act was 
 passed at this session providing for the election of a chief justice and two associates, on the last 
 Monday of the September following, to form a supreme court of the State, to supplant the old 
 one, provision for the change being inserted in the constitution. There was also an act passed 
 to apportion and district anew the members of the senate and assembly, by which the number 
 was increased from eighty-five to one hundred and seven: twenty-five for the senate; eighty- 
 two for the assembly. An act authorizing the business of banking passed the legislature and 
 was approved by the governor, on the 19th of April. By this law, the office of bank-comptroller 
 was created — the officer to be first appointed by the governor, and to hold his office until the first 
 Monday in J'inuary, 1854. At the general election in the Fall of 1853, and every two years 
 thereafter, the office was to be filled by vote of the people. Governor Farwell afterward, on the 
 20th of November, appointed James S. Baker to that office. The legislature adjourned on the 
 nineteenth of April, 1852. 
 
 The second charitable institution incorporated by the State was the "Wisconsin Institute 
 for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb." It was originally a private school for deaf mutes, 
 near, and subsequently in, the village of Delavan, Walworth county. By an act of the legislature 
 approved April 19, 1852, it was made the object and duty of the corporation to establish, con- 
 tinue and maintain this school for the education of the deaf and dumb, " at or near the village 
 of Delavan, to qualify, as near as might be, that unfortunate class of persons for the enjoyment 
 of the blessings of a free government, obtaining the means of subsistence, and the discharge of 
 those duties, social and political, devolving upon American citizens." It has since been sup- 
 ported by annual appropriations made by the legislature. A complete organization of the 
 school was effected in June, 1852, under the direction of a board of trustees appointed by the 
 governor of the State. The institute has for its design the education of such children of the 
 State as, on account of deafness, can not be instructed in common schools. Instruction is given 
 by signs, by the manual alphabet, by written language, and to one class by articulation. Two 
 trades are taught : cabinet-making and shoe-making. 
 
 During this year, considerable interest was manifested in the projecting of railroads. At 
 the September election, E. V. Whiton was elected chief justice of the new supreme court and 
 Samu^ Crawford and Abram D. Smith associate justices. Under tlie law, the chief justice was 
 to serve a term of four years from the first day of June next ensuing; while the two associates 
 were to cast lots — one to serve for six years, the other for two years, from June i, 1853. Craw- 
 ford drew the short term — Smith the long term. At the subsequent general election for mem- 
 bers to the thirty-third congress, Daniel Wells, Jr., was chosen from the first district , B. C. 
 Eastman from the second.- and J. B. Macy from the third district. All were democrats. A 
 democratic electoral ticket was chosen at the same time. The electors cast their votes for Pierce 
 and Butler. 
 
 During 1852, the citizens of Wisconsin enjoyed unusual prosperity in the ample products 
 and remuneration of their industry and enterprise. Abundant harvests and high markets; an 
 increase in moneyed circulation, and the downward tendency of the rates of interest; a prevail- 
 ing confidence among business men and in business enterprises; a continual accession to the 
 
WISCONSIN" AS A STATE. 61 
 
 population of the State by immigration; the energetic prosecution of internal improvements 
 under the skillful management of companies; the extension of permanent agricultural improve- 
 ments; and the rapid growth of the various cities and villages; were among the encouraging 
 prospects of the year. 
 
 The sixth session ot the Wisconsin legislature commenced on the twelfth of January, 1853. 
 On the twenty-sixth of the same month, William K. Wilson, of Milwaukee, preferred charges 
 in the assembly against Levi Hubbell, judge of the second judicial circuit of the State, of 
 divers acts of corruption and malfeasance in the discharge of the duties of his office. A resolu- 
 tion followed appointing a committee to report articles of impeachment, directing the members 
 thereof to go to the senate and impeach Hubbell. Upon the trial of the judge before the 
 senate, he was acquitted. An act was passed to provide for the election of a State prison commis- 
 sioner by the legislature at that session — to hold his office until the first day of the ensuing 
 January. The office was then to be filled by popular vote at the general election in November, 
 1853 — and afterwards biennially — the term of office to be two years from the first day of Jan- 
 uary next succeeding the election by the people. On the 28th of March, the legislature, in 
 joint convention, elected John Taylor to that office. The legislature adjourned on the fourth 
 day of April until the sixth of the following June, when it again met, and adjourned sine die on 
 the thirteenth of July, both sessions aggregating one hundred and thirty-one days. 
 
 By an act of the legislature approved February 9, 1853, the "Wisconsin State Agricultural 
 Society," which had been organized in March, 185 1, was incorporated, its object being to promote 
 and improve the condition of agriculture, horticulture, and the mechanical, manufacturing and 
 household arts. It was soon after taken under the fostering care of the State by an appropria- 
 tion made by the legislature, to be expended by the society in such manner as it might deem 
 best calculated to promote the objects of its incorporation; State aid was continued dow-n to the 
 commencement of the rebellion. No help was extended during the war nor until 1873; since 
 which time there has been realized annually from the State a sum commensurate with its most 
 pressing needs. The society has printed seventeen volumes of transactions and has held annually 
 a State fair, except during the civil war. Besides these fairs, its most important work is the 
 holding annually, at the capital of the State, a convention for the promotion of agriculture gen- 
 erally. The meetings are largely participated in by men representing the educational and 
 industrial interests of Wisconsin. 
 
 By an act of the legislature approved March 4, 1853, the "State Historical Society of 
 Wisconsin " was incorporated — having been previously organized — the object being to collect, 
 embody, arrange and preserve in authentic form, a library of books, pamphlets, maps, charts, 
 manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary and other materials illustrative of the history of the 
 State; to rescue from oblivion the memory of its early pioneers., and to obtain and preserve 
 narratives of their exploits, perils, and hardy adventures; to exhibit faithfully the antiquities, 
 and the past and present condition, and resources of Wisconsin. The society was also author- 
 ized to take proper steps to promote the study of history by lectures, and to diffuse and publish 
 information relating to the description and history of the State. The legislature soon after took 
 the society under its fostering care by voting a respectable sum for its benefit. Liberal State 
 aid has been continued to the present time. The society, besides collecting a library of historical 
 books and pamphlets the largest in the West, has published eight volumes of collections and a 
 catalogue of four volumes. Its rooms are in the capitol at Madison, and none of its property 
 can be alienated without the consent of the State. It has a valuable collection of painted por- 
 traits and bound newspaper'files; and in its cabinet are to be found many prehistoric relics. 
 
 On the first day of June, 1853, the justices of the new supreme court went into office : Associate 
 
62 HISTORY OP WISCONSIN. 
 
 Justice Crawford, for two years; Chief Justice Whiton, for four years, Associate Justice Smith 
 for six years as previously mentioned. Tlie first (June) term was held at Madison. La Fayette 
 Kellogg was appointed and qualified as clerk. On the 21st oi September, Timothy Burns, lieu- 
 tenant governor of Wisconsin, died at La Crosse. As a testimonial of respect for the deceased 
 the several State departments, in accordance with a proclamation of the governor, were closed 
 for one day^ — October 3, 1853. In the Fall of this year, democrats, whigs and free-soilers, each 
 called a convention to nominate candidates for the various State offices to be supported by them 
 at the ensuing election in November. The successful ticket was, for governor, William A. Bars- 
 tow ; for lieutenant governor, James T. Lewis, for secretary of State, Alexander T. Gray, for 
 State treasurer, Edward H. Janssen ; for attorney general, George B. Smith ; for superintendent 
 of public instruction, Hiram A. Wright; for State prison commissioner, A. W. Starks; and 
 for bank comptroller, William M. Dennis. They were all democrats. 
 
 The year 1S53 was, to the agriculturists of the State, one of prosperity. Every branch of 
 industry prospered. The increase of commerce and manufactures more than realized the expec- 
 tations of the most sanguine. 
 
 Fourth Administration. — William A. Barstow, Governor — 1854-1855. 
 
 On Monday, the second of January, 1854, William A. Barstow took the oath of office as 
 governor of Wisconsin. 
 
 The legislature commenced its seventh regular session on the eleventh of January. Fred- 
 erick W. Horn was elected speaker of the assembly. Both houses were democratic. The 
 legislature adjourned on the 3d of April following, after a session of eighty-three days. 
 
 In the early part of March, a fugitive slave case greatly excited the people of Wisconsin. 
 A slave named Joshua Glover, belonging to B. S. Garland of Missouri, had escaped from his 
 master and made his way to the vicinity of Racine. Garland, learning the whereabouts of his 
 personal chattel, came to the State, obtained, on the 9th of March, 1854, from the judges of the 
 district court of the United States for the district of Wisconsin, a warrant for the apprehension 
 of Glover, which was put into the hands of the deputy marshal of the United States. Glover 
 was secured and lodged in jail in Milwaukee. A number of persons afterward assembled and 
 rescued the fugitive. Among those who took an active part in this proceeding was Sherman M. 
 Booth, who was arrested therefor and committed by a United States commissioner, but was 
 released from custody by Abram D. Smith, one of the associate justices of the supreme court 
 of Wisconsin, upon a writ of habeas corpus. The record of the proceedings was thereupon 
 taken to that court in full bench by a writ of certiorari to correct any error that might have been 
 committed before the associate justice. At the June term, 1854, the justices held that Booth 
 was entitled to be discharged, because the commitment set forth no cause for detention. 
 
 Booth was afterward indicted in the United States district court and a warrant issued for 
 his arrest. He was again imprisoned; and again he applied to the supreme court — then, in 
 term time— for a writ of habeas corpus. This was in July, 1854. In his petition to the supreme 
 court, Booth set forth that he was in confinement upon a warrant issued by the district court of 
 the United States and that the object of the imprisonment was to compel him to answer an 
 indictment then pending against him therein. The supreme court of the State held that these 
 facts showed that the district court of the United States had obtained jurisdiction of the case 
 and that it was apparent that the indictment was for an offense of which the federal courts had 
 exclusive jurisdiction. They could not therefore interfere; and his application for a discharge 
 was denied. 
 
 Upon the indictment, Booth was tried and convicted, fined and imprisoned, for a violation 
 of th-; fugitive slave law. Again the prisoner applied to the supreme court of Wisconsin, — his 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 63 
 
 last application bearing date January 26, 1855. He claimed discharge on the ground of the 
 unconstitutionality of the law under which he had been indicted. The suprerne court held that 
 the indictment upon which he had been tried and convicted contained three counts, the first of 
 which was to be considered as properly charging an offense within the act of congress of Septem- 
 ber 18, 1850, known as the "fugitive slave law," while the second and third counts did not set 
 forth or charge an offense punishable by any statute of the United States'; and as, upon these last- 
 mentioned counts he was found guilty and not upon the first, he must be discharged. 
 
 The action of the supreme court of Wisconsin in a second time discharging Booth, was 
 afterward reversed by the supreme court of the United States ; and, its decision being respected 
 by the State court. Booth was re-arrested in i860, and the sentence of the district court of the 
 United States executed in part upon him, when he was pardoned by the president. 
 
 By an act of the legislature, approved March 30, 1854, a " State Lunatic Asylum " was directed 
 to be built at or in the vicinity of Madison, the capital of the State, upon land to be donated or 
 purchased for that purpose. By a subsequent act, the name of the asylum was changed to the 
 " Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane." This was the third charitable institution established 
 by the State. The hospital was opened for patients in July, i860, under the direction of a 
 board of trustees appointed by the governor. All insane persons, residents of Wisconsin, who, 
 under the law providing for admission of patients into the hospital for treatment, become resi- 
 dents therein, are maintained at the expense of the State, provided the county in which such 
 patient resided before being brought to the hospital pays the sum of one dollar and fifty cents a 
 week for his or her support. Any patient can be supported by relatives, friends or guardians, if 
 the latter desire to relieve the county and State from the burden, and can have special care and 
 be provided with a special attendant, if the expense of the same be borne by parties interested. 
 The hospital is beautifully located on the north shore of Lake Mendota, in Dane county, about 
 four miles from Madison. 
 
 At the general election in the Fall of 1854, for members from Wisconsin to the thirty-fourth 
 congress, Daniel Wells, Jr. was chosen from the first district ; C. C. Washburn, from the second, 
 and Charles Billinghurst from the third district. Billinghurst and Washburn were elected as 
 republicans — that party having been organized in the Summer previous. Wells was a democrat. 
 
 The year 1854 was one of prosperity forjWisconsin, to all its industrial occupations. Abund- 
 ant crops and increased prices were generally realized by the agriculturist. It was a year also of 
 general health. It was ascertained that the amount of exports during the year, including lumber 
 and mineral, exceeded thirteen millions of dollars. 
 
 The eighth regular session of the State legislature commenced on the loth of January, 
 1855. C. C. Sholes was elected speaker of the assembly. The senate was democratic ; the 
 assembly, republican. On joint ballot, the republicans had but one majority. On the istof 
 February, Charles Durkee, a republican, was elected United States senator for a full term of six 
 years from the 4th of March next ensuing, to fill the place of Isaac P. Walker whose term would 
 expire on that day. Among the bills passed of a general nature, was one relative to the rights of 
 married women, providing that any married woman, whose husband, either from drunkenness or 
 profligacy, should neglect or refuse to provide for her support, should have the right, in her own 
 name, to transact business, receive and collect her own earnings, and apply the same for her own 
 support, and education of her children, free from the control and interference of her husband. 
 The legislature adjourned sine die on the second of April, after a session of eighty-three days. 
 Orsamus Cole having been elected in this month an associate justice of the supreme court in 
 place of Judge Samuel Crawford, whose term of office would expire on the thirty-first of May of 
 that year, went into office on the first day of June following, for a term of six years. His office 
 would therefore end on the thirty-first of May, 1861. 
 
64 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 On the 27th of May, 1855, Hiram A. Wright, superintendent of public instruction, died at 
 Prairie du Chien. On the i8th of June following, the governor appointed A. Constantine Barry to 
 fill his place. On the 5 th of July, Garland, the owner of the rescued fugitive slave Glover, 
 having brought suit in the United States district court for the loss of his slave, against Booth, 
 the trial came on at Madison, resulting in the jury bringing in a verdict under instructions from 
 the judge, of one thousand dollars, the value of a negro slave as fixed by act of congress of 1850. 
 
 The constitution of the State requiring the legislature to provide by law for an enumeration 
 of the inhabitants in the year 1855, an act was passed by that body, approved March 31, of this 
 year, for tliat purpose. The result showed a population for Wisconsin of over five hundred and 
 fifty-two thousand. In November, at the general election, the democratic ticket for State offi- 
 cers was declared elected: William A. Barstow, for governor; Arthur Mc Arthur, for lieutenant 
 governor ; David W. Jones, for secretary of State ; Charles Kuelui, for State treasurer ; Wil- 
 liam R. Smith, for attorney general; A. C. Barry, for superintendent of public instruction; 
 William M. Dennis, for bank comptroller; and Edward McGarry for State prison commissioner. 
 The vote for governor was very close; but the State canvassers declared Barstow elected by a 
 small majority. The opposing candidate for that office was Coles Bashford, who ran as a 
 republican 
 
 The year 1855 was a prosperous one to the farmers of Wisconsin as well as to all industrial 
 occupations. There were abundant crops and unexampled prices were realized. 
 
 Fifth Administration. — Coles Bashford, Governor — 1856-18^7. 
 
 On the seventh day of January, 1856. William A. Barstow took and subscribed an oath of 
 office as governor of Wisconsin, while Coles Bashford, who had determined to contest the right 
 of Barstow to the governorship, went, on the same day, to the supreme court room, in Madison, 
 and had the oath of office administered to him by Chief Justice Whiton. Bashford afterward 
 called at the executive office and made a formal demand of Barstow that he should vacate the 
 gubernatorial chair; but the latter respectfully declined the invitation. These were the initiatory 
 steps of " Bashford 7's. Barstow," for the office of governor of Wisconsin. 
 
 The fight now commenced in earnest. On tlie eleventh, the counsel for Bashford called 
 upon the attorney general and requested him to file an information in the nature of a ^uo 
 warranto against Barstow. On the fifteenth that officer complied with the request. Thereupon 
 a summons was issued to Barstow to appear and answer. On the twenty-second, Bashford, by 
 his attorney, asked the court that the information filed by the attorney general be discontinued 
 and that he be allowed to file one, which request was denied by the court. While the motion 
 was being argued, Barstow, by his attorneys, entered his appearance in the case. 
 
 On the second of February, Barstow moved to quash all proceedings for the reason that the 
 court had no jurisdiction in the matter. This motion was denied by the court ; that tribunal at 
 the same time deciding that the filing of the motion was an admission by Barstow that the alle- 
 gations contained in the information filed by the attorney general were true. 
 
 On the twenty-first of Febiuary, the time appointed for pleading to the information, Bar- 
 stow, by his attorneys, presented to the court a stipulation signed by all the parties in the case, to 
 the effect that the board of canvassers had determined Barstow elected governor; that the secre- 
 tary of State had certified to his election ; and that he had taken the oath of office. They submit- 
 ted to the court whether it had jurisdiction, beyond the certificates, of those facts and the canvass 
 so made to inquire as to the number of votes actually given for Barstow, — Bashford offering to 
 prove that the certificates were made and issued through mistake and fraud, and that he, instead 
 of Barstow, received the greatest number of votes. This stipulation the court declined to enter- 
 tain or to pass upon the questions suggested ; as they were not presented in legal form. Barstow 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 65 
 
 was thereupon given until the twenty-fifth of February to answer the information that had been 
 filed against him by the attorney general. 
 
 On the day appointed, Barstow filed his plea to the effect that, by the laws of Wisconsin 
 regulating the conducting of general election for State officers, it was the duty of the board of 
 canvassers to determine who was elected to the office of governor ; and that the board had found 
 that he was duly elected to that office. It was a plea to the jurisdiction of the court. A demurrer 
 was interposed to this plea, setting forth that the matters therein contained were not sufficient in 
 law to take the case out of court ; asking, also, for a judgment against Barstow, or that he answer 
 further the information filed against him. The demurrer was sustained ; and Barstow was 
 required to answer over within four days ; at the expiration of which time the counsel for Barstow 
 withdrew from the case, on the ground, as they alleged, that they had appeared at the bar of the 
 court to object to the jurisdiction of that tribunal in the matter, and the court had determined 
 to proceed with the case, holding and exercising full and final jurisdiction over it; and that they 
 could take no further steps without conceding the right of that tribunal so to hold. Thereupon, 
 on the eighth of March, Barstow entered a protest, by a communication to the supreme court, 
 against any further interference with the department under his charge by that tribunal, " either 
 by attempting to transfer its powers to another or direct the course of executive action." The 
 counsel for Bashford then moved for judgment upon the default of Barstow. 
 
 A further hearing of the case was postponed until March i8, when the attorney general 
 filed a motion to dismiss the proceedings ; against which Bashford, by his counsel, protested as 
 being prejudicial to his rights. It was the opinion of the court that the attorney general could 
 not dismiss the case, that every thing which was well pleaded for Bashford in his information was 
 confessed by the default of Barstow. By strict usage, a final judgment ought then to have fol- 
 lowed ; but the court came to the conclusion to call upon Bashford to bring forward proof, showing 
 his right to the office. Testimony was then adduced at length, touching the character of the 
 returns made to the State canvassers ; after hearing of which it was the opinion of the court that 
 Bashford had received a plurality of votes for governor and that there must be a judgment in 
 his favor and one of ouster against Barstow ; which were rendered accordingly. 
 
 The ninth regular session of the legislature of Wisconsin commenced on the ninth of 
 January, 1856. William Hull was elected speaker of the assembly. The senate had a repub- 
 lican majority, but the assembly was democratic. On the eleventh Barstow sent in a message to 
 a joint convention of the two houses. On the twenty-first of March he tendered to the legisla- 
 ture his resignation as governor, giving for reasons the action of the supreme court in " Bashford 
 c's. Barstow," which tribunal was then hearing testimony in the case. On the same day Arthur 
 McArthur, lieutenant governor, took and subscribed an oath of office as governor of the State, 
 afterwards sending a message to the legislature, announcing that the resignation of Barstow 
 made it his duty to take the reins of government. On the twenty-fifth, Bashford called on 
 McArthur, then occupying the executive office, and demanded possession — at the same time 
 intimating that he preferred peaceable measures to force, but that the latter would be employed 
 if necessary. The lieutenant governor thereupon vacated the chair, when the former took the 
 gubernatorial seat, exercising thereafter the functiofis of the office until his successor was elected 
 and qualified. His right to the seat was recognized by the senate on the twenty-fifth, and by the 
 assembly on the twenty-seventh of March, 1856. This ended the famous case of " Bashford t's, 
 Barstow," the first and only " war of succession " ever indulged in by Wisconsin. 
 
 The legislature, on the thirty-first of March, adjourned over to the third of September, to 
 dispose of a congressional land grant to the State. Upon re-assembling, an important measure 
 was taken up — that of a new apportionment for the legislature. It was determined to increase the 
 
R6 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 number of members from one hundred and seven to one hundred and twenty-seven. The session 
 closed on the thirteenth of October. The general election for members to the thirty-fifth congress, 
 held in November, resulted in the choice of John H. Potter, from the first district ; C. C. Washburn 
 from the second ; and Charles Billinghurst, from the third district. They were all elected as 
 republicans. The presidential canvass of this year was an exciting one in the State. The 
 republicans were successful. Electors of that party cast their five votes for Fremont and 
 Dayton. 
 
 The year 1856 was not an unprosperous one, agriculturally speaking, although in some 
 respects decidedly unfavorable. In many districts the earlier part of the season was exceedingly 
 dry, which materially diminished the wheat crop. Other industrial interests were every where 
 in a flourishing condition. 
 
 The legislature commenced its tenth regular session at Madison, on the fourteenth day of 
 January, 1857, with a republican majority in both houses. Wyman Spooner was elected speaker 
 of the assembly. For the first time since the admission of the State into the Union, a majority of 
 the members of both houses, together with the governor, were opposed to the democratic pariy. 
 On the twenty-third the senate and assembly met in joint convention, for the purpose of electing 
 a United States senator in place of Henry Dodge, whose term of office would expire on the 
 fourth of March next ensuing. James R. Doolittle, republican, was the successful candidate for 
 that office, for a full term of six years, from the fourth of March, 1857. The legislature 
 adjourned on the ninth of March, 1857. At the Spring election, Judge Whiton was re-elected 
 chief justice of the supreme cOurt for a term of six years. 
 
 The second reformatory State institution established in Wisconsin, was, by an act of the 
 legislature, approved March 7, 1857, denominated a House of Refuge for Juvenile Delinquents, 
 afterward called the State Reform School, now known as the Wisconsin Industrial School for 
 Boys, and is located at Waukesha, the county seat of Waukesha county. The courts and 
 several magistrates in any county in Wisconsin may, in their discretion, sentence to this school 
 any male child between the ages of ten and sixteen years, convicted of vagrancy, petit larceny, 
 or any misdemeanor; also of any offense vifhich would otherwise be punishable by imprisonment 
 in the State prison ; or, of incorrigible or vicious conduct in certam cases. The term of commit- 
 ment must be to the age of twenty-one years. 
 
 At the State election held in November of this year, the republicans elected A. W. Randall 
 governor; S. D. Hastings, State treasurer, and Edward M. McGraw, State prison commis- 
 sioner. The democrats elected E. D. Campbell, lieutenant governor ; D. W. Jones, secretary 
 of State ; Gabriel Bouck, attorney general ; L. C. Draper, superintendent of public instruc- 
 tion, and J. C. Squires, bank comptroller. 
 
 The year 1857 was a disastrous one to Wisconsin, as well as to the whole country, in a finan- 
 cial point of view. Early in the Fall a monetary panic swept over the land. A number of 
 prominent operators in the leading industrial pursuits were obliged to succumb. Agriculturally 
 the year was a fair one for the State. 
 
 Sixth Administration. — Alexander W. Randall, Governor — 1858-1859. 
 
 • Randall's administration began on the fourth day of January, 1858, when for the first time 
 he was inaugurated governor of the State. On the eleventh of January the legislature 
 commenced its eleventh regular session, with a republican majority in both houses. Frederick 
 S. Lovell was elected speaker of the assembly. The legislature adjourned sine die on the 
 seventeenth of March, after an unusually long session of one hundred and twenty-five days. " That 
 a large majority of the members were men of integrity, and disposed for the public weal, can not 
 
(DECEASED) 
 
 FOND DU LAC 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 67 
 
 be doubted ; but they were nearly all new members, and without former legislative experience. 
 They set out to accomplish a great good, by holding up to public scorn and execration the whole- 
 sale briberies and iniquities of the immediate past ; but they lacked concentration of effort, and. 
 for want of union and preconcerted action, they failed to achieve the great triumph they sought, 
 by providing a 'sovereign remedy ' for the evils they exposed." 
 
 At the regular session of the legislature of 1S56, an act was passed for a general revisi-n of 
 the laws of the State. Under this, and a subsequent act of the adjourned session of that year 
 three commissioners — David Taylor, Samuel J. Todd, and F. S. Lovell — were appointed "to 
 collect, compile and digest the general laws " of Wisconsin. Their report was submitted to the 
 legislature of 1858, and acted upon at a late day of the session. The laws revised, which received 
 the sanction of the legislature, were published in one volume, and constitute what is know as the 
 Revised Statutes of 18 j8. 
 
 At the Fall election, John F. Potter from the first district, and C. C. Washburn from the 
 second district, both republicans, were elected to the thirty-sixth congress ; while C. H. 
 Larrabee, democrat, was elected to represent the third district. 
 
 The twelfth regular session of the Wisconsin legislature commenced on the twelfth of 
 January, 1859, with a republican majority in both houses. William P. Lyon was elected speaker 
 of the assembly. The legislature adjourned sine die on the twenty-first of March, 1859, after a 
 session of sixty-nine days. At the regular spring election, Byron Paine was chosen associate 
 justice of the supreme court, for a full term of six years, as the successor of Associate Justice 
 Smith. As it was a question when the term of the latter ended — whether on the 31st day of 
 May, 1859, or on the first Monday in January, i860 — he went through with the formality of 
 r'isigning his office, and the governor of appointing Paine as his successor, on the 20th of June, 
 1859. On the twelfth of April, 1859, Edward V. Whiton, chief justice of the supreme court 
 died at his residence in Janesville. The office was filled by executive appointment on the 19th 
 of the same month — the successor of Judge Whiton being Luther S. Dixon. Late in the Sum- 
 mer both political parties put into the field a full state ticket. The republicans were successful 
 — electing for governor, Alexander W. Randall ; for lieutenant governor, B. G. Noble ; for 
 secretary of state, L. P. Harvey ; for state treasurer, S. D. Hastings , for attorney general, James 
 H. Howe; for bank comptroller, G. Van Steenwyck ; for superintendent of public instruction, 
 J. L. Pickard ; for state prison commissioner, H. C. Hag. 
 
 Seventh Administration. — Alexander W. Randall, Governor (second term), 1860-1861. 
 
 Alexander W. Randall was inaugurated the second time as governor of Wisconsin, on 
 Monday, January 2, i860. One week subsequent, the thirteenth regular session of the legis- 
 lature commenced at Madison. For the first time the republicans had control, not only of all 
 the State offices, but also of both branches of the legislature. William P. Lyon was elected 
 speaker of the assembly. A new assessment law was among the most important of the acts 
 passed at this session. The legislature adjourned on the second of .April. At the spring elec- 
 tion, Luther S. Dixon, as an independent candidate, was elected chief justice of the supreme 
 court for the unexpired term of the late Chief Justice Whiton. In the presidential election which 
 followed, republican electors were chosen — casting their five votes, in the electoral college, for 
 Lincoln and Hamlin. At the same election, John F.Potter, from the first district; Luther 
 Hanchett, from the second, and A. Scott Sloan, from the third district, were elected members of 
 the thirty-seventh congress. Hanchett died on the twenty-fourth of November, 1862, when, 
 on the twentieth of December following, W. D. Mclndoe was elected to fill the vacancy. .All 
 these congressional representatives were republicans. Wisconsin, in 1860, was a strong repub- 
 
68 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 lican State. According to the census of this year, it had a population of over seven hundred 
 and seventy-seven thousand. 
 
 On the ninth of January, 1861, the fourteenth regular session of the State legislature com- 
 menced at Madison. Both branches were republican. Amasa Cobb was elected speaker of the 
 assembly. On the tenth, both houses met in joint convention to hear the governor read his 
 annual message. It was a remarkable document. Besides giving an excellent synopsis of the 
 operations of the State government for 1S60, the governor entered largely into a discussion of 
 the question of secession and disunion, as then proposed by some of the southern states of the 
 Union. These are his closing words : 
 
 " The right of a State to secede from the Union can never be admitted. The National 
 Government can not treat with a State while it is in the Union, and particularly while it stands 
 in an attitude hostile to the Union. So long as any State assumes a position foreign, inde- 
 pendent and hostile to the government, there can be no reconciliation. The government of the 
 United States can not treat with one of its own States as a foreign power. The constitutional 
 laws extend over every Stat^ alike. They are to be enforced in every State alike. A State can 
 not come into the Union as it pleases, and go out when it pleases. Once in, it must stay until 
 the Union is destroyed. There is no coercion of a State. But where a faction of a people arrays 
 itself, not against one act, but against all laws, and against all government, there is but one 
 answer to be made : ' The Gover7i7nent must be sustained ; the laws shall be enforced .' 
 
 On the twenty-third of January the legislature met in joint convention to elect a United 
 States senator to fill the place of Charles Durkee, whose term of office would expire on the 
 fourth of March next ensuing. The successful candidate was Timothy O. Howe, republican, 
 who was elected for a full term of six years from the 4th of March, 1861. One of the important 
 acts passed at this session of the legislature apportioned the State into senate and assembly 
 districts, by which the whole number of members in both houses was increased from one hun- 
 dred and twenty-seven to one hundred and thirty-three. Another act apportioned the State into 
 six congressional districts instead of three. By this — the third congressional apportionment — 
 each district was to elect one representative. The first district was composed of the counties 
 of Milwaukee, Waukesha, Walworth, Racine, and Kenoslia ; the second, of the counties of Rock, 
 Jefferson, Dane, and Columbia; the third, of Green, La Fayette, Iowa, Grant, Crawford, Rich- 
 land, and Sauk; the fourth, of Ozaukee, Washington, Dodge, Fond du Lac, and Sheboygan; the 
 fifth, Manitowoc, Calumet, Winnebago, Green Lake, Marquette, Waushara, Waupaca, Outa- 
 gamie, Brown, Kewaunee, Door, Oconto, and Shawano; and the sixth, of the counties of Bad 
 Axe, La Crosse, M( nroe, Juneau, Adams, Portage, Wood, Jackson, Trempealeau, Buffalo, Pepin, 
 Pierce, St. Croix, Dunn, Eau Claire, Clark, Marathon, Chippewa, Dallas, Polk, Burnett, Douglas, 
 LaPointe, and Ashland. The legislature adjourned on the seventeenth of April, 1861. 
 
 At the spring elections of this year, Orsamus Cole was re-elected as associate justice of the 
 supreme court. On the ninth of May following. Governor Randall issued a proclamation convening 
 the legislature in extra session on the fifteenth of the same month. " The extraordinary condition 
 of the country," said he, "growing out of ihe rebellion against the government of the United 
 States, makes it necessary that the legislature of this State be convened in special session, to 
 provide more completely for making the power of the State useful to the government and to 
 other loyal States." The fifteenth or extra session began on the fifteenth of May, as designated 
 in the governor's proclamation. The message of the governor was devoted entirely to the war. 
 '' At the close of the last annual session of the legislature," said he, " to meet a sudden emer- 
 gency, an act was passed authorizing me to respond to the call of the president of the United 
 States, ' for aid in maintaining the Union and the supremacy of the laws, or to suppress rebellion 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 69 
 
 or insurrection, or lo repel inva ion within the United States,' and I was authorized, and it was 
 made my duty, to take such measures as, in my judgment, should provide in the speediest and 
 most efficient manner for responding to suCh call : and to this end I was authorized to accept 
 the services of volunteers for active service, to be enrolled in companies of not less than 
 seventy-five men each, rank and file, and in regiments of ten companies each. I was also 
 authorized to provide for uniforming and equipping such companies as were not provided with 
 uniforms and equipments." " The first call of the president for inmiediate active service," con- 
 tinued the governor, " was for one regiment of men. My proclamation, issued immediately after the 
 passage of the act of the legislature, was answered within less than ten days, by companies enough, 
 each containing the requisite number of men, to make up at least five regiments instead of o.e. 
 I then issued another proclamation, announcing the offers that had been made, and advising 
 that thereafter companies might be enrolled to stand as minute men, ready to answer further 
 calls, as they might be made, but without expense to the State, e.\cept as they were mustered 
 into service. In less than one month from the date of my first proclamation, at least five thou- 
 sand men, either as individuals or enrolled companies, have offered their services for the war, 
 and all appear an.xious for active service in the field." " The time for deliberation," concludes 
 the governor, "must give way to the lime for action. The constitution of the United States 
 must be sustained in all its first intent and wholeness. The right of the people of every State 
 to go into every other State and engage in any lawful pursuit, without unlawful interference or 
 molestation; the freedom of speech and of the press; the right of trial by jury; security from 
 unjustifiable seizure of persons or papers, and all constitutional privileges and immunities, must 
 receive new guarantees of safety." 
 
 The e.xtra session of the legislature passed, wtih a single exception, no acts except such as 
 appertained to the military exigencies of the times. Eoth Iiouses adjourned sine die on the 
 twenty-seventh of May, iS6[. As the administration of Governor Randall would close with the 
 year, and as he was not a candidate for re-election, there was much interest felt throughout the 
 State as to who his successor should be. Three State tickets v/ere put in nomination: union, 
 republican, and democratic. The republican ticket was successful, electing Louis P. Harvey, 
 governor ; Edward Salomon, lieutenant governor ; James T. Lewis, secretary of state ; S. D. 
 Hastings, state treasurer; James H. Howe, attorney general; W. H. Ramsey, bank comp- 
 troller; J. L. Pickard, superintendent of public instruction; and A. P. Hodges, state prisor* 
 commissioner. 
 
 The War of Secession — L.^st Year of Randall's Administratio.v. 
 
 When Wisconsin was first called upon to aid the General Government in its efforts to 
 sustain itself against the designs of the secession conspirators, the commercial affairs of the 
 State were embarrassed to a considerable degree by the depreciation of the currency. The 
 designs of the secessionists were so far developed at the ending of the year i860 as to show that 
 resistance to the national authority had been fully determined on. It is not a matter of wonder, 
 then, that Governor Randall in his message to the legislature, early in January, 1861, should 
 have set forth the dangers which threatened the Union, or should have denied the right of a 
 State to secede from it. "Secession," said he, "is revolution; revolution is war ; war against 
 the government of the United States is treason." "It is time," he continued, " now, to know 
 whether we have any government, and if so, whether it has any strength. Is our written 
 constitution more than a sheet of parchment.' The nation must be lost or preserved by its own 
 strength. Its strength is in the patriotism of the people. It is time now that politicians became 
 patriots ; that men show their love of country by every sacrifice, but that of principle, and by 
 
70 ' HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 unwavering devotion to its interests and integrity." "The hopes," added the governor, most 
 eloquently, " of civilization and Christianity are suspended now upon the answer to this question 
 of dissolution. The capacity for, as well as the right of, self-government is to pass its ordeal, 
 and speculation to become certainty. Other systems have been tried, and have failed ; and all 
 along, the skeletons of nations have been strewn, as warnings and land-marks, upon the great 
 highway of historic overnment. Wisconsin is true, and her people steadfast. She will not 
 destroy the Union, nor consent that it shall be done. Devised by great, and wise, and good 
 men, in days of sore trial, it must stand. Like some bold mountain, at whose base the great seas 
 break their angry floods, and around whose summit the thunders of a thousand hurricanes have 
 rattled — strong, unmoved, immovable — so may our Union be, while treason surges at its base, 
 and passions rage around it, unmoved, immovable — here let it stand forever." These are the 
 words of an exalted and genuine patriotism. But the governor did not content himself with 
 eloquence alone. He came down to matters of business as well. He urged the necessity of 
 legislation that would give more efficient organization to the militia of the State. He warned 
 the legislators to make preparations also for the coming time that should try the souls of men. 
 "The signs of the times," said he, " indicate that there may arise a contingency in the condition 
 of the government, when it will become necessary to respond to a call of the National Government 
 for men and means to maintain the integrity of the Union, and to thwart the designs of men 
 engaged in organized treason. While no unnecessary e.xpense should be incurred, yet it is the 
 part of wisdom, both for individuals and States, in revolutionary times, to be prepared to defend 
 our institutions to the last extremity." It was thus the patriotic governor gave evidence to the 
 members of both houses that he " scented the battle afar off." 
 
 On the i6th of January, a joint resolution of the legislature was passed, declaring that the 
 people of Wisconsin are ready to co-operate with the friends of the Union every where for its 
 preservation, to yield a cheerful obedience to its requirements, and to demand a like obedience 
 from all others ; that the legislature of Wisconsin, profoundly impressed with the value of the 
 Union, and determined to preserve it unimpaired, hail with joy the recent firm, dignified and 
 patriotic special message of the president of the United States ; that they tender to him, through 
 the chief magistrate of their own State, whatever aid, in men and money, may be required to 
 enable him to enforce the laws and uphold the authority of the Federal Government, and in 
 defense of the more perfect Union, which has conferred prosperity and happiness on the 
 American people. " Renewing," said they, "the pledge given and redeemed by our fathers, we 
 are ready to devote our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honors in upholding the Union and 
 the constitution." 
 
 The legislature, in order to put the State upon a kind of " war footing," passed an act for 
 its defense, and to aid in enforcing the laws and maintaining the authority of the General 
 Government. It was under this act that Governor Randall was enabled to organize the earlier 
 regiments of Wisconsin. By it, in case of a call from the president of the United States to aid 
 in maintaining the Union and the supremacy of the laws to suppress rebellion or insurrection, or 
 to repel invasion within the United States, the governor was authorized to provide, in the most 
 efficient manner, for responding to such call — to accept the services of volunteers for service, 
 in companies of seventy-five men each, rank and file, and in regiments of ten companies each, 
 and to commission officers for them. The governor was also authorized to contract for 
 uniforms and equipments necessary for putting such companies into active service. One 
 hundred thousand dollars were appropriated for war purposes ; and bonds were authorized to 
 be issued for that amount, to be negotiated by the governor, for raising funds. It will be seen, 
 therefore, that the exigencies of the times — for Fort Su nter had not yet been surrendered — 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 71 
 
 were fully met by the people's representatives, they doing their whole duty, as they then under- 
 stood it, in aid of the perpetuity of the Union. 
 
 Having defended Fort Sumter for thirty-four hours, until the quarters were entirely burned, 
 the main gates destroyed, the gorge-wall seriously injured, the magazine surrounded by flames, 
 and its door closed from the effects of the heat, four barrels and three cartridges of powder only 
 being available, and no provisions but pork remaining, Robert Anderson, hiajor of the first 
 artillery. United States army, accepted terms of evacuation offered by General Beauregard, 
 marched out of the fort on Sunday afternoon, the fourteenth of April, 1861, with colors flying 
 and drums beating, bringing away company and private property, and saluting his flag with fifty guns. 
 This, in brief, is the story of the fall of Sumter and the opening act of the War of the Rebellion. 
 "Whereas," said Abraham Lincoln, president, in his proclamation of the next day, " i lie 
 laws of the United States have been for some time past, and now are, opposed, and the execution 
 thereof obstructed, in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, 
 Louisiana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of 
 judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals by law." Now, in view of that 
 fact, he called forth the militia of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of 
 seventy-five thousand, in order to suppress those combinations, and to cause the laws to be duly 
 executed. " A call is made on you by to-night's mail for one regiment of militia for immediate 
 service," telegraphed the secretary of war to Randall, on the same day. 
 
 In Wisconsin, as elsewhere, the public pulse quickened under the excitement of the fall of 
 Sumter. " The dangers which surrounded the nation awakened the liveliest sentiments of 
 patriotism and devotion. For the time, party fealty was forgotten in the general desire to save 
 the nation. The minds of the people soon settled into the conviction that a bloody war was at 
 hand, and that the glorious fabric of our National Government, and the principles upon which 
 it is founded, were in jeopardy, and with a determination unparalleled in the history of any 
 country, they rushed to its defense. On every hand the National flag could be seen displayed, 
 and the public enthusiasm knew no bounds; in city, town, and hamlet, the burden on every 
 tongue was war." "We have never been accustomed," said Governor Randall, " to consider the 
 military arm as essential to the maintenance of our government, but an exigency has arisen 
 that demands its employment." "The time has come," he continued, " when parties and plat- 
 forms must be forgotten, and all good citizens and patriots unite together in putting down rebels 
 and traitors." "What is money,'' he asked, "what is life, in the presence of such a crisis .■■ " 
 Such utterances and such enthusiasm could but have their effect upon the legislature, which, it 
 will be remembered, was still in session ; so, although that body had already voted to adjourn, 
 sine die, on the fifteenth of April, yet, when the moment arrived, and a message from the governor 
 was received, announcing that, owing to the extraordinary exigencies which had arisen, an amend- 
 ment of the law of the thirteenth instant was necessary, the resolution to adjourn was at once 
 rescinded. The two houses thereupon not only increased the amount of bonds to be issued to 
 two hundred thousand dollars, but they also passed a law exempting from civil process, during 
 the time of service, all persons enlisting and mustering into the United States army from Wis- 
 consin. When, on the seventeenth, the legislature did adjourn, the scene was a remarkable one. 
 Nine cheers were given for the star spangled banner and three for the Governor's Guard, who 
 had just then tendered their services — the first in the State — under the call for a regiment of 
 men for three months' duty. 
 
 " For the first time in the history of this federal government," are the words of the gover- 
 nor, in a proclamation issued on the sixteenth of April, "organized treason has manifested itself 
 within several States of the Union, and armed rebels are making war against it." " The 
 treasuries of the country," said he, "must no longer be plundered; the public property must be 
 
72 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 protected from aggressive violence ; that already seized must be retaken, and the laws must 
 be executed in every State of the Union alike." "A demand," he added, '' made upon Wiscon- 
 sin by the president of the United States, for aid to sustain the federal arm, must meet with a 
 prompt response." The patriotism of the State was abundantly exhibited in their filling up 
 a rei^iment before some of the remote settlements had any knowledge of the call. On the twenty- 
 second, Governor Randall reported to the secretary of war that the First regiment was ready 
 to go into rendezvous. The jilace designated was "Camp Scott," at Milwaukee; the day, the 
 twenty-seventh of April. Then and there the several companies assembled — the regiment after- 
 ward completing its organization. 
 
 With a wise foresight, Governor Randall ordered, as a reserve force and in advance of another 
 call for troops by the president, the formation of two more regiments — the Second and Third, 
 and, eventually, the Fourth. Camps at Madison, Fond du Lac, and Racine, were formed for 
 their reception, where suitable buildings were erected for their accommodation. Companies 
 assigned to the Second regiment were ordered to commence moving into "Camp Randall," at 
 Madison, on the first day of May. On the seventh, the secretary of war, under call of the presi- 
 dent of the United States for forty-two thousand additional volunteers — this time for three years, 
 or during the war — telegraphed Governor Randall that no more three months' volunteers were 
 wanted; that such companies as were recruited must re-enlist for the new term or be disbanded. 
 
 At the extra session of the legislature of Wisconsin, which, as already mentioned, com- 
 menced on the fifteenth of May, called by Governor Randall immediately upon his being notified 
 of the second call of the president for troops, on the third of May, the law hurriedly passed at 
 the close of the regular session, and under which the governor had organized the First regi- 
 ment, was found inadequate to meet the second call for troops. " A bill was introduced, and became 
 a law, authorizing the governor to raise six regiments of infantry, inclusive of those he had organ- 
 ized or placed at quarters. When the six regiments were mustered into the United States service, 
 he was authorized to raise two additional regiments, and thus to keep two regiments continually 
 in reserve to meet any future call of the General Government. He was authorized to quarter 
 and subsist volunteers at rendezvous— to transport, clothe, subsist and quarter them in camp at 
 the expense of the State. Arms and munitions were to be furnished by the United States. 
 Recruits were to be mustered into State service, and into United States service, for three years. 
 Two assistant surgeons to each regiment were to be apjiointed, and paid by the State. The regi- 
 ments, as they came into camp, were to be instructed in drill and various camp duties, to secure 
 efficiency in the field. The troops, so called in, were to be paid monthly by the State, the same 
 pay and emoluments as the soldiers in the United States army, from the date of enlistment. The 
 paymaster general was authorized to draw funds from the State treasury for the payment of 
 the State troops, and the expense incurred in subsisting, transporting and clothing them. The 
 governor was authorized to purchase military stores, subsistence, clothing, medicine, field and 
 camp equipage, and the sum of one million dollars was appropriated to enable the governor to 
 carry out the law." 
 
 Other laws were passed relating to military matters. One authorized the governor to pur- 
 chase two thousand stand of arms ; and fifty thousand dollars were appropriated to pay for the 
 same. Another authorized counties, towns, cities and incorporated villages to levy taxes for 
 the purpose of providing for the support of families of volunteers residing in their respective 
 limits. The one passed at the previous session, exempting volunteers from civil process vhile in 
 the service, was amended so as to include all who might thereafter enlist. One granted five dollars 
 per month as extra pay to enlisted volunteers having families dependent upon them for support, 
 payable to their families. Another authorized the governor to employ such aids, clerks and 
 
WISCONSTN AS A STATE. 78 
 
 messengers, as he deemed necessary for the public interests. Still another authorized the pay- 
 ment of those who had enlisted for three months, but had declined to go in for three years. 
 The expenses of the extra session were ordered to be paid out of the " war fund." One million 
 dollars in bonds were authorized to be issued for war purposes to form that fund. The governor, 
 secretary of state and state treasurer were empowered to negotiate them. By a joint resolu- 
 tion approved the twenty-first of May, the consent of the legislature was given to the governor 
 to be absent from the State during the war, for as long a time as in his discretion he might think 
 proper or advisable, in connection with the military forces of the State. For liberality, zeal and 
 genuine patriotism, the members of the Wisconsin legislature, for the year 1861, deserve a high 
 commendation. All that was necessary upon their final adjournment at the close of the extra 
 session to place the State upon a " war footing," was the organization by the governor of the 
 various military departments. These he effected by appointing Brigadier General William L. 
 Utley, adjutant general; Brigadier General W. W. Tredway, quartermaster general; Colonel 
 Edwin R. Wadsworth, commissary general; Brigadier General Simeon Mills, paymaster gen- 
 eral; Brigadier General E. B. Wolcott, surgeon general; Major E. L. Buttrick, judge advocate; 
 and Colonel William H. Watson, military secretary. 
 
 On the seventeenth of May, the First regiment, at "Camp Scott," was mustered into the 
 United States service, and the war department informed that it awaited marching orders. The 
 regimental officers were not all in accordance with the law and mode adopted afterwards. On 
 the seventh of the month Governor Randall had appointed Rufus King a brigadier general, and 
 assigned the First, Second, Third and Fourth regiments to his command as the Wisconsin 
 brigade ; although at that date only the First and Second had been called into camp. This 
 brigade organization was not recognized by the General Government. The secretary of war 
 telegraphed the governor of Wisconsin that the quota of the State, under the second call of the 
 president, was two regiments — so that the whole number under both calls was only three — one 
 (the First) for three months, two (the Second and Third) for three years. Notwithstanding this, 
 Governor Randall proceeded to organize the Fourth. 
 
 As a number of the companies ordered into " Camp Randall " on the first day of May to 
 form the Second regiment had only enlisted for three months, the order of the secretary of war 
 of the seventh of that month making it imperative that all such companies must re-enlist for 
 three years or during the war, or be disbanded, the question of extending their term of enlist- 
 ment was submitted to the companies of the regiment, when about five hundred consented to 
 the change. The quota of the regiment was afterward made r.p, and the whole mustered into 
 the service of the United States for three years or during the war, under the president's second 
 call for troops. This was on the eleventh of June, 1861. The Third regiment having had its 
 companies assigned early in May, they were ordered in June into "Camp Hamilton" at Fond 
 du Lac, where the regiment was organized, and, on the twenty-ninth of June, mustered into the 
 United States' service as a three years regiment. This filled Wisconsin's quota under the second 
 call of President Lincoln. By this time war matters in the State began to assume a systematic 
 course of procedure — thanks to the patriotism of the people, the wisdom of the legislature, and 
 the untiring energy and exertions of the governor and his subordinates. 
 
 The determination of the secretary of war to accept from Wisconsin only two three-years 
 regiments under the second call for troops was soon changed, and three more were authorized, 
 making it necessary to c ganize the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth. The Fourth was called into " Camp 
 Utley " at Racine on the sixth of June, and was mustered into the service of the United States 
 on the ninth of the follo-.ving month. By the twenty-eighth of June, all the companies of the 
 Fifth had assembled at '' Camp Randall," and on the thirteenth of July were mustered in as 
 
"^•^ HISTORY OF WTSCOlSrSTN. 
 
 United States troops. By the first of July, at the same place, the complement for the Sixth 
 regiment had been made up, and the companies were mustered for three years into the service 
 of the General Government, on the sixteenth of the same month. Governor Randall did not 
 stop the good work when six regiments had been accepted, but assigned the necessary companies ' 
 to form two more regiments — the Seventh and Eighth ; however, he wisely concluded not to call 
 them into camp until after harvest, unless specially required to do so. " If they are needed 
 sooner," said the governor, in a letter to the president on the first of July, " a call will be imme- 
 diately responded to, and we shall have their uniforms and equipments ready for them." " By 
 the authority of our legislature," added the writer, ' I shall, after the middle of August, keep 
 two regiments equipped and in camp ready for a call to service, and will have them ready at an 
 earlier day if needed." 
 
 About the latter part of June, W. P. Alexander, of Beloit, a good marksman, was commis- 
 sioned captain to raise a company of sharpshooters for Berdan's regiment. He at once engaged 
 in the work. The company was tilled to one hundred and three privates and three officers. It 
 left the State about the middle of September under Captain Alexander, and was mustered into 
 the service at Wehawken on the twenty-third day of that month, as Company "G " of Berdan's 
 regiment of sharpshooters. On the twenty-sixth of July, a commission was issued to G. Van 
 Deutsch, of Milwaukee, to raise a company of cavalry. He succeeded in filling his company to 
 eighty-four men. He left the State in September, joining Fremont. The company was after- 
 ward attached to the fifth cavalry regiment of Missouri. 
 
 About the 20th of August, Governor Randall was authorized to organize and equip as rapidly 
 as possible five regiments of infantry and five batteries of artillery, and procure for them necessary 
 clothing and equipments according to United States regulations and prices, subject to the inspec- 
 tion of officers of the General Government. The five regiments were to be additional to the 
 eight already raised. One regiment was to be German. During the last week of August the 
 companies of the Seventh regiment were ordered into " Camp Randall," at Madison. They were 
 mustered into the service soon after arrival. On the 28th of August orders were issued for the 
 reorganization of the First regiment for three years, its term of three months having expired. 
 The secretary of war having signified his acceptance of the regiment for the new term, its mus- 
 tering into the service was completed on the nineteenth of October. This made six infantry regi- 
 ments in addition to the eight already accepted, or fourteen in all. On the same day orders were 
 issued assigning companies to the Eighth regiment, — the whole moving to " Camp Randall," at 
 Madison, the first week in September, where their mustering in was finished on the thirteenth. 
 
 The Ninth, a German reginent, was recruited in squads, and sent into camp, where they were 
 formed into companies, and the whole mustered in on the 26th of October, 1 861, at " Camp Sigel," 
 Milwaukee. Companies were assigned the Tenth regiment on the i8th of September, and 
 ordered into camp at Milwaukee, where it was fully organized about the first of October, being 
 mustered into the service on the fourteenth of that month. The Tenth infantry was enlisted in 
 September, 1861, and mustered in on the fourteenth of October, i86r, at "Camp Holton," Mil- 
 waukee. The Eleventh regiment was called by companies into " Camp Randall " the latter part 
 of September and first of October, 1861, and mustered in on the eighteenth. The Twelfth was 
 called in to the same camp and mustered in by companies between the twenty-eighth of October 
 and the fifth of November, 1861. The Thirteenth rendezvoused at "Camp Treadway," Janes- 
 ville, being mustered into the United States service on the seventeenth of October, 1S61. These 
 thirteen regiments were all that had been accepted and mustered into the United States serv'oe 
 while Randall was governor. 
 
 From the commencement of the rebellion a great desire had been manifested for the orfan- 
 
"WISCONSrNT AS A STATE. '76 
 
 ization of artillery companies in Wisconsin, and this desire was finally gratified. Each battery 
 was to number one hundred and fifty men, and, as has been shown, five had been authorized by 
 the General Government to be raised in Wisconsin. The First battery was recruited at La 
 Crosse, under the superintendence of Captain Jacob T. Foster, and was known as the " La Crosse 
 Artillery." It rendezvoused at Racine^early in October, 1861, where on the tenth of that month, 
 it" was mustered into the United States service. The Second battery. Captain Ernest Herzberg, 
 assembled at " Camp Utley," Racine, and was mustered in with the First battery on the tenth. 
 The Third, known as the " Badger Battery," was organized by Captain L. H. Drury, at Madison 
 and Berlin, and was mustered into the service on the same day and at the same place as the First 
 and Second. The Fourth battery, recruited and organized at Beloit, under the supervision of 
 Captain John F. Vallee, was mustered in on the first of October, 1861, at Racine. The Fifth 
 battery was recruited at Monroe, Green county, under the superintendence of Captain Oscar F- 
 Pinney, moving afterward to " Camp Utley," Racine, where, on the first of October, it was mus- 
 tered in, along with the Fourth. So brisk had been the recruiting, it was ascertained by the 
 governor that seven companies had been raised instead of five, when the secretary of war was 
 telegraphed to, and the extra companies — the Si.xth and Seventh accepted ; the Sixth, known as 
 the " Buena Vista Artillery," being recruited at Lone Rock, Richland county, in September, 
 Captain Henry Dillon, and mustered in on the second of October, 1861, at Racine; the Seventh, 
 known as the "Badger State Flying Artillery," having organized at Milwaukee, Captain Richard 
 R. Griffiths, and mustered in on the fourth of the same month, going into camp at Racine on the 
 eighth. This completed the mustering in of the first seven batteries, during Governor Randall's 
 administration ; the whole mustered force being thirteen regiments of infantry; one company of 
 cavalry ; one of sharpshooters ; and these seven artillery companies. " Wisconsin," said the gov- 
 ernor, in response to a request as to the number of regiments organized, " sent one regiment 
 for three months, — officers and men eight hundred and ten. The other regiments f ir the war up 
 to the Thirteenth (including the First, re-organized), will average one thousand men each ; one 
 company of sharpshooters for Berdan's regiment, one hundred and three men ; and seven 
 companies of light artillery." Of cavalry from Wisconsin, only Deutsch's company had been 
 mustered into the United States, although three regiments had been authorized by the General 
 Government before the close of Randall's administration. The governor, before the expiration 
 of his office, was empowered to organize more artillery companies — ten in all ; and five additional 
 regiments of infantry — making the whole number eighteen. On the tenth of December, he 
 wrote : " Our Fourteenth infantry is full and in camp. * * * Fifteenth has five companies 
 in camp, and filling up. Sixteenth has eight companies in camp, and will be full by the 25th of 
 December. Seventeenth has some four hundred men enlisted. Eighteenth will be in camp, full, 
 by January i. Seven maximum companies of artillery in camp. * * * Three regiments of 
 cavalry — two full above the maximum ; the third, ahout eight hundred men in camp." It 
 will be seen, therefore, that a considerable number of men in the three branches of the service 
 was then in camp that had not been mustered into the service; and this number was considerably 
 increased by the 6th of January, 1862, the day that Randall's official term expired; but no more 
 men were mustered in, until his successor came into office, than those previously mentioned. 
 
 The First regiment — three months' — left " Camp Scott," Milwaukee, on the ninth of June, 
 1861, for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania — eight hundred and ten in number; John C. Starkweather, 
 colonel. The regiment returned to Milwaukee on the seventeenth of August, 1S61, and was 
 mustered out on the twenty-second. 
 
 The First regiment re-organized at "Camp Scott," Milwaukee. Its mustering into the 
 service, as previously mentioned, was completed on the nineteenth of October. On the twenty- 
 
76 . HISTORY 0"F WISCONSIN". 
 
 *^ 
 eighth, it started for Louisville, Kentucky— nine hundred and forty-five strong — under command 
 of its former colonel, John C. Starkweather. The Second regiment, witli S. Park Coon as 
 colonel, left " Camp Randall, Madison, for Washington city, on the eleventh of June, 1861 — 
 numbering, in all, one thousand and fifty-one. The Third regiment started from " Camp 
 Hamilton," Fond du Lac, for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, under command of Charles S. Hamilton, 
 as colonel, on the twelfth of July, 1861, with a numerical strength of nine hundred and seventy- 
 nine. The Fourth regiment — Colonel Halbert E. Payne — with a numerical strength of one 
 thousand and fifty-three, departed on the fifteenth of July, 1 86 1, from "Camp Utley," Racine, 
 for Baltimore, Maryland. The Fifth regiment left " Camp Randall," Madison, one thousand 
 and fifty-eight strong, commanded by Colonel Amasa Cobb, on the twenty-fourth of July, 1861, 
 for Washington city. On the twenty-eighth of July, 1861, the Sixth regiment, numbering one 
 thousand and eighty-four, moved from Madison, having been ordered to Washington city. It 
 was commanded by Colonel Lysander Cutter. The Seventh regiment — Joseph Van Dor, Colonel 
 — with a numerical strength of one thousand and sixteen men — officers and privates, received 
 orders, as did the Fifth and Sixth, to move forward to Washington. They started from Madison 
 on the morning of the twenty-first of September, 1861, for active service. The Eighth infantry, 
 nine hundred and seventy-three strong, commanded by Colonel Robert C. Murphy, left Madison, 
 en route for St. Louis, Missouri, on the morning of the twelfth of October, 1861. The Ninth, or 
 German regiment, with Frederick Salomon in command as colonel, did not leave "Camp Sigel," 
 for active service, while Randall was governor. The Tenth infantry moved from " Camp 
 Holton," Milwaukee, commanded by Colonel Alfred R. Chapin, on the ninth of November, 1861, 
 destined for Louisville, Kentucky, with a total number of nine hundred and sixteen officers and 
 privates. On the twentieth of November, 1861, the Eleventh regiment "broke camp" at 
 Madison, starting for St. Louis, under command of Charles L. Harris, as colonel. Its whole 
 number of men was nine hundred and sixteen. The Twelfth regiment, at " Camp Randall," 
 Madison — Colonel George E. Bryant, and the Thirteenth, at " Camp Tredway," Janesville — 
 Colonel Maurice Maloney — -were still in camp at the expiration of the administration of Governor 
 Randall : these, with the Ninth, were all that had not moved out of the State for active service, 
 of those mustered in previous to January 6, 1 861, — making a grand total of infantry sent from 
 Wisconsin, up to that date, by the governor, to answer calls of the General Government, for 
 three years' service or during the war, of nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-one men, in ten 
 regiments, averaging very nearly one thousand to each regiment. Besides these ten regiments 
 of infantry for three years' service, Wisconsin had also sent into the field the First regiment, for 
 three months' service, numbering eight hundred and ten men ; Alexander's company of sharp- 
 shooters, one hundred and six; and Deutsch's company of cavalry, eighty-four: in all, one 
 thousand. Adding these to the three years' regiments, and the whole force, in round numbers, 
 was eleven thousand men, furnished by the State in 1861. 
 
 Eighth Administration. — Louis P. Harvey and Edward Salomon, Governors — 1862-1863. 
 
 Louis P. Harvey was inaugurated governor of Wisconsin on the sixth of January, 1862. 
 The fifteenth regular session of the legislature of the State began on the eighth of the same 
 month. In the senate, the republicans were in the majority ; but in the assembly they had 
 only a plurality of members, there being a number of" Union" men in that branch — enough, 
 indeed, to elect, by outside aid, J. W. Beardsley, who ran for the assembly, upon the " Union " 
 ticket, as speaker. Governor Harvey, on the tenth, read his message to the legislature in joint 
 convention. " No previous legislature,," are his opening words, " has convened under equal 
 incentives to a disinterested zeal in the public service The occasion," he adds, "pleads 
 
WISCONSrN" AS A STATE. 77 
 
 with you in rebuke of all the meaner passions, admonishing to the exercise of a conscientious 
 patriotism, becoming the representatives of a Christian people, called in God's providence to 
 pass through the furnace of a great trial of their virtue, and of the strength of the Government." 
 On the seventh of April following, the legislature adjourned until the third of June next ensuing. 
 Before it again assembled, an event occurred, casting a gloom over the whole State. The 
 occasion was the accidental drowning of Governor Harvey. 
 
 Soon after the battle of Pittsburgh Landing, on the seventh of April, 1862, the certainty 
 that some of the Wisconsin regiments had suffered severely, induced the governor to organize 
 a reli .>f party, to aid the wounded and suffering soldiers from the State. On the tenth, Harvey 
 and others started on their tour of benevolence. Arriving at Chicago, they found a large num- 
 ber of boxes had been forwarded there from different points in the State, containing supplies of 
 various kinds. At Mound City, Paducah, and Savannah, the governor and his party adminis- 
 tered to the wants of the sick and wounded Wisconsin soldiers. Having completed their mission 
 of mercy, they repaired to a boat in the harbor of Savannah, to await the arrival of the Minne- 
 haha, which was to convey them to Cairo, on their homeward trip. It was late in the evening of 
 the nineteenth of April, 1862, and very dark when the boat arrived which was to take the 
 governor and his friends on board ; and as she rounded to, the bow touching the Dunkith, on 
 which was congregated the party ready to depart. Governor Harvey, by a misstep, fell overboard 
 between the two boats, into the Tennessee river. The current was strong, and the water more 
 than thirty feet deep. Every thing was done that could be, to save his life, but all to no 
 purpose. His body was subsequently found and brought to Madison for interment. Edward 
 Salomon, lieutenant governor, by virtue of a provision of the constitution of the State, upon the 
 death of Harvey, succeeded to the office of governor of Wisconsin. On the third day of June, 
 the legislature re-assembled in accordance with adjournment on the seventh of April previous, 
 Governor Salomon, in his message of that day, to the senate and assembly, after announcing 
 the sad event of the death of the late governor, said : " The last among the governors elected 
 by the people of this State, he is the first who has been removed by death from our midst. The 
 circumstances leading to and surrounding the tragic and melancholy end of the honored and 
 lamented deceased, are well known to the people, and are, with his memory, treasured up in 
 their hearts." He died," added Salomon, " while in the exercise of the highest duties of philan- 
 thropy and humanity, that a noble impulse had imposed upon him." The legislature, on the 
 thirteenth of June, by a joint resolution, declared that in the death of Governor Harvey, the 
 State had " lost an honest, faithful, and efficient public officer, a high-toned gentleman, a warm- 
 hearted philanthropist, and a sincere friend." Both houses adjourned sine die, on the seventeuth 
 of June, 1862. 
 
 Business of great public importance, in the judgment of the governor, rendering a special 
 session of the legislature necessary, he issued, on the twenty-ninth of August, 1862, his proc- 
 lamation to that effect, convening both houses on the tenth of September following. On that 
 day he sent in his message, relating wholly to war matters. He referred to the fact that since 
 the adjournment of the previous session, six hundred thousand more men had been called for by 
 the president of the United States, to suppress the rebellion. " It is evident," said he, " that to 
 meet further calls, it is necessary to rely upon a system of drafting or conscription, in Wisconsin." 
 The governor then proceeded to recommend such measures as he deemed necessary to meet 
 the exigencies of the times. The legislature levied a tax to aid volunteering, and passed a law 
 giving the right of suffrage to soldiers in the military service. They also authorized the raising 
 of money for payment of bounties to volunteers. The legislature adjourned on the twenty- 
 sixth of September, 1S62, after a session of sixteen days, and the enacting of seventeen laws. 
 
78 HISTOEY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 On the 7th of October, James H. Howe, attorney general, resigned his office to enter the 
 army. On the 14th of that month, Winfield Smith was appointed by the governor to fill the 
 vacancy. 
 
 At the general election in the Fall of this year, six congressmen were elected to the thirty- 
 eighth congress: James S. Brown from the first district; I. C. Sloan, from the second; Amasa 
 Cobb, from the third ; Charles A. Eldredge, from the fourth ; Ezra Wheeler, from the fifth; and 
 W. D. Mclndoe, from the sixth district. Sloan, Cobb, and Mclndoe, were elected as republi- 
 cans ; Brown, Eldridge, and Wheeler, as democrats. 
 
 The sixteenth regular session of the Wisconsin legislature, commenced on the fourteenth of 
 January, 1863. J. Allen Barber was elected speaker of the assembly. The majority in both 
 houses was republican. Governor Salomon read his message on the fifteenth, to the joint 
 convention, referring, at length, to matters connected with the war of the rebellion. A large 
 number of bills were passed by the legislature for the benefit of soldiers and their families. On 
 the twenty-second, the legislature re-elected James R. Doollttle, to the United States senate for 
 six years, from the fourth of March next ensuing. The legislature adjourned sine die on the 
 second of April following. In the Spring of this year, Luther S. Dixon was re-elected chief 
 justice of the supreme court, running as an independent candidate. 
 
 By a provision of the Revised Statutes of 185S, as amended by an act passed in 1862, and 
 interpreted by another act passed in 1875, the terms of the justices of the supreme court, 
 elected for a full term, commence on the first Monday in January next succeeding their election. 
 
 At the Fall election there were two tickets in the field : democratic and union republican. 
 The latter was successful, electing James T. Lewis, governor ; Wyman Spooner, lieutenant 
 governor; Lucius Fairchild, secretary of state; S. D. Hastings, state treasurer; Winfield 
 Smith, attorney general ; J. L. Pickard, state superintendent ; W. H. Ramsay, bank comp- 
 troller ; and Henry Cordier, state prison commissioner. 
 
 War of Secession — Harvey ,4nd Salomon's Administration. 
 
 When Governor Randall turned over to his successor in the gubernatorial chair, the military 
 matters of Wisconsin, he had remaining in the State, either already organized or in process of 
 formation, the Ninth infantry, also the Twelfth up to the Nineteenth inclusive ; three regiments 
 of cavalry; and ten batteries — First to Tenth inclusive. Colonel Edward Daniels, in the Summer 
 of 1861, was authorized by the war department to recruit and organize one battalion of cavalry 
 in Wisconsin. He was subsequently authorized to raise two more companies. -Governor Ran- 
 dall, in October, was authorized to complete the regiment — the First cavalry — by the organiza- 
 tion of six additional companies. The organization of the Second cavalry regiment was author- 
 ized in the Fall of 1861, as an "independent acceptance," but w.2>3 finally turned over to the 
 State authorities. Early in November, 1861, the war department issued an order discontinuing 
 enlistments for the cavalry service, and circulars were sent to the different State executives to 
 consolidate all incomplete regiments. Ex-Governor Barstow, by authority of General Fremont, 
 which authority was confirmed by the General Government, had commenced the organization of 
 a cavalry regiment — ■ the Third Wisconsin — when Governor Randall received information that 
 the authority of Barstow had been revoked. The latter, however, soon had his authority 
 restored. In October, Governor Randall was authorized by the war department to raise three 
 additional companies of artillery — Eighth to Tenth inclusive. These three batteries were all 
 filled and went into camp by the close of 1861. Governor Randall, therefore, besides sending 
 out of the State eleven thousand men, had in process of formation, or fully organized, nine 
 regiments of infantry, three regiments of cavalry, and ten companies of artillery, left behind in 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 79 
 
 various camps in the Stale, to be turned over to his successor. 
 
 The military officers of Wisconsin were the governor, Louis P. Harvey, commander-in- 
 chief; Brigadier General Augustus Gaylord, adjutant general; Brigadier General VV. W. Tred- 
 way, quartermaster general ; Colonel Edwin R. Wadsworth, commissary general ; Brigadier Gen- 
 eral Simeon Mills, paymaster general; Brigadier General E. B. Wolcott, surgeon general; Major 
 M. H. Carpenter, judge advocate; and Colonel William H. Watson, military secretary. As the 
 General Government had taken the recruiting service out of the hands of the executives of the 
 States, and appointed superintendents in their place, the offices of commissary general and 
 paymaster general were no longer necessary; and their time, after the commencement of the 
 administration in Wisconsin of 1862, was employed, so long as they continued their respective 
 offices, in settling up the business of each. The office of commissary general was closed about 
 the first of June, 1862; that of paymaster general on the tenth of July following. On the last 
 of August, 1862, Brigadier General Tredway resigned the position of quartermaster general, and 
 Nathaniel F. Lund was appointed to fill his ])lace. 
 
 Upon the convening of the legislature of the State in its regular January session of this 
 year — 1862, Governor Harvey gave, in his message to that body, a full statement of what had 
 been done by Wisconsin in matters appertaining to the war, under the administration of his 
 predecessor. He stated that the State furnished to the service of the General Government 
 under the call for volunteers for three months, one regiment — First Wisconsin; under the call 
 for volunteers for three years, or the war, ten regiments, numbering from the First re-organized 
 to the Eleventh, excluding the Ninth or German regiment. He gave as the whole number of 
 officers, musicians and privates, in these ten three-year regiments, ten thousand one hundred and 
 seventeen. He further stated that there were then organized and awaiting orders, the Ninth, in 
 " Camp Sigel," Milwaukee, numbering nine hundred and forty men, under Colonel Frederick 
 Salomon; the Twelfth, in " Camp Randall," one thousand and thirty-nine men, under Colonel 
 George E. Bryant; the Thirteenth, in "Camp Tredway," Janesville, having nine hundred and 
 nineteen men, commanded by Colonel M. Maloney ; and the Fourteenth, at " Camp Wood," 
 Fond du Lac, eight hundred and fifty men, under Colonel D. E. Wood. 
 
 The Fifteenth or Scandinavian regiment, Colonel H. C. Heg, seven hundred men, and the 
 Sixteenth, Colonel Benjamin Allen, nine hundred men, were at that time at "Camp Randall," in 
 near readiness for marching orders. The Seventeenth (Irish) regiment. Colonel J. L. Doran, and 
 the Eighteenth, Colonel James S. Alban, had their full number of companies in readiness, lacking 
 one, and had been notified to go into camp — the former at Madison, the latter at Milwaukee. 
 Seven companies of artillery, numbering together one thousand and fifty men, had remained for 
 a considerable time in " Camp Utley," Racine, impatient of the delays of the General Govern- 
 ment in calling them to move forward. Three additional companies of artillery were about 
 going into camp, numbering three hundred and thirty-four men. Besides these, the State had 
 furnished, as already mentioned, an independent company of cavalry, then in Missouri,_raised 
 by Captain Von Deutsch, of eighty-one men ; a company of one hundred and four men for Ber- 
 dan's sharpshooters; and an additional company for the Second regiment, of about eighty men. 
 Three regiments of cavalry — the First, Colonel E. Daniels ; the Second, Colonel C. C. Washburn ; 
 and the Third, Colonel W. A. Barstow; were being organized. They numbered together, two thou- 
 sand four hundred and fifty men. The Nineteenth (independent) regiment was rapidly organ- 
 izing under the direction of the General Government, by Colonel H. T. Sanders, Racine. Not 
 bringing this last regiment into view, the State had, at the commencement of Governor Harvey's 
 administration, including the First, three-months' regiment, either in the service of the United 
 States or organizing for it, a total of twenty-one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three men. 
 
80 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 The legislature at its regular session of 1S62, passed a law making it necessary to present 
 all claims which were made payable out of the war fund, within twelve months from the time they 
 accrued ; a law was also passed authorizing the investment of the principal of the school fund in 
 the bonds of the state issued for war purposes ; another, amendatory of the act of the extra session 
 of 1861, granting exemption to persons enrolled in the military service, so as to except persons 
 acting as fiduciary agents, either as executors or administrators, or guardians or trustees, or 
 persons defrauding the State, or any school district of moneys belonging to the same; also author- 
 izing a stay of proceedings in foreclosures of mortgages, by advertisements. " The State Aid 
 Law" was amended so as to apply to all regiments of infantry, cavalry, artillery and sharpshooters, 
 defining the rights of families, fixing penalties for the issue of false papers, and imposing duties on 
 military officers in the field to make certain reports. These amendments only included regi- 
 ments and companies organized up to and including the Twentieth, which was in process of 
 organization before the close of the session. A law was also passed suspending the sale of lands 
 mortgaged to the State, or held by volunteers ; another defining the duties of the allotment com- 
 missioners appointed by the president of the United States, and fixing their compensation. One 
 authorized the issuing of bonds for two hundred thousand dollars for war purposes ; one author- 
 ized a temporary loan from the general fund to pay State aid to volunteers ; and one, the appoint- 
 ment of a joint committee to investigate the sale of war bonds ; while another authorized the 
 governor to appoint surgeons to batteries, and assistant surgeons to cavalry regiments. 
 
 The legislature, it will be remembered, took a recess from the seventh of April to the third 
 of June, 1862. Upon its re-assembling, .- ict was passed providing 1 jr the discontinuance of the 
 active services of the paymaster general, quartermaster general and commissary general. 
 Another act appropriated twenty thousand dollars to enable the governor to care for the sick 
 and wounded soldiers of the State. There was also another act passed authorizing the auditing, 
 by the quartermaster general, of bills for subsistence and transportation of the Wisconsin cavalry 
 regiments. At the extra session called by Governor Salomon, for the tenth of September, 1S62, 
 an amendment was made to the law granting aid to families of volunteers, by including all regi- 
 ments of cavalry, infantry, or batteries of artillery before that time raised in the State, or that 
 might afterward be raised and mustered into the United States service. It also authorized the 
 levying of a State tax of two hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars to be placed to the credit 
 of the war fund and used in the payment of warrants for " State Aid" to families of volunteers. 
 Another law authorized commissioned officers out of the State to administer oaths and take 
 acknowledgments of deeds and other papers. One act authorized soldiers in the field, although 
 out of the State, to exercise the right of suffrage ; and another gave towns, cities, incorporated 
 villages and counties the authority to raise money to pay bounties to volunteers. 
 
 On the fifth of August, 1862, Governor Salomon received from the war department a dispatch 
 stating that orders had been issued for a draft of three hundred thousand men to be immediately 
 called into the service of the United States, to serve for nine months unless sooner discharged ; 
 that if the State quota under a call made July 2, of that year, for three hundred thousand vol- 
 unteers, was not filled by the fifteenth of .-Vugust, the deficiency would be made up by draft ; and ' 
 that the secretary of war would assign the quotas to the States and establish regulations for the 
 draft. On the eighth of that month, the governor of the Stale was ordered to immediately cause 
 an enrollment of all able-bodied citizens between eighteen and forty-five years of age, by counties. _ 
 Governor Salomon was authorized to appoint proper officers, and the United States promised to 
 pay all reasonable expenses. The quota for Wisconsin, under the call for nine months' men, was 
 eleven thousand nine hundred and four. The draft was made by the governor in obedience to 
 the order he had received from Washington ; but such had been the volunteering under the stim- 
 
WTSCONSIX AS A STATE. 81 
 
 idus caused by a fear of it, that only four thousand five hundred and thirty-seven men were 
 drafted. This was the first and only draft made in U'isconsin by the State authorities. 
 Subsequent ones were made under the direction of the provost marshal general at Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 The enlisting, organization and mustering into the United States service during Randall's 
 administration of thirteen regiments of infantry — the First to the Thirteenth inclusive, and the 
 marching of ten of them out of the State before the close of 1861, also, of one company of cavalry 
 under Captain Von Deutsch and one company of sharpshooters under Captain Alexander, con- 
 stituted the effective aid abroad of Wisconsi.i during that year to suppress the rebellion. But for 
 the year 1862, this aid, as to number of organizations, was more than doubled, as will now be 
 shown. 
 
 The Ninth regiment left " Camp Sigel," Milwaukee, under command of Colonel Frederick 
 Salomon, on the twenty-second of January, 1862, numbering thirty-nme officers and eight hun 
 dred and eighty-four men, to report at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. 
 
 The Twelfth infantry left Wisconsin under command of Colonel George E. Bryant, ten 
 hundred and forty-five strong, the eleventh of January, 1862, with orders to report at Weston, 
 Missouri. 
 
 The Thirteenth regiment — Colonel Maurice Maloney — left "Camp Tredway," Janesville, on 
 the eighteenth of January, 1862, nine hundred and seventy strong, under orders to report at 
 Leavenworth, Kansas, where it arrived on the twenty-third. 
 
 The Fourteenth regiment of infantry departed from " Camp Wood," Fond du Lac, under 
 command of Colonel David E. Wood, for St. Louis, Missouri, on the eightli of March, 1S62, it 
 having been mustered into the United States service on the thirtieth of January previous. Its 
 total strength was nine hundred and seventy officers and men. It arrived at its destination on 
 the tenth of March, and went into quarters at " Benton Barracks." 
 
 The Fifteenth regiment, mostly recruited from the Scandinavian population of Wisconsin, 
 was organized at " Camp Randall," Madison — Hans C. Heg as colonel. Its muster into the 
 United States service was completed on the fourteenth of February, 1S62, it leaving the State for 
 St. Louis, Missouri, on the second of March following, with a total strength of eight hundred and 
 one officers and men. 
 
 The Sixteenth regiment was organized at "Camp Randall," and was mustered into the 
 service on the last day of January, 1862, leaving the State, with Benjamin Allen as colonel, for 
 St. Louis on the thirteenth of March ensuing, having a total strength of one thousand and 
 sixty-six. 
 
 The reg.mental organization of the Seventeenth infantry (Irish), Colonel John L. Doran, 
 was effected at " Camp Randall," and the mustering in of the men completed on the fifteenth of 
 March, 1862, the regiment leaving the State on the twenty-third for St. Louis 
 
 The -Eighteenth regiment organized at " Camp Trowbridge," Milwaukee — James S. Alban, 
 colonel — completed its muster into the United States service on the fifteenth of March, 1862, 
 and left the State for St. Louis on the thirtieth, reaching their point of destination on the thirty- 
 first. 
 
 The Nineteenth infantry rendezvoused at Racine as an independent regiment, its colonel, 
 Horace T. Sanders, being commissioned by the war department. The men were mustered into 
 the service as fast as they were enlisted. Independent organizations being abolished, by an 
 order from Washington, the Nineteenth was placed on the same footing as other regiments in the 
 State. On the twentieth of April, 1862, the regiment was ordered to "Camp Randall " to guard 
 rebel prisoners. Here the mustering in was completed, numbering in all nine hundred and 
 seventv-three. They left the State for Washington on the second of June. 
 
82 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 The muster into the United States service of the Twentieth regiment — Bertine Pinckney, 
 colonel — was completed on the twenty-third of August, 1S62, at "Camp Randall," the original 
 strength being nine hundred and ninety. On the thirtieth of August the regiment left the State 
 for St. Louis. 
 
 The Twenty-first infantry was organized at Oshkosh, being mustered in on the fifth of Sep- 
 tember, 1862, with a force of one thousand and two, all told — Benjamin J. Sweet, colonel — 
 leaving the State for Cincinnati on the eleventh. 
 
 The Twenty-second regiment — Colonel William L. Utley^was organized at "Camp Utley," 
 Racine, and mustered in on the second of September, 1862. Its original strength was one thou- 
 sand and nine. It left the State for Cincinnati on the sixteenth. 
 
 On the thirtieth of August, 1S62, the Twenty-third regiment — Colonel Joshua J. Guppey — 
 was mustered in at "Camj) Randall," leaving Madison for Cincinnati on the fifteenth. 
 
 The Twenty-fourth infantry rendezvoused at "Camp Sigel," Milwaukee. Its muster in was 
 completed on the twenty-first of August, 1862, the regiment leaving the State under Colonel 
 Charles H. Larrabee, for Kentucky, on the fifth of September, one thousand strong. 
 
 On the fourteenth of September, 1862, at " Camp Salomon," LaCrosse, the Twenty-fifth 
 regiment was mustered into the service — Milton Montgomery, colonel. They left the State on 
 the nineteenth with orders to report to General Pope, at St. Paul, Minnesota, to aid in suppress- 
 ing the Indian difficulties in that State. Their entire strength was one thousand and eighteen. 
 The regiment, after contributing to the preservation of tranquillity among the settlers, and 
 deterring the Indians from hostilities, returned to Wisconsin, arriving at " Camp Randall " on the 
 eighteenth of December, 1862. 
 
 The Twenty-sixth — almost wholly a German regiment — was mustered into the service at 
 "Camp Sigel," Milwaukee, on the seventeenth of September, 1862. The regiment, under com- 
 mand of Colonel William H. Jacobs, left the State for Washington city on the sixth of October, 
 one thousand strong. 
 
 The Twenty-seventh infantry was ordered to rendezvous at "Camp Sigel," Milwaukee, on 
 the seventeenth of September, 1862 ; but the discontinuance of recruiting for new regiments in 
 August left the Twenty-seventh with only seven companies full. An order authorizing the 
 recruiting of three more companies was received, and under the supervision of Colonel Conrad 
 Krez the organization was completed, but the regiment at the close of the year had not been 
 mustered into the service. 
 
 On the twenty-fourth of October, 1862, the Twenty-eighth regiment — James M. Lewis, of 
 Oconomowoc, colonel — was mustered into the United States service at "Camp Washburn," Mil- 
 waukee. Its strength was nine hundred and sixty-one. In November, the regiment was 
 employed in arresting and guarding the draft rioters in Ozaukee county. It left the State for 
 Columbus, Kentucky, on the twentieth of December, where they arrived on the twenty-second; 
 remaining there until the fifth of January, 1863. 
 
 The Twenty-ninth infantry — Colonel Charles R.Gill — was organized at " Camp Randall," 
 where its muster into the United States service was completed on the twenty-seventh of Sep- 
 tember, 1862, the regiment leaving the State for Cairo, Illinois, on the second of November. 
 
 The Thirtieth regiment, organized at "Camp Randall" under the supervision of Colonel 
 Daniel J. Dill, completed its muster into the United States service on the twenty-first of October, 
 1862, with a strength of nine hundred and six. On the sixteenth of November, one company of 
 the Thirtieth was sent to Green Bay to protect the draft commissioner, remaining several weeks. 
 On the eighteenth, seven companies moved to Milwaukee to assist in enforcing the draft in Mil- 
 waukee county, while two companies remained in "Camp Randall" to guard Ozaukee rioters. 
 
^, ^ ^s,^^^^^.^^-^^^ , 
 
 /-- 
 
 FOHD DU LAC- 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 83 
 
 On the twenty-second, six companies from Milwaukee went to West Bend, Washington county, 
 one company returning to "Camp Randall." After the completion of the draft in Washington 
 county, four companies returned to camp, while two companies were engaged in gathering up 
 the drafted men. 
 
 The final and complete organization of the Thirty-first infantry — Colonel Isaac E. Mess- 
 more — was not concluded during the year 1862. 
 
 The Thirty-second regiment, organized at "Camp Bragg," Oshkosh, with James H. Howe 
 as colonel, was mustered into the service on the twenty-fifth of September, 1862; and, on the 
 thirtieth of October, leaving the State, it proceeded by way of Chicago and Cairo to Memphis, 
 Tennessee, going into camp on the third of November. The original strength of the Thirty- 
 second was nine hundred and ninety-three. 
 
 The Thirty-third infantry — Colonel Jonathan B. Moore — mustered in on the eighteenth of 
 October, 1862, at " Camp Utley," Racine, left the State, eight hundred and ninety-two strong, 
 moving by way of Chicago to Cairo. 
 
 The Thirty-fourth regiment, drafted men, original strength nine hundred and sixty-one — 
 Colonel Fritz Anneke — had its muster into service for nine months completed at " Camp Wash- 
 burn," Milwaukee, on the last day of the year 1862. 
 
 Of the twenty-four infantry regiments, numbered from the Twelfth to the Thirty-fourth 
 inclusive, and including also the Ninth, three— the Ninth, Twelfth, and Thirteenth — were mus- 
 tered into the United States service in 1861. The whole of the residue were mustered in during 
 the year 1862, except the Twenty-seventh and the Thirty-first. All were sent out of the State 
 during 1862, except the last two mentioned and the Twenty-fifth, Thirtieth, and Thirty-fourth. 
 The First regiment of cavalry — Colonel Edward Daniels — perfected its organization at 
 " Camp Harvey," Kenosha. Its muster into the United States service was completed on the 
 eighth of March, 1862, the regiment leaving the State for St. Louis on the seventeenth, with a 
 strength of eleven hundred and twenty-four. 
 
 The muster of the Second Wisconsin cavalry was completed on the twelfth of March, 1862, 
 at "Camp Washburn," Milwaukee, the regiment leaving the State for St. Louis on the twenty- 
 fourth, eleven hundred and twenty-seven strong. It was under the command of Cadwallader C. 
 Washburn as colonel. 
 
 The Third Wisconsin cavalry— Colonel William A. Barstow — was mustered in at " Camp 
 Barstow," Janesville. The muster was completed on the 31st of January, 1862, the regiment 
 leaving the State on the 26th of March for St. Louis, with a strength of eleven hundred and 
 eighty-six. 
 
 The origmal project of forming a regiment of light artillery in Wisconsin was overruled 
 by the war department, and the several batteries were sent from the State as independent 
 organizations. 
 
 The First battery— Captain Jacob T. Foster— perfected its organization at "Camp Utley," 
 where the company was mustered in, it leaving the State with a strength of one hundred and 
 fifty-five, on the 23d of January, 1862, for Louisville, where the battery went into "Camp 
 Irvine," near that city. The Second battery — Captain Ernest F. Herzberg — was mustered into 
 the service at "Camp Utley," October 10, 1861, the company numbering one hundred and fifty- 
 three. It left the State for Baltimore, on the 21st of January, 1862. The Third battery — Cap- 
 tain L. H. Drury — completed its organization of one hundred and seventy at " Camp Utley," and 
 was mustered in October 10, 186 1, leaving the State for Louisville, on the 23d of January, 
 1862. The Fourth battery — Captain John F. Vallee — rendezvoused at "Camp Utley." Its 
 muster in was completed on the rst of October, 1861, its whole force being one hundred and fifty 
 one. The company left the State for Baltimore on the 21st of January, 1862. The Fifth bat- 
 
84 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 tery, commanded by Captain Oscar F. Pinney, was mustered in on the ist of October, 1861, at 
 " Camp Utley," leaving the State for St. Louis, on the 15th of March, 1862, one hundred and 
 fifty-five strong. The Si.xth battery — Captain Henry Dillon — was mustered in on the 2d of 
 October, 1861, at " Camp Utley," leaving the State for St. Louis, March 15, 1862, with a numer- 
 ical strength of one hundred and fifty-seven. The Seventh battery — Captain Richard R. Grif- 
 fiths — was mustered in on the 4th of October, 1S61, at " Camp Utley," and proceeded on the 15th 
 of March, 1862, with the Fifth and Si.xth batteries to St. Louis. The Eighth battery, com- 
 manded by Captain Stephen J. Carpenter, was mustered in on the 8th of January, 1862, at 
 "Camp Utley," and left the State on the i8th of March following, for St. Louis, one hundred and 
 sixty-one strong. The Ninth battery, under command of Captain Cyrus H. Johnson, was organ- 
 ized at Burlington, Racine county. It was mustered in on the 7th of January, 1862, leaving 
 " Camp Utley " for St. Louis, on the i8th of March. At St. Louis, their complement of men — 
 one hundred and fifty-five — was made up by the transfer of forty-five from another battery. The 
 Tenth battery — Captain Yates V. Bebee— after being mustered in at Milwaukee, on the loth of 
 February, 1862, left " Camp Utley," Racine, on the i8th of March for St. Louis, one hundred and 
 seventeen strong. The Eleventh battery — Captain John O'Rourke — was made up of the "Oconto 
 Irish Guards " and a detachment of Illinois recruits. The company was organized at " Camp 
 Douglas," Chicago, in the Spring of 1862. Early in 1862, William A. Pile succeeded in enlisting 
 ninety-nine men as a company to be known as the Twelfth battery. The men were mustered in 
 and sent forward in squads to St. Louis. Captain Pile's commission was revoked on the 18th 
 of July. His place was filled by William Zickrick. These twelve batteries were all that left the 
 State in 1862. To these are to be added the three regiments of cavalry and the nineteen regi- 
 ments of infantry, as the effective force sent out during the year by Wisconsin. 
 
 The military officers of the State, at the commencement of 1863, were Edward Salomon, 
 governor and commander-in-chief; Brigadier General Augustus Gaylord, adjutant general; 
 Colonel S. Nye Gibbs, assistant adjutant general ; Brigadier General Nathaniel F. Lund, 
 quartermaster general ; Brigadier General E. B. Wolcott, surgeon general ; and Colonel W. H. 
 Watson, military secretary. The two incomplete regiments of 1S62 — the Twenty-seventh and 
 Thirty-first volunteers — were completed and in the field in March, 1863. The former was 
 mustered in at " Camp Sigel " — Colonel Conrad Krez — on the 7th of March, and left the State, 
 eight hundred and sixty-five strong, on the i6th for Columbus, Kentucky ; the latter, under 
 command of Colonel Isaac E. Messmore, with a strength of eight hundred and seventy-eight, 
 left Wisconsin on the ist of March, for Cairo, Illinois. The Thirty-fourth (drafted) regiment 
 left "Camp Washburn," Milwaukee, on the 31st of January, 1863, for Columbus, Kentucky, 
 numbering nine hundred and sixty-one, commanded by Colonel Fritz Anneke. On the 17th of 
 February, 1863, the Twenty-fifth regiment left "Camp Randall" for Cairo, Illinois. The 
 Thirtieth regiment remained in Wisconsin during the whole of 1863, performing various 
 duties — the only one of the whole thirty-four that, at the end of that year, had not left the State. 
 
 On the 14th of January, 1863, the legislature of Wisconsin, as before stated, convened 
 at Madison. Governor Salomon, in his message to that body, gave a summary of the transac- 
 tions of the war fund during the calendar year; also of what was done in 1862, in the recruiting 
 of military forces, and the manner in which the calls of the president were responded to. There 
 were a number of military laws passed at this session. A multitude of special acts authorizing 
 towns to raise bounties for volunteers, were also passed. 
 
 No additional regiments of infantry besides those already mentioned were organized in 
 1863, although recruiting for old regiments continued. On the 3d of March, 1863, the congress 
 of the United States passed the " Conscription Act." Under this act, Wisconsin was divided 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. S& 
 
 into six districts. In tlie first district, 1. M. Eean was appointed provost marshal ; C. M. Baker, 
 commissioner; and J. B. Dousman, examining surgeon. Headquarters of this district was at 
 Milwaukee. In the second district, S. J. .\I. Putnam was appointed provost marshal ; L. B. 
 Caswell, commissioner; and Dr. C. R. Head, examining surgeon. Headquarters of this 
 district was at Janesville. In the third district, J. G. Clark was appointed provost marshal; E. 
 E. Byant, commissioner; and John H. Vivian, examining surgeon. Headquarters at Prairie 
 du Chien. In the fourth district, E. L. Phillips was appointed provost marshal ; Charles 
 Burchard, commissioner ; and L. H. Gary, examining surgeon. Headquarters at Fond du 
 Lac. In the fifth district, C. R. Merrill was appointed provost marshal ; William A. Bugh, 
 commissioner ; and H'. O. Crane, examining surgeon. Headquarters at Green Bay. In the 
 sixth district, B. F. Cooper was appointed provost marshal; L. S. Fisher, commissioner; and 
 D. D. Cameron, examining surgeon. Headquarters at LaCrosse. The task of enrolling the 
 State was commenced in the month of May, and was proceeded with to its completion. The 
 nine months' term of service of the Thirty-fourth regiment, drafted militia, having expired, the 
 regiment was mustered out of service on the 8th of September. 
 
 The enrollment in Wisconsin of all persons liable to the "Conscription" amounted to 
 121,202. A draft was ordered to take place in November. Nearly fifteen thousand were 
 drafted, only six hundred and twenty-eight of whom were mustered in ; the residue either 
 furnished substitutes, were discharged, failed to report, or paid commutation. 
 
 In the Summer of r86i. Company " K," Captain Langworthy, of the Second Wisconsin 
 infantry, was detached and placed on duty as heavy artillery. His company was designated as 
 "A," First Regiment Heavy Artillery. This was the only one organized until the Summer of 
 1863; but its organization was effected outside the State. Three companies were necessary to 
 add to company "A" to complete the battalion. Batteries " B," "C" and "D" were, therefore, 
 organized in Wisconsin, all leaving the State in October and November, 1863. 
 
 Ninth Adminisir.\tion — James T. Licwis, Governor — 1864-1865. 
 
 James T. Lewis, of Columbia county, was inaugurated governor of Wisconsin on the fourth 
 of January, 1864. In an inaugural address, the incoming governor pledged himself to use no 
 executive patronage for a re-election ; declared he would administer the government without 
 prejudice or partiality ; and committed himself to an economical administration of affairs con- 
 nected with the State. On the thirteenth the legislature met in its seventeenth regular session. 
 W. W. Field was elected speaker of the assembly. The republican and union men were in 
 the majority in this legislature. A number of acts were passed relative to military matters. 
 
 On the I St day of October, J. L. Pickard having resigned as superintendent of public 
 instruction, J. G. McMynn was, by the governor, appointed to fill the vacancy. On the fif- 
 teenth of November, Governor Lewis appointed Jason Downer an associate justice of the 
 supreme court, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Byron Paine, who had 
 resigned his position to take effect on that day, in order to accept the position of lieutenant 
 colonel of one of the regiments of Wisconsin, to which he had been commissioned on the tenth 
 of August previous. The November elections of this year were entered into with great zeal by 
 the two parties, owing to the fact that a president and vice president of the United States were 
 to be chosen. The republicans were victorious. Electors of that party cast their eight votes 
 for Lincoln and Johnson. The members elected to the thirty - ninth congress from Wisconsin 
 at this election were : from the first district, H. E. Paine ; from the second, I. C. Sloan ; from 
 the third, Amasa Cobb; from the fourth, C. .\. Eldredge; from the fifth, Philetus Sawyer; and 
 
86 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN". 
 
 from the sixth district, W. D. Mclndoe. All were republicans except Eldredge, who was 
 elected as a democrat. 
 
 The Eighteenth regular session of the Wisconsin legislature began in Madison on the elev- 
 enth of January, 1865. W. W. Field was elected speaker of the assembly. The legislature 
 was, as to its political complexion, "Republican Union." On the tenth of April, the last day of 
 the session, Governor Lewis informed the legislature that General Lee and his army had sur- 
 rendered. " Four years ago," said he, " on the day fixed for adjournment, the sad news of the 
 fall of Fort Sumter was transmitted to the legislature. To-day, thank God ! and next to Him 
 the brave officers and soldiers of our army and navy, I am permitted to transmit to you the 
 official intelligence, just received, of the surrender of General Lee and his army, the last prop 
 of the rebellion. Let us rejoice, and thank the Ruler of the Universe for victory and the pros- 
 pects of an honorable peace." In February preceding, both houses ratified the constitutional 
 amendment abolishing slavery in the United States. At the Spring election, Jason Downer was 
 chosen associate justice of the supreme court for a full term of six years. The twentieth of 
 April was set apart by the governor as a day of thanksgiving for the overthrow of the rebellion 
 and restoration of peace. At the Fall election both parties, republican and democratic, had 
 tickets in the field. The republicans were victorious, electing Lucius Fairchild, governor; 
 Wyman Spooner, lieutenant governor; Thomas S. Allen, secretary of state; William E. Smith, 
 state treasurer; Charles R. Gill, attorney general; John G. McMynn, superintendent of 
 public instruction; J. M. Rusk, bank comptroller; and Henry Cordier, state prison commis- 
 sioner. 
 
 W.AR OF Secession — Lewis' Administration. 
 
 The military officers for 1864 were besides the governor (who was commander-in-chief) 
 Brigadier General Augustus Gaylord, adjutant general; Colonel S. Nye Gibbs, assistant adju- 
 tant general; Brigadier General Nathaniel F. Lund, quartermaster and commissary general, 
 and chief of ordnance; Brigadier General E. B. Wolcott, surgeon general; and Colonel Frank 
 H. Firmin, military secretary. The legislature met at Madison on the 13th of January, 1864. 
 "In response to the call of the General Government," said the governor, in his message to that 
 body, " Wisconsin had sent to the field on the first day of November last, exclusive of three 
 months' men, thirty - four regiments of infantry, three regiments and one company of cavalry, 
 twelve batteries of light artillery, three batteries of heavy artillery, and one company of sharp- 
 shooters, making an aggregate of forty-one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five men." 
 
 Quite a number of laws were passed at this session of the legislature relative to military 
 matters : three were acts to authorize towns, cities and villages to raise money by tax for the 
 payment of bounties to volunteers; one revised, amended and consolidated all laws relative to 
 extra pay to Wisconsin soldiers in the service of the United States ; one provided for the proper 
 reception by the State, of Wisconsin volunteers returning from the field of service; another 
 repealed the law relative to allotment commissioners. One was passed authorizing the gov- 
 ernor to purchase flags for regiments or batteries whose flags were lost or destroyed in the 
 service : another was passed amending the law suspending the sale of lands mortgaged to the 
 State or held by volunteers, so as to apply to drafted men ; another provided for levying a State 
 tax of $boo,ooo for the support of families of volunteers. A law was passed authorizing the 
 governor to take care of the sick and wounded soldiers of Wisconsin, and appropriated ten 
 thousand dollars for that purpose. Two other acts authorized the borrowing of money for repel- 
 ling invasion, suppressing insurrection, and defending the State in time of war. One act pro- 
 hibited the taking of fees for procuring volunteers' extra bounty ; another one defined the resi- 
 dence of certain soldiers from this St.te in the service of the United States, who had received 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 87 
 
 local bounties from towns other than their proper places of residence. 
 
 At the commencement of 1864, there were recruiting in the State the Thirty-fifth regiment 
 of infantry and the Thirteenth battery. The latter was mustered in on the 29th of December, 
 1863, and left the State for New Orleans on the 28th of January, 1864. In February, authority 
 was given by the war department to organize the Thirty-sixth regiment of infantry. On the 
 27th of that month, the mustering !n of the Thirty-fifth was completed at " Camp Washburn " 
 — Colonel Henry Orfif — the regiment, one thousand and sixty-si.x strong, leaving the State on the 
 i8th of April, 1864, for Ale.xandria, Louisiana. The other regiments, recruited and mustered 
 into the service of the United States during the year 1864, were: the Thirty-sixth — Colonel 
 Frank A. Haskell ; the Thirty-seventh — Colonel Sam Harriman ; the Thirty-eighth — Colonel 
 James Bintliff; the Thirty -ninth — Colonel Edwin L. Buttrick ; the Fortieth — Colonel W. 
 Augustus Ray; the Forty-first — Lieutenant Colonel George B. Goodwin; the Forty-second — 
 Colonel Ezra T. Sprague ; the Forty-third — Colonel Amasa Cobb. 
 
 The regiments mustered into the service of the United States during the year 1865 were: 
 the Forty-fourth — -Colonel George C. Symes ; the Forty-fifth — Colonel Henry F. Belitz; Forty- 
 sixth — Colonel Frederick S. Lovell ; Forty-seventh — Colonel George C. Ginty ; Forty-eighth — 
 Colonel Uri B. Pearsall ; Forty-ninth — Colonel Samuel Fallows; Fiftieth — Colonel John G. 
 Clark; Fifty-first — Colonel Leonard Martin; Fifty-second — Lieutenant Colonel Hiram J. Lewis ; 
 and Fifty-third — Lieutenant Colonel Robert T. Pugh. 
 
 All of the fifty-three regiments of infantry raised in Wisconsin during the war, sooner or 
 later moved to the South and were engaged there in one way or other, in aiding to suppress the 
 rebellion. Twelve of these regiments were assigned to duty in the eastern division, which con- 
 stituted the territory on both sides of the Potomac and upon the seaboard from Baltimore to 
 Savannah. These twelve regiments were: the First (three months). Second, Third, Fourth, 
 Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Nineteenth, Twenty-sixth, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, and Thirty-eighth. 
 Ten regiments were assigned to the central division, including Kentucky, Tennessee, Northern. 
 Alabama, and Georgia. These ten were: the Tenth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty- 
 fourth, Thirtieth, Forty-third, Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh. Added 
 to these was the First (re-organized). Thirty-one regiments were ordered to the western division, 
 embracing the country west and northwest of the central division. These vvere : the Eighth,^ 
 Ninth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth, 
 Twentieth, Twenty-third, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-seventh, Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thirty-first, 
 Thirty-second, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, Thirty-ninth, Fortieth, Forty-first, Forty- 
 second, Forty-eighth, Forty-ninth, Fiftieth, Fifty-first, Fifty-second, and Fifty-third. During the 
 war several transfers were made from one district to another. There were taken from the eastern 
 division, the Third and Twenty-sixth, and sent to the central division; also the Fourth, which 
 was sent to the department of the gulf. The Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Seven- 
 teenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-fifth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first and Thirty-second were transferred from 
 the western to the central department. 
 
 The four regiments of cavelry were assigned to the western division — the First regiment 
 being afterward transferred to the central division. Of the thirteen batteries of light artillery, the 
 Second, Fourth, and Eleventh, were assigned to the eastern division ; the First and Third, to 
 the central division ; the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Twelfth, and Thirteentli, 
 to the western division. During the war, the First was transferred to the western division ; while 
 the Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, Tenth, and Twelfth, were transferred to the central division. Of the 
 twelve batteries of the First regiment of heavy artillery — "A," "E," "F," "G," "H," "I," 
 "K," "L," and "M," were assigned to duty in the eastern division ; "B" and "C," to the central 
 
88 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 division; and "D," to tlie western division. Company "G," First regiment Berdan's sharp- 
 shooters, was assigned to the eastern division. 
 
 The military officers of tlie State for 1865 were the same as "the previous year, except that 
 Brigadier General Lund resigned his position as quartermaster general, James JVI. Lynch being 
 appointed in his place. The legislature of this year met in Madison on the nth of January. 
 "To the calls of the Government for troops," said Governor Lewis, in his message, "no State 
 has responded with greater alacrity than has Wisconsin. She has sent to the field, since the 
 commencement of the war, forty-four regiments of infantry, four regiments and one company of 
 cavalry, one regiment of heavy artillery, thirteen batteries of light artillery, and one company of 
 sharpshooters, making an aggregate (exclusive of hundred day men) of seventy-five thousand 
 one hundred and thirty-three men." 
 
 Several military laws were passed at this session : one authorizing cities, towns, and villages 
 to pay bounties to volunteers; another, incorporating the Wisconsin Soldiers' Home; two others, 
 amending the act relative " to the commencement and prosecution of civil actions against persons 
 in the military service of the country." One was passed authorizing the payment of salaries, 
 clerk hire, and expenses, of the offices of the adjutant general and quartermaster general from 
 the war fund; another, amending the act authorizing commissioned officers to take acknowledg- 
 -ment of deeds, affidavits and depositions; another, amending the act extending the right of 
 suffrage to soldiers in the field. One act provides for correcting and completing the records of 
 the adjutant general's office, relative to the military history of the individual members of the 
 ■several military organizations of this State; another fixes the salary of the adjutant general and 
 the quartermaster general, and their clerks and assistants; another prohibits volunteer or sub- 
 stitute brokerage. One act was passed supplementary and explanatory of a previous one of the 
 same session, authorizing towns, cities, or villages, to raise money to pay bounties to volunteers; 
 another, amending a law of 1864, relating to the relief of soldiers' families; and another, pro- 
 viding for the establishment of State agencies for the relief and care of sick, wounded, and 
 disabled Wisconsin soldiers. There was an act also passed, authorizing the borrowing of money 
 for a period not exceeding seven months, to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, and defend the 
 State in time of war, — the amount not to exceed $850,000. 
 
 On the 13th of April, 1S65, orders were received to discontinue recruiting in Wisconsin, and 
 to discharge all drafted men who had not been mustered in. About the first of May, orders 
 were issued for the muster out of all organizations whose term of service would expire on or 
 before the first of the ensuing October. As a consequence, many Wisconsin soldiers were soon 
 on their way home. State military officers devoted their time to the reception of returning 
 regiments, to their payment by the United States, and to settling with those who were entitled to 
 extra pay from the State. Finally, their employment ceased — the last soldier was mustered out 
 — the War of the Rebellion was at an end. Wisconsin had furnished to the federal army during 
 the conflict over ninety thousand men, a considerable number more than the several requisitions 
 of the General Government called for. Nearly eleven thousand of these were killed or died of 
 wounds received in battle, or fell victims to diseases contracted in the military service, to say 
 nothing of those who died after their discharge, and whose deaths do not appear upon the mili- 
 tary records. Nearly twelve million dollars were expended by the State authorities, and the 
 people of the several counties and towns throughout the State, in their efforts to sustain the 
 National Government. 
 
 Wisconsin feels, as well she may, proud of her record made in defense of national existence. 
 Shoulder to shoulder with the other loyal States of the Union, she stood — always ranking among 
 the foremost. From her workshops, her farms, her extensive pineries, she poured forth stalwart 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 89 
 
 men, to fill up the organizations which she sent to the field. The blood of these brave men 
 drenched almost every battle-field from Pennsylvania to the Rio Grande, from Missouri to 
 Georgia. To chronicle the deeds and exploits — the heroic achievements — the noble enthusiasm 
 — of the various regiments and military organizations sent by her to do battle against the hydra- 
 headed monster secession — would be a lengthy but pleasant task ; but these stirring annals 
 belong to the history of our whole country. Therein will be told the story which, to the latest 
 time in the existence of this republic, will be read with wonder and astonishment. But an out- 
 line of the action of the State authorities and their labors, and of the origin of the various 
 military organizations, in Wisconsin, to aid in the suppression of the rebellion, must needs 
 contain a reference to other helps employed — mostly incidental, in many cases wholly charitable 
 but none the less effective : the sanitary operations of the State during the rebellion. 
 
 Foremost among the sanitary operations of Wisconsin during the war of the rebellion was 
 the organization of the surgeon general's department — to the end that the troops sent to the 
 field from the State should have a complete and adequate supply of medicine and instruments as 
 well as an efficient medical staff In 1861, Governor Randall introduced the practice of appoint- 
 ing agents to travel with the regiments to the field, who were to lake charge of the sick. The 
 practice was not continued by Governor Harvey. On the 17th of June, 1862, an act of the 
 legislature became a law authorizing the governor to take care of the sick and wounded soldiers 
 of Wisconsin, and appropriated twenty thousand dollars for that purpose. Under this law 
 several expeditions were sent out of the State to look after the unfortunate sons who were 
 suffering from disease or wounds. Soldiers' aid societies were formed throughout the State soon 
 after the opening scenes of the rebellion. When temporary sanitary operations were no longer 
 a necessity in Wisconsin, there followed two military benevolent institutions intended to be of a 
 permanent character : the Soldiers' Home at Milwaukee, and the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at 
 Madison. The latter, however, has been discontinued. The former, started as a State institu- 
 tion, is now wholly under the direction and support of the General Government. 
 
 Whether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by the General Govern- 
 ment, in the courage or constancy of her soldiery in the field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with 
 which her civil administration was conducted during the trying period covered by the war of the 
 rebellion, Wisconsin proved herself the peer of any loyal State. 
 
 TABULAR STATEMENT. 
 
 We publish on the following pages the report of the Adjutant General at the close of the war, 
 but before all the Wisconsin organizations had been mustered out. It shows how many brave men 
 courageously forsook homes, friends and the comforts of peaceful avocations, offering their lives 
 in defense of their country's honor. Twenty-two out of every hundred either died, were killed or 
 wounded. Thirteen out of every hundred found a soldier's grave, while only 60 per cent of them 
 marched home at the end of the war. Monuments may crumble, cities fall into decay, the tooth 
 of time leave its impress on all the works of man, but the memory of the gallant deeds of the 
 army of the Union in the great war of the rebellion, in which the sons of Wisconsin bore so 
 conspicuous a part, will live in the minds of men so long as time and civilized governments endure. 
 
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92 HISTORY OF WISCONSIIf. 
 
 Tenth Administration. — -Lucius Fairchild, Guvernor — -1866-1867. 
 
 The inauguration of the newly elected State officers took place on Monday, January i, 
 1866. The legislature, in its nineteenth regular session, convened on the tenth. H. D. Barron 
 was elected speaker of the assembly. The " Union " and " Republican " members were in a 
 majority in both branches of the legislature. " Our first duty," said Governor Fairchild in his 
 message, "is to give thanks to Almighty God for all His mercies during the year that is past." 
 " The people of no nation on earth," he continued, " have greater cause to be thankful than 
 have our people. The enemies of the country have been overthrown in battle. The war has 
 settled finally great questions at issue between ourselves." Among the joint resolutions passed 
 at this session was one submitting the question of a constitutional convention to frame a nev/ 
 constitution for the State, to the people. The legislature adjourned on the twelfth of April, 
 having been in session ninety-three days. At the general election in November of this year, 
 there were elected tii the Fortieth congress : H. E. Paine, from the first district; B. F. Hopkins, 
 from the second; Amasa Cobb, from the third; C. A. Eldredge, from the fourth; Philetus 
 Sawyer, from the fifth, and C. C. Washburn, from the sixth district. All were republicans 
 except Eldredge, who was elected as a democrat. The proposition for a constitutional conven- 
 tion was voted upon by the people at this election, but was defeated. 
 
 The twentieth session of the legislature commenced on the ninth of January, 1867. 
 Angus Cameron was elected speaker of the assembly. The legislature was strongly " Repub- 
 lican-Union." The message of Governor Fairchild was read by him in person, on the tenth. 
 On the twenty-third, the two houses, in joint convention, elected Timothy O. Howe United 
 States senator for the term of six years, commencing on the fourth of March next ensuing. 
 This legislature pissed an act submitting to the people at the next Fall election an amendment 
 to section twenty-one_ of article four of the constitution of the State, providing for paying a 
 salary of three hundred and fifty dollars to each member of the legislature, instead of a per 
 die7}i allowance, as previously given. A sine die adjournment took place on the eleventh of April, 
 after a service of ninety-three days. 
 
 To provide for the more efficient collection of license fees due the State, an act, approved 
 on the day of adjournment, authorized the governor to appoint an agent of the treasury, to 
 superintend and enforce the collection of fees due for licenses fixed by law. This law is still in 
 force, the agent holding his office at the pleasure of the executive of the State. 
 
 On the 27th of March, Chief Justice Dixon resigned his office but was immediately 
 appointed by the governor to the same position. At the election in April following, associate 
 Justice Cole was re-elected, without opposition, for six years from the first Monday in January 
 following. On the 16th of August, Associate Justice Downer having resigned, Byron Paine was 
 appointed by the governor in his place. 
 
 The republican State ticket, in the Fall, was elected over the democratic — resulting in the 
 choice of Lucius Fairchild for governor ; Wyman Spooner, for lieuten.mt governor; Thomas 
 S. Allen, Jr., secretary of state; William E. Smith, for state treasurer; Charles R. Gill, for 
 attorney general ; A. J. Craig, for superintendent of public instruction ; Jeremiah M. Rusk, 
 for bank comptroller, and Henry Cordier, for state prison commissioner. Except Craig, all 
 these officers were the former incumbents. The amendment to section 21 of article 4 of the 
 constitution of the State, giving the members a salary instead of a per diem allowance, was 
 adopted at this election. As it now stands, each member of the legislature receives, for 
 his services, three hundred and fifty dollars per annum, and ten cents for every mile he 
 travels in going to and returning from the place of the meetings of the legislature, on the most 
 
"WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 93 
 
 usual route. In case of any extra session of the legislature, no additional compensation shall 
 be allowed to any member thereof, either directly or indirectly. 
 
 Eleventh Administration. — Lucius Fairchild, Governor (second term) — 1868-1869. 
 
 The Eleventh Administration in Wisconsin commenced at noon on the 6th day of January, 
 1S68. This was the commencement of Governor Fairchild's second term. On the eighth of 
 January, 1868, began the twenty-first regular session of the legislature of Wisconsin. A. M. 
 Thomson was elected speaker of the assembly. Of the laws of a general nature passed by this 
 legislature, was one abolishing the office of bank comptroller, transferring his duties to the 
 state treasurer, and another providing for the establishing of libraries in the various townships 
 of the State. A visible effect was produced by the constitutional amendment allowing members 
 a salary, in abreviating this session, though not materiall)- diminishing the amount of bnsiness 
 transacted. A sine die adjournment took place on the si.xth of March. 
 
 At the election in April, 186S, Chief Justice Dixon was chosen for the une.xpired balance of 
 his own term, ending on the first Monday of January, 1870. At the same election, Byron Paine 
 "was chosen associate justice for the unexpired balance of Associate Justice Downer's term, 
 ending the ist day of January, 1872. 
 
 At the Fall election in this year, republican electors were chosen over those upon the 
 democratic ticket, for president and vice president ; and, as a consequence. Grant and Colfax 
 received the vote of Wisconsin. Of the members elected at the same time, to the forty-first 
 congress, all but one were republicans — Eldredge being a democrat. The successful ticket 
 was: H. E. Paine, from the first district; B. F. Hopkins, from the second; Amasa Cobb, from 
 the third ; C. A. Eldredge, from the fourth; Philetus Sawyer, from the fifth, and C. C. Washburn, 
 from the sixth district. These were all members, form their respective districts, in the previous 
 congress — the only instance since Wisconsin became a State of a re-election of all the incum- 
 bents. 
 
 On the thirteenth of January, 1869, began the twenty-second regular session of the State 
 legislature. A. M. Thomson was elected speaker of the assembly. A very important duty 
 imposed upon both houses was the election of a United States senator in the place of James R. 
 Doolittle. The republicans having a majority in the legislature on joint ballot, the excitement 
 among the members belonging to that party rose to a high pitch. The candidates for nomina- 
 tion were Matthew H. Carpenter and C. C. Washburn. The contest was, up to that time, 
 unparalleled in Wisconsin for the amount of personal interest manifested. Both gentlemen had 
 a large lobby influence assembled at Madison. Carpenter was successful before the republican 
 nominating convention, on the sixth ballot. On the twenty-seventh of January, the two houses 
 proceeded to ratify the nomination by electing him United States senator for six years, from the 
 fourth of March following. One of the most important transactions entered into by the legis- 
 lature of 1869 was the ratification of the suffrage amendment to the constitution of the United 
 States. Both houses adjourned sine die on the eleventh of March — a very short session. At the 
 spring election, on the 6th of April, Luther S. Dixon was re-elected without opposition, chief 
 justice of the supreme court, for a term of six years, from the first Monday in January next 
 ensuing. In the Fall, both democrats and republicans put a State ticket in the field for the 
 ensuing election : the republicans were successful, electing Lucius Fairchild, governor ; Thad- 
 deus C. Pound, lieutenant governor; Llywelyn Breese, secretary of state ; Henry Baetz, state 
 treasurer; S. S. Barlow, attorney general; george F. Wheeler, state prison commissioner; 
 and A. L. Craig, superintendent of public instruction. The office of bank comptroller expired 
 on the 31st day of December, 1869, the duties of the office being transferred to the state 
 treasurer. 
 
94 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 At this election, an amendment to sections 5 and 9 of article five of the constitution of 
 the Slate was ratified and adopted by the people. Under this amendment, the governor 
 receives, during his continuance in office, an annual compensation of five thousand dollars, which 
 is in full for all traveling or other expenses incident to his duties. The lieutenant governor 
 receives, during his continuance in office, an annual compensation of one thousand dollars. 
 
 Twelfth Administration. — Lucius Fairchild, Governor (third term) — 1870-187 1. 
 
 On the third of January, 1870, commenced the twelfth administration in Wisconsin, Gov- 
 ernor Fairchild thus entering upon his third term as chief executive of the State ; the only 
 instance since the admission of Wisconsin into the Union, of the same person being twice 
 re-elected to that office. It was an emphatic recognition of the value of his services in the 
 gubernatorial chair. On the twelfth of January, the twenty-third regular session of the legis- 
 lature of the State commenced at Madison. James M. Bingham was elected speaker of the 
 assembly. Before the expiration of the month. Governor Fairchild received official information 
 that over two hundred thousand dollars of the war claim of Wisconsin upon the General Govern- 
 ment had been audited, considerable more than one hundred thousand having the previous year 
 been allowed. In the month of March, an energetic effort was made in the legislature, by 
 members from Milwaukee, to remove the seat of government from Madison to their city; but 
 the project was defeated by a considerable majority in the assembly voting to postpone the 
 matter indefinitely. According to section eight of article one of the constitution, as originally 
 adopted, no person could be held to answer for a criminal offense unless on the presentment or 
 indictment of a grand jury, except in certain cases therein specified. The legislature of 1869 
 proposed an amendment against the " grand jury system " of the constitution, and referred it to the 
 legislature of 1870 for their approval or rejection. The latter took up the proposition and 
 agreed to it by the proper majority, and submitted it to the people at the next election for their 
 ratification. The sine die adjournment of both houses took place on the seventeenth of March, 
 1870. On the first day of January, previous, the member of congress from the second district 
 of the State, B. F. Hopkins, died, and David Atwood, republican, was elected to fill the 
 vacancy on the fifteenth of February following. 
 
 Early in 1870, was organized the "Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters." By 
 an act of the legislature approved March 16, of that year, it was incorporated, having among its- 
 specific objects, researches and investigations in the various departments of the material, meta- 
 physical, ethical, ethnological and social sciences; a progressive and thorough scientific survey 
 of the State, with a view of determining its mineral, agricultural and other resources; the 
 advancement of the useful arts, through the application of science, and by the encouragement 
 of original invention; the encouragement of the fine arts, by means of honors and prizes 
 awarded to artists for original works of superior merit; the formation of scientific, economical 
 and art museums; the encouragement of philological and historical research; the collection and 
 preservation of historic records, and the formation of a general library; and the diffusion of 
 knowledge by the publication of original contributions to science, literature and the arts. The 
 academy has already published four volumes of transactions, under authority of the State. 
 
 The fourth charitable institution established by Wisconsin was the " Northern Hospital for 
 the Insane," located at Oshkosh, Winnebago county. It was authorized by an act of the legis- 
 lature approved March 10, 1870. The law governing the admission of patients to this hospital 
 is the same as to the Wisconsin State Hospital. 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 96 
 
 On the third day of July, 1870, A. J. Craig, superintendent of public instruction, died of 
 consumption, and Samuel Fallows was, on the 6th of that month, appointed by the governor 
 to fill the place made vacant by his death. The census taken this year by the General Govern- 
 ment, showed the population of Wisconsin to be over one million sixty-four thousand. At the 
 Fall election for members to the forty-second congress, Alexander Mitchell was chosen to 
 represent the first district; G. W. Hazelton, the second; J. A. Barber, the third; C. A. 
 Eldredge, the fourth; Philetus Sawyer, the fifth ; and J. M. Rusk, the sixth district. Mitchell 
 and Eldredge were democrats; the residue were republicans. The amendment to section 8, of 
 article 7 of the constitution of the State, abolishing the grand jury system was ratified by a 
 large majority. Under it, no person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due 
 process of law, and no person, for the same offense, shall be put twice in jeopardy of punishment, 
 nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. All persons shall, 
 before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is 
 evident and the presumption great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be 
 suspended unless, when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 
 
 Governor Fairchild, in his last annual message to the legislature, delivered to that body at 
 its twenty-fourth regular session beginning on the eleventh of January, 1871, said that Wisconsin 
 State polity was so wisely adapted to the needs of the people, and so favorable to the growth 
 and prosperity of the commonwealth, as to require but few changes at the hands of the legisla- 
 ture, and those rather of detail than of system. At the commencement of this session, William 
 E. Smith was elected speaker of the assembly. A very carefully-perfected measure of this 
 legislature was one providing for the trial of criminal offenses on information, without the inter- 
 vention of a Grand Jury. A state commissioner of immigration, to be elected by the people, was 
 provided for. Both bodies adjourned sine die on the twenty-fifth of March. On the thirteenth 
 of January preceding. Associate Justice Byro.i Paine, of the supreme court, died; whereupon 
 the governor, on the 20th of the same month, appointed in his place, until the Spring election 
 should be held, William Penn Lyon. The latter, at the election in April, was chosen by the 
 people to serve the unexpired time of Associate Justice Paine, ending the first Monday of Jan- 
 uary, 1872, and for a full term of six years from the same date. On the 3d of April, Ole C. 
 Johnson was appointed by the governor state commissioner of immigration, to serve until his 
 successor at the next general election could be chosen by the people. To the end that the 
 administration of public charity and correction should thereafter be conducted upon sound 
 principles of economy, justice and humanity, and that the relations existing between the State 
 and its dependent and criminal classes might be better understood, there was, by an act of the 
 legislature, approved March 23, 1871, a "state board of charities and reform" created — to 
 consist of five members to be appointed by the governor of the State, the duties of the members 
 being to investigate and supervise the whole system of charitable and correctional institutions 
 supported by the State or receiving aid from the State treasury, and on or before the first day of 
 December in each year to report their proceedings to the executive of the State. This board 
 was thereafter duly organized and its members have since reported annually to the governor 
 their proceedings and the amount of their expenses, as required by law. 
 
 The "Wisconsin State Horticultural Society," although previously organized, first under the 
 name of the " Wisconsin Fruit Growers' Association," was not incorporated until the 24th of 
 March, 1871 — the object of the society being to improve the condition of horticulture, rural 
 adornment and landscape gardening. By a law of 1868, provision was made for the publication 
 of the society's transactions in connection with the State agricultural society ; but by the act 
 
96 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN 
 
 of 187 1, this law was repealed and an ajipropriation made for their yearly publication in separate 
 form; resulting in the issuing, up to the present time, of nine volumes. The society holds 
 annual meetings at Madison. 
 
 At the November election both republicans and democrats had a full ticket for the suffrages 
 of the people. The republicans were successful, electing for governor, C. C. Washburn; M. H. 
 Pettitt, for lieutenant governor; Llywelyn Breese, for secretary of state ; Henry Baetz, for state 
 treasurer; Samuel Fallows, for superintendent of public instruction; S. S. Barlow, for attorney 
 general; G. F. Wheeler, for state prison commissioner; and O. C. Johnson, for state commis- 
 sioner of immigration. At this election an amendment to article four of the constitution of the 
 State was ratified and adopted by the people. As it now stands, the legislature is prohibited 
 from enacting any special or private laws in the following cases : 1st. For changing the names of 
 persons or constituting one person the heir-at-law of another. 2d. For laying out, opening, or 
 altering highways, e.xcept in cases of State roads extending into more than one county, and mili- 
 tary roads to aid in the construction of which lands may be granted by congress. 3d. For 
 authorizing persons to keep ferries across streams, at points wholly within this State. 4th. For 
 authorizing the sale or mortgage of real or personal property of minors or others under disability. 
 5th. For locating or changing any county seat. 6th. For assessment or collection of taxes or for 
 extending the time for the collection thereof 7th. For granting corporate powers or privileges, 
 except to cities. 8th. For authorizing the apportionment of any part of the school fund. 9th. 
 For incorporating any town or village, or to amend the charter thereof The legislature shall 
 provide general laws for the transaction of any business that may be prohibited in the foregoing 
 cases, and all such laws shall be uniform in their operation throughout the State. 
 
 Industrially considered, the year 1S71 had but little to distinguish it from the average of 
 previous years in the State, except that the late frosts of Spring and the drouth of Summer dimin- 
 ished somewhat the yield of certain crops. With the exception of slight showers of only an hour 
 or two's duration, in the month of September, no rain fell in Wisconsin from the eighth of July to 
 the ninth of October — a period of three months. The consequence was a most calamitous event 
 which will render the year 1871 memorable in the history of the State. 
 
 The great drouth of the Summer and Fall dried up the streams and swamps in Northern 
 Wisconsin. In the forests, the fallen leaves and underbrush which covered the ground became 
 very ignitable. The ground itself, especially in cases of alluvial or bottom lands, was so dry and 
 parched as to burn readily to the depth of a foot or more. For many days preceding the com- 
 mencement of the second week in October fires swept through the timbered country, and in some 
 instances over prairies and " openings." Farmers, saw-mill owners, railroad men and all others 
 interested in exposed property, labored day and night in contending against the advance of 
 devouring fires, which were destroying, notwithstanding the ceaseless energies of the people, an 
 occasional mill or house and sweeping off, here and there, fences, haystacks and barns. Over the 
 counties lying upon Green bay and a portion of those contiguous thereto on the south, southwest 
 and west, hung a general gloom. No rain came. All energies were exhausted from " fighting 
 fire." The atmosphere was every where permeated with smoke. The waters of the bay and 
 even Lake Michigan, in places, were so enveloped as to render navigation difficult and in some 
 instances dangerous. It finally became very difficult to travel upon highways and on railroads. 
 Time drew on — but there came no rain. The ground in very many places was burned over. 
 Persons sought refuge — some in excavations in the earth, others in wells. 
 
 The counties of Oconto, Brown, Kewaunee, Door, Manitowoc, Outagamie and Shawano 
 were all more or less swept by this besom of destruction ; but in Oconto county, and for some 
 distance into Menomonee county, Michigan, across the Menomonee river, on the west shore of 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 97 
 
 the bay and throughout the whole length and breadth of the peninsula, — that is, the territory 
 lying between the bay and Lake Michigan, — the fires were the most devastating. The first week 
 in October passed ; then came an actual whirlwind of fire — ten or more miles in width and of 
 indefinite length. The manner of its progress was extraordinarj. It destroyed a vast amount of 
 property and many lives. It has been described as a tempestuous sea of flame, accompanied by 
 a most violent hurricane, which multiplied the force of the destructive element. Forests, farm 
 improvements and entire villages were consumed. Men, women and children perished — awfully 
 perished. Even those who fled and sought refuge from the fire in cleared fields, in swamps, 
 lakes and rivers, found, many of them, no safety there, but were burned to death or died of suf- 
 focation. 
 
 This dreadful and consuming fire was heralded by a sound likened to that of a railroad 
 train — to the roar of a waterfall — to the noise of a battle at a distance. Not human beings 
 only, but horses, oxen, cows, dogs, swine — every thing that had life — ran to escape the impend- 
 ing destruction. The smoke was suffocating and blinding ; the roar of the tempest deafening ; 
 the atmosphere scorching. Children were separated from their parents, and trampled upon by 
 crazed beasts. Husbands and wives rushed in wild dismay, they knew not where. Death rode 
 triumphantly upon that devastating, fiery flood. More than one thousand men, women and 
 children perished. More than three thousand were rendered destitute — utterly beggared. 
 Mothers were left with fatherless children ; fathers with motherless children. Every where were 
 homeless orphans. All around lay suffering, helpless humanity, burned and maimed. Such was 
 the sickening spectacle after the impetuous and irresistible wave of fire swept over that portion 
 of the State. This appalling calamity happened on the 8th and 9th of October. The loss of 
 property has been estimated at four million dollars. 
 
 At the tidings of this fearful visitation. Governor Fairchild hastened to the burnt district, to 
 assist, as much as was in his power, the distressed sufferers. He issued, on the 13th of the 
 month, a stirring appeal to the citizens of Wisconsin, for aid. It was promptly responded to 
 from all portions of the State outside the devastated region. Liberal contributions in money, 
 clothing and provisions were sent — some from other States, and even from foreign countries. 
 Northwestern Wisconsin also suffered severely, during these months of drouth, from large fires. 
 
 A compilation of the public statutes of Wisconsin was prepared during the year iSjijby 
 David Taylor, and published in two volumes, generally known as the Revised Statutes of 1871. 
 It was wholly a private undertaking ; but the legislature authorized the secretary of state to 
 purchase five hundred copies for the use of the State, at its regular session in 1872. 
 
 Thirteenth Administration. — C. C. Washburn, Governor — 1S72-1873. 
 
 The thirteenth gubernatorial administration in Wisconsin commenced on Monday, January 
 I, 1872. The only changes made, in the present administration from the previous one, were in 
 the offices of governor and lieutenant governor. 
 
 The twenty-fifth regular session of the legislature began on the loth of January, with a 
 republican majority in both houses. Daniel Hall was elected speaker of the assembly. The 
 next day the governor delivered to a joint convention of the legislature his first annual message 
 — a lengthy document, setting forth in detail the general condition of State affairs. The recent 
 great conflagrations were referred to, and relief suggested. The work of this session of the Leg- 
 islature was peculiarly difficult, owing to the many general laws which the last constitutional 
 amendment made necessary. The apportionment of the State into new congressional districts 
 was another perplexing and onerous task. Eight districts were formed instead of six, as at the 
 commencement of the last decade. By this, the fourth congressional apportionment, each district 
 
98 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 elects one member. The first district consists of the counties of Rock, Racme, Kenosha, Wal- 
 worth, and Waukesha; the second, of Jefferson, Dane, Sauk, and Columbia; the third»of Grant, 
 Iowa, LaFayette, Green, Richland, and Crawford ; the fourth, of Milwaukee, Ozaukee, and Wash- 
 ington; the fifth, of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Sheboygan and Manitowoc ; the sixth, of Green Lake, 
 Waushara, Waupaca, Outagamie, Winnebago, Calumet, Brown, Kewaunee and Door ; the sev- 
 enth, of Vernon, La Crosse, Monroe, Jackson, Trempealeau, Buffalo, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Eau 
 Claire, and Clark ; the eighth, of Oconto, Shawano, Portage, Wood, Juneau, Adams, Marquette, 
 Marathon, Dunn, Chippewa, Barron, Polk, Burnett, Bayfield, Douglas, and Ashland. To this 
 district have since been added the new counties of Lincoln, Taylor, Price, Marinette and New. 
 
 After a session of seventy-seven days, the legislature finished its work, adjourning on the 
 twenty-seventh of March. At the ensuing November election, the republican ticket for presi- 
 dent and vice president of the United States was successful. The ten electors chosen cast their 
 votes in the electoral college for Grant and Wilson. In the eight congressional districts, six 
 republicans and two democrats were elected to the forty-third congress ; the last mentioned 
 from the fourth and fifth districts. C. G. Williams represented the first district ; G. W. Hazel- 
 ton the second; J. Allen Barber the third ; Alexander Mitchell the fourth ; C. A. Eldredge the 
 fifth ; Philetus Sawyer the sixth ; J. M. Rusk the seventh ; and A. G. McDill the eighth district. 
 
 Throughout Wisconsin, as in all portions of the Union outside the State, a singular pesti- 
 lence prevailed among horses in the months of November and December, 1872, very few escap- 
 ing. Horses kept in warm, well ventilated stables, avoiding currents of air, with little or no 
 medicine, and fed upon nutritious and laxative food, soon recovered. Although but few died, 
 yet the loss to the State was considerable, especially in villages and cities, resulting from the diffi- 
 culty to substitute other animals in the place of the horse during the continuance of the disease. 
 
 The twenty-sixth regular session of the State legislature commenced on the eighth day of 
 January, 1873, with a republican majority in both houses. Henry D. Barron was elected 
 speaker of the assembly. On the ninth, Governor Washburn's message — his second annual 
 one — was delivered to the two houses. It opened with a brief reference to the abundant returns 
 from agricultural pursuits, to the developments of the industries of the state, to the advance in 
 manufacturing, to the rapid extension in railways, and to the general and satisfactory progress in 
 education, throughout Wisconsin. He followed with several recommendations — claiming that 
 "many vast and overshadowing corporations in the United States are justly a source of alarm," 
 and that " the legislature can not scan too closely every measure that should come before it 
 which proposed to give additional rights and privileges to the railways of the state." He also 
 recommended that the " granting of passes to the class of state officials who, through their public 
 office, have power to confer or withhold benefits to a railroad company, be prohibited." The 
 message was favorably commented upon by the press of the state, of all parties. " If Governor 
 Washburn," says one of the opposition papers of his administration, " is not a great statesman, 
 he is certainly not a small politician." One of the first measures of this legislature was the elec- 
 tion of United States senator, to fill the place of Timothy O. Howe, whose term of office would 
 expire on the fourth of March next ensuing On the twenty-second of January the two houses 
 met in joint convention, when it was announced that by the previous action of the senate and 
 assembly, Timothy O. Howe was again elected to that office for the term of six years. On the 
 twentieth of March, the legislature adjourned sine die, after a session of seventy-two days. 
 
 Milton H. Pettitt, the lieutenant governor, died on the 23d day of March following the 
 adjournment. By this sudden and unexpected death, the State lost an upright and conscientious 
 public officer. 
 
w^^. 
 
 FOND DU LAC 
 
WISCO^fSTN" AS A STATE. 99 
 
 Among the important acts passed by this legislature was one providing for a geological sur- 
 vey of the State, to be begun in Ashland and Douglas counties, and completed within four years, 
 by a chief geologist and four assistants, to be appointed by the governor, appropriating for the 
 work an annual payment of thirteen thousand dollars. An act providing for a geological survey, 
 of the State, passed by the legislature, and approved March 25, 1853, authorized the governor to 
 appoint a state geologist, who was to select a suitable person as assistant geologist. Their 
 duties were to make a geological and mineralogical survey of the State. Under this law Edward 
 Daniels, on the first day of April, 1853, was appointed state geologist, superseded on the 12th 
 day of August, 1854, by James (1. Percival, who died in office on the 2d of May, 1856, at Hazel 
 Green. By an act approved March 3, 1857, James Hall, Ezra Carr and Edward Daniels were 
 appointed by the legislature geological commissioners. By an act approved April 2, r86o, Hall 
 was made principal of the commission. The survey was interrupted by a repeal, March 21, 1862, 
 of previous laws promoting it. However, to complete the survey, the matter was reinstated by 
 the act of this legislature, approved March 29, the governor, under that act, appointing as chief 
 geologist Increase A. Lapham, April 10, 1873. 
 
 Another act changed the management of the state prison- — providing for the appointment 
 by the governor of three directors; one for two years, one for four years, and one for six years, 
 in place of a state prison commissioner, who had been elected by the people every two years, 
 along with other officers of the State. 
 
 At the Spring election, Orsamus Cole, who had been eighteen years upon the bench, was 
 re-elected, without opposition, an associate justice of the supreme court, for a term of six years 
 from the first Monday in January following. The two tickets in the field at the Fall election 
 were the republican and the people's reform. The latter was successful ; the political scepter 
 pissing out of the hands of the republicans, after a supremacy in the State continuing unbroken 
 since the beginning of the seventh administration, when A. W. Randall (governor for a second 
 term) and the residue of the State officers were elected — all republicans. 
 
 The general success among the cultivators of the soil throughout the state during the year, 
 notwithstanding "the crisis," was marked and satisfactory; but the financial disturbances during 
 the latter part of the Fall and the first part of the Winter, resulted in a general depreciation of 
 prices. 
 
 Fourteenth .Administration. — William R. Taylor, Governor — 1874-75. 
 
 The fourteenth administration of Wisconsin commenced at noon on Monday, the fifth day 
 of January, 1874, by the inauguration of William R. Taylor as governor; Charles D. Parker, 
 lieutenant governor; Peter Doyle, secretary of state; Ferdinand Kuehn, state treasurer; 
 A. Scott Sloan, attorney general; Edward Searing, superintendent of public instruction; 
 and Martin J. Argard, state commissioner of immigration. These officers were not 
 elected by any distinctive political party as such, but as the representatives of a new 
 political organization, including " all Democrats, Liberal Republicans, and other electors 
 of Wisconsin, friendly to genuine reform through equal and impartial legislation, honesty 
 in office, and rigid economy in the administration of affairs." Among the marked characteristics 
 of the platform agreed upon by the convention nominating the above-mentioned ticket was a 
 declaration by the members that they would " vote for no candidate for office whose nomination 
 is the fruit of his own importunity, or of a corrupt combination among partisan leaders ;" 
 another, "that the sovereignty of the State over corporations of its own creation shall be sacredly 
 respected, to the full extent of protecting the people against every form of monopoly or extor- 
 tion," not denying, however, an encouragement to wholesome enterprise on the part of aggre- 
 
100 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 gated capital — this "plank" having special reference to a long series of alleged grievances 
 assumed to have been endured by the people on account of discriminations in railroad charges 
 and a consequent burdensome taxation upon labor — especially upon the agricultural industry of 
 the State. 
 
 The twenty-seventh regular session of the Wisconsin legislature commenced at Madison on 
 the fourteenth of January. The two houses were politically antagonistic in their majorities; the 
 senate was republican, while the assembly had a "reform" majority. In the latter branch, 
 Gabriel Bouck was elected speaker. Governor Taylor, on the fifteenth, met the legislature in 
 joint convention and delivered his message. " An era," said he, "of apparent prosperity without 
 parallel in the previous history of the nation, has been succeeded by financial reverses affecting 
 all classes of industry, and largely modifying the standard of values." "Accompanying these 
 financial disturbances," added the governor, " has come an imperative demand from the people 
 for a purer political morality, a more equitable apportionment of the burdens and blessings of 
 government, and a more rigid economy in the administration of public affairs." 
 
 Among the important acts passed by this legislature was one generally known as the 
 " Potter Law," from the circumstance of the bill being introduced by Robert L. D. Potter, sen- 
 ator, representing the twenty-fifth senatorial district of the state. The railroad companies for 
 a number of years had, as before intmiated, been complained of by the people, who charged them 
 with unjust discriminations and exorbitantly high rates for the transportation of passengers and 
 merchandize. All the railroad charters were granted by acts at different times of the State leg- 
 islature, under the constitution which declares that " corporations may be formed under general 
 laws, but shall not be created by a special act, exeept for municipal purposes and in cases, 
 where, in the judgment of the legislature, the objects of the corporations can not be attained 
 under general laws. All general laws, or special acts, enacted under the provisions of this, 
 section, may be altered or repealed by the legislature at any time after their passage." The 
 complaints of the people seem to have remained unheeded, resulting in the passage of the 
 " Potter Law." This law limited the compensation for the transportation of passengers, classi- 
 fied freight, and regulated prices for its transportation within the State. It also required the 
 governor on or before the first of May, 1874, by and with the consent of the senate, to appoint 
 three railroad commissioners ; one for one year, one for two years, and one for three years,, 
 whose terms of office should commence on the fourteenth day of May, and that the governor, 
 thereafter, on the first day of May, of each year, should appoint one commissioner for three 
 years. Under this law, the governor appointed J. H. Osborn, for three years; George H. Paul, 
 for two years ; and J. W. Hoyt, for one year. Under executive direction, this commission inau- 
 gurated its labors by compiling, classifying, and putting into convenient form for public use for 
 the first time, all the railroad legislation of the State. 
 
 At the outset the two chief railroad corporations of the State — the Chicago, Milwaukee and 
 St. Paul, and the Chicago and Northwestern — served formal notice upon the governor of Wis- 
 consin that they would not respect the provisions of the new railroad law. Under his oath of 
 office, to support the constitution of the State, it was the duty of Governor Taylor to expedite 
 all such measures as should be resolved upon by the legislature, and to take care that the laws 
 be faithfully executed. No alternative, therefore, was le<"t the chief executive but to enforce the 
 law by all the means placed in his hands for that purpose. He promptly responded to the noti- 
 fication of the railroad companies by a proclamation, dated May i, 1874, in which he enjoined 
 compliance with the statute, declaring that all the functions of his office would be exercised in 
 faithfully executing the laws, and invoking the aid of all good citizens thereto. " The law of the 
 land," said Governor Taylor, "must be respected and obeyed." " While none," continued he. 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 101 
 
 " are so weak as to be without its protection, none are so strong as to be above its restraints. If 
 provisions of the law be deemed oppressive, resistance to its mandates will not abate, but rather 
 multiply the anticipated evils." '" It is the right," he added, '"of all to test its validity through 
 the constituted channels, but with that right is coupled the duty of yielding a general obedience 
 to its requirements until it has been pronounced invalid by competent authority." 
 
 The railroad companies claimed not merely the unconstitutionality of the law, but that its 
 enforcement would bankrupt the companies, and suspend the operation of their lines. The 
 governor, in reply, pleaded the inviolability of his oath of office and his pledged faith to the people. 
 The result was an appeal to the courts, in which the State, under the direction of its governor, 
 was compelled to confront an array of the most formidable legal talent of the country. Upon 
 the result in Wisconsin depended the vitality of much similar legislation in neighboring Slates, 
 and Governor Taylor and his associate representatives of State authority were thus compelled 
 to bear the brunt of a controversy of national extent and consequence. The contention extended 
 both to State r.nd United States courts, the main question involved being the constitutional 
 power of the State over corporations of its own creation. In all respects, the State was fully 
 sustained in its position, and, ultimately, judgments were rendered against the corporations in 
 all the State and federal courts, including the supreme court of the United States, and estab- 
 lishing finally the complete and absolute power of the people, through the legislature, to modify 
 or altogether repeal the charters of corporations. 
 
 Another act of the session of 1874 abolished the office of State commissioner of immigra- 
 tion, "on and after " the first Monday of January, 1876. The legislature adjourned on the 
 twelfth of March, 1874, after a session of fifty-eight dr.ys. 
 
 The office of state prison commissioner having, by operation of law, become vacant on the 
 fifth day of January, 1874, the governor, on the twenty-third of that month, appointed for State 
 prison directors, Joel Rich, for twj years; William E. Smith, for four years; and Nelson Dewey, 
 for six years: these to take the place of that officer. 
 
 On the sixteenth of June, Chief Justice Dixon, whose tertn of office would have expired on 
 the first Monday in Januarj', 1876, resigned his seat upon the bench of the supreme court. 
 Governor Taylor appointing Kdward G. Ryan in his place until his successor should be elected 
 and qualified. M the Novetnber election of this year, the members chosen to the forty-fourth 
 congress were — Charles G. Williams, from the first district; Lucian B. Caswell, from the 
 second; Henry S. Magoon, from the third; William Pitt Lynde, from the fourth; Samuel D. 
 Burchard, from the fifth; A. M. Kimball, from the sixth; Jeremiah M. Rusk, from the seventh, 
 and George W. Gate, from the eighth district. Lynde, Burchard and Cate were " reform ; " the 
 residue were republican. 
 
 At the same election, an amendment to section 3 of article 11 of the constitution of the 
 State was duly ratified and adopted by the people. Under this section, as it now stands, it is 
 the duty of the legislature, and they are by it empowered, to provide for the organization of 
 cities and incorporated villages, and to restrict their power of taxation, assessment, borrowing 
 money, contracting debts, and loaning their credit, so as to prevent abuses in assessments and 
 taxation, and in contracting debts, by such municipal corporations. No county, city, town, 
 village, school district, or other municipal corporation, shall be allowed to become indebted in 
 any manner, or for any purpose, to ?.cv r^.aiount, including existing indebtedness in the aggregate, 
 exceeding five per centum on the vai^e of the taxable property therein, to be ascertained by the 
 last assessment for State and county taxes previous to the incurring of such indebtedness. Any 
 county, city, town, village, school district, or other municipal corporation, incurring any indebt- 
 edness as aforesaid, shall, before, or at the time of doing so, provide for the collection of a direct 
 
102 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 annual tax sufficient to pay the interest on such debt as it falls due, and also to pay and discharge 
 the principal thereof within twenty years from the time of contracting the same. 
 
 In 1872, the first appropriation for fish culture in Wisconsin was made by the legislature, 
 subject to the direction of the United States commissioner of fisheries. In iSyj., a further sum 
 was appropriated, and the governor of the State authorized to appoint three commissioners, 
 whose duties were, upon receiving any spawn or fish, by or through the United States commis- 
 sioner of fish and fisheries, to immediately place such spawn in the care of responsible pisci- 
 culturists of the State, to be hatched and distributed in the different waters in and surrounding 
 ^Vis'co^sin. Two more members have since been added by law to the commission ; their labors 
 have been much extended, and liberal appropriations made to further the object they have in 
 view — with flattering prospects of their finally being able to stock the streams and lakes of the 
 State with the best varieties of food fish. 
 
 The year 1874, in Wisconsin, was characterized as one of general prosperity among farmers, 
 excepting the growers of wheat. The crop of that cereal was light, and, in places, entirely 
 destroyed by the chinch-bug. As a consequence, considerable depression existed in business in 
 the wheat-growing districts. Trade and commerce continued throughout the year at a low ebb, 
 the direct result of the monetary crisis of 1873. 
 
 The legislature commenced its twenty-eighth regular session on the thirteenth of January, 
 1875, with a republican majority in both houses. F. W. Horn was elected speaker of the 
 assembly. The governor delivered his message in person, on the fourteenth, to the two houses. 
 "Thanking God for all His mercies," are his opening words, "I congratulate you that order and 
 peace reign throughout the length and breadth of our State. Our material prosperity has not 
 fulfilled our anticipations But let us remember that we bear no burden of financial depression 
 not common to all the States, and that the penalties of folly are the foundation of wisdom." In 
 regard to the " Potter Law," the governor said, " It is not my opinion that this law expressed the 
 best judgment of the legislature which enacted it. While the general principles upon which it 
 is founded command our unqualified approbation, and can never be surrendered, it must be 
 
 conceded that the law is defective in some of its details The great object sought to be 
 
 accomplished by our people," continued the speaker, "is not the management of railroad property 
 by themselves, but to prevent its mismanagement by others." Concerning the charge that 
 Wisconsin was warring upon railways within her limits, the governor added, " She has never 
 proposed such a war. She proposes none now. She asks only honesty, justice and the peace of 
 mutual good will. To all men concerned, her people say in sincerity and in truth that every 
 dollar invested in our State shall be lawfully entitled to its just protection, whencesoever the 
 danger comes. In demanding justice for all, the State will deny justice to none. In forbidding 
 mismanagement, the State will impose no restraints upon any management that is h mest and 
 just. In this, the moral and hereditary instincts of our people furnish a stronger bond of good 
 faith than the judgments of courts or the obligations of paper constitutions. Honest capital 
 may be timid and easily frightened; yet it is more certain to seek investment among a people 
 whose laws are at all times a shield for the weak and a reliance for the strong — where the 
 wholesome restr.iints of judicious legislation are felt alike by the exalted and the humble, the 
 rich and the poor." 
 
 The first important business to be transacted by this legislature was the election of a United 
 States senator, as the term for which M. H Carpenter had been elected would expire on the 
 fourth of March ensuing. Much interest was manifested in the matter, not only in the , two 
 houses, but throughout the State. There was an especial reason for this; for, although the then 
 
"WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 103 
 
 incumbent was a candidate for re-election, with a republican majority in the legislature, yet it 
 was well known that enough members of that party were pledged, before the commencement of 
 the session, to vote against him, to secure his defeat, should they stand firm to their pledges 
 The republicans met in caucus and nominated Carpenter for re-election; but the recalcitrant 
 members held themselves aloof. Now, according to usual precedents, a nomination by the domi- 
 nant party was equivalenc to an election ; not so, however, in this case, notwithstanding the friends 
 of the nominee felt sanguine of his election in the end. The result of the first ballot, on the 
 twenty-sixth of January, was, in the senate, thirteen for the republican candidate ; in the 
 assembly, forty-six votes, an aggregate of only fifty-nine. He lacked four votes in the assembly 
 and an equal number in the senate, of having a majority i.i each house. On the twenty-seventh, 
 the two houses, in joint convention, h iving met to compare the record of the voting the day 
 previous, and it appearing that no one person had received a majority of the votes in each house 
 for United States senator, they proceeded to their first joint ballot. The result was, no election. 
 The balloting was continued each day, until the third of February, when, on the eleventh joint 
 trial, Angus Cameron, of LaOosse, having received sitxty-eight votes, to Carpenter's fifty-nine, 
 with five scattering, was declared elected. 
 
 As in the previous session so in this, — one of the most absorbing subjects before the legisla- 
 ture was that of railroads; the " Potter Law" receiving a due share of attention in both houses. 
 The result was an amendment in some important particulars without changing the right of State 
 control : rates were modified. The law as amended was more favorable to the railroad compa- 
 nies and was regarded as a compromise. The legislature adjourned sine die on the 6th of March. 
 This was the shortest session ever held in the State except one of twenty-five years previous. 
 
 On the i6th of February, O. W. Wight was appomted by the governor chief geologist of 
 Wisconsin, in place of I. A. Lapham, whose appointment had not been acted upon by the Senate. 
 On the 24th of the same month, J. W. Hoyt was appointed railroad commissioner for three 
 years from the first day of May .^ollowing, on which day his one-year term in the same office would 
 expire. At the regular Spring election on the 6th of April following, Edward G. Ryan was 
 elected, without opposition, chief justice of the supreme court for the unexpired term of Chief 
 Justice Dixon, ending the first Monday in January, 1876, and for a full term of six years from 
 the last mentioned date; so that his present term of office will expire on the ist Monday in Jan- 
 uary, 1882. An act providing for taking the census of Wisconsin on or before the ist of July, 
 1875, was passed by the legislature and approved the 4th of March pievious. It required an 
 enumeration of all the inhabitants of the State except Indians, who were not entitled to the right 
 of suffrage. The result of this enumeration gave a total population to Wisconsin of one million 
 two hundred and thirty-six thousand seven hundred and twenty-nine. 
 
 At the November election, republican and "reform' tickets were in the field for State 
 officers, resulting in the success of the latter, except as to governor. For this office Harrison 
 Ludington was chosen by a majority, according to the State board of canvassers, over William 
 R. Taylor, of eight hundred and forty-one. The rest of the candidates elected were: Charles 
 D. Parker, lieutenant governor; Petei Doyle, secretary of state; Ferdinand Kuehn, treasurer 
 of state, A. Scott Sloan, attorney general; and Edward Searing, superintendent of public 
 instruction. The act abolishing the office of state commissionei of immigration was to take 
 effect "on and after" the close of this administration; so, 01 course, no person was voted for to 
 fill that position at the Fall election of 1875. 
 
 During this administration the principle involved m a long-pending controversy between the 
 State and Minnesota relating to valuable harbor privileges at the head of Lake Superior, was suc- 
 cessfully and finally settled in favor of Wisconsin. The influence of the executive was largely 
 
104 HISTORY OF WISCOXSIN. 
 
 instrumental in initiating a movement which resulted in securing congressional appropriations 
 amounting to ^Soo,ooo to the Fox and Wisconsin river improvement. A change was inaugu- 
 rated in the whole system of timber agencies over State and railroad lands, by which the duties of 
 agents were localized, and efficiency was so well established that many important trespasses were 
 brought to light from which over $60,000 in penalties was collected and paid into the Treasury, 
 while as much more was subsequently realized from settlements agreed upon and proceedings 
 instituted. By decisive action on the part of the governor an unsettled printing claim of nearly 
 a hundred thousand dollars was met and defeated in the courts. During this period also appro- 
 prisitions were cut down, and the rate of taxation diminished. Governor Taylor bestowed unre- 
 mitting personal attention to details of business with a view of promoting the public interests 
 with strict economy, while his countenance and support was extended to all legitimate enter- 
 prises. He required the Wisconsin Central railroad company to give substantial assurance that 
 it would construct a branch line from Stevens Point to Portage City as contemplated by congress, 
 before issuing certificates for its land grants. 
 
 The closing year of the century of our national existence — 1875, was one somewhat discour- 
 aging to certain branches of the agricultural interests of Wisconsin. The previous Winter had 
 been an unusually severe one. A greater breadth of corn was planted than in any previous year 
 in the State, but the unusually late season, followed by frosts in .\ugust and September, entirely 
 ruined thousands of acres of that staple. 
 
 Fifteenth Admixistration. — Harrison Ludington, Goverxor — 1876-1S77. 
 
 The fifteenth administration of Wisconsin commenced at noon on Monday, January 3, 1876, 
 by the inauguration of State officers — Harrison Ludington, as previously stated, having been 
 elected upon the republican ticket, to fill the chief executive office of the State ; the others, to 
 the residue of the offices, upon tlie democratic reform ticket: the governor, like' three of his 
 predecessors — Farwell, Bashford, and Randall (first term) — having been chosen by a majority 
 less than one thousand ; and, like two of his predecessors — Farwell and Bashford — when all the 
 other State officers differed with him in politics. 
 
 The twenty-ninth regular session of the legislature of Wisconsin began on the 12th of Janu- 
 ary, 1876, at Madison. The republicans were in the majority in both houses. Samuel S. 
 Fifield was elected speaker of the assembly. On the 13th, Governor Ludington delivered in 
 person, to a joint convention of that body, his message, communicating the condition of affairs of 
 the State, and recommending such matters for the consideration of the legislators as were thought 
 expedient : it was brief; its style condensed ; its strikmg peculiarity, a manly frankness. " It is 
 not the part of wisdom," said he, in his concluding remarks, "to disguise the fact that the people 
 of this State, in common with those of all sections of the Union, have suffered some abatement of 
 the prosperity that they have enjoyed in the past." "We have entered," he continued, "upon 
 the centennial of our existence as an independent nation. It is fit that we should renew the spirit 
 in which the Republic had its birth, and our determination that it shall endure to fulfill the great 
 purposes of its existence, and to justify the noble sacrifices of its founders." The legislature 
 adjourned .>7«<.w//if on the ■14th of March, 1876, after a session of sixty-three days. The chief 
 measures of the session were; The amendment of the railroad laws, maintaining salutary restric- 
 tions while modifying those features which were crippling and crushing an important interest of 
 the State ; and the apportionment of the State into senate and assembly districts. It is a pro- 
 vision of the constitution of the State that the number of the members of the assembly shall 
 never be less than fifty-four, nor more than one hundred ; and that the senate shall consist of a 
 number not more than one-third nor less than one-fourth of the number of the members of the 
 
"WfSCONSIN AS A STATE. 105 
 
 assembly. Since the year 1862, the aggregate allotted to both houses had been one hundred and 
 thirty-three, the maximum allowed by the constitution; one hundred in the assembly and thirty- 
 three in the senate. The number of this representation was not diminished by the apportion- 
 ment of 1876. One of the railroad laws abolished the board of railroad commissioners, confer- 
 ring its duties upon a railroad commissioner to be appointed by the governor every two years. 
 Under this law DanaC. Lamb was appointed to that office, on the loth of March, 1876. On the 
 2d day of February, previous, George W. Burchard was by the governor appointed state prison 
 director for six years, in place of Joel Rich, whose term of office had expired. On the same day 
 T. C. Chamberlin was appointed chief geologist of Wisconsin in place of O. W. Wight. 
 
 The application of Miss Lavinia Goodell, for admission to the bar of Wisconsin, was 
 rejected by the supreme court of the State, at its January term, 1876. "We can not but think," 
 jaid Chief Justice Ryan, in the decree of refusal, " we can not but think the common law wise 
 in excluding women from the profession of the law." "The profession," he added, "enters 
 largely into the well-being of society, and, to be honorably filled, and safely to society, exacts 
 the devotion of life. The law of nature destines and qualifies the female sex for the bearing 
 and nurture of the children of our race, and for the custody of the homes of the world, and 
 their maintenance in love and honor. And all life-long callings of women inconsistent with 
 these radical and social duties of their sex, as is the profession of the law, are departures from 
 the order of Nature, and, when voluntary, are treason against it." By a law since passed, no 
 person can be denied admission to any court in the State on account of sex ; and Miss Goodell 
 has been admitted to practice in the Supreme Court. 
 
 By an act of the legislature, approved March 13, 1876, a State board of health was estab- 
 lished, the apijointment of a superintendent of vital statistics, was provided for, and certain 
 duties were assigned to local boards of health. The State board was organized, soon after; 
 the governor having previously appointed seven persons as its members. The object of the 
 organization, which is supported by the State, is, to educate the people of Wisconsin into a better 
 knowledge of the nature and causes of disease, and a better knowledge and observance of 
 hygienic laws 
 
 By a law passed in 1868, as amended in 1870 and 1873, the secretary of state, state 
 treasurer, and attorney general, were constituted a State board of assessment, to meet in the 
 city of Madison, on the third Wednesday in May, 1874, and biennally thereafter, to make an 
 equalized valuation of the property in the State, as a guide to assessment for taxation. In the 
 tables of equalized valuations compiled by this board in 1876, the whole amount of taxable 
 property in Wisconsin, is set down at $423,596,290 ; of which sum 8337.073,148) represents real 
 estate and $86,523,142 personal property. 
 
 This being the year for the election of president and vice president of the United States, 
 the two political parties in Wisconsin — republican and democratic — had tickets in the field. 
 At the election on Tuesday, November 7, the republican presidential electors received a 
 majority of the votei cast in the State, securing Wisconsin for Hayes and Wheeler. The eight 
 congressional districts elected the same day their members to the forty-fifth congress, whose 
 terms of office would expire on the 4th of March, 1879. Charles G. Williams was elected in the 
 first district; Lucien B. Caswell, in the second; George C. Hazelton, in the third; William P. 
 Lynde, in the fourth; Edward S. Bragg, in the fifth; Gabriel Bouck, in the sixth; H. L. 
 Humphrey, in the seventh; and Thad. C. Pound, in the eighth district. A majority of the 
 delegation was republican, the representatives from the fourth, fifth and sixth districts only, being 
 democrats. 
 
106 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 There was a general and spontaneous exhibition of patriotic impulses throughout the length 
 and breadth of Wisconsin, on the part of both native and .'oreign-born citizens, at the com- 
 mencement of the centennial year, and upon the fourth of July. The interest of the people of 
 the State generally, in the Exposition at Philadelphia, was manifested in a somewhat remarkable 
 manner from its inception to its close. By an act of congress, approved JVIarch 3, 1S71, pro- 
 vision was made for celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence, by 
 holding in that city, in 1876, an exhibition of arts, manufactures, and the products of the soil 
 and mines of the country. A centennial commission, consisting of one commissioner and one 
 alternate commissioner, from each State and Territory, was authorized to be appointed, to carry 
 out the provisions of the a^t. David Atwood, as commissioner, and E. D. Helton, as alternate, 
 were commissioned by the president of the United States, from Wisconsin. Tiiis commission 
 gradually made progress in preparing for an international exposition. " The commission has 
 been organized," said Governor Washburn, in his message to the legislature in January, 1873, 
 " and has made considerable progress in its work. The occasion will be one to which I'he 
 American people can not fail to respond in the most enthusiastic manner." The president of 
 the United States, by proclamation, in July, 1873, announced the exhibition and national celebra- 
 tion, and commended them to the people of the Union, and of all nations. " It seems fitting," 
 said Governor Taylor, in his message to the Wisconsin legislature in 1874, " that such a cele- 
 bration of this important event, should be held, and it is hoped it will be carried out in a manner 
 worthy of a great and enlightened nation." By the close of 1874, a large number of foreign 
 governments had signified their intention to participate in the exhibition. 
 
 The legislature of Wisconsin, at its session in 1875, deeming it essential that the State, 
 with its vast resources in agricultural, mineral, lumbering, manufacturing, and other products 
 and industries, should be fully represented at Philadelphia, passed an act which was approved 
 March 3, 1875, to provide for a "Board of State Centennial Managers." Two thousand dollars 
 were appropriated to pay its necessary expenses. The board was to consist of five members to 
 be appointed by the governor ; and there were added thereto, as ex-officio members, the United 
 States centennial commissioner and his alternate. The duties of the members were to dis- 
 seminate information regarding the Exhibition; to secure the co-operation ol industrial, scien- 
 tific, agricultural, and other associations in the State; to appoint co-operative local committees, 
 representing the different industries of tlie State ; to stimulate local action on all measures 
 intended to render the e.xhibition successful, and a worthy representation of the industries of 
 the country; to encourage the production of articles suitable for the Exhibition ; to distribute 
 documents issued by the centennial commission among manufacturers and otheis in the State; 
 to render assistance in furthering the financial and other interests of the exhibition ; to furnish 
 information to the commission on subjects that might be referred to the board ; to care for the 
 interests of the State and of its citizens in matters relating to the exhibition ; to receive and 
 pronounce upon applications for space ; to apportion the space placed at its disposal among the 
 exhibitors from the State ; and to supervise such other details relating to the representation of 
 citizens of Wisconsin in the Exhibition, as might from time to time be delegated by the United 
 States centennial commission. 
 
 The board was required to meet on the first Wednesday of April, 1875, at the capitol, in 
 Madison, to organize and adopt such by-laws and regulations as might be deemed necessary for 
 the successful prosecution of the work committed to their charge Governor Taylor appointed 
 Eli Stilson, J. I. Case, J. B. Parkinson, T. C. Pound, and E. A. Calkins, members of the board. 
 Its organization was perfected, at the appointed time, by the election of J. B. Parkinson as pre- 
 sident, and W. W. Field, secretary. The ex-officio members of the board, were David Atwood, 
 
WISCONSIX AS A STATE. 107 
 
 United States commissioner, and E. D. Holton, alternate From this time forward, the board 
 was untiring in its efforts to secure a full and proper representation of the varied interests of 
 Wisconsin in the centennial exhibition of 1876. E. A. Calkins having resigned his position as 
 member of the board, Adolph Meinecke took his place by appointment of the governor July 
 24, 1875. Governor Ludington, in his message to the legislature in January, 1876, spoke in 
 commendation of the coming exhibition. "The occasion," said he, "will afford an excellent 
 opportunity to display the resources and products of the State, and to attract hither capital and 
 immigration." 
 
 Soon after the organization of the United States centennial commission, a national organ- 
 ization of the women of the country was perfected. A lady of Philadelphia was placed at its 
 head; and ? presiding officer from each State was appointed. Mrs. A. C. Thorp assumed the 
 duties of chairman for Wisconsin, in March, 1875, appointing assistants in various parts of the 
 State, when active work was commenced. This organization was efficient in Wisconsin in 
 arousing an interest in the general purposes and objects of the exhibition. 
 
 By an act of the legislature, approved March 3, 1876, the sum of tweaty thousand dollars 
 was appropriated to the use of the board of centennial managers, for the purpose of arranging 
 for, and making a proper exhibition of, the products, resources, and advantages of the State at 
 the exposition. The treasurer of Wisconsin was, by this act, made an ex-officio member of the 
 board. By this and previous action of the legislature — by efforts put torth by the board of 
 managers — by individual enterprise — by the untiring labors of the "Women's Centennial Execu- 
 tive Committee,'' to whom, by an act of tiie legislature, approved the 4th of March, 1875, one 
 thousand dollars were appropriated — Wisconsin was enabled to take a proud and honorable 
 position in the Centennial Exposition — a gratification not only to the thousands of her citizens 
 who visited Philadelphia during its continuance, but to the people generally, throughout the 
 State. 
 
 In Wisconsin, throughout the centennial year, those engaged in the various branches of 
 agriculture and other useful avocations, were reasonably prosperous. The crop of wheat and 
 oats was a light yield, and of poor quality ; but the corn crop was the largest ever before raised 
 in the State, and of superior quality. The dairy and hog product was large, and commanded 
 remunerative prices. Fruits were unusually plenty. Trade and business enterprises, however, 
 generally remained depressed. 
 
 By section five of article seven of the constitution of Wisconsin, the counties of the State 
 were apportioned into five judicial circuits : the county of Richland being attached to Iowa, 
 Chippewa to Crawford, and La Pointe to St. Croix In 1850, the fifth circuit was divided, and a 
 sixth circuit formed. In 1864, Crawford and Richland were made part of the fifth circuit. By 
 an act which took effect in 1854, a seventh circuit was formed. On the first day of January, 
 1855, the sixth circuit was divided, and an eighth and ninth circuit formed, the county of 
 Columbia being made a part of the last mentioned one. In the same year was also formed a 
 tenth circuit; and, in 1858, Winnebago county was attached to it; but, in 1S70, that county was 
 attached to the third circuit. In 1858, Kewaunee county was attached to the fourth circuit. 
 .\a eleventh circuit was formed in 1864, from which, in 1865, Dallas county was detached, and 
 made part of the eighth. By an act which took effect on the first day of January, 1871, the 
 twelfth circuit was' formed. In 1876, a thirteenth circuit was " constituted and re-organized." 
 
 At that time, the whole sixty counties of the State stood apportioned in the thirteen judicial 
 circuits as follows: First circuit, Walworth, Racine, and Kenosha; second circuit, Milwaukee, 
 and Waukesha, third circuit, Green Lake, Dodge, Washington, Ozaukee, and Winnebago; 
 fourth circuit, Sheboygan, Calumet, Kewaunee, Fond du Lac, and Manitowoc ; fifth circuit, 
 
108 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Grant, Iowa, La Fayette, Richland, and Crawford ; sixth circuit, Clark, Jackson, Monroe, La 
 Crosse, and Vernon; seventh circuit. Portage, Marathon, Waupaca, Wood, Waushara, Lincoln, 
 and Taylor; eighth circuit, Dunn, Pepin, Pierce, and St. Croix; ninth circuit, Adams, Columbia, 
 Dane, Juneau, Sauk and Marquette; tenth circuit, Outagamie, Oconto, Shawano, Door, and 
 Brown eleventh circuit, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Douglas, and Polk ; 
 twelfth circuit. Rock, Green, and Jefferson; and the thirteenth circuit, Buffalo, Eau Claire, and 
 Trempeleau, Marinette and New are now in the tenth ; Price is in the seventh circuit. 
 
 The thirtieth regular session of the legislature of Wisconsin commenced, pursuant to law, 
 on the loth of January, 1877. The republicans had working majorities in both houses. J. B. 
 Cassoday was elected Speaker of the Assembly. Governor Ludington delivered his message to 
 the joint convention of the legislature the following day. "We should not seek," said he, in 
 his concluding remarks, " to conceal from ourselves the fact that the prosperity which our people 
 have enjoyed for a number of years past, has suffered some interruption. Agriculture has ren- 
 dered less return ; labor in all departments has been less productive, and trade has consequently 
 been less active, and has realized a reduced percentage of profit." " These adverse circum- 
 stances," continued the governor, " will not be wholly a misfortune if we heed the lesson that 
 they convey. This lesson is the necessity of strict economy in public and private affairs. We 
 have been living upon a false basis ; and the time has now come when we must return to a solid 
 foundation." The legislature adjourned sine die on the Sth of March, after a session of fifty- 
 eight days, passing three hundred and one acts — one hundred and thirteen less than at the 
 session of 1876 The most imjwrtant of these, as claimed by the dominant party which passed 
 it, is one for the maintenance of the purity of the ballot box, known as the '' Registry Law." On 
 the 3d day of .-Vpril, at the regular Spring election, William P. Lyon was re-elected, without 
 opposition, an associate justice of the supreme court for six years from the first Monday in 
 January, 1878, his term of office expiring on the first Monday of January, 1884. 
 
 Under a law of 1S76, to provide for the revision of the statutes of the State, the justices of 
 the supreme court were authorized to appoint three revisors. The persons receiving the appoint- 
 ment were David Taylor, William F. Vilas and J. P. C. Cottrill. By an amendatory law of 1877, 
 for the purpose of having the revision completed for the session of 1878, the justices of the 
 supreme court were authorized to appoint two additional revisors, and assign them special duties 
 on the commission. H. S. Orton was appointed to revise the criminal law and proceedings, and 
 J. H. Carpenter to revise the proljate laws. 
 
 Governor Ludington declined being a candidate for renomination. His administration was 
 characterized as one of practical efficiency. As the chief executive officer of Wisconsin, he kept 
 in view the best interests of the State. In matters coming under his control, a rigid system of 
 economy prevailed. 
 
 There were three tickets in the field presented to the electors of Wisconsin for their suffrages 
 at the general election l.eld on the sixth of November, 1877 : republican, democratic, and the 
 "greenback" ticket. The republicans were successful, electing William E. Smith, governor ; 
 James M. Bingham, lieutenant governor; Hans B.Warner, secretary of state; Richard Guenther, 
 treasurer; Alexander Wilson, attorney general ; and William C. Whitford, state superintendent 
 of public instruction. At the same election two amendments to the constitution of the State 
 were voted upon and both adopted. The first one amends section four of article seven ; so that, 
 hereafter, " the supreme court shall consist of one chief justice and four associate justices, to be 
 elected by the qualified electors of the State. The legislature shall, at its first session after the 
 adoption of tiiis amendment, provide by law for the election of two associa e justices of said 
 court, to hold their offices respectively for terms ending two and four years, respectively after the 
 
WISCONSIN AS A STATE. 109 
 
 end of the term of the justice of the said court then last to expire. And thereafter the chief 
 justices and associate justices of said court shall be elected and hold their offices respectively 
 for the term of ten years." The second one amends section two of article eight ; so that, heie- 
 after, "no money shall be paid out of the treasury except in pursuance of an appropriation by 
 law. No appropriation shall be made for the payment of any claim against the State, except 
 claims of the United States, and judgments, unless filed within six years after the claim accrued." 
 The year 1877, in Wisconsin, was notable for excellent crops. A depression in monetary 
 matters continued, it is true, but not without a reasonable prospect of a change for the better 
 within the near future. 
 
 Sixteenth Administration. — William E. Smith, Governor — 1878 — 1879. 
 
 At noon, on Monday, January 7, 1878, began the sixteenth administration of Wisconsin, by' 
 the inauguration of the State officers elect. On the 9th of the same month, commenced the 
 thirty-first regular session of the Legislature. A. R. Barrows was elected Speaker of the Assembly. 
 On the day following, Governor Smith delivered his message — a calm, business-like document — to 
 the Legislature. Both Houses adjourned sine die on the 21st of March following. On the ist day 
 of April, Harlow S. Orton and David Taylor were elected Associate Justices of the Supreme Court; 
 the term of the first named to expire on the first Monday of January, 1888 ; that of the last men- 
 tioned, on the first Monday of January, 18S6. Li obedience to a proclamation of the Governor, 
 the Legislature convened on the 4th day of June, A. D. 1878, in extra session, to revise the statutes, 
 A. R. Barrows was elected Speaker of the Assembly. The Legislature adjourned sine die on the 
 7th of fhe same month. In November following, the members chosen to the Forty-sixth Congress 
 were C. G. Williams, in the First District ; L. B. Caswell, in the Second ; George C. Hazelton, in 
 the Third ; P. V. Deuster, in the Fourth ; E. S. Bragg, in the Fifth ; Gabriel Bouck, in the Sixth ; 
 H. L. Humphrey, in the Seventh; and T. C. Pound, in the Eighth. The thirty-second regular 
 session of the Legislature commenced on the 8th day of January, 1879. D. M. Kelly was elected 
 Speaker of the Assembly ; the next day, the message of the Governor — a brief, but able State 
 paper — was delivered to both Houses. On the 21st, Matthew H. Carpenter was elected United 
 States Senator for six years, from the 4th of March thereafter, in place of Timothy O. Howe. 
 The Legislature adjourned sine die on the 5th of March, 1879. On the ist day of April following, 
 Orsamus Cole was elected Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, for a term of ten years. 
 
 Wisconsin has many attractive features. It is a healthy, fertile, well-watered and well-wooded 
 State. Every where within its borders the lights of each citizen are held sacred. Intelligence and 
 education are prominent characteristics of its people. All the necessaries and many of the comforts 
 and luxuries of life are easily to be obtained. Agriculture, the chief source of wealth to so many 
 nations, is here conducted with profit and success. Generally speaking, the farmer owns the 
 land he cultivates. Here, the laboring man, if honest and industrious, is moat certain to secure 
 a competence for himself and family. Few States have made more ample provisions for the 
 unfortunate — the deaf and dumb, the blind, and the insane — than has Wisconsin. Nor has she 
 been less interested in her reformatory and penal institutions. In her educational facilities, she 
 already rivals the most advanced of her sister States. Her markets are easily reached by rail- 
 ways and water-navigation, so that tlie products of the country find ready sale. Her commerce 
 is extensive; her manufactures remunerative; her natural resources great and manifold. In 
 morality and religion, her standard is high. Her laws are lenient, but not lax, securing the 
 greatest good to those who are disposed to live up to their requirements. Wisconsin has, in 
 fact, all the essential elements of prosperity and good government. Exalted and noble, there- 
 fore, must be her future career. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. 
 
 Bv T. C. CHAMBERLIN, A.M.. State Geologist. 
 
 The surface features of Wisconsin are simple and symmetrical in character, and present a con- 
 figuration intermediate between the mountainous, on the one hand, and a monotonous level, on the 
 other. The highest summits within the state rise a little more than 1,200 ieet above its lowest sur- 
 faces. A few exceptional peaks rise from 400 to 600 feet above their bases, but abrupt elevations of 
 more than 200 or 300 feet are not common. Viewed as a whole, the state may be regarded as oc- 
 cupying a swell of land lying between three notable depressions ; Lake Michigan on the east, about 
 578 feet above the mean tide of the ocean. Lake Superior on the north, about 600 feet above the 
 sea, and the valley of the Mississippi river, whose elevation at the Illinois state line is slightly below 
 that of Lake Michigan. From these depressions the surface slopes upward to the summit altitudes 
 of the state. But the rate of asc?nt is unequal. From Lake Michigan the surface rises by a long, 
 gentle acclivity westward and northward. A similar slope ascends from the Mississippi valley to 
 meet this, and their junction forms a north and south arch extending nearly the entire length of the 
 state. From Lake Superior the surface ascends rapidly to the watershed, which it reaches within 
 about thirty miles of the lake. 
 
 If we include the contiguous portion of the upper peninsula of Michigan, the whole elevation 
 maybe looked upon as a very low, rude, three-sided pyramid, with rounded angles. The apex is 
 near the Michigan line, between the headwaters of the Montreal and Brule rivers. The 
 northern side is short and abrupt. The southeastward and southwestward sides are long, and 
 decline gently. The base of this pyramid may be considered as, in round numbers, 600 feet 
 above the sea, and its extreme apex 1,800 feet. 
 
 Under the waters of Lake Michigan the surface of the land passes below the sea level 
 before the limits of the state are reached. Under Lake Superior the land-surface descends to 
 even greater depths, but probably not within the boundaries of the state. The regularity of the 
 southward slopes is interrupted in a very interesting way by a remarkable diagonal valley 
 occupied by Green bay and the Fox and Wisconsin rivers. This is a great groove, traversing 
 the state obliquely, and cutting down the central elevation half its height. A line passing across 
 the surface, from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi, at any other point, would arch upward from 
 about 400 to 1,000 feet, according to the location, while along the trough of this valley it would 
 reach an elevation barely exceeding 200 feet. On the northwest side of this trough, in general, 
 the surface rises somewhat gradually, giving at most points much amplitude to the valley, but 
 on the opposite side, the slope ascends rapidly to a well marked watershed that stretches across 
 the state parallel to the valley. At Lake Winnebago, this diagonal valley is connected with a 
 scarcely less notable one, occupied by the Rock river. Geologically, this Green-bay -Rock- 
 
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. Ill 
 
 river valley is even more noticeable, since it lies along the trend of the underlying strata, and 
 was in large measure plowed out of a soft stratum by glacial action. Where it crosses the water- 
 shed, near Horicon marsh, it presents the same general features that are seen at other points, 
 and in an almost equally conspicuous degree. • E.xcept in the southern part of the state, this 
 valley is confined on the east by an abrupt ascent, and, at many points, by a precipitous, rocky 
 acclivity, known as "The Ledge " — which is the projecting edge of the strata of the Niagara 
 limestone. On the watershed referred to — between the St. Lawrence and Mississippi basins — 
 this ledge is as conspicuous and continuous as at other points, so that we have here again the 
 phenomenon of a valley formed by excavation, running up over an elevation of 300 feet, and 
 connecting two great systems of drainage. 
 
 On the east side of this valley, as already indicated, there is a sharp ascent of 200 feet, 
 on an average, from the crest of which the surface slopes gently down to Lake Michigan. The 
 uniformity of this slope is broken by an e.xtended line of drift hills, lying obliquely along it and 
 extending from Kewaunee county southward to the Illinois line and known as tlie Kettle range. 
 A less conspicuous range of similar character branches off from this in the northwest corner of 
 Walworth county and passes across the Rock river valley, where it curves northward, passing 
 west of Madison, crossing the great bend in the Wisconsin river, and bearing northeastward 
 into Oconto county, where it swings round to the westward and crosses the northern part of the 
 state. As a general topographical feature it is not conspicuous and is rather to be conceived as 
 a peculiar chain of drift hills winding over the surface of the state, merely interrupting in some 
 degree the regularity of its slopes There will be occasion to return to this feature in our 
 discussion of the drift. It will be observed that the southeastward slope is interrupted by 
 valleys running across it, rudely parallel to Lake Michigan, and directing its drainage northward 
 and southward, instead of directing it down the slope into the lake. 
 
 The Mississippi slope presents several conspicuous ridges and valleys, but their trend is 
 toward the great river, and they are all due, essentially, to the erosion of the streams that 
 channel the slo;ie. One of these ridges constitutes the divide south of the \\'isconsin river, 
 already referred to. Another of these, conspicuous by reason of its narrowness and sharpness, 
 lies between the Kickapoo and the Mississippi, and e.xtends through Crawford, Vernon and 
 Monroe counties. Still another is formed by the quartzite ranges of Sauk county and others 
 of less prominence give a highly diversified cha;acter to the slope. 
 
 Scattered over the surface of the state are prominent hills, some swelling ui>ward into rounded 
 domes, some rising symmetrically into conical peaks, some ascending precipitously into castel- 
 lated towers, and some reaching prominence without regard to beauty of form or convenience of 
 description. A part of these hills were formed by the removal by erosion of the surrounding 
 strata, and a part by the heaping up of drift material by the glacial forces. In the former case, 
 they are composed of rock; in the latter, of clay, sand, gravel and bowlders. The two forms 
 are often combined. The highest peak in the southwestern part of the state is the West 
 Blue mound, which is 1,151 feet above Lake Michigan; in the eastern part, Lapham's peak, 824 
 feet, and in the central part. Rib hill, 1263 feet. The crest of Penokee range in the northern 
 part of the state rises 1,000 feet, and upwards, above Lake Michigan. 
 
 The drainage systems correspond in general to these topograpical features, though several 
 minor eccentricities are to be observed. The streams of the Lake Superior system plunge 
 rapidly down their steep slopes, forming numerous falls, some of them possessing great beauty, 
 prominent among which are those of the Montreal river. On the southern slope, the rivers, in the 
 upper portion of their courses, likewise descend rapidly, tliough less so, producing a succession 
 of rapids and cascades, and an occasional cataract. In the lower part of their courses, the 
 
112 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 descent becomes much more get\tle and many of them are navigable to a greater or less extent. 
 The rivers west of the Wisconsin pursue an essentially direct course to the Mississippi, 
 attended of course with minor flexures. The Wisconsin river lies, for the greater part of its 
 course, upon the north and south arch of the state, but on encountering the diagonal valley 
 above mentioned it turns southwestward to the " Father of Waters." The streams east of the 
 Wisconsin flow southerly and southeasterly until they likewise encounter this valley when they 
 turn in the opposite direction and discharge northeasterly into Lake Michigan, through Green 
 bay. Between the Green-bay-Rock-river valley and Lake Michigan, the drainage is again in 
 the normal southeasterly direction. In the southern part of the state, the rivers flow in a gen- 
 eral southerly direction, but, beyond the state, turn westward toward the Mississippi. 
 
 If the courses of the streams be studied in detail, many exceedingly interesting and instruc- 
 tive features will be observed, due chiefly to peculiarities of geological structure, some of which 
 will be apparent by inspecting the accompanying geological map. Our space, however, 
 forbids our entering upon the subject here. 
 
 The position of the watershed between the great basins of the Mississippi and the St. Law- 
 rence is somewhat peculiar. On the Illinois line, it lies only three and one half miles from Lake 
 Michigan and about i6o feet above its surface. As traced northward from this point, it retires 
 from the lake and ascends in elevation till it approaches the vicinity of Lake Winnebago, when 
 it recurves upon itself and descends to the portage between the Fo.\ and the Wisconsin rivers, 
 whence it pursues a northerly course to the heights of Michigan, when it turns westward and 
 passes in an undulating course across the northern part of the state. It will be observed that 
 much the greater area of the state is drained by the Mississippi system. 
 
 The relationship which the drainage channels have been observed to sustain to the topo- 
 graphical features is partly that of cause and partly that of effect. The general arching of the 
 surface, giving rise to the main slopes, is due to deep-seated geological causes that produce an 
 upward swelling of the center of the state. This determined the general drainage systems. On 
 the other hand, the streams, acting upon strata of varying hardness, and presenting different atti- 
 tudes, wore away the surface unequally and cut for themselves anomalous channels, leaving 
 corresponding divides between, which gave origin to the minor irregularities that diversify the 
 surface. In addition to this, the glacier — that great ice stream, the father of the drift — planed 
 and plowed the surface and heaped up its debris upon it, modifying both the surface and drainage 
 features Looked at from a causal standpoint, we see the results of internal forces elevating, and 
 external agencies cutting down, or, in a word, the face of the state is the growth of geologic ages 
 furrowed by the teardrops of the skies. 
 
 GEOLOGIC-VL HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 In harmony with the historical character of this atlas, it may be most acceptable to weave 
 our brief sketch of the geological structure of the state into the form of a narrative of its growth. 
 
 THE .\RCH^AN AGE. 
 
 LAURKNTIAN PERIOD. 
 
 The physical history of Wisconsin can be traced back with certainty to a state of complete 
 submergence beneath the waters of the ancient ocean, by which the material of our oldest and 
 deepest strata were deposited. Let an extensive but shallow sea, covering the whole of the 
 present territory of the state, be pictured to the mind, and let it be imagined to be depositing 
 
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGV 113 
 
 mud and sand, as at the present day, and we have before us the first authentic stage of the history 
 under consideration. Back of that, the history is lost in the mists of geologic antiquity. The 
 thickness of the sediments that accumulated in that early period was immense, being measured 
 by thousands of feet. These sediments occupied of course an essentially horizontal position, and 
 were, doubtless, in a large degree hardened into beds of impure sandstone, shale, and other sedi- 
 mentary rock. But in the progress of time an enormous pressure, attended by heat, was brought 
 to bear upon them laterally, or edgewise, by which they were folded and crumpled, and forced 
 up out of the water, giving rise to an island, the nucleus of Wisconsin. The force which pro- 
 duced this upheaval is believed to have arisen from the cooling and consequent contraction of 
 the globe. The foldings may be imaged as the wrinkles of a shrinking earth. But the contor- 
 tion of the beds was a scarcely more wonderful result than the change in the character of the 
 rock which seems to have taken place simultaneously with the folding, indeed, as the result of the 
 heat and pressure attending it. The sediments, that seem to have previoysly taken the form of 
 impure sandstone and shale for the most part, underwent a change, in which re-arrangement and 
 crystalization of the ingredients played a conspicuous part. By this metamorphism, granite, gneiss, 
 mica schist, syenite, hornblende rocks, chloritic schists and other crystalline rocks were formed. 
 These constitute the Laurentian formation and belong to the most ancient period yet distinctly 
 recognized in geology, although there were undoubtedly more ancient rocks. They are therefore 
 very fittingly termed Archaean — ancient — rocks (formerly Azoic.) No remains of life have been 
 found in this formation in Wisconsin, but from the nature of rocks elsewhere, believed to be of the 
 same age, it is probable that the lowest forms of life existed at this time. It is not strange that 
 the great changes through which the rocks have passed should have so nearly obliterated all 
 traces of them. The original extent of this Laurentian island can not now be accurately ascer- 
 tained, but it will be sufficiently near the truth for our present purposes to consider the formation 
 as it is now exposed, and as it is represented on the maps of the geological survey, as showing 
 approximately the original extent. This will make it include a large area in the north-central 
 portion of the state and a portion of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. All the rest of the state 
 was beneath the ocean, and the same may be said of the greater portion of the United States 
 The height of this island was doubtless considerable, as it has since been very much cut down by 
 denuding agencies. The strata, as now exposed, mostly stand in highly inclined attitudes and 
 present their worn edges to view. The tops of the folds, of which they are the remnants, seem 
 to have been cut away, and we have the nearly vertical sides remaining. 
 
 HURONIAN PERIOD. 
 
 As soon as the Laurentian island had been elevated, the waves of the almost shoreless 
 ccean began to beat against it, the elements to disintegrate it, and the rains of the then tropical 
 climate to wash it; and the sand, clay and other debris, thus formed, were deposited beneath the 
 waters around its base, giving rise to a new sedimentary formation. There is no evidence that 
 there was any vegetation on the island : the air and water were, doubtless, heavily charged with 
 carbonic acid, an efficient agent of disintegration : the climate was warm and doubtless very 
 moist — circumstances which combined to hasten the erosion of the island and increase the 
 deposition in the surrounding sea. In addition to these agencies, we judge from the large amount 
 of carbonaceous matter contained in some of the beds, that there must have been an abundance 
 of marine vegetation, and, from the limestone beds that accuaiulated, it is probable that there 
 was marine animal life also, since in later ages that was the chief source of limestone strata. 
 The Joint accumulations from these several sources gave rise to a series of shales, sandstones 
 and limestones, whose combined thickness was several thousand feet. 
 
114 HISTORY OF WISCOJfSm. 
 
 At length the process of upheaval and metaniorphism that closed the Laurentian period 
 was repeated, and these sandstones became (juartzites; the limestones were crystalized, the 
 shales were changed to slates or schists, and intermediate grades of sediments became diorites, 
 quartz- porphyries and other forms of crystalline rocks. The carbonaceous matter was changed 
 in part to graphite. There were also associated with these deposits extensive beds of iron ore, 
 which we now find chiefly in the form of magnetite, hematite and specular ore. These constitute 
 the Huronian rocks. From the amount of iron ore they contain, they are also fittingly termed 
 the iron-bearing series. As in the preceding case, the strata were contorted, flexed and folded, 
 and the whole island was further elevated, carrying with it these circumjacent strata, by which 
 its extent was much enlarged. The area of the island after receiving this increment was con- 
 siderably greater than the surface represented as Laurentian and Huronian on the accompanying 
 map, since it was subsequently covered to a considerable extent by later formations. Penokee 
 range, in Ashland county, is the most conspicuous development of the Huronian rocks in the 
 state. The upturned edge of the formation forms a bold rampart, extending across the country 
 for sixty miles, making the nearest approach to a mountain range to be found within the state. 
 A belt of magnetic schist may be traced nearly its entire length. In the northern part of 
 Oconto county , there is also an important development of this formation, being an extension 
 of the Menomonee iron-bearing series. A third area is found in Barron county, which includes 
 deposits of pipestone. In the south central part of the stale there are a considerable numlier 
 of small areas and isolated outliers of quartzite and quartz-porphyry, that, without much doubt, 
 belong to this series. The most conspicuous of these are the Baraboo quartzite ranges, in 
 Sauk and Columbia counties, and from thence a chain of detached outliers extends northeasterly 
 through several counties. The most southerly exposure of the formation is near Lake Mills, in 
 Jefferson county. 
 
 THE COPPER-BEARING SERIES. 
 
 Previous to the upheaval of the Huronian strata, there occurred in the Lake Superior region 
 events of peculiar and striking interest. If we may not speak with absolute assurance, we may 
 at least say with reasonable probability, that the crust of the earth was fissured in that region, 
 and that there issued from beneath an immense mass of molten rock, that spread itself over an 
 area of more than three hundred miles in length and one hundred miles in width. The action 
 was not confined to a single overflow, but eruption followed eruption, sometimes apparently in 
 quick succession, sometimes evidently at long intervals. Each outpouring, when solidified, 
 formed a stratum of trap rock, and where these followed each other without any iutervening 
 deposit, a series of trappean beds were formed. In some cases, however, an interval occurred, 
 during which the waves, acting upon the rock previously formed, produced a bed of sand, gravel 
 and clay, which afterward solidified into sandstone, conglomerate and shale. The history, of 
 these beds is lithographed on their surface in beautiful ripple-marks and other evidences of wave- 
 action. After the cessation of the igneous eruptions, there accumulated a vast thickness of 
 sandstone, shale and conglomerate, so that the whole series is literally miles in thickness. 
 
 The eruptive portions have been spoken of as traps, for convenience ; but they do not now 
 possess the usual characteristics of igneous rocks, and appear to have undergone a chemical 
 metamorphism by which the mineral ingredients have been changed, the leading ones now being 
 an iron chlorite and a feldspar, with which are associated, as accessory minerals, quartz, epidote, 
 prenite, calcite, laumontite, analcite, datolite, magnetite, native copper and silver, and, mure 
 rarely, other minerals. The rock, as a whole, is now known as a melaphyr. The upper portion 
 of each bed is usually characterized by almond-sized cells filled with the minerals above men- 
 tioned, giving to the rock an amygdaloidal nature. The native copper was not injected in a 
 
(deceased ) 
 SPRINGVALE. 
 
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. 115 
 
 molten state, as has very generally been supposed, but was deposited by chemical means after 
 the beds were formed and after a portion of the chemical change of the minerals above mentioned 
 had been accomplished. The same is true of the silver. The copper occurs in all the different 
 forms of rock — the melaphyrs, amygdaloids, sandstones, shales and conglomerates, but most 
 abundantly in the amygdaloids and certain conglomerates. 
 
 This series extends across the northern portion of the state, occupying portions of Ashland, 
 Bayfield, Douglas, Burnett and Polk counties. When the Huronian rocks were elevated, they 
 carried these up with them, and they partook of 'the folding in some measure. The copper- 
 bearing range of Keweenaw Point, Michigan, extends southwestward through Ashland, Burnett 
 and Polk counties, and throughout this whole extent the beds dip north-northwesterly toward 
 Lake Superior, at a high angle; but in Douglas and Bayfield counties there is a parallel range 
 in which the beds incline in the opposite direction, and undoubtedly form the opposite side of a 
 trough formed by a downward flexure of the strata. 
 
 PALEOZOIC TIME — SI LU RIAN AGE. 
 Potsdam Sandstone. 
 
 After the great Archaean upheaval, there followed a long period, concerning wnich very little 
 is known — a '' lost interval" in geological history. It is only certain that immense erosion of 
 the Archaean strata took place, and that in time the sea advanced upon the island, eroding its 
 strata and redepositing the wash and wear beneath its surface. The more resisting beds with- 
 stood this advance, and formed reefs and rocky islands off the ancient shore, about whose bases 
 the sands and sediments accumulated, as they did over the bottom of the surrounding ocean. 
 The breakers, dashing against the rocky cliffs, threw down masses of rock, which imbedded them- 
 selves in the sands, or were rolled and rounded on the beach, and at length were buried, in 
 either case, to tell their own history, when they should be again disclosed by the ceaseless gnaw- 
 ings of the very elements that had buried them. In addition to the accumulations of wash and 
 wear that have previously been the main agents of rock-formations, abundant life now swarms in 
 the ocean, and the sands become the great cemetery of its dead. Though the contribution of each 
 little being was small, the myriad millions that the waters brought forth, yielded by their remains, 
 a large contribution to the accumulating sediments. Among plants, there were sea-weeds, and 
 among animals, protozoans, radiates, moUusks and articulates, all the sub-kingdoms excej^t the 
 vertebrates. Among these, the most remarkable, both in nature and number, were the trilobites, 
 who have left their casts in countless multitudes in certain localities. The result of the action 
 of these several agencies was the formation of extensive beds of sandstone, with interstratified 
 layers of limestone and shale. These surrounded the .\rchasan nucleus on all sides, and reposed 
 on its flanks. On the Lake Superior margin, the sea acted mainly upon the copper and iron- 
 bearing series, which are highly ferruginous, and the result wa, the red Lake Superior sandstone. 
 On the opposite side of the island, the wave-action was mainly upon quartzites, porphyries and 
 granites, and resulted in light-colored sandstones. The former is confined to the immediate 
 vicinity of Lake Superior; the latter occupies a broad, irregular belt bordering the Archaean 
 area on the south, and, being widest in the central part of the state, is often likened to a rude 
 crescent. The form and position of the area will be best apprehended by referring to the 
 accompanying map. It will be understood from the foregoing description, that the strata of this 
 formation lie in a nearly horizontal position, and repose unconformably upon the worn surface 
 of the crystalline rocks. The close of this period was not marked by any great upheaval; there 
 
116 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 was no crumpling or metamorphism of the strata, and they have remained to the present day- 
 very much as they were originally deposited, save a slight arching upward in the central 
 portion of the state. The beds have been somewhat compacted by the pressure of superin- 
 cumbent strata and solidified by the cementing action of calcareous and ferruginous waters, and 
 by their own coherence, but the original character of the formation, as a great sand-bed, has not 
 been obliterated. It still bears the ripple-marks, cross-lamination, worm-burrows, and similar 
 markings that characterize a sandy beach. Its thickness is very irregular, owing to the uneven- 
 ness of its Archcean bottom, and may be said to range from i,ooo feet downward. The strata 
 slope gently away from the Archasan core of the state and underlie all the later formations, and 
 may be reached at any point in southern Wisconsin by penetrating to a sufficient depth, which 
 can be calculated with an approximate correctness. As it is a water-bearing formation, and the 
 source of fine Artesian wells, this is a fact of much importance. The interbedded layers of lime- 
 stone and shale, by supplying impervious strata, very much enhance its value as a source of 
 fountains. 
 
 Lower Magnesian Limestone. 
 
 During the previous period, the accumulation of sandstone gave place for a time to the 
 formation of limestone, and afterward the deposit of sandstone was resumed. At its close, with- 
 out any very marked disturbance of existing conditions, the formation of limestone was resumed, 
 and progressed with little interruption till a thickness ranging from 50 to 250 feet was attained. 
 This variation is due mainly to irregularities of the upper surface of the formation, which is 
 undulating, and in some localities, may appropriately be termed billowy, the surface rising and 
 falling 100 feet, in some cases, within a short distance. This, and the preceding similar deposit, 
 have been spoken of as limestones simply, but they are really dolomites, or magnesian limestones, 
 since they contain a large proportion of carbonate of magnesia. This rock also contains a 
 notable quantity of silica, which occurs disseminated through the mass of the rock; or, variously, 
 as nodules or masses of chert; as crystals of quartz, filling or lining drusy cavities, forming 
 beautiful miniature grottos; as the nucleus of oolitic concretions, or.as sand. Some argillaceous 
 matter also enters into its composition, and small quantities of the ores of iron, lead and copper, 
 are sometimes found, but they give little promise of value. The evidences of life are very 
 scanty. Some sea-weeds, a few mollusks, and an occasional indication of other forms of life 
 embrace the known list, except at a few favored localities where a somewhat ampler fauna is 
 found. But it is not, therefore, safe to assume the absence of life in the depositing seas, for it 
 is certain that most limestone has orignated from the remains of animals and plants that secrete 
 calcareous material, and it is most consistent to believe that such was the case in the present 
 instance, and that the distinct traces of life were mostly obliterated. This formation occupies an 
 irregular belt skirting the Potsdam area. It was, doubtless, originally a somewhat uniform band 
 swinging around the nucleus of the state already formed, but it has since been eroded by 
 streams to its present jagged outline. 
 
 St. Peter's Sandstone. 
 
 At the close of this limestone-making period, there appears to have been an interval of which 
 we have no record, and the next chapter of the history introduces us to another era of sand 
 accumulation. The work began by the leveling up of the inequalities of the surface of the Lower 
 Magnesian limestone, and it ceased before that was entirely accomplished in all parts of the 
 State, for a few prominences were left projecting through the sand deposits. The material laid 
 down consisted of a silicious sand, of uniform, well-rounded — doubtless well-rolled — grains. This 
 was evidently deposited horizontally upon the uneven limestone surface, and so rests in a sense 
 
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. IIT 
 
 unconformably upon it. Where the sandstone abuts against the sides of the limestone promi- 
 nences, it is mingled with material derived by wave action from them, which tells the story of 
 its formation. But aside from these and other exceptional impurities, the formation is a very 
 pure sandstone, and is used for glass manufacture. At most points, the sandstone has never become 
 firmly cemented and readily crumbles, so that it is used for mortar, the simple handling with pick 
 and shovel being sufficient to reduce it to a sand. Owing to the unevenness of its bottom, it 
 varies greatly in thickness, the greatest yet observed being 212 feet, but the average is less than 
 100 feet. Until recently, no organic remains had ever been found in it, and the traces now col- 
 lected are very meager indeed, but they are sufficient to show the existence of marine life, and 
 demonstrate that it is an oceanic deposit. The rarity of fossils is to be attributed to the porous 
 nature of the rock, which is unfavorable to their preservation. This porosity, however, subserves 
 a very useful purpose, as it renders this pre-eminently a water-bearing horizon, and supplies some 
 of the finest Artesian fountains in the state, and is competent to furnish many more. It occupies 
 but a narrow area at the surface, fringing that of the Lower Magnesian limestone on the south. 
 
 Trenton Limestone. 
 A slight change in the oceanic conditions caused a return to limestone formation, accompa- 
 nied with the deposit of considerable clayey material, which formed shale. The origin of the 
 limestone is made evident by a close examination of it, which shows it to be full of fragments of 
 shells, corals, and other organic remains, or the impressions they have left. Countless numbers 
 of the lower forms of life flourished in the seas, and left their remains to be comminuted and 
 consolidated into limestone. A part of the time, the accumulation of clayey matter predominated, 
 and so layers of shale alternate with the limestone beds, and shaly leaves and partings occur in 
 the limestone layers. Unlike the calcareous strata above and below, a portion of these are true 
 limestone, containing but a very small proportion ot magnesia. A sufficient amount of carbon- 
 aceous matter is present in some layers to cause them to burn readily. This formation is quite 
 highly metalliferous in certain portions of the lead region, containing zinc especially, and con- 
 siderable lead, with less quantities of other metals. The formation abounds in fossils, inany of 
 them well preserved, and, from their great antiquity, they possess uncommon interest. All the 
 animal sub-kingdoms, except vertebrates, are represented. The surface area of this rock borders 
 the St. Peter's sandstone, but, to avoid too great complexity on the map, it is not distinguished from 
 the next formation to which it is closely allied. Its tliickness reaches 120 feet. 
 
 The Galena Limestone. 
 
 With scarcely a change of oceanic conditions, limestone deposit continued, so that we find 
 reposing upon the surface of the Trenton limestone, 250 feet, or less, of a light gray or buff 
 colored highly magnesian limestone, occurring in heavy beds, and having a sub-crystalline struc- 
 ture. In the southern portion of the state, it contains but little shaly matter, but in the north- 
 eastern part, it is modified by the addition of argillaceous layers and leaves, and presents a bluish 
 or greenish-gray aspect. It receives its name from the sulphide of lead, — galena, of which it 
 contains large quantities, in the southwestern part of the state. Zinc ore is also abundant, and 
 these minerals give to this and the underlying formation great importance in that region. Else- 
 where, although these ores are present in small quantities, they have not developed economic 
 importance. This limestone, though changing its nature, as above stated, occupies a large area in 
 the southwestern part of the state, and a broad north and south belt in east-central Wisconsin. 
 It will be seen that our island is growing apace by concentric additions, and that, as the several 
 formations sweep around the central nucleus of Archaean rocks, they swing off into adjoining 
 states, whose formation was somewhat more tardy than that of Wisconsin 
 
118 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Cincinnati Shales. 
 
 A change ensued upon the formation of the Galena limestone, by virtue of which there fol- 
 lowed the deposition of large quantities of clay, accompanied by some calcareous material, the 
 whole reaching at some points a thickness of more than 200 feet. I'he sediment has never 
 become more than partially indurated, and a portion of it is now only a bed of compact clay. 
 Other portions hardened to shale or limestone according to the material. The shales are of 
 various gray, green, blue, purple and other hues, so that where vertical cliffs are exposed, as along 
 Green bay, a beautiful appearance is presented. As a whole, this is a very soft formation, and 
 hence easily eroded. Owing to this fact, along the east side of the Green-bay-Rock-river val- 
 ley, it has been extensively carried away, leaving the hard overlying Niagara limestone projecting 
 in the bold cliffs known as "The Ledge." The prominence of the mounds in the southwestern 
 part of the state are due to a like cause. Certain portions of this formation abound in astonish- 
 ing numbers of well preserved fossils, among which corals, bryozoans, and brachiopods, pre- 
 dominate, the first named being especially abundant. A little intelligent attention to these might 
 have saved a considerable waste of time and means in an idle search for coal, to which a slight 
 resemblance to some of the shales of the coal measures has led. This formation underlies the 
 mounds of the lead region, and forms a narrow belt on the eastern margin of the Green-bay-Rock- 
 river valley. This was the closing periud of the Lower Silurian Age. 
 
 Clinton Iron Ure. 
 
 On the surface of the shales just described, there were accumulated, here and there, beds of pecu- 
 liar lenticular iron ore. It is probable that it was deposited in detached basins, but the evidence 
 of this is not conclusive. In our own state, this is chiefly known as Iron Ridge ore, from the 
 remarkable development it attains at that point. It is made up of little concretions, which from 
 their size and color are fancied to resemble flax seed, and hence the name " seed ore," or the 
 roe of fish, and hence oolitic ore. "Shot ore" is also a common term. This ii a soft ore occur- 
 ring in regular horizontal beds which are quarried with more ease than ordinary limestone. This 
 deposit attains, at Iron Ridge, the unusual thickness of twenty-five feet, and affords a readily 
 accessible supply of ore, adequate to all demands for a long time to come. Similar, but much 
 less extensive beds, occur at Hartford, and near Depere, besides some feeble deposits elsewhere. 
 Large quantities of ore from Iron Ridge have been sh pped to various points in this and neigh- 
 boring States for reduction, in addition to that sme ted in the vicinity of the mines. 
 
 Niagara Limestone. 
 
 Following the period of iron deposit, there ensued the greatest limestone-forming era in the 
 history of Wisconsin. During its progress a series of beds, summing up, at their points of great- 
 est thickness, scarcely less thin eight hundred feet, were laid down. The process of formation 
 was essentially that already described, the accumulation of t le calcareous secretions of marine 
 life. Toward the close of the period, reefs appeared, that closely resemble the coral reefs of the 
 present seas, and doubtless have a similar history. Corals form a very prominent element m the 
 life of this period, and with them were associated great numbers of moUusks, one of which 
 {Pentamerus oblongus) sometimes occurs in beds not unlike certain bivalves of to-day, and may 
 be said to have been the oyster of the Silurian seas. At certain points, thoss wonderful animals, 
 the stone lilies {Crinouis), grew in remarkable abundance, mounted on stems like a plant, yet 
 true animals. Those unique crustaceans, the trilobites, were conspicuous in numbers and variety, 
 while the gigantic cephalopods held sway over the life of the seas. In the vicinity of th.- reefs, 
 
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. 119 
 
 there seem to have been extensive calcareous sand flats and areas over which fine calcareous mud 
 settled, the former resulting in a pure granular dolomite, the latter in a compact close-textured 
 stone. The rock of the reefs is of very irregular structure. Of other portions of the formation, 
 some are coarse heavy beds, some fine, even-bedded, close-grained layers, and some, again, irregu- 
 lar, impure and cherty. All are highly magnesian, and some are among the purest dolomites 
 known. The Niagara limestone occupies a broad belt lying adjacent to Lake Michigan. 
 
 Lower Helderberg Limestone. 
 
 On Mud creek, near Milwaukee, there is found a thin-bedded slaty limestone, that is 
 believed to represent this period. It has neglected, however, to leave us an unequivocal record 
 of its history, as fossils are extremely rare, and its stratigraphical relations and lithographical 
 character are capable of more than one interpretation. Near the village of Waubeka in 
 Ozaukee county, there is a similar formation, somewhat more fossiliferous, that seems to repre- 
 sent the same period. The area which these occupy is very small and they play a most insignifi- 
 cant part in the geology of the state. They close the record of the Silurian age in Wisconsin. 
 During its progress the land had been gradually emerging from the ocean and increasing its. 
 amplitude by concentric belts of limestone, santJstone and shale. There had been no general 
 disturbance, only those slight oscillations which changed the nature of the forming rock and 
 facilitated deposition. At its close the waters retired from the borders of the state, and an 
 interval supervened, during which no additions are known to have been made to its substructure. 
 
 DEVONIAN AGE. 
 Hamilton Cement Rock. 
 
 After a lapse of time, daring which the uppermost Silurian and the lowest Devonian strata, 
 as found elsewhere, were formed, the waters again advanced slightly upon the eastern margin of 
 the state and deposited a magnesian limestone mingled with silicious and almuninous material, 
 forming a combination of which a portion has recently been shown to possess hydraulic 
 properties of a high degree of excellence. With this deposition there dawned a new era in the 
 life-history of Wisconsin. While multitudes of protozoans, radiates, mollusks and articulates 
 swarmed in the previous seasi no trace of a vertebrate has been found. The Hamilton period 
 witnessed the introduction of the highest type of the animal kingdom into the Wisconsin series. 
 But even then only the lowest class was represented — the fishes. The lower orders of life, as 
 before, were present, but the species were of the less ancient Devonian type. Precisely how far 
 the deposit originally extended is not now known, as it has undoubtedly been much reduced by 
 the eroding agencies that have acted upon it. That portion which remains, occupies a limited 
 area on the lake shore immediately north of Milwaukee, extending inland half a dozen miles. 
 The cement rock proper is found on the Milwaukee river just above the city. Ai the close of 
 the Hamilton period the oceanic waters retired, and, if they ever subsequently encroached upon 
 our territory, they have left us no permanent record of their intrusion. 
 
 The history of the formation of the substructure of the state was, it will be observed, in an 
 unusual degree, simple and progressive. Starting with a firm core of most ancient crj'stalline 
 rocks, leaf upon leaf of stony strata were piled around it, adding belt after belt to the margin of 
 'he growing island until it extended itself far beyond the limits of our state, and coalesced with 
 the forming continent. An ideal map of the state would show the .\rchasan nucleus surrounded 
 by concentric bands of the later formations in the order of their deposition. But during all the 
 
120 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 vast lapse of time consumed in their growth, the elements were gnawing, carving and channeling 
 the surface, and the outcropping edges of the formations were becoming more and more jagged, 
 and now, after the last stratum had been added, and the whole had been lifted from the waters 
 that gave it birth, there ensued perhaps a still vaster era, during which the history was simply 
 that of surface erosion. The face of the state became creased with the wrinkles of age. The 
 edges of her rocky wrappings became ragged with the wear of time. The remaining Devonian 
 periods, the great Carboniferous age, the Mesozoic era, and the earlier Tertiary periods passed, 
 leaving no other record than that f>f denudation. 
 
 THE GLACL-VL PERIOD. 
 
 With the approach of the great Ice Age, a new chapter was opened. An immense sheet of 
 ice moved slowly, but irresistibly, down from the north, planing down the prominences, filling up 
 the valleys, polishing and grooving the strata, and heaping up its rubbish of sand, gravel, clay and 
 bowlders over the face of the country. It engraved the lines of its progress on the rocks, and, by 
 reading these, we learn that one prodigious tongue of ice plowed along the bed of Lake Michi- 
 gan, and a smaller one pushed through the valley of Green bay and Rock river, while another 
 immense ice-stream flowed southwestward through the trough of Lake Superior and onward 
 into Minnesota. The diversion of the glacier through these great channels seems to have left 
 the southwestern portion of the state intact, and over it we find no drift accumulations. With 
 the approach of a warmer climate, the ice-streams were melted backward, leaving their debris 
 heaped promiscuously over the surface, giving it a new configuration. In the midst of this 
 retreat, a series of halts and advances seem to have taken place in close succession, by which the 
 drift was pushed up into ridges and hills along the foot of the ice, after which a more rapid 
 retreat ensued. The effect of this action was to produce that remarkable chain of drift hills and 
 ridges, known as the Kettle range, which we have already described as winding over the 
 surface of the state in a very peculiar manner. It is a great historic rampart, recording the 
 position of the edge of the glacier at a certain stage of its retreat, and doubtless at the same time 
 noting a great climatic or dynamic change. 
 
 The melting of the glacier gave rise to large quantities of water, and hence to numerous 
 torrents, as well as lakes. There occurred about this time a depression of the land to the north- 
 ward, which was perhaps the cause, in part or in whole, of the retreat of the ice. This gave 
 origin to the great lakes. The waters advanced somewhat upon the land and deposited the red 
 clay that borders Lakes Michigan and Superior and occupies the Green bay valley as far up as 
 the vicinity of Fond du Lac. After several oscillations, the lakes settled down into their present 
 positions. Wherever the glacier plowed over the land, it left an irregular sheet of commingled 
 clay, sand, gravel and bowlders spread unevenly over the surface. The depressions formed by 
 its irregularities soon filled with water and gave origin to nunierous lakelets. Probably not one 
 of the thousands of Wisconsin lakes had an existence before the glacial period. Wherever the 
 great lakes advanced upon the land, they leveled its surface and left their record in lacustine 
 clays and sandy beach lines. 
 
 With the retreat of the glacier, vegetation covered the surface, and by its aid and the action 
 of the elements our fertile drift soils, among the last and best of Wisconsin's formations, were 
 produced. And the work still goes on'. 
 
CLIMATOLOGY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 By Prof. H. H. OLDENHAGE. 
 
 The climate of a country, or that peculiar state of the atmosphere in regard to heat and 
 moisture which prevails in any given place, and which directly affects the growth of plants and 
 animals, is determined by the following causes : ist. Distance from the equator. 2d. Distance 
 from the sea. 3d. Height above the sea. 4th. Prevailing winds; and 5th. Local influences, 
 such as soil, vegetation, and pro.ximity to lakes and mountains. 
 
 Of these causes, the first; distance from the equator, is by far the most important. The 
 warmest climates are necessarily those of tropical regions where the sun's rays are vertical. But 
 in proceeding from the equator toward the poles, less and less heat continues to be received by 
 the same extent of surface, because the rays fall more and more obliquely, and the same amount 
 of heat-rays therefore spread over an increasing breadth of surface ; while, however, with the 
 increase of obliquity, more and more heat is absorbed by the atmosphere, as the amount of air 
 to be penetrated is greater. If the earth's surface were either wholly land or water, and its 
 atmosphere motionless, the gradations of climate would run parallel with the latitudes from the 
 equator to the poles. But owing to the irregular distribution of land and water, and the prevail- 
 ing winds, such an arrangement is impossible, and the determination of the real climate of a given 
 region, and its causes, is one of the most difficult problems of science. 
 
 On the second of these causes, distance from the sea, depends the difference between oce- 
 anic and continental climates. Water is more slowly heated and cooled than land ; the climates 
 of the sea and the adjacent land are therefore much more equable and moist than those of the 
 interior. 
 
 A decrease of temperature is noticeable in ascending high mountains. The rate at which 
 the temperature falls with the height above the sea is a very variable quantity, and is influenced 
 by a variety of causes, such as latitude, situation, moisture, or dryness, hour of the day and season 
 of the year. As a rough approximation, however, the fall of 1° of the thermometer for every 
 300 feet is usually adopted. 
 
 Air in contact with any part of the earth's surface, tends to acquire the temperature of that 
 surface. Hence, winds from the north are cold ; those from the south are warm. Winds from 
 the sea are moist, and winds from the land are usually dry. Prevailing winds are the result of 
 the relative distribution of atmospheric pressure blowing />w« places where the pressure is high- 
 est, toward places where it is lowest. As climate practically depends on the temperature and 
 moisture of the air, and as these again depend on the prevailing winds which come charged with 
 the temperature and moisture of the regions they have traversed, it is evident that charts show- 
 ing the mean pressure of the atmosphere give us the key to the climates of the different regions 
 of the world. The effect of prevailing winds is seen in the moist and equable climate of West- 
 ern Europe, especially Great Britain, owing to the warm and moist southwest winds; and in the 
 extremes of the eastern part of North America, due to the warm and moist winds prevailing in 
 summer and the Arctic blasts of winter. 
 
122 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Among local influences which modify climate, the nature of the soil is one of the most 
 important. As water absorbs much heat, wet, marshy ground usually lowers the mean tempera- 
 ture. A sandy waste presents the greatest extremes. The extremes of temperature are also modi- 
 fied by extensive forests, which prevent the soil from being as much warmed and cooled as it 
 would be if bare. Evaporation goes on more slowly under the trees, since the soil is screened 
 from the sun. And as the air among the trees is little agitated by the wind, the vapor is left to 
 accumulate, and hence the humidity of the air is increased. Climate is modified in a similar man- 
 ner by lakes and other large surfaces of water. During summer the water cools the air and 
 reduces the temperature of the locality. In winter, on the other hand, the opposite effect is pro- 
 duced. The surface water which is cooled sinks to lower levels ; the warmer water rising to the 
 surface, radiates heat into the air and thus raises the temperature of ihe neighboring region. 
 This influence is well illustrated, on a great scale, in our own state by Lake Michigan. 
 
 It is, lastly, of importance whether a given tract of country is diversified by hills, valleys and 
 mountains. Winds with their warm vapor strike the sides of mountains and are forced up into 
 higher levels of the atmosphere, where the vapor is condensed into clouds. Air coming in con- 
 tact, during the night or in winter, with the cooled declivities of hills and rising grounds becomes 
 cooled and consequently denser and sinks to the low-lying grounds, displacing the warmer and 
 lighter air. Hence, frosts often occur at these places, when no trace of them can be found at 
 higher levels. For the same reason the cold of winter is generally more intense in ravines and 
 valleys than on hill tops and high grounds, the valleys being a receptacle for the cold-air currents 
 which descend from all sides. These currents give rise to gusts and blasts of cold wind, which 
 are simply the out-rush of cold air from such basins. This is a subject of great practical impor- 
 tance to fruit-growers. 
 
 In order to understand the principal features of the climate of Wisconsin, and the conditions 
 on which these depend, it is necessary to consider the general climatology of the eastern United 
 States. The chief characteristic of this area as a whole is, that it is subject to great extremes — to 
 all those variations of temperature which prevail from the tropical to the Arctic regions. This 
 is principally due to the topographical conditions of our continent. The Rocky mountains con- 
 densing the moisture of the warm winds from the Pacific and preventing them from reaching far 
 inland, separate the climate of the Mississippi valley widely from that of the Pacific slope. Between 
 the Gulf of Mexico and the Arctic sea there is no elevation to exceed 2,000 feet to arrest the 
 flow of the hot southerly winds of summer, or the cold northerly winds of winter. From this 
 results a variation of temperature hardly equaled in any part of the world. 
 
 In determining the climates of the United States, western Europe is usually taken as the 
 basis of comparison. The contrast between these regions is indeed very great. New York is in 
 the same latitude with Madrid, Naples and Constantinople. Quebec is not so far north as Paris. 
 London and Labrador are equi-distant from the equator ; but while England, with her mild, moist 
 climate, produces an abundance of vegetation, in Labrador all cultivation ceases. In the latitude 
 of Stockholm and St. Petersburg, at the 6oth parallel, we find in eastern North America vast ice- 
 fields which seldom melt. The moist and equable climate of western Europe in high latitudes 
 is due to the Gulf Stream and the southwest winds of the Atlantic, which spread their warmth 
 and moisture over the western coast. Comparison, however, shows that the climate of the Pacific 
 coast of North America is quite as mild as that of western Europe ; and this is due to the same 
 kind of influences, namely, to the warm, moist winds and the currents of the Pacific. And to con- 
 tinue the comparisoii still further, in proceeding on both continents from west to east, or from 
 ocean into the interior, we find a general resemblance of climatic conditions, modified greatly, it 
 is true, by local influences. 
 
CLIMATOLOGY OF WISCONSIN. 12^ 
 
 The extreme summer climate of the eastern United States is owing to the southerly and 
 southwesterly wmds, which blow with great regularity during this season, and, after traversing 
 great areas of tropical seas, bear the warmth and moisture of these seas far inland, and give this 
 region the peculiar semi-tropical character of its summers. The average temperature of summer 
 varies between 80° for the Gulf states, and 60° for the extreme north. While in the Gulf states 
 the thermometer often rises to 100°, in the latitude of Wisconsin this occurs very seldom. During 
 winter the prevailing winds are from the northwest. These cold blasts from the Arctic sea are 
 deflected by the Rocky mountains, sweep down unopposed into lower latitudes, and produce all 
 the rigors of an arctic winter. The mean temperature for this season varies between 60° for the 
 Gulf coast and 15° for the extreme northern part of Wisconsin. In the northern part of the 
 valley the cold is sometimes so intense that the thermometer sinks to the freezing point of 
 mercury. 
 
 The extreme of heat and cold would give a continental climate if this extreme were not accom.. 
 panied by a profusion of rain. The southerly winds, laden with moisture, distribute this moist- 
 ure with great regularity over the valley. The amount of rainfall, greater in summer than in 
 winter, varies, from the Gulf of Mexico to Wisconsin, from 63 inches to 30 inches. On the At- 
 lantic coast, wliere the distribution is more equal throughout the year on account of its proximity 
 to the ocean, the amount varies, from Florida to Maine, from 63 to 40 inches. The atmospheric 
 movements on which, to a great extent, the climatic conditions of the eastern United States 
 depend, may be summed up as follows : 
 
 " I. That the northeast trades, deflected in their course to south and southeast winds in 
 their passage through the Carribean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, are the warm and moist winds 
 which communicate to the Mississippi valley and the Atlantic slope their fertility. 
 
 "2. That the prevalence of these winds from May to October communicates to this region 
 a sub-tropical climate. 
 
 "3. That in the region bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, the atmospheric disturbances are 
 propagated from south to north ; but in the northern and middle states, owing to a prevailing 
 upper current, from west to east. 
 
 " 4. That while this upper current is cool and dry, and we have the apparent anomaly of 
 rain storms traveling from west to east, at the same time the moisture supplying them comes from 
 the south. 
 
 "5. That, in the winter, the south and southeast winds rise into the upper current, while 
 the west and northwest winds descend and blow as surface winds, accompanied by an extraor. 
 dinary depression of temperature, creating, as it were, an almost arctic climate. 
 
 " 6. That the propagation of the cold winds from west to east is due to the existence of a 
 warmer and lighter air to the eastward. 
 
 "7. That in summer the westerly currents seldom blow with violence, because, in passing 
 over the heated plains, they acquire nearly the same temperature as the southerly currents, but in 
 winter the conditions are reversed." 
 
 The line of conflict of these aerial currents, produced by unequal atmospheric pressure, 
 shift so rapidly that the greatest changes of temperature, moisture, and wind, are experienced 
 within a few hours, these changes usually affecting areas of great extent. In the old world, on 
 the other hand, the mountain systems, generally running from east to west, offer an impediment, 
 especially to the polar currents, and the weather is therefore not so changeable. 
 
 Wisconsin, situated in the upper and central part of the Mississippi valley, is subject to the 
 same general climatic conditions which give this whole area its peculiar climate. 
 
 The highest mean summer temperature is 72° Fahrenheit in the southwestern part of the 
 
124 HISTORY OF WTSCON«IN. 
 
 state, and the lowest 64° at Bayfield, Lake Superior. During the months of June, July and 
 August, the thermometer often rises as higli as go'', seldom to 100°. In 1874 the mercury reached 
 this high point twice at LaCrosse, and three times at Dubuque, Iowa. There are usually two or 
 three of these "heated terms" during the summer, terminated by abrupt changes of temperature. 
 
 The isotherm of 70'' (an isotherm being a line connecting places having the same mean tem- 
 perature) enters this state from the west, in the northern part of Grant county, touches Madison, takes 
 a southerly direction through Walworth county, passes through southern Michigan, Cleveland, and 
 Pittsburg, reaching the Atlantic ocean a little north of New York city. From this it is seen that 
 southern Wisconsin, southern and central Michigan, northern Ohio, central Pennsylvania, and 
 southern New York have nearly the same summer temperature. Northwestward this line runs 
 through southern Minnesota and along the Missouri to the foot of the mountains. Eastern Ore- 
 gon, at 47° 30' north latitude, has the same average summer temperature ; the line then returns 
 and touches the Pacific coast at San Diego. 
 
 The remarkable manner in which so large a body of water as Lake Michigan modifies the 
 temperature has been carefully determined, so far as it relates to Wisconsin, by the late Dr. Lap- 
 ham, of Milwaukee. It is seen by the map that the average summer temperature of Racine is 
 the same as that of St. Paul. The weather map for July, 1875, '"^ ''^^ signal service report for 
 1876, shows that the mean temperature for July was the same in Rock county, in the southern 
 part of the state, as that of Breckenridge, Minn., north of St. Paul. The moderating effect of 
 the lake during hot weather is felt in the adjacent region during both day and night. 
 
 Countries in the higher latitudes having an extreme summer temperature are usually charac- 
 terized by a small amount of rain-fall. The Mississippi valley, however, is directly exposed in 
 spring and summer to the warm and moist winds from the south, and as these winds condense 
 their moisture by coming in contact with colder upper currents from the north and west, it has a 
 profusion of rain which deprives the climite largely of its continental features. As already 
 stated, the average amount of rain-fall in Wisconsin is about 30 inches annually. Of this amount 
 about one-eighth is precipitated in winter, three-eighths in summer, and the rest is equally dis- 
 tributed between spring and autumn — in other words, rain is abundant at the time of the year 
 when it is most needed. In Wisconsin the rainfall is greatest in the southwestern part of the 
 state; the least on and along the shore of Lake Michigan. This shows that the humidity of the 
 air of a given area can be greater, and the rainfall less, than that of some other. 
 
 In comparison with western Europe, even where the mean temperature is higher than in the 
 Mississippi valley, the most striking fact in the climatic conditions of the United States is the 
 great range of plants of tropical or sub-tropical origin, such as Indian corn, tobacco, etc. The 
 conditions on which the character of the vegetation depends are temperature and moisture, and 
 the mechanical and chemical composition of the soil. 
 
 "The basis of this great capacity (the great range of plants) is the high curve of heat and 
 moisture for the summer, and the fact that the measure of heat and of rain are almost or quite 
 tropical for a period in duration from one to five months, in the range from Quebec to the coast 
 of the Gulf." Indian corn attains its full perfection between the summer isotherms 72' and 77°, 
 in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas ; but it may be grown up to the line of 65 ", which includes 
 the whole of Wisconsin. The successful cultivation of this important staple is due to the mtense 
 heat of summer and a virgin soil rich in nitrogen. 
 
 While Milwaukee and central Wisconsin have a mean annual temperature of 45°, that of 
 southern Ireland and central England is 50"; the line of 72'', the average temperature for July, 
 runs from Walworth county to St. Paul, while during the same month Ireland and England have 
 a mean temperature of only 60°. In Wisconsin the thermometer rises as high as 90** and above, 
 
CLIMATOLOGY OF WISCONSIN. 125 
 
 while the range above the mean in England is very small. It is the tropical element of our sum- 
 mers, then, that causes tlie grape, the corn, etc., to ripen, while England, with a higher mean 
 temperature, is unable to mature them successfully. Ireland, where southern plants may remain 
 out-doors, unfrosted, the whole winter, can not mature those fruits and grasses which ripen in 
 Wisconsin. In England a depression of 2" below the mean of 60° will greatly reduce the quan- 
 tity, or prevent the ripening of wheat altogether, 60" being essential to a good crop. Wheat, re- 
 quiring a lower temperature than corn, is better adapted to the climate of Wisconsin. This grain 
 may be grown as far north as Hudson bay. 
 
 Autumn, including September, October and November, is of short duration in Wisconsin. 
 North of the 42d parallel, or the southern boundary line of the state, November belongs properly 
 to the winter months, its mean temperature being about 32°. The decrease of heat from August to 
 September is generally from 8" to 9"; 11° from September »o October, and 14° from October to 
 November. The average temperature for these three months is about 45°. A beautiful season, 
 commonly known as Indian summer, frequently occurs in the latter part of October and in No- 
 vember. This period is characterized by a mild temperature and a hazy, calm atmosphere. 
 According to Loomis, this appears to be due to " an uncommonly tranquil condition of the atmos- 
 phere, during which the air becomes filled with dust and smoke arising from numerous fires, by 
 which its transparency is greatly impaired." This phenomenon extends as far north as Lake 
 Superior, but it is more conspicuous and protracted in Kansas and Missouri, and is not observed 
 in the southern states. 
 
 Destructive frosts generally occur in September, and sometimes in August. " A. temperature 
 of 36° to 40° at sunrise is usually attended with frosts destructive to vegetation, the position of 
 the thermometer being usually such as to represent less than the actual refrigeration at the open 
 surface." In 1875, during October, at Milwaukee, the mercury fell seven times below the freez- 
 ing point, and twice below zero in November, the lowest being 14°. 
 
 The winters are generally long and severe, but occasionally mild and almost without snow. 
 The mean winter temperature varies between 23° in the southeastern part of the state, and 16° at 
 Ashland, m the northern. For this season the extremes are great. The line of 20° is of im- 
 portance, as it marks the average temperature which is fatal to the grawth of all the tender trees, 
 such as the pear and the peach. In the winter of 1875 and 1876, the mean temperature for De- 
 cember, January and February, in the upper lake region, was about 4° above the average mean 
 for many years, while during the previous winter the average temperature for January and Feb- 
 ruary was about 12° below the mean for many years, showing a great difference between cold and 
 mild winters. In the same winter, i875-'76, at Milwaukee, the thermometer fell only six times 
 below zero, the lowest being 12°, while during the preceding winter the mercury sank thirty-six 
 times below zero, the lowest being 23". In the northern and northwestern part of the state the 
 temperature sometimes falls to the freezing point of mercury. During the exceptionally cold 
 Winter of 1872-3, at La Crosse, the thermometer sank nearly fifty times below zero; on Decem- 
 ber 24, it indicated 37° below, and on January 18, 43° below zero, averaging about 12° below 
 the usual mean for those months. The moderating effect of Lake Michigan can be seen 
 by observing how the lines indicating the mean winter temperature curve northward as they 
 approach the lake. Milwaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Two Rivers, and the Grand Traverse 
 region of Michigan, have the same average wintei temperature. The same is true regarding 
 Galena, 111., Beloit, and Kewaunee. A similar influence is noticed in all parts of the state. Dr. 
 Lapham concludes that this is not wholly due to the presence of Lake Michigan, but that the 
 mountain range which extends froin a little west of Lake Superior to the coast of Labrador (from 
 1,100 to 2,240 feet high) protects the lake region in no inconsiderable degree from the excessire 
 cold of winter. 
 
126 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 According to the same authority, the time at which the Milwaukee river was closed wi h ice, 
 for a period of nine years, varied between November 15 and December i ; the time at which it 
 became free from ice, between March 3 and April 13. In the lake district, snow and rain are 
 interspersed through all the winter months, rain being sometimes as profuse as at any other sea- 
 son. In the northwestern part the winter is more rigid and dry. Northern New York and the 
 New England states usually have snow lying on the ground the whole winter, but in the southern 
 lake district it rarely remains so long. In i842-'43, however, sleighing commenced about the 
 middle of November, and lasted till about the same time in April — five months. 
 
 The average temperature for the three months of spring, March, April and May, from Wal- 
 worth county to St. Paul, is about 45°. In central Wisconsin the mean for March is about 27°, 
 which is an increase of nearly 7' from February. The lowest temperature of this month in 
 1876 was 40° above zero. April shows an average increase of about 9° over March. In 1876 
 the line of 45° for this month passed from LaCrosse to Evanston, 111., touching Lake Erie at 
 Toledo, showing that the interior west of Lake Michigan is warmer than the lake region. The 
 change from winter to spring is more sudden in the interior than in the vicinity of the lakes. 
 " In the town of Lisbon, fifteen miles from Lake Michigan," says Dr. Lapham, " early spring 
 flowers show themselves about ten days earlier than on the lake. In spring vegetation, in places 
 remote from the lakes, shoots up in a very short time, and flowers show their petals, while on the 
 lake shore the cool air retards them and brings them more gradually into existence." The in- 
 crease from April to May is about 15^. In May, 1876, Pembina and Milwaukee had nearly the 
 same mean temperature, about 55°. 
 
 The extremes of our climate and the sudden changes of temperature no doubt have a 
 marked influence, both physically and mentally, on the American people. And though a more 
 equable climate may be more conducive to perfect health, the great range of our climate from 
 arctic to tropical, and the consequent variety and abundance of vegetable products, combine to 
 make the Mississippi valley perhaps one of the most favorable areas in the world for the develop- 
 ■nent of a strong and wealthy nation. 
 
 During the months of summer, in the interior of the eastern United States, at least three- 
 fourths of the rain-fall is in showers usually accompanied by electrical discharges and limited to 
 small areas. But in autumn, winter, and spring nearly the whole precipitation takes place in 
 general storms extending over areas of 300, 500 and sometimes over 1,000 miles in diameter, and 
 generally lasting two or three days. An area of low atmospheric pressure causes the wind to blow 
 toward that area from all sides, and when the depression is sudden and great, it is accompanied 
 by much rain or snow. On account of the earth's rotation, the wind blowing toward this region 
 of low pressure IS deflected to the right, causing the air to circulate around the center with a 
 motion spirally inward. In our latitude the storm commences with east winds. When the storm 
 center, or area of lowest barometer, is to the south of us, the wind gradually veers, as the storm 
 passes from west to east with the ipper current, round to the northwest by the north point. 
 On the south side of the storm cei ' .-, the wind veers from southeast to southwest, by the south 
 point. The phenomena attending such a storm when we are in or near the part of its center are 
 usually as follows : After the sky has become overcast with clouds, the wind from the northeast 
 generally begins to rise and blows in the opposing direction to the march of the storm. The 
 clouds which are now moving over us, discharge rain or snow according to circumstances. The 
 barometer continues to fall, and the rain or snow is brought obliquely down from the northern 
 quarter by the prevailing wind. After a while the wind changes slightly in direction and then 
 ceases. The thermometer rises and the barometer has reached its lowest point. This is the center 
 of the storm. After the calm the wind has changed its direction to northwest or west. The 
 
CLIMATOLOGY OF "WISCONSIN. 127 
 
 wind blows again, usually more violently than before, accompanied by rain or snow, which is now 
 generally of short duration. The sky clears, and the storm is suddenly succeeded by a tempera, 
 ture lo or 20 degrees below the mean. Most of the rain and snow falls with the east winds, or 
 before the center passes a given point. The path of these storms is from west to east, or nearly 
 so, and only seldom in other directions. These autumn, winter, and spring rains are generally 
 first noticed on the western plains, but may originate at any point along their path, and move 
 eastward with an average velocity of about 20 miles an hour in summer and 30 miles in winter, 
 but sometimes attaining a velocity of over 50 miles, doing great damage on the lakes. In pre- 
 dicting these storms, the signal service of the army is of incalculable practical benefit, as well 
 as in collecting data for scientific conclusions. 
 
 A subject of the greatest importance to every inhabitant of Wisconsin is the influence of 
 forests on climate and the effects of disrobing a county of its trees. The general influence of 
 forests in modifying the extremes of temperature, retarding evaporation and the increased 
 humidity of the air, has already been mentioned. That clearing the land of trees increases the 
 temperature of the ground in summer, is so readily noticed that it is scarcely necessary to men- 
 tion it ; while in winter the sensible cold is never so e.xtreme in woods as on an open surface 
 exposed to the full force of the winds. " The lumbermen in Canada and the northern United 
 States labor in the woods without inconvenience; when the mercury stands many degrees below 
 zero, while in the open grounds, with only a moderate breeze, the same temperature is almost 
 insupportable." " In the state of Michigan it has been found that the winters have greatly 
 increased in severity within the last forty years, and that this increased severity seems to move 
 along even-paced with the destruction of the forests. Thirty years ago the peach was one of the 
 most abundant fruits of that State; at that time frost, injurious to corn at any time from May to 
 October, was a thing unknown. Now the peach is an uncertain crop, and frost often injures the 
 corn.'' The precise influence of forests on temperature may not at present admit of definite solu- 
 tion, yet the mechanical screen which they furnish to the soil often far to the leeward of them, 
 is sufficiently established, and this alone is enough to encourage extensive planting wherever this 
 protection is wanting. 
 
 With regard to the quantity of rain-fall, "we can not positively affirm that the total annual 
 quantity of rain is even locally diminished or increased by the destruction of the woods, though 
 both theoretical considerations and the balance of testimony strongly favor the opinion that more 
 rain falls in wooded than in open countries. One important conclusion, at least, upon the 
 meteorological influence of forests is certain and undisputed : the proposition, namely, that, 
 within their own limits, and near their own borders, they maintain a more uniform degree of 
 humidity in the atmosphere than is observed in cleared grounds. Scarcely less can it be 
 questioned that they tend to promote the frequency of showers, and, if they do not augment the 
 amount of precipitation, they probably equalize its distribution through the different seasons." 
 
 There is abundant and undoubted evidence that the amount of water existing on the surface 
 in lakes and rivers, in many parts of the world, is constantly diminishing. In Germany, observa- 
 tions of the Rhine, Oder, Danube, and the Elbe, in the latter case going back for a period of 142 
 years, demonstrate beyond doubt, that each of these rivers has much decreased in volume, and 
 there is reason to fear that they will eventually disappear from the list of navigable rivers. 
 
 " The ' Blue-Grass ' region of Kentucky, once the pride of the West, has now districts of 
 such barren and arid nature that their stock farmers are moving toward the Cumberland mount- 
 ains, because the creeks and old springs dried up, and their wells became too low to furnish 
 water for their cattle." In our own state "such has been the change in the flow of the Milwau- 
 
128 HISTORY OF WISCOIv^SIN. 
 
 kee river, even while the area from which it receives its supply is but partially cleared, that the 
 proprietor? 01* most of the mills and factories have found it necessary to resort to the use of 
 steam, at a largely increased yearly cost, to supply the deficiency of water-power in dry seasons 
 of the year." " What has happened to the Milwaukee river, has happened to all the other water 
 courses in the state from whose banks the forest has been removed ; and many farmers who 
 selected land uqon which there was a living brook of clear, pure water, now find tliese brooks 
 dried up during a considerable portion of the year.' 
 
 Districts stripped of their forest are said to be more exposed than before to loss of harvests, 
 to droughts and frost. " Hurricanes, before unknown, sweep unopposed over the regions thus 
 denuded, carrying terror and devastation in their track." Parts of Asia Minor, North Africa, 
 and other countries bordering on the Mediterranean, now almost deserts, were once densely 
 populated and the granaries of the world. And there is good reason to believe " that it is the 
 destruction of the forests which has produced this devastation." From such facts Wisconsin, 
 already largely robbed of its forests, should take warning before it is too late. 
 
 TREES, SHRUBS AND VINES. 
 
 By p. R. hoy, M.D. 
 
 It is not the purpose of this article to give a botanical description, but merely brief notes on 
 the economical value of the woods, and the fitness of the various indigenous trees, shrubs and 
 vines for the purpose of ornament, to be found in Wisconsin. 
 
 White Oak — Quercus Alba. — This noble tree is the largest and most important of the 
 American oaks. The excellent properties of the wood render it eminently valuable for a great 
 variety of uses. Wherever strength and durability are required, the white oak stands in the first 
 rank. It is employed in making wagons, coaches and sleds ; staves and hoops of the best quality 
 for barrels and casks are obtained from this tree; it is extensively used in architecture, ship- 
 building, etc.; vast quantities are used for fencmg ; the bark is employed in tanning. The domes- 
 tic consumption of this tree is so great that it is of the first importance to preserve the young 
 trees wherever it is practicable, and to make young plantations where the tree is not found. The 
 white oak is a graceful, ornamental tree, and worthy of particular attention as such ; found abun- 
 dantly in most of the timbered districts. 
 
 Burr Oak— (2- Macrocarpa. — This is perhaps the most ornamental of our oaks. Nothing 
 can exceed the graceful beauty of these trees, when not crowded or cramped in their growth, but 
 left free to follow the laws of their development. Who has not admired these trees in our exten- 
 sive burr oak openings .? The large leaves are a dark green above and a bright silvery white 
 beneath, which gives the tree a singularly fine appearance when agitated by the wind. The wood 
 is tough, close-grained, and more durable than the white oak, especially when exposed to frequent 
 changes of moisture and drying; did the tree grow to the same size, it would be preferred for 
 most uses. Abundant, and richly worthy of cultivation, both for utility and ornament. 
 
 Swamp White Oak — Q. Bicolor. — Is a valuable and ornamental tree, not quite so large or 
 as common as the burr oak. The wood is close-grained, durable, splits freely, and is well worthy 
 of cultivation in wet, swampy grounds, where it will thrive. 
 
 Post Oak — Q. Obtusiloba. — Is a scraggy, small tree, found sparingly in this state. The tim- 
 ber is durable, and makes good fuel. Not worthy of cultivation. 
 
TREES. SHRUBS AND VINES. 129 
 
 Swamp Chestnut Oak — Q. Prinus. — This species of chestnut oak is a large, graceful 'tree, 
 wood rather open-grained, yet valuable for most purposes to which the oaks are applied ; makes 
 the best fuel of any of this family. A rare tree, found at Janesville and Brown's lake, near Bur- 
 lington. Worthy of cultivation. 
 
 Red Oak — Q. Rubra. — The red oak is a well-known, common, large tree. The wood is 
 coarse-grained, and the least durable of the oaks, nearly worthless for fuel, and scarcely worthy 
 of cultivation, even for ornament. 
 
 Pin Oak — Q. Palusiris. — This is one of the most common trees in many sections of the 
 • state. The wood is of little value except for fuel. The tree is quite ornamental, and should be 
 sparingly cultivated for this purpose. 
 
 Shingle Oak — Q. Imbricaria. — Is a tree of medium size, found sparingly as far north as 
 Wisconsin. It is ornamental, and the wood is used for shingles and staves. 
 
 Scarlet Oak — Q. Coccirica. — This is an ornamental tree, especially in autumn, when its 
 leaves turn scarlet, hence the name. Wood of little value ; common. 
 
 Sugar Maple — Acer Sacchariuni. — This well-known and noble tree is found growing abun- 
 dantly in many sections of the state. The wood is close-grained and susceptible of a beautiful 
 polish, which renders it valuable for many kinds of furniture, more especially the varieties known 
 as bird's-eye and curled maples. The wood lacks the durability of the oak ; consequently is not 
 valuable for purposes where it will be exposed to the weather. For fuel it ranks next to hickory. 
 The sugar manufactured from this tree affords no inconsiderable resource for the comfort and 
 even wealth of many sections of the northern states, especially those newly settled, where it 
 would be difficult and expensive to procure their supply from a distance. As an ornamental tree 
 it stands almost at the head of the catalogue. The foliage is beautiful, compact, and free from 
 the attacks of insects. It puts forth its yellow blossoms early, and in the autumn the leaves 
 change in color and show the most beautiful tints of red and yellow long before they fall. Worthy 
 of especial attention for fuel and ornament, and well adapted to street-planting. 
 
 Red Maple — A. Ritbrum. — Is another fine maple of more rapid growth than the foregoing 
 species. With wood rather lighter, but quite as valuable for cabinet-work — for fuel not quite so 
 good. The young trees bear transplanting even better than other maples. Though highly orna- 
 mental, this tree hardly equals the first-named species. It puts forth, in early spring, its scarlet 
 blossoms before a leaf has yet appeared. Well adapted to street-planting. 
 
 Mountain Maple — A. Spicatum. — Is a small branching tree, or rather shrub, found grow- 
 ing in clumps. Not worthy of much attention. 
 
 Silver Maple — A. Dasycarpum. — This is a common tree growing on the banks of streams, 
 especially in the western part of the state, grown largely for ornament, yet for the purpose it is 
 the least valuable of the maples. The branches are long and straggling, and so brittle that they 
 are liable to be injured by winds. 
 
 Box Maple — Negundo Acerou/es.— This tree is frequently called box elder. It is of a rapid 
 growth and quite ornamental. The wood is not much used in the arts, but is good fuel. Should 
 be cultivated. It grows on Sugar and Rock rivers. 
 
 White Elm — Ulmiis Americana. — This large and graceful tree stands confessedly at the 
 head of the list of ornamental deciduous trees. Its wide-spreading branches and long, pendu- 
 lous branchlets form a beautiful and conspicuous head. It grows rapidly, is free from disease 
 and the destructive attacks of insects, will thrive on most soils, and for planting along streets, in 
 public grounds or lawns, is unsurpassed by any American tree. The wood is but little used in 
 the arts; makes good firewood ; should be planted along all the roads and streets, near every 
 dwelling, and on all public grounds. 
 
^^^ HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Slippery Elm — V. Fulva. — This smaller and less ornamental species is also common. The 
 wood, however, is much more valuable than the white elm, being durable and splitting readily. 
 It makes excellent rails, and is much used for the framework of buildings ; valuable for fuel; 
 should be cultivated. 
 
 Wild Black Cherry — Cerasus Serotimi. — This large and beautiful species of cherry is one 
 of the most valuable of American trees. The wood is compact, fine-grained, and of a brilliant 
 reddish color, not liable to warp, or shrink and swell with atmospheric changes; extensively cm- 
 ployed by cabinet-makers for every species of furnishing. It is exceedingly durable, hence is 
 valuable for fencing, building, etc. Richly deserves a place in the lawn or timber plantation. 
 
 Bird Cherry — C. PennsylviDiica. — Is a small northern species, common in the state and 
 worthy of cultivation for ornament. 
 
 Choke Cherry — C. Virginiana. — This diminutive tree is of little value, not worth the trouble 
 of cultivation. 
 
 Wild Plum — Pninus Americana. — The common wild plum when in full bloom is one of the 
 most ornamental of small flowering trees, and as such should not be neglected. The fruit is 
 rather agreeable, but not to be compared to fine cultivated varieties, which may be engrafted on 
 the wild stock to the very best advantage. It is best to select small trees, and work them on the 
 roots. The grafts should be inserted about the middle of April. 
 
 Hackberry — CeltisOccidentalis. — This is an ornamental tree of medium size ; wood hard, 
 close-grained and elastic ; makes the best of hoops, whip-stalks, and thills for carriages. The 
 Indians formerly made great use of the hackbeiry wood for their bows. A tree worthy of a lim- 
 ited share of attention. 
 
 American Linden or Basswood — Tiiia Ameyicana. — Is one of the finest ornamental trees for 
 public grounds, parks, etc., but will not thrive where the roots are exposed to bruises ; for this 
 reason it is not adapted to planting along the streets of populous towns. The wood is light and 
 tough, susceptible of being bent to almost any curve ; durable if kept from the weather ; takes 
 paint well, and is considerably used in the arts ; for fuel it is of little value. This tree will 
 flourish in almost any moderately rich, damp soil; bears transplanting well; can be propagated 
 readily from layers. 
 
 White Thorn — Crataegus Coccima, and Dotted Thorn — C. Punctata. — These two species 
 of thorn are found everywhere on the rich bottom lands. When in bloom they are beautiful, and 
 should be cultivated for ornament. The wood is remarkably compact and hard, and were it not 
 for the small size of the tree, would be valuable. 
 
 Crab Apple — Pyrus Coroiiaria. — This common small tree is attractive when covered with 
 its highly fragrant rose-colored blossoms. Wood hnid, fine, compact grain, but the tree is too 
 small for the wood to be of much practical value. Well worthy of a place in extensive grounds. 
 
 Mountain Ash — P. Americana.- — This popular ornament to our yards is found growing in 
 the northern part of the state and as far south as 43°. The wood is useless. 
 
 White Ash — Fraxinus Acuminata. — Is a large, in'teresting tree, which combines utility with 
 beauty in an eminent degree. The wood possesses strength, suppleness and elasticity, which 
 renders it valuable for a great variety of uses. It is extensively employed in carriage manufact- 
 uring; for various agricultural implements ; is esteemed superior to any other wood for oars; 
 excellent for fuel. The white ash grows rapidly, and in open ground forms one of the most 
 lovely trees that is to be found. The foliage is clean and handsome, and in autumn turns from 
 its bright green to a violet purple hue, which adds materially to the beauty of our autumnal syl- 
 van scenery. It is richly deserving our especial care and protection, and will amply repay all 
 labor and expense bestowed on its cultivation. 
 
TREES, SHRUBS AND VINES. 131 
 
 Black Ash — F Sambucifolia. — This is another tall, graceful and well-known species of ash. 
 The wood is used for making baskets, hoops, etc. ; when thoroughly dry, affords a good article of 
 fuel. Deserves to be cultivated in low, rich, swampy situations, where more useful trees will not 
 thrive. 
 
 Black Walnut — Juglans Nigra. — This giant of the rich alluvial bottom lands claims 
 special attention for its valuable timber. It is among the most durable and beautiful of Ameri- 
 can woods ; susceptible of a fine polish ; not liable to shrink and swell by heat and moisture. 
 It is extensively employed by the cabinet-makers for every variety of furniture. Walnut forks, 
 are frequently found which rival in richness and beauty the far-famed mahogany. This tree, 
 in favorable situations, grows rapidly ; is highly ornamental, and produces annually an abundant 
 crop of nuts. 
 
 Butternut — /. Cinerea. — This species of walnut is not as valuable as the above, yet for its 
 
 beauty, and the durability of its wood, it should claim a small portion of attention. The wood 
 
 is rather soft for most purposes to which it otherwise might be applied. When grown near 
 
 _ streams, or on moist side-hills, it produces regularly an ample crop of excellent nuts. It grows 
 
 rapidly. 
 
 Shell-Bark Hickory — Carya Alba. — This, the largest and finest of American hickories, 
 grows abundantly throughout the state. Hickory wood possesses probably the greatest strength 
 and tenacity of any of our indigenous trees, and is used for a variety of purposes , but, 
 unfortunately, it is liable tolse eaten by worms, and lacks durability. For fuel, the shell-bark 
 hickory stands unrivaled. The tree is ornamental and produces every alternate year an ample 
 crop of the best of nuts. 
 
 Shag-Bark Hickory — C. Inclata. — Is a magnificent tree, the wood of which is nearly as 
 valuable as the above. The nuts are large, thick-shelled and coarse, not to be compared to the 
 C. alba. A rare tree in Wisconsin ; abundant further south. 
 
 Pignut Hickory — C. Glabra. — This species possesses all the bad and but few of the good 
 qualities of the shell-bark. The nuts are smaller and not so good. The tree should be pre- 
 served and cultivated in common with the shell-bark. Not abundant. 
 
 BiTTERNUT — C. Amara. — Is an abundant tree, valuable for fuel, but lacking the strength and 
 elasticity of the preceding species. It is, however, quite as ornamental as any of the hickories. 
 
 Red Beech — Fagus Ferruginea. — This is a common tree, with brilliant, shining light-green 
 leaves, and long, flexible branches. It is highly ornamental, and should be cultivated for this 
 purpose, as well as for its useful wood, which is tough, close-grained and compact. It is much 
 used for plane-stocks, tool handles, etc., and as an article of fuel is nearly equal to maple. 
 
 Water Beech — Carpinus Americana. — Is a small tree, called hornbeam by many. The 
 wood is exceedingly hard and compact, but the small size of the tree renders it almost 
 useless. 
 
 Iron Wood — Ostrya Virginica. — This small tree is found disseminated throughout most of 
 our woodlands. It is, to a considerable degree, ornamental, but of remarkably slow growth. The 
 wood possesses valuable properties, being heavy and strong, as the name would indicate ; yet, 
 from its small size, it is of but little use. 
 
 Balsam Poplar — Populus Candicatis. — This tree is of medium size, and is known by sev- 
 eral names: Wild balm of Gilead, cottonwood, etc. It grows in moist, sandy soil, on river bot- 
 toms. It has broad, heart-shaped leaves, which turn a fine yellow after the autumn frosts. It 
 grows more rapidly than any other of our trees ; can be transplanted with entire success when 
 eight or nine inches in diameter, and makes a beatiful shade tree — the most ornamental of pop- 
 lars. The wood is soft, spongj^ and nearly useless. 
 
132 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Quaking Aspen — P. Tremuloides. — Is a well-known, small tree. It is rather ornamental, 
 but scarcely worth cultivating. 
 
 Large Aspen — P. Grandidentata.- — Is the largest of our poplars. It frequently grows to 
 the height of sixty or seventy feet, with a diameter of two and one-half feet. The wood is soft, 
 easily split, and used for frame buildings. It is the most durable of our poplars. 
 
 Cotton Wood — P. Mo7ioHfera. — This is the largest of all the poplars ; abundant on the 
 Mississippi river. Used largely for fuel on the steamboats. The timber is of but little use in 
 the arts. 
 
 Sycamore or Buttonwood — Platanus Occidentalis. — This, the largest and most majestic 
 of our trees, is found growing only on the rich alluvial river bottoms. The tree is readily 
 known, even at a considerable distance, by its whitish smooth branches. The foliage is large 
 and beautiful, and the tree one of the most ornamental known. The wood speedily decays, and 
 when sawed into lumber warps badly; on these accounts it is but little used, although susceptible 
 of a fine finish. As an article of fuel it is of inferior merit. 
 
 Canoe Birch — Betula Papyracea. — Is a rather elegant and interesting tree. It grows abund- 
 antly in nearly every part of the state. The wood is of a fine glossy grain, susceptible of a good • 
 finish, but lacks durability and strength, and, therefore, is but little used in the mechanical arts. 
 For fuel it is justly prized. It bears transplanting without difficulty. The Indians manufacture 
 their celebrated bark canoes from the bark of this tree. 
 
 Cherry Birch — B. Lenta. — This is a rather large, handsome tree, growing along streams. 
 Leaves and bark fragrant. Wood, fine-grained, rose-colored ; used largely by the cabinet- 
 makers. 
 
 Yellow Birch — B. Liitea. — This beautiful tree occasionally attains a large size. It is 
 highly ornamental, and is of value for fuel; but is less prized than the preceding species for cab- 
 inet work. 
 
 Kentucky Coffee Tree — Gymnocladus Canadensis. — This singularly beautiful tree is only 
 found sparingly, and on rich alluvial lands. I met with it growing near the Peccatonica, in 
 Green county. The wood is fine-grained, and of a rosy hue ; is exceedingly durable, and well 
 worth cultivating. 
 
 June Berry — Amelanchier Canadensis. — Is a small tree which adds materially to the beauty 
 of our woods in early spring, at which time it is in full bloom. The wood is of no particular 
 value, and the tree interesting only when covered with its white blossoms. 
 
 White Pine — Pinus Strofus. — This is the largest and most valuable of our indigenous pines. 
 The wood is soft, free from resin, and works easily. It is extensively employed in the mechan- 
 ical arts. It is found in great profusion in the northern parts of the state. This species is 
 readily known by the leaves being wi fives. It is highly ornamental, but in common with all 
 pines, will hardly bear transplanting. Only small plants should be moved. 
 
 Norway or Red Pine — P. Resinosa, and Yellow Pine — P. Mitis. — These are two large 
 trees, but little inferior in size to the white pine. The wood contains more resin, and is conse- 
 quently more durable. The leaves of both these species are in tivos. Vast quantities of lumber 
 are yearly manufactured from these two varieties and the white pine. The extensive pineries 
 of the state are rapidly diminishing. 
 
 Shrub Pine — P. Banksiana. — Is a small, low tree ; only worthy of notice here for the orna- 
 mental shade it produces. It is found in the northern sections of the state. 
 
 Balsam Fir — Abies Balsamea. — This beautiful evergreen is multiplied to a great extent on 
 the shores of Lake Superior, where it grows forty or fifty feet in height. The wood is of but 
 
'XBEES, SHRUBS AND VINES. 133 
 
 little value The balsam of fir, or Canadian balsam, is obtained from this tree. 
 
 Double Spruce — A. Ntgr-a. — This grows in the same localities with the balsam fir, and 
 assumes the same pyramidal form, but is considerably larger. The wood is light and possesses 
 considerable strength and elasticity, which renders it one of the best materials for yard's and top- 
 masts for shippmg. It is extensively cultivated for ornament. 
 
 Hemlock — A. Canadensis. — The hemlock is the largest of the genus. It is gracefully orna- 
 mental, but the wood is of little value. The baik is extensively employed in tanning. 
 
 Tamarack — Larix Americana. — This beautiful tree grows abundantly in swampy situations 
 throughout the state. It is no": quite an evergreen It drops its leaves in winter, but quickly 
 recovers them in early spring. The wood is remarkably durable and valuable for a variety of 
 uses. The tree grows rapidly, and can be successfully cultivated in peaty situations, where other 
 trees would not thrive. 
 
 Arbor Vit^ — Thuja Occidentalis. — This tree is called the white or flat cedar. It grows 
 abundantly in many parts of the state. The wood is durable, furnishing better fence posts than 
 any other tree, excepting the red cedar. Shingles and staves of a superior quality are obtained 
 from these trees. A beautiful evergreen hedge is made from the young plants, which bear trans- 
 planting better than most evergreens. It will grow on most soils if sufficiently damp. 
 
 Red Cedar — Junipcrus Virginiana. — Is a well known tree that furnishes those celebrated 
 fence posts that " last forever." The wood is highly ftragrant, of a rich red color, and fine 
 grained ; hence it is valuable for a variety of uses. It should be extensively cultivated. 
 
 Dwarf Juniper — /. SalH?ia. — This is a low trailing shrub. Is conside'ably j)rized foi 
 ornament. Especially worthy of cultivation in large grounds. 
 
 Sassafras — Sassafras officinale. — Is a small tree of fine appearance, with fragrant leaves 
 bark. Grows in Kenosha county. Should be cultivated. 
 
 Willows. — There are many species of willows growing in every part of the state, seveml of 
 which are worthy of cultivation near streams and ponds. 
 
 White Willow — Salix alba. — Is a fine tree, often reaching sixty feet in height. The wood 
 is soft, and makes the best charcoal ior the manufacture of gun-powder. Grows rapidly. 
 
 Black Willow — 6". Nigra. — This is also a fine tree, but not quite so large as the foregoing. 
 It is used for similar purposes. 
 
 There are many shrubs and vines indigenous to the state worthy of note. I shall, however, 
 call attention to only a few of the best. 
 
 Dogwoods. — There are several species found in our forests and thickets. All are ornamen- 
 tal when covered with a profusion of white blossoms. I would especially recommend : corns 
 sericea, C. stolonifera, C. paniculata, and C. alterni/olia. All these will repay the labor of trans- 
 planting to ornamental grounds. 
 
 ViBURNU.MS. — These are very beautiful. 'Wshavs viburnum Unlago, V. pruni/olium, V.nudum^ 
 V. deniatum, V. pubescens, V. acerifolium., V. pauciflorum, and V. opulus. The last is known as 
 the cranberry tree, and is a most beautiful shrub when in bloom, and also when covered with its. 
 red, acid fruit. The common snow-ball tree is a cultivated variety of the V. opulus. 
 
 Witch Hazel — Hamamelis Virginica. — Is an interesting, tall shrub that flowers late in 
 autumn, when the leaves are falling, and matures the fruit the next summer. It deserves more 
 attention than it receives. 
 
 Burning Bush — Euonymus atropurpureus. — This fine shrub is called the American straw- 
 berry, and is exceedingly beautiful when covered with its load of crimson fruit, which remains 
 during winter. 
 
134 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Sumach — Rhus typhina. — Is a tall shrub, 11 known, but seldom cultivated. When well 
 grown it is ornamental and well adapted for planting in clumps. 
 
 Hop Tree — Piclea trifoliata. — This is a showy shrub with shining leaves, which should be 
 cultivated. Common in rich, alluvial ground. 
 
 Bladder Nut — Staphylea trifolia. — Is a fine, upright, showy shrub, found sparingly all over 
 the state. Is ornamental, with greenish striped branches and showy leaves. 
 
 Vines. 
 
 Virginia Creeper — Ampelopds quinquefolia. — This is a noble vine, climbing extensively by 
 disc-bearing tendrils, so well known as to require no eulogy. Especially beautiful in its fall 
 colors. 
 
 Bitter Sweet — Celastrus scandens. — Is a stout twining vine, which would be an ornament to 
 any grounds. In the fall and early winter it is noticeable for its bright fruit. Common. 
 
 ■ Yellow Honeysuckle — Lonicera flava. — Is a fine native vine, which is found climbing over 
 tall shrubs and trees. Ornamental. There are several other species of honeysuckle ; none, how- 
 ever, worthy of special mention. 
 
 Frost Grape — Vita cordifolia. — This tall-growing vine has deliciously sweet blossoms, 
 which perfume the air for a great distance around. For use as a screen, this hardy species will 
 be found highly satisfactory. 
 
 FAUNA OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Bv P. R. HOY, M.D. 
 FISH AND FISH CULTURE. 
 
 Fish are cold blooded aquatic vertebrates, having fins as organs of progression. They have 
 a two-chambered heart; their bodies are mostly covered with scales, yet a few are entirely naked, 
 like catfish and eels ; others again are covered with curious plates, such as the sturgeon. Fish 
 inhabit both salt and fresh water. It is admitted by all authority that fresh-water fish are more 
 universally edible than those inhabiting the ocean. Marine fish are said to be more highly 
 flavored than those inhabiting fresh waters ; an assertion I am by no means prepared to admit. 
 As a rule, fish are better the colder and purer the water in which they are found, and where can 
 you find those ccnditions more favorable than in the cold depths of our great lakes .? We have 
 tasted, under the most favorable conditions, about every one of the celebrated salt-water fish, and 
 can say that whoever eats a whitefish just taken from the pure, cold water of Lake Michigan will 
 have no reason to be envious of the dwellers by the sea. 
 
 Fish are inconceivably prolific; a single female deposits at one spawn from one thousand to 
 one million eggs, varying according to species. 
 
 Fish aiTord a valuable article of food for man, being highly nutritious and easy of digestion ; 
 they abound in phosphates, hence are valuable as affording nutrition to the osseous and nervous sys- 
 tem, hence they have been termed, not inappropriately, brain food — certainly a very desirable article 
 of diet for some people. They are more savory, nutritious and easy of digestion when just taken 
 from the water ; in fact, the sooner they are cooked after being caught the better. No fish should 
 be more than a few hours from its watery element before being placed upon the table. For con- 
 venience, I will group our fish into families as a basis for what I shall offer. Our bony fish, 
 
FAUNA or WISCONSIN. 135 
 
 having spine rays and covered with comb-like scales, belong to the perch family — a valuable 
 family ; all take the hook, are gamey, and spawn in the summer. 
 
 The yellow perch and at least four species of black or striped bass have a wide range, being 
 found in all the rivers and lakes in the state. There is a large species of fish known as Wall- 
 eyed pike {Leucoperca americana) belonging to this family, which is found sparingly in most of our 
 rivers and lakes. The pike is an active and most rapacious animal, devouring fish of consider- 
 able size. The flesh is firm and of good flavor. It would probably be economical to propagate 
 it to a moderate extent. 
 
 The six-spined bass {Pomoxys hexacanthus, Agas.) is one of the most desirable of the spine- 
 rayed fish found in the State. The flesh is fine flavored, and as the fish is hardy and takes the 
 hook with avidity, it should be protected during the spawning season and artificially propagated. 
 I have examined the stomachs of a large number of these fish and in every instance found small 
 crawfish, furnishing an additional evidence in its favor. Prof. J. P. Kirtland, the veteran ichthy- 
 ologist of Ohio, says that this so-callea " grass bass" is the fish for the million. 
 
 The white bass {Rocci/s chrysops) is a species rather rare even in the larger bodies of water, 
 but ought to be introduced into every small lake in the State, where I am certain they would 
 flourish. It is an excellent fish, possessing many of the good qualities and as few of the bad as- 
 any that belong to the family. There is another branch of this family, the sunfish, Fomotis, 
 which numbers at least six species found in Wisconsin. They are beautiful fish, and afford 
 abundant sport for the boys ; none of them, however, are worth domesticating (unless it be in the 
 aquarium) as there are so many better. 
 
 The carp family (Cyprinidce) are soft finned fish without maxillary teeth. They include by 
 far the greater number of fresh-water fish. Some specimens are not more than one inch, while 
 others are nearly two feet in length. Our chubs, silversides and suckers are the principal mem- 
 bers of this family. Dace are good pan-fish, yet their small size is objectionable; they are the 
 children's game fish. The Cyprinida all spawn in the spring, and might be profitably propa- 
 gated as food for the larger and more valuable fish. 
 
 There are six or seven species of suckers found in our lakes and rivers. The red horse,, 
 found every where, and at least one species of the buffalo, inhabiting the Mississippi and its trib- 
 utaries, are the best of the genus Catastomus. Suckers are bony, and apt to taste suspiciously of 
 mud; they are only to be tolerated in the absence of better. The carp {Cyprenius carpo) has been 
 successfully introduced into the Hudsonriver. 
 
 The trout family i^Sa/inonida) are soft-finned fish with an extra dorsal adipose fin without 
 rays. They inhabit northern cQuntries, spawning in the latter part of fall and winter. Their 
 flesh is universally esteemed. The trout family embrace by far the most valuable of our fish, 
 including, as it does, trout and whitefish. The famous speckled trout {Salmo /ontinalis) is a 
 small and beautiful species which is found in nearly every stream in the northern half of the 
 State. Wherever there is a spring run or lake, the temperature of which does not rise higher than 
 sixty-five or seventy in the summer, there trout can be propagated in abundance. The great 
 salmon trout {Sal. amethystus) of the great lakes is a magnificent fish weighing from ten to sixty 
 pounds. The Siscowit salmo siscoivit of Lake Superior is about the same size, but not quite so 
 good a fish, being too fat and oily. They will, no doubt, flourish in the larger of the inland 
 lakes. 
 
 The genus Coregonus includes the true whitefish, or lake shad. In this genus, as now 
 restricted, the nose is square and the under jaw short, and when first caught they have the 
 fragrance of fresh cucumbers. There are at least three species found in Lake Michigan. In my 
 
136 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 opinion these fish are more delicately flavored than the celebrated Potomac shad ; but I doubt 
 whether they will thrive in the small lakes, owing to the absence of the small Crustacea <■•' which 
 they subsist. The closely allied genus Argyrosomus includes seven known species inhabiung the 
 larger lakes, and one, the Argyrosomus sisco, which is found in several of the lesser lakes. The 
 larger species are but little inferior to the true whitefish, with which they are commonly 
 confounded. The nose is yjointed, the under jaw long, and they take the hook at certain seasons 
 with activity. They eat small fish as well as insects and crustaceans. 
 
 Of the pickerel family, we have three or four closely allied species of the genus Esox, armed 
 with prodigious jaws filled with cruel teeth. They lie motionles eady to dart, swift as an 
 arrow, upon their prey. They are the sharks of the fresh water. The pickerel are so rapacious 
 that they spare not their own species. Sometimes they attempt to swallow a fish nearly as large 
 as themselves, and perish in consequence. Their flesh is moderately good, and as they are game 
 to the backbone, it might be desirable to propagate them to a moderate extent under peculiar 
 ■circumstances. 
 
 The catfish {Silurida;) have soft fins, protected by sharp spines, and curious fleshy barbels 
 floating from their lips, without scales, covered only with a slimy coat of mucus. The 
 genus Pimlodus are scavengers among fish, as vultures among birds. They are filthy in habit 
 and food. There is one interesting trait of the catfish — the vigilant and watchful motherly 
 care of the young by the male. He defends them with great spirit, and herds them together 
 when they straggle. Even the mother is driven far off; for he knows full well that she would 
 ■not scruple to make a full meal off her little black tadpole-like progeny. There are four species 
 known to inhabit this State — one peculiar to the great lakes, and two found in the numerous 
 affluents of the Mississippi. One of these, the great yellow catfish, sometimes weighs over one 
 hundred pounds. When in good condition, stuffed and well baked, they are a fair table fish. 
 The small bull-head is universally distributed. 
 
 The sturgeons are large sluggish fish, covered with plates instead of scales. There 
 are at least three species of the genus Acipenser found in the waters of Wisconsin. Being so 
 large and without bones, they afford a sufficiently cheap article of food ; unfortunately, however, 
 the quality is decidedly bad. Sturgeons deposit an enormous quantity of eggs ; the roe not 
 unfrequently weighs one fourth as much as the entire body, and numbers, it is said, many 
 millions. The principal commercial value of sturgeons is found in the roe and swimming 
 bladder. The much prized caviare is manufactured from the former, and from the latter the best 
 of isinglass is obtained. 
 
 The gar-pikes (Lepidosteus) are represented by at least three species of this singular fish. 
 They have long serpentine bodies, with jaws prolonged into a regular bill, which is well provided 
 with teeth. The scales are composed of bone covered on the outside with enamel, like teeth. 
 The alligator gar, confined to the depths of the Mississippi, is a large fish, and the more common 
 species, Lepidosieus bison, attains to a considerable size. The Lepidosteous, now only found in 
 North America, once had representatives all over the globe. Fossils of the same family of which 
 the gar-pike is the type, have been found all over Europe, in the oldest fossiliferous beds, in the 
 strata of the age of coal, in the new red sandstone, in oolitic deposits, and in the chalk and 
 tertiary formations — being one of the many living evidences that North America was the first 
 country above the water. For all practical purposes, we should not regret to have the gar-pikes 
 follow in the footsteps of their aged and illustrious predecessors. They could well be spared. 
 
 There is a fish {^Lota maculose) which belongs to the cod-fish family, called by the fishermen 
 the "lawyers," for what reason I am not able to say — at any rate, the fish is worthless. There 
 are a great number of small fish, interesting only to the naturalist, which I shall omit to men- 
 tion here. 
 
FAUNA OF WISCOXSIN. 137 
 
 Fish of the northern countries are the most valuable, for the reason that the water is colder 
 and purer. Wisconsin, situated between forty-two thirty, and forty-seven degrees of latitude, 
 bounded on the east and north by the largest lakes in the world, on the west by the "Great river," 
 traversed by numerous fine and rapid streams, and sprinkled all over with beautiful and pictu- 
 resque lakes, has physical conditions certainly the most favorable, perhaps of any State, for an 
 abundant and never-failing supply of the best fish. Few persons have any idea of the importance 
 of the fisheries of Lake Michigan. It is difficult to collect adequate data to form a correct 
 knowledge of the capital invested and the amount of fish taken; enough, however, has been 
 ascertained to enable me to state that at Milwaukee alone $100,000 are invested, and not less 
 than two hundred and eighty tons of dressed fish taken annually. At Racine, during the entire 
 season of nine months, there are, on an average, one thousand pounds of whitefish and trout, 
 each, caught and sold daily, amounting to not less than $16,000. It is well known that, since the 
 adoption of the gill-net system, the fishermen are enabled to pursue their calling ten months of 
 the year. 
 
 When the fish retire to the deep water, they are followed with miles of nets, and the poor 
 fish are entangled on every side. There is a marked falling off in the number and size of white- 
 fish and trout taken, when compared with early years. When fish were only captured with seines, 
 they had abundant chance to escape and multiply so as to keep an even balance in number. 
 Only by artificial propagation and well enforced laws protecting them during the spawning 
 season, can we hope now to restore the balance. In order to give some idea of the valuable 
 labors of the state fish commissioners, I will state briefly that they have purchased for the 
 State a piece of property, situated three miles from Madison, known as the Nine Springs, 
 including forty acres of land, on which they have erected a dwelling-house, barn and hatchery, 
 also constructed several ponds, in which can be seen many valuable fish in the enjoyment of 
 perfect health and vigor. As equipped, it is, undoubtedly, one of the best, if not the best, hatchery 
 in the states. In this permanent establishment the commission design to hatch and distribute 
 to the small lakes and rivers of the interior the most valuable of our indigenous fish, such as 
 bass, pike, trout, etc., etc., as well as many valuable foreign varieties. During the past season, 
 many fish have been distributed from this state hatchery. At the Milwaukee Water Works, the 
 commission have equipped a hatchery on a large scale, using the water as pumped directly from 
 the lake. During the past sea«on there was a prodigious multitude of young trout and whitefish 
 distributed from this point. The success of Superintendent Welcher in hatching whitefish at 
 Milwaukee has been the best yet gained, nearly ninety per cent, of the eggs "laid down" 
 being hatched. Pisciculturists will appreciate this wonderful success, as they well know how 
 difficult it is to manage the spawn of the whitefish. 
 
 I append the following statistics of the number of fish hatched and distributed from the 
 Milwaukee hatchery previous to 1878 : 
 
 Total number of fish hatched, 8,000,000 — whitefish, 6,300,000; salmon trout, 1,700,000. 
 
 They were distributed as follows, in the month of May, 1877 : Whitefish planted in Lake 
 Michigan, at Racine, 1,000,000; at Milwaukee, 3,260,000; between Manitowoc and Two Rivers 
 1,000,000; in Green bay, 1,000,000; in Elkhart lake, 40,000. 
 
 Salmon trout were turned out as follows : Lake Michigan, near Milwaukee, 600,000 ; 
 Brown's lake, Racine county, 40,000; Delavan lake, Walworth county, 40,000; Troy lake, Wal- 
 worth county, 40,000 ; Pleasant lake, Walworth county, 40,000 ; Lansdale lake, Walworth 
 county, 40,000 ; Ella lake, Milwaukee county, 16,000; Cedar lake, Washington county, 40,000; 
 Elkhart lake, Sheboygan county, 40,000; Clear lake. Rock county, 40,000; Ripley lake, 
 
138 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Jefferson county, 40,000; Mendota lake, Dane county, 100,000; Fox lake, Dodge county, 
 40,000 ; Swan and Silver lakes, Columbia county, 40,000 ; Little Green lake, Green Lake 
 county, 40,000; Big Green lake. Green Lake county, 100,000; Bass lake, St. Croi.x county, 
 40,000; Twin lakes, St. Croix county, 40,000 ; Long lake, (Jhippewa county, 40,000; Oconomo- 
 woc lake, Waukesha county, 100,000; Pine lake, Waukesha county, 40,000; Pewaukee lake, 
 Waukesha county, 100,000; North lake, Waukesha county, 40,000 ; Nagawicka lake, Waukesha 
 county, 40,000; Okanche lake, Waukesha county, 40,000. 
 
 L.'\RGE ANIMALS.— TIME OF THEIR DISAPPEARANCE. 
 
 Fifty years ago, the territory now included in the state of Wisconsin, was nearly in a state 
 of nature, all the large wild animals were then abundant. Now, all has changed. The ax and 
 plow, gun and dog, railway and telegraph, have metamorphosed the face of nature. Most of 
 the large quadrupeds have been either exterminated, or have hid themselves away in the wilder- 
 ness. In a short time, all of these will have disappeared from the state. The date and order 
 in which animals become extinct within the boundaries of the state, is a subject of great interest. 
 There was a time when the antelope, the woodland caribou, the buffalo, and the wild turkey, 
 were abundant, but are now no longer to be found. 
 
 The Antelope, Antilocarpa Americana, now confined to the Western plains, did, two hun- 
 dred years ago, inhabit Wisconsin as far east as Michigan. In October, 1679, Father Hennepin, 
 with La Salle and party, in four canoes, coasted along the Western shore of Lake Michigan. In 
 Hennepin's narrative, he says; " The oldest of them " (the Indians) " came to us the next morn- 
 ing with their calumet of peace, and brought some wild goats." This was somewhere north of 
 Milwaukee. "Being in sore distress, we saw upon the coast a great many ravens and eagles " 
 (turkey vultures), '' from whence we conjectured there was some prey, and having landed upon 
 that place, we found above the half of a fat wild goat, which the wolves had strangled. This 
 provision was very acceptable to us, and the rudest of our men could not but praise the Divine 
 Providence which took so particular care of us." This must have been somewhere near Racine. 
 "On the i6th" (October, 1679), " we met with abundance of game. A savage we had with us, 
 killed several stags (deer) and wild goats, and our men a great many turkeys, very fat and big." 
 This must have been south of Racine. These goats were undoubtedly antelopes. Schoolcraft 
 mentions antelopes as occupying the Northwest territory. 
 
 When the last buffalo crossed the Mississippi is not precisely known. It is certain they 
 lingered in Wisconsin in 1825. It is said there was a buffalo shot on the St. Croix river as late 
 as 1832, so Wisconsin claims the last buffalo. The woodland caribou — Rangifer caribou — were 
 never numerous within the limits of the state. A few were seen not far from La Pointe in co4S. 
 The last wild turkey in the eastern portion of the state, was in 1846. On the Mississippi, one 
 was killed in 1856. I am told by Dr. Walcott, that turkeys were abundant in Wisconsin previous 
 to the hard winter of 1842-3, when snow was yet two feet deep in March, with a stout crust, so 
 that the turkeys could not get to the ground. They became so poor and weak, that they could 
 not fly, and thus became an easy prey to the wolves, foxes, wild cats, minks, etc., which exter- 
 minated almost the entire race. The Doctor says he saw but one single individual the next 
 winter. Elk were on Hay river in 1863, and I have little' doubt a few yet remain. Moose are 
 not numerous, a few yet remain in the northwestern part of the state. I saw moose tracks on 
 the Montreal river, near Lake Superior, in the summer of 1845. A few panthers may still 
 inhabit the wilderness of Wisconsin. Benjamin Bones, of Racine, shot one on the headwaters of 
 
FAUNA OF WISCOlSrSIN. 139 
 
 Black river, December, 1863. Badgers are now nearly gone, and in a few years more, the only 
 badgers found within the state, will be two legged ones. Beavers are yet numerous in the 
 small lakes in the northern regions. Wolverines are occasionally met with in the northern 
 forests. Bears, wolves, and deer, will continue to flourish in the northern and central counties, 
 where underbrush, timber, and small lakes abound. 
 
 All large animals will soon be driven by civilization out of Wisconsin. The railroad and 
 improved firearms will do the work, and thus we lose the primitive denizens of the forest and 
 prairies. 
 
 PECULIARITIES OF THE BIRD FAUNA. 
 
 The facts recorded in this paper, were obtained by personal observations within fifteen 
 miles of Racine, Wisconsin, latitude 42° 46' north, longitude 87" 48' west. This city is situated 
 on the western shore of Lake Michigan, at the e.xtreme southern point of the heavy lumbered 
 district, the base of which rests on Lake Superior. Racine extends six miles further into the 
 lake than Milwaukee, and two miles further than Kenosha. At this point the great prairie 
 approaches near the lake from the west. The extreme rise of the mercury in summer, is from 
 90° to 100° Fahrenheit. The isothermal line comes further north in summer, and retires further 
 south in winter than it does east of the great lakes, which physical condition will sufficiently 
 explain the remarkable peculiarities of its animal life, the overlapping, as it were, of two distinct 
 faunas. More especially is this true of birds, that are enabled to change their locality with the 
 greatest facility. Within the past thirty years, I have collected and observed over three hundred 
 species of birds, nearly half of all birds found in North America. Many species, considered 
 rare in other sections, are found here in the greatest abundance. .\ striking peculiarity of the 
 ornithological fauna of this section, is that southern birds go farther north in summer, while 
 northern species go farther south in winter than they do east of the lakes. Of summer birds 
 that visit us, I will ennumerate a few of the many that belong to a more southern latitude in the 
 Atlantic States. Nearly all nest with us, or, at least, did some years ago. 
 
 Yellow-breasted chat, Ideria virdis ; mocking bird, Mimus pollyglottus ; great Carolina wren, 
 Thriothortis ludovicianus ; prothonotary warbler, Proto7iotaria citrea; summer red bird, Pyrangia 
 (es-Uva; wood ibis, Tantalus loeulator. 
 
 Among Arctic birds that visit us in winter are : 
 
 Snowy owl, Nyctea nivea; great gray owl, Syrniufn cinerus; hawk owl, Surnia ulula; Arctic 
 three-toed woodpecker, Picoides arcticus; banded three-toed woodpecker, Picoides hirsutus; mag- 
 pie, Pica htidsonica; Canada jay, Perisorius canadensis ; evening grosbeak, Hesperiphona vesper- 
 titiaj Hudson titmouse, Parus hudsoiiicus; king eder, Somaleria spectabilis ; black-throated diver, 
 Cofyfnbus arcUcus; glaucus gull, Laurus glaucus. 
 
 These examples are sufficient to indicate the rich avi fauna of Wisconsin. It is doubtful if 
 there is another locality where the Canada jay and its associates visit in winter where the mock- 
 ing bird nests in summer, or where the hawk owl flies silently over the spot occupied during 
 the warmer days by the summer red bird and the yellow-breasted chat. But the ax has already 
 leveled much of the great woods, so that there is now a great falling off in numbers of our old 
 familiar feathered friends. It is now extremely doubtful if such a collection can ever again be 
 madf within the boundaries of this state, or indeed, of any other. 
 
EDUCATIONAL HISTORY. 
 
 By Prof. EDWARD SEARING, State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 From the time of the earliest advent of the families of French traders into the region now 
 known as Wisconsin, to the year 1818, when that region became part of Michigan territory, 
 education was mostly confined to private instruction, or was sought by the children of the 
 wealthier in the distant cities of Quebec, Montreal, and Detroit. The early Jesuit missionaries, 
 and — subsequently to 1816, when it came under the military control of the United States — 
 representatives of various other religious denominations, sought to teach the Indian tribes of 
 this section. In 1823, Rev. Eleazar Williams, well known for his subsequent claim to be the 
 Dauphin of France, and who was in the employ of tlie Episcopal Missionary Society, started a 
 school of white and half-breed children on the west side of Fox river, opposite " Shanty-Town." 
 A Catholic mission school for Indians was organized by an Italian priest near Green Bay, in 
 1830. A clause of the treaty with the Winnebago Indians, in 1832, bound the United States to 
 maintain a school for their children near Prairie du Chien for a period of twenty-seven years. 
 
 The Original School Code. 
 
 From 1818 to 1836, Wisconsin formed part of Michigan territory. In the year 1837, Michi- 
 gan was admitted into the Union as a state, and Wisconsin, embracing what is now Minnesota, 
 Iowa, and a considerable region still further westward, was, by act of congress approved April 
 20th of the year previous, established as a separate territory. The act provided that the existing 
 laws of the territory of Michigan should be extended over the new territory so far as compatible 
 with the provisions of the act, subject to alteration or repeal by the new government created. 
 Thus with the other statutes, the school code of Michigan became the original code of Wiscon- 
 sin, and it was soon formally adopted, with almost no change, by the first territorial legislature, 
 which met at Belmont. Although modified in some of its jjrovisions almost every year, this 
 imperfect code continued in force until the adoption of the state constitution in 1848. The 
 first material changes in the code were made by the territorial legislature at its second session, 
 in 1837, by the passage of a bill " to regulate the sale of school lands, and to provide for organ- 
 izing, regulating, and perfecting common schools." It was provided in this act that as soon as 
 twenty electors should reside in a surveyed township, they should elect a board of three com- 
 missioners, holding office three years, to lay off districts, to apply the proceeds of the leases of 
 school lands to the payment of teachers' wages, and to call school meetings. It was also pro- 
 vided that each district should elect a board of three directors, holding office one year, to locate 
 school-houses, hire teachers for at least three months in the year, and levy taxes for the support 
 of schools. It was further provided that a third board of five inspectors should be elected 
 annually in each town to examine and license teachers and inspect the schools. Two years 
 subsequently (1839) the law was revised and the family, instead of the electors, was made the 
 basiiS of the town organization. Every town with not less than ten families was made a school 
 district and required to provide a competent teacher. More populous towns were divided into 
 two or more districts. The office of town commissioner was abolished, its duties with certain 
 others being transferred to the inspectors. The rate-bill system of taxation, previously in 
 existence, was repealed, and a tax on the whole county for building school-houses and support- 
 
EDUCATIONAL HISTORY. 141 
 
 ing schools was provided for. One or two years later the office of town commissioners was 
 restored, and the duties of tiie inspectors were assigned to the same. Other somewhat important 
 amendments were made at the same time. 
 
 In 1840, a memorial to congress from the legislature represented that the people were 
 anxious to establish a common-school system, with suitable resources for its support. From 
 lack of sufficient funds many of the schools were poorly organized. The rate-bill tax or private 
 subscription was often necessary to supplement the scanty results of county taxation. Until a 
 state government should be organized, tlie fund accruing from the sale of school lands could not 
 be available. Congress had made to Wisconsin, as to other new states, for educational purposes, 
 a donation of lands. These lands embraced the sixteenth section in every township in the state, 
 the 500,000 acres to which the state was entitled by the provisions of an act of congress passed 
 in 1841, and any grant of lands from the United States, the purposes of which were not speci- 
 fied. To obtain the benefits of this large fund was a leading object in forming the state con- 
 stitution. 
 
 Agitation for Free Schools. 
 
 Shortly before the admission of the state the subject of free schools began to be quite 
 widely discussed. In February, 1845, Col. M. Frank, of Kenosha, a member of the territorial 
 legislature, introduced a bill, which became a law, authorizing the legal voters of his own town 
 to vote taxes on all the assessed property ior the full support of its schools. A provision of the 
 act required its submission to the people of the town before it could take effect. It met with 
 strenuous opposition, but after many public meetings and lectures held in the interests of public 
 enlightenment, the act was ratified by a small majority in the fall of i845,and thus the first free school 
 in the state was legally organized. Subsequently, in the legislature, in the two constitutional con- 
 ventions, and in educational assemblies, the question of a free-school system for the new state 
 soon to be organized provoked much interest and discussion. In the constitution framed by the 
 convention of 1846, was provided the basis of a free-school system similar to that in our present 
 constitution. The question of establishing the office of state superintendent, more than any 
 other feature of the proposed school system, elicited discussion in that body. The necessity of 
 this office,' and the advantages of free schools supported by taxation, were ably presented to the 
 convention by Hon. Henry Barnard, of Connecticut, in an evening address. He afterward pre- 
 pared, by request, a draft of a free-school system, with a state superintendent at its head, which 
 was accepted and subsequently embodied in the constitution and the school law. In the second 
 constitutional convention, in 1848, the same questions again received careful attention, and the 
 article on education previously prepared, was, after a few changes, brought into the shape in 
 which we now find it. Immediately after the ratification by the people, of the constitution pre- 
 pared by the second convention, three commissioners were appointed to revise the statutes. To 
 one of these, Col. Frank, the needed revision of the school laws was assigned. The work was 
 acceptably performed, and the new school code of 1849, largely the same as the present one, 
 went into operation May first of that year. 
 
 The School System under the State Government. 
 
 In the state constitution was laid the broad foundation of our present school system. The 
 four corner stones were: (i) The guaranteed freedom of the schools; (2) the school fund 
 created ; (3) the system of supervision ; (4) a state university for higher instruction. The 
 school fund has five distinct sources for its creation indicated in the constitution: (i) Proceeds 
 from the sale of lands granted to the state by the United States for educational purposes; (2) 
 
142 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 all moneys accruing from forfeiture or escheat; (3) all fines collected in the several counties for 
 breach of the penal laws ; (4) all moneys paid for exemption from military duty ; (5) five per cent, 
 of the sale of government lands within the state. In addition to these constitutional sources of 
 the school fund, another and sixth source was open from 1856 to 1870. By an act of the state 
 legislature in the former year, three-fourths of the net proceeds of the sales of the swamp and 
 overflowed lands, granted to the state by congress, Sept. 28, 1850, were added to the common- 
 school fund, the other fourth going into a fund for drainage, under certain circumstances ; but if 
 not paid over to any town for that purpose within two years, to become a part of the school 
 fund. The following year one of these fourths was converted into the normal-school fund, 
 leaving one-half for the common-school fund. In 1858, another fourth was given to the drainage 
 fund, thus providing for the latter one-half the income from the sales, and leaving for the school 
 fund, until the year 1865, only the remaining one-fourth. In the latter year this was transferred 
 to the normal-school fund, with the provision, however, that one-fourth of the income of this 
 fund should be transferred to the common-school fund until the annual income of the latter 
 fund should reach $200,000. In 1870 this provision was repealed, and the whole income of the 
 normal fund left applicable to the support of normal schools and teachers' institutes. 
 
 At the first session of the state legislature in 1848, several acts were passed which carried 
 out in some degree the educational provisions of the constitution. A law was enacted to pro- 
 vide for the election, and to define the duties, of a state superintendent of public instruction. A 
 district board was created, consisting of a moderator, director, and treasurer; the office of town 
 superintendent was established, and provision was made for the creation of town libraries, and 
 for the distribution of the school fund. The present school code of Wisconsin is substantially 
 that passed by the legislature of 1848, and which went into operation May i, 1849. The most 
 important change since made was the abolition of the office of town superintendent, and the 
 Substitution therefor of the county superintendency. This change took effect January i, 1862. 
 
 The School-Fund Income. 
 
 The first annual report of the state superintendent, for the year 1849, gives the income of 
 the school fund for that year as $588, or eight and three-tenth mills per child. Milwaukee 
 county received the largest amount, $69.63, and St. Croix county the smallest, twenty-four cents. 
 The average in the state was forty-seven cents per district. The following table will show at a 
 glance the quinquennial increase in the income of the fund, the corresponding increase in the 
 number of school children, and the apportionment per child, from 1849 to 1875, inclusive; also, 
 the last published apportionment, that for 1878. It will be seen that since 1855 the increase of 
 the fund has not kept pace with the increase of school population : 
 
 Year. 
 
 NO. CHILDREN 
 OF SCHOOL-AGE. 
 
 INCOME OF 
 SCHOOL FUND 
 
 RATE PER 
 CHILD. 
 
 Year. 
 
 NO. CHILDREN 
 OF SCHOOL-AGE. 
 
 INCOME OF 
 SCHOOL FUND 
 
 RATE PER 
 CHILD. 
 
 1849-- 
 1850.- 
 
 1855-- 
 1860. . 
 
 70,457 
 
 92,105 
 
 186,085 
 
 288,984 
 
 $588 00 
 
 47,716 00 
 
 125,906 02 
 
 184,949 76 
 
 $0.0083 
 .51S 
 .67 
 .64 
 
 1S65.. 
 1870.. 
 
 1875-- 
 1878.. 
 
 335.582 
 412,481 
 450,304 
 478,692 
 
 151. S16 34 
 
 159.271 38 
 184,624 64 
 
 185,546 01 
 
 .46 
 .40 
 .41 
 .39 
 
 The amount of productive school fund reported September 30, 1878, was J2, 680. 703.27. 
 The portion of the fund not invested at that date, was $58,823.70. 
 
, EDUCATIONAL HISTORY. 143 
 
 The State University. 
 
 In his message to the first territorial legislature, in 1836, Governor Dodge recommended 
 asking from congress aid for the establishment of a state educational institution, to be governed 
 by the legislature. This was the first official action looking to the establishment of a state 
 university. The same legislature passed an act to establish and locate the Wisconsin univer- 
 sity at Belmont, in the county of Iowa. At its second session, the following year, the legislature 
 passed an act, which was approved January 19, 1838, establishing "at or near Madison, the seat 
 of TOvernment, a university for the purpose of educating youth, the name whereof shall be ' The 
 University of the Territory of Wisconsin. " A resolution was passed at the same session, direct- 
 ing the territorial delegate in congress to ask of that body an appropriation of $20,000 for the 
 erection of the buildings ot said university, and also to appropriate two townships of vacant land 
 for its endowment. Congress accordingly appropriated, in 1838, seventy-two sections, or two 
 townships, for the support of a "seminary of learning in the territory of Wisconsin," and this 
 was afterward confirmed to the state for the use of the university. No effectual provision, how- 
 ever, was made for the establishment of the university until ten years later, when the state was 
 organized. Congress, as has been said, had made a donation of lands to the territory for the 
 support of such an institution, but these lands could not be made available for that purpose until 
 the territory should become a state. The state constitution, adopted in 1848, declared that pro- 
 vision should be made for the establishment of a state university, and that the proceeds of all 
 lands donated by the United States to the state for the suppoit of a university should remain a 
 perpetual fund, the interest of which should be appropriated to its support 
 
 The state legislature, at its first session, passed an act, approved July 26, 1848, establishing 
 the University of Wisconsin, defining its location, its government, and its various departments, 
 and authorizing the regents to purchase a suitable site for the buildings, and to proceed to the 
 erection of the same, after having obtained from the legislature the approval of plans. This act 
 repealed the previous act of 1838. The regents were soon after appointed, and their first annual 
 report was presented to the legislature, January 30, 1849. This report announced the selection 
 of a site, subject to the approval of the legislature, announced the organization of a preparatorj- 
 department, and the election of a chancellor or president. The university was thus organized, 
 with John H. Lathrop, president of the University of Missouri, as its first chancellor, and John 
 W. Sterling as principal of the preparatory department, which was opened February 5, 1849. 
 Chancellor Lathrop was not formally inaugurated until January 16, 1850. 
 
 Owing to the short-sighted policy of the state in locating without due care, and in apprais- 
 ing and selling so low the lands of the original grant, the fund produced was entirely inadequate 
 to the support of the institution. Congress, therefore, made, in 1854, an additional grant of 
 seventy-two sections of land for its use. These, however, were located and sold in the same 
 inconsiderate and unfortunate manner, for so low a price as to be a means of inducing immigra- 
 tion, indeed, but not of producing a fund adequate for the support of a successful state univer- 
 sity. Of the 92,160 acres comprised in the two grants, there had been sold prior to September 
 30, 1866, 74,178 acres for the sum of $264,570.13, or at an average price of but little more than 
 $3.50 per acre.* Besides this, the state had allowed the university to anticipate its income to the 
 extent of over $100,000 for the erection of buildings. By a law of 1862 the sum of $104,339.43 
 was taken from its fund (already too small) to pay for these buildings. The resulting embar- 
 rassment made necessary the re-organization of 1866, which added to the slender resources of 
 the institution the agricultural college fund, arising from the sale of lands donated to the state by 
 the congressional act of 1862. 
 
 •Compare the price obtained for the lands of the University of Michigan. The first sale of those lands averaged 
 (22.85 per acre, and brought in a single year (1837) $150,447.90. Sales were made in succeeding years at $15, $17, 
 and $IQ per acre. 
 
144 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 The first university building erected was the north dormitory, which was completed in 185 1. 
 This is 110 feet in length by 40 in breadth, and four stories in height. The south dormitory, of 
 the same size, was completed in 1855. The main central edifice, known as University Hall, was 
 finished in 1859. The Ladies' College was completed in 1872. This latter was built with an 
 appropriation of $50,000, made by the legislature in 1870— the first actual donation the univer- 
 sity had ever received from the state. The legislature of 1875 appropriated $80,000 for the 
 erection of Science Hall, a building to be devoted to instruction in the physical sciences. This 
 was completed and ready for occupancy at the opening of the fall term of 1877. 
 
 The growth of this institution during the past fourteen years, and especially since its re- 
 organization in 1866, has been rapid and substantial. Its productive fund on the 30th day of 
 September, 1877, aside from the agricultural college fund, was $;!23,240 32. The combined uni- 
 versity and agricultural funds amounted, at the same date, to $464,032 22. An act of the legis- 
 lature in 1-867 appropriated to the university income for that year, and annually for the next ten 
 years, the sum of $7,303.76, being the interest upon the sum taken from the university fund by 
 the law of 1862 for the erection of buildings, as before mentioned. Chapter 100 of the general 
 laws of 1872 also provided for an annual state tax of $10,000 to increase the income of the uni- 
 versity. Chapter 119 of the laws of 1876 provides for an annual state tax of one-tenth of one 
 mill on the taxable property of the state for the increase of the university fund income, this tax 
 to be "/// lieu of all other appropriations before provided for the benefit of said fund income," 
 and to be "deemed a full compensation for all deficiencies in said income arising from the dis- 
 position of the lands donated to the state by congress, in trust, for the benefit of said income." 
 The entire income of the university from all sources, including this tax (which was $42,359.62), 
 was, for the year ending September 30, 1878, $81,442.63. The university has a faculty of over 
 thirty professors and in.structors, and during the past ) ear — 1S77-S — it had in its various depart- 
 ments 388 students. The law department, organized in 1868, has since been in successful opera- 
 ation. Ladies are admitted into all the departments and classes of the university. 
 
 Agricultural College. 
 
 The agricultural college fund, granted to the state by the congressional act of 1862, was 
 by a subsequent legislative enactment (1866) applied to the support, not of a separate agricultural 
 college, but of a department of agriculture in the existing university, thus rendering it unneces- 
 sary for the state to erect separate buildings elsewhere. Under the provisions of chapter 114, 
 laws of 1866, the county of Dane issued to the state, for the purpose of purchasing an experi- 
 mental farm, bonds to the amount of $40,000. K farm of about 200 acres, adjoining the univer- 
 sity grounds, was purchased, and a four years' course of study provided, designed to be thorough 
 and extensive in the branches that relate to agriculture, in connection with its practical application 
 upon the experimental farm. 
 
 The productive agricultural college fund has increased from g8,o6i.86, iii 1866, 10 $244,263, 18, 
 
 in 1878. 
 
 NoRMAi, Schools. 
 
 The propriety of making some special provision for the instruction of teachers was 
 acknowledged in the very organization of the state, a provision for normal schools having been 
 embodied in the constitution itself, which ordains that after the support and i: a ntenance of the 
 
EDUCATIONAL HISTORY. 145 
 
 common schools is insured, the residue of the school fund shall be appropriated to academies and 
 normal schools. The state legislature, in its first session in 1848, in the act establishing the Uni- 
 versity of Wisconsin, declared that one of the four departments thereof should be a department 
 of the theory and practice of elementary instruction. The first institution ever chartered in 
 the state as a normal school was incorporated by the legislature at its second session — 1849 — 
 under the title of the " Jefferson County Normal School." This, however, was never organized. 
 
 The regents, when organizing the university, at their meeting in 1849, ordained the estab- 
 lishment of a normal professorship, and declared that in organizing the normal department it 
 was their fixed intention " to make the University of Wisconsin subsidiary to the great cause of 
 popular education, by making it, through its normal department, the nursery of the educators of 
 the popular mind, and the central point of union and harmony to the educational interests of the 
 commonwealth." They declared that instruction in the normal department should be free to all 
 suitable candidates. Little was accomplished, however, in this direction during the next ten 
 years. In 1857 an act was passed by the legislature appropriating twenty-five per cent, of the 
 income of the swamp-land fund " to normal institutes and academies under the supervision and 
 direction of a board of regents of normal schools," who were to be appointed in accordance 
 with the provisions of the act. Distribution of this income was made to such colleges, acade- 
 mies, and high schools as maintained a normal class, in proportion to the number of pupils pass- 
 ing a successful examination conducted by an agent of the board. In 1859, Dr. Henry Barnard, 
 who had become chancellor of the university, was made agent of the normal regents. He 
 inaugurated a system of teachers' institutes, and gave fresh vigor to the normal work throughout 
 the state. Resigning, however, on account of ill-health, within two years. Professor Chas. H. 
 Allen, who had been conducting institutes under his direction, succeeded him as agent of the 
 normal regents, and was elected principal of the normal department of the university, entering 
 upon his work as the latter in March, 1864. He managed the department with signal ability and 
 success, but at the end of one or two years resigned. Meantime the educational sentiment of 
 the state had manifested itself for the establishment of separate normal schools. 
 
 In 1865, the legislature passed an act repealing that of two years before, and providing 
 instead that one-half of the swamp-land fund should be set apart as a normal-school fund, the 
 income of which should be applied to establishing and supporting normal schools under the 
 direction and management of the board of normal regents, with a proviso, however, that one- 
 fourth of such income should be annually transferred to the common-school fund income, until 
 the latter should amount annually to $200,000. This proviso was repealed by the legislature of 
 1870, and the entire income of one-half the swamp-land fund has since been devoted to normal' 
 school purposes. During the same year proposals were invited for aid in the establishment of a 
 normal school, in money, land, or buildings, and propositions from various places were received 
 and considered. In 1S66, the board of regents was incorporated by the legislature. In the 
 same year Platteville was conditionally selected as the site of a school, and as there was already 
 a productive fund of about $600,000, with an income of over $30,000, and a prospect of a steady 
 increase as the lands were sold, the board decided upon the policy of establishing several schools, 
 located in different parts of the state. In pursuance of this policy, there have already been 
 completed, and are now in very successful operation, the Platteville Normal School, opened 
 October 9, 1866; the Whitewater Normal School, opened April 21, 1868 ; the Oshkosh Normal 
 School, opened September 19, 1871, and the River Falls Normal School, opened September 
 2, 1875. Each assembly district in the state- is entitled to eight representatives in the 
 normal schools. These are nominated by county and city superintendents. Tuition is 
 free to all normal students. There are in the normal schools two courses of study — an 
 
146 HISTORY OF AvrscoxsEsr. 
 
 elementary course of two years, and an advanced course of four years. The student completing 
 the former, receives a certificate ; the one completing the latter, a diploma. The certificate, when 
 the holder has successfully taught one year after graduation, may be countersigned by the sup- 
 erintendent of public instruction, when it becomes equivalent to a five-years' state certificate. 
 The diploma, when thus countersigned, after a like interval, is equivalent to a permanent state 
 certificate. 
 
 It is believed that the normal-school system of Wisconsin rests upon a broader and more 
 secure basis than the corresponding system of any other state. That basis is an independent 
 and permanent fund, which has already reached a million dollars. The precise amount of this 
 securely invested and productive fund, September 30, 1878, was gi, 004, 907. 67, and the sum of 
 $33,290.88 remained uninvested. 
 
 Teachers' Institutes. 
 
 In addition to the work of the normal schools, the board of regents is authorized to expend 
 $5,000 annually to defray the expenses of teachers' institutes. A law of 1S71, amended in 1876, 
 provides for normal institutes, which shall be lield for not less than two consecutive weeks, and 
 appropriates from the state treasury a sum not exceeding $2,000 per annum for their support. 
 There were held in the State, in 1878, sixty-six institutes, v,arying in length from one to two 
 weeks. The total number of persons enrolled as attendants was 4,944 
 
 Graded Schools. 
 
 Including those in the cities, the graded schools of the State number about four hundred. 
 The annual report of the State superintendent for 1S78 gives the number with two departments 
 as 207, and the number with three or more as 225. 
 
 A law of March, 1872, provided that "all graduates of any graded school of the state, who 
 shall have passed an examination at such graded school satisfactory to the faculty of the univer- 
 sity for admission into the sub-freshman class and college classes of the university, shall be at 
 once and at all times entitled to free tuition in all the colleges of the university." A consider- 
 able number of graduates of graded schools entered the university under this law during the 
 next four years, but it being deemed an unwise discrimination in favor of this class of students, 
 in 1876, in the same act which provided for the tax of one tenth of one mill, the legislature pro- 
 vided that from and after the 4th of July of that year no student, except students in law and 
 those taking extra studies, should be required to pay any fees for tuition. Few graded schools 
 of the state are able as yet to fully prepare students for entrance into the regular classes of the 
 classical department of the university. The larger number prepared by them still enter the 
 scientific department or the sub-freshman class. 
 
 The Township System. 
 
 In 1869 the legislature passed a law authorizing towns to adopt by vote the " township sys- 
 tem of school government." Under this system each town becomes one school district, and the 
 several school districts already existing become sub-districts. Each sub-district elects a clerk, 
 and these clerks constitute a body corporate under the name of the " board of school directors," and 
 are invested with the title and custody of all school houses, school-house sites, and other prop- 
 erty belonging to the sub-districts, with power to control them for the best interests of the 
 schools of the town. The law provides for an executive committee to execute the orders of the 
 
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 yCy'Z^'^rf^ -e*7. 
 
 c 
 
 FOMD DU LAC. 
 
EDT'CATIONAL HISTORY. 147 
 
 board, employ teachers, etc., and for a secretary to record proceedings of the board, have imme- 
 diate charge and supervision of the schools, and perform other specified duties. But few towns 
 ha\e as yet made trial of this system, although it is in successful operation in Pensylvania, Mas- 
 sachusetts, and some other states, and where fully and fairly tried in our own, has proved entirely 
 satisfactory. It is the general belief of our enlightened educational men that the plan has such 
 merits as ought to secure its voluntary adoption by the people of the state. 
 
 Free High ScHooLb. 
 
 In 1875 the legislature enacted that any town, incorporated village, or city, may establish 
 and maintain not more than two free high schools, and provided for an annual appropriation of 
 not to exceed $25,000, to refund one-half of the actual cost of instruction in such schools, but 
 no school to draw in any one year more than $500. At the session of 1877 the benefits of the 
 act were extended to such high schools already established as shall show by a proper report that 
 they have conformed to the requirements of the law. If towns decline to establish such a 
 school, one or more adjoining districts in the same have the privilege of doing so. The law has 
 met with much favor. For the school year ending August 31, 1876 (the first year in which it was 
 in operation), twenty such schools reported, and to these the sum of $7,466.50 was paid, being 
 an average of ^373.32 per school. For the year ending August 31, 1878, eighty-five schools 
 reported and received a pro rata division of the maximum appropriation. The high school law 
 was primarily designed to bring to rural neighborhoods the twofold advantages of (i) a higher 
 instruction than the common district schools afford, and (2) a better class of teachers for these 
 schools. It was anticipated, however, from the first that the immediate results of the law would 
 be chiefly the improvement of existing graded schools in the larger villages and in cities. 
 
 School Officers. 
 The school officers of Wisconsin are, a state superintendent of public instruction, sixty-four 
 county superintendents, twenty-eight city superintendents, and a school board in each district, 
 consisting of a director, treasurer, and clerk. The state and county superintendents hold office 
 two years, the district officers three years. In each independent city there is a board of educa- 
 tion, and the larger cities have each a city superintendent, who in some cases is also principal of 
 the high school. He is appointed for one year. The county board of supervisors determine, 
 within certain limits, the amount of money to be raised annually in each tiwn and ward of their 
 county for school purposes, levy an additional amount for the salary of the county superintend- 
 ents, may authorize a special school tax, and may under certain circumstances determine that 
 there shall be two superintendents for their county. The town board of supervisors have authority 
 to form and alter school districts, to issue notice for first meeting, to form union districts for high 
 school purposes, and appoint first boards for the same, to locate and establish school-house sites 
 under certain circumstances, to extinguish districts that have neglected to maintain school for 
 two years, and to dispose of the property of the same. The district clerks report annually to the 
 town clerks, the town clerks to the county superintendents, and the county and city superintend- 
 ents to the state superintendent, who in turn makes an annual report to the governor. 
 
 State Teachers' Certificates. 
 
 The state superintendent is authorized by law " to issue state certificates of high grade to 
 teachers of eminent qualifications.'* Two grades of these are given, one unlimited, and the 
 other good for five years. The examination is conducted by a board of three examiners, 
 appointed annually by the state superintendent, and acting under rules and regulations prescribed 
 by him. 
 
148 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN.. 
 
 Teachers' Associations. 
 
 Besides the Wisconsin State Teachers' Association, holding its annual session in the summer 
 
 and a semi-annual or " executive " session in the winter, there are, in several parts of the state, 
 
 county or district associations, holding stated meetings. The number of such associations is 
 
 annually increasing. 
 
 Libraries. 
 
 The utility of public libraries as a part of the means of popular enlightenment, was early 
 recognized in this state. The constitution, as set forth in 1848, required that a portion of the 
 income of the school fund should be applied to the " purchase of suitable libraries and appa- 
 ratus " for the common schools. The same year the legislature of the state, at its first session, 
 enacted that as soon as this income should amount to $60,000 a year (afterwards changed to 
 $30,000), each town superintendent might devote one tenth of the portion of this income received 
 by his town annually, to town library purposes, the libraries thus formed to be distributed among 
 the districts, in sections, and in rotation, once in three months. Districts were also empowered 
 to raise money for library books. The operation of this discretionary and voluntary system was 
 not successful. In ten years (1858) only about one third of the districts (1,121) had libraries, 
 embracing in all but 38,755 volumes, and the state superintendent, Hon. Lyman C. Draper, urged 
 upon the legislature a better system, of " town libraries," and a state tax for their creation and 
 maintenance. In 1857, the legislature enacted that ten per cent, of the yearly income of the 
 school fund should be applied to the purchase of town school libraries, and that an annual tax of 
 one tenth of one mill should be levied for the same purpose. The law was left incomplete, how- 
 ever, and in 1862, before the system had been perfected, the exigencies of the civil war led to 
 the repeal of the law, and the library fund which had accumulated from the ten per cent, of the 
 school fund income, and from the library tax, amounting in all to $88,784.78, was transferred to 
 the general fund. This may be considered a debt to the educational interests of the state that 
 should be repaid. Meanwhile the single district library system languishes and yearly grows 
 weaker. The re-enacting of a town library system, in which local effort and expenditure shall 
 be stimulated and supplemented by State aid, has been recommended by the State Teachers' 
 Association, and will, it is hoped, be secured, at no distant day, as a part of a complete town 
 system of schools and of public education. 
 
 List of State Superintendents. 
 
 The act creating the office was passed at the first session of the state legislature, in 1848. 
 The incumbents up to the present time have been as follows : 
 
 NAME OF INCUMBENT. DURATION OF INCUMBENCY. 
 
 Hon. E. Root Three years — 1849-50-51. 
 
 Hon. A. P. Ladd Two years — 1852-53. 
 
 Hon. H. A. Wright* One year and five months — 1S54-55. 
 
 Hon. A. C. Barry Two years and seven months — 1855-56-57. 
 
 Hon. L. C. Draper Two years— 1S58-59. 
 
 Hon. J. L. Pickardf Three years and nine months — 1860-61-62-63. 
 
 Hon. J. G. McMynn .Four years and three months— 1863-64-65-66-67. 
 
 Hon. A. J. Craigt- .Two years and six months — 1868-69-70. 
 
 Hon. Samuel Fallows Three years and six months — 1870-71-72-73. 
 
 Hon. Edward Searing _. .Four years — 1874-75-76-77. 
 
 Hon. W. C. Whitford ..Two years— 187S-79. 
 
 * Died, May 29, 1845. t Resigned, October i, 1863. t Died, July 3, 1870. 
 
EDUCATION A I. HTvSTORY. 149 
 
 Sketches of Collegks in Wisconsin.* 
 
 Beloit College was founded in 1847, at Beloit, under the auspices of the Congregational and 
 Presbyterian churches of Wisconsin and northern Illinois. In 1848, Rev. Joseph Emerson and 
 Rev. J. J. Bushnell were appointed professors, and in 1S49, Rev. A. L. Chapin was appointed 
 president, and has continued such until the present time The institution has had a steady 
 growth, has maintained a high standard of scholarship and done excellent work, both in its pre- 
 paratory and college departments. Two hundred and thirty-six young men have graduated. 
 Its lands and buildings are valued at $78,000, and its endowments and funds amount to about 
 $122,000. 
 
 Lawrence University, at .\ppleton, under the patronage of the Methodist church, was 
 organized as a college in 1850, having been an " institute " or academy for three years previous, 
 under the Rev. W. H. Sampson. The first president was Rev. Edward Cook ; the second, R. 
 Z. Mason ; the present one is the Rev. George M. Steele, D. D. It is open to both sexes, and 
 has graduated 130 young men, and 68 young women. It still maintains a preparatory depart- 
 ment. It has been an institution of great benefit in a new region of country, in the northeastern 
 part of the state. Receiving a liberal donation at the outset from the Hon. Amos A. Lawrence, 
 of Boston, it has land and buildings valued at $47,000, at Appleton, and funds and endowments 
 amounting to $60,000. 
 
 Milton College, an institution under the care of the Seventh Day Baptists, was opened as a 
 college in 1867, having been conducted as an academy since 1844. Rev. W. C. Whitford, the 
 president, was for many years the principal of the academy The institution has done much 
 valuable work, particularly in preparing teachers for our public schools. The college has gradu- 
 ated 38 young men and women, having previously graduated 93 academic students. It has lands, 
 buildings and endowments to the amount of about $50,000. 
 
 Ripon College, which was known till 1864 as Brockway College, was organized in 1853, at 
 Ripen, and is supported by the Congregational church. Since its re-organization, in 1863, it has 
 graduated 77 students (of both sexes) in the college courses, and has always maintained a large 
 and flourishing preparatory department. Under its present efficient head, the Rev. E. H. Mer- 
 rell, A. M., it is meeting with continued success. Its property amounts to about $125,000. 
 
 Racine College was founded by the Episcopal Church, at Racine, in 1852, under the Rev. 
 Roswell Park, D. D., as its first President. It was for a long time under the efficient administra- 
 tion of Rev. James De Koven, D. D., now deceased, who was succeeded by Rev. D. Stevens 
 Parker. It maintains a large boys' school also, and a preparatory department. It was designed, 
 in part, to train young men for the Nashotah Theological Seminary. It has property, including 
 five buildings, to the amount of about $180,000, and has graduated ninety-nine young men. Its 
 principal work, in which it has had great success, is that of a boys' school, modeled somewhat 
 after the English schools. 
 
 The Seminary of St. Francis of Sales, an ecclesiastical school, was established at St. Fran- 
 cis Station, near Milwaukee, chiefly by the combined efforts of two learned and zealous priests, 
 the Rev. Michael Heiss, now bishop of La Crosse, and the Rev. Joseph Salzmann. It was 
 opened in January, 1856, with Rev. M. Heiss as rector, and with 25 students. Rev. Joseph 
 ' alzmann was rector from September, 1868, to the time of his death, January 17, 1874, since 
 which lime Rev. C. Wapelhorst has held the rectorship. The latter is now assisted by twelve 
 professors, and the students number 267, of whom 105 are theologians, 31 students of philosophy, 
 and the rest classical students. 
 
 Pio Nono College is a Roman Catholic institution, at St. Francis Station, in the immediate 
 neighborhood of the Seminary of St. Francis. It was founded in 1 871, by Rev. Joseph Salzmann, 
 * The statistic? ip thi? division were obtained in 187''. and are for the nrevious vear. 
 
150 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 who was the first rector. He was succeeded in 1874 by the present rector, Rev. Thomas Brue- 
 ner, who is assisted by a corps of seven professors. Besides the college proper, there is a nor- 
 mal department, in which, in addition to the education that qualifies for teaching in common and 
 higher schools, particular attention is given to church music. There is also, under the same 
 management, but in an adjoining building, an institution for the instruction of the deaf and dumb. 
 The pupils in the latter, both boys and girls, numbering about 30, are taught to speak by sounds, 
 and it is said with the best success. 
 
 An institution was organized in 1865, at Prairie du Chien. under the name of Prairie du 
 Chien College, and under the care of J. T. Lovewell, as principal. In the course of two or three 
 years it passed into the hands of the Roman Catholic church, and is now known as St. John's 
 College. It has so far performed principally preparatory work. 
 
 Sinsinawa Mound College, a Roman Catholic institution, was founded in 1848, through the 
 labors of Father Mazzuchelli, but after doing a successful work, was closed in 1S63, and in 1867 
 the St. Clara academy was opened in the same buildings. 
 
 The Northwestern University, which is under the Lutheran church, was organized in 1865, 
 at Watertown, under Rev. August F. Ernst, as president. It has graduated 21 young men, and 
 has a preparatory department. Its property is valued at $50,000. 
 
 Galesville University was organized in 1859, under the patronage of the Methodist church 
 at Galesville, in the northwest part of the state. The first president was the Rev. Samuel Fal- 
 lows, since state superintendent. It has graduated ten young men and eight young women, its 
 work hitherto having been mostly preparatory. It is now under the patronage of the Presby- 
 terian denomination, with J. W. McLaury, A. M., as president. It has property valued at 
 $30,000, and an endowment of about $50,000. 
 
 Carroll College was established at Waukesha, by the Presbyterian church, in 1846. Prof. J. 
 W. Sterling, now of the state university, taught its primary classes that year. Under President 
 John A. Savage, D.D., with an able corps of professors, it took a high rank and graduated 
 classes ; but for several years past it has confined its work principally to academic studies. 
 Under W. L. Rankin, A. M.,the present principal, the school is doing good service. 
 
 Wayland University was established as a college, by the Baptists, at Beaver Dam, in 1854, 
 but never performed much college work. For three years past, it has been working under a new 
 charter as an academy and preparatory school, and is now known as Wayland Institute. 
 
 In 1 84 1, the Protestant Episcopal church established a mission in the wilds of Waukesha 
 county, and, at an early day, steps were taken to establish in connection therewith an institution 
 of learning. This was incorporated in 1847, by the name of Nashotah House. In 1852 the 
 classical school was located at Racine, and Nashotah House became distinctively a theological 
 seminary. It has an endowment of one professorship, the faculty and students being otherwise 
 sustained by voluntary contributions. It has a faculty of five protessors, with Rev. A. D. 
 Cole, D.D., as president, buildings pleasantly situated, and has graduated 185 theological students. 
 
 Female Colleges. 
 
 Two institutions have been known under this designation. The Milwaukee Female College 
 was founded in 1852, and ably conducted for several years, under the principalship of Miss Mary 
 Mortimer, now deceased. It furnished an advanced grade of secondary instruction. The Wis- 
 consin Female College, located at Fox Lake, was first incorporated in 1855, and re-organized in 
 1863. It has never reached a collegiate course, is now known as Fox Lake Seminary, and 
 admits both sexes. Rev. A. O. Wright, A. M., is the present principal. 
 
AGRICULTURE. 151 
 
 Academies and Seminaries. 
 
 The following institutions of academic grade, are now in operation: Albion Academy ; 
 Benton Academy; Big Foot Academy; Elroy Seminary; Fox Lake Seminary; two German and 
 English academies in Milwaukee; Janesville Academy; Kemper Hall, Kenosha; Lake Geneva 
 Seminary, Geneva; Lakeside Seminary, Oconomowoc; Marshall Academy, Marshall; Merrill 
 Institute, Fond du Lac ; Milwaukee Academy ; Racine Academy ; River Falls Institute ; 
 Rochester Seminary; St. Catherine's Academy, Racine; St. Clara Academy; Sinsinawa 
 Mound ; St. Mary's Institute, Milwaukee ; Sharon Academy ; and Wayland Institute, Beaver 
 Dam. Similar institutions formerly in operation but suspended or merged in other institu- 
 tions, were : Allen's Grove Academy; Appleton Collegiate Institute ; Baraboo Collegiate Insti- 
 tute; Beloit Female Seminary; Beloit Seminary; Brunson Institute, Mount Hope; Evansville Sem- 
 inary ; Janesville Academy (merged in the high school) ; Kilbourn Institute ; Lancaster Institute; 
 Milton Academy; Platteville Academy ; Southport Academy (Kenosha); Waterloo Academy ; 
 Waukesha Seminary ; Wesleyan Seminary, Eau Claire ; and Patch Grove Academy. The 
 most important of these were the Milton and Platteville Academies, the former merged in Mil- 
 ton College, the latter in the Platteville Normal School. Of the others, several were superseded 
 by the establishment of public high schools in the same localities. 
 
 Commercial Schools. 
 
 Gchools of this character, aiming to furnish what is called a business education, exist in Mil- 
 waukee, Janesville, Madison, LaCrosse, Green Bay, Oshkosh and Fond du Lac. The oldest and 
 largest is in Milwaukee, under the care of Prof. R. C. Spencer, and enrolls from two to three 
 hundred students annually. 
 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 
 Bv W. W. DANIELLS, M.S., Prof, of Chemistry and Agriculture at the University 
 
 OF Wisconsin. 
 
 The trend of the earliest industries of a country, is the result of the circumstances under 
 which those industries are developed. The attention of pioneers is confined to supplying the 
 immediate wants of food, shelter, and clothing. Hence, the firs tsettlers of a country are farm- 
 ers, miners, trappers, or fishermen, according as they can most readily secure the means of pres- 
 ent sustenance for themselves and their families. In the early history of Wisconsin this law is 
 well exemplified. The southern part of the state, consisting of alternations of prairie and tim- 
 ber, was first settled by farmers. As the country has developed, wealth accumulated, and means 
 of transportation have been furnished, farming has ceased to be the sole interest. Manufactories 
 have been built along the rivers, and the mining industry of the southwestern part of the state has 
 grown to one of considerable importance. The shore of Lake Michigan was first mainly settled 
 tied by fishermen, but the later growth of agriculture and manufactures has nearly overshadowed 
 the fishing interest; as has the production of lumber, in the north half of the state, eclipsed the 
 trapping and fur interests of the first settlers. That the most important industry of Wisconsin 
 is farming, may be seen from the following statistics of the occupation of the people as given by 
 the United States census. Out of each one hundred inhabitants, of all occupations, 68 were 
 
152 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 farmers, in 1840; 52 in 1850; 54 in i860; 55 in 1870. The rapid growth of the agriculture of 
 the state is illustrated by the increase in the number of acres of improved land in farms, and in 
 the value of farms and of farm implements and machinery, as shown by the following table, com- 
 piled from the United States census : 
 
 
 ACRES IMPROVED LAND 
 IN FARMS. 
 
 VALUE OF FARMS, 
 INCLUDING IMPROV- 
 ED AND UNIMPROV- 
 ED LANDS. 
 
 VALUE OF FARM 
 IMPLEMENTS 
 
 
 TOTAL. 
 
 TO EACH 
 INHAB. 
 
 AND 
 MACHINERY. 
 
 1850 
 
 i860 
 1S70 
 
 1.045,499 
 3,746,167 
 5.899.343 
 
 3-4 
 4.8 
 5.6 
 
 $ 28,528,563 
 131,117,164 
 300,414,064 
 
 $ 1,641.568 
 
 5.758,847 
 
 14,239.364 
 
 Farming, at the present time, is almost entirely confined to the south half of the state, the 
 northern half being still largely covered by forests. A notable exception to this statement is 
 found in the counties on the western border, which are well settled by farmers much farther north. 
 The surface of the agricultural portion of the state is for the most part gently undulating, afford- 
 ing ready drainage, without being so abruptly broken as to render cultivation difficult. The soil 
 is varied in character, and mostly very fertile. The southern portion of the state consists of 
 undulating prairies of variable size — the largest being Rock prairie — alternating with oak openings. 
 The prairies have the rich alluvial soil so characteristic of the western prairies, and are easily 
 worked. The soil of the "openings " land is usually a sandy loam, readily tilled, fertile, but not 
 as "strong '' as soils having more clay. The proportion of timber to prairie increases passing north 
 from the southern boundary of the state, and forests of maple, basswood and elm, replace, to 
 some extent, the oak lands. In these localities, the soil is more clayey, is strong and fertile, not 
 as easily tilled, and not as quickly exhausted as are the more sandy soils of the oak lands. In 
 that portion of the state known geologically as the " driftless " region, the soil is invariably good 
 where the surface rock is limestone. In some of the valleys, however, where the lime-rock has 
 been removed by erosion, leaving the underlying sandstone as the surface rock, the soil is sandy 
 and unproductive, except in those localities where a large amount of alluvial matter has been 
 deposited by the streams. The soils of the pine lands of the north of the state, are generally 
 sandy and but slightly fertile. However, where pine is replaced by maple, oak, birch, elm and 
 basswood, the soil is "heavier " and very fertile, even to the shores of Lake Superior. 
 
 The same natural conditions that make Wisconsin an agricultural state, determined that 
 during its earlier years the main interest should be grain-growing. The fertile prairies covering 
 large portions of the southern part of the state had but to be plowed and sowed with grain to 
 produce an abundant yield. From the raising of cereals the pioneer farmer could get the 
 quickest returns for his labor. Hence in 1850, two years after its admission to the Union, Wis- 
 consin was the ninth state in order in the production of wheat, while in i860 this rank was raised 
 to third, Illinois and Indiana only raising more. The true rank of the state is not shown by 
 these figures. Were the number of inhabitants and the number of acres of land in actual culti- 
 vation taken into account in the comparison, the state would stand still higher in rank than is 
 here indicated. There is the same struggle for existence, and the same desire for gain the world 
 over, and hence the various phases of development of the same industry in different civilized 
 countries is mainly the result of the widely varying economical conditions imposed upon that 
 industry. Land is thoroughly cultivated in Europe, not because the Europeans have any 
 inherent love for good cultivation, but because there land is scarce and costly, while labor is 
 superabundant and cheap. In America, on the other hand, and especially in the newer states, 
 
AGRICl'LTl'RE. 153 
 
 land is abundant and cheap, while labor is scarce and costly. In its productive industries each 
 country is alike economical in the use of the costly element in production, and more lavish in 
 the use of that which is cheaper. Each is alike economically wise in following such a course 
 when it is not carried to too great extremes. With each the end sought is the greatest return for 
 the expenditure of a given amount of capital. In accordance with this law of economy, the 
 early agriculture of Wisconsin was mere land-skimming. Good cultivation of the soil was never 
 thought of. The same land was planted successively to one crop, as long as it yielded enough 
 to pay for cultivation. The economical principle above stated was carried to an extreme. Farm- 
 ing as then practiced was a quick method of land exhaustion. It was always taking out of the 
 purse, and never putting in. No attention was paid to sustaining the soil's fertility. The only 
 aim was to secure the largest crop for the smallest outlay of capital, without regard to the future. 
 Manures were never used, and such as unavoidably accumulated was regarded as a great nuis- 
 ance, often rendering necessary the removal of stables and outbuildings. Straw-stacks were 
 invariably burned as the most convenient means of disposing of them. Wheat, the principal 
 product, brought a low price, often not more than fifty cents a bushel, and had to be marketed 
 by teams at some point from which it could be carried by water, as this was, at an early day, the 
 only means of transportation. On account of the sparse settlement of the country, roads were 
 poor, and the farmer, after raising and threshing his wheat, had to spend, with a team, from two 
 to five days, marketing the few bushels that a team could draw. So that the farmer had every 
 obstacle to contend with except cheap and very fertile land, that with the poorest of cultivation 
 gave a comparatively abundant yield of grain. Better tillage, accompanied with the use of 
 manures and other fertilizers, would not, upon the virgin soils, have added sufficiently to the 
 yield to pay the cost of applying them. Hence, to the first farmers of the state, poor farming was 
 the only profitable farming, and consequently the only good farming, an agriculturo-economical 
 paradox from which there was no escape. Notwithstanding the fact that farmers could economi- 
 cally follow no other system than that of land-exhaustion, as described, such a course was none 
 the less injurious to the state, as it was undermining its foundation of future wealth, by destroy- 
 ing the fertility of the soil, that upon which the permanent wealth and prosperity of every agri- 
 cultural community is first dependent. Besides this evil, and together with it, came the habit of 
 loose and slovenly farming acquired by pioneers, which continued after the conditions making 
 that method a necessity had passed away. With the rapid growth of the northwest came better 
 home markets and increased facilities for transportation to foreign markets, bringing with them 
 higher prices for all products of the farm. As a consequence of these better conditions, land in 
 farms in the state increased rapidly in value, from $9.58 per acre in 1850, to §16.61 in i860, an 
 increase of 62 per cent., while the total number of acres in farms increased during the 
 same time from 2,976,658 acres to 7,893,587 acres, or 265 per cent. With this increase in the 
 value of land, and the higher prices paid for grain, should have come an improved system of hus- 
 bandry which would prevent the soil from deteriorating in fertility. This could have been 
 accomplished either by returning to the soil, in manures and fertilizers, those ingredients of which 
 it was being rapidly drained by continued grain-growing, or by the adoption of a system of mixed 
 husbandry, which should include the raising of stock and a judicious rotation of crops. Such a 
 system is sure to come. Indeed, it is now slowly coming. Great progress upon the earlier 
 methods of farming have already been made. But so radical and thorough a change in the 
 habits of any class of people as that from the farming of pioneers to a rational method that will 
 preserve the soil's fertility and pay for the labor it demands, requires many years for its full 
 accomplishment. It will not even keep pace with changes in those economical conditions which 
 
154 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 favor it. In the rapid settlement of the northwestern states this change has come most rapidly 
 with the replacement of the pioneer farmers by immigrants accustomed to better methods of 
 culture. In such cases the pioneers usually 'go west'' again, to begin anew their frontier farming 
 upon virgin soil, as their peculiar method of cultivation fails to give them a livelihood. In Wis- 
 consin as rapid progress is being made in the system of agriculture as, all things considered, 
 could reasonably be expected. This change for the better has been quite rapid for the past ten 
 years, and is gaining in velocity and momentum each year. It is partly the result of increased 
 intelligence relating to farming, and partly the result of necessity caused by the unprofitableness 
 of the old method. 
 
 The estimated value of all agricultural products of the state, including that of orchards, 
 market gardens, and betterments, was, in 1870, as given in the census of that year, $79,072,967, 
 which places Wisconsin twelfth in rank among the agricultural states of the Union. In 1875, 
 according to the " Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture," the value of the principal farm 
 crops in this state was $58,957,050. According to this estimation the state ranks ninth in agri- 
 cultu'-al importance. As has been before stated, Wisconsin is essentially a grain-growing state. 
 This interest has been the principal one, not because the soil is better adapted to grain-growing 
 than to general, stock, or dairy farming, but rather because this course, which was at an early 
 day most immediately profitable, has been since persistently followed from force of habit, even 
 after it had failed to be remunerative. 
 
 The following table shows the bushels of the different grains raised in the state for the years 
 indicated : 
 
 Year. 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 RYE. 
 
 CORN. 
 
 OATS. 
 
 BARLEY. 
 
 BUCK- 
 WHEAT. 
 
 1850... 
 
 i860 
 
 1870 ... 
 1875*--. 
 
 4,286,131 
 i5.657.45S 
 25,606,344 
 25,200,000 
 
 81,253 
 
 888,544 
 
 1.325.294 
 
 1,340,000 
 
 I.9SS.979 
 
 7.517.300 
 
 15,033,988 
 
 15,200,000 
 
 3.414.672 
 11,059,260 
 20,180,016 
 26,600,000 
 
 209,672 
 
 707.307 
 
 1,645,019 
 
 2,200,000 
 
 79,878 
 
 38.987 
 408,897 
 275,000 
 
 From these statistics it will be seen that the increase in the production of grain was very 
 rapid up to 1870, while since that time it has been very slight. This rapid increase in grain 
 raising is first attributable to the ease with which this branch of farming was carried on upon the 
 new and very rich soils of the state, while in the older states this branch of husbandry has been 
 growing more difficult and expensive, and also to the fact that the war in our own country so 
 increased the demand for grain from 1861 to 1866 as to make this course the most immediately 
 profitable. But with the close of the war came a diminished demand. Farmers were slow to 
 recognize this fact, and change the character of their productions to accord with the wants of 
 the market, but rather continued to produce the cereals in excess of the demand. The chinch 
 bug and an occasional poor season seriously injured the crops, leaving those who relied princi- 
 pally upon the production of grain little or nothing for their support. Hard times resulted from 
 these poor crops. More wheat and corn was the farmer's usual remedy for hard times. So that 
 more wheat and corn were planted. More crop failures with low prices brought harder times, 
 until gradually the farmers of the state have opened their eyes to the truth that they can succeed 
 in other branches of agriculture than grain growing, and to the necessity of catering to the 
 
 ♦Estimated in report of commissioner of agriculture. 
 
AGRICULTURE. 155 
 
 demands of the market. The value in 1869 of all farm products and betterments of the state 
 was $79,072,967. There were raised of wheat the same year 25,606,344 bushels, which at $1.03 
 per bushel, the mean price reported by the Milwaukee board of trade, for No. 2 wheat (the lead- 
 ing grade), for the year ending July 31, 1870, amounts to $26,374,524, or one third the value of 
 all agricultural products and betterments. The average production per acre, as estimated by the 
 commissioner of agriculture, was 14 bushels. Hence there were 1,829,024 acres of land devoted to 
 this one crop, nearly one third of all the improved land in the state. Of the wheat crop of 1869 
 24,375,435 bushels were spring wheat, and 1,230,909 bushels were winter wheat, which is 19.8 
 bushels of spring to i bushel of winter wheat. The latter is scarcely sown at all on the prairies, 
 or upon light opening soils. In some of the timbered regions hardy varieties do well, but it is 
 not a certain crop, as it is not able to withstand the winters, unless covered by snow or litter. It 
 is not injured as seriously by the hard freezing, as by the alternate freezing and thawing of Feb- 
 ruary and March. 
 
 The continued cropping of land with grain is a certain means of exhausting the soil of the 
 phosphates, and of those nitrogenous compounds that are essential to the production of grain, and 
 yet are present even in the most fertile soils in but small quantities. To the diminished yield 
 partly attributable to the overcropping of the land, and partially to poor seasons and chinch bugs, 
 and to the decline in prices soon after the war, owing to an over production of wheat, may largely 
 be attributed the hard times experienced by the grain growing farmers of Wisconsin from 1872 to 
 1877. The continued raising of wheat upon the same land, alternated, if any alternation 
 occurred, with barley, oats, or corn, has produced its sure results. The lesson has cost the 
 farmers of the state dearly, but it has not been altogether lost. A better condition of affairs has 
 already begun. Wheat is gradually losing its prestige as the farmers' sole dependence, while 
 stock, dairy, and mixed farming are rapidly increasing. The number of bushels of wheat 
 raised to each inhabitant in the state was in 1850 fourteen, in i860 twenty-three and eight tenths 
 in 1870 twenty-four, and in 1875 twenty and four tenths. These figures do not indicate a dimin- 
 ished productiveness of the state, but show, with the greatly increased production in other 
 branches of husbandry, that farmers are changing their system to one more diversified and 
 rational. Straw stacks are no longer burned, and manure heaps are not looked upon as altogether 
 useless. Much more attention is now paid to the use of fertilizers. Clover with plaster is looked 
 upon with constantly increasing favor, and there is a greater seeking for light upon the more 
 difficult problems of a profitable agriculture 
 
 Corn is raised to a large extent, although Wisconsin has never ranked as high in corn, as in 
 wheat growing. Sixteen states raised more corn in 1870 than this state, and in 1875, seventeen 
 states raised more. Corn requires a rich, moist soil, with a long extended season of warm sun- 
 shine. While this crop can be raised with great ease in the larger portion of the state, it will 
 always succeed better farther south, both on account of the longer summers and the greater 
 amount of rainfall. According to the statistics of the commissioner of agriculture, the average 
 yield per acre for a period of ten years, is about 30 bushels. Corn is an important crop in the 
 economy of the farmer, as from it he obtains much food for his stock, and it is his principal 
 dependence for fattening pork. On these accounts it will, without doubt, retain its place in the 
 husbandry of the state, even when stock and dairy farming are followed to a much greater extent 
 than at present. Barley is cultivated largely throughout the state, but five states produced more 
 in 1870, than Wisconsin. The great quantity of beer brewed here, furnishes a good home market 
 for this grain. Barley succeeds best in a rather moist climate, having a long growing season. 
 The dry, short summers of Wisconsin, are not well adapted to its growth. Hence the average 
 
156 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 yield is but a medium one, and the quality of the grain is only fair. According to the returns 
 furnished the commissioner of agriculture, the average yield for a period of ten years, is 22 
 bushels per acre. 
 
 Next to wheat, more bushels of oats are raised than of any other grain. Wisconsin was, in 
 i860, fifth in rank among the oat-growing states; in 1870, sixth. The rich soils of the state 
 raise an abundant crop of oats with but little labor, and hence their growth in large quantities is 
 not necessarily an indication of good husbandry. They will bear poor cultivation better than 
 corn and are frequently grown upon land too weedy to produce that grain. It is a favorite 
 grain for feeding, especially to horses. With the best farmers, oats are looked upon with less 
 favor than corn, because it is apt to leave land well seeded with weeds which are difficult to 
 exterminate. In the production of rye, Wisconsin ranked seventh in i860, and fourth in 1S70. 
 It is a much surer crop in this state than winter wheat, as it is less easily winter-killed when not 
 protected by snow, than is that grain. Besides, it ripens so early as not to be seriously injured 
 by drouth in summer, and succeeds well even upon the poorer soils. The average yield per acre 
 is about 16 bushels. 
 
 But few hops were grown in Wisconsin, up to i860, when owing to an increased demand by 
 the breweries < f the state, there was a gradual but healthful increase in hop culture. A few 
 years later the advent of the hop louse, and other causes of failure at the east, so raised the price 
 of hops as to make them a very profitable crop to grow. Many acres were planted in this state 
 from 1863 to 1865, when the total product was valued at nearly $350,000. The success of those 
 em^at^ed in this new branch of farming, encouraged others to adopt it. The profits were large. 
 Wheat growing had not for several years been remunerative, and in 1S67 and 1868, the " hop 
 fever " became an epidemic, almost a plague. The crop of Sauk county alone was estimated at 
 over 4,000,000 pounds, worth over $2,000,000. The quality of the crop was excellent, the yield 
 lar^e and the price unusually high. The secretary of the State .Agricultural society says, in his 
 report for that year, " Cases are numerous in which the first crop has paid for the land and all 
 the improvements." To many farmers hop raising appeared to offer a sure and speedy course to 
 wealth. But a change came quickly. The hop louse ruined the crop, and low prices caused by 
 over production, aided in bringing ruin to many farmers. In 1867, the price of hops was from 
 40 to 55 cents per pound, while in 1869 it was from 10 to 15 cents, some of poor quality selling 
 as low as 5 cents. Many hop yards were plowed up during 1869 and 1870. The area under 
 cultivation to this crop in 1875, was, according to the " Report of the Secretary of State," 10,932 
 
 acres. 
 
 The production of tobacco has greatly increased since i860, when there were raised in the 
 state 87,340 pounds. In 1870, the product was 960,813 pounds. As is well known, the quality 
 of tobacco grown iii the northern states is greatly inferior for chewing and smoking, to that grown 
 in the south, although varieties having a large, tough leaf, suitable for cigar wrappers, do well 
 here. The variety principally grown is the Connecticut seed leaf Tobacco can only be grown 
 successfully on rich, fertile soils, and it is very exhausting to the land. Of the amount produced 
 in 1870, there were raised in Rock county 645,408 pounds, and in Dane county, 229,568 pounds; 
 the enUre remaining portion of the state raised but 85,737 pounds. According to the report of 
 the secretary of state, the whole number of acres planted to tobacco in 1875, was 3,296. Of this 
 amount Rock county planted 1,676 acres, and Dane county, 1,454 acres, leaving for the remain- 
 der of the state but 166 acres. While the crop has been fairly productive and profitable, these 
 statistics show that up to the present time tobacco-raising has been a merely local interest. 
 
 The production of flax is another merely local industry, it being confined principally to the 
 
AGRICULTURE. 157 
 
 counties of Kenosha, Grant, Iowa and LaFayette. Of flax fibre, Kenosha county raised in 1869, 
 nearly four fifths of the entire amount grown in the state, the total being 497,398 pounds. With 
 the high price of labor and the low price of cotton now ruling, it is scarcely possible to make the 
 raising of flax fibre profitable. Flax seed is raised to a small e.vtent in the other counties men- 
 tioned. The present price of oil makes this a fairly profitable crop. If farmers fully appreciated 
 that in addition to the oil, the oil cake is of great value as a food for cattle and sheep, and also 
 that the manure made by the animals eating it, is of three times the value of that made by ani- 
 mals fed upon corn, doubtless much more flax seed would be raised than is at present. Ameri- 
 can oil-cake finds a ready market in England, at prices which pay well for its exportation. If 
 English farmers can afford to carry food for their stock so far, American farmers may well strive 
 to ascertain if they can afford to allow the exportation of so valuable food. When greater atten- 
 tion is paid in our own country to the quality of the manure made by our stock, more oil-cake 
 will be fed at home, and a much smaller proportion of that made here will be exported. 
 
 The amount of maple sugar produced diminishes as the settlement of the state increases, 
 and is now scarcely sufficient in amount to be an item in the state's productions. The increase 
 in the price of sugar from 1861 to 186S caused many farmers to try sorghum raising. But the 
 present low prices of this staple has caused an abandonment of the enterprise. Two attempts 
 have been made in Wisconsin to manufacture beet-root sugar, the first at Fond du Lac in 1867 
 the second at Black Hawk, Sauk county, in 1870. The Fond du Lac company removed their 
 works to California in 1869, not having been successful in their efforts. The Black Hawk com- 
 pany made, in 1871, more than 134,000 pounds of sugar, but have since abandoned the business. 
 Both these failures may be attributed to several causes, first of which was the want of sufficient 
 capital to build and carry on a factory sufficiently large to enable the work to be done economi- 
 cally ; secondly, the difficulty of sufficiently interesting farmers in the business to induce them 
 to raise beets on so large a scale as to warrant the building of such a factory; and, thirdly, the high 
 price of labor and the low price of sugar. The quality of beets raised was good, the polarization 
 test showing in many instances as high as sixteen per cent, of sugar. The larger proportion of 
 hay made in the state is from the natural meadows, the low lands or marshes, where wild grasses 
 grow in abundance, and hay only costs the cutting and curing. Cultivated grasses do well 
 throughout the state, and " tame hay " can be made as easily here as elsewhere. The limestone 
 soils, where timber originally grew, are of the uplands, most natural to grass, and, consequently, 
 furnish the richest meadows, and yield the best pasturage. Ye e only soils where grasses do 
 not readily grow, are those which are so sandy and dry as to be nearly barrens. Clover grows 
 throughout the state in the greatest luxuriance. There is occasionally a season so dry as to make 
 "seeding down " a failure, and upon light soils clover, when not covered with snow, is apt to win- 
 ter-kill. Yet it is gaining in favor with farmers, both on account of the valuable pasturage and 
 hay it affords, and on account of its value as a soil renovator. In wheat-growing regions, clover 
 is now recognized to be of the greatest value in a " rotation," on account of its ameliorating 
 influence upon the soil. Throughout the stock and dairy regions, clover is depended upon to a 
 large extent for pasturage, and to a less extent for hay. 
 
 There has been a growing interest in stock raising for the past ten years, although the 
 increase has not been a rapid one. Many of the herds of pure-blood cattle in the state rank 
 high for their great excellence. The improvement of horses has been less rapid than that of cattle, 
 sheep, and swine; yet this important branch of stock farming is improving each year. The most 
 attention is given to the improvement of draught and farm horses, while roadsters and fast horses 
 are not altogether neglected. There are now owned in the state a large number of horses of the 
 heavier English and French breeds, which are imparting to their progeny their own characteristics 
 
158 
 
 rrrsTORY of avtscoxsin. 
 
 of excellence, the effects of which are already visible in many of the older regions of the state. 
 Of the different breeds of cattle, the Short-horns, the Ayrshires, the Devons, and the Jerseys are 
 well represented. The Short-horns have met with most favor with the general farmer, the grades 
 of this breed being large, and possessing in a high degree the quiet habits and readiness to fat- 
 ten, so characteristic of the full-bloods. Without doubt, the grade Short-horns will continue in 
 the high favor in which they are now held, as stock-raising becomes a more important branch of 
 the husbandry of the state. Of pure blood Short-horns there are many herds, some of which 
 are of the very highest e.xcellence. At the public sales of herds from this state, the prices 
 have ranked high universally, and in a few cases have reached the highest of " fancy " prices, 
 showing the estimate placed by professional breeders upon the herds of Wisconsin. The Ayr- 
 shires are increasing in numbers, and are held in high esteem by many dairymen. They are not 
 yet, however, as generally disseminated over the state, as their great merit as a milking breed 
 would warrant. The rapid growth of the dairy interest will doubtless increase their numbers 
 greatly, at least as grades, in the dairying region. Of pure bred Devons and Jerseys, there are 
 fewer than of the former breeds. The latter are principally kept in towns and cities to furnish 
 milk for a single family. The following table shows the relative importance of stock raising in 
 the state for the years mentioned. The figures are an additional proof to those already given, 
 that the grain industry has held sway in Wisconsin to the detriment of other branches of farming, 
 as well as to the state's greatest increase in wealth. 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 WHOLE NUM- 
 BER OF NEAT 
 CATTLE. 
 
 NO. TO E.\CH 
 
 100 ACRES OF 
 
 IMPROVED 
 
 LAND. 
 
 WHOLE NUM- 
 BER OF SHEEP. 
 
 NUMBER TO 
 EACH 100 
 ACRES OF 
 IMPROVED 
 LAND. 
 
 POUNDS OF 
 WOOL PRO- 
 DUCED. 
 
 POUNDS 
 
 OF WOOL 
 
 PER 
 
 HEAD. 
 
 1850 
 
 i860 
 
 1870 
 
 1875* 
 
 183.433 
 521,860 
 693,294 
 922,900 
 
 17 
 14 
 12 
 II 
 
 124,896 
 
 332,954 
 1,069,282 
 1,162,800 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 i8 
 
 14 
 
 253,963 
 1,011,933 
 4,090,670 
 (?) 
 
 2.03 
 3-04 
 3.82 
 
 (?) 
 
 * F-iitimated in report of commissioner of .igriculture. 
 
 The growth and present condition of sheep husbandry, compare much more favorably with 
 the general development of the state than does that of cattle raising. In a large degree this 
 may be accounted for by the impetus given to wool raising during our civil war by the scarcity 
 of cotton, and the necessary substitution to a great extent, of woolen for cotton goods. This 
 great demand for wool for manufacturing purposes produced a rapid rise in the price of this 
 staple, making its production a very profitable branch of farming. With the close' of the war 
 came a lessened demand, and consequently lower prices. Yet at no time has the price of wool 
 fallen below that at which it could be profitably produced. This is the more notably true vvhen 
 the value of sheep in keeping up the fertility and productiveness of land, is taken into account. 
 The foregoing table shows the improvement in this branch of husbandry since 1850 
 
 Although many more sheep might profitably be kept in the state, the above figures show that 
 the wool interest is fairly developed, and the average weight of fleece is an assurance of more 
 than ordinarily good stock. The fine-wooled sheep and their grades predominate, although 
 there are in the state some excellent stock of long-wools — mostly Cotswold — and of South- 
 downs. 
 
 Of all the agricultural interests of the state, no other has made as rapid growth during the 
 last ten years, as has that of dairying. With the failure of hop-growing, began the growth -J' 
 the factory system of butter and cheese making, and the downfall of the one was scarcely more 
 rapid than has been the upbuilding of the other. The following statistics of the production of 
 butter and cheese illustrate this rapid progress. It will be remembered that for the years 1850, 
 
AGRICULTURE. 
 
 159 
 
 i860, and 1870 the statistics are from the U. S. census, and hence include all the butter and 
 cheese made in the state, while for the remaining years, only that made by factories and pro- 
 fessional dairymen as reported to the secretary of the State Dairymen's Association, is included. 
 It has been found impossible to obtain the statistics of butter, except for the census years. 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 BUTTER. 
 
 CHE SE. 
 
 1S50.--. .-- 
 
 i860 
 
 lbs. 
 
 3.633.750 
 13,611,328 
 22,473.036 
 
 lbs. 
 
 400,283 
 1,104,300 
 
 1,591.798 
 13,000,000 
 15,000,000 
 17,000,000 
 
 1870 - 
 
 1S74--- 
 
 1875 
 
 
 1876 
 
 
 
 The quality of Wisconsin dairy products is excellent, as may be judged by the fact that, at 
 the Centennial Exhibition, Wisconsin cheese received twenty awards, a larger number than was 
 given to any other state except New York, and for butter Wisconsin received five awards. No 
 state received more, and only New York and Illinois received as many. Wisconsin received one 
 award for each fourteen cheeses on exhibition No other state received so large a proportion. 
 New York received the largest number of awards, viz., twenty-one, but only secured one award 
 for each thirty cheeses on exhibition. The number of cheese and butter factories is increasing 
 each year, and there is being made in the better grazing regions of the state, as rapid a transition 
 frorrt grain to dairy-farming as is consistent with a healthful growth. This interest, which is now 
 an important one in the state's industrial economy, has before it a promising future, both in its 
 own development, and in its indirect influence upon the improvement of the agriculture of the 
 state. 
 
 The history of the earlier attempts in frull raising in Wisconsin would be little more than a 
 record of failures. The pioneers planted apple, peach, plum, and cherry trees, but they gathered 
 little or no fruit. As was natural, they planted those varieties that were known to do well in the 
 older states of the same latitude. Little was known of the climate, and there was no apparent 
 reason why those varieties should not do well here. The first orchards died The same varie- 
 ties were replanted, and again the orchards died. Gradually, through the costly school of 
 experience, it was learned that the climate was different from that of the eastern states, and that 
 to succeed here varieties of fruit must be such as were adapted to the peculiar climate of this 
 state. These peculiarities are hot, and for the most part, dry summers, cold and dry winters. 
 The dryness of the climate has been the greatest obstacle to success, as this is indirectly the cause 
 of the great extremes of temperature experienced here. The summers are often so dry that the 
 growth of the trees is not completed, and the wood sufficiently well ripened to enable it to with- 
 stand the rigors of winter. And the clear, dry atmosphere of winter allows the sun's rays to 
 pass through it so unobstructedly as to warm the body of the tree upon the sunny side, above 
 the freezing point, even though the temperature of the air is much lower. The alternate thawing 
 and freezing ruptures the tender cells connecting the bark and wood, producing a complete sepa- 
 ration of these parts, and often besides bursts the bark. The separation of bark and wood 
 destroys the circulation of the sap upon that side of the tree, thus enfeebling the entire 
 plant. The tree is not able to form new bark over the ruptured part, and a diseased spot 
 results. Such a plant makes but a feeble growth of poorly ripened wood, and soon dies 
 
160 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 altogether. Besides the above cause, the extreme cold weather occasionally experienced will kill 
 healthy trees of all varieties not extremely hardy. Notwithstanding these natural obstacles, a 
 good degree of success has been attained in the raising of apples and grapes. This success has 
 been the result of persevering effort upon the part of the horticulturists of the state, who have 
 sought the causes of failure in order that they might be removed or avoided. It is thus by intel- 
 ligent observation that the fruit growers have gained the experience which brings with it a 
 creditable success. The first requisite to success is the planting of varieties sufficiently hardy 
 to withstand our severe winters. This has been accomplished by selecting the hardiest of the 
 old varieties, and by raising seedlings, having besides hardiness, qualities sufficiently valuable to 
 make them worthy of cultivation. The second requisite to success is in the selection of a situa- 
 tion having suitable soil and exposure, and thirdly, proper care after planting. Among the 
 hardy varieties of apples regarded with greatest favor are Tetofski, Red Astrachan, and Duchess 
 of Oldenberg, all Russian varieties, and Faraeuse from Canada. Besides these there are a few 
 American varieties so hardy as to prove reliable in the south half of the state. Among these 
 are a few seedlings that have originated in Wisconsin. Apple trees are less apt to be injured by 
 the winter upon a site sloping to the northeast or north, where they are less directly exposed to 
 the rays of the winter's sun. High ground is much better than low, and a good, strong, not too 
 rich soil is best. Apples do better upon soils where timber originally grew than on the prairies^ 
 and they are grown more easily along the border of Lake Michigan than in the interior of the 
 state. Pears are raised to but a slight extent, as only a few of the hardiest varieties will succeed 
 at all, and these only in favorable situations. Grapes are grown in great abundance, and in 
 great perfection, although not of the more tender varieties. The Concord, on account of its 
 hardiness and excellent bearing qualities, is cultivated most generally. Next to this comes the 
 Delaware, while many other varieties, both excellent and prolific, are raised with great ease. The 
 season is seldom too short to ripen the fruit well, and the only precaution necessary to protect 
 the vines during the winter is a covering of earth or litter. Cranberries grow spontaneously 
 upon many marshes in the interior of the state. Within a few years considerable attention has 
 been given to improving these marshes, and to the cultivation of this most excellent fruit. 
 Doubtless within a few years the cranberry crop will be an important one among the fruit pro- 
 ductions of the state. All of the small fruits adapted to this latitude are cultivated in abundance, 
 and very successfully, the yield being often times exceedingly large. Altogether, the horticul- 
 tural interests of the state are improving, and there is a bright prospect that in the near future 
 fruit growing will not be looked upon with the disfavor with which it has been regarded here- 
 tofore. 
 
 Of the associations for advancing the agricultural interests of the state, the first organized 
 was the " State Agricultural Society." The earliest efforts to establish such an organization were 
 made at Madison in December, 1846, during the session of the first constitutional convention of 
 the territory. A constitution was adopted, but nothing further was done. In February, 1849^ 
 another meeting was held in Madison, at which it was " Resolved, That in view of the great 
 importance of agriculture in the west, it is expedient to form a state agricultural society in 
 Wisconsin." Another constitution was adopted, and officers were elected, but no effectual 
 organization resulted from this second attempt. The " Wisconsin State Agricultural Society"— 
 the present organization — had its incepdon in a meeting held at Madison, March 8, 1S51, at 
 which a committee was appointed to report a constitution and by-laws, and to nominate persons 
 to fill the various offices of said society. At its organization, the society was composed of annual 
 members, who paid one dollar dues each year, and of life members, who, upon the payment of 
 ten dollars, were exempt from the annual contribution. The annual membership was afterward 
 
AGRICULTURE 161 
 
 abolished, and in 1869 the fee constituting one a life member was raised to twenty dollars. The 
 first annual fair of the society was held in Janesville, in October, 185 i Fairs have been held 
 annually since, except during the years i86i, 1862 and 1863, In 1851 premiums were paid to 
 the amount of only $140, while at the present time they amount to nearly fio,ooo. In 1851 
 there were five life members. At the present time there are over seven hundred, representing all 
 the various industries of the state. The fairs held under the auspices of this society have been 
 of excellent character, and have been fruitful of good to all the industries of the state, but more 
 especially to the farmers. The state has been generous in aid of this society, having furnished 
 commodious rooms for its use in the capitol building, printed the annual report of the secretary, 
 a volume of about 500 pages, and donated annually, for many years, $2,000 toward its support. 
 Besides its annual fairs, for the past five years there has been held an annual convention, under 
 the auspices of this society, for the reading and discussing of papers upon topics of interest to 
 farmers, and for a general interchange of ideas relating to fanning. These conventions are held 
 in high esteem by the better class of farmers, and have added greatly to the usefulness of the 
 society. The " Wisconsin State Horticultural Society" was originally the "Wisconsin State 
 Fruit Growers' Association," which was organized in December, 1853, at Whitewater. Its 
 avowed object was "the collecting, arranging, and disseminating facts interesting to those engaged 
 in the culture of fruits, and to embody for their use the results ot" the practice and experiments 
 of fruit growers in all parts of the state." Exhibitions and conventions of the association were 
 held annually up to i860, after which the society was disorganized, owing to the breaking out of 
 the war of the rebellion A volume of " Transactions " was published by the association in 
 1855. In 1859 its transactions were published with those of the state agricultural society. From 
 i860 to 1865 no state horticultural association was in existence. In September of the latter 
 year the " Wisconsin Fruit Growers' Association " was reorganized as the " Wisconsin State Hor- 
 ticultural Society." The legislature had previously provided for the publication of the proceedings 
 of such a society, in connection with those of the State Agricultural Society. The new society has 
 held annual exhibitions, usually in connection with those of the State Agricultural Society, and 
 annual conventions for the reading of papers upon, and the discussion of, horticultural subjects. In 
 1871 an act was passed by the legislature incorporating the society, and providing for the separate 
 printing of 2,000 copies annually of its transactions, of which there are now seven volumes. The 
 most active, intelligent, and persevering of the horticulturists of the state are members of this. 
 association, and to their careful observation, to their enthusiasm and determined persistence in 
 seeking means to overcome great natural difficulties, the state is largely indebted for the success, 
 already attained in horticulture. Besides these state associations, there are many local agricul- 
 tural and horticultural societies, all of which have been useful in aiding the cause for whieh they 
 were organized. Farmers' clubs and granges of the " Patrons of Husbandry " have also 
 done much, both directly and indirectly, to promote the industrial interests of the state. By thei 
 frequent meetings, at which discussions are held, views compared, and experiences related, much 
 valuable intelligence is gained, thought is stimulated, and the profession of farming advanced. 
 As agriculture, like all kindred professions, depends upon intelligence to direct its advancement, 
 all means intended to stimulate thought among farmers will, if wisely directed, aid in advancing 
 this most complex of all industries. To those above named, and to other like associations, 
 is in a large degree to be attributed the present favorable condition of the agriculture of 
 the state. 
 
 Wisconsin is yet, comparatively, a new State. It was mainly settled by men who had little 
 moneyed capital. Markets were distant, and means of transportation poor. The early settlers had 
 consequently to struggle for a livelihood in the face of the greatest difficulties. When these oiiposing 
 
162 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 circumstances are taken into account, and the improvement in methods of culture, and changes 
 from grain to stock and dairy-farming that are now being made, are given their due weight, it 
 must be acknowledged that the present condition of the agriculture of the state is excellent, and 
 that the future of this most important industry is rich in promise of a steady, healthful growth, 
 toward a completer development of all the agricultural resources of the state. 
 
 MINERAL RESOURCES. 
 
 Bv ROLAND D. IRVING, Professor of Geology, etc., at the University of 
 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 The useful mineral materials that occur within the limits of the state of Wisconsin, come 
 Under both of the two grand classes of such substances : the metallic ores, from which the 
 metals ordinarily used in the arts are extracted ; and the non-metallic substances, which are used in 
 the arts for the most part without any preliminary treatment, or at least undergo only a very 
 partial alteration before being utilized. Of the first class are found in Wisconsin the ores of 
 lead, sine, iron and copper, besides minute traces of the precious metals ; of the second class, the 
 principal substances found axft brick-clay, kaolin, cement-rock, limestone for burning into quick-lime, 
 Hme stone for flux, glass sand, peat and building stone. 
 
 LEAD AND ZINC. 
 
 These metals are considered together because they are found occurring together in the same 
 legion and under exactly the same circumstances, being even obtained from the same openings. 
 Lead has for many years been the most important metallic production of Wisconsin, and, together 
 with zinc, whose ores have been utilized only since i860, still holds this prominent position, 
 although the production is not so great as formerly. Small quantities of lead and zinc ores have 
 been found in the crystalline (Archaean) rocks of the northern part of the state and in the copper- 
 bearing rocks of the Lake Superior country, but there are no indications at present that these 
 regions will ever produce in quantity. All of the lead and zinc obtained in Wisconsin comes 
 then from that portion of the southwestern part of the state which lies west of Sugar river and 
 South of the nearly east and west ridge that forms the southern side of the valley of the Wis- 
 consin, from the head of Sugar river westward. This district is commonly known in Wisconsin 
 as the " Lead Region,'' and forms the larger part of the " Lead Region of the Upper Missis- 
 sippi," which includes also smaller portions of Iowa and Illinois. 
 
 What European first became acquainted with the deposits of lead in the upper portion of 
 Valley of the Mississippi is a matter of some doubt. Charlevoix (Histoire de la Nouvelle France, 
 til, 397, 398.) attributes the discovery to Nicolas Perrot, about 1692; and states that in r72i 
 the deposits still bore Perrot's name. Perrot himself, however, in the only one of his writings 
 that remains, makes no mention of the matter. The itinerary of Le Sueur's voyage up the 
 Mississippi, 1700-1701, given in La Harpe's History of Louisiana, which was writtan early in 
 the iSth centu-y, shows that the former found lead on the banks of the Mississippi, not far from 
 
MINERAL RESOURCES. 
 
 163 
 
 the present southern boundary of Wisconsin, August 25, 1700. Captain Johathan Carver, 
 1766, found lead in abundance at the Blue Mounds, and found the Indians in all the country 
 around in possession of masses of galena, which they had obtained as " float mineral," and 
 which they were incapable of putting to any use. There is no evidence of any one mining 
 before Julien Dubuque, who, 1788 to 1809, mined in the vicinity of the flourishing city which 
 now bears his name. After his death in 1809 nothing more was done until 1821, when the 
 attention of American citizens was first drawn to the rich lead deposits of this region. By 1827, 
 the mining had become quite general and has continued to the 'present time, the maximum 
 production having been reached, however, between the years 1845 and 1847. 
 
 The following table, prepared by the late Moses Strong, shows the mineral production of 
 southwestern Wisconsin for 'the years i860 to 1873 in pounds: 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 G.4LENA. 
 
 SMITH50NITE. 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 GALENA. 
 
 SMITHSONITE. 
 
 BLENDE. 
 
 r86o 
 
 
 320,000 
 266,000 
 
 1,120,000 
 
 3.173.333 
 4,198.200 
 
 7,373,333 
 
 1867 
 1S68 
 1869 
 1870 
 I87I 
 1872 
 1873 
 
 13.820,784 
 13.869,619 
 13.426,721 
 
 13.754,159 
 
 13.484.210 
 
 11,622,668 
 
 9.919.734 
 
 5.181,445 
 4.302.383 
 4.547,971 
 4,429.585 
 i6,6iS,i6o 
 27,021,383 
 18,528,906 
 
 841,310 
 
 3,078,435 
 6,252,420 
 7,414,022 
 9,303.625 
 16.256,970 
 15,074,664 
 
 I86I 
 
 
 1862 
 1863 
 1864 
 1865 
 1866 
 
 17,037,912 
 
 15,105.577 
 I3.OI4.21O 
 
 14.337.895 
 14,029,193 
 
 Until within the last decade the lead mines of the Mississippi valley, including now both 
 the " Upper" and the " Lower " regions — the latter one of which lies wholly within the limits of 
 the state of Missouri — have far eclipsed the rest of the United States in the production of lead, 
 the district being in fact one of the most important of the lead districts in the world. Of late 
 years, however, these mines are far surpassed in production by the " silver-lead " mines of Utah 
 and other Rocky Mountain regions, which, though worked especially for their silver, produce 
 incidentally a very large amount of lead. Nevertheless, the mines of the Mississippi valley will 
 long continue to be a very important source of this metal. The lead ore of the Wisconsin lead 
 region is of one kind only, the sulphide known as galena, or galenite. This ore, when free from 
 mechanically mingled impurities, contains 86.6 per cent, of lead, the balasnce being sulphur. 
 Small quantities of other lead ores are occasionally found in the uppermost portions of the deposits, 
 having been produced by the oxidizing influence of the atmosphere. The chief one of these 
 oxidation products is the earthy carbonate known as cerussite. Galena almost always contains 
 some silver, commonly enough to pay for its extraction. The Wisconsin galenas, however, are 
 unusually free from silver, of which they contain only the merest trace. 
 
 The zinc ores are of two kinds, the most abundant being the ferruginous sulphide, or the 
 "black-jack " of the miners. The pure sulphide, sphalerite, contains 67 per cent, of zinc, but the 
 iron-bearing variety, known minerallogically as mannatite, generally contains 10 per cent, or 
 more of iron. A ferruginous variety of the carbonate, smithsonite, also occurs in abundance, and 
 is known to the miners as "dry-bone," the name being suggested by the peculiar structure of the 
 ore. 
 
 Both lead and zinc ores occur in limited deposits in a series of limestone beds belong' ''§ '° 
 the Lower Silurian series. The lead region is underlaid by a nearly horizontal series t'I strata, 
 with an aggregate thickness of 2,000 feet, which lie upon an irregular surface of anci ^nt crystal- 
 line rocks (gneiss, granite, etc.). The names and order of succession of the several strata are 
 indicated in the following scheme, the last named being the lowest in the series : 
 
164 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 FormalioH, ThUkness. 
 
 Niagara dolomitic limestone . ., 300 — ■ 300 feet. 
 
 Cincinnati shales. _ 60 — 100 " 
 
 I Galena dolomitic limestone 250 — 275 " 
 
 Lead Horizon -j Blue limestone-. 50 75 " 
 
 ' Buff dolomiticlimestone 15 — 20 " 
 
 Lower Magnesian (dolomitic) limestone 250 " 
 
 Potsdam sandstone series _ 800 — 1000 " 
 
 The first two of these layers, in the Wisconsin part of the lead region, are met with only in a 
 few isolated peaks and ridges. The prevailing surface rock is the Galena limestone, through 
 which, however, the numerous streams cut in deep and narrow valleys which not unfrequently 
 are carved all the way into the Lower Magnesian. 
 
 The lead and zinc ores are entirely confined to the Galena, Blue and Buff limestones, an 
 aggregate vertical thickness of some 350 to 375 feet. The upper and lower strata of the series 
 are entirely barren. Zinc and lead ores are found in the s.ame kind of deposits, and often 
 together; by far the larger part of the zinc ores, however, come from the Blue and Buff limestones, 
 and the lowest layers of the Galena, whilst the lead ores, though obtained throughout the whole 
 thickness of the mining ground, are especially abundant in the middle and upper layers of the 
 Galena beds. 
 
 The ore deposits are of two general kinds, which may be distinguished as vertical crevices 
 and flat crevices, the former being much the most common. The simplest form of the vertical 
 crevice is a narrow crack in the rock, having a width of a few inches, an extension laterally from 
 a few yards to several hundred feet, and a vertical height of 20 to 40 feet, thinning out to noth- 
 ing in all directions, and filled from side to side with highly crystalline, brilliant, large-surfaced 
 galena, which has no accompanying metallic mineral, or gangue matter. Occasionally the vertical 
 extension exceeds a hundred feet, and sometimes a number of these sheets are close together 
 and can be mined as one. Much more commonly the vertical crevice shows irregular expan- 
 sions, which are sometimes large caves, or openings in certain layers, the crevice between retain- 
 ing its normal character, while in other cases the expansion affects the whole crevice, occasion- 
 ally ividening it throughout into one large opening. These openings are rarely entirely filled, 
 and commonly contain a loose, disintegrated rock, in which the galena lies loose in large masses, 
 though often adhering to the sides of the cavity in large .stalactites, or in cubical crystals. The 
 vertical crevices show a very distinct arrangement parallel with one another, there being two 
 systems, which roughly trend east and west, and north and south. The east and west crevices are 
 far the most abundant and most productive of ore. The vertical crevices are confined nearly 
 altogether to the upper and middle portions of the Galena, and are not productive of zinc ores. 
 They are evidently merely the parallel joint cracks which affect every great rock formation, filled 
 by chemical action with the lead ore. The crevices with openings have evidently been enlarged 
 by the solvent power of atmospheric water carrying carbonic acid, and from the way in which the 
 ore occurs loose in the cavities, it is evident that this solving action has often been subsequent 
 to the first deposition of lead ore in the crevice. 
 
 Xlie " flat crevices," " flat sheets," and "flat openings," are analogous to the deposits just 
 described, but have, as indicated by the names, a horizontal position, being characteristic of 
 certain layers, which have evidently been more susceptible to chemical action than others, the 
 dissolving waters having, moreover, been directed along them by less pervious layers above and 
 below. The ?iat openings differ from the vertical crevices also, in having associated with the 
 
MINERAL RESOITKCES. 165 
 
 galena much of either the black-jack or dry-bone zinc ores, or both, the galena not unfrequently 
 being entirely wanting. Cleavable calcite also accompanies the ores in these openings in large 
 quantities, and the same is true of the sulphide of iron, which is the variety known as marcasite. 
 These materials have sometimes a symmetrical arrangement on the bottom and top of the open- 
 ing, the central portion being empty. The flat openings characterize the Blue and Buff and 
 lower Galena beds, and from them nearly all the zinc ore is obtained. 
 
 It is not possible, in the limits of this short paper, even to mention the various mining 
 districts. It may merely be said that the amount of galena raised from single crevices has often 
 been several hundred thousand, or even over a million pounds, and that one of the principal 
 mining districts is in the vicinity of Mineral Point, where there are two furnaces constantly 
 engaged in smelting. Between the years 1862 and 1873, these two establishments have produced 
 23,903,260 pounds of metallic lead, or an average of 1,991,938 pounds, the maximum being, in 
 1869, 2,532,710 pounds, the minimum, in 1873, 1,518,888 pounds. 
 
 The zinc ores were formerly rejected as useless, and have only been utilized since i860. An 
 attempt to smelt them at Mineral Point was not successful, because the amount needed of fuel 
 and clay, both of which have to come from a distance, e.xceeding even the amount of ore used, 
 caused a very heavy expense for transportation. The ores are therefore now taken altogether to 
 LaSalle, Illinois, where they meet the fuel and clay, and the industry at that place has become 
 a flourishing one. The amount of zinc ore in the Wisconsin lead region is, beyond doubt, very 
 great, and will be a source of wealth for a long time to come. 
 
 Since the ores of zinc and lead in this region are confined to such a small thickness of strata 
 greatly eroded by the atmospheric waters, the entire thickness having frequently been removed, 
 it becomes a matter of great importance to know how much of the mining ground remains at 
 every point throughout the district. The very excellent topographico-geological maps of the 
 region, made by Mr. Moses Strong, and since published by the State in the Report of the 
 Geological Survey, make this knowledge accessible to all. 
 
 IRON. 
 
 Iron mining in Wisconsin is yet in its infancy, although some important deposits are 
 producing a considerable quantity of ore. A number of blast furnaces have sprung up in the 
 eastern part of the state, but these smelt Michigan ores almost entirely. Much remains yet to 
 be done in the way of exploration, for the most promising iron fields are in the heavily timbered 
 and unsettled regions of the north part of the state, and are as yet imperfectly known. It 
 appears probable, however, that iron ores will, in the near future, be the most important mineral 
 production of Wisconsin. The several ores will be noted in the order of their present im- 
 portance. 
 
 Red He.matites. 
 
 The iron in these ores exists as an anhydrous sesquioxide, which is, however, in an earthy 
 condition, and entirely without the brilliant metallic luster that characterizes the specular hema- 
 tites. Pure hematite contains seventy per cent, of metallic iron, but the red heraatites, as mined, 
 are always so largely mingled with mechanical impurities that they rarely contain more than fifty 
 per cent. The most important red hematite mined in Wisconsin is that known as the Clinton iron 
 ore, the name coming from the formation in which the ore occurs. This formation is a member 
 of the Upper Silurian series, and is named from a locality in Oneida county. New York, where it 
 was first recognized. Associated with its rocks, which are limestones and shales, is con- 
 stantly found a peculiar red hematite, which is so persistent in its characters, both physical and 
 
166 HISTOKY OF WISCOIfSIX. 
 
 and chemical, that one familiar with it from any one locality can hardly fail to recognize it when 
 coming from others. The iron produced from it is always "cold-short," on account of the large 
 content of phosphorus ; but, mingled with siliceous ores free from phosphorus, it yields always 
 a most excellent foundry iron. It is mined at numerous points from New York to Tennessee, 
 and at some points reaches a very great total thickness. In Wisconsin the Clinton rocks merge 
 into the great Niagara lira estone series of the eastern part of the state, but at the bottom of the 
 series, in a few places, the Clinton ore is found immediately overlying the Cincinnati shales. The 
 most important locality is that known as Iron Ridge, on sections twelve and thirteen in the town 
 of Hubbard, in Dodge county. Here a north-and-south ledge of Niagara limestone overlooks lower 
 land to the west. Underneath, at the foot of the ridge, is the ore bed, fifteen to eighteen feet in 
 thickness, consisting of horizontally bedded ore, in layers three to fourteen inches thick. The 
 ore has a concretionary structure, being composed of lenticular grains, one twenty-fifth of an inch 
 in diameter, but the top layer is without this structure, having a dark purplish color, and in places 
 a slight metallic appearance. Much of the lower ore is somewhat hydrated. Three quarters of 
 a mile north of Iron Ridge, at Mayville, there is a total thickness of as much as forty feet. 
 According to Mr. E. T. Sweet, the percentages of the several constituents of the Iron Ridge ore 
 are as follows: iron pero.xide, 66.38; carbonate of lime, 10.42; carbonate of magnesia, 2.79; 
 silica, 4.72; alumina, 5.54; manganese oxide, 0.44; sulphur, 0.23 ; phosphoric acid, 0.73; water, 
 8.75 ^= 100: metallic iron, 46.66. 
 
 Two small charcoal furnaces at Mayville and Iron Ridge smelt a considerable quantity of 
 these ores alone, producing an iron very rich in phosphorus. An analysis of the Mayville pig 
 iron, also by Mr. Sweet, shows the following composition: iron, 95.784 per cent; phosphorus, 
 1.675 : carbon, 0.849; silicon, 0.108 = 100.286. The average furnace yield of the ore is forty- 
 five per cent. By far the larger part of the ore, however, is sent away to mingle with other ores. 
 It goes to Chicago, Joliet and Springfield, 111., St. Louis, Mo., Wyandotte and Jackson, Mich., 
 and Appleton, Green Bay and Milwaukee, Wis. In 1872, the Iron Ridge mines yielded 82,371 
 tons. The Clinton ore is found at other places farther north along the outcrop of the base of 
 the Niagara formation in Wisconsin, but no one of these appears to promise any great quantity 
 of good ore. Red hematite is found at numerous places in Wisconsin, highly charging certain 
 layers of the Potsdam sandstone series, the lowest one of the horizontal Wisconsin formations. 
 In the eastern part of the town of Westfield, Sauk county, the iron ore excludes the sandstone, 
 forming an excellent ore. No developments have been made in this district, so that the size of 
 the deposit is not definitely known. 
 
 Brown Hem.^tites. 
 
 These ores contain their iron as the hydrated, or brown, sesquioxide, which, when pure, 
 has about sixty per cent, of the metal ; the ordinary brown hematites, however, seldom 
 contain over forty per cent. Bog iron ore, a porous brown hematite that forms by deposi- 
 tion from the water of bogs, occurs somewhat widely scattered underneath the large marshes of 
 Portage, Wood and Juneau counties. Very excellent bog ore, containing nearly 50 per cent, of 
 iron, is found near Necedah, Juneau county, and near Grand Rapids, Wood county, but the 
 amount obtainable is not definitely known. The Necedah ore contains: silica, 8.52 ; alumina, 
 377; iron peroxide, 71.40; manganese oxide, 0.27; lime, 0.58; magnesia, trace; phosphoric 
 acid, 0,21; sulphur, 0.02; organic matter, 1.62; water, 13.46=99.85, metallic iron, 49.98— 
 according to Mr. E. T. Sweet's analysis. An ore from section 34, twp. 23, range 6 east. Wood 
 county, yielded, to Mr. Oliver Matthews, silica, 4.81 ; alumina, i.oo; iron peroxide, 73.23 ; lime, 
 0.1 1, magnesia, 0.25; sulphuric acid, 0.07 ; phosphoric acid, o. 10 ; organic matter, 5.88; water. 
 
MIXER A ]. RESOURCES. 167 
 
 14.24; =99.69: metallic iron, 51.26. 
 
 Brown hematite, mingled with more or less red ore, occurs also in some quantity filling cracks 
 and irregular cavities in certain portions of the Potsdam series in northwestern Sauk county and 
 the adjoining portion of Richland. A small charcoal furnace has been in operation on this ore 
 at Ironton, Sauk county, for a number of years, and recently another one has been erected at 
 Cazenovia in the same district. 
 
 Magnetic Ores and Specular Hematites. 
 
 These are taken together here, because their geological occurrence is the same, the two ores 
 occurring not only in the same group of rocks, but even intimately mingled with one another. 
 These ores are not now produced in Wisconsin ; but it is quite probable that they may before 
 many years become its principal mineral production. In magnetic iron ore, the iron is in the 
 shape of the mineral maf;netite, an oxide of iron containing 72 4 per cent of iron when pure, and 
 this is the highest percentage of iron that any ore can ever have. Specular hematite is the same 
 as red hematite, but is crystalline, has a bright, metallic luster, and a considerable hardness. As 
 mined the richest magnetic and specular ores rarely run over 65 per cent., while in most regions 
 where they are mined they commonly do not reach 50 per cent. The amount of rich ores of this 
 kind in the northern peninsula of Michigan is so great, however, that an ore with less than 50 per 
 cent, finds no sale; and the same must be true in the adjoining states. So largely does this mat- 
 ter of richness affect the value of an ore, that an owner of a mine of 45 per cent. " hard " ore in Wis- 
 consin would find it cheaper to import and smelt Michigan 65 per cent, ore, than to smelt his own, 
 even if his furnace and mine were side by side. 
 
 The specular and magnetic ores of Wisconsin occur in two districts — the Penokee iron dis- 
 trict, ten to twenty miles south of Lake Superior, in Bayfield, Ashland and Lincoln counties, and 
 the Menomonee iron district, near the head waters of the Menomonee river, in township 40, 
 ranges 17 and 18 east, Oconto county. Specular iron in veins and nests is found in small quan- 
 tities with the quartz rocks of the Baraboo valley, Sauk county, and Necedah, Juneau county; 
 and very large quantities of a peculiar quartz-schist, charged with more or less of the magnetic 
 and specular iron oxides, occur in the vicinity of Black River Falls, Jackson county ; but in none 
 of these places is there any promise of the existence of valuable ore. 
 
 In the Penokee and Menomonee regions, the iron ores occur in a series of slaty and 
 quartzose rocks known to geologists as the Haronian series. The rocks of these districts are 
 really the extensions westward of a great rock series, which in the northern Michigan peninsula 
 contains the rich iron ores that have made that region so famous. In position, this rock series 
 may be likened to a yeat elongated parabola, the head of which is in the Marquette iron district 
 and the two ends in the Penokee and Menomonee regions of Wisconsin. In all of its extent, this 
 rock series holds great beds of lean magnetic and specular ores. These contain large quantities 
 of quartz, which, from its great hardness, renders them very resistant to the action of atmospheric 
 erosion. As a result, these lean ores are found forming high and bold ridges. Such ridges of 
 lean ores have deceived many explorers, and not a few geologists. In the same rock series, for 
 the most part occupying portions of a higher layer, are found, however, ores of extraordinary 
 richness and purity, which, from their comparative softness, very rarely outcrop. The existence 
 in quantity of these very rich ores in the Menomonee region has been definitely proven. One 
 deposit, laid open during the Summer of 1S77, shows a width of over 150 feet of first class 
 specular ore; and exceeding in size the greatest of the famous deposits of Michigan. In the 
 Penokee region, however, though the indications are favorable, the existence of the richer 
 ores is as yet an inference only. The Penokee range itself is a wonderful development of 
 
168 HISTORYOF WISCONSIN". 
 
 lean ore, which forms a continuous belt several hundred feet in width and over thirty miles in 
 length. Occasionally portions of this belt are richer than the rest, and become almost merchant- 
 able ores. The probability is, however, that the rich ores of this region will be found in the 
 lower country immediately north of the Penokee range, where the rocks are buried beneath 
 heavy accumulations of drift material. 
 
 Copper. 
 
 The only copper ore at present raised in Wisconsin is obtained near Mineral Point, in the 
 lead region of the southwestern part of the state, where small quantities of ckalcopyrite,\.\\e yellow 
 sulphide of copper and iron, are obtained from pockets and limited crevices in the Galena lime- 
 stone. Copper pyrites is known to occur in this way throughout the lead region, but it does not 
 appear that the quantity at any point is sufficient to warrant exploration. 
 
 Copper occurs also in the northernmost portions of Wisconsin, where it is found under alto- 
 gether different circumstances. The great copper-bearing series of rocks of Keweenaw point and 
 Isle Royale stretch southwestward into and entirely across the state of Wisconsin, in two parallel 
 belts. One of these belts enters Wisconsin at the mouth of the Montreal river, and immediately 
 leaving the shore of Lake Superior, crosses Ashland and Bayfield counties, and then widening 
 greatly, occupies a large area in Douglas, St. Croix, Barron and Chippewa counties. The other 
 belt forms the backbone of the Bayfield peninsula, and crosses the northern part of Douglas 
 county, forming a bold ridge, to the Minnesota line. The rocks of this great series appear to 
 be for the most part of igneous origin, but they are distinctly bedded, and even interstratified 
 with sandstone, shales, and coarse boulder-conglomerate, the wiiole series having generally a 
 tilted position. In veins crossing the rock-beds, and scattered also promiscuously through the 
 layers of both conglomerates and igneous rocks, pure metallic copper in fine flakes is often 
 found. Mining on a small scale has been attempted at numbers of points where the rivers 
 flowing northward into Lake Superior make gorges across the rock series, but at none of them 
 has sufficient work been done to prove or disprove the existence of copper in paying quantity. 
 
 Gold and Silver. 
 
 Small traces of gold have been detected by the writer in quartz from the crystalline rocks 
 of Clark county, but there is no probability that any quantity of this metal will ever be found in 
 the state. Traces of silver have also been found in certain layers of the copper series in Ash- 
 land county. Judging from the occurrence of silver in the same series not far to the east in 
 Michigan, it seems not improbable that this metal may be found also in Wisconsin. 
 
 Brick Clavs. 
 
 These constitute a very important resource in Wisconsin. Extending inland for many miles 
 fiom the shores of Lakes Michigan and Superior are stratified beds of clay of lacustrine origin, 
 having been deposited by the lakes when greatly expanded beyond their present sizes. All of 
 these clays are characterized by the presence of a large amount of carbonate of lime. Along 
 Lake Superior they have not yet been utilized, but all through the belt of country bordering 
 Lake Michigan they are dug and burned, fully 50,000,000 bricks being made annually in this 
 region. A large proportion of these bricks are white or cream-colored, and these are widely 
 known under the name of '' Milwaukee brick," though by no means altogether made at Mil- 
 waukee. Others arc ordinary red brick. The difference between the light-colored and red 
 bricks is ordinarily attributed to the greater amount of iron in the clay from which the latter are 
 
MINERAL RESOURCES. 
 
 16& 
 
 burned, but it has been shown by Mr. E. T Sweet that the white briclcs are burned from clay 
 which often contains more iron than that from which the red bricks are made, but which also 
 contains a very large amont of carbonate of lime. The following analyses show (i) the compo- 
 sition of the clay from which cream-colored brick are burned at Milwaukee, (2) the composition 
 of a red-brick clay from near Madison, and (3) the composition of the unutilized clay from 
 Ashland, Lake Superior. Nos. i and 2 are by Mr. E. T. Sweet, No. 3 by Professor W. W. 
 Daniells : 
 
 
 (I) 
 
 (2) 
 
 (3) 
 
 
 (I) 
 
 (2) 
 
 (3) 
 
 Silica 
 
 38.22 
 975 
 2.84 
 1. 16 
 
 16.23 
 
 7-54 
 18.50 
 
 75-80 
 11.07 
 
 3-53 
 0.31 
 I.S4[ 
 .08 
 1.09 
 
 58.0S 
 
 25-38 
 
 4.44 
 
 8.30 
 
 Potash 
 
 2.16 
 0.65 
 0.95 
 
 1-85 
 
 1.74 
 0.40 
 
 1-54 
 2.16 
 
 99.56 
 
 
 
 Soda 
 
 
 Iron peroxide 
 
 Iron protoxide... 
 
 Water 
 
 409 
 
 Moisture 
 
 Totals 
 
 Magnesia 
 
 99.85 
 
 100.19 
 
 
 
 
 At Milwaukee 24,000,000 cream-colored brick are made annually ; at Racine, 3,500,000 ; at 
 Appleton and Menasha, 1,800,000 each; at Neenah, 1,600,000; at Clifton, 1,700,000; at VVat- 
 erloo, 1,600,000; and in smaller quantities at Jefferson, Ft. Atkinson, Edgerton, Whitewater, 
 Geneva, Ozaukee, Sheboygan Falls, Manitowoc, Kewaunee, and other places. In most cases the 
 cream-colored bricks are made from a bright-red clay, although occasionally the clay is light- 
 colored. At Whitewater and other places tile and pottery are also made from this clay. 
 
 Although these lacustrine clays are much the most important in Wisconsin, excellent brick 
 clays are also found in the interior of the state. In numbers of places along the Yahara valley, 
 in Dane county, an excellent stratified clay occurs. At Madison this is burned to a red brick ; at 
 Stoughton and Oregon to a fine cream-colored brick. At Platteville, J^ancaster, and other points 
 in the southwestern part of the state, red bricks are made from clays found in the vicinity. 
 
 Kaolin (Porcelain - Clay — Fire - Clay). 
 
 The word "kaolin." is applied by geologists to a clay-like material which is used in making 
 chinaware in this country and in Europe. The word is of Chinese origin, and is applied by the 
 Chinese to the substance from which the famous porcelain of China is made. Its application to 
 the European porcelain-c/ay was made under the mistaken idea — one which has prevailed among 
 scientists until very recently — that the Chinese material is the same as the European. This we 
 now know to be an error, the Chinese and Japanese wares being both made altogether from a 
 solid rock. 
 
 True kaolin, using the word in its European sense, is unlike other ordinary clays, in being 
 the result of the disintegration of felspathic crystalline rocks "in place," that is without being 
 removed from the place of its first formation. The baseof kaolin is a mineral known as kaolinite, a 
 compound of silica, alumina and water, which results from a change or decay of the felspar of 
 felspar-bearing rocks. Felspar contains silica, alumina, and soda or potash, or both. By perco- 
 lation through the rocks of surface water carrying carbonic acid, the potash and soda are 
 removed and kaolinite results. Mingled with the kaolinite are, however, always the other ingre- 
 dients of the rock, quartz, mica, etc., and also always some undecomposed, or only partly decom- 
 posed felspar. These foreign ingredients can all, however, be more or less perfectly removed by 
 a system of levigation, when a pure white clay results, composed almost wholly of the scales of 
 
170 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCOXSIN. 
 
 the mineral kaolinite. Prepared in this way the kaolin has a high value as a refractory material, 
 and for forming the base of fine porcelain wares. 
 
 The crystalline rocks, which, by decomposition, would produce a kaolin, are widely spread 
 over the northern part of Wisconsin ; but over the most of the region occupied by them there is no 
 sign of the existence of kaolin, the softened rock having apparently been removed by glacial 
 action. In a belt of country, however, which extends from Grand Rapids on the Wisconsin, 
 westward to Black river, in Jackson county, the drift is insignificant or entirely absent ; the glacial 
 forces have not acted, and the crystalline rocks are, or once were, overlaid by sandstone, along 
 whose line of junction with the underlying formation numerous water-courses have existed, the 
 result being an unusual amount of disintegration. Here we find, in the beds of the Wisconsin, 
 Yellow, and Black rivers, large exposures of crystalline rocks, which between the rivers 
 are overlaid by sandstone. The crystalline rocks are in distinct layers, tilted at high angles, 
 and in numerous places decomposed into a soft white kaolin. Inasmuch as these layers 
 Strike across the country m long, straight lines, patches of kaolin are found ranging 
 themselves into similar lines. The kaolin patches are most abundant on the Wisconsin 
 in the vicinity of the city of Grand Rapids, in Wood county. They vary greatly in size, 
 one deposit even varying from a fraction of an inch to a number of feet in thickness. 
 The kaolin varies, also, greatly in character, some .being quite impure and easily fusible 
 from a large content of iron oxide or from partial decomposition only,'while much of it is very 
 pure and refractory. There is no doubt, however, that a large amount of kaolin exists in this 
 region, and that by selection and levigation an excellent material may be obtained, which, by 
 mingling with powdered quartz, may be made to yield a fire-brick of unusual refractoriness, and 
 which may even be employed in making fine porcelain ware. 
 
 The following table gives the composition of the raw clay, the fine clay obtained from it by 
 levigation, and the coarse residue from the same operation, the sample having been taken from 
 the opening on the land of Mr. C. B. Garrison, section 5, town 22, range 6 east, Wood county : 
 
 
 RAW CLAY. 
 
 LEVIGATION PRODUCTS. 
 
 
 RAW CLAY. 
 
 LEVIGATION PRODUCTS 
 
 
 FINE CLAY. 
 
 COARSE 
 RESIDUE. 
 
 FINE CLAY. 
 
 COARSE 
 RESIDUE. 
 
 Silica 
 
 78.83 
 13-43 
 0.74 
 0.64 
 0.07 
 0.37 
 
 49-94 
 
 36.S0 
 
 0.72 
 
 trace 
 
 0.51 
 
 02.86 
 208 
 
 0.74 
 0.96 
 
 O.IO 
 
 0.2S 
 
 Soda . - 
 
 Carbonic Acid 
 
 Water 
 
 Totals- - 
 
 0.0,7 
 O.OI 
 
 5-45 
 
 0.08 
 1V.62 
 
 0.05 
 
 Alumina .- - - - 
 
 Iron peroxide 
 
 Lime .- 
 
 2-53 
 
 99.60 
 
 99.67 
 
 yg.5o 
 
 Potash 
 
 
 
 Cement - Rock. 
 
 Certain layers of the Lower Magnesian limestone, as at Ripon, and other points in the east- 
 ern part of the state, are known to produce a lime which has in some degree the hydraulic 
 property, and the same is true of certain layers of the Blue limestone of the Trenton group, in 
 the southwestern part of the state ; the most valuable material of this kind, however, that is as yet 
 known to exist in Wisconsin, is found near Milwaukee, and has become very recently somewhat 
 widely known as the " Milwaukee " cement-rock. This rock belongs to the Hamilton formation, 
 and is found near the Washington street 'bridge, at Brown Deer, on the lake shore at Whitefish 
 
MINERAL RESOURCES. 
 
 171 
 
 bay, and at other points in the immediate vicinity of Milwaukee. The quantity attainable ia 
 large, and a very elaborate series of tests by D. J. Whittemore, chief engineer of the Milwau. 
 kee and St. Paul railroad, shows that the cement made from it exceeds all native and foreign 
 cements in strength, except the famous English " Portland " cement. The following are 
 three analyses of the rock from different points, and they show t-hat it has a very constant 
 composition : 
 
 
 I. 
 
 2. 
 
 3- 
 
 
 45-54 
 
 32.46 
 
 17.56 
 
 1. 41 
 
 303 
 
 48.29 
 
 29.19 
 
 17.36 
 
 1.40 
 
 2.24 
 
 41-34 
 
 34.88 
 
 16.99 
 
 5.00 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia 
 
 Silica . .. 
 
 
 Iron Sesquioxide. , .......... 
 
 1.79 
 
 
 Totals - 
 
 100.00 
 
 98.68 
 
 100.00 
 
 Limestone for Making Quick - llme. 
 
 Quick-lime is made from all of the great limestone formations of Wisconsin, but more is 
 burnt from the Lower Magnesian and Niagara formations, than from the others. The Lower 
 Magnesian yields a very strong mortar, but the lime burned from it is not very white. It is buined 
 largely in the region about Madison, one of the largest quarries being on the south line of section 
 33 of that town, where some 20,000 bushels are produced annually, in two kilns. The lime from 
 this place has a considerable local reputation under the name of " Madison lime." The Trenton 
 limestone is burned at a few points, but yields an inferior lime. The Galena is not very generally 
 burned, but yields a better lime than the Trenton. In the region about Watertown and White- 
 water, some 40,000 to 50,000 barrels are made annually from this formation. 
 
 The Niagara, however, is the great lime furnisher of the northwest. From its purity it is 
 adapted to the making of a most admirable lime. It is burned on a large scale at numbers of 
 points in the eastern part of the state, among which may be mentioned, Pellon's kilns, Pewau. 
 kee, where 12,000 barrels are made weekly and shipped to Chicago, Grand Haven, Des Moines, 
 etc.; and Holick & Son's kilns, Racine, which yield 60,000 to 75,000 barrels annually. A total 
 ot about 400,000 barrels is annually made from the Niagara formation in eastern Wisconsin. 
 
 Limestone for Flux in Iron Smelting. 
 
 The limestones of Wisconsin are rarely used as a flux, because of their prevalent magnesian 
 character. The stone from Schoonmaker's quarry, near Milwaukee, is used at the Bay View 
 iron works, and is one of the few cases. There are certain layers, however, in the Trenton lime- 
 stone, widely spread over the southern part of the state, which are non-magnesian, and frequently 
 sufficiently free from earthy impurities to be used as a flux. These layers deserve the attention 
 of the iron masters of the state. 
 
 Glass Sand. 
 
 Much of the St. Peter's sandstone is a purely siliceous, loose, white sand, well adapted ta 
 the making of glass. It is now being put to this use at points in the eastern part of the state. 
 
172 IIISTOIIY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Peat. 
 
 Peat exists in large quantities and of good quality underneath the numerous marshes of the 
 eastern and central parts of the state. Whether it can be utilized in the future as a fuel, will 
 depend altogether upon the cost of its preparation, which will have to be very low in order that 
 it may compete with superior fuels. As a fertilizer, peat has always a great value, and requires 
 no ireliminary treatment. 
 
 Building Stones. 
 
 All the rocky formations of Wisconsin are used in building, and even the briefest synopsis 
 of the subject of the building stones of the state, would exceed the hmits of this paper. A few 
 of the more prominent kinds only are mentioned. 
 
 Granite occurs in protruding masses, and also grading into gneiss, in the northern portions 
 of the state, at numerous points. In many places on the Wisconsin, Yellow, and Black rivers, 
 and especially at Big Bull Falls, Yellow river, red granites of extraordinary beauty and value 
 occur. These are not yet utilized, but will in the future have a high value. 
 
 The handsomest and most valuable sandstone found in Wisconsin, is that which extends 
 along the shore of Lake Superior, from the Michigan to the Minnesota line, and which forms the 
 basement rock of the Apostle islands. On one of these islands a very large quarry is opened, 
 from which are taken masses of almost any size, of a very close-grained, uniform, dark brown 
 stone, which has been shipped largely to Chicago and Milwaukee. At the latter place, the well 
 known court house is built of this stone. An equally good stone can be obtained from the neigh- 
 boring islands, and from points on the mainland. A very good white to brown, indurated sand- 
 stone is obtained from the middle portions of the Potsdam series, at Stevens Point, Portage 
 county; near.Grand Rapids, Wood county; at Black River Falls, Jackson county; at Packwau- 
 kee, Marquette county ; near Wautoma, Waushara county ; and at several points in the Baraboo 
 valley, Sauk county. A good buff-colored, calcareous sandstone is quarried and used largely in 
 the vicinity of Madison, from the uppermost layers of the Potsdam series. 
 
 All of the limestone formations of the state are quarried for building stone. A layer known 
 locally as the " Mendota" limestone, included in the upper layers of the Potsdam series, yields a 
 very evenly bedded, yellow, fine-grained rock, which is largely quarried along the valley of the 
 lower Wisconsin, and also in the country about Madison. In the town of Westport, Dane 
 county, a handsome, fine-grained, cream-colored limestone is obtained from the Lower Magne- 
 sian. The Trenton limestone yields an evenly bedded, thin stone, which is frequently used for 
 laying in wall. The Galena and Niagara are also utilized, and the latter is capable, in much of 
 the eastern part of the state, of furnishing a durable, easily dressed, compact, white stone. 
 
 In preparing this paper, I have made use of Professor Whitney's " Metallic Wealth of the 
 United States," and " Report on the Geology of the Lead Region;" of the advance sheets of 
 Volume II of the Reports of the State Geological Survey, including Professor T. C. Chamberlin's 
 Report on the Geology of Eastern Wisconsin, my own Report on the Geology of Central Wisconsin, 
 and Mr. Strong's Report on the Geology of the Lead Region ; Mr. E. T. Sweet's account of the 
 mineral exhibit of the state at the Centennial Exposition ; and of my unpublished reports on the 
 geology of the counties bordering Lake Superior. 
 
WISCONSIN RAILROADS. 
 
 By Hon. H. H. GILES. 
 
 The territory of Wisconsin offered great advantages to emigrants. Explorers had published 
 accounts of the wonderful fertility of its soil, the wealth of its broad prairies and forest openings, 
 and the beauty of its lakes and rivers. Being reached from the older states by way of the lakes 
 and easily accessible by a long line of lake coast, the hardships incident to weeks of land travel 
 were avoided. Previous to 1836 but few settlements had been made in that part of the 
 then territory of Michigan, that year organized into the territory of Wisconsin, except 
 as mining camps in the southwestern part, and scattered settlers in the vicinity of the 
 trading posts and military stations. From that time on, with the hope of improving their condi- 
 tion, thousands of the enterprising yeomanry of New England, New York and Ohio started for 
 the land of promise. Germans, Scandinavians and other nationalities, attracted by the glowing 
 accounts sent abroad, crossed the ocean on their way to the new world; steamers and sail-craft 
 laden with families and their household goods left Buffalo and other lake ports, all bound for 
 the new Eldorado. It may be doubted if in the history of the world any country was ever peo- 
 pled with the rapidity of southern and eastern Wisconsin. Its population in 1S40 was 30,749; 
 in 1850,304,756; in i860, 773,693; in 1870, 1,051,351; in 1875, 1,236,729. With the develop- 
 ment of the agricultural resources of the new territory, grain raising became the most prominent 
 interest, and as the settlements extended back from the lake shore the difficulties of transporta- 
 tion of the products of the soil were seriously felt. The expense incurred in moving a load of 
 produce seventy or eighty miles to a market town on the lake shore frequently exceeded the gross 
 sum obtained for the same. All goods, wares and merchandise, and most of the lumber used 
 must also be hauled by teams from Lake Michigan. Many of our early settlers still retain 
 vivid recollections of trying experiences in the Milwaukee woods and other sections bordering 
 on the lake shore, from the south line of the state to Manitowoc and Sheboygan. To meet the 
 great want — better facilities for transportation — a valuable land grant was obtained from 
 congress, in 1838, to aid in building a canal from Milwaukee to Rock river The company which 
 was organized to construct it, built a dam across Milwaukee river and a short section of the canal ; 
 then the work stopped and the plan was finally abandoned. It was early seen that to satisfy the 
 requirements of the people, railroads, as the most feasable means of commuiucatioa withm 
 their reach, were an indispensable necessity. 
 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway. 
 
 Between the years 1838 and 1841, the territorial legislature of Wisconsin chartered several 
 railroad companies, but with the exception of the " Milwaukee & Waukesha Railroad Company,'' 
 incorporated in 1847, none of the corporations thus created took any particular shape. The 
 commissioners named in its charter met November 23, 1847, and elected a president, Dr. L. W. 
 Weeks, and a secretary, A. W. Randall (afterward governor of Wisconsin). On the first Monday 
 of February, 1848, they opened books of subscription. The charter of the company provided 
 
174 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 that $100,000 should be subscribed and five percent, thereof paid in before the company should 
 fully organize as a corporation. The country was new. There were plenty of active, energetic 
 men, but money to build railroads was scarce, and not until April 5, 1849, was the necessary 
 subscription raised and percentage paid. A board of directors was elected on the loth day of 
 May, and Byron Kilbourn chosen president. The charter had been previously amended, in 1848, 
 authorizing the company to build a road to the Mississippi river, in Grant county, and in 1850, 
 its name was changed to the "Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad Company." After the company 
 was fully organized, active measures were taken to push the enterprise forward to completion. 
 The city of Milwaukee loaned its credit, and in 1851 the pioneer Wisconsin railroad reached 
 Waukesha, twenty miles out from Milwaukee. In the spring of 1852, Edward H. Broadhead, a 
 prominent engineer, from from the state of New York, was put in charge of the work as chief 
 engineer and superintendent. Under his able and energetic administration the road was pushed 
 forward in 1852 to Milton, in 1853 to Stoughton, in 1854 to Madison, and in 1S56 to the Mis- 
 sissippi river, at Prairie du Chien. In 185 1 John Catlin of Madison, was elected president 
 in place of Kilbourn. 
 
 The proposed length of this article will not admit of any detailed statement of the trials, 
 struggles and triumphs of the men who projected, and finally carried across the state, from the 
 lake to the river, this first Wisconsin railroad. Mitchell, Kilbourn, Holton, Tweedy, Catlin, 
 Walker, Broadhead, Crocker and many others, deserve to be remembered by our people as bene- 
 factors of the state. In 1859 and i860, the company defaulted in the payment of the interest on 
 its bonds. A foreclosure was made and a new company, called the " Milwaukee & Prairie du 
 Chien," took its place, succeeding to all its rights and property, 
 
 The " Southern Wisconsin Railway Company" was chartered in 1852, and authorized to build 
 a road from Milton to the Mississippi river. When the Milwaukee and Mississippi road reached 
 Milton in 1852, it was not authorized by its charter to go to Janesville, but, under the charter of 
 the Southern Wisconsin, a company was organized that built the eight miles to Janesville in 1853. 
 Under a subsequent amendment to the charter, the Milwaukee and Mississippi company was 
 authorized to build from Milton to the Mississippi river. The Janesville branch was then 
 purchased and extended to Monroe, a distance of about thirty-four miles, or forty-two miles west 
 of Milton. Surveys were made and a line located west of Monroe to the river. The people of 
 La Fayette and Grant counties have often been encouraged to expect a direct railroad communi- 
 cation with the city of Milwaukee. Other and more important interests, at least so considered 
 by the railroad company, have delayed the execution of the original plan, and the road through 
 the counties mentioned still remains unbuilt. 
 
 The " LaCrosse & Milwaukee Railroad Company " was chartered in 1852, to construct a road 
 from LaCrosse to Milwaukee. During the year in which the charter was obtained, the company 
 was organized, and the first meeting of the commissioners held at LaCrosse. Among its pro- 
 jectors were Byron Kilbourn and Moses M. Strong. Kilbourn was elected its first president. 
 No work was done upon this line until after its consolidation with the " Milwaukee, Fonddu Lac 
 & Green Bay Railroad Company" in 1854. The latter company was chartered in 1853, to build a 
 road from Milwaukee via West Bend to Fond du Lac and Green Bay. It organized in the spring of 
 1853, and at once commenced active operations under the supervision of James Kneeland, its 
 first president. The city of Milwaukee loaned its credit for $200,000, and gave city bonds. The 
 company secured depot grounds in Milwaukee, and did considerable grading for the first twenty- 
 five miles out. Becoming embarrassed in January, 1854, the Milwaukee, Fond du Lac & Green 
 Bay consolidated with the LaCrosse & Milwaukee company. Work was at once resumed on 
 the partially graded line. In 1855 the road was completed to Horicon, fifty miles. 
 
"WISCONSIN RAILROADS. 175 
 
 The Milwaukee & Watertown company was chartered in 1S51, to build from Milwaukee to 
 Watertown. It soon organized, and began the construction of its line from Brookfield, fourteen 
 miles west of Milwaukee, and a point on the Milwaukee & Mississippi road leading through 
 Oconomowoc to Watertown. The charter contained a provision that the company might extend 
 its road by way of Portage to La Crosse. It reached Watertown in 1856, and was consolidated 
 with the LaCrosse & Milwaukee road in the autumn of the same year. 
 
 In the spring of 1856 congress made a grant of land to the state of Wisconsin, to aid in the 
 building of a railroad from Madison, or Columbus, via Portage City, to the St. Croix river or 
 lake, between townships 25 and 31. and from thence to the west end of Lake Superior, and to 
 Bayfield. An adjourned session of the Wisconsin legislature met on September 3 of that year, 
 to dispose of the grant. The disposal of this grant had been generally discussed by the press, 
 and the public sentiment of the state seemed to tend toward its bestowal upon a new company. 
 There is little doubt but that this was also the sentiment of a large majority of the members of 
 both houses when the session commenced. When a new company was proposed a joint com- 
 mittee of twenty from the senate and assembly was appointed to prepare a bill, conferring the 
 grant upon a company to be created by the bill itself The work of the committee proceeded 
 harmoniously until the question of who should be corporators was to be acted upon, when a 
 difference of opinion was found to exist, and one that proved difficult to harmonize. In the mean- 
 time the LaCrosse and Watertown companies had consolidated, and a sufficient number of the 
 members of both houses were "propitiated" by "pecuniary compliments" to induce them to 
 pass the bill, conferring the so called St. Croix grant upon the LaCrosse & Milwaukee railroad 
 company. The vote in the assembly in the passage of the bill was, ayes 62, noes 7. In the senate 
 it stood, ayes 17, noes 7. 
 
 At the session of the legislature of 1858 a committee was raised to investigate the matter, 
 and their report demonstrated that bonds were set apart for all who voted for the LaCrosse bill; 
 to members of assembly fs,ooo each, and members of senate $10,000 each. A few months 
 after the close of the legislative sesssion of 1856 the land grant bonds of the LaCrosse road 
 became worthless. Neither the LaCrosse company nor its successors ever received any portion 
 of the lands granted to the state. During the year 1857 the LaCrosse company completed its 
 line of road through Portage City to LaCrosse, and its Watertown line to Columbus. 
 
 The "Milwaukee & Horicon Railroad Company" was chartered in 1852. Between the 
 years 1855 and 1857 it built through Waupun and Ripon to Berlin, a distance of forty-two miles. 
 It was, in effect, controlled by the LaCrosse & Milwaukee company, although built as a separate 
 branch. This line was subsequently merged in the LaCrosse company, and is now a part of the 
 northern division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway. 
 
 The '' Madison, Fond du Lac & Lake Michigan Railroad Company" was chartered in 1855, 
 to build a road from Madison wa Fond du Lac to Lake Michigan. In 1857 it bought of the 
 LaCrosse company that portion of its road acquired by consolidation with the Milwaukee & 
 Watertown company. Its name was then changed to " Milwaukee & Western Railroad Com- 
 pany." It owned a line of road from Brookfield to Watertown, and branches from the latter 
 place to Columbus and Sun Prairie, in all about eighty miles in length. 
 
 In 1S58 and 1859 the La Crosse & Milwaukee and the Milwaukee & Horicon companies 
 defaulted in the payment of the interest on their bonded debts. In the same years the bond- 
 holders of the two companies instituted foreclosure proceedings on the different trust deeds given to 
 secure their bonds. Other suits to enforce the payment of their floating debts were also com- 
 menced. Protracted litigation in both the state and federal courts resulted in a final settlement 
 in 1868, by a decision of the supreme court of the United States. In the meantime, in 1862 and 
 
176 HISTORY OF WISCONSIK. 
 
 1863, both roads were sold, and purchased by an association of the bondholders, who organized 
 the " Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company." The new company succeeded to all the rights 
 of both the La Crosse and Horicon companies, and soon afterward, in 1863, purchased the 
 property of the Milwaukee & Western company, thus getting control of the roads from Mil- 
 waukee to La Crosse, from Horicon to Berlin, from Brookfield to Watertown, and the branches 
 to Columbus and Sun Prairie. In 1864 it built from Columbus to Portage, from Brookfield to 
 Milwaukee, and subsequently extended the Sun Prairie branch to Madison, in 1869. It also 
 purchased the Ripon & Wolf River road, which had been built fifteen miles in length, from 
 Ripon to Omro, on the Fox river, and extended it to Winneconne on the Wolf river, five miles 
 farther, and twenty miles from Ripon. In 1867 the Milwaukee & St. Paul railway company 
 obtained control of the Milwaukee & Prairie du Chien railroad. The legislature of 1857 had 
 passed an act, authorizing all stock-holders in all incorporated companies to vote on shares of 
 stock owned by them. The directors of the Milwaukee & St. Paul company had secured a 
 majority of the common stock, and, at the election of 1867, elected themselves a board of 
 directors for the Prairie du Chien company. All the rights, property and interests of the 
 latter company came under the ownership and control of the former. 
 
 In 1865, Alexander Mitchell, of Milwaukee, was elected president, and S. S. Merrill general 
 manager of the Milwaukee & St. Paul railway company. They were retained in their respective 
 positions by the new organization, and still continue to hold these offices, a fact largely owing to 
 the able and efficient manner that has characterized their management of the company's affairs. 
 The company operates eight hundred and thirty-four miles of road in Wisconsin, and in all two 
 thousand two hundred and seven miles. Its lines extend to St. Paul and Minneapolis in 
 Minnesota, and to Algona in Iowa, and over the Western Union to Savanna and Rock Island 
 in the State of Illinois. 
 
 The " Oshkosh & Mississippi Railroad Company" was chartered in 1866 to build a road 
 from the city of Oshkosh to the Mississippi river. Its construction to Ripon in 1872 was a 
 move on the part of citizens of Oshkosh to connect their town with the Milwaukee & St. Paul 
 road. It is twenty miles in length and leased to the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul company. 
 
 In 1871 and 1872 the "Wisconsin Union Railroad Company," of which John W. Cary was 
 president, built a road from Milwaukee to the state line between Wisconsin and Illinois, to 
 connect with a road built from Chicago to the state line of Illinois. This new line between 
 Milwaukee and Chicago was built in the interest of, and in fact by, the Milwaukee & St. Paul 
 company to afford a connection between its Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota system of roads, 
 and the eastern trunk lines centering in Chicago. It runs parallel with the shore of Lake 
 Michigan and from three to six miles from it, and is eighty-five miles in length. 
 
 The Chicago & Northwestern Railway. 
 
 The territorial legislature of 1848 chartered the " Madison & Beloit Railroad Company " 
 with authority to build a railroad from Beloit to Madison only. In 1850, by an act of the 
 legislature, the company was authorized to extend the road to the Wisconsin river and La Crosse, 
 and to a point on the Mississippi river near St. Paul, and also from Janesville to Fond du Lac. 
 Its name was changed, under legislative authority, to the "Rock River Valley Union Railroad 
 Company." In 1851, the line from Janesville north not being pushed as the people expected, 
 the legislature of Illinois chartered the " Illinois & Wisconsin Railroad Company " with authority 
 to consolidate with any road in Wisconsin. In 1855, an act of the Wisconsin legislature consoli- 
 dated the Illinois and Wisconsin companies with the " Rock River Valley Union Railroad Com- 
 pany," and the new organization took the name of the " Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Rail- 
 
WISCONSIN RAILROADS. 177 
 
 road Company." In 1854, and previous to the consolidation, the company had failed and 
 passed into the hands of the bondholders, who foreclosed and took stock for their bonds. The 
 old management of A. Hyatt Smith and John B. Macy was superseded, and Wm. B. Ogden was 
 made president. Chicago was all along deeply interested in reaching the rich grain fields of the 
 Rock river valley, as well as the inexhaustible timber and mineral wealth of the northern part 
 of Wisconsin and that part of Michigan bordering on Lake Superior, called the Peninsula. It 
 also sought a connection with the upper Mississippi region, then being rapidly peopled, by a line 
 of railroad to run through Madison to St. Paul, in Minnesota. Its favorite road was started from 
 Chicago on the wide (six feet) gauge, and so constructed seventy miles to Sharon on the Wis- 
 consin state line. This was changed to the usual (four feet, eight and one-half inches) width, 
 and the work was vigorously pushed, reaching Janesville in 1855 and Fond du Lac in 1858. The 
 Rock River Valley Union railroad company had, however, built about thirty miles from Fond 
 du Lac south toward Minnesota Junction before the consolidation took place. The partially 
 graded line on a direct route between Janesville and Madison was abandoned. In 1852 a new 
 charter had been obtained, and the " Beloit & Madison Railroad Company " had been organized 
 to build a road from Beloit via Janesville to Madison. A subsequent amendment to this charter 
 had left out Janesville as a point, and the Beloit branch wa? pushed through to Madison, reach- 
 ing that city in 1864. 
 
 The "Galena and Chicago Union Railroad Company" had built a branch of the Galena 
 line from Belvedere to Beloit previous to 1854. In that year, it leased the Beloit & Madison 
 road, and from 1856 operated it in connection with the Milwaukee & Mississippi, reaching Janes- 
 ville by way of Hanover Junction, a station on its Southern Wisconsin branch, eight miles west 
 of Janesville. The consolidation of the Galena & Chicago Union and the Chicago, St. Paul & 
 Fond du Lac companies was effected and approved by legislative enactment in 1855, and a new 
 organization called the " Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company " took their place. 
 
 The "Green Bay, Milwaukee & Chicago Railroad Company " was chartered in 1851 to build 
 a road from Milwaukee to the state line of Illinois to connect with a road from Chicago, called 
 the Chicago & Milwaukee railroad. Both roads were completed in 1855, and run in connection 
 until 1863, when they were consolidated under the name of the "Chicago & Milwaukee Railroad 
 Company." To prevent its falling into the hands of the Milwaukee & St. Paul, the Chicago & 
 Northwestern secured it by perpetual lease, May 2, i866, and it is now operated as its Chicago 
 division. 
 
 The " Kenosha & Beloit Railroad Company " was incorporated in 1853 to build a road from 
 Kenosha to Beloit, and was organized soon after its chartenwas obtained. Its name was after- 
 ward changed to the " Kenosha, Rockford & Rock Island Railroad Company," and its route 
 changed to run to Rockford instead of Beloit. The line starts at Kenosha, and runs through the 
 county of Kenosha and crosses the state line near the village of Genoa in the county of Wal- 
 worth, a distance of thirty miles in the state of Wisconsin, and there connects with a road in 
 Illinois running to Rockford, and with which it consolidated. Kenosha and its citizens were the 
 principal subscribers to its capital stock. The company issued its bonds, secured by the usual 
 mortgage on its franchises and property. Failing to pay its interest, the mortgage was foreclosed, 
 and the road was sold to the Chicago & Northwestern company in 1863, and is now operated by 
 it as the Kenosha division. The line was constructed from Kenosha to Genoa in 1862. 
 
 The "Northwestern Union Railway Company " was organized in 1872, under the general rail- 
 road law of the state, to build a line of road from Milwaukee to Fond du Lac, with a branch to 
 Lodi. The road was constructed during the years 1872 and 1873 from Milwaukee to Fond du 
 Lac. The Chicago & Northwestern company were principally interested in its being built, to 
 
178 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 shorten its line between Chicago and Green Bay, and now uses it as its main through line between 
 the two points. 
 
 The " Baraboo Air-Line Railroad Company" was incorporated in 1870, to build a road from 
 Madison, Columbus, or Waterloo via Baraboo, to La Crosse, or any point on the Mississippi 
 river. It organized in the interest of the Chicago & Northwestern, with which company it con- 
 solidated, and the work of building a connecting line between Madison and Winona Junction 
 was vigorously pushed forward. Lodi was reached in 1870, Baraboo in 187 1, and Winona Junc- 
 tion in 1874. The ridges between Elroy and Sparta were tunneled at great expense and with 
 much difficulty. In 1874 the company reported an expenditure for its three tunnels of 
 $476,743.32, and for the 129 i-io miles between Madison and Winona Junction of $5,342,169.96, 
 and a large expenditure yet required to be made on it. In 1867 the Chicago & Northwestern 
 company bought of D. N. Barney & Co. their interest in the Winona & St. Peters railway, a line 
 being built westerly from Winona in Minnesota, and of which one hundred and five miles had 
 been built. It also bought of the same parties their interest in the La Crosse, Trempealeau & 
 Prescott railway, a line being built from Winona Junction, three miles east of La Crosse, to 
 Winona, Minn. The latter line was put in operation in 1870, and is twenty-nine miles long. 
 With the completion of its Madison branch to Winona junction, in 1873, it had in operation a 
 line from Chicago, via Madison and Winona, to Lake Kampeska, Minn., a distance of six hundred 
 and twenty-three miles. 
 
 In the year 1856 a valuable grant of land was made by congress to the state of Wisconsin 
 to aid in the construction of railroads. The Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac company claimed 
 that the grant was obtained through its efforts, and that of right it should have the northeastern 
 grant, so-called. At the adjourned session of the legislature of 1856, a contest over the dispo- 
 sition of the grant resulted in conferring it upon the " Wisconsin & Superior Railroad Company," 
 a corporation chartered for the express purpose of giving it this grant. It was generally believed 
 at the time that the new company was organized in the interest of the Chicago, St. Paul & 
 Fond du Lac company, and at the subsequent session, in the following year, it was authorized to 
 consolidate with the new company, which it did in the spring of that year, and thus obtained the 
 grant of 3,840 acres per mile along its entire line, from Fond du Lac northerly to the state line 
 between Wisconsin and Michigan. It extended its road to Oshkosh in 1859, to Appleton in 
 1861, and in 1862 to Fort Howard, forming a line two hundred and forty-two miles long. The 
 line from Fort Howard to Escanaba, one hundred and fourteen miles long, was opened in Decem- 
 ber, 1872, and made a connection with the peninsular railroad of Michigan. It now became a part 
 of the Chicago & Northwestern, extending from Escanaba to the iron mines, and thence to 
 Lake Superior at Marquette. Albert Keep, of Chicago, is president, and Marvin Hughitt, a 
 gentleman of great railroad experience, is general superintendent. The company operates five 
 hundred and sixty-seven miles of road in Wisconsin, and in all sixteen hundred and sixteen miles. 
 Its lines extend into five different states. Over these lines its equipment is run in common, or 
 transferred from place to place, as the changes in business may temporarily require. 
 
 Wisconsin Central Railroad. 
 
 The " Milwaukee & Northern Railway Company " was incorporated in 1870, to build a road 
 from Milwaukee to some point on the Fox river below Winnebago lake, and thence to Lake 
 Superior, with branches. It completed its road to Menasha, one hundred and two miles from 
 Milwaukee, with a branch from Hilbert to Green Bay, twenty-seven miles, in 1873, and in that 
 Vear leased its line to the "Wisconsin Central Railroad Company," which is still operating it. In 
 
FOND DU i-AC. 
 
WISCONSIN RAILEOADS. 179 
 
 1864 congress made a grant of land to the state of Wisconsin to aid in the construction of a rail- 
 road from Berlin, Doty's Island, Fond du Lac, or Portage, by way of Stevens Point, to Bayfield 
 or Superior, granting the odd sections within ten miles on each side of the line, with an indem- 
 nity limit of twenty miles on each side. The legislature of 1865 failed to dispose of this grant, 
 but that of 1 866 provided for the organization of two companies, one to build from Portage City 
 by way of Berlin to Stevens Point, and the other from Menasha to the same point, and then 
 jointly to Bayfield and Lake Superior. The former was called the " Winnebago and Lake Superior 
 Railroad Company," and the latter the " Portage & Superior Railroad Company." In 1869 an act 
 was passed consolidating the two companies, which was done under the naine of the " Portage, 
 Winnebago & Superior Railroad Company." In 187 1 the name of the company was changed to 
 the " Wisconsin Central Railroad Company." The Winnebago & Lake Superior company was 
 organized under Hon. George Reed as president, and at once commenced the construction of its 
 line of road between Menasha and Stevens Point. In 1871. the Wisconsin Central consolidated 
 with the " Manitowoc & Mississippi Railroad Company." The articles of consolidation provided 
 that Gardner Colby, a director of the latter company, should be president, and that George Reed, 
 a director of the former, should be vice president of the new organization ; with a further provision 
 that Gardner Colby, George Reed, and Elijah B. Phillips should be and remain its executive 
 committee. 
 
 In 1871, an act was passed incorporating the "Phillips and Colby Construction Company," 
 which created E. B. Phillips, C. L. Colby, Henry Pratt, and such others as they might associate 
 with them, a body corporate, with authority to build railroads and do all manner of things relat- 
 ing to railroad construction and operation. Under this act the construction company contracted 
 with the Wisconsin Central railroad company, to build its line of road from Menasha to Lake 
 Superior. In November, 1873, the Wisconsin Central leased of the Milwaukee & Northern com- 
 pany its line of road extending from Schwartzburg to Menasha, and the branch to Green Bay, for 
 the term of nine hundred and ninety-nine years, and also acquired the rights of the latter com- 
 pany to use the track of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul company between Schwartzburg and 
 Milwaukee, and to depot facilities in Milwaukee. The construction of the land grant portion 
 of this important line of road was commenced in 1871, and it was completed to Stevens Point in 
 November of that year. It was built from Stevens Point north one hundred miles to Worcester 
 in 1872. During 1872 and 1873, it was built from Ashland south to the Penoka iron ridge, a dis- 
 tance of thirty miles. The straight line between Portage City and Stevens Point, authorized by 
 an act of the legislature of 1875, was constructed between October i, 1875, and October, 1876, 
 sevenly-one miles in length. The gap of forty-two miles between Worcester and Penoka iron 
 ridge was closed in June, 1877. E. B. Phillips, of Milwaukee, is president and general manager. 
 This line of road passes through a section of our state hitherto unsettled. It has been pushed 
 through with energy, and opened up for settlement an immense region of heavily timbered land, 
 and thus contributed to the growth and prosperity of the state. 
 
 The Western Union Railroad. 
 
 The " Racine, Janesville cSi Mississippi Railroad Company " was chartered in 1852,10 build 
 a road from Racine to Beloit, and was organized .the same year. The city of Racine issued its 
 bonds for $300,000 in payment for that amount of stock. The towns of Racine, Elkhorn, Dele- 
 van and Beloit gave $190,000, and issued their bonds, and farmers along the line made liberal 
 subscriptions and secured the same by mortgages on their farms. The road was built to Burling- 
 ton in 1855, to Delavan early in 1S56, and to Beloit, sixty-eight miles from Racine, during the 
 same year. Failing to meet the interest on its bonds and its floating indebtedness, it was sur- 
 
180 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 • 
 
 rendered by the company to the bond-holders in 1859, who completed it to Freeport during that 
 year, and afterward built to the Mississippi river at Savannah, and thence to Rock Island. The 
 bond-holders purchased and sold the road in 1866, and a new organization was had as the " West- 
 ern Union Railroad Company," and it has sinee been operated under that name. In 1869, it 
 bu'ilt a line from Elkhorn to Eagle, seventeen miles, and thus made a connection with Milwau- 
 kee over the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul line. The latter company owns a controlling 
 interest it its line. Alexander Mitchell is the president of the company, and D. A. Olin, 
 general superintendent. 
 
 West Wisconsin Railroad. 
 
 The lands granted by congress in 1S56 to aid in the construction of a railroad in Wisconsin, 
 from Tomah to Superior and Bayfield, were disposed of as mentioned under the history of the 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul company. The La Crosse company, as we have seen, prevailed in 
 the legislature of 1856, and secured legislation favorable to its interests; but it failed to build the 
 line of road provided for, and forfeited its right to lands granted. In 1863, the " Tomah & Lake 
 St. Croix Railroad Company " was incorporated, with authority to construct a railroad from some 
 point in the town of Tomah in Monroe county, to sucli point on Lake St. Croix, between town- 
 ships 25 and 31 as the directors might determine. To the company, by the act creating it, was 
 granted all the interest and estate of this state, to so much of the lands granted by the United 
 States to the state of Wisconsin, known as the St. Croix grant, as lay between Tomah and Lake 
 St. Croix. A few months after its organization, the company passed substantially into the hands 
 of D. A. Baldwin and Jacob Humbird, who afterward built a line of road from Tomah, z'/a Black 
 River Falls, and Eau Claire to Hudson, on Lake St. Croix, one hundred and seventy-eight miles. 
 Its name was afterward changed to the "West Wisconsin Railroad Compariy." In 1873, it built 
 its road from Warren's Mills tii'a Camp Douglass, on the St. Paul road to Elroy, and took up its 
 track from the first-named place, twelve miles, to Tomaii. A law-suit resulted, which went against 
 the railroad company, and the matter was finally compromised by the payment of a sum of money 
 by the company to the town of Tomah. The road was built through a new and sparsely settled 
 country, and its earnings have not been sufficient to enrich its stock-holders. It connects at 
 Camp Douglass with the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul road, and at Elroy with the Chicago & 
 Northwestern railway company's line, which gives the latter a through line to St. Paul. It is 
 operated in connection with the Chicago & Northwestern railway, and managed in its interest. 
 It is now in the hands of Wm. H. Ferry, of Chicago, as receiver ; H. H. Potter, of Chicago, as 
 president;; and E. W. Winter, of Hudson, superintendent. 
 
 The Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railway. 
 
 In 1870, the "Milwaukee, Manitowoc & Green Bay Railroad Company " was chartered to 
 build a road from Milwaukee to Green Bay by way of Manitowoc. It built its line from Mil- 
 waukee to Manitowoc in 1873, when its name was changed to " Milwaukee, Lake Shore & West- 
 ern Railroad Company." Under a decree of foreclosure, it was sold Dec. 10, 1875, and its name 
 was changed to " Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railway Company," by which name it is 
 still known. 
 
 In 1866, the " Appleton & New London Railroad Company" was incorporated to build a 
 road from Appleton to New London, and thence to Lake Superior. A subsequent amendment 
 to its charter authorized it to extend its road to Manitowoc. It built most of the line from 
 Appleton to that city, and then, under legislative authority, sold this extension to the Milwau- 
 
WISCOXSIN RAILROADS. 181 
 
 kee, Lake Shore & \Vestern railroad company. The last-named company extended it to New- 
 London, on the Wolf river, twenty-one miles, in 1876, where it connects with the Green Bay & 
 Minnesota road. It now operates one hundred and forty-six miles of road, extending from Mil- 
 waukee to New London, passing through Sheboygan, Manitowoc and Appleton, which includes 
 a branch line six miles in length from M.^nitowoc to Two Rivers. F. W. Rhinelander, of New 
 York, is its president, and H. G. H. Reed, of Milwaukee, superintendent. 
 
 Thf, Green Ray & Minnesota Railroad. 
 
 The line of road operated by this company extends from Fort Howard to the Mississippi 
 river, opposite Winona, Minnesota. It is two hundred and sixteen miles in length, and was 
 built through a sparsely settled and heavily timbered section of the state.- It began under most 
 discouraging circumstances, yet was pushed through by the energy of a few men at Green Bay 
 and along its line. It was originally chartered in 1866 as the "Green Bay & Lake Pepin Rail- 
 road Company " to build a road from the mouth of the Fox river near Green Bay to the Missis- 
 sippi river opposite Winona. But little was done except the making of preliminary surveys in 
 1870. During 1870 and 187 1, forty miles were constructed and put in operation. In 1872, one 
 hundred and fourteen miles were graded, the track laid, and the river reached, sixty-two miles 
 farther, in 1873. In 1S76, it acquired the right to use the "Winona cut-off " between Winona 
 and Onalaska, and built a line from the latter point to La Crosse, seven miles, thus connecting its 
 road with the chief city of Wisconsin on the Mississippi river. The city of La Crosse aided this 
 extension by subscribing $75,000 and giving its corporation bonds for that amount. Henry 
 Ketchum, of New London, is president of the company, and D. M. Kelly, of Green Bay, gen- 
 eral manager. 
 
 Wisconsin Valley Road. 
 
 The " Wisconsin Valley Railroad Company ' was incorporated in 1871 to build a road from 
 a point on or near the line of the Milwaukee & La Crosse railroad, between Kilbourn City and 
 the tunnel in said road to the village of Wausau, in the county of Marathon, and the road to pass 
 not more than one mile west of the village of Grand Rapids, in the county of Wood. The road 
 was commenced at Tomah, and graded to Centralia in 1S72, and opened to that village in 1S73, 
 and during 1874 it was completed to Wausau, ninety miles in its whole length. Boston capitalists- 
 furnished the money, and it is controlled in the interest of the Dubuque & Minnesota railroad, 
 through which the equipment was procured. The lumber regions of the Wisconsin river find an 
 outlet over it, and its junction with the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul road at Tomah enables 
 a connection with the railroads of Iowa and Minnesota. It gives the people of Marathon county 
 an outlet long needed for a large lumber traffic, and also enables them to receive their goods and 
 supplies of various kinds for the lumbering region tributary to Wausau. James F. Joy, of 
 Detroit, is president, and F. O. Wyatt, superintendent. 
 
 Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad. 
 
 The " Sheboygan & Mississippi Railroad Company " was incorporated in 1852, to build a 
 road from Sheboygan to the Mississippi river. It was completed from Sheboygan to Plymouth 
 in 1858, to Glenbeulah in i860, to Fond du Lac in 1868, and to Princeton in 1872. The extension 
 from Fond du Lac to Princeton was built under authority of an act passed in 1871. 
 
 Under a foreclosure in 1861 the line from Sheboygan to Fonddu Lac was sold, and the name 
 of the company changed to "Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad Company." The length of 
 
182 HISTORY OF WISCONSIiSr. 
 
 the line is seventy-eight miles, and it passes through a fertile agricultural country. The city of 
 Sheboygan, county, city and town of Fond du Lac, and the towns of Riverdale, Ripen, Brooklyn, 
 Princeton, and St. Marie, aided in its building to an amount exceeding $250,000. D, L. Wells 
 is president, and Geo. P. Lee, superindendent. 
 
 The Mineral Point Railroad. 
 
 The " Mineral Point Railroad Company " was chartered in 1S52, to build a road from Mineral 
 Point, in the county of Iowa, to the state line, in township number one, in either the county of 
 Green or La Fayette. It was completed to Warren, in the state of Illinois, thirty-two miles, in 
 
 1855, making a connection at that,point with the Illinois Central, running from Chicago to Galena. 
 Iowa county loaned its credit and issued its bonds to aid in its construction. It was sold under 
 foreclosure in 1856. Suits were brought against Iowa county to collect the amount of its bonds, 
 and judgment obtained in the federal courts. Much litigation has been had, and ill feeling 
 engendered, the supervisors of the county having been arrested for contempt of the decree of 
 the court. Geo. W. Cobb, of Mineral Point, is the general manager. 
 
 The Dubuque, Platteville & Milwaukee railroad was completed in July, 1S70, and e-xtends 
 from Calamine, a point on the Mineral Point railroad, to the village of Platteville, eighteen miles, 
 and is operated by the Mineral Point railroad company 
 
 Madison & Portage Railroad. 
 
 The legislature of 1855 chartered the "Sugar River Valley Railroad Company" to build a road 
 from a point on the north side of the line of the Southern Wisconsin road, within the limits of 
 Green county, to Dayton, on the Sugar river. In 1857 it was authorized to build south to the state 
 line, and make its northern terminus at Madison. In 1861 it was authorized to build from Madi- 
 son to Portage City, and from Columbus to Portage City, and so much of the land grant act of 
 
 1856, as related to the building of the road from Madison, and from Columbus to Portage City, 
 was annulled and repealed, and the rights and privileges that were conferred upon the LaCrosse 
 company were given to the Sugar River Valley railroad company, and the portion of the land 
 grant, applicable to the lines mentioned, was conferred upon the last named company. Lender 
 this legislation about twenty miles of the line between Madison and Portage were graded, and 
 the right of way secured for about thirty of the thirty-nine miles. The LaCrosse company had 
 done considerable grading before its right was annulled. In 1866 the company was relieved 
 from constructing the road from Columbus to Portage City. In 1870 the purchasers of that part 
 of the Sugar River Valley railroad lying between Madison and Portage City were incorporated 
 as the " Madison & Portage Railroad Company," and to share all the rights, grants, etc., that 
 were conferred upon the Sugar River railroad company by its charter, and amendments thereto, 
 so far as related to that portion of the line. 
 
 Previous to this time, in 1864 and 1865, judgments had been obtained against the Sugar 
 River Valley company ; and its right of way, grading and depot grounds sold for a small sum. 
 James Campbell, who had been a contractor with the Sugar River Valley company, with others, 
 became the purchasers, and organized under the act of 1870, and, during the year 1S71, com- 
 pleted it between Madison and Portage City, and in March, 1871, leased it to the Milwaukee & 
 St. Paul company, and it is still operated by that corporation. In 1S71 the Madison & Portage 
 company was authorized to extend its road south to the Illinois state line, and north from 
 Portage City to Lake Winnebago. The same year it was consolidated with the " Rockford Central 
 
WISCONSIN RAILROADS. 183 
 
 Railroad Company," of Illinois, and its name changed to the "Chicago & Superior Railroad 
 
 Company," but still retains its own organization. The Madison & Portage railroad company 
 
 claims a share in the lands granted by acts of congress in 1856, and have commenced proceed- 
 ings to assert its claim, which case is still pending in the federal courts. 
 
 North Wisconsin Railroad. 
 
 The "North Wisconsin Railroad Company" was incorporated in i86g, to build a road from 
 Lake St. Croix, or river, to Bayfield on Lake Superior. The grant of land by congress in 1856, to 
 aid in building a road from Lake St. Croix to Bayfield on Lake Superior, under the decision of 
 the federal court, was yet at the disposal of the state. This company, in 187 1, built a short 
 section of its line of road, with the expectation of receiving the grant. In 1873, the grant was 
 conferred upon the Milwaukee & St. Paul company, but under the terms and restrictions con- 
 tained in the act, it declined to accept it. The legislature of 1874 gave it to the North Wiscon- 
 sin company, and it has built forty miles of its road, and received the lands pertaining thereto. 
 Since 1876, it has not completed any part of its line, but is trying to construct twenty miles 
 during the present year. The company is authorized to construct a road both to Superior and 
 to Bayfield, but the act granting the lands confers that portion from Superior to the intersection 
 of the line to Bayfield upon the Chicago & North Pacific air-line railroad. This last-named 
 company have projected a line from Chicago to the west end of Lake Superior, and are the 
 owners of an old grade made through Walworth and Jefferson counties, by a company chartered 
 in 1853 as the " Wisconsin Central," to build a road from Portage City to Geneva, in the county 
 of Walworth. The latter company had also graded its line between Geneva and the state line 
 of Illinois. This grade was afterward appropriated by the Chicago & Northwestern, and over it 
 they now operate their line from Chicago to Geneva. 
 
 Prairie du Chien & McGregor Railroad. 
 
 This is a line two miles in length, connecting Prairie du Chien in Wisconsin, with McGregor 
 in Iowa. It is owned and operated by John Lawler, of the latter-named place. It extends across 
 both channels of the Mississippi river, and an intervening island. The railroad bridge consists 
 of substantial piling, except a pontoon draw across each navigable channel. Each pontoon is four 
 hundred feet long and thirty feet wide, provided with suitable machinery and operated by steam 
 power. Mr. Lawler has secured a patent on his invention of the pontoon draw for railroad 
 bridges. His line was put in operation in April, 1874. 
 
 The Chippewa Falls & Western Railroad. 
 
 This road was built in 1874, by a company organized under the general law of the state. It 
 is eleven miles in length, and connects the " Falls " with the West Wisconsin line at Eau Claire. 
 It was constructed by the energetic business men and capitalists of Chippewa Falls, to afford an 
 outlet for the great lumber and other interests of that thriving and prosperous city. The road 
 is substantially built, and the track laid with steel rails. 
 
 Narrow Gauge Railroads. 
 
 The " Galena & Southern Wisconsin Railroad Company " was incorporated in 1857. Under 
 Its charter, a number of capitalists of the city of Galena, in the state of Illinois, commenced 
 
184 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 the construction of a narrow (three feet) gauge road, running from that city to Platteville, thirty- 
 one miles in length, twenty miles in Wisconsin. It runs through a part of La Fayette county to 
 Platteville, in Grant county, and was completed to the latter point in 1875. Surveys are being 
 made for an extension to Wingville, in Grant county. 
 
 The "Fond du Lac, Amboy & Peoria Railway Company" was organized under the general 
 law of the state, in 1S74, to build a narrow gauge road from the city of Fond du Lac to the south 
 line of the state in the county of Walworth or Rock, and it declared its intention to consolidate 
 with a company in Illinois that had projected a line of railroad from Peoria, in Illinois, to the south 
 line of the state of Wisconsin. The road is constructed and in operation from Fond du Lac to 
 Iron Ridge, a point on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, twenty-nine miles from Fond 
 du Lac. 
 
 The " Pine River & Steven's Point Railroad Company '' was organized by the enterprising 
 citizens of Richland Center, and has built a narrow gauge road from Lone Rock, a point on the 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul road, in Richland county, to Richland Center, sixteen miles in 
 length. Its track is laid with wooden rails, and it is oi)erated successfully. 
 
 The '■ Chicago & Tomah Railroad Company " organized under the general railroad law of 
 the state, in 1872, to construct a narrow gauge road from Chicago, in Illinois, to the city of 
 Tomah, in Wisconsin. Its president and active manager is D. R. Williams, of Clermont, Iowa, 
 and its secretary is L. M. Culver, of Wauzeka. It has graded about forty-live miles, extending 
 from Wauzeka u|j the valley of the Kickapoo river, in Crawford county, Wisconsin. It expects 
 to have fifty-four miles in operation, to Bloomingdale, in Vernon county, the present year {1877). 
 The rolling stock is guaranteed, and the president is negotiating for the purchase of the iron. 
 South of Wauzeka the line is located to Belmont, in Iowa county. At Wauzeka it will connect 
 with the Chicago, IMilwaukee & St. Paul line. 
 
 The publi. -spirited citizens of Necedah, in Juneau county, have organized under the general 
 law of the state, and graded a road-bed from their village to New Lisbon, on the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St. Paul company's line. The latter company furnish and lay the iron, and will 
 operate the road. It is thirteen miles in length. 
 
 Conclusion. 
 
 The railroads of Wisconsin have grown up under the requirements of the several localities 
 that have planned and commenced their construction, and without regard to any general 
 system. Frequently the work of construction was begun before adequate means were provided, 
 and bankruptcy overtook the roads in their early stages. The consolidation of the various 
 companies, as in the cases of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, the Chicago & Northwestern, 
 and others, has been effected to give through lines and the public greater facilities, as well as to 
 introduce economy in management. At times the people have become apprehensive, and by legisla- 
 tive action prohibited railroads from consolidating, and have sought to control and break down 
 the power of these corporations and to harmonize the interests of the companies and the 
 public. The act of 1S74, called the "Potter law," was the assertion, by the legislative power of 
 the state, of its right to control corporations created by itself, and limit the rates at which freight 
 and passengers should be carried. After a long and expensive contest, carried through the state 
 and federal courts, this right has been established, being finally settled by the decision of the 
 supreme court of the United States. 
 
 Quite all the railroads of Wisconsin have been built with foreign capital. The plan pursued 
 after an organization was effected, was to obtain stock subscriptions from those immediately 
 
LITMBER MAjrUFACTURE. 185 
 
 interested in the enterprise, procure the aid of counties and municipalities, and then allure the 
 farmers, with the prospect of joint ownership in railroads, to subscribe for stock and mortgage 
 their farms to secure the payment of their subscriptions. Then the whole line was bonded and 
 a mortgage executed. The bonds and mortgages thus obtained, were taken to the mone_v 
 centers of New York, London, Amsterdam and other places, and sold, or hypothecated to 
 obtain the money with which to prosecute the work. The bonds and mortgages were made to 
 draw a high rate of interest, and the earnings of these new roads, through unsettled localities, 
 were insufficient to pay more than running and incidental expenses, and frequently fell short of 
 that. Default occurring in the payment of interest, the mortgages were foreclosed and the 
 property passed into the hands and under the control of foreign capitalists. Such has b«en the 
 history of most of the railroads of our state. The total number of farm mortgages given has 
 been 3,785, amounting to $4,079,433 ; town, county and municipal bonds, amounting to 
 $6,910,652. The total cost of all the railroads in the state, as given by the railroad commissioner 
 in his report for 1876, has been $98,343,453.67. This vast sum is, no doubt, greatly in excess of 
 what the cost should have been, but the roads have proved of immense benefit in the develop- 
 ment of the material resources of the state. 
 
 Other lines are nefeded through sections not yet traversed by the iron steed, and present 
 lines should be extended by branch roads. The questions upoa which great issues were raised 
 between the railway corporations and the people, are now happily settled by securing to the latter 
 their rights ; and the former, under the wise and conciliatory policy pursued by their managers, 
 are assured of the sarfety of their investments, .^n era of good feeling has succeeded one of 
 distrust and antagonism. The people must use the railroads, and the railroads depend upon the 
 people for sustenance and protection. This mutuality of interest, when fully recognized on both 
 sides, will result in giving to capital a fair return and to labor its just reward. 
 
 LUMBER MANUFACTURE. 
 
 Bv W. B. JUDSON. 
 
 Foremost among the industries of Wisconsin is that of manufacturing lumber. Very much 
 of the importance to which the state has attained is due to the development of its forest wealth. 
 In America, agriculture always has been, and always will be, the primary and most important 
 interest; but no nation can subsist upon agriculture alone. While the broad prairies of Illinois 
 and Iowa are rich with a fertile and productive soil, the hills and valleys of northern Wisconsin 
 are clothed with a wealth of timber that has given birth to a great manufacturing interest, which 
 employs millions of capital and thousands of men, and has peopled the northern wilds with 
 energetic, prosperous communities, built up enterprising cities, and crossed the state with a net- 
 work of railways which furnish outlets for its productions and inlets for the new populations 
 which are ever seeking for homes and employment nearer to the setting sun. 
 
 If a line be drawn upon the state map, from Green Bay westward through Stevens Point, 
 to where it would naturally strike the Mississippi river, it will be below the southern boundary of 
 the pine timber regions, with the single exception of the district drained by the Yellow river, a 
 tributary of the Wisconsin, drawing its timber chiefly from Wood and Juneau counties. The 
 territory north of this imaginary line covers an area a little greater than one half of the state. 
 The pine timbered land is found in belts or ridges, interspersed with prairie openings, patches 
 of hardwood and hemlock, and drained by numerous water-courses. No less than seven large 
 
186 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 rivers traverse this northern section, and, with their numerous tributaries, penetrate every county, 
 afifording facilities for floating the logs to the mills, and, in many instances, the power to cut them 
 into lumber. This does not include the St. Croix, which forms the greater portion of the 
 boundary line between Wisconsin and Minnesota, and, by means of its tributaries, draws the most 
 and best of its pine from the former state. These streams divide the territory, as far as lumbering 
 is concerned, into six separate and distinct districts : The Green bay shore, which includes the 
 Wisconsin side of the Menomonee, the Peshtigo and Oconto rivers, with a number of creeks 
 which flow into the bay between the mouths of the Oconto and Fox rivers ; the Wolf river 
 district; the Wisconsin river, including the Yellow, as before mentioned ;• the Black river; the 
 Chippewa and Red Cedar; and the Wisconsin side of the St. Croix. 
 
 Beginning with the oldest of these, the Green bay shore, a brief description of each will be 
 attempted. The first saw-mill built in the state, of which there is now any knowledge, was put in 
 operation in 1809, in Brown county, two or three miles east from Depere, on a little stream which 
 was known as East river. It was built by Jacob Franks, but probably was a very small affair. 
 Of its machinery or capacity for sawing, no history has been recorded, and it is not within the 
 memory of any inhabitant of to-day. In 1S29, John P. Arndt, of Green Bay, built a water- 
 power mill on the Pensaukee river at a point where the town of Big Suamico now stands. In 
 1834, a mill was built on the Wisconsin side of the Menomonee, and, two years later, one at 
 Peshtigo. Lumber was first shipped to market from this district in 1834, which must be termed 
 the beginning of lumbering operations on the bay shore. The lands drained by the streams 
 which flow into Green bay are located in Shawano and Oconto counties, the latter being the 
 largest in the state. In 1847, Willard Lamb, of Green Bay, made the first sawed pine shingles in 
 that district ; they were sold to the Galena railroad company for use on depot buildings, and 
 were the first of the kind sold in Chicago. Subsequently Green Bay became one of the greatest 
 points for the manufacture of such shingles in the world. The shores of the bay are low, and 
 gradually change from marsh to swamp, then to level dry land, and finally become broken and 
 mountainous to the northward. The pine is in dense groves that crowd closely upon the swamps 
 skirting the bay, and reach far back among the hills of the interior. The Peshtigo flows into the 
 bay about ten miles south of the Menomonee, and takes its rise far back in Oconto county, near 
 to the latter's southern tributaries. It is counted a good logging stream, its annual product 
 being from 40,000,000 to 60,000,000 feet. The timber is of a rather coarse quality, running but 
 a small percentage to what the lumbermen term "uppers." .\bout ten per cent, is what is 
 known as Norway pine. Of the whole amount of timber tributary to the Peshtigo, probably 
 about one third has been cut off to this date. The remainder will not average of as good quality, 
 and only a limited portion of the land is of any value for agricultural purposes after being cleared 
 of the pine. There are only two mills on this stream, both being owned by one company. The 
 Oconto is one of the most important streams in the district. The, first saw-mill was built 
 on its banks about the year 1840, though the first lumbering operations of any account were 
 begun in 1845 by David Jones. The business was conducted quite moderately until 1856, 
 in which year several mills were built, and from that date Oconto has been known as quite 
 an extensive lumber manufacturing point. The timber tributary to this stream has been of 
 the best quality found in the state. Lumber cut from it has been known to yield the 
 extraordinarily high average "of fifty and sixty per cent, uppers. The timber now being cut 
 will not average more than half that. The proportion of Norway is about five per cent. It is 
 estimated that from three fourths to four fifths of the timber tributary to the Oconto has been 
 cut away, but it will require a much longer time to convert the balance into lumber than was 
 necessary to cut its equivalent in amount, owing to its remote location. The annual production 
 
LUMBEK MANUFACTURE. 187 
 
 of pine lumber at Oconto is from 50,000,000 to 65,000,000 feet. The whole production of the 
 district, exclusive of the timber which is put into the Menomonee from Wisconsin, is about 
 140,000,000 feet annually. 
 
 The Wolf river and its tributaries constitute the next district, proceeding westward. The 
 first saw logs cut on this stream for commercial purposes were floated to the government mill at 
 Neenah in 1835. In 1842, Samuel Farnsworth erected the first saw-mill on the upper Wolf 
 near the location of the present village of Shawano, and in the following spring he sent the first 
 raft of lumber down the Wolf to Oshkosh. This river also rises in Oconto county, but flows in 
 a southerly direction, and enters Winnebago lake at Oshkosh. Its pineries have been very exten- 
 sive, but the drain upon them within the past decade has told with greater effect than upon any 
 other district in the state. The quality of the timber is very fine, and the land is considered good 
 for agricultural purposes, and is being occupied upon the lines of the different railways which 
 cross it. The upper waters of the Wolf are rapid, .^nd have a comparatively steady flow, which 
 renders it a very good stream for driving logs. Upon the upper river, the land is quite rolling, 
 and about the head-waters is almost mountainous. The pine timber that remains in this dis- 
 trict is high up on the main river and branches, and will last but a few years longer. A few years 
 ago the annual product amounted to upward of 250,000,000 feet; in 1876 it was 138,000,000, 
 The principal maniifacturing points are Oshkosh and Fond du Lac ; the former has 21 mills, and 
 the latter 10. 
 
 Next comes the Wisconsin, the longest and most crooked river in the state. It rises in the 
 extreme northern sections, and its general course is southerly until, at Portage City, it makes a 
 grand sweep to the westward and unites with the Mississippi at Prairie du Chien. It has numer- 
 ous tributaries, and, together with these, drains a larger area of country than any other river in 
 the state. Its waters flow swiftly and over numerous rapids and embryo falls, which renders log- 
 driving and raft-running very difficult and even hazardous. The timber is generally near the 
 banks of the main stream and its tributaries, gradually diminishing in extent as it recedes from 
 them and giving place to the several varieties of hard-woods. The extent to which operations 
 have been carried on necessitates going further up the stream for available timber, although there 
 is yet what may be termed an abundant supply. The first cutting of lumber on this stream, of 
 which there is any record, was by government soldiers, in 1828, at the building of Fort Winne- 
 bago. In 1831, a mill was built at Whitney's rapids, below Point Bass, in what was then Indian 
 territory. By 1840, mills were in operation as high up as Big Bull falls, and Wausau had a 
 population of 350 souls. Up to 1876, the product of the upper Wisconsin was all sent in rafts 
 to markets on the Mississippi. The river above Point Bass is a series of rapids and eddies ; the 
 current flows at the rate of from 10 to 20 miles an hour, and it can well be imagined that the 
 task of piloting a raft from Wausau to the dells was no slight one. The cost of that kind of 
 transportation in the early times was actually equal to the present market price of the lumber. 
 With a good stage of water, the length of time required to run a raft to St. Louis was 24 days, 
 though quite frequently, owing to inability to get out of the Wisconsin on one rise of water, sev- 
 eral weeks were consumed. The amount of lumber manufactured annually on this river is from 
 140,000,000 to 200,000,000 feet. 
 
 Black river is much shorter and smaller than the Wisconsin, bat has long been known as a 
 very important lumbering stream. It is ne.xt to the oldest lumber district in the state. The 
 first saw-mill west of Green Bay was built at Black River Falls in 1819 by Col. John Shaw. 
 The Winnebago tribe of Indians, however, in whose territory he was, objected to the innovation 
 of such a fine art, and unceremoniously offered up the mill upon the altar of their outraged 
 
188 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 solitude. The owner abruptly quitted that portion of the country. In 1839 another attempt 
 to establish a mill on Black river was more successfully made. One was erected at the same 
 point by two brothers by the name of Wood, the millwright being Jacob Spaulding, who 
 eventually became its possessor. His son, Mr. Dudley J. Spaulding, is now a very extensive 
 operator upon Black river. La Crosse is the chief manufacturing point, there being ten saw-mills 
 located there. The annual production of the stream ranges from 150,000,000 to 225,000,000 feet 
 of logs, less than 100,000,000 feet being manufactured into lumber on its banks. The balance 
 is sold in the log to mills on the Mississippi. It is a very capricious river to float logs in, which 
 necessitates the carrying over from year to year of a very large amount, variously estimated at 
 from 150,000,000 to 200,000,000 feet, about equal to an entire season's product. This makes the 
 business more hazardous than on many other streams, as the loss from depreciation is very great 
 after the first year. The quality of the timber is fine, and good prices are realized for it when 
 sold within a year after being cut. 
 
 The Chippewa district probably contains the largest and finest body of white pine timber 
 now standing, tributary to any one stream, on the continent. It has been claimed, though with 
 more extravagance than truth,, that the Chippewa pineries hold one-half the timber supply of 
 the state. The river itself is a large one, and has many triljutaries, which penetrate the rich 
 pine district in all directions. The character of the tributary country is not unlike that through 
 which the Wisconsin flows. In iS28the first mill was built in the Chippewa valley, on Wilson's 
 creek, near its confluence with the Red Cedar. Its site is now occupied by the village of Meno- 
 monee. In 1837 another was built on what is the present site of the Union Lumbering Company's 
 mill at (,'hippewa Falls. It was not until near 1865 that the Chippewa became very prominent as a 
 lumber-making stream. Since that date it has been counted as one of the foremost in the north- 
 west. Upon the river proper there are twenty-two saw-mills, none having a capacity of less than 
 3,500,000 feet per season, and a number being capable of sawing from 20,000,000 to 25,000,000 
 The annual production of sawed lumber is from 250,000,000 to 300,000,000 feet ; the production 
 of logs from 400,000,000 to 500,000,000 feet. In 1867 the mill-owners upon the Mississippi, 
 between Winona and Keokuk, organized a corporation known as the Beef Slough Manufactur- 
 ing, Log-Driving and Transportation Company. Its object was to facilitate the handling of logs 
 cut upon the Chippewa and its tributaries, designed for the Mississippi mills. At the confluence 
 of the two rivers various improvements were made, constituting the Beef Slough boom, which is 
 capable of assorting 200,000,000 feet of logs per season. The Chippewa is the most difficult 
 stream in the northwest upon which to operate. In the spring season it is turbulent and 
 ungovernable, and in summer, almost destitute of water. About its head are numerous lakes 
 which easily overflow under the influence of rain, and as their surplus water flows into the 
 Chippewa, its rises are sudden and sometimes damaging in their extent. The river in many 
 places flows between high bluffs, and, under the influence of a freshet, becomes a wild and 
 unmanageable torrent. Logs have never been floated in rafts, as upon other streams, but are 
 turned in loose, and are carried down with each successive rise, in a jumbled and confused mass, 
 which entails much labor and loss in the work of assorting an 1 delivering to the respective 
 owners. Previous to the organization of the Eagle Rapids Flooding Dam and Boom Company, 
 in 1872, the work of securing the stock after putting it into the river was more difficult than to 
 cut and haul it. At the cities of Eau Claire and Chippewa Falls, where most of the mills are 
 located, the current, under the influence of high water, is very rapid, and for years the problem 
 was, how to stop and retain the logs, as they would go by in great masses and with almost resist- 
 less velocity. In 1847 is recorded one of the most sudden and disastrous floods in the history 
 of log-running streams. In the month of June the Chippewa rose twelve feet in a single night, 
 
LUMBER MANUFACTURE. 389 
 
 and, in the disastrous torrent that was created, piers, booms, or " pockets " for holding logs at the 
 mills, together with a fine new mill, were swept away, and the country below where Eau Claire 
 now stands was covered with drift-wood, saw-logs, and other debris. Such occurrences led to 
 the invention of the since famous sheer boom, which is a device placed in the river opposite 
 the mill boom into which it is desired to turn the logs. The sheer boom is th.own diagonally 
 across the river, automatically, the action of the current upon a number of ingeniously arranged 
 " fins '' holding it in position. By this means the logs are sheered into the receptacle until it is 
 filled, when the sheer boom, by closing up the " fins" with a windlass, falls back, and allows the 
 logs to go on for the next mill to stop and capture its pocket full in like manner. By this 
 method each mill could obtain a stock, but a great difficulty was experienced from the fact that 
 the supply was composed of logs cut and owned by everybody operating on the river, and the 
 process of balancing accounts according to the " marks," at the close of the season, has been 
 one prolific of trouble and legal entanglements. The building of improvements at Eagle 
 Rapids by the company above mentioned remedied the difficulty to some extent, but the process 
 of logging will always be a difficult and hazardous enterprise until adequate means for holding 
 and assorting the entire log product are provided'. Upon the Yellow and Eau Claire rivers, two 
 important branches of the Chippewa, such difficulties are avoided by suitable improvements. 
 The entire lumber product of the Chippewa, with the exception of that consumed locally, is 
 floated in rafts to markets upon the Mississippi, between its mouth and St. Louis. The quality 
 of the timber is good, and commands the best market price in the sections where it seeks 
 market. 
 
 West of the Chippewa district the streams and timber are tributary to the St. Croix, and in 
 all statistical calculations the entire product of that river is credited to Minnesota, the same as 
 that of the Menomonee is given to Michigan, when in fact about one half of each belongs to 
 Wisconsin. The important branches of the St. Croix belonging in this state are the Apple 
 Clam, Yellow, Namekogan, Totagatic and Eau Claire. The sections of country through which 
 they flow contain large bodies of very fine pine timber. The St. Croix has long been noted for 
 the excellence of its dimension timber. Of this stock a portion is cut into lumber at Stillwater, 
 and marketed by rail, and the balance is sold in the log to mills on the Mississippi. 
 
 Such is a brief and somewhat crude descriptiDn of the main lumbering districts of the state. 
 Aside from these, quite extensive operations are conducted upon various railway lines which 
 penetrate the forests which are remote from log-running streams. In almost every county in 
 the state, mills of greater or less capacity may be found cutting up pine or hard- woods into 
 lumber, shingles, or cooperage stock. Most important, in a lumbering point of view, of all the 
 railroads, is the Wisconsin Central. It extends from Milwaukee to Ashland, on Lake Superior, 
 a distance of 351 miles, with a line to Green Bay, 113 miles, and one from Stevens Point to 
 Portage, 71 miles, making a total length of road, of 449 miles. It has only been completed to 
 Ashland within the last two years. From Milwaukee to Stevens Point it passes around to the 
 east and north of Lake Winnebago, through an excellent hard-wood section. There are many 
 stave mills in operation upon and tributary to its line, together with wooden-ware establishments 
 and various manufactories requiring either hard or soft limber as raw material. From Stevens 
 Point northward, this road passes through and has tributary to it one of the finest bodies of tim- 
 ber in the state. It crosses the upper waters of Black river and the Flambeau, one of the main 
 tributaries of the Chippewa. From 30,000,000 to 50,000,000 feet of lumber is annually manu- 
 factured on its line, above Stevens Point. The Wisconsin Valley railroad extends from Tomah 
 to Wausau, and was built to afford an outlet, by rail, for the lumber produced at the latter point. 
 
 The extent of the timber supply in this state has been a matter of much speculation, and 
 
190 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 is a subject upon which but little can be definitely said. Pine trees can not be counted or 
 measured until reduced to saw-logs or lumber. It is certain that for twenty years the 
 forests of Wisconsin have yielded large amounts of valuable timber, and no fears are 
 entertained by holders of pine lands that the present generation of owners will witness 
 an exhaustion of their supply. In some sections it is estimated that the destruction to 
 the standing timber by fires, which periodically sweep over large sections, is greater than 
 by the a.\es of the loggers. The necessity for a state system of forestry, for the protection of 
 the forests from fires, has been urged by many, and with excellent reason ; for no natural resource 
 of the state is of more value and importance than its wealth of timber. According to an esti- 
 mate recently made by a good authority, and which received the sanction of many interested 
 parties, there was standing in the state in 1876, an amount of pine timber approximating 
 35,000,000,000 feet. 
 
 The annual production of lumber in the districts herein described, and from logs floated out 
 of the state to mills on the Mississippi, is about 1,200,000,000 feet. The following table gives 
 the mill capacity per season, and the lumber and shingles manufactured in 1876 : 
 
 Green Bay Shore — 
 
 Wolf River - 
 
 Wisconsin Central Railroad 
 
 Green Bay & Minnesota Railroad 
 
 Wisconsin River — 
 
 Black River..-- 
 
 Chippewa River - 
 
 Mississippi River — using Wisconsin logs. 
 
 Total .- 
 
 SEASON 
 CAPACITY. 
 
 206,000,000 
 258,500,000 
 72,500 000 
 34,500.000 
 222,000,000 
 101,000,000 
 311,000,000 
 509,000,000 
 
 1,714,500,000 
 
 LUMBER 
 
 MANUFACTURED 
 
 IN 1876. 
 
 138,250,000 
 
 138,645,077 
 
 31,530,000 
 
 17,700,000 
 
 139,700,000 
 
 70.852.747 
 
 255,866,999 
 
 380,067,000 
 
 1,172,611,823 
 
 SHINGLES 
 
 MANUFACTURED 
 
 IN 1876. 
 
 85,400,000 
 123,192,000 
 132,700,000 
 
 10,700,000 
 106,250,000 
 
 37,675,000 
 
 79,250.000 
 206,977,000 
 
 782,144,000 
 
 If to the above is added the production of mills outside of the main districts and lines of rail- 
 way herein described, the amount of pine lumber annually i)roduced from Wisconsin forests would 
 reach 1,500,000,000 feet. Of the hard-wood production no authentic information is obtainable^ 
 To cut the logs and place them upon the banks of the streams, ready for floating to the mills, 
 requires the labor of about 18,000 men. Allowing that, upon an average, each man has a family 
 of two persons besides himself, dependent upon his labor for support, it would be apparent that 
 the first step in the work of manufacturing lumber gives employment and support to 54,000 
 persons. To convert 1,000,000 feet of logs into lumber, requires the consumption of 1,200 
 bushels of oats, 9 barrels of pork and beef, 10 tons of hay, 40 barrels of flour, and the use of 2 
 pairs of horses. Thus the fitting out of the logging companies each fall makes a market for 
 1,800,000 bushels of oats, 13,500 barrels of pork and beef, 15,000 tons of hay, and 60,000 barrels 
 of flour. Before the lumber is sent to market, fully $6,000,000 is expended for the labor 
 employed in producing it. This industry, aside from furnishing the farmer of the west with the 
 cheapest and best of materials for constructing his buildings, also furnishes a very important 
 market for the products of his farm. 
 
 The question of the exhaustion of the pine timber supply has met with much discussion 
 during the past few years, and, so far as the forests of Wisconsin are concerned, deserves a brief 
 notice. The great source of supply of white pine timber in the country is that portion of the 
 northwest between the shores of Lake Huron and the banks of the Mississippi, comprising the 
 
LUMBER MANUFACTURE. 191 
 
 northern portions of the states of Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. For a quarter of a 
 century these fields have been worked by lumbermen, the amount of the yearly production 
 having increased annually until it reached the enormous figure of 4,000,000,000 feet. With all 
 of this tremendous drain upon the forests, there can be pointed out but one or two sections that 
 are actually exhausted. There are, however, two or three where the end can be seen and the 
 date almost foretold. The pineries of Wisconsin have been drawn upon for a less period and 
 less amount than those of Michigan, and, it is generally conceded, will outlast them at the present 
 proportionate rate of cutting. There are many owners of pine timber lands who laugh at the 
 prospect of exhausting their timber, within their lifetime. As time brings them nearer to the end, 
 the labor of procuring the logs, by reason of the distance of the timber from the water-courses, 
 will increase, and the work will jirogress more slowly. 
 
 In the future of this industry there is much promise. Wisconsin is the natural source of 
 supply for a very large territory. The populous prairies of Illinois and Iowa are near-by and 
 unfailing markets. The broad plains of Kansas and the rich valleys of Nebraska, which are still in 
 the cradle of development, will make great drafts upon her forests for the material to construct cities 
 in which the first corner-stone is yet unlaid. Minnesota, notwithstanding the fact that large 
 forests exist within her own confines, is even now no mean customer for Wisconsin lumber, and 
 the ambitious territory of Dakota will soon clamor for material to' build up a great and wealthy 
 state. In the inevitable progress of development and growth which must characterize the great 
 west, the demand for pine lumber for building material will be a prominent feature. With the 
 growth of time, changes will occur in the methods of reducing the forests. With the increasing 
 demand and enhancing values will come improvements in manipulating the raw material, and a 
 stricter economy will be preserved in the handling of a commodity which the passage of time 
 only makes more valuable. Wisconsin will become the home of manufactories, which will 
 convert her trees into finished articles of daily consumption, giving employment to thousands of 
 artisans where it now requires hundreds, and bringing back millions of revenue where is now 
 realized thousands. Like all other commodities, lumber becomes more valuable as skilled labor 
 is employed in its manipulation, and the greater the extent to which this is carried, the greater is 
 the growth in prosperity, of the state and its ])eople. 
 
 BANKING IN WISCONSIN. 
 
 By JOHN P. McGregor. 
 
 Wisconsin was organized as a territory in 1836, and the same year several acts were passed 
 by the territorial legislature, incorporating banks of issue. Of these, one at Green Bay and 
 another at Mineral Point went into operation just in time to play their part in the great panic 
 of 1837. The bank at Green Bay soon failed and left its bills unredeemed. The bank at 
 Mineral Point is said to have struggled a little longer, but both these concerns were short lived, 
 and their issues were but a drop in the great flood of worthless wild-cat bank notes that spread 
 over the whole western country in that disastrous time. The sufferings of the people of Wis- 
 consin, from this cause, left a vivid impression on their minds, which manifested its results in the 
 legislation of the territory and in the constitution of the state adopted in 1S48. So jealous were 
 the legislatures of the territory, of banks and all their works, that, in every act of incorporatior 
 for any purpose, a clause was inserted to the effect that nothing in the act contained should be 
 
192 HISTORY or WISCONSIN. 
 
 taken to authorize the corporation to assume or exercise any banking powers ; and this proviso 
 was even added to acts incorporating church societies. For some years there can hardly be said 
 to have been any banking business done in the territory ; merchants and business men were left 
 to their own devices to make their exchanges, and every man was his own banker. 
 
 In the year 1S39 an act was [lassed incorporating the " Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance 
 Company," of Milwaukee. This charter conferred on the corporation, in addition to the usual 
 powers of a fire and marine insurance company, the privilege of receiving deposits, issuing certifi- 
 cates of deposit sa\i\ lending money, — and wound up with the usual prohibition from doing a 
 banking business. This company commenced business at once under the management of George 
 Smith as president and Alexander Mitchell as secretary. The receiving deposits, issuing certifi- 
 cates of deposit and lending money, soon outgrew and overshadowed the insurance branch of the 
 institution, which accordingly gradually dried up. In fact, the certificates of deposit had all the 
 appearance of ordinary bank notes, and served the purposes of an excellent currency, being 
 always promptly redeemed in coin on demand. Gradually these issues attained a great 
 circulation all through the west, as the people gained more and more confidence in the honesty 
 and ability of the managers ; and though " runs " were several times made, yet being successfully 
 met, the public finally settled down into the belief that these bills were good beyond question, so 
 that the amount in circulation at one time, is said, on good authority, to have been over 
 $2,000,000. 
 
 As the general government required specie to be paid for all lands bought of it, the Wis- 
 consin Marine and Fire Insurance company, by redemption of its " certificates of deposit," 
 furnished a large part of the coin needed for use at the Milwaukee land office, and more or less 
 for purchases at land offices in other parts of the state, and its issues were of course much in 
 request for this purpose. For many years this institution furnished the main banking facilities 
 for the business men of the territory and young state, in the way of discounts and exchanges. 
 Its right to carry on the operations it was engaged in, under its somewhat dubious and incon- 
 sistent charter, was often questioned, and, in 1852, under the administration of Governor Farwell, 
 some steps were taken to test the matter; but as the general banking law had then been passed 
 by the legislature, and was about to be submitted to the people, and as it was understood that the 
 company -vould organize as a bank under the law, if approved, the legal proceedings were not 
 pressed. While this corporation played so important a part in the financial history and commer- 
 cial development of Wisconsin, the writer is not aware of any available statistics as to the 
 amount of business transacted by it before it became merged in the "Wisconsin Marine and 
 Fire Insurance Company's Bank." 
 
 In 1S47, the foundation of the present well-known firm of Marshall & Ilsley was laid by 
 Samuel Marshall, who, in that year, opened a private banking office in Milwaukee, and was joined 
 in 1849 by Charles F. Ilsley. This concern has always held a prominent position among the 
 banking institutions of our state. About this time, at Mineral Point, Washburn & Woodman 
 (C. C. Washburn and Cyrus Woodman) engaged in private banking, as a part of their business. 
 After some years they were succeeded by Wm. T. Henry, who still continues the banking office. 
 Among the early private bankers of the state were Mr. Kellogg, of Oshkosh ; Ulmann and Bell, of 
 Racine ; and T. C. Shove, of Manitowoc. The latter still continues his business, while that of 
 the other firms has 1 een wound up or merged in organized banks. 
 
 In 1848, Wisconsin adopted a state constitution. This constitution prohibited the legislature 
 from incorporating banks and from conferring banking powers on any corporation; but provided 
 the question of "banks or no banks " might be submitted to a vote of the electors, and, if the 
 decision should be in favor of banks, then the legislature might charter banks or might enact a 
 
BAXKINCr IX WISCONSIN. 193 
 
 general banking law, but no such special charter or general banking law should have any force 
 until submitted to the electors at a general election, and approved by a majority of votes cast on 
 that subject. In 1S51, the legislature submitted this question to the peojjle, and a majority of 
 the votes were cast in favor of " banks." Accordingly the legislature, in 1852, made a general 
 banking law, which was submitted to the electors in November of that year, and was approved 
 by them. This law was very similar to the free banking law of the state of New York, which 
 had then been in force about fifteen years, and was generally approved in that state. Our law 
 authorized any number of individuals to form a corporate association for banking purposes, and 
 its main provisions were intended to provide security for the circulating notes, by deposit of state 
 and United States stocks or bonds with the state treasurer, so that the bill holders should sustain 
 no loss in case of the failure of the banks. Provision was made for a bank comptroller, whose 
 main duty it was to see that countersigned circulating notes were issued to banks only in proper 
 amounts for the securities deposited, and upon compliance with the law, and that the banks kept 
 these securities good. 
 
 The first bank comptroller was James S. Baker, who was appointed by Governor Farwell. 
 
 The first banks organized under the new law were the " State Bank," established at Madi- 
 son by Marshall & Ilsley, and the "Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance Company's Bank," 
 established at Milwaukee under the old management of that company. These banks both went 
 intooperation early in January, 1853, and, later in that year, the " State Bank of Wisconsin " (now 
 Milwaukee National Bank of Wisconsin), and the '' Farmers' and Millers' Bank " (now First 
 National Bank of Milwaukee), were established, followed in January, 1854, by the "'Bank of Mil- 
 waukee " (now^ National Exchange Bank of Milwaukee). From this time forward banks were 
 rapidly established at different points through the state, until in July, 1857, they numbered si.xty 
 — with aggregate capital, $4,205,000; deposits, $3,920,238; and circulation, $2,231,829. In 
 October, the great revulsion and panic of 1857 came on, and in its course and effects tried pretty 
 severely the new banks in Wisconsin. Some of them succumbed to the pressure, but most of 
 them stood the trial well. 
 
 The great source of loss and weakness at that time was found in the rapid decline of the 
 market value of the securities deposited to protect circulation, which were mostly state bonds, 
 and largely those of the southern states; so that this security, when it came to be tried, did not 
 prove entirely sufficient. Another fault of the system, or of the practice under it, was developed 
 at this time. It was found that many of the banks had been set up without actual working capi- 
 tal, merely for the purpose of issuing circulating notes, and were located at distant and inaccessible 
 points in what was then the great northern wilderness of the state ; so that it was e.xpensive and 
 in fact impracticable to present their issues for redemption. While these evils and their rem- 
 edies were a good deal discussed among bankers, the losses and inconveniences to the people 
 were not yet great enough to lead to the adoption of thorough and complete measures of reform. 
 The effect of these difficulties, however, was to bring the bankers of the state into the habit of 
 consulting and acting together in cases of emergency, the first bankers' convention having been 
 held in 1857. This was followed by others from time to time, and it would be difficult to over- 
 value the great good that has resulted, at several important crises from the ham onious and con- 
 servative action of the bankers of our state. Partly, at least, upon their recommendations the 
 legislature, in 1858, adopted amendments to the banking law, providing that no bank should be 
 located in a township containing less than two hundred inhabitants ; and that the comptroller 
 should not issue circulating notes, except to banks doing a regular discount deposit and exchange 
 business in some inhabited town, village, city, or where the ordinary business of inhabited towns, 
 villages and cities was carried on. These amendments were approved by the people at the fall 
 
194 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN". 
 
 election of that year. 
 
 Banking matters now ran along pretty smoothly until the election in i860, of the republican 
 presidential ticket, and the consequent agitation in the southern states threatening civil war, the 
 effects of which were speedily felt; first, in the great depreciation of the bonds of the southern 
 states, and then in a less decline in those of the northern states. At this time (taking the state- 
 ment of July, i860,) the number of banks was 104, with aggregate capital, $6,547,000; circula- 
 tion, $4,075,918; deposits, $3,230,252. 
 
 During the winter following, there was a great deal of uneasiness in regard to our state cur- 
 rency, and CO itinuous demand upon our banks for the redemption of their circulating notes in 
 coin. Many banks of the wild-cat sort failed to redeem their notes, which became depreciated 
 and uncurrent; and, when the rebellion came to a head by the firing on Fort Sumter, the banking 
 interests of the state were threatened with destruction by compulsory winding up and enforced 
 sale at the panic prices then prevailing, of the sec^urities deposited to secure circulation. Under 
 these circumstances, on the 17th of April, 1861, the legislature passed " an act to protect the 
 holders of the circulating notes of the authorized banks of the state of Wisconsin." As the 
 banking law could not be amended except by approval of the electors, by vote at a general 
 election, a practical suspension of specie payment had to be effected by indirect methods. So 
 this act first directed the bank comptroller to suspend all action toward banks for failing to 
 redeem their circulation. Secondly, it prohibited notaries public from protesting bills of banks 
 until Dec i, 1S61. Thirdly, it gave banks until that date to answer complaints in any proceed- 
 ing to compel specie payment of circulating notes. This same legislature also amended the 
 banking law, to cure defects that had been developed in it. These amendments vi^ere intended 
 to facilitate the presentation and protest of circulating notes, and the winding up of banks 
 failing to redeem them, and provided that the bank comptroller should not issue circulating notes 
 e.xcept to banks having actual cash capital ; on which point he was to take evidence in all cases ; 
 that after Dec. i, 1861, all banks of the state should redeem their issues either at Madison or 
 Milwaukee, and no bonds or stocks should be received as security for circulation e.xcept those of 
 the United States and of the state of Wisconsin. 
 
 Specie payment of bank bills was then practically suspended, in our state, from April 17 to 
 December i, 1861, and there was no longer any plain jiractical test for determining which were 
 good, and which not. In this condition of things, bankers met in convention, and, after discus- 
 sion and inquiry as to the condition and resources of the different banks, put forth a list of those 
 whose issues were to be considered current and bankable. But things grew worse, and it was 
 evident that the list contained banks that would never be able to redeem their circulation, and 
 the issues of such were from time to time thrown out and discredited without any concert of 
 action, so that the uneasiness of people in regard to the financial situation was greatly increased. 
 The bankers finally met, gave the banks another sifting, and put forth a list of seventy banks 
 whose circulating notes they pledged themselves to receive, and pay out as current, until Decem- 
 ber I. There had been so many changes that this pledge was thought necessary to allay the 
 apprehensions of the public. But matters still grew worse instead of better. Some of the 
 banks in the " current " list closed their doors to their depositors, and others were evidently 
 unsound, and their circulation so insufficiently secured as to make it certain that it would never 
 be redeemed. There was more or less sorting of the currency, both by banks and business men, 
 all over the state, in the endeavor to keep the best and pay out the poorest. In this state of 
 things, some of the Milwaukee banks, without concert of action, and acting under the apprehen- 
 sion of being loaded up with the very worst of the currency, which, it was feared, the country 
 banks and merchants were sorting out and sending to Milwaukee, revised the list again, and 
 
BANKING IN WISCONSIN. 195 
 
 threw out ten oL the seventy banks whose issues it had been agreed should be received as 
 current. Other banks and bankers were compelled to take the same course to protect them- 
 selves. The consequence was a great disturbance of the public mind, and violent charges of 
 bad faith on the part of the banks, which culminated in the bank riots of June 24, 1861. On 
 that day. a crowd of several hundred disorderly people, starting out most probably only with the 
 idea of making some sort of demonstration of their dissatisfaction with the action of the banks 
 and bankers and with the failure to keep faith with the public, marched through the streets with 
 H band of music, and brought up at the corner of Michigan and East Water streets. 
 
 The banks had just sufficient notice of these proceedings to enable them to lock up their 
 money and valuables in their vaults, before the storm broke upon them. The mob halted at the 
 place above mentioned, and for a time contented themselves with hooting, and showed no dispo- 
 sition to proceed to violence; but, after a little while, a stone was thrown through the windows 
 of the Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance Company's Bank, situated at one corner of the 
 above streets, and volley . of stones soon followed, not only against that bank, but also against 
 the State Bank of Wisconsin, situated on the opposite corner. The windows of both these 
 institutions and of the offices in the basements under them were effectually demolished. 
 The mob then made a rus-h into these banks and offices, and completely guttei them, offering 
 more or less violence to the inmates, though no person was seriously hurt. The broken furni- 
 ture of the offices under the State Bank of Wisconsin was piled up, and the torch was applied 
 by some of the rioters, while others were busy in endeavoring to break into the safes of the offices 
 and the vaults of the banks. The debris of the furniture in the office of the Wisconsin Marine 
 and Fire Insurance (Company's Bank, was also set on iire, and it was plain that if the mob was 
 not immediately checked, the city would be given up to conflagration and pillage — the worst 
 elements, as is always the case with mobs, having assumed the leadership. Just at that juncture, 
 the Milwaukee zouaves, a small military company, appeared on the scene, and with the help of 
 the firemen who had been called out, the mob was put to flight, and the incipient fire was extin- 
 guished. 
 
 The damage so far done was not great in amount, and the danger for the moment was over; 
 but the situation was still grave, as the city was full of threats, disturbance and apprehension. 
 By the prompt action of the authorities, a number of companies of volunteers were brought from 
 different places in the state, order was preserved, and, after muttering for three or four days, the 
 storm died away. The effect of that disturbance and alarm was, however, to bring home to the 
 bankers and business men the conviction that effectual measures must be taken to settle our 
 state currency matters on a sound and permanent basis, and that the issues of all banks that 
 could not be put in shape to meet specie payment in December, must be retired from circulation 
 and be got out of the way. A meeting of the bankers was held ; also of the merchants' association 
 of Milwaukee, and arrangements were made to raise $100,000, by these two bodies, to be used in 
 assisting weak and crippled banks in securing or retiring their circulation. The bankers 
 appointed a committee to take the matter in charge. 
 
 It happened that just at this time Governor Randall and State Treasurer Hastings returned 
 from New York City, where they had been making unsuccessful efforts to dispose of $800,000 of 
 Wisconsin war bonds, which had been issued to raise funds to fit out Wisconsin volunteers. 
 
 Our state had never had any bonds on the eastern market. For other reasons, our 
 credit was not high in New York, and it had been found impossible to dispose of these bonds for 
 over sixty cents on the dollar. The state ofificers conferred with the bankers to see what could 
 be done at home ; and it was finally arranged that the bankers' committee should undertake to 
 get the state banks to dispose of their southern and other depreciated state bonds on deposit to 
 
196 HISTORY OF WISCOKSIN. 
 
 secure circulation, for what they would bring in coin, in New York, and replace these bonds with 
 those of our own state, .which were to be taken by our banks nominally at par — seventy percent, 
 being paid in cash, and the different banks purchasing bonds, giving their individual obligation 
 for the thirty per cent, balance, to be paid in semi-annual installments, with an agreement that the 
 state should deduct these installments from the interest so long as these bonds should remain on 
 deposit with the state. By the terms of the law, sixty per cent, of tlie proceeds of the bonds had to 
 be paid in coin. The bankers' committee went to work, and with some labor and difficulty 
 induced most of the banks to sell their southern securities at the existing low prices in New 
 York, and thus produce the coin required to pay for our state bonds. From the funds provided 
 by the merchants and bankers, they assisted many of the weaker banks to make good their 
 securities with the banking department of the state. By the 19th of July, six of the ten rejected 
 banks that had been the occasion of the riot, were made good, and restored to the list. The 
 other four were wound up, and their issues redeemed at par, and, before the last of August, the 
 value of the securities of all the banks on the current list were brought up to their circulation, 
 as shown by the comptroller's report. 
 
 Wisconsin currency at the time of the bank riot was at a discount of about 15 per cent., as 
 compared with gold or New York exchange. At the middle of July the discount was 10 to 12 
 per cent., and early in August it fell to 5 per cent. The bankers' committee continued their 
 work in preparation for the resumption of specie payment on December i. While the securities 
 for the bank circulation had been made good, it was, nevertheless, evident that many of the 
 banks on the current list would not be equal to the continued redemption of their bills in specie, 
 and that they would have to be wound up and got out of the way in season. Authority was got 
 from such institutions, as fast as possible, for the bankers' committee to retire their circulation 
 and sell their securities. The Milwaukee banks and bankers took upon themselves the great 
 burden of this business, having arranged among themselves to sort out and withhold from cir- 
 culation the bills of these banks, — distributing the load among themselves in certain defined 
 proportions. Instead of paying out these doubted bills, the different banks brought to the bank- 
 ers' committee such amounts as they accumulated from time to time, and received from the 
 committee certificates of deposit bearing seven per cent, interest, and these bills were locked up 
 by the committee until the securities for these notes could be sold and the proceeds realized. 
 Over $400,000 of this sort of paper was locked up by the committee at one time ; but it was all 
 converted into cash, and, when the first of December came, the remaining banks of this state 
 were ready to redeem their issues in gold or its equivalent, and so continued to redeem until the 
 issue of the legal-tender notes and the general suspension of specie payment in the United 
 States. 
 
 In July, 1S61, the number of our banks was 107, with capital, $4,607,000; circulation, 
 $21317.907 ; deposits, $3,265,069. 
 
 By the contraction incident to the preparations for redem.ption in specie, the amount of cur- 
 rent Wisconsin bank notes outstanding December 1, 1S61, was reduced to about $1,500,000. 
 When that day came, there was quite a disposition manifested to convert Wisconsin currency 
 into coin, and a sharp financial pinch was felt for a few days ; but as the public became satisfied 
 that the banks were prepared to meet the demand, the call for redemption rapidly fell off, and 
 the banks soon began to expand their circulation, which was now current and in good demand 
 all through the northwestern states. The amount saved to all the interests of our state, by this 
 successful effort to save our banking system from destruction, is beyond computation. From 
 this time our banks ran along quietly until prohibitory taxation by act of congress drove the bills 
 of state banks out of circulation. 
 
BANKING IN WISCONSIN. 197 
 
 The national banking law was passed in 1863, and a few banks were soon organized under 
 it in different parts of the country. The first in Wisconsin was formed by the re-organization of 
 the Farmers' and Millers' Bank, in August, 1863', as the First National Bank of Milwaukee, 
 with Edward D. Holton as president, and H. H. Camp, cashier. The growth of the new system, 
 however, was not very rapid; the state banks were slow to avail themselves of the privileges of 
 the national banking act, and the central authorities concluded to compel them to come in ; so 
 facilities were offered for their re-organization as national banks, and then a tax of ten per cent, 
 was laid upon the issues of the state banks. This tax was imposed by act of March, 1865, and 
 at once caused a commotion in our state. In July, 1864, the number of Wisconsin state banks 
 was si.xty-si-K, with capital §3,147,000, circulation $2,461,728, deposits §5,483,205, and these 
 figures were probably not very different in the spring of 1S65. The securities for the circulating 
 notes were in great part the bonds of our own state, which, while known by our own people to 
 be good beyond question, had never been on the general markets of the country so as to be cur- 
 rently known there ; and it was feared that in the hurried retirement of our circulation these 
 bonds would be sacrificed, the currency depreciated, and great loss brought upon our banks and 
 people. There was some excitement, and a general call for the redemption of our state circula- 
 tion, but the banks mostly met the run well, and our people were disposed to stand by our own 
 state bonds. 
 
 In April, 1861, the legislature passed laws, calling in the mortgage loans of the school fund, 
 and directing its investment in these securities. The state treasurer was required to receive 
 Wisconsin bank notes, not only for taxes and debts due the state, but also on deposit, and to 
 issue certificates for such deposits bearing seven per cent, interest. By these and like means 
 the threatened panic was stopped; and in the course of a few months Wisconsin state currency 
 was nearly all withdrawn from circulation. In July, 1865, the number of state banks was 
 twenty-six, with capital $1,087,000, circulation $192,323, deposits $2,284,210. Under the 
 pressure put on by congress, the organization of national banks, and especially the re-organiza- 
 tion of state banks, under the national system, was proceeding rapidly, and in a short time nearly 
 every town in our own state of much size or importance was provided « ith one or more of these 
 institutions. 
 
 In the great panic of 1873, all the Wisconsin banks, both state and national (in common 
 with those of the whole country), were severely tried; but the failures were few and unimpor- 
 tant; and Wisconsin went through that ordeal with less loss and disturbance than almost any 
 other state. 
 
 We have seen that the history of banking in Wisconsin covers a stormy period, in which 
 great disturbances and panics have occurred at intervals of a few years. It is to be hoped that 
 a more peaceful epoch will succeed, but permanent quiet and prosperity can not rationally be 
 expected in the present unsettled condition of our currency, nor until we have gone through the 
 temporar) stringency incidental to the resumption of specie payment. 
 
 According to the last report of the comptroller of the currency, the number of national 
 banks in Wisconsin in November, 1876, was forty, with capital $3,400,000, deposits $7,^45,360, 
 circulation $2,072,869. 
 
 At this time (July, 1877) the number of state banks is twenty-six, with capital $1,288,231, 
 deposits $6,662,973. Their circulation is, of course, merely nominal, though there is no legal 
 obstacle to their issuing circulating notes, except the tax imposed by congress. 
 
COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES. 
 
 By Hon. H. H. GILES. 
 
 The material philosophy of a people has to do with the practical and useful. It sees in 
 iron, coal, cotton, wool, grain and the trees of the forest, the elements of personal comfort and 
 sources of material greatness, and is applied to their development, production and fabrication for 
 purposes of exchange, interchange and sale. The early immigrants to Wisconsin territory found 
 a land teeming with unsurpassed natural advantages; prairies, timber, water and minerals, invit- 
 ing the farmer, miner and lumberman, to come and build houses, furnaces, mills and factories. 
 The first settlers were a food-producing people. The prairies and openings were ready for the 
 plow. The ease with which farms were brought under cultivation, readily enabled the pioneer 
 to supply the food necessary for himself and family, while a surplus was often produced in a few 
 months. The hardships so often encountered in the settlement of a new country, where forests 
 must be felled and stumps removed to prepare the soil for tillage, were scarcely known, or greatly 
 mitigated. 
 
 During the decade from 1835 to 1845, so great were the demands for the products of the 
 soil, created by the tide of emigration, that the settlers found a home market for all their surplus 
 products, and so easily were crops grown that, within a very brief time after the first emigration, 
 but little was required from abroad. The commerce of the country was carried on by the 
 exchange of products. The settlers (they could scarcely be called farmers) would exchange 
 their wheat, corn, oats and pork for the goods, wares and fabrics of the village merchant. It 
 was an age of barter; but they looked at the capabilities of the land they had come to possess, 
 and, with firm faith, saw bright promises of better days in the building up of a great state. 
 
 It is not designed to trace with minuteness the history of Wisconsin through the growth of 
 its commercial and manufacturing interests. To do it justice would require a volume. The 
 aim of this article will be to present a concise view of its present status. Allusion will only be 
 incidentally made to stages of growth and progress by which it has been reached. 
 
 Few states in the Union possess within their borders so many, and in such abundance, 
 elements that contribute to the material prosperity of a people. Its soil of unsurpassed 
 fertility; its inexhaustible mines of lead, copper, zinc and iron; its almost boundless forests ; 
 its water-powers, sufficient to drive the machinery of the world ; its long lines of lake shore on 
 two sides, and the " Father of waters " on another, — need but enterprise, energy and capital to 
 utilize them in building an empire of wealth, where the hum of variedjndustries shall be heard 
 in the music of the sickle, the loom and the anvil. 
 
 The growth of manufacturing industries was slow during the first twenty-five years of our 
 history. The early settlers were poor. Frequently the land they tilled was pledged to obtain 
 means to pay for it. Capitalists obtained from twenty to thirty per cent, per annum for the use 
 of their money. Indeed, it was the rule, under the free-trade ideas of the money-lenders for 
 them to play the Shy lock. While investments in bonds and mortgages were so profitable, few 
 were ready to improve the natural advantages the country presented for building factories and 
 work-shops. 
 
COMMERCE AXB MAiq^UFACTURES. 199 
 
 For many years, quite all the implements used in farming were brought from outside the 
 state. While this is the case at present to some extent with the more cumbersome farm 
 machinery, quite a proportion of that and most of the simpler and lighter implements are made 
 at home, while much farm machinery is now manufactured for export to other states. 
 
 Furs. 
 
 The northwest was visited and explored by French voyageurs and missionaries from Canada 
 at an early day. The object of the former was trading and gain. The Jesuits, ever zealous in 
 the propagation of their religion, went forth into the unknown wilderness to convert the natives 
 to their faith. As early as 1624, they were operating about Lake Huron and Mackinaw. Father 
 Menird it is related, was with the Indians on Lake Superior as early as 1661. The early 
 explorers were of two classes, and were stimulated by two widely different motives — the voyag- 
 eurs, by the love of gain, and the missionaries, by their zeal in the propagation of their faith. 
 Previous to 1679, a considerable trade in furs had sprung up with Indian tribes in the vicinity of 
 Mackinaw and the northern part of " Ouisconsin." In that year more than two hundred canoes, 
 laden with furs, passed Mackinaw, bound for Montreal. The whole commerce of this vast region 
 then traversed, was carried on with birch-bark canoes. The French used them in traversing 
 wilds — otherwise inaccessible by reason of floods of water at one season, and ice and snow at 
 another — also lakes and morasses which interrupted land journeys, and rapids and cataracts 
 that cut off communication by water. This little vessel enabled them to overcome all difficulties. 
 Being buoyant, it rode the waves, although heavily freighted, and, of light draft, it permitted the 
 traversing of small streams. Its weight was so light that it could be easily carried from one 
 stream to another, and around rapids and other obstructions. With this little vessel, the fur 
 trade of the northwest was carried on, as well as the interior of a vast continent explored. 
 Under the stimulus of commercial enterprise, the French traders penetrated the recesses ot the 
 immense forests whose streams were the home of the beaver, the otter and the mink, and in 
 whose depths were found the martin, sable, ermine, and other fur-bearing animals. A vast trade 
 in furs sprung up, and was carried on by different agents, under authority of the French 
 government. 
 
 When the military possession of the northwestern domain passed from the government of 
 France to that of Great Britain in 1760, the relationship of the fur trade to the government 
 changed. The government of France had controlled the traffic, and made it a means of strength- 
 ening its hold upon the country it possessed. The policy of Great Britain was, to charter 
 companies, and grant them exclusive privileges. The Hudson bay company had grown rich and 
 powerful between 1670 and 1760. Its success had excited the cupidity of capitalists, and rival 
 organizations were formed. The business of the company had been done at their trading-stations 
 — the natives bringing in their furs for exchange and barter. Other companies sent their 
 voyageurs into every nook and corner to traffic with the trappers, and even to catch the fur-bear- 
 ing animals themselves. In the progress of time, private parties engaged in trapping and dealing 
 in furs, and, under the competition created, the business became less profitable. In 1815. 
 congress passed an act prohibiting foreigners from dealing in furs in the United States, or any 
 of its territories. This action was obtained through the influence of John Jacob Astor. Mr. 
 Astor organized the American fur company in 1809, and afterward, in connection with the North- 
 west company, bought out the Mackinaw company, and the two were merged in the Southwest 
 company. The association was suspended by the war of 1812. The American re-entered the 
 field in 1816. The fur trade is still an important branch of traffic in the northern part of the 
 state, and, during eight months of the year, employs a large number of men. 
 
200 
 
 HISTOIIY OP WISCONSIN. 
 
 Lead and Zinc. 
 
 In 1834, the lead ore in the southwestern part of Wisconsin began to attract attention. 
 From 1826 to 1830, there was a great rush of miners to this region, somewhat like the Pike's 
 Peak excitement at a later date. The lead-producing region of Wisconsin covers an area of 
 about 2,200 square miles, and embraces parts of Grant, Iowa and La Fayette counties. Between 
 1829 and 1839, the production of lead increased from 5,000 to 10,000 tons. After the latter 
 year it rose rapidly, and attained its maximum in 1845, when it reached nearly 25,000 tons. 
 Since that time the production has decreased, although still carried on to a considerable extent. 
 
 The sulphate and carbonate of zinc abound in great quantities with the lead of southwest 
 Wisconsin. Owing to the difficulty of working this class of ores, it was formerly allowed to 
 accumulate about the mouths of the mines. Within a /ew years past, metallurgic processes 
 have been so greatly improved, that the zinc ores have been largely utilized. At La Salle, in the 
 state of Illinois, there are three establishments for smelting zinc ores. There is also one at Peru, 
 111. To smelt zinc ores economically, they are taken where cheap fuel is available. Hence, the 
 location of these works in the vicinity of coal mines. The works mentioned made in 1S75, 
 from ores mostly taken from Wisconsin, 7,510 tons of zinc. These metals are, therefore, impor- 
 tant elements in the commerce of W'isconsin. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 The iron ores of Wisconsin occur in immense beds in several localities, and are destined to 
 prove of great value. From their product in 1S63, there were 3,735 tons of pig iron received at 
 Milwaukee; in 1S65, 4,785 tons; in 186S, 10,890 tons. Of the latter amount, 4,648 tons were 
 from the iron mines at Mayville. There were shipped from Milwaukee, in 1868, 6,361 tons of 
 pig iron. There were also received 2,500 tons of ore from the Dodge county ore beds. During 
 1869, the ore beds at Iron Ridge were developed to a considerable extent, and two large blast 
 furnaces constructed in Milwaukee, at which place there were 4,695 tons of ore received, and 
 2,059 tons were shipped to Chicago and Wyandotte. In 1870, 112,060 tons of iron ore were 
 received at Milwaukee, 95,000 tons of which were from Iron Ridge, and 17,060 tons from Esca- 
 naba and Marquette, in Michigan. The total product of the mines at Iron Ridge in 1871 was 
 82,284 tons. The Milwaukee iron company received by lake, in the same year, 28,094 tons of 
 Marquette iron ore to mix with the former in making railroad iron. In 1872, there were receivea 
 from Iron Ridge 85,245 tons of ore, and 5,620 tons of pig iron. Much of the metal made by the 
 Wisconsin iron company in 1872 was shipped to St. I,ouis, to mix with the iron made from 
 Missouri ore. 
 
 The following table shows the production of pig iron in Wisconsin, for 1872, 1873 and 1874, 
 in tons : 
 
 Furnaces. 
 
 1872. 
 
 1873. 
 
 1874. 
 
 Milwaukee Irota Company, Milwaukee 
 
 Minerva Furnace Company, Milwaukee 
 
 Wisconsin lion Company, Iron Ridge 
 
 21,818 
 
 3.350 
 5.033 
 4,8SS 
 6,910 
 3,420 
 5,600 
 1,780 
 
 29,326 
 5,822 
 4,155 
 4,137 
 8,044 
 6,141 
 
 7,999 
 6,832 
 1,528 
 
 33,000 
 
 3,306 
 3,000 
 6,500 
 6,000 
 6,500 
 7,000 
 
 Northwestern Iron Company, Mayville 
 
 Appleton Iron Company, Applefon 
 
 Green Bay Iron Company, Green Bay 
 
 National Iron Company, Depere ._ 
 
 Ironton Furnace, Sauk county , 
 
 1,300 
 
 
 52,797 
 
 73,980 
 
 66,600 
 
COMMERCE AXD MANUFACTURES. 201 
 
 The Milwaukee iron company, during the year 1872, entered into the manufacture of mer- 
 chant iron — it having been demonstrated that the raw material could be reduced there cheaper 
 than elsewhere. The Minerva furnace company built also during the same year one of the 
 most compact and complete iron furnaces to be found any where in the country. During the 
 year 1873, the iron, with most other material interests, became seriously prostrated, so that the 
 total receipts of ore in Milwaukee in 1874 amounted to only 31,993 tons, against 69,418 in 1873, 
 and 85,245 tons in 1872. There were made in Milwaukee in 1874, 29,680 tons of railroad iron. 
 In 1875, 58,868 tons of ore were received at Milwaukee, showing a revival of the trade in an 
 increase of 19,786 tons over the previous year. The operation of the works at Bay View having 
 suspended, the receipts of ore in 1876, at Milwaukee, were less than during any year since 1869, 
 being only 31,119 tons, of which amount only 5,488 tons were from Iron Ridge, and the total 
 shipments were only 498 tons. 
 
 Lumber. 
 
 The business of lumbering holds an important rank in the commerce of the state. For 
 many years the ceaseless hum of the saw and the stroke of the ax have been heard in all our 
 great forests. The northern portion of the state is characterized by evergreen trees, principally 
 pine ; the southern, by hard-woods. There are exceptional localities, but this is a correct state- 
 ment of the general distribution. I think that, geologically speaking, the evergreens belong to 
 the primitive and sandstone regions, and the hard wood to the limestone and clay formations. 
 Northern Wisconsin, so called, embraces that portion of the state north of forty-five degrees, 
 and possesses nearly all the valuable pine forests. The most thoroughly developed portion of 
 this region is that lying along the streams entering into Green bay and Lake Michigan, and border- 
 ing on the Wisconsin river and other streams entering into the Mississippi. Most of the pine in 
 the immediate vicinity of these streams has been cut off well toward their sources ; still, there 
 are vast tracts covered with dense forests, not accessible from streams suitable for log-driving 
 purposes. The building of railroads into these forests will alone give a market value to a large 
 portion of the pine timber there growing. It is well, perhaps, that this is so, for at the present 
 rate of consumption, but a few years will elapse before these noble forests will be totally destroyed. 
 Most of the lumber manufactured on the rivers was formerly taken to a market by being floated 
 down the streams in rafts. Now, the railroads are transporting large quantities, taking it directly 
 from the mills and unloading it at interior points in Iowa, Illinois and Wisconsin, and some of it 
 in eastern cities. From five to eight thousand men are employed in the pineries in felling the 
 trees, sawing them into logs of suitable length, and hauling them to the mills and streams during 
 every winter in times of fair prices and favorable seasons. The amount of lumber sawed in 
 i860, as carefully estimated, was 355,055,155 feet. The amount of shingles made was 2,272,061, 
 and no account was made of the immense number of logs floated out of the state, for manufac- 
 ture into lumber elsewhere. The amount of logs cut in the winter of 1873 and 1S74 was 
 987,000,000 feet. In 1876 and 1877 the Black river furnished 188,344,464 feet. The Chippewa, 
 90,000,000; the Red Cedar, 57,000,000. There passed through Beef Slough 129,384,000 feet of 
 logs. Hon. A. H. Eaton, for fourteen years receiver of the United States land office at Stevens 
 Point, estimated the acreage of pine lands in his district at 2,000,000, and, taking his own district 
 as the basis, he estimated the whole state at 8,000,000 acres. Reckoning this at 5,000 feet to the 
 acre, the aggregate pine timber of the state would be 40,000,000,000 feet. The log product 
 annually amounts to an immense sum. In 1876, 1,172,611,823 feet were cut. This is about the 
 average annual draft that is made on the pine lands. There seems to be no remedy for the 
 
202 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 wholesale destruction of our pine forests, except the one alluded to, the difficulty of transporta- 
 tion, and this will probably save a portion of them for a long time in the future. At the rate of 
 consumption for twenty years past, we can estimate that fifty years would see northern Wiscon- 
 sin denuded of its pine forests; but our lumber product has reached its maximum, and will 
 probably decrease in the coming years as the distance to be hauled to navigable streams 
 increases. In the mean time lumber, shingles and lath will form an important factor in our 
 commerce, both state and inter-state, and will contribute millions to the wealth of our citizens. 
 
 Grain. 
 
 Up to 1841, no grain was exported from Wisconsin to be used as food; but, from the time 
 of Its first settlement in 1S36 to 1840, the supply of bread stuff's from abroad, upon which the 
 people depended, was gradually diminished by the substitution of home products. In the winter 
 of 1840 and 1841, E. D. Holton, of Milwaukee, purchased a small cargo of wheat (about 4,000 
 bushels), and in the spring of 1841, shipped it to Buffalo. This was the beginning of a traffic 
 that has grown to immense proportions, and, since that time, wheat has formed the basis of the 
 commerce and prosperity of the state, until the city of Milwaukee has become the greatest 
 primary wheat mart of the world. 
 
 The following table gives the exports of flour and grain from Milwaukee for thirty-two years, 
 commencing in 1845 : 
 
 FLOUR, 
 
 bbls. 
 
 WHEAT, 
 
 bus. 
 
 CORN, 
 
 bus. 
 
 OATS, 
 
 bus. 
 
 BARLEY, 
 bus. 
 
 RYE, 
 bus. 
 
 1845 
 
 1846 
 1847 
 1848 
 1849 
 1850 
 I85I 
 
 1852 
 1853 
 1854 
 1855 
 1856 
 1857 
 1858 
 
 1859 
 i860 
 I86I 
 1862 
 1863 
 1864 
 1865 
 1866 
 1867 
 1868 
 
 l86g 
 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 
 7.550 
 
 15.756 
 
 3-1.840 
 
 92,732 
 
 136,657 
 
 100,017 
 
 51.889 
 
 92,995 
 
 104,055 
 
 145.032 
 
 181,568 
 
 188,455 
 
 228.442 
 
 298,668 
 
 282,956 
 
 457.343 
 
 674.474 
 
 711.405 
 
 603,525 
 
 414.833 
 
 567.576 
 
 720.365 
 
 921,663 
 
 1,017,598 
 
 1,220,058 
 
 1,225,941 
 
 1,211,427 
 
 1,232,036 
 
 1,805,200 
 
 2,217,579 
 
 2.163,346 
 
 2,654,028 
 
 95.510 
 
 213,448 
 
 598,411 
 
 602,474 
 
 1,136,023 
 
 297.570 
 
 317.285 
 
 564,404 
 
 956,703 
 
 1,809,452 
 
 2,641,746 
 
 2,761.976 
 
 2,581,311 
 
 3.994,213 
 
 4.732.957 
 
 7,568,608 
 
 13,300,495 
 
 14,915,680 
 
 12,837,620 
 
 8,992,479 
 10,479,777 
 11,634.749 
 9.59S.452 
 9.867,029 
 14,272,799 
 16.127.838 
 13,409.467 
 11,570,565 
 24.994.266 
 22,255,380 
 22,681,020 
 16,804,394 
 
 2,500 
 
 5.000 
 
 13,828 
 
 2,220 
 
 270 
 
 164,908 
 
 112,132 
 
 218 
 
 472 
 
 43.958 
 
 41.364 
 
 37.204 
 
 1.485 
 
 9.489 
 
 88,989 
 
 140,786 
 
 7 1 , 203 
 
 480,408 
 
 266,249 
 
 342.717 
 93,806 
 
 103.173 
 419.133 
 1.557.953 
 197.920 
 556.563 
 226,895 
 96,908 
 
 4,000 
 
 2,100 
 
 7.892 
 
 363,841 
 
 131. 716 
 
 404,999 
 
 13.833 
 
 5.433 
 
 2.775 
 
 562,067 
 
 299,002 
 
 64,682 
 
 1,200 
 
 79,094 
 
 831,600 
 
 811,634 
 
 326.472 
 
 1.636.595 
 622,469 
 
 536.539 
 
 351.768 
 
 210,187 
 
 772,929 
 
 1.323.234 
 
 990.525 
 
 726,035 
 
 1,160,450 
 
 1.377.560 
 
 15,000 
 
 15,270 
 
 103,840 
 
 322,261 
 
 291,890 
 
 339.338 
 
 63.379 
 
 10,398 
 
 800 
 
 63,178 
 
 53.216 
 
 28,056 
 
 5,220 
 
 44,800 
 
 133.449 
 
 23.479 
 
 29,597 
 
 18.988 
 
 30,822 
 
 95.036 
 
 120,662 
 
 469.325 
 
 576.453 
 
 931.725 
 
 6SS.455 
 
 464.837 
 
 867,970 
 
 1.235-481 
 
 54.692 
 80,365 
 
 113.443 
 20,030 
 
 5.378 
 
 11.577 
 
 9.735 
 
 29,810 
 
 126,301 
 
 84,047 
 
 18,210 
 
 51.444 
 
 255.329 
 
 106,795 
 
 91.443 
 
 78.035 
 
 62,494 
 208,896 
 209,751 
 255.928 
 
 79.879 
 
 98,923 
 
 220,964 
 
COMMERCE A?^D MANUFACTURES. 
 
 20S 
 
 Up to 1856, the shipments were almost wholly of Wisconsin products ; but with the comple- 
 tion of lines of railroad from Milwaukee to the Mississippi river, the commerce of Wisconsin 
 became so interwoven with that of Iowa and Minnesota, that the data furnished by the transpor- 
 tation companies, give us no definite figures relating to the products of our own state. 
 
 Dairy Products. 
 
 Wisconsin is becoming largely interested in the dairy business. Its numerous springs, 
 streams, and natural adaptability to grass, make it a fine grazing country, and stock thrives 
 remarkably well. Within a few years, cheese-factories have become numerous, and their owners 
 are meeting with excellent success. Wisconsin cheese is bringing the highest price in the markets, 
 and much of it is shipped to England. Butter is also made of a superior quality, and is exten- 
 sively exported. At the rate of progress made during the last few years, Wisconsin will soon 
 take rank with the leading cheese and butter producing states. The counties most largely inter- 
 ested in dairying, are Kenosha, Walworth, Racine, Rock, Green, Waukesha, Winnebago, Sheboy- 
 gan, Jefferson and Dodge. According to estimates by experienced dairymen, the manufacture 
 of butter was 22,473,000 pounds in 1870; 50,130,000 in 1876; of cheese, 1,591,000 pounds in 
 1870, as against 17,000,000 in 1S76, which will convey a fair idea of the increase of dairy produc- 
 tion. The receipts of cheese in Chicago during 1876, were 23,7 80,000 pounds, against 12,000,000 
 in 1875 ; and the receipts of butter were 35,384,184, against 30,248,247 pounds in 1875. ^^ ^^ esti- 
 mated that fully one-half of these receipts were from Wisconsin. The receipts of butter in 
 Milwaukee were, in 1870, 3,779,114 pounds; in 1875, 6,625,863; in 1876,8,938,137 pounds; ot 
 cheese, 5,721,279 pounds in 1875, and 7,055,573 in 1876. Cheese is not mentioned in the trade 
 and commerce reports of Milwaukee until 1873, when it is spoken of as a new and rapidly 
 increasing commodity in the productions of the state. 
 
 Pork and Beef. 
 
 Improved breeds, both of swine and cattle, have been introduced into the state during a 
 few years past. The grade of stock has been rapidly bettered, and stock raisers generally are 
 striving with commendable zeal to rival each other in raising the finest of animals for use and 
 the market. 
 
 The following table shows the receipts of live hogs and beef cattle at Milwaukee for thir- 
 teen years : 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 LIVE HOGS. 
 
 BEEF CATTLE. 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 LIVE HOGS. 
 
 BEEF CATTLE. 
 
 1S76 
 
 1875 
 
 1874 
 
 1873 
 
 1872 
 
 I87I 
 
 1870 
 
 254,317 
 144.961 
 242,326 
 241,099 
 138,106 
 126,164 
 66,138 
 
 36,802 
 46,717 
 22,748 
 17,262 
 14,172 
 9,220 
 12,972 
 
 1869. 
 
 1868 
 
 1867 
 
 1866 
 
 1865 
 
 1864. 
 
 1863 
 
 52.296 
 48.717 
 76,758 
 31,881 
 7,546 
 42,250 
 56,826 
 
 12,521 
 13,200 
 15,527 
 12,955 
 14.230 
 18.345 
 14.655 
 
204 HISTORY OF WISCOXSIN. 
 
 The following table shows the movement of hog products and beef from Milwaukee since 
 1862- 
 
 Shipments by Rail 
 
 rORK, HAMS, MIDDLES AND SHOULDERS. 
 
 LARD. 
 
 BEEF. 
 
 and Lake. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Tierces. 
 
 15.439 
 15,292 
 
 17.124 
 
 24.954 
 
 20,115 
 
 20,192 
 
 15.S19 
 
 9,546 
 
 13,146 
 
 11,614 
 
 7.305 
 
 2,713 
 
 5.927 
 
 15. 811 
 
 12,685 
 
 Boxes. 
 
 Bulk, lbs. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Tierces. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Tierces. 
 
 Totals 1876.- 
 
 62,461 
 
 56.7-8 
 53.702 
 So.oio 
 90,038 
 88,940 
 
 77.655 
 69,805 
 73,526 
 88,888 
 74.726 
 34.013 
 67,933 
 90.387 
 56.432 
 
 42,678 
 28,374 
 39.572 
 62,211 
 89,209 
 14.938 
 5,875 
 5,298 
 
 3,239 
 4.522 
 
 34.164 
 5,000 
 
 11,634 
 
 5,123,818 
 2,736.778 
 1,494,112 
 1,915,610 
 4.557.950 
 5,161,941 
 4,717,630 
 2,325,150 
 1,768,190 
 454,786 
 863,746 
 
 3,301 
 601 
 9,110 
 4,065 
 6,276 
 3,932 
 2.535 
 1,180 
 
 3.637 
 2,523 
 3^287 
 1,929 
 5.677 
 10,987 
 13.538 
 
 
 1 -20-3 
 
 3.439 
 421 
 
 707 
 
 462 
 
 1,500 
 
 I 606 
 
 *' 1875 
 
 18 950 i A Ti i 
 
 " 1S74 
 
 18,509 
 24,399 
 27,765 
 19,746 
 10,950 
 8,568 
 
 5,055 
 8,820 
 6,292 
 2,487 
 7,207 
 10,546 
 6.761 
 
 5.015 
 
 5.365 
 
 4.757 
 
 3,892 
 
 4,427 
 
 7,538 
 
 10,150 
 
 18,984 
 
 11.852 
 
 10,427 
 
 36 866 
 
 42,987 
 
 33.174 
 
 1S73 - 
 
 " 1872 
 
 " 1871 
 
 1870 
 
 925 
 2,185 
 2,221 
 6,804 
 
 4,584 
 5,528 
 
 5,871 
 6,377 
 3.217 
 
 " i86q 
 
 " 1S6S 
 
 " 1S67 
 
 " 1S66 
 
 " 1S65 
 
 " 1S64. 
 
 " 1861 
 
 " 1862 
 
 Hops. 
 
 The culture of hops, as an article af commerce, received but little attention prior to i860. 
 In 1S65, 2,864 bales only were shipped from Milwaukee. In addition, a large amount was used 
 by the brewers througnout the state. In 1866, the amount exjorted was increased, and 5,774 
 bales were shipped to eastern markets. The price, from forty-five to fifty-five cents per pound, 
 stimulated production, and the article became one of the staple products of the counties of Sauk, 
 Columbia, Adams and Juneau, besides being largely cultivated in parts of some other counties. 
 In 1S67, 26,562 bales were received at Milwaukee, and the prices ranged from fifty to seventy cents 
 per pound. The estimated crop of the state for 1867 was 35,000 bales, and brought over 
 $4,200,000. In 186S, not less than 60,000 bales were grown in the state. The crop everywhere 
 was a large one, and in Wisconsin so very large that an over-supply was anticipated. But few, 
 however, were prepared for the decline in prices, that far exceeded the worst apprehensions of 
 those interested. The first sales were made at twenty-five to thirty-five cents per pound, and the 
 prices were reluctantly accepted by the growers. The price continued to decline until the article 
 was unsalable and unavailable in the market. Probably the average price did not exceed ten 
 cents per pound. Notwithstanding the severe check which hop-growing received in 186S, by the 
 unprofitable result, growers were not discouraged, and the crop of 1869 was a large one. So 
 much of the crop of 1868 remained in the hands of the growers, that it is impossible to estimate 
 that of 1869. The new crop sold for from ten to fifteen cents, and the old for from three to five cents 
 per pound. Hop-cultivation received a check from over-production in 1868, from which it did not 
 soon recover. A large proportion of the yards were plowed under in 1870. The crop of 1869 
 was much of it marketed during 1870, at a price of about two and one-half to three and one- 
 half cents per pound, while that of 1870 brought ten to twelve and a half cents. During 
 the year 187 1, a great advance in the price, caused by the partial failure of the crop 
 in some of the eastern states, and the decrease in price causing a decrease in production, 
 what was left over of the crop of 1870 more than doubled in value before the new reached the 
 market. The latter opened at thirty cents, and steadily rose to fifty and fifty-five for prime 
 
COMMERCE-: AND MANtTPACTURES. 
 
 20£ 
 
 qualities. The crop of 1872 was of good quality, and the market opened at forty to fifly-five 
 cents as the selling price, and fell fifteen to twenty cents before the close of the year, A much 
 larger 'quantity was raised than the year previous. In 1873 and 1874, the crop was fair and 
 prices ruled from thirty-three to forty-five cents, with increased production. About 18,000 bales 
 were reported as being shipped from the different railway stations of the state. Prices were 
 extremely irregular during 1875, and, after the new crop reached market, fell to a point that 
 would not pay the cost of production. In 1876, prices ruled low at the opening of the year, and 
 advanced from five to ten cents in January to twenty-eight to thirty in November. Over 17,000 
 bales were received at Milwaukee, over 10,000 bales being of the crop of the previous year. 
 Over 13,000 bales were shipped out of the state. 
 
 Tobacco. 
 Tobacco raising is comparatively a new industry in Wisconsin, but is rapidly growing in 
 importance and magnitude. It sells readily for from four to ten cents per pound, and the plant 
 is easily raised. It is not regarded as of superior quality. It first appears as a commodity of 
 transportation in the railway reports for the year 1 871, when the Prairie du Chien division 
 of the St. Paul road moved eastward 1,373,650 pounds. During the four years ending with 
 
 1876, there were shipped from Milwaukee an average of 5,118,530 pounds annually, the ; axi- 
 mum being in 1874, 6,982,175 pounds; the minimum in 1875, 2,743,854 pounds. The crop of 
 1S76 escaped the early frosts, and netted the producer from five to seven cents per pound. The 
 greater part of it was shipped to Baltimore and Philadelphia. Comparatively little of the leaf 
 rai ied in the state is used here or by western manufacturers. The crop of the present year, 
 
 1877, is a large one, and has been secured in good order. Itis being contracted for at from four to 
 six cents per pound. 
 
 Cr.anberries. 
 
 The cranberry trade is yet in its infancy. But little, comparatively, has been done in devel- 
 oping the capabilities of the e.xtensive bodies of marsh and swamp lands interspersed throughout 
 the northern part of the state. Increased attention is being paid to the culture of the fruit; yet, 
 the demand will probably keep ahead of the supply for many years to come. In 185 1, less than 
 1,500 barrels were sent out of the state. In 1872, the year of greatest production, over 37,000 
 barrels were exported, and, in 1876, about 17,000 barrels. The price has varied in different 
 years, and taken a range from eight to fifteen dollars a barrel. 
 
 Spirituous and Malt Liquors. 
 
 The production of liquors, both spirituous and malt, has kept pace with the growth of 
 population and with the other industries of the state. There were in Wisconsin, in 1872, two 
 hundred and ninety-two breweries and ten distilleries. In 1876, there were two hundred and 
 ninety-three of the former and ten of the latter, and most of them were kept running to their 
 full capacity. Milwaukee alone produced, in 1876, 321,611 barrels of lager beei and 43,175 
 barrels of high wines. In 1865, it furnished 65,666 barrels of beer, and in 1S70, 108,845 barrels. 
 In 1865, it furnished 3,046 barrels of high wines; in 1S70, 22,867 barrels; and in 1875, 39,005. 
 A large quantity of the beer made was shipped to eastern and southern cities. The beer made 
 in 1876 sold at the rate of ten dollars per barrel, the wholesale price of the brewers bringing the 
 sum of $3,216,110. The fame of Milwaukee lager beer is widely extended. This city has 
 furnished since 1870, 1,520,308 barrels which, at the wholesale price, brought '$15,203,170. The 
 total production of beer by all the two hundred and ninety-three breweries of the state for 1876, 
 was 450,508 barrels. 
 
206 HISTOKY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 In 1876, Milwaukee produced 43,175 barrels of high wines, or distilled spirits, and the 
 state of Wisconsin 51,959 barrels. In 1870, the former produced 108,845 barrels of beer and 
 22,867 barrels of distilled spirits, and in the same year the state of Wisconsin produced 189,664 
 barrels of beer and 36,145 barrels of distilled spirits. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Porcelain clay, or kaolin, is found in numerous places in Wood and Marathon counties. The 
 mineral is found in but few places in the United States in quantities sufficient to justify the 
 investment of capital necessary to manufacture it. In the counties mentioned, the deposits are 
 found in extensive beds, and only capital and enterprise are needed to make their development 
 profitable. Clay of superior quality for making brick and of fair quality for pottery, is 
 found in numerous localities. The famous " Milwaukee brick," remarkable for their beautiful 
 cream color, is made from a fine clay which is abundant near Milwaukee, and is found in exten- 
 sive beds at Watertown, Whitewater, Edgerton, Stoughton, and several places on the lake shore 
 north of Milwaukee. At Whitewater and some other places the clay is used with success for the 
 making of pottery ware. Water-lime, or hydraulic cement, occurs in numerous places throughout 
 the state. An extensive bed covering between one and two hundred acres, and of an indefinite 
 depth, exists on the banks of the Milwaukee river, and not over one and a half miles from the city 
 limits of Milwaukee. The cement made from the rock of this deposit is first-class in quality, and 
 between twenty and thirty thousand barrels were made and sold last year. The capacity of the 
 works for reducing the rock to cement has been increased to 500 barrels per day. Stones suita- 
 ble for building purposes are widely distributed throughout the state, and nearly every town has 
 its available quarry. Many of these quarries furnish stone of fine quality for substantial and 
 permanent edifices. The quarry at Prairie du Chien furnished the stone for the capital building 
 at Madison, which equals in beauty that of any state in the Union. At Milwaukee, Waukesha, 
 Madison, La Crosse, and many other places are found quarries of superior building stone. 
 Granite is found in extensive beds in Marathon and Wood counties, and dressed specimens 
 exhibited at the " Centennial " last year, attracted attention for their fine polish. Marbles of 
 various kinds are likewise found in the state. Some of them are beginning to attract attention 
 and are likely to prove valuable. The report of Messrs. Foster & Whitney, United States geol- 
 ogists, speaks of quarries on the Menomonee and Michigamig rivers as affording beautiful varie- 
 ties and susceptible of a high polish. Richland county contains marble, but its quality is gen- 
 erally considered inferior. 
 
 Water Powers. 
 
 Wisconsin is fast becoming a manufacturing state. Its forests of pine, oak, walnut, maple, 
 ash, and other valuable woods used for lumber, are well-nigh inexhaustible. Its water-power for 
 driving the wheels of machinery is not equaled by that of any state in the northwest. The Lower 
 Fox river between Lake Winnebago and Green Bay, a distance of thirty-five miles, furnishes 
 some of the best facilities for manufacturing enterprise in the whole country. Lake Winnebago 
 as a reservoir gives it a great and special advantage, in freedom from liability to freshets and 
 droughts. The stream never varies but a few feet from its highest to its lowest stage, yet gives 
 a steady flow. The Green Bay and Mississippi canal company has, during the last twenty-five 
 years, constructed numerous dams, canals and locks, constituting very valuable improvements. 
 All the property of that company has been transferred to the United States government, which 
 has entered upon a system to render the Fox and Wisconsin rivers navigable to the Mississippi. 
 The fall between the lake and Depere is one hundred and fifty feet, and the water can be utilized 
 
COMMERCE AND MATSTirFACTURES. 207 
 
 in propelling machinery at Neenah, Menasha, Appleton, Cedar, Little Chute, Kaukauna, Rapid 
 Croche, Little Kaukauna and Depere. The water-power at Appleton in its natural advantages 
 is pronounced by Hon. Hiram Barney, of New York, superior to those . at Lowell, Paterson 
 and Rochester, combined. The water-power of the Fox has been improved to a considerable 
 extent, but its full capacity has hardly been touched. Attention has been drawn to it, how- 
 ever, and no doubt is entertained that in a few years the hum of machinery to be propelled 
 by it, will be heard the entire length of the thirty-five miles. The facilities presented by its 
 nearness to timber, iron, and a rich and productive agricultural region, give it an advantage over 
 any of the eastern manufacturing points. 
 
 The Wisconsin river rises in the extreme northern part of the state, and has its source in a 
 great number of small lakes. The upper portion abounds in valuable water privileges, only a 
 few of which are improved. There are a large number of saw-mills running upon the power of 
 this river. Other machinery, to a limited extent, is in operation. 
 
 The " Big Bull *' falls, at Wausau, are improved, and a power of twenty-two feet fall is obtained. 
 At Little Bull falls, below Wausau, there is a fall of eighteen feet, partially improved. There are 
 many other water-powers in Marathon county, some of which are used in propelling flouring- 
 mills and saw-mills. At Grand Rapids, there is a descent of thirty feet to the mile, and the 
 water can be used many times. Each time, 5,000 horse-power is obtained. At Kilbourn City 
 a large amount of power can be obtained for manufacturing purposes. 
 
 Chippewa river has its origin in small streams in the north part of the state. Explorers 
 tell us that there are a large number of water powers on all the upper branches, but as the 
 country is yet unsettled, none of them have been improved, and very few even located on our maps. 
 Brunette falls and Ameger falls, above Chippewa Falls city, must furnish considerable water- 
 power, but its extent is not known At Chippewa Falls is an excellent water-power, only partially 
 improved. The river descends twenty-six feet in three-fourths of a mile. At Duncan creek at the 
 same place, there is a good fall, improved to run a large flouring mill. At Eagle Rapids, five 
 miles above Chippewa Falls, $120,000 has been expended in improving the fall of the Chippewa 
 river. The city of Eau Claire is situated at the confluence of the Chippewa and Eau Claire 
 rivers, and possesses in its immediate vicinity water-powers almost unrivaled. Some of them 
 are improved. The citizens of Eau Claire have, for several years, striven to obtain legislative 
 authority to dam the Chippewa river, so as to improve the water-power of the Dells, and a lively 
 contest, known as the " Dells fight," has been carried on with the capitalists along the river above 
 that town. There are immense water-powers in Dunn county, on the Red Cedar, Chippewa 
 and Eau Galle rivers, on which there are many lumbering establishments. In Pepin county also 
 there are good powers. The Black river and its branches, the La Crosse, Buffalo, Trempealeau, 
 Beaver, and Tamaso, furnish many valuable powers. The St. Croix river is not excelled in the value 
 of its water privileges by any stream in the state, except the Lower Fox river. At St. Croix Falls, 
 the water of the river makes a descent of eighty-five feet in a distance of five miles, and the vol- 
 ume of water is sufficient to move the machinery for an immense manufacturing business, and the 
 banks present good facilities for building dams, and the river is not subject to freshets. The 
 Kinnekinnick has a large number of falls, some of them partially improved. Within twenty-five 
 miles of its entrance into Lake St. Croix, it has a fall of two hundred feet, and the volume of 
 water averages about three thousand cubic feet per minute. Rock river affords valuable water- 
 privileges at Watertown (with twenty-four feet fall), and largely improved; at Jefferson, Indian 
 Ford and Janesville, all of which are improved. Beloit also has an excellent water-power, and 
 it is largely improved. Scattered throughout the state are many other water-powers, not alluded 
 
208' HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 to in the foregoing. There are several in Manitowoc county ; in Marquette county, also. In 
 Washington county, at West Bend, Berlin, and Cedar Creek, there are good water-powers, partly 
 utilized. At Whitewater, in Walworth county, is a good power. In Dane county, there is a 
 water-power at Madison, at the outlet of Lake Mendota ; also, a good one at Stoughton, below 
 the first, or Lake Kegonsa; also at Paoli, Bellville, Albany and Brodhead, on the Sugar river. 
 In Grant county there are not less than twenty good powers, most of them well-developed. In 
 Racine county, three powers of fine capacity at Waterford, Rochester and Burlington, all of 
 which are improved. The Oconto, Peshtigo and Menomonee rivers furnish a large number of 
 splendid water- powers of large capacity. The Upper Wolf river has scores of water-powers on 
 its main stream and numerous branches ; but most of the country is still a wilderness, though 
 containing resources which, when developed, will make it rich and prosperous. There are 
 numerous other streams of less consequence than those named, but of great importance to the 
 localities they severally drain, that have had tlieir powers improved, and their waterfalls are 
 singing the songs of commerce. On the rivers emptying into Lake Superior, there are numerous 
 and valuable water-powers. The Montreal river falls one thousand feet in a distance of thirty 
 miles. 
 
 Manufactures. 
 
 The mechanical and manufacturing industries of Wisconsin demonstrate that the people do 
 not rely wholly upon agricultural pursuits, or lumbering, for subsistence, but aim to diversify 
 their labors as much as possible, and to give encouragement to the skill and ingenuity of their 
 mechanics and artisans. All our cities, and most of our villages, support establishments that 
 furnish wares and implements in common use among the people. We gather from the census 
 report for 1S70 a few facts that will give u.s an adequate idea of what was done in a single year, 
 remembering that the data furnished is six years old, and that great advancement has been made 
 since the statistics were gathered. In 1870, there were eighty-two establishments engaged in 
 making agricultural implements, employing 1,387 hands, and turning out products valued at 
 $2,393,400. There were one hundred and eighty-eight furniture establishments, employing 1,844 
 men, and making $1,542,300 worth of goods. For making carriages and wagons there were four 
 hundred and eighty-five establishments, employing 2,184 men, and their product was valued at 
 $2,596,534; for clothing, two hundred and sixty-three establishments, and value of product 
 $2,340,400; sash, doors and blinds, eighty-one shops, and value of product $1,852,370; leather, 
 eighty-five tanneries, employing 577 men, and value of products $2,013,000; malt liquors, one 
 hundred and seventy-six breweries, 835 men, and their products valued at $1,790,273. 
 
 At many points the business of manufacturing is carried on more or less extensively; 
 indeed, there is hardly a village in the state where capital is not invested in some kind 
 of mechanical industry or manufacturing enterprise, and making satisfactory returns ; but for 
 details in this respect, the reader is referred to the department of local history. 
 
 The principal commodities only, which Wisconsin contributes to trade and commerce, have 
 been considered. There remains quite a number of minor articles from which the citizens of the 
 state derive some revenue, such as flax and maple sugar, which can not be separately considered 
 in this paper. 
 
 Concluding Remarks. 
 
 Statistics are usually dry reading, but, to one desiring to change his location and seeking 
 information regarding a new country and its capabilities, they become intensely interesting and 
 of great value. The farmer wishes to know about the lands, their value and the productiveness 
 of the soil ; the mechanic about the workshops, the price of labor, and the demand for such wares 
 
COM.MKKCE AND MAXUFACTl'RES. 209 
 
 as he is accustomed to make ; the capitalist, concerning all matters that pertain to resources, 
 advantages, and the opportunities for investing his money. Our own people want all the infor- 
 mation that can be gained by the collection of all obtainable facts. The sources of such infor- 
 mation are now various, and the knowledge they impart fragmentary in its character. 
 
 Provision should be made by law, for the collection and publication of reliable statistics 
 relating to our farming, manufacturing, mining, lumbering, commercial and educational interests. 
 Several of the states of the Union have established a "Bureau of Statistics," and no more valua- 
 ble reports emanate from any of their state departments than those that exhibit a condensed 
 view of the material results accomplished each year. Most of the European states foster these 
 agencies with as much solicitude as any department of their government. Indeed, they have 
 become a social as well as a material necessity, for social science extends its im[uiries to the 
 physical laws of man as a social being; to the resources of the country; its productions; the 
 growth of society, and to all those facts or conditions which may increase or diminish the strength, 
 growth or happiness of a people. Statistics are the foundation and corner-stone of social science, 
 which is the highest and noblest of all the sciences. 
 
 A writer has said that, " If God had designed Wisconsin to be chiefly a manufacturing state, 
 instead of agricultural, which she claims to be, and is, it is difficult to see more than one partic- 
 ular in which He could have endowed her more richly for that purpose." She has all the mate- 
 rial for the construction of articles of use and luxury, the means of motive power to propel the 
 machinery, to turn and fashion, weave, forge, and grind the natural elements that abound in such 
 rich profusion. She has also the men whose enterprise and skill have accomplished most sur- 
 prising results, in not only building up a name for themselves, but in placing the state in a proud 
 position of independence. 
 
 It is impossible to predict what will be the future growth and development of Wisconsin. 
 From its commercial and manufacturing advantages, we may reasonably anticipate that she will 
 in a few years lead in the front rank of the states of the Union in all that constitutes real great- 
 ness. Her educational system is one of the best. With her richly endowed State University, her 
 colleges and high schools, and the people's colleges, the common schools, she has laid a broad 
 and deep foundation for a great and noble commonwealth. It was early seen what were the 
 capabilities of this their newly explored domain. The northwestern explorer, Jonathan Carver, 
 in 1766, one hundred and thirteen years ago, after traversing Wisconsin and viewing its lakes of 
 crystal purity, its rivers of matchless utility, its forests of exhaustless wealth, its prairies of won- 
 derful fertility, its mines of buried treasure, recorded this remarkable prediction of which we see 
 the J"ulfillment : "To what power or authority this new world will become dependent after it has 
 arisen from its present uncultivated state, time alone can discover. But as the seat of empire from 
 time immemorial has been gradually progressive toward the west, there is no doubt but that at 
 some future period mighty kingdoms will emerge from these wildernesses, and stately palaces 
 and solemn temples with gilded spires reaching to the skies supplant the Indian huts, whose 
 only decorations are the barbarous trophies oftheir vanquished enemies." 
 
 " Westward the course of empire takes its way ; 
 
 The four first acts already passed, 
 A fifth shall close the drama with the day ; 
 
 Time's noblest offspring is the last." 
 
THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. 
 
 By D. S. DURRIE. 
 
 In the early part of the seventeenth century, all the territory north of the Ohio river, 
 including the present state of Wisconsin, was an undiscovered region. As far as now known, it 
 was never visited by white men until the year 1634, when Jean Nicolet came to the Green bay 
 country as an ambassador from the French to the Winnebagoes. The Jesuit fathers in 1660 
 visited the south shore of Lake Superior; and, soon after, missions were established at various 
 points in the northwest. 
 
 The French government appreciating the importance of possessing dominion over this sec- 
 tion, M. Talon, intendant of Canada, took steps to carry out this purpose, and availed himself 
 of the good feelings entertained toward the French by a number of the Indian tribes, to establish 
 the authority of the French crown over this remote quarter. A small party of men led by 
 Daumont de St. Lusson, with Nicolas Perrot as interpreter, set out from Quebec on this mission, 
 in 1670, and St. Lusson sent to the tribes occupying a circuit of a hundred leagues, inviting the 
 nations, among them the Wisconsin tribes inhabiting the Green bay country, by their chiefs and 
 ambassadors, to meet him at the Sault Sainte Marie the following spring. 
 
 In the month of May, 167 1, fourteen tribes, by their representatives, including the Miamis, 
 Sacs, Winnebagoes, Menomonees, and Pottawattamies, arrived at the place designated. On the 
 morning of the fourteenth of June, " St. Lusson led his followers to the top of the hill, all fully 
 equipped and under arms. Here, too, in the vestments of their priestly office were four Jesuits: 
 Claude Dablon, superior of the mission on the lakes, Gabriel Druillettes, Claude AUouez, and 
 Andre. All around, the great throng of Indians stood, or crouched, or reclined at length with 
 eves and ears intent. A large cross of wood had been made ready. Dablon, in solemn form, 
 pronounced his blessing on it ; and then it was reared and planted in the ground, while the 
 Frenchmen, uncovered, sang the Vexilla Regis. Then a post of cedar was planted beside it, 
 with a metal plate attached, engraven with the royal arms ; while St. Lusson's followers sang the 
 exaudtat, and one of the priests uttered a prayer for the king. St. Lusson now advanced, and, 
 holding his sword in one hand, and raising with the other a sod of earth, proclaimed in a loud 
 voice " that he took possession of all the country occupied by the tribes, and placed them under 
 the king's protection. 
 
 This act, however, was not regarded as sufficiently definite, and on the eighth of May, 1689, 
 Perrot, who was then commanding for the king at the post of Nadouesiou.x, near Lake Pepin on 
 the west side of the Mississippi, commissioned by the Marquis de Denonville to manage the 
 interests of commerce west of Green bay took possession, in the name of the king, with 
 appropriate ceremonies, of the countries west of Lake Michigan as far as the river St. Peter. 
 The papers were signed by Perrot and others. 
 
 By these solemn acts, the present limits of Wisconsin with much contiguous territory, came 
 under the dominion of the French government, the possession of which continued until October, 
 1 761 — a period of ninety years from the gathering of the chiefs at the Sault Ste. Marie in 1671. 
 
 From the commencement of French occupancy up to the time when the British took posses- 
 sion, the district of country embraced within the present limits of this state had but few white 
 inhabitants besides the roaming Indian traders ; and of these few, the locations were separated by 
 a distance of more than two hundred miles in a direct line, and nearly double that distance by 
 
(Deceased.) 
 FOND DU LAC 
 
THE PUBLIC DOMAIK. 211 
 
 the usual water courses. There was no settlement of agriculturists; there were no missionary 
 establishments ; no fortified posts at other points, except at Depere and Green bay on Fox "iver, 
 and perhaps at Prairie du Chien, near the junction of the Wisconsin and the Mississippi. 
 
 The French government made no grant of lands; gave no attention to settlers or agrica.- 
 turists, and the occupation of the country was strictly military. There were, indeed, a few grants 
 of lands made by the French governors and commanders, previous to 1750, to favored indi- 
 viduals, six of which were afterward confirmed by the king of France. There were also others 
 which did not require confirmation, being made by Cardillac, commanding at Detroit, under 
 special authority of the king; of this latter kind, one for a small piece of thirty acres bears with 
 it, says a writer, "so many conditions, reservations, prohibitions of sale, and a whole cavalcade 
 of feudal duties to be performed by the grantee, that in itself, it would be a host in opposition to 
 the agricultural settlement of any country." 
 
 The grants just referred to, relate to that part of the French possessions outside the limits 
 of the present state of Wisconsin. Within its limits there was a grant of an extensive territory 
 including the fort at the head of Green bay, with the exclusive right to trade, and other valuable 
 privileges, from the Marquis de Vaudreuil, in October, 1759, to M. Rigaud. It was sold by the 
 latter to William Gould and Madame Vaudreuil, to whom it was confirmed by the king of 
 France in January, 1760, at a very critical period, when Quebec had been taken by the British, 
 and Montreal was only wanting to complete the conquest of Canada. This grant was evidently 
 intended as a perquisite to entrap some unwary persons to give a valuable consideration for it, 
 as it would be highly impolitic for the government to make such a grant, if they continued mas- 
 ters of the country, since it would surely alienate the affections of the Indians. The whole 
 country had already been virtually conquered by Great Britain, and the grant of course was not 
 confirmed by the English government. 
 
 Of the war between the French and English governments in America, known as the French 
 and Indian war, it is not necessary to speak, except in general terms. The English made a 
 determined effort to obtain the possessions claimed by the French. The capture of Quebec in 
 1759, and the subsequent capitulation of Montreal in 1760, extinguished the domination of 
 France in the basin of the St. Lawrence ; and by the terms of the treaty of Paris, concluded 
 February 10, 1763, all the possessions in, and all the claims of the French nation to, the vast 
 country watered by the Ohio and the Mississippi were ceded to Great Britain. 
 
 Among the first acts of the new masters of the country was the protection of the eminent 
 domain of the government, and the restriction of all attempts on the part of individuals to acquire 
 Indian titles to lands. By the King of England's proclamation of 1763, no more grants of land 
 within certain prescribed limits could be issued, and all private persons were interdicted the 
 liberty of purchasing lands from the Indians, or of making settlements within those prescribed 
 limits. The indulgence of such a privilege as that of making private purchases of the natives, 
 conduced to the most serious difficulties, and made way for the practice of the most reprehensible 
 frauds. The policy pursued by the English government has been adopted and acted upon by the 
 government of the United States in the extinguishment of the Indian title to lands in every part 
 of the country. 
 
 In face of the proclamation of 1763, and within three years after its promulgation, under 
 a pretended purchase from, or voluntary grant of the natives, a tract of country nearly one hundred 
 miles square, including large portions of what is now northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, was 
 claimed by Jonathan Carver, and a ratification of his title solicited from the king and council. 
 This was not conceded ; and the representatives of Carver, after the change of government had 
 
212 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 brought the lands under the jurisdiction of the United States, for a series of years presented the 
 same claims before congress, and asked for their confirmation. Such a demand under all the 
 circumstances, could not justify an expectation of success; and, of course, has often been refused. 
 But notwithstanding the abundant means which the public have had of informing themselves of 
 the true nature and condition of Carver's claim, bargains and sales of portions of this tract have 
 been made among visionary speculators for more than half a century past. It is now only a 
 short period since the maps of the United States ceased to be defaced by a delineation of 
 ;he "Carver Grant." 
 
 The mere transfer of the dominion over the country from the French to the English govern- 
 ment, and the consequent occupation of the English posts by the new masters, did not in any 
 great degree affect the social condition of the inhabitants. By the terms of capitulation, the 
 French subjects were permitted to remain in the country, in the full enjoyment of their civil and 
 religious privileges. 
 
 The English, however, did not hold peaceable possession of the territory acquired. The war 
 inaugurated by Pontiac and his Indian allies on the military posts occupied by the English soon 
 followed, and in the month of May, 1763, nine posts were captured with much loss of life. In 
 the spring of 1764, twenty-two tribes who were more or less identified in the outbreak, concluded 
 a treaty of peace <vith General Bradstreet at Niagara. 
 
 The expedition of Colonel George Rogers Clark to the Illinois country, and the conquest 
 of the British posts in 1778 and 1779, had the effect to open the way for the emigration of the 
 Anglo-American population to the Mississippi valley; and at the close of the revolutionary 
 war, Great Britain renounced all claim to the whole territory lying east of the Mississippi river. 
 The dominion of the English in the Illinois and Wabash countries, ceased with the loss of the 
 military posts which commanded the Northwestern territory of the United States. As a result of 
 the enterprise and success of Clark, Virginia obtained possession of the Illinois country; his 
 expedition having been undertaken and carried forward under the auspices of that state. 
 
 Several of the eastern states under their colonial charters, laid claim to portions of the land 
 comprised in the territory northwest of the Ohio river. The claim of Massachusetts was derived 
 from a grant from King James of November 3, 1620 ; and included from lat. 42° 2' to about lat. 
 450, extending to the south sea; Connecticut claimed from lat. 41'? north 1042° 2'. The claims of 
 Virginia were from grants from King James, bearing date, respectively, April 10, 1606, May 23, 
 1609, and March 12, 1611, and an additional claim for the territory conquered by Clark in the 
 Illinois country; but they extended no farther north than the southern end of Lake Michigan. 
 
 It is a popular impression that the territory of the present state of Wisconsin was compre- 
 hended in the lands northwest of the river Ohio, over which Virginia exercised jurisdiction, and, 
 consequently, was included in her deed of cession of lands to the United States. This opinion so 
 generally entertained by writers on American history, is a statement which docs not appear to 
 have any solid foundation in fact. Virginia never made any conquests or settlements in Wiscon- 
 sin, and at no time prior to the proffer of her claims to the general government had she ever 
 exercised jurisdiction over it. In fact, there were no settlements in Wisconsin except at Green 
 Bay and Prairie du Chien before that time, and these were made by French settlers who were in 
 no wise interfered with while the revolution continued. In Illinois it was otherwise; and the 
 possession of its territory by Virginia was an undisputed fact. During the revolution the title of 
 the sovereignty in Wisconsin was actually in Great Britain, and so remained until the definite 
 treaty of peace in 1783; at which date England yielding her right constructively to the United 
 States, retaining possession, however, until 1796; at which time the western posts were transferred 
 to the United States. 
 
THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. 21 o 
 
 All the claiming states finally ceded their interests to the general government, giving the 
 latter a perfect title, subject only to the rights of the Indians. The deed of cession from Virginia 
 was dated March i, 1784. The other states ceded their claims, some before this date, others 
 subsequent thereto. , 
 
 Virginia made a number of stipulations in her deed of cession; among others, that the 
 French and Canadian inhabitants and the neighboring villages who had professed themselves 
 citizens of Virginia, should have their possessions and title confirmed to them, and be protected in 
 the enjoyment of their rights and liberties; thr.t 150,000 acres of land near the rapids of the Ohio, 
 should be reserved for that portion of her state troops which had reduced the country; and about 
 3,500,000 acres between the rivers Scioto and Little Miami be reserved for bounties to her troops 
 on the continental establishment. 
 
 In consequence of certain objectionable stipulations made by Virginia as to the division of 
 the territory into states, the deed of cession was referred back to that state with a recommenda- 
 tion from congress that these stipulations should be altered. On the 30th of December, 1788, 
 Virginia assented to the wish of congress, and formally ratified and confirmed the fifth article of 
 compact which related to that subject, and tacitly gave her consent to the whole ordinance of 1787. 
 The provisions of this ordinance have since been applied to all the territories of the United 
 States lying north of the 36° 40'. After the adoption of the constitution of the' United States the 
 the new congress, among its earliest acts, passed one, recognizing the binding force of the ordi- 
 nance of 1787. 
 
 Of this ordinance it has been said ; " It was based on the principles of civil liberty, maintained 
 in the magna charta of England, re-enacted in the bill of rights, and incorporated in our differ- 
 ent state constitutions. It was the fundamental law of the constitution, so to speak, of the great 
 northwest, upon which were based, and with which harmonized all our territorial enactments, as 
 well as our subsequent state legislation, and, moreover, it is to that wise, statesman-like document 
 that we are indebted for much of our prosperity and greatness." 
 
 After the close of the revolutionary war, enterprising individuals traversed tlie whole country 
 which had been ceded to the government, and companies were formed to explore and settle the 
 fertile and beautiful lands beyond the Ohio ; but the determination of the British cabinet not to 
 evacuate the western posts, was well known, and had its effect on the people who were disposed 
 to make settlements. 
 
 The western tribes were also dissatisfied and threatened war, and efforts were made by the 
 government to settle the difficulties. A grand council was held at the mouth of Detroit river 
 in December, 1787, which did not result favorably, and two treaties were subsequently held, 
 which were not respected by the savages who were parties to them. Soon an Indian war ensued, 
 /hich resulted at first disastrously to the American troops under Generals Harmar and St. Clair, 
 but finally with success to the American arms under General Wayne. The treaty of Greenville 
 followed. It was concluded August 3, 1795. At this treaty there were present eleven hundred 
 and thirty chiefs and warriors. It was signed by eighty-four chiefs and General Anthony Wayne, 
 sole commissioner of the United States. One of the provisions of the treaty was that in consid- 
 eration of the peace then established, and the cessions and relinquishments of lands made by the 
 tribes of Indians, and to manifest the liberality of the United States as the great means of render- 
 ing this peace strong and perpetual, the United States relinquished their claims to all other 
 Indian lands northward of the river Ohio, eastward of the Mississippi, and westward and south- 
 ward of the great lakes and the waters united by them, except certain reservations and portions 
 before purchased of the Indians, none of which were within the present limits of this state. The 
 Indian title to the whole of what is now Wisconsin, subject only to certain restrictions, became 
 
214 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 absolute in the various tribes inhabiting it. By this treaty it was stipulated that, of the lands relin- 
 quished by the United States, the Indian tribes who have a right to those lands, were quietly to 
 enjoy them ; hunting, planting, and dwelling thereon so long as they pleased ; but, when those 
 tribes or any of them should be disposed to sell them, or any part of them, they were to be sold 
 only to the United States, and until such sale, the United States would protect all of the tribes 
 in the quiet enjoyment of their lands against all citizens of the United States, and all other white 
 persons who might intrude on the same. At the same time all the tribes acknowledged them- 
 selves to be under the protection of the United States, and no other person or power what- 
 soever. 
 
 The treaty also prohibited any citizen of the United States, or any other white man, settling 
 upon the lands relinquished by the general government ; and such person was to be considered 
 as out of the protection of the United States; and the Indian tribe on whose land the settlement 
 might be made, could drive off the settler, or punish him in such manner as it might see fit. 
 
 It will be seen that the Indians were acknowledged to have an unquestionable title to the 
 lands they occupied until that right should be extinguished by a voluntary cession to the general 
 government; and the constitution of the United States, by declaring treaties already made, as 
 well as those to be made, to be the supreme law of the land, adopted and sanctioned previous 
 treaties with the Indian nations, and consequently admitted their rank among those powers who 
 are capable of making treaties. 
 
 The several treaties which had been made between commissioners on the part of the United 
 States and various nations of Indians, previous to the treaty of Greenville, were generally 
 restricted to declarations of amity and friendship, the establishment and confirming of bounda- 
 ries, and the protection of settlements on Indian lands ; those that followed were generally for a 
 cession of lands and provisions made for their payment. It is proposed to notice the several 
 treaties that took place after that held at Greenville, showing in what way the territory of the 
 present state, came into possession of the government. As will be seen hereafter, it required trea- 
 ties with numerous tribes of Indians to obtain a clear, undisputed title, as well as many years 
 before it was fully accomplished. 
 
 1. A treaty was held at St. Louis, November 3, 1804, between the Sacs and Foxes and the 
 United States. William Henry Harrison was acting commissioner on the part of the govern- 
 ment. By the provisions of the treaty, the chiefs and head men of the united tribes ceded to 
 the United States a large tract on both sides of the Mississippi, extending on the east from the 
 mouth of the Illinois to the head of that river, and thence to the Wisconsin ; and including on 
 the west considerable portions of Iowa and Missouri, from the mouth of the Gasconade north- 
 ward. In what is now the state of Wisconsin, this grant embraced the whole of the present 
 counties of Grant and La Fayette and a large portion of Iowa and Green counties. The lead 
 region was included in this purchase. In consideration of this cession, the general government 
 agreed to protect the tribes in the quiet enjoyment of their land, against its own citizens and 
 all others who should intrude on them. The tribes permitted a fort to be built on the upper 
 side of the Wisconsin river, near its mouth, and granted a tract of land two miles square, adjoin- 
 ing the same. The government agreed to give them an annuity of one thousand dollars per 
 annum. The validity of this treaty was denied by one band of the Sac Indians, and this cession 
 of land became, twenty-eight years after, the alleged cause of the Black Hawk war. 
 
 2. Another treaty was held at Portage des Sioux, now a village in St. Charles county, Mis- 
 souri, on the Mississippi river, September 13, 1815, with certain chiefs of that portion of the 
 Sac nation then residing in Missouri, who, they said, were compelled since the commencement of 
 
THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. 21o 
 
 the late war, to separate themselves from the rest of their nation. They gave their assent to the 
 treaty made at St. Louis in 1804, and promised to remain separate from the Sacs of Rock river, 
 and to give them no aid or assistance, until peace should be concluded between the United 
 States and the Foxes of Rock river. 
 
 3. On the 14th of September, a treaty was made with the chiefs of the Fox tribe at the 
 same place. They agreed that all prisoners in their hands should be delivered up to the govern- 
 ment. They assented to, recognized, re-established and confirmed the treaty of 1804, to the full 
 extent of their interest in the same. 
 
 4. A treaty was held at St. Louis, May 13, i8i6, with the Sacs of Rock river, who affirmed 
 the treaty of 1804, and agreed to deliver up all the property stolen or plundered, and in failure 
 to do so, to forfeit all title to their annuities. To this treaty. Black Hawk's name appears with 
 others. That chief afterward affirmed that though he himself had " touched the quill " to 
 this treaty, he knew not what he was signing, and that he was therein deceived by the agent and 
 others, who did not correctly explain the nature of the grant; and in reference to the treaty of 
 St. Louis in 1804, and at Portage des Sioux in 1815, he said that he did not consider the same 
 valid or binding on him or his tribe, inasmuch as by the terms of those treaties, territory was 
 described which the Indians never intended to sell, and the treaty of 1804, particularly, was 
 made by parties who had neither authority in the nation, nor power to dispose of its lands. 
 Whether this was a true statement of the case, or otherwise, it is quite certain that the grant of 
 lands referred to was often confirmed by his nation, and was deemed conclusive and binding by 
 the government. The latter acted in good faith to the tribes, as well as to the settlers, in the 
 disposition of the lands. 
 
 5. A treaty of peace and friendship was made at St. Louis, June 3, 18 16, between the chiefs 
 and warriors of that part of the Winnebagoes residing on the Wisconsin river. In this treaty the 
 tribe state that they have separated themselves from the rest of their nation ; that they, for 
 themselves and those they represent, confirm to the United States all and every cession of land 
 heretofore made by their nation, and every contract and agreement, as far as their interest 
 extended. 
 
 6. On the 30th of March, 1817, the Menomonee tribe concluded a treaty of peace ana 
 friendship at St. Louis with the United States, and confirmed all and every cession of land 
 before made by them within the limits of the United States. 
 
 7. On the 19th of August, 1825, at Prairie du Chien, a treaty was made with the Sioux, 
 Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Winnebagoes, Ottawas and Pottawattamies, by which the boundary 
 between the two first nations was agreed upon; also between the Chippewas, Winnebagoes and 
 other tribes. 
 
 8. Another treaty was held August 5, 1826, at Fond du Lac of Lake Superior, a small 
 settlement on the St. Louis river, in Itaska county, Minn., with the same tribes, by which the 
 previous treaty was confirmed in respect to boundaries, and those of the Chippewas were defined, 
 as a portion of the same was not completed at the former treaty. 
 
 9. A treaty was made and concluded August i, 1827, at Butte des Morts, between the United 
 States and the Chippewa, Menomonee and Winnebago tribes, in which the boundaries of their 
 tribes were defined ; no cession of lands was made. 
 
 10. A treaty was made at Green Bay, August 25, 1828, with the Winnebagoes, Pottawat- 
 tamies and other tribes. This treaty was made to remove the difficulties which had arisen in 
 consequence of the occupation by white men of that portion of the mining country in the south- 
 western part of Wisconsin which had not been ceded to the United States. A provisional 
 
216 irrs'lORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 boundary was provided, and privileges accorded the government to freely occupy their territory 
 until a treaty should be made for the cession of the same. This treaty was simply to define the 
 rights of the Indians, and to give the United States the right of occupation. 
 
 11. Two treaties were made at Prairie du Chien, on the 29th of July, 1829, and August i, 
 1829 : at the first date, with the Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottawattamies, by which these nations 
 ceded all their lands which they claimed in the northwestern part of Illinois ; and at the latter 
 date with the Winnebagoes, by which that nation cedtd and relinquished all their right, title and 
 claim to all their lands south of the Wisconsin river, thus confirming the purchase of the lead- 
 mine region. Certain grants were made to individuals, which grants were not to be leased or 
 sold by the grantees. 
 
 By this important treaty, about eight millions of acres of land were added to the public 
 domain. The three tracts ceded, and forming one whole, extended from tlie upper end of Rock 
 river to the mouth of the Wisconsin, from latitude 41° 30' to latitude 43" 15', on the Mississippi. 
 Following the meanderings of the river, it was about two hundred and forty miles from west to 
 east, extending along the Wisconsin and Fox rivers, affording a passage across the country from 
 the Mississippi to Lake Michigan. The south part of the purchase extended from Rock Island 
 to Lake Michigan. 
 
 12. Another important treaty was made at Green Bay, February 8, 1831, between the Meno- 
 monee Indians and the United States. That nation possessed an immense territory. Its eastera 
 division was bounded by the Milwaukee river, the shore of Lake Michigan, Green bay, Fox river, 
 and Lake Winnebago; its western division, by the Wisconsin and Chippewa rivers on the west, 
 Fox river on the south, Green bay on the east, and the high lands which flow the streams into 
 Lake Superior on the north. By this treaty all the eastern division, estimated at two and a half 
 millions of acres, was ceded to the government. By certain other provisions, the tribe was to 
 occupy a large tract lying north of Fox river and east of Wolf river. Their territory farther west 
 was reserved for their hunting-grounds until such time as the general government should desire 
 to purchase it. Another portion, amounting to four millions of acres, lying between Green bay 
 on the east and Wolf river on the west, was also ceded to the LInited States, besides a strip of 
 country, three miles in width, from near the portage of the Wisconsin and Fox rivers north, on 
 each side of the Wisconsin river, and forty-eight miles long — still leaving the tribe in peaceable 
 possession of a country about one hundred and twenty miles long, and about eighty broad. By 
 supplementary articles to the treaty, provision was made for the occupancy of certain lands by 
 the New York Indians — two tovvnships on the east side of Lake Winnebago. 
 
 13. At the conclusion of the Black Hawk war, in 1832, for the purpose of clearing up the 
 Indian title of the Winnebago nation in the country, a treaty was made and concluded at Fort 
 Armstrong, September 15, 1832. All the territory claimed by this nation lying south and east of 
 the Wisconsin and Fox river of Green bay, was ceded to the United States, and no band or party 
 of Winnebagoes was allowed to reside, plant, fish or hunt on these grounds, after June i, 1833, 
 or on any part of the country therein ceded. 
 
 14. On the 27th of October, 1832, articles of agreement were made and concluded at Green 
 Bay between the United States and the Menomonee Indians, by the terms of which that nation 
 ceded to the New York Indians certain lands on Fox river. 
 
 15. An important treaty was made at Chicago, September 26, 1833, between the United 
 States and the Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottawattamies. Those nations ceded to the government 
 all their lands along the western shore of Lake Micliigan, and between that lake and the land 
 ceded to the United States by the Winnebago nation at the treaty at Fort Armstrong, September 
 
THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. 217 
 
 15, 1832, bounded on the north by the country lately ceded by the Menomonees, and on the 
 south by the country ceded at the treaty at Prairie da Chien, July 19, 1829 — containing about 
 five millions of acres. 
 
 16. On the 3d of September, 1836, a tteaty was made at Cedar Point with the Menomonees, 
 by which lands lying west of Green bay, and a strip on the upper Wisconsin, were ceded to the 
 United States — the quantity of land ceded being estimated at four millions of acres in the Green 
 bay portion; on the Wisconsin river, a strip three miles wide on each side of the river, running 
 forty-eight miles north in a direct Ime, equivalent to 184,320 acres. 
 
 17. On the 29th of July, 1837, a treaty was made with the Chippewas of the Mississippi, at 
 Fort Snelling, and the United States, the nation ceding to the government all their lands in 
 Wisconsin lying south of the divide between the waters of Lake Superior and those of the 
 Mississippi. 
 
 18. Certain chiefs and braves of the Sioux nation of the Mississippi, while visiting Washing- 
 ton, September 29, 1837, ceded to the United States all their lands east of the Mississippi, and all 
 their islands in said river. 
 
 19. The Winnebago nation, by the chiefs and delegates, held a treaty with the government 
 at Washington, November i, 1837. That nation ceded all their lands east of the Mississippi, 
 and obligated themselves to remove, within eight months after the ratification of the treaty, to 
 certain lands west of the river Mississippi which were conveyed to them by the treaty of Sep- 
 tember 21, 1832. 
 
 20. The Oneida or New York Indians, residing near Green Bay, by their chief and repre- 
 sentative, on the 3d of February, 1838, at Washington City, ceded to the United States their title 
 and interest in the land set apart by the treaty made with the Menomonees, May 8, 1831, and the 
 treaty made with the same tribe, October 7, 1832, reserving about 62,000 acres. 
 
 21. Another treaty was made at Stockbridge on the 3d of September, 1839, by which the 
 Stockbridge and Munsee tribes (New York Indians) ceded and relinquished to the United States 
 the east half of the tract of 46,080 acres which was laid off for their use on the east side of Lake 
 Winnebago by treaty of October 7, 1832 
 
 22. On the 4th of October, 1842, a treaty was made at La Pointe, on Lake Superior, with the 
 Chippewas. All their lands in the northern and northwestern parts of Wisconsin were ceded to 
 the United States. 
 
 23. The Menomonee nation, on the i8th of October, 1848, at Pow-aw-hay-kon-nay, ceded 
 and relinquished to the United States all their lands in the state, wherever situated — the gov- 
 ernment to furnish the nation as a home, to be held as Indian lands are held, all the country ceded 
 to the United States by the Chippewa nation August 2, 1847, the consideration being the sum of 
 $350,000, to be paid according to the stipulations of the treaty. A supplementary treaty was 
 made on the 24th of November, 1848, with the Stockbridges — the tribe to sell and relinquish to 
 the United States the township of land on the east side of Lake Winnebago, secured to said tribe 
 by treaty of February 8, 1831. 
 
 24. A treaty was made with the Menomonee nation, at the falls of Wolf river, May 12, 1854, 
 being a supplementary treaty to one made October 18, 1848. All the lands ceded to that nation 
 under the treaty last named was ceded to the United States — the Menomonees to receive from 
 the United States a tract of country lying on Wolf river, being townships 28, 29 and 30, of ranges 
 13, 14, 15, 16. 
 
 25. A treaty was made with the Chippewas of Lake Superior, at La Pointe, on the 30th of 
 September, 1854. That nation ceded to the United States all lands before owned by them in 
 common with the Chippewas of the Mississippi — lying in the vicinity of Lake Superior in Wigr 
 
218 HISTORY OF AVISCONSIN. 
 
 Consin and Minnesota. 
 
 26. On the 5th of February, 1856, a treaty was held with the Stockbridge and Munsee tribes, 
 at Stockbridge. All the remaining right and title to lands in the town of Stockbridge, possessed 
 by them, was ceded to the United States ; and the said tribes were to receive in exchange a tract 
 of land near the southern boundary of the Menomonee reservation, and by treaty made at 
 Keshena, February 11, 1856, the Menomonees ceded two townships to locate the said tribes. 
 
 With this last treaty, the Indian title to all the lands of the present state of Wisconsin was 
 ceded to the United States government, except a few small reservations to certain tribes, and a 
 perfect, indefeasible title obtained to all the territory within its borders. 
 
 In the region of country which is now the state of Wisconsin, the settlements in early times 
 were, as before stated, near Green Bay and at Prairie du Chien. Soon after the organization cf 
 the Northwest territory, the subject of claims to private property therein received much attention. 
 By an act of congress approved March 3, 1805, lands lying in the districts of Vincennes, Kas- 
 kaskia and Detroit, which were claimed by virtue of French or British grants, legally and fully 
 executed, or by virtue of grants issued under the authority of any former act of congress by 
 either of the governors of the Northwest or Indiana territory, which had already been surveyed, 
 were, if necessary, to be re-surveyed; and persons claiming lands under these grants were to have 
 Until November i, 1805, to give notice of the same. Commissioners were to be appointed to 
 examine, and report at the next session of congress. An act was also passed, approved April 25, 
 1806, to authorize the granting of patents for lands, according to government surveys that had 
 been made, and to grant donation rights to certain claimants of land in the district of Detroit, 
 and for other purposes Another act was approved May 11, 1820, reviving the powers of the 
 commissioners for ascertaining and deciding on claims in the district of Detroit, and for settling the 
 claims to land at Green Bay and Prairie du Chien, in the territory of Michigan ; the commis- 
 tioners to have power to examine and decide on claims filed with the register of the land office, 
 and not before acted on, in accordance with the laws respecting the same. The commissioners 
 discharged the duties imposed on them, and in their report to congress in reference to the claims 
 at Green Bay, they said that the antiquity of this settlement being, in their view, sufficiently 
 established, and that they, being also satisfied that the Indian title must be considered to have 
 been extinguished, decide favorably on the claims presented. About seventy-five titles were con- 
 firmed, and patents for the same were sent to the proper parties by the government. In relation 
 to the Prairie du Chien titles, they reported " that they had met few difficulties in their investi- 
 gations; that, notwithstanding the high antiquity which maybe claimed for the settlement of that 
 place, no one perfect title founded on French or British grant, legally authenticated, had been 
 successfully made out; and that but few deeds of any sort have been exhibited.'' This they 
 attribute to the carelessness of the Canadians in respect to whatever concerned their land titles, and 
 accords with whatever is known in this regard, of the French population throughout the country. 
 They therefore came to the conclusion that whatever claim the people of the place possessed, 
 and might have for a confirmation of their land titles, they must be founded upon proof of con 
 tinned possession since the year 1796 The commissioners further say, that " since the ancestors 
 of these settlers were cut off, by the treaty which gave the Canadas to the English, from all inter- 
 course with their parent country, the people both of Prairie du Chien and Green Bay have been 
 eft, until within a few years, quite isolated, almost without any government but their own; and, 
 although the present population of these settlements are natives of the countries which they 
 inhabit, and, consequently, are by birth citizens of the northwest, yet, until a few years, they have 
 had as little political connection with its government as their ancestors had with the British. 
 Ignorant of their civil rights, careless of their land titles, docility, habitual hospitality, cheerful 
 
THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. 219 
 
 submission to the requisitions of any government which may be set over them, are their universal 
 characteristics." 
 
 In reference to grants by the French and English governments, the commissioners say, they 
 " have not had access to any public archives by which to ascertain with positive certain'y, whether 
 either the French or English ever effected a formal extinguishment of the Indian title at the 
 mouth of the Wisconsin, which also may be said of the land now covered by the city of Detroit , 
 that the French government was not accustomed to hold formal treaties for such purposes with 
 the Indians, and when the lands have been actually procured from them, either by virtue of the 
 assumed right of conquest, or by purchase, evidence of such acquisition is rather to be sought in 
 the traditionary history of the country, or in the casual or scanty relations of travelers, than 
 among collections of state papers. Tradition (j'<?« recognize the fact of the extinguishment of 
 the Indian title at Prairie du Chien by the old French government, before its surrender to the 
 English; and by the same species of testimony, more positive because more recent, it is estab- 
 lished also, that, in the year 1781, Patrick Sinclair, lieutenant governor of the province of Upper 
 Canada, while the English government had jurisdiction over this country, made a formal purchase 
 from the Indians of the lands comprehending the settlement of Prairie du Chien." 
 
 The territories and states formed from the section known as the Northwest territory, 
 were : 
 
 I The Northwest territory proper (1787-1800) having jurisdiction over all the lands referred 
 to in the ordinance of 1787. In 1802, Ohio was organized as a state with its present boun- 
 daries. 
 
 •2. Indiana terrritory was formed July 4, 1800, with the seat of government at Vincennes 
 That territory was made to include all of the northwest, except what afterward became the state 
 of Ohio. 
 
 3. Michigan territory was formed June 30, 1805. It was bounded on the south by a line 
 drawn east from the south bend of Lake Michigan, on the west by the center of Lake Michigan. 
 It did not include what is now Wisconsin. The upper peninsula was annexed in r836. The 
 state of Michigan was formed January 26, 1837, with its present boundaries. 
 
 4. Illinois territory was formed March 2, 1810. It included all of the Indiana territory west 
 of the Wabash river and Vincennes, and a line running due north to the territorial line. All of 
 Wisconsin was included therein, except what lay east of the line drawn north from Vincennes. 
 
 5. Indiana was admitted as a state .\pril 19, 1816, including all the territory of Indiana 
 territory, except a narrow strip east of the line of Vincennes, and west of Michigan territory, her 
 western boundary. 
 
 6. Illinois was admitted as a state April 11, 1818. It included all of Illinois territory south 
 of latitude 42° 30'. All of Wisconsin was added to Michigan territory. In the month of Octo- 
 ber of that year, the counties of Michilimackinac, Brown and Crawford were formed, comprising 
 besides other territory, the whole of the present state of Wisconsin. 
 
 7. Iowa district was attached to Michigan for judicial purposes, June 30, 1834, out of which 
 Des Moines and Dubuque counties were formed. 
 
 8. Wisconsin territory was formed .\pril 20, 1836. The state was formed May 29, 1848. 
 The territory of Wisconsin being a part of the Northwest territory claimed, and congress by 
 
 direct action confirmed to her, all the rights and privileges secured by the ordinance of 1787, 
 cite of which was that congress should have authority to form one or two states in that part of 
 the territory lying north of an east and west line, drawn through the southerly bend or extreme 
 of Lake Michigan. Notwithstanding this plain provision of the ordinance, which is declared to 
 
220 HISTORY OF WISCONSTX. 
 
 be articles of compact between the original states and the people and states in the said territory, 
 and forever to remain unalterable unless by consent ; yet congress, in establishing the boundaries 
 of the state of Illinois, extended that state about sixty miles north of the line established by the 
 ordinance. This action was claimed to be unjust and contrary to the spirit and letter of the 
 compact with the original states. The legislative assembly of Wisconsin passed resolutions 
 which were approved January 13, 1840, that it was inexpedient for the people of the territory to 
 form a constitution and state government until the southern boundary to which they are so justly 
 entitled by the ordinance of 1787 shall be fully recognized by the parties of the original com- 
 pact. Owing to various complications over which the territory liad no control, her people never 
 succeeded in obtaining from congress what they considered their just rights. 
 
 It was also contended by many, that the portion of country set off to Michigan on Lake 
 Superior given as a compensation in part for the stri[) of land awarded to Ohio from her south- 
 ern border, should also have constituted a portion of Wisconsin, especially as Michigan never 
 made the least claim to it by her delegate in congress, who was decidedly opposed to the exten- 
 sion of Michigan beyond the limits of the lower peninsula. 
 
 The first survey of the public lands northwest of the Ohio river, was made pursuant to an 
 act of congress approved May 20, 1785 The geographer of the confederation was diected to 
 commence the survey of the government lands on the north side of the river Ohio — the first line 
 running north and south, to begin on said river at a point that should be found to be due north 
 from the western termination of a line which had been run as the southern boundary of the state 
 of Pennsylvania; the first line running east and west, to begin at the same point, and to extend 
 through the whole territory. The survey comprised seven ranges, composing ten counties of 
 the present state of Ohio. Other surveys followed when the Indian title was extinguished. 
 Thomas Hutchins, who held the office of geographer, is believed to be the inventor of the 
 mode of laying put land which was then introduced by him, and is still in general use by the 
 government. 
 
 Soon after the government had acquired title to the Indian lands south of the Wisconsin 
 river, the public authorities commenced a systematic survey of the lands, for the purpose of 
 bringing the same into market at the earliest possible period. 
 
 The public lands in Wisconsin are, as elsewhere in the west, surveyed in uniform rec- 
 tangular tract-;, each six miles square, by lines running north and south, intersecting others 
 running east and west. These townships are numbered from two lines called the principal 
 meridian and the base line. The principal meridian by which the Wisconsin surveys are gov- 
 erned is that known as the fourth, and extends from the Illinois boundary line to Lake Superior, 
 at the mouth of Montreal river, about two hundred and eighty-two miles. It divides Grant 
 from LaFayette county, and passes through the eastern parts of Vernon, Monroe, Jackson, Clark, 
 Chippewa, and Ashland counties. The base line separates Wisconsin from Illinois in north 
 latitude forty-two degrees, thirty minutes. There are nearly seventeen hundred, townships in 
 the state. Each township is subdivided into thirty-six sections by lines running parallel to the 
 sides of the township, one mile apart. A section is, therefore, one mile square, and contains six 
 hundred and forty acres. In fractional townships, each section is numbered the same as the 
 corresponding section in whole townships. Each section is subdivided into half-mile squares, 
 called quarter-sections, each containing one hundred and sixty acres, and the subdivision is 
 carried still further into half-quarter or quarter-quarter sections. It is found necessary to estab- 
 lish at stated intervals standard parallels, commonly called correction lines, to obviate the effect 
 of the curvature of the earth's surface. The convergence in a single township is small, though 
 quite perceptible, the actual excess in length of its south over its north line being in the state 
 
THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. 
 
 221 
 
 about three rods. The townships north of the base line, therefore, become narrower toward the 
 north, and if continued for too great a distance, this narrowing would cause serious inconvenience. 
 In the state of \A'isconsin there are four of these correction lines. The first is sixty miles 
 north of the base line, and accordingly runs between townships ten and eleven. The second is 
 between townships twenty and twenty-one, and so on. They are usually sixty miles apart. On 
 these parallels, which form new base lines, fresh measurements are made from the principal 
 meridian, and the corners of new townships are fixed six miles apart as on the original base line. 
 This method of procedure not only takes up the error due to convergency of meridians, but 
 arrests that caused by want of precision in the surveys already made. 
 
 The northern or western sections of townships, which contain more or less than six hun- 
 dred and forty acres, are called fractional sections, for the reason that the surplusage or 
 deficiency arising from errors in surveying, and from other causes, is by law added to or 
 deducted from the western or northern ranges of sections according as the error may be in run- 
 ning the lines from east to west, or from north to south. 
 
 As soon as the surveys were completed in southern Wisconsin and the Green Bay section, 
 and a knowledge of the superior qualities of the land for agricultural purposes were known to 
 the people, the emigration became large. In fact much land was taken possession of by settlers 
 in advance of being surveyed and brought into market. As soon as the land offices at Green 
 Bay, Mineral Point, and Milwaukee were located, public announcement was made by the govern- 
 ment, of the time of the sale, when the lands were put up to the highest bidder, and such as were 
 unsold were afterward subject to private entry. The first sales were held at Green Bay and 
 Mineral Point in the year 1835. The sale at Milwaukee was in 1839. From the reports of the 
 general land office, it appears that from 1835 to 1845 inclusive, there were sold at the three lani 
 offices from public sale, 2,958,592^*5% acres, amounting to $3,768,106.51. 
 
 Fort Howard military reservation was set apart by order of the president March 2, 1829, 
 and comprised all the lands lying upon Fox river and Green bay, in township 24 north, range 20 
 east, 4th principal meridian, being about four thousand acres. The lands were abandoned for 
 military purposes, by the war department, December 4, 1850. By an act of congress approved 
 March 3, 1863, the commissioner of the general land office was authorized and directed to cause 
 the reservation, including the site of the fort, containing three and four-hundredths acres, situated 
 in the county of Brown, between Fox river and Beaver Dam run, and wliich is not included in 
 the confirmations to T. C. Dousman and Daniel Whitney, nor in the grant to the state of Wis- 
 consin, under resolutions of congress approved April 25, 1862, granting lands to Wisconsin to 
 aid in the construction of railroads, to be surveyed and subdivided into lots not less than one- 
 fourth of an acre, and not more than forty acres, deducting such portions of the same as the 
 public interest and convenience may require ; and when so surveyed and platted, to be sold se{>- 
 arately at auction. On the loth of November, 1864, under directions of the commissioner, the 
 lands were offered for sale at auction at the fort. .\bout one-half of the lands were sold, and 
 purchased by actual settlers, and but few for speculation. The fort and the lands contiguous 
 were sold for six thousand four hundred dollars. The other lands sold brought about the sum 
 of nineteen thousand dollars. 
 
 That portion of the reservation unsold was to be subject to private entry at the appraised 
 value, and that portion lying between Duck creek and Beaver Dam creek, was subject to entry 
 as other public lands were offered. 
 
 On the 20th of May, 1868, a joint resolution of congress was approved, by which the com- 
 missioner of the general land office was authorized and directed to cause a patent to be issued 
 to the Chicago & Northwestern railroad company in pursuance of a resolution passed by con- 
 
222 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 gress, granting the same to the state of Wisconsin, approved April 25, 1862, and by act of the 
 legislature approved June 16, 1862, granting the same to that company for eighty acres of land, 
 as was .surveyed and approved by said commissioner June 11, 1864. The lands thus donated 
 are now used by the railroad company for their depot grounds 
 
 The Fort Crawford military reservation was purchased from J. H. Lockwood and James D. 
 Doty by the government in the year 1829, and covered the front and main portions of farm lots 
 numbered thirty three and thirty-four, of the private land claims at Prairie d\i Chien, and com- 
 prised about one hundred and sixty acres. Fort Crawford was built on this tract in 1829, 1S30 
 and 1 83 1. There was also a reservation of section eighteen, township seven, north of range 
 four west, known as the Cattle Yard. This land was at the mouth of the Kickapoo river, and 
 is now known as the village of Wauzeka. In addition to these lands which were located in Wis- 
 consin, there was a reservation of lands lying on the west side of the Mississippi river, in Iowa. 
 The lands in Wisconsin were relinquished by the secretary of wai, January 10, 1851, and were 
 originally set apart by the president of the United States, February 17, 1843. 
 
 In the month of .\pril, 1857, the secretary of war authorized Hon. H. M. Rice, of Minne- 
 sota, to sell that part of the reservation not improved, in tracts not exceeding forty acres each; 
 and, in the month of June of that year, he sold at auction five hundred and seven acres of the 
 reserve opposite Fort Crawford, none of which was claimed by actual settlers ; and in the month 
 of December, 1857, he sold the remainder to claimants of lands, also on the west side, and the 
 section in Wisconsin known as the Cattle Yard, amounting to i77-iV?r acres. A portion of this 
 reservation was subdivided into town lots, 80 by 140 feet, with streets 66 feet and alleys 20 feet 
 wide November 17, 1864, the acting commissioner of the general land office, by order 
 of the war department, offered for sale at public auction at La Crosse the reservation at Fort 
 Crawford, which had been surveyed and subdivided into town lots, eighty by one hundred and 
 forty feet, with streets sixty-five feet and alleys twenty feet wide, conforming to the plat of tlie 
 village of Prairie du Chien. The lands unsold were subsequently opened to private entry and 
 disposed of 
 
 The lands of the Fort Winnebago reservation were set apart by order of the president, 
 February 9, 1835, and consisted of the following territory: sections two, three, and that part of 
 four lying east of Fox river, and fractional section nine, all in township twelve, north of range 
 nine east , also fractional section thirty-three, in township thirteen, north of range nine east, 
 lying west of Fox river, and the fraction of section four, township twelve north, of range nine 
 east, lying west of claim numbered twenty-one of A. Grignon, and adjacent to Fort Winnebago, 
 reserved by order of the president, July 29, 1851 the whole amounting to about four thousand 
 acres. September the first, 1853, these lands were by order of the president offered for sale 
 at public auction at the fort, by F. H. Masten, assistant quartermaster United States army, 
 having previously been surveyed into forty acre lots, and were purchased by J. B. Martin, G. C. 
 Tallman, W. H. Wells, Wm. Wier, N. H. Wood, M. R. Keegan, and others. 
 
 The first land offices in Wisconsin were established under an act of congress approved 
 June 26, 1834, creating additional land districts in the states of Illinois and Missouri, and in the 
 territory north of the state of Illinois. The first section provides " that all that tract lying north 
 of the state of Illinois, west of Lake Michigan, south and southeast of the Wisconsin and Fox 
 rivers, included in the present territory of Michigan, shall be divided by a north and south line, 
 drawn from the northern boundary of Illinois along the range of township line west of Fort 
 Winnebago to the Wisconsin river, and to be called — the one on the west side, the Wisconsin 
 land district, and that on the east side the Green Bay land district of the territory of Michigan, 
 which two districts shall embrace the country north of said rivers when the Indian title shall be 
 
THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. 223 
 
 extinguished, and the Green Bay district may be divided so as to form two districts, when 
 the president shall deem it proper ;" and by section three of said act, the president was author- 
 ized to appoint a register and receiver for such office, as soon as a sufficient number of townships 
 are surveyed. 
 
 An act of congress, approved June 15, 1836, divided the Green Bay land district, as estab- 
 lished in 1834, " by a line commencing on the western boundary of said district, and running 
 thence east between townships ten and eleven north, to the line between ranges seventeen and 
 eighteen east, thence north between said ranges of townships to the line between townships 
 twelve and thirteen north, thence east between said townships twelve and thirteen to Lake 
 Michigan ; and all the country bounded north by the division line here described, south by the 
 base line, east by Lake Michigan, and west by the division line between ranges eight and nine 
 east," to be constituted a separate district and known as the " Milwaukee land district." It 
 included the present counties of Racine, Kenosha, Rock, Jefferson, Waukesha, Walworth and 
 Milwaukee, and parts of Green, Dane, Washington, Ozaukee, Dodge and Columbia. 
 
 An act was approved March 3, 1847, creating an additional land district in the territory. 
 All that portion of the public lands lying north and west of the following boundaries, formed a 
 district to be known as the Chippewa land district : commencing at the Mississippi river on the 
 line between townships twenty-two and twenty-three north, running thence east along said line 
 to the fourth principal meridian, thence north along said meridian line to the line dividing town- 
 ships twenty-nine and thirty, thence east along such township line to the Wisconsin river, thence up 
 the main channel of said river to the boundary line between the state of Michigan and the territory 
 of Wisconsin. The counties now included in this district are Pepin, Clark, Eau Claire, Dunn, 
 Pierce, St. Croix, Polk, Barron, Burnett, Douglas, Bayfield, Ashland, Taylor, Chippewa, and parts 
 of Buffalo, Trempeleau and Jackson ; also, the new county of Price. 
 
 An act of congress, approved March 2, 1849, changed the location of the land office in the 
 Chippewa district from the falls of St. Croix to Stillwater, in the county of St. Croix, in the 
 proposed territory of Minnesota; and, by section two of the act, an additional land office and 
 district was created, comprising all the lands in Wisconsin not included in the districts of land 
 subject to sale at Green Bay, Milwaukee, or Mineral Point, which was to be known as the Western 
 land district, and the president was authorized to designate the site where the office should be 
 licated. Willow River, now Hudson, was selected. The district was usually known as the St. 
 Croix and Chippewa district, and included St. Croix, La Pointe, and parts of Chippewa and 
 Marathon counties. By an act of congress, approved July 30, 1852, so much of the public lands 
 in Wisconsin as lay within a boundary line commencing at the southwest corner of township 
 fifteen, north of range two east of the fourth principal meridian, thence running due east to the 
 southeast corner of township fifteen, north of range eleven, east of the fourth principal meridian, 
 thence north along such range line to the north line of the state of Wisconsin, thence westwardly 
 along said north line to the line between ranges one and two east of fourth principal meridian, 
 thence south to the place of beginning, were formed into a new district, and known as the 
 Stevens Point land district, and a land office located at that place. 
 
 The boundaries enclosed the present counties of Juneau, Adams, Marquette, Green Lake, 
 Waushara, Waupaca, Portage, Wood, Marathon, Lincoln, Shawano, New and Marinette. The 
 La Crosse land district was formed of the following territory : " Commencing at a point where 
 the line between townships ten and eleven north touches the Mississippi river, thence due east to 
 the fourth principal meridian, thence north to the line between townships fourteen and fifteen 
 north, thence east to the southeast corner of township fifteen north, of range one east of the 
 
224 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSLN 
 
 fourth principal meridian, thence north on the range line to the south line of township number 
 thirty-one north, thence west on the line between townships number thirty and thirty-one to the 
 Chippewa river, thence down said river to its junction with the Mississippi river, thence down 
 said river to the place of beginning." The present counties of Vernon, La Crosse, Monroe, Buf- 
 falo, Trempealeau, Eau Claire, Clark, and parts of Juneau and Chippewa were included in 
 its limits. 
 
 By act of congress, approved February 24, 1855, an additional district was formed of all that 
 portion of the Willow river land district lying north of the line dividing townships forty and 
 forty-one, to be called the Fond du Lac district — the office to be located by the president as he 
 miglit from time to time direct. The present counties of Douglas, Bayfield, Ashland, and part 
 of Burnett were included within its boundaries. 
 
 By an act of congress, approved March 3, 1857, so much of the districts of land subject to 
 sale at La Crosse and Hudson, in the state of Wisconsin, contained in the following boundaries, 
 were constituted a new district, to be known as the Chippewa land district : North of the line 
 dividing townships twenty-four and twenty-five north; south of the line dividing townships forty 
 and forty-one north ; west of the line dividing ranges one and two east ; and east of the line 
 dividing ranges eleven and twelve west. The location of the office was to be designated by the 
 president as the public interest might require. The present counties of Chippewa, Taylor, Eau 
 Claire and Clark were in this district. 
 
 There are at the present time six land offices in the state. They are located at Menasha, 
 Falls of St. Croix, Wausau, La Crosse, Bayfield and Eau Claire. By the provisions of law, when 
 the number of acres of land in any one district is reduced to one hundred thousand acres, sub- 
 ject to private entry, the secretary of the interior is required to discontinue the office, and the 
 lands remaining unsold are transferred to the nearest land office, to be there subject to sale. The 
 power of locating these offices rests with the president (unless otherwise directed by law), who is 
 also authorized to change and re-establish the boundaries of land districts whenever, in his 
 opinion, the public service will be subserved thereby. 
 
 The pre-emption law of 1830 was intended for the benefit of actual settlers against compe- 
 tition in open market with non-resident purchasers. It gave every person who cultivated any 
 part of a quarter section the previous year, and occupied the tract at the date mentioned, the 
 privilege of securing it by payment of the minimum price at any time before the day fixed for 
 the commencement of the public sale. To avail himself of this provision he was to file proof 
 of cultivation and occupancy. As men frequently located claims in advance of the survey, it 
 occasionally happened that two or more would find themselves upon the same quarter section 
 in which case the pre-emption law permitted two joint occupants to divide the quarter section 
 equally between them, whereupon each party received a certificate from the land office, author- 
 izing him to locate an additional eighty acres, elsewhere in the same land district, not interfering 
 with other settlers having the right of preference. This was called a floating right. This pro- 
 vision of the law was ingeniously perverted from its plain purpose in various ways. 
 
 As fast as these evasions came to the notice of the department, all certificates given to 
 occupants of the same quarter section in excess of the two first, or to more than one member of 
 the same family, to employees, to any person who had not paid for eighty acres originally 
 occupied, as (veil as those which were not located at the time of such payment, and the additional 
 tract paid for before the public sale, were held to be worthless or fraudulent ; but a large number 
 of these certificates had been issued, and passed into the hands of speculators and designing 
 men, and were a source of almost endless vexation and annoyance to settlers. The law of 1830 
 
 V 
 
THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. 22?) 
 
 expired by limitation in one year from its passage, but was revived by the law of 1834 for two 
 years. In the interim no settler could obtain his land by pre-emption. The law of 1834 extended 
 only to those who had made cultivation in 1833, consequently the settlers of later date were 
 excluded from its benefits. Meanwhile the fraudulent floats were freely used to dispossess actual 
 settlers as late as 1835. 
 
 The pre-emption law of congress, approved September 4, 1841, provided that every person 
 who should make a settlement in person on public land, and erect a dwelling, should be author- 
 ized to enter a quarter section (one hundred and sixty acres), at the minimum price (one dollar 
 and twenty-five cents per acre), and thus secure the same against competition ; and if any person 
 should settle upon and improve land subject to private entry, he might within thirty days give 
 notice to the register of the land office of his intention to claim the land settled upon, and might 
 within one year upon making proof of his right, enter the land at the minimum price. 
 
 At the public land sales at Mineral Point, held in 1835, all those tracts on which leaa was 
 found, or on which it was supposed to exist, were reserved to the United States, and were leased 
 under certain regulations by the government for a rent of ten per centum of all the lead raised. 
 The quantity of land thus reserved was estimated at one million acres. Considerable difficulty 
 was found in collecting these rents, and subsequently it was abandoned, as the amount 
 expended in collecting exceeded the value of the lead collected. In the period of four years 
 the government suffered a loss of over nineteen thousand dollars. 
 
 The act of congress, approved July 11, 1846, authorized the sale of the reserved mineral 
 lands in Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa, and provided that, after six months' public notice, the lands 
 should not be subject to the rights of pre-emption until after the same had been offered at public 
 sale, when they should be subject to private entry. The law also provided, that, upon satisfac- 
 tory proof being made to the register and receiver of the proper land office, any tract or tracts 
 of land containing a mine or mines of lead ore actually discovered and being worked, would be 
 sold in such legal subdivisions as would include lead mines, and no bid should be received 
 therefor at less than the sum of two dollars and fifty cents per acre, and if such tract or tracts 
 should not be sold at such public sale, at such price, nor should be entered at private sale within 
 twelve months thereafter, the same should be subject to sale as other lands. This act was 
 changed by an act approved March 3, 1847, providing that any one being in possession by 
 actual occupancy of a mine discovered prior to the passage of this act, who should pay the same 
 rents as those who held leases from the secretary of war, should be entitled to purchase the lands 
 prior to the day of sale at five dollars per acre. Mineral lands were to be offered for sale in forty 
 acre pieces, and no bids were to be received less than five dollars per acre, and if not sold they 
 were then to be subject to private entry at the same price. In 1847 or 1848 the reserved mineral 
 lands were sold at public sale at Mineral Point at two dollars and fifty cents per acre, and they 
 were all disposed of at that price. 
 
 Soon after the formation of Wisconsin territory, an act was passed by its legislature, 
 approved January 5, 1838, incorporating the Milwaukee and Rock river canal company, and by 
 an act of congress approved June 18 of the same year, a grant of land was made to aid in the 
 construction of the canal. The grant consisted of the odd-numbered sections on a belt of ten 
 miles in width from Lake Michigan to Rock river, amounting to 139,190 acres. Of those lands 
 43,447 acres were sold at public sale in July, 1839, at the minimum price of two dollars and fifty 
 cents per acre. Work was commenced on the canal at Milwaukee, and the Milwaukee river for 
 a short distance from its outlet was improved by the construction of a dam across the river, 
 which was made available for manufacturing and other purposes. A canal was also built about 
 a mile in length and forty feet wide, leading from it down on the west bank of the river. Much 
 
226 HISTORY <»F WISCONSIN. 
 
 dissatisfaction subsequently arose ; tlie purchasers at this sale, and others occupying these canal 
 and reserved lands felt the injustice of being compelled to pay double price for their lands, and 
 efforts were made to repeal all laws authorizing further sales, and to ask congress to repeal the 
 act making the grant. The legislation on the subject of this grant is voluminous. In 1862 the 
 legislature of the state passed an act to ascertain and settle the liabilities, if any, of Wisconsin 
 and the company, and a board of commissioners was appointed for that purpose. At the session 
 of the legislature in 1863, the committee made a report with a lengthy opinion of the attorney-gen- 
 eral of the state. The views of that officer were, that the company had no valid claims for damages 
 against the state. In this opinion the commissioners concurred. On the 23d of March, 1875, 
 an act was approved by the governor, giving authority to the attorney-general to discharge and 
 release of record any mortgage before executed to the late territory of Wisconsin, given to secure 
 the purchase money or any part thereof of any lands granted by congress to aid in the construc- 
 tion of this canal. The quantity of lands unsold was subsequently made a part of the 500,000 
 acre tract granted by congress for school purposes. It is believed the whole matter is now closed 
 against further legislative enactments. 
 
 The next grant of lands made by congress lor internal improvements in Wisconsin, was one 
 approved August 8, 1846, entitled " an act to grant a certain quantity of land to aid in the 
 improvement of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, and to connect the same by canal." By this act 
 there was granted to Wisconsin on her becoming a state, for improving the navigation of the 
 above-named streams, and constructing the canal to unite the same, a quantity of land equal to 
 one-half of three sections in width on each side of Fox river, and the lakes through which it 
 passes from its mouth to the point where the portage canal should enter the same, and each side 
 of the canal from one stream to the other, reserving the alternate sections to the United States 
 with certain provisions in relation thereto. On the 3d of August, 1854, an act of congress was 
 approved, authorizing the governor of Wisconsin to select the balance of lands to which the state 
 was entitled to under the provisions of the act of 1846, out of any unsold government lands sub- 
 ject to private entry in the state, the quantity to be ascertained upon the principles which gov- 
 erned the final adjustment of the grant to the state of Indiana, for the Wabash and Erie canal, 
 approved May 9, 1848. In the years 1854 and 1855, acts of congress were passed, defining and 
 enlarging the grant. Under the grants of 1846, 1854 and 1855, the number of acres donated for 
 this purpose and certified to the state, was 674,100. 
 
 After the admission of Wisconsin into the Union, by an act of its legislature, approved 
 .\ugjst 8, 1848, a board of public works was created, through which the work of improving the 
 said rivers, by the application thereto of the proceeds of the sale of the lands granted by con- 
 gress, was undertaken by the state. 
 
 It soon became apparent that the moneys realized from the sale of lands were insufficient to 
 meet the obligations of the state issued by its board of public works as they became due ; and 
 in 1853 the work was turned over to the Fox and Wisconsin Improvement company, a corpora- 
 tion created under an act of the legislature of Wisconsin approved July 6, 1853. In 1856, by an 
 act of the legislature of Wisconsin, approved October 3, 1856, the lands granted by congress 
 then unsold were granted by the state, through the said company, to trustees, with power to 
 sell, and to hold the proceeds in trust for the payment of state indebtedness, the completion 
 of the work, thereafter for the payment of bonds issued by the said company, and the balance, if 
 any, for the company itself 
 
 In February, 1866, the trustees, in execution of the powers contained in the deed of trust 
 made to them, and pursuant to a judgment of the circuit court of Fond du Lac county, sold at 
 public sale at Appleton, Wisconsin, the works of improvement and the balance of lands granted 
 
THE PTTBLK' 1)OMAI^^ 227 
 
 by congress then unsold, and applied the proceeds to the purposes expressed in the deed of trust. 
 The proceeds were sufficient to pay in full the expenses of the trust, the then outstanding 
 state indebtedness, and to provide a fund sufficient to complete the work according to the plan 
 specified in the act approved October 3, 1856. 
 
 Under an act of the legislature of Wisconsin ; pproved April 13, 1861, and the acts amend- 
 atory thereof, tlie purchasers at said sale, on the 15th day of August, 1S66, filed their certificate 
 in the office of the secretary of state, and thereby became incorporated as the Green Bay and 
 Mississippi canal company, holding, as such company, the said works of improvement. 
 
 At a subsequent date, under instructions from the engineer department of the United States, 
 the surveys of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers were placed in the charge of General G. K. War- 
 ren, and by act of congress approved July 7, 1S70, the secretary of war was authorized to 
 appoint a board of arbitrators to ascertain how much the government should pay to the suc- 
 cessors of the Improvement company, the Green Bay and Mississippi canal company, for the 
 transfer of all its property and rights; and by a subsequent act, approved June 10, 1872, an 
 appropriation was made therefor. 
 
 The legislation on matters connected with the Fox and Wisconsin river improvement would 
 make a chapter of itself. The work is now in charge of the government, and will be prosecuted 
 to completion in a satii;factory manner. 
 
 On the 29th of May, 1848, an act was approved by the president "to enable the people of 
 Wisconsin territory to form a constitution and state government, and for the admission of such 
 state into the Union," by which certain propositions were to be submitted to the convention 
 which were to be acted upon, and subsequently submitted to the people for their approval. The 
 first constitutional convention was held in October, 1846, and, having framed a constitution, it 
 was submitted to a vote of the people at the election in 1847, and it was rejected. The second 
 convention met December 15, 1847, and, having formed a constitution, it was adopted by the 
 people at the election in 1848. The following are the propositions proposed by congress : 
 
 1. That section sixteen numbered in every township of the public lands of said state, and 
 where such section has been sold or otherwise disposed of, other lands equivalent thereto, and 
 as contiguous as may be, shall be granted to the said state for the use of schools. 
 
 2. That seventy-two sections, or two entire townships, of land set apart and reserved for 
 the use and support of a university by act of congress approved June 12, 1838, are hereby granted 
 and conveyed to the state, to be appropriated solely to the use and support of such university in 
 such manner as the legislature may prescribe. 
 
 3. That ten entire sections of land to be selected and located under the direction of the 
 legislature, in legal subdivisions of not less than one quarter of a section from any of the unap- 
 propriated lands belonging to the United States within the state are granted to the state for 
 completing the public buildings, or for the erection of others at the seat of government, under 
 the direction of the legislature. 
 
 4. That all salt-springs within the state, not exceeding twelve in number, shall be granted to 
 the state, to be selected by the legislature, and when selected, to be used or disposed of on such 
 terms, conditions, and regulations as the legislature shall direct. 
 
 The title to all lands and other property which accrued to the territory of Wisconsin by 
 grant, gift, purchase, forfeiture, escheat, or otherwise, were, by the provisions of the constitution 
 of the state, vested in the state ; and the people of the state, in their right of sovereignty, were 
 declared to possess the ultimate property in and to all lands within its jurisdiction ; and all 
 lands, the title of which shall fail from a defect of heirs, shall revert or escheat to the people. 
 
 The act of congress for the admission of the state into the Union gave formal assent to the 
 
228 HISTORY OF WISCON'SIN. 
 
 grant relative to the Fox and Wisconsin river improvement, and the lands reserved to the United 
 States by said grant, and also the grant to the territory of Wisconsin, for the purpose of aiding 
 in opening a canal to connect the waters of Lake Michigan with those of Rock river, were to be 
 offered for sale at the same minimum price, and subject to the same rights of pre-emption as 
 Other public lands of the United States. 
 
 By the provisions of the state constitution, the secretary of state, the state treasurer and 
 attorney-general, were constituted a board of commissioners for the sale of the school and 
 university lands, and for the investment of the funds arising therefrom. In the year 1850 the 
 commissioners put into market, for the first time, the school lands which had been donated to the 
 state. The total quantity of lands offered was 148,021, 44-100 acres, which sold for the sum of 
 $444,265.19. 
 
 By an act of congress, approved September 4, 1841, there were granted to the state 500,000 
 acres of land, which were, by act of the territorial legislature of 1849, appropriated to the school 
 fund, and the unsold lands of the Milwaukee and Rock river canal company, amounting to about 
 140,000 acres, were to be included as a part of the above grant. These lands, and the sixteenth 
 section of each township, make up the whole of the school lands of the state. The whole 
 number of acres sold up to the year 1877 is 1,243,984 acres, and there remain unsold, subject 
 to entry, 216,016 acres. 
 
 The state university land grant was made in 1838, and seventy-two sections set apart and 
 reserved. The lands were selected in 1845 and 1846. On the 15th of December, 1854, an act 
 of congress was approved, relinquishing to the state the lands reserved for the salt-springs, and 
 seventy-two sections were granted in lieu thereof, in aid of the university of the state The 
 number of acres amounts to 92,160, all of which have been sold except 4,407 acres, which are 
 subject to entry. Under the re-organization and enlargement of the university, under provisions 
 of chapter 114, of general laws of 1866, section thirteen provides, among other things, that the 
 income of a fund to be derived from the sales of the two hundred and forty thousand acres, 
 granted by congress by act approved July 2, 1862, entitled : "An act donating lands to the 
 several states and territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and 
 mechanic arts," be devoted to the state university, and the funds arising therefrom to be known 
 as the " agricultural college fund." All of the grant of lands have been sold except 5 1,635 acres. 
 The quantity of lands donated by act of congress August 6, 1846, for the purpose of completing or 
 erecting public buildings at the seat of government, known as "Capitol Lands," amounted to 
 ten entire sections, or six thousand four hundred acres. A grant of lands was made to the state 
 by act of congress, approved September 28, 1850, of all the swamp and overflowed lands within 
 its limits. The total number of acres of this grant, as certified to the state from the government, 
 to the year 1877, is 1,869,677. 
 
 A grant of land was made by congress, approved March 3, 1863, for the construction of a 
 military road from Fort Wilkins, Michigan, to Fort Howard, Wisconsin, of every alternate 
 section of public lands, designated by even numbers for three sections in width on each side of 
 said road, and subject to the disposal of the legislature. In 1865 sales of land were made to 
 the number of 85,961.89 acres, which realized the sum of $114,856.54. 
 
 An act of congress was approved June 25, 1864, granting lands to the state to build a military 
 road from Wausau, Wisconsin, to Ontonagon, on Lake Superior, of every alternate section of 
 land designated as odd sections, for three sections in width on each side of the road. The grant 
 was accepted by the state by law, approved April 10, 1865. 
 
 An act was also passed by congress, approved April 10, 1866, granting to the state of Wis- 
 consin a donation of public lands to aid in the construction of a breakwater and harbor and ship 
 
THK PUBLIC DOMAIX. 229 
 
 canal at the head of Sturgeon bay, Wis., to connect the waters of Green bay with Lake Michigan. 
 The grant was for 200,000 acres of land. The grant was accepted by the legislature of 1868. 
 In i874,thesamebody by resolution transferred to the Sturgeon bay and Lake Michigan ship canal 
 and harbor company 32,342 acres, and the remaining portion was authorized to be sold for agri- 
 cultural purposes by said company. 
 
 The first railroad grant in Wisconsin was by act of congress, approved June 3, 1856, by the 
 first section of which there was granted to the state, for the purpose of aiding in the construction 
 of a railroad from Madison or Columbus, by the way of Portage City, to the St. Croi.x river or 
 lake, between townships twenty-five and thirty-one, and from thence to the west end of Lake 
 Superior and to Bayfield ; and from Fond du Lac, on Lake Winnebago, northerly to the state line, 
 every alternate section of land designated by odd numbers, for six sections in width on each side 
 of said roads, respectively; the land to be applied e.xclusively in the construction of said roads, 
 and to no other purpose whatever, and subject to the disposal of the legislature, and the same 
 shall remain public highways for the use of the government, free from toll and other charges 
 upon the transportation of property or troops of the United States, with other conditions as to 
 the disposal of said lands. 
 
 The grant was accepted by the legislature by an act approved October 8, 1856, and on the 
 nth of the same month an act was approved granting a portion of the lands to the La Crosse & 
 Mississippi railroad company, who were to carry out all the requirements of the original grant. 
 ,\ supplementary act was approved the same session, October 13, incorporating the Wisconsin & 
 Superior railroad, which company was required to commence the construction of their road on 
 or before January i, 1S57, and to complete the same to Oshkosh before August i, 1858. Of this 
 land grant John W. Gary says : " That portion of the grant given to aid in the construction of 
 a railroad northerly to the state line was conferred on the Wisconsin & Superior railroad company. 
 This company was organized in the interest of the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac railroad 
 company, and that part of the grant was transferred to it. The road was, in 1859, extended to 
 Oshkosh, and thence to Menasha, and finally to Green Bay. In the panic of 1857, the company 
 failed to meet its obligations, but was afterward enabled to go on, and continued in possession 
 imtil June 2, 1859, when its road was sold on the foreclosures of the mortgages given thereon ; 
 and on the sixth of the same month the present Chicago & Northwestern railroad company was 
 organized under the statute, by purchasers at said sale, and took possession." 
 
 A large portion of the original grant was given for the construction of a road from Madisoa 
 or Columbus to the St. Croix river, as before stated. The La Crosse company, during the years 
 1857 and 1858, completed its main line to La Crosse; the Watertown line, from Watertown to 
 Columbus, and partially graded the line from Madison to Portage City. Neither it nor its suc- 
 cessors ever received any part of the lands of the land grant. 
 
 In 1856 and 1857, the La Crosse & Milwaukee railroad graded most of the line from Madi- 
 son to Portage. After the failure of the company, this line was abandoned, and so remained 
 until 1870, when a new company was organized, under the name of the Madison & Portage City 
 railroad company. In 1873, an act was passed chartering the Tomah & Lake St. Croix railroad 
 company, and repealing and annulling that portion of the land grant which bestowed the lands 
 from Tomah to Lake St. Croix upon the La Crosse company, and bestowing the same upon the 
 company chartered by this act. This road is known as the West Wisconsin railroad. 
 
 An act of congress was approved May 5, 1864, granting lands to aid in the construction of 
 certain roads in the state. This was a re-enactment of the law of 1856, and divided the grant 
 in three sections, one of which was for a road from a point on the St. Croix river or lake, between 
 
230 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 townships twenty- five and thirty-one, to the west end of Lake Superior, and from some point on 
 the line of said road, to be selected by the state, to Bayfield — every alternate section designated 
 by odd numbers, for ten sections in width on each side of said road, with an indemnity extending 
 twenty miles on each side, was granted, under certain regulations ; another, for aiding in building 
 a road from Tomah to the St. Croix river, between townships twenty-five and thirty-one — every 
 alternate section by odd numbers, for ten sections in width on each side of the road ; another 
 for aiding and constructing a railroad from Portage City, Berlin, Doty's Island, or Fond du Lac, 
 as the legislature may determine, in a northwestern direction, to Bayfield, on Lake Superior, and 
 a grant of every alternate section designated by odd numbers, for ten sections in width on each 
 side of said road, was donated. 
 
 The legislature of 1865 failed to agree upon a disposition of the grant. The succeeding 
 legislature conferred the grant partly upon the " Winnebago & Lake Superior Railroad Company," 
 and partly upon the " Portage & Superior Railroad Company," the former April 6, 1866, and the 
 latter April 9, t866. The two companies were consolidated, under the name of the "Portage, 
 Winnebago & Superior Railroad," by act of the legislature, March 6, 1869, and by act of legis- 
 lature approved February 4, 1871, the name was changed to the "Wisconsin Central Railroad." 
 
 HEALTH OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 By JOSEPH HOBBINS, M.D. 
 
 An article on state health, necessarily embracing the etiology, or causes of disease, involves 
 the discussion of the geographical position of the state; its area, physical features; its elevations, 
 depressions; water supply; drainage; its mean level above the sea; its geology; climatology; 
 the nationality of its people; their occupations, habits, food, education; and, indeed, of all the 
 physical, moral and mental influences which affect the public health. 
 
 Geographical Position. 
 
 The geographical position of Wisconsin, considered in relation to health, conveys an imme- 
 diate and favorable impression, which is at once confirmed by a reference to the statistical atlas 
 of the United States. On its north it is bounded by Lake Superior, Minnesota, and the northern 
 peninsula of Michigan; on the south by Illinois; on the east by Lake Michigan, and on the 
 west by the Mississippi. It lies between 42° 30' and 46° 55' N. latitude, and between 87° and 
 92° 50' W. long.; is 285 miles long from north to south, and 255 in breadth from east to west, 
 giving it an area of some 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Its natural surface divisions, 
 or proportions, are 16 per cent, of prairie, 50 of timber, 19 of openings, 15 of marsh, mineral 
 undefined. North of 45° tlie surface is nearly covered with vast forests of pine. The proportion 
 of the state cultivated is nearly one-sixth. 
 
 Physical Features. 
 
 Among these, its lacustrine character is most conspicuous, so much so that it may not inaptly 
 be called the state of a thousand lakes, its smaller ones being almost universal and innumerable. 
 
HEALTH (»K WISCONSIN. 231 
 
 It has an almost artificially perfect arrangement of its larger rivers, both for supply and drainage, 
 is rolling in its surface, having several dividing ridges or water sheds, and varies from 600 to 1,600 
 feet above the level of the sea, Blue Mounds being 1,729 feet above sea level. Its pine and 
 thickly wooded lands are being rapidly denuded, and to some extent converted to agricultural 
 purposes ; its marshes in the north are being reclaimed for cranberry cultivation, and in the more 
 thickly settled parts of the state for hay purposes. The surface of the state is beautifully diver- 
 sified with stream, waterfall and rapids ; richly wooded bluffs several hundred feet in height, 
 assuming the most romantic and pleasing forms, and composed of sandstone, magnesian 
 limestone, granite, trap, etc. The health and summer resorts of Wisconsin are illustrative of its 
 beauty, and its numerous mineral springs have long since formed an important feature of its 
 character for salubrity. 
 
 Geology. 
 
 The geology of Wisconsin does not require from us but a very general notice, as it is only 
 from its relation to disease that we have to consider it. This relation is in a measure apparent 
 in the fact that everywhere the topographical features are governed by the strata below them. 
 The relationship will be seen still further in the chemical or sanitary influence of the geological 
 structures. Through the greater part of the south half of the state limestone is found, the cliff 
 prevailing in the mineral region, and the blue in the other parts ; while in the north part of the 
 state the primitive rocks, granite, slate, and sandstone prevail. South of the Wisconsin river 
 sandstone in layers of limestone, forming the most picturesque bluffs, abounds. While west of 
 Lake Michigan extends up to these rocks the limestone formation, being rich in timber or prairie 
 land. Sandstone is found underneath the blue limestone. The general dip of the stratified 
 rocks of the state is toward the south, about 8 feet to the mile. 
 
 Medical geology treats of geology so far only as it affects health. Thus, some diluvial soils 
 and sands are known to be productive of malarial fevers; others, of a clayey character, retaining 
 water, are productive of cold damp, and give rise to pulmonary and inflammatory diseases ; 
 while others still, being very porous, are promotive of a dry and equable atmosphere. In 
 the Potsdam rocks arise our purest waters and best supply, while our magnesian limestone rocks 
 (a good quality of this kind of rock being composed of nearly equal parts of carbonate of lime 
 and carbonate of magnesia) affect the water to the extent of producing simple diarrhoea in those 
 unaccustomed to drinking it, as is observed in southern visitors, and was especially noticeable 
 in the rebel prisoners at Camp Randall, though singularly enough do not seem to produce 
 stone and gravel, as is alleged of the same kind of water in the north of England. Why this is 
 so — if so — is a question of some interest. Goitre and cretinism are both attributed to the use 
 of the same magnesian limestone water. Goitre is by no means an uncommon affection here, 
 but not common enough, perhaps, to warrant us in thinking its special cause is in the water. 
 Boiling the water is a preventive of all injurious effects. There is still another objection — partic- 
 ularly applicable to cities — to this kind of water, the carbonates of lime and magnesia which 
 it contains, not simply making it hard, but giving it the power to promote the decomposition of 
 organic matters, and thus where the soil is sandy or porous, endangering the purity of our well- 
 water. Geology in general affects all our soils and their products; all our drainage; even our 
 architecture, the material with which we build. Our building stone for half of the state is a 
 magnesian limestone, a rather soft or poor quality of which will absorb one-third of its bulk of 
 water, or two and a half gallons to the cubic foot, while most kinds of sandstone are nearly as 
 porous as loose sand, and in some of them the penetrability for air and water is the same. (.\ 
 single brick of poor quality will absorb a pint of water). Such materials used in the construction 
 
232 IIISTOUV OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 of our dwellings, without precautionary measures, give rise to rheumatism, other grave diseases, 
 and loss of strength. Besides, this character of stone absorbs readily all kinds of liquid and 
 gaseous impurities, and though hardening in dry air, decays soon when exposed to underground 
 moisture. The material of which our roads are made, as well as the kind of fuel we use in our 
 homes, have the same unquestionable relationship to geology and disease. 
 
 Drainage. 
 
 The natural drainage of the state, bearing in mind that the mean elevation of its hydro- 
 graphical axis is about i,ooo feet above the sea level, is as excellent as it is obvious. (A line 
 running from Lake Michigan across the state to the Mississippi, shows an elevation of about 500 
 feet). North its drainage is by a few rapid but insignificant streams into Lake Superior, while 
 east it increases greatly and enters Lake Michigan by way of Green bay. The principal part of 
 the supply and drainage, however, is from the extreme north to the southwest through the center 
 of the state, by five large rivers, which empty themselves into the Mississippi at almost equal 
 distances from each other. 
 
 Climatology. , 
 
 The climatologv of Wisconsin will be exhibited in the observations taken at different times, 
 for longer or shorter periods, and at different points of the state. But it must be borne in mind 
 that climate depends quite as much and very frequently more upon the physical surroundings, 
 upon the presence of large bodies of water, like our lakes, upon large forests, like our pineries, 
 like our heavy hard-woods, and of land elevations and depressions, upon isothermal lines, etc., as 
 it does upon latitude. Our historic period is of a character too brief for us to assume to speak 
 of our climate, or of all the changing causes which influence it — in a positive manner, our 
 horticultural writers, to make the difficulty still greater, affirming that it has several climates unlhin 
 itself; still, sufficient data have been gathered from sufficiently reliable sources to enable us to 
 form a tolerably accurate idea of the subject. 
 
 The great modifiers of our climate are our lakes. These, bounding as they do, the one, 
 Lake Superior (600 feet above the level of the sea, 420 miles long and 160 broad), on the north 
 side of the state, and the other. Lake Michigan (578 feet above the sea level, 320 miles long and 
 84 broad), on the east side of the state, serve to govern the range of the thermometer and the 
 mean temperature of the seasons, as much as they are governed in New England by the ocean. 
 Our climate is consequently very much like that of the New England sea-board. They both 
 exhibit the same extremes and great extremes, have the same broadly marked continental features 
 at some seasons, and decided tropical features at others. It is of special interest in this con- 
 nection to know that the climate between the eastern coast and the lakes increases in rigor as 
 one advances west until the lakes are reached, and again becomes still more rigorous as one 
 advances into the interior west of the lakes, thus affording proof, if proof were wanting, of the 
 modifying and agreeable influences of large bodies of water 
 
 During the winter the mean temperature of the east on the New England coast is 8.38 
 higher than the west (beyond the lakes) ; during the spring 3.53 lower ; during the summer 6.99 
 lower; and during the autumn 1.54 higher. In the mean temperature for the year there is but a 
 fractional difference. That the winters are less rigorous and the summers more temperate on 
 the Great Lakes is demonstrated to be owing not to elevation, but, as on the ocean, to the equal- 
 izing agency of an expanse of water. 
 
 On the lakes the annual ratio of fair days is 117, and on the New England coast 215 ; the 
 
HEALTH OF WISCONSIK. 238 
 
 cloudy days are as 127 to 73; the rainy as 63 to 46 , and the snowy as 45 to 29 , In the former 
 the prevailing weather is cloudy, and in the latter it is fair. The immense forests on the upper 
 lake shores of course exercise a considerable influence in the modification of our temperature, as 
 well as in the adding to our rain-fall and cloudy days. A climate of this character, with its 
 attendant rains, gives us that with which we are so abundantly supplied, great variety of food, 
 both for man and beast, the choicest kinds of fruits and vegetables m the greatest profusion, and 
 of the best quality, streams alive with fish, woods and prairies with game, the noblest trees, the 
 most exquisite flowers, and the best breeds of domestic animals the world can boast of. 
 
 The semi-tropical character of our summer, and its resemblance to that of New England, is 
 shown by the mean temperature — 70" — for three months at Salem, Massachusetts, at Albany, 
 New York, at southern Wisconsin, Fort Snelling and Fort Benton on the Upper Missouri, being 
 the same ; while at Baltimore, Cincinnati and St. Louis, it is 75", and around the gulf of Mexico 
 it is 80°. Another feature of our climate is worthy the notice of invalids and of those who make 
 the thennometer their guide for r.omfoit. It is a well-ascertained fact that during the colder 
 seasons the lake country is not only relatively, but positively, warmer than places far south of it. 
 The thermometer, during the severe cold of January, 1856, did not fall so low at the coldest, by 
 10' to 15° at Lake Superior as at Chicago at the same time. This remark holds true of the 
 changes of all periods of duration, even if continued over a month. The mean temperature at 
 Fort Howard, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 600 feet above the level of the Atlantic, latitude 44° 40', 
 longitude 87°, observations for nine years, is 44.93; and at Fort Crawford, Prairie du Chien, 
 Wisconsin, 580 feet above the level of the Atlantic, latitude 43" 3', longitude 90" 53', observa- 
 tions for four years, is 45.65, giving a just idea of our mean temperature for the state. Under 
 the head of distribution of heat in winter, it is found that the maximum winter range at Fort 
 Winnebago, Wisconsin, for sixteen years, is 9.4. 
 
 Hyetal or Rain Character. 
 
 Wisconsin is situated within what is termed the area of constant precipitation, neither affected 
 by a rainy season, nor by a partial dry season. The annual quantity of rain on an average for 
 three years at Fort Crawford, was 29.54 inches, and at Fort Howard the mean annual on an 
 average of four years, was 38.83 inches. The annual quantity of rain, on an average of three 
 years was 31. 88 inches at Fort Winnebago, situate (opposite the portage between the Fox and 
 Wisconsin rivers) 80 miles west of Lake Michigan and 112 miles southwest of Green Bay. The 
 rain-fall is less in the lake district than in the valley of the Mississippi in the same latitudes. 
 One of the peculiarities of our winters is the almost periodical rain-fall of a few days in the 
 middle of the winter (usually in the middle of January), which extends to the Atlantic coast, 
 while north and northwest of us the dry cold continues without a break, winter being uniform and 
 severe, characterized by aridity and steady low temperature. Another peculiarity of our climate 
 is, the number of snowy and rainy days is increased disproportionately to the actual quantity — • 
 the large bodies of water on the boundaries of the state, contrary to the popular opinion, reduc- 
 ing the annual quantity of rain in their immediate vicinity instead of adding to it, the heavier 
 precipitation being carried further away. One of the most pleasing features of our climate is its 
 frequent succession of showers in summer, tempering as it does our semi-tropical heat, increasing 
 the fertility of the soil, and carpeting our prairies with a green as grateful to the eye as that of 
 England. 
 
 The hygrometric condition of Wisconsin may be judged of with proximate accuracy by that 
 given of Poultney, Iowa : 
 
234 
 
 HISTORY OF AVISCOXSIN 
 
 Dav Temperature 
 •'■ of Air. 
 
 ) 
 
 Temperature 
 uf Evaporat'ii 
 
 Humidity, 
 per cent. 
 
 Day. 
 
 Temperature 
 of Air. 
 
 Temperature 
 of Evaporat'n 
 
 Humidity, 
 per cent. 
 
 loth 
 
 II 
 
 12 
 
 13--- 
 
 14 -- 
 
 92° 
 87 
 92 
 96 
 
 93 
 
 78° 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 81 
 
 78 
 
 51 
 
 55 
 48 
 50 
 44 
 
 19th 
 
 20 ,. 
 
 21. _ 
 
 29 ---■ 
 
 30 - 
 
 94° 
 97 
 96 
 81 
 
 84 ■ 
 
 81° 
 
 81 
 
 80 
 
 72 
 
 71 
 
 55 
 48 
 
 47 
 63 
 50 
 
 The average depth of snow for three years, at Belolt, Wisconsin, was twenty-five inches, 
 while at Oxford county, Maine, the average for twelve years was ninety inches. The isohyetal 
 lines of the mean precipitation of rain and melted snow, for the year 1872, show that of Wiscon- 
 sin to be thirty-two. 
 
 Isotherms. 
 
 The mean tempi,iature of spring is represented by the isotherm of 45" F. which enters Wis- 
 consin from the west about forty miles south of Hudson, passing in a nearly southeast direction, 
 and crosses the south line of the slate near the west line of Walworth county. It then passes nearly 
 around the head of Lake Michigan, then northeast until it reaches the latitude of Milwaukee, 
 whence it passes in a somewhat irregular course east through Ontario, New York, and Massa- 
 chusetts, entering the ocean in the vicinity of Boston. The summer mean isotherm of 70° F. 
 enters Wisconsin from the west but little farther north than the spring isotherm, and passes 
 through the state nearly parallel with the course of that line, crossing the southern boundary 
 near the east line of Walworth county ; passing through Chicago it goes in a direction a little 
 south of east, and enters the Atlantic at New Haven. The mean isotherm of 47" F. for autumn, 
 enters the state about twenty miles north of Prairie du Chien, passing in a direction a little north 
 of east through Portage, and enters Lake Michigan near Manitowoc. The isotherm of 20° F. 
 representing the mean temperature of winter, enters the state near Prairie du Chien, passes east 
 and north and enters Lake Michigan at Sturgeon bay. The annual mean temperature is repre- 
 sented by the isotherm of 45° F. which enters the state near Prairie du Chien, passes across the 
 State in a direction a little south of east, and enters Lake Michigan a little south of Milwaukee. 
 
 What influence these isotherms have upon our belts of disease there are no data to show. 
 But from their influence upon vegetable life, one can not but infer a similar good influence on 
 the animal economy. This is a question for the future. 
 
 Barometrical. 
 
 . as observed at the Universitv 
 
 if Wisconsin, altitude 
 
 1873 28.892 inches. 
 
 1S74 _28.867 '■ 
 
 1875 -.28.750 " 
 
 1876 28.920 " 
 
 Yearly mean of barometer at 32° F. 
 1,088 feet above the sea : 
 
 1 86g 28.932 inches. 
 
 1S70 28.867 
 
 1871 28.9S6 
 
 1872 28. 898 
 
 Atmospheric pressure, as indicated by the barometer, is an important element in the causation 
 of disease, far more so than is generally thought. The barometer indicates not only the coming 
 of the storm, but that state of the atmosphere which gives rise to health at one time, and to 
 disease at another. When the barometer is high, both the body and mind have a feeling of 
 elasticity, of vigor and activity, and when the barometer ranges low, the feelings ol both are just 
 the reverse ; and both of these states, commonly attributed to temperature, are mostly the result 
 of change in the barometric pressure. Many inflammations, as of the lungs, etc., commonly 
 
HKALTH OF AVISCONSIN. 235 
 
 attributed to change in the temperature, have their origin in barometriral vicissitudes. 
 
 Winds. 
 
 tjenerally speaking, the atmospheric movement is from the west. It is of little purpose 
 what the surface wind may be, as this does not affect the fact of the constancy of the westerly 
 winds in the middle latitudes. The showers and cumulus clouds of the summer always have this 
 movement. The belt of westerly winds is the belt of constant and equally distributed rains, the 
 feature of our winds u]5on which so much of our health and comfort depends. 
 
 ('limatological Chaniiks iROM Settling the State. 
 
 There are many theories afloat concerning the eflfects of reclaiming the soil and the destruc- 
 tion of its forests. To us, a new people and a new state, the question is one of great moment, 
 the more so that it is still in our power not only to watch the eflects of such changes, but still 
 more so to control them in a measure for our good. As to the effects upon animal and vegetable 
 life, it would appear that so far as relates to the clearing away of forests, the whole change of 
 conditions is limited to the surface, and dependent for the most part on the retention and slow 
 evaporation in the forest, in contrast with the rapid drainage and evaporation in the open space. 
 The springs, diminishing in number and volume in our more settled parts of the state, do not 
 indicate a lessening rain-fall. It is a well ascertained fact that in other places so denuded, which 
 have been allowed to cover themselves again with forests, the springs reappear, and the streams 
 are as full as before such denudation. With us, happily, while the destruction of forests is going 
 on in various parts of the state, their second growth \% also going on, both in the pineries, where 
 new varieties of hard-wood take the place of the pine, and in the more cultivated parts of the 
 state, cultivation forbidding, as it does, the jiractice so much in vogue some years ago, of running 
 fires through the undergrowth. Thus, though the renewal of forests may not be keeping pace 
 with their destruction, it would seem clear that as time advances, the springs and streams in the 
 more cultivated sections of the state will fill and flow again, increasing in proportion as the second 
 growth increases and expands. 
 
 The change, however, from denudation, though strictly limited tu the surface, affects the 
 surface in other ways than simply in the retention and evaporation of rain. When the winter 
 winds are blowing, the want of the sheltering protection of belts of trees is bitterly felt, both by 
 man and beast. And so, too, in the almost tropical heats of the summer ; both languish and suffer 
 from the want of shade. Nor is the efi"ect of denudation less sensibly felt by vegetable life. The 
 growing of our more delicate fruits, like the peach, the plum, the pear, the better varieties of the 
 cherry and gooseberry, with the beautiful half-hardy flowering shrubs, all of which flourished so 
 well in a number of our older counties some twenty years ago, areas a rule no longer to be found 
 in those localities, having died out, as is believed, from exposure to the cold winds, to the south 
 west winds in particular, and for want of the protecting influence of the woods. In fruits, how 
 ever, we have this compensation, that, while the more tender varieties have been disappearing, 
 the hardier and equally good varieties, especially of apples, have been increasing, while the 
 grape (than which nothing speaks better for climatology), of which we grow some 150 varieties, 
 the strawberry, the raspberry, blackberry and currant, etc., hold their ground. Nor are the cattle 
 suflfering as much as formerly, or as much as is perhaps popularly believed, from this want of 
 forests or tree shelter. With the better breeds which our farmers have been able of late years to 
 purchase, with better blood and better food, and better care, our stock instead of dwindling in 
 condition, or in number, from the effect of cold, has progressed in quality and quantity, and 
 competes with the best in the Chicago and the New York markets. 
 
236 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 There can, however, be no doubt that the planting of groves and belts of trees in exposed 
 localities, would be serviceable in many ways ; in tempering the air and imparting to it an 
 agreeable moisture in the summer; in modifying the severity of the cold in winter ; in moderating 
 the extreme changes to which our fclimate is subject; and thus in a measure preventing those 
 discomforts and diseases which occur from sudden changes of temperature. Besides, these 
 plantings, when made between our homes or villages and malarial marshes souihwtsi of us, serve 
 (by the aid of our prevailing southwest winds) to break up, to send over and above and beyond 
 us the malarial substratum of air to which we are otherwise injuriously exposed. 
 
 The effects of reclaiming the soil, or "breaking " as it is called in the west, have, years ago, 
 when the state first began to be settled, been disastrous to health and to life. The moist sod 
 being turned over in hot weather, and left to undergo through the summer a putrifying fomen- 
 tative process, gave rise to the worst kind of malarial, typhoid (bilious) and dysenteric disease. 
 Not, however, that the virulence or mortality altogether depended upon the soil emanations. 
 These were undoubtedly aggravated by the absolute poverty of the early settlers, who were 
 wanting in everything, in proper homes, proper food and proper medical attendance, medicines 
 and nursing. These fevers have swept the state years ago, particularly in the autumns of 1844 
 and 1845, but are now only observed from time to time in limited localities, following in the 
 autumn the summer's " breaking." But it is pleasing to be able to add that through the advancing 
 prosperity of the state, the greater abundance of the necessaries and comforts of life, and the 
 facilities for obtaining medical care, the diseases incident to " settling " are much less common 
 and much less fatal than formerly. 
 
 Relations of Climatology to .Sanitary Status. 
 
 One of the principal reasons for gathering climatological observations, is to obtain sanitary 
 information, which serves to show us where man may live with the greatest safety to his health. 
 Every country, we might perhaps correctly say every state, has, if not its peculiar diseases, at 
 least its peculiar type of diseases. And by nothing is either this type or variety of disease so 
 much influenced as by climate. Hence the great importance of the study of climatology to 
 health and disease, nay, even to the kind of medicine and to the regulating of the dose to be 
 given. It is, however, best to caution the reader that these meteorological observations are not 
 always made at points where they would most accurately show the salubrity of a geographical 
 district, by reason of the fact that the positions were chosen not for this special purpose, but 
 for purely military purposes. We allude to the forts of Wisconsin, from which our statistics for 
 the most part come. Another caution it is also well to bear in mind in looking over the class of 
 diseases reported at these stations in connection with their observations. The diseases are those 
 of the military of the period, a class from which no very favorable health reports could be 
 expected, considering their habits, exposure, and the influences incidental to frontier life. 
 
 The geography of disease and climate is of special interest to the public, and a knowledge 
 especially necessary to the state authorities, as it is only by such a knowledge that state legis- 
 lation can possibly restrain or root out the endemic diseases of the state. In connection with 
 the gathering of vital statistics must go the collection of meteorological and topographical 
 statistics, as without these two latter the former is comparatively useless for sanitary purposes. 
 More particularly does this apply to the malarial diseases of the state. 
 
 Acclimation is very rarely discussed or even alluded to by our people in relation to Wisconsin, 
 for the reason that, come from whatever part of Europe men may, or from the eastern states, 
 acclimation is acquired for the most part unconsciously, rarely attended by any malarial affection, 
 unless by exposure in such low, moist localities, where even the natives of the state could not 
 
HEALTH OF WISCONSIN. 237 
 
 live with impunity. It seems to be well enough established that where malaria exists, whether 
 in London, New York, or Wisconsin ; where the causes of malarial disease are permanent, the 
 effects are permanent, and that there is no positive acclimation to malaria. Hence it should 
 follow that since life and malaria are irreconcilable, we should root out the enemy, as we readily 
 can by drainage and cultivation, or, where drainage is impossible, by the planting of those shrubs 
 or trees which are found to thrive best, and thereby prove the best evaporators in such localities. 
 Our climate, approximating as it does the 45th degree (being equi-distant from the equator and 
 pole), would a priori be a common ground of compromise and safety, and from this geographical 
 position is not liable to objections existing either north or south of us. 
 
 Infuienck of Nationalitiks. 
 
 Our population is of such a confessedly heterogeneous character that naturally enough it 
 suggests the question : Has this intermingling of different nationalities sensibly affected our 
 health conditions .' Certainly not, so far as intermarriages between the nations of the Caucasian 
 race are concerned. This opinion is given first upon the fact that our classes of diseases have 
 neither changed nor increased in their intensity by reason of such admixture, so far as can be 
 learned by the statistics or the history of disease in the northwest. Imported cases of disease are 
 of course excepted. Second, because all that we can gather from statistics and history concern- 
 ing such intermingling of blood goes to prove that it is beneficial in every respect, physically, 
 mentally and morally. 
 
 England, of all nations, is said to be the best illustration of the good attending an 
 intermingling of the blood of different nations, for the reason that the English character is 
 supposed to be, comparatively speaking, good, and that of all countries she has been perhaps 
 more frequently invaded, and to a greater or less part settled by foreign peoples than any other. 
 
 From a residence of nearly a quarter of a century in the center of Wisconsin, and from an 
 adequate knowledge of its people, whose nationalities are so various and whose intermarriages 
 are so common, it is at least presumable that we should have heard of or noted any peculiar or 
 injurious results, had any such occurred. None such, however, have been observed. Some fears 
 have been expressed concerning the influence of Celtic blood upon the American temperament, 
 already too nervous, as is alleged. It is scarcely necessary to say that these fears are unsupported 
 by figures or facts. Reasoning from analogy, it would seem safe to affirm that the general inter- 
 mingling by intermarriage now going on in our population, confined to the Caucasian nationali- 
 ties, will tend to preserve the good old Anglo-Saxon character, rather than to create any new char- 
 acter for our people. If this view needed support or confirmation, it is to be found in some very 
 interesting truths in relation to it. Mr. Edwin Seguin, in his work on Idiocy, lays special stress 
 on the influences of races in regard to idiocy and other infirmities, like deafness. He says that 
 the crossing of races, which contributed to the elimination of some vices of the blood (as may be 
 the case in the United States, where there are proportionally less deaf and dumb than in Europe), 
 produces a favorable effect on the health of the population, and cites as an example, Belgium, which 
 has fewer deaf and dumb than any country in Europe, owing to the influence of the crossing of 
 races in past ages from the crowds of northern tribes passing, mingling and partly settling there 
 on the way to England. 
 
 We are aware that it has been predicted that our future will give us a new lype, distinct from 
 all other peoples, and that with this type must come not only new diseases but modifications or 
 aggravations of the present diseases, in particular, consumption and insanity. But so long 
 as we are in a formative state as a nation, and that this state seems likely to continue so long as 
 the country has lands to be occupied and there are people in Europe to occupy them, such spec- 
 ulations can be but of little value. 
 
238 HISTOKV OF "WISCONSIN 
 
 Occupations, Food, Education, etc., as affecting Public Health. 
 
 The two chief factors of the social and sanitary well-being of a peoj)le are a proper educa- 
 tion of the man and a proper cultivation of the soil. ( )ur two principal occupations in Wisconsin 
 are education and agriculture, the learners in the schools being in excess of the laborers on the 
 soil. A happier combination could scarcely be desired, to form an intelligent and a healthy 
 people. How this will affect our habits in the future it is easy to conceive, but for the present it 
 may be said (of so many different nationalities are we composed), that we have no habits which 
 serve to distinguish us from the people of other northwestern states. A well-fed and a well-taught 
 people, no matter how mixed its origin, must sooner or later become homogeneous and a maker 
 of customs. In the mean time we can only speak of our habits as those of a people in general 
 having an abundance of food, though it is to be wished the workers ate more beef and mutton, 
 and less salt-pork, and that whisky was less plentiful in the land. The clothing is sufficient, 
 fuel is cheap, and the dwellings comfortable. Upon the whole, the habits of the people are 
 conducive to health. It is thought unnecessary to refer to the influence upon health in general 
 of other occupations, for the reason that manufacturers, traders and transporters are for the most 
 part localized, and perhaps not sufficiently numerous to e.xercise any marked influence on the 
 State health. 
 
 History of Disease. 
 
 In searching for historical data of disease in Wiscorisin, we are able to go back to tne year 
 1766, commencing with the aborigines. The Indians, says Carver, in his chapter on their diseases, 
 in general are healthy and subject to few diseases. Consumption from fatigue and exposure he 
 notices, but adds that the disorder to which they are most subject is pleurisy. They are like- 
 wise afflicted with dropsy and paralytic complaints. It is to be presumed that while Carver is 
 speaking generally, he means his remarks to apply, perhaps, more particularly to those Indians 
 with whom he lived so long, the Sioux of this state. That they were subject to fevers is gathered 
 from the use of their remedies for fever, the " fever bush " being an ancient Indian remedy, and 
 equally valued by the inhabitants of the interior parts of the colonies. Besides this, they had 
 their remedies for complaints of the bowels, and for all inflammatory complaints. These notices 
 sufficiently indicate the class of diseases which have certainly followed in the wake of the Indi- 
 ans, and are still occurring to his white brother, making it plain enough that lung diseases, bowel 
 complaints, and fevers are in fact native to the state. The fact must not be ignored that the 
 Indian is subject to the same diseases as the human race in general. 
 
 After Carver, we may quote Major Long's expedition in 1824. The principal disease of the 
 Sacs appears to be a mortification of the intestinal canal, more common among men than women, 
 the disease proving fatal in four days if not relieved. It is unaccompanied with pain, and is neither 
 hernia, dysentery, nor hemorrhoids. Intermittents were prevalent, and the small-pox visited 
 them at different periods. As the Chippewas have a common Algonquin origin with the Sacs, 
 and as their home and customs were the same, it may be expected that their diseases were simi- 
 lar. The principal disease to which the Chippewas are liable is consumption of the lungs, 
 generally affecting them between the ages of 30 and 40; they linger along for a year or two, but 
 always fall victims to it. Many of them die of a bowel complaint which prevails every year. 
 This disease does not partake, however, of the nature of dysentery. They are frequently affected 
 with sore eyes. Blindness is not common. Many of them become deaf at an early age. 
 
 Referring to the report of the commissioner of Indian affairs for 1854, we find that the 
 decrease in the number of the Menomonees is accounted for by the ravages of small-pox, in 1838, 
 
HEALTH OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 239 
 
 of the cholera, in 1847 (which latter was superinduced by misery and starvation), and by the 
 fever, which from time to time, commonly in the winter, has been raging among them, being 
 clearly the consequence of want of provisions and other necessaries. The report for 1850 says, 
 there has been considerable sickness among the Winnebagoes for several months past ; dysentery 
 has been the prevalent disease, confined mostly to children. For 1857 : the Winnebagoes have 
 suffered considerably from chronic diseases, scrofula and consumption. For 1859: the chief 
 malady among the Winnebagoes is phthisis pulmonalis and its analogous diseases, having its 
 source in hereditary origin. Some of the malignant diseases are occasionally met with among 
 them, and intermittent and remittent fevers. In 1863 : of the Menomonees, there is a large 
 mortality list of the tribes under my charge. Measles and some of the more common eruptive 
 diseases are the causes. But the most common and most fatal disease which affects the Indians 
 at this agency is pneumonia, generally of an acute character. There is but little tubercular 
 disease to be found in any of these tribes, Menomonees, Stockbridges, Oneidas, etc. In the 
 report for 1865, one can not but notice with some regret the absence of all allusion, except to 
 small-pox, to the diseases of the Indians. Regret, because reliable information of such diseases 
 serves a variety of valuable purposes, for comparison, confirmation, etc., of those of the white 
 population. For these reasons, if for none other, it is to be hoped that the attention of the 
 proper authorities will be called to this feature of such reports. 
 
 The first reliable report on the diseases of the people (as distinguished from the Indians) of 
 Wisconsin to which we have had access, is Lawson's Army Report of Registered Diseases, for 10 
 years, commencing 1829, and ending 1838 (ten years before the admission of Wisconsin into the 
 Union as a state). 
 
 FORT HOWARD, GREEN BAY. 
 
 Intermittent fever 30 
 
 Remittent do _ 11 
 
 Synochal do _ _ 4 
 
 Typhus do 
 
 Diseases of respiratory organs loi 
 
 Diseases of digestive organs 184 
 
 Diseases of brain and nervous system g 
 
 Dropsies I 
 
 Rheumatic affections 61 
 
 This abstract exhibits the second quar- 
 ters only, the mean strength being 
 1,702. 
 
 All other diseases 114, excepting vene- 
 real diseases, abcesses, wounds, ul- 
 cers, injuries, and ebriety cases. 
 
 Under the class of diseases of the respiratory organs, are comprised 384 catarrh, 6 pneu- 
 monia, 60 pleuritis, and 28 phthisis pulmonalis; under the class of digestive organs, 376 diar- 
 rhoea and dysentery, 184 colic and cholera, and 10 hepatitis; under the class of diseases of 
 the brain and nervous system, 15 epilepsy, etc. The deaths from all causes, according to the 
 post returns, are 25, being 1 J^ per cent, per annum. The annual rate of intermittent cases is 6, 
 and that of remittent is 3, per 100 of mean strength. 
 
 Table of Ratio of Sickness .^t Fort Howard. 
 
 .Seasons. 
 
 MEAN STRENGTH. 
 
 NUMBER 
 TREATED. 
 
 RATE PER 1,000 OF 
 
 MEAN STRENGTH 
 TREATED QUARTERLY. 
 
 10 first quarters . - - 
 
 10 second " _ - 
 
 1,764 
 1,702 
 1,526 
 
 1.594 
 
 715 
 726 
 
 1.073 
 636 
 
 405 
 425 
 703 
 
 
 10 fourth " 
 
 399 
 
 
 Annual rate _ . 
 
 1.647 
 
 3.150 
 
 1.913 
 
240 
 
 HISTORY OF AVISCOKSIN 
 
 Every man has consequently, on an average, been reported sick about once in every six 
 months, showing this region to be extraordinarily salubrious. The annual ratio of mortality, 
 according to the medical reports, is yV per cent. ; and of the adjutant-general's returns, i-i'j- 
 per cent. 
 
 FORT WINNEBAGO. 
 
 Intermiltent fever 21 
 
 Remittent fever , 10 
 
 Synochal fever _ i 
 
 Typhus fever _. — 
 
 Diseases of the respiratory organs 141 
 
 Diseases of digestive organs, 90 
 
 Diseases of brain and nervous system.. 2 
 Rheumatic affections 26 
 
 This abstract exhibits the fourth quarters 
 only, the mean strength being 1,571. 
 
 All other diseases, 80, with the exceptions as 
 above. 
 
 Under the class of diseases of the respiratory organs are comprised 448 catarrh, 11 pneu- 
 monia, 29 pleuritis and 10 phthisis pulmonalis; under the head of digestive organs, 193 diarrhoea 
 and dysentery, 149 colic and cholera, and 17 hepatitis; under, the class of brain and nervous 
 system, i epilepsy. The total number of deaths, according to the post returns, is 20. Of these, 
 3 are from phthisis pulmonalis, i pleuritis, 2 chronic hepatitis, i gastric enteritis, i splenitis, etc. 
 
 lABLE OF RATIO OF SICKNESS AT FORT WINNEBAGO. 
 
 Seasons. 
 
 MEAN STRENGTH. 
 
 NUMBER 
 TREATED. 
 
 RATE PER 1,000 OF 
 
 MEAN STRENGTH 
 
 TREATED QUARTERLY. 
 
 10 .irst quarters 
 
 1.535 
 
 1.505 
 1.527 
 I.57I 
 
 552 
 517 
 58. 
 495 
 
 360 
 
 343 
 380 
 
 3>5 
 
 
 10 third " 
 
 10 fourth " 
 
 
 
 1.534 
 
 2,145 
 
 1.398 
 
 
 Every man on an average is consequently reported sick once in eight months and a half. 
 
 FORT CRAWFORD. 
 
 Intermittent fever 262 
 
 Remittent fever 61 
 
 Synochal fever ^■ 
 
 Typhus fever .._ — 
 
 Diseases of respiratory organs 177 
 
 Diseases of digestive organs 722 
 
 Diseases of lirain and nervous system 16 
 
 Rheumatic affections 58 
 
 This abstract exhibits the third quarters 
 only, the mean strength being 1,885. 
 
 All other diseases. 309, with the same list of 
 exceptions as above. 
 
 Under the class of diseases of the respiratory organs are included 1,048 of catarrh, 28 pneu- 
 monia, 75 pleuritis and 13 phthisis pulmonalis; under the head of digestive organs, 933 diarrhoea 
 and dysentery, and 195 colic and cholera; under the head of brain and nervous diseases, 7 
 epilepsy, etc. The total of deaths, according to the post returns, is 94, the annual ratio being 
 2^ per cent. The causes of death are: 6 phthisis pulmonalis, 6 epidemic cholera, x common 
 cholera, 4 remittent fever, 3 dysentery, etc. In tiie third quarter of 1830 there were 154 cases of 
 fever, while the same quarter of 1836, with a greater strength, affords but one case, the difference 
 seeming to depend upon the temperature. 
 
HEALTH OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 241 
 
 The relative agency of the seasons in the production of disease in genera! is shown in the 
 annexed table : 
 
 TABLE EXHIBITING THE RATIO OF SICKNESS. 
 
 Seasons. 
 
 MEAN STRENGTH. 
 
 NUMBER 
 TREATED. 
 
 RATIO PER 1,000 OF 
 
 MEAN STRENGTH 
 
 TREATED QUARTERLY. 
 
 9 first quarters 
 
 i,66o 
 1.749 
 
 1,885 
 1,878 
 
 987 
 1,267 
 
 595 
 724 
 
 lo second " _ . , 
 
 lo third " 
 
 10 fourth " 
 
 1.270 676 
 
 
 
 1,793 
 
 
 
 
 
 Consequently every man on an average has been reported sick once in nearly every four 
 months. But high as this ratio of sickness is, at this fort, and, indeed, at the others, it is low 
 considering the topographical surroundings of the posts. But besides these injurious topograpli- 
 ical and other influences already alluded to, there were still other elements of mischief among 
 the men at these stations, such as " bad bread and bad whisky," and salt meat, a dietary table 
 giving rise, if not to " land-scurvy," as was the case at the posts lower down in the Mississippi 
 valley (more fatal than either small-pox or cholera), at least to its concomitant diseases. 
 
 The reason for using these early data of the United States Army medical reports in pref- 
 erence to later ones is, that even though the later ones may be somewhat more correct in certain 
 particulars, the former serve to establish, as it were, a connecting link (though a long one) between 
 the historical sketch of the diseases of the Indian and those of the white settler; and again — 
 these posts being no longer occupied — no further data are obtainable. 
 
 To continue this historical account of the diseases of Wisconsin, we must now nave recourse 
 to the state institutions. 
 
 The Institution for the Education of the Blind. 
 
 The first charitable institution established by the state was formally opened in 1850, at 
 Janesville. The census of 1875 showed that there were 493 blind persons in the state, those 
 of school age — that is — under 20 years of age, probably amounting to 125. The number of 
 pupils in the institution that year, 82 ; the average for the past ten years being 68. If the health 
 report of the institution is any indication of the salubrity of its location, then, indeed, is Janes- 
 ville in this respect an enviable city. Its report for 1876 gives one death from consumption, and 
 a number of cases of whooping-cough, all recovered. In 1875, ten cases of mild scarlet fever, 
 recovered. One severe and two mild cases of typhoid fever, recovered. For 1873, no sick list. 
 For 1872, the mumps went through the school. For 187 i, health of the school reasonably good ; 
 few cases of severe illness have occurred. 
 
 The Institute for the Deaf and Dumb. 
 
 This was organized in June, 1852, at Delavan. The whole number of deaf and dumb per- 
 sons in the state, as shown by the census of 1875, was 720. The report for 1866 gives the 
 number of pupils as 156. 
 
 Little sickness, a few cases of sore throat, and slight bowel affections comprise nearly all the 
 ailments; and the physician's report adds: "The sanitary reports of the institution from its 
 earliest history to the present date has been a guarantee of the healthiness of the location. 
 Having gone carefully over the most reliable tabulated statements of deaf-mutism, its parent- 
 
242 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 age, its home, its causes, and its origin, we would most earnestly call the attention of the public 
 to the fact that the chief cause comes under the head of congenital, 75 of the 150 pupils in this 
 institution having this origin. Such a fearful proportion as this must of necessity have its origin 
 in a cause or causes proportionately fearful. Nor, fortunately, is the causation a mystery, since 
 most careful examination leaves not a shadow of doubt that consanguineous marriages are the 
 sources of this great evil. Without occupying further space by illustrative tables and arguments, 
 we would simply direct the attention of our legislators and thoughtful men to the law of this liis- 
 gdse — which is, that the number of deaf and dumb, imbeciles, and idiots is in direct keeping with the 
 degree of consanguinity. With such a law and exhibit before us, would not a legislative inquir)^ 
 into the subject, with the view of adopting preventive means, be a wise step.' The evil is fear- 
 ful ; the cause is plain; so, too, is the remedy." 
 
 Industriai- .School for Boys. 
 
 This institution is situated on the banks of the Fox river, at Waukesha, and was organized 
 in i860. The whole number of the inmates since it was opened in July, i860, to October 10. 
 1876, was 1,291. The whole number of inmates for 1876 was 415. Of these, since the period 
 of opening up to date, October, 1876, 25 have died : 8, of typhoid fever ; i, of typhoid erysipelas ; 
 I, of gastric fever: 3, of brain fever; i, nervous fever; 2, congestion of the lungs; 2, congestive 
 chills; 5, of consumption; i of dropsy; and i of inflammatory rheumatism. 
 
 The State Prison. 
 
 This was located at Waupun in July, 1857. On September 30, 1876, there were 266 inmates. 
 But one death from natural causes occurred during the year. The health of the prisoners has 
 been unusually good, the prevalent affections attendant upon the seasons, of a mild and 
 manageable character. 
 
 State Hospital for the Insane. 
 
 This institution, located near Madison, was opened for patients in July, i860. The total 
 number of admissions down to the year 1877, was 1,227 males, 1,122 females, total 2,349. Over 
 one half of these have been improved ; nearly one third recovered ; while less than one quarter 
 have been discharged unimproved. Total number of deaths, 288. At the commencement of the 
 year, October i, 1875, there were in the hospital 376 patients. In the report for the year ending 
 September 30, 1876, we find the past year has been one of unusual health in the hospital. No 
 serious epidemic has prev;iiled, although 20 deaths have been reported, 7 fatally ill before admis- 
 sion, 4 worn-out cases, etc. Insanity, coming as it does, under this head of an article on State 
 Health, is of the highest interest from a state point of view, not only because so much may be 
 done to remedy it, but that still more can and ought to be done by the state to prevent it. Our 
 insane amount to i in 700 of the whole population, the total number in hospitals, poor-houses and 
 prisons being in round numbers 1,400. It is a striking fact, calling for our earnest consideration, 
 that the Germans, Irish and Scandinavians import and transmit more insanity — three to one — 
 than the American-born population produce. The causes assigned for this disparity, are, as 
 affecting importation, that those in whom there is an hereditary tendency to disease constitute the 
 migratory class, for the reason that those who are sound and in the full possession of their powers 
 are most apt to contend successfully in the struggle to live and maintain their position at home ; 
 while those who are most unsound and unequal to life's contests are unable to migrate. In other 
 words, the strongest will not leave, the weakest can not leave. By this, the character of the 
 migratory is defined. As affects transmission, poverty is a most fruitful parent of insanity, so too is 
 poor land. Says Dr. Boughton, superintendent of the Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane: 
 
■t'yut. 
 
 C'^^^1^^ ^<Ly c 
 
 (Deceased.; 
 FOND DU LAC 
 
HEALTH OF WISCONSIN 243 
 
 AVisconsin is characterized by a large poor class, especially in the northern part of the state, 
 where people without means have settled on new and poorly paying farms, where their life is 
 made up of hard work, exposure to a severe climate, bad and insufficient diet, cheerless homes, 
 etc., etc. These causes are prolific in the production of insanity. It is easy, therefore, to trace 
 the causes that give us so large a per cent, of insane in many of the counties of the state. Nor is 
 it of less interest to know, as Dr. B. adds : We draw our patients from those families where 
 phthisis pulmonalis, rheumatism and insanity prevail. Insanity and rheumatism are interchange- 
 able in hereditary cases, so too are insanity and phithisis. What may be accomplished by intel- 
 ligent efforts to stem the increase of insanity in our state ? Much. Early treatment is one means, 
 this is of course curative in its character. And its necessity and advantage are well illustrated 
 in table No. lo of the annual report of Dr. Boughton, for 1876, where it is seen that 45.33 of 
 males, and 44.59 of the females who had been sent to the State Hospital having been insane but 
 three months before admission, were cured, the proportion of cures becoming less in proportion 
 to the longer duration of insanity before admission. As a preventive means, the dissemination 
 of the kind of knowledge that shows indisputably that insanity is largely hereditary, and conse- 
 quently that intermarriage with families so tainted should on the one hand be avoided by the 
 citizen, and on the other hand, perhaps, prevented by the state, (congress at the same time 
 restraining or preventing as far as possible persons so tainted from settling in this country.) 
 By the state, inasmuch as the great burthen of caring for the insane falls upon the state. Still 
 other preventive means are found in the improved cultivation of our lands and in our improved 
 education ; in fact, in whatever lessens the trials of the poor and lifts them out of ignorance and 
 pauperism. It is only by culture, says Hufeland, that man acquires perfection, morally, mentally 
 and physically. His whole organization is so ordered that he may either become nothing or 
 anything, hyperculture and the want of cultivation being alike destructive. 
 
 The Northern Hospital for the Insane. 
 
 This hospital was opened at Oshkosh, May, 1S73. The total number under treatment 
 September 30, 1876 was — males 246, females 257, total 503. No ailment of an epidemic charac- 
 ter has affected the health of the household, which has been generally good. The report of Dr. 
 Kempster is full of suggestive matter for the legislator and sociologist. 
 
 City of Milwaukee. 
 
 Still adhering to the plan, in writing the sanitary history of the state, of gathering up all 
 the health statistics which properly belong to us, we now take up those of Milwaukee, the only 
 city in Wisconsin, so far as we know, that has kept up a system of statistics of its diseases. 
 The city is built on each side of the mouth of Milwaukee river, on the west shore of Lake Michi- 
 gan in lat. 43" 3' 45" N., long. 87° 57' W., and is considered remarkable for its healthy climate. 
 The board of health has furnished us with its report for 1870 and downward. The character of 
 its mortality from June 19, i86g, to March 31, 1870, is thus summarized : In children under five 
 years of age, 758 out of 1,249 deaths, consumption, 93; convulsions, 128; cholera infantum, 
 59; diarrhoea, 128; scarlet fever, 132; typhoid fever, 52; inflammation of the lungs, 41 ; still- 
 born, 79. This disproportionate number of still-born children is attributed in part to a laxity of 
 morals. The deaths from consumption in Milwaukee are 73/ out of every 100, one third less out 
 of a like number of deaths than in San Francisco, in which city, in 4,000 deaths, 441 died of con- 
 sumption, being 11 out of every 100 deaths for the year ending July, 1869. The deaths for 1870 
 numbered 1,655, '^'^e population being at the last census report, 71,636. 
 
244 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN". 
 
 Table ok Principal Causes. 
 
 Consumption 143 
 
 Inflammation of lungs _ 56 
 
 Convulsions _ --259 
 
 Diarrhoea 131 
 
 Diptheria 74 
 
 Scarlet fever. 52 
 
 Typhoid fever 49 
 
 Old age 28 
 
 Still-born 123 
 
 The Milwaukee population being about 
 72,000, the death rate per annum for 
 every 1,000 inhabitants would be 21, 
 after proper deductions of deaths from 
 other causes than from disease, showing 
 very favorably as compared with other 
 cities. 
 
 Glasgow has 39 to every 1,000; Liverpool, ^6; London, 25 ; New Orleans, 54; New York, 
 32; San Francisco, 24; Milwaukee, 21. Among seventeen of the principal cities of the Union, 
 Milwaukee ranks the ninth in rate of mortality. An impression has prevailed that Milwaukee is 
 subject to a large and disproportionate amount of lung and allied diseases. Statistics disprove 
 this, its deaths from consumption being only 6 percent., while those of Chicago are 7.75 ; of 
 St. Louis, 9.68; of Cincinnati, 11.95; '^^d of Boston, 19.31. But few cases of malarial disease 
 occur in Milwaukee, and fewer cases of intestinal fever than in the interior of the state. The 
 mortality among children is explained by its occurring chiefly among the poor foreign-born 
 population, where all that can incite and aggravate disease is always to be found. 
 
 This, (the historical part of the health article), will doubtless call forth from the profession 
 much additional and desirable matter, but excepting what will further appear under the head of 
 Madison it is proper to say that we have exhausted the sources of information on the subject 
 within our reach. 
 
 Health Resorts. 
 
 Next in order would seem to come some notice of the summer and health resorts of Wiscon- 
 sin, which, significant of the salubrity of the state, are not only becoming more numerous, but 
 also more frequented from year to year. 
 
 Madison, the capital of the state, with a population of 11,000, is built on an isthmus between 
 two considerable lakes, from 70 to 125 feet above their level; 80 miles west of Milwaukee, in 
 latitude 43" 5' north, and longitude 89" 20' west, in the northern temperate region. The lake 
 basins, and also the neck of land between them, have a linear arrangement, trending northeast and 
 southwest. The same linear topography characterises the whole adjacent country and the boun- 
 dary lines of its various geological formations, this striking feature being due to the former move- 
 ment of glacier ice over the face of the country. At two points, one mile apart, the Capitol and 
 University hills, respectively 348 and 370 feet above the level of Lake Michigan, rise prominently 
 above the rest of the isthmus. Both of these hills are heaps of drift material from 100 to 126 feet 
 thickness, according to the record of the artesian well. The neck of land on which Madison stands 
 is of the same material. The same boring discloses to us the underlying rock structure, pene- 
 trating 614 feet of friable quartzose sandstone belonging to the Potsdam series, loj^ feet of red 
 shale belonging to the same series, and 209}^ feet of crystalline rocks belonging to the Archaean. 
 In the country immediately around Madison, the altitude is generally considerably greater, and 
 the higher grounds are occupied by various strata, nearly horizontal, of sandstone and limestone. 
 The Potsdam sandstone rises about 30 feet above the level of Lake Mendota, on its northern 
 shore, where at McBride's Point it may be seen overlaid by the next and hitherto unrecognized 
 layer, one of more or less impure, dark-colored, magnesian limestone, to which the name of Men- 
 dota is assigned, and which furnishes a good building stone. The descent of these strata, is about 
 
HKAI.TH OF WISCONSIN. 245 
 
 9 feet to the mile in a due southerly direction. Overlying the Mendota beds are again sandstone 
 layers, the uppermost portions of which are occasionally charged with lo to 20 per cent, of calca- 
 reous and dolomitic matter, and then furnish a cream-colored building stone of considerable 
 value. Most of this stratum which has been designated as the Madison sandstone, is, however, 
 quite non-calcareous, being either a ferruginous brown stone, or a quite pure, white, nearly loose 
 sand. In the latter phase it is of valtie for the manufacture of glass. In a number of quarries, 
 cuttings and exposed places around the city, the Madison beds are seen to be overlaid by a gray- 
 ish, magnesian limestone, the lower magnesian, varying very considerably in its character, but 
 largely composed of a flinty-textured, heavy-bedded, quite pure dolomite, which is burnt into a 
 good quality of lime. Its thickness exceeds So feet. Madison, with the conveniences and com- 
 forts of a capital city, from its easy access by railroads, from not only in itself being beautiful, 
 but from its beautiful surroundings, from its good society, charming climate, and artesian 
 mineral water, is naturally a great summer resort. 
 
 Though there are no vital statistics of the city to refer to, a residence of nearly a quarter of 
 a century has made us sufficiently acquainted with its sanitary history, which is more or less the 
 sanitary history of this part of the state, and in a measure of the state itself. In 1844 and 1845, 
 it was visited by an epidemic malarial fever of a bilious type, and not unfrequently fatal, which 
 passed very generally through the state, and was attributed to the turning up of the soil. It was 
 most virulent in the autumns. Again in 1854 it was visited by a light choleraic epidemic, which 
 also swept the state, assuming very generally a particularly mild type. Again in 1857 it suffered 
 lightly from the epidemic dysentery, which passed through the state. In 1865, it suffered from 
 a visitation of diptheria, the disease prevailing generally over the state at that time. It has also 
 had two visitations of the epidemic grip {grippe), or influenza. The last invasion, some five 
 years since, commencing in a manner perhaps worthy of noting, by first affecting the horses very 
 generally, and again, by beginning on the east side of the city, while the other epidemics for the 
 past twenty-five years (unless the choleraic visitation was an exception) came in on the south- 
 west side of the city, as has been the case, so far as we have been able to observe with the light 
 epidemics to which children are subject. But little typhoid fever is found here, and the aguish 
 fevers when they occur are light and easy of control. There is but little diarrhoea or dysen- 
 tery. Pneumonia and its allied affections are more common, so is rheumatism, and so neuralgia. 
 Inflammatory croup, however, is very rare, sporadic diptheria seeming to be taking its place. 
 All the ordinary eruptive fevers of children are and always have been of a peculiarly mild 
 type. 
 
 Prairie du Chien, situated immediately at the junction of the Wisconsin with the Mississippi, 
 is built about 70 feet above low water, and 642 feet above the level of the sea. The cliffs on 
 both sides of the river present on their summits the lower strata of the blue Silurian limestone 
 of Cincinnati, beneath which are found sandstone and magnesian limestone down to the water's 
 edge. We give this notice of Prairie du Chien for the purpose of bringing to the knowledge of 
 the public that it possesses one of the most superb artesian wells in the state, which is attracting 
 many persons by its remedial mineral properties. 
 
 Green Bay sanitarily may be considered as suflSciently indicated under the head of Fort 
 Howard. It is, however, proper to add that from its geographical position and beautiful situa- 
 tion at the head of the bay, its easy access both by railroad and steamboat, its pleasant days and 
 •cool summer nights, it has naturally become quite a popular summer resort, particularly for 
 southern people. 
 
 Racine, some 25 miles south by east by rail from Milwaukee and 62 by rail from Chicago, is 
 built upon the banks and some 40 feet above the level of the lake. Its soil is a sandy loam and 
 
246 HISTORY OV AVISCONSIX. 
 
 gravel, consequently it has a dry, healthy surface, and is much frequented in the summer for its 
 coolness and salubrity. 
 
 Waukesha, i8 miles west of Milwaukee by railroad, is a healthy, pleasant place of resort at 
 all times on account of its mineral water, so well known and so highly appreciated throughout 
 the country. 
 
 Oconomowoc, 32 miles by railroad west by north of Milwaukee, is a healthy and de- 
 lightfully located resort for the summer. Its many lakes and drives form its chief attractions, 
 and though its accommodations were considered ample, during the past summer they were found 
 totally inadequate to meet the demands of its numerous visitors. 
 
 The Dalles, at Kilbourn City, by rail 16 miles from Portage, is unsurpassed in the northwest 
 for the novelty, romantic character, and striking beauty of its rock and river scenery. It is 
 high and dry ; has pure water and fine air, and every-day boat and drive views enough to fill 
 up a month pleasantly. 
 
 Lake Geneva, 70 miles by rail from Chicago, is built on the north side of the lake, is justly 
 celebrated for its beauty, and its reputation as a summer resort is growing. 
 
 Green Lake, six miles west of Ripon, and 89 northwest from Milwaukee, is some 15 miles 
 long and three broad, surrounded by beautiful groves and prairies ; and is claimed to be one of 
 the healthiest little places on the continent. 
 
 Devil's Lake is 36 miles by rail north of Madison. Of all the romantic little spots in Wis- 
 consin, and they are innumerable, there is none more romantic or worthy of a summer visitor's 
 admiration than this. It is, though shut in from the rude world by bluffs 500 feet high, a very 
 favorite resort, and should be especially so for those who seek quiet, and rest, and health. 
 
 Sparta, 246 miles by rail from Chicago, is pleasantly and healthily situated, and its artesian 
 mineral water strongly impregnated with carbonate of iron, having, it is said, over 14 grains in 
 solution to the imperial gallon, an unusually large proportion, attracts its annual summer 
 crowd. 
 
 Sheboygan, 62 miles by rail north of Milwaukee, from its handsome position on a bluff over- 
 looking the lake, and from the beauty of its surroundings as well as from the character of its 
 mineral waters, is an attractive summer resort. 
 
 Elkhart Lake, 57 miles by rail north of Milwaukee, is rapidly acquiring a good name from 
 those seeking health or pleasure. 
 
 Change in Diseases. 
 
 In order to ascertain whether the classes of diseases in the state at the date of Carver's 
 travels are the same which prevail to-day, we have compared his description of them with those 
 tabulated in the army medical reports of Forts Howard, Crawford and Winnebago, and again 
 with those given in the U. S. Census for 1870, and with the medical statistics of the city of 
 Milwaukee. The three distinct and prominent classes prevailing from Carver's to the present 
 time, are, in the order of prevalence, diseases of the respiratory organs, consumption, pneumonia, 
 bronchitis, etc.; diseases of the digestive organs, enteritis, dysentery, diarrhoea, etc.; and the 
 malarial fevers. At Fort Howard alone do the diseases of the digestive organs seem to have 
 outnumbered those of the respiratory organs. So far as it is possible to gather from the reports 
 of the commissioners of Indian affairs, these features of the relative prevalence of the three 
 classes of disease are not disturbed. 
 
 There are, however, some disturbing or qualifying agencies operating and affecting the 
 amount or distribution of these classes in different areas or belts. For instance, there are two 
 
HEALTH OF A\ ISCONSIN. 247 
 
 irregular areas in the state; the one extending from the Mississippi east and north, and the other 
 starting almost as low down as Madison, and running up as far as Green Bay, which are more 
 subject to malarial diseases than are the other parts of the state. While it is found that those 
 parts of the state least subject to diseases of the digestive organs are, a belt along the western 
 shore of Lake Michigan, and a belt running from near Prairie du Chien north into the pineries. 
 Again, it is found that the part of the state most subjeC to enteric, cerebro-spinal and typhus 
 fevers, is quite a narrow belt running north from the southern border line into the center of the 
 state, or about two-thirds of the distance toward the pineries. All along the western shore of 
 Lake Michigan, and stretching across the country by way of Fond du Lac to the Mississippi, is 
 a belt much less subject to these disorders. It is equally beyond question that the western shore 
 of Lake Michigan, and the southern shore of Lake Superior, as well as the western half of the 
 southern boundary line of the pineries, are less affected with consumption than the interior parts 
 of the state. 
 
 The tendency of these diseases is certainly to amelioration. The sanitary history of Wiscon- 
 sin does not differ from that of any other state east of us, in this striking particular ; the farther 
 you trace back the history of disease, the worse its type is found to be. It follows, then, that 
 the improvement in public health must progress with the general improvement of the state, as 
 has been the case with the eastern states, and that the consequent amelioration of our malarial 
 diseases especially will tend to mitigate infectious diseases. The ameliorating influences, how- 
 ever, that sanitary science has brought to bear upon disease, of which England is so happy an 
 illustration, has scarcely as yet begun to be known to us. But the time has come at last when 
 this science is moving both the hearts and minds of thinking and humane men in the state, and 
 its voice has been heard in our legislative halls, evoking a law by which we are, as a people, to be 
 governed, as by any other enactment. The organization of a state board of health is a new era 
 in our humanity. In this board is invested all legal power over the state health. To it is com- 
 mitted all the sanitary responsibility of the state, and the greatest good to the people at large 
 must follow the efforts it is making. 
 
 There are many other points of sanitary interest to which it is desirable to call the attention 
 of those interested in Wisconsin. It is a popular truth that a dry climate, all other things being 
 equal, is a healthy climate. Our hygrometrical records show Wisconsin to have one of the driest 
 climates in the United States. Choleraic diseases rarely prevail unless in a comparatively 
 stagnant state of the atmosphere, where they are most fatal. Where high winds prevail such 
 diseases are rare. The winds in Wisconsin, while proverbially high and frequent (carrying away 
 and dissipating malarial emanations), are not destructive to life or property, as is the case, by 
 their violence, in some of the adjoining states. A moist, warm atmosphere is always provocative 
 of disease. Such a state of atmosphere is rare with us, and still more rarely continuous beyond 
 a day or two. Moist air is the medium of malarial poisoning, holding as it does in solution 
 gases and poisonous exhalations. Its character is readily illustrated by the peculiar smell of 
 some marsh lands on autumnal evenings. Such a state of moisture is seen only in our lowest 
 shut-in marshes (where there is but little or no air-current), and then only for a very limited 
 period, in very hot weather. 
 
 But too much importance is attached by the public to a simply dry atmosphere for respira- 
 tory diseases. The same mistake is made with regard to the good effects in such disorders of 
 simply high elevations. Dry air in itself or a high elevation in itself, or both combined, are 
 not necessarily favorable to health, or curative of disease. In the light and rare atmosphere of 
 Pike's Peak, an elevation of 6,000 feet, the pulse is accelerated, the amount of sleep is dimin- 
 ished, and the human machine is put under a high-pressure rate of living, conducive only to its 
 
248 
 
 HISTOliY OF WISOOXSIX. 
 
 injury. The average rate of the pulse in liealthy visitors is from 115 to 120 per minute (the 
 normal rate, in moderate elevations, being about 75). And where there is any organic affection 
 of the heart, or tendency to bleeding from the lungs, it is just this very dry atmosphere and high 
 elevation that make tliese remedies {?) destructive. Hence it is that Wisconsin, for the generality 
 of lung diseases, especially when accompanied with hemorrhage, or with heart disease, is prefer- 
 able to Colorado. It may be objected, that the diseases of the respiratory organs are in excess 
 of other diseases in Wisconsin. This feature, however, is not confined to the cold belt of our 
 temperate latitudes — our proportion of respiratory diseases, be it noted, comparing most favor- 
 ably with that of other states, as may be seen in the following table : 
 
 Climatologic.\l Distribution of Pulmon.a.ry Diseases. 
 
 Deaths 
 
 by 
 Phthisis. 
 
 Per cent. Deaths by all 
 of entire diseases of Res- 
 Mortality, piratory Organs. 
 
 Massachusetts, 1850, U. S. Census 
 
 Ohio, 1849-50, U. S. Census 
 
 Michigan, 1850, U. S. Census 
 
 Illinois, 1849-50. U. .S. Census 
 
 Wisconsin, 1849-50, U. S. Census 
 
 3,426 
 
 17-65 
 
 2,';58 
 
 8.83 
 
 657 
 
 14-55 
 
 866 
 
 7-36 
 
 290 
 
 9-99 
 
 4,418 
 3-988 
 
 1,084 
 1,799 
 
 535 
 
 Per cent, 
 of entire 
 Mortality. 
 
 22.27 
 
 13-77 
 24.00 
 15.00 
 
 18.43 
 
 Now, while the mortuary statistics of the United States census for 1850 are acknowledged 
 to be imperfect, they are, nevertheless, undoubtedly correct as to the causes of mortality. But 
 besides this statistical evidence of the climatological causes of disease, there are certain relative 
 general, if not special, truths which serve to guide us in our estimate. Respiratory diseases of 
 all kinds increase in proportion as the temperature decreases, the humidity of the air being the 
 same. Another equally certain element in the production of this class of diseases is variableness 
 of climate. Still, this feature of our climate is only an element in causation, and affects us, as 
 we shall see in the table below, very little as compared with other states. Indeed, it is still 
 disputed whether there is not more consumption in tropical climates than in temperate climates. 
 This much is admitted, however, that consumption is rare in the arctic regions. Dr. Terry says 
 the annual ratio of pulmonary diseases is lower in the northern than in the southern regions of 
 the United States, and Dr. Drake, an equally eminent authority, recommends those suffering 
 from or threatened with pulmonary affections, to retreat to the colder districts of the country, 
 citing among others localities near Lake Superior — a recommendation which our experience of 
 nearly half a century endorses. 
 
 Propor'mon of P.neumonia to Consumption in the Different States. 
 
 STATES. 
 
 CONS. 
 
 PNEUM. 
 
 STATES. 
 
 CONS. 
 
 PNEUM. 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Ohio 
 
 3.424 
 
 2,558 
 
 866 
 
 549 
 895 
 647 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 562 
 
 1,288 
 
 290 
 
 664 
 
 429 
 194 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 
 
 When we compare the general death-rate of Wisconsin with that of the other states of the 
 Union, we find that it compares most favorably with that of Vermont, the healthiest of the New 
 England states. The United States census of 1850, i860 and 1870, gives Wisconsin 94 deaths 
 to 10,000 of the population, while it gives Vermont loi to every 10,000 of her inhabitants. The 
 
STATISTICS OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 249 
 
 censusof 1870 shows that the death-rate from consumption in Minnesota, Iowa, California and Wis- 
 consin are alike. These four states show the lowest death-rate among the states from consumption, 
 the mortality being 13 to 14 per cent, of the whole death-rate. 
 
 Climatologically considered, then, there is not a more healthy state in the Union than the 
 state of Wisconsin. But for health purposes something more is requisite than climate. Climate 
 and soil must be equally good. Men should shun the soil, no matter how rich it be, if the climate 
 is inimical to health, and rather choose the climate that is salubrious, even if the soil is not so 
 rich. In Wisconsin, generally speaking, the soil and climate are equally conducive to health, 
 and alike good for agricultural purposes. 
 
 STATISTICS OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 1875. 
 
 ADAMS COUNTY. 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 T0W??9, CITIBS AND 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 a 
 
 to 
 
 a 
 
 C3 
 < 
 
 Adams 
 
 200 
 
 77 
 
 244 
 164 
 261 
 117 
 204 
 240 
 163 
 444 
 74 
 126 
 121 
 199 
 189 
 501 
 127 
 
 198 
 71 
 221 
 153 
 200 
 100 
 193 
 229 
 137 
 403 
 62 
 118 
 99 
 131 
 182 
 433 
 115 
 
 ■■3" 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 ■4' 
 
 398 
 
 Big Flats 
 
 154 
 
 Dell Prairie 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Leola 
 
 217 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Monroe 
 
 397 
 469 
 
 
 
 Prestoa 
 
 136 
 
 Qnincy 
 
 244 
 
 Richfield 
 
 
 
 
 Sprlnpville 
 
 371 
 
 Strong's Prairie 
 
 934 
 
 White Creek 
 
 242 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 3.451 
 
 3,045 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 6.502 
 
 
 ASHLAND COUNTY. 
 
 Ashland 
 
 268 
 141 
 
 180 
 141 
 
 
 
 
 La Polnt« 
 
 282 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 409 
 
 321 
 
 
 
 730 
 
 
 
 BAYFIELD COUNTY. 
 
 Bayfield., 
 
 538 493 1 ... 
 
 BARRON COUNTY. 
 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 
 Towns. Cities AND 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 ri 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 lb 
 
 6 
 
 s 
 
 < 
 
 Barron 
 
 343 
 
 459 
 
 364 
 326 
 214 
 122 
 240 
 
 285 
 397 
 319 
 216 
 182 
 84 
 106 
 
 
 
 628 
 85$ 
 
 542 
 396 
 206 
 
 
 
 Stanford 
 
 
 Rice Lake 
 
 Dallas 
 
 426 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 2,068 
 
 1,669 
 
 
 
 3,73T 
 
 
 BROWN COUNTY. 
 
 Aswabanon 
 
 210 
 143 
 371 
 410 
 943 
 291 
 
 1,889 
 591 
 
 3,966 
 581 
 784 
 687 
 519 
 499 
 765 
 616 
 384 
 838 
 434 
 774 
 477 
 982 
 
 1,222 
 
 175 
 136 
 
 858 
 956 
 208 
 
 1.721 
 482 
 
 4,017 
 542 
 705 
 579 
 467 
 408 
 633 
 529 
 335 
 792 
 372 
 696 
 452 
 941 
 
 1,058 
 
 ■■3' 
 "5' 
 
 29 
 
 "6' 
 
 •is 
 
 ??? 
 
 
 711 
 
 
 768 
 
 
 1,911 
 
 
 499 
 
 
 3,610 
 
 
 1,073 
 
 
 8.037 
 
 
 1,123 
 
 Holland 
 
 1.489 
 
 
 1.266 
 
 
 986 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 909 
 
 
 1.398 
 
 New Denmark 
 
 '6' 
 
 "8 
 
 "7' 
 
 1.145 
 
 719 
 
 
 1.642 
 
 
 806 
 
 
 1,470 
 
 
 929 
 
 West Depere village 
 
 1.923 
 2.295 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 18.376 
 
 16,899 
 
 53 
 
 45 
 
 35.374 
 
250 
 
 HISTOKY or VVISCONSIN. 
 
 BURNETT COUNTY. 
 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 
 Towns. Cities and 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 a; 
 •3 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 bo 
 
 < 
 
 
 433 
 
 231. 
 87 
 
 379 
 191 
 
 82 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 14 
 
 887 
 
 
 434 
 
 Wood L,ake 
 
 195 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 751 
 
 652 
 
 28 
 
 25 
 
 1.456 
 
 
 BUFFALO COUNTY. 
 
 
 296 
 34 
 307 
 138 
 376 
 369 
 292 
 277 
 413 
 339 
 275 
 215 
 402 
 341 
 717 
 899 
 552 
 465 
 500 
 
 254 
 293 
 279 
 137 
 836 
 381 
 282 
 227 
 372 
 309 
 240 
 212 
 383 
 306 
 671 
 664 
 501 
 421 
 494 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 550 
 
 
 637 
 
 
 586 
 
 Buffalo City 
 
 275 
 
 
 712 
 
 ilross 
 
 690 
 574 
 
 
 504 
 
 
 785 
 
 
 648 
 
 
 515 
 
 I iton 
 
 427 
 
 
 785 
 
 
 647 
 
 
 1,388 
 
 
 1,563 
 
 
 1,053 
 
 
 886 
 
 Fountain City Tillage 
 
 994 
 
 
 7,517 
 
 6,703 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 14.219 
 
 
 
 CAIiUMET COUNTY. 
 
 Broth ertowii . 
 
 BrlllioQ 
 
 Chiltou 
 
 Charlestown., 
 
 Harrison 
 
 New Holstein 
 
 Rantoul , 
 
 Stockbridge... 
 Woodville 
 
 Total. . . . 
 
 864 
 
 809 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 666 
 
 507 
 
 
 
 1,061 
 
 1,000 
 
 lb 
 
 16 
 
 668 
 
 592 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1.008 
 
 875 
 
 1 
 
 
 1,016 
 
 949 
 
 
 
 837 
 
 753 
 
 
 
 910 
 
 865 
 
 161 
 
 156 
 
 690 
 
 639 
 
 
 
 7,720 
 
 6,989 
 
 193 
 
 183 
 
 CLAKK COUNTY. 
 
 Beaver 
 
 Colby 
 
 Eaton 
 
 Fremont 
 
 Grant 
 
 Hewet 
 
 Hixon 
 
 Loyal , 
 
 Lynn 
 
 Levis 
 
 Mentor 
 
 Mayville 
 
 Pine Valley 
 
 Perkins 
 
 Sherman ... 
 
 Unity 
 
 Warner 
 
 Weston 
 
 Washburn . 
 York 
 
 Total. . 
 
 106 
 
 91 
 
 
 
 303 
 
 210 
 
 
 
 183 
 
 142 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 353 
 
 310 
 
 
 
 58 
 205 
 
 43 
 123 
 
 
 
 
 
 262 
 
 237 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 151 
 
 113 
 
 
 
 347 
 
 307 
 
 
 
 137 
 
 123 
 
 
 
 789 
 
 736 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 132 
 
 120 
 
 
 
 132 
 
 107 
 
 
 
 186 
 
 121 
 
 
 
 326 
 
 153 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 171 
 
 135 
 
 
 
 3.988 
 
 3,294 
 
 
 
 1.692 
 1,173 
 2,093 
 1,267 
 1.884 
 1,965 
 1,590 
 2.092 
 1,329 
 
 15.085 
 
 197 
 313 
 325 
 104 
 663 
 101 
 338 
 499 
 155 
 364 
 654 
 360 
 1,525 
 73 
 352 
 239 
 807 
 379 
 138 
 306 
 
 7,382 
 
 CHIPPEWA COUNTY. 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 Towns, cities amd 
 Villages. 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 
 361 
 
 488 
 
 654 
 
 3.886 
 
 329 
 
 1.360 
 
 1.046 
 
 346 
 
 442 
 
 8.312 
 
 269 
 
 420 
 606 
 
 1.755 
 288 
 
 1.074 
 638 
 252 
 368 
 
 "6' 
 
 ■3 
 
 "4' 
 
 630 
 
 
 908 
 
 
 1.260 
 
 Chippewa Falls city 
 
 5.050 
 617 
 
 
 2.434 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 1.688 
 
 
 598 
 
 Wneaton 
 
 
 
 810 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 5,670 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 13,995 
 
 
 
 COLUMBIA COUNTY. 
 
 
 512 
 639 
 481 
 912 
 662 
 662 
 376 
 749 
 615 
 596 
 541 
 705 
 449 
 444 
 853 
 759 
 130 
 8,164 
 630 
 409 
 423 
 486 
 580 
 33 
 
 497 
 584 
 400 
 991 
 647 
 618 
 351 
 713 
 497 
 506 
 505 
 743 
 437 
 409 
 863 
 737 
 119 
 2.161 
 556 
 374 
 347 
 442 
 540 
 34 
 
 ■4" 
 3 
 
 "i' 
 
 
 
 . ... 
 
 "l" 
 
 3 
 
 "5' 
 
 1,009 
 
 
 1.223 
 
 
 881 
 
 
 1.903 
 
 
 1.309 
 
 
 1,280 
 
 
 727 
 
 Fountain Prairie 
 
 1,461 
 
 
 1,012 
 
 
 1,103 
 
 
 1.046 
 
 
 1,448 
 
 
 886 
 
 Marcellon 
 
 858 
 1.721 
 
 
 1.496 
 
 
 349 
 
 
 4.337 
 
 
 1,186 
 
 
 783 
 
 
 770 
 
 West Point 
 
 988 
 
 
 1.130 
 
 Westw. Vil. of Randolph.. 
 
 67 
 
 Total 
 
 14,710 
 
 14.069 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 88.803 
 
 
 
 CRAWFORD COUNTY. 
 
 
 177 
 
 851 
 755 
 798 
 313 
 498 
 394 
 
 411 
 439 
 404 
 184 
 
 773 
 
 583 
 
 186 
 765 
 688 
 766 
 858 
 404 
 336 
 
 352 
 535 
 424 
 309 
 468 
 687 
 697 
 511 
 
 "4 
 
 ■2 
 12 
 
 ■3 
 
 ■3 
 ■5" 
 
 363 
 
 
 1.616 
 
 
 1,443 
 
 Freeman 
 
 1,564 
 571 
 
 Marietta 
 
 902 
 
 Prairie du Clilen town 
 
 Prairie du Chien city- 
 
 720 
 
 763 
 
 
 964 
 
 
 828 
 
 Fourth ward.. • ■ -v 
 
 393 
 
 
 1,891 
 1,470 
 
 Utica 
 
 Wauzelta 
 
 1.094 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,759 
 
 7,276 
 
 18 
 
 11 
 
 15.035 
 
 
 DOUGLAS COUNTY. 
 
 .Superior . 
 
 386 346 3 6 
 
 741 
 
STATISTICS OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 251 
 
 DOOB COUNTY. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 Towns. Cities and 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 ■3 
 
 a 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 ■>1 
 
 
 210 
 859 
 344 
 
 344 
 420 
 208 
 377 
 166 
 394 
 286 
 268 
 290 
 381 
 286 
 220 
 
 186 
 316 
 279 
 210 
 382 
 206 
 325 
 107 
 378 
 193 
 311 
 259 
 301 
 214 
 181 
 
 
 
 396 
 
 
 675 
 
 
 623 
 
 
 454 
 
 Forestville 
 
 802 
 414 
 
 
 703 
 
 
 273 
 
 Liberty Grove 
 
 Nasewaupee 
 
 Sevastopol 
 
 673 
 
 418 
 479 
 
 
 549 
 
 Sturgeon Bay village 
 
 633 
 630 
 
 
 401 
 
 
 
 ToUl 
 
 4,343 
 
 3,677 
 
 
 
 8,020 
 
 DUNN COUNTY. 
 
 Colfax 
 
 578 
 677 
 261 
 490 
 339 
 1,959 
 130 
 130 
 349 
 327 
 156 
 .379 
 638 
 371 
 400 
 138 
 212 
 
 170 
 458 
 490 
 331 
 463 
 190 
 1,467 
 124 
 115 
 313 
 203 
 146 
 308 
 548 
 229 
 263 
 117 
 188 
 
 
 
 348 
 
 
 "5' 
 ' 1' 
 "l" 
 
 T 
 "i' 
 
 "2 
 
 1,036 
 
 1,067 
 
 492 
 
 
 Elk Mound 
 
 
 954 
 
 Lucas 
 
 429 
 
 
 8,433 
 
 
 254 
 
 Pew 
 
 345 
 
 Red Cedar 
 
 662 
 
 
 531 
 
 
 302 
 
 
 687 
 
 
 1,176 
 503 
 
 
 
 663 
 
 Tiffany 
 
 245 
 
 
 400 
 
 
 
 
 7,394 
 
 6,031 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 13.427 
 
 
 
 DODGE COUNTY. 
 
 Ashippun 
 
 742 
 794 
 
 1,656 
 667 
 593 
 451 
 694 
 701 
 724 
 471 
 451 
 985 
 
 1,143 
 591 
 907 
 156 
 833 
 832 
 
 1,014 
 
 1,318 
 532 
 
 1,006 
 668 
 956 
 149 
 559 
 
 1,073 
 966 
 686 
 615 
 
 1,435 
 628 
 
 700 
 
 
 "1 
 
 28 
 
 ■3 
 
 "r 
 
 1,443 
 
 1,601 
 3,456 
 1,091 
 1,113 
 
 864 
 1,330 
 1,403 
 1,366 
 
 853 
 1,012 
 1.896 
 2.240 
 1,190 
 1,748 
 
 310 
 1,637 
 1.697 
 1,943 
 2,563 
 1,069 
 1,958 
 1,321 
 1,868 
 
 318 
 1,065 
 2,098 
 1,762 
 1,145 
 1,233 
 2,955 
 1,070 
 
 Beaver Dam town 
 
 707 
 
 1,795 
 524 
 519 
 403 
 636 
 701 
 632 
 381 
 508 
 911 
 
 1,097 
 599 
 841 
 154 
 804 
 759 
 939 
 
 1,345 
 537 
 951 
 653 
 912 
 168 
 506 
 
 1,026 
 806 
 558 
 618 
 
 1,520 
 441 
 
 "4' 
 
 25 
 ■■3" 
 
 
 
 Chester 
 
 Clyman 
 
 Elba 
 
 
 Fox Lake town .. . . 
 
 Fox Lake village 
 
 
 Hubbard 
 
 Horicon village 
 
 Hustisford 
 
 .iuneau village 
 
 
 Le Koy 
 
 
 Lowell 
 
 May ville village 
 
 Oak Grove 
 
 Portland 
 
 Rubicon 
 
 Randolph village, E. ward 
 Shields 
 
 1 
 
 T 
 "1" 
 
 
 Theresa 
 
 Trenton 
 
 Westford 
 
 Wllllamstown 
 
 Watertown city, 5 A 6 w'ds 
 Waupun village, Istwaid,. 
 
 Total 
 
 24,785 
 
 23,541 
 
 35 i ''^ 
 
 48,394 
 
 
 
 
 DANE COUNTY. 
 
 Towns, Cities and 
 Villages. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 OJ 
 
 
 OJ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 = 
 
 rt 
 
 a 
 
 
 tn 
 
 y 
 
 t£* 
 
 Albion 
 
 Berry 
 
 Black Earth , 
 
 Blooming Grove..,, 
 
 Blue Mounds 
 
 Bristol 
 
 Burke 
 
 Christiana 
 
 Cottage Grove 
 
 Cross Plains 
 
 Dane 
 
 Deerfield 
 
 Dunkirk , 
 
 Dunu 
 
 Fitchburg 
 
 Madison town 
 
 Madisoncity 
 
 Mazomauie 
 
 Medina 
 
 Middleton 
 
 Montrose 
 
 Oregon 
 
 Perry 
 
 Primrose 
 
 Pleasant Springs 
 
 Roxbury . 
 
 Rutland 
 
 Springdale 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Stouffhton village... 
 
 Sun Prairie 
 
 Sun Prairie viHage.. 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Verona 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Westport. 
 
 Windsor 
 
 York 
 
 679 
 
 583 
 
 
 
 592 
 
 543 
 
 
 
 451 
 
 446 
 
 
 
 555 
 
 474 
 
 1 
 
 
 559 
 
 531 
 
 
 
 579 
 
 558 
 
 
 
 575 
 
 546 
 
 
 
 853 
 
 740 
 
 
 
 580 
 
 549 
 
 1 
 
 
 703 
 
 727 
 
 
 
 597 
 
 571 
 
 
 
 493 
 
 413 
 
 
 
 677 
 
 575 
 
 1 
 
 
 686 
 
 587 
 
 
 
 576 
 
 575 
 
 
 
 419 
 
 361 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4,858 
 
 5,174 
 
 41 
 
 211 
 
 813 
 
 818 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 736 
 
 691 
 
 
 
 866 
 
 860 
 
 '.! 
 
 
 540 
 
 538 
 
 1 
 
 
 665 
 
 704 
 
 
 
 530 
 
 444 
 
 
 
 470 
 
 448 
 
 I 
 
 
 569 
 
 C87 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 592 
 
 659 
 
 
 
 563 
 
 604 
 
 
 
 .522 
 
 495 
 
 
 
 728 
 
 664 
 
 
 
 585 
 
 622 
 
 
 
 515 
 
 457 
 
 
 
 383 
 
 306 
 
 
 
 547 
 
 479 
 
 
 
 646 
 
 491 
 
 
 .'> 
 
 563 
 
 655 
 
 
 1 
 
 813 
 
 808 
 
 
 
 639 
 
 558 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 518 
 
 484 
 
 1 
 
 
 36,894 
 
 25,814 
 
 60 
 
 30 
 
 1,261 
 1,135 
 
 897 
 1,03U 
 1,090 
 1,137 
 1,121 
 1,593 
 1,130 
 1.430 
 1,168 
 
 906 
 1,253 
 1.173 
 1.051 
 
 788 
 10,093 
 1,636 
 1.417 
 1.718 
 1,079 
 1,359 
 
 974 
 
 919 
 1,057 
 1,151 
 1,057 
 1,018 
 1,393 
 1,207 
 
 97a 
 
 589 
 1,026 
 1,039 
 1,118 
 1,621 
 1.191 
 1.003 
 
 52,798 
 
 FON DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 
 1.064 
 
 m 
 
 685 
 723 
 763 
 537 
 840 
 768 
 793 
 582 
 
 1,109 
 
 1,156 
 
 1,085 
 
 1,374 
 
 594 
 
 739 
 
 655 
 
 726 
 
 780 
 
 918 
 
 1,055 
 
 748 
 
 684 
 
 630 
 
 611 
 
 872 
 777 
 643 
 783 
 666 
 498 
 
 938 
 799 
 686 
 661 
 649 
 713 
 490 
 747 
 676 
 686 
 524 
 
 1,175 
 
 1,248 
 
 1,204 
 
 1.398 
 
 563 
 
 727 
 
 659 
 
 753 
 
 731 
 
 919 
 
 891 
 
 673 
 
 667 
 
 581 
 
 534 
 
 981 
 862 
 580 
 717 
 644 
 478 
 
 4 
 
 ■7' 
 l" 
 
 ■5" 
 
 2,006 
 
 
 1,676 
 
 
 1,411 
 
 
 1.346 
 
 
 1,372 
 
 
 1,478 
 
 
 1.039 
 
 
 1.587 
 
 FondduLac 
 
 1,445 
 1.479 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 "S 
 38 
 23 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 "4" 
 ■3' 
 
 } 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 "7' 
 37 
 2; 
 
 1 
 
 "4' 
 
 T 
 
 1 
 5 
 
 1 ' 
 
 1,107 
 
 Fond du Lac city- 
 
 2.300 
 
 
 2.409 
 
 
 2.295 
 
 Fourth ward 
 
 Fifth ward 
 
 Sixth ward 
 
 Seventh ward 
 
 Eighth ward 
 
 2.774 
 1,157 
 1.481 
 1.369 
 1.523 
 1.513 
 
 
 1.838 
 
 Marshfield 
 
 Oakfield 
 
 1.952 
 1,421 
 
 
 1.351 
 
 
 1,211 
 
 
 1,200 
 
 Riponcity— 
 
 1,854 
 
 
 1,647 
 
 
 1,22a 
 
 
 1,500 
 
 
 1,311 
 
 Waupun village, N. ward.. 
 
 979 
 
 
 25,149 
 
 24,604 
 
 98 
 
 80 
 
 50,241 
 
 
 
252 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSIX. 
 
 EAU CLAIRE COUNTY. 
 
 
 
 POPCLATION. 
 
 
 Towns. Cities and 
 
 wime. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 B 
 
 a 
 
 < 
 
 
 549 
 461 
 419 
 4,646 
 221 
 158 
 701 
 496 
 860 
 93 
 387 
 393 
 
 507 
 383 
 387 
 3.777 
 179 
 163 
 553 
 463 
 843 
 78 
 290 
 327 
 
 13 
 
 "i' 
 
 1.056 
 844 
 706 
 
 8.440 
 400 
 331 
 
 Briage Creek 
 
 liruuswick 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,854 
 959 
 503 
 171 
 617 
 780 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8.724 
 
 7,850 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 15,991 
 
 
 GREEN COITVTY. 
 
 Adams 
 
 Albany 
 
 Brooklyn 
 
 Brodhead village. 
 
 Cadiz 
 
 Clarno 
 
 Decatur 
 
 Exeter 
 
 Jeflferson 
 
 Jordon 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Monroe village .. 
 Mount Pleasant.. 
 
 New Glarus 
 
 Spring Grove 
 
 Sylvester 
 
 Washtntrton 
 
 york... 
 
 Total 
 
 476 
 
 437 
 
 
 
 565 
 
 585 
 
 
 
 585 
 
 554 
 
 
 
 669 
 
 750 
 
 
 
 695 
 
 654 
 
 
 
 759 
 
 751 
 
 
 
 348 
 
 350 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 450 
 
 433 
 
 
 
 867 
 
 847 
 
 
 
 540 
 
 486 
 
 
 
 463 
 
 441 
 
 
 
 1,525 
 
 1,693 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 550 
 
 658 
 
 2 
 
 
 530 
 
 445 
 
 
 
 639 
 
 597 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 446 
 
 530 
 
 
 
 477 
 
 393 
 
 
 
 520 
 
 496 
 
 
 
 11,102 
 
 10,900 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 GRANT COUNTY. 
 
 913 
 1,150 
 1,138 
 1,428 
 1,349 
 1,510 
 
 701 
 
 883 
 1.714 
 1.026 
 
 903 
 3.887 
 1.110 
 
 975 
 1.838 
 
 876 
 
 870 
 1.016 
 
 28.027 
 
 
 865 
 413 
 974 
 607 
 487 
 709 
 485 
 935 
 611 
 446 
 
 1.047 
 558 
 636 
 539 
 458 
 
 1,376 
 359 
 671 
 369 
 109 
 400 
 500 
 
 2.000 
 
 1.373 
 429 
 716 
 486 
 330 
 536 
 380 
 893 
 
 805 
 413 
 996 
 599 
 512 
 677 
 384 
 835 
 531 
 397 
 
 1.074 
 491 
 557 
 481 
 423 
 
 1.358 
 349 
 604 
 357 
 97 
 381 
 440 
 
 2.054 
 
 1.268 
 401 
 613 
 469 
 274 
 481 
 354 
 269 
 
 27 
 2 
 
 "2' 
 
 20 
 
 "i' 
 1 
 
 1,717 
 
 Blue River 
 
 836 
 
 Boseohel 
 
 1,978 
 
 
 1.806 
 
 Clifton 
 
 999 
 
 Cassville . . 
 
 1.386 
 
 
 809 
 
 
 1.770 
 
 Glen Haven 
 
 1,144 
 843 
 
 
 "i' 
 
 6 
 
 "3" 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 "2 
 .... 
 
 s' 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 .... 
 ... 
 
 2.131 
 
 
 1.049 
 
 
 1.194 
 
 
 1.030 
 
 
 882 
 
 
 8 742 
 
 LittleOrant 
 
 708 
 1.375 
 
 Marlon 
 
 736 
 
 MlllTllle 
 
 306 
 
 
 781 
 
 Paris 
 
 940 
 
 Plattville 
 
 4.060 
 
 Potosi 
 
 8,644 
 
 
 855 
 
 
 1.330 
 
 
 955 
 
 Watterstown 
 
 604 
 1.017 
 
 
 734 
 
 
 562 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 80.037 
 
 18.944 
 
 65 
 
 40 
 
 39.086 
 
 
 
 GREEN LAKE COUNTY. 
 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 
 Towns. Cities AND 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 
 
 «5 
 
 6 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 fee 
 
 < 
 
 Berlin 
 
 548 
 1.586 
 ■707 
 729 
 453 
 630 
 737 
 537 
 1.076 
 390 
 332 
 
 554 
 1,755 
 691 
 759 
 442 
 654 
 682 
 521 
 1,015 
 336 
 225 
 
 
 
 1 102 
 
 
 r 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 "6 
 
 3,341 
 
 
 1,399 
 
 
 1,500 
 
 Kingston 
 
 895 
 1 285 
 
 
 "l" 
 
 
 1 419 
 
 
 1,058 
 
 
 8,091 
 
 
 726 
 
 
 458 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 7,632 
 
 7,642 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 15,274 
 
 
 IOWA COUNTY. 
 
 Arena 
 
 Clyde 
 
 Dodpeviile 
 
 Higliiand 
 
 Linden 
 
 MifHin 
 
 Mineral Point 
 
 Mineral Point city . 
 
 Moscow 
 
 Pulaslti 
 
 RidReway 
 
 Waldwicfc 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 Total 18,384 
 
 ,004 
 390 
 .854 
 .565 
 .078 
 818 
 806 
 .458 
 484 
 785 
 ,299 
 480 
 362 
 
 924 
 
 367 
 ,870 
 ,459 
 972 
 705 
 715 
 ,581 
 443 
 718 
 ,174 
 434 
 368 
 
 11.714 
 
 ■'i' 
 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 '}.. 
 
 4 
 
 JACKSON COUNTY. 
 
 Albion 
 
 Alma 
 
 Garden Valley. 
 
 Hixton 
 
 Irving 
 
 MancYiester..., 
 
 Melrose 
 
 Millston 
 
 NorthfieUl .. . 
 Springfield 
 
 Total 
 
 1.428 
 
 1.334 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 699 
 
 620 
 
 
 
 549 
 
 477 
 
 
 
 714 
 
 554 
 
 
 
 669 
 
 588 
 
 
 
 326 
 
 197 
 
 
 
 613 
 
 646 
 
 
 
 128 
 
 82 
 
 
 
 448 
 
 439 
 
 
 
 565 
 
 467 
 
 
 
 
 6.039 
 
 5.294 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 1,930 
 
 757 
 3.725 
 3.024 
 2.059 
 1.526 
 1.537 
 3.054 
 
 937 
 1.497 
 2.473 
 
 914 
 
 730 
 
 34.133 
 
 8,768 
 
 1.319 
 
 1.036 
 
 1.268 
 
 1.257 
 
 433 
 
 1,159 
 
 810 
 
 877 
 
 1,038 
 
 11,339 
 
 JEFFERSON COUNTY. 
 
 
 669 
 770 
 375 
 
 1.215 
 665 
 980 
 
 2.081 
 
 1.744 
 745 
 799 
 571 
 798 
 757 
 248 
 586 
 418 
 
 1.115 
 
 3.286 
 
 635 
 
 747 
 350 
 
 1,198 
 608 
 857 
 
 1,958 
 
 1,810 
 720 
 753 
 515 
 778 
 73b 
 255 
 489 
 397 
 
 1,065 
 
 S,283 
 
 4 
 2 
 6 
 3 
 
 "2 
 21 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 
 ■'i' 
 
 13 
 
 1,312 
 
 
 1,622 
 
 734 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.273 
 
 
 1.777 
 
 
 4 041 
 
 
 3.556 
 
 
 1.499 
 
 
 1.551 
 
 
 1.086 
 
 
 1 576 
 
 Sullivan 
 
 
 
 1.483 
 503 
 
 
 1.016 
 
 
 815 
 
 
 
 
 2,180 
 6,569 
 
 Watertowii city, 1st, 2d, 3d, 
 4th. and 7tU wards 
 
 Total 
 
 17.703 
 
 17,137 
 
 40 
 
 29 
 
 34 908 
 
 
 
, STATISTICS OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 253 
 
 JUNKAU COUNTY. 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 Towns. Cities and 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 (U 
 
 VlLLACKS. 
 
 
 ^ 
 li 
 
 Z 
 
 b 
 
 
 
 to 
 < 
 
 
 117 
 135 
 397 
 390 
 309 
 553 
 556 
 274 
 259 
 178 
 548 
 1,001 
 558 
 267 
 748 
 419 
 510 
 774 
 
 119 
 115 
 343 
 322 
 249 
 519 
 510 
 240 
 224 
 160 
 569 
 864 
 573 
 248 
 690 
 377 
 460 
 719 
 
 r 
 
 T 
 
 "i" 
 
 1 
 
 236 
 250 
 740 
 712 
 558 
 1,072 
 1,066 
 514 
 
 Clearfield 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 483 
 
 338 
 
 1,118 
 
 1,865 
 
 1,133 
 
 516 
 
 
 
 
 New Lisbon village 
 
 
 1,438 
 796 
 
 
 
 
 1,495 
 
 
 
 7.993 
 
 7,301 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 15,300 
 
 
 KENOSHA COUNTY. 
 
 Brighton 
 
 Bristol 
 
 Kenosha city — 
 
 Paris 
 
 Pleasant Prairie, 
 
 Randall.. 
 
 Soniers 
 
 Salem 
 
 Wheatland 
 
 Total 
 
 561 
 
 505 
 
 
 
 585 
 
 552 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2.426 
 
 2.533 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 539 
 
 479 
 
 
 
 734 
 
 723 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 297 
 
 252 
 
 
 
 793 
 
 657 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 697 
 
 669 
 
 
 
 434 
 
 433 
 
 
 
 7.066 
 
 6.803 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 1,066 
 1.137 
 4,959 
 1.018 
 1.457 
 
 549 
 1.450 
 1.366 
 
 867 
 
 13.907 
 
 ICEWAUNEE COUNTY. 
 
 
 687 
 532 
 706 
 742 
 747 
 1.337 
 497 
 623 
 917 
 718 
 
 632 
 506 
 706 
 657 
 726 
 1.233 
 440 
 534 
 780 
 685 
 
 
 
 1 319 
 
 Ahiiapee village 
 
 1 038 
 
 Carlton 
 
 1 412 
 
 
 1.399 
 
 Franklin ... 
 
 1 473 
 
 Kewaunee town & village. 
 
 
 2,570 
 
 
 
 
 1.157 
 
 
 1.697 
 
 Red River 
 
 1.403 
 
 
 7,506 
 
 6.899 
 
 
 
 14,405 
 
 
 LA CROSSE COUNTY. 
 
 
 366 
 667 
 516 
 528 
 919 
 426 
 863 
 461 
 
 1.131 
 725 
 
 1,784 
 596 
 
 1,195 
 712 
 393 
 482 
 499 
 
 348 
 604 
 485 
 375 
 940 
 380 
 839 
 402 
 
 1,205 
 640 
 
 1.916 
 753 
 982 
 666 
 287 
 355 
 423 
 
 
 
 714 
 
 1,271 
 991 
 906 
 
 Bangor 
 
 Burns 
 
 "2 
 2 
 
 "i' 
 
 "i' 
 
 1 
 
 Campbell 
 
 Farnilngton 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 Uauiiltou 
 
 1.862 
 806 
 
 1.703 
 863 
 
 2.392 
 1.373 
 3.711 
 1 354 
 
 Holland 
 
 Lacrosse city- 
 
 33 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 23 
 2 
 
 i 
 2 
 
 .... 
 
 
 Third ward 
 
 Fourth ward 
 
 Fifth waid 
 
 2; 183 
 
 1,378 
 
 680 
 
 837 
 
 922 
 
 Onalaska town 
 
 Onalaska village 
 
 Shelby f. 
 
 Washington 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 12.263 
 
 11.590 
 
 55 
 
 37 
 
 23,946 
 
 
 l.A FAYETTE COUNTY. 
 
 Towns. Cities and 
 Villages. 
 
 Argyle 
 
 Belmunt 
 
 Benton 
 
 Blanchard 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Elk Grove 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Gratiot. 
 
 Kendall 
 
 Monticello 
 
 New Diggings 
 
 Seymour 
 
 ShuUsburg 
 
 Wayne 
 
 White Oak Springs 
 
 Willow Springs 
 
 Wiota 
 
 Total 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 [^ 
 
 583 
 
 571 
 
 
 
 660 
 
 591 
 
 
 1 
 
 886 
 
 795 
 
 
 
 273 
 
 256 
 
 
 
 1,330 
 
 1,341 
 
 
 
 510 
 
 423 
 
 
 
 602 
 
 595 
 
 
 
 866 
 
 855 
 
 
 
 468 
 
 420 
 
 
 
 238 
 
 231 
 
 
 
 922. 
 
 883 
 
 
 
 522 
 
 416 
 
 
 
 1,253 
 
 1.287 
 
 1 
 
 
 554 
 
 527 
 
 
 
 231 
 
 215 
 
 509 
 
 
 
 555 
 
 
 
 935 
 
 866 
 
 1 
 
 
 11,388 
 
 10.781 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1,154 
 1,251 
 1,681 
 
 529 
 2,671 
 
 933 
 1,197 
 1,721 
 
 888 
 
 469 
 1,805 
 
 358 
 2.540 
 1.081 
 
 446 
 1,064 
 1,801 
 
 22.169 
 
 LINCOLN COUNTY. 
 
 Jenny . 
 
 523 372 
 
 895 
 
 MAKQUETTE COUNTY. 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 362 
 384 
 381 
 260 
 459 
 356 
 219 
 331 
 
 i?I 
 343 
 343 
 
 163 
 338 
 
 370 
 330 
 338 
 271 
 425 
 352 
 179 
 338 
 253 
 268 
 326 
 307 
 146 
 304 
 
 1 
 
 
 732 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 531 
 
 Montello 
 
 884 
 708 
 
 Mecan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 530 
 
 Oxford 
 
 542 
 
 
 669 
 
 Shield 
 
 
 
 309 
 
 Westfield 
 
 642 
 
 
 
 
 4.490 
 
 4,207 
 
 1 
 
 
 8.697 
 
 
 
 MARATHON COUNTY. 
 
 
 109 
 585 
 359 
 373 
 135 
 414 
 232 
 307 
 479 
 159 
 439 
 1.560 
 110 
 263 
 
 50 
 539 
 223 
 298 
 129 
 351 
 235 
 238 
 430 
 119 
 385 
 1,260 
 114 
 215 
 
 
 
 159 
 
 Berlin 
 
 1,124 
 
 
 582 
 
 Hull 
 
 671 
 
 
 264 
 
 
 765 
 
 
 467 
 
 
 545 
 
 
 909 
 
 
 278 
 
 
 824 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 2,820 
 
 
 224 
 
 Weston 
 
 479 
 
 
 
 
 5,524 
 
 4,586 
 
 
 1 
 
 10,111 
 
 
 
254 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 MANITOWOC COUNTY. 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 Towns, (.'ities and 
 
 Wi 
 
 ite. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 
 _5J 
 
 s 
 
 6 
 B 
 
 "3 
 
 Cato 
 
 951 
 824 
 881 
 773 
 935 
 934 
 
 1,176 
 728 
 
 3.226 
 606 
 885 
 901 
 
 1,060 
 779 
 
 1,057 
 594 
 
 1.005 
 
 1.019 
 858 
 343 
 
 955 
 
 883 
 
 887 
 875 
 
 1,084 
 692 
 
 3,498 
 528 
 767 
 853 
 
 1,014 
 644 
 
 1,016 
 549 
 953 
 932 
 857 
 313 
 
 
 
 1.906 
 1.604 
 
 Ceuterviile 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.564 
 1,822 
 1,809 
 2,260 
 1,420 
 5,724 
 1.234 
 1.652 
 1.754 
 2.074 
 1.423 
 2,073 
 1,143 
 1,968 
 1.951 
 1.715 
 666 
 
 Franklin 
 
 i 
 
 
 liibson 
 
 Kossuth 
 
 
 
 Mishicott 
 
 Meeme 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Newton 
 
 
 
 
 Two Rivers town 
 
 TwoCreeiis 
 
 
 
 
 19,535 
 
 18,921 
 
 1 
 
 
 38.456 
 
 
 MILWAUKEE COUNTY. 
 
 Milwaul^ee city- 
 First ward 
 
 4.427 
 6.874 
 3,693 
 5,025 
 4.315 
 3.929 
 3.289 
 3.332 
 4.330 
 3, .584 
 3.397 
 2.026 
 1,758 
 945 
 1.343 
 2.416 
 1,232 
 1,155 
 2,876 
 1,812 
 
 5,101 
 6.617 
 3,483 
 5.491 
 3,978 
 3,995 
 .3.774 
 3,336 
 2,328 
 3,577 
 3.2.50 
 1.988 
 1.694 
 878 
 1.299 
 1,815 
 1,199 
 1.051 
 2.370 
 1.755 
 
 1 
 
 "8 
 
 70 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 TO 
 10 
 
 ■2' 
 
 9.532 
 
 1.3.491 
 
 7 190 
 
 Third ward 
 
 Fourth ward 
 
 10 6t6 
 
 Fifth ward ... 
 
 8.310 
 7.924 
 7,072 
 6.668 
 8.658 
 7,161 
 6,647 
 4,014 
 3 45'* 
 
 Sixth ward.... 
 
 Seventh ward 
 
 
 Ninth ward 
 
 
 
 Tenth ward 
 
 Eleventll ward 
 
 Twelftli ward. 
 
 
 
 Tliirteenth ward 
 
 Franklin 
 
 "2" 
 
 1 
 
 '2" 
 
 1 
 
 1.823 
 2.646 
 4.233 
 2,431 
 2,206 
 5,246 
 3,567 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 Wauw,atosa . 
 
 Granville 
 
 Oak Creek 
 
 Lake 
 
 Milwaukee town 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 61,758 
 
 60.979 
 
 96 
 
 94 
 
 122,927 
 
 
 MONKOE COUNTY. 
 
 Adrian 
 
 373 
 274 
 193 
 408 
 706 
 387 
 507 
 234 
 422 
 404 
 333 
 462 
 81 
 370 
 478 
 630 
 400 
 1,814 
 1.154 
 460 
 575 
 335 
 
 11.000 
 
 308 
 256 
 138 
 381 
 591 
 328 
 459 
 206 
 396 
 338 
 277 
 381 
 74 
 323 
 408 
 516 
 342 
 1.923 
 1.077 
 397 
 512 
 294 
 
 
 
 681 
 
 
 530 
 
 
 2 
 
 35 
 
 .331 
 
 Clifton 
 
 789 
 
 
 1.297 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 715 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 966 
 
 
 440 
 
 
 886 
 
 jeon 
 
 Little Falls 
 
 742 
 613 
 
 
 843 
 
 
 155 
 
 
 710 
 
 Portlaiid, ... 
 
 886 
 
 Ridgevi lie 
 
 1.146 
 742 
 
 Sheldon 
 
 
 
 Sparta 
 
 Tomah, 
 
 3,750 
 
 2,231 
 
 857 
 
 Wellington... . 
 
 
 
 Wilton 
 
 
 
 1,087 
 629 
 
 Wells 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total.. 
 
 9.925 
 
 47 
 
 54 
 
 21,026 
 
 
 OCONTO COUNTY. 
 
 I'OPirLATION. 
 
 XOWNP. ClTEK.S AND 
 
 WliUf. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 IS 
 
 < 
 
 Gillett 
 
 196 
 
 551 
 
 153 
 
 1.446 
 
 56 :J 
 
 2,371 
 
 1.495 
 
 744 
 
 268 
 
 179 
 361 
 108 
 
 1,086 
 
 453 
 
 2,086 
 
 1,022 
 
 537 
 
 185 
 
 
 
 375 
 912 
 
 Little SuainifO 
 
 Maple Valley 
 
 260 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 •z' 
 
 
 2,537 
 1,017 
 4,457 
 2.,520 
 1,281 
 453 
 
 
 
 
 
 Stiles 
 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 
 Total 
 
 7.786 
 
 6,017 
 
 13.812 
 
 OUTAGAMIE COUNTY. 
 
 
 .3,307 
 489 
 538 
 546 
 836 
 238 
 636 
 170 
 689 
 860 
 842 
 719 
 662 
 980 
 263 
 408 
 111 
 100 
 290 
 759 
 
 3,403 
 492 
 429 
 463 
 718 
 179 
 616 
 140 
 655 
 731 
 811 
 669 
 633 
 937 
 236 
 338 
 92 
 100 
 247 
 624 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 "4" 
 
 "2' 
 "l" 
 
 9 
 
 6.730 
 
 981 
 
 
 
 
 1.009 
 
 1,559 
 
 417 
 
 
 Cicero 
 
 Dale 
 
 1,052 
 310 
 
 Deer Creek 
 
 
 1,353 
 1,581 
 ,«53 
 
 .388 
 ,095 
 ,917 
 499 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 New London, 3d ward 
 
 200 
 537 
 
 Seymour 
 
 1 384 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1.3.233 
 
 12,.il3 
 
 22 
 
 20 
 
 25,558 
 
 OZAUKEE COUNTY. 
 
 Cedarburg .. 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Fredonia 
 
 Grafton 
 
 Mequon 
 
 Port Wasliingtoii, 
 •Saukville 
 
 Total 
 
 1,376 
 
 1.268 
 
 
 
 1,043 
 
 1.009 
 
 
 
 992 
 
 924 
 
 
 
 910 
 
 844 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1,617 
 
 1,522 
 
 
 
 1.497 
 
 1,481 
 
 
 
 1.081 
 
 979 
 
 
 
 8.616 
 
 8,029 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2,644 
 2.052 
 1.916 
 1,756 
 3,139 
 2.978 
 2,060 
 
 16.545 
 
 PIERCE COUNTY. 
 
 Clifton 
 
 388 
 307 
 645 
 887 
 380 
 628 
 124 
 556 
 544 
 484 
 535 
 963 
 430 
 167 
 403 
 513 
 297 
 326 
 
 324 
 250 
 554 
 248 
 343 
 542 
 101 
 514 
 480 
 415 
 644 
 934 
 369 
 141 
 327 
 464 
 252 
 253 
 
 .... 
 
 
 713 
 557 
 
 Ellsworth 
 
 1.200 
 
 El Paso 
 
 635 
 
 Uilman 
 
 Hartland 
 
 
 
 723 
 
 1,170 
 
 225 
 
 Isabella 
 
 Marten 
 
 
 
 1,070 
 1,024 
 
 
 '29 
 10 
 
 •■4 
 
 24 
 9 
 
 "2 
 
 Frescott rity 
 
 1 132 
 
 River Falls 
 
 1,916 
 
 Rock Elm 
 
 799 
 
 
 308 
 
 
 730 
 
 Trimbelle 
 
 973 
 
 
 649 
 
 
 579 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 7.977 
 
 7.045 
 
 44 
 
 35 
 
 15,101 
 
STATISTICS OF WISCONSIX. 
 
 255 
 
 POLK COUNTY. 
 
 
 POPULATION 
 
 Towns, Cities and 
 
 Wliite. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3; 
 
 s 
 
 to 
 1! 
 
 Alden 
 
 510 
 376 
 266 
 209 
 425 
 399 
 209 
 61 
 160 
 105 
 486 
 208 
 134 
 
 447 
 318 
 
 268 
 174 
 
 141 
 45 
 157 
 85 
 488 
 198 
 110 
 
 
 
 957 
 
 Black Brook 
 
 694 
 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 383 
 
 
 777 
 721 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 *47 
 
 .... 
 
 ■9 
 
 Luck 
 
 453 
 
 
 
 
 317 
 
 Mllltown 
 
 209 
 
 Osceola 
 
 St. Croix Falls 
 
 914 
 406 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 3.548 
 
 3,045 
 
 78 
 
 65 
 
 6,736 
 
 PORTAGE COUNTY. 
 
 Amherst 
 
 650 
 376 
 248 
 394 
 277 
 126 
 522 
 309 
 244 
 541 
 571 
 141 
 651 
 783 
 234 
 
 719 
 741 
 315 
 
 575 
 345 
 230 
 332 
 232 
 120 
 497 
 295 
 199 
 496 
 514 
 130 
 616 
 711 
 1.S4 
 
 612 
 
 687 
 289 
 
 
 
 1.225 
 
 
 478 
 726 
 
 Buena Vista 
 
 
 
 Eau Pleine 
 
 509 
 
 
 
 Hull 
 
 1,019 
 
 
 
 443 
 
 New Hope 
 
 1.037 
 1,085 
 
 271 
 1.267 
 1,494 
 
 368 
 
 Plover 
 
 PlneGrove 
 
 Sharon 
 
 1 
 
 
 Stevens Point town 
 
 Stevens Point city- 
 
 1.331 
 
 1.428 
 
 604 
 
 Second ward 
 
 Tbird ward 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 7,842 
 
 7.0- 
 
 1 
 
 
 14,856 
 
 
 PEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Albany 
 
 194 
 497 
 271 
 311 
 759 
 815 
 B93 
 120 
 
 181 
 478 
 233 
 274 
 644 
 288 
 635 
 117 
 
 "i' 
 
 
 375 
 
 Dn r and. 
 
 975 
 
 Frankfort 
 
 504 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 606 
 
 WaterviUe 
 
 
 
 1,128 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 3.060 
 
 3,750 
 
 2 
 
 
 5,816 
 
 
 ROCK COUNTY. 
 
 Avon 
 
 Beloittown 
 
 Beloit city 
 
 Bradford 
 
 Center 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Harmony 
 
 •Janesvllfetown, 
 .lanesviilecity., 
 
 Johnstown 
 
 La Prairie 
 
 Lima 
 
 Magnolia 
 
 Milton 
 
 Newark 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Porter 
 
 Rock 
 
 ^rlng Valley... 
 
 Turtle 
 
 Union 
 
 Total 
 
 445 
 
 433 
 344 
 
 
 
 878 
 
 377 
 
 2 
 
 
 723 
 
 2.162 
 
 2,371 
 
 39 
 
 33 
 
 4,605 
 
 506 
 
 473 
 
 2 
 
 
 981 
 
 642 
 
 498 
 
 
 I 
 
 1.041 
 
 966 
 
 952 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1,922 
 
 1,060 
 
 950 
 
 1 
 
 
 2,011 
 
 613 
 
 523 
 
 
 
 1,136 
 
 463 
 
 400 
 
 
 
 853 
 
 5,040 
 
 5,015 
 
 34 
 
 26 
 
 10,115 
 
 611 
 
 576 
 
 4 
 
 
 1,191 
 
 434 
 
 887 
 
 1 
 
 
 822 
 
 598 
 
 633 
 
 
 
 1,131 
 
 562 
 
 515 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1.079 
 
 945 
 
 930 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 1,877 
 
 483 
 
 471 
 
 
 
 954 
 
 639 
 
 603 
 
 
 
 1,242 
 
 609 
 
 546 
 
 
 
 1,155 
 
 522 
 
 497 
 
 
 
 1,019 
 
 680 
 
 558 
 
 
 
 1,138 
 
 592 
 
 537 
 
 2 
 
 
 1,131 
 
 1,009 
 
 1,015 
 
 1 
 
 6? 
 
 2 025 
 
 9.758 
 
 19,127 
 
 90 
 
 39.039 
 
 RACINE COUNTY. 
 
 Towns. Cities and 
 Villages. 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 QJ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a; 
 
 
 <u 
 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 fr. 
 
 y 
 
 ;x4 
 
 < 
 
 
 1,403 
 
 1,502 
 538 
 
 1,237 
 506 
 
 6.571 
 824 
 436 
 789 
 810 
 
 1.424 
 
 1,345 
 455 
 
 1,104 
 457 
 
 6,590 
 710 
 408 
 725 
 765 
 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 "4" 
 
 62 
 
 1' 
 
 "2 
 51 
 
 2,827 
 2,847 
 
 993 
 2,341 
 
 963 
 13.274 
 LSJI 
 
 1,B14 
 
 1,56S 
 
 
 
 Mt. Pleasant 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 14,616 
 
 13,973 
 
 69 
 
 53 
 
 28,703 
 
 
 RICHLAND COUNTY, 
 
 Akan 
 
 Bloom 
 
 Buena Vista. 
 
 Dayton 
 
 Eagle — "... 
 
 Foreat 
 
 Henrietta... 
 
 Ithaca 
 
 Marshall 
 
 Orion 
 
 Richland.... 
 Richwood... 
 Rockbridge. 
 
 Sylvan 
 
 Westford.... 
 Willow 
 
 Total.. 
 
 36J 
 685 
 560 
 573 
 598 
 490 
 463 
 622 
 463 
 353 
 902 
 749 
 588 
 527 
 627 
 435 
 
 381 
 614 
 526 
 525 
 587 
 422 
 448 
 597 
 440 
 334 
 965 
 690 
 544 
 483 
 477 
 403 
 
 
 
 742 
 1,299 
 1,086 
 1,098 
 
 'ill 
 
 911 
 1,219 
 
 ^8? 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 'io 
 
 ■3' 
 
 ,874 
 .440 
 .133 
 
 3:8J2 
 
 851 
 
 8,896 
 
 8,436 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 17.353 
 
 ST. CROIX COUNTY. 
 
 Baldwin. 
 
 160 
 355 
 184 
 335 
 636 
 173 
 277 
 648 
 346 
 979 
 394 
 361 
 329 
 604 
 277 
 
 259 
 858 
 164 
 620 
 378 
 
 119 
 247 
 145 
 209 
 667 
 128 
 350 
 672 
 397 
 893 
 831 
 260 
 316 
 635 
 361 
 308 
 233 
 314 
 
 i 
 
 "4 
 T 
 
 i" 
 
 
 279 
 
 Baldwin village 
 
 603 
 
 Cady 
 
 
 
 447 
 
 
 
 
 '303 
 
 
 539 
 
 
 1 230 
 
 
 '643 
 
 
 1,977 
 
 
 725 
 
 Pleasant Vailey 
 
 621 
 645 
 
 
 1,140 
 
 
 538 
 
 
 680 
 
 
 483 
 
 
 672 
 
 
 330 
 
 
 916 
 
 
 683 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 8.009 
 
 6,941 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 14,966 
 
 
 
 
 
 SAUK COUNTY, 
 
 Baraboo 
 
 Bear Creek 
 
 2,026 
 406 
 416 
 311 
 567 
 382 
 483 
 560 
 
 1,931 
 402 
 413 
 281 
 485 
 343 
 449 
 497 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 1 
 
 3,976 
 808 
 829 
 592 
 
 1.063 
 724 
 932 
 
 1,057 
 
 7>elton. 
 
 
 
 Fairfield 
 
 Franklin 
 
 
 
 Freedom 
 
 
 
 
256 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 SAUK COUNTY.-Cont'cl. 
 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 Towns, Cities and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a; 
 
 « 
 
 
 Oj 
 
 B 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 fe 
 
 .;; 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 Honey Creek.. 
 
 Ironton 
 
 La V:*lie 
 
 Merrimack.... 
 Prairie tin Sao 
 
 ReedsburK 
 
 Spring Creek. 
 
 Sumpter 
 
 Troy 
 
 Washington... 
 
 Westfleld 
 
 Winfield 
 
 Woodland 
 
 Total 
 
 391 
 
 374 
 
 1 
 
 
 648 
 
 622 
 
 
 , 
 
 678 
 
 6)3 
 
 
 
 604 
 
 549 
 
 
 
 456 
 
 430 
 
 
 
 954 
 
 1,045 
 
 
 
 1.114 
 
 1,126 
 
 2 
 
 
 533 
 
 516 
 
 
 
 382 
 
 381 
 
 
 
 551 
 
 501 
 
 
 
 567 
 
 526 
 
 
 
 683 
 
 632 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 439 
 
 378 
 
 
 
 645 
 
 575 
 
 
 
 13.816 
 
 13.088 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 
 SHAWANO COUNTY. 
 
 Almund 
 
 Angelico 
 
 Belle Plaine 
 
 Grant 
 
 Greeu Valley... 
 
 Hartland 
 
 Herman 
 
 Maple Grove. .. 
 
 Navareno 
 
 Palla 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Sessor 
 
 Seneca 
 
 Shawano town,. 
 Shawano city... 
 
 Washincton 
 
 Waukec-uan 
 
 53 
 206 
 363 
 272 
 150 
 477 
 147 
 243 
 
 80 
 238 
 164 
 
 90 
 
 72 
 131 
 405 
 239 
 218 
 
 Total 3,548 
 
 30 
 130 
 345 
 198 
 124 
 441 
 135 
 196 
 
 68 
 
 60 
 
 93 
 
 362 
 
 216 
 
 197 
 
 3.048 
 
 26 13 
 
 •Stockbridge Indians. 
 
 SHEBOYGAN COUNTY. 
 
 766 
 1.270 
 1.311 
 1.153 
 
 886 
 1.999 
 3.242 
 1.049 
 
 773 
 1.052 
 1.093 
 1.320 
 
 827 
 1.220 
 
 26.932 
 
 83 
 236 
 708 
 470 
 291 
 918 
 283 
 439 
 148 
 466 
 300 
 179 
 132 
 324 
 789 
 455 
 416 
 
 6.635 
 
 
 1.004 
 
 1.152 
 
 1.535 
 
 1.167 
 
 864 
 
 637 
 
 552 
 
 1.369 
 
 793 
 
 283 
 
 754 
 
 796 
 
 565 
 1,150 
 736 
 918 
 993 
 612 
 872 
 616 
 
 969 
 
 1.085 
 
 1.402 
 
 1.149 
 
 793 
 
 544 
 
 541 
 
 1.306 
 
 776 
 
 267 
 
 750 
 
 710 
 
 631 
 1.192 
 683 
 953 
 917 
 563 
 815 
 606 
 
 
 
 1.973 
 
 
 i" 
 
 
 2.237 
 
 Holland 
 
 2.937 
 
 
 2.316 
 
 
 1.658 
 
 
 1,181 
 
 Mosel 
 
 1,093 
 
 
 2.675 
 
 Rhine 
 
 
 
 1.569 
 
 
 550 
 
 
 1,504 
 
 
 1,506 
 
 Shebov-gan city— 
 
 1.196 
 
 
 3,342 
 
 
 1.419 
 
 
 
 
 1.871 
 
 
 1.910 
 
 Sheboygan Falls village ... 
 
 
 
 1.175 
 1.687 
 
 Wilson 
 
 1.222 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 17.368 
 
 16.652 
 
 1 
 
 
 34.021 
 
 TRE3IPEALEAU COUNTY. 
 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 
 TowNP, Cities AND 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 
 3^ 
 
 
 — ' 
 1 
 
 
 bo 
 
 9 
 U 
 
 be 
 
 < ■ 
 
 Arcadia 
 
 Albion 
 
 Burnside 
 
 Caledonia..., 
 
 Dodsre 
 
 EttrTck 
 
 Gale 
 
 Hale 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Preston 
 
 Pigeon 
 
 Snniiier 
 
 Trempealeau, 
 
 Total.... 
 
 1,464 
 
 1368 
 
 
 
 301 
 
 169 
 
 
 
 547 
 
 493 
 
 
 
 293 
 
 212 
 
 
 
 285 
 
 291 
 
 
 
 774 
 
 741 
 
 
 
 889 
 
 856 
 
 
 
 557 
 
 463 
 
 
 410 
 
 335 
 
 
 755 
 
 706 
 
 3 
 
 
 316 
 
 303 
 
 
 
 406 
 
 412 
 
 
 
 883 
 
 795 
 
 1 
 
 
 7.844 
 
 7.144 
 
 4 
 
 
 TAYLOR COUNTY. 
 
 I 
 
 548 I 297 I 71 1 3 
 
 VERNON COUNTY. 
 
 Bloomfield 
 
 Darien 
 
 Delavan village.. 
 Delavan town... 
 
 E.ast Troy 
 
 Elkhorn 
 
 Geneva village.. 
 
 Geneva town 
 
 La yayette 
 
 La Grange 
 
 Linn 
 
 Lyons. 
 
 Btchmond 
 
 ShBron 
 
 SpringPrairie... 
 
 Sugar Creek 
 
 Troy 
 
 Wafwortli 
 
 Whitewater 
 
 Total 13.149 
 
 591 
 713 
 836 
 385 
 704 
 510 
 836 
 541 
 514 
 506 
 443 
 736 
 490 
 
 1.001 
 596 
 502 
 530 
 655 
 
 !.060 
 
 516 
 729 
 933 
 379 
 685 
 589 
 844 
 468 
 495 
 449 
 427 
 664 
 435 
 973 
 584 
 476 
 481 
 616 
 2,32S 
 
 13.067 18 25 
 
 3.832 
 370 
 
 1,040 
 510 
 576 
 
 1,515 
 
 1,745 
 
 1,020 
 745 
 
 1,464 
 619 
 878 
 
 1,678 
 
 14,992 
 
 849 
 
 
 476 
 734 
 483 
 506 
 361 
 703 
 358 
 451 
 650 
 519 
 584 
 ■642 
 554 
 254 
 464 
 659 
 355 
 1,046 
 522 
 442 
 403 
 
 4.58 
 640 
 456 
 451 
 343 
 638 
 359 
 434 
 569 
 487 
 ,524 
 552 
 561 
 223 
 435 
 621 
 266 
 970 
 473 
 441 
 344 
 
 1 
 ■55 
 
 1 
 '53 
 
 936 
 
 
 1.374 
 
 
 939 
 
 
 957 
 
 Forest 
 
 812 
 
 
 1,341 
 
 
 717 
 
 Greenwood 
 
 885 
 1,319 
 1,006 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,108 
 
 1,194 
 
 1.115 
 
 447 
 
 
 .... 
 
 r 
 "i 
 
 'l' 
 
 Kickapoo j . . . 
 
 
 899 
 
 Sterling 
 
 1.280 
 
 
 623 
 
 
 2 016 
 
 
 996 
 
 Wheatland 
 
 883 
 
 
 747 
 
 
 
 
 11.166 
 
 10.245 
 
 58 
 
 ^fi 
 
 31,584 
 
 
 
 
 WALWORTH COUNTY. 
 
 1,107 
 
 1,442 
 
 1,785 
 
 764 
 
 1,389 
 
 1,099 
 
 1.680 
 
 1.010 
 
 1.009 
 
 9&S 
 
 870 
 
 \,m 
 
 926 
 1,989 
 1.180 
 
 978 
 1,011 
 1.270 
 4,895 
 
 26.259 
 
STATISTICS OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 25r 
 
 WASHINGTON COUNTY. 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 Towns. Cities and 
 Villages. 
 
 White. 
 
 Colorea 
 
 
 Male. 
 Female. 
 
 a5 
 
 — 
 3 
 
 £ 
 
 Addison 
 
 BartoQ 
 
 Erin 
 
 Farmingtoii 
 
 Germantowu , 
 
 Hartford , 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Kewasknm 
 
 Polk , 
 
 Riclifield 
 
 Schieisingerville.., 
 
 Trenton 
 
 Wayne 
 
 West Bend town.... 
 West Bend village, 
 
 Total 
 
 951 
 
 660 
 
 613 
 
 878 
 
 1.030 
 
 1,403 
 
 1.028 
 
 731 
 
 936 
 
 921 
 
 220 
 
 1.005 
 
 855 
 
 451 
 
 601 
 
 857 
 689 
 571 
 839 
 955 
 1.821 
 1,014 
 
 1% 
 819 
 160 
 907 
 855 
 444 
 624 
 
 
 
 1,808 
 
 1 
 
 
 1,350 
 1 183 
 
 ■3' 
 
 
 1,717 
 1.985 
 2.727 
 
 
 
 1,434 
 
 
 
 1 756 
 
 
 
 1 740 
 
 :::; 
 
 
 380 
 1,912 
 1,710 
 
 893 
 
 
 
 1,325 
 
 12,282 
 
 11,576 
 
 4 
 
 
 23,862 
 
 WAUKESHA COUNTY. 
 
 Brookfield 
 
 1,128 
 792 
 617 
 746 
 761 
 
 1,205 
 778 
 562 
 766 
 887 
 464 
 759 
 996 
 
 1,054 
 619 
 657 
 
 1.031 
 
 1.318 
 
 1,095 
 716 
 605 
 629 
 658 
 
 1,143 
 736 
 573 
 684 
 820 
 419 
 710 
 
 1,115 
 
 1,016 
 540 
 
 ?gg 
 1,449 
 
 
 "l' 
 
 2 228 
 
 Delafleld 
 
 1 509 
 
 Eafile 
 
 1,224 
 
 Genesee 
 
 1,376 
 1,421 
 
 
 3 348 
 
 
 1,522 
 
 
 1,135 
 
 
 "4 
 4 
 
 ■4 
 21 
 
 "4 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 1.450 
 1,707 
 
 New Berlin 
 
 
 893 
 
 
 1,474 
 
 
 2,121 
 
 
 2,080 
 
 
 1.159 
 
 
 1.247 
 
 
 1.735 
 
 Waukesha Tillage 
 
 2,807 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 15,140 
 
 14,196 
 
 33 
 
 26 
 
 29,425 
 
 
 
 WAUPACA COUNTY. 
 
 Bear Creek 
 
 .393 
 478 
 426 
 131 
 411 
 456 
 111 
 478 
 388 
 408 
 534 
 588 
 198 
 510 
 875 
 511 
 566 
 448 
 205 
 938 
 413 
 • 261 
 437 
 
 384 
 451 
 390 
 119 
 363 
 402 
 113 
 439 
 376 
 363 
 203 
 S32 
 182 
 426 
 801 
 495 
 512 
 397 
 184 
 1,036 
 369 
 237 
 388 
 
 ".'.'. 
 
 
 777 
 
 
 
 
 817 
 
 
 250 
 
 
 774 
 
 
 858 
 
 
 
 lola 
 
 917 
 
 
 764 
 
 
 771 
 
 , nd 
 
 
 ■ ttle Wolf 
 
 
 
 1,120 
 
 
 372 
 
 Mukwa 
 
 966 
 
 New London 
 
 1,682 
 
 Royalton 
 
 ScandlnaTla 
 
 1,006 
 
 1,078 
 
 845 
 
 
 
 
 1,976 
 
 
 782 
 
 
 498 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 10.146 
 
 9,451 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 19,646 
 
 
 
 WAUSHAKA COUNTY. 
 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 Towns. Cities and 
 Villages. 
 
 White. 
 
 Colored 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 ai 
 
 E 
 ■a 
 
 
 .\urora 
 
 537 
 693 
 137 
 356 
 122 
 323 
 443 
 309 
 300 
 331 
 459 
 473 
 193 
 180 
 384 
 245 
 322 
 347 
 
 473 
 
 666 
 147 
 244 
 114 
 256 
 399 
 279 
 369 
 277 
 397 
 437 
 185 
 186 
 319 
 226 
 335 
 361 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 .... 
 
 1,030 
 
 1,358 
 
 384 
 
 500 
 
 336 
 
 
 Coloma 
 
 Deerfield 
 
 
 
 842 
 588 
 569 
 608 
 856 
 910 
 378 
 366 
 703 
 471 
 647 
 708 
 
 
 Marion 
 
 Oasis 
 
 
 Plalniield 
 
 Rose 
 
 Richford 
 
 SaxTille 
 
 Springwater 
 
 Wautoma 
 
 
 
 5,953 
 
 5.560 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 11.533 
 
 
 WINNEBAGO COUNTY. 
 
 Algoma 
 
 Black Wolf. . 
 
 393 
 
 459 
 691 
 389 
 
 1,579 
 376 
 697 
 573 
 
 3,063 
 610 
 
 1.623 
 
 8,672 
 1463 
 
 1.055 
 579 
 588 
 596 
 
 1,342 
 460 
 
 396 
 438 
 609 
 331 
 
 1,961 
 252 
 578 
 550 
 
 1,961 
 510 
 
 1,690 
 
 8,263 
 405 
 
 1,018 
 499 
 563 
 535 
 
 1,230 
 417 
 
 ■'3" 
 
 ■■3" 
 
 789 
 1 300 
 
 Clayton 
 
 Menasha 
 
 720 
 3.170 
 
 
 Nekimi 
 
 1 375 
 
 
 1123 
 
 
 1' 
 SI- 
 'S' 
 
 "4 
 
 "3- 
 41' 
 
 "i' 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oshkoshcitv. 
 
 17 015 
 
 
 868 
 
 
 2.079 
 1.078 
 
 Utica 
 
 
 1 131 
 
 
 2 577 
 
 Wolf River 
 
 877 
 
 
 Total 
 
 23,106 
 
 21,825 
 
 51 
 
 51 
 
 45.033 
 
 WOOD COUNTY. 
 
 Aburndale 
 
 Centraiia city 
 
 Dexter 
 
 Grand Rapids city. 
 
 Grand Rapids 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Port Edwards 
 
 Rudolph 
 
 Reuiington 
 
 Saratoga 
 
 ■Sigel 
 
 Seneca 
 
 Wood 
 
 Total 3,291 
 
 102 
 439 
 191 
 737 
 876 
 231 
 193 
 255 
 79 
 159 
 331 
 183 
 125 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 87 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 IIR 
 
 
 
 68(1 
 
 1 
 
 
 297 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 194 
 
 
 
 IIV 
 
 
 
 21' 
 
 .... 
 
 
 7: 
 
 
 
 14" 
 
 
 
 201 
 
 1 
 
 
 165 
 
 
 104 
 
 
 760 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 176 
 800 
 304 
 1.418 
 677 
 4SS 
 810 
 472 
 152 
 303 
 433 
 349 
 229 
 
 6,043 
 
258 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 POPULATION BY COUNTIES. 
 
 SUMMARY FROM STATE AND FEDERAL CENSUS. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 1840. 
 
 1850. 
 
 1855. 
 
 1860. 
 
 1865. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 
 187 
 
 6,868 
 
 6.492 
 
 515 
 
 13 
 
 353 
 
 11,795 
 
 3.864 
 
 7.895 
 
 1.895 
 
 789 
 
 24.441 
 
 8.068 
 43.922 
 42,818 
 
 2.948 
 812 
 
 2.704 
 
 3.162 
 34.154 
 31.189 
 19.808 
 12.663 
 18.967 
 
 4.170 
 .30.438 
 
 8.770 
 13.900 
 
 5.530 
 12.186 
 18.134 
 
 5.698 
 256 
 
 "269 
 15.282 
 
 6.776 
 171 
 
 8.638 
 
 3.278 
 
 1.011 
 26.112 
 11.011 
 60.192 
 46.841 
 
 3.098 
 532 
 
 5.170 
 
 5.281 
 42.029 
 33.618 
 20.646 
 12.596 
 20.657 
 
 5.631 
 30.597 
 10,013 
 12,676 
 
 7,039 
 14.834 
 20.358 
 
 6,601 
 221 
 
 538 
 
 344 
 
 25,168 
 
 11,123 
 
 706 
 
 12,335 
 
 8,311 
 
 3.450 
 
 28.802 
 
 13.075 
 
 53.096 
 
 47.036 
 
 4.919 
 
 1.122 
 
 9.488 
 
 10.769 
 
 46.273 
 
 37.979 
 
 23.611 
 
 1.3.195 
 
 24,544 
 
 7,687 
 
 34,050 
 
 12.396 
 
 13.177 
 
 10.281 
 
 20.295 
 
 22,667 
 
 6.502 
 
 
 
 750 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,737 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.032 
 
 
 2,107 
 
 6.215 
 
 6,699 
 832 
 
 35.373 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 14 219 
 
 
 
 
 1.456 
 
 Calumet 
 
 275 
 
 1.743 
 615 
 
 ""9!665 
 
 2.498 
 
 16,639 
 
 19.138 
 
 3,631 
 
 838 
 
 232 
 
 17.965 
 
 3,323 
 
 37,714 
 
 34,540 
 
 739 
 
 385 
 
 1,796 
 
 15.065 
 
 
 
 7.282 
 
 
 
 28.803 
 
 
 1,502 
 314 
 
 67 
 
 15.035 
 
 
 52,798 
 
 
 48,394 
 
 
 8,020 
 
 
 
 
 741 
 
 
 
 
 13,427 
 
 
 
 
 15.991 
 
 
 139 
 926 
 933 
 
 14.519 
 
 16.198 
 
 8.566 
 
 24,784 
 83.170 
 14.827 
 
 '151205 
 
 1.098 
 
 S6.869 
 
 50.241 
 
 
 39.086 
 
 
 22.027 
 
 
 15.274 
 
 
 3.978 
 
 9.522 
 "16^317 
 
 24.133 
 
 
 11.339 
 
 
 914 
 
 34.908 
 
 
 15 300 
 
 
 
 10,734 
 
 12..39'7 
 1.109 
 3.904 
 
 16.064 
 
 13.907 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23.945 
 
 
 
 11.531 
 
 22,169 
 
 
 
 895 
 
 
 235 
 
 3,702 
 
 489 
 
 508 
 
 31,077 
 
 13.048 
 
 447 
 
 1,427 
 
 46,265 
 2,407 
 1.501 
 4.914 
 
 12,973 
 
 22,416 
 2,892 
 8,233 
 
 62,518 
 8,410 
 3.592 
 9,687 
 
 15,682 
 2.392 
 4,672 
 1,400 
 7.507 
 
 21.360 
 9.732 
 
 36.690 
 5.392 
 
 18.963 
 829 
 
 26.875 
 
 26,762 
 
 3,678 
 
 7,327 
 
 72,320 
 
 11.652 
 
 4,868 
 
 11,852 
 
 14,882 
 
 3,002 
 
 6,324 
 
 1,677 
 
 8.145 
 
 22.884 
 
 12.1S6 
 
 26.033 
 
 7.255 
 
 20.154 
 
 1.369 
 
 27.671 
 
 33.369 
 
 5.885 
 
 8.057 
 
 89.936 
 
 16.562 
 
 8.322 
 
 18.440 
 
 15,579 
 
 4,659 
 
 10.003 
 
 3.422 
 
 10.640 
 
 26.742 
 
 15.736 
 
 39.030 
 
 11.039 
 
 23.868 
 
 3.165 
 
 31.773 
 
 "l6'.728 
 18.673 
 25.992 
 23.905 
 28.258 
 15.533 
 11.379 
 37.325 
 3.911 
 
 38,456 
 
 
 10.111 
 
 
 J8 
 5.605 
 
 8,597 
 
 
 122.927 
 
 
 21.02S 
 
 
 
 
 13.812 
 
 
 
 
 25.558 
 
 
 
 
 16.545 
 
 Pepin . . 
 
 
 
 5.816 
 
 
 
 
 1,720 
 
 547 
 
 5,151 
 
 20,673 
 
 5.584 
 
 31.864 
 
 2.040 
 
 13,614 
 
 254 
 
 , 20,391 
 
 15.101 
 
 
 
 ■■"i;250 
 
 14,973 
 
 963 
 
 20,7.50 
 
 624 
 
 4,371 
 
 6.736 
 
 
 i,623 
 3,475 
 
 ■■"i',7oi 
 
 809 
 102 
 
 14,856 
 
 
 
 
 17 353 
 
 Rock 
 
 39,039 
 
 
 14.956 
 
 Sauk 
 
 26.932 
 
 
 6.635 
 
 
 133 
 
 8,370 
 
 34.021 
 
 
 849 
 
 
 
 493 
 
 4,823 
 
 22,662 
 
 4.437 
 
 5.541 
 
 17.439 
 
 2.560 
 11.007 
 26.496 
 23.622 
 26.831 
 
 8.851 
 
 8.770 
 23.770 
 
 2.425 
 
 5.199 
 13.644 
 25.773 
 24.019 
 27.029 
 11.208 
 
 9.002 
 29,767 
 
 2.965 
 
 14.992 
 
 
 
 
 21.524 
 
 
 2,611 
 343 
 
 17,862 
 19,485 
 19,258 
 
 26.259 
 
 
 23.862 
 
 
 29.425 
 
 
 
 19.646 
 
 
 
 
 11.623 
 
 
 135 
 
 
 10,167 
 
 45.033 
 
 Wood. ..: 
 
 6.048 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30.945 
 
 305.391 
 
 552.109 
 
 775,881 
 
 868.325 
 
 1.054.670 
 
 1.236.729 
 
 
 
 In a note to the territory of Indiana returns appears the following: 
 sippi. had 65. and Green Bay 50 inhabitants. 
 
 "On the 1st of August. 1800. Prairie du Chien, on the Missis- 
 
STATISTICS OF WISCON^SIX. 
 
 250 
 
 NATIVITY BY COUNTIES. 
 
 CENSUS OF 1870. 
 
 Adams — 
 Ashland... 
 
 Barron 
 
 liaySekl... 
 
 Brown 
 
 Bulfalo 
 
 Burnett 
 
 Calninet — 
 Chippewa., 
 
 Clark 
 
 Columbia.. 
 Crawford. . 
 
 Dane 
 
 Dodge 
 
 Door 
 
 Douglvis 
 
 Dunn 
 
 Eau Claire.. 
 Fond du Lac. , 
 
 (irant 
 
 (freen 
 
 (Ireen Lake.. 
 
 Iowa 
 
 .lackson 
 
 .lefferson 
 
 .luneau 
 
 Kenosha 
 
 Kewaunee.. 
 La Crosse ... 
 La Fayette. . 
 Manitowoc. 
 Marathon . . . 
 Marquette . . 
 Milwaukee. . 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Oconto 
 
 Outagamie.. 
 
 Ozaukee 
 
 Pepin 
 
 Pierce 
 
 Polk 
 
 Portage 
 
 Racine 
 
 Ricblaud 
 
 Rock 
 
 Sauk 
 
 Shawano 
 
 Shelioxgan.. 
 
 St. Croix 
 
 Trenil>ealeau. 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Walworth 
 
 Washington . 
 Waukesha .. 
 
 Waupaca 
 
 Waushara... 
 Winnebago . 
 ^Vood 
 
 5,351 
 
 174 
 246 
 388 
 14,728 
 B.854 
 144 
 7,661 
 4.735 
 2.751 
 19.653 
 9.612 
 33,456 
 38,708 
 ,806 
 713 
 ,268 
 ,394 
 ,477 
 ,565 
 533 
 098 
 366 
 ,764 
 747 
 361 
 066 
 642 
 695 
 935 
 868 
 139 
 138 
 697 
 513 
 591 
 741 
 ,728 
 361 
 460 
 249 
 213 
 949 
 954 
 712 
 308 
 688 
 193 
 451 
 339 
 HD5 
 
 868 
 368 
 Oil 
 702 
 209 
 538 
 
 1.587 
 
 FoRKioN Born. 
 
 1.250 
 
 47 
 
 293 
 
 56 
 
 10,440 
 4.269 
 562 
 4,674 
 3,586 
 699 
 9.150 
 3,463 
 
 19,640 
 
 18,327 
 2,113 
 410 
 3,230 
 3,375 
 
 14,796 
 9,414 
 5,079 
 4.097 
 9,178 
 1.923 
 
 12.293 
 3.011 
 4,081 
 5,486 
 8.602 
 6.724 
 
 16,496 
 2,746 
 2,928 
 
 43.233 
 4,038 
 3,7.30 
 6.689 
 6,836 
 1.308 
 2.498 
 1,173 
 3,421 
 
 10,791 
 1,777 
 8,318 
 6,552 
 1.478 
 
 12.557 
 ,3,584 
 4,393 
 5,040 
 5,1.50 
 
 10,051 
 9.906 
 4,528 
 2,577 
 
 12.070 
 1,374 
 
 
 127 
 12 
 
 127 
 23 
 
 1,687 
 
 173 
 
 4 
 
 165 
 
 1,437 
 336 
 511 
 397 
 684 
 565 
 390 
 133 
 437 
 767 
 
 1.754 
 386 
 372 
 290 
 346 
 391 
 369 
 336 
 138 
 159 
 580 
 186 
 518 
 216 
 151 
 884 
 856 
 
 1,645 
 796 
 110 
 208 
 310 
 191 
 401 
 370 
 168 
 755 
 386 
 111 
 323 
 816 
 209 
 184 
 391 
 97 
 332 
 508 
 264 
 
 1,558 
 636 
 
 
 142 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 273 
 
 56 
 
 4 
 
 167 
 
 120 
 
 81 
 
 2,046 
 
 186 
 
 1,631 
 
 1,236 
 
 89 
 
 41 
 
 147 
 
 242 
 
 1,891 
 
 2,531 
 
 598 
 
 597 
 
 3,897 
 
 151 
 
 934 
 
 395 
 
 650 
 
 47 
 
 570 
 
 2,281 
 
 223 
 
 49 
 
 253 
 
 1,973 
 
 510 
 
 111 
 
 171 
 
 48 
 
 91 
 
 103 
 
 46 
 
 317 
 
 1.878 
 
 233 
 
 1,383 
 
 765 
 
 37 
 
 303 
 
 150 
 
 185 
 
 189 
 
 921 
 
 110 
 
 3,065 
 
 360 
 
 508 
 
 1,531 
 
 42 
 
 225 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 1,442 
 
 242 
 
 1 
 
 500 
 
 417 
 
 45 
 
 1,.332 
 
 906 
 
 2,955 
 
 3.301 
 
 238 
 
 66 
 
 227 
 
 487 
 
 2.572 
 
 1.281 
 
 942 
 
 412 
 
 1.239 
 
 137 
 
 1,067 
 
 1,104 
 
 813 
 
 313 
 
 488 
 
 3,345 
 
 1,133 
 
 103 
 
 537 
 
 4,604 
 
 641 
 
 423 
 
 792 
 
 475 
 
 118 
 
 4,>'> 
 
 102 
 
 369 
 1.039 
 
 431 
 2.870 
 
 946 
 24 
 
 943 
 1.203 
 
 286 
 
 306 
 1.739 
 
 882 
 1.593 
 
 517 
 
 307 
 1.399 
 
 171 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 
 112 
 
 135 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 39 
 
 18 
 
 639 
 48 
 
 465 
 
 356 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 51 
 
 54 
 
 317 
 
 189 
 50 
 62 
 86 
 92 
 
 183 
 81 
 
 100 
 16 
 
 109 
 
 111 
 63 
 26 
 
 198 
 
 502 
 87 
 38 
 85 
 18 
 29 
 34 
 19 
 99 
 
 289 
 46 
 
 490 
 
 103 
 
 5 
 
 38 
 
 56 
 
 141 
 87 
 
 148 
 35 
 
 397 
 60 
 42 
 
 146 
 34 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 b. 
 
 133 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 
 41 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 2.733 
 
 68 
 
 1.971 
 
 39 
 
 1 
 
 
 3.267 
 
 51 
 
 958 
 
 34 
 
 235 
 
 4 
 
 2.774 
 
 30 
 
 640 
 
 35 
 
 6,276 
 
 160 
 
 12.656 
 
 187 
 
 426 
 
 37 
 
 60 
 
 4 
 
 843 
 
 17 
 
 836 
 
 34 
 
 7.372 
 
 125 
 
 3,585 
 
 83 
 
 892 
 
 39 
 
 3,634 
 
 8 
 
 1,447 
 
 21 
 
 250 
 
 29 
 
 8.445 
 
 41 
 
 518 
 
 11 
 
 2.083 
 
 39 
 
 1,611 
 
 32 
 
 2,831 
 
 52 
 
 739 
 
 17 
 
 9.335 
 
 93 
 
 2.239 
 
 19 
 
 1.661 
 
 1 
 
 29.019 
 
 288 
 
 1,601 
 
 38 
 
 797 
 
 33 
 
 3,262 
 
 61 
 
 4,423 
 
 92 
 
 300 
 
 27 
 
 449 
 
 16 
 
 173 
 
 
 
 1,323 
 
 39 
 
 3,859 
 
 82 
 
 481 
 
 25 
 
 1,143 
 
 78 
 
 3,433 
 
 66 
 
 1,096 
 
 4 
 
 8.497 
 
 119 
 
 394 
 
 6 
 
 776 
 
 22 
 
 661 
 
 30 
 
 1.173 
 
 81 
 
 8.213 
 
 134 
 
 4,335 
 
 37 
 
 1,243 
 
 39 
 
 816 
 
 11 
 
 5.261 
 
 53 
 
 399 
 
 3 
 
 537 
 
 3 
 
 98 
 
 I 
 
 451 
 
 556 
 
 651 
 
 3 
 
 439 
 
 79 
 
 1,515 
 
 764 
 
 6.601 
 
 383 
 
 344 
 
 93 
 
 1.336 
 
 871 
 
 156 
 
 .543 
 
 1,017 
 
 37 
 
 1.647 
 
 944 
 
 384 
 
 379 
 
 29 
 
 97 
 
 3.646 
 
 993 
 
 1.430 
 
 73 
 
 31 
 
 636 
 
 573 
 
 321 
 
 37 
 
 98 
 
 484 
 
 1.052 
 
 483 
 
 795 
 
 1,088 
 
 237 
 
 1.438 
 
 93 
 
 146 
 
 334 
 
 940 
 
 2.633 
 
 3.138 
 
 579 
 
 40 
 
 486 
 
 1.335 
 
 220 
 
 762 
 
 106 
 
 102 
 
 67 
 
 168 
 
 34 
 
 1 
 
 34 
 
 402 
 
 195 
 
 167 
 
 43 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 547 
 
 4 
 
 343 
 
 12 
 
 309 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 3,011 
 
 489 
 
 2,360 
 3 
 
 1,.524 
 
 40 
 
 72 
 
 7 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 703 
 
 124 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 "38 
 
 "41 
 
 281 
 
 1 
 
 296 
 
 54 
 
 31 
 941 
 
 '82 
 
 35 
 
 1 
 
 67 
 
 46 
 
 216 
 
 97 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 44 
 
 39 
 
 193 
 
 118 
 
 1,247 
 
 1 
 
 31 
 
 6 
 
 144 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 37 
 
 271 
 
 31 
 
 153 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 447 
 
 43 
 
 3 
 
 54 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 947 
 4 
 
 ■92 
 29 
 
 ■44 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 627 
 
 71 
 3 
 2 
 
 13 
 1 
 
 19 
 1 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 94 
 S 
 
 51 
 
 "4 
 864 
 26 
 79 
 786 
 34 
 
 7fi 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 67 
 
 49 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 ,50 
 
 6 
 
 Kill 
 
 34 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 9H 
 
 1,682 
 
 3 
 
 38 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 35 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 15 
 
 79 
 
 58 
 
 HK 
 
 48 
 
 65 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 300 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 
 371 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 49 
 
 11 
 
 131 
 
 51 
 21 
 98 
 13 
 12 
 15 
 3 
 
 15 
 55 
 71 
 44 
 55 
 3 
 38 
 
 130 
 
 2 
 
 60 
 
 56 
 
 16 
 
 "19 
 
 106 
 
 47 
 
 1,294 
 
 3 
 
 52 
 
 9 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 71 
 
 9 
 
 39 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 
 278 
 
 557 
 
 369 
 
 723 
 
 51 
 
260 
 
 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 VALUATION OF PROPERTY 
 
 IN THE STATE OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Assessed Valuation of Taxable Property for the 
 YEAR 1876. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Value of per- 
 sonal property. 
 
 Value of 
 rcai estate. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Adams 
 
 $ 179,771 
 42.666 
 
 $ 634.168 
 889.523 
 
 S 803.939 
 
 AahlanU 
 
 932,189 
 
 
 146.374 
 81.705 
 
 1,043.964 
 533.167 
 
 1,190,338 
 
 Bayfield 
 
 654,878 
 
 
 442,287 
 
 438,501 
 
 32.419 
 
 2,195,053 
 890,028 
 442,765 
 
 2,637,340 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 1,338,539 
 
 Burnett 
 
 476,184 
 
 Calumet 
 
 373.946 
 
 2,107,211 
 
 8,481.167 
 
 Chippewa 
 
 965.634 
 
 4,359.245 
 
 5,324,869 
 
 Clark 
 
 881,813 
 
 2.355,972 
 
 8,637.785 
 
 Columbia 
 
 1,875.049 
 
 7.083.H92 
 
 8,958,941 
 
 Crawford 
 
 527.013 
 
 1.457,-586 
 
 1,984,689 
 
 Dane 
 
 4.610.768 
 
 8,446.793 
 
 135.107 
 
 19.434 
 
 14,888,179 
 
 11,014,318 
 
 659,650 
 
 410,237 
 
 19,498.947 
 
 Dodge 
 
 13.461.111 
 
 Door 
 
 ■794.757 
 
 )ouglas 
 
 429.661 
 
 >unn. 
 
 1,052.300 
 1,354,142 
 
 1,875.148 
 4,204,233 
 
 2,987,448 
 
 Sau Claire 
 
 5,558,375 
 
 Fond du Lac... 
 
 2,489,759 
 
 11,649,769 
 
 14,139,538 
 
 Grant 
 
 2.502,795 
 
 7,039,201 
 
 9,541.996 
 
 Green 
 
 1,966,599 
 789,736 
 
 6,290.829 
 3,485,819 
 
 8.357.428 
 
 Green Lake.... 
 
 4.275.555 
 
 Iowa 
 
 1,2.33.676 
 472,124 
 
 4,348.452 
 1,040.417 
 
 5,582,128 
 
 Jackson 
 
 1,513,541 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 1.753.985 
 
 7,896,833 
 
 9,650.818 
 
 
 660.185 
 1.320.957 
 
 1,607.345 
 
 4,488.186 
 
 2.267.370 
 
 Kenoslia 
 
 5,809,143 
 
 Kewaunee 
 
 546,678 
 
 2,560.641 
 
 3,107,319 
 
 La Crosse 
 
 1,336.271 
 
 4.015.568 
 
 5,361.839 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 1,196.502 
 
 4,775.417 
 
 5,971,919 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 13 654 
 
 1.533,543 
 
 1,546,196 
 
 Manitowoc 
 
 1.141.320 
 
 5,390,599 
 
 6,431.923 
 
 Marathon 
 
 336.078 
 
 1,744,901 
 
 2,079,979 
 
 Marquette 
 
 .326.668 
 
 1,033.967 
 
 1,360,635 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 15,345.281 
 
 46,477,283 
 
 61,822.564 
 
 Monroe 
 
 658.191 
 
 1,994,911 
 
 2.653.108 
 
 Oconto 
 
 455.741 
 
 3,411.557 
 
 3.867.898 
 
 Outagamie 
 
 Ozaukee 
 
 623,744 
 
 3,348.267 
 
 3.972.011 
 
 381,784 
 
 2.803.688 
 
 3.185,472 
 
 
 83,5,283 
 738.082 
 837.567 
 564.079 
 
 69.5,316 
 2,435.319 
 1.121.599 
 1.592.018 
 
 830,599 
 
 
 3,173.'.01 
 
 Polk 
 
 1.359.166 
 
 Portage 
 
 2.156.097 
 
 Racine 
 
 8,418.248 
 
 8.071.811 
 
 10.490,059 
 
 Richland 
 
 612.171 
 
 1,908,386 
 
 2,520,557 
 
 Rock 
 
 4,462,048 
 
 13,931,410 
 
 18,393,458 
 
 St. Croix 
 
 816,768 
 
 3,110,445 
 
 3,927.213 
 
 Sauk 
 
 1.364,772 
 
 4,036.813 
 
 5,401.585 
 
 Shewano 
 
 121.267 
 
 68.5.917 
 
 807.184 
 
 Sheboygan 
 
 1,903,861 
 
 7,096,170 
 
 9.000.031 
 
 
 53,812 
 840.378 
 
 816.421 
 1,904.988 
 
 870.333 
 
 Trempealeau.. 
 
 2.74.5.366 
 
 Vernun 
 
 924.835 
 
 2.288.420 
 
 3.213.255 
 
 Walworth 
 
 3.187.722 
 
 10.559.519 
 
 13.747.241 
 
 Washington... 
 
 1,062,347 
 
 4.937.634 
 
 5.989.981 
 
 Waukesha 
 
 3,165.504 
 
 11,892,119 
 
 15,057.623 
 
 Waupaca 
 
 480.837 
 
 1,886,908 
 
 2,307.745 
 
 Waushara 
 
 343.509 
 
 1,343.029 
 
 1.686,538 
 
 Winnebago 
 
 3,081,308 
 
 9,810.290 
 
 18,891.598 
 
 Wood....:. 
 
 251,669 
 
 598,920 
 
 850,589 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 5274,417,873 
 
 S351. 780,354 
 
 Valuation of Untaxed Property, from Assessors' 
 Returns for 1875 and 1876. 
 
 Co.. town, 
 city and 
 village 
 
 property. 
 
 $ 
 
 6,147 
 2,340 
 
 6,300 
 43,385 
 15,300 
 
 3.350 
 29,785 
 
 ■■■7! 300 
 45.800 
 
 ■■i7,i'63 
 
 ■72,136 
 49,320 
 52.505 
 26,650 
 
 "15,286 
 
 600 
 
 12,600 
 
 "i ft 300 
 10.750 
 31.000 
 
 28.210 
 
 15.700 
 
 5.680 
 
 1,318.506 
 
 5,368 
 
 ■"i6',4bo 
 
 5,280 
 
 35 
 
 13,950 
 
 ""8,000 
 
 23,700 
 
 635 
 
 38,000 
 
 11,400 
 
 9.000 
 
 2,000 
 
 10,725 
 
 356 
 
 1,600 
 
 70,800 
 
 7,500 
 
 700 
 
 250 
 
 21,350 
 
 6,380 
 
 1,500 
 
 School, col- 
 lege anil 
 academy 
 property 
 
 $ 9,900 
 4,925 
 
 1.400 
 
 102.635 
 
 27,787 
 
 1,600 
 
 5,160 
 
 3,000 
 
 116.605 
 
 11,000 
 
 80,630 
 
 3,134 
 
 3,200 
 
 16,933 
 
 60,500 
 
 197,405 
 
 66,875 
 
 ■36,774 
 
 ■■66,266 
 
 "■46!365 
 17,720 
 
 3.600 
 56.930 
 
 9.640 
 21,248 
 27,202 
 
 8,735 
 
 771,266 
 
 13,200 
 
 ■96!296 
 18,415 
 8,247 
 73.675 
 10.940 
 25,916 
 24,625 
 
 '"so^ooo 
 
 7,311 
 4,125 
 2,800 
 8,000 
 
 ■■150. 266 
 
 .WO 
 
 34.940 
 21.080 
 29,495 
 
 2,735,817 
 
 Church and 
 cemetery 
 property. 
 
 $ 4,713 
 
 1,000 
 
 125 
 
 2.f85 
 
 83,369 
 
 29,760 
 
 3.000 
 
 13,830 
 
 56.014 
 
 1,300 
 
 91,143 
 
 4,100 
 
 359,390 
 
 181,076 
 
 7,039 
 
 2,351 
 
 3,300 
 
 56,930 
 
 259.900 
 
 109.405 
 
 76.995 
 
 23,840 
 
 65,026 
 
 15.075 
 
 172,300 
 
 19,280 
 
 46,860 
 
 18,621 
 
 110,643 
 
 71,610 
 
 ■■■54i874 
 
 16,835 
 
 12,080 
 
 1,212,390 
 
 33,158 
 
 38.100 
 
 73.375 
 
 32.920 
 
 4. ISO 
 
 25,115 
 
 6.272 
 
 42.470 
 
 236.000 
 
 37.916 
 
 242.650 
 
 41.370 
 
 87.670 
 
 5.714 
 
 123.896 
 
 ■■'26i30'6 
 
 2.325 
 
 129.310 
 
 120,670 
 
 218,760 
 
 34,410 
 
 23,584 
 
 36.860 
 
 27,000 
 
 4,774,828 
 
 Railroad 
 property. 
 
 $1,220,000 
 
 94.026 
 150 
 
 175.885 
 64 095 
 
 110.000 
 89,800 
 34,400 
 
 431,604 
 
 687,155 
 
 95,4,50 
 
 2,000 
 
 "■6i!.566 
 
 75.000 
 
 237.915 
 
 120.000 
 
 51,800 
 
 300 
 
 "162; 606 
 
 146,901 
 50,653 
 
 1,271,600 
 
 17,585 
 
 76,730 
 
 347,515 
 
 136.000 
 
 22,026 
 
 70,400 
 250,975 
 
 ■'751; 960 
 68.730 
 22,600 
 
 ■'■55! 836 
 
 336,400 
 
 8,300 
 
 '■i86',odo 
 
 2, .300 
 
 84.780 
 2,780 
 
 7,487,627 
 
 U. S.. st.ate| 
 and all 
 oilier I 
 property. 
 
 $ 400 
 
 $ 21,168 
 
 1,228,265 
 
 125 
 
 10,385 
 
 326,638 
 
 7.3.897 
 
 4, .500 
 
 14,393 
 
 60.174 
 184.875 
 812.038 
 126.200 
 699.'357 
 296 305 
 7 329 
 
 22 638 
 428 004 
 833 153 
 478.9-50 
 384.620 
 170.020 
 
 88.070 
 183.680 
 253.599 
 403.300 
 
 77.355 
 133.835 
 
 49.516 
 264.043 
 202.340 
 
 10,040 
 254,828 
 1 10,380 
 
 26.495 
 5,257,555 
 
 71 651 
 114.820 
 534.580 
 196.090 
 
 44,353 
 
 114.740 
 
 23,047 
 
 147,686 
 
 845,350 
 
 38,440 
 
 1,107,260 
 
 217,340 
 
 11.3.180 
 
 14.925 
 194.775 
 380.800 
 
 3.5.785 
 
 36.0.50 
 670.710 
 188.213 
 220,150 
 
 74.835 
 
 67.954 
 159,065 
 
 38.960 
 
 1.662,388 18,534,196 
 
STATISTICS OF WISCO.VSIK. 
 
 261 
 
 ACREAGE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS 
 GROWN IN 1876. 
 
 CODNTIES. 
 
 NUMBEK OP ACRES. 
 
 Wljeat. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Rye, 
 
 Hops. 
 
 Tobacco, 
 
 Flax-seed. 
 
 Adaras 
 
 5,146 
 5 
 4,070¥ 
 
 11.456 
 26 
 
 13.933 
 
 9.213K 
 
 216Vi 
 
 4.583 
 
 2,734 
 
 1,596 
 
 40,274 
 
 19.173 
 
 84.073 
 
 29.401%- 
 
 352 
 
 5 
 
 9,671 
 
 11,765 
 
 18,208K 
 
 98,709 
 
 68.168 
 
 15,608 
 
 46,980 
 
 H.071K 
 
 28,379 
 
 11,84,8K 
 
 15,8' -> 
 
 1,(1.) li 
 
 10.681 
 
 61.549 
 
 5.353 
 3.4m 
 
 ,5,732 
 
 13,573>< 
 
 637 
 
 9,858 
 
 9,032 
 
 2,408 
 
 24,071 
 
 10,584 
 
 67,120 
 
 35,592>< 
 
 3,391 
 
 50 
 
 13,833 
 
 7,183 
 
 20.763 
 
 62,054 
 
 34,191 
 
 8,013 
 
 34,433 
 
 Vi.i89y, 
 
 16,845 
 
 14,373>< 
 
 14,174 
 
 10,633 
 
 1 349 
 
 : ..194 
 
 713 
 
 21,437X 
 
 5,020 
 
 4,873 
 
 1»,2I3M 
 
 12,81,4 
 
 3,112 
 
 2.447>i 
 
 9.473 
 
 4,475 
 
 8,3.--)S 
 
 1,843 
 
 9,086;< 
 
 1,5,341!-; 
 
 11.606>< 
 
 60.103 
 
 17,541 
 
 24,469% 
 
 4,408>i 
 
 16,704 
 
 5454 
 
 15.034 
 
 23.055 
 
 28.325 
 
 14,104 
 
 18,980 
 
 7,448 
 
 8,847 
 
 13,813 
 
 1,029 
 
 83 
 
 8,488 
 282^ 
 
 660 
 
 IK 
 
 
 Ashland 
 
 
 
 759><i 
 
 27 
 
 
 Bayfield 
 
 
 Brown 
 
 16,384 
 48,507J(; 
 
 1,179 
 32,860K 
 10,443 
 
 3,467 
 
 64,472 
 
 19,054 
 
 89,353 
 
 138.708 
 
 4,771 
 
 5,612 
 
 3,751 
 
 58 
 
 4,048¥ 
 
 1,258 
 
 •MS 
 
 7.694 
 
 3,912 
 
 33,499 
 
 11,4 63 
 
 696 
 
 5,2'54 
 870 
 264 
 
 185 
 95 
 7 648 
 1„588 
 7,410 
 2,134% 
 
 788 
 
 9yj 
 
 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 
 
 Burnett 
 
 
 
 
 ■39 
 
 lOM 
 
 593% 
 
 18 
 317>« 
 136 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 Clark 
 
 
 
 Cohunbia 
 
 2af 
 45 
 
 153X 
 IK 
 
 Crawford 
 
 15 
 2.459K 
 8 
 
 Dane 
 
 Door 
 
 )ouglas 
 
 
 
 )unn 
 
 27,-'08 
 2' o85 
 b 1,612 
 39,643 
 
 4,409 
 37,064 
 81,676 
 19,953 
 33,569 
 ll,598Ji 
 
 4,783 
 17,703 
 38,8''0 
 
 4, ■)...! 
 262 
 
 4,538>i 
 
 4,548 
 
 9,517 
 11,774 
 31,634 
 
 2,490 
 
 8 076 
 2- 25K 
 1.5.,-.90>i 
 41,187 
 
 9.293 
 16.701« 
 
 7.884K 
 13.228K 
 12,384)^ 
 77,810 
 27,701 
 
 6,485 
 45,959 
 
 60X 
 63,656 
 42,277 
 20,588 
 53.691 
 34.140 
 13.516 
 12.573 
 49 999 
 637 
 
 1,560 
 1,242 
 8 554 
 3,839 
 
 666!^ 
 1,170 
 2,609><; 
 1,739 
 8,773 
 
 445 
 1,649 
 3,164 
 3,045 
 1,373 
 20 
 4,299 
 
 670 
 
 93 
 
 5,063 
 
 1,769 
 
 357 
 
 9WM 
 4,116!^ 
 
 613% 
 2.851 
 
 440 
 1,384K 
 2,22!?^ 
 
 589% 
 19,424 
 2,023 
 2,197X 
 
 205 
 
 7,519 
 
 2 
 
 3,381M 
 
 5,542 
 
 8.934K; 
 
 6.614 
 
 8,527 
 
 1,060 
 
 636% 
 1,427 
 29M 
 
 1,156 
 
 933 
 
 754K 
 3.296 
 3.793H; 
 3,455 
 1,892 
 
 613 
 7,611 
 3.137 
 
 611 
 3,530 
 3,177 
 1,735 
 
 68 
 11 
 44 
 113!i 
 28 
 212 
 179K 
 7ii6 
 840 
 1,169 
 8 
 3 
 249>« 
 13 
 
 
 1« 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 44 
 
 25,317 
 
 363 
 
 22 
 
 
 Green Lake 
 
 Iowa 
 
 1 
 
 10,145 
 
 
 JetTersou 
 
 100 
 
 
 Juneau 
 
 6 
 
 Keno.sIia 
 
 
 3,434 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 La ('rosse 
 
 
 
 16,670 
 
 Li neoln 
 
 
 854« 
 355 
 15,121 
 l.lMVi 
 13.608 
 734 
 4 761 
 3 l.84Ji 
 6,924 
 8,904 
 4.104 
 l',076 
 1 ,904)i 
 ■ 460« 
 ! J,041M 
 
 5,390 
 
 33,8I6H 
 
 1,904 
 
 8,244 
 
 32 
 
 12,106 
 
 22,499 
 
 45,456 
 
 11.613 
 
 26.318 
 
 9,524 
 
 18,726H 
 
 15,404 
 
 958 
 
 5,233 
 116 
 10,503 
 3,074% 
 1.277 
 724 
 514 
 2.430H 
 563 
 258 
 326 
 7,665X 
 2,212 
 1,770% 
 15,038;;; 
 173 
 6,164X 
 1,I60K 
 4,332 
 3 
 550 
 633 
 4,875>i 
 6,003 
 7,659 
 4,363 
 15,416 
 983 
 373Hi 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Marquette 
 
 139 
 
 65 
 
 390 
 
 3 
 
 IIH 
 
 15 
 
 25H 
 
 7 
 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 22 
 
 Monroe 
 
 
 
 
 Ji 
 
 
 
 
 Ozauliee 
 
 
 11« 
 
 Pepin 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 Poll( 
 
 
 
 .584% 
 31M 
 
 499H 
 41« 
 
 4,285H 
 
 Racine 
 
 3K 
 2,105?< 
 
 
 
 282 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 3.118}< 
 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 
 
 49 
 
 42^ 
 187 
 107% 
 
 39 
 239 
 395 
 340 
 110 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 
 1.169 
 
 
 113 
 
 \V:mkeKtia, .. 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Wood 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1.445.650K 
 
 1,025,801 3r 
 
 854.861M 
 
 183,030V 
 
 175,314>( 
 
 11.184K 
 
 4,842 
 
 62.008>< 
 
 
 
262 
 
 HISTORY OF WIS('0>f!Sm. 
 
 ACREAGE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS 
 GROWN IN 1876. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Adams 
 
 Ashland 
 
 Barron 
 
 Bayfield 
 
 Browu 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Burnett 
 
 Calumet 
 
 Chippewa 
 
 Clarlc 
 
 Columhia 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Dane 
 
 Dodge 
 
 Door 
 
 Douglas 
 
 Dunn 
 
 Eau Claire... 
 Fond (hi Lac.. 
 
 Grant 
 
 Green 
 
 Green Lake. . 
 
 Iowa 
 
 .Tackson 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Juneau 
 
 Kenosha 
 
 Kewaunee... 
 
 La Crosse 
 
 LaFavette 
 
 Lincofn 
 
 Manitowoc 
 
 Maratiion 
 
 iVIarquette 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Oconto 
 
 Outaeramie 
 
 Ozaukee 
 
 Pepin 
 
 Piei'ce 
 
 Polk 
 
 Portage 
 
 Ru<;ine 
 
 Richland 
 
 Rock 
 
 St. Croix 
 
 Sauk 
 
 Shawano 
 
 Shebovgan 
 
 Taylor 
 
 Trempealeau.. 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Walworth.... 
 Washington... 
 
 Waukesha 
 
 Waupaca 
 
 Waushara 
 
 Winnehago ... 
 Wood.... 
 
 NUMBER OF ACRES. 
 
 Cultivated 
 Grasses. 
 
 .3.161 
 
 841 
 1.843K 
 
 100 
 
 5.769)<i 
 39 
 13.361 
 
 Total. 
 
 9,348 
 
 32,386 
 
 4,985 
 
 53,219 
 
 29.552 
 
 257 
 
 100 
 
 10.032 
 
 ■ ■41.609 
 37,792 
 28,833 
 13,980 
 15.566 
 
 5,316 
 17.407 
 
 8,705 
 29.856 
 
 5,665 
 
 11.390 
 
 28.719 
 
 316 
 
 38,256}i 
 
 5,453 
 
 3,387 
 20.557 
 14,217 
 
 6,170 
 11,681 
 
 8,528 
 
 "ii974 
 
 2.642 
 10,142K 
 21.515K 
 18,924K 
 57,132>!; 
 14,293 
 25,222af 
 
 4,111 
 40,123 
 173 
 18,738 
 20,197 
 45.093 
 
 6,513 
 38.629 
 13.540 
 
 9,770 
 
 23,433 
 
 835 
 
 889,018K; 
 
 771 
 866 
 
 Mly, 
 
 30 
 
 1.50 
 
 909y 
 
 120>^ 
 
 1,017 
 
 485 
 l,918Ji' 
 2.493 
 3,585 
 3,780Ji 
 20 
 
 100 
 
 989 
 
 2,701m 
 
 3,038 
 
 1.159 
 
 921 
 1,650>^ 
 
 510 
 2,209 
 1.738 
 1.060 
 1,487 
 
 781 
 1,633 
 
 106 
 8.251 
 
 667 
 
 926 
 3,030>i 
 1,520 
 
 836 
 
 51 
 
 1 
 
 724 
 
 591 
 2,016 . 
 1,5485^ 
 1,153X 
 2.930 
 1.176 
 ■3,209J<- 
 
 548 
 
 3,723 
 
 99 
 
 878X 
 1,241 
 2.183>< 
 46.821 
 3,982 
 1,695 
 1,342 
 1,630 
 
 169 
 
 1 
 Roots. Apples. 
 
 6 
 
 75 
 555^ 
 
 25H 
 ,17« 
 
 104 
 
 618 
 
 80 
 
 89 
 
 10 
 219 
 
 6iy, 
 
 16 
 5 
 46 
 41 
 94 
 52K 
 
 isa 
 
 10 
 99 
 86 
 
 108 
 138 
 
 50 
 137K 
 
 99 
 
 71 
 
 13 
 100 
 
 41 
 178 
 128Si' 
 
 46M 
 
 105* 
 128H 
 
 10 
 104X, 
 
 64H 
 133 
 
 34 
 
 41M 
 140 
 
 55M 
 9,430 
 383 
 
 98 
 
 45 
 
 35 
 
 123.420M 
 
 13.624X 
 
 ivated 
 
 I Cr.iuiifrries. 
 
 58 
 
 28* 
 5 
 
 219 
 
 '552M 
 
 1.533M 
 2.460 
 4.830K 
 16.254 
 
 2 
 61X 
 
 8.935Y 
 
 2,766 
 
 5.980 
 
 1,467 
 
 l,987>i 
 
 100 
 2.333 
 
 339 
 
 2.170 
 
 44 
 
 239 
 
 994 
 
 689 
 46 
 1.856 
 1,934X 
 
 406 
 
 1,366S<- 
 
 77 
 11 
 60K 
 16.004 
 479 
 3,676 
 457 
 1.0545C 
 73X 
 1,730 
 2 
 279X 
 749 
 4,056)i 
 .50.095 
 4,952 
 205 
 836>i 
 1,561 
 
 ■iH 
 
 36 
 ■36 
 
 45 
 '526 
 
 151 
 
 1 
 
 4,412 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 580 
 
 2 
 15C 
 
 137 
 30 
 185 
 1,053 
 194 
 400 
 
 25,040 
 
 1,152,000 
 
 24,175 
 
 12,739 
 
 ""57,463 
 
 126. 000 
 51.879 
 
 "ui'.4'63 
 49,369M 
 
 "566',6'0'6 
 5,414 
 
 "44;986 
 126.116 
 20.313JS 
 22,393 
 51.026 
 53.880 
 33,774 
 
 "'19.896 
 37..573 
 29.763 
 24,037 
 
 "257.341 
 
 "■26I525 
 16.211 
 33,756 
 
 "19,433 
 22,077 
 
 ' 'l'82,67i 
 
 "52; 156 
 28,718M 
 65,394 
 57.587M 
 
 8.606 
 88.058M 
 80,533 
 68.067 
 
 "12; 149 
 91.194 
 50,221 
 50 080 
 42,690 
 82,985 
 66,510 
 25,737 
 93,842 
 
 139.891« 
 
 17,664% 4.090 226K 
 
 Clover Seed, 
 Bushels. 
 
 1.733 
 
 1.689 
 50 
 2,969K 
 2,489M 
 
 8 
 
 1,500 
 3,848 
 1.037 
 
 566 
 1.515 
 
 107 
 5,269 
 
 781 
 
 1.324 
 
 1,174 
 
 30 
 
 1,007 
 
 ■my. 
 
 1.073 
 
 113 
 
 1.666 
 
 ""97 
 1,349 
 
 121 
 
 2 
 
 343 
 
 840 
 
 2.160K 
 
 5.416 
 
 80 
 
 1.2i8H 
 
 16 
 
 10,738 
 
 270 
 
 1,134 
 
 2.798 
 
 16,080 
 
 1.529 
 
 610 
 
 117 
 
 720 
 
 76.945K 
 
ABSTRACT OF LAWS 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 ELECTORS AND GENERAL ELECTIONS. 
 
 Sec. 12. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years or upward, belonging to 
 either of the following classes, who shall have resided in the State for one year next preceding 
 any election, shall be deemed a qualified elector at such election : 
 
 1. Citizens of the United States. 
 
 2. Persons of foreign birth who shall have declared their intention to become citizens con- 
 
 formably to the laws of the United States on the subject of naturalization. 
 
 3. Persons of Indian blood who have once been declared by law of Congress to be citizens 
 
 of the LTnited States, any subsequent law of Congress to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 ■4. Civilized j , rsmis of Indian descent not members of any tribe. Every person convicted 
 
 of bribery shall be excluded from the right of suffrage unless restored to civil rights ; 
 
 and no person who shall have made or become directly or indirectly interested in any 
 
 bet or wager depending upon the result of any election at which he shall offer to vote, 
 
 shall be permitted to vote at such election. 
 
 Sec. 1-3. No elector shall vote except in the town, ward, village or election district in which 
 
 he actually resides. 
 
 Sec. 14. The general election prescribed in the Constitution shall be held in the several 
 towns, wards, villages and election districts on the Tuesday next succeeding the first Monday in 
 November in each year, at which time there shall be chosen such Representatives in Congress, 
 Electors of President and Vice President, State officers, and county officers as are by law to be 
 elected in such year. 
 
 Sec. 15. All elections shall be held in each town at the place where the last town-meeting 
 was held, or at such other place as shall have been ordered at such last meeting, or as shall have 
 been ordered by the Supervisors when they establish more than one election poll, except that the 
 first election after the organization of a new town shall be held at the place directed in the act 
 or proceeding by which it was organized; and all elections in villages constituting separate elec- 
 ' tion districts and in the wards of cities, shall be held at the place to be ordered by the Trustees 
 of such village, or the Common Council of such city, at least ten days before such election, un- 
 less a different provision is made in the act incorporating such village or city. 
 
 Sec. 16. Whenever it shall be(;ome impossible or inconvenient to hold an election at the 
 place designated therefor, the Board of Inspectors, after having assembled at or as near as prac- 
 ticable to such place, and before receiving any votes may adjourn to the nearest convenient place 
 for holding the election, and at such adjourned place shall forthwith proceed with the election. 
 Upon adjourning any election as hereinbefore provided, the Board of Inspectors shall cause proc- 
 lamation thereof to be made, and shall station a Constable or some other proper person at the 
 place where the adjournment was made, to notify all electors arriving at such place of adjourn- 
 ment, and the place to which it was made. 
 
264 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN 
 
 Sec. 20. A registry of electors shall annually be made : 
 
 1. In eacli ward or election district of every city which, at the last previous census, had 
 
 a jxipulation of three thousand or more. 
 
 2. In each ward or election district of every incorporated village in which, by law, sep- 
 
 arate elections are held ; whicii village at the last preceding census, had a popula- 
 tion of fifteen hundred or more. 
 
 3. In every town containing a village which, at said census, had a population of fifteen 
 
 hundred or more, in which village separate general elections are not by law required to 
 be held. 
 
 4. In all towns any part of which shall have been embraced in any part of any city or 
 
 village in which a registration by this chapter is required. 
 
 Such registration shall be made in the manner provided by this chapter. The persons 
 authorized by law to act as Inspectors of Election in each of such towns, wards or election dis- 
 tricts shall constitute the Board of Registry therefor. 
 
 Sec. 21. The said Inspectors shall have their first meeting on Tuesday, four weeks pre- 
 ceding each general election, at the place where said election is to be held ; and in election 
 districts at which there were polled at the previous general election three hundred votes or 
 less, they shall sit for one day, and in districts at which there were more than three hundred 
 votes polled, they shall have power to sit two days if necessary, for the purpose of making such 
 list. They shall meet at 9 o'clock in the forenoon and hold their meetings open until 8 
 o'clock in the evening of each day during which they shall so sit. The Clerks appointed by law 
 to act as Clerks of Election shall act as Clerks of tlie Board of Registry on the day of election 
 only. The proceedings shall be open, and all electors of the district shall be entitled to be 
 heard in relation to corrections or additions to said registry. They shall have the same powers 
 to preserve order which Inspectors of Election have on election days, and in towns vacancies in 
 the Board shall be filled in the same manner that vacancies are filled at elections. 
 
 Sec. 22. Tlie said In.<pectors at their first meeting, and before doing any business, shall 
 severally take and subscribe the oath of Inspectors at a general election, and said Inspectors shall 
 at their first meeting make a registry of all the electors of their respective districts, placing 
 thereon the full names, alphabetically arranged according to surnames, in one column, and in 
 another the residence by number and name of street or other location, if known. If any elector's 
 residence is at any hotel or public boarding-house the name of the hotel or boarding-house shall 
 be stated in the registry. They shall ])ut thereon the names of all persons residing in their elec- 
 tion district appearing on the poll-list kept at the last preceding general election, and are author- 
 ized to take therefor such poll-list from the office where kept, oraittmg such as have died or 
 removed from the district, and adding the names of all other jiersons known to them to be elect- 
 ors in such district. In case of the formation of a new election district since the last preceding 
 general election, the said Board therein may make such registry from the best means at their 
 command, and may, if necessary, procure therefor certified copies of the last poll-list. They shall 
 complete said registry as far as practicable at their first meeting, and shall make four copies 
 thereof, and certify the original and each copy to be a true list of the electors in their district so far 
 as the same are known to them. One of said copies shall be immediately posted in a conspicuous 
 place in the room in which their meeting was held, and be accessible to any elector for examina- 
 tion or making copies thereof, and one copy shall be retained by each Inspector for revision and 
 correction at the second meeting. They shall within two days after said first meeting file the original 
 registry made by them, and said poll-list in the office of the proper town, city or village clerk, 
 and may, in their discretion, cause ten printed copies of said registry to be made and posted in 
 ten of the most public places of said election district, or may publish the same in a newspaper at 
 an expense not exceeding one cent for each name. 
 
 Sec. 23. The Inspectors shall hold their second meeting at the same place designated for 
 holding elections on the Tuesday two weeks preceding the election. They shall meet at 9 o'clock 
 in the forenoon. In election districts iiaving less than three hundred voters, as shown by the 
 
ABSTRACT OF LAWS. 265 
 
 preliminary registry, the Board shall complete the registry on the same clay ; but if there are more 
 than that number of voters, they shall sit two days. They shall remain in session until 8 o'clock in 
 the evening. They shall revise and correct the registry first by erasing the name of any person 
 ■who shall be proved to their satisfaction by the oatlis of two electors of the district to be not 
 entitled to vote therein at the next ensuing election, unless such person shall appear and if chal- 
 lenged, shall answer the questions and take the oath hereinafter provided ; secondly, by entering 
 thereon the names of every elector entitled to vote in the district at the next election who shall 
 appear before the Board and require it, and state his place of residence, giving street and num- 
 ber, if numbered, or location, as hereinbefore provided, if challenged answer the questions, and 
 take the oaths provided in case of challenge at an election ; but if any person shall refuse to 
 answer all such questions or to take such oath, his name shall not be registered. Any person 
 who is not twenty-one years of age before the date when the registry is required to be corrected, but 
 will be if he lives until the day of election, shall have his name put on the registry if he be other- 
 wise qualified to be an elector. Any elector who did not vote at the previous general election 
 shall be entitled to be registered either at the preliminary or the final registration of electors by 
 appearing before the Board of Registration of his election district and establisliing his right to 
 be registered, or, instead of a personal appearance, he may make his application to be registered 
 to the Board in writing. Such application shall state the name and period of continuous resi- 
 dence in the election district and place of residence therein, giving the number and street of the 
 applicant, and, in case the person making the application is of foreign birth, he shall state when 
 he came to the United States and to the State of Wisconsin, and the time and place of declaring 
 his intention of becoming a citizen of the United States, and that he is entitled to vote at the 
 election. Upon receiving such application, the Board of Registration shall register the name of 
 such applicant, if it appears to the Board that the applicant is, by his statement, entitled to 
 vote. Such statement shall be made under oath, and shall be preserved by the Board and be 
 filed in the office of the village or city clerk, as the case may be. All city and village clerks 
 shall keep blanks for making the application for registration, as provided by this section. The 
 form sballbe prescribed by the Secretary of State. Every person named in this section shall be 
 subject to the same punishment for any false statement or other oiTense in respect thereto as 
 is provided in case of such false statement or other offense by an elector offering to vote at an 
 election. After such registry shall have been fully completed on the days above mentioned, 
 no name shall be added thereto by any person or upon any pretext. Within three days after the 
 second meeting the said Board shall cause four copies of the registry to be made, each of which 
 shall be certified by them to be a correct registry of the electors of their district, one of which 
 shall be kept by each Inspector for use on election day, and one shall forthwith be filed in the 
 ofiice of the proper town, city or village clerk. All registries shall at all times be open to pub- 
 lic inspection at the office where deposited without charge. 
 
 Sec. 2-1. On election day the Inspectors shall designate two of their number at the opening 
 of the polls, who shall check the names of every elector voting in auch district whose name is on 
 the registry. No vote shall be received at any general election in any ward or election district 
 defined in Section 20, if the name of the person offering to vote be not on said registry made at 
 the second meeting as aforesaid, except as hereinafter provided ; but in case any one shall, after 
 the last day for completing such registry, and before such election, become a qualified voter of 
 the district, he shall have the same right to vote therein at such election as if his name had been 
 duly registered, provided he siiall, at the time he offers to vote, deliver to the Inspectors his affi- 
 davit, in which he shall state the facts, showing that he has, since the completion of such regis- 
 try, become a qualified elector of such district, and the facts showing that he was not such 
 elector on the day such registry was completed, and shall also deliver to such Inspectors the affi- 
 davits of two freeholders, electors in such election district, corroborating all the material state- 
 ments in his affidavit. In case any person who was a voter at Uie last previous general election 
 shall not be registered, such person shall be entitled to vote on making affidavit that he was enti- 
 tled to vote at the previous election, and that he has not become disqualified by reason of removal 
 
266 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 from the election district or otherwise, since that election, ■which aiBdavit shall also be corrobo- 
 rated by the affidavits of two freeholders, as is provided for other non -registered voters. No one 
 freeholder shall be competent to make at any one election corroborating affidavits for more than 
 three voters. All of said affidavits shall be sworn to before some officer authorized by the laws 
 of this State to take depositions. The Inspectors shall keep a list of the names and residence 
 of the electors voting whose names are not on said completed registry, and attach said list to the- 
 registry and return it, together with all such affidavits, to the proper town, city or village clerk. 
 No compensation shall be paid or received for taking or certifying any such affidavits. On the day 
 following the election, one of said poll-lists and one copy of the registry so kept and checked shall be 
 attached together and filed in the office of the proper town, city or village clerk, and the other of 
 said poll-lists and copy of the registry so kept and checked shall be returned to the County 
 Clerk with the returns of the election. Such Inspectors shall give notice by advertisement in a 
 newspaper printed in the city, village or town where such registration was made, of the registry, 
 and shall include in such notice all additions to and omissions from the preliminary list, and 
 shall also state where the election is to be held. In case there be no newspaper printed in such 
 city, village or town, such notice shall be given by posting copies thereof in three or more public 
 places in each ward or election district in such city, village or town. For publication of such 
 notice in any such newspaper the publisher thereof shall be entitled to the same compensation 
 per folio as is prescribed for publishing other legal notices. 
 
 COMMON SCHOOLS. 
 
 Sec. 413. The formation of any school district shall be by written order of the Town 
 Board, describing the territory embraced in tlie same, to be filed with the Town Clerk within 
 twenty days after the making thereof. The Supervisors shall deliver to a taxable inhabitant of 
 the district their notice thereof in writing, describing its boundaries, and appointing a time and 
 place for the first district meeting, and shall therein direct such inhabitant to notify every quali- 
 fied voter of the district, either personally or by leaving a written notice at his place of resi- 
 dence, of the time and place of such meeting, at least five days before the time appointed 
 therefor, and said inhabitant shall notify the voters of such district accordingly, and indorse 
 thereon a return containing the names of all persons thus notified, and said notice and return 
 shall be recorded as a part of the record of the first meeting in such district. 
 
 Sec. 414. In case such notice shall not be given, or the inhabitants of a district shall neg- 
 lect or refuse to assemble and form a district meeting when so notified, or in case any school dis- 
 trict having been formed or organized shall afterward be disorganized, so that no competent 
 authority shall exist therein to call a special district meeting, in the manner hereinafter pro- 
 vided, notice shall be given by the Town Board, and served in the manner prescribed in the pre- 
 ceding section. Whenever a district meeting shall be called as prescribed in this and the 
 preceding section, it shall be the duty of the electors of the district to assemble at the time 
 and place so directed. 
 
 Sec. 415. Whenever it shall be necessary to form a district from two or more adjoining 
 towns, the Town Boards of such towns shall meet together and form such districts by their writ- 
 ten order, describing the territory embraced in such district, signed by at least two of the Super- 
 visors of each town ; and shall file one such order with the Town Clerk of each town, and 
 deliver the notice of formation to a taxable inhabitant of such district, and cause the same to be 
 served and returned in the time and manner hereinbefore prescribed ; and any such district may 
 be altered only by the joint action of the Town Boards of such towns in the same manner that 
 Other districts are altered. 
 
 Sec. 416. Every school district shall be deemed duly organized when any two of the offi- 
 cers elected at the first legal meeting thereof shall have consented to serve in the offices to which 
 they have been respectively elected, by a written acceptance thereof filed with the clerk of the 
 first meeting, and recorded in the minutes thereof; and every school district shall be considered 
 
ABS'l'IlAC'T OF LAWS. 26T 
 
 as duly organizeil after it shall have exercised the franchises and privileges of a district for the 
 term of two years. 
 
 Sec. 425. The annual meeting of all school districts in which graded schools of two or 
 more departments are taught, shall be held on the second Monday of July, and of all other 
 school districts on the last Monday of September, in each year. The hour of such meeting shall 
 be seven o'clock in the afternoon, unless otherwise provided by a vote of the district, duly 
 recorded at the last previous annual meeting ; but at any annual meeting a majority of the 
 electors present may determine that the annual meeting of such district siiall be held on the last 
 Monday of August instead of tlie last Monday of September. Said determination to take effect 
 when a copy of the proceedings of said annual meeting in reference to such change shall have 
 been filed with the Town Clerk in which the schoolhouse of such district is situated, and to 
 remain in force until rescinded by a like vote of the electors of such district. 
 
 Sec. 4:26. The Clerk shall give at least six days' previous notice of every annual district 
 meeting, by posting notices thereof in four or more public places in the district, one of which 
 shall be affixed to the outer door of the schoolhouse, if there be one in the district, and he shall 
 give like notices for every adjourned district meeting when such meeting shall have been 
 adjourned for more than one month ; but no annual meeting shall be deemed illegal for want of due 
 notice, unless it shall appear that the omission to give such notice was willful and fraudulent. 
 
 Sec. 427. Special district meetings may be called by the Clerk, or, in his absence, by tlie 
 Directors or Treasurer, on written request of five legal voters of the district, in the manner 
 prescribed for calling an annual meeting ; and the electors, when lawfully assembled at a special 
 m; eting, shall have power to transact the same business as at the first and each annual meeting, 
 except the election of officers. The business to be transacted at any special meeting shall be 
 particularly specified in the notices calling the same, and said notices shall be posted six full 
 days prior to the meeting. No tax or loan or debt shall be voted at a special meeting, unless 
 three-fourths of the legal voters shall have been notified, either personally or by a written notice 
 left at their places of residence, stating the time and place and objects of the meeting, and 
 specifying the amount proposed to be voted, at least six days before the time appointed therefor. 
 
 Sec. 428. Every person shall be entitled to vote in any school district meeting who is 
 qualified to vote at a general election for Stale and county officers, and who is a resident of such 
 school district. 
 
 ASSESSMENT AND COLLECTION OF DISTRICT TAXES. 
 
 Sec. 469. All school district taxes, unless otherwise specially provided by law, shall be 
 assessed on the same kinds of property as taxes for town and county purposes ; and all personal 
 property which, on account of its location or the residence of its owner, is taxable in the town, 
 shall, if such locality or residence be in the school district, be likewise taxable for school district 
 purposes. 
 
 BORROWING MONEY. 
 
 Sec. 474. Whenever, upon any unusual exigency, any school district shall, before the annual 
 meeting, vote a special tax to be collected with the next levy, the district may, by vote, author- 
 ize the District Board to borrow for a period not exceeding one year a sum not exceeding the 
 amount of such tax, and by such vote set apart such tax when collected to repay such loan, and 
 thereupon the District Board may borrow such money of any person and on such terms and exe- 
 cute and deliver to the lender such obligation therefor, and such security for the repayment, 
 including a mortgage or ))ledge of any real or personal ]iroperty of the district, subject to the 
 directions contained in the vote of the district as may be agreed upon and not prohibited by 
 law. 
 
 Sec. 498. Every District Clerk who shall wdlfully neglect to make the annual report for 
 his district as required by law sliall be liable to pay the whole amount of money lost by such 
 
268 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 district in consequence of his neglect, which shall be recovered in an action in the name of and 
 for the use of the district. 
 
 Sec. 499. Every Town Clerk who shall neglect or refuse to make and deliver to the County 
 Superintendent his annual report, as required in this chapter within the time limited therefor, 
 shall be liable on his ofBcial bond to pay the town the amount which such town or any school 
 district therein, shall lose by such neglect or refusal, with interest thereon ; and every County 
 Superintendent who shall neglect or refuse to make the report required of him by this chapter 
 to the State Superintendent shall be liable to pay to each town the amount which such town or 
 any school district therein shall lose by such neglect or refusal, with interest thereon, to be 
 recovered in either case in an action prosecuted by the Town Treasurer in the name of the 
 town. 
 
 Sec. 503. Every member of a district board in any school district in this State in which 
 a list of text-books has been adopted according to law, who shall, within three years from the 
 date of such adoption, or thereafter, without the consent of the State Superintendent, order a 
 change of te.xt-books in such district, shall forfeit the sum of fifty dollars. 
 
 Sec. 513. Every ;ivoman of twenty-one years of age and upward may be elected or 
 appointed as director, treasurer or clerk of a school district, director or secretary of a town board 
 under the township system ; member of a board of education in cities, or county superintendent. 
 
 Sec. 560. In reckoning school months, twenty days shall constitute a month and one hun- 
 dred days five months. 
 
 ASSESSMENT OF TAXES. 
 
 Sec. 1035. The terms " real property, " "real estate" and "land," when used in this 
 title, shall include not only the land itself, but all buildings, fixtures, improvements, rights and 
 privileges appertaining thereto. 
 
 Sec. 1036. The term " personal property," as used in this title, shall be construed to mean 
 and include toll-britlges, saw-logs, timber and lumber, either upon land or afloat, steamboats, 
 ships and other vessels, whether at home or abroad ; buildings upon leased lands, if such build- 
 ings have not been included in the assessment of the land on which they are erected ; 
 ferry-boats, including the franchise for running the same ; all debts due from solvent debtors, 
 whether on account, note, contract, bond, mortgage or other security, or whether such debts are 
 due or to become due ; and all goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, moneys and effects of any 
 nature or description having any real or marketable value and not included in the term " real 
 property," as above defined. 
 
 Sec. 1037. The improvements on all lands situated in this State, which shall have been 
 entered under the provisions of the act of Congress entitled " An act to secure homesteads to act- 
 ual settlers on the public domain," approved May twentieth, one thousand eight hundred and 
 sixty-two, and which shall be actually occupied and improved by the person so entering the same, 
 or his heirs, shall be subject to taxation, and such improvements shall be assessed as personal 
 property. All taxes levied thereon shall be collected out of the personal property of the occu- 
 pant of such lands, and in no other manner. 
 
 Sec. 1038. The property in this section described is exempt from taxation, to wit: 
 
 1. That owned exclusively by the United States or by this State, but no lands contracted to 
 
 be sold by the State shall be exempt. 
 
 2. That owned exclusively by any county, city, village, town or school district ; but lands 
 
 purchased by counties at tax sales shall be exempt only in the cases provided in Sec- 
 tion Eleven Hundred and Ninety-one. 
 
 3. Personal property owned by any religious, scientific, literary or benevolent association, 
 
 used exclusively for the purposes of such association, and the real property, if not 
 leased, or not otherwise used for pecuniary profit, necessary for the location and con- 
 venience of the buildings of such association, and embracing the same not exceeding 
 
ABSTRACT OF LAWS. 269 
 
 ten acres : ;uid the lands reserved for grounds of a chartered college or university, 
 not exceeding forty acres : and parsonages, whether of local churches or districts, and 
 ■whether occupied by the pastor permanently or rented for his benefit. The occasional 
 leasing of such buildings for schools, public lectures or concerts, or the leasing of such 
 parsonages, shall not render them liable to taxation. 
 
 4. Personal property owned and used exclusively by the State or any county agricultural 
 
 society, and the lands owned and used by any such society exclusively for fair grounds. 
 
 5. Fire engines and other implements used for extinguishing fires, owned or used by any 
 
 organized fii'e company, and the buildings and necessary grounds connected therewith, 
 owned by such company, and used exclusively for its proper purposes. 
 
 6. The property of Indians who are not citizens, except lands held by them by purchase. 
 
 7. Lands used exclusively as public burial-grounds, and tombs and monuments to the dead 
 
 therein. 
 
 8. Pensions receivable from the United States. 
 
 9. Stock in any corporation in this State which is required to pay taxes upon its property 
 
 in the same manner as individuals. 
 
 10. So much of the debts due or to become due to any person as shall equal the amount of 
 bona-fide and unconditional debts by him owing. 
 
 11. Wearing apparel, family portraits and libraries, kitchen furniture and growing crops. 
 
 12. Provisions and fuel provided by the head of a family to sustain its members for six 
 months ; but no person paying board shall be deemed a member of a family. 
 
 13. All the personal property of all insurance companies that now are or shall be organized 
 or doing business in this State. 
 
 14. The track, right of way, depot grounds, buildings, machine-shops, rolling-stock and 
 otlier property necessarily used in operating any railroad in this State belonging to any 
 railroad company, including pontoon, pile and pontoon railroads, and shall henceforth 
 remain exempt from taxation for any purpose, except that the same shall be subject to 
 special assessments for local improvements in cities and villages and all lands owned or 
 claimed by such railroad company not adjoining the track of such company, shall be 
 subject to all taxes. The provision of this subdivision shall not apply to any railroad 
 that now is or shall be operated by horse-power, whether now or hereafter constructed 
 in any village or city. 
 
 15. Tlie property, except real estate, of all companies wliich are or shall be engaged in the 
 business of telegraphing in this State. 
 
 16. The real estate of the Home of the Friendless in the city of Milwaukee, not exceeding 
 one lot in amount, is exempted, so long as the same shall continue to be used as such home. 
 
 17. All property of any corporation or association formed under the laws of this State for 
 the encouragement of industry by agricultural and industrial fairs and exhibitions, 
 which shall be necessary for fair grounds, while used exclusively for such fairs and 
 exhibitions, provided the quantity of land so exempt shall not exceed forty acres. 
 
 18. Such tree-belts as are or may be planted and maintained in compliance with chapter 
 sixty -six of one of these statutes. 
 
 Sec. 1191. Real property, upon which the county holds any certificates of tax sale, shall 
 continue liable to taxation and to sale for unpaid taxes, and the county shall be the exclusive 
 purchaser at the sale ; but when a tax deed shall be issued to the county, and it shall hold tax 
 certificates of sale unredeemed on the same property for two successive years subsequent to the 
 date of the sale on which such deed shall issue, including certificates of sale made prior to the 
 passage of these statutes, such property shall thereafter be exempt from taxation until the same 
 is sold by the county. The County Clerk shall annually, before the first day of June, furnish 
 to the Assessors of each town a list of the lands in such town exempt under this section. Noth- 
 ing in this section shall be so construed as to apply to lands owned by minors, married women, 
 ■widowed ■women, idiots or insane persons. 
 
270 IIISTOHV OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 COLLECTION OF TAXES. 
 
 Sec. 1080. The Town Treasurer of each town, on the receipt of the tax-roll for the cur- 
 rent year, shall forthwith post notices in three or four public places in such towns, that the tax- 
 roll for such town is in his hands for collection, and that the taxes charged therein are subject 
 to payment at his office at any time prior to the first day of January in such year ; and after 
 the said first day of January he shall proceed to collect the taxes charged in such roll and 
 remaining unpaid, and for that purpose shall call at least once on the person taxed, or at any 
 place of his usual residence, if within the town, and demand payment of the taxes charged to 
 him on such roll. 
 
 Sec. 1090. On all taxes paid or tendered at the office of such Treasurer prior to said first 
 day of January, he shall remit all of the 5-per-cent collection fees, except so much thereof as 
 he is authorized by law to have for his fees upon taxes so paid. 
 
 Sec. 1091. Town orders shall be receivable for taxes in the town where issued, and shall 
 be allowed the Town Treasurer on settlement of town taxes ; and county orders and jurors' cer- 
 tificates shall be receivable for taxes in the county where issued, and shall be allowed such Treas- 
 urer on settlement of county taxes with the County Treasurer, but no Town Treasurer shall 
 receive town orders in payment for taxes to a larger amount than the town taxes included in his 
 assessment-roll exclusive of all taxes for school purposes, nor county orders and jurors' certifi- 
 cates to a greater amount than the county tax included therein.. 
 
 Sec. 1097. In case any person shall refuse or neglect to pay the tax imposed upon him, 
 the Town Treasurer shall levy the same by distress and sale of any goods and chattels belong- 
 ing to such person, wherever the same may be found within his town ; and if a sufficient amount 
 of such property cannot be found in such town, the Town Treasurer may levy the same by dis- 
 tress and sale of the goods and chattels belonging to such person, wherever the same may be 
 found in the county or in any adjoining counties. 
 
 Sec. 1098. The Town Treasurer shall give public notice of the time and place of such 
 sale, at least six days previous thereto, by advertisement, containing a description of the prop- 
 erty to be sold, to be posted up in three public places in the town where the sale is to be made. 
 The sale shall be at public auction, in the daytime, and the property sold shall be present ; 
 such property may be released by the payment of the taxes and charges for which the same is 
 liable, to be sold ; if the purchase-money on such sale shall not be paid at such time as the 
 Treasurer may require, he may again, in his discretion, expose such property for sale, or sue, in 
 his name of office, the purchaser for the purchase-money, and recover the same with costs and 
 10-per-centum damages. 
 
 Sec. 1099. If the property so levied upon shall be sold for more than the amount of tax 
 and costs, the surplus shall be returned to the owner thereof; and if it cannot be sold for want 
 of bidders, the Treasurer shall return a statement of the fact, and return the property to the 
 person from whose possession he took the same ; and the tax, if unsatisfied, shall be collected in 
 the same manner as if no levy had been made. 
 
 HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES. 
 
 Sec. 122-3. The Supervisors of the several towns shall have the care and supervision of 
 the highways and bridges therein, and it shall be their duty : 
 
 1. To give directions for repairing the highways and bridges within their respective towns, 
 
 and cause to be removed all obstructions therefrom. 
 
 2. To cause such of the roads used as highways as have been laid out but not sufficiently 
 
 described, and such as have been lawfully laid out and used as such up to the then 
 present time, but not fully and sufficiently recorded, to be ascertained, described and 
 entered of record in the Town Clerk's office. 
 
ABSTRACT OF LAWS. 271 
 
 3. To cause bridges which are or may be erected over streams intersecting highways to be 
 
 iiept in repair. 
 
 4. To divide their respective towns into so many road districts as they shall judge conven- 
 
 ient, and specify every such division in writing under their hands, to be recorded in 
 the office of the Town Clerk ; but no such division shall be made within ten days next 
 preceding the annual town meeting. 
 
 5. To assign to each of the said road districts such of the inhabitants liable to pay taxes 
 
 on highways as they think proper, having regard to the nearness of residence as much 
 as practicable. 
 
 6. To require the Overseers of Highways from time to time, and as often as they shall 
 
 deem necessary, to perform any of the duties required of them by law. 
 
 7. To assess the highway taxes in their respective towns in each year, as provided by law. 
 
 8. To lay out and establish upon actual surveys, as hereinafter provided, such new roads in 
 
 their respective towns as they may deem necessary and proper ; to discontinue such 
 roads as shall appear to them to have become unnecessary, and to widen or alter such 
 roads when they shall deem necessary for public convenience, and perform all other 
 duties respecting highways and bridges directed by this chapter. 
 
 INTOXICATING LIQUORS. 
 
 Sec. 1548. The Town Boards, Village Boards and Common Councils of the respective 
 towns, villages and cities may grant license to such persons as they may deem proper, to keep 
 groceries, saloons or other places, within their respective towns, villages or cities, for the sale in 
 quantities less than one gallon of strong, spirituous, malt, ardent or intoxicating liquors, to be 
 drank on the premises ; and in like manner may grant licenses for the sale in any quantity of 
 such liquors not to be drank on the premises. The sum to be paid for such license for the sale 
 of such liquor to be drank on the premises shall not be less than twenty-five nor more than one 
 hundred and fifty dollars ; and for the sale of such liquors not to be drank on the premises shall 
 be not less than ten nor more than forty dollars. 
 
 Sec. 1549. Every applicant for such license shall, before delivery thereof, file with such 
 town, village or city clerk a bond to the State in the sum of five hundred dollars, with at 
 least two sureties, to be approved by the authorities granting the license, who shall each justify 
 in double its amount over and above their debts and liabilities and exemptions, and be freehold- 
 ers and residents of the county, conditioned that the applicant, during the continuance of his 
 license will keep and maintain an orderly and well-regulated house ; that he will permit no 
 gambling with cards, dice or any device or implement for that purpose, within his premises or 
 any out-house, yard or shed appertaining thereto ; that he will not sell or give away any intoxi- 
 cating liquor to any minor, having good reason to believe him to be such, unless upon the writ- 
 ten order of the parents or guardian of such minor, or to persons intoxicated or bordering upon 
 intoxication, or to habitual drunkards ; and that he will pay all damages that may be recovered 
 by any person, and that he will observe and obey all orders of such Supervisors, Trustees or 
 Aldermen, or any of them, made pursuant to law. In case of the breach of the condition of 
 any such bond, an action may be brought thereon in the name of the State of Wisconsin, and 
 judgment shall be entered against the principals and sureties therein named for the full penalty 
 thereof; and execution may issue thereupon by order of the court therefor, to satisfy any 
 judgment that may have been recovered against the principal named in said bond, by reason of 
 any breach in the conditions thereof, or for any penalties of forfeitures incurred under this chap- 
 ter. If more than one judgment shall have been recovered, the court, in its discretion, may 
 apply the proceeds of said bond toward the satisfaction of said several judgments, in whole or 
 in part, in such manner as it may see fit. 
 
 Sec. 1550. If any person shall vend, sell, deal or traffic in or for the purpose of evading 
 this chapter, give away, any spirituous, malt, ardent or intoxicating liquors or drinks in any 
 
272 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 quantity whatever without first having obtained license therefor, according to the provisions of 
 this chapter, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof shall be 
 punished by fine of not less than ten nor more than forty dollars, besides the costs of suit, or, 
 in lieu of sucli fine, by imprisonment in the county jail of the proper county not to exceed sixty 
 days nor less than twenty days ; and, in case of punishment by fine as above provided, such per- 
 son shall, unless the fine and costs be paid forthwith, be committed to the county jail of the proper 
 county until such fine and costs are paid, or until dischai-ged by due course of law ; and, in case 
 of a second or any subsequent conviction of the same person during any one year, the punish- 
 ment may be by both fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court. 
 
 Sec. 1551. Upon complaint made to any Justice of the Peace by any person that he 
 knows or has good reason to believe that an offense against this chapter, or any violation thereof, 
 has been committed, he shall examine the complainant on oath, and he shall reduce such com- 
 plaint to writing and cause the same to be subscribed by the person complaining. And if it 
 shall appear to such Justice that there is reasonable cause to believe that such offense has been 
 committed, he shall immediately issue his warrant, reciting therein the substance of such com- 
 plaint and requiring the officer to whom such warrant shall be directed forthwith to arrest the 
 accused and bring him before such Justice, to be dealt with according to law ; and the same war- 
 rant may require the officer to summon such persons as shall be therein named to appear at the 
 trial to give evidence. 
 
 Sec. 1552. The District Attorney of the proper county shall, on notice given to him by 
 the Justice of the Peace before whom any such complaint shall be made, attend the trial before 
 such Justice and conduct the same on behalf of tlie State. 
 
 Sec. 1553. Every supervisor, trustee, alderman and justice of the peace, police officer? 
 marshal, deputy marshal and constable of any town, village or city who shall know or be credi- 
 bly informed that any offense has been committed against the provisions of this chapter shall 
 make complaint against the person so offending within their respective towns, villages or cities 
 to a proper Justice of the Peace therein, and for every neglect or refusal so to do every such 
 officer shall forfeit twenty-five dollars, and the Treasurer of such town, village or city shall pros- 
 ecute therefor. 
 
 Sec. 1557. Any keeper of any saloon, shop or place of any name whatsoever for the sale 
 of strong, spirituous or malt liquors to be drank on the premiser, in any quantity less than one 
 gallon, who shall sell, vend or in any way deal or traffic in or for the purpose of evading this 
 chapter, give away any spirituous, ardent or malt liquors or drinks in any quantity whatsoever 
 to or with a minor, having good reason to believe him to be such, or to a person intoxicated or 
 bordering on a state of intoxication, or to any other prohibited person before mentioned, shall be 
 deemed guilty of a misdemeanor ; nor shall any person sell or in any way deal or traffic in, or, 
 for the purpose of evading this chapter, give away, any spirituous, ardent, intoxicating or malt 
 liquors or drinks in any quantity whatsoever within one mile of either of the hospitals for the 
 insane ; and any person who shall so sell or give away any such liquors or drinks shall be 
 deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. 
 
 BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. 
 
 Sec. 1675. All notes in writing made and signed by any person or for any corporation, 
 and all certificates of the deposit of money issued by any person or corporation, whereby he or 
 it shall promise to pay to any person or order, or unto the bearer, any sum of money, as therein 
 mentioned, shall be due and payable as therein expressed, and shall have the same effect and 
 shall be negotiable in like manner as inland bills of exchange, according to the custom of mer- 
 chants. But no order drawn upon or accepted by the Treasurer of any county, town, city, village 
 or school district, whether drawn by any officer thereof or any other person, and no obligation nor 
 instrument made by such corporation or any officer thereof, unless expressly authorized by law 
 
ABSTRACT OF LAWS. 273 
 
 to be made negotiable, shall be, or shall be deemed to be, negotiable according to the customs of 
 merchants, in whatever form they may be drawn or made. 
 
 Sec. 1680. On all bills of e.xchange payable at sight, or at future day certain, within 
 this State, and all negotiable promissory notes, orders and drafts payable at a future day cer- 
 tain, within this State, in which there is not an express stipulation to the contrary, grace should 
 be allowed in like manner as it is allowed by the custom of merchants on foreign bills of exchange 
 payable at the expiration of a certain period after date or sight. The provisions of this section 
 shall not extend to any bill of exchange, note or draft payable on demand. 
 
 Sec. 1684. All notes, drafts, bills of exchange or other negotiable paper maturing on 
 Sunday or upon any legal holiday shall be due and payable on the next preceding secular day. 
 
 HOURS OF LABOR. 
 
 Sec. 1728. In all manufactories, work-shops and other places used for mechanical or 
 manufacturing purposes, the time of labor of children under eighteen years of age and of women 
 employed therein, shall not exceed eight hours in one day ; and any employer, stockholder, 
 director, officer, overseer, clerk or foreman who shall compel any woman or any child to labor 
 exceeding eight hours in any one day, or who shall permit any child under fourteen years of age 
 to labor more than ten hours in any one day in any such place, if he shall have control over 
 such cliild sufficient to prevent it, or who shall employ at manual labor any child under twelve 
 years of age in any factory or work-shop where more than three persons are employed, or who 
 shall employ any child of twelve and under fourteen years of age in any such factory or work- 
 shop for more than seven months in any one year, shall forfeit not less than five nor more than 
 fifty dollars for each such offense. 
 
 Sec. 1729. In all engagements to labor in any manufacturing or mechanical business, 
 where there is no express contract to the contrary, a day's work shall consist of eight hours, and 
 all engagements or contracts for labor in such cases shall be so construed ; but this shall no* 
 apply to any contract for labor by the week, month or year. 
 
 FORM OF CONVEYANCES. 
 
 Sec. 2207. A deed of quitclaim and release of the form in common use or of the form 
 hereinafter provided, shall be sufficient to pass all the estate which the grantor could lawfully 
 convey by deed of bargain and sale. 
 
 IS EC. 2208. Conveyances of land may be in substantially the following form: 
 
 WARRANTY DEED. 
 
 A B, grantor of County, Wisconsin, hereby conveys and warrants to C D, grantee, 
 
 of County, Wisconsin, for the sum of dollars, the following tract of land in 
 
 County. 
 
 [Here describe the premises.) 
 
 Witness the hand and seal of said grantor this day of , 18 — . 
 
 In the presence of 1 
 
 •i 
 
 QUITCLAIM DEED. 
 
 SEAL. 
 SEAL. 
 
 A B, grantor, of County, Wisconsin, hereby quitclaims to C D, grantee, of 
 
 County, Wisconsin, for the sum of dollars, the following tract of land in County, 
 
 ( Here describe the premises ) 
 
 Witness the hand and seal of said grantor this day of , 18 — . 
 
 In presence of 'l 
 
 V '■ [seal." 
 
 j [seal.' 
 
274 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Such deeds, when executed and acknowledged as required by law, shall, when of the first 
 of the above forms, have the effect of a conveyance in fee simple to the grantee, his heirs and 
 assigns of the premises therein named, together with all the appurtenances, rights and privileges 
 thereto belonging, with a covenant from the grantor, his heirs and personal representatives, that 
 he is lawfully seized of the premises : has good right to convey the same ; that he guaran- 
 tees the grantee, his heirs and assigns in the quiet possession thereof ; that the same are free from 
 all incumbrances, and that the grantor, his heirs and personal representatives will forever war- 
 rant and defend the title and possession thereof in the grantee, his heirs and assigns against all 
 lawful claims whatsoever. Any exceptions to such covenants may be briefly inserted in such 
 deed, following the description of the land ; and when in the second of the above forms, shall 
 have tlie effect of a conveyance in fee simple to the grantee, his heirs and assigns, of all the right, 
 title, interest and estate of the grantor, either in possession or expectancy, in and to the prem- 
 ises therein described, and all rights, privileges and appurtenances thereto belonging. 
 
 MORTGAGES. 
 
 Sec. 2209. A mortgage may be substantially in the following form ; 
 
 A B, mortgagor, of County, Wisconsin, hereby mortgages to C D, mortgagee, of 
 
 County, Wisconsin, for the sum of dollars, the following ti-act of land in 
 
 County. 
 
 [Here describe the premises.) 
 
 This mortgage is given to secure the following indebtedness : 
 
 ^ Here state amount or amounts and form of indebtedness, whether on note, bond or otherwise, time or times when due, rate 
 
 of interest, by and to whom payable, etc.] 
 
 The mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes and assessments on said premises, and the sum of 
 dollars attorney's fees in case of foreclosure thereof 
 
 Witness the hand and seal of said mortgagor this day of . 18 — . 
 
 In presence of ~j 
 
 — : V [seal." 
 
 j [seal.' 
 
 when executed and acknowledged according to law shall have the effect of a conveyance of 
 the land therein described, together with all the rights, privileges and appurtenances thereunto 
 beloftging in pledge to the mortgagee, his heirs, assigns and legal representatives for the payment 
 of the indebtedness therein set forth, with covenant from the mortgagor that all taxes and assess- 
 ments levied and assessed upon the land described during the continuance of the mortgage shall 
 be paid previous to the day appointed by law for the sale of lands for taxes, as fully as the forms 
 of mortgage now and heretofore in common use in this State, and may be foreclosed in the same 
 manner and with the same effect, upon any default being made in any of the conditions thereof 
 as to payment of either principal, interest or taxes. 
 
 ASSIGNMENT OF MORTGAGE. 
 
 Sec. 2210. An assignment of a mortgage substantially in the following form : 
 For value received I, A B, of , Wisconsin, hereby assign to C D, of j— , Wis- 
 consin, the within mortgage (or a certain mortgage executed to by E F and wife, of 
 
 County, Wisconsin, the day of , 18 — , and recorded in the office of the Register of 
 
 Deeds of County, Wisconsin, in Vol. of mortgages, on page ), together with 
 
 the and indebtedness therein mentioned. 
 
 Witness my hand and seal this day of , 18 — . 
 
 In presence of ) 
 
 J A B. [SEAL.] 
 

 
 J'''-i 
 
 A^- 
 
 ,h 
 
 :-^ 
 
 FOND DU LAC. 
 
ABSTRACT OF LAWS. 275 
 
 shall be sufficient to vest in the assignee for all purposes all the rights of the mortgagee 
 under the mortgage, and the amount of the indebtedness due thereon at the date of assignment. 
 Such assignment, when indorsed upon the original mortgage, shall not require an acknowledg- 
 ment in order to entitle the same to be recorded. 
 
 TITLE TO REAL PROPERTY BY DESCENT. 
 
 Sec. 2270. When any person shall die, seized of any lands, tenements or hereditaments, or 
 any right thereto, or entitled to any interest therein in fee simple, or for the life of another, not 
 having lawfully devised the same, they shall descend subject to his debts, except as provided in 
 the next section, in the manner following : 
 
 1. In equal shares to his children, and to the lawful issue of any deceased child, by right 
 
 of representation ; and if there be no child of the intestate living at his death, his 
 estate shall descend to all his other lineal descendants ; and if all the said descendants 
 are in the same degree of kindred to the intestate, they shall share the estate equally, 
 otherwise they shall take according to the right of representation. 
 
 2. If he shall leave no lawful issue, to his widow ; if he shall leave no such issue or widow, 
 
 to his parents, if living ; and if either shall not be living, the survivor shall inherit 
 his said estate. If a woman shall die, leaving no issue, her estate shall descend to 
 her husband, if she shall have one at the time of her decease, and if she shall leave, 
 surviving her, neither issue nor husband, to her parents, if living; and if either shall 
 not be living, the survivor shall inherit her said estate. 
 
 3. If he shall leave no lawful issue, nor widow, nor father, nor mother, his estate shall 
 
 descend in equal shares to his brothers and sisters, and to the children of any deceased 
 brother or sister, by right of representation. 
 
 4. If the intestate shall leave no lawful issue, widow, father, mother, brother nor sister, 
 
 his estate shall descend to his next of kin in equal degree, except that when there are 
 two or more collateral kindred in equal degree, but claiming through different ances- 
 tors, those who claim through the nearest ancestor shall be preferred to those claiming 
 through an ancestor more remote ; provided, however, 
 6. If any person die leaving several children, or leaving one child, and the issue of one or 
 more other children, and any such surviving child shall die under age, and not having 
 been married, all the estate that came to the deceased child, by inheritance from such 
 deceased parent, shall descend in equal shares to the other children of the same parent, 
 and to the issue of any such other children who shall have died, by right of representation. 
 
 6. If, at the death of such child, who shall die under age, and not having been married, all 
 
 the other children of his said parent shall also be dead, and any of them shall have left 
 issue, the estate that came to said child by inheritance from his said parent, shall 
 descend to all the issue of the other children of the same parent ; and if all the said 
 issue are in the same degree of kindred to said child, they shall share the said estate 
 equally ; otherwise they shall take according to the right of representation. 
 
 7. If the intestate shall have no widow nor kindred, his estate shall escheat to the State, 
 
 and be added to the capital of the school fund. 
 Sec. 2271. When the owner of any homestead shall die, not having lawfully devised the 
 same, such homestead shall descend free of all judgments and claims against such deceased 
 owner or his estate, except mortgages lawfully executed thereon, and laborers' and mechanics' 
 liens, in the manner following : 
 
 1. If he shall have no lawful issue, to his widow. 
 
 2. If he shall leave a widow and issue, to his widow during her widowhood, and, upon her 
 
 marriage or death, to his heirs, according to the next preceding section. 
 
 3. If he shall leave issue and no widow, to such issue, according to the preceding section. 
 
 4. If he shall leave no issue or widow, such homestead shall descend under the next pro- 
 
 ceding section, subject to lawful liens thereon. 
 
276 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 OF WILLS. 
 
 Sec. 2277. Every person of full age, and any married woman of the age of eighteen years 
 and upward, being of sound mind, seized in his or her own right of any lands, or of any right 
 thereto, or entitled to any interest therein, descendible to his or her heirs, may devise and dis- 
 pose of the same by last will and testament in writing; and all such estate not disposed of by 
 will, shall descend as the estate of an intestate, being chargeable, in both cases, with the pay- 
 ment of all his debts or her debts, except as provided in the next preceding chapter, and in sec- 
 tion twenty-two hundred and eighty. 
 
 Sec. 2278. Every devise of land in any will shall be construed to convey all the estate 
 of the devisor therein, which he could lawfully devise, unless it shall clearly appear by the will 
 that the devisor intended to convey a less estate. 
 
 Sec. 2279. Any estate, right or interest in lands acquired by the testator, aftei- the making 
 of his will, shall pass thereby in like manner as if possessed at the time of making the will, if 
 such .shall manifestly appear, by the will, to have been the intention of the testator. 
 
 Sec. 2280. When any homestead shall have been disposed of by the last will and testa- 
 ment of the owner thereof, the devisee shall take the same, free of all judgments and claims 
 against the testator or his estate, except mortgages lawfully executed thereon, and laborers' and 
 mechanics' liens. 
 
 Sec. 2281. Every person of full age, and every married woman of the age of eighteen 
 years and upward, being of sound mind, may, by last will and testament in writing, bequeath 
 and dispose of all his or her personal estate remaining at his or her decease, and all his or her 
 rights thereto and interest therein, subject to the payment of debts ; and all such estate not dis- 
 posed of by the will shall be administered as intestate estate. 
 
 Sec. 2284. All beneficial devises, legacies and gifts whatsoever, made or given in any will 
 to a subscribing witness thereto, shall be wholly void, unless there be two other competent sub- 
 scribing witnesses to the same ; but a mere charge on the lands of the devisor for the payment 
 of debts, shall not prevent his creditors from being competent witnesses to his will. 
 
 Sec. 2285. But if such witness, to whom any beneficial devise may have been made or 
 given, would have been entitled to any share of the estate of the testator, in case the will was 
 not established, then so much of the share that would have descended or been distributed to 
 such witness as will not exceed the devise or bequest made to him in the will, shall be saved to 
 him, and he may recover the same of the devisees or legatees named in the .will, in proportion 
 to and out of the parts devised or bequeathed to them. 
 
 Sec. 2286. When any child shall be born, after the making of his parent's will, and no 
 provision shall be made therein for him, such child shall have the same share in the estate of the 
 testator as if he had died intestate; and the share of such child shall be assigned to him, as pro- 
 vided by law, in case of intestate estates, unless it shall be apparent from the will that it was 
 the intention of tlie testator that no provision should be made for such child. 
 
 Sec. 2290. No will, or any part thereof, shall be revoked, unless by burning, tearing, can- 
 celing or obliterating the same, with the intention of revoking it, by the testator, or by some 
 person in his presence, and by his direction, or by some other will or codicil in writing, executed 
 as prescribed in this chapter, or by some other writing, signed, attested and subscribed in the 
 manner provided in this chapter, for the execution of a will ; excepting, only, that nothing con- 
 tained in this section shall prevent the revocation implied by law, from subsequent changes in 
 the condition or circumstances of the testator. The power to make a will implies the power to 
 revoke the same. 
 
 OF THE ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. 
 
 Sec. 4021. Any inhabitant of this State may petition the County Court, in the county of 
 his residence, for leave to adopt a child not his own by birth ; but no such petition made by a 
 married person shall be granted, unless the husband or wife of the petitioner shall join therein ; 
 
ABSTRACT OF J.AWS. 277 
 
 nor shall any such petition be granted, unless the child, if of the age of fourteen years, or more, 
 shall consent thereto in writing, in the presence of the court. 
 
 Sec. 4022. No such adoption shall be made, without the written consent of the living 
 parents of such child, unless the court shall find that one of the parents has abandoned the child, 
 or gone to parts unknown, when such consent may be given by the parent, if any, having the 
 care of the child. In case wliere neither of the parents is living, or if living, have abandoned 
 the child, such consent may be given by the guardian of such child, if any ; if such child has no 
 guardian, such consent may be given by any of the next of kin of such child, residing in this State, 
 or, in the discretion of the court, by some suitable person to be appointed by the court. 
 
 2. In case of a child not born in lawful wedlock, such consent may be given by the mother, 
 if she is living, and has not abandoned such child. 
 
 Sec. 4023. If upon such petition and consent, as herein provided, the County Court shall 
 be satisfied of the identity and the relations of the persons, and that the petitioners are of suifi- 
 cient ability to bring up, and furnish suitable nurture and education for the child, having refer- 
 ence to the degree and condition of its parents, and that it is proper thijt such adoption shall 
 take effect, such court shall make an order, reciting said facts that, from and after the date 
 thereof, such child shall be deemed, to all legal intents and purposes, the child of the petitioners ; 
 and by such order the name of such child may be changed to that of the parents by adoption. 
 
 Sec. 4024. A child so adopted, shall be deemed for the purposes of inheritance and succes- 
 sion by such child, custody of the person and right of obedience by such parents by adoption, 
 and all other legal consequences and incidents of the natural relation of parents and children, 
 the same to all intents and purposes as if such child had been born in lawful wedlock of such 
 parents by adoption, excepting that such child shall not be capable of taking property 
 expressly limited to the heirs of the body of such parents. 
 
 The natural parents of such child shall be deprived, by such order of adoption, of all legal 
 rights whatsoever, respecting such child, and such child shall be freed from all legal obligations of 
 maintenance and obedience to such natural parents. 
 
 INTEREST. 
 
 The legal rate of interest is 7 per cent. A higher rate of interest, not exceeding 10 per 
 cent, may be contracted for, but the same must be clearly expressed in writing. If a higher 
 rate than 10 per cent is collected or paid, the party so paying may, by himself or his legal rep- 
 resentative, recover treble the amount so paid above the 10 per cent, if the action is brought 
 within one year, and all bills, notes, or other contracts whatsoever, whereby a higher rate than 10 
 per cent is secured, shall be liable for the principal sum, but no interest shall be recovered. 
 
 JURISDICTION OF COURTS. 
 
 The Circuit Courts have general jurisdiction over all civil and criminal actions within their 
 respective circuits, subject to a re-examination by the Supreme Court. 
 
 The County Courts shall have jurisdiction over the probate matters in their respective 
 counties, and shall have exclusive appellate jurisdiction in the counties of Brown, Dodge, Fond 
 du Lac, Milwaukee and Winnebago in all cases of appeals from Justices of the Peace in civil 
 actions, and all cases commenced in Justices' Courts therein, there shall be an answer put in, 
 showing that the title of lands will come in question. 
 
 And such Courts shall have concurrent and equal jurisdiction in all civil actions and pro- 
 ceedings with the Circuit Courts of said counties to the following extent respectively : 
 
 The County Court of Brown, when the value of the property in controversy, after deduct- 
 ing airpaymeuts and set-off's, shall not exceed five thousand dollars. 
 
 The County Court of Dodge County, when such value shall not exceed twenty-five thousand 
 dollars. 
 
278 HISTORY OF AVISCONSIN. 
 
 The County Court of Fond du Lac, when such value shall not exceed twenty thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 The County Court of Milwaukee, when such value does not exceed five million dollars. 
 
 The County of Winnebago, when such value does not exceed twenty thousand dollars. 
 
 They shall have jurisdiction of all actions for foreclosure where the value does not exceed 
 the above amounts, and of all actions for divorce or for affirmation or annullment of marriage 
 contract. 
 
 Justices of the Peace have jurisdiction in civil matters where two hundred dollars or less 
 are involved. 
 
 The criminal jurisdiction of Justices extends to all cases where the fine is one hundred dol- 
 lars, or the imprisonment six months. 
 
 JURORS. 
 
 All persons who are citizens of the United States, and qualified electors of the State shall 
 be liable to be drawn as jurors, except as provided as follows: 
 
 The following persons shall be exempt from serving as jurors: 
 
 All officers of the United States, the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, 
 Attorney General, State Superintendent and Treasurer ; all Judges, Clerks of Courts of Record ; 
 all county officers. Constables, attorneys and counselors at law, ministers of the Gospel of any 
 religious society, practicing physicians, surgeons, dentists, and the President, professors and 
 instructors of the University and their assistants, and of the several colleges and incorporated 
 academies ; all teachers of the State Normal Schools, one teacher in each common school, the 
 officers and employes of the several State institutions, one miller in each grist-mill, one ferry- 
 man at each licensed ferry, one dispensing druggist in each prescription drug-store, all telegraph 
 operators and superintendents, conductors, engineers, firemen, collectors and station-agents of 
 any railroad or canal, while in actual employment as such ; all officers of fire departments, and 
 all active members of fire companies organized according to law ; all persons more than sixty 
 years of age, and all persons of unsound mind or subject to any bodily infirmity amounting to 
 disability ; all persons who have been convicted of any infamous crime, and all persons who have 
 served at any regular term of the Circuit Court as a grand or petit juror within one year, except 
 he shall be summoned on a special venire or as a talesman. 
 
 CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. 
 Capital punishment has been abolished in this State. 
 
 WOLF SCALPS. 
 A bounty of five dollars is paid for each wolf scalp. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 Whenever either of the articles, as commodities hereafter mentioned, shall be sold by the 
 bushel, and no special agreement as to measure or weight thereof shall be made by the parties, 
 the measure shall be ascertained by weight, and shall be computed as follows: 
 
 Sixty pounds for a bushel of wheat, clover seed, potatoes or beans. 
 
 Fifty pounds for a bushel of green apples ; fifty-six pounds for a bushel of rutabagas, flax- 
 seed, rye or Indian corn shelled, and seventy pounds of Indian corn unshelled ; fifty pounds for 
 a bushel of rape seed, buckwheat, beets, carrots or onions ; forty-eight pounds for a bushel of 
 barley ; forty-five pounds for a bushel of timothy seed ; forty-four pounds for a bushel of pars- 
 nips ; forty-two pounds for a bushel of common flat turnips ; thirty-two pounds for a busliel of 
 oats ; and twenty-eight pounds for a bushel of dried apples or dried peaches. 
 
ABSTRACT OF LAWS. 279 
 
 No person shall sell, buy or receive in store any grain at any weight or measure per bushel 
 other than the standard weight or measure per bushel fixed by law ; and, for any violation, the 
 offender shall forfeit not less than five nor more than fifty dollars. 
 
 DAMAGES FOR TRESPASS. 
 
 Any person who shall willfully, maliciously or wantonly destroy, remove, throw down or 
 injure any fence, hedge or wall inclosing any orchard, pasture, meadow, garden, or any field 
 whatever on land belonging to or lawfully occupied by another, or open and leave open, throw 
 down, injure, remove or destroy any gate or bars in such fence, hedge or wall, or cut down, root 
 up, sever, injure, destroy or carry away when severed, any fruit, shade, ornamental or other tree, 
 or any shrub, root, plant, fruit, flower, grain or other vegetable production, or dig up, sever or 
 carry away any mineral, earth or stone, or tear down, mutilate, deface or injure any building, 
 signboard, fence or railing, or sever and carry away any part thereof, standing or being upon the 
 land of another or held in trust, or who shall willfully, maliciously or wantonly cut down, root 
 up, injure, destroy or remove or carry away any fruit, ornamental or other tree, or any shrub, 
 fruit, flower, vase or statue, arbor, or any ornamental structure, standing or being in any street 
 or public ground in any city or village, in any private inclosure or highway, or destroy, remove, 
 mutilate or injure any milestone or board, or any guide-post or board erected in any highway or 
 public way, or on any turnpike, plank-road or railroad, or deface or obliterate any device or inscrip- 
 tion thereon, or cut down, break down, remove, mutilate or injure any monument erected or tree 
 marked for the purpose of designating the boundaries of any town or tract of land or subdivision 
 thereof, or deface or obliterate any figures, letters, device or inscription thereon, made for such 
 purpose, or break, remove, destroy or injure any post, guard, railing or lamp-post or lamp 
 thereon, erected or being on any bridge, street, sidewalk, alley, court, passage, park, public 
 ground, highway, turnpike, plank or rail road, or extinguish or break any lamp on any such 
 lamp-post, or tear, deface, mutilate or injure any book, map, pamphlet, chart, picture or other 
 property belonging to any public library, or take and carry away the same with intent to con- 
 vert to his own use, or shall injure or destroy any personal property of another, shall be pun- 
 ished by imprisonment in the county jail not more than six months, or by fine not exceeding 
 one hundred dollars. 
 
 Any person who shall willfully, maliciously or wantonly kill, maim, mutilate, disfigure or 
 injure any horse, mule, cattle, sheep or other domestic animal of another, or administer poison 
 to such animal, or expose any poison, with intent that the same may be taken or swallowed by 
 such animal ; and any person who shall overdrive, overwork, overload, maim, wound, torture, 
 torment, cruelly beat or kill any such animal belonging to himself or another, or being the owner 
 or having the care or charge thereof, shall fail to provide necessary food, water or shelter for any 
 such animal, or who shall turn out and abandon, without proper care and protection, or cruelly 
 work any such animal when old, diseased, disabled or unfit for work, or shall carry or confine 
 any live animal, fowl or bird, in a cruel or inhuman manner, or who shall cause, procure or abet 
 any cruelty above mentioned, or the fighting or baiting of bulls, dogs or cocks, shall be punished 
 by imprisonment in the county jail not more than six months or by fine not exceeding one hun- 
 dred dollars. 
 
 ESTRAYS. 
 No stray, except horses and mules, shall be taken up by any person not a resident of the 
 town in which it is found ; nor unless it is found upon land owned or occupied by him. Every 
 finder for a stray must notify the owner, if he is known, within seven days, and request him to 
 pay all reasonable charges and take the stray away. If the owner is not known, he must file a 
 notice with the Town Clerk within ten days, who shall transmit a copy thereof to the County 
 Clerk. 
 
 If the stray is not worth five dollars, the finder shall post a copy of such notice in two pub- 
 lic places in such town ; if it exceed five dollars in value, he shall publish such notice four 
 
280 IIISTOKY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 successive weeks either in some newspaper published in the county or in an adjoining county, if one 
 be published nearer his residence than any published in his county ; but if no newspaper is pub- 
 lished within twenty miles of his residence, then he must post such notice in three public places 
 in his county. Such notice shall describe the stray by giving its marks, natural or artificial, as 
 near as possible, the name and residence of the finder, specifying the section and town, and the 
 time when such stray was taken up. For neglect to post up or publish as required, the finder 
 shall be liable to double the amount of damages sustained by the owner. For neglect to post or 
 publish for one year, the finder shall be liable for its full value, to be recovered in the name of 
 the town, and the amount recovered to be added to the school fund of such town. 
 
 The finder shall, within one month, cause the stray to be appraised by a Justice of the Peace 
 and a certificate of such appraisal signed by such Justice filed in the Town Clerk's ofiBce. The 
 finder shall pay the Justice fifty cents for such certificate, and ten cents per mile for each mile 
 necessarily traveled to make the same. 
 
 The owner may have the same restored to him any time within one year after such notice 
 is filed in the town Clerk's office, by proving that the stray belongs to him, and paying all lawful 
 charges incurred in relation to the same. If the owner and finder cannot agree as to the charges, 
 either party, on notice to the othei', may apply to a Justice of such town to settle the same, who, 
 for that purpose, may examine witnesses upon oath, and the amount found due, with the 
 costs, shall be a lien upon such stray. If no owner applies for the return of such stray, as pro- 
 vided, and the same is not worth more than ten dollars, it shall become the absolute property of 
 such finder ; but if the appraisal shall exceed ten dollars, it shall be sold at public auction by 
 the Siierift' or any Constable of the county, on the request of the finder, and he shall be entitled 
 to one-half the proceeds, and the other half shall be paid to the Treasurer of the town within 
 ten days. If the finder shall neglect or refuse to cause such sale, he shall pay to the town the 
 value of such stray, to be recovered by the town. 
 
 If any person, without the consent of the owner, shall take away such stray, without first 
 paying the lawful charges, he shall be liable to the finder for the value of such stray. If the finder 
 shall neglect to do any act prescribed above, he sliall be precluded from acquiring any right in 
 such stray, and from receiving any charges or expenses relative thereto. 
 
 FENCES. 
 
 The Overseers of Highways in their respective towns, the Aldermen of cities in their 
 respective wards, and the Trustees of villages in their respective villages, shall be Fence Viewers, 
 and in towns having less than three road districts, the Supervisors shall be Fence Viewers. 
 
 All fences four and a half feet high, and in good repair, consisting of rails, timber, boards 
 or stone walls, or any combination thereof, and all brooks, rivers, ponds, creeks, ditches and 
 hedges or other things which shall be considered equivalent thereto, in the judgment of the 
 Fence Viewers, within whose jurisdiction the same may be, shall be deemed legal and sufficient 
 fences. Every partition of a fence, or line upon which a fence is to be built, made by the owners 
 of the adjoining lands, in writing, sealed and witnessed by two witnesses, or by Fence Viewers 
 in writing, under their hands, after being recorded in the Town Clerk's office, shall oblige such 
 owners and their heirs, as long as they remain owners, and after parting with the ownership, 
 until a new partition is made. A division of a partition fence, or line upon which a partition 
 fence between adjoining lands shall be built, may be made by Fence Viewers in the following 
 cases : 
 
 1. When any owner of uninclosed lands shall desire to inclose the same, he may have the 
 line between his land and the adjoining land of any other person divided, and the portion upon 
 which the respective owners shall erect their sliare of the partition fence assigned, whether such 
 adjoining land be inclosed or not. 
 
 2. When any lands belonging to diiferent persons in severalty, shall have been occupied 
 in common, or witliout a ]iartition fence between them, and one of the occupants shall be desirous 
 
ABSTRACT OF LAWS. 281 
 
 to occupy his part in severalty, and the others shall refuse or neglect, on demand, to divide 
 with him the line where the fence ought to be built, or to build a sufficient fence on his part of 
 the line, when divided, the occupant desiring it may have the same divided, and the share of 
 each assigned. 
 
 3. When any controversy shall arise about the right of the respective occupants in parti- 
 tion fences, or their obligations to maintain the same, either party may have the line divided, and 
 the share of each assigned. 
 
 In either case, application may be made to two or more Fence Viewers of the town where 
 the lands lie, who shall give reasonable notice in writing to each party, and they shall in writing 
 under their hands, divide the partition fence or line, and assign to each owner or occupant his 
 share thereof, and in the second and third cases direct within what time each party shall build 
 or repair his share of the fence, having regard to the season of the year, and shall file such deci- 
 sion in the Town Clerk's office. If either party shall neglect or refuse to build or repair within 
 the time so assigned, his part of the fence, the other may, after having completed his own part, 
 build or repair such part, and recover double the expense thereof 
 
 Where the whole or a greater share than belongs to him has been built by one of the occu- 
 pants, before complaint to the Fence Viewers, the other shall be obliged to pay for his share of 
 such fence. 
 
 Where nninclosed land is afterward inclosed, the owner shall pay for one-half the partition 
 fence upon the line between him and any other owner or occupant. 
 
 If any person shall determine not to keep inclosed any part of his land adjoining any par- 
 tition fence, and shall give six months' notice of such determination to all adjoining occupants, 
 he shall not be required to maintain any part of such fence during the time his lands shall lie 
 open. 
 
 LANDLORD AND TENANT. 
 
 The common law right to destrain for rent is abolished. 
 
 The atonement of a tenant to a stranger shall be absolutely void, and shall not in anywise 
 effect the possession of his landlord, unless it be made 
 
 1. With the consent of the landlord ; or 
 
 2. Pursuant to, or in consequence of, a judgment or order of a court of competent juris- 
 diction; or 
 
 3. To a purchaser upon a judicial sale, who shall have acquired title to the lands by a 
 conveyance thereof after the period for redemption, if any, has expired. A tenancy, a will or 
 sufferance may be determined by the landlord, giving one month's notice to quit, or the tenant 
 giving one month's notice of his intention to quit, or if the terms of payment are for less than a 
 month, notice equal to the time between payments, or for non-payment of rent, fourteen days' 
 notice to quit. Such notice shall be served by delivering the same to such tenant, or to some 
 person of proper age residing on the premises, or if no such person can be found, by affixing the 
 same in a conspicuous part of the premises, where it may be conveniently read, and, at the expi- 
 ration of the time required after the service of such notice, the landlord may re-enter, or main- 
 tain an action for the recovery of the possession thereof, or proceed in the manner prescribed by 
 law to remove such tenant without further or other notice to quit. If, after giving notice of deter- 
 mination to quit, the tenant neglects or refuses to deliver up the premises, he shall be liable to 
 double the rent agreed upon, to be collected the same as single rent. 
 
 MARKS AND BRANDS. 
 
 Every Town Clerk shall, on application of any person residing in his town, recoi'd a 
 description of the marks or brands with which such person may be desirous of marking his 
 horses, cattle, sheep or hogs ; but the same description siiall not be recorded or used by moi'e 
 than one resident of the same town. If any person shall mark any of his horses, cattle, sheep 
 
282 HISTORY OF WLSCON.SIN. 
 
 or hogs, with the same mark or brand previously recorded by any resident of the same town, 
 and while the same mark or brand shall be used by such resident, he shall forfeit for every such 
 offense $5 ; if any person shall willfully mark or brand any of the horses, cattle, sheep or hogs, 
 of any other person with his mark or brand, he shall forfeit for every such offense $10 ; and, if 
 any person shall willfully destroy or alter any mark or brand upon any of the horses, cattle, sheep 
 or hogs of another, he shall forfeit $10, and pay to the party injured double damages. 
 
 SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS. 
 
 A County Surveyor is elected every two years. 
 
 The surveyor may appoint and remove deputies at will, on filing a certificate thereof with 
 the County Clerk. He shall be responsible on his bond for the faithful performance by every 
 deputy of his duties. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the County Surveyor: 
 
 (1.) To execute, himself or by his deputy, any survey which may be required of him by 
 order of court, or upon application of any individual or corporation. 
 
 (2.) To make a record of the plat and field notes of each survey made by him or his 
 deputies, in record books kept therefor, and to so arrange or index the same as to be easy of 
 reference, and to file and preserve in his ofiice the original field notes and calculations thereof. 
 
 (3.) To safely keep all books, records, plats, files, papers and property belonging to his 
 office ; afford opportunity to examine the same to any person desiring, and deliver the same to 
 his successor in office. 
 
 (4.) To furnish a copy of any record, plat or paper in his office, to any person on demand 
 and payment of his legal fees therefor. 
 
 (5.) To administer to every chainman and marker assisting in any survey, before com- 
 mencing their duties as such, an oath or affirmation faithfully and impartially to discharge the 
 duties of chainman or marker, as the case may be ; and the surveyor and his deputies are 
 empowered to administer the same. 
 
 (6.) To perform such other duties as may be required by law. 
 
 The surveyor and his deputies may demand and receive the following fees, except it be other- 
 wise agreed upon with the parties employing them, to wit : 
 
 For each day's service, $3. 
 
 For each mile traveled in going from his office to the place of rendering service and return- 
 ing, 10 cents. 
 
 For plat and certificate, except town plats, 50 cents. 
 
 For recording a survey, 50 cents. 
 
 For each chainman and marker necessarily employed, $1.50 per day, unless they be fur- 
 nished by the person for whom the survey is made. 
 
 For making a copy, 10 cents a folio, and 25 cents for his certificate. 
 
 SUPPORT OF THE POOR. 
 
 Every town shall relieve and support all poor and indigent persons lawfully settled therein, 
 whenever they shall stand in need thereof, excepting as follows: 
 
 The father, mother and children, being of sufficient ability, of any poor person, who is blind, 
 old, lame, impotent or decrepit, so as to be unable to maintain himself, shall, at their own 
 charge, relieve and maintain such poor person in such manner as shall be approved by the Super 
 visors of the town where such person may be, and, upon the failure of any such relative so to do, 
 the Supervisors shall apply to the County Judge for an order to compel such relief 
 
 Legal settlement may be acquired by one year's residence in a town of this State. 
 
ABSTRACT OF LAWS. 283 
 
 MARRIED WOMEN. 
 
 In Wisconsin, the marriage of a femnie sole, executrix or administratrix, extinguishes her 
 authority ; and of a female ward, terminates the guardianship as to custody of person, but not 
 as to estate. The husband holds his deceased wife's lands for life, unless she left, by a former 
 husband, issue to whom the estate might descend. Provisions exist by which powers may be 
 given to married women, and regulating their execution of them. If husband and wife are 
 impleaded, and the husband neglects to defend the rights of the wife, she applying before judg- 
 ment, may defend without him ; and, if he lose her land, by default, she may bring an action 
 for ejectment after his death. The real estate of females married before, and the real and per- 
 sonal property of those after February 21, 1850, remain their separate property. And any 
 married woman may receive, but not from her husband, and hold any property as if unmarried. 
 She may insure the life of her husband, son, or any other person, for her own exclusive benefit. 
 The property of the wife remains to her separate use, not liable for her husband's debts, and 
 not subject to his disposal. She may convey her separate property. If her husband desert 
 her, or neglect her, she may become a sole trader; and she may insure his life for her benefit. 
 Her husband is not liable for her debts contracted before marriage ; the individual earnings of 
 the wife are her separate property, and she may sue, and be sued alone, in regard to the same. 
 She may make and hold deposits in savings-banks. She may, by a separate conveyance, release 
 her dower in any lands which her husband has conveyed. 
 
 If a woman has authority, she can transact all her husband's business for him ; and while 
 they live together, the wife can buy all family things necessary for the support of the family, 
 and for which he is liable. 
 
 The husband is responsible for necessaries supplied to his wife, if he does not supply them 
 himself; and he continues so liable, if he turns her out of his house, or otherwise separates him- 
 self from her without good cause. But he is not so liable, if she deserts him (unless on extreme 
 provocation), or if he turns her away for good cause. If she leaves him, because he treats her 
 so ill, that she has good right to go from him, this is the same thing as turning her away, and 
 she carries with her his credit for all necessaries supplied to her ; but what the misconduct must 
 be, to give this right, is uncertain. In America the law must be, and undoubtedly is, that the 
 wife is not obliged to stay and endure cruelty and indecency. 
 
 If a man lives with a woman as his wife, and represents her to be so, he is responsible, the 
 same as if she were his wife, even if it is known that she is not his wife. 
 
 ACTIONS. 
 
 All distinctions have been abolished, and there is now but one form, which must be prose- 
 cuted in the name of the real party in interest, except in case of executors, administrators and 
 trustees, and which is begun by the service of a summons on the defendant, to be answered 
 within twenty days. 
 
 ARREST. 
 
 Defendant may be arrested : 1. In an action to recover damages not on contract, where 
 the defendant is a non-resident, or is about to remove from the State, or where the action is for 
 injury to the person or character, or for injury to, or wrong taking, detaining or converting 
 property, or in an action to recover damages for property taken under false pretenses. 
 
 2. In an action for a fine or penalty or for money received or property embezzled or 
 fraudulently misapplied by a public officer or attorney, solicitor, or counsel or officer of a corpora- 
 tion as such, or factor agent or broker, or for misconduct or neglect in official or professional 
 employment. 
 
 3. In an action to recover property unjustly detained where it is so concealed that the 
 SheriflF cannot find the same. 
 
2S4 HISTOKY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 4. Where the defendant was guilty of fraud in contracting the debt, or in concealing or 
 disposing of the property for the taking, detaining or disposing of which the action is brought. 
 
 An affidavit must be made on the part of the plaintiff, stating the cause of action and one 
 of the above causes. 
 
 ATTACHMENT 
 
 is allowed on an affidavit that the defendant is indebted to plaintiff, and statnig the amount and 
 that it is due on contract ; and. 
 
 1. That defendant has absconded, or is about to abscond, or is concealed to the injury of 
 his creditors. 
 
 2. That defendant has assigned, disposed or concealed his property or is about to do so 
 with intent to defraud creditors. 
 
 3. That the defendant has removed, or is about to remove, his property from the State 
 with intent to defraud creditors. 
 
 4. That the debt was fraudulently contracted. 
 
 5. That he is a non-resident. 
 
 6. Or a foreign corporation. 
 
 7. That he has fraudulently conveyed or disposed of his property with intent to defraud 
 creditors. 
 
 The amount sued for must exceed $50. 
 
 GARNISHMENT 
 
 is allowed on an affidavit on behalf of the creditor, that he believes that any third person (naming 
 him) has property effects, or credits of defendant, or is indebted to him, also in execution, on a 
 similar affidavit. 
 
 JUDGMENT 
 
 is a lien on real estate in the county where rendered from the date of docketing, and in other 
 counties from the time of filing a transcript, and the lien continues for ten years. It bears 
 interest at 7 per cent, or as high as 10 per cent if stipulated for in the contract. 
 
 STAY LAWS. 
 
 In Justices' Courts, on giving bond with surety within five days after judgment was ren- 
 dered, stay of execution is allowed, as follows : 
 
 On sums not exceeding $10, exclusive of costs, one month ; between $10 and $30, two 
 months ; between $30 and $50, three months : over $50, four months. 
 
 EXEMPTIONS. 
 
 A homestead not exceeding forty acres, used for agriculture and a residence, and not 
 included in a town plat or a city or village ; or, instead, one-quarter of an acre in a recorded 
 town plat, city or village. Also, 1, Family Bible : 2, Family pictures and school-books ; 3, 
 Private library : 4, Seat or pew in church : 5, Right of burial : 6, Wearing-apparel, beds, bed- 
 steads and bedding, kept and used in the family, stoves and appurtenances, put up and used, 
 cookino; utensils and household furniture to the value of $200, one gun, rifle or fire-arm to the 
 value of $50 ; 7, Two cows, ten swine, one yoke of oxen and one horse or mule, or, in lieu 
 thereof, a span of horses or mules, ten sheep and the wool therefrom, necessary food for exempt 
 stock for one year, provided or growing or both, one wagon, cart or dray, one sleigh, one plow, 
 one drag and other farm utensils, including tackle for the teams to the value of $50 ; 8, Provis- 
 ions and fuel for the family for one year; !•, Tools and' implements or stock-in-trade of a 
 
ABSTRACT OF LAWS. 285 
 
 mechanic or miner, used and kept, not exceeding §200 in value, library and implements of a 
 professional man to the value of $200 ; 10, Money arising from insurance of exempt property 
 destroyed by fire; 11, Inventions for debts against the inventor; 12, Sewing-machines; 13, 
 Sword, plate, books or articles presented by Congress or Legislature of a State ; 14, Printing- 
 material and presses to the value of $1,500 ; 15, Earnings of a married person necessary for 
 family support for sixty days previous to issuing process. 
 
 LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS. 
 
 Real actions, twenty yi>nrs : persons under disabilities, five years after removal of the same. 
 Judgments of Courts of Record of the State of Wisconsin and sealed instruments when the 
 cause accrues within the State, twenty years. Judgments of other Courts of Record and sealed 
 instruments accruing without the State, ten years. Other contracts, statute liabilities 
 other than penalties and forfeitures, trespass on real property, trover detinue and replevin, 
 six years. Actions against Sheriifs, Coroners and Constables, for acts done in their official 
 capacity, except for escapes, three years. Statutory penalties and forfeitures, libel, slander, 
 assault, battery and false imprisonment, two years. Actions against Sheriffs, etc., for escapes, 
 one year. Persons under disabilities, except infants, may bring action after the disability ceases, 
 provided the period is not extended more i\\wcvjive years, and infants one year after coming of 
 age. Actions by representatives of deceased persons, one year from death ; against the same, 
 one year from granting letters testamentary or of administration. New promise must be in 
 ■writing. 
 
 COMMERCIAL TERMS. 
 
 $ — Means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed before any 
 denomination of money, and meant, as it means now. United States currency. 
 
 £ — Means pounds, English money. 
 
 @ — Stands for at or to ; ft) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels ; '^ for per, or by the. Thus : 
 Butter sells at 20@30c ^ ft), and Flour at |8(rt'12 ^ bbl. % for per cent., and J for numbers. 
 
 May 1. Wheat sells at $1.20(rt)$1.25, " seller June." Seller June means that the person 
 who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any time during the month of June. 
 
 Selling short is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock at a fixed price, 
 within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the stock on hand. It is for the interest 
 of the person selling short to depress the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy 
 and fill his contract at a profit. Hence the "shorts" are termed "bears." 
 
 Buying loyig is to contrive to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares of stock at a 
 fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make a profit by the rise in prices. 
 The " longs " are termed " bulls," as it is for their interest to " operate " so as to " toss " the 
 prices upward as much as possible. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIPTION. 
 
 The business of publishing books by subscription having so often been brought into disre- 
 pute by agents making representations and declarations not authorized by the publisher, in 
 order to prevent that as much as possible, and that there may be more general knowledge of 
 the relation such agents bear to their principal, and the law governing such cases, the following 
 statement is made: 
 
 A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which the subscriber 
 agrees to pay a certain sum for the work described; the consideration is concurrent that the 
 publisher shall publish the book named, and deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to 
 pay the price yarned. The nature and character of the work is described by the prospectus 
 and sample shown. These should be carefully examined before subscribing, as they are the 
 
286 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and not the too often exaggerated statements of 
 the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions, for which he is usually paid a com- 
 mission for each subscriber, and has no authority to change or alter the conditions upon which 
 the subscriptions are authorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to 
 agree to make the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the publisher, 
 as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to bind the principal, the subscriber should 
 see that such condition or changes are stated over or in connection with his signature, so that 
 the publisher may have notice of the same. 
 
 All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any other business, 
 should remember that the law as written is, that they cannot be altered, varied or rescinded 
 verbally, but, if done at all, must be done in writing. It is therefore important that all persons 
 contemplating subscribing should distinctly understand that all talk before or after the sub- 
 scription is made, is not admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. 
 
 Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as canvassers. They are 
 agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed mode, and have no authority to do 
 it in any other way to the prejudice of their principal, nor can they bind their principal in any 
 other matter. They cannot collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything 
 else but money. They cannot extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor 
 bind their principal for the payment of expenses incurred in their business. 
 
 It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, before signing 
 their names to any subscription book, or any written instrument, would examine carefully what, 
 it is ; if they cannot read themselves call on some one disinterested who can. 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 CONDENSED. 
 
 PREAMBLE. 
 
 We, the People of Wisconsin, grateful to Almighty Grod for our freedom ; in order to necure 
 its blessings, form a more ^perfect government, insure domestic tranquillity, and promote the 
 general welfare, do establish this Constitution. 
 
 Article I. 
 
 DECLARATION OF RIGHTS. 
 
 Section 1. All men are born free and independent, and have, among other rights, those 
 of life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. Governments are instituted to secure these rights. 
 
 Sec. 2. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except for the punish- 
 ment of crimes. 
 
 Sec. 3. Liberty of speech and of the press shall not be abridged. 
 
 Sec. 4. The right of the people to peaceably assemble to consult for the common good 
 shall never be abridged. 
 
 Sec. 5. The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate. 
 
 Sec. 6. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel pun- 
 ishments inflicted. 
 
 Sec. 7. In criminal prosecutions, the rights of die accused shall be protected. 
 
 Sec. 8. Criminal offenses shall be prosecuted on presentment of a grand jury. No one 
 shall be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense, nor be compelled to be a witness against 
 himself Every one shall have the right of giving bail except in capital offenses ; and the writ of 
 habeas corpus shall not be suspended, except in case of rebellion or invasion. 
 
 Sec. 9. Every person is entitled to a certain remedy for all injuries or wrongs. 
 
 Sec. 10. Treason consists in levying war against the State, or giving aid and comfort to 
 its enemies. Two witnesses are necessary to convict a person of the crime. 
 
 Sec. 11. The people are to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures. 
 
 Sec. 12. Bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, or laws impairing obligation of contracts, 
 shall never be passed. 
 
 Sec. 13. No property shall be taken for public use without compensation. 
 
 Sec. 14. All laws in the State are allodial. Feudal tenures are prohibited. 
 
 Sec. 15. The rights of property are the same in resident aliens and citizens. 
 
 Sec. 16. No person shall be imprisoned for debt. 
 
 Sec. 17. Wholesome exemption laws shall be passed. 
 
 Sec. 18. Liberty of conscience and rights of worship shall never be abridged. The 
 public money shall never be applied to sectarian uses. 
 
 Sec. 19. No religious test shall ever be required as a qualification for any office. 
 
 287 
 
288 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Sec. 20. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil power. 
 Sec. 21. Writs of error shall never be prohibited by law. 
 
 Sec. 22. A free government can only be maintained by adhering to justice, moderation, 
 temperance, frugality and virtue. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 BOUNDARIES. 
 
 Section 1. The boundary of the State, beginning at the northeast corner of the State of 
 Illinois, runs with the boundary line of Michigan, through Lake Michigan and Green Bay, to 
 the mouth of the Menominie River ; up that stream and the Brule River to Lake Brule ; along 
 the southern shore of that lake to the Lake of the Desert ; thence in a direct line to the head 
 of Montreal River ; down the main channel of that stream to the middle of Lake Superior ; 
 thence through the center of said lake to the mouth of St. Louis River ; up the channel of that 
 Stream to the first rapids ; thence due south to the main branch of the St. Croix ; down that 
 river and the Mississippi to the northwest corner of Illinois ; thence due east with the northern 
 boundary of that State to the place of beginning. 
 
 Sec. 2. The propositions in the enabling act of Congress are accepted and confirmed. 
 
 Article III. 
 suffrage. 
 
 Section 1. The qualified electors are all male persons twenty-one years of age or upward, 
 who are (1.) white citizens of the United States ; (2.) who are white persons of foreign birth that 
 have declared their intentions, according to law, to become citizens ; (3) who are persons of 
 Indian blood and citizens of the United States ; and (4.) civilized Indians not members of any 
 tribe. 
 
 Sec. 2. Persons under guardianship, such as are non compus mentis or insane, and those 
 convicted of treason and felony and not pardoned, are not qualified electors. 
 
 Sec. 3. All votes shall be by ballot, except for township oflBcers when otherwise directed 
 by law. 
 
 Sec. 4. No person shall be deemed to have lost his residence by reason of his absence on 
 business for the State or United States. 
 
 Sec. 5. No person in the army or navy shall become a resident of the State in conse- 
 quence of being stationed therein. 
 
 Sec. 6. Persons convicted of bribery, larceny or any infamous crime, or those who bet 
 on elections, may be excluded by law from the right of suifrage. 
 
 Article IV. 
 legislative. 
 
 Section 1. The Legislative power is vested in a Senate and Assembly. 
 
 Sec. 2. Members of the Assembly shall never number less than fifty-four, nor more than 
 one hundred ; of the Senate, not more than one-third, nor less than one-fourth of the mem- 
 bers of the Assembly. 
 
 Sec. 3. Census shall be taken, every ten years, of the inhabitants of the State, beginning 
 with 1855, when a new apportionment of members of the Senate and Assembly shall be made ; 
 also, after each United States census. 
 
 Sec. 4. Members of the Assembly shall be chosen on the Tuesday succeeding the first 
 Monday of November of each year. 
 
 Sec. 5. Members of the Senate shall be elected for two years, at the same time and in 
 the same manner as members of the Assembly. 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF AVISCONSIiS'. 281* 
 
 Sec. 6. No person shall be eligible to the Legislature, unless a resident of the State one 
 year, and a qualified elector. 
 
 Sec. 7. Each House shall be the judge of the qualifications of its members. A majority 
 shall be necessary to form a quorum. 
 
 Sec. 8. Each House shall make its own rules. 
 
 Sec. 9. Each House shall choose its own officers. 
 
 Sec. 10. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings. 
 
 Sec. 11. The Legislature shall meet at the seat of government once a year. 
 
 Sec. 12. No member shall be eligible to any other civil office in the State, during the 
 term for which he was elected. 
 
 Sec. 13. No member shall be eligible to any office of the United States, during the term 
 for which he was elected. 
 
 Sec. 14. Writs of election, to fill vacancies in either House, shall be issued by the Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 Sec. 15. E.xcept treason, felony and breach of the peace, members are privileged from 
 arrest in all cases ; nor subject to any civil process during a session. 
 
 Sec. 16. Members are not liable for words spoken in debate. 
 
 Sec. 17. The style of all laws shall be, " The people of the State of Wisconsin rep- 
 resented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : " 
 
 Sec. 18. Private or local bills shall not embrace more than one subject. 
 
 Sec. 19. Bills may originate in either House, and a bill passed by one House may be 
 amended by the other. 
 
 Sec. 20. Yeas and nays, at the request of one-sixth of the members present, shall be 
 entered on the journal. 
 
 Sec. 21. [Each member shall receive, as an annual compensation, three hundred and 
 fifty dollars and ten cents for each mile traveled in going to and returning from the seat of gov- 
 ernment]. As amended in 1867. 
 
 Sec. 22. Boards of Supervisors may be vested with powers of a local, legislative and 
 administrative character, such as shall be conferred by the Legislature. 
 
 Sec. 23. One system only, of town and county government, shall be established by the 
 Legislature. 
 
 Sec. 24. The Legislature shall never authorize any lottery, or grant any divorce. 
 
 Sec. 25. Stationery, for State use and State printing, shall be let by contract to the low- 
 est bidder. 
 
 Sec. 26. Extra compensation to any public officer shall not be granted after service is 
 rendered, nor shall his compensation be increased or diminished during his term of office. 
 
 Sec. 27. The Legislature shall direct, by law, in what manner and in what Courts suits 
 against the State may be brought. 
 
 Sec. 28. Public officers shall all take an oath of office. 
 
 Sec. 29. The Legislature shall determine what persons shall constitute the militia, and 
 may provide for organizing the same. 
 
 Sec. 80. Members of the Legislature shall vote viva voce in all elections made by 
 them. 
 
 Sec. 31. [Special legislation is prohibited (1) for changing the names of persons, or con- 
 stituting one person the heir-at-law of another ; (2) for laying out, opening or altering high- 
 ways, except in certain cases; (3) for authorizing persons to keep ferries; (4) for authorizing 
 the sale of the property of minors ; (5) for locating a county seat ; (6) for assessment of taxes ; 
 (7) for gi'anting corporate powers, except to cities ; (8) for apportioning any part of the school 
 fund ; and (9) for incorporating any town or village, or to award the charter thereof]. Added 
 by amendment, in 1871. 
 
 Sec. 32. [General laws shall be passed for the transaction of any business prohibited by 
 Section 21 of this Article.] Added by amendment, in 1871. 
 
290 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Article V. 
 
 Section 1. The executive power shall be vested in a Governor, who shall hold his office 
 two years. A Lieutenant Governor shall be elected at the same time and for the same term. 
 
 S£C. 2. Governor and Lieutenant Governor must be citizens of the United States, and 
 qualified electors of the State. 
 
 Sec 3. Governor and Lieutenant Governor are elected at the times and places of choosing 
 members of the Legislature. 
 
 Sec. 4. The Governor shall be (1) commander-in-chief of the military and naval forces of 
 the State; (2) he has power to convene the Legislature in extra session ; (3) he shall communi- 
 cate to the Legislature all necessary information; (4) he .shall transact all necessary business 
 with the officers of the State ; and (5) shall expedite all legislative measures, and see that th? 
 laws are faithfully executed. 
 
 Sec. 5. [The Governor's salary shall be five thousand dollars per annum.] As amended 
 in 1869. 
 
 Sec. 6. The Governor shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons. 
 
 Sec. 7. The executive duties shall devolve upon tlie Lieutenant Governor when, from any 
 cause, the executive office is vacated by the Governor. 
 
 Sec. 8. The Lieutenant Governor shall be President of the Senate. The Secretary of 
 State shall act as Governor when both the Governor and Lieutenant Governor are incapacitated 
 from any causes to fill the executive office. 
 
 Sec. 9. [The Lieutenant Governor shall receive a salary of one thousand dollars per 
 annum.] As amended in 1869. 
 
 Sec. 10. All legislative bills shall be presented to the Governor for his signature before 
 they become laws. Bills returned by the Governor without his signature may become laws by 
 agreement of two-thirds of the members present in each house. 
 
 Article VL- 
 administration. 
 
 Section 1. A Secretary of State, Treasurer and Attorney General shall be elected at the 
 times and places of choosing members of the Legislature, who shall severally hold their offices 
 for two years. 
 
 Sec. 2. The Secretary of State shall keep a record of the official acts of the Legislature 
 and Executive Department. He shall be ex officio Auditor. 
 
 Sec. 3. The powers, duties and compensation of the Treasurer and Attorney General 
 shall be prescribed by law. 
 
 Sec. 4. Sherifis. Coroners, Registers of Deeds and District Attorneys shall be elected 
 every two years. 
 
 Article VII. 
 judiciary. 
 
 Section 1. The Senate shall form the Court of Impeachment. Judgment shall not 
 extend further than removal from office ; but the person impeached shall be liable to indictment, 
 trial and punishment, according to law. 
 
 Sec. 2. The judicial power of the State is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, 
 Courts of Probate, and in Justices of the Peace. Municipal courts, also, may be authorized. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction only. Trial by jury is not 
 allowed in any case. The Court shall have a general superintending control over inferior courts, 
 and power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, injunction, quo warranto, certiorari, and 
 other original and remedial writs. 
 
i^/^i^/^<7 
 
 FOND DU LAC. 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF WISCONSIN. 293 
 
 Sec. 4. [The Supreme Court shall consist of one Chief Justice, and four Associate 
 Justices, each for the term often years.] As amended in 1877. 
 
 Sec. 5. The State shall be divided into five Judicial Circuits. 
 
 Sec. 6. The Legislature may alter the limits or increase the number of the circuits. 
 
 Sec. 7. There shall be a Judge chosen for each Circuit, who shall reside therein ; his 
 term of office shall be six years. 
 
 Sec. 8. The Circuit Courts shall have original jurisdiction in all matters civil and crim- 
 inal, not excepted in this Constitution, and not prohibited hereafter by law, and appellate juris- 
 diction from all inferior courts. They shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, man- 
 damus, injunction, quo warranto, certiorari, and all other writs necessary to carry their orders 
 and judgments into eifect. 
 
 Sec. 9. Vacancies in the office of Supreme or Circuit Judge shall be filled by the Gover- 
 nor. Election for Judges shall not be at any general election, nor within thirty days before or 
 after said election. 
 
 Sec. 10. Judges of the Supreme and Circuit Courts shall receive a salary of not less than 
 one thousand five hundred dollars, and shall hold no other office, except a judicial one, during 
 the term for which they are respectively elected. Each Judge shall be a citizen of the United 
 States, and have attained the age of twenty-five years. He shall also be a qualified elector within 
 the jurisdiction for which he may be chosen. 
 
 Sec. 11. The Supreme Court shall hold at least one term annually. A Circuit Court 
 shall be held at least twice in each year, in each county of this State organized for judicial pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Sec. 12. There shall be a Clerk of the Circuit Court chosen in each county, whose term 
 of office shall be two years. The Supreme Court shall appoint its own Clerk. 
 
 Sec. 13. Any Judge of the Supreme or Circuit Court may be removed from office by vote 
 of two-thirds of all the members elected to both Senate and Assembly. 
 
 Sec. 14. A Judge of Probate shall be elected in each county, who shall hold his office for 
 two years. 
 
 Sec. 15. Justices of the Peace shall be elected in the several towns, villages and cities of 
 the State, in such manner as the Legislature may direct, whose term of office shall be two years. 
 Their civil and criminal jurisdiction shall be prescribed by law. 
 
 Sec. 16. Laws shall be passed for the regulation of tribunals of conciliation. These may 
 be established in and for any township. 
 
 Sec. 17. The style of all writs and process shall be " The State of Wisconsin." Criminal 
 prosecutions shall be carried on in the name and by authority of the State ; and all indictments 
 shall conclude against the peace and dignity of the same. 
 
 Sec. 18. A tax shall be imposed by the Legislature on all civil suits, which shall consti- 
 tute a fund, to be applied toward the payment of the salary of Judges. 
 
 Sec. 19. Testimony in equity causes shall be taken the same as in cases at law. The 
 office of Master in Chancery is prohibited. 
 
 Sec. 20. Any suitor may prosecute or defend his case in his own proper person, or by 
 attorney or agent. 
 
 Sec. 21. Statute laws and such judicial decisions as are deemed expedient, shall be pub- 
 lished. No general law shall be in force until published. 
 
 Sec. 22. The Legislature at its first session shall provide for the appointment of three 
 Commissioners to revise the rules of practice in the several Courts of Record in the State. 
 
 Sec. 23. The Legislature may confer judicial powers on one or more persons in each 
 organized county of the State. Powers granted to such Commissioners shall not exceed that of 
 a Judge of a Circuit Court at chambers. 
 
294 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Article VIII. 
 
 FINANCE. 
 
 Section 1. Taxation shall be uniform, and taxes shall be levied upon such property as the 
 Legislature may prescribe. 
 
 Sec. 2. [No money shall be paid out of the treasury except in pursuance of an appro- 
 
 priation by law. Claims made against the State must be filed within six years after having 
 accrued.] As amended in 1877. 
 
 Sec. 3. The credit of the State shall never be given or loaned in aid of any individual, 
 association or corporation. 
 
 Sec. 4. The State shall never contract any public debt, except in the cases and manner 
 provided in this Constitution. 
 
 Sec. 5. A tax shall be levied each year sufiicient to defray estimated expenses. 
 
 Sec. 6. Debts not to exceed one hundred thousand dollars may be contracted by the State, 
 which shall be paid within five years thereafter. 
 
 Sec. 7. The Legislature may borrow money to repel invasion, suppress insurrection or 
 defend the State in time of war. 
 
 Sec. 8. All fiscal laws in the Legislature shall be voted on by yeas and nays. 
 
 Sec. 9. State scrip shall not be issued except for such debts as are authorized by the sixth 
 and seventh sections of this article. 
 
 Sec. 10. No debt for internal improvements shall be contracted by the State. 
 
 Article IX. 
 eminent domain and property of the state. 
 
 Section 1. The State shall have concurrent jurisdiction on all rivers and lakes border- 
 ing on Wisconsin. 
 
 Sec. 2. The title to all property which has accrued to the Territory of Wisconsin shall 
 vest in the State of Wisconsin. 
 
 Sec. 3. The ultimate property in and to all lands of the State is possessed by th,e 
 people. 
 
 Article X. 
 education. 
 
 Section 1. The supervision of public instruction shall be vested in a State Superintend- 
 ent and such other officers as the Legislature shall direct. The annual compensation of the 
 State Superintendent shall not exceed twelve hundred dollars. 
 
 Sec. 2. The school fund to support and maintain common schools, academies and nor- 
 mal schools, and to purchase apparatus and libraries therefor, shall be created out of (1) the 
 proceeds of lands from the LTnited States; (2) out of forfeitures and escheats; (3) out of 
 moneys paid as exemptions from military duty ; (4) out of fines collected for breach of penal 
 laws; (5) out of any grant to the State where the purposes of such grant are not specified; (6) 
 out of the proceeds of the sale of five hundred thousand acres of land granted by Congress Sep- 
 tember 14, 1841 ; and (7) out of the five per centum of the net proceeds of the public lands to 
 which the State shall become entitled on her admission into the Union (if Congress shall con- 
 sent to such appropriation of the two grants last mentioned.) 
 
 Sec. 3. District schools shall be established by law which shall be free to all children be- 
 tween the ages of four and twenty years. No sectarian instruction shall be allowed therein. 
 
 Sec. 4. Each town and city shall raise for common schools therein by taxation a sum equal 
 to one-half the amount received from the school fund of the State. 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF WISCONSIN. 295 
 
 Sec. 5. Provisions shall be made by law for the distribution of the income of the school 
 fund among the several towns and cities for the support of common schools therein ; but no 
 appropriation shall be made when, there is a failure to raise the proper tax, or when a school 
 shall not have been maintained at least three months of the year. 
 
 Sec. 6. Provision shall be made by law for the establishment of a State University. The 
 proceeds of all lands granted for the support of a university by the United States shall consti- 
 tttte "the University fund," the interest of which shall be appropriated to the support of the 
 State University. No sectarian instruction shall be allowed in such university. 
 
 Sec. 7. The Secretary of State, Treasurer and Attorney General shall constitute a Board 
 of Commissioners to sell school and university lands and for the investments of the proceeds 
 thereof. 
 
 Sec. 8. School and university lands shall be appraised and sold according to law. The 
 Commissioners shall execute deeds to purchasers, and shall invest the proceeds of the sales of 
 such lands in such manner as the Legislature shall provide. 
 
 Article XI. 
 
 CORPORATIONS. 
 
 Section 1. Corporations without banking powers may be formed under general laws, but 
 shall not be created by special act, except for municipal purposes, and in cases where, in the 
 judgment of the Legislature, the objects of the corporation cannot be attained under general laws. 
 
 Sec. 2. No municipal corporation shall take private pi'operty for public use, against the 
 consent of the owner, except by jury trial. 
 
 Sec. 3. Cities and incorporated villages shall be organized, and their powers restricted by 
 law so as to prevent abuses. [No county, city, town, village, school district, or other municipal 
 corporation, shall become indebted to exceed five per centum on the value of the taxable property 
 therein.] As amended in 1874. 
 
 Sec. 4. Banks shall not be created except as provided in this article. 
 
 Sec. 5. The question of " bank " or ''no bank " may be submitted to the voters of the 
 State; and if a majority of all the votes cast shall be in favor of banks, the Legislature shall 
 have power to grant bank charters, or pass a general banking law. 
 
 Article XIL 
 
 Section 1. Amendments to the Constitution may be proposed in either house of the Legis- 
 lature, and referred to the next Legislature and published for three months previous. If agreed 
 to by a majority of all the members elected to each house, then the amendment or amendments 
 shall submit them to the vote of the people ; and if the people shall approve and ratify such 
 amendment or amendments, they shall become a part of the Constitution. 
 
 Sec. 2. If a convention to revise or change the Constitution shall be deemed necessary by 
 the Legislature, they shall recommend to the electors of the State to vote at the next general 
 election for or against the same. If the vote shall be for the calling of such convention, then 
 the Legislature, at its next session, shall provide for the same. 
 
 Article XIII. 
 miscellaneous provisions. 
 Section 1. The political year for Wisconsin shall commence on the first Monday in Jan- 
 uary in each year. General elections shall be liolden on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday 
 in November. 
 
 Sec. 2. A duelist shall not be qualified as an elector in this State. 
 
 Sec. 3. United States officers (except Postmasters), public defaulters, or persons convicted 
 of infamous crimes, shall not be eligible to oSice in this State. 
 
296 IIISIORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Sec. 4. A great seal for the State shall be provided, and all official acts of the Governor 
 (except his approbation of the laws), shall be authenticated thereby. 
 
 Sec. 5. Residents on Indian lands may vote, if duly qualified, at the polls nearest their 
 residence. 
 
 Sec. 6. Elective officers of the Legislature, other than the presiding officers, shall be a 
 Chief Clerk, and a Sergeant-at-Arms, to be elected by each House. 
 
 Sec. 7. No county with an area of nine hundred square miles or less, shall be divided, 
 without submitting the question to the vote of the people of the county. 
 
 Sec. 8. [The Legislature is prohibited from enacting any special or private laws, for locating 
 or changing any county seat.] See amendment adopted in 1871, as Sec. 31 (Subdivision 5) of 
 Art. IV. 
 
 Sec. 9. Officers not provided for by this Constitution shall be elected as the Legislature 
 shall direct. 
 
 Sec. 10. The Legislature may declare the cases in which any office shall be deemed 
 vacant, and also the manner of filling the vacancy, where no provision is made for that purpose 
 in this Constitution. 
 
 Article XIV. 
 schedule. 
 
 Section 1. All rights under the Territorial government are continued under the State 
 government. Territorial processes are valid after the State is admitted into the Union. 
 
 Sec. 2. Existing laws of the Territory of Wisconsin not repugnant to this Constitution 
 shall remain in force until they expire by limitation or are altered or repealed. 
 
 Sec. 3. All fines, penalties or forfeitures accruing to the Territory of Wisconsin shall 
 inure to the use of the State. 
 
 Sec. 4. Territorial recognizances, bonds and public property sliall pass to and be vested 
 in the State. Criminal prosecutions, offenses committed against the laws, and all actions at law 
 and suits in equity in the Territory of Wisconsin shall be contained in and prosecuted by the 
 State. 
 
 Sec. 5. Officers holding under authority of the United States or of the Territory of Wis- 
 consin shall continue in office until superseded by State authority. 
 
 Sec. 6. The first session of the State Legislature shall commence on the first Monday in 
 June next, and shall be held at the village of Madison, which shall be and remain the seat of 
 government until otherwise provided by law. 
 
 Sec. 7. Existing county and town officers shall hold their offices until the Legislature of 
 the State shall provide for the holding of elections to fill such offices. 
 
 Sec. 8. A copy of this Constitution shall be transmitted to the President of the United 
 States to be laid before Congress at its present session. 
 
 Sec. 9. This Constitution shall be submitted to the vote of the people for ratification or 
 rejection on the second Monday in March next. If ratified, an election shall be held for 
 Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Treasurer, Attorney General, members of the State Legisla- 
 ture and members of Congress, on the second Monday of May next. 
 
 Sec. 10. lOmitted. See Section 1, Chapter 3, Acts of Extra Session of 1878.] 
 
 Sec. 11. The several elections provided for in this Article shall be conducted according 
 to the existing laws of the Territory of Wisconsin. 
 
 Sec. 12. [Omitted. See Section 1, Chapter 3, Acts of Extra Session of 1878.] 
 
 Sec. 13. The common law in force in the Territory of Wisconsin shall continue in force 
 in the State until altered or suspended by the Legislature. 
 
 Sec. 14. The Senators first elected in the even-numbered Senate districts, the Governor, 
 Lieutenant Governor and other State officers first elected under this Constitution, shall enter 
 upon their duties on the first Monday of .Tune next, and hold their offices for one year from the 
 first Monday of January next. The Senators first elected in the odd-numbered districts and the 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 297 
 
 members of the Assembly first elected shall enter upon their duties on the first Monday of June 
 next, and continue in office until the first Monday in January next. 
 
 Sec. 15. The oath of office may be administered by any Judge or Justice of the Peace, 
 until the Legislature shall otherwise direct. 
 
 We, the undersigned, members of the Convention to form a Constitution for the State of 
 Wisconsin, to be submitted to the people thereof for their ratification or rejection, do hereby 
 certify that the foregoing is the Constitution adopted by the Convention. 
 
 In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands, at Madison, the 1st day of Feb- 
 ruary, A. D. 1848. 
 
 Morgan L. Martin, 
 President of the Convention and Delegate from Brown County. 
 Thomas McHugh, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 CONDENSED. 
 
 PREAMBLE. 
 
 We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, 
 insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, 
 and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish 
 this Constitution for the United States of America. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress, which shall 
 consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. 
 
 Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second 
 year by the people of the States, and electors shall have qualifications for electors of the most 
 numerous branch of the State Legislature. 
 
 Representatives must be twenty-five years of age, and must have been seven years citizens 
 of the United States, and inhabitants of the State in which they shall be chosen. 
 
 Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States according to 
 population, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including 
 apprentices and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The enumeration 
 shall be made within three years after the first meeting of Congress, and every ten years there- 
 after in such manner as Congress shall by law direct. States shall have one Representative only 
 for each thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative ; and until such 
 enumeration shall be made. New Hampshire shall choose three ; Massachusetts, eight ; Rhode 
 Island, one; Connecticut, five; New York, six; New Jersey, four; Pennsylvania, eight; Del- 
 aware, one ; Maryland, six ; Virginia, ten ; North Carolina, five ; South Carolina, five, and 
 Georgia, three. 
 
 Vacancies in the representation from any State shall be filled by elections, ordered by the 
 executive authority of the State. 
 
298 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN'. 
 
 The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have 
 the sole power of impeachment. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Senate shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the 
 Legislature thereof for six years ; and each Senator shall have one vote. 
 
 Senators shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes immediately after assem- 
 bling, in consequence of the first election. The first class shall vacate their seats at the expira- 
 tion of the second year ; the second class, at the expiration of the fourth year, and the third 
 class, at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year ; 
 and vacancies happening by resignation or otherwise during the recess of the Legislature of any 
 State may be filled by temporary appointments of the Executive until the next meeting of the 
 Legislature. 
 
 All Senatoi's shall have attained the age of thirty years, and shall have been nine years 
 citizens of the United States, and shall be inhabitants of the State for which they shall be 
 chosen. 
 
 The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have 
 no vote, unless they be equally divided. 
 
 The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the 
 absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of President, 
 
 The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, 
 they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President is tried, the Chief Justice shall pre- 
 side, and concurrence of two-thirds of the members present shall be necessary to conviction. 
 
 Judgment in cases of impeachment shall be limited to removal from office and disqualifica- 
 tion to hold any office under the United States ; but the party convicted shall be liable to trial 
 and punishment according to law. 
 
 Sec. 4. The Legislature of each State shall prescribe the times, places and manner of 
 holding elections for Senators and Representatives, but Congress may make or alter such regu- 
 lations, except as to the place of choosing Senators. 
 
 Congress shall assemble annually, on the first Monday in December, unless a different day 
 be appointed. 
 
 Sec. 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its 
 own members, and a majority .of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller 
 number may adjourn from day to day, and may compel attendance of absent members, under 
 penalties. 
 
 Each House may determine its own rules of proceeding, punish its members, and, by a two- 
 thirds vote, expel a member. 
 
 Each House shall keep a journal, which shall be published at their discretion, and one-fifth 
 of those present may require the yeas and nays to be entered on the journal. 
 
 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days without the consent of the other, 
 nor to any other place than that in which they are sitting. 
 
 Sec. 6. The compensation of Senators and Representatives shall be fixed by law, and 
 paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall be privileged from arrest during 
 attendance at the session of their respective Houses, except for treason, felony and breach of 
 the peace, and shall not be questioned in any other place for any speech or debate in either 
 House. 
 
 No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appomted 
 to any civil office under the United States which shall have been created or the emoluments 
 whereof shall have been increased during such time ; and no person holding office under the 
 United States shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office. 
 
 Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives, but 
 may be amended by the Senate. 
 
 Every bill passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate shall, before it becomes 
 a law, be presented to the President ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; but if not, he shall return 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 299 
 
 it, with his objections, to that House in which it originated, who shall enter the objections on 
 their journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after reconsideration, two-thirds shall agree to 
 pass the bill, it shall be sent, with the objections, to the other House, and, if approved by two- 
 thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases, the yeas and nays shall be 
 taken, and entered upon the journal of each House, respectively. Any bill not returned by 
 the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, shall 
 be a law, as if he had signed it, unless Congress, by adjournment, shall prevent its return, in 
 which case it shall not be a law. 
 
 Every order, resolution or vote requiring the concurrence of the Senate and House of Rep- 
 resentatives (except a question of adjournment), shall be approved by the President before tak- 
 ing effect ; or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by a two-thirds vote of each House, 
 as in the case of a bill. 
 
 Sec. 8. Congress shall have power : 
 
 To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the 
 common defense and general welfare of the United States ; but all duties, imposts and excises 
 shall be uniform throughout the United States ; 
 
 To borrow money on the public credit ; 
 
 To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States and with the 
 Indian tribes ; 
 
 To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bank- 
 ruptcies ; 
 
 To coin money, regulate the value thereof and foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights 
 and measures ; . 
 
 To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United 
 States ; 
 
 To establish post offices and post roads ; 
 
 To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors 
 and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries ; 
 
 To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; 
 
 To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and ofienses against 
 the laws of nations ; 
 
 To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on 
 land and water ; 
 
 To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer 
 term than two years ; 
 
 To provide and maintain a navy ; 
 
 To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces ; 
 
 To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insur- 
 rection and repel invasions ; 
 
 To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such parts 
 of them as may be employed in the service of the United States — the several States to appoint 
 the officers and to train the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress ; 
 
 To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases, over the seat of Government, and over all 
 forts, magazines, arsenals, dock -yards and other needful buildings ; and 
 
 To make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution all powers vested by this 
 Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. 
 
 Sec. 9. Foreign immigration or the importation of slaves into the States shall not be pro- 
 hibited by Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty 
 may be imposed not exceeding ten dollars for each person so imported. 
 
 The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless required by the public safety in 
 cases of rebellion or invasion. 
 
 No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 
 
300 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enu- 
 meration hereinbefore directed to be made. 
 
 No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. 
 
 In regulating commerce or revenue, no preference shall be given to the ports of one State 
 over those of another ; nor shall vessels bound to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear or 
 pay duties in another. 
 
 No money shall be drawn from the Treasury unless appropriated by law ; and accounts of 
 the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 
 
 No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States ; and no person holding any 
 office under them shall accept any present, emolument, office or title from any foreign State, 
 without the consent of Congress. 
 
 Sec. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance or confederation ; grant letters of 
 marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin 
 a tender in payment of debts ; pass bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, or law impairing the 
 obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 
 
 No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or 
 exports, except for the execution of its inspection laws; and all such duties shall be for the use 
 of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of Congress. 
 
 No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or 
 ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State or with a 
 foreign power, or engage in war unless actually invaded or in imminent and immediate danger. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 Section 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President. He shall hold office for 
 four years, and, together" with the Vice President chosen for the same term, shall be elected as 
 follows : 
 
 Each State shall appoint in the manner directed by the Legislature, a number of electors 
 equal to the whole number of its Senators and Representatives in Congress; but no Senator or 
 Representative or person holding any office under the United States shall be appointed an 
 elector. 
 
 [ The third clause of this section has been superseded and amended by the 12th Amendment.'] 
 
 Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall 
 give their votes, which day shall be the same throughout the United States. 
 
 A natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this 
 Constitution, only shall be eligible to the office of President; and he must have attained the age 
 of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. 
 
 If the President be removed from office, die, resign, or become unable to discharge the duties 
 of his office, the same shall devolve upon the Vice President, and Congress may provide by law 
 for the case of removal, death, resignation or inability of both the President and Vice President, 
 declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the 
 disability be removed or a President elected.* 
 
 The President shall receive a compensation for his services, which shall be neither increased 
 nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been electedf and within that period 
 he shall not receive any other emolument from the United States or from any of them. 
 
 Before entering upon office he shall take the following oath or affirmation : " I do solemnly 
 swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and 
 will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United 
 States." 
 
 * By act of March 1, 1792, Congress provided for this contingency, designating the President of the Senate pro lemporf. or if there be none 
 the Speaker of the House of Representatives, to succeed to the chief Executive office in the event of a vacancy in the offices of both President 
 and Vice President. 
 
 t The President's salary was fixed February 18, 1793, at $i5,unu. and was increased March 3, 1873, to $50,000. 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 301 
 
 Sec. 2. The President shall be the Commander-in-Chief of the army and navy of the 
 United States, and of the militia of the several States, when in actual service of the United 
 States; he may require the written opinion of the principal officers of the several executive 
 departments upon subjects relating to the duties of their respective offices, and shall have power to 
 grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 
 
 He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, 
 provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur, and shall nominate to the Senate ambassa- 
 dors, other public ministers and consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of 
 the United States whose appointment is not otherwise provided for ; but Congress may vest the 
 appointment of inferior officers in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of 
 departments. 
 
 The President may fill all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by 
 granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. 
 
 He shall, from time to time, give Congress information of the state of the Union, and 
 recommend measures to their consideration ; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both 
 Houses or either of them, and, in case of disagreement between them as to the time of adjourn- 
 ment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors 
 and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall com- 
 mission all the officers of the United States. 
 
 Sec. 4. The President, Vice President and all civil officers of the United States, shall be 
 removed from office on impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes 
 and misdemeanors. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 Section 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme 
 Court, and in such inferior courts as Congress may establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme 
 and inferior Courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall receive a compensa- 
 tion which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. 
 
 Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this 
 Constitution, the laws of the United States, treaties, cases affecting ambassadors, other public 
 ministers and consuls, all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which 
 the United States shall be a party ; controversies between two or more States ; between a State 
 and citizens of another State ; between citizens of different States ; between citizens of the same 
 State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State or the citizens thereof 
 and foreign States, citizens or subjects. 
 
 In all cases affecting Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State is a party, the 
 Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all other cases mentioned, the Supreme 
 Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, subject to exceptions and regu 
 lations made by Congress. 
 
 All crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be tried by jury, and in the State where 
 the crime was committed ; but Congress shall fix the place of trial for crimes not committed 
 within any State. 
 
 Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, 
 or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of 
 treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
 court. 
 
 Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason 
 shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 Section 1. Each State shall give full faith and credit to the public acts, records and judi- 
 cial proceedings of every other State, and Congress may prescribe the manner in which such 
 acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 
 
302 HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Sec. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of 
 citizens in the several States. 
 
 Fugitives from justice in any State found in another State, shall, on demand of the Execu- 
 tive, be delivered up and removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 
 
 No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thereof, escaping into another, 
 shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, 
 but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 
 
 Sec. 3. New States may be admitted to the Union, but no new State shall be formed 
 within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor by the junction of two or more States, or parts 
 of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of Congress. 
 
 Congress shall have power to dispose of and to regulate and govern the territory or other 
 property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be construed to 
 prejudice any claims of the United States, or any particular State. 
 
 Every State shall be guaranteed a republican form of government, and shall be protected 
 against invasion ; and on an application of the Legislature, or of the executive (when the Legis- 
 lature cannot be convened), against domestic violence. 
 
 Article V. 
 
 Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend- 
 ments to this Constitution, or, on application of two-thirds of the Legislatures of the several 
 States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all 
 intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths 
 of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of 
 ratification may be proposed by the Congress ; provided that no amendment which may be made 
 prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and 
 fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article ; and that no State, without its consent, 
 shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 All existing debts and engagements shall be valid against the United States under this 
 Constitution. 
 
 This Constitution and the laws of the United States made in pursuance thereof, and all 
 treaties made under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land, 
 and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby ; anything in the Constitution or laws of 
 any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 Senators and Representatives, members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive 
 and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath 
 or affirmation, to support this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a 
 qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 The ratification of the Convention of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of 
 this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. 
 
 Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day 
 of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the 
 uidependence of the United States of America the twelfth. 
 
 In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names. 
 
 GEORGE WASHINGTON, 
 President and Deputy from Virginia. 
 [Other signatures omitted.] 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 303 
 
 Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America. 
 
 Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to 
 the Fifth Article of the original Constitution. 
 
 Article I. 
 
 Congress shall make no law respecting religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; 
 or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press ; or of the right of the people peaceably to 
 assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the 
 people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the 
 owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 The right of the people to be secure in their persons and property against unreasonable 
 searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, 
 supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the 
 persons or things to be seized. 
 
 Article V. 
 
 No person shall be held to answer for any infamous crime unless on an indictment of a 
 grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual 
 service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be twice put in jeopardy of life 
 or limb for the same offense ; nor shall he be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness 
 against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law ; nor 
 shall private property be taken for Dublic use without just compensation. 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to speedy and public trial, 
 by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, and 
 to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted witli the witnesses 
 against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the 
 assistance of counsel for his defense. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 In suits at common law, when the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the 
 right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise 
 re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. 
 
 Article VIII. 
 
 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual pun- 
 ishments inflicted. 
 
30i HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. 
 
 Article IX. 
 
 The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or dis- 
 parage others retained by the people. 
 
 Article X. 
 
 The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to 
 the States, are reserved to the States respectively or to the people. 
 
 Article XI. 
 
 The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law 
 or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another 
 State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. 
 
 Article XII. 
 
 The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice 
 President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; 
 distinct ballots shall be made for President and Vice President, and distinct lists made of such 
 ballots and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify and transmit 
 sealed to the seat of government, addressed to the President of the Senate ; the President of the 
 Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, 
 and the votes shall then be counted ; the person having the greatest number of votes for Presi- 
 dent shall be President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; 
 if no person have such majority, then from those having the highest numbers, not exceeding 
 three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose imme- 
 diately by ballot the President. But, in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by 
 States, each State having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or mem- 
 bers from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. 
 If, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, the House of Representatives shall not 
 choose a President before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice President shall 
 act as President, as in the case of death or disability of the President. The person having the 
 greatest number of votes as Vice President shall be the Vice President, if such number be a 
 majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from 
 the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate sliall choose the Vice President; a quorum for 
 the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the 
 whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person ineligible to the ofEce of President 
 shall be eligible to that of Vice President of the United States. 
 
 Article XIII. 
 
 Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime 
 whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any 
 place subject to their jurisdiction. 
 
 Sec. 3. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 
 
 Article XIV. 
 
 Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, or subject to the juris- 
 diction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the State wherein they reside. No 
 State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens 
 of the United States ; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property without 
 
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 305 
 
 due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the 
 law. 
 
 Sec. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the States according to population, 
 counting the whole number of persons in each State, including Indians not taxed. But when 
 the right to vote is denied to any of the male inhabitants of a State, being twenty-one years of 
 age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in 
 rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion 
 which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty- 
 one years of age in such State. 
 
 Sec. 3. No person shall hold any oflSce under the United States or under any State, who 
 having previously, as an officer of the United States of any State, taken an oath to support the 
 Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or i-ebellion against the 
 same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two- 
 thirds of each House, remove such disability. 
 
 Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, including pensions and 
 bounties, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume 
 or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the Uniied 
 States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave : but all such debts, obligations 
 and claims shall be held illegal and void. 
 
 Sec. 5. Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions 
 of this article. 
 
 Article XV. 
 
 Section 1. The right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United 
 States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 
 
 Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 
 
306 
 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF COUNTIES AND CITIES 
 
 WITH GUBERNATORIAL AND PRESIDENTIAL VOTES. 
 
 JVoie.— -The Republican or Democratic majority in each county is given as between Smith and Mallory. Green- 
 back majority is only given when the vote for AUis exceeds the others, and is taken from the highest vote. 
 
 COUNTIES. 
 
 Adams 
 
 Ashland 
 
 Barron , 
 
 Bayfield 
 
 Brown 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Burnett 
 
 Calumet 
 
 Chippewa 
 
 Clark 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Dane 
 
 Dodge 
 
 Door 
 
 Douglas 
 
 Dunn 
 
 Eau Claire 
 
 Fond du Lac 
 
 Grant 
 
 Green 
 
 Green Lake.... 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Jefiferson 
 
 Juneau 
 
 Kenosha 
 
 Kewaunee 
 
 La Crosse 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Manitowoc 
 
 Marathon 
 
 Marquette 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Oconto 
 
 Outagamie 
 
 Ozaukee 
 
 Pepin 
 
 Pierce 
 
 Polk 
 
 Portage 
 
 Racine 
 
 GOVERNOR. 
 
 1877. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Mallory 
 
 580 
 86 
 459 
 40 
 1387 
 1075 
 .336 
 450 
 685 
 449 
 2048 
 806 
 .3618 
 2333 
 477 
 21 
 1174 
 1208 
 3086 
 2620 
 1823 
 879 
 1461 
 802 
 1917 
 1045 
 938 
 247 
 1968 
 1409 
 27 
 1365 
 301 
 447 
 5843 
 1102 
 1059 
 777 
 437 
 521 
 1523 
 916 
 1080 
 2304 
 
 233 
 
 163 
 
 203 
 
 34 
 
 1740 
 
 810 
 
 24 
 
 1130 
 
 69 
 
 153 
 
 1597 
 
 1008 
 
 3903 
 
 4267 
 
 126 
 
 28 
 
 407 
 
 805 
 
 3414 
 
 1938 
 
 849 
 
 896 
 
 1175 
 
 391 
 
 2418; 
 
 8831 
 
 907 
 
 558 
 
 1115 
 
 1300 
 
 151 
 
 1951! 
 
 755j 
 
 7301 
 
 6388i 
 
 10961 
 
 764: 
 
 20(15 
 
 1579 
 
 171 
 
 545i 
 
 363| 
 
 917 
 
 1906 1 
 
 116 
 
 53 
 
 2 
 
 1015 
 
 76 
 
 389 
 589 
 816 
 118 
 146 
 614 
 381 
 283 
 
 412 
 
 597 
 
 1249 
 
 103 
 
 580 
 
 215 
 
 1021 
 
 521 
 
 296 
 
 463 
 
 51 
 
 20 
 524 
 269 
 169 
 
 98 
 746 
 
 76 
 
 1228 
 
 1019 
 
 157 
 
 992 
 
 17 
 123 
 408 
 
 60 
 728 
 112 
 
 R. 
 
 D. 
 
 R. 
 
 R. 
 
 D. 
 
 R. 
 
 K. 
 
 D. 
 
 D. 
 
 G. 
 
 R 
 
 D. 
 
 D. 
 
 D. 
 
 R. 
 
 D. 
 
 R. 
 
 R. 
 
 D. 
 
 R. 
 
 R. 
 
 D. 
 
 R. 
 
 R. 
 
 D. 
 
 R. 
 
 R. 
 D. 
 R. 
 R. 
 G. 
 D. 
 D. 
 D. 
 D. 
 R. 
 R. 
 D. 
 D. 
 R. 
 R. 
 R. 
 R. 
 R. 
 
 Maj. 
 
 347 
 77 
 256 
 6 
 353 
 265 
 31:. 
 680 
 18 
 367 
 451 
 202 
 290 
 1934 
 351 
 7 
 767 
 403 
 328 
 682 
 974 
 17 
 286 
 411 
 201 
 162 
 31 
 311 
 853 
 109 
 142 
 686 
 454 
 283 
 545 
 6 
 295 
 1228 
 1142 
 350 
 978 
 653 
 163 
 398 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 
 1876. 
 
 Hayes. 
 
 981 
 109 
 644 
 86 
 2755 
 1186 
 285 
 1012 
 1596 
 1255 
 3532 
 1356 
 5435 
 3236 
 1096 
 42 
 2033 
 2266 
 4845 
 4723 
 2601 
 1739 
 2651 
 1507 
 2874 
 1714 
 1610 
 661 
 2644 
 2424 
 71 
 2700 
 668 
 697 
 9981 
 2658 
 1813 
 1859 
 583 
 836 
 2185 
 1019 
 1855 
 3560 
 
 Tildea. 
 
 Maj. 
 
 442 
 189 
 257 
 74 
 3647 
 1162 
 28 
 2145 
 1774 
 660 
 2493 
 1604 
 6726 
 6361 
 596 
 67 
 894 
 1785 
 5660 
 3198 
 17.35 
 1514 
 2848! 
 718, 
 4134 
 1458 
 1432 
 1654 
 2481 
 2299 
 174 
 3908 
 1796 
 1112 
 12026 
 2030 
 1174 
 3608 
 5480 
 394 
 985 
 362 
 1794 
 2880 
 
 R. 
 
 639 
 
 D 
 
 80 
 
 R. 
 
 387 
 
 R. 
 
 12 
 
 D. 
 
 892 
 
 R. 
 
 24 
 
 R. 
 
 257 
 
 D. 
 
 11.33 
 
 D. 
 
 178 
 
 R. 
 
 595 
 
 R. 
 
 1039 
 
 D. 
 
 249 
 
 D. 
 
 291 
 
 D. 
 
 3125 
 
 R. 
 
 499 
 
 D 
 
 25 
 
 R. 
 
 1139 
 
 R. 
 
 481 
 
 D. 
 
 816 
 
 R. 
 
 1525 
 
 R. 
 
 866 
 
 R. 
 
 225 
 
 R. 
 
 303 
 
 R. 
 
 789 
 
 D. 
 
 1260 
 
 R. 
 
 256 
 
 R. 
 
 178 
 
 D. 
 
 1093 
 
 R. 
 
 163 
 
 R. 
 
 125 
 
 D. 
 
 103 
 
 D. 
 
 1208 
 
 D. 
 
 1128 
 
 D. 
 
 415 
 
 D. 
 
 2045 
 
 R. 
 
 528 
 
 R. 
 
 639 
 
 D. 
 
 1749 
 
 D 
 
 1897 
 
 R. 
 
 447 
 
 R. 
 
 1162 
 
 R. 
 
 650 
 
 R. 
 
 61 
 
 R. 
 
 680 
 
307 
 
 GtTBEENATOKIAL AND PRESIDENTIAL VOTES— 1877-1876— CoM<MWtcd. 
 
 COCNTIES— ajnlmued. 
 
 Richland 
 
 Rock 
 
 St. Croix 
 
 Sauk 
 
 Shawano 
 
 Sheboygan.... 
 
 Taylor 
 
 Trempealeau. 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Walworth 
 
 Washington... 
 
 Waukesha 
 
 Waupaca 
 
 Waushara 
 
 Winnebago... 
 Wood 
 
 Appleton 
 
 Beaver Dam.. 
 Beloit 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Centralia 
 
 Chilton 
 
 Chippewa Falls... 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Eau Claire 
 
 Fond du Lac 
 
 Fort Howard 
 
 Grand Rapids 
 
 Green Bay 
 
 Hudson 
 
 Janesville 
 
 Kenosha 
 
 La Crosse 
 
 Madison 
 
 Manitowoc 
 
 Menasha 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Mineral Point 
 
 Neenah 
 
 New London 
 
 Oconomowoc 
 
 Oconto 
 
 Oshkosh 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Portage 
 
 Prairie du CliieH.. 
 
 Prescott 
 
 Racine 
 
 Ripon 
 
 Shawano 
 
 Sheboygan 
 
 Stevens Point 
 
 Watertown 
 
 Waupaca 
 
 Wausau 
 
 
 GOVEKNOB. 
 
 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 
 
 
 1877. 
 
 
 
 
 1876. 
 
 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Mallory. 
 
 AUis. 
 
 Maj. 
 
 Hayes. 
 
 Tilden. 
 
 M^j. 
 
 1201 
 
 729 
 
 705 
 
 R. 
 
 472 
 
 2038 
 
 1591 
 
 R. 
 
 447 
 
 3375 
 
 1620 
 
 781 
 
 R. 
 
 1755 
 
 5755 
 
 2814 
 
 R. 
 
 2893 
 
 1558 
 
 1489 
 
 93 
 
 R. 
 
 70 
 
 1775 
 
 1736 
 
 R. 
 
 39 
 
 1826 
 
 922 
 
 574 
 
 R. 
 
 904 
 
 3395 
 
 2201 
 
 R. 
 
 1194 
 
 269 
 
 605 
 
 92 
 
 D. 
 
 336 
 
 582 
 
 873 
 
 D. 
 
 291 
 
 1598 
 
 1737 
 
 750 
 
 D. 
 
 139 
 
 3224 
 
 3633 
 
 D. 
 
 409 
 
 195 
 
 254 
 
 53 
 
 D. 
 
 59 
 
 240 
 
 246 
 
 D. 
 
 6 
 
 2483 
 
 731 
 
 176 
 
 R. 
 
 1452 
 
 2360 
 
 790 
 
 B. 
 
 1570 
 
 1678 
 
 416 
 
 846 
 
 R. 
 
 1262 
 
 2764 
 
 1117 
 
 R. 
 
 1647 
 
 2904 
 
 1374 
 
 160 
 
 R. 
 
 1530 
 
 4212 
 
 1970 
 
 R. 
 
 2242 
 
 994 
 
 2187 
 
 187 
 
 D. 
 
 1993 
 
 1321 
 
 3047 
 
 D. 
 
 1726 
 
 2484 
 
 2388 
 
 276 
 
 B. 
 
 96 
 
 3129 
 
 3335 
 
 D. 
 
 206 
 
 1473 
 
 990 
 
 772 
 
 R. 
 
 483 
 
 2642 
 
 1592 
 
 R. 
 
 1050 
 
 1282 
 
 257 
 
 377 
 
 R. 
 
 1025 
 
 2080 
 
 648 
 
 R. 
 
 1532 
 
 2068 
 
 2238 
 
 1887 
 
 D. 
 
 170 
 
 6092 
 
 4426 
 
 R. 
 
 666 
 
 247 
 
 196 
 
 601 
 
 G 
 
 354 
 
 658 
 
 745 
 
 D. 
 
 87 
 
 231 
 
 522 
 
 201 
 
 D. 
 
 291 
 
 549 
 
 911 
 
 D. 
 
 362 
 
 320 
 
 361 
 
 6 
 
 D. 
 
 41 
 
 357 
 
 466 
 
 D. 
 
 108 
 
 377 
 
 109 
 
 240 
 
 R. 
 
 268 
 
 745 
 
 627 
 
 B. 
 
 118 
 
 219 
 
 197 
 
 36 
 
 R. 
 
 22 
 
 456 
 
 312 
 
 R. 
 
 144 
 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 
 R. 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 31 
 
 D. 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 97 
 
 G. 
 
 81 
 
 64 
 
 93 
 
 D. 
 
 29 
 
 31 
 
 128 
 294 
 
 33 
 143 
 
 D. 
 D. 
 
 97 
 65 
 
 
 
 
 
 229 
 
 475 
 
 572 
 
 D. 
 
 97 
 
 210 
 
 123 
 
 3 
 
 R. 
 
 87 
 
 254 
 
 212 
 
 R. 
 
 42 
 
 620 
 
 459 
 
 250 
 
 B. 
 
 161 
 
 1205 
 
 1013 
 
 R. 
 
 189 
 
 862 
 
 884 
 
 520 
 
 D. 
 
 22 
 
 1382 
 
 1.542 
 
 D. 
 
 160 
 
 160 
 
 86 
 
 195 
 
 G. 
 
 45 
 
 669 
 
 288 
 
 R. 
 
 81 
 
 60 
 
 42 
 
 110 
 
 G. 
 
 60 
 
 121 
 
 191 
 
 D. 
 
 70 
 
 432 
 
 333 
 
 181 
 
 R. 
 
 99 
 
 696 
 
 647 
 
 R. 
 
 49 
 
 226 
 
 207 
 
 3 
 
 R. 
 
 19 
 
 250 
 
 224 
 
 B. 
 
 26 
 
 771 
 
 606 
 
 31 
 
 R. 
 
 166 
 
 1036 
 
 848 
 
 B. 
 
 188 
 
 281 
 
 314 
 
 42 
 
 D. 
 
 33 
 
 514 
 
 544 
 
 D. 
 
 30 
 
 712 
 
 671 
 
 351 
 
 K. 
 
 41 
 
 1086 
 
 1549 
 
 D. 
 
 464 
 
 740 
 
 1057 
 
 13 
 
 D. 
 
 317 
 
 834 
 
 12.52 
 
 D. 
 
 418 
 
 349 
 
 284 
 
 17 
 
 R. 
 
 61 
 
 660 
 
 512 
 
 R. 
 
 148 
 
 14b 
 
 311 
 
 67 
 
 D. 
 
 165 
 
 291 
 
 344 
 
 D. 
 
 53 
 
 4816 
 
 5027 
 
 1050 
 
 D. 
 
 211 
 
 8218 
 
 9625 
 
 D. 
 
 1407 
 
 260 
 
 249 
 
 21 
 
 R. 
 
 11 
 
 348 
 
 324 
 
 R. 
 
 24 
 
 116 
 
 146 
 
 376 
 
 G. 
 
 230 
 
 511 
 
 385 
 
 R. 
 
 126 
 
 84 
 
 125 
 
 118 
 
 D. 
 
 41 
 
 206 
 
 208 
 
 D. 
 
 2 
 
 172 
 
 167 
 
 24 
 
 R. 
 
 5 
 
 222 
 
 238 
 
 D. 
 
 16 
 
 270 
 
 311 
 
 6 
 
 D. 
 
 41 
 
 399 
 
 506 
 
 D. 
 
 107 
 
 724 
 
 964 
 
 375 
 
 D. 
 
 230 
 
 1496 
 
 1910 
 
 D. 
 
 414 
 
 69 
 
 127 
 406 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 D. 
 D. 
 
 58 
 160 
 
 
 
 
 
 245 
 
 366 
 
 532 
 
 D. 
 
 166 
 
 155 
 
 267 
 
 3 
 
 D. 
 
 112 
 
 215 
 
 377 
 
 D. 
 
 162 
 
 87 
 
 61 
 
 10 
 
 R. 
 
 26 
 
 143 
 
 108 
 
 R. 
 
 35 
 
 1052 
 
 921 
 
 82 
 
 R. 
 
 131 
 
 1672 
 
 1324 
 
 R. 
 
 348 
 
 270 
 
 239 
 
 33 
 
 R. 
 
 31 
 
 397 
 
 333 
 
 R. 
 
 64 
 
 55 
 
 73 
 
 13 
 
 D 
 
 18 
 
 87 
 
 83 
 
 R. 
 
 4 
 
 248 
 
 440 
 
 68 
 
 D. 
 
 192 
 
 575 
 
 873 
 
 D. 
 
 298 
 
 262 
 
 270 
 
 145 
 
 D. 
 
 18 
 
 423 
 
 663 
 
 D. 
 
 140 
 
 232 
 
 687 
 
 164 
 
 D. 
 
 445 
 
 372 
 
 1295 
 
 D 
 
 923 
 
 210 
 
 49 
 
 20 
 
 R. 
 
 161 
 
 280 
 
 52 
 
 R. 
 
 228 
 
 76 
 
 170 
 
 300 
 
 G. 
 
 130 
 
 210 
 
 595 
 
 D. 
 
 385 
 
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Area in 
 States and square 
 Territories. Miles 
 
 Stales. 
 
 Alabam.i 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 California 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Florida 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Maine 
 
 Marj'land 
 
 Massachusetts... 
 
 Michigan* 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 Nevada... 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 New York 
 
 North Carolina. . 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Oregon 
 
 50, 
 52, 
 
 188, 
 4 
 2. 
 
 59. 
 
 58. 
 
 55. 
 
 33. 
 
 55. 
 
 81. 
 
 37. 
 
 41, 
 
 31, 
 
 11. 
 7. 
 
 56. 
 
 83. 
 
 47, 
 
 65. 
 
 75, 
 
 112, 
 
 9, 
 
 8, 
 
 47. 
 
 50. 
 
 39. 
 
 95. 
 
 POPt^ATION 
 
 1870. 
 
 996. 
 
 484. 
 
 560. 
 
 537. 
 
 13.5, 
 
 187. 
 1.184. 
 2.539. 
 1.680, 
 1,191, 
 
 364. 
 1.321. 
 
 726. 
 
 626, 
 
 780, 
 1,457. 
 1,184. 
 
 439. 
 
 827. 
 1.721. 
 
 123. 
 42. 
 
 318, 
 
 906, 
 
 4.388. 
 
 1.071. 
 
 3.665. 
 
 90. 
 
 Milesi 
 R. R. 
 
 1875. 1873.1 
 
 1.3.50,544 
 538,349 
 
 857,039 
 
 • Last Census of Michigan 
 
 992 
 
 471 
 247 
 454 
 015 
 748 
 109 
 891 
 637 
 79:' 
 399 
 Oil 
 915 
 915 
 894 
 351 
 059 
 706 
 qoo 
 
 295 
 993 
 491 
 300 
 096 
 759 
 361 
 260 
 923 
 taken in 3874, 
 
 1,651,913 
 
 1,334.031 
 
 598,489 
 
 246.380 
 52.540 
 
 1.026.502 
 4,705.308 
 
 1.671i 
 
 1,013: 
 
 880 
 
 2271 
 
 466' 
 
 3,108 
 
 5,904 
 
 3,539, 
 
 3,160 
 
 1,760 
 
 1,123 
 
 539 
 
 871 
 
 830 
 
 1.6061 
 
 3.235 
 
 1,613 
 
 990' 
 
 2.580 
 
 828 
 
 593 
 
 790 
 
 1,865 
 
 4,470: 
 
 1.190 
 
 3,740 
 
 lo9 
 
 States and 
 Territories. 
 
 States. 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Rhode Island. .. 
 .South Carolina.. 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Virginia 
 
 West Virginia.... 
 Wisconsin 
 
 3'otai States. 
 
 Territories. 
 
 Arizona 
 
 Colorado 
 
 Dakota 
 
 Dist. of Columbia. 
 
 Idaho. 
 
 Montana — 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 Utah 
 
 Washington 
 
 AVyoming 
 
 I Total Territories. 
 
 Area in 
 square 
 Miles. 
 
 46,000 
 1,306 
 29.385 
 45,600 
 237,504 
 10,812 
 40,904 
 23,000: 
 63,924 
 
 Population. 
 
 1870. 
 
 3,521,791 
 217,353 
 705.606 
 
 1,258.520 
 818.579 
 330.551 
 
 1,225,163 
 442,014 
 
 1.054.670 
 
 1,950,171 38.113.253 
 
 113.916 
 
 104.500 
 
 147,490 
 
 60 
 
 90.932 
 
 143.776 
 
 121.301 
 
 80.056 
 
 69.944 
 
 93.107 
 
 258.239 
 925.145 
 
 965,032 
 
 9.658 
 39,864 
 14.181 
 131.700 
 14.999; 
 20.595 
 91.874 
 86.786 
 23.955 
 
 9.118 
 
 443,730 
 
 Miles' 
 R. R. 
 
 1872. 
 
 5,113 
 136 
 
 1.201 
 
 1.520 
 865 
 675 
 
 1,490 
 465 
 
 1.725 
 
 59,587 
 
 498 
 
 1.265 
 
 Aggregate of n. S.. 2.915,203 38,555.983 I 60,85:'! 
 
 • Included in the Railroa<l ISIileage of Marylard. 
 
 PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; 
 
 ]^OPULATION AND AREA. 
 
 COUNTUIICS. 
 
 Population. 
 
 Date of 
 Census. 
 
 Area in 
 Sciuare 
 Miles. 
 
 Inhabitants 
 
 lo Square 
 
 Mile. 
 
 Capitals. 
 
 Population. 
 
 China 
 
 446,500.000 
 
 236.817.108 
 
 81,925,400 
 
 38,925,600 
 
 36.469 800 
 
 35.904,400 
 
 34,785.300 
 
 31.817.100 
 
 29.906.098 
 
 37,439,921 
 
 16.642.0d0 
 
 10.000.000 
 
 16.463.000 
 
 9.173.000 
 
 5.981.500 
 
 5.000.000 
 
 5.021.300 
 
 4.861.400 
 
 3.995.200 
 
 3.688..300 
 
 3.000.000 
 
 2.000.000 
 
 2.669.100 
 
 2.500.000 
 
 2.000.000 
 
 1.813.000 
 
 1.818.500 
 
 1.784.700 
 
 1.500,000 
 
 1.461.400 
 
 1.457.900 
 
 1.180.000 
 
 1.300.000 
 
 1.000.000 
 
 833.138 
 
 718.000 
 
 600,000 
 
 573,000 
 
 350,000 
 
 300,000 
 
 350.000 
 
 136.000 
 
 165,000 
 
 62.950 
 
 1871 
 1871 
 1871 
 1870 
 1866 
 1869 
 1871 
 1871 
 1871 
 1871 
 1867 
 
 'iseg 
 
 1870 
 1870 
 1869 
 1871 
 1868 
 1870 
 1870 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 
 , 1869 
 1871 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 1870 
 1871 
 
 'isYi 
 
 1871 
 1871 
 
 1871 
 1871 
 1871 
 
 'isVo 
 
 3.741.846 
 
 4.677,432 
 
 8,003,778 
 
 2,603,884 
 
 204,091 
 
 340.348 
 
 149.399 
 
 181.315 
 
 160,207 
 
 118,847 
 
 195 775 
 
 3,253.039 
 
 673.621 
 
 761.536 
 
 293.871 
 
 635.964 
 
 11,373 
 
 29,292 
 
 34,494 
 
 12,680 
 
 357,157 
 
 132.616 
 
 15.992 
 
 471.838 
 
 497.321 
 
 871.848 
 
 7,533 
 
 14,733 
 
 368,238 
 
 5,918 
 
 19,353 
 
 40,879 
 
 218.928 
 
 63.787 
 
 2.969 
 
 9.576 
 
 7.335 
 
 10.205 
 
 58.171 
 
 66,722 
 
 17.092 
 
 17,887 
 
 21.505 
 
 7.633 
 
 119.3 
 48.6 
 10.2 
 
 7.78 
 178.7 
 149.4 
 2.33.8 
 262.3 
 187. 
 230.9 
 
 85. 
 3.07 
 
 24.4 
 
 ■ 20.' 
 
 7.8 
 441.5 
 165.9 
 115.8 
 
 15.1 
 166.9 
 
 5.3 
 
 4. 
 
 2.1 
 241.4 
 120.9 
 
 24?: 
 
 75.3 
 
 28.9 
 6.9 
 
 15.6 
 277. 
 
 74.9 
 
 81.8 
 
 66. 
 6. 
 6.5 
 7.4 
 7.6 
 7.7 
 
 80. 
 
 Pekin 
 
 Loudon 
 
 .St. Petersburg 
 
 Washington 
 
 1.648.800 
 
 
 3.231,800 
 
 Russia 
 
 United States with Alaska. . . . 
 
 667,000 
 
 109,199 
 
 1.825,300 
 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Yeddo 
 
 833,900 
 
 
 1.534.900 
 
 
 
 3.231.800 
 
 
 
 82.3,400 
 
 Italy 
 
 Rome 
 
 244,484 
 
 
 332,000 
 
 Brazil 
 
 
 420,000 
 
 
 Constantinople 
 
 1,07,5,000 
 
 
 210.300 
 
 
 
 136 900 
 
 Persia .. . 
 
 
 120.000 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Brussels 
 
 Munich 
 
 Lisbon 
 
 314.100 
 169,500 
 
 
 224.063 
 
 
 90.100 
 
 
 
 
 Chill 
 
 Santiago 
 
 115.400 
 
 
 
 36.000 
 
 
 Lima 
 
 Chuquisaca... 
 
 Buenos Ayres 
 
 160.100 
 
 
 25.000 
 
 
 177.800 
 
 
 91.600 
 
 
 
 168,042 
 
 
 Caraccas ....^ 
 
 47,000 
 
 
 36,600 
 
 
 
 43,400 
 
 
 Gtiiitemala 
 
 40.000 
 
 
 70.000 
 
 
 
 48.000 
 
 
 Darmstadt 
 
 30.0011 
 
 
 
 3.00(1 
 
 ,San .Salvador 
 
 Sal Salvador 
 
 Port an I'rince 
 
 15.000 
 
 Havti 
 
 20.0110 
 
 
 10.000 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Honduras 
 
 Monte Video 
 
 Coraayagna 
 
 San Doniingo 
 
 44.500 
 12.000 
 30.000 
 
 
 2.000 
 
 Hiiwaii 
 
 Honolulu 
 
 7,683 
 
FOND DU LAC. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Topography— Elevations of Different Points— Artesian Wells— Water Powers — Geo- 
 logical PoEMATioNs— Physical Features. 
 
 topography. 
 
 When Southeastern Wisconsin first emerged from the ocean, it doubtless presented an 
 essentially plane surface, having a slight inclination to the east and southeast. The inequalities 
 which it now presents are due to subsequent changes, the results of three classes of agents, 
 acting at different times and under different conditions. 
 
 1. During the long ages between the emergence of the land and the drift period, the 
 streams were cutting their beds deeper and deeper into the rock, and rendering the former level 
 surface more and more irregular. The softer rocks were more readily eroded than the harder 
 ones, and this helped to increase the unevenness. There was a tendency of the streams, so far 
 as the slope favored, to follow the less resisting belts of soft rock. The little streams gathered 
 into the larger ones in a manner not unlike that by which the branches of a tree are united 
 into the trunk. The unevenness of surface produced by erosion of this nature possesses a 
 certain kind of system and symmetry readily recognizable. As this erosion occupied the time 
 preceding the glacial period, we may conveniently designate the features produced by it, pre- 
 glacial. We have the best example of this kind of surface conformation in the lead region, 
 over which the drift forces did not act, and which has not been resubmerged, so that we have 
 the results of this class of action pure and simple. As we proceed eastward into the region of 
 drift action in the central part of the State, these features are modified more and more by the 
 results of glacial action, until, in Eastern Wisconsin, they become wholly obscured, e.xcept 
 in their grander outlines. 
 
 2. The modifications of the surface constituting this first class of topographical features 
 were produced by running water ; those of the second class, which were formed next in order of 
 time, were caused by ice in the form of glaciers, it is confidently believed, and by the agencies 
 brought into action through their meltina;. The work of the ice was twofold : First, in the level- 
 ing of the surface by planing down the hills and filling up the valleys ; and second, in the cre- 
 ation of a new uneven surface, by heaping up in an irregular and promiscuous manner the clay, 
 sand, gravel and bowlders it had formed, thus giving the surface a new aspect. Among the 
 features produced by the action of the ice are parallel ridges, sometimes miles in length, having 
 the same direction as the ice movement, hills of rounded, flowing contour, sometimes having a 
 linear arrangement in the direction of glacial progress, mounds and hummocks of drift promis- 
 cuously arranged on an otherwise plane surface, oval domes of rock [roches moutonees), sharp 
 gravel ridges, often having a tortuous, serpentine course, transverse to the drift movement, 
 
310 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 peculiar depressions known as " kettles," and half-submerged rock gorges, known as " fiords," all 
 of wliicli combine to form a peculiar and distinctive surface contour. The melting of the ice 
 mass gave rise to swollen lakes and flooded rivers, which eroded at some points and filled up at 
 others, and so still farther modified the face of the country. All these peculiarities, being the 
 result, directly or indirectly, of the ice action, may be denominated glacial features. 
 
 3. Subsequent to the glacial period, the wearing action of the streams was resumed, but 
 under somewhat new conditions, and carved out a new surface contour, the features of which 
 may be termed post-glacial. 
 
 To the agencies, ice and water, assisted slightly by winds, the topographical peculiarities of 
 the county are chiefly due. There is no evidence of violent eruptions, upheavals or outbursts. 
 There was, indeed, the gradual elevation and depression of the surface, and probably some little 
 flexure of the crust; but the region has been free from violent agitation, and owes none of its 
 salient topographical features to such causes. 
 
 Having thus briefly considered the general methods by which the present aspect of the 
 county was produced, we may now more satisflictorily examine some of its special features. 
 
 No part of Wisconsin can properly be said to be mountainous, nor does it, over any consid- 
 erable area, sink to a dead level. It presents the golden mean in a gently undulating, 
 diversified surface, readily traversible in all directions by the various highways of communica- 
 tion. 
 
 Setting aside minor details, the State presents two general slopes — a short, abrupt declivity 
 northward to Lake Superior, and a long, gentler incline southward. Through the center of 
 this southward slope there extends a moderate north and south elevation, or arch — a low anti- 
 clinal axis — giving a southeasterly and southwesterly inclination to the strata on either side. 
 Fond du Lac County is situated in the center of the eastern slope. 
 
 The rock floor of this county would indicate an east southeast inclination of twenty-three 
 feet to the mile, and a similar inclination continues beneath Sheboygan County and Lake 
 Michigan. The bottom of that lake, at the depth of the ocean level (589 feet), is in the same 
 geological horizon as Fond du Lac City. Take for example, the lower magnesian limestone, 
 which is the lowest rock of any formation that outcrops in the county. The upper surface is 
 easily recognized, being well defined. It outcrops in the town of Ripon, in the bluffs west of 
 Ripon City, at an elevation of 382 feet above Lake Michigan. At the High School artesian 
 well in the city of Fond du Lac, it was found at the depth of 425 feet, the surface of the well 
 being 172 feet above Lake Michigan. The rock is, therefore, 625 feet lower than the top of 
 the blufi" at Ripon. At the village of Elmore, Section 15, town of Ashford, the lower mag-_ 
 nesian limestone is found at 802 feet below the surface of the artesian well, which surface is" 
 411 feet above Lake Michigan. The rock is, therefore, 391 feet below the surface of Lake 
 Michigan, and 773 feet lower than the top of the bluff at Ripon. 
 
 ELEVATION.S OF DIFFERENT POINTS. 
 
 Among the most instructive of the minor characteristics of the topography of Fond du Lac 
 County are the elevations of a number of different points of its surfiice above Lake Michigan. 
 These are given in feet. By adding 589 feet to those of any given point, the result will be the 
 elevation above the ocean. 
 
 Township 13 north, of Range IS east (Ashford) : Section 2. north line, 441 feet ; Section 
 2, average 516 feet ; Section 3, railroad cut, 459 feet; Section 11, northeast quarter, 498 feet; 
 Section 13, center, 466 feet ; Section 23, Elmore Village, 421 feet ; Section 23, surface kettle 
 formation, 444 feet ; Section 24, west side of the river, 322 feet. 
 
 Township 13 north, of Range 19 east iAuhurn) : Section 8, center north half, 490 feet ; 
 New Cassel bridge, 438 feet; New Cassel depot, 466 feet; Section 30, Five Points, 468 feet; 
 Section 30, railroad crossing, 409 feet ; Section 32, southeast quarter, Milwaukee River, 376 
 feet. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 311 
 
 Township 17 north, of Range 19 east (Calumet) : Section 26, middle north line, 381 feet; 
 Section 28, near west line (stream), 335 feet ; Section 35, northwest quarter, 410 feet. 
 
 Township 14- north, of Range IS east [Eden) : Section 6, northwest corner, 433 feet ; 
 Section 22, center, 463 feet ; Section 22, south line, 489 feet ; Section 24, southwest quarter, 
 472 feet ; Section 25, north half (creek), 404 feet ; Section 25, northwest quarter, 515 feet ; 
 Section 27, northeast quarter, river, 434 feet ; Section 27, southeast quarter, 432 feet ; Section 
 
 27, north line, northeast quarter, 415 feet. 
 
 Township 15 north, of Range 18 east (Empire) : Section 4, southeast corner, 399 feet ; 
 Section 12, northwest quarter, lowland, 368 feet. 
 
 Township 15 north, of Range 19 east (Forest) : Section 7, east half, Sheboygan River, 
 356 feet ; Section 9, southwest quarter, 410 feet ; Section 9, southeast corner, stream, 360 feet ; 
 Section 13, center northeast quarter, 498 feet ; Section 13, east line, northeast quarter, 497 
 feet ; Section 14, near east line, 445 feet ; Section 14, center, 428 feet ; Section 16, northeast 
 quarter, 389 feet ; Section 24, center north half, 424 feet ; Section 25, southwest quarter, 
 sti-eam, 451 feet ; Section 36, center, northwest quarter, 515 feet. 
 
 Township 16 north, of Range 19 east (Marshfield) : Section 6, northwest corner (estimated), 
 402 feet ; Section 6, stream, 360 feet ; Section 6, southwest corner, 406 feet ; Section 6, south- 
 east corner, 433 feet ; Section 14, southeast quarter, Reichart quarry, 357 feet ; Section 16, 
 south line, Maria Hotel, 365 feet; Section 17, north line (estimated) railroad, 371 feet; Section 
 17, southwest corner, hill, 442 feet ; Section 20, near center, hill, 450 feet ; Section 24, south- 
 east (quarter, 424 feet ; Section 25, north line, 420 feet ; Section 30, southwest quarter, Steffer's 
 Quarry, 409 feet ; Calvary Station, 363 feet ; St. Cloud Station, 349 feet. 
 
 Township 15 north, of Range 1/^ east (3Ietomen) : Section 1, northeast quarter. River's 
 quarry, 350 feet ; Reed's Corners Station, 407 feet ; Brandon Station, 421 feet. 
 
 Township IJ^. north, of Range 19 east (Osceola): Section 1, middle west line, 500 feet; 
 Section 4, northwest quarter, cross roads, 458 feet ; Section 11, southeast quarter, stream, 453 
 feet; Section 13, Long Lake, 443 feet; Section 30, east half, pond, 413 feet; Section 32, 
 north line, 518 feet; Section 34, general level, 504 feet ; Section 35, north half. Canton, 566 feet. 
 
 Township 16 north. Range 11/. east (Ripon) : Ripon Station, 352 feet ; cliff, west of road, 
 341 feet; City Falls, under tressel bridge, 332 feet; city, top of Sc. Peters, near lime-kiln, 351 
 feet ; city, top of hill, west of lime-kiln, 373 feet ; St. Peter's, west of lime-kiln, 358 feet ; 
 Coomb's quarry, bottom, 370 feet ; Section 2 (estimated), southeast corner, 309 feet ; Section 
 19, middle west line, 304 feet ; Section 20, northwest quarter of northwest quarter, 327 feet ; 
 Section 20, northwest of center, quarry, 400 feet; Section 20, little west of center, 397 feet; 
 Section 20, near middle of soutla line, 350 feet ; Section 20, southwest quarter of southeast 
 quarter, 351 feet; Section 20, northeast quarter of northwest quarter, 381 feet; Section 21, 
 quarry southwest of Mr. Starr's, 364 feet ; Section 26, northwest quarter, 366 feet ; Section 
 
 28, north line northeast quarter, 370 feet ; Section 29, northeast quarter, near center, 350 feet ; 
 Section 29, northeast quarter, top of limestone, 370 feet ; Section 29, twenty rods south of 
 limestone, 341 feet ; Section 35, southeast quarter, 364 feet ; Section 36, southeast quarter, 
 stream, 343 feet. 
 
 Township 16 north, of Range 15 east (Rosendale) : Rosendale Station, 313 feet ; West 
 Rosendale Station, 304 feet ; Rubicon Station, 440 feet ; Section 4, southwest quarter, 288 feet ; 
 Section 4, southwest quarter, quarry, 278 feet ; Section 28, northwest quarter, river, 271 feet ; 
 Section 32, southeast corner, 345 feet. 
 
 Township 16 north. Range 18 east (Taycheedah) : Lake Winnebago, 162 feet ; Section 5, 
 middle north line northwest quarter, 305 feet ; Section 5, center, 386 feet ; Section 22, south- 
 west corner, hill, 450 feet ; Section 22, middle north line, 438 feet ; Section 25, north line, hills, 
 408 feet; Section 25, north line, valleys, 358 feet ; Sections 29, southwest quarter of southeast 
 quarter, 341 feet ; Section 32, north-northwest quarter, railroad, 219 feet. 
 
 Township 14. north, of Range 15 east (Waupun) : Waupun Station, 314 feet ; Horicon 
 marsh, 280 feet. 
 
312 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 ARTESIAN WELLS. 
 
 The term artesian is frequently applied to deep wells, without regard to whether water 
 flows at the surface or not ; but it will here be confined to flowing wells, without regard to 
 depth. Flowing wells depend upon these requisite conditions : There should be an impervious 
 stratum to prevent the escape of the water below ; a previous water-bearing stratum upon this 
 to furnish the flow of water ; a second impervious layer upon this, to prevent the escape of the 
 water above, it being under pressure from the fountain-head. These must dip, and there must 
 be no adequate outlet for the water at a lower level than the well. There must also be a suffi- 
 cient collecting area or '-eservoir in connection with the porous stratum, and it must have suffi- 
 cient elevation to act as a fountain-head. Wells of this description in Eastern Wisconsin are 
 divided into six different classes, according to the formation from which they derive their flow : 
 (1) Those that derive their flow entirely from the drift ; (2) those that derive their flow from 
 the junction of the drift with the indurated rocks below; (3) those that originate in the 
 Niagara limestones ; (4) those that arise from the Galena and Trenton limestone ; 
 (5) those from the St. Peters sandstone ; and, (6) those from the primordial zone. 
 The wells of Fond du Lac County belong to the first, second, fourth and fifth classes. 
 In number and variety of source, these flowing wells of the county stand pre-eminent. 
 
 In the city of Fond du Lac, there are three classes of comparatively shallow wells that derive 
 their flow from within twenty feet of the surface of the galena limestone rock, either above or 
 below it, it being from two to nearly one hundred feet beneath the soil. In the first, flowing 
 water is found in the blue clay which underlies the superficial red clay. The water is usually 
 reached in a stratum of quicksand, from si.x inches to si.x feet in thickness. In the second, the 
 flow is obtained between what is locally known as "concrete" and the rock. This concrete, 
 which varies from two to twenty feet in thickness, is the lowest member of the drift at this 
 point, and seems to consist of partially cemented sand and gravel. The first flow of water is 
 usually accompanied by a green or brown sand. The flow of the third class originates in the 
 same rock, within from six to twenty feet of its surface and is unaccompanied, in general, by 
 sand of any kind. The vast majority of the wells of the city belong to one of these three 
 classes. 
 
 " Hunter's Magnetic Saline Fountain " derives its flow from the deeper limestone strata, 
 as is shown from the following sections : 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Ked clay 26 
 
 Blue clay, bowlders and concrete 30 
 
 First water-course at 56 
 
 Brown limestone 14 
 
 Second water-course at 70 
 
 Brown limestone 40 
 
 Third water-course at 110 
 
 White limestone 30 
 
 Fourth water-course at 140 
 
 Crystalline cherty limestone 20 
 
 Cherty limestone 27 
 
 Fifth. water-course at 187 
 
 Total depth 187 
 
 The following is an analysis of the rock taken from this well : 
 
 Lime 28.80 
 
 Magnesia 20.76 
 
 Protoxide of iron 2.19 
 
 Soda 20 
 
 Chlorine trace. 
 
 Sulphuric acid 10 
 
 Carbonic acid 45.51 
 
 Total 97.66 
 
HISTOBY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 313 
 
 From this it appears that this rock, in common with nearly all the so-called limestone of 
 Eastern Wisconsin, is really a dolomite. The following is an approximate analysis of the water 
 of this well, leaving oft' decimals in calculating the proportions: 
 
 1. Carbonate of lime 5 
 
 2. Carbonate of potash 4 
 
 3. Carbonate of magnesia 6 
 
 4. Carbonate of soda 4 
 
 5. Sulphate of lime 1- 
 
 6. Sulphate of potasli 10 
 
 T. Sulphate of magnesia 17 
 
 8. Sulphate of soda 13 
 
 9. Chloride of sodium 14 
 
 10. Chloride of potassium 3 
 
 11. Silica 5 
 
 12. Traces of iron 
 
 13. Traces of bromine 
 
 14. Free carbonic acid 
 
 Waste 7 
 
 Total 100 
 
 The water has been extensively used for its remedial qualities. 
 
 The fountain on First street, belonging to B. Wild & Co., represents a yet more deep-seated 
 system. This well is 326 feet deep, and passes entirely through the galena and Trenton lime- 
 stones, reaching the St. Peters sandstone below, whence it derives a flow of forty-eight gallons 
 per minute. The stream has been carried by pipes fifty-three feet above the surface. It flows 
 with such force, that, with hose and a quarter-inch nozzle attached, it projects a stream from 
 thirty to thirty-five feet high, and forty-eight feet horizontally. 
 
 The following is an analysis of the water of this fountain : 
 
 Lime 0.063 
 
 Magnesia 0.040 
 
 Soda 0.061 
 
 Silica 0.013 
 
 Sulphuric acid 0.049 
 
 Chlorine 0.045 
 
 Carbonic acid 0.090 
 
 Combined as follows : 
 
 Chloride of sodium 0.074 
 
 Sulphate of soda 0.073 
 
 Lime 0.010 
 
 Bicarbonate of soda 
 
 Lime 0.105 
 
 Magnesia 0.083 
 
 Silica 0.012 
 
 Total 0.357 
 
 The following is the section of the well on the High School grounds : p^^j 
 
 Drift, red and blue clay 95 
 
 Magnesian limestone (Trenton and galena) 195 
 
 St. Peters sandstone 135 
 
 Total 425 
 
 The section of S. B. Amory's well is as follows : ' p^^j 
 
 f Soil, 3 feet ) 
 
 Drift J Red clay, 37 feel I 93.0 
 
 ( Blue and bowlder, 53 feet ) 
 
 T , f Galena, 142 feet 1 „„<, „ 
 
 Limestone .. % m » en <• . ■ 202.0 
 
 l^ Trenton, 60 feet J 
 
 St. Peters sandstone 131.3 
 
 Lower magnesian limestone 2.0 
 
 Total 428.3 
 
314 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 In searching for the fountain-head of the wells that belong to the first class — those belong- 
 ing entirely to the drift — possible sources are found on almost every side, to the east, south, 
 west and northwest. To the east and south, there lies a large ledge of Niagara limestone, under- 
 laid by impervious shale, from the surface of which issue frequent springs. The clay deposits 
 of the basin in which the city of Fond du Lac lies, abut against and overlap this shale. The 
 junction is, in all probability, permeable to water, which would thus reach the porous strata of 
 sand and gravel that arc found within the blue clay. That this is the true explanation of the 
 artesian wells of Taycheedah and Byron is more than probable. To the west, the blue clay rises 
 to the surface, and lies upon, or graduates into, the more gravelly drift hills of that region, 
 and may not improbably derive thence its water supply. 
 
 The fountain-heads of the second and third classes — those that rise from the " concrete " and 
 from the limestone — are doubtless the same, or at least their fountain heads are associated, except 
 perhaps those of the deep wells, whose reservoir is more distant ; in all cases, it is probably to 
 the westward. Lamartine and adjoining towns furnish favorable conditions. The surface of 
 the rock, as well as its layers, rise in that direction. The slight local exception to this in the 
 western portion of the city is not sufficient to aff"ect the general problem. The rock appears at 
 the surface to the southwest, along Seven Mile Creek, at an elevation of 122 feet above Lake 
 Winnebago. The general surface of the town of Lamartine is about 150 feet above the lake, 
 and consists of low hills and ridges interspersed with marshes. The surface drainage is very 
 imperfect. The hills and ridges are composed of the varying mixed material of the unassorted 
 drift, and are more or less permeable to water. 
 
 Phenomena connected with the boring of wells in this region, show that certain of the layers 
 of the underlying magnesian limestone are practically impervious to water, while others are not. 
 These with the clay above furnish the necessary pervious and impervious strata, and complete 
 the requisite conditions. The fountain head of Mr. Wild's well is to be found along the line of 
 outcrop of the St. Peters sandstone, within which its reservoir undoubtedly lies. Near Ripon, the 
 St. Peters sandstone outcrops at an elevation of about 325 feet above Lake Michigan, or about 
 150 feet above the surface of the well, thus giving an abundant elevation. The flowing wells of 
 Taycheedah are from sixty to seventy feet deep, but do not reach the rock. It seems most 
 probable that they derive their flow from veins having their origin at the surfiice of the shale 
 beneath the ledge, as already explained. The water in some of the wells is highly impregnated 
 with sulphuretted hydrogen. In the town of Byron, adjoining Fond du Lac on the south, on 
 the farms of Henry Bush, D. D. Jones q,nd Mr. Searles, there are several wells having a rather 
 scanty and variable flow. They are not, however, immediately affected by rains. The wells 
 belonging to Mr. Jones are seventy feet deep. Rock was struck at Mr. Searles' at a depth of 
 170 feet— but did not yield a flow. The fountain head of these is probably in the blufls to the 
 south. 
 
 The artesian wells of the town of Oakfield ai-e located in Sections 9, 15, 16 and 17, and 
 occupy an extensive depression stretching northeastward to Fond du Lac. H. D. Hitt has 
 three wells from sixty-eight to seventy-four feet deep. The following is a typical section : 1, 
 surface soil ; 2, marl ; 3, blue clay ; 4, small vein of sand ; 5, alternate blue clay, sand 
 and gravel ; 6, rock at from forty-eight to fifty-four feet from the surface. 
 
 Water flowed in a small stream before the rock "was struck. Mr. Whittaker secured a fine 
 flow in a vein of sand beneath blue clay, at from twenty to twenty-two feet from the surface. 
 S. Scovil, residing on Section 17, has two flowing wells, one forty-eight and the other seventy- 
 five feet deep. The first mentioned is thirty-seven feet in blue clay and twelve feet in limestone. 
 It is situated near the western extremity of the depression before mentioned, where the surface 
 gradually rises toward the drift hills that form the " divide " between the Mississippi and St. 
 Lawrence basins. The latter lies somewhat farther eastward, and penetrates fifty feet of pure clay, 
 without seams of sand or gravel, and extends twenty-five feet into the limestone beneath. This 
 well has a brisk, steady flow, about one inch in cross section, and is not noticeably affected by rains. 
 The former one is much affected by rains, the change being noticeable within twenty-four hours. 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DV LAC COUXTY. 315 
 
 The wells of Mr. Hatch and Mr. Weils are similarly affected. These do not penetrate the rock. 
 There are two systems here, the more superficial, whose veins lie near the junction of the drift 
 and limestone, being sometimes above and sometimes below, and whose reservoir is in the vicinity 
 and is superficial ; and the deeper one, whose fountain-head is more distant. The reservoirs in 
 both cases are probably to the westward and northwestward. At the mill of W. N. Davis, on 
 the shore of Lake Winnebago in Calumet, are two fine wells, giving a copious flow of clear, 
 cold, sparkling water, impregnated with considerable iron and some sulphuretted hydrogen. It 
 is about ninety feet in depth. All the drift wells in Fond du Lac County may be considered as 
 constituting one group, owing their origin to the basin-shaped depression occupied by Lake 
 Winnebago, the superficial layer of which is impervious and prevents the water from escaping 
 into the lake until pierced. 
 
 The deepest artesian well sunk in the county was put down by J. Dobbins, at the village of 
 Elmore, Section 15, town of Ashford. The upper coral bed was at the surface. 
 
 FEET. 
 
 Depth of Niagara limestone •. 245 
 
 Depth of Cincinnati clay 242 
 
 Depth of Galena and Trenton limestone 214 
 
 Depth of St. Peters sandstone 101 
 
 Depth of Lower Magnesian limestone 202 
 
 Depth of Potsdam sandstone 244 
 
 Total depth 1,248 
 
 Surface of the well above the ocean 989 
 
 Depth of the bottom of the well below the sea level 250 
 
 WATER POWERS. 
 
 The great Interior and the West are laboring under an error, which intelligent action may 
 remove. They produce vast quantities of crude material needing manufocture. This bulky 
 and heavy matter they transport a thousand miles to be worked up. They likewise produce 
 immense quantities of food. This they carry the same thousand miles to feed those who manu- 
 facture the other material. They then bring back the manufactured article, murmuring at its 
 expense, and praying for cheaper transportation. More simply and trtdy stated, the situation 
 is this : At one end of a thousand miles is a man and his tools ; at the other end is the heap 
 of crude material he is to manufacture, the bulky food he is to eat, and the market for his prod- 
 ucts; and the problem is, "Shall the mountain go to Mohammed, or will Mohammed come 
 to the mountain? " An intelligent, practical answer to this will go some way toward solving 
 the problem of cheaper transportation. Agriculture, mining and manufacture, form a triangle 
 of industries that are mutually dependent, and the nearer they can be brought together, the 
 more successful will each be. The question then — What facilities for manufacturing does our 
 State present ? — becomes one of the highest importance, especially as to our preponderating agri- 
 cultural interests. Chief among these is water-power. In Eastern Wisconsin (and Fond du 
 Lac County is to be considered in that district or portion of the State) there is a vast amount 
 of water-power situated in the heart of an exceedingly rich farming country, with abundant 
 .facilities for transportation ; and this is not by any means a subordinate consideration, in the 
 midst of an intelligent, cultured society. What is needed is for capitalists to fully realize that 
 the natural facilities for manufacturing in the Interior must, in the immediate future, be utilized 
 to their utmost capacity. A Washburn in another State, and a Meyer at home, are gifted with 
 sufiicient prescience to foresee this, and the legitimate result is an unbounded success. 
 
 But what of the water-powers of Fond du Lac County ? A comparison of the streams and 
 smaller marshes as laid down on the Government plats, with what we now see, shows important 
 changes in their size. Large areas that are represented as marsh on the plats of the United 
 States surveys, are now comparatively dry and arable. Many of the smaller streams have dis- 
 appeared or become mere periodical runs. These changes have been much more marked in the 
 forest regions of the country than in the prairies or openings, and are so intimately connected 
 
316 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 with the clearing-away of the timber, that it is a fair inference that this is the main cause. The 
 timber in some portions was very heavy and consequently permitted but a very feeble under- 
 growth. The removal of the trees left the surface almost entirely bare, and a large portion was 
 put at once under cultivation. The effect of so great a change natui-ally made itself felt upon 
 the drainage of wooded portions of the county. To the e.xtent to which this has gone thus far 
 it has, doubtless, on the whole been a benefit, as it has induced a drier, lighter, warmer soil, and 
 more healthful atmosphere. But the limits of benefit in this direction may be assumed to have 
 been reached, and the danger now to be apprehended is that it will proceed to an injurious extent. 
 This, however, can be avoided by fostering the growth of forest trees. 
 
 But the water-power of the county has not been benefited by the change ; on the contrary, 
 it has been injured by it. There are, however, a number of streams in the county which fur- 
 nish good powers, but their efficiency is not remarkable in any particular instance. The surface of 
 the country nowhere rises to any great altitude ; while four rivers — the Manitowoc, the Sheboygan, 
 the Milwaukee and the Rock — have more or less of their head-branches within the county limits. 
 The streams flowing into Winnebago Lake are of inconsiderable length, and have no great fall. 
 The most efficient powers, therefore, must be sought for outside the county — down the rivers just 
 mentioned, and particularly upon the Lower Fox. But the lack of superior water-powers is 
 compensated by easily and readily attainable steam-powers, which are rendered available as well 
 as profitable, because of the abundance of cheap fuel. 
 
 GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS. 
 
 Archean Rock. — The northern part of the State is occupied by the upper portion of the 
 Archean rock, called the Huronian, the lower or Laurentian series being nowhere visible in 
 Wisconsin. These rocks dip to the south and east, and form the ground floor on which lies the 
 paleozoic formation, consisting of sandstone and limestone, which constitute the upper formation 
 in this part of the State. Its average depth beneath the surface of Fond du Lac County is about 
 1,000 feet. The artesian well sunk by John Dobbins at Elmore penetrates the Archean rock to 
 the depth of twelve feet. 
 
 Potsdam Sandstone. — On the great floor thus formed lies the Potsdam sandstone to the 
 depth of 200 to "2.50 feet, but nowhere does it come to the surface in this county. 
 
 Lower Magnesian Limestone. — Upon the Potsdam sandstone lies the lower magnesian 
 limestone. This is very irregular in thickness, varying from 60 to 150 feet. It appears at the 
 surface in the town of Ripon, west and north of the city of Ripon in high bluffs, and has been 
 bored into in the city of Fond du Lac, in the sinking of the artesian well at the high-school 
 building, at the depth of 420 feet, and at S. B. Amory's well on Division street, at a depth of 
 426 feet, 3 inches. 
 
 St. Peters Sandstone. — Upon the wavy and irregular surface of the lower magnesian 
 limestone, rests the St. Peters sandstone. It is the only sandstone which outcrops in the 
 county, and then only in two towns, in Section 31, town of Metomen, and in the town of 
 Ripon, west and north of the city of Ripon. In Section 17, it is cut through by the Sheboy- 
 gan & Fond du Lac Railroad, and in Section 9 by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. 
 It is exposed in several places in the bluffs west of Ripon, and is everywhere a soft, crumbling 
 sandstone, usually white or yellow : being permeable to water, it forms the reservoir for the 
 principal supply of the deep wells in the city of Fond du Lac and vicinity. At the high-school 
 artesian well, it is 293 feet from the surface, and 130 feet deep ; at S. B. Amory's, 295 feet 
 from the sui'face, and 131 feet thick. 
 
 Trenton Limestone. — There lies on the St. Peters sandstone the Trenton or blue lime- 
 stone, about seventy-five feet thick, which only outcrops in the west tier of sections in the towns 
 of Alto and Metomen, where it is much covered with drift and soil, and in the town of Ripon, 
 where the lower beds, which are partly buff colored, are well displayed ; also at the falls within 
 the city of Ripon, caused by the waters of Silver Creek running over the limestone and wash- 
 ing away the St. Peters sandstone from beneath ; also a few rods west of the business part of that 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 317 
 
 city, where the lowest layers of this rock are about forty feet higher than at the falls, and along 
 the bluff in the west part of that city where the lower beds are twenty to thirty feet higher, from 
 which point they dip south until they disappear beneath Crystal Creek. 
 
 North and east of Ripon City, the formation becomes quickly covered with deep drift and 
 soil and is but little exposed. 
 
 Galena Limestone. — Immediately upon the blue or Trenton limestone rests the gray or 
 galena limestone, possessing similar characteristics. It derives its name from the fact that it 
 is the main formation that bears galena or lead in the southwestern part of the State. It 
 differs from the Trenton in being deeper bedded and having a more irregular texture, weather- 
 ing into rough, craggy forms, sometimes with a rotten appearance. The galena forms the 
 surface rock of the west half of the county, embracing some of its most fertile towns. It 
 underlies the towns of Friendship, Fond du Lac, north half of Byron, the north half and west 
 half of Oakfield, Lamartine, Eldorado, Springvale, Waupun, Alto, Metomen and the east half 
 of Ripon. 
 
 This rock is easily disintegrated by atmospheric action, while it loses a part of its lime and 
 magnesia (being a dolomite). It produces a valuable clayey soil for agricultural purposes. 
 The thickness of the rock is about 125 feet, it being penetrated for artesian wells in different 
 parts of the county and yielding a considerable number of flowing wells. There are quarries 
 of this rock in different parts of the western towns. The stone at Waupun is the most valuable 
 for building purposes, dressing well but coarse under the hammer and chisel. The most eastern 
 outcrop in the county is at Moore's quarry in the Third Ward of the city of Fond du Lac. 
 There are also beds of this stone open in Sections 7 and 16 in the town of Fond du Lac, and 
 at Seven Mile Creek in the town of Lamartine. ■ 
 
 The galena rock underlies the soil of the beautiful prairies, fine groves and oak openings 
 which, in a state of nature, so highly adorned the county. 
 
 Cincinnati Shales and Limestone. — The galena limestone is succeeded by a series of shales 
 and limestone known as the Cincinnati group, which constitute the upper series of the Lower 
 Silurian period. This formation is about one hundred and fifty feet thick, and protrudes immedi- 
 ately from beneath the ledge. Its disintegration forms a most tenacious clay soil, on which flow 
 the springs and brooks which so abundantly water the plain beneath the ledge. This formation 
 outcrops through the entire length of the county, from Calumet Mills on the east side of Lake 
 Winnebago to Section 32 in the town of Oakfield, traversing the county in a northeast and 
 southwest direction. The soil from this formation forms the most valuable grazing land in the 
 county. The shales, which form a part of this formation, bear such resemblance to the shales 
 of the coal fields that there was some boring for coal in and beneath it. There never has been 
 any native mineral coal found in any formation as old as this. The carboniferous formations 
 are much more recent than the Silurian series which form the surface rock of the county. 
 
 Upper Silurian Series. — This formation rests upon the Cincinnati clays, and is the most 
 prominent and important rock formation in the county. It forms a bold ridge throughout the 
 length of the county, elevated about two hundred feet above the level of the valley beneath. 
 
 This formation is well exposed, the ledge traversing the towns of Calumet, Taycheedah, 
 Empire, Eden, Byron and Oakfield, and the rock underlying the towns of Marshfield, Forest, 
 Osceola, Ashford and Auburn. In the latter towns, it is not much exposed, being covered 
 heavily with glacial drift, some places 300 feet deep. In this State, the Upper Silurian series 
 consists of the Clinton iron ore and the Niagara group. 
 
 The Clinton Iron Ore is absent or nearly so in this county, being nowhere visible as an 
 outcrop. 
 
 The Niagara Group, which forms the rock in the east part of the county, consists of the 
 Mayville beds, the Byron beds and the lower and upper coral beds. 
 
 The Mayville Beds, being the lowest member of the group, resting immediately on the 
 Cincinnati clay and forming the principal portion of the front of the ledge, are the best exposed 
 rock in the county. East of the village of Taycheedah, at the old brewery, it is quarried 
 
818 HISTORY or FOXD DU LAG COUNTY. 
 
 extensively, and also at the Berry fiirm. Section 5, there is a good f(uarry. The rock is much 
 used for heavy foundations in Fond dii Lac City and vicinity. This rock is, in general, a 
 rough, coarse, gray magnesian limestone, possessing the same general character throughout its 
 entire area. 
 
 The best stone is almost a pure dolomite, consisting of about 52 per cent of carbonate of 
 lime and 43 per cent of carbonate of magnesia, and has been much used for the manufacture of 
 lime in the towns of Taycheedah and Oakfield. The Mayville beds are about sixty feet thick. 
 The beautiful marble stone which forms the front of the Patty Hotel in Fond du Lac City, was 
 obtained from the rock in the town of Taycheedah. 
 
 Byron Beds. — Reposing upon the coai'se-textured Mayville beds last described, lies a 
 somewhat thicker series of beds, bearing a strong contrast to them in color, texture, stratifica- 
 tion and general character. The ledges of the former are rough in aspect, and dull in color, 
 these of the latter are usually smooth and white. The texture of the former is generally 
 coarse, and often very uneven, that of the Byron beds is always fine, and sometimes so close 
 and compact as to be lithographic in character. The color, when not white, is a light gray or 
 cream tint. The texture is either very fine, close and compact, or fine grained. The bedding 
 is either thin, producing excellent flagging, or attaining more considerable dimensions, and 
 furnishes cutting and building stone, the very best in the State. The lower beds of this forma- 
 tion are thin bedded, while in the upper portion, the beds are thicker. The rock is called the 
 Byron, because its best development in Wisconsin is in the town of Byron, in this county. The 
 purity of the rock admirably fits it for the manufacture of lime. It makes a strong and white 
 article, and is among the best in the United States. In selecting stone for this purpose, the 
 granular variety is generally to be preferred, from its superior purity, and because of its porous 
 nature it allows the carbonic gas that is discharged in the burning to escape readily, thus facili- 
 tating an easy and complete calcination. In the towns of Oakfield and Byron, kilns have been 
 established that manufacture an excellent lime, some of which is shipped to the Chicago market ; 
 being almost a pure dolomite, consisting of 54J per cent of carbonate of lime and 44J per cent 
 of carbonate of magnesia, it makes a very strong cement. The greatest observed thickness of 
 the Byron beds is about 110 feet. It outcrops in the towns of Oakfield, Byron, Eden, Empire, 
 Taycheedah and Marshfield. The thicker beds furnish an excellent building stone, either rough 
 dressed for ordinaiy masonry, or cut for the finer classes of work. In some instances a color as 
 fine as statuary marble may be obtained. 
 
 Lower Coral Beds. — Next in order of succession comes the lower coral beds. The rock 
 of this formation is a rough, heavy-bedded dolomite or magnesian limestone, not unlike the 
 Mayville beds. The layers are something very massive, ten to twelve feet intervening between 
 distinct bedding joints. In texture the rock is coarse, crystalline, granular and usually rather 
 soft, which gives the weathered outlines a very rough, craggy, pitted exterior. The prevailing 
 color is gray, verging toward white and yellow. Much of the rock is nearly pure dolomite well 
 fitted to the manufactui-e of lime ; but, like the Mayville beds, it requires much discrimination 
 in selecting the best for that purpose. The lower coral beds are about fifty feet thick. 
 
 Upper Coral Beds. — This rock occupies the highest horizon of any rock in the county, 
 being the most recent of our rock system. It underlies the soil in the town.s of Auburn, 
 Osceola, the east half of Ashford and east half or Forest. It is rather a thin-bedded dolomite, 
 generally of a buiF color, but in its unweathered condition often gray. It is usually fine grained, 
 compact and hard. It shows a tendency to split into irregular, rudely, lenticular flakes. The 
 stone Is of little value for construction or for lime. Some layers make a tolerable flag. In 
 Sections 2 and 11 in the town of Ashford, the North- Western Union Pacific Road cuts 
 through it. There is also a quarry opened in it at the village of Elmore, in the same town, in 
 Section 15, which exhibits a very heavy-bedded rock. The thickness of this formation may 
 be estimated at fifty feet. 
 
 The Soil. — The latest geological formation is the soil. This is produced by the disintegra- 
 tion of the drift and of the rock, where it approaches the surface. In Fond du Lac County, 
 
HISTORY OF FOND J)V LAC COUNTY. 319 
 
 Tvhere the sandstone comes to the surface, it forms small patches of sandy soil, remarkable for 
 its warmth and fertility. The limestone gives the soil a loamy character observed on the higher 
 prairies, where that rock approaches the surface. There is a deep and exhaustless red clay to 
 be found in the timber land. As a whole, the soil of the county is not surpassed by any in 
 Wisconsin for fertility. The soil of the marshes is a deep, black, vegetable mold. 
 
 PHYSICAL FEATURES. 
 
 Fond du Lac County, lying as it does on the dividing line between the immense forests of 
 hardwood and pine which extend northward to Lake Superior, and the vast expanse of prairie 
 that stretches away to the west and southwest until it meets the Rocky Mountains, happily 
 unites within its own territory the principal characteristics and resources peculiar to both these 
 districts. While in the north and east it enters those hardwood forests which have added so 
 much to the prosperity and success of the manufticturing interests of Wisconsin, in the south and 
 west it reaches out and embraces a portion of those prairies of inexhaustible agricultural 
 resources, which are the pride of the Great Central West. 
 
 The general surfoce appearance of Fond du Lac County is attractive, being generally undu- 
 lating enough to afford good draining, without being hilly, presenting a pleasing variety of 
 groves of vahiable timber and light openings, interspersed with stretches of prairie, mai-sh and 
 meadow lands, beautifully undulated with gentle ascents and declivities, which swell away in the 
 distance, forming many truly charming landscapes. But little, if any, is so uneven or hilly as 
 to render it undesirable for agricultural purposes, and a large portion of the flat, marshy land 
 which was originally considered worthless, has, at a trifling expense, been transformed into 
 valuable meadow ; while there are some .3,000 acres of peat marsh, having an inexhaustible 
 supply of peat of a good quality, varying from six to twenty feet in depth, which may, in the 
 not distant future, become a source of wealth to its owners. The most notable of the physical 
 features of the county are its lakes, rivers, creeks, springs, " the ledge," and marshes. 
 
 Winnebago Lake, the largest body of fresh water wholly within a single State of the Union, 
 is the most striking physical feature of Fond du Lac County. It has an elevation above Lake 
 Michigan of 162 feet /above the ocean of 751 feet. It is about thirty miles in length, north 
 and south ; eight to fifteen miles in width, east and west. " It reclines its head in Fond du 
 Lac County — the city lying as its crown." The number of sections of land covered by its 
 waters within the limits of the county are about thirty-four. Were the lake to be drained, the 
 land reclaimed within the county would lie in Townships 15 and 16 north, of Range 17 east, 
 and in Townships 16 and 17 north, of Range 18 east. The northern boundary of the county 
 crosses the lake from east to west as follows : From the southwest corner of Calumet County 
 extending west on the south line of the county to a point in the lake " in the range line 
 between Ranges 17 and 18 east; thence south on said range line to the range of the town- 
 ship line betw^een Townships 16 and 17 north ;" thence west to a point where the north line oi 
 the county of Fond du Lac leaves the lake. So much of the lake as lies south and east of these 
 lines is within the county of Fond du Lac. 
 
 It is a matter of record that one imaginative person named J. E. Tuttle, of Fond du Lac, 
 doubtless believing in some awful convulsion that would make the dry land appear where now is 
 only water, and having faith that when the dry land should appear. Uncle Sam would at once 
 send out surveyors and run the proper lines, did, on July 11, 1861, mortgage to Richard H. 
 Tallman, of Ogle County, 111., to secure the payment of $5,000, the east half of Section 28 and 
 the southwest quarter and northeast quarter of Section 27, in Township 17 north, of Range 18 
 east, all in Fond du Lac County ! When that mortgage is foreclosed, the purchaser will doubt- 
 less discover that railway stocks are not the only things that are "watered" — that real-estate 
 mortgages are liable to the same manipulations, in tSe hands of sharpei-s. 
 
 In earlier years, the quantities of fish, mostly suckers, bull-pouts, catfish and sturgeon, 
 taken from Winnebago Lake would seem incredible at the present day, although these fi3h are 
 still abundant in the spring. Pike, pickerel and bass are almost as abundant now as ever, but 
 
320 HISTORY OF FOND DIT LAC COUNTY. 
 
 are not taken in such quantities as the other varieties. In 1859, fish sold in the city of Fond 
 du Lac for 10 cents per bushel, and suckers and bull-pouts were sold for 25 cents per sleigh 
 load to the farmers who fed their swine upon this eminent brain food. At that time, all the 
 streams flowing into the lake were crowded with fish in a manner that will never be witnessed again. 
 
 Lake Winnebago, being for the most part comparatively shallow, is not very cold in sum- 
 mer, and freezes early and to a great depth in winter. It is not much more than 120 feet in 
 depth in its deepest part, and the south end will not average over fifteen feet in depth. 
 
 It has no first-class harbors in Fond du Lac County, the only ones in use being at Pipe 
 Village and the city of Fond du Lac. A moderate expenditure of Government money at either of 
 these places would render them much more safe, and good enough for all the commerce done on 
 the lake. They were nearly impassible during the summer of 1879, as the water in the lake was 
 lower than at any period since 1848, when the dam at Neenah was erected, raising the water 
 in the whole lake, and in all the streams emptying into it. A mention of Island Park, or Garlic 
 Island, as it was called for years on account of the abundance of leeks or wild onions found upon 
 it, may properly be made in connection with this article, although it is situated beyond the 
 boundaries of Fond du Lac County. It is a high, dry, splendidly wooded island, nearly twenty- 
 five miles from the city of Fond du Lac, surrounded by deep water and fine fishing grounds. It 
 is owned by a company of individuals living in Oshkosh and Fond du Lac, by whom it has been 
 beautified by the erection of several large summer-houses and clearing away all weeds and under- 
 brush. It is the resort during the summer months of numbers of pleasure seekers, mostly from 
 Fond du Lac and Oshkosh. 
 
 Other Lakes.— There are about twenty small lakes and numerous ponds wholly within the 
 county of Fond du Lac, with Rush and Winnebago Lakes bordering it on the north. The most 
 beautiful of all these lakes is De Neveu, situated in a valley entirely surrounded by forests, 
 about three miles from the city of Fond du Lac. On the map it will be found in Sections 30 
 and 31. On all sides are bold shores, and its waters are deep, clear and cold. It is cool in 
 summer and does not freeze over until late at winter, owing to the numerous springs on its 
 shores and in its bed. It has several large summer cottages, numerous fine boats, and. in the 
 summer, either shore is well lined with the white tents of campers. It abounds in pickerel, 
 pike and rock, black, green and strawberry bass, which are caught liberally by the pleasure 
 seekers. Pickerel weigliing thirty pounds have been caught in this lake. As a ducking and 
 excellent fishing place. Long Lake, in Sections 13, 24 and 25, of the town of Osceola, is of the 
 most importance, although Duck Lake, in the town of Ashford, Mullet Lake, in the town of 
 Forest, and Lake Fifteen, in the town of Auburn, are famous. 
 
 Rivers. — Fond du Lac County might well and properly be called the birthplace of rivers, for 
 it has the honor of being the source of more rivers and creeks than any other in Wisconsin-^ 
 perhaps in the Union. And what may be considered still more remarkable, these streams actually 
 flow in four contrary directions — east, west, north and south. All of these streams have their 
 sources in spi-ings or small spring lakes, and were, therefore, in an early day, abundantly stocked 
 with excellent fish. In fact, the stories told by the early settlers of the quantities of suckers, 
 mullet and red-horse taken from them seem almost incredible, although they are well supported 
 as true. 
 
 Of the seven rivers having their source in Fond du Lac County, only two, the East and 
 West Branches of the Fond du Lac River, belong wholly to the county. Of these, the West 
 Branch is the larger. It has three principal sources — one on Section 14, town of Metomen ; 
 one on Section 14, town of Ripon, and the other on Section 7, town of Rosendale. It is 
 nowhere a navigable stream. It is dammed in the town of Eldorado, where it turns during a por- 
 tion of the year the Scribner flouring-mill, and in the town of Fond du Lac, where it turns the 
 John C. Bishop mill. It unites with the IJast Branch in the city of Fond du Lac, a half-mile 
 from where it empties into Lake Winnebago. 
 
 The East Branch of the Fond du Lac River has its principal source in Sections 5 and 13, 
 in the town of Oakfield, where it is called Seven Mile Creek. Its other sources are on Sections 
 
HISTORY OF rOKD DU LAC COUNTY. 321 
 
 20, in Byron (the camp-ground spring), and 16, in Lamartine. Near the village of Oakfield, 
 this stream turns two flouring-mills during portions of the year, and a flouring-mill on Section 
 27, town of Fond du Lac. After its confluence with the West Branch in the city of Fond du 
 Lac, the stream is navigable for a short distance, but is mostly used for rafting logs. A station- 
 ary bridge at Scott street prevents boats from passing farther up. There was once talk of com- 
 pelling the city to make swing bridges over the Fond du Lac River as far as it had been declared 
 navigable water, but nothing definite was ever done. 
 
 Rock River, which is only a small stream in Fond du Lac County, rises in large springs 
 in Sections 3, 16 and 19, in the town of Alto, and in Section 25, in the town of Metomen. The 
 stream flows east past Waupun, where there is a small water-power. Although comparatively 
 an unimportant stream in this county. Rock River is one of the important streams of the States 
 of Wisconsin and Illinois. 
 
 Grand River has its source in springs in Sections 16 and 19, in the town of Metomen, and 
 in Section 19, in the town of Alto. It flows westward through Green Lake County into the 
 Fox River, turning four mills in the town of Metomen. 
 
 Milwaukee River has three branches — East, Middle and West — in Fond du Lac County. 
 The head-waters of the East Branch are discharged from Long Lake, in Sections 18 and 14, 
 town of Osceola. The Middle Branch has its source in Section 23, Osceola, and the West 
 Branch mostly in Round Lake, in Section 27, Osceola, although large feeders come from springs 
 in Sections 25, in Byron, and 12 and 17, Eden. 
 
 There are several mills turned in these towns by the three branches of the Milwaukee 
 River, which flows south into Lake Michigan at Milwaukee. 
 
 Sheboygan River takes its rise mostly in the eastern poi'tion of the town of Empire, and 
 in Section 6, town of Osceola. It flows eastward into Lake Michigan at the city of Sheboygan. 
 
 Manitowoc River rises in the towns of Calumet and Forest. It is a favorite ducking and 
 fishing stream, being deep and sluggish for the most part, and abounding in wild rice. It flows 
 northeast into Lake Michigan at Manitowoc. 
 
 De Neveu Creek has its principal sources in Twin Lakes, in Sections 9 and 16, in the 
 town of Eden, and in De Neveu Lake, in the town of Empire. Being the outlet of De Neveu 
 Lake, on G. De Neveu's land, it Avas first called De Neveu's Creek, which soon grew into its 
 present name. It is a small stream, very swift, and subject to damaging freshets. In the 
 spring, it is full of fish which run up from Lake Winnebago, into which it flows, in the town of 
 Fond du Lac. One of the branches turns the Empire Woolen Mills, and the old Conklin 
 flouring-mill, east of the city of Fond du Lac. 
 
 Silver Creek has its source in a spring which is the largest in Fond du Lac County, situ- 
 ated on the farm of Almon Osborn, in Section 2, in the town of Metomen, and in another 
 very large spring on M. Hargraves' farm on Section 1, in the town of Metomen. It flows to the 
 westward through the city of Ripon, where it makes a rapid descent and furnishes a strong, 
 though limited, water-power, into Green Lake. It turns, during a large portion of the year 
 Dellinger's and Bateman's flouring-mills, in the city of Ripon, and Strong's and Crawford's 
 mills, in the town of Ripon. 
 
 The town of Metomen has the honor of being the source of Rock and Grand Rivers and 
 Silver Creek. Rock River waters flow to the Gulf of Mexico, while the waters of the others, 
 although flowing at first in different directions, empty in Lake Michigan through Green Bay. A few 
 miles distant may be found the sources of the Fond du Lac and Milwaukee Rivers, which flow 
 in exactly opposite directions, but finally reach Lake Michigan. The large number of springs 
 in Fond du Lac County show precisely where the "water-shed" is located. 
 
 Springs. — The county of Fond du Lac, especially in the town of Metomen, and those in 
 which the "Ledge" is situated, is remarkable for the number and size of its springs, and the cool- 
 ness, deliciousness and purity of their waters. The most careful estimates place the number of 
 springs in the county at 2.000, the most of which flow from the Ledge. The largest is on 
 the farm of Almon Osborn, in Section 2, in the town of Metomen, it being the principal source 
 
322 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 of Silver Creek. In Section 1, in the town of Metomen, M. Hargraves is the owner of a 
 very large spring. The springs in Sections 16 and I'J, in the town of Metomen, make the 
 Grand River, and in Sections 3, 16 and 19, of Alto, make the Rock River. In Section 20, 
 in the town of Byron, at the camp-grounds, is a very large spring, and also on Fred M. Phelps' 
 farm, in Section 28, in the town of Empire, and on the firm of David Giddings, in the same 
 town. G. De Neveu has a large spring near De Neveu Lake. This lake is fed by four springs 
 of considerable size, one of great purity and beauty being on John S. McDonald's land on the 
 east shore of the lake, not more than a dozen feet from the water's edge, nor more than twenty 
 inches above its surface. In Section 5 of the town of Eden, Section 10 of Metomen, Section 4 
 of Osceola, and Sections 16 and 13 of Byron, are large springs which never run dry or dimin- 
 ish their flow. The Ledge road and the Green Bay and Taycheedah plank road are crossed 
 by water from hundreds of clear, cold springs, which, in some localities, occur every two or 
 three yards. 
 
 The Ledfie. — The Ledge, as it is popularly known, is an abrupt outcropping of the lime- 
 stone crust, which extends from the northeast to the southwest across the county, through the 
 towns of Calumet, Taycheedah, Empire, Byron and Oakfield. It consists of the elevated edge of 
 a thick layer of limestone, well broken and thoroughly marked by the erosion of the glacial 
 period, and varies from a small mound to a boM, per])endicular cliff two hundred feet in height. 
 It is remarkable for the thousands of clear, cold springs which gush from its cleft ftice from base 
 to summit. Lai-ge quantities of lime are burned from its loosened fragments, and stone for 
 buildings, cellars and bridges is obtained in any amount desired. In some localities, this Ledge 
 is shattered, and in others it is cracked into mighty blocks of stone, whose perpendicular seams 
 and rents are wide enough for the passage of a person or a horse. At a place called Darlings' 
 Gap, in the town of Oakfield, these features are particularly noticeable, many acres of land being 
 strewn with blocks of stone which reach to the tops of the tallest trees, and frequently above 
 them, and which in some instances stand out boldly and alone like the pyramids, as though 
 dropped from the clouds. That portion of the Ledge which is not thus broken into fragments, 
 is divided by innumerable but regular seams and pierced by fissures of large size. These seams 
 and fissures, and the caves and hollows which abound along its entire length, were, when the 
 country was first settled, the homes of foxes, lynxes, beai's, wild-cats and gray wolves, as well as 
 squirrels and snakes without number ; and such of these animals as are left in the country are 
 still to be found in the Ledge where they are safe from all assaults. The fat, sluggish snakes 
 known as the "prairie bulls," which infested the tall grass of the prairies before disturbed by 
 the settlers in great numbers, still abound in the recesses of the Ledge. 
 
 Back of Allen's Mill, in the town of Taycheedah, iron ore was found about the year 1870 
 in paying quantities, but nothing was done with the discovery, owing to a lack of means. The 
 iron is of the same quality as that found in large quantities at Iron Ridge, in Dodge County. 
 
 The Ledge is covered with butternut, hickory, basswood, three kinds of oak, a few beech 
 trees, and in Oakfield with red cedar. It is a remarkable and interesting physical feature, both 
 to the geologist, naturalist and pleasure seeker. 
 
 ''The ledge, or hilly and elevated land east of the plain," says a writer in 1846, "is 
 mostly owned by some of the first men in Wisconsin Territory, who have here some society 
 of their own, although located at quite respectable distances apart. Among them are the Hon. 
 N. P. Tallmadge, Gov. Doty, Henry Conklin, Mons. La Borde, a French gentleman, and 
 several others. The hill rises by a gentle slope, about 100 feet, and extends north and south 
 some twenty miles. All along its face are found, at short intervals, springs of the finest water, 
 from which the brooks give abundant water to the plains below. On the same ground, too, are 
 as handsome building sites as can be found anywhere, rivaling the best on the Hudson River, 
 and commanding views extending over the country for thirty miles around, and the waters of the 
 beautiful lake (Winnebago) as far as the eye can reach. Here are also plenty of splendid old 
 oaks thick enough to grace a gentleman's park or lawn in a style that would require a lifetime to 
 reach in the East. At the foot of the hill are some of the most beautiful ponds that I ever saw. 
 
HISTORY OF FOJs^D DU LAC COUNTY. 323 
 
 the water almost as transparent as the air itself, and literally alive with as fine pickerel, trout and 
 other fish, as ever an epicure laid his eyes on. I walked an entire forenoon, and rode most of 
 the afternoon over these charming grounds, and as I gazed at times, while standing in the shade 
 of majestic oaks, at the luxuriant grass, more than two feet high everywhere, the fine cultivated 
 fields, and the tiny lakes on the farms of Mons. La Borde and John Thompson, Esq., of Pough- 
 keepsie, it seemed as if a fairy land had actually been reached. 
 
 "At the east of the lands of the gentlemen named above, on the main road to Sheboygan, 
 are some half-dozen more Dutchess County farmers, located on farms of choicest quality, 
 proving what has often been proved before, that whei'e farmers from Dutchess County settle, you 
 can always depend upon finding a first-rate country. On the premises of Mr. Conklin is a 
 large and well-cultivated garden, in which I saw onions that in size and quality would bring 
 tears to the eyes of a Weathersfield Yankee, and his other vegetables came almost up to the 
 extravagant Western stories we see in the papers now and then. Among other things, I was 
 shown a mullein eight and one-half feet high." 
 
 Blarghes. — In the popular sense of the term, the county contains but very few marshes. 
 A marsh is really composed of low, wet land which is -unfit for cultivation or use. Fond du Lac 
 County contains no such, for all are used either as pastures or meadows. They consist of flat 
 lands which are overflowed in spring and fall, but are genei-ally dry enough in summer to admit 
 of being worked upon with mowing machines, hay-tedders and wagons. The annual over- 
 flow adds greatly to the productiveness of these marshes, and the hay crops taken from some 
 of them ai-e truly astonishing. Two crops a year ai'e cut when the fall rains do not begin too 
 early. The usual mode of procedure is to stack the hay in dry weather, on the highest por- 
 tions of the marsh, and haul it ofi' on the ice in winter. For pasturing horses and cattle, the 
 hay marshes of Fond du Lac County are unsurpassed. But they are not usually adapted tothe 
 keeping of sheep, being too damp and cold, nor for dairy purposes, as the grass does not pro- 
 duce as rich or abundant flow of milk as tame grasses. For horses and young stock, they are of 
 peculiar value, as the latter grow sleek and thrifty upon it, while horses troubled with heaves or 
 pulmonary diseases, are generally cured by grazing one or two seasons upon marsh grass. 
 
 These marshes are to be found in every town in the county, but they are usually small and 
 more than one-half of them have been reclaimed by the drain and plow. The largest one 
 of them is called the "Eldorado Marsh," and is mostly within the town of Eldorado. It is cut 
 in twain by the West Branch of the Fond du Lac River, and is all in use as pasture or meadow- 
 land, mostly the latter. The next in size is the Lamartine Peat Marsh, situated in the town of 
 Lamartine. It takes its name from large quantities of peat which underlie its surface. A 
 company was formed in Fond du Lac for the manufacture — that is, digging and drying — of peat, 
 but the enterprise was long since abandoned. 
 
 As the country grows older, these marshes are more and more encroached upon by the 
 plow and seeder, and those which have been drained,as all will ultimately be, are very productive. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 Ancient Earth Works— Indian Occupancy— Early French Traders— United States Land 
 Surveys— United States Land Districts— Fond du Lac Company— Origin of the Name 
 Fond du Lac— An Early Trip to the Head of Winnebago Lake — First Settlement 
 IN Fond du Lac Coi'nty. 
 
 ancient earthworks. 
 
 Within the boundaries of Fond du Lac County are found many notable and interesting evi- 
 dences of prehistoric occupation and existence. The geographical position of the county is such 
 as to intimately associate it with some of the important chains or series of earthworks that are 
 found extending along most of the favorable routes for primitive transportation between the 
 great lakes and the Mississippi Rivej'. 
 
 The county in this regard seems to confirm the generally accepted theory that primitive 
 man or the Mound-Builders, whoever they were, existed in greatest numbers along the borders 
 of lakes and rivers ; and the more prominent these bodies of water and the position occupied 
 appear, with relation to the great problems of transportation and subsistence, the more important 
 and numerous are these ancient artificial works. 
 
 The importance of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers and their navigable tributaries has been 
 recognized by all nations and tribes that have a written or traditional history, and the numerous 
 evidences of a prehistoric character, found along their entire course, would seem to warrant a 
 conclusion that these rivers have furnished a medium for transportation from the days of primitive 
 man's unrecorded existence down to the present time. 
 
 In this great thoroughfare of ancient and modern times. Lake Winnebago occupies a central 
 and important position, and to this circumstance the county is, no doubt, chiefly indebted for the 
 numerous and interesting historic and prehistoric evidences within its limits. 
 
 The situation of the mounds (many of them) seems to establish a belief that the observation 
 since the settlement of the county by the whites, with relation to the gradual diminution in 
 volume of the lakes and rivers, is not exceptional as to the present, but that this decrease has 
 been continuous from the time the mounds were erected ; and, with relation to the importance 
 of some of the streams associated with the Mound-Builders, their present condition would not 
 justify conclusions that are consistent with former proportions. 
 
 Not only is it certain that there has been a notable decrease in the volume of all existing 
 bodies of water, but in some instances appearances would indicate that even quite large lakes 
 have entirely disappeared, and that some of the works of the Mound-Builders now stranded on 
 an inland hillside, at the time of their construction marked the water-line of their primitive 
 proportions. 
 
 With these inferences confirmed, we are aided in an explanation as to the peculiar location 
 of a large number of notable inland formations. As an example, we find a chain of mounds 
 extending from Lake Winnebago in the town of Taycheedah to the head-waters of the Sheboy- 
 gan River in the town of Marshfield, and thence along down the entire course of the river to 
 Lake Michigan. 
 
 There would seem to be little doubt that these earthworks marked the most feasible route 
 between the points mentioned, provided the river was a navigable stream. The records of the 
 voyagers and explorers seem to confirm this, as they mention a portage from Lake Winnebago 
 to the Sheboygan River, and thence down the same to Lake Michigan. 
 
 Another similar instance is found in the line of mounds extending from Lake Winnebago 
 along the West Branch of the Fond du Lac River to the town of Lamartine, and thence across a 
 

 ^-fc^. 
 
 FON D DU LAC 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 327 
 
 portion of the town of Waupun to the head-waters of the Rock River. This route, also, was 
 available at the time of the explorers of two hundred years ago, although, at the present time, the 
 streams mentioned are quite insignificant in their proportions. 
 
 The advantages of these routes are quite apparent when examined with relation to canoe 
 voyaging or other primitive means of transportation. 
 
 A detailed reference to the numerous works of the Mound-Builders found in the county 
 would extend this article far beyond its prescribed limit. In general terms, therefore, we must 
 group all found in large areas together, only specifically mentioning one or two notable formations. 
 
 As usual in these formations, spherical works, numerically considered, occupy the leading 
 position, while the irregular works rank first in size and importance, and would require special 
 drawings and explanations to render a description valuable or intelligent. 
 
 In addition to the prominent series referred to, extending eastward and .southward from 
 Lake Winnebago, there are portions of other series found in the northwestern part of the county 
 in the vicinity of Rush Lake that are quite peculiar and interesting, and include animal and 
 reptile imitations of large proportions. 
 
 In the southeastern portion of the county also, near Long Lake, quite extensive works are 
 still traceable, and along the shore and vicinity of Lake Winnebago, in the northeastern part of 
 the county, mounds are found in all directions. ' 
 
 In some of the mounds examined are found, near the surface, relics of Indian origin, such 
 as flint arrowheads, beads, etc., while farther below, and always near the base line, come the stone 
 implements and the remnants of human bones that crumble into dust as soon as brought to the 
 surface. 
 
 Stone and flint implements are found in various portions of the county. Relics of a 
 modern character, evidently associated with the earliest days of civilized communications, such 
 as coins, medals, weiglits, bottles, etc., have been found, and would furnish materials for an 
 interesting chapter in the county records. Much as might be written of the interesting features 
 of the earthworks, the crowning wealth of Fond du Lac County is the harvest of native-copper • 
 implements that has already been gathered within its bordex's, as this county may justly claim 
 pre-eminence in the number and variety of these rare and valuable relics. There have been 
 gathered in the county over forty pieces, and they include all, or nearly all, the varieties yet dis- 
 covered. From one mound alone no less than twenty-six copper tools and ornaments have been 
 taken, and these, in addition to a number of other pieces, have been collected in a private way by 
 a citizen of the county who has, with one exception, brought together more of these relics than 
 have been secured by the most enthusiastic collectors or prominent societies. In richness and 
 variety, these specimens are unrivaled, as they include lance, spear and arrow heads, gouges, 
 chisels and axes, fleshers, knives and needles, together with some quite unique personal orna- 
 ments that are found in no other collection. Concerning the origin of these native-copper tools 
 much is left to conjecture. They have been found side by side with the stone and flint imple- 
 ments in the shallow grave of the Indian warrior, among skeletons in a good state of preservation, 
 and forest trees of centuries' growth have reared their branches over the massive earthworks 
 where the crumbling remains of the mysterious race of builders have been enshrined with native- 
 copper tools and ornaments through the ages of unrecorded existence. 
 
 INDIAN OCCUPANCY. 
 
 As early as the year 161.5, Samuel Champlain heard of a tribe of Indians living many 
 leagues beyond Lake Huron, called the Five Nations, better known at a later date as the Mas- 
 coutins. Their homes were upon the Fox River at that time, as it is believed, and here they 
 were visited by civilized men a little over half a century after. It is presumed that their vil- 
 lages were located within the present limits of Green Lake County, somewhere on Fox River 
 between Berlin and Lake Puckaway, and that they claimed as their hunting-grounds, among 
 much other territory, that now included within the boundary lines of the county of Fond du 
 Lac. The nearest tribe to the Mascoutins down the river was that of the Winnebagoes, whose 
 
 B 
 
328 HISTORY OF FOND Dl^ LAC COUNTY. 
 
 homes were at the mouth of that stream. To the south, extending perhaps well up Rock 
 River, was the territory of the Illinois. In the immediate neighborhood of the Mascoutins (but 
 in what direction is uncertain) were the Kickapoos and the Miamis. The former is supposed to 
 have at one time occupied the region around the head of the lake. 
 
 The Illinois, who lived in a country "where there was a quantity of buffaloes," were 
 afterward driven beyond the Mississippi, but subsequently returned to the river which still 
 bears their name. Meanwhile, there commenced an emigration of the Mascoutins and their 
 kindred, the Kickapoos and Miamis, to the southward, as far at least as the south end of Lake 
 Michigan. Their place was taken by the Foxes and their relatives, the Sacs, and, in time, 
 these also emigrated, but not to the southward ; the course taken by them was to the west and 
 southwest. It is certain the Foxes claimed for a time the country now forming Fond du Lac 
 County, as well as much other circumjacent territory. Then came the Winnebagoes from 
 below, that is, from the head of Green Bay, moving up the Fox River by degrees, having out- 
 lying villages within the present limits of Fond du Lac County and in the valley of Rock 
 River. The Menomonees also occupied the Winnebago Lake country. Their territory was on 
 the east side of the lake, but did not extend very far south. The southeast portion of the 
 present county of Fond du Lac lay within territory claimed by the Pottawatomies, whose 
 homes were principally upon Lake Michigan. A small part of the county was ceded to the 
 United States by the Menomonees ; a much larger portion, however, was comprised in the lands 
 sold bv the Winnebagoes in 1832. The residue was included in the Pottawatomie cession 
 of 1833. 
 
 In 1828, the Winnebago nation occupied the country immediately in the vicinity of the 
 pi'esent city of Fond du Lac, and along the west shore of Lake Winnebago to what is now the 
 city of Menasha. They then had large villages on each branch of the Fond du Lac River just 
 above the forks. They also had a village at the mouth of the creek on the east side of the 
 lake, above Taycheedah. The Menomonee village of Calumet (''Pipe Village"), even as early 
 as 1817, seemed to be anything but of recent origin. Its location was not identical with the 
 village of the same name in the present town of Calumet. Tlie exact time when these three 
 villages were finally vacated by their Indian occupants is not known with certainty, though in 
 1884 they were found by the Government surveyors unoccupied. 
 
 EARLY FRENCH TRADERS. 
 
 Frenchmen from Canada, trading with the Indians, were early visitors to what is now Fond 
 du Lac County. The name Fond du Lac was applied by them as the remotest point in the lake 
 from Green Bay. There was a trading-post established in 1787, at the forks of the Fond du Lac 
 River, by Jacob Franks, of Green Bay. It was occupied by Jac(jues Peltier, Franks' clerk, for a 
 brief period. Franks, in 1791, sent his nephew, John Lawe, to this point. Augustin Grignon 
 subsequently had a trading-post on the West Branch, just below the first rapid, and very near 
 the spot where are now the shops of the Chicago & North- Western Railway, in the city of Fond 
 du Lac. Peter B. Grignon, now a venerable resident of Green Bay. and a nephew of Augustin 
 Grignon, passed one winter on the West Branch, just below First street, about 1819. The cel- 
 lar of his shanty, partially overgrown by willows, could be seen when the village was finally 
 settled. It was situated not far from the La Belle Wagon Works blacksmith-shop, between For- 
 est and West Division streets. It seems, also, that at the Winnebago village, near where 
 Taycheedah now is located, white men were at times located for the purpose of trading with the 
 Indians. At this point, the Menomonees, Pottawatomies, and other tribes, came to traffic with 
 the Frenchmen. Laurent Ducharme was one of the earlier traders here. A Spaniard by the 
 name of Ace traded at this place a little later. Ace and his clerk were enticed a shert distance 
 from his house, by some Indians of the Rock River band, and murdered. The Indians then 
 endeavored to enter the house, but the wife of Ace, with a gun, kept them at bay until assist- 
 ance arrived from the friendly Indians of the Taycheedah Village, when she was conveyed to 
 Green Bay with her family and goods. Soon afterward, a Canadian trader by the name of 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 32!t 
 
 Chavodreuil, selected the post for his wintei* quarters, and engaged a ^lenomonee hunter to 
 supply him and his men with meat. This Indian, who lived with his wife in a wigwam near by, 
 becoming jealous of the trader, shot and killed him. Michael Brisbois and Joseph Rolette, of 
 Prairie du Chien, were occasionally at this point trading during the early part of the present 
 century. The white traders would sometimes ascend the Fond du Lac River, with canoes laden 
 with goods, and thence make a "portage " of about two miles to Rock River, descending that 
 stream to the Mississippi. This was not the route usually taken, but it brought them to Indian 
 villages they could not otherwise reach. 
 
 " John Lawe * * * ^^^ ^^ native of York, England. His father was a 
 
 captain in the English army, and his mother an English Jewess, a sister of Jacob Franks, who 
 had come to Green Bay as early as 1795, as a clerk in the trading establishment of Oglevie, 
 Gillaspie & Co., of Mackinaw, who had a store at Green Bay. John Lawe was educated at 
 Quebec, and Joseph Rolette, so well known as a trader and early settler at Prairie du Chien. 
 was one of his schoolmates. When his uncle, Mr. Franks, had been about three years with 
 Oglevie, Gillaspie & Co., he ceased serving as clerk, and went to Canada and obtained a stock 
 of goods. He returned to the bay and opened a store, bringing his nephew, John Lawe, with 
 him, then a young man of sixteen years. This was in the summer of 1797. 
 
 "Lawe engaged in his uncle's employ, and the following winter was sent with a supply of 
 Indian goods, accompanied by Louis Bauprez, to Fond du Lac River, which was then known 
 among the French and traders by that name, and took possession of the old trading-post, about 
 a mile and a half above the mouth of that stream, on its eastern bank. This had been a winter 
 trading-post for many years. Laurent Ducharme, who one year caught a large number of ducks 
 there by means of a net, salting and preserving them for winter's use, was about the earliest 
 trader at that point ; then one Ace, a Spaniard, and, subsequently, one Chavodreuil ; and still 
 later, Michael Brisbois and I wintered there two winters. 
 
 " The Indians, whose trade was there sought, were the Winnebagoes, who had a village 
 where Taycheedah now is, three miles east of Fond du Lac City, and had other villages along 
 Rock River. Mr. Lawe afterwards spent several winters at different points among the 
 Indian hunting bands between Green Bay and the Mississippi, and up to the time when his 
 uncle left the country and went back to Canada, which was about the commencement of the war 
 of 1812, leaving Mr. Lawe as his successor as a merchant and trader: and he continued more 
 or less in the Indian trade as long as he lived." — Seventy-two Tears' Recollections of Wisconsin. 
 By Augustin Grignon. 
 
 None of the trading-stations at the villages near the head of the lake can be considered as 
 having been settlements. The houses of the white men were only built for tempoi'ary purposes — 
 to traffic in with the Indians. Nor was either of the villages continuously occupied by the white 
 traders. Sometimes, indeed, they carried their packs of merchandise upon their backs from 
 Green Bay. Solomon -Juneau would occasionally leave his home where the city of Milwaukee now 
 stands, with eighty pounds weight upon his back, going to Sheboygan, and thence to Lake 
 Winnebago, returning by the way of the villages at the head of the lake. This primitive mode 
 of transportation has been improved upon between those points since that day. 
 
 UNITED STATES LAND SURVEYS. 
 
 Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and after the acquisition by the United 
 States of the Indian title to all the land west of Lake Michigan, a survey was commenced by 
 the General Government. The northern boundary of Illinois, which was fixed April 11, 1818, 
 on the line of 42° 30' north latitude, was made the base line of the surveys. A principal north 
 and south line (known as the Fourth Meridian) was run, extending from the base line to Lake 
 Superior. This line is west of the territory now included in Fond du Lac County ; running on 
 the east boundary of what is now the county of Grant, and on the west boundary of La Fayette 
 and Iowa Counties, and thence onward due north at a distance west of the west boundary of Fond 
 du Lac County of seventy-two miles; striking Lake Superior near the mouth of Montrenl River, 
 on the east boundary line of Wisconsin and at the most westerly point of the State of Michigan. 
 
530 
 
 HISTORY OF FOXD DV LxVC COUNTY. 
 
 Parallel lines to the Fourth Meridian were run every six miles on the east and west sides of 
 it. The interveninif six miles between these lines are called ranges. Range 1 east is the first six 
 miles east of the Fourth Meridian ; Range 2 east is the second six miles ; and so on to Lake 
 Michigan — Fond du Lac County lying in Ranges 1-1, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 east. Parallel 
 lines north of the base line were run every six miles, which, crossing the ranges at right angles, 
 cut the whole into blocks six miles. square called townships. These are numbered by tiers going 
 north from the base line, as Townships 1 north, Townships 2 north, and so on. As the present 
 most southern boundary of Fond du Lac County is at a distance of seventy-two miles north of 
 the base line — or twelve townships — of course the first tier of townships in the county is num- 
 bered 13 north, and as there are five tiers they are numbered consecutively, 13, 14, 1-5, 16 and 
 17 north. But, these tiers are not all full; for, in the southern tier (Townships 13 north), there 
 are only two townships — one in Range 18 east, and one in Range 19 east ; and in the northern 
 tier (Townships 17 north), there are only two fractional townships — one in Range 18 east, and 
 one in Range 19 east. 
 
 After the completion of the survey of a township, it was subdivided into sections and quar- 
 ter-sections. The following is a history of the survey of the county, including township lines 
 and the subdivisions of townships : 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 By Whom Surveyed. 
 
 Date of Contract. 
 
 When Sorveyed. 
 
 f July 9, 1833 Ist quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 \ August 17, 18: 
 .iDecember 22, 1834, 
 
 MuUett & Brink. 
 
 December 22, 1834. 
 
 July 9, 1833 , 
 
 September 4, 1833. 
 
 1st 
 2d 
 
 2d 
 4th 
 
 TiiwxsHiP 13, RAXiiE IS East (Ashford) : 
 
 Township Lines MuUett & Brink 
 
 Subdivisions Hiram Burnham 
 
 Tiiwxsmi" 13, Raxoe 19 East (Auburn) : 
 
 Township Lines i.\hiUett& Brink Ijuly 9. 1333 
 
 Subdivisions |Hiram Burnham 
 
 TowNSUip 14, FiAXGE 14 East (Alto) : 
 
 'I'ownsliip Lines Mullett& Brink. 
 
 Subdivisions 'john Brink 
 
 Towxsuii' 14. RiNOE l.'> East (Waupun) : 
 
 Township Lines MuUett & Brink. 
 
 Subdivisions :A. G. Ellis 
 
 Towxsuip 14, RANfiE 10 East (Oakfield) : 
 
 Township Lines 
 
 Subdivisions 
 
 Township 14. Rance 17 East (Byron) : | [ 
 
 Township Lines 'MuUett & Brink -, ', ^ ' 1 ^ .."iq-V,-"' 
 
 ^ I l .August 1 / , 183.J... 
 
 Subdivisions Hiram Burnham December 22, 1834...!3d 
 
 Township 14, Ranoe 18 East (Eden) : j 
 
 „,,.,. kr n ,t t n ■ 1 ' ( -luly 9, 18.33 
 
 Township Lines .MuUett & Brink ^ , •' ,,_ tq.-,,!, 
 
 ^ ( .\ugust 17, lo3.5... 
 
 Subdivisions iHiram Burnham December 22, 1834... 
 
 Township 14, Range 19 East (Osceola) : I : 
 
 Township Lines MuUett.^ Brink '.July 9, 183.3 
 
 Subdivisions 'Hiram Burnham IDecember 22, 1834... 
 
 Township 1.5, Range 14 East (Metomen) : j 
 
 Township Lines Mullett & Brink July 9, 1833 
 
 Subdivisions John Brink September 4, 1834... 
 
 Township 15, Range 1.5 East (Springvale) : 
 
 Township Lines Mullett& Brink 'July 9, 1833, 
 
 I N.&W.J'lv 29,1833 3d 
 \E its. Aug. 17, 183.5 1st 
 December 26, 1835...!4th 
 
 ( N.&E.J'ly 29,1833 2d 
 (S.&W.Aug.l7,1835'lst 
 
 A. G. Ellis 'December 2(3, 1835... 
 
 Subdivisions. 
 Township 15, R.4.nge 16 East (Lamartine) : 
 
 Township Lines 
 
 Sul>divisions 
 
 Township 15, Range 17 East (Fond du Lac) 
 Townsldp Lines.. 
 
 John Brink iSeptember 4, 1834.. 
 
 4th 
 
 1st 
 2d 
 2d 
 
 1st 
 2d 
 
 2d 
 4th 
 
 Mullett & Brink '.July 9, 183.3 
 
 John Brink 'September 4, 1834... 
 
 Mullett & Brink July 9, 1833.. 
 
 Subdivisions ;N. ICiug [August 22, 1834., 
 
 2d 
 4th 
 
 2J 
 4th 
 
 1st 
 
 !2d 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter. 
 
 1834. 
 183.5. 
 1835. 
 
 1834. 
 1835. 
 
 1834. 
 1834. 
 
 1834. 
 18311. 
 1830. 
 
 1834. 
 1836. 
 1836. 
 
 1834. 
 
 183.5. 
 1835. 
 
 1834. 
 1835. 
 1835. 
 
 1834. 
 1835. 
 
 1834. 
 1834. 
 
 18.34. 
 1834. 
 
 1834. 
 1834. 
 
 1834. 
 1835. 
 
HISTOEY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 331 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 TowNSHir 1."), Ranoe 18 East (Emph-e and .south part 
 of Tayclieedahl : 
 
 Township Lines 
 
 Subdivisions 
 
 Township 15. Ra.nge 19 East (Forest) ; 
 
 Township Lines 
 
 Subdivisions 
 
 Township 16, Raxge 14 East (Ripon) : 
 
 Township Lines '. 
 
 Subdivisions 
 
 Township 16, Range 15 East ^Rosendale) : 
 
 Township Lines 
 
 Subdivisions 
 
 Township 16, Range 16 East (Ehlorado) : 
 
 Township Lines 
 
 Subdivisions 
 
 Township 16, Range IT East (Friendship) : 
 
 Township Lines 
 
 Subdivisions 
 
 Township 16, Range 18 East (Taycheedah and part 
 of Calumet) : 
 
 Township Lines 
 
 Subdivisions 
 
 Township 10, Range 19 East (Marshfield) : 
 
 Township Lines 
 
 Subdivisions 
 
 Township 17, Range 18 East (West part of Calumet): 
 
 Township Lines 
 
 Subdivisions 
 
 Township 17, Range 19 East (East part of Calumet) : 
 
 Township Lines 
 
 Subdivisions 
 
 By 'Whom Surveyed. 
 
 Mullett& Brink. 
 N. King 
 
 Mullett & Brink. 
 N. King 
 
 Mullett & Brink. 
 John Brink 
 
 Mullett & Brink. 
 .John Brink 
 
 Date of Contract. 
 
 .luly 9, 183.3 
 
 August 22, 1834 
 
 July 9, 1833 
 
 .\ugust 22, 1834 
 
 July 9, 18.33 
 
 September 4, 1834... 
 
 July 9, 1833 
 
 September 4, 1834.., 
 
 When Surveyed. 
 
 Mullett ,S; Brink .luly 9, 183-^ 
 
 John Brink ^September 4, 1834... 
 
 1 
 
 Mullett & Brink Ijuly 9, 1833 
 
 John Brink September 4, 1834... 
 
 Mullett & Brink July 9, 1833 1st 
 
 N. King August 22, 1834 !2d 
 
 .Mullett & Brink July 9, 183.3 
 
 N. King |August22, 1834 
 
 Mullett & Brink .Tuly 9, 1833 
 
 A. G. Ellis ^August 22, 1834 
 
 Mullett & Brink .July 9, 1833 2d quarter. 
 
 A. G. Ellis [August 22, 1834 J4th quarter, 
 
 1st 
 2d 
 
 2d 
 4th 
 
 2d 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 ijuarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter. 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter. 
 
 quarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 <|uarter, 
 quarter, 
 
 quarter. 
 
 quarter, 
 
 1834. 
 lK3o. 
 
 1834. 
 183.5. 
 
 1834. 
 1834. 
 
 1834. 
 1834. 
 
 1834. 
 1835. 
 
 1834. 
 1835. 
 
 1834. 
 1835. 
 
 1834. 
 1835. 
 
 1834. 
 1834. 
 
 1834. 
 1834. 
 
 The towns of Fond du Lac each contain surveyed territory described by the Government 
 survey as follows : 
 
 Towns. Townsliips North. Ranges East. 
 
 .ilto 14 14 
 
 Ashford 13 18 
 
 Auburn 13 19 
 
 Byron 14 IT 
 
 ( 16 (including only Sees. 1, 2, 3 and 4). .18 
 Calumet } 17 (fractional) 18 
 
 I, IT I fractional 1 19 
 
 Eden 14... 18 
 
 Eldorado 16 16 
 
 Empire 15 (except Sees. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). ..18 
 
 Fond du Lac 15 (slightly fractional) 17 
 
 Forest 15.1 19 
 
 Friendship 16 (fractional — lying west of Winne- 
 bago Lake) IT 
 
 Towns. Townships North. Ranges East. 
 
 Lam.artine 15 16 
 
 Marshtield 16 19 
 
 Metomen 15 14 
 
 Oakfield 14 16 
 
 Osceola 14 19 
 
 Ripon 16 14 
 
 Rosendale 16 15 
 
 Springvale 15 15 
 
 f 16 (except Sees. 1. 2, 3 and 4. The 
 
 township is fractional) 18 
 
 15 (including only north tier of sec- 
 
 I tions IS 
 
 Waupun 14 li 
 
 Taycheedah . . . - 
 
 NUMBER OF .ACRES IN EACH TOWNSHIP ACCORDING TO THE GOVERNMENT SURVEY. 
 
 Tow 
 
 T. 13 N. 
 T. 13 N. 
 T. 14 N. 
 T. 14 N. 
 T. 14 N. 
 T. 14 N. 
 T. 14 N. 
 T. 14 N. 
 T. 15 N. 
 T. 15 N. 
 T. 15 N. 
 
 nships. 
 , R. 18 
 , R. 19 
 , R. 14 
 , R. 15 
 , R. 16 
 , R. IT 
 , R. 18 
 , R. 19 
 , R. 14 
 , R. 15 
 , R. 16 
 
 east.. 
 
 east, 
 east, 
 east., 
 east, 
 east., 
 east., 
 east., 
 east., 
 east., 
 east.. 
 
 ..23 
 ..22, 
 ..23 
 .23 
 ..23 
 
 ..23 
 .22 
 .2.3 
 .23 
 !23 
 
 .^cres. 
 
 096. 
 ,901. 
 ,153. 
 
 212. 
 ,514. 
 
 112. 
 
 144, 
 ,.547. 
 
 038 
 
 155 
 ,249, 
 
 Townships. Acres. 
 
 T. 15 N., R. 17 east 22,751.54 
 
 T. 15 N.. R. 18 east 23,129.92 
 
 T. 15 N., R. 19 east 22.T.30.68 
 
 T. 16 N., R. 14 east 22,969.90 
 
 T. 16 N., R. 15 east 23,0.36.07 
 
 T. 16 N., R. 16 east 23,134 04 
 
 T. 16 N., R. IT east 12.190.61 
 
 T. 16 N., B. 18 east 1S,.324.15 
 
 T. 16 N., R. 19 cast 23,054.-57 
 
 T. IT N., R. 18 east 4.T42.13 
 
 T. IT N., R. 19 east 12,09T-2ii 
 
332 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 NUMBER OF ACRES IN EACH TOWN IN FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Towns. Acres. 
 
 MarshfieKl 23,054.57 
 
 Metomen 23,038.99 
 
 OakfieUl 23,514.28 
 
 Osceola 22,.547.99 
 
 Ripon I including the city) 22,959.90 
 
 Ro'senaiile 23,036.07 
 
 Spriiigvale 23,155.98 
 
 Taycheeilah 19,813.86 
 
 Waupun (inclufling North Wanl of ciiy) 23,212.26 
 
 Total 402,289.18 
 
 Towus. Acres. 
 
 Alto 23,1.53.31 
 
 Ashford 23,096.97 
 
 Auburn 22.901.99 
 
 Byron 23,112.67 
 
 Calumet 19,146.91 
 
 Eden 23,144.40 
 
 Eldorado 23,134.04 
 
 Empire 19,348.12 
 
 Fond du Lac (including the city) 22,751.54 
 
 Forest 22,730.08 
 
 Friendship 12,175.13 
 
 Lamartine 23,249.52 
 
 This would make an average to each of the twenty-one towns in the county of 22,013.77 
 acres. A full township contains 36 sections of 6J:0 acres each, or 23,040 acres. Ten towns 
 overrun that number and eleven ftvll below it. 
 
 The towns of Ashford, Auburn, Alto, AVaupun, Oakfield, Byron, Eden, Osceola, Metomen, 
 Springvale, Lamartine, Fond du Lac, Forest, Ripon, Rosendale, Eldorado and Marshfield are 
 each co-extensive with a township, as surveyed by the (xeneral Government. In this list also 
 would be included the town of Friendship, were it not that a small fraction of fifteen and forty- 
 eight hundredths acres, in the southeast corner (on the south side of Lake Winnebago), is 
 excluded and assessed for taxation in the town of Taycheedah. This fraction must, therefore, 
 be subtracted from the 12,190.61 acres, and the remainder — 12,175.13 acres — is the exact 
 number in the town of Friendship. 
 
 The town of Fond du Lac (including the city of Fond du Lac) is identical with the original 
 surveyed Township 15 north, of Range 17 east. This township is slightly fractional, caused by 
 a small portion being covered by the water of Lake Winnebago, the shores of which are 
 meandered. 
 
 The town of Empire is identical in its territory with Township 15 north, of Range 18 east, 
 except that the north tier of sections, containing 3,781y\j'-5- acres, is excluded and forms a part 
 of Taycheedah. This reduces the actual number of acres from 23,129.92 to 19,348.12. 
 
 The town of Taycheedah includes the tier of sections which are lost to Empire ; also the 
 whole of fractional Township 16 north, of Range 18 east, excepting therefrom the north tier of 
 sections, which go to the town of Calumet. By subtracting 2,307.57 acres, forming this tier, 
 from 18,324.15 acres — the whole number in fractional Township 16 north, of Range 18 east — 
 and adding thereto 3,781.80 acres, forming the first-mentioned tier, and we have, as the result, 
 for the tov.'n of Taycheedah, 19,798.38 acres. To this must be added the small fraction of 
 15.48 acres in the southeast corner of Township 16 north, of Range 17 east, making a total of 
 19,813.86 acres. 
 
 The town of Calumet is formed of fractional Townships 17 north, of Ranges 18 and 19 
 east, and the tier of sections on the north side of fractional Township 16 north, of Range 18 
 east, lost to Taycheedah. In this tier of sections there are 2,307.56 acres ; in fractional Town- 
 ship 17 north, of Range 18 east, 4,742.13 acres; and in fractional Township 17 north, of 
 Range 19 east, 12,097.22 acres, aggregating in the town of Calumet 19,146.91 acres. 
 
 It will be observed that, while there are in Fond du Lac County twenty-two townships 
 (four of which are fractional), there are but twenty-one towns. 
 
 Lake Winnebago, having its shores meandered in Townships 15 north, of Range 17 east 
 (town of Fond du Lac) ; also in 16 north, of Range 17 east (town of Friendship) ; in 16 north, 
 of Range 18 east (towns of Taycheedah and Calumet) ; and in 17 north, of Range 18 east 
 (town of Calumet). The land in those townships covered by its waters was not surveyed by the 
 United States. 
 
 The land covered by the waters of " Crooked Lake," now known as "Fifteen Lake," in 
 Township 13 north, of Range 19 east (town of Auburn) ; that covered by the waters of " Long 
 Lake," in Township 14 north, of Range 19 east (town of Osceola); that covered by the waters 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 333 
 
 of "Little Sheboygan Lake," now called Mullet Lake, in Township 15 north, of Range 19 east 
 (town of Forest), and that covered by the waters of "Rush Lake," in Township 16 north, of 
 Range 14 east (town of Ripon), was, also, not surveyed by the Government Surveyors, the shores 
 of these lakes being meandered, as were those of Lake Winnebago. 
 
 UNITED STATES LAND DISTRICTS. 
 
 By the end of 1833, a large amount of the public land in what is now Southern and East^ 
 em Wisconsin had been surveyed, and the fact being duly reported by the Surveyor General, 
 Congress, by an act approved June 26, 1834, created two land districts. They embraced all 
 that tract north of the State of Illinois, west of Lake Michigan, south and southeast of the Wis- 
 consin and Fox Rivers, included in the then Territory of Michigan. It was divided by a north 
 and south line, drawn from the northern boundary of Illinois, between Ranges 8 and 9, to the 
 Wisconsin River. All east of that line was called the Green 15ay Land District ; all west, the 
 Wisconsin Land District. Within the first-mentioned district was included the whole of the 
 present county of Fond du Lac. A Land Office of this Eastern District was established at 
 Green Bay, which was duly opened by the Government, and ft notice given of a public sale of 
 all the then surveyed public lands lying therein. In accordance with this announcement a sale 
 took place at Green Bay in 1835. Lands not disposed of at that sale were thereafter open to 
 private entry at the Land Office in Green Bay. Most of the land in the county was there 
 obtained from the General Government at $1.25 an acre by early settlers and speculators. 
 
 FOND DU LAC COMPANY. 
 
 Prominent citizens of Green Bay wei-e the first to give an impetus to the settlement of what 
 is now the county of Fond du Lac, by forming, in November, 1835, a joint-stock association or 
 company, organized for the purpose of buying and selling real estate at or near the head of Lake 
 Winnebago, in what was then Brown County, Wisconsin Territory. The first action taken was 
 the drawing-up of Articles of Association and the signing of them by the parties interested. The 
 names of these parties with the number of shares taken by each — a share being $100, were : J. 
 D. Doty, 46 shares ; Joshua Hathaway, 12 shai-es ; John P. Arndt, 40 shares; George Mc- 
 Williams, 20 shares; R. E. Clarey, 10 shares; R. B. Marcy, 4 shares; F. F. Hamilton, 35 
 shares; David Ward, 3 shares: Brush, Rees & Co., 6 shares; C. C. Sibley, 12 shares; William 
 Brown, 64 shares; Henry S. Baird, 3 shares; M. E. Merrill, 10 shares; R. S. Satterlee, 20 
 shares : Silas Stedman, 10 shares ; Samuel Ryan, 7 shares ; Alexander J. Irwin, 4 shares ; D. 
 Jones, 15 shares ; W. Alexander, 4 shares ; E. Childs, 14 shares, and M. Scott, 3 shares. 
 
 By the 1st day of January, 1836, the Company had become the owners of 3,705 acres of 
 land, in what are now the city and town of Fond du Lac, in the present county of Fond du Lac. 
 At that date, the officers — and they were the first ones of the association — were James Duane 
 Doty, President ; David Jones, George McWilliams, F. F. Hamilton and W. H. Bruce, Direct- 
 ors. They had already laid out a village — it was surveyed in November, 1835, by A. G. Ellis 
 — which received the name of " The Town of Fond du Lac." The village plat, after having 
 the east tier of blocks added by Doty in New York City, whither he had gone to have it litho- 
 graphed, was acknowledged, before a notai-y, " to be a true plat," August 22, 1836, and recorded, 
 the next day, in the Register's office of Brown County. It included territory bounded on the 
 north by the north line of the southeast (juarter of Section 3, in Township 15 north, of Range 
 17 east, and by Winnebago Lake ; on the east by the present Araory street in the city of Fond 
 du Lac ; on the south by what is now Merrill street, of the city, and on the west by a line drawn 
 north and south about eight hundred feet west of Fond du Lac River, and by the north and 
 south quarter line of the before-mentioned Section 3 ; that is to say, it embraces nearly the 
 whole of the north three-quarters of Section 10, in the township and range just mentioned, and 
 nearly all of the east half of the said Section 3. The territory lies immediately north of the 
 heart of the city, and is wholly included within its limits. 
 
334 HISTORY OF FOJ^^D DU LAO COUNTY. 
 
 This plat of what was expected to be, in the near future, a city, after being lithographed, 
 was extensively circulated ; though, when the ground was surveyed into blocks and lots, there 
 was not a house in what is now Fond du Lac County. The outside world was notified, in a 
 brief paragraph on the plat, that " Winnebaygo Lake is thirty miles long and ten miles wide." 
 " The town," it was declared, " is fifty-eight miles south-southwest from Green Bay ; thirty-three 
 miles from the bank of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of Sheboygan River ; fifty-four miles from 
 Fort Winnebaygo, and fourteen miles from Rock River." In the spring of 183(j, the Company 
 began the building of a house on Lot 9, Block 9, in their "town," on the east side of 
 Brooke street ; it was finished in the summer. This was the first house erected in Fond du 
 Lac County. It was a double log house, with an open hall through the center and a stairway : 
 there were also rooms above. It had a back addition, used as a kitchen. Brothertown Indians 
 (civilized) came from Brothertown, some fifteen miles distant, to raise the structure. The object 
 of the Company, in building the house, was to provide a place of entertainment for travelers 
 and to start a settlement. In all these plans for inducing an emigration toward " the head of 
 the lake," Doty was the ruling spirit. He chose the place for several reasons, one of which was 
 that he thought the Rock and Fond du Lac Rivers might be connected by canal and thus open 
 a continuous waterway by this route from Green Bay to the Mississippi, the greater share of 
 trade then going toward that river. He became possessed of this idea by hearing the stories of 
 Indian traders who had paddled canoes, loaded with goods, up the Fox River, across Lake Win 
 nebago, up the Fond du Lac River, and then across land about two miles, to the Rock River. 
 Both streams were much larger then than now, so that idea had fewer ridiculous featui'es than 
 at present. 
 
 After purchasing the site of the " town" and a considerable body of land in the immediate 
 vicinity, amounting, in all, as we have seen, to over three thousand acres, the Company began to 
 dispose of the same to settlers and others. An act, incorporating the Company, was approved 
 February 9, 1812. " Whereas," says the preamble, "in the year 1835, an association of sun- 
 dry persons was formed at Green Bay, for the purchase of real estate, under the name of the 
 Fond du Lac Company, which association became, and was, and still is, possessed of a quantity 
 of land situated in the county of Fond du Lac and vicinity, in the Territory of Wisconsin : and, 
 whereas, said association has sold and conveyed, to divers persons, tracts and lots of land in the 
 manner specified in their Articles of Association : 
 
 Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of tlie Territory of Wisconsin : 
 
 Section 1. That Samuel Ryan, Henry S. Baird, Davitl Jones, John P. Arndt, and all such persons as now are or 
 may hereafter be stockholders in the said corporation, shall be and they are hereby declared to be a body corporate 
 and politic, under the name and style of the Fond du Lac Company ; and, as such corporation, are hereby declared 
 capable of suing and being sued, answering and being answered unto, pleading and being impleaded, defending and 
 being defended, in all courts and places, .and in all actions, suits, matters and causes whatever; .and said company 
 shall have a continued succession for the term of five years, and have a common seal and change the same at 
 pleasure. 
 
 The next section of the act limited the amount of capital stock to 842 shares of $100 each, 
 and declared that the Company should not purchase any more land, but could improve what 
 they then owned. Section 3 provided for the adoption of by-laws. Section 4 declared that 
 conveyances already made in conformity to existing by-laws should be binding on the incorpo- 
 rated Company. The fifth section provided that nothing in the act should be so construed as 
 impairing any contract previously made. 
 
 By-laws were afterward drawn up and adopted for the government of the Company. On 
 the I'Jth day of February, 1844, a chancery suit was instituted by Mason C. Darling, a stock- 
 holder, against the Company, in the District Court of Brown County, Andrew G. Miller. Judge, 
 asking, among other things, for the dissolution of the Company, a settlement of its concerns and 
 distribution of assets among the stockholders. Edward Pier was, on the 9th of March, 1844, 
 by the Court, appointed a Receiver of the estate of the Company. Afterward, in 1846, A. G. 
 Ellis, a master in chancery, sold all the lands and town lots of the Company that had not been 
 disposed of previous to the commencement of the suit by Darling. These were all situated in 
 
HISTORY OF FOXn DV LAC COUNTY. 335 
 
 the town of Fond du Lac. The proceeds of the sale were finally distributed, after paying costs 
 and expenses, to the parties entitled to the same, under order of the Court. Meanwhile, "An 
 act to repeal an act entitled 'An Act to Incorporate the Fond du Lac Company,' approved Feb- 
 ruary 9, 1842," was passed: 
 
 Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of Wisconsin: 
 
 Section 1. That the act entitled " An Act to Incorporate the Fotifl du Lac Company," approved February 9, 
 1842, is hereby repealed : Provided. That said company shall he liable for all debts which may have been contracted 
 by said company, in as full and ample a manner as if this act had not been passed. 
 
 Approved February 8, 1845. 
 
 So the Fond du Lac Company became a thing of the past. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE NAME FOND DU LAC. 
 
 The three words Fond du Lao are from the French language, and signify literally, '• the 
 bottom of the lake." The word "fond" means literally "bottom ;" but its figurative meaning 
 is also "that which is farthest" or "most remote." The south end of Lake Winnebago, as 
 well as the western end of Lake Superior, were always alluded to by traders living at Green 
 Bay, Mackinaw, Sault Ste. Marie or Detroit, as points in those lakes most distant ; and, conse- 
 quently, the appellation among them was " the Fond du Lac Superior," the " Fond du Lac 
 Winnebago," etc., meaning the farther end or extreme from their headquarters. It has noth- 
 ing to do with the " head of the lake " although this is actually the case in both instances. Had 
 the outlet been at the fiirther end of these lakes, instead of being near the places just named, the 
 expression, according to the French idea conveyed by the term "fond," would have been e([ually 
 proper. The name was afterward given to the river which has its mouth at " the Fond du Lac 
 Winnebago" and, very appropriately, to the county having its teri'itory around and adjoining 
 the same. It is probable that the name was given to the locality at an early day, so soon, in 
 fact, as the French traders began at the Indian villages in the vicinity to traffic with the natives. 
 The exact date when this took place is not known with any degree of certainty, though it was 
 certainly in the last century. 
 
 AN EARLY TRIP TO THE HEAD OF WINNEBAGO LAKE. 
 
 It was on the 16th of February, 1836, that Colwert Pier and his younger brother, Edward, 
 started with a horse and sled from Green Bay to go to the head of Winnebago Lake, and take 
 a look at the country in that vicinity. He had previously a talk with the officers of the Fond 
 du Lac Company about locating there. There was no road at that time except what the Broth- 
 ertown and Stockbridge Indians had made, as far as the Grand Kaukalau in Fox River where 
 these Indians then resided. From the Bay to that place, the travel in winter wtis mostly upon the 
 ice. When the Grand Kaukalau was reached, the two ascertained that these Indians, who were 
 preparing to move up and improve their lands on the east side of the lake, had a road cut as far 
 where the Stockbridge Mission was afterward established, and that the route mentioned was the 
 best one to go to Fond du Lac. They also learned that there were four or five families living 
 there at that time. The brothers concluded to take the road indicated. They reached the place 
 the first day, and stopped with a Stockbridge family by the name of Jourdan over night. .Jour- 
 dan had a small cabin and a shed. In the last-mentioned building, the travelers put their 
 horse. The next morning after they had their breakfast, Mr. Jourdan very kindly piloted them 
 to the lake, and told them that he had heard folks say that Fond du Lac was up that way. 
 
 There were six to eight inches of snow upon the ice and a sharp crust upon the snow. 
 There was no track to be seen, consequently it was slow traveling. The two brothers had been 
 told that Fond du Lac River came into the lake on the west side of the prairie in the timber. 
 They therefore made their way toward the woods, and came to the shore about half a mile east 
 of the mouth of the stream. They then bore to the west until the river was reached, when they 
 came up it on the east side as far as what is now Tract 38 in the city of Fond du Lac (the pres- 
 ent residence of George McWilliams), where they made a fire and some hasty preparations for 
 
336 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC C0U2TTY. 
 
 camping during the night, although it was then but little past mid-day. They fed their horse, 
 ate some dinner, and about 3 o'clock P. M., started to look for a farm, leaving their horse tied 
 where they had rested and taken their last meal. 
 
 James D. Doty, of the Fond du Lac Company, was, by agreement, to meet them at the 
 point they had now reached, and show them the lands belonging to his association. Tlie two 
 brothers looked over the land on the east side of the river, some distance up the stream. 
 
 They came down through the timber and got back to where they had left their horse, at 
 dark. Here they found Doty, Dr. Richard M. Satterlee, Lieut. Merrill and a soldier 
 named Collins. The party had come up the river, found the horse belonging to the two land- 
 hunters and encamped for the night. The weather was intensely cold, but they had provided a 
 large stock of wood for fire, which, before the next morning, was mostly consumed. 
 
 The two brothers slept some that night, had an early breakfast, got what information they 
 could from Doty, and then took their course toward the west. They crossed the river below 
 the forks and walked up across Sections 9, 8 and 18. There was no snow upon the prairie, but 
 about this time, which was near 12 o'clock M., the snow began to fall, and the two started to 
 return to camp. They came down across Section 10 and struck the West Branch, when they 
 found themselves in an unpleasant situation, and for some time, they could not find the spot 
 they sought. They had not learned that the river had two branches. They, however, became 
 satisfied of the fact after wandering about and reaching the forks. They then came up and 
 found their camp. 
 
 The brothers then gave their horse what oats they had left, ate what provisions they had. 
 and started east. They crossed two creeks and then turned north toward the lake. It continued 
 to snow very fast. Our travelers homeward soon reached a place where the reeds were higher 
 than a man's head, causing them to fear that they would lose their way ; but they had a small 
 pocket compass which was of much service. Colwert Pier rode on the sled and carried the com- 
 pass in his hand, while his brother Edward went as far ahead as he could be seen, being directed 
 by Colwert on his course. About 4 o'clock, they came in sight of the lake, when it ceased 
 snowing. They went on the lake a little east of where Taycheedah now is, when they soon dis- 
 covered a team coming out of the timber east of them. This proved to be Doty and his party, 
 who soon joined the two othei's, and all went on together to where Stockbridge was afterward 
 located. The two brothers (Colwert and Edward Pier) stopped with their friend, Timothy 
 Jourdan again, returning to the bay next day. This ended the journey of the two brothers. It 
 was their first visit to the head of the lake, was in itself not particularly noteworthy only in this 
 — -it led to the return, in a few months, to the head of the lake, of Colwert Pier, the first settler 
 in Fond du Lac County. 
 
 FIRST SETTLEMENT IN FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 After the return of Colwert Pier and his brother, Edward Pier, to Green Bay, from their 
 trip in February, 183(3, to " spy out the land" at the head of Winnebago Lake, they met the 
 Directors of the Fond du Lac Company, and made arrangements for each to have a quarter- 
 section of their land, they being well satisfied with the country around the head of the lake. 
 In addition to this, if the parents of the two brothers joined them, they were to have a quarter- 
 section also, adjoining theirs. It was agreed that the two should move to Fond du Lac, that 
 Colwert should open the "Fond du Lac House," as a tavern, and that both should improve their 
 farms. In short, they were to commence the settlement of the lands of the Fond du Lac Com- 
 pany, which would be the first settlement at the head of the lake. 
 
 Now that many of the hardy sons of toil who broke the wilds of Fond du Lac County and 
 converted them into fruitful fields, who filled its towns and cities with many habitations, lie 
 quietly in mother earth, their enterprising spirits having fled from the busy world around, those 
 who enjoy what were once their possessions are curious to know of the vicissitudes of former days, 
 and to learn the names of those who laid the foundations of those improvements which have 
 been so largely instrumental in bringing this region to its present importance. And particularly 
 
HISTQgiY OF FOND DU LAC CWNTY. 337 
 
 are they anxious to hold in remembrance the name of the first white settler in Fond du Lac 
 County. The fir^t of the pioneers — let it never be forgotten — was Colwert Pieu. 
 
 Sometime near the close of the month of May, Mr. Pier started on horseback from Green 
 Bay, to go to Fond du Lac, to begin a settlement — the first ini the county. ■ His wife, in com- 
 pany with a Mrs. Robean, a lady who had taken up a tract of land on the east side of Winnebago 
 Lake, and was going there to settle, followed her husband in a Durham boat, commanded by 
 Capt. Samuel Irwin, and propelled by Indians and half-breeds. The boat was loaded with 
 merchandise, provisions and household goods, which were to be carried to Grand Kaukalau, 
 Fond du Lac and other points. The custom then was where the water was deep in the Fox 
 River, and sluggish, to propel with oars, and where there were more current and less depth, to use 
 poles, until the rapids were reached, when the men got into the water, took hold of the boat 
 and pushed it up against the current. In this way it was got up to the Grand Kaukalau. 
 
 At this point, all had to be unloaded and carried three-fourths of a mile, above the Rapids. 
 This was usually done by Frenchmen and half-breeds, who resided in the vicinity, and had 
 teams of some kind, while the boatmen forced the boat up the rapids. When this was done, the 
 goods were re-loaded and the boat pushed up to the Grand Chute, near where Appleton now is. 
 Here all the load had again to be taken out, the barrels rolled, and the other loading carried by 
 the men, above the falls. A long cable was then made fast to the bow of the boat, then carried 
 above the chute and put around a tree, while two men wei'e stationed there to take up the slack 
 as the others lifted the boat over and up to where the water was smooth again. The next stretch 
 was to the outlet of Lake Winnebago, where one-half of the load had to be taken out and carried 
 up to the lake, then the cable was made fast to the boat and the men forced it up the rapids. 
 
 While the party in the boat was on the way, there was a rumor of an Indian war cii'culated 
 along the route. To this Capt. Irwin paid no attention until he ran into Fond du Lac 
 River, when he met about seventy Indians upon the bank. Usually they were very talkative, 
 but now for some cause all were silent ; not a word was exchanged between those on tlie boat 
 and those on the land ; this was the more noticeable as, before, those that were met, whenever 
 within speaking distance, communicated very freely. Capt. Irwin began to feel that really 
 there might be some ground for the war rumor. 
 
 On the 6th day of June, 1836 — a day ever to be held in remembrance by the people of 
 Fond du Lac County as the one on which was commenced the first settlement — the boat reached 
 the spot where had been raised the " Fond du Lac House," by the Fond du Lac Company, 
 where Mrs. Pier had the satisfaction of greeting her husband, who had preceded her. The boat 
 arrived about noon, just below where the railroad bridge now is, when the goods belonging to 
 Mr. Pier were speedily put on shore, and Capt. Irwin was soon making his way, in his craft, 
 down the river. 
 
 Said Capt. Irwin, subsequently : " I bade good-bye to Mrs. Pier with feelings not unmixed 
 with sorrow. She endeared herself to all of us by her uniform kindness. She assisted 
 us in our cooking, and cheered us by her looks and woi'ds through all the trying scenes 
 of the nine days we were on the voyage. When we left her on the bank of the Fond du Lac 
 River, a lone region, surrounded by hundreds of Indians, with no one but her husband 
 to pi-otect her, we all felt sad." "I have often thought," says a recent writer, '' that if she 
 had lived, her version of those times and those scenes would be of great interest to some 
 of the ladies now living in the county. She once told me that when Capt. Irwin's boat was out 
 of siglit, and she and her husband were left alone — feeling that they constituted the only civil- 
 ized inhabitants of the entire region — she sat down upon the ground and cried a considerable 
 time, then wiping away her tears, she resolutely got up and walked to the house where her home 
 was to be, and took a calm view of the surroundings. She found the log buildinsr to consist of 
 three log cabins united ; there was an open hall between the dining-room and sitting-room, and 
 a kitchen in the rear, the floor of which had been laid by her husband after his arrival, but pre- 
 vious to her coming. He had also put in two windows and a door. ' My husband tried to 
 soothe and comfort me, but I felt that he needed,' said she, 'some one to comfort lum as well ; 
 
338 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COJJNTY. 
 
 so I took hold, and helped him put up the stove, and I went about putting our house in as good 
 condition as circumstances would permit.' Within half an hour, a squaw came in, and by signs, 
 made Mrs. Pier understand that she wished to exchange some feathers for flour. These she pur- 
 chased, and, as she*afterward discovered, paid liberally for them, for, in half an hour, her room 
 was filled with squaws wishing to ' swap ' feathers for pork. Her stock in trade consisted of one 
 barrel of pork and two of flour. That afternoon she bought of the squaws feathers suflicient to 
 make two good-sized feather beds, and paid for them in pork and flour." 
 
 From June 6, 1836, to March 11, 1837, Colwert Pier and his wife were the only residents 
 in Fond du Lac County. On the day last mentioned, his brother, Edward Pier, arrived at " the 
 Fond du Lac House," bringing a family consisting of his wife and two daughters, the youngest 
 about four weeks old. These two families composed the entire population until June 1, when 
 Norman Pier, from Middlebury, Vt., and Albert Kendall, from Rochester, in the same State, 
 arrived. These young men were unmarried, and were added to the occupants of " the Fond du 
 Lac House." On the 17th, Miss Harriet Pier (afterward Mrs. Alonzo Raymond) arrived at 
 Fond du Lac. There were now three women in the county, but soon after, on the 3d of Sep- 
 tember, the father (Calvin) and the mother (Esther) came on, bringing with them their son, 
 Oliver W. Pier, a lad of fourteen years. The Piers and young Kendall were all the occupants 
 of Fond du Lac County thenceforward to the beginning of March, 1838. On the first day ot 
 that month, Mrs. Fanny Pier, wife of Colwert Pier, died, after a short illness. She was attended 
 by Dr. David Ward, of Green Bay, he being the nearest resident physician. She, the pioneer 
 woman in Fond du Lac County, was the first to go hence forever ! The funeral was held on the 
 3d of March, and was attended by the few pioneers, who were all mourners. The sermon was 
 preached by the Rev. Cutting Mai'sh, missionary to the Stockbridge Indians. It was a sad and 
 solemn occasion. 
 
 
 
CHAPTER IIT. 
 
 "The Old Military Road" and Other Early Highways— Pioneer Life— Fond du Lac 
 County Boundaries Established— Early Political History-- Fond du Lac County^ 
 ON Early Maps— Organization of the County'— Pioneer Keminiscences. 
 
 "the old military road" and other early IIiaHWAYS. 
 
 The first higliway or road Fond du Lac County had was called the "military road," and 
 Was built at Government expense for the transportation of supplies from Green Bay, or Fort 
 Howard, as the army "post" was then called, to Fort Winnebago, now Portage, and Fort 
 Crawford, now Prairie du Chien. In the summer, provisions were transported in batteaux by 
 water from Fort Howard to Forts Winnebago and Crawford, but in winter this could not be done. 
 Therefore, early in 1835, Lewis Cass, then Secretary of War, sent out orders to open, lay out 
 and bridge a road from Fort Howard to Fort Crawford, via Fond du Lac and Fort Winnebago. 
 The soldiers at Fort Crawford were ordered to build and bridge the road to Fort Winnebago : 
 those stationed at Fort Winnebago from their post to the Fond du Lac River and bridge that 
 stream, and those at the " Bay," or Fort Howard, to open the road from their post to Fond du 
 Lac. The soldiers at these three posts were under command of Brig. Gen. George Mercer 
 Brooke, after whom Brooke street, the first in the city of Fond du Lac, was named, and com- 
 posed the Fifth Regiment of the standing army. The road was laid out by Lieut. Centre and 
 James Duane Doty. Mr. Doty was appointed because he knew the route better than almost any 
 other man in the Territory. The road from Forts Crawford and Winnebago reached Fond du Lac 
 in 1835, and the East Branch was bridged at that time where the Forest Street bridge now 
 stands. The city had a bridge, therefore, for the use of Indians and wild beasts, before it had a 
 white settler. The other end of the road was through dense hardwood forests, and to open it 
 was a much more diflScult and arduous undertaking. It did not reach the branch already finished 
 to Fond du Lac until 1838. Its course through the city was straight from the tollgate at Luco, 
 in the town of Fond du Lac, to where the Express OfBce now stands in the city. In the mean 
 time, the bridge built by the Fore Winnebago soldiers over the East Branch at Fonddu Lac had 
 been swept away, and, in 1837, Mr. Doty received permission to divert the course of the mili- 
 tary road and build a bridge on Brooke street, where the railroad bridge now crosses the East 
 Branch on that street, and, during the season, George McWilliaras, with a company of men 
 brought mostly from Stockbridge, built a bridge at the point mentioned, which served until the 
 Chicago & North- Western Railway bridge was built. The abutments, stringers and covering 
 were of logs which were cut within the present corporate limits of Fond du Lac, and floated to 
 the desired location. 
 
 The military road was a crude affair. On the prairies stakes were driven as guides ; through 
 the woods trees were felled, and the various streams were bridged with logs. Through the towns 
 of Calumet and Taycheedah the old military road, repaired since by public taxation, is still in 
 use as a public highway. Military street, in the city of Fond du Lac, extends southwest toward 
 Waupun and, merging into the " Waupun road," is on the site of the old military road as far as 
 the first tollgate in the town of Fond du Lac. At that point it left the present " Waupun road," 
 passing north of the Four Mile House, in the edge of Lamartine, to the Drury place, where it 
 again was identical with the road-bed of the " Waupun road " as far as Schoolhouse No. 1 on 
 Section 34, in Lamartine. It there extended more directly westward through the villages of 
 Brandon and Fairwater, in Metomen, to Green Lake County. From Section 34, town of Lamar- 
 tine, no traces of the original military road can be found, as it consisted of little more than oak 
 
340 HISTORY OF FOND Dl' LAC COT'NTY. 
 
 stakes driven into the soil as guides, which, as soon as the country became settled, the farmers 
 removed, and all traces of what cost the Government a snug sum disappeared forever. 
 
 In 1837-38, there was a road opened to Fond du Lac County from Sheboygan. In the fall 
 of the last-mentioned year, one was also opened and bridged to Fox Lake. This road had pre- 
 viously been surveyed by Jacob P. Brower. In the winter of 1839, there was a road opened by 
 way of Waupun to Madison, the capital of the State. The first road laid by county authority 
 was one from the village of Fond du Lac south toward Milwaukee, which was viewed in Novem- 
 ber, 1840, by Seymour Wilco.x, George White and M. Collins. This much it may be said of 
 roads in Fond du Lac for many years : Through timbered land thei'e were some definite marks to 
 inform the traveler of the road's locality ; through openings, prairies, and marshes he had a wide 
 field for selecting his route, but must have a care to find the bridge over the next stream. 
 
 POINEER LIFE. 
 
 Records of the olden time are interesting, and they are not without their lessons of instruc- 
 tion. By the light of the past, we follow in the footprints of the adventurous and enterprising 
 pioneer. We see him, as it were, amid the labors and struggles necessary to convert the wilder- 
 ness into a fruitful field. We sit by his cabin fire, partake of his homely and cheerfully granted 
 fare, and listen to the accounts which he is pleased to give us of frontier life, and of the dangers, 
 trials, hardships and sufferings of himself and others in their eftbrts to make for themselves 
 homes in regions remote from civilization, and unexplored hitherto, save by wandering Indians 
 and the beasts of the forests and prairies. ■ Through these ancient records, we make our way 
 along to the present. From small beginnings, we come to the mighty achievements of industry, 
 the complex results of daring enterprise, subduing and creative energy, and untiring perse- 
 verance. 
 
 Following on in the path of progress and improvement, we see once waste places rejoicing 
 under the kindly care of the husbandman ; beautiful farms, with all the fixtures and appurte- 
 nances necessary to make the tillers of the soil and their families contented and happy, are 
 spread out before us ; villages and cities have arisen as if by magic, and by hundreds, thou- 
 sands, and tens of thousands, human souls are congregated within their precincts ; the mart of 
 trade and traffic, and the workshop of the artisan are thronged ; common schools, academies and 
 colleges have sprung up ; young and ardent minds — children of the rich and poor — may press 
 forward together in the acquisition of science ; churches are built, and a Christian ministry is 
 sustained for the inculcation of religious sentiments and the promotion of piety, virtue and moral 
 goodness; the press is established whence floods of light and glory may emanate for the instruc- 
 tion and benefit of all ; railroads are built to bring the products of every clime and the people 
 from afiir to our doors; and the telegraph, " upon the lightning's wing," carries messages far 
 and near. Let the records of the olden time be preserved ; in after years our children, 
 and our children's children, will look over them with pleasure and profit. 
 
 The first important business of the poineer settler, upon his arrival in Fond du Lac County, 
 was to build a house. Until this was done, some had to camp on the ground or live in their 
 wagons — perhaps the only shelter they had known for weeks. So the prospect for a house, 
 which was also to be a home, was one that gave courage to the rough toil, and added a zest to 
 the heavy labors. The style of the home entered very little into their thoughts — it was shelter 
 they wanted, and protection from stress of weather and wearing exposures. The poor settler 
 had neither the money nor the mechanical appliances foi; building himself a house. He was 
 content, in most instances, to have a mere cabin or hut. Some of the most primitive construc- 
 tions of this kind were half-faced, or, as they were sometimes called, 'cat-faced'" sheds or 
 " wike-ups," the Indian term for tent or house. It is true, a " claim " cabin was a little more in 
 the shape of a human habitation, made, as it was, of round logs, light enough for two or three 
 men to lay up, about fourteen feet square — perhaps a little larger or smaller — roofed with bark 
 or clapboards, and sometimes with the sods of the prairie, and floored with puncheons (logs split 
 once in two, and the flat side laid up) or with earth. For a fire-place, a wall of stones and 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 341 
 
 earth — frequently the hitter only, when stone was not convenient — was made in the best practi- 
 cable shape for the purpose, in an opening in one end of the building, extending outward, and 
 planked on the outside by bolts of wood notched together to stay it. Frequently a fire-place 
 of this kind was made so capacious as to occupy nearly the whole width of the house. In cold 
 weather, when a great deal of fuel was needed to keep the atmosphere above freezing point — for 
 this wide-mouth fire-place was a huge ventilator — large logs were piled into this yawning space. 
 To protect the crumbling back-wall against the eflFects of the fire, two back-logs were placed 
 against it, one upon the other. Sometimes these were so large that they could not be got in in 
 any other way than to hitch a horse to them. The animal was driven in at the door, when the 
 log was unfastened before the fire-place. It was afterward put in position. The horse would be 
 driven out at another door. 
 
 For a chimney, any contrivance that would convey the smoke out of the building would 
 do. Some were made of sods, plastered on the inside with clay ; others — the more common, 
 perhaps — were of the kind we occasionally see in use now, clay in sticks, or "cat in clay," as 
 they were sometimes called. Imagine, of a winter's night, when the storm was having its own 
 wild way over this almost uninhabited land, and when the wind was roaring like a cataract of 
 cold over the broad wilderness, and the settler had to do his best to keep warm, what a royal fire 
 this double back-log and well-filled fireplace would hold ! It was a cozy place to smoke, pi'o- 
 vided the settler had any tobacco ; or for the wife to sit knitting before, provided she had any 
 needles and yarn. At any rate, it gave something of cheer to the conversation, which very likely 
 was upon the home and friends they had left behind when they started out on this bold venture 
 of seeking fortunes in a new land. 
 
 For doors and windows, the most simple contrivances that would serve the purpose were 
 brought into requisition. The door was not always immediately provided with a shutter, and a 
 blanket often did duty in guarding the entrance. But, as soon as convenient, some boards were 
 split and put together, hung upon wooden hinges and held shut by a wooden pin inserted in an 
 auger-hole. As a substitute for window-glass, greased paper, pasted over sticks crossed in the 
 shape of sash, was sometimes used. This admitted the light and excluded the air, but, of course, 
 lacked transparency. 
 
 In I'egard to the furniture of such a cabin, it varied in proportion to the ingenuity of the 
 occupants, unless it was where settlers brought with them their old household supply, which, 
 owing to the distance most of them had come, was very seldom. It was easy enough to impro- 
 vise tables and chairs ; the former could be made of split logs — and there were instances where 
 the door would be taken from its hinges and used at meals, after which it would be re-hung ; the 
 latter were designed after the three-legged stool "pattern, or benches served their purposes. A 
 bedstead was a very important item in the domestic comfort of the family, and this was the 
 fashion of improvising one : A forked stake was driven into the ground diagonally from the 
 corner of the room and at a proper distance, upon which poles reaching from each were laid. 
 The wall ends of the pole either rested in the openings between the logs, or were driven into 
 auger-holes. Barks or boai'ds were used as a substitute for cords. Upon this the tidy house- 
 wife spread her straw tick, and, if she had a home-made feather bed, she piled it up into a lux- 
 urious mound, and covered it with her whitest drapery. Some sheets hung behind it for tapestry 
 added to the coziness of the resting-place. This was generally called a " prairie bedstead," and 
 by some the " prairie rascal." 
 
 The house thus far along, it was left to the deft devices of the wife to complete its comforts, 
 and the father of the family was free to superintend out-of-door affairs. If it was in season, 
 his first important duty was to prepare some ground for planting, and to plant what he could. 
 
 The first year's farming consisted mainly of a "truck patch," planted in corn, potatoes, 
 turnips and other vegetables. Generally, the first year's crop fell far short of supplying even 
 the most rigid economy of food. Many of the settlers brought with them small stores of such 
 things as seemed indispensable to frugal living, such as flour, bacon, coffee and tea. But these 
 supplies were not inexhaustible, and once used were not easily replaced. A long winter must 
 
342 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 come and go before another crop could be raised. If game was plentiful, it helped to eke out 
 their limited supplies. 
 
 But even when corn was plentiful, the preparation of it was the next diflBculty in the way. 
 The mills for grinding it were at such long distances that every other device was resorted to for 
 reducing it to meal. Some grated it on an implement made by punching small holes through a 
 piece of tin or sheet-iron, and fastening it upon a board in concave shape, with the rough side 
 out. Upon this the ear was rubbed to produce the meal. But grating could not be done when 
 the corn became so dry as to shell off when rubbed. Some used a coffee-mill for grinding it ; 
 and a very common substitute for bread was hominy — a palatable and wholesome diet — made by 
 boiling corn in a weak lye till the hull or bran peeled off, after which it was well washed to 
 cleanse it of the lye. It was then boiled again to soften it, when it was ready for use, as occa- 
 sion required, b}' frying and seasoning it to the taste. Another mode of preparing hominy was 
 by pestling. A mortar was made by burning a bowl-shaped cavity in the end of an upright 
 block of wood. After thoroughly cleaning it of the charcoal, the corn could be put in, hot water 
 turned upon it, when it was subjected to a severe pestling by a club of sufficient length and 
 thickness, in the large end of which was inserted an iron wedge, banded to keep it there. The 
 hot water would soften the corn and loosen the hull, while the pestle would crush it. 
 
 When breadstuffs were needed, they had to be obtained from long distances. Owing to the 
 lack of proper means for thrashing and cleaning wheat, it was more or less mixed with foreign 
 substances, such as smut, dirt and oats. And as the time when the settlers' methods of thrash- 
 ing and cleaning may be forgotten, it may be well to preserve a brief account of them here. 
 The plan was to clean off a space of ground of sufficient size, and, if the earth was dry, to 
 dampen it, and beat it to render it somewhat compact. Then the sheaves were unbound and 
 spread in a cii'cle, so that the heads would be uppermost, leaving room in the center for the per- 
 son whose business it was to turn and stir the straw in the process of thrashing. Then, as many 
 horses or oxen were brought as could conveniently swing around the circle, and these were kept 
 moving until the wheat was well trodden out. After several " floorings " or layers were thrashed, 
 the straw was carefully raked off and the wheat shoveled into a heap to be cleaned. This clean- 
 ing was sometimes done by waving a sheet up and down to fan out the chaff as the grain was 
 dropped before it ; but this trouble was frequently obviated when the strong winds of autumn 
 were all that was needed to blow out the chaff from the grain. This mode of preparing the grain 
 for flouring was so imperfect that it is not to be wondered at that a considerable amount of black 
 soil got mixed with it, and unavoidably got into the bi'ead. This, with an addition of smut, 
 often rendered it so dark as to have less the appearance of bread than mud; yet upon such diet 
 the people were compelled to subsist for want 'of a better. 
 
 Not the least among the pioneers' tribulations, during the first few years of the settlement, 
 was the going to mill. The slow mode of travel by ox teams was made still slower by the 
 almost total absence of roads and bridges, while such a thing as a ferry was hardly ever dreamed 
 of. The distance to be traversed was as often as far as sixty to ninety miles. In dry weather, 
 common sloughs and creeks offered but little impediment to teamsters ; but during floods and 
 the breaking-up of winter, they proved exceedingly troublesome and dangerous. To get stuck 
 in a slough, and thus be delayed for many hours, was no uncommon occurrence, and that too, 
 when time was an item of grave import to the comfort and sometimes even to the lives of the 
 settlers' families. Often a swollen stream would blockade the way, seeming to threaten destruc- 
 tion to whoever would attempt to ford it. 
 
 With regard to roads, there was nothing of the kind worthy of the name. Indian trails 
 were common, but they were unfit to travel on with vehicles. They were mere paths about 
 two feet wide — all that was required to accommodate the single-file manner of Indian travel- 
 ing. 
 
 When the early settlers were compelled to make these long and difficult trips to mill, if the 
 country was prairie over which they passed, they found it comparatively easy to do in summer 
 when grass was plentiful. By traveling until night, and then camping out to feed the teams. 
 
(^ 
 
 ^^. 
 
 FOND OU LAC 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 345 
 
 they got along without much difficulty. But in winter such a journey was attended with no 
 little danger. The utmost economy of time was, of course, necessary. When the goal was 
 reached, after a week or more of toilsome travel, with many exposures and risks, and the poor 
 man was impatient to immediately return with the desired staff of life, he was often shocked 
 and disheartened with the information that his turn would come in a week. Then he must look 
 about for some means to pay expenses, and he was lucky who could find employment by the day 
 or job. Then, when his turn came, he had to be on hand to bolt his own flour, as, in those 
 days, the bolting machine was not an attached part of the other mill machinery. This done, 
 the anxious soul was ready to endure the trials of a return trip, his heart more or less concerned 
 about the affairs of home. 
 
 Those milling trips often occupied from three weeks to more than a month each, and were 
 attended with an expense, in one way or another, that rendered the cost of breadstuffs extremely 
 high. If made in the winter, when more or less grain-feed was required for the team, the load 
 would be found to be so considerably reduced on reaching home that the cost of what was left, 
 adding other expenses, would make their grain reach the high cash figure of from $3 to $5 
 per bushel. And these trips could not always be made at the most favorable season for 
 traveling. In spring and summer, so much time could hardly be spared from other essential 
 labor; yet, for a large family, it was almost impossible to avoid making three or four trips dur- 
 ing the year. 
 
 Among other things calculated to annoy and distress the pioneer, was the prevalence of 
 wild beasts of prey, the most numerous and troublesome of which was the wolf While it was 
 true, in a figurative sense, that it required the utmost care and exertion to "keep the wolf from 
 the door," it was almost as true in a literal sense. There were two species of these animals — 
 the large black timber wolf, and the smaller gray wolf that usually inhabited the prairie. At 
 first, it was almost impossible for a settler to keep small stock of any kind that would serve as 
 a prey to these ravenous beasts. Sheep were not deemed safe property until years after, when 
 their enemies were supposed to be nearly exterminated. Large numbers of wolves were 
 destroyed during the early years of settlement. When they were hungry, which was not 
 uncommon, particularly during the winter, they were too indiscreet for their own safety, and 
 would often approach within easy shot of the settlers' dwellings. At certain seasons, their wild 
 plaintive yelp or bark could be heard in all directions at all hours of the night, creating intense 
 excitement among the dogs, whose howling would add to the dismal melody. It has been found 
 by experiment that but one of the canine species — the hound — has both the fleetness and cour- 
 age to cope with his savage cousin, the wolf Attempts were often made to capture him with 
 the common cur, but this animal, as a rule, proved himself wholly unreliable for such service. 
 So long as the wolf would run the cur would follow ; but the wolf, being apparently acquainted 
 with the character of his pursuer, jvould either turn and place himself in a combative attitude, 
 or else act upon the principle that "discretion is the better part of valor," and throw himself 
 upon his back in token of surrender. This strategic performance would make instant peace 
 between these two scions of the same house ; and not infrequently dogs and wolves have been 
 seen playing together like puppies. But the hound was never known to recognize a flag of 
 truce; his baying seemed to signify "no quarter;" or, at least, so the terrified wolf under- 
 stood it. 
 
 Smaller animals, such as panthers, lynxes, wildcats, catamounts and polecats, were also 
 sufficiently numerous to be troublesome. And an exceeding source of annoyance were the 
 swarms of mosquitoes which aggravated the trials of the settler in the most exasperating degree. 
 Persons have been driven from the labors of the field by their unmerciful assaults. 
 
 The trials of the pioneer were innumerable, and the cases of actual suffering might fill a 
 volume of no ordinary size. Timid women became brave through combats with real dangers, 
 and patient mothers grew sick at heart with the sight of beloved children failing in health from 
 lack of commonest necessaries of life. The struggle was not for ease or luxury, but was a 
 constant one for the means of sustaining life itself. 
 
 
 
346 HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 FOND DU LAC COUNTY BOUNDARIES ESTABLISHED. 
 
 An act of the Territorial Legislature, entitled " An Act to Divide the Counties of Brown 
 and Milwaukee, " approved December 7, 1836, provided, in part, as follows: 
 
 Section 9. That townships [thirteen]* north, of ranges eighteen and nineteen east, and townships fourteen, 
 fifteen and sixteen, of ranges fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen and eigliteen, anil townships seventeen and 
 eighteen, of ranges fourteen, fifteen and sixteen, shall be and hereby are constituted a separate county, and be called 
 Fond du Lac; and the seat of justice of said county is hereby established at the town of Fond du Lac. 
 
 Sec. 10. That towns [townships] seventeen, eighteen, nineteen and twenty, of r.anges seventeen, eighteen, 
 nineteen and twenty, be and they are hereby constituted a separate county and called Calumet ; and the seat of jus- 
 tice of said county is hereby established at the town of Whitesboro. 
 
 ^' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ -X -.^ -.^ y^ 
 
 Sec. 12. That townships numbered fourteen and fifteen, of ranges nine and ten ; townships fourteen, fifteen 
 and sixteen, of range eleven; townships fourteen, fifteen, sixteen and seventeen, of range twelve, and townships 
 fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen and eighteen, of ranges thirteen and fourteen east, * * -r^ shall be 
 and hereby are constituted a separate county and be called Marquette, and the seat of justice of said county is hereby 
 established at the town of Marquette. 
 
 The territory thus set off as Fond du Lac, included all the present county, except the 
 towns of Osceola, Forest and Marshfield, and so much of Calumet as lies in Townships 17 
 north, of Ranges 18 and 19 east ; also, nearly all the south half of what is now the county of 
 Winnebago. 
 
 By an act of the Territorial Legislature, approved January 6, 1840, all that territory 
 included in Fond du Lac County north of Townships 16, in Ranges 14, 1-5, 16 and 17 east, was 
 taken from it to form a portion of Winnebago County. 
 
 The same act took from Calumet County fractional Townships 17, in Ranges 18 and 19 east, 
 and added them to Fond du Lac County, constituting nearly the whole of the present town of 
 Calumet. 
 
 By the provisions of an act approved January 22, 1844, " all that portion of Lake Winnebago 
 lying south of a direct line drawn from the point where the southern boundary of the Brothertown 
 Reservation enters said lake on the east, to the town[ship] line between towns[hips] sixteen and 
 seventeen on the west side of said lake," was made a part of the county of Fond du Lac. 
 
 By an oversight of the Legislature in the act approved December 7, 1836, constituting, 
 among others, the counties of Fond du Lac and Marquette, already mentioned, five townships 
 in Fond du Lac — Townships 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 north, of Range 14 east — were also included 
 in the county of Marquette. By the erection of Winnebago County, two of these townships — 
 Townships 17 and 18 north, of Range 14 east — were assigned to that county, still leaving three 
 — Townships 14, 15 and 16 north, of Range 14 east — as belonging both to Fond du Lac County 
 and Marquette. To cure this defect, an act was passed, which was approved March 6, 1848, 
 and which brought Fond du Lac County to its present limits, as follows : 
 
 " An Act to Define the Boundaries of Fond du Lac County, and the Jurisdiction of Counties 
 to Lake Winnebago ; also to legalize the acts of said county as to certain towns therein organ- 
 ized." 
 
 Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of Wisconsin ; 
 
 Section 1. That township number thirteen north, of range number eighteen east, and townships number thir- 
 teen, fourteen, fifteen and sixteen north, of range number nineteen east; and also all that part of Lake Winnebago 
 lying south of a line extending due west from the south line of the late Brothertown Reservation, to a north and 
 south line corresponding to the division line between ranges number seventeen and eighteen, and all that part of the 
 same lake lying south of an east and west line extending from the intersection of the town line between towns six- 
 teen and seventeen with said lake, and running east to the range line hereinbefore mentioned, are hereby made and 
 declared to be a part of the county of Fond du Lac. 
 
 Sec. 2. That townships number fourteen, fifteen and sixteen north, of range number fourteen east, embracing 
 the organized towns of Ceresco, Alto and Metomen, and included by the act of the seventh day of December. 1830, in 
 both the counties of Fond du Lac and Marquette, are hereby declared to be a part of the county of Fond du Lac, as 
 recited by the several acts organizing said towns. 
 
 *Ttiat Township 13 north, of Ranges 18 and 19 east (now the towns of Ashford and Auburn), were the ones intended to be described in 
 the tirst clause of Section 9 of this act, is made certain by the act of March 6, 1848, hereafter mentioned. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 347 
 
 Sec. 3. The acts of the county of Fond du Lac exercising jurisdiction over either of the before-mentioned town- 
 ships, or the acts of the towns organized therein, shall not be deemed invalid or illegal in consequence of either of said 
 townships having been included in any other county, or for not having been included in the said county of Fond du 
 Lac. 
 
 Sec. 4. That all that part of Lake Winnebago lying north of the north line of the county of Fond du Lac, as 
 hereinbefore described, and west of the range line separating ranges number seventeen and eighteen, as extending 
 through said lake, is hereby declared to be a part of the county of Winnebago ; and all that part of said lake lying 
 east of said range line and north of the north line of Fond du Lac, as hereinbefore described, is hereby declared to 
 be a part of the county of Calumet. All process issuing to officers of either of the counties bordering upon Lake 
 Winnebago, may be served upon tlie waters of said lake by the officer or person charged with tlie service thereof; 
 and the said counties shall, for all the purposes of civil and criminal process, have concurrent juri.sdiction on the said 
 waters. Tii^iophy Burns, Speaker nf the House of Represeniaiives. 
 
 Horatio N. Wells, Fresident of the Council. 
 Approved March ti, 1848. 
 
 Henry Dodge. 
 
 The above-mentioned act brought into the county of Fond du Lac the territory constitut- 
 ing the present towns of Osceola, Forest and Marshfield, and made certain what was left doubt- 
 ful by the act of December 7, 1836, as to the territory now included in the towns of Ashford 
 and Auburn, by making it unmistakably a part of Fond du Lac County. 
 
 By the revised statutes of Wisconsin of 18-4!>, the boundaries of the county were established, 
 as at present constituted, as follows : 
 
 Section 10. The district of country included within the following boundaries shall form and constitute the 
 county of Fond du Lac, to wit : Beginuing at the southeast corner of township thirteen north, of range nineteen east 
 of the meridian line aforesaid ; running thence north, on the range line between ranges nineteen and twenty, to the 
 south line of the Indian reservation : thence west on said south line to a point in Lake Winnebago in the range line 
 between seventeen and eighteen east ; thence south on said range line to tlie range of the township line between town- 
 ships sixteen and seventeen north ; thence west to the northwest corner of township sixteen north, of range fourteen 
 east; thence south on the range line, to the southwest corner of township fourteen north, of range fourteen east ; 
 thence east on the township line to the northwest corner of township thirteen north, of range eighteen east ; thence 
 south to the southwest corner of the last-named township ; thence east on the townsliip line to the place of beginning. 
 
 These boundaries have since been affirmed by the revised statutes of 1858, and a second 
 time by the revised statutes of 1878 ; they are, therefore, the legal boundaries of the county at 
 the present time. 
 
 EARLY POLITICAL HISTORY. 
 
 Fond du Lac County is bounded on the north by the counties of Calumet and Winnebago ; on 
 the east by Calumet and Sheboygan ; south by Washington and Dodge, and west by the county 
 of Green Lake. Its eastern boundary is about twenty-four miles west of Lake Michigan ; its 
 western boundary, about one hundred and twenty miles east of the Mississippi. It has an area, 
 including what is covered by Winnebago Lake, of about seven hundred and eighty square miles. 
 This territory, with all the ISforthwest, was claimed by France from 1671 to 1763, when it was 
 surrendered to the British. By the "Quebec Act" of 1774, the whole was placed under the 
 local administration of Canada. It was, however, practically put under a despotic military rule, 
 and so continued until possession passed to the United States. Before the last-mentioned event, 
 and during and after the Revolution, the conflicting claims of Virginia, New York, Massachu- 
 setts and Connecticut to portions of the country were relinquished to the General Government. 
 All the claims were based upon chartered rights, and Virginia added to hers the right of con- 
 quest of the " Illinois country " during the Revolution. As early as October, 1778, she declared, 
 by an act of her General Assembly, that all the citizens of that commonwealth who were then 
 settled, or should thereafter settle, on the western side of the Ohio, should be included in a dis- 
 tinct county, which should be called Illinois. No Virginians were then settled so iar north as 
 what is now Wisconsin; and, as none thereafter located so far north before she relinquished all 
 her rights to the United States, it follows that no part of our State was included in Illinois 
 County, and that she never exercised any jurisdiction over any portion of Wisconsin; nor did 
 she make claim to any portion of it by right of conquest. 
 
 Notwithstanding the passage of the ordinance of 1787, establishing a government over the 
 territory northwest of the Ohio River, which territory was acquired by the treaty of 1783 from 
 
348 HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Great Britain, possession only was obtained by the United States of the southern portion, the 
 northern part being held by the British Government until 1796. Arthur St. Clair, in February, 
 1790, exercising the functions of Governor, and having previously organized a government for 
 the country under the ordinance above mentioned, established in what is now the State of Illi- 
 nois, a county which was named St. Clair. But, as this county only extended north " to the 
 mouth of the Little Mackinaw Creek on the Illinois," it did not include, of course, any part of 
 the present Wisconsin, although being the nearest approach thereto of any organized county up 
 to that date. 
 
 The next county organized was that of Wayne, in 1796, which was made to include, 
 besides much other territory, all of the present State of Wisconsin, watered by streams flowing 
 into Lake Michigan. The present limits of Fond du Lac County were thus brought into Wayne 
 County, except so much as is drained by the head streams of Rock River. From 1800 to 1809, 
 what is now included within its boundaries was within the Territory of Indiana, and in the last, 
 mentioned year, passed into the Territory of Illinois. It is probable that Indiana Territory 
 exercised jurisdiction over what is now Wisconsin to the extent of appointing two Justices of 
 Peace — one for Green Bay and one for Prairie du Chien. In the year 1809, the Illinois Terri- 
 torial Government commissioned three Justices of the Peace and two militia oSicers at Prairie 
 du Chien, St. Clair County having been extended so as to include that point and, probably. 
 Green Bay. In the course of time, other Illinois counties subsequently had jurisdiction, until 
 1818, when what is now Wisconsin became a portion of the Territory of Michigan. Under the 
 government of the latter, the district of country now forming Fond du Lac County, was first 
 included within the limits of the county of Brown, and so continued until it became itself a 
 county. 
 
 FOND DU LAC COUNTY ON EARLY MAPS. 
 
 In John Farmer's "Map of the Territories of Michigan and Ouisconsin," of 1830, Win- 
 nebago Lake, with surrounding country, is delineated with considerable accuracy. Indian 
 villages are plentiful but none of white men. At the" head of the lake "is White Bosom's village, 
 and, not very fiir to the northwest, is another representation of an Indian town, but the name of 
 the latter is not given. It is on the east side of the lake. Farther to the north, on the west 
 side, is Smoker's Village, and still farther on, the village of the Black Wolf. Across the lake, 
 in a northeast direction from Black Wolf's town, is seen the Menomonee village of Calumet. 
 Upon this map. Fond du Lac River appears vei'y much confused. Its west branch is called 
 Martin's Creek, its eastern branch Croekodile River. Then there is another west branch hav- 
 ing no name. " Doty's Route" is distinctly marked, traversing the country along the east side 
 of Winnebago Lake, in a southerly direction ; then, after crossing " Crocodile River " it takes 
 a southwesterly course to an Indian village on "Doty's Creek," beyond what are the present 
 boundaries of Fond du Lac County. Brown County, including beside much other territory all 
 of what is now Fond du Lac, has on this map, for its northern boundary, a line running from a 
 point between the Great and Little Bays de Noquet west to " Lac Vieux Desert ; " for its southern 
 boundary, the Illinois line. 
 
 On a map by the same author, of the date of 18-36, the county of Brown is shown, but 
 deprived of a large part of its southern territory where " Milwalky Co." appears, extending 
 from the Illinois line north sixty-six miles, and from Lake Michigan west about, seventy-five 
 miles. All of Brown County south and east of Green Bay and Fox River, is represented as 
 surveyed into townships, including, of course, what is now Fond du Lac County. Between the 
 " Stockbridge & Brothertown In. Reserve " and the "head of the lake," there is represented 
 an Indian village called " Pope's Village," a misprint for " Pipe Village," (Calumet). The 
 " Croekodile River " now empties into the lake between the mouth of Fond du Lac River and 
 "Pope's Village." 
 
 The first map of " Wiskonsin Territory, Compiled from Public Surveys," gives Fond du 
 Lac as one of the surveyed counties of the Territory, noting thereon the village of Fond du Lac 
 in its proper position at the " head of the lake," but the river upon which it is located has the 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 349 
 
 name " Soochera." The " U. S. Military Road," from Green Bay to Fort Winnebago (now 
 Portage, Columbia Co.), passes through the county, first in a southwesterly direction, then nearly 
 west. From this road branches oflf another, running southwest to ■' Waushara," on the south 
 side of " Fox Lake," in what is now the northwest part of Dodge County, thence to " Dekorra," 
 on the east side of the Wisconsin River, below the "portage," in what was then Portage (now 
 Columbia) County. On this map. Fond du Lac County is represented as containing, besides its 
 present limits, the whole of what is now Winnebago County, south of the Fox River. " Osh- 
 kosh," is a small village in this county, wholly on the south side of Fox River, at the point 
 where it ilows into Winnebago Lake. In the northwest part of the county is " Rush Lake." 
 A road or trail crosses the Fox River at the outlet of the " Great Butte Des Morts Lake," run- 
 ning in a southwest direction to "Ida," on the north side of "Swan Lake," in "Portage County; " 
 thence in a northwest course to " Fort Winnebago," traversing first the northwest portion of 
 what is represented as Fond du Lac County, then the southeast part of what was Marquette 
 County at that date and the northeast corner of Portage County as then constituted. This was 
 a very direct route, going northeast from Fort Winnebago to Green Bay. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. 
 
 When in December, 1836, a certain portion of the territory of Brown County was desig- 
 nated as a new county, and called Fond du Lac, no provision was made for its organization. 
 It had not a sufficient population. There was, indeed, but one family residing within its 
 designated boundaries. All that could be done was to say where its county-seat should be, 
 and that the county should be attached to some other county for judicial purposes. The 
 county seat was " established at the town of Fond du Lac," and the county was " attached to 
 the county of Brown for judicial purposes." Finally, by an act of the Territorial Legislature, 
 approved March 11, 18-39, the county was to be organized, but "for the purposes of county 
 government only;" it was still to remain a part of Brown County for all judicial purposes. 
 The act of organization says : 
 
 Section 5. The county of Fond du Lac shall be organized for the purposes of county government only from 
 and after the first Monday in April next, at which time the election for county otfioers shall be held at the places 
 and in the manner provided by law, and the candidate for County Commissioner hiiving the highest number of votes 
 shall serve two years from and .after the first Monday in August next ; the candidate having the next highest shall 
 serve for one year from the time aforesaid, and the candidate being thinl on the list shall serve until the first Monday 
 of August next, or until their successors are duly elected and qualified. The retui-ns of the first election shall be 
 made to the Clerk of the County Commissioners of Brown County, who shall canvass the votes and certify the result 
 of the election in the manner provided in other cases. 
 
 Sec. G. The said county shall remain attached to the county of Brown for judicial purposes, and shall pay 
 annually into the county treasury of Brown County .5 per cent of all taxes levied and collected in said county of 
 Fond du Lac, for the purpose of defraying the expenses of courts ; and the qualified voters of said county shall have 
 ' power, on the first Monday of April next, to elect a collector to discharge the duties incident to that ortice in pl.ace 
 of the Sheritf ; and such Collector shall continue in office until the first, Monday of August next and until his 
 successor sh.all be elected and qualifie'l, and thereafter a collector shall annually, on the first Monday of August, be 
 elected, and in case of a vacancy in the office of Collector, the County Commissioners shall have power to supply such 
 vacancy until the next annual election. • 
 
 Sec. 7. All duties in relation to any election required to be performed by a Sheriff within said county m.ay be 
 performed by a deputy, to be appointed in such county by the Sheriff of the county of Brown. 
 
 An election was held, August 6, 1839, under this law, resulting in the choice of John 
 Bannister, Edward Pier and Reuben Simmons, as Commissioners ; A. Raymond, Treasurer ; 
 and J. Bannister, Register. The Commissioners organized their Board on the 9th of October 
 following, by electing Reuben Simmons, Chairman, and Mason C. Darling, Clerl*. Upon the 
 entering of these officers upon their respective duties, the county of Fond du Lac was organized 
 for all but judicial purposes, and began its onward career of prosperity. 
 
 It was not until " from and after the first Monday of March," 184-i, that Fond du Lac 
 County -^aa, fully organized. An act to organize it for judicial purposes was approved January 
 22 of that year, the provisions of which were as follows : 
 
 Section 1. That from and after the first Mondiy of March next, the county of Fond du Lac shall be organizcil 
 for judicial purposes, and shall enjoy all the privileges of other counties of this Territory. 
 
350 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Sec. 2. The countie.s of Sheboygan, Calumet ami Marquette are hereby attached to the county of Fond du Lao 
 for judicial purposes 
 
 Sec. 3. The said judicial county, composed of the counties of Fond du Lac, Sheboygan, Calumet and Mar- 
 quette, shall remain a part of the Third Judicial District, and the courts therein shall be held by the Judge of the 
 said district, at such times as shall be established by law. 
 
 Sec. 4. The first election of Sheritf for said judicial county shall be held in the several counties before 
 named, on the first Tuesday of April next, and thereafter at the time prescribed by law ; and the return of said 
 election shall be made to the Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of Fond du Lac County, who shall proceed to canvass 
 the same as the law requires. 
 
 Sec. 5. All writs, processes, appeals, recogiizances, or other proceedings, sued or commenced in the District 
 Court of Brown Couu'y, prior to the said first Monday of March next, shall be pi'oseouted to final judgment and 
 execution issued thereon in the same manner they might or could have been had this act not passed; anl execu- 
 tion on any judgment heretofore rendered in said court, shall have the like force and effect, an 1 maybe executed 
 and returned by the Sh5ri!f of said county of Browu, anything in any law of the Territory to the c mtrary notwith- 
 standing. 
 
 Sec. C. The county seat of Fond du Lac County is hereby established upon the north half of the northeast 
 ijuarter of Section Fifteen, Towa[ship] Fifteen nortli, of Range Seventeen east, in the town of Foud du Lac; Pro- 
 vided, a good .and sufficient warrantee deed, duly executed, of a public square for the location of county buildings, 
 embracing at least ninety thousand square feet [be delivered by the owners thereof to the county] ; .and a bond 
 entered into with the Board of Supervisors of the county, conditioned to provide a suitable room for holding courts 
 for the use of said county for the term of tliree years, the whole to be free of charge to the county, and to be entered 
 of record in the Register's ofBce of said county. But it is herein further provided, that unless such deed and bond, 
 duly executed, shall be thus recorded on or liefore the first Monday of March next, the county seat shall be and 
 remain .as now established by law ; and the Supervisors of said county shall be hereby authorized to provide a build- 
 ing for the temporary holding of such courts until county buildings shall be prepared at the county seat; and such 
 building thus provided (a certificate of such fact being recorded in the office of the Clerk of the Board of Supervisors 
 of said coun'y), shall be deemed to be the Court House of said county. 
 
 .Sec. 7. All appeals to be taken in the manner provided by law, from the decisions of the Probate Court of 
 the district composed of the counties of Sheboygan and Manitowoc shall be made and returaed to the District Court 
 of Brown County, any law to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 Sec. 8. From and .after the first Monday of March next, the county of M,arquette shall be organized for county 
 purposes, and the first election for county officers of said county shall be held on the first Tuesday of .Vpril next, at 
 the house of S. W. Beall, the place appointed by law for holding the annual town meeting, and the returns of the 
 election of such county officers shall be made to the Town Clerk of the town of Marquette, who is hereby author- 
 ized to canvass the same and to issue certificates of election. 
 
 Sec. 9. Such election shall be conducted in all respects as the law requires for conducting the town meetings, 
 and it shall be the duty of the Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of Fond du Lac County to post up notices of such 
 election, and also of the town meeting of the town of Marquette, at two or more places in such county ten days at 
 Ie.a3t before the day of such meeting. 
 
 Sec 10. The several towns in the counties of Calumet and Marquette, and the county of Sheboygan, shall 
 annually pay to the Treasurer of Fond du Lac County, S per centum of all taxes, except schoolhouse taxes, levied 
 therein, to .assist in defraying the expenses of courts. And it is hereby made the duty of the Collectors of the sev- 
 eral towns in the counties aforesaid, and of the Collector of the county of Sheboygan, to collect and pay such per- 
 centage to the Treasurer of the county of Fond du Lac, on or before the first Monday of January in each year ; and 
 the receipt of sucn Treasurer siiall be a good and sufficient voucher for such amount in settlement with the Treasurer 
 of his own proper town or county, and the Collectors of such towns and counties sh.all be liable to the county of 
 Fond du Lac, under their official bonds, for the payment, as aforesaid, for the percentage herein mentioned. 
 
 Sec. 11. From and after the first Monday of March next, all assessments that shall be made in the county of 
 Fond du Lac, for the purpose of raising taxes, shall embrace improvements on real estate, in addition to the property 
 now liable by law to taxation. 
 
 .Sec 12. The Clerks of the Boards of County Supervisors of the counties of Calumet and Marquette, and the 
 Clerk of the Board of Commissioners of .Sheboygan County, shall be required to forward to the Clerk of the Board 
 of Supervisors of Fond du Lac County, on or before the first Monday of April next, a certified copy of the poll-lists 
 of the last annual election : and the Board of Supervisors of the county of Fond du Lac is hereby required to meet 
 at the Clerk's office, in said county, on some day prior to the first day of May next, for the purpose of preparing a 
 list of jnrors, and taking any other measux-es necessary to carry out the provisions of this act. 
 
 Sec. 13. The Clerks of the several towns in the counties of Fond du Lac, Calumet and Marquette, and the (Uerk 
 of the Board of Commissioners of Sheboygan County, shall post up notices of the election of Sheriff for such county 
 at the proper places, at least ten days prior to the said day of election. 
 
 Sec. 14. [This section brought the southern part of Lake Winnebago within the bounds of Fond du Lac County, 
 and is recited in the article entitled " Fond du Lac County Boundaries Established," to be found elsewhere.] 
 
 Sec. 1.'). [This section submitted the question of the annexation of Winnebago County to Fond du Lac County 
 for judicial purposes, to the legal voters of the first-mentioned county, for adoption or rejection, '■ on the day of the 
 annuiil town meeting in April next." The election was held on the 2d of that month, at which time twenty-five votes 
 were cast in fiivor of being attached to Fond du Lac County, and five against.] 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DF LAC COrNTY. 361 
 
 PIONEER REMINISCENCES. 
 
 I.— By Samuel A. Storroav. 1817. 
 
 At mid-day of the 22d of September [1817], I took leave of Maj. [Zachary] Taylor and 
 the officers of the Third Regiment [then stationed at Green Bay], who had most kindly enter- 
 tained me. I likewise took a reluctant leave of my excellent companion, Mr. Pierce. For the 
 residue of the day, my course lay on the left bank [west side] of the [Fox] river, through good 
 lands and a growth of oak. I passed two springs strongly impregnated with sulphur, and at 
 night stopped at a rapid of the river called Kakalin, being the last house and the last whites I 
 expected to see for the distance of 2-50 miles [to Fort Dearborn, now Chicago]. 
 
 On the 23d, I entered the wilderness, attended by my Indian guide and a soldier of the 
 Third Regiment, who led a pack-horse loaded with provisions and presents for the natives. We 
 forded the Fox River, and, losing sight of it, proceeded in a westwardly direction ; at first 
 through a small Indian path, and, this failing us, through a wilderness entirely trackless. 
 
 The journey this day was piinful and uninteresting. The thickness of the forest rendered 
 marching difficult, and almost entirely impeded the horse ; but for exertions in assisting him 
 over crags and cutting away branches and saplings with our tomahawks, we should have been 
 obligel to abandon him. The land was broken with hillocks and masses of rock. The growth 
 of timber indicated a cold soil, notwithstanding which we occasionally saw the sugar maple. At 
 night we lay on the ground. On the morning of the 24th, we resumed our march, extremely 
 chilled. The thickness of the forest prevented the rays of the sun from coming to the earth, 
 and during the previous night the guide [supposed to be Tomah, a Menomonee. chief] had 
 obliged us to keep small fires, from fear of the Winnebagoes, who were about us, and from whom 
 there is always cause for apprehension. 
 
 After a toilsome march of eight or nine hours, we arrived abruptly at the shores of a circular 
 lake, which I found to be Lake Winnebago. I never experienced a more grateful transition 
 than from the damp and tangled wood to the sunny margin of this beautiful water. It is nearly 
 round, and apparently about sixty miles in circumference. For a short time, we walked upon 
 the beach, but, finding it too narrow, we were again obliged to resort to our uncomfortable way 
 through the thicket. While upon the beach, I remarked that the number of primitive rocks 
 were unusual for this region. Granite, micaceous schistus, quartz pebbles and trap were mixed 
 with unequal proportions of secondary limestone. On the upland, the formations were exclu- 
 sively of limestone. 
 
 My intention was to reach an Indian village, said to be on the southern shore of the lake. 
 Having journeyed all day, and slept in the same manner as the previous night, we resumed our 
 march on the morning of the 25th. Amelioration of the grounds, a few foot-paths and traces 
 of habitation denoted that we were near the object of our destination, and, shortly afterward, in 
 passing from a wood, we saw it [the Indian village] at a distance. It was a village of Fals 
 Avoines [Wild Oats (wild rice), that is, Menomonees], situated on the edge of a prairie which 
 borders Lake Winnebago. The lake lay before it on one side [that is, on the west side], and 
 on the other the prairie, rising with a gentle acclivity from the margin of the water. The spot 
 was well chosen for beauty, warmth and fertility. There was nothing about it that indicated a 
 recent commencement. The grounds bore marks of long cultivation, and the few trees that 
 were left standing seemed as if distributed for ornament and shade. The village has received 
 the name of Calumet ["Pipe Village"] ; it consists of about one hundred and fifty souls, and 
 has rarely been visited by whites, except a few voyageurs on their way to the Ouisconsin [Wis- 
 consin River]. 
 
 At our approach, the villagers poured from their cabins, and gave a general shout from the 
 unwonted sight (as I supposed) of a white man. Tomay [believed to be Tomah], the guide, was 
 received with kindness, and his introduction procured what Isupposed to be the same for myself. 
 But as their unrelaxing features, coldness and taciturnity would indicate anything rather than 
 
862 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 courtesy, it required the fullest conviction both of his and their intentions to enable me to place 
 such civility to its proper account. I seated myself on the grass, and was surrounded by the 
 whole population of Calumet, the men eyeing me with contemptuous indifference, the females 
 and children with a restless and obtrusive curiosity. 
 
 The distribution of tobacco among the former, and vermilion, salt, thread and needles 
 among the latter, led to a better understanding, and a reciprocity of good offices. Tomay was 
 to leave me at this place, after furnishing me with another guide ; a business which could not be 
 performed before the accomplishment of all the ceremonies of introduction. I was therefore 
 ushered, between the arms of two dingy brethren, to a small lodge, where we formed a circle, 
 smoked out of the same pipe, which went the rounds from mouth to mouth, and ate from a large 
 kettle of wild rice placed in the midst of us. Our repast was made without the utterance of a 
 single word, and I know not how long the silence and uncomfortable posture in which I sat 
 might have continued, had I not made signs to Tomay that I wished to make a general visit to 
 the lodges and then depart. In this visit, I found nothing more than I had seen among nations 
 from whom I had expected less. Sloth, filth and indifference as tp the goods or ills of life, form 
 the same characteristics of the remote Indians as of those nearer to us. The similarity of traits 
 is radical ; disparity of situation makes but accidental shades. Necessity gives to the foresters 
 an energy which contact with the whites takes from the lower tribes. They present fewer 
 instances of helplessness, petty vices and premature decay from intemperance, but substitute in 
 their stead the grosser and more unrelenting features of barbarism. 
 
 In the different cabins, the right of proprietorship seems well understood, but in none were 
 there more goods than were i-equisite for immediate use ; and such food as did not serve for the 
 day was generally trampled under foot. They seemed affectionate to their children, who were, 
 to a peculiar degree, sprightly and handsome. The younger women possess good features, but 
 wither at an early age from the smoke of the cabins and hard labor in the fields. 
 
 While I had been feasting in the lodge, my man had received food in the field, where he sat 
 an object of the wonder of all the children of the village. Tomay had procured me two guides, 
 no one being willing to undertake the task alone, from fear of the Winnebagoes. I now prepared 
 to depart, and endured the too affectionate embrace of Tomay and a large portion of his tribe ; 
 the black and red testimonials of which were left on my cheek. After this operation, from 
 which the sisterhood were excluded, I departed with my two guides and attendant, amidst the 
 shouts of the village. 
 
 My course was now for Chicago. The soldier who was with me had a trifling knowledge 
 of some of the Indian languages, but not sufficient to procure an explanation of the sort of 
 country we were to find, or the difficulties we had to encounter; we therefore looked to our 
 Indian companions for nothing, relying solely on our own strength and perseverance to carry us 
 through the unknown region. The first direction was southwardly for about four miles, over a 
 fertile prairie, occasionally shaded by a small growth of oak ; passing this we inclined toward the 
 west, and, after traversing a swamp, entered an extensive prairie, low and without trees, but 
 bearing a luxuriant growth of grass of an average height of five feet. On the north, it bordered 
 the Winnebago Lake, and on every other side was fringed with forests appearing on the edge of 
 the horizon. At a late hour we reached higher ground, where we slept. Since leaving the 
 village, we had passed several cabins, and many Indians of a singular and grotesque appearance, 
 armed with bows and arrows. 
 
 On the 26th, having left the low prairie, we traversed a more elevated tract, distributed in 
 gentle undulations, from the summit of which I could see grounds of the same character extend- 
 ing in every direction. There were no forests nor any undergrowth, more than low shrubbery. 
 The immense park, for it bore that appearance, was beautified by a growth of oak, occasionally 
 single, and sometimes in groups, as if planted by art. I could scarcely imagine that a distribu- 
 tion so consonant to the laws of taste could have been made without the agency of man. [This 
 "park," as every Wisconsin reader will readily see, was an "oak opening."] At about mid- 
 day, the face of the country changed to a lower and wet soil, which continued for the distance of 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DI^ LAC COUNTY. 353 
 
 four or five miles, when it gave place again to one higher and better watered, although inade- 
 quately, with small rivulets, and covered with white and red oak, and sometimes hickory. The 
 white oaks were of the largest size. In the afternoon, I arrived at the bank of a shallow, slug- 
 gish stream [Milwaukee River] about fifty yards in width, running toward the southeast. The 
 fine tract I had passed in the early part of the day was badly watered. From 4 o'clock of the 
 preceding day to 1 of the present, I met no signs of water, not even the smallest brook. 
 
 On the morning of tlie 27th, I found a severe frost. There was no water where we lay. 
 The ground being swampy, we dug a large hole with our tomahawks, and it was soon filled ; but 
 although this spot was but one hundred yards distant from the fire, neither of the Indians would 
 go to it alone. They frequently, during the night, put their ears to the ground, as if to listen 
 for noises. At about 10 o'clock, after having passed grounds inferior to those of yesterday, we 
 came to a small and handsome body of water about eight miles in circumference [Cedar Lake, 
 in the present towns of West Bend and Polk in Washington County] ; shortly after to a second 
 [Silver Lake] of about three miles ; and after that, to a third [Little Cedar Lake] of about five 
 miles in circumference [the former in West Bend, and the latter in West Bend and Polk]. I 
 remained for some time to admire the beauty of these sequestered waters. Their stillness was 
 disturbed only by the wild fowl, that were too little accustomed to the sight of man to heed my 
 approach. The lands shortly became better, and more abundantly wooded and watered than 
 those of yesterday, the white oak being the largest I had ever seen. The country may be said 
 to be without rocks, the few I had seen during the last two days were detached, and of granite. 
 The march of the present day has been more interesting than that of the day preceding, being 
 relieved from the sameness of the prairies by occasional forests. In passing from the latter into 
 the former, I realized the effect of what Denon describes on the plains of Egypt under the name 
 of mirage. The thickets do not cease gradually, but change abruptly from forest into glade, so 
 as to present to the traveler the atmosphere above the distant meadow, in the certain shape and 
 appearance of water. The illusion was many times so perfect as to convince me that, on leaving 
 the wood that was about me, I should be led to the margin of some great lake of which I had 
 before received no account. The Indians were equally deceived, and finding the error by seeing 
 the wood skirted by land instead of water, cried out " Manitou " (devil) — imputing the optical 
 illusion to the agency of a spirit. 
 
 Throughout the day, the course had been southeast. I supposed myself to be not far 
 distant from the dividing I'idge between the Mississippi and Lake Michigan [that is, between 
 the streams flowing into Rock River and the Milwaukee] ; knowing that the elevation was not 
 very remote from the lake itself Some of the prairies bore the appearance of having become 
 so by art. At night, I slept in one which was a perfectly formed parallelogram of about 900 
 yards by •')00. 
 
 We commenced our march at sunrise of the 28th. The [two Indians] guides, who, during 
 part of the preceding day, had been sullen and silent, seemed now in entire ignorance of the way, 
 and were leading toward the northeast. I refused to follow them, and after a fruitless and 
 vexatious attempt to understand each other, or know if they understood the way, I insisted on 
 their leaving me ; which they did after a long and unintelligible altercation. I should not have 
 resorted to this measure, which left me alone in the wilderness, had I not been convinced that a 
 day's march, properly directed, would bring me to the shores of Lake Michigan, or the River 
 Millewackie [Milwaukee], where there are large settlements of Pottawatomies ; but following 
 them I might be led I knew not where. Of their worthlessness I had already been convinced. 
 My attendant and myself, being now left alone, pursued an eastwardly direction by compass, to 
 endeavor to reach the shores of the lake. In the afternoon, we saw a track leading toward 
 the southward; we followed it, and finding to our joy that it widened, continued in it until 
 toward evening, when I caught from an eminence a distant view of a great water, which I 
 supposed to be Lake Michigan. On nearer approach, I perceived a river and an Indian village, 
 the coincidence of which convinced me that I had reached the Millewackie at the confluence 
 with the lake. 
 
354 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 II.— By Hexry S. Bated. 1859. 
 
 The principal trading-posts, at that period [1824], in Northern Wisconsin, were the follow- 
 ing: Milwaukee, Sheboygan and Manitowoc, on Lake Michigan; Menomonee River, Peshtigo 
 and Oconto, on Green Bay ; Fond du Lac, Calumet and Oshkosh, on Winnebago Lake ; Wolf 
 River, Lake Shawano and the portage of the Fox and Wisconsin. At all these points, Indian 
 villages were located ■. and it is a remarkable feature in the settlement of Wisconsin, that all or 
 nearly all of the principal cities which now meet our view were originally sites of Indian village.s. 
 For many years prior to 1824, the northern portion of Wisconsin was occupied by the Winne- 
 bagoes, Menomonees, Chippewas and some Pottawatomies. But the two first-named tribes 
 owned nearly all of the country in the present State lying on Lake Michigan and the Missis- 
 sippi, Wisconsin, Fox and Wolf Rivers ; the Winnebagoes, on the west side of Winnebago 
 Lake, on the Upper Fo.x and on the Wisconsin, the Menomonees on the east side of Winnebago 
 Lake, on the Lower Fox, on the Wolf River, on Green Bay and on the west shore of Lake 
 Michigan. Both of these tribes were then powerful and held in great awe by the few white 
 inhabitants then in this country. The Winnebagoes, in 1824, numbered, perhaps, upward of 
 six thousand; the Menomonees between three and four thousand. 
 
 III.— By Henry Meeeell. 
 
 In March, 1836, 1 wanted to go [from Fort Winnebago, now Portage, Columbia Co., Wis.] by 
 way of Sheboygan, on a journey to New York ; so the commanding oificer [of the fort] gave a 
 soldier by the name of Moore a furlough for the rest of his time — about a month — and his dis- 
 charge, for the purpose of accompanying me. 1 got a jumper-sleigh and a harness, calculating 
 to throw the sleigh away when it was necessary ; put my horse before the jumper, and Moore 
 and I started. We went to Fond du Lac, where we found, on the bank of the stream, part of 
 an old wigwam and decided to encamp in it. I went to building a fire, and Moore went to the 
 stream for water. I heard him talking and supposed some Indian had come up ; but on his 
 return he said he was swearing ; for he had to cut through three feet of ice before he got water. 
 We made our tea, ate our supper, and slept finely. Next morning we started east, but, after 
 getting upon the highlands, the small bushes were so thick I told my companion we could not 
 take the sleigh any farther ; so we left it and packed our baggage on the horse, Moore and I 
 walking. When I got tired I mounted the horse and rode, and after getting rested would jump 
 oflF and lead him. 
 
 At length we struck a trail and followed it, supposing it must lead to Sheboygan ; but after 
 going some distance, I concluded it led too far south ; so we altered our course and struck north 
 of east. As night approached, I selected a camping-ground near a little lake, as we supposed. 
 The snow was so frozen to the ground we could not get it off; so I cut a lot of bushes with the 
 leaves on and spread them on the frozen snow, upon which we lay after building a good fire and 
 eating our supper. Moore said he cut through three feet of ice for water and struck into mud, 
 thus proving it to be a marsh instead of a lake. We had to melt ice for water. The next day 
 we pushed on, and, hearing the report of a gun, I called aloud and an Indian came up, who 
 directed us to a trail which took us to a house on the river, where a man by the name of Follet 
 was living. I had intended stopping here a day to look at some land I had purchased, but Fol- 
 let told me he had no hay or anything for my horse, and there was none to be had, as there were 
 no other inhabitants in that region. I found he had some cornmeal and I persuaded him to let 
 me have a peck, for which I paid him $1. I then decided upon going on in the morning. Moore 
 struck up a bargain with Follet for a pony to ride to Chicago, so we mounted in the morning 
 and renewed our journey. 
 
 IV.— By Ebenezer Guilds. 1858. 
 
 The next day [early in February, 18-38] I started alone from Fort Winnebago, [now 
 Portage] for Green Bay. There was not then a house between Fort Winnebago and Fond du 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 355 
 
 Lac. The snow was deep across the prairies. I overtook two Stockbridge Indians nearly 
 exhausted from fatigue and cold. I carried them in my jumper to the first timber, where we stopped 
 and made a large fire and left them. The snow was so deep that my horse could not draw them. 
 They stayed there until the next day and got home safe. If it had not been for me, they would 
 undoubtedly have perished on the prairie. I arrived at Green Bay safe and sound. There was 
 then but one house between Fond du Lac and Green Bay. The first log house erected in Fond 
 du Lac was built in ISoB; and Thomas Green kept the first public house there. 
 
 v.— By D. p. MAPK.S. 1870. 
 
 In February, 1849, myself and sons, from my home near by, where I had lived the pre- 
 ceding four years, came upon the beautiful spot — now Ripon — with axes in hand to strike the 
 first blows which were to change this beauty of nature into a village, that, with the help of the 
 pioneers, is now a beautiful city — a fine specimen of the work of man. The boys could not 
 resist that feeling for the beautiful which made them regret the necessity of spoiling so perfect a 
 picture, and I was as soft in my feelings as they : but man must labor and must earn his bread 
 by the sweat of his brow — the ax must go to the tree — feeling must yield to fertility. Then and 
 there I struck the blow which began what is now the city of Ripon. I purchased the ground 
 with certain conditions, some of which were that I should build a grist-mill and public house 
 within a year, and that I should keep the house myself for twelve months. I was to have the 
 Avater-power and every alternate lot. This called for an outlay of at least ^10,000, and was a 
 big undertaking: for what few dollars I had were in wild lands around what afterward became 
 the city of Ripon, and in the improvements I had been able to make ; but the mill was com- 
 pleted, the house was built and both were running in time. The hotel was called the Ripon 
 Ifcuse, then the American ; now Wood's Hotel occupies the site. 
 
 When the house was finished (that is, the Ripon House) we had to give an opening party, 
 for this was the custom in those days, and it was a great event. The parties of those times were 
 social, and brought great good feeling — extending acquaintances and making friendships over a 
 large section of country. People came from considerable distances to meet each other and find 
 neighbors. 
 
 It was no small job to make Ripon to equal or outdo its neighbors ; all of them had two, 
 three or more years the start of us. We were on no navigable waters ; we then had no rail- 
 roads ; and our little stream, although beautiful, was small for a water-power. 
 
 One of our first and best efforts was the commencing of a college. We were then laughed 
 and jeered at for calling it a college, but how is it now '! I think it is worthy of the name, and 
 of all the efforts we made to get it. When Ripon had not a dozen dwellings, we put up and 
 inclosed the first college building. Our object was to draw around us a class of inhabitants 
 that would have pride to educate their children, and they would be good for every good work. 
 But it was a great undertaking : the country was new and the settlers very poor ; and we had to 
 resort to every honorable means to induce them to take hold of the work. I well remember our 
 getting up a Fourth of July celebration so as to get the people together. We were all too poor 
 to pay .50 cents for a dinner, so we made it a picnic, and the people came out in crowds. 
 Speakers addressed the assemblage, dwelling upon the advantages of a college and working up an 
 intense interest. With an old fife and drum at the head, we formed a procession and worked up 
 such enthusiasm that every one was for doing all he could. 
 
 A newspaper was another item in the early progress of Ripon which required eifort and 
 labor to establish, and without this the city might still have been little else than a four-corners. 
 We made many efforts to get a printer among us, but without success, until in 18.53 one of our 
 own number, A. P. Mapes. was induced to start the Herald, and blow a horn for Ripon. We have 
 had since that time several papers started, and they have been generally conducted with ability. 
 Among the early editors were E. L. Runals, C. J. Allen, T. J. Mapes and George W. Parker. 
 
 In 1849, we had no churches. Episcopal services, by the Rev. Mr. Ingraham, of Dartford, 
 were sometimes held in a shanty on the bank of Silver Creek, and, occasionally, the Rev. Mr. 
 
356 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Murphy, of Waupun, held Baptist services. He preached at Ceresco to the Wisconsin Phalanx ; 
 but the Phalanx, through their President, Warren Chase, had to report to the Governor of the 
 State yearly, and in one of his reports Mr. Chase said : " We have religious services by the 
 Baptists, but not of that high order that the people are prepared to appreciate." Elder Murphy 
 preached no more. That ailmirable system of the Methodist Church, by which their circuit min- 
 ister travels between rich and poor settlements, and can get out of the poor into the rich before 
 he starves, is an excellent arrangement, for which all new settlements should thank them. To 
 •this system we were also indebted for occasional religious services. 
 
 In 1849, where the public square now is in Ripon was brush and underwood. The popu- 
 lation of the place then consisted of myself and family and of my two sons and their families. 
 Then came the Pedericks — father and sons ; then E. L. Northrup and wife, and with them, as 
 clerk, E. P. Brockway ; then Asa Hill and family ; then — well, they came so fast after this that 
 I cannot follow them ; but it was from these first settlers that our help in energy and liberty came. 
 
 In 1849, the present town of Ripon, the post oflBce, and what is now the First Ward of the 
 city, was called Ceresco. Now they are all Ripon. Some may ask, why these names? And 
 why this change ? Ceresco was the name given to the entire town by the Wisconsin Phalanx, 
 an association that had settled in the valley in 1844, and who had control of all town matters in 
 its earliest days. 
 
 Ripon was at first the name of what is now only a part of the city. It originated in this way : 
 At the time I purchased of Gov. Horner, he asked the privilege of giving the name to our 
 village. This I granted with these restrictions: First, that it should not be a personal name; 
 second, that it should not be like any other name in the United States ; third, that it should not 
 be an Indian name ; and, lastly, that the name should be short. Horner's ancestors came from 
 Ripon, England. That name he selected ; and, as it was not open to any of the objections I h*i 
 mentioned, it was adopted. 
 
 In 1849, we had no railroads except some of basswood with the rails running the wrong 
 way, and if any of us made a trip to Milwaukee in a week it was considered fast time. We 
 now make the journey in a day, and grumble because it is slow. 
 
 In 1849, the naked prairies were our only race-course and fair-grounds, and there were no 
 associations to run them. Now, we have a beautiful driving-park and fair-grounds, with a fine 
 inclosure, track, stands, buildings and everything complete, but, above all, two hundred stock- 
 holders — two hundred as live men as ever associated in any enterprise. The organization of 
 this association — " The Ripon Agricultural Association" — and the getting-up of its grounds and 
 buildings in thirty days, and the extraordinary success of its undertakings, are something border- 
 ing on the marvelous ! These two hundred men are just as liberal, go-ahead, energetic men as 
 you find anywhere. It is to these and to others like them that the city of Ripon owes most of 
 its prosperity. 
 
 Pioneers always have some doleful tales to tell of privations and hardships gone through with 
 in settling up a new country, but I have none to relate. When I was a boy, I had some e.xperi- 
 ence in the hardships of clearing up heavy timber, but here we had none of that. Our meadows 
 were all ready to put in the scythe and cut all the hay we wanted. The ground was already 
 cleared, ready to put in the plow. Could there be anything more delightful than our work in 
 improving our prairie farms? And they have paid so well ! You farmers must not get the 
 blues. Wheat will rise in value. If it does not, raise something else. Your lands are rich, 
 you have good markets at your door, and you get your lumber here in Ripon as cheap as it can 
 be purchased anywhere in the country. The climate here is as good as any in the world ; no 
 long droughts, but alternate rain and sunshine. I hear some wishing they could sell out and go 
 where the winters are shorter. Why are you so fearful of winter ? You are not obliged to do 
 more than to make the contrast agreeable. Your fuel is cheap ; so fill your stove, look out of 
 the window and whistle at the cold. Do not go away from Central Wisconsin to find a better 
 place — you cannot do it ! You may be proud to say, when away from home, that you hail from, 
 Ripon. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAO COUNTY. 367 
 
 If your daughter is educated at Ripon College, that will pass her to a good husband ; if 
 your son is schooled here, his addresses will be cordially received in the best families of the 
 country. I have seen the little girl grow up here to be the accomplished lady ; to be the bride 
 gracing the drawing-rooms of Eastern cities. My own daughter was schooled here. She and 
 her husband went away from Ripon. They brought her back and laid her upon that beautiful 
 hill ! Beautiful? Yes, if there can be beauty in a graveyard, it is in that spot of ground Iving 
 in the very center of the city, so retired from the stir and bustle of business ; it is " death in 
 the midst of life." I have dear friends there; and when the time comes that I must go, you 
 that may be present, lay me quietly by their side. Were I to tell you how many years I have 
 lived, you might think that that time cannot be delayed long, and it may not be, but it is not 
 the number of years that always make men old, but liow those years have been lived I 
 
 I had almost forgotten some of our early institutions. When I speak of our first livery 
 stable it will cause a smile upon the face of him who recollects the proprietor — Jesse Campion. 
 Do you see him ? an English plowman, with a walk that gave a peculiar swing to his body, as 
 though one foot was traveling on the land and the other in the furrow. His •■' 'orses " were 
 three, one spavined, and two ringboned. He used to carry his passengers by weight ; distance 
 was of no account, for his customers had to pay his bills on the road. His was the first wedding 
 in the city. He married a Yankee girl. 
 
 The first dray horse in Ripon was " Dick." He had the misfortune to break a leg while 
 on the road from Milwaukee to Ripon, and was turned out to die; but "Dick " did not die. 
 His leg calloused over so that he could be used, and the public did their draying with him. 
 He was a sort of public property, for he who got " Dick " up first had the best right. But the 
 citizens began to quarrel who should use him, and, as he was my property, I sold him into other 
 service. 
 
 Our first Congregational clergyman was a young man by the name of Sherrill. He was 
 fresh from the schools, and had much to learn of Western men and manners. He officiated at 
 the second wedding, and weddings of those days were not as Ripon weddings now are. The 
 groom was a young carpenter of about twenty years, the bride a young girl of about thirty. 
 They had walked about six miles to the village and found Mr. Sherrill away from home, but he 
 was expected back soon. They waited ; the hours went away slowly to them ; the girl got very 
 impatient, and would go to the window every few minutes, fearing, apparently, that he would not 
 come so as to marry them that night. But he came at last, and the poor girl was happy. 
 
 At an early day, when the community resorted to hot bricks, and, perhaps, a little No. 6 
 for medicine, we had no drug stores. Perhaps Mr. Northrup or Mr. Starr might have supplied 
 us with opodeldoc or pain-killer, but that would have been all. Now we have fine and 
 extensive drug stores, the fixtures of which are alone worth more than the whole of Ripon was 
 then. 
 
 Now we have extensive stocks of boots and shoes ; but, in pioneer days, the best you could do 
 was to get a pair of stogies of Mr. Starr. I remember one pair that he sold. An immigrant, 
 who had just moved into the town of Rosendale, walked into Ceresco barefooted to get himself 
 boots. He said he had a pair at home that were calfskin, but for every-day use they were too 
 costive .' Mr. Starr sold him a pair less costive. 
 
 If we had in those early days a milliner shop, the business must have been poor, for, at that 
 time, our ladies were glad to trim over their old bonnets, and make the new ones themselves. 
 Now, it is changed. In war times, this business was prosperous, and the shops made money, 
 and built up several fine establishments for such as kept up with the fashions and tastes of the 
 day. I think the gentlemen, who have now to pay millinery bills, ought to be thankful for the 
 late improvements ; for a lady's hat used to cost $10 and upward, but they must be cheaper 
 now they are so vert/ small. I do not mean to ridicule the fashions, for I like to see a well- 
 dressed lady, and see her dress in the fashion. Gentlemen who travel much know how a well- 
 dressed lady looks to them after making a trip up in the backwoods where the poor woman has 
 to work hard and go barefooted. 
 
358 HISTORY OF FOXI) DU LAC COT'NTY. 
 
 Now, take Ripon as it was and compare it with the present, and are we not all satisfied with 
 its progress ? Take Ripon as she is and compare her with other places, and is there not full 
 reason to be proud of her 'i 
 
 VI.— By Gx-.stave De Xeyeu. 1875. 
 
 On the 20th day of April, 1838, I came from Detroit to Green Bay on a rickety old steam- 
 boat whose name I have forgotten, but believe it was called the Pennsylvania. We had a terri- 
 bly rough passage and came pretty near going down to the bottom of Lake Huron. The water 
 was knee-deep in the cabin ; we had to stand on chairs and tables or to lie in the upper berths 
 in order to keep ourselves dry. This was during a dark night opposite Saginaw Bay. We were 
 unable to make the safe harbor of Presque Isle in the dark, as there was not a single lighthouse in 
 those days on the eastern shores of Michigan between Fort Gratiot and Mackinaw, a stretch of 
 about two hundred and fifty miles, and had to put back to Port Huron. 
 
 While in Green Bay, hearing excellent accounts of the country about the head of Lake 
 Winnebago, its fiirthest end, as the French name of Fond du Lac implies, I made up my mind 
 to visit it. Through the kind offices of Messrs. Charles and Alex. Grignon, sons of Augustin 
 Grignon, of Big Butte des Morts Lake, I procured the services of two Menomonee Indians, 
 who understood French, and started with them in a bark canoe. At night, the canoe was drawn 
 upon the shore, carefully propped on edge, answering the purpose of a tent ; a fire was kindled 
 opposite, and as we always had plenty of ducks and fish besides the provisions we had brought 
 along, we were very comfortable. Thus I visited Neenah, Garlic Island, the present site of the 
 city of Oshkosh and Lake Buttes des Morts as far as Winneconne. At Oshkosh, Mrs. Stanley, 
 of that place, wishing to visit the family of Edward Pier, asked me to give her passage in my 
 boat, which, as there was plenty of room, I readily granted. We passed the old log house, 
 erected by the Fond du Lac Company, which many of you no doubt remember, and landed on the 
 prairie, near the place where Mr. George McWilliams' house stands, this point being apparently 
 the head of canoe navigation, and walked across the prairie to the house of Mr. Pier, which was 
 in sight from that point and about one mile and a half distant. Like all the other houses in 
 the country at that time, it was constructed of logs. It stood not far from the place now occu- 
 pied by his residence. We were very cordially received. Hearing of a little lake seen by Mr. 
 Pier in the vicinity, I resolved to visit it, and so the next morning I started with Albert Ken- 
 dall, a brother of Mrs. Pier. We found the lake and walked clear around it, returning to Mr. 
 Pier's house by noon. The lake was charming in its quiet beauty; its placid face reflected the 
 surrounding woods which bent down over it as if endeavoring to kiss the waves. I was quite 
 charmed by the scene and resolved that L^ncle Saui and myself would have a trade about that 
 lake. This was consummated on the 17th of May by my purchasing the lake and all the land 
 around it, and also the quarter-section in the town of Fond du Lac now owned by Mr. James 
 Wright, being something over five hundred acres. 
 
 Permit me here to correct, for perhaps the hundredth time, a mistake which, the more it is 
 contradicted the more it seems to gain currency, viz., that I purchased that lake believing it to 
 be a marsh. From what I have just said, my hearers will certainly know how utterly impos- 
 sible it was for me to have made such a mistake. I presume that the report originated from the 
 fact that when I arrived at Green Bay to buy the tract, I found that the Government Surveyor 
 who had surveyed the lake in the winter had failed to perform his duty, and had found it more 
 convenient to report it as a marsh than to ascertain its nature and meander it as he should have 
 done. The officers in the land office had no discretionary powers in the premises and I had to 
 pay for the lake which the partiality of my neighbors had named after me, or to go without it. 
 But I do not regret my action. The lake is well worth all I had to pay for it. 
 
 The next day I went back to my bark canoe, taking back Mrs Stanley to Oshkosh, well 
 pleased with her visit. At Grand Chute, now Appleton, I enjoyed the splendid excitement, not 
 free from danger, of shooting down the fall, some seven feet almost perpendicular, and of admir- 
 ing the skill with which the guides avoided the rocks in the rapids below, the contact of which 
 would have been instant death. 
 
HISTORY OF rOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 359 
 
 A few days later, having completed my purchase and procured some necessary articles, I 
 took advantage of the company of a body of troops marching from Green Bay to Fort Winne- 
 bago, now Portage. Capt. Marryatt, the humorous novelist, was one of the party. We 
 were together much of the time, shooting pigeons and partridges, while the soldiers were 
 engaged in cutting and repairing the military road. The Captain was on his way to St. Louis, 
 with tlie intention of visiting the Western plains to the Rocky Mountains, and invited me to 
 accompany him at his expense. I thankfully but firmly declined the offer, having traced out a 
 different line. After all, Capt. Marryatt never visited the Western plains, being recalled home 
 sooner than he had expected. 
 
 And now commenced for me the hardships incident to a new settlement in a wild country 
 — hardships of such a discouraging nature that when I look back upon those early days, I often 
 wonder how I could have withstood them, why I did not run away from my purchase and go 
 back to a civilized country, where I could earn my living in a far easier way. But Horace was 
 probably not the first who observed that man is so constituted that he is rarely satisfied with the 
 condition in which he finds himself, and is seduced mostly by what he does not possess. That 
 is what ailed Robinson Crusoe and many others, besides myself I had been for a few years 
 past following the profession of a teacher of the French language, for which I was tolerably 
 well qualified ; but my perverse nature and desires would lead me to become a tiller of the soil, 
 for which I was not qualified at all, and, let me add, probably never can be ; for farming is, in 
 the main, composed of two things: a very moderate amount of theory and a very large amount 
 of practice. After a while, things began to look very discouraging. There was a large amount 
 of things to be done, such as clearing, fencing, building, etc., and an equally large amount of 
 nothing to do them with. My pile, never very large, grew smaller by degrees, and I soon found 
 the bottom of it. 
 
 At the time I erected my log house, in May, 1888, there were four others in the county, 
 those of Colwert Pier, of Edward Pier, the old Fond du Lac House and that of Luke Laborde, 
 mine being the fifth and the only one of them still left standing. Dr. Darling, who had origin- 
 ally settled at Sheboygan, came to Fond du Lac about the time I did, but did not build his log 
 house, long since removed and whose place is now occupied by Darling's Block, until the fall 
 following. 
 
 That year, a few families settled in the county, among whom I remember particularly Mr. 
 Calvin Pier, his wife and such members of his family as were not already here ; also Joseph 
 Olmsted, his son-in-law; Mr. Wilcox settled at Waupun. A. D. Clark was erecting a saw-mill 
 on the school section. Two brothers by the name of Palmer were staying with John Bannister. 
 Frank McCarty and Reuben Simmons moved to Taycheedah with large families, in the early 
 spring of 1839. John T. Denniston and family lived with me. Among the early settlers I 
 remember, besides those named above, Patrick Kelly, William Stewart, Alonzo Raymond, 
 John Case, Samuel Wilkinson, William Hayes, Harvey Peck (now of La Crosse), William 
 Lalondre, Raphael St. 'Sla.ry and Brouillard, Joseph and Frank King, William Parsons, Samuel 
 Butler, John Treleven and his three brothers — Joseph, Daniel and Thomas, George W. Eliott, 
 B. F. Smith, Mr. Perry (father of two bankers of Fond du Lac), D. C. Brooks, Charles, Juba 
 and Erastus Olmsted, Gen. Ruggles, .Joseph Clark, who, if I mistake not, were all here by or 
 before 1842. In the fall of 1841, Mr. Joseph L. Moore started a store at Taycheedah, and 
 Mr. Frank Moore, his relative, came with him. It was a great convenience for the people to 
 have a store where they could procure necessaries. Moses Gibson started a store upon the 
 Main street of Fond du Lac, about the same time, and Messrs. Clock and Weikert also opened 
 one in the old Fond du Lac log house. 
 
 Until 1840, the Indians in this county outnumbered the whites at least ten to one ; they 
 were generally friendly, bringing venison and other game and wild honey and skins for sale or 
 exchange ; but sometimes they would kill hogs that they never paid for and had a way of set- 
 ting the woods on fire while hunting deer, burning up fences and pastures. 
 
 In 1840, John Bannister took the United States census, and I think the number of whites 
 of all ages was 139, all told, in Fond du Lac County. 
 
360 HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 In 1843, Col. H. Conklin moved with his family to the farm now owned by Mr. Lyman 
 Phillips. Gov. Tallmadge also came along about that time, and the ledge in Empire and Eden 
 was rapidly settled by Messrs. David Lyons, John and Henry Westervelt, Germond, Shoe- 
 maker, Mayhew. Sweet, Hatch, Vincent, and many other gentlemen, who came principally 
 from Dutchess County, N. Y., a valuable accession to the county. 
 
 Before 1841, the settlers received all their goods and furniture from Green Bay, by way of 
 the Fox River and Lake Winnebago. They were brought up in Durham boats, carrying eight 
 or ten tons and propelled up the rapids by a crew of ten or twelve men, the price charged 
 being f 1 per hundred pounds. The boats belonged to a company with the high-sounding name 
 of Fox River Transportation Company. Considering the laborious process of propelling the 
 boats up the rapids and making several portages, the price was certainly reasonable, although 
 when added to Green Bay prices it made commodities very dear to people who had hardly any 
 means of raising money. 
 
 The settlers generally brought with them clothing enough to last a year or two ; but in 
 spite of all the good wife could do in the way of mending and patching, it could not last for- 
 ever. Everything is perishable in this world and somehow clothes have a wicked way of being 
 most perishable of all; after awhile the original garments would not bear the patches. What 
 Mas to be done? Good looks will hardly pay for a new suit, especially in a country where there 
 are no stores. So it came to pass that the settlers bought from the Indians buckskin coats, 
 without being too particular about their being second-hand articles and smelling smoky. 
 Almost every one of the early settlers sported his Indian coat in those daj's, and I must confess 
 that they were quite light and comfortable, but they looked neither dandy nor very dignified. 
 Even the grave old doctor who founded the city of Fond du Lac wore one of the things at 
 times, and I must say that he did not look like a learned doctor at all. But still he looked 
 somewhat like an Indian doctor. The Indians called him Mushkiki-enini, the medicine 
 man. 
 
 The pants were often made of buckskin also ; more frequently the tattered garment was 
 faced with buckskin over the front, which operation gave it a longer lease of life and usefulness, 
 and, like charity, threw a mantle over many failings. Could you now see those courageous and 
 worthy men, many of whom have reached their last resting-places, leaving honored names and 
 good deeds behind them, file down Main street on a busy day, it would no doubt provoke a smile, 
 but with them it was the result of sheer necessity. 
 
 What about their fare ? Milk and butter tlicy had in abundance, and also pork and excellent 
 potatoes. They had enough of coarse food ; but as you know, variety is the spice of life, and to 
 eat constantly pork and potatoes and beans is apt to become monotonous in the end. George W. 
 Featherstonehaugh, of Calumet, said that he had fed so constantly on pork, that he could not 
 look a hog in the face without feeling guilty and blushing. Tea and coffee were quite scarce 
 articles, as well as sugar, and were not used freely, although a little was kept for company. The 
 country was ransacked for substitutes. Even such articles as wheat, barley, peas, beans, 
 dandelion roots, crust coffee and many other substitutes, were resorted to and decorated 
 with the names of tea and coffee, but when you came to taste, especially without sugar, the 
 fraud was too palpable and would not go down, in spite of all assurances that the drink was 
 very healthy indeed, far more so than the real articles, which, as everybody knows, are notori- 
 ously injurious to the system, t drank water mostly in those days. 
 
 The mail carrier had to do many errands for the settlers, buying for them in Green Bay 
 such light articles as tea or tobacco, and he was therefore a very popular character with the 
 settlers. But, after all, the greatest dependence in emergencies, and the one most practiced, 
 was borrowing. Every family knew pretty accurately the condition of the neighbors' flour or 
 pork barrel and supply of groceries. In case of sudden emergencies, some youngster was dis- 
 patched to the neighbor with compliments and the request of the loan of a cupful of tea or 
 some sugar, a few pounds of pork, or a panful or two of flour for a few days. Those few days 
 were often protracted into weeks, but the borrower was seldom called upon to return the loan 
 

 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 363 
 
 until the lender herself found her own provision exhausted, when frequently both parties had 
 to wait together for better times and more propitious skies. 
 
 After the establishment of stores the practice became less general. 
 
 Yet, in spite of these many privations, the settlers had many happy days. The positions 
 in which they were placed made them more dependent on one another than now, and they were 
 consequently excellent neighbors and always ready to assist each other, whether for a raising or 
 a logging bee; there was, I think, a greater cordiality. Often they would start in the morning, 
 with the old sled drawn by the yoke of oxen, and visit a neighbor perhaps three or four miles 
 away, and make a day of it, returning in time to do the chores and the milking, after enjoying 
 their visit far more than our fashionable calls are now enjoyed. x\t those visits, each party told 
 all its news, and talked over its plans for the future. Party politics were entirely ignored in 
 those days, and the offices were bestowed upon the best men. There was also an inexpressible 
 charm about the deep solitudes of the smiling prairies, dotted with beautifully variegated flowers. 
 Delicious wild strawberries were so plenty in places, that one could hardly take a step without 
 crushing some. The country was a very paradise for those who were fond of shooting, and 
 many times I have got, in two or three hours, as many prairie chickens and pigeons as I could 
 carry ; so that the people of the house declared they would throw them away unless I would do 
 my share of the picking. The fish and water-fowl were equally abundant. 
 
 This county has now attained a large population and considerable wealth The original 
 139 of 1840 have grown into more than 50,000 in 187-5. The poor early settlers are now 
 living either in affluence, or, at least, in ease and comfort. Their days of hardships, privations and 
 toil have passed away, and they can now sit under their own vine and fig-tree to enjoy the repose 
 they have so richly earned. Wealth has increased at a greater ratio than population. Good 
 dwellings have taken the place of the old log cabin, refinement has succeeded cramped poverty. 
 Fine turn-outs and good roads have replaced the sled, and the ox team, and the Indian trail. 
 Schoolhouses. some of them elegant structures, dot the land. This is as it should be, and with 
 you I rejoice that it is so. But are we not running from one extreme into another? Are we 
 not living a little too fast? Are our cakes and pies and puddings, our ice creams and sweet- 
 meats and dainty fare generally as conducive to health and bodily vigor as the coarser food of 
 former days? Do we take sufficient bodily exercise? Vigorous exercise creates a vigorous 
 appetite for strong, solid food ; a lack of it leads to dyspepsia and pallid cheeks, to a want of 
 desire for food ; the appetite has to be coaxed with dainty delicacies and condiments which are 
 injurious to the system. Late hours aggravate the evil. Please think a little on these things; 
 they deserve the consideration of all. Remember that there is neither happiness nor beauty 
 without health. 
 
 I would especially say a word of advice to those who are tempted to run into debt for the 
 acquisition of perishable articles of luxury. The day of reckoning must come and embitter the 
 enjoyment. Debt, in itself an evil under any circumstances, is only tolerable when contracted 
 for purposes of legitimate production, the acquirement of imperishable real estate or articles of 
 necessity, never for the gratification of luxurious living or ostentation. Better wait a year or 
 two and get what you wish when you have the money to pay with. 
 
 The periodical recurrence of commercial revulsions is always traceable, in a greater or 
 lesser degree, to the prevalence of extravagant living and display and consequent debt in the 
 community. Failures are simply impossibilities with those who owe nothing. A man who is 
 largely in debt is like Damocles with a sword suspended by a thread over his head. He does 
 not know when the sword is coming down; he is in constant dread and consequently cannot be 
 happy. Micawber is right ; let us live within our means and display nothing but what is our 
 own — what we have paid for. 
 
 A little reflection will enable you to understand how slow the improvement of the county 
 must have been in the early times of its settlement. Nature had done much, it is true ; the 
 climate was healthful, although the winters were cold, the soil was as fertile as could be wished, 
 prairies were inviting, and only required to be turned over to produce abundantly ; but everything 
 
 D 
 
364 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 had to be done, and there was not even a blacksmith-shop or a mill within twenty miles. 
 We frequently ground wheat, or parched-corn, in our coffee-mills. If an ax or hoe was lost or 
 broken, we had to procure others from Green Bay, sixty miles distant, a journey of three to 
 four days on horseback, the roads being impassable for wagons on account of the deep mud 
 holes ; nor do I think that there was a single lumber-wagon in the settlement or a good span of 
 horses. Hauling was mostly done with oxen with a sled or a cart. 
 
 Our mails were brought to us on the back of an Indian pony every Friday evening. John 
 Bannister was the Postmaster at the old Fond du Lac log house. On that day, I usually left 
 my place about 5 o'clock in the aftercoon and walked down six miles to get my mail. But I 
 never went without my dog and my trusty double-barrel. Sometimes on my return, between 
 10 and 11 at night, it was so dark that I could not see my way. I had to feel the old Indian 
 trail, which was worn some six inches below the adjoining level, and if I stepped out of that 
 trail I knew it instantly. I occasionally saw glaring eyes apparently looking at me as I walked 
 along, but was never attacked. 
 
 The mail carrier was a French boy of seventeen or eighteen, called Narcisse Baudoin. 
 Upon one occasion, having left the mail-bag with Mr. Bannister, he jumped on his pony to go 
 and spend the night as usual with Laborde, three miles distant. When about half a mile from 
 the house, he was suddenly attacked by a pack of wolves, which bit his nag very badly as well 
 as his own legs, and did not relinquish their purpose until he reached the house and people 
 came out to his help with lights. If he had had much farther to go, he would have been inev- 
 itably devoured by the ferocious brutes. 
 
 Improvement, I repeat, was slow. How could it be otherwise ? How far could fifty pairs 
 of arms go toward improving this great county or developing its resources ? You need not be 
 told that all improvements are the results of human labor and capital. The labor means men 
 to perform it, and they were not here ; the capital, if we except a few tools, house furniture and 
 provisions, was totally wanting. There was not a man who could show $200 in cash, and very 
 few who had even $10. That was the time of wild-cat money. The banks of Michigan had 
 all failed or suspended. There was one bank at Mineral Point which was good. There was 
 also one bank at Green Bay, called the Bank of Wisconsin. In January, 1840, the cashier 
 and teller took the assets of the bank and started in a double sleigh for Detroit. They were 
 pursued and overtaken by some Green Bay people, and surrendered some of the wild-cat money, 
 but it did not make much difference, for the money was good for nothing. Probably what the 
 Waupun man took along with him was better money. 
 
 Everything has changed since the early days, but who would repine ? Who would regret 
 the past ? Who would go back to the old hardships and privations ? Who would wish to see 
 again the long caravans of Indian ponies, squalid squaws and uncombed papooses ? Who 
 would desire to see again his bed sheets black with swarms of mosquitoes, to hear the whole 
 night long their hateful music, to feel again their stings, as well as those of other unnamable 
 insects ? For my part, I say most emphatically that I would not ; such experiences are enough 
 for one human life. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Lo have long since vanished from the scene ; the young Los are not within 
 sight or hearing, and we do not regret them. Novelists and poets have invested the Indian 
 character with romance and poetry. Hiawatha is very good as a work of fiction ; but we, who 
 have seen the Indian in all his squalor and debasement, cannot see the poetic side of him at all. 
 We know what the Indians are, and we are extremely fond of their absence. We have tried to 
 educate them in the arts of peace and civilization — in habits of industry and of self-supporting 
 reliance. Our efforts have proved mainly miserable failures. Like the denizens of their native 
 forests, they are untamable, and, like them, they will finally disappear. The onward march of 
 civilization is not to be arrested bv one species any more than by the other. Forward is the 
 motto. 
 
 What a sublime spectacle is presented to us by this nineteenth century, the grandest of 
 all those that preceded it ! What great discoveries have been made by the astronomer, the 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 365 
 
 chemist, the physicist, the mathematician, the geologist and the other men of science who are 
 patiently interrogating nature and wresting from her grasp the most hidden secrets ! 
 
 What grand results have already been achieved ! The steamboat, the railroad, the tele- 
 graph, the photograph and many other wonderful inventions, are only the earnests of future dis- 
 coveries and triumphs of scientific and mechanical skill. The steam engine and its workings 
 are more familiar to us than the hand-loom and the donkey were to the people of Biblical history. 
 The ten thousand voices of the press scatter news, science and literature broadcast, even to the 
 dwelling of the humblest. By means of improved machinery, man or woman can earn more 
 comforts by one day's labor than could formerly be procured by a week's laborious toil. Let us 
 foster all laudable industries by honoring and rewarding those who have made discoveries bene- 
 ficial to the human race. They who pass away from earth, without posterity being the gainer 
 for their having lived, have lived in vain. From scientific research alone can mankind ever 
 hope to attain advancement. Let us, then, by all means, encourage the spread and study of 
 science. Let it be taught independently of any religious or political bias or prejudice, simply 
 for the sake of the great truths which flow from the study of the history of our earth, as indel- 
 ibly written in its strata, as well as in the ever active, unalterable laws and properties of matter. 
 
 Through the study of nature and her immutable laws only, can men hope to ever arrive at 
 a comprehension of the true attributes of the Deity. 
 
 In this new land, on this fruitful soil, let all well-meant ideas and investigations have a 
 hearing and a respectful e.Kamination, even though they may conflict with doctrines and beliefs 
 hoary with age. Free discussion is never dreaded by those whose position is impregnable, or by 
 the sincere friends of truth. 
 
 Ever since Adam ate of the fruit of the tree of knowledge, have his descendants, like Oli- 
 ver Twist, felt an irrepressible desire for more. An impulse so persistent- and so universal can- 
 not be wrong. It is an inalienable part of the human mind, and I, for one, never can believe 
 that nature has yet spoken her last revelation to man. Her last word is to be obtained only by 
 patient scientific research and investigation, if at all. 
 
 VII.— By Edward Pier, 1877. 
 
 On the 17th of June, 1836, my father arrived at Green Bay, in search of his three sons, 
 whom he had sent West two years before, to seek their fortunes. He had been quite sick on 
 the boat coming up the Lakes, and was in feeble health. I had purchased one small pony and 
 engaged others, so that when my father came, I could accompany him to where my brother Col- 
 wert was. The Frenchmen at the Bay from whom I expected to hire ponies, tried or pretended 
 to find theirs, but without success ; we, therefore, on the 20th, started with one only. I tried every 
 man I met to hii'e a horse to ride to Fond du Lac, but without success. When we got to 
 Shanty Town, about half-way to Depere, I asked an old Frenchman where I could hire a horse for my 
 father to ride to Fond du Lac, 'to be gone a week. He said that he had a good one, and that if I 
 would give him a dollar a day for its use, I might have him. I asked him where his horse was. 
 He told me it was on the commons. I told him several men had been looking three days for their 
 ponies, and could not find one. He declared he could get his in one hour. We waited two and 
 a half, when he came with his horse. That night we got as far as Grand Kaukalau, and stopped 
 with one of the Stockbridge Indians over night. My father was (juite sick during the night, so 
 that I gave up the idea of going any farther. I was up early to look after the horses. The 
 feed was good but the fence was poor. I found the animals all right. My father was very anx- 
 ious to see Colwert and his wife, also the country where we intended to make our future homes. 
 An old squaw gave him some medicine ; made him a strong cup of tea, which he drank, but he 
 could not eat much breakfast. He said that he would go on as far as he could, for he did not like 
 to go home until he had seen all his children. We found the way exceeding wet. It was almost one 
 continuous slough of water and mud for sixteen miles to where the Stockbridge Mission was 
 then building. Here we found the Rev. Cutting Marsh, a missionary to the Indians. He had 
 a house up and partly inclosed ; also a stable completed. He let us have all the feed for our 
 
366 HISTORY OF FOND DI' LAC COUNTY. 
 
 horses he had — about six quarts of oats. My friend, Mr. Joseph King, was with us, so that we 
 had three horses. We got some dinner with the missionary, and about 3 o'clock we left to 
 find our way as best we could to my brother's. Before our arrival at Fond du Lac, we encount- 
 ered a severe rainstorm ; swam our horses across a swollen creek ; got lost in the darkness as 
 night came on ; but, finally, after much difficulty, reached my brother's house. 
 
 We stayed here a few days, but it rained most of the time, and the creeks were overflowed and 
 more than half of the surface of the country was under water. My brother and I were anxious 
 to know what our father thought of the country for farming purposes ; but he was unwell, a 
 long way from home, and quite outside of all civilization ; he said but little on any subject. All 
 we got from him in relation to the place was that it looked like a good country for grass. As 
 my father was a farmer, and had haying and harvesting at home to attend to, he soon felt it was 
 necessary to start for home. A short distance before we arrived at the Bay, I asked him if he 
 thought mother would ever see this country. After riding several rods he replied, that if she 
 ever expected to see her children or be near them, she would have to come here, '' for,'' said he. 
 " three of her children are here now and the rest of them will come, and they will never leave 
 such a country as you and Colwert are in and go back to Vermont." Before he started home, he 
 gave me the money to pay for the 160 acres which we had reserved for him, and said that he was 
 going to return to tell his fivmily what he thought of our location, and to consult with them ; 
 and that he should write us what they concluded to do. In a few days, he left Green Bay for 
 home. And thus ended my second visit to Fond du Lac. 
 
 In September, I received a letter from my brother Colwert, in which he said that he had a 
 ([uantity of hay cut and ready to stack, but that he had no one to help him stack it, and request- 
 ing me to come to Fond du Lac and help him. On the 14th, I started to go there. When I 
 reached Wright's (now called Wrightstown), I stopped — as was the custom with all others at 
 that time — to feed my horse and get dinner. I there met a stranger from New York State, by 
 the name of Harkness, who inquired where I was going. I replied that I was going to the 
 upper country. " Well, sir," said he, " when you get to Fond du Lac, I would advise you to 
 stop at least a week. I stopped there nearly two weeks to rest. Look at the country, and get 
 acquainted. Why, sir, they are the best people I ever met, and that is the best-kept house this 
 side of Bufl'alo. After you pass there, you will not find another such place if you travel 500 
 miles." I said to him that I thought I would avail myself of the benefit of his experience, and 
 stop when I got there ! The next day I reached my brother's, but now came two days of damp 
 weather. Mr. Benjamin Funk, from the region of the lead mines, came along the next day with 
 a drove of cattle, going to the Bay. Of him we purchased two yoke of oxen and a cow and a 
 calf, to pay for which I gave him an order on Daniel Whitney, at the Bay. The weather now 
 became fair, and we stacked the hay. ' I sold my horse to a man from Manitowoc, and walked 
 back home. This ended my third visit to Fond du Lac. 
 
 Some time in December, 1836, I received another letter from my brother at Fond du Lac, 
 in which he told me that he was getting short of provisions of all kinds, and that it was not 
 expedient for him to leave his wife there alone for the length of time that it would take him to go 
 to the Bay and return ; that he wished me to get some man to pack a couple of horses and bring 
 him some provisions, if no other way could be found. I spoke to Mr. Whitney about the mat- 
 ter, and he told me that he had agreed to send some goods to my brother to trade with the 
 Indians, and that he ought to have done it before, " And now, " said he, "I will furnish a horse 
 and train if you will go and take a load up to your brother's." I said to him that there was no 
 road, and that I could not get there with a team. He ridiculed the idea, and said there was not 
 the least trouble, that the ice on the lake (Winnebago) was good. I said to him that I was not 
 accustomed to the lake, and that I was not pleased with the idea of attempting to cross it alone. 
 But his reply was that I was not accustomed to a frontier life : that there was not the slightest 
 danger on the lake; that I could not make a hole in the ice in half an hour large enough to get 
 a horse into the water, and that, as yet, there were no cracks in the ice. Said he, " If you will 
 go, I will risk the horse." So, on the 20th of December, I started from Green Bay, for the 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 367 
 
 fourth time, for Fond du Lac. It was a mild, misty morning. Before I got to Wright's, it 
 rained quite hard. While I was there, the wind came from the north and the rain changed to 
 snow. I started, and before I reached the Stockbridge Mission, the weather was quite cold. 
 The harness on the horse was frozen so stiff that it was hard to get it off. The next morning 
 was extremely cold, so much so that the Rev. Mr. Marsh tried to dissuade me from going on 
 that day ; " For," said he, " I fear you will perish before you reach your brother's." 
 
 However, knowing that my brother was short of provisions, I thought best to try to get to 
 him. I went on the lake at Pipe Village. I found the snow so badly drifted that I was com- 
 pelled to tread the snow for some rods before the horse could get through to the lake. This, 
 I think, detained me near or quite an hour. In the mean time, the wind blew so severe from 
 the southwest that it was with difficulty that I could keep my horse from turning around. After 
 I got on the lake, the snow was so strongly driven by the force of the wind, that I could only 
 see a few feet before the horse. The snow upon the lake was in drifts, with places of sometimes 
 half a mile of smooth, uncovered ice. The cold was so intense that I was obliged to go on foot 
 or perish. It was the worst day but one that I can remember, and that was January 1, 1864. 
 I traveled as fast as possible until about 3 o'clock, when my horse dropped his hind feet 
 through the ice into the water. I was behind the train. I sprang to him as soon as possible, 
 and loosened him, but, in his struggles to get out, I saw that the ice was crumbling and break- 
 ing off. Soon he was in the water all except his head. There was a drift of snow of several rods 
 in width where he went in, so that I was able to stand. I put the lines around his neck and 
 choked him, and, in his struggles, I pulled him on the ice, but it immediately broke, and when 
 he went in again, he took me with him. I sprang on top of him and went over him, and caught 
 on the ice on the other side. I was in the water up to my waist. I then got out. I believe it 
 was pretty quick and spry work I did. My overcoat was frozen stiff. I now discovered that 
 my hands were frozen. I then whipped them around my body until the blood was pressed into 
 them, and they felt warm. I then went round the broken ice and placed the horse's head or 
 neck across the shaft. He was quivering, but otherwise motionless. I saw that he was gone, 
 and I now started to find the only house in Fond du Lac County. 
 
 My boots were filled with water and frozen stiff. My clothes were wet up to my waist. 
 About this time, I saw the sun for the first time through the day. It appeared to be about an 
 hour above the horizon. Where the ice was covered with snow I could get along very well ; but 
 where it was smooth it required all my strength and utmost care to stand. I succeeded in 
 reaching land just before the sun disappeared. The prairie had not been burned and the snow 
 was about seven or eight inches, including the grass. Near the lake it was blown to the depth 
 of two feet or more. The wind was blowing strong from the southwest, and the weather was 
 intensely cold. I made the best time possible to reach my brother's house, knowing that was 
 the only chance for my life. Of course I was in great anxiety for fear I could not find it. I 
 struck the timber about one hundred rods north of the house. The cattle had been out on the 
 east side of the timber that day ; and I will here say that I never was so glad in my life to see 
 the tracks of a cow, as it was just as darkness was closing in upon me, on the 21st of December, 
 1836 ! I soon reached the house, when I found that my hands were badly frozen, and also my 
 cheeks. I found in the house ray brother's wife and a lad from Brothertown, whom my brother 
 had persuaded to stop with her until his return ; for, not having heard from me, and their pro- 
 visions being short, he had started that morning in company with a traveler who came along, to 
 go to the Bay. Some idea of the storm I encountered may be had when I state that we had 
 passed very near without seeing each other's teams at all. 
 
 The next morning, the young lad accompanied me back to the spot where my horse had 
 been left. I found him in the same position in which I had left him the night before. 
 
368 HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COl'NTY. 
 
 VIII.— By Louisa Pakker Simmons. 1879. 
 
 My husband, Reuben Simmons, was born in Litchfield, Conn., being left an orphan when 
 quite young. He served an apprenticeship as carpenter and joiner, and tlien went to Bain- 
 bridge at the age of eighteen. Soon after this, we were married. I was born at Old Milton, in 
 Saratoga County, N. Y. We lived in Whitestown, that State, many years, where our five chil- 
 dren were born, four sons and one daughter. In the fall of 1836, my husband took his eldest 
 son, Alonzo, and went to Green Bay, then Wisconsin Territory. He remained there all winter, 
 taking contracts for building, and accumulated quite a little sum of money. Early the next 
 spring, leaving Alonzo at Green Bay, Mr. Simmons started for home on the steamer Hendrick 
 Hudson, arriving in due time at Delta, Oneida County, where we then lived. We soon made 
 preparations to move to Green Bay, starting on our journey on the 4th of July, 1837. At Rome, 
 N. Y., my husband chartered a canal-boat, and in about two weeks we reached Buffalo, where 
 we remained five days. We then took passage on the steamer Constitution for Detroit, arriving 
 there in safety, and remaining there eleven days awaiting a boat for Green Bay. 
 
 We finally took passage on the old steamer Bunker Hill, a condemned boat. On the 
 second day out, the steamer took fire, but by great labor and care of both passengers and crew, 
 it was saved from burning, but it had to be continually watched during the residue of the pass- 
 age. The next day. when out of sight of land, the main shaft broke, but by hoisting a jib we 
 ran back over a hundred miles to Presque Isle, where a wooden shaft was put in in place of 
 the broken one. By a constant application of oil, this was made to answer the purpose, and we 
 all landed safely at Green Bay, after a long and stormy passage. 
 
 We took up our residence there, keeping a boarding-house, my husband working at his 
 trade. In the fall, he, with three others, took a large log canoe and paddled up the Fox River 
 to Lake Winnebago, carrying his own provisions and other necessaries, and camping on shore 
 wherever night overtook him. After traversing the shore of the lake, he finally reached the 
 mouth of the Fond du Lac River, up which he and his companions paddled their canoe, camp- 
 ing near the log house which had been erected by the Fond du Lac Company in the spring of 
 1836, on Lot 9, Block 9, in "the town of Fond du Lac," better known as "The Old Fond du 
 Lac House.'' It was a double log house, and was quite large and roomy. In the morning, 
 they started out, and for some days traveled over the beautiful wild prairies — all in a state of 
 nature, covered with wild flowers in every direction. My husband and his companions returned 
 to Green Bay safely after a very pleasant trip. 
 
 James Duane Doty was a resident of Green Bay, though not at that date a Judge ; he had 
 been out of office for over five years. He was, in addition to being one of the principal share- 
 holders in the Fond du Lac Company, also the owner of much other real estate in the Territory. 
 After his becoming acquainted with us, he was anxious to have my husband take his farm, 
 afterward known as the George D. Ruggles farm (south half of the northeast quarter, and the 
 north half of the southeast quarter of Section 6, in Township 15, of Range 18 east), in the pres- 
 ent town of Taycheedah. 
 
 Mr. Simmons entered into a contract with Doty — the latter agreeing to furnish lumber and 
 materials for building a house on the farm, my husband to erect it at Doty's expense. 
 
 In the winter of 1838-39, Mr. Simmons hauled all his lumber and materials for the house 
 from Green Bay through the woods, he having, the previous fall, drawn a load of lumber up to 
 what was to be our new home and built a board shanty, 12x16 feet, making three tiers of bunks 
 on one side. He put a cook stove in one corner and provisions in another. In that way he, 
 with his three men, lived during the winter while building the house, living very warm and cozy. 
 Mv husband finished the house in the spring. It was large, and was the second frame house 
 erected in Fond du Lac County. In March, 1839, we all came from Green Bay and moved in. 
 Our family consisted of my husband and myself, our little daughter, eight years old, and our 
 four sons ; also, two hired men, one of whom was a Brothertown Indian. Our house had loose 
 boards laid down for a floor and blankets hung up at the windows. Mr. Simmons afterward 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUKTY. 369 
 
 finished the house and we remained there until the next spring, when we moved on a larger farm 
 of Mr. Doty's, afterward known as the Phillips farm. It was the south half of Section 7, in 
 Township 15 north, of Range 18 east, in the present town of Empire. It had a large stock of 
 cattle, from sixty to one hundred head, where my husband, with his four boys and two hired 
 men, carried on farming on a large scale for the then now country. All our butter, cheese, 
 honey (which was abundant, wild in the woods) and pork he had to take to Green Bay in win- 
 ter or by boat in summer, there being no nearer market at that time. These articles he traded 
 for necessaries for the family. 
 
 His usual way was to go to Green Bay each spring and fall with a Durham boat, taking 
 his youngest son, Amasa P., to help guard the goods and talk to the Indians, and four Indians 
 to propel the boat. On his return heavily loaded, arriving at the rapids, he would, 'unload half 
 of the goods, leaving his son to guard them, and, with the Indians, who would wade by the 
 side of the boat, lift it over the entire rapids, then unload and, remaining there himself, send 
 the Indians back to get the remainder of the goods, and so on over all the rapids until they 
 arrived at Winnebago Lake, then, by coasting around the shore, he would get home, after a trip 
 of about seven days. If the family ran short of any necessaries after that time, they had to go 
 without until the next trip, as there were no stores nearer than Green Bay, sixty miles away. 
 
 I would sometimes run short of pins and the boys would cut thorns from the trees, which 
 I used, making a very good substitute. On one occasion, the boys' boots gave out and for a long 
 time they had to wear Indian moccasins. Yet, in all these years, the entire family were happy, 
 being blessed with good health, plenty to eat and plenty of work to do. 
 
 In the fall of 1841 and the following winter, my husband built a house on what we now 
 (1879) call our old homestead, which he had purchased while we were living at Green Bay. It 
 adjoins the city limits of Fond du Lac and is the east half of the northeast quarter of Section 
 23, in Township 15 north, of Range 17 east, in the town of Fond du Lac. We moved on the 
 place in the spring of 1842, where I have ever since resided — my husband dying ten years ago, 
 at the age of seventy-three years. I am now (1879) in my eighty-fifth year. 
 
 In the fall of 1839, Mr. Simmons and our son, A. P. Simmons, went to Green Bay for 
 their winter supply, taking four Indians along to propel the boat. They had a quick find pleas- 
 ant trip going down, loaded the boat with necessaries and started back. That night it com- 
 menced raining and rained nearly every day for two weeks. They had a hard time during the 
 entire return trip, and when five days out their provisions were exhausted ; but as good luck 
 would have it, they found some Indians on the river bank of whom they bought some wild rice, 
 and, by boiling it, made it quite palatable. On that the entire party lived for eight days. 
 
 There were bands of four tribes of Indians here for some years after we came : Menomo- 
 nees, Pottawatomies, Winnebagoes and Chippewas. The two latter were treacherous and very 
 troublesome at times. On one occasion, the Menomonee chief gave out that as soon as the grass 
 grew in the spring, so their ponies could live, they would drive oK or kill all the whites. This 
 alarmed the few settlers, and a meeting was held by them and cautionary measures taken. Dr. 
 M. C. Darling wrote to the Department at Washington, informing the authorities of our situ- 
 ation, but no reply was received. 
 
 One warm day, my husband, with all his men and boys, being down on the ridge clearing 
 and breaking up a large piece of land for corn, saw something shining very bright below Tay- 
 cheedah, at the edge of the woods, and could not imagine what it was. He took a pony and rode 
 down to make inquiries. When he arrived where Taycheedah now is, he met Col. Worth (after- 
 ward General in the Mexican war) with a regiment of soldiers. They encamped there for the 
 night, and, after a hearty shake, the Colonel asked Mr. Simmons if he could furnish them with 
 some eatables. He told him he could, and started for home ; arriving there, he had the cows all 
 driven up, twenty-two in number, and, milking them, put the milk on an ox wagon, together 
 with pork, bread, flour, butter, honey, cheese and other articles ; he then started with his yoke 
 of oxen, and when he arrived at the camp a file of soldiers were detailed to guard the wagon 
 and its contents, and Mr. Simmons handed it out to the soldiers until it was all gone. The next 
 
370 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 day, Col. Worth moved up to Fond du Lac and then camped again, when my husband again 
 met him with a similar load. The Colonel had come to remove the troublesome Indians west of 
 the Wisconsin River and wanted interpreters. Mr. Simmons had a half-breed by the name of 
 Charles Bopery working for him, who could talk good Englisli and the four Indian languages. 
 He let the Colonel have him, and he remained with him until the troublesome Indians had been 
 collected and taken to the west side of the river. We were never troubled with them again. 
 Some months after, a band of twenty or thirty came back to Fox Lake and encamped. A Mr. 
 Stevens, an old pioneer, the only settler in that section of the country, a brave, noble man, went 
 out alone and tore down their wigwams and drove them off never to return again. 
 
 When Col. Worth got the Indians on the banks of the Wisconsin River, ready to cross, 
 they all refused to go, saying their forefathers were buried hei"e and they would die here too. 
 The Colonel brought up a platoon of soldiers and (the Indians all being in their canoes) fired 
 over their heads, but that did not frighten them. He next brought up afield piece (cannon) and 
 fired that off; then he told them the next time he would load with grape and cannister and fire 
 amongst them. The old chiefs talked it over and finally concluded it was too much for them, 
 and they paddled over to their new home, adjoining the reservation of the Sioux Indians, who 
 were their deadly enemies. 
 
 Old Father Halsted, a Methodist missionary, located among the Stockbridge and Brother- 
 town Indians, was the first man who ever preached a sermon in this county. A good old-fash- 
 ioned Christian gentleman, he would ride up here and preach to us as often as he could, say 
 once every two or three weeks. He first preached in the house of Edward Pier and from that 
 time, for a number of years, preached to the early settlers, speaking in different houses at differ- 
 ent times, the people paying him in flour and other necessaries, and sometimes a very little 
 money — little indeed, for the people had but very little. 
 
 In an early day, the Government cut a military road or track through the woods from Fort 
 Howard (Green Bay) to Fort Winnebago (Portage). It was a poor apology for a road, but 
 could be used in winter and, in very dry weather, in summer. That was all the road we had 
 out here until 1841 or the next year. Some men in Milwaukee sent word they would meet the 
 settlers at the Milwaukee River and cut a track or road through. The inhabitants accepted the 
 offer, and one day a gang started out with a large pair of oxen owned by Mr. Simmons with 
 ox chains and provisions for the trip. The party consisted of E. M. Simmons, Oscar and Oliver 
 Pier and Harvey J. Peck. They cut the underbrush, moved the logs and bridged the small 
 streams with poles, making a passable road. The boys met the Milwaukee party at the I'iver 
 and camped together over night, having a big jollification. That was the first Milwaukee road, 
 and in dry weather we could go through with teams, taking a small load of wheat, which would 
 sell for 4.5 to 50 cents a bushel. The next winter, a road was cut through to Sheboygan in a 
 similar manner and by the same parties here. A few years after emigration starting, a plank 
 road was built in nearly the same ti'ack. Then there was an outlet for grain to the lake and 
 people began to prosper. 
 
 The first Fourth of July celebration held in the county was in our front yard. We built a 
 bower of green boughs, then drove stakes in the ground and laid on boards for a table. This 
 we covered with tablecloths. The seats around the table were built in the same way. Then we 
 took a sheet and with pieces of red and blue cloth made a respectable flag, which we attached to 
 a long pole. One of the men climbed to the top of the tallest tree and fastened it there. It 
 showed plainly for miles around. This was the first American flag raised by citizens in the 
 county. Most of the people in the county — men, women and children — came, each family 
 bringing what they could of good things to put on the table ; and when all was on, it was a 
 bountiful table, indeed, enough for all and plenty to spare. When everything was ready, they all 
 formed in line. Alonzo Simmons, with his violin, played Washington's March, and they 
 marched and countermarched until they were all finally seated at the table. Dr. Darling 
 delivered an address and many toasts were drank. Taking it all together, it was a grand old 
 time, and all went to their homes happy indeed. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAO COUNTY. ' 371 
 
 The prairie fires were sometimes terrible. In March of the spring that Mr. Simmons built 
 his house on " the old homestead," we had all the timber to build with, which had been hauled 
 the fall and winter before. It was piled up closely, the snow was gone and the grass dry. One 
 day in the forenoon, we saw black smoke arising in the south, when my son, A. P. Simmons, 
 took a pail and, riding his horse as fast as possible, arrived there in time to "back fire" and 
 save the timber; but the next thing was to save himself; he jumped on to his horse, the fire 
 after him, leaping sometimes twenty feet, then catching again. At last, becoming cornered, he 
 had to turn and ride through the fire with all speed, and, in doing so, burnt the hair all oflf 
 where it was not covered with his cap and also the hair off" the sides of his horse. He got back 
 home nearly exhausted. It was quite common to have our hay-stacks burned. One fall, our 
 hay was nearly all burned, and. having a large stock of cattle, my husband had to go to the 
 woods and cut down trees and let the cattle browse off" the tops. By care, he bi'ought them 
 through the winter without losing any. 
 
 On a certain day, some fifteen or twenty Indians came to our house. They had been having 
 whisky from Luke Laborde's, enough to make them ugly. All our men folks were away three- 
 fourths of a mile, and I was alone with my two youngest children — Amasa, twelve years old, 
 and Eliza Jane, nine. The Indians came in and demanded whisky. I told them we had none, 
 but they would not believe me. The pantry door being open, they saw some bottles standing on 
 the shelf and were determined to get to them, but I told them they must not. At last, they 
 made a rush for it, and I, having prepared myself for the emergency, took a small chair in one 
 hand and a pair of tongs in the other, stopped them and finally drove them out. The last one 
 I pushed out, and he fell on his back, hurting him somewhat. They were very mad, and said 
 they were going home for their guns and left. I then sent Amasa on horseback for his father, 
 and he came home immediately. Soon after he arrived, the Indians came back with guns, but, 
 when they saw him, they stood around a short time and then left. The next day, the chief 
 brought a fine, fat deer, dressed, and made»me a present of it, saying I was a very brave squaw ; 
 and I never had any trouble with that band after. 
 
 The first store in this county was started by James B. Clock and George Weikert. They 
 bought a small stock of goods and put them in the north half of the old Fond du Lac House, 
 and, by boring holes in the logs and driving in pins and laying on slabs and pieces of boards, 
 laid their goods on and made quite a respectable store. 
 
 The first singing school was at the little old schoolhouse, built where the city now is. A 
 paper was circulated and each one subscribed what they could and sent to Sheboygan, and a Mr. 
 Robinson (now living at Ripon) came and taught the school two nights each week during the 
 winter for $3 a week, the people boarding him and his horse during his stay. 
 
 The first dancing school was taught by A. H. Clark at our house, there being no other 
 large enough for that purpose. My husband had put up a temporary partition through the 
 center of the house, and, by taking it down each time there was a dance, it made quite a good 
 dancing hall, being 18.x32 feet. For some years, large dancing parties were held there, until 
 the old Badger Hotel was built, where the city now is, on the corner of Main street and Western 
 avenue. That was the first hotel, strictly such, built in this county. 
 
 IX.— By George White. 1879 
 I emigrated from Green Bay to Fond du Lac County in 1837 — to the town of Calumet. 
 At that time, there was but one house between mine and Milwaukee — seventy-nine miles — and that 
 was occupied by Colwert Pier and brother. The Brothertown Indians were our neighbors on the 
 north, and the Menomonees were the roaming occupants of the prairie. We moved from Green 
 Bay in a yawl-boat, and after entering Winnebago Lake, we hoisted sail and with a pleasant 
 wind soon came in sight of the prairie on which my house was built. We had never before seen 
 a prairie, and the impression the sight produced was enchanting. It reminded us of the poet's 
 description of the ''sweet fields arrayed in living green," in the Promised Land. We found 
 our log house prepared for our use ; and for several years it became the occasional shelter for the 
 
372 HISTORY OF FOND T)U LAC COUNTY. 
 
 night of the lawyers and judges going from Milwaukee to Green Bay, to attend court. Such 
 were seasons of social intercourse without the restraints of courtly etiquette. 
 
 In the early settlement of the town of Calumet, wild game was abundant, and the deer 
 were hunted for their skin and meat. One Sunday morning, my hired man came into the house 
 in a great hurry, saying, " Mr. White, where is your gun ? There is a deer in the road close 
 by." Said I to him : " The poor animals are entitled to one day in seven for a breathing-spell 
 and respite from death, and my gun shall not be the instrument of his death." The timid 
 animal escaped. Another anecdote : The mountain wolves were plenty. One day I was 
 raking wheat on the lot, and hearing the cry of distress from one of my hogs, I dropped my 
 rake and ran in the direction of the cry, and, within about fifty rods, I came in sight of a large 
 wolf who had nearly killed a hog that would weigh one hundred pounds. He fled, when he 
 saw me, into the bush. As the hog could not live I put him out of his misery, and near by I 
 set a trap between two saplings, built a circular brush fence on one side, put tlie carcass next to 
 it and in front of the bait. I buried my trap, fastened by a log chain. Next morning early, 
 with my two dogs, I went to the place and found the chain in its place and the trap gone. The 
 dogs traced the wolf through the underbrush for about half a mile, when, emergins into the 
 open woods, they espied him. The bulldog grappled with him till I prevented further contest. 
 He was as passive as a lamb, and allowed me to tie his mouth and legs, and, with assistance, 
 carry him home. 
 
 I was obliged, by the importunities of the Menomonees, to open a small store for their 
 accommodation, but refused, under all circumstances, to furnish them with " fire water." As a 
 proof of their honesty, I must chronicle an event that occurred at their yearly pay ground. 
 
 I had trusted them during the year with goods to be paid for either in skins, or at their 
 yearly payment in money. 1 attended their payment, and employed a half-breed as an inter- 
 preter and assistant, who stood with me at the door of the Agent's tent. At length an Indian 
 came out with his money in silver in one corner of his blanket. A trader, that had sold him 
 whisky, demanded his pay, and seized hold of the blanket, determined to have it. My half- 
 breed commenced to interfere in my behalf, but I told him to desist, and just then the Agent 
 took the Indian into the tent. Sevei'al hours after, as I was standing conversing with some 
 gentlemen, I felt my coat pulled, and, looking round, I saw a hand filled with silver extended 
 toward me. The squaw of Kiskotopway, my debtor, tendered to me the amount of my claim, 
 saying her man had sent it to me in preference to paying the man who crazed the Indians with 
 " fire-water." 
 
 I acted as agent for most of the Germans of Calumet, in buying their land for them. They 
 were an honest, industrious and prosperous community. 
 
 Among the early settlers of Fond du Lac county with whom I was intimate, I recall the names 
 of Dr. Darling, Edward Pier, J. M. Gillet, Gov. and Maj. Tallmadge, Gov. Doty, George 
 McWilliams and Dr. Delaney. An incident connected with Dr. Delaney I will mention : For 
 several years, I was Postmaster at Calumet Village, but, in consequence of my support of 
 Charles Doty for the Legislature, and the consequent defeat of R. P. Eaton, the Democratic 
 nominee, the Democratic representation in Congress procured my discharge as Postmaster, and 
 the removal of the office from our village. 
 
 As the next Representative was Gov. Doty, I wrote to him, stating that as we had lost the 
 post office from our village, in consequence of our support of Charles, we should look to him for 
 its I'estoration, and I recommended Dr. Delaney as Postmaster. 
 
 In a short time the Doctor (whom I had not informed of my doings) came to my house, 
 bringing his appointment as Postmaster, and inquiring if I knew what it meant, as he had made 
 no application for the office. I told him he might thank Gov. Doty for the appointment 
 and me for the recommendation. 
 
 The oldest of the settlers of Fond du Lac County are mostly gone to a fairer clime, and of 
 a more enduring and satisfying tenure than this. We have not in this ephemeral existence full 
 scope for development. There is an irreconcilable discrepancy between our powers and their 
 
HISTORY OF FOND T>V LAC COUNTY. 373 
 
 full display if thi-i life is the end of our conscious being. We begin to live here; we shall con- 
 tinue to live bsyond the reach of death as social, progressive and immortal beings.* 
 
 X.— By Jotin 0. Henxing. 1879. 
 
 I came to Fond du Lac in the summer of 1846, at the solicitation of Dr. Darling, and 
 Started the Fond du Lac Journal, in connection with Mr. Hooker, who had a business interest 
 in it. Hooker sold out to Edward Beeson ; and afterward, on account of ill health, I disposed 
 of my interest to Beeson. In the fall, J. M. Gillet started the Whir/, and, some time after. 
 Hooker obtained an interest in that paper. 
 
 Fond du Iiac was a city of magnificent distances, and an enumeration of all the inhabitants 
 within a distance of three miles amounted to one hundred and fifty-three. Dr. Darling and a 
 Frenchman by the name of Hebert, accommodated the traveling public. The merchants were 
 M. S. Gibson, Clark & Weikert, Smith & Gillet and A. P. & G. N. Lyman, by their agent Dewey. 
 Jason Wilkins run a grocery, and D. R. Curran started his drug store that fall. The Badger 
 House was opened that fall or winter, by Lewis & Morris. Drs. Babcock and Walker were the 
 practicing physicians. Dr. Darling and John Bannister were local land agents. Peter V. 
 Sang kept tavern at Seven Mile Creek ; Mr. Nathaniel Perry at Taycheedah, and Harry Giltnerat 
 Forestville, on the Sheboygan road. Among the noted names at that time were ex-Govs Doty, 
 Tallmadge and Beall; the Conklins, Piers, George McWilliams, Frank Moore, E. W. Drurj, 
 Judge Stow, Myron Eaton, 0. S. Wright ; Warren Chase, of Ceresco ; Selim Newton, the Gillets, 
 Morley, McCarty, Driggs, Slocura and others. The steamer Manchester, owned by George W. 
 Featherstonhaugh, was running on Lake VVinnebago, commanded by Capt. Houghtaling, with 
 Jonas Warden as mate, and J. Tyler as engineer. Warden is now Captain of the Lake 
 Superior, one of the finest steamers running from St. Louis, and Tyler is running a ranche near 
 Los Angeles, California. Driggs & Morley had a saw-mill on the river west of the Court 
 House : Davis & Smith built the first steam saw-mill on the river, at Lower Town, in 1846. 
 In the fall. Smith made, as he supposed, an exploration of all the pineries on Wolf River, and 
 returned satisfied that there was not pine enough on the river to run their mill three years, sold 
 out at a sacrifice, and left for the East. There has been billions of lumber cut on the river 
 since then. 
 
 In the spring of 1849, Moses S. Gibson and Frank P. Catlin, of Fond du Lac, were 
 appointed Receiver and Register of the United States Land Office, at Hudson. Mr. Gibson 
 now has a clerkship in the Treasury Department at Washington, and Mr. Catlin makes his 
 home at Ripon, although he is at present visiting his sons in this vicinity. S. S. N. Fuller, 
 who had been Register of Deeds, District Attorney, etc., of Fond du Lac County, came to 
 Hudson in 1850, and a year or so after was elected Circuit Judge of this District. After his 
 term expired, he went to Western Iowa, and died a few years since. 
 
 After disposing of my interest in the Journal, I became a granger, and started a farm in 
 the' present town of Eldorado, which I had the pleasure of naming. In the fall of 1849, I 
 removed to Hudson, where I still remain. 
 
 * " Remarkable Skill. — Mr. J. R. Tallmadge, yesterdsy, brought to the CommonweaUh otlice the following letter: 
 
 " ' Washington, D. C, Aogust 8, 1879. 
 
 *' -Dear Raymond — I received lately a 8trip of newspaper, inclosed in an envelope, in which is a flattering reference to myself. I judged it 
 wiw a slip from the Fond du Lac CommonweaWt, though it was guess-work. As reference was made in that to my letter to you, I inclose to the 
 editor, with my compliments, a card which I wrote yesterday. Ton will please to sav to him that I did the best I could with the means at my 
 command. " George White.' 
 
 " The card referred to by Mr. White is oue not so large as an ordinary business card, and a little broader than a lady's calling card. On 
 the face is written : ' Emancipation Proclamation of Abraham Lincoln. Written by the subscriber in his S3d year, for the editor of the Com- 
 monweallU. Washington, D. C, August 8, 1879. George White.' On the other side is Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, so plainly written 
 that it may be read easily without the aid of a glass. At the first glance, the back of the card appears to be simply painted gray ; but on a 
 closer e.xamination the words and sentences plainly appear. We doubt whether there is another octogenarian in the Union who could have 
 executed the work before us." 
 
 " We saw," says a writer in a Fond du Lac paper of 1879, ''a lengthy letter to day written to J. R. Tallmadge, by George 'White, of Wash- 
 ington. Mr. White is one of the very earliest settlers of Wisconsin, having been here when the Tallmadgea reached Wisconsin, over thirty- 
 three years ago. He laid out the village of Calumet, which contained buildings at aa early a day nearly as did Fond du Lac. He is now 
 eighty-three yeirs old, and a clerk under .John A. Bentley, in the Pension Bureau, doing as much work as any of the clerks. And ho does it well, 
 too, the letter shown us being written more elegantly than could be done by most business men of thirty. Here is good cheer to you, good 
 father, who helped to make the wilderness blossom a.s the rose; and may you enjoy the rose many years to come. — Fond du Lac CommonweaUh, 
 August :>0, ISTJ. 
 
374 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAO COUNTY. 
 
 XI.— By H. R. Colman. 18:9. 
 
 My first visit to Fond du Lac County was in August, 1841, on my way from the Oneida 
 Indian Mission, where I was then stationed^ to attend the session of the Rock River Conference 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which was held that year at Platteville, Wis. Where the 
 village of Calumet now stands, a man by the name of George White lived, and had made some 
 improvements on a farm. I saw no more settlements or improvements till I came to where 
 Fond du Lac City now stands, where there was a log house near where Darling's Block now is, 
 where Dr. Darling lived and kept entertainment for travelers. There was a house then 
 standing on Brooke street near where the railroad bridge now is, and there was a bridge across 
 the river at that place, but there was no one occupied the house, and the travel was diverted 
 another way farther up the river. A number of families had settled south and southeast of 
 where the city now is, and had opened farms, and A. D. Clark had built a saw-mill on the West 
 Branch of the Fond du Lac River. There was a log house erected at Seven Mile Creek, where 
 they entertained travelers, which was all the settlement there was between Fond du Lac and 
 Waupun. At Waupun there were but two families. 
 
 I made my annual journey through the county, with an occasional call at Fond du Lac on 
 business till 1847, when I was stationed on the charge and came to the town of Fond du Lac to 
 live. In 1846, there was a great rush of immigration into the county, and the ague and fever 
 prevailed everywhere. In some places, there were scarcely well ones enough to care for the 
 sick. But the ague disappeared in 1847, and there were settlements formed in different parts 
 of the county. A man by the name of Wilkinson settled a little south of where the village of 
 Oaktield now stands, and there was quite a settlement in that neighborhood. They had built 
 a log house, which served for schools and religious meetings, for they were generally connected 
 in every settlement. 
 
 Fond du Lac was then a small village with great expectations, inasmuch as it was the 
 county seat. They had built a house which answered for schools and all kinds of meetings, 
 religious and political, and also for a Court House, where justice was administered by Judge 
 Stone as civil Judge. A saw-mill had been built, and the frame for a grist-mill had been put 
 up by Wheeler & Morley, but Mr. Wheeler was killed in 1846 by the falling of a tree, while 
 getting out timber for his mill, and the work stopped. The mills were located a little below the 
 Western avenue bridge. 
 
 A steam saw-mill had been built on the river a little north of Arndt street, by Cornelius 
 Davis, and a number of stoi-es and shops and houses were subsequently built at the foot 
 of Arndt street on the river; also a large warehouse was built on the north side of the street, 
 close to the bridge. But the dams that were built about that time across the outlets of the lake 
 at Neenah and Menasha raised the water so that they were under the necessity of deserting the 
 place. On the west side of the river, opposite Cotton street, they formerly drew saw-logs 
 with two yoke of oxen out of the river, and drew theui up to A. D. Clark's saw-mill, some two 
 miles, more or less. By that, any one may judge how much those dams have raised the water 
 in the lake. Taycheedah was an enterprising village about this time, and was thought by some 
 to be the coming city, but the rising of the waters blasted all their prospects. A man by the 
 name of Geisse had built a stone flouring-mill there, and they had quite a business place there 
 for some time. B. F. Moore at that time was a prominent business man at that place. 
 
 As was before stated, schools and religious meetings go together in Yankee settlements, 
 and they were provided for in every settlement. In the fall of 1847, there were schools estab- 
 lished not only in Fond du Lac and Taycheedah ; but in the south part of Fond du Lac, 
 where Dr. Adams had settled, there was a flourishing school. There was also a school 
 in Byron, and also a post oflBce near where the Methodist Church now stands, Mr. Orin Morris, 
 Postmaster. There was also a school established in the Genessee settlement in Oakfield. Four 
 miles west of Fond du Lac, on the Waupun road, there was a flourishing settlement. 
 
HISTOKY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 375 
 
 Edward Beeson, Jesse Homiston and his son settled there at an early day, with others 
 whom we cannot now name. Joseph Stowe kept entertainment for travelers a little beyond 
 where the Four Mile House now stands, and E. W. Drury, Esq , had opened a farm a little 
 west of him. Mr. Stowe not only opened his house for travelers, but also for religious meet- 
 ings, and when he built a shed to accommodate the traveling community, he made a hall over it 
 for the public worship of God, but did not keep strong drink for any one. At this time, there 
 was a whisky tavern at Seven Mile Creek, kept by a man who had been a jnember of 
 the church. He sent word to the Methodist minister that he wished to have preaching at his 
 house and also wished to unice with the Church. An appointment for preaching was circulated 
 in the neighborhood. The time arrived and a large congregation assembled, and. after preach- 
 ing, an opportunity was given for any who wished to unite with the church to make it known, 
 when the landlord presented himself for membership. The minister asked him if he was will- 
 ing to abide by the rules of the church, and informed him we had a rule that not only forbade 
 drunkenness, but the buying and selling of spirituous liquors, or drinking them unless in cases 
 of extreme necessity. He argued the case quite earnestly, and quoted Scripture to prove his 
 position, but the rule was in his way and there was no way to get by it as long as he sold spir- 
 ituous liquors, and the Church failed to get the iniluence of the landlord, and the landlord failed 
 to get the Church to sanction his business. 
 
 The Methodist Church sent ministers into this county at an early day. In 1842, a Mr. 
 Halsted and Mr. Smith were stationed here. Their charge included Brothertown and all this 
 region of country where there were any inhabitants. Mr. Halsted lived near where Mrs. E. 
 H. Galloway now lives. From that time, there has been a regular supply of Methodist minis- 
 ters sent to Fond du Lac County in different parts as the people wished. In 1852, there were 
 two Methodist Churches built in the city — the one that now stands upon the corner of Marr 
 and Third streets, now owned by the Evangelicals, and the other built on Arndt street, now 
 owned by the Presbyterians and used for a mission chapel, on the west side of the river. 
 
 In 1847, there was a Congregational minister living in Fond du Lac by the name of Spof- 
 ford, and the Congregationalists built the church now occupied by the Free- Will Baptists, about 
 the time the Methodists built theirs. 
 
 XII.— By Isaac Orvis. 1879. 
 
 There are many charms in Western prairie life for those who are lovers of nature and of 
 reflective minds, that can never be effaced, and particularly to the early settlers of this country. 
 The variety of its scenery ; its vast expanse of undulatory prairie and woodlands and oak open- 
 ings ; its ledges of limestone, their fissures and grottoes ; its crystal lakes and streams ; its bub- 
 bling springs and rivulets ; its Eden of flowers and waving grass ; its abundance of wild game ; 
 the fertility of its soil ; all conspire to make the thoughtful pioneer feel that there had been pre- 
 pared a new paradise or Eden for his inheritance. In this spontaneous garden of beauty the 
 first settlers made their locations. 
 
 They were mostly youngerly men, brimful of health, energy, and kindness for one another. 
 Among them, I remember, with the greatest kindness, Colwert Pier, Edward Pier, M. C. Dar- 
 ling, Selim Newton, John Martin, Col. Conklin, Gustave de Neveu, John Carswell, N. P. 
 Tallmadge, W. R. Tallmadge, E. H. Galloway, J. M. Gillet, Bertine Pinkney, Capt. D. P. 
 Mapes, Warren Chase, Hugh Hubbard, the Olmstead brothers, and many others. These were 
 a few among many of the men that braved the privations and difficulties of pioneer life to lay 
 the foundations of one of the most populous and wealthy counties in the State. They and their 
 coadjutors are the men who have packed their provisions on horseback, or human backs, from 
 Green Bay or Milwaukee, fording rivers, crossing what seemed to be bottomless sloughs, living 
 for weeks and months in houses without floors, and, in some instances, with bed-sheets sewed 
 together and drawn across the rafters for a roof 
 
 Several families of my acquaintance ground the materials for their bread in a coflfee-mill, 
 and, for their meat, subsisted upon the wild game of the forest, which was plenty. Still the novelty 
 
376 HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 of oiar surroundings, the primeval beauty of the landscape, the unity, equality, and mutual 
 dependence of the people, made the little society a paradise, and I sometimes almost grieve for 
 the good old days of pioneer life. 
 
 There are some incidents and anecdotes connected with the first settlement of the town of 
 Oakfield, that will not be forgotten while any of the pioneers remain, one of which I will relate 
 here. Rupell Wilkinson was the fii'st settler in this town. He came from Fond du Lac, built 
 a shanty, and moved his wife and goods. After remaining some weeks, they became lonesome 
 and went to Fond du Lac on a Saturday, to remain over Sunday. While absent, the Indians 
 (it was supposed) burned the shanty and its contents. They returned to Fond du Lac and 
 remained some time, and then came back with two brothers, John and Robert. In the mean 
 time, Sherman Botsford and John Bierne had settled in the same vicinity. In consecjuence of 
 the burning of the shanty of Wilkinson, it was agreed among the settlers that, in case of an 
 Indian attack upon the settlement, they were to fire a gun nnd all rendezvous at Fort Botsford 
 (Botsford's shanty), that being made of logs and covered with troughs that rendered it imper- 
 vious to water and bullets. Botsford and Bierne kept "bach." Bierne had been to Fond du 
 Lac and returned to Botsford's shanty late on a wet evening. He had with him a flask of what 
 always warms and cheers the heart of an Irishman, and lightens the shanty of a bachelor, and 
 leads to the desire for fun and frolic. They concluded to inaugurate an Indian scare. Botsford 
 went out and fired his gun, and then they jumped into bed. It so happened that the two Wil- 
 kinson men were from home. Upon hearing the report of the gun, their wives sprang from 
 their beds, seized their infants, and, in their night habiliments, made their best speed for Fort 
 Botsford. They found the men in bed. The latter immediately sprang up and threw each a 
 blanket round the fugitives, and sat down for explanation. Botsford afterward said he meas- 
 ured the strides of the ladies next morning, and they would have done credit to any practiced 
 pedestrian. 
 
 Among the early settlers were several flimilies of English people — Burletons, Shuttle- 
 worths, Halls, Whitmores and others. They were like most of the settlers, of small means or 
 none at all, except their energy and muscle. Mrs. Burleton was taken sick soon after arriving. 
 The neighbors ministered to her wants as well as their limited means would allow, and she was 
 nursed by her sister, Mrs. Bledsoe. On returning from church (the log cabin), my wife and I 
 called to see how she was. Mrs. Bledsoe declared she was a'most dead. " She would have been 
 dead afore now^, but the folks, going to meeting, called and put her out in her dying, and she 
 hadn't got through'f't yet 1'' 
 
 Our town was organized by the Legislature in the winter of 1846-47. During these years, 
 it settled rapidly. I think the fii'st tax was the largest ever paid in proportion to population and 
 property. The expense of a town organization, the laying-oui and making highways and bridges, 
 together with our poor-tax (we had then no county system for the support of the poor), m<ade 
 the tax high for those who had any improvement or capital. The first public building in the 
 town was a log schoolhonse. which served all the purposes of church, town hall and rostrum. 
 
 Close upon the settlement of our town followed that indefatigable and zealous individual, the 
 Methodist itinerant preacher. Mr. EUwell, a Methodist preacher from the East, had settled in 
 Oakfield. Mr. Requa, I think, was on the circuit. I cannot hei-e record the name of Requa 
 without a tribute to his memory. He was, I think, a good Christian man, and peculiarly adapted 
 to his vocation. He was a man of culture ; his imagery of happiness or misery, of the power 
 of love and charity, expressed through his sympathetic soul, I shall always remember with much 
 pleasure. 
 
 The ministers and brethren consulted together and came to the conclusion that the settle- 
 ment ought to have a revival of religion. Accordingly, a series of meetings was inaugurated 
 and kept up for several weeks. 
 
 There were some incidents and sayings that may seem trivial, but they belong to that time, 
 and exhibit the manner, culture and mode of expression of that era, and consequently are noted. 
 One young exhorter, wishing to quote that Scripture which says: "Not one jot nor tittle 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 377 
 
 of the law shall pass away," got it " tit and jottle." Mortified at his mistake, he stammered 
 on " tit — tit — tit," until some brother gave him "jot," and he got through. 
 
 Another young man, who had experienced a change of heart, was requested to tell his young 
 companions of his joys of redemption and forgiveness. He said to them, " My young friends, 
 you need to give your hearts to Jesus; if you do not, you will surely be lost; you are all on 
 bruin's rink." 
 
 A little innocent girl " thanked the Lord that He had taken her feet out of the mud-hole and 
 established them on a rock." The titter of the juveniles spoiled the rest of the communication. 
 
 But the quaintest and most original of all was by an aged brother. When called upon for 
 his experience, he said : " Last night, as I went to prayer, it Lord coom down like a mighty 
 rooshin wind, and like to took it top off it ould shanty." 
 
 Another elderly brother who was requested to make the closing prayer, ended his petition 
 in these words : " Now, Lord, let salvation come to the Father, Son and Holy Ghost, for 
 Christ's sake." 
 
 In the mean time, the county was rapidly populating, and there began to be a surplus of 
 production. Fond du Lac was our only market. Surrounded by a flat, and at that time, wet 
 prairie, it was at certain times in the year almost inaccessible. I wrote an article which was 
 published in the Fond du Lac Journal, then edited and published by Edward Beeson, which was 
 favorably received, recommending tlie building of a few leading plank-roads from the table- 
 lands surrounding the city on three sides, over the low prairie, and finally called a meeting to be 
 held at the log schoolhouse in Oakfield. The meeting was attended by Dr. Darling, Robert A. 
 Baker, John Sewell and Judge Flint, of Fond du Lac, Alvin Foster, of Mayville, and several 
 persons from our town. The subject was discussed, and an adjourned meeting agreed upon to 
 be held at Fond du Lac some time in the future. That meeting was held, and, if I remember 
 right, the Forest, Fond du Lac & Waupun Plank Road Company was organized, with several 
 branches. The roads were built in due time, and from that moment a new impetus was given 
 to the business of the city and country about it. A plank-road had been previously built from 
 Fond du Lac to Sheboygan. After the completion of the Mayville branch of the plank-road, I 
 have loaded five teams with 100 bushels of wheat each, and drawn it to Sheboygan with ease 
 and comfort, whereas, I have often seen the time when I would have given the whole toll to 
 have been extracted from one mud-hole. 
 
 Speaking of wheat reminds me of my first grist. The first fall that I came into the coun- 
 try, I started a saw-mill. Dr. Adams, of Byron, wanted lumber, and I wanted bread, so we 
 made an exchange. He was to deliver ten bushels of wheat at Conklin's mill in Empire, the 
 only grist-mill in the county, and receive lumber for his pay. The wheat was delivered, and, at 
 the appointed time, I sent for my grist. It was not ground. I waited for a month and sent 
 again, instructing the man who went for it that if it was not ground, he should take it to Taychee- 
 dah, get it on board of Houghtaling's steamboat and send it to Neenah. The grist was sent to 
 Neenah. But the covetous Neenahites (unlike the honest miller who, having forgotten whether 
 he had tolled a grist, said he would toll it again, as it was better to be twice right than once 
 wrong), took the whole grist, bags and all ! 
 
 It has been said that no human happiness is unalloyed. Our quiet community was destined 
 to be the victim of another Indian scare. At an early day, Solomon .Juneau, in the goodness of 
 his heart and his love for the Indian, had purchased of the Government forty acres of land on 
 tlie east shore of Winnebago marsh, and deeded it to the Indians (it is known by the euphoni- 
 ous name of Smut's Point), so that they might not be trespassers upon the settlers when fishing, 
 hunting and trapping on that miasmatic frog-pond. Word came by riders and runners that the 
 Indians in their war paint, brandishing their tomahawks and scalping-knives, were swooping 
 down upon the settlements in the north part of the county, massacreing the feeble and innoceat 
 indiscriminately, and making the welkin ring with the savage war-whoop ; and the people were 
 all rushing to Fond du Lac and Taycheedah. A runner was sent to Oakfield with the appalling 
 news and also the news that there was another band at Smut's Point, preparing to meet the 
 
378 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 invaders from the north. The neighbors gathered together, and 1 was offered the command of 
 a squad to go down and attack them in their forty-acre garrison. Your humble servant, either 
 from fear or incredulity, declined the honor, but said to my neighbors that if it were true we 
 had better defend ourselves at home than make an attack. The settlers in the west part of the 
 town, however, concluded to attack the enemy in his entrenchments. A citizen of Oakfield 
 organized a corps, armed them with guns, scythes, pitchforks, and I do not know but with plow- 
 shares, threw out his scouts and skirmishers, and, carefully feeling his way, marched to Smut's 
 Point. The gallant leader arrived at Fort Smut, and to his chagrin found but one old Indian 
 and squaw, who turned pale and trembled in their moccasins at the military array. They said, 
 in broken English : "Me good Indian; me no kill ; scalp shmoky man — me good I" The officer 
 wheeled his command right about face, gave each soldier, an honorable discharge, and in a little 
 speech told them he should know just where to find the gallant defenders of the county when 
 next assailed. 
 
 The first settled minister in this town was, I think, the Rev. Samuel D. Darling, a man of 
 strong, positive feeling, tender sympathy, of excellent judgment, a leader in every charitable 
 and benevolent work, a genial, good man, who will long be remembered in this community. 
 The Congregational Society erected a small church, the first in the town, and installed Mr. Dar- 
 ling Pastor. The congregation was small and the members not affluent, consequently his salary 
 was small and he was obliged to cultivate a small farm to support his family. He occupied the 
 pulpit for a number of years much to the satisfaction of his congregation and the public. He 
 finally gave up his preaching for farming. He fell dead from his seat in Opera Hall while 
 attending a literary meeting, as many in the county will remember. The church was purchased 
 by the Baptist Society, enlarged, and is now presided over by the Rev. Mr. Lewis. 
 
 The need of a place for religious instruction was felt in the east part of the town, and a 
 joint-stock company was formed for the erection of a Union Church in the village of Oakfield. 
 The stock was taken by all denominations, and by those of no denomination. The church was 
 built and paid for, the ladies instituting dime sociables to furnish it and purchase an organ. A 
 Pastor was hired for one year — Rev. Mr. McFarland, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The 
 congregation was large, and a general feeling of harmony and kindness prevailed. The stock 
 paid a dividend of ten per cent to the stockholders, the incidental expenses being mostly con- 
 tributed by the audiences. The social feeling was cordial and the community were happy. 
 After another year, two churches were organized — a Baptist and a Congregational. 
 
 The Episcopalians have a small church and congregation in Oakfield Village, presided over 
 by the Rev. Mr. Wright, Pastor of the Episcopal Church of Waupun, which is well attended. 
 
 Nearly thirty-five years have elapsed since the I'apid settlement of the county commenced. 
 When I survey the change from a primeval wilderness to a wealthy and populous county, with 
 its cities and villages, its churches and schoolhouses, its mills and manufactories, its beautiful 
 country residences, its thousands of acres of cultivated soil, all produced by the labor andskill 
 of its inhabitants, I am almost astounded by the power of human possibility. 
 
 Many of the first settlers have passed over the mystic river ; many still remain, but their 
 days are in the sear and yellow leaf. We shall all soon have to balance the ledger. But I pray 
 that we may all adopt the sentiment of the poet Burns, whom I quote: 
 
 " The lift aboon will welcome soou 
 
 The wayworn and tlie weavy, 
 And angels fair will greet them there 
 
 Sae winsome and sae cheery- 
 Bnt while we stay make smooth the way 
 
 Through life's wintry wither 
 Until one beald and common shield 
 
 ShiiU hand us all thegither." 
 

 FOND DU LAC 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 381 
 
 XIII.— By Gilbert M. Lee. 
 
 I came into the Territory of Wisconsin on the l-tth day of September, 184.5. I purchased 
 in the town of Calumet 423 acres of prairie and timber hind and moved in the next spring. I 
 landed at Milwaukee and came to Fond du Lac by way of Watertown and Oak Grove. I took 
 dinner at a little tavern, about sixteen feet square, kept by a Frenchman. My bill of fare was 
 a large beef's head, cooked whole. It looked like a sign on a butcher's shop. The house was 
 where the Opera House now stands. There were then no bridges between Milwaukee and Fond 
 du Lac. I arrived in Calumet May 26, 1S46. Winter wheat on Boyd's Prairie was two feet 
 high. I immediately commenced work on my farm and fenced the whole of it. 
 
 The winter of 1846-47 was a mild one. The lake [Winnebago] opened on New Year's 
 Day, and the ice piled up on the east shore very high in some places. The next winter, I had 
 occasion to go to Oshkosh to purchase some lumber, as there was a saw-mill at that place then, 
 but the hill, where the heart of the city now is, was then oak openings and scrub bushes with a 
 few small houses set on blocks. Lake Winnebago was at that time frozen over, except now and 
 then spots of a rod or more in diameter. It was twelve miles across, and, as I was a good 
 skater, I made the distance in something over an hour. In returning late in the day, I broke one 
 ■of my skates and encountered a snowstorm. The consequence was, I did not reach the eastern 
 shore until 10 o'clock at night, and then in an exhausted condition. 
 
 XIV.— By "Lisle Lester." 
 
 On the 6th of .June, 1844, we arrived at Milwaukee in the old steamer "Missouri." Mil- 
 waukee was then a small, lively place, peopled by thorough, enterprising inhabitants. It seemed 
 to already wear the appearance of a city. The streets were for the most part sidewalked and 
 planked, and many buildings of fine structure graced the grounds. Hotels, churches, etc., 
 were scattered here and there. Indeed, Wisconsin Territory was rich with such a place as Mil- 
 waukee. 
 
 Our destination lay farther north, to Fond du Lac, in a wild and almost unpeopled region, 
 yet possessing very attractive features of scenery and home comforts. No train of cars stood 
 ready to convey us out of the city — far from it ! but, through a dense, wild foi-est, almost totally 
 uninhabited, we were obliged to wend our way, drawn by " slow, sure-footed beasts" — oxen, 
 and then not until we had tarried a week at Milwaukee, waiting for my father, Lyman Walker, 
 to go through to Fond du Lac and return with the conveyance. The Monday following, we 
 were prepared to depart, and then for the first time we commenced the true work of pioneering 
 in good earnest. Our goods and eflects, which were packed in large boxes, were piled into a 
 wagon, firmly and in order. Upon the top of that generous load my mother and myself took 
 seats, the elevated position affording a fine range of vision. 
 
 But few families had emigrated and settled between Fond du Lac and Milwaukee, and 
 even those were mostly foreigners. However, we were so fortunate at the close of the first day's 
 journey as to obtain shelter from the driving rain ; poor as the accommodations were, any place 
 was acceptable. The road through these dreary forests was almost impassable, for the spring 
 had been very backward and rainy, and in the woods the mud was — " I dare not say how deep." 
 Often during the weary days, we were obliged to halt for an hour at a time, in a perfect sea of 
 mud, to extricate a wheel of our burdened wagon, which, generally, as soon as out, was spinning 
 on the top of a neighboring stump or log. In such dilemmas, I, being a small child, was often 
 mysteriously handed from my seat to a position amid the brambles and bushes upon the oppo- 
 site side of the road — although gracefully, yet at the peril of broken bones. Here and there, 
 in those dim old woods, we fre([uently hailed little opening oases, radiant with thousands of 
 beautiful flowers — the very air was fragrant — such flowers as are only found in the West. 
 Indeed, one would be reminded of a painter's sketch, in which he had thrown the rarest speci- 
 mens of the floral world. 
 
 E 
 
382 HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 One week from the day we left Milwaukee we arrived in Fond du Lac. Only a few teams 
 had ever passed over the road before. When one considers the short space of time it now takes 
 to go to Milwaukee from Fond du Lac, and thinks of it taking one week of hard labor only a 
 few years ago, he is well impressed with the great and rapid change that has swept over this part 
 of the State in a very short period. Riding from ^Milwaukee to Fond du Lac in 1844, after an 
 ox team through a wild region, over a new road, in the rain, and " a stranger in a strange land," 
 is quite a contrast from stepping into the cars at the La Crosse Depot in Milwaukee and arriving 
 at Fond du Lac in about three hours. 
 
 As we emerged from the forest upon the Fond du Lac prairie, it presented more the appear- 
 ance of a lake than a prairie, it was so completely immersed in water. Lake Winnebago met our 
 view beyond, and, had the wet season been past, and this lovely spot, in its usual beauty, burst 
 upon our view as we afterward beheld it, we should have uttered a loud exclamation of surprise. 
 It was wild and new, yet strange and beautiful. 
 
 Only those who have emigrated to the West in early days, can realize the feelings we experi- ' 
 enced as we gazed upon our wild home. Indian wigwams met our view in different directions, 
 and curious savages crept stealthily around, scrutinizing our persons and baggage. At this 
 period, there were but four families in the settlement : M. C. Darling, a French man and family, 
 the Bromleys and the Greens. This comprised the society of Fond du Lac in 1844. There 
 was then one store of limited contents. The Indians kept up the trading traffic of venison, 
 maple sugar, fish, berries, and other articles, which, indeed, furnished the table in rich style. 
 Strawberries, raspberries and wild plums were abundant: the prairies were red (so to speak) 
 with large, wild strawberries. From the Indians, we could purchase these delicacies for a mere 
 trifle. Brass buttons and similar trinkets were far better than money. The savages were peace- 
 able, kind and friendly, worthy of the Menomonees and Pottawatomies. 
 
 We were by no means without roads to more early settlements — to Sheboygan and smaller 
 places, although at times the highways were impassable in the woody regions. During the sum- 
 mer, a fine log house was erected for our abode ; a beautiful portion of the prairie, together with 
 a strip of woodland upon its side, was fenced off", and life in the West commenced in good 
 earnest. Hay for the cattle was at the door, as it were, in its sweetest luxuriance ; in the river, 
 within a stone's throw of our house, fish of various kinds were caught in large numbers. Plums 
 ripened in our dooryard, raspberries lined our fences, and the butternuts fell rattling among the 
 leaves. And although the polished furniture, the soft carpets, and like former comforts were not 
 to be had, yet happiness did not withdraw her charming society from our new home : however, 
 there were times when older ones recalled the joys of their New England homes with a sigh and 
 saddened tone. Such is human nature; and that heart that would break all its early home-ties 
 without a regret is hard indeed. 
 
 At a small distance from the village, a saw-mill was erected on a small stream, affording 
 necessary lumber for the use of the settlers — mostly burr-oak and basswood, ash and maple. 
 Pine could only be obtained from the northern regions, then almost totallj' uninhabited. 
 
 The first summer was one of frequent storms. At times, the prairie would be completely 
 deluged, looking, for many hours, like a glassy lake, the water having no convenient opportu- 
 nity to flow oft"; trees would be uprooted, and split from top to ground by lightning; roofs of 
 houses were lifted gracefidly from their places ; it seemed, indeed, during some of those fearful 
 storms as though the rolling thunder and sweeping wind would rend the very earth with their 
 fury. Never, since that season to the present time, have I witnessed such devastating storms 
 and experienced such an inclement season in the West. 
 
 " The storm, with its raging breath 
 Made fierce the hours, and all terrific 
 The lonely, gloomy night." 
 
 The summer and fall of 1844 found many new-comers to Fond du Lac and vicinity. 
 Rev. William H. Sampson commenced his ministerial labors as Presiding Elder in this region 
 of scattered inhabitants. A schoolhouse was built ; and Fond du Lac being the county seat. 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 383 
 
 the building served well for a Court House. It was also used on Sundays for a meeting-house. 
 Other buildings soon graced the village plat. Farmhouses were seen at a distance ; fences 
 began to lengthen in every direction ; cattle and horses were observed grazing upon the prairies; 
 speculative men from abroad were busy around us ; the red man retreated slowly from the 
 scene of progression and civilization ; the mail, that comer of welcome and interest, paid us 
 weekly visits ; indeed, progress was riding through the country in every direction. The mer- 
 chants found less time for amusements, and money, that shining, bewitching metal, circulated 
 more liberally from hand to hand. The usual hum of action and life lengthened into louder 
 strains ; while the barking of the wolf became less common, and the prowling wildcat crept 
 still farther into the thicket. 
 
 In the fall of 1844, occurred the second session of the Territorial District Court ; and 
 connected with this event was a mirthful incident. Lawyer Fuller found himself in his opinion, 
 unfit to appear in the court-room on account of the dilapidated condition of his boots. He felt 
 himself in rather peculiar circumstances. He meditated long upon the affair. Could he go 
 into the presence of people and fellow lawyers with his toes protruding through his boots? Or, 
 worse yet, could he leave them off altogether? His independence at length came to his relief; 
 he determined to go barefooted, honorably and independently, which he did, much to the fun of 
 his fellows. 
 
 On the east side of Winnebago Lake were a number of little villages. Three miles from 
 Fond du Lac was Taycheedah, consisting of a tavern, store, mill, shoeshop, tinshop, and a num- 
 ber of residences. Fifteen miles farther on, stood Calumet, mostly settled by Germans. A 
 short distance north was Brothertown, peopled with Brothertown Indians. Here the first 
 steamer that ever sat upon the waters of Winnebago Lake, was constructed. On the other side 
 of the lake the country was more wild in its appearance; dense forests extended nearly the 
 whole distance from .Fond du Lac to Fox River. At the point where this river flows into Win- 
 nebaqro Lake, there were two houses which comprised the village of Oshkosh. 
 
 In the year 184.5 and the following one. Fond du Lac Village and county had been kissed 
 warmly by progress, and presented the appearance of a thrifty, prosperous place. Many families 
 had swelled the community. Other places of which we have spoken rapidly progressed. 
 
 Although Fond du Lac at that time seemed to be shut off from the world, by long and almost 
 impassable roads, and lengthened strips of uninhabited country, yet many prominent speculators 
 and strangers found their way there. Now and then one would stray down from Green Bay, or, 
 battling with obstacles (chiefly mud and water), would reach tlie place from Sheboygan. The 
 buildings which comprised the village were over a mile from the mouth of the Fond du Lac River. 
 That part which is now called the Lower City, was a wet marsh, wholly occupied, for a time, by 
 Indians. The log-house first erected in Fond du Lac, which is not now standing, was about half 
 way between the village and the lake, now near the railroad depot. 
 
 After navigation opened on the Winnebago Lake, families settled around the river's mouth, 
 and also near the landing, until the village was composed of two important wards, then termed 
 the Upper and Lower Towns. During the year 1849, a steam-mill smoked from morn till even- 
 ing upon the river. Hotels reared their ample roofs in both divisions, and pretty houses 
 filled the streets rapidly. A Court House, three stories high, was added to the place ; and stores 
 were opened in both the Upper and Lower Towns. From 1848 to 1850, emigration seemed in 
 its highest fever. Day after day came the strangers. ' The streets grew more dense. The saws 
 ran faithfully. Rafts came in crowds to the mills. The new-tilled soil yielded its products in 
 double ratio every year. Fond du Lac and the county grew in population and importance with 
 almost incredible speed, until the one became a city, and the other a large aggregation of cultivated 
 farms. 
 
CHAPTER IT. 
 
 Territorial DisiTRicT CoriiT axd State Circuit Court— Mcxicipal Court of the City and 
 Town of Ripox— Cousty Court— County Officers, from 1839 to 1880- County Board of 
 Supervisors — Territorial, State and National Representation — Navigation of Lake 
 Winnebago— Wisconsin Phalanx . 
 
 territorial district court and state circuit court. 
 
 The act of Congress establisliing the Territorial Government of Wisconsin provided for the 
 division of the Territory into three judicial districts, and for the holding of a District Court by one 
 of the Justices of the Supreme Court in each district, two terras each year in each organized county 
 in the district. The tliree Justices were Charles Dunn, David Irvin and William C. Frazer. 
 By an act of the Territorial Legislature, approved November 15, 1836, the counties of Brown 
 and Milwaukee (the first named including the Territory afterward designated as Fond du Lac 
 County) were constituted the Third District, and assigned to Justice Frazer. Although in 
 December following, a county was set off from Brown and called Fond du Lac, its few inhabi- 
 tants (only hoo, in fact,) were amenable to the mother county, to which its offspring was attached 
 for judicial purposes. It so remained until 1844; so that the judicial government of Brown 
 County during that period was also the judicial government of Fond du Lac. For nearly eight 
 years after the first settlement of the last-mentioned county, it was as completely under the juris- 
 dictioa of Brown County in all things appertaining to court matters, as though it had been " a 
 part and parcel " thereof. 
 
 By the statutes of Wisconsin Territory of 1839, the counties of Milwaukee, Brown (to 
 which was attached Fond du Lac, as just mentioned), and Racine, also other unorganized coun- 
 ties, composed the Third District, to which Justice Andrew G. Miller, the successor of Justice 
 Frazer (deceased) was assigned. Fond du Lac County continued in this district until the adop- 
 tion of the State Constitution in 1818, but was divorced from Brown County, as to all judicial 
 matters, four years before; that is to say, in 1844, when it was organized judicially, as, in 1839, 
 it had been for the purposes of county government only. The first court, therefore, held within 
 its limits was a Territorial District Court, and these were continued until superseded by the 
 State Circuit Courts, upon the admission of Wisconsin into the Union. 
 
 The first term of the Territorial District Court for Fond du Lac County commenced in 1844. 
 The court set for the first time at the schoolhouse in Fond du Lac, Juno 5, Justice Andrew G. 
 Miller, presiding. The other officers of the court wei-e : Isaac Brown, Clerk ; George McWilliams 
 and R. Aiken, United States Deputy Marshals ; John J. Driggs, Sheriff; Alonzo Raymond, 
 Crier ; Thomas W. Suthei-land, District Attorney ; and M. C. Darling, Foreman of the Grand 
 Jury. 
 
 The first chancery case tried was John J. Driggs vs. Susan Driggs, divorce. Morgan L. 
 Martin was solicitor for the complainant. The petition was dismissed. Driggs was at that time 
 Sheriff of the county. The next suit in chancery was also a divorce case, Lory Ann Stevens 
 vs. Martin Stevens. The complaint was more successful in this case than in the other. The 
 court decreed " that the marriage between the petitioner, Lory Ann Stevens, and the defendant, 
 Martin Stevens, be dissolved, and the same is hereby dissolved accordingly ; and the said parties, 
 and each of them, are and is freed from the obligations thereof." 
 
 The first law case was an action in replevin — -an appeal from a Justices Court. The title 
 of the action was " Augustus Grignon vs. Henry A. Gallup." " And now June 5 [1844], comes 
 the defendant's attorney and moves the court [Andrew G. Miller] to dismiss this appeal for reasons 
 
HISTOKY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 385 
 
 filed ; and the said motion being argued by counsel, it is thereupon considered and adjudged 
 by the court that this appeal and all proceedings in this case be dismissed." 
 
 The next case was '-The United States vs. Cliarles L. Amidon," indictment for adultery, 
 found at the June term, 1844. Amidon was tried at the October term of the court following, 
 before a jury composed of George W. Elliott, Robert Wilkerson, Lucius Hawley, Lewis Cro- 
 foot, James Clark, Peter Crowell, Edward Beeson, James Wauby, John C. Hammer, Henry 
 Conklin, John E. Fisher and David Copp — " twelve free, honest and lawful men of the county." 
 The defendant was adjudged not guilty. 
 
 When the State Constitution was adopted, in May, 1848, it provided for five Circuit 
 Courts and Districts, of which the counties of Brown, Fond du Lac, Winnebago, Calumet, 
 Manitowoc and Sheboygan should compose tlie Fourth Judicial Circuit. The judges for these 
 circuits were to be elected for two, three, four, five and six years respectively, and thereafter 
 each judge should hold office for a term of six years. Kewaunee County, which had 
 always before been attached to Manitowoc for judicial purposes, was added as a separate county 
 to the Fourth Circuit ; but the counties of Brown and Winnebago had been set off into the 
 Tenth and Third Circuits respectively. The terms of court for Fond du Lac County are begun 
 on the third Monday of April and fourth Monday of October of each year ; and every term 
 shall be a special term for the whole circuit. A special term for the whole circuit is also held at 
 Fond du Lac, on the second Monday of February in each year. Alexander W. Stow, of Fond 
 du Lac, was the first Judge of the Fourth Judicial Circuit, holding the office from August 28, 
 1848, to January, 1851 ; the second was Timothy 0. Howe, of Green Bay, from January, 
 1851, to April, 1855, when he resigned; the third was William R. Gorsline, who was elected 
 in April, 1855, to fill the vacancy made by Judge Howe's resignation. In 1856, Judge Gors- 
 line was duly elected, but resigned before his term was finished. David Taylor, who was the 
 fourth Circuit Judge, was appointed to fill the vacancy. Judge Taylor was afterward elected 
 for a term of six years, beginning in January, 18G3. The fifth, who is the present incumbent, 
 was Campbell McLean, whose first term began in January, 1869, and whose second began in 
 January, 1875. 
 
 MUNICIPAL COURT OF THE CITY AXD TOWN OF RIPON. 
 
 This is a Court of Record, and has exclusive jurisdiction in all cases of appeal from 
 Justices' Courts, in civil cases, within the city and town of Ripon. It has also original juris- 
 diction and powers in all civil actions within the limits just named, equal to and commensurate 
 with the Circuit Court of Fond du Lac County, to the amount of $50,000. Appeals from this 
 court to the~ Supreme Court are in all respects the same as from the Circuit Court. This some- 
 what anomalous court was created by an act of the Legislature of 1861, and the law is incor- 
 porated in the Revised Statutes of 1878. The occasion of its creation was because of the city 
 and town of Ripon being so remote from the county seat. The first .Judge of this court was 
 P. B. Kissam, from May, 1861, to July, 1862. The second was M. W. Seely, from July. 
 1862, to May, 1865. Judge Seely was succeeded by E. L. Runals, who held office from ^Nlay, 
 1865, to May, 1869. His successor, L. E. Reed, now on his third term, commenced his first 
 term in May, 1869. 
 
 COUNTY COURT. 
 
 The General Government, in the act organizing the Territory of Wisconsin, provided for 
 Probate Judges, to adjudicate the estates of deceased persons, as also those of minors, idiots and 
 the insane. Until the year 1850, the designation of the office continued to be Judge of Probate, 
 when it was changed to County Judge, and the court to that of County Court. As Fond du 
 Lac County was not organized for judicial purposes until 1844, of course previous to that time 
 matters of administration of estates and the probating of wills were brought before the Brown 
 County Judge of Probate. In that year, the county was organized for all purposes, and a Judge 
 of Probate elected; but as several counties were attached to this county for judicial purposes, 
 the jurisdiction of the court extended beyond the limits of Fond du Lac, until they were all 
 fully organized. 
 
386 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The first Judge of the Probate Court of Fond du Lac County was empowered to appoint a 
 Clerk and also a public administrator. John A. Eastman was the first Register or Clerk ; 
 Rufus P. Eaton, the first public administrator. These offices were subseijuently abolished. The 
 first Judge of Probate was Mason C. Darling; the first County Judge (1850) was Charles M. 
 Tompkins. In 1877, the Legislature passed a law conferring civil jurisdiction on the County 
 Court of Fond du Lac County. It was given co-ordinate jurisdiction with the Circuit Court 
 in cases where the matters involved did not exceed $20,000. This greatly increased the business 
 of the oSice. In view of this increase of labor, an additional salary of §1,000 per year was 
 allowed by the enactment of 1877. 
 
 Tlie terms of the court are begun on the first Tuesday of every month. By general order, 
 every Tuesday of each month, except the first, is a special term of court. For the trial of cases 
 under his civil jurisdiction, the law requires the County Judge to hold three general and two 
 special terms at the Court House in each year. The general terms begin on the second Mon- 
 days of May, September and January. The special terms begin on the second Mondays in 
 April and October. 
 
 The following have been the different Probate and County Judges of Fond du Lac County : 
 Mason C. Darling, during 1844 ; Thomas J. Townsend, 1845 ; Mason C. Darling, 1846 ; John 
 Bannister, 1847, 1848, 1849 and 1850 ; Charles M. Tompkins, 1850, 1851, 1852 and 1853 ; 
 David E. Wood, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857 ; Robert J. Flint, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 
 1863, 1864 and 1865; Marcellus K. Stow, 1866 and a portion of 1867; W. D. Conklin 
 (appointed to fill vacancy made by resignation of M. K. Stow), a portion of 1867, 1868 and 
 1869; J. Mayham, 1870, 1871, 1872 and 1873; N. C. GiflSn (appointed to fill vacancy made 
 by the death of J. Mayham, and afterward elected for the term beginning January 1, 1874), 
 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876 and 1877 ; George Perkins, 1878, 1879, and now in office. 
 
 COUNTY OFFICERS FROM 1839 TO 1880. 
 
 County Ckrks.—^laaon C. Darling, 1839 and 1840 ; B. F. Smith, a portion of 1841 ; M. 
 C. Darling, balance of 1841, 1842, 1843 and 1844 ; Theodore Conkey, 1845 : Francis McCarty, 
 1846 and 1847 ; J. D. Curtis, 1848 ; Eli Hooker, 1849 ; A. B. Davis, a portion of 1850 ; 
 Chauncey J. Allen, a portion of 1850, 1851 and 1852 ; Albert W. Paine, 1853 and 1854 ; 
 Asher Armstrong, 1855 and 1856 : C. F. Kalk, 1857 and 1858 ; James V. McCall, 1859 
 and 1860; A. B. Cary, 1861 and until his death, in 1862; L. M. Wyatt, last half of 1862; 
 Charles W. Prescott, 1863, 1864, 1865 and 1866 ; C. H. De Groat, 1867, 1868, 1869 and 
 1870; W. H. F. Smith, 1871 and 1872; J. H. Coolidge, 1873 and 1874 ; H! J. Davidson, 
 1875, and until he died, in 1876; Thomas Bryant, the last portion of 1876; Edmund Blewett, 
 1877, 1878, 1879 and 1880. 
 
 Clerks of the Circuit Court.— Isa&c Brown, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849 and 1850 ; 
 Fayette S. Brown, 1851 and 1852; John J. Driggs, 1853, 1854, 1855 and 1856; .John C. 
 Bishop, 1857 and 1858 ; Edward Beaver, 1859 and 1860 ; David Babcock, 1861. 1862. 1863 
 and 1864; M. W. Simmons, 1865 and 1866; George W. Carter, 1867. 1868, 1869 and 1870 ; 
 Maurice McKenna, 1871, 1872, 1873. 1874, 1875 and 1876 ; James Russell, 1877 and 1878 ; 
 S. a. Leland, 1879 and 1880. 
 
 ^ViCTvJs.—Colwert Pier, 1842; J. J. Driggs, 1844 ; D.W.Bromlev,1845; .\lonzo Raymond, 
 1846; James Ebert, 1847: Fred F. Davis, 1849 and 1850; Francis D' McCarty, 1851 and 1852; 
 Robert Jenkinson, 1853 and 1854 ; Edward Beaver, 1855 and 1856 ; George W.Mitchell, 1857 and 
 1858; Andrews Burnham, Jr., 1850 and 1860; George F. Wheeler, 1861 and 1862; J. D. L. 
 Eyclesheimer, 1863 and 1864; II. A. Fiancis, died during the first year of his term, 1865; 
 John Peacock, who was H. A. Francis' Under Sheriff, ran without opposition for Sheriff in 
 1865, received 2,025 votes, and was declared elected by the courts, holding office during the 
 balance of 1865 and for the full term of 1866 and 1867 ; Hiram S. Town, 1868 and 1869 ; Mor- 
 timer B. Pierce, 1870 and 1871; Peter Rupp, 1872 and 1873; Nicholas Klotz, 1874 and 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DIt LAC COUNTY. 387 
 
 1875 ; HazenR. Hill, 1876 and 1877 ; Edward Colman, 1878 and 1879; Neil C.Bell, present 
 incumbent. 
 
 County Treasurers. — Alonzo Raymond, during 1839, 1840 and 1841 ; Mason C. Darling, 
 1842; B. F. Smith, 1843; B. F. Moore, 1844; Isaac Brown, 1845, 1846 and 1847; Kirk- 
 land Gillet, 1848 and 1849; Peter V. Sang, 1850, 1851 and 18.52; Orin S. Wright, 1853; 
 Robert Jenkinson, 1854 and a portion of 1855 ; George W. Sawyer, during tlie last month of 
 1855 ; Andrew J. Reed, 1857 and 1858 ; John B. Wilbor, 1859 and 1860 ; John Potter, 1861 
 and 1862 ; C. C. L. Webster, 1863 and 1864 ; J. A. Smith, 1865 and 1866 ; Thomas Bryant, 
 1867, 1868, 1869 and 1870; Edward Beeson, 1871, 1872, 1873 and 1874; John W. Hall, 
 1875 and 1876 ; J. C. Perry, 1877 and 1878 ; Louis Mandersclieid, 1879 and 1880. 
 
 District Attorneys. — Up to the organization of the State Government, the office of District 
 Attorney was filled by appointment by the County Board, as occasion required. In 1844, George 
 L. Hosmer was appointed; S. S. N. Fuller, in 1845 ; Ainazi L. Williams, in 1846 and 1847, 
 and J. M. Gillet in 1848. Thereafter, the office was filled by election, as follows : S. S. N. 
 Fuller, 1849 and 1850; William H. Ebbetts, 1851, 1852, 1853 and 1854; Edward S. Bragg, 
 
 1855 and 1856 ; Isaac S. Tallmadge, 18.57 and 1858 ; Albert W. Paine, 1859 and 1860 ; 
 James Coleman, 1861, 1862, 1863 and 1864; George Perkins, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869 
 and 1870; George P. Knowies, 1871 and 1872; S. L. Brasted, 1873, 1874, 1875 and 1876; 
 N. S. Gilson, 1877 and 1878; J. J. Foote, 1879 and 1880. 
 
 Register of Deeds. — John Bannister, 1839, 1840 and 1841 ; Oscar Pier, 1842, 1843 and 
 1844; .John Bannister, 1845; S. S. N. Fuller, 1846; Edgar Conklin, 1847; Nelson Wood, 
 1848, 1849, 18.50, 1851 and 1852; Rudolph Ebert, 1853 and 1854; William White, 1855and 
 1856; N. H. Jorgensen, 1857 and 1858; Solon G. Dorlge, 18.59, 1860, 1861 and 1862; A. P. 
 Mapes, 1863 and 1864; Dana C. Lamb, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869 and 1870; J. D. L. 
 Eyclesheimer, 1871, 1872, 1873 and 1874; Calvin L. Pierce, 1875, 1876, 1877 and 1878; Frank 
 B. Hoskins, 1879 and 1880. 
 
 County Surveyors. — The little surveying required by the county up to 1848, was done by 
 "the piece," by John Bannister and Horace W. Newton. Thereafter, the office was filled by 
 election as follows : H. W. Newton, 1849 and 1850 ; Joseph Fairbanks, 1851 and 1852 ; 
 Peter O'Laughlin, 1853 and 18.54 ; Joseph Fairbanks, 1855 and 1856; H. W. Newton, 1857 
 and 1858; Joseph Fairbanks, 1859 and 1860; Lathrop Ellis, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865 
 and 1866 ; J. V. De Vry, 1867 and 1868 ; H. W. Newton, 1869 and 1870 ; Jacob Haessley, 
 1871, 1872, 1873 and 1874; James Bowe, 1875 and 1876; Jacob Haessley, 1877, 1878, 1879 
 and 1880. 
 
 Coroners. — There was little for a Coroner to do at first, and none were provided for until 
 1848, the first election being held that year, and the incumbent's time began with the succeed- 
 ing January. Those who have held the office are as follows : Joel A. Baldwin, 1849 and 1850 ; 
 Alonzo Raymond, 1851 and 1852; Lewis Crofoot, 1853 and 18.54; Jerre Homiston, 1855 and 
 
 1856 ; Josiah Barnett, 1857 and 1858 ; George Moore, 1859 and 1860 ; Asher Armstrong, 
 1861 and 1862; J. W. Hall, 1863 and 1864; L Tompkins, 1865 and 1866; Z. L. Chapman, 
 1867, 1868, 1869 and 1870 ; L. B. Taylor, 1871 and 1872; James O'Reiley, 1873, 1874, 
 1875 and 1876 ; Peter V. Sang, 1877 and 1878 ; William Burns, 1879 and 1880. 
 
 COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. 
 
 County Commissioners. — Reuben Simmons, .John Bannister and Edward Pier, during 
 1839, 1840 and 1841; George White, Edward Pier and Alonzo Raymond, during 1842, until 
 April, when the county was governed by a Board of Supervisors, composed of a representative 
 from each town. 
 
 Board of Supervisors. — George White, of Calumet, and Henry Conklin, of Fond du Lac, 
 for 1842 ; Edward Pier, of Fond du Lac, and John J. Driggs, of Calumet, for 1843 ; Edward 
 Pier, of Fond du Lac, and George White, of Calumet, for 1844; Edward Pier, of Fond du Lac, 
 
388 HISTORY OF FOND DF LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Rufus P. Eaton, of Calumet, Frederick F. Davis, of Waupun, and Lester Rounds, of Ceresco, 
 for 1845 ; Edward Pier, of' Fond ]du Lac, Lester Rounds, of Ceresco, Almon Osbom, of Meto- 
 men, Samuel Sanborn, of Rosendate, Edward Sykes, of Lime, William Stewart, of Byron, and 
 Daniel B. Whiting, of Waupun, for 1846. 
 
 1847. — Edward Pier, of Fond du Lac ; George White, of Calumet ; William Stewart, of 
 Byron; Harvey Buell, of Oakfield; Henry C. Giltner, of Forest; A. C. Everest, of Seven 
 Mile Creek ; John H. Adams, of Auburn; Samuel Sanborn, of Rosendale ; Milton Tolcott, of Alto ; 
 T. C. Snow, of Waupun, and George D. Ruggles, of Taycheedah. 
 
 1848. — R. F. Adams, of Auburn ; Edwanl Pier, of Fond du Lac ; Samuel Sanborn, of 
 Rosendale ; Charles Willard, of Oakfield ; George White, of Calumet ; Milton Tolcott, of 
 Alto; T. C. Snow, of Waupun; William Stewart, of Byron; G. D. Ruggles, of Taycheedah, 
 and A. C. Everest, of Seven Mile Creek. 
 
 1849 — George White, of Calumet ; Charles Doty, of Taycheedah ; Selim Newton, of Fond 
 du Lac ; H. C. Giltner, of Forest ; James M. Adams, of Auburn ; Peter Vandervoort, of Eden ; 
 William Stewart, of Byron ; James Patterson, of Oakfield ; Peter V. Sang, of Lamartine ; 
 Jonathan Dougherty, of Rosendale ; D. P. Mapes, of Ceresco ; Warren Whiting, of Spring- 
 vale ; H. C. Eggleston, of Metomen ; Samuel A. Carpenter, of Alto; Moses Campbell, of 
 Waupun, and M. S. Barnett, of Eldorado. The Board was largely increased and somewhat 
 changed by the elections in newly organized towns, and at the last meeting of the year was 
 composed of the following : P. V. Sang, of Lamartine ; Jerome Yates, of Rosendale ; William 
 Stewart, of Byron ; Thomas S. Wilco.x, of Auburn ; D. D. Wilcox, of Chili ; P. Vandervoort, 
 of Eden ; George W. Elliott, of Taycheedah ; J. C. Lewis, of Fond du Lac; W. I. Ripley, of 
 Oakfield; Warren Whiting, of Springvale; H. W. Bruce, of Friendship; William Starr, of 
 Ceresco ; Moses Campbell, of Waupun ; R. P. Eaton, of Calumet ; Joseph Wagner, of Forest ; 
 Peter Wilsey, of Metomen, and Henry Boardman, of Alto. 
 
 1850 — Edwin Flint, of Fond du Lac ; Francis S. Crons. of Taycheedah ; Joseph Wagner, 
 of Forest ; Thomas S. Wilcox, of Auburn : Joseph Lawler, of Eden ; D. D. Wilcox, of Ashford ; 
 William Stewart, of Byron ; George White, of Calumet ; H. W. Bruce, of Friendship ; L. M. 
 Dunham, of Eldorado ; C. F. Hammond, of Rosendale ; Robert Jenkinson, of Metomen ; War- 
 ren Whiting, of Springvale ; William Starr, of Ceresco ; Samuel K. Vaughn, of Waupun ; Fay- 
 ette S. Brown, of Lamartine; James Patterson, of Oakfield ; Daniel Wilcox, of Alto. 
 
 1851 — -Seth G. Pickett, of Ashford; Thomas S. Wilcox, of Auburn; Henry Boardman, 
 of Alto ; N. M. Donaldson, of Waupun ; James Patterson, of Oakfield ; Daniel C. Brooks, of 
 Byron ; Joseph Lawler, of Eden ; J. W. Whitney, of Osceola ; C. P. Dunning, of Metomen ; 
 Henry I. Ackerman, of Springvale; Andrew Smith, of Lamartine; Isaac Brown, of Fond du 
 Lac ; John Y. Westervelt, of Empire ; Joseph Wagner, of Forest ; Warren Chase, of Ceresco ; 
 C. F. Hammond, of Rosendale; L. M. Dunham, of Eldorado; Miner Wilson, of Friendship 
 and John Islett, of Taycheedah. 
 
 1852— Edward Pier, of Fond du Lac Town ; E. H. Galloway, of North Ward of city of 
 Fond du Lac ; W. H. Hiner, of South Ward of city of Fond du Lac ; Brigham Payne, of 
 Friendship ; N. S. Thompson, of Eldorado ; C. F. Hammond, of Rosendale ; E. A. Newton, 
 of Ceresco ; George W. Parker, of Metomen ; James McElroy, of Alto ; N. M. Donaldson, of 
 Waupun; A. C. Whiting, of Springvale; F. S. Brown, of Lamartine; Oscar Hurlbut, of 
 Oakfield; D. C. Brooks, of Byron; William Stewart, of Eden; J. Y. AVestervelt, of Empire; 
 Henry Crownhart, of Ashford; C. D. Gage, of Auburn: C. W. Prescott, of Osceola; Joseph 
 Wagner, of Forest ; Charles Geisse, of Taycheedah, and Augustus Hugssen, of Calumet. 
 
 1853 — Peter Johnson, of Ashford; William Pool, of Auburn ; William Brisbane, of Alto; 
 N. M.Donaldson, of Waupun; 0. Hurlbut, of Oakfield; Henry Conklin, of Byron; Aaron 
 Walters, of Eden ; John Beeson, of Osceola ; G. W. Parker, of Metomen ; A. C. Whiting, of 
 Springvale ; Edward Pier, town of Fond du Lac ; Jerod Chapel, of North AVard of the city of 
 Fond du Lac ; John Nichols, of South Ward of city of Fond du Lac ; J. E. Fisher, of Empire ; 
 Joseph Wagner, of Forest; T. B. Bobbins, of Ceresco; G. D. Curtis, of Rosendale; B. F. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 389 
 
 Hatch, of Eldorado ; A. Henning, of Friendship ; Charles Geisse, of Taycheedah ; W. R. Tall- 
 madge, of Calumet and P. V. Sang, of Lamartine. 
 
 1854— Isaac Brown, of First Ward, J. M. Taylor, of Second Ward, G. W. Sexmith, of 
 Third Ward, of city of Fond du Lac ; S. N. Hawes, of Fond du Lac Town ; Peter Johnson, of 
 Ashford ; William Pool, of Auburn ; R. M. Harwood, of Alto ; Daniel Wilcox, of Waupun ; H. 
 D. Hitt, of Oakfield ; Henry Conklin, of Byron ; Aaron Walters, of Eden ; S. L. Marston, of 
 Osceola; William Plocker, of Metomen ; A. C. Whiting, of Springvale ; R. R. Crowe, of Lam- 
 artine ; John Berrj-. of Empire: Joseph Wagner, of Forest; A. B. Beardsley, of Ceresco ; Ber- 
 tine Pinkney, of Rosendale ; B. F. Hatch, of Eldorado ; John Stoddard, of Friendship ; 0. R. 
 Potter, of Taycheedah and John Boyd, of Calumet. At a special session for the year 1855, the 
 names of Joel Savage and Alexander Cronk appear, but credited to no town. 
 
 1855 — Jacob Haessley, of Asliford ; William Chapman, of Auburn ; Rufus M. Harwood, 
 of Alto : N. M. DonakUon, of Waupun ; H. D. Hitt, of Oakfield ; C. B. Brown, of Byron ; 
 A. Walters, of Eden; S. L. Marston, of Osceola; A. F. Bush, of Metomen; S. A. Chase, 
 town of Fond du Lac ; John Berry, of Empire ; Joseph Wagner, of Forest ; A. B. Beardsley, 
 of Ceresco; Clinton Matteson, of Rosendale; P. Macken, of Eldorado; John Stoddard, of 
 Friendship ; 0. R. Potter, of Taycheedah ; John Boyd, of Calumet ; Henry Conklin, of the 
 First Ward, D. E. Hoskins, Second Ward, J. M. Taylor, Third Ward. George W. Sexmith,^ 
 Fourth Ward, and E. Delany, Fifth Ward, of Fond du Lac City ; W. B. Disbrow, of Spring- 
 vale, and E. B. Lyman, of Lamartine. 
 
 1856 — Jacob Haessley, of Ashford ; H. Parsons, of Auburn ; R. M. Harwood, of Alto ; 
 Joel Savage, of Waupun ; H. D. Hitt, of Oakfield ; Franklin Nye, of Byron ; A. Walters, of 
 Eden ; E. C. Airhart, of Osceola ; William Plocker, of Metomen ; W. B. Disbrow, of Spring- 
 vale; F. S. Brown, of Lamartine; S. A. Chase, of Fond du Lac Town; H. Conklin, First 
 Ward, John B. Wilbor, Second Ward, J. M. Taylor, Third Ward, T.) S. Henry, Fourth Ward, 
 and E. Delany, Fifth Ward, of Fond du Lac City ; A. T. Germond, of Empire ; S. K. Barnes, 
 of Forest ; D. P. Mapes, of Ceresco ; Clinton Matteson, of Rosendale ; P. Macken, of Eldo- 
 rado; John Stoddard, of friendship; T. Magnussen, of Taycheedah; Joseph Wagner, of 
 Marshfield ; John Boyd, of Calumet. 
 
 1857— K. A. Darling, First Ward, J. B. Wilbor, Second Ward, C. A. Rider, Third 
 Ward, George Williams, Fourth Ward, and E. Delany, Fifth Ward, of Fond du Lac City ; 
 C. D. Gage, of Auburn ; Peter Johnson, of Ashford ; A. Walters, of Eden ; William Mitchell, 
 of Osceola ; Franklin Nye, of Byron ; Charles Carberry, of Friendship ; S. A. Chase, town 
 of Fond du Lac; F. S. Brown, of Lamartine; P. Macken, of Eldorado; Orin Hatch, of Oak- 
 field ; H. N. Jewett, of Springvale ; H. W. Wolcott, of Rosendale; Joel Savage, of Waupun ; 
 A. H. Rounsville, of Waupun Village ; 0. L. Olmstead, of Alto ; A. Thomas, of Ripon ; 
 William Plocker, of Metomen; A. T. Germond, of Empire; S. K. Barnes, of Forest; Charles 
 Geisse, of Taycheedah ; J. Wagner, of Marshfield ; John Boyd, of Calumet. 
 
 1858— E. A. Brown, First Ward, Edward S. Bragg, Second Ward, J. M. Taylor, Third 
 Ward, John Maginnis, Fourth Ward, L. Canfield, Fifth Ward, of Fond du Lac City ; J. 
 Goss, of Fond du Lac Town ; John Stoddard, of Friendship; Delos Wilcox, of Auburn ; John A. 
 Hendricks, of Ashford ; A. Walters, of Eden ; Asher Armstrong, of Osceola ; F. Nye, of Byron ; 
 John Boyd, of Calumet; A. T. Germond, of Empire; J. W. Hall, of Forest; Charles Geisse, 
 of Taycheedah ; H. C. Giltner, of Marshfield ; F. S. Brown, of Lamartine, P. Macken, of 
 Eldorado; W. B. Disbrow, of Springvale; T. Conklin, of Oakfield: B. H. Bettis, of Waupun; 
 A. n. Rounsville, of Waupun Village; R. M. Harwood, of Alto; William Plocker, of Metomen ; 
 J. W. Sanders, of Rosendale ; A. Thomas, of Ripon Town : William Starr, First Ward of 
 Ripon City ; Lyman Town, Second Ward of Ripon City. 
 
 1859— J. H, Hayford, First Ward, E. S. Bragg, Second WWd, T. W. Dee, Third Ward, 
 George Williams, Fourth Ward, and C. R. Harrison, Fifth Ward, of Fond du Lac City ; G. 
 K. Stanchfield, town of Fond du Lac ; John Stoddard, of Friendship ; William Pool, of 
 Auburn; A. Dierenger, of Ashford; J. M. Adams, of Byron; A. Walters, of Eden; C. W. 
 
390 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Prescott, of Osceola; A. T. Germond, of Empire; John Tracey, of Forest; Joseph Wagner, 
 of Marshfield ; John Boyd, of Calumet; Charles Geisse, of Taycheedah ; F. S. Brown, of Lam- 
 artine; P. Macken, of Eldorado; W. B. Disbrow, of Springvale ; 0. Hatch, of Oakfield; B. 
 H. Bettis, of Waupun Town; A. H. Rounsville, of Waupon Village; J. McElroy, of Alto; 
 William Plocker, of Metomen ; J. W. Sanders, of Rosendale; A. Thomas, of Ripon Town; 
 H. S. Town, First Ward, city of Ripon ; H. T. Ilenton, Second Ward, city of Ripon. Jame^ 
 Henderson was admitted to the Board on motion, for that year, but credited to no locality. 
 
 I860— Edward Beeson, First Ward, E. S. Bragg, Second Ward, G. W. Sawyer, Third 
 Ward, R. A. Baker, Fourth Ward, C. R. Harrison, Fifth Ward, of the city of Fond du Lac : 
 G. K. Stanchfield, of Fond du Lac Town ; John Stoddard, of Friendship ; Charles D. Gage, of 
 Auburn; A. Dierenger, of Ashford; N. C. Lewis, of Byron; A. AValters, of Eden; C. Mat- 
 teson, of Rosendale; A. T. Germond, of Empire; John Tracy, of Forest; J. Wagner, of 
 Marshfield; John Boyd, of Calumet; Charles Geisse, of Taycheedah; W. S. Warner, of Lam- 
 artine; P. Crane, of Eldorado; George F. Wheeler, of Springvale; 0. Hatch, of Oakfield; 
 B. H. Bettis, of Waupun Town; C. B. Whitton, of Waupun Village; J. McElroy. of Alto; 
 A. Osborn, of Metomen; S. Fordice, of Rosendale; A. Thomas, of Ripon Town; W. Kings- 
 bury, of First Ward, Ripon City; H. T. Henton, of Second Ward, Ripon City. 
 
 1861— W. D. Sherwood, First Ward, Peter Rupp, Second Ward, B. F. Moore, Third 
 Ward, R. A. Baker, Fourth Ward, and M. Lockwood. Fifth Ward, of Fond du Lac City ; S. 
 A. Chase, of Fond du Lac Town; Charles Carberry, of Friendship; C. D. Gage, of Auburn; 
 Joseph Wagner, of Marshfield; C. P. Phelps, of Byron ; A. Walters, of Eden; C. W. Pres- 
 cott, of Osceola; John Meiklejohn, of Empire; J. W. Hall, of Forest; John Boyd, of Calu- 
 met; B. F. Smith, of Taycheedah; W. S. Warner, of Lamartine; L. M. Dunham, of Eldo- 
 rado; Warren Whiting, of Springvale; B. R. Harrington, of Oakfield; Joseph Fairbanks, of 
 Waupun Town; T. W. Markle, of Waupun Village; A. J. Mattoon, of Alto; William 
 Plocker, of Metomen ; Stanton Fordice, of Rosendale ; T. B. Robbins, of Ripon Town : J. 
 McCord, of Second Ward, Ripon City. 
 
 At the election in November of 1861, the form and manner of the county government was 
 changed, at which time a Supervisor was elected for each of the five Assembly Districts. The 
 result was as follows : 
 
 . 1862 and 1863— Henry C. Bottum for the First District; R. M. Harwood, Second Dis- 
 trict; B. F. Moore, Third District; John Berry, Fourth District, and S. L. Marston, Fifth 
 District. ' 
 
 1861 and 1865—1. N. Woodruff, First District; Dr. Elliott Brown, Second District; B. 
 F. Moore, Third District; Joseph Wagner, Fourth District; W. H. Metcalfand N. Filby, Fifth 
 District. 
 
 1866 — Henry Wright, First District ; William Thompson, Second District ; E. H. Gallo- 
 way, Third District ; John Boyd, Fourth District ; Aaron Walters, Fifth District. 
 
 Before the election in the fall of 1866, the county was divided into six districts, instead of 
 five. A Supervisor at large was added, increasing the County Board to seven members, and 
 one-half the members were elected every year. Under this plan, the County Board was com- 
 posed of the following members: 
 
 1867 — Gustave de Neveu, at large ; Henry Wright, First District : William Thompson, 
 Second District; James Ewen, Third District; E. H. Galloway, Fourth District; A. Walters, 
 Eifth District ; J. E. Meiklejohn, Sixth District. 
 
 1868 — Gustave de Neveu, at large; A. M. Skeels, First District; B. H. Bettis, Second 
 District; James Ewen, Third District; E. H. Galloway, Fourth District; A. Walters, Fifth 
 District ; Joseph Wagner, Sixth District. 
 
 1869 — E. H. Galloway, at large; A. M. Skeels, First District; B. H. Bettis, Second 
 District; Hannibal Woodworth, Third District ; U. D. Miliills, Fourth District; Aaron Walters, 
 Fifth District ; J. Wagner, Sixth District. 
 
HISTORY or rOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 391 
 
 1870 — E. H. Galloway, at large ; A. M. Skeels, First District ; A. J. Yorty, Second Dis- 
 trict ; Hannibal Woodwortli, Third District ; S. A. Chase, Fourth District ; A. Walters, Fifth 
 District, and Joseph Wagner, Sixth District. 
 
 The County Board was at this time changed back to the " Town Principle " of representa- 
 tion, the first election being held in April, 1870, and has since continued in that form. The 
 diiferent Boards have been as follows: 
 
 1870— For A.shford, Jacob Haessley ; for Auburn, J. P. Post; Alto, H. C. Williams; 
 Waupun, Warren Whiting ; Oakfield, E. A. Putnam ; Byron, D. D. Treleven ; Eden, Henry 
 Hayes ; Osceola, Daniel Cavanagh ; Metomen, John Wormwood ; Springavle, S. Wilkinson ; 
 Lamartine, E. P. Hall; Fond du Lac Town, G. K. Stanchfield ; Empire, A. T. Germond ; 
 Forest, J. W. Hall: Ripon Town, A. A. Loper; llosendale, J. W. Sanders; Eldorado, C. W. 
 Frederick; Friendship, J. Kinsman ; Taycheedah, B. F. O'Laughlin ; Marshfield, J. Wagner ; 
 Calumet, Thomas Bovd ; First Ward of Fond du Lac City, H. Shattuck ; Second Ward, C. L. 
 Ailing; Third Ward. H. P. Brown ; Fourth Ward. William Rueping ; Fifth Ward, U. D. 
 Mihills; First Ward, Ripon City, William Workman ; Second Ward, J. J. Foote ; North Ward, 
 village of Waupun, T. W. Markle. 
 
 1871 — For Alto, James McElroy ; for Asbford, Peter Johnson ; Auburn, J. V. Harter ; 
 Byron, D. D. Treleven; Calumet, C. Thuerwacbter ; Eldorado, C. W. Frederick; Eden, N. 
 Klotz ; Empire, A. T. Germond; Forest, "J. W. Hall; Friendship, J. Kinsman; Fond du Lac 
 Town, D. C. Lamb ; Lamartine, E. P. Hall ; Metomen. A. J. Yorty ; Marshfield, J. Wagner ; 
 Osceola, D. Cavanagh; Oakfield, V. E. Galloway; Ripon, A. A. Loper; Rosendale, E. C. 
 Stewart; Springvale, 8. Wilkinson ; Taycheedah, B. F. O'Laughlin; Waupun, Warren Whit- 
 ing ; First Ward of Ripon City, S. Sumner; Second Ward, J. Dobbs, Jr.; First Ward of Fond 
 du Lac City, William Koehne ; Second Ward, C. L. Ailing ; Third Ward, H. P. Brown ; Fourth 
 Ward, S. A. Chase; Fifth Ward, 0. C. Bissell ; North Ward of Waupun Village, T. W. Markle. 
 
 1872 — For Alto, G. H. Downey ; for Ashford, Peter Johnson ; Auburn, Andrew Dier- 
 enger; Waupun, Warren Whiting; Oakfield, N. Filby ; Byron, John Bell; Eden, N. Klotz; 
 Osceola, D. Cavanagh ; Metomen, R. C. Kelley ; Springvale, S. Wilkinson ; Lamartine, E. P. 
 Hall; Fond du Lac Town, H. Van Allen; Empire, A. T. Germond; Forest, J. W. Hall; 
 Eipon Town, A. A. Loper ; Rosendale, H. C. Bottum ; Eldorado, James Lewis ; Friendship, 
 Hector Munroe ; Taycheedah, B. F. O'Laughlin ; Marshfield, J. Wagner ; Calumet, Lambert 
 Brost; First Ward of Ripon City, William Workman ; Second Ward, H. S. Town ; First Ward 
 of city of Fond du Lac, Wdliam Koehne ; Second Ward, C. F. Kalk ; Third Ward, S. W. 
 Edson : Fourth Ward, C. L. Encking ; Fifth Ward, Nathan Parker ; North AVard of Waupun 
 Village, T. W. Markle. 
 
 1873 — ilichael Serwe, for Ashford; A. Dierenger, Auburn; G. H. Downey, Alto; 
 Joseph Fairbanks, Waupun ; E. A. Putnam, Oakfield; John Bell, Byron; Ignatius Klotz, Eden ; 
 D. Cavanagh, Osceola ; John Wormwood, Metomen ; T. K. Gillett, Springvale ; A. A. John- 
 son, Lamartine ; D. C. Lamb, Fond du Lac Town ; A. T. Germond, Empire ; J. W. Hall, 
 Forest ; A. A. Loper, Ripon Town ; H. C. Bottum, Rosendale ; James Lewis. Eldorado ; Hector 
 Munroe, Friendship ; B. F. O'Laughlin, Taycheedah ; J. Wagner, Marshfield ; Lambert Brost, 
 Calumet ; George E. Sutherland, First Ward of Ripon City ; J. Dobbs, Second Ward of the 
 same ; L. R. Lewis, First Ward ; C. F. Kalk, Second Ward ; M. W. Simmons, Third Ward ; 
 C. A. Galloway, Fourth Ward ; N. Parker, Fifth Ward, of Fond du Lac City ; J. W. Oliver, 
 North Ward of Waupun Village. 
 
 1874 — John A. Hendricks, for Ashford ; C. Oeder, Auburn ; G. H. Downey, Alto ; War- 
 ren Whiting, Waupun Town ; E. A. Putnam, Oakfield ; John Bell, Byron ; I. Klotz, Eden ; D. 
 Cavanagh, Osceola ; John Wormwood, Metomen ; T. K. Gillett, Springvale ; A. A. Johnson, 
 Lamartine ; D. C. Lamb, Fond du Lac Town ; John Meiklejohn, Empire ; J. W. Hall, Forest; 
 A. A. Loper, Ripon Town ; H. C. Bottum, Rosendale ; C. W. Frederick, Eldorado ; Charles 
 Carbery, Friendship ; Michael Wirtz, Taycheedah ; Lambert Brost, Calumet ; William Wolf, 
 Marshfield ; T. W. Markle, North Ward of Waupun Village ; J. Bo wen, First Ward of Ripon 
 
392 HISTORY OF FOND DF LAC COUNTY. 
 
 City ; J. Dobbs, Second Ward of Ripon City ; T. F. Mayham, First Ward ; C. L. Ailing, 
 Second Ward ; M. W. Simmons, Tliird Ward : S. A. Cliase, Fourth Ward, and John Gill. Fifth 
 Ward, Fond du Lac City. 
 
 1875— Michael Thelen, for Ashford ; C. Oeder, Auburn ; G. H. Downey, Alto ; L. H. 
 Hills, Waupun Town ; A. A. Swan, Oakfield ; John Bell, Byron ; I. Klotz, Eden ; D. Cava- 
 nagh, Osceola ; John Wormwood, Metomen ; F. M. Wheeler, Springvale ; P. Greening, Lamar- 
 tine ; John Meiklejohn, Empire ; Peter Loehr, Forest ; E. P. West, Ripon Town ; H. C. Bot- 
 tum, Rosendale ; C. W. Frederick, Eldoi'ado ; Joseph Kinsman, Friendship ; Michael Wirtz, 
 Taycheedah ; Lambert Brost, Calumet ; Richard Schrage, Marshfield ; T. W. Markle, North 
 Ward of Waupun Village ; E. L. Northrup, First Ward of Ripon City ; J. Dobbs, Second 
 Ward of Ripon City: J. F. M. Gaertner, First Ward, C. L. Ailing, Second Ward, John 
 Spence, Third Ward, C. L. Encking, Fourth Ward, 0. C. Bissell, Fifth Ward, Leroy Graves, 
 Si.xth Ward, A. Haberniann, Seventh Ward, and 0. Hatch, Eighth Ward, Fond du Lac City. 
 
 1876— Michael Thelen, for Ashford ; C. Oeder, Auburn ; G. H. Downey, Alto ; W. t. 
 Brooks, Waupun ; A. A. Swan, Oakfield ; John Bell, Byron ; I. Klotz, Eden ; D. Cavanagh, 
 Osceola ; P. K. Pickard, Metomen ; T. K. Gillett, Springvale ; Phillip Greening, Lamartine ; 
 H. Van Allen, Fond du Lac Town ; John Meiklejohn, Empire : Peter Loehr, Forest ; E. P. 
 West, Ripon Town; H. C. Bottum, Rosendale; John Reimer, Eldorado; P. McMonagle, 
 Friendship ; Michael Wirtz, Taycheedah ; Lambert Brost, Calumet ; Frederick Konz, Marsh- 
 field ; T. W. Markle, North Ward, Waupun Village ; J. P. Taggart, First Ward, Ripon City ; 
 J. Dobbs, Second Ward, Ripon City ; S. S. Bowers, First Ward, Byron Town, Second Ward, 
 J. C. Lowell, Third Ward, S. A. Chase, Fourth Ward, 0. C. Bissell, Fifth Ward, Leroy 
 Graves, Sixth Ward, David Chamberlain, Seventh Ward, and A. T. Little, Eighth Ward, Fond 
 du Lac City. 
 
 1877— Michael Thelen, for Ashford ; C. Oeder, Auburn ; G. H. Dowirey, Alto ; L. H. 
 Hills, Waupun Town: A. A. Swan, Oakfield; John Bell, Byron; I. Klotz, Eden; D. Cava- 
 nagh, Osceola; John Wormwood, Metomen ; A. C. Whiting, Springvale; W. S. Warner, Lamar- 
 tine ; H. Van Allen, Fond du Lac Town ; Edward Colman, Empire ; William Ralston, Ripon 
 Town ; George D. Curtis, Rosendale ; John Reimer, Eldorado ; J. Kinsman, Friendship ; M. 
 Wirtz, Taycheedah ; T. Konz, Marshfield : Lambert Brost. Calumet ; E. L. Northrup, First 
 Ward, Ripon City ; J. Dobbs, Second Ward, Ripon City ; John Musgat, First Ward, C. Serwe, 
 Second Ward, B". F. Moore, Third Ward, C. H. De Groat, Fourth Ward, J. F. Fontana, Fifth 
 Ward : J. W. Crippen, Sixth Ward, John Gallagher, Seventh Ward, and A. T. Little, Eighth 
 Ward, Fond du Lac City ; T. W. Markle, North Ward, Waupun Village. 
 
 1878— W. D. Ash, for Brandon Village : F. L. Bacon, Waupun Town ; John Bell, Byron ; 
 L. Brost, Columet ; E, C. Stewart, Rosendale ; G. H. Downey, Alto: Phillip Greening, Lamar- 
 tine ; Theodore Herrling, Friendship; I. Klotz, Eden; F. Konz, Marshfield; C. Oeder, 
 Auburn ; P. K. Pickard, Metomen ; A. R. Hargrave, Ripon Town ; John Reimer, Eldorado j 
 Richard Ring, Osceola: A. A. Swan, Oakfield; M. Thelen, Ashford; F. M. Wheeler, Spring- 
 vale; John Wiley, Empire; M. Wirtz, Taycheedah; John Will, Forest; Henry Van Allen, 
 Fond du Lac Town; W. B. Kingsbury, First Ward, of Ripon City ; Jerre Dobbs, Second Ward, 
 of Ripon City : F. B. Hoskins. First Ward, Joseph Radford, Second Ward, B. F. Moore, 
 Third Ward, A. H. Bruett, Fourth Ward, 0. C. Bissell, Fifth Ward, Fred Grill, Sixth 
 Ward, William Ladewig, Seventh Ward, and Martin Kaeding, Eighth Ward, of Fond du Lac 
 City; T. W. Markle, North Ward of Waupun Village. 
 
 1879— T. F. Mayham, for First Ward, C. L. Ailing, Second Ward, Azro B. Taylor, 
 Third Ward, A. H. BVuett, Fourth Ward, 0. C. Bissell, Fifth Ward, B. F. Sweet. Sixth 
 Ward, Daniel Schaefer, Seventh Ward, and M. Kaeding, Eighth Ward, of Fond du Lac City ; 
 W. D. Ash, village of Brandon, F. L. Bacon, Waupun Town ; John Bell, Byron ; L. Brost, 
 Calumet; E. Babcock, Ripon Town ; L. B. Dunham, Fond du Lac Town : G. H. Downey, 
 Alto : J. M. Geerey, First Ward, of Ripon City ; E. L. Runals, Second Ward, of Ripon City ; 
 T. K. Gillett, Springvale; T. Herrling, Friendship; I. Klotz, Eden; James Lafferty, Empire •, 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DF LAC COUI^TY. 393 
 
 T. W. Markle, North Ward, of Waupun Village ; W. D. Nash, Lamartine ; C. Oeder, Auburn : 
 P. K. Pickard, Metomen ; Richard Ring, Osceola; F. R. Shepard, Oakfield; J. K. Scribner. 
 Eldorado ; E. C. Stewart, Rosendale ; M. Thelen, Ashford ; John Will, Forest ; M. Wirtz, 
 Taycheedah ; Fred. Konz, Marshfield. 
 
 Chairmen of the County Board. — Reuben Simmons, 1839 and 184:0 ; John Bannister, 
 1841 ; George White, 1842 ; John J. Driggs, 1843 ; Edward Pier, 1844 ; Rufus P. Eaton, 
 1845: Lester Rounds, 1846; George D. Ruggles, 1847 ; David P. Mapes, 1848 ; Peter V. 
 Sang, 1849 and 1850 ; William Starr, 1851 ; Isaac Brown, 1852 ; N. M. Donaldson, 1853 : 
 Peter V. Sang, 1854 ; Henrv Conklin, 1855 ; N. M. Donaldson, 1856 ; John Boyd, 1857 ; 
 William Plocker, 1858; Joseph Wagner, 1859; George W. Sawyer, 1860; John Boyd, 1861; 
 
 B. F. Moore, 1862, 1863, 1864 and 1865; E. H. Galloway, 1866, 1867, 1868 and 1869; V. 
 D. MihiUs, 1870; Dana C. Lamb, 1871; Joseph Wagner, 1872; Jerre Dobbs, 1873; F. F. 
 Parsons, 1874; Jerre Dobbs, 1875, 1876, 1877 and 1878; Lambert Brest, 1879. 
 
 TERRITORIAL STATE AND NATIONAL REPRESENTATION. 
 
 L— Fond nv L.vc County's Repkbsentation in the Territoihal Legislatuue. 
 
 First Session of the First Legislative Assembly, 1S36. — Members of the Council, Henry 
 S. Baird and John P. Arndt. Representatives — Ebenezer Childs, Albert G. Ellis and Alexander 
 J. Irwin.;* District composed of Brown county, which included Fond du Lac not yet organized. 
 
 Second Session. 1837-38. — Members of Council, John P. Arndt and Joseph Dickinson, f 
 Representatives — Ebenezer Childs, George McWilliams and Charles C. Sholes. 
 
 Special Session, 1838. — Members of Council, Alexander .J. Irwin and John P. Arndt. 
 Representatives — George McWilliams, Charles C. Sholes and Ebenezer Childs. 
 
 First Session of the Secotid Legislative Assembly, 1838. — Members of Council, Alex- 
 ander J. Irwin and Morgan L. Martin. Representatives — Ebenezer Childs, Charles C. Sholes, 
 Barlow Shackleford and Jacob W. Conroe. 
 
 Second S'sswti, 1839. — Members of Council, Morgan L. Martin and Alexander J. 
 Irwin. Representatives — Ebenezer Childs, Charles C. Sholes, Barlow Shackleford and Jacob 
 W. Conroe. 
 
 Third Sessiuti, 1839-4-0. — Members of Council, Morgan L. Martin and Charles C. P. 
 Arndt. Representatives — Ebenezer Childs, Jacob W. Conroe, Charles C. Sholes and Barlow 
 Shackleford. 
 
 Fourth (extra) Session, ISIfO. — Members of Council, Morgan L. Martin and Charles C. 
 P. Arndt. Representatives — Ebenezer Childs, Barlow Shackleford, Charles C. Sholes and 
 .Jacob W. Conroe. 
 
 First Session of the Third Legislative Assembly, 18J/.0-4.1. — Members of Council, Charles 
 
 C. P. Arndt and Morgan L. Martin. Representatives — William H. Bruce,J Mason C. Darling, 
 and David Giddings ; District composed of Brown, Fond du Lac, Manitowoc and Sheboygan 
 Counties. 
 
 Second Session, ISlfl-JfS. — Members of Council, Morgan L. Martin and Charles C. P. 
 Arndt. § Representatives — Mason C. Darling, Albert G. Ellis and David Giddings ; District 
 composed of Brown, Fond du Lac, Manitowoc, Portage and Sheboygan Counties. 
 
 First Session of the Fourth Legislative Assembly, 1842-4-3. — Member of Council, 
 Morgan L. Martin. Representatives — Albert G. Ellis, Mason C. Darling and David Agry ; 
 District composed of Brown, Calumet, Fond du Lac, Manitowoc, Marquette, Portage, She- 
 boygan and Winnebago Counties. 
 
 Second Session, 1843-44- — Member of Council, Morgan L. Martin. Representatives — 
 Albert G. Ellis, Mason C. Darling and David Agry ; District composed of Brown, Calumet, 
 Fond du Lac, Manitowoc, Marquette, Portage, Sheboygan and Winnebago Counties. 
 
 * Seat successfully contested by George McWilliams. 
 
 t Elected in place ot H. S. Baird. resigned. Mr. Dickinson's seat was conte.steJ and vacated ; replaced by Alexander J. Irwin. 
 
 iSeat successfully conte.sted by .\lbert G. Ellis. 
 
 I Killed by James R. Vineyard, February 11, 1842. 
 
394 HISTOKY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Third Session, 1845. — Member of Council, Randall Wilcox. Representati>res — Mason 
 C. Darling. Abraham Brawley and William Fowler ;* District composed of Brown, Calumet, 
 Fond du Lac, Manitowoc, Marquette, Portage, Sheboygan and Winnebago Counties. 
 
 Fourth Session, 184-6. — Member of Council, Randall Wilcox. Representatives — Abra- 
 ham Brawley, Mason C. Darling and Elisha Morrow ; District composed of Brown, Calumet, 
 Fond du Lac, Manitowoc, Marquette, Portage, Sheboygan and Winnebago Counties. 
 
 First Session of the Fifth Legislative Assembly, 1847. — Member of Council, Mason C. 
 Darling. Representatives — Elisha Morrow and Hugh McFarland ; District composed of 
 Brown, Columbia, Fond du Lac, ALxnitowoc, Marquette, Portage and Winnebago Counties. 
 
 Special Session, 1847. — Member of Council, Mason C. Darling. Representatives — 
 Moses S. Gibson and G. W. Featherstonhaugh ; District composed of Columbia, Brown, Calumet, 
 Fond du Lac, Manitowoc, Marquette, Portage and Winnebago Counties. 
 
 Second Session, .1848. — Member of Council, Mason C. Darling. Representatives — 
 G. W. Featherstonhaugh and Moses S. Gibson; District composed of Brown, Columbia, Calumet, 
 Fond du Lac, Manitowoc, Marquette, Portage and Winnebago Counties. 
 
 II.— FoxD DU Lac County's Repkeskxtatiox i\ the Coxstitutioxal Coxa^extiox of 1846 
 
 AND OF 1847-8. 
 
 The first convention to frame a constitution for the State of Wisconsin assembled at 
 Madison, the capital, on the 5th day of October, 1846, and adjourned on the 16th day of Decem- 
 ber following, having framed a constitution, which was submitted to a vote of the people on 
 the first Tuesday in April, 1847, and rejected. In this convention. Fond du Lac County was 
 represented by Warren Chase, Lorenzo Hazen and Moses S. Gibson. 
 
 A second convention to frame a constitution for the State assembled at Madison, on the 
 loth of December, 1847, and adjourned on the 1st day of February, 1848, having framed a 
 constitution, which was submitted to a vote of the people on the second Monday in March fol- 
 lowing, and adopted. In that convention Fond du Lac County was represented by Samuel W. 
 Beal and Warren Chase. 
 
 III.— Fond du L.\(' County's Hepkesentation in the State Sexate. 
 
 Warren Chase, 1848-49 ; John A. Eastman, 1850-51 ; Bertine Pinknev, 1852; A. M. Blair, 
 1853 ; Charles A. Eldj-edge, 1854-55 ; Edward Pier. 1856-59 ; E. L. Phillips, 1860-61 ; George 
 W. Mitchell, 1862-53 ; George F.Wheeler, 1864-67 ; Edward S. Bragg, 1868-69 ; Hiram S. Town, 
 1870-71; W. H. Hiner and Joseph Wagner, 1872-75; H. H. Hiner and Daniel Cavanagh, 
 1876-77; A. A. Loper and Lewis Wolff, 1878-79 ; George Sutherland and P. H. Smith. 1880-81. 
 
 In 1872, tiie Eighteenth Senatorial District was made to include the whole of Fond du 
 Lac County, except the towns of Calumet, Marshfield, Forest, Osceola, Auburn, Ashford, Tay- 
 chcedah and Eden, which, with the county of Sheboygan, formed the Twentieth District. This 
 apportionment remains unchanged. The Eighteenth District has thus far been represented by 
 Hiner, Loper and Sutherland ; the Twentieth by Cavanagh, Wolff and Smith. 
 
 IV.— Fond du Lac County's Representation in the Assembly. 
 
 1848 — Charles Doty and Jonathan Daugherty. 1849 — Morgan L. Noble and Jonathan 
 Daugherty. 1850 — Morgan L. Noble and Bertine Pinkney. 1851 — Morris S. Barnett and 
 Charles L. Julius. 1852 — Benjamin F. Moore and N. M. Donaldson. 1853 — Querin Lcehr, Isaac 
 S. Tallmadge, Charles D. Gage and N. M. Donaldson. 1854 — Major J. Thomas, N. M. Donald- 
 son, Isaac S. Tallmadge and Edward Bcencr. 1855 — John Boyd, B. R. Harrington, George W. 
 Parker and William H. Ebbetts. 1856 — Isaac Brown, Peter Johnson, Joseph Wagner and 
 George W. Parker. 1857 — Edmund L. Runals, M. S. Barnett, John B. Wilbor, Major J. 
 Thomas and Aaron Walters. 1858 — Edmund L. Runals, Henry D. Hitt, F. D. McCarty,. 
 
 ■A Brothertown Indian. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 395 
 
 Joseph Wagner and William S. Tuttle. 1859 — Alvan E. Bovay, Warren Whiting, John C. 
 Lewis, 0. H. Fetters, elected in place of E. K. Barnes, who died before taking his seat, and 
 Silas C. Matteson. 1860 — A. E. Bovay, B. H. Bettis, John C. Lewis, John Boyd and 
 Walcott T. Brooks. 1861 — C. T. Hammond, B. H. Bettis, Selira Newton, John W. Ilall and 
 Horace Stanton. 1862 — C. F. Hammond, W. W. Hatcher. Campbell McLean, Jolin Boyd, 
 and H. C. Hamilton. 1863 — Willian Starr, Freeman M. Wheeler. E. H. Galloway, Samuel 
 O'Hara and E. Foster. 1864 — William Starr, James McElroy, E. H. Galloway, Charles 
 Geisse and Edgar Wilcox. 1865 — D. C. Van Ostrand, J. H. Brinkerhoff, James Sawyer, 
 Thomas Boyd and Jonathan Large. 1866 — A. M. Skeels, George F. Clark, James Coleman, 
 Joseph Wagner and Andrew Dierenger. 1867 — A. M. Skeels, A. C. Whiting, James Coleman, 
 L. H. Gary, C. D. Gage and Joseph Wagner. 1868— Henry C. Bottiim, R. C. Kelly, D. B. 
 Conger, S. A. Chase, Nicholas Klotz and Joseph Wagner. 1869 — H. C. Bottum, B. H. Bettis, 
 I. K. Hamilton, W. S. Warner, Andrew Dierenger and Charles Geisse. 1870 — Jerry Dobbs, 
 Jr., R. Sleyster, John Boyd, U. D. Mihills, D. Cavanagh and Charles Geisse. 1871— J. 
 Bowen, J. A. Baker, G. T. Thorn, U. D. Mihills, M. Lonergan and Joseph Wagner. 1872 — 
 A. J. Yorty, E. Colraan and A. Walters. 1873— A. A. Loper, R. M. Lewis and T. M. Fay. 
 1874 — David Whitton, T. S. Weeks and Jaaies Lafferty. 1875 — William Plocker, George 
 Hunter and M. Serwe. 1876 — J. K. Scribner, E. A. Putnam and Lambert Brest. 1877 — 
 W. T. Innis, W. T. Brooks, T. W. Spence and Lambert Brest. 1878 — James Fitzgerald, A. A. 
 Swan, Michael Wirtz and Uriah Wood. 1879— Henry C. Bottum, Phillip Greening. T. W. 
 Spence and M. Thelen. 1880 — W. A. Adamson, D. D. Treleven, J. F. Ware and L Klotz. 
 
 v.— Fond du Lac County's Repkesentation in Congress. 
 
 The act of Congress, approved April 20, 183G, organizing the Territory of Wisconsin, con- 
 ferred upon the people the right to be represented in the National Congress by one delegate, to 
 be chosen by the votes of the qualified electors of the Territory. Under this authority, the 
 Territory was represented in Congress by the following delegates : 
 
 George W. Jones, elected October 10, 1836 ; James D. Doty, September 10, 1838 ; James 
 D. Doty, August 5, 1840; Henry Dodge, September 27, 1841; Henry Dodge, September 25, 
 1848 ; Morgan L. Martin, September 22, 1845 ; John H. Tweedy, September 6, 1847. 
 
 By the Constitution, adopted when the Territory became a State in 1848, two Representa- 
 tives in Congress were provided for, by ilividing the State into two Congressional Districts. 
 The Second District included, along with other counties, that of Fond du Lac. Lender this 
 authority, an election was held May 8, 1848, and Mason C. Darling was elected to represent 
 the Second District. He took his seat June 9 of that year. At the first session of the State 
 Legislature — June 5 to August 21, 1848 — the State was divided into three Congressional Dis- 
 tricts. Fond du Lac County fell into the Third District. This apportionment continued 
 unchanged until 1861. The Third District was represented in Congress as follows: Thirty- 
 first Congress, James Duane Doty ; Thirty-second, John B. Macy ; Thirty-third, John B. Macy ; 
 Thirty-fourth, Charles Billinghurst ; Thirty-fifth, Charles Billinghurst ; Thirty-sixth, Charles 
 H. Larrabee ; Thirty-seventh, A. Scott Sloan. 
 
 At the fourteenth session of the Legislature of Wisconsin — January 9th to May 27, 1861 
 — the State was divided into six Congressional Districts. Under this apportionment. Fond du 
 Lac County fell into the Fourth District. For the next ten years, this District was represented 
 in the National Legislature by — Thirty-eighth Congress, Charles A. Eldredge ; Thirty-ninth, 
 Charles A. Eldredge : Fortieth, Charles A. Eldredge ; Forty-first, Charles A. Eldredge ; Forty- 
 second, Charles A. Eldredge. 
 
 The present Congressional apportionment was made at the forty-fifth session of the Legis- 
 lature — January 10, to March 27, 1872 — when the State was divided into eight districts. Fond 
 du Lac County was included, by that apportionment, in the Fifth District. From that time to 
 the present, the Representatives from this district have been — Forty-third Congress, Charles 
 
396 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 A. Eldredge; Forty-fourth, Samuel D. Burchard ; Forty-fifth, Edward S. Bragg; Forty-sixth, 
 Edward S. Bragg. 
 
 NAVIGATION OF LAKE WINNEBAGO. 
 
 The first white man that ever navigated Winnebago Lake was John Nicolet — the first of 
 civilized men to set foot upon any portion of what is now the State of Wisconsin. This was in 
 the year 1G34. His craft was the bark canoe. Then followed the French trader and the Jesuit 
 missionary in their canoes of the same material. It was not until Green Bay had become an 
 American settlement that Durham boats were used upon Lake Winnebago. These were dis- 
 placed to a great extent by sailing boats and small steamers, not many years subsequent to the 
 first settlement of Fond du Lac County. But few people of the present day know what " Dur- 
 ham " boats are like. They were very substantial scows, and would float from fifteen to fifty 
 tons of freight. The logs from which they were made were elevated on "horses " several feet 
 above the ground, and a pit excavated under them in which, below the logs, " whip-sawyers" 
 stood while sawing or "ripping" them into planks. The boats had walks built near the gun- 
 wale on both sides on which the crew walked while propelling the clumsy craft with poles. 
 Sometimes, when the water became too deep for " poling," a square sail was hoisted, which, how- 
 ever, was a means of but little progress. 
 
 The first steamboat that ever i-an upon Lake Winnebago was the Manchester, brought by 
 Capt. Stephen Houghtaling from Buft'alo, N. Y., in 1843. The woodwork was overhauled 
 anil some of it replaced at Brothertown. The craft was then taken to Taycheedah, where the 
 machinery was repaired and put in order, and where its first trip was made. It was a small, 
 slow boat, with well-worn locomotive machinery, and did not finish ifs first voyage out of Tay- 
 cheedah, as planned, being obliged to return for further repairs. In the fall of 184-3, B. F. 
 Moore ran her up the Wolf River with supplies. She was the first boat to ascend that 
 stream, and the crew were obliged to cut away the lumber rafts and driftwood in its numerous 
 bends before it was possible to proceed. At Shawano, the engine crank was broken, and two 
 men, Charles Westcott and Aaron Ninham, took a portion of the broken piece to Green Bay to 
 secure a new casting. This they soon did, and although weighing 151 pounds actually carried 
 it on their backs through an unbroken forest and over unbridged streams back to the boat, a dis- 
 tance of more than forcy miles. During the first few years she ran upon Lake Winnebago, 
 the Manciiester was mostly engaged in towing rafts of logs or lumber, transporting supplies and 
 carrying a little freight. On one occasion, she was eleven days making a trip with a raft in 
 tow, between Fond du Lac and Oshkosh, and frequently, in rough weather, she required two 
 days for the same journey with onlv a small load. In 1847, she was overhauled and made regu- 
 lar trips. Full information as to time, passenger and freight rates, which are of interest now, 
 may be obtained from the following notice and advertisement, copied from the Fond du Lac 
 WJdg of May 13, 1847 : 
 
 " We take pleasure in inviting the attention of the public to the steamboat advertisement 
 which appears in to-day's paper. The Manchester is a beautiful and commodious boat, com- 
 manded by Capt. Houghtaling, and fitted up for convenience or pleasure, and plies between Fond 
 du Lao and the Rapids, three times a week, and returns on alternate days. From the gentle- 
 manly bearing and enterprise of the captain, the accommodation offered by the crew, the con- 
 venience of the boat and the cheapness of the fire and freight, we hesitate not to recommend 
 this as the best route to the rapids or any landing on the lake shores." 
 
 The advertisement referred to in the foregoing is as follows : 
 
 " 1847. Lake Winnebago Steamboat Arrangement. The Manchester, Houghtaling, 
 Master, will run during the season between Fond du Lac and Neenah, as follows : Departures. 
 Leaves Taycheedah, Mondays, 7 o'clock A. M. Leaves Fond du Lac, Mondays, 8 o'clock A. 
 M., for Oshkosh, touching at Brothertown. Leaves Oshkosh, Tuesdays, 8 o'clock A. M., for 
 Taycheedah and Fond du Lac, touching at Brothertown. Leaves Taycheedah, Wednesdays, 
 7 o'clock A. M. Leaves Fond du Lac, 8 o'clock A. M., for Neenah (foot of the lake,) touching 
 at Brothertown and Oshkosh. Leaves Neenah, Thursdays, 7 o'clock A. M., for Taycheedah and 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 399 
 
 Fond du Lac, touching at Oshkosh and Brothertown. Leaves Taycheedah, Fridays, 7 o'clock 
 A. M. Leaves Fond du Lac, Fridays, 8 o'clock A. M. for Oshkosh, touching at Brothertown. 
 Leaves Oshkosh, Saturdays, at 8 o'clock A. M. for Taycheedah and Fond du Lac, touching at 
 Brothertown. Fare : From Taycheedah to Brothertown, 25 cents. From Taycheedah to Osh- 
 kosh, 50 cents. From Taycheedah to Neenah, 75 cents. From Fond du Lac to Brothertown, 
 25 cents. From Fond du Lac to Oshkosh, 50 cents. From Fond du Lac to Neenah, 75 cents. 
 From Brothertown to Oshkosh, 50 cents. From Neenah to Oshkosh, 50 cents. From Neenah 
 to Taycheedah, 75 cents. From Neenah to Fond du Lac, 75 cents. Meals extra. Freight : 
 Whisky, per barrel, 25 cents; flour, 12 cents; pork, 25 cents; grain, per bushel, 6 cents; 
 household furniture, per barrel, bulk, I'll cents. The above charges for freight are from any 
 of the above ports to any other port." 
 
 The ne.xt steamer after the Manchester was the Peytona, built in 1849 by the Peytona 
 Company at Neenah, for Capt. Estes. She was one of the best boats ever built on the lake. 
 The third steamer was the D. B. Whitaker, built by Capt. James and Mark R. Harrison, at 
 Oshkosh, in 18-19, and put to service the following year. In 1851, the Harrison Brothers 
 (Mark R. is the artist, now living in Fond du Lac, and Capt. James is a Mississippi 
 steamboat captain), built the John Mitchell, at Menasha. During tiie same year, the Ryans 
 built at this same place the Menasha, which was the largest steamboat ever upon Lake Winne- 
 bago. She had two engines, and was elegantly appointed in every way. Soon after, the Jenny 
 Lind was launched, and steamboating became almost a mania. There was very little freight- 
 ing to do, and if all the people on the shores of the lake had patronized the boats regularly, it 
 would hardly have made a paying business. Everybody who put any money into steamboating 
 at that time lost it. In 1852, John Bannister, K. A. Darling and B. F. Moore having pur- 
 chased the Peytona, ran her that season at such a loss that Bannister and Darling declared they 
 would never touch her again. Mr. Moore therefore overhauled the boat, and ran her himself 
 the ne-xt season, 1853, and made money enough to pay for her and all running expenses. But 
 the others lost more disastrously than ever. During that fall and the succeeding season of 
 1854, B. F. Moore, of Fond du Lac, and John Fitzgerald, of Oshkosh, bought all the boats on 
 the lake. They overhauled and ran seven of them, but laid up the balance. Among those in 
 service were the Neenah, Baidow, Eureka, Peytona and William A. Knapp. This combination 
 ■continued during 1854, 1855 and 1856, with profit to its proprietors. After that, Mr. Moore 
 sold out to Mr. Fitzgerald, and Fond du Lac lost her shipping interests. At that time, the 
 bar at the mouth of the Fond du Lac River prevented the entrance of steamers, and Mr. Moore 
 built a pier out into the lake, which he rented to the Oshkosh Boat Company for several years 
 afterward. In 1854, the Barlow, one of Moore & Fitzgerald's fleet, blew up at Oshkosh, 
 killing two firemen. 
 
 Henry Orr, a Scotchman, who was clerk of the Peytona, is now a millionaire, and residing 
 in Scotland. Capt. Hough taling. the first steamboat captain on Lake Winnebago, and who 
 has three sons in Fond du Lac, died at Detroit of a broken blood-vessel, while returning from 
 Pittsburgh with a boat for Lake Winnebago traflSc. 
 
 Since Mr. Moore sold his boats, the shipping interests have all remained at Oshkosh, until 
 August, 1877, when the " Fond du Lac Steamboat Company," composed of the leading business 
 men of the city of Fond du Lac, purchased the L. P. Sheldon for $2,000. It was overhauled 
 and christened the Commodore Benton. It was run during 1877 by Capt. Sam. Houghtaling. 
 and during 1878 by Capt. George Lindsley. For some unaccountable reason, the enterprise 
 diu not pay, although it resulted in reducing freight on the railways between Green Bay and 
 Fond du Lac, from 25 to 40 per cent. The Oshkosh boatmen, jealous of the Commodore Ben- 
 ton's success in securing excursion parties, raised the cry that she was an old boat, liable to 
 •explode her boilers at any moment, and that killed her passenger traffic. She was sold in the 
 fall of 1878 to John S. McDonald for $800, who sent her to Oconto to engage in towing rafts. 
 Fond du Lac is now neither the proprietor of any boats save lumber tugs, nor in the enjoyment 
 
 F 
 
•100 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 of regular trips from boats owned elsewhere, although very large quantities of wood, logs and 
 lumber are brought each season by the Oshkosh steamers. 
 
 THE WISCONSIN PHALANX. 
 
 In the year 1843, the country was agitated to a certain extent by the discussion of Fourier's 
 principles of association, and by the zeal with wliich the New York' Tribune, and some other 
 papers of recognized standing, defended " the science of new social relations," and the re-organiza- 
 tion of society. The glowing accounts received by some of the citizens of Southport (now 
 Kenosha), Wis., concerning the prospects of several societies ali-eady commenced, was the 
 means of bringing this subject of " the union of labor and capital," before the Franklin Lyceum 
 of that little village, in the fall and winter of the year just named. In the discussion which fol- 
 lowed many membei's took part. "Its vast economies, its equitable distributions, its harmony 
 of groups and series, its attractive industry, its advantages for schools, meetings, parties and 
 social festivities," were all brought forth and dilated upon. 
 
 On the 13th of November, 1843, the question came up for the first time before the Lyceum 
 in the following words : " Does the system of Fourier present a practicable plan for such a re-or- 
 ganization of society, as will guard against our present social evils?" It was discussed, on the 
 21st of the month, by Michael Frank, T. Newell, S. Fish and E. W. Hadley, in the affirmative; 
 by E. M. Kinney, C. Durkee and L. P. Harvey, in the negative. On the same evening this 
 question was proposed : " Does the system of Fourier present a practicable plan of social 
 reform '(" It was discussed by a number of the members on the evening of the 28th. At the 
 same time, a third question was proposed bearing on the same subject : " Are mankind natui'ally 
 so depraved, and is society composed of such discordant material, as to render the adoption of 
 Fourier's system impracticable'?" It was ably discussed on the evening of the 5th of Decem- 
 ber, 1843. On that evening, the subject came up a fourth time in the shape of this question : 
 "Would the system of Fourier, if adopted, tend to diminish the evils of society?" This was 
 thoroughly discussed at the ne.xt meeting — December 12, 1843 — and was the last one concerning 
 "the union of capital and labor," brought before the Lyceum. 
 
 The result of these discussions was that an organization was formed in Southport, in the 
 spring of 1844, with a President, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer, to see if the plan of 
 Fourier could be carried into practical effect. Articles of Agreement were drawn up and signed — 
 the association taking the name of The Wisconsin Phalanx. Several hundred dollars were 
 raised by the sale of stock at $25 a share. 
 
 The next step was the selection of a location and the entry and pre-emption of a few 
 hundred acres of land belonging to the General Government, where the owners of the stock were 
 to assemble and enter at once upon a new life, socially and financially. Ebenezer Childs, a well- 
 known citizen of Green Bay, Wis., who was familiar with many parts of the Territory, 
 was employed by the association to hunt a proper location for trial of the experiment determined 
 upon by its members. Childs took with him three men, and after about twelve days' search 
 upon the Government domain in Central Wisconsin, came to a tract of land in Township 16, 
 north of Range 14 east, in the county of Fond du Lac. The men who went with 
 Childs were good judges of land, and were empowered to accept or reject such location as he 
 should point out to them. The spot was in a beautiful valley, on a small stream that tumbled 
 over cliff's of lime rock, and after a course of three miles, emptied its clear waters into Green 
 Lake. Childs recommended this site as the most favorable, all things considered, of any they 
 had yet visited, and as one eminently fitted for the location of the Wisconsin Phalanx. His 
 companions accepted his views, and it was determined by them that the tract on which they 
 stood should be the spot where the association would test its theories concerning the union of 
 capital and labor. 
 
 The next step to be taken was the purchase of a few hundred acres of land from the Gen- 
 eral Government at the place fixed upon ; and for that purpose money was collected — about 
 
HISTORY or FOND Dl" LAC COUNTY. 4(Jl 
 
 eigbt hundred dollars — and put into the hands of Warren Chase, the leading spirit of the move- 
 ment. He sent the funds to Green Bay, where the lan<l office for the Green Bay Land District 
 was located, where several quarter-sections which had been selected were entered in the name 
 of Michael Frank, " a quiet citizen of the village of Southport, of irreproachable character and 
 far too honest to defraud any person, and one in whom everybody had confidence, who knew 
 him." While these transactions were going forward, the members of the Phalanx had collected 
 teams, cows, tools, provisions and tents, and started — nineteen men and one boy — with three 
 horse-teams and several ox-teams to the land of promise, by way of Watertown, in Jefferson 
 County, Wis. They left home on Monday, and after " marching and camping and camp- 
 ing and marching," reached their destination on Sunday, May 27, 1844. They camped the 
 night before on the north bank of Silver Creek, near where the stone mill was afterward 
 erected, in what is now the city of Ripon ; " and on the morning of May 27 — to them ever 
 memorable — they repaired to the valley below, on the beautiful plain surrounded by hills, like 
 an amphitheater, and one of the most beautiful spots nature has formed in Wisconsin, and there, 
 on their own lands, pitched their tents." 
 
 " They were as good material, probably, as was ever got together for a like experiment. 
 They did not belong, even in part, to the class of ' the unappreciated, the played-out, the idle, 
 and the good for nothing generally;' on the contrary, they were persons whose industry and 
 general shrewdness had already been coined into a good equipment of live stock, farm materials, 
 implements, and other necessaries for fitting out a new enterprise. What was better, they had 
 all, as pioneers, undergone that training in hard work and privation which fortified tliem against 
 discontent and homesickness. They were rather religious than irreligious, and among them 
 were two who had studied as preachers in evangelical denominations ; but there was nothing like 
 religious bigotry visible in the Phalanx ; on the contrary, every body was liberal." 
 
 The members of this association who had thus struck boldly into an uninhabited region for, 
 as they believed, a principle, were Alexander Todd, Jerome C. Cobb, Warren Chase, Jacob 
 Beckwith, Nathan Hunter, John Limbert, T. V. Newell, H. Gordon Martin, William E. Hol- 
 brook, Uriah Gould, Lester Rounds, Laban Stilwell, James Stuart, William Dunham, Joseph S. 
 Tracy, Carlton Lane, George H. Stebbins, Seth R. Kellogg, Chester Adkins ; nineteen in all. 
 A boy also came along, but he soon after leit. 
 
 On the morning of Monday, May 28, 1844, preparations began for the building of three 
 frame houses ; the first ground was broken on that day in plowing up the sod where the cellars 
 were to be dug ; breaking for crops was also commenced on the same day. The working force — 
 besides the nineteen men and boy — was eight yoke of oxen and thirty-four horses. The 
 Phalanx had, in all, fifty-four head of cattle. Their first care besides the erection of the neces- 
 sary buildings to shelter their soon-expected families, was of course to get in their crops as soon 
 as possible, the season being already far advanced. Twenty acres of potatoes, buckwheat, 
 turnips, and other vegetables, were put in, but a white frost on the morning of June 10 
 destroyed most of the corn, beans and vines. The long days were filled with toil by these hardy 
 pioneers, and the short nights were devoted to sleep on the ground, under the tents, of which 
 there were three. A Scotch sailor cooked for them in the open air ; and they ate their meals 
 on rough boards under the shade of a bower, when it did not rain ; and when it did, they ate 
 standing, to avoid an excess of water on the body, and because they could shed the rain better 
 in that position. The dwellings were twenty by thirty feet each, one and one-half stories high, 
 and thirty feet apart. They were completed from oak trees which furnished, without saw-mill, 
 the frames, the clapboards, the shingles and the floors. Lumber for the stairs and upper floor 
 was brought from a distance. These buildings stood on what is now Lot 2 in Block 4, and were 
 the first houses of any kind built within the present limits of the city of Ripon. In coming to 
 their new homes, the members of the association left their families behind them. Before the 
 three houses were inclosed some of their wives and children arrived, brought by horse teams, 
 which were kept constantly going from and to the old and new homes. 
 
402 HISTORY OF FOMD DF LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The next arrival at the " domain," after those who reached the valley May 28, was 
 Ebenezer Childs. He came June 4, but only remained until the 24th of September following. 
 On the 4th of July, a liberty pole was raised, and the stars and stripes floated proudly in the 
 breeze. 
 
 The most important improvement needed, it was now seen, was the building of a saw-mill and 
 the erection of a dam across Silver Creek. It was late in winter before the saw-mill was in run- 
 ning order, and then the creek was too much frozen for use. The consequence was that the 
 Phalanx had to go without many boards to protect man and beast from the inclemency of the 
 weather, during all the cold months ; but the hay, which was abundant, supplied largely the 
 place of boards for shelter for their animals, and was used for beds lor the families. There was 
 " broken up " and sowed to winter wheat one hundred acres of prairie the first year. 
 
 When the families (about twenty, who all ate at a common table in the basement of one of 
 the houses, where all the cooking was done) were all packed for winter quarters, and " the boys" 
 were hunting fence timber and saw-logs on the Government land, Warren Chase started for 
 Madison to secure a charter, or act of incorporation, for the society. The act had been care- 
 fully drawn up by him, and submitted to the members and approved, and he was authorized to 
 secure its passage with as few amendments as possible. After much labor in lobbying, he was 
 successful, his bill having passed tlie Assembly and Council, the two houses of the Territorial 
 Legislature. It was approved by N. P. Tallmadge, on the 6th day of February, 1845, the 
 (iovernor remarking, interrogatively, to Chase as he ?igned the act, " It will not compromise 
 my Democracy to sign it, will it?" The charter was in these words: 
 
 An Act to Incokpokatk thp; Wisconsin Phalanx. 
 Be it enacted by ike Council atid House of ReprcspntativeH of the Territoiy of Wisconsin : 
 
 Section 1. Tlia( Warren Chase. Uriel F.-irmin, Lesfer Hounds, .Jacob Beckwith, Laban Stilwell and William 
 Piinliain. and all others who shall become associated with them as members, shall be, and they are hereby declared 
 to be, a body corporate, or politic, to be known and designated as the Wisconsin Phalanx, and .as such corporation are 
 hereby declared capable of siting .and being sued, answering and being answered unto, pleading and being impleaded, 
 defending and being defended, in all courts and places in all suits, actions, matters and causes whatever. And the 
 said corporation shall have a continued and perpetual succession, and shall have power to make a common seal .and 
 change the same at pleasure. 
 
 Sec 2. The said corporation shall have power to own and hold real estate and personal property in joint 
 stock, to purchase and transfer property, real or personal, at pleasure, using the common seal and signature of the 
 corporation. But in no case shall said corporation sell and convey real estate without the consent of all the stock- 
 holders, or a special law of the Legislature of this Territory for that purpose. The evidence of stock in this cor- 
 poration shall be kept in a book denominated a stock-book, which book shall at all times be a sufficient evidence 
 to any person or persons title to stock or interest in said corporation, and shall be a public record of the same. 
 
 " Sec. 3. Tiie property re.al and personal of said corporation shall be held in stock, numbered in shares of $2-5 
 each, and transferable at the will of the holder; but no transfer shall be effectual until recorded on the books of the 
 corporation by the recording oilicer of the Phalanx. 
 
 Sec. 4. The said corporation shall be located in the town of Ceresco, in the county of Fond du Lac, to which 
 town the business operations of the Corporation shall at all times be restricted. Provided, however, that nothing 
 herein contained shall be so construed as to prohibit the corporation from owning and occupying timbered or 
 meadow lands in any other town, and provided further that the quantity of land held by said corporation shall never 
 exceed forty acres to each person belonging thereto. 
 
 Sec. 5. The corporation, or the officers thereof, shall have no power to contract any debt in their incorporate 
 name or by virtue of this act, to issue any notes or scrips, or evidences of debt whatever; and if said corporation, 
 or its lioard of Managers, shall contract or assume to contract any debt in the name of said corporation, each indi- 
 vidual member thereof shall be personally liable to pay such debt. 
 
 Sec. G. Warren Chase, Lester Rounds and Uriel Farmin, are hereby authorized and empowered to open books 
 and receive subscriptions for stock in said corporation, on the third Monday in February, A. D. 184-5, at the house 
 of Lester Rounds, in the town of Ceresco, in the county of Fond ilu Lac, W. T., and to continue open said books at 
 such times and places as they shall deem proper, until the (.^ouncil hereinafter mentioned shall be elected ; immedi- 
 ately after whicii they shall deliver said books and subscriptions to said Council. No subscriptions for stock shall 
 be entered upon the books without the consentof all persons auihorized to open said books while the sameare in their 
 possession. ."^11 subscriptions for stock not paid on or before the time designated for the payment of the same shall 
 be forfeited. 
 
 Sec. 7. The booksof said corporation shall be open at all times for inspection by any member, or stockholder, 
 or officer of the township, county or territory, acting in bis official capacity ; and the stock in said corporation 
 owned by any shareholder shall be at all times liable to attachments and execution for the private debts of such 
 stockholder, in the same manner as is provided in Ir^ections lOo, 106 and 107 of an " Act concerning judgments and 
 executions ; " and Section 107 of said act shall apply in all particulars to the corporation created by this act, and to 
 its officers. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 403 
 
 Sec. 8. The first meeting of said corporatiou slinli be held at the liouse of Lester Rounds, in the town of 
 Cercsoo, county of Fond du Lac, on the first Monday in April, A. D. 184-5, at 9 o'clock A. M., which meeting 
 shall proceed to choose Chairman and Secretary for said meeting, after which they shall proceed to elect 
 by ballot the following officers (a majority of votes being necessary for a choice) : One President, euie 
 Vice President, one Secretary, one Treasurer and nine Councilmen. The President and Vice President 
 shall be ex officio members of the Council. Said officers shall hold their respective offices until the second Monday 
 of December following, and until others shall be elected to fill their places, unless sooner removed by the Council, as 
 hereinafter provided. 
 
 Skc. 9. There shall be an annual meeting of the stockholders and members of said corporation holden on the 
 second Monday of December in each year, in the town of Ceresco, at such place as the Council shall determine, for 
 the election of officers to fill the places of those whose terms of office expire on the same day. Said meeting shall 
 continue from day to day until such officers are elected. Every male member and stockholder over twenty-one 
 years of age, present or absent, shall at all times be entitled to one vole by person or by proxy in the election of 
 officers, but in no other case shall either a member or a stockholder vote by proxy. The term of office of each officer 
 shall expire on the second Monday of December in each year, or as soon thereafter as another shall be elected to fill 
 his place. 
 
 Sec. 10. A person may be a stockholder without being a member ; a member without being a stockholder. 
 
 Sec. IL It .shall be the duty of the President to preside at all meetings of the members or stockholders ; to 
 sign all papers and documents for the Phalanx; to make out and present at each annual meeting of the corpor.ation 
 a general statement of the affairs of the Phalanx ; and to have a general supervision of the business of the Phalanx, 
 subject at all times to the direction of the Council. 
 
 Sec. 12. The Vice President shall be President of the Council and, in the absence or disability of the Presi- 
 dent, shall perform all duties devolving upon him; in whi'ih case the Council shall elect a President^™ tern. 
 
 Sec. 13. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep all record books and papers for the Phalanx and 
 Council, and transact such other writing as the corporation or Council may direct. 
 
 Sec. 14. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to receive, keep, disburse and pay out all moneys belonging to 
 the corporation, pursuant to instructions from the Council, and to keep an account of all moneys received and paid 
 out, and furnish a copy of the same to the Secretary weekly. Before entering upon the duties of his office he shall 
 execute a bond to the corporation, with sufficient sureties to be .approved of by the Council in such sums as they 
 shall deem pioper, which bond shall be conditioned for the security, faithful keeping and disbursement of all moneys 
 coming into his hands pursuant to the direction of the Council. 
 
 Sec. 15. The President, Vice President and nine Councilmen shall form a Board of Managers, two thirds of 
 which shall form a quorum for the transaction of business. The Council shall receive and determine upon all appli- 
 cations for membership and subscriptions for stock, and no person shall be permitted to become a member or stock- 
 holder without the consent of all composing the Board of Managers. The Council shall arrange and determine all 
 business for the corporation, both financial and industrial, and shall have power to make such rules, regulations and 
 by-laws for the government of members as they may deem proper; provided always that said rules, regulations and 
 by-laws shall in no wise conflict with the provisions of this act or with the laws of this Territory. The Council sh.all 
 have power to remove the Secretary or Treasurer, or any member of their Board, by a vole of three-fourths of all 
 the members composing the Board, for neglect or mismanagement of his official duties. The Council shall in case of 
 such removal call a meeting of the members and stockholders to fill the vacancy occasioned by such removal. 
 
 Sec. 16. There shall be annual meetings of the members and stockholders on the first Monday of December 
 in each year, at which time a settlement shall be made with each member. Previous to, and preparatory for which 
 meetings, the Council shall make or cause to be made, an assessment and appraisal of .all property, real and personal, 
 belonging to the Phalanx ; and if said appraisal shall exceed the cost and last appraisal of said property, the increase 
 shall be divided as follows : One-fourth shall be credited as a dividend for stock, in proportion to the time said 
 stock has been paid in since the last appraisal: the remaining three-fourtlrs shall he credited to labor in such man- 
 ner as the by-laws shall determine. The amount due each member or stockholder upon settlement shall be paid in 
 money or stock, as tbe Council shall determine, but the kind of payment sh.all be alike to all. It shall be the duly 
 of the Council to ti'ansact all business of the corporation not otherwise provided for. 
 
 Sec. 17. The Council shall establish a public school in which shall be taught all the different branches of 
 science usually taught in the common schools of the Territory, which school shall be open and free to the children of 
 all the members of the corporation, and shall be continued nine months in each year. All teachers of the arts and 
 sciences except those hereinafter excepted, shall be paid as follows, viz., three-fourths of the amount shall be 
 deducted annually from the amount credited to capital, and one-fourth from the amount credited to labor, previous 
 to the individual settlement with the members and stockholders. 
 
 Sec. 18. There shall always be a free toleration of religious opinion, and every member shall be protected in 
 his or her religious belief; and no member of the corporation shall ever be taxed without his or her consent for the 
 support of any minister or teacher of religion. 
 
 Sec. 19. This act may be altered, amended or repealed at any time by the Legislature of the Territory of Wis- 
 consin. 
 
 Sec. 20. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 
 
 Warren Chase returned from Madison armed with his charter, to the valley where the Wis- 
 consin Ptialanx had its abiding-place. " Now, we are safe," said the members, " for our prop- 
 erty will be in our own hands." 
 
 On the 17th of February, 1845, Warren Chase, Lester Rounds and Uriel Farmin, as 
 directed by Section 6 of the charter, met at the house of Lester Rounds, in Ceresco, prepared 
 
404 HISTORY OF FOND J)V LAC COUNTY. 
 
 and opened a book as a stock-book for the Phalanx, and commenced receiving subscriptions for 
 stock. 
 
 OiBcers were soon elected under the charter, and the " tempest-in-a-teapot " excitement 
 which lasted until it was done, subsided, and the Wisconsin Phalanx was " a thing of life " in 
 the spring of 1845. " The neighbors, who had begun to locate in the vicinity," afterward wrote 
 Wan-en Chase, " were greatly alarmed by it, and most of them were sure it would do mischief; 
 for it had great power, they said, and would monopolize." 
 
 "During the summer of 1845, the saw-mill was making boards; the 'long home' was 
 going up in sections which continued to lengthen until twenty tenements of twenty feet each 
 were joined together in two rows, with a hall between, all under one roof with a ridiculous plan 
 of a double front house and hip-roof, looking more like a rope-walk, or salt works, than a 
 house." 
 
 The members all lived a "unitary life," that is, they ate at a common table and worked a 
 common farm. " But the families all had separate homes to retire to after meals. A stone 
 schoolhouse had been erected, and a school commenced, which never stopped except for neces- 
 sary vacations, until the society ran out its race ; and then it left the children of the members 
 qualified for teaching the other schools and children of their own ages around them. 
 
 " They felt the great advantages and economies of combined labor and living ; but some were 
 not satisfied with the unitary life, especially of houses, and sighed for the retirement of quiet 
 meals in family circles, as of old. Others were greatly pleased with the unitary table. Both 
 males and females were about equally divided on this subject ; but the plans and buildings had 
 been commenced for the unitary living, and could not easily be changed. The single men, of 
 whom there were quite a number, were very much opposed to a change. This apple of discord 
 linally grew until it was of suflicient power to break up the society, with other feebler aids." 
 
 The evenings, after the toils of the day were ended, were divided between business and 
 sociality. Monday night, there was a business meeting of the Council. Tuesday evening, there 
 was a meeting of the Philolothian Society ; various subjects were discussed and a paper read 
 called the Gleane?-. Its motto was, " Let the gleaner go forth and glean, and gather up the 
 fragments that nothing be lost." On Wednesday evening, a singing-school was held. A dance 
 and social meeting enlivened Thursday evening. There was no meeting on Friday evening. 
 Saturday evening was a general meeting for reports from foremen. 
 
 The various branches of labor were carried on under the direction of persons selected by 
 the members, which persons kept in a public manner exact accounts of all labor expended in 
 each department — this showing the exact cost of each crop of grain, etc. At the end of each 
 fiscal year, three-fourths of the net product was divided for the labor to each in proportion to 
 the amount of labor performed after deducting suitable rewards for extraordinary skill. All 
 labor was voluntary, the members working when and where they chose, and receiving credit 
 only for the amount of work done. 
 
 From the second annual statement of the Phalanx, published in the Harbinger, December 
 27, 1845, for the fiscal year ending the first of the month, signed by its President — Warren 
 Chase — it appears that the estimated value of the property on hand was $27,725.22, and was' 
 wholly unencumbered. The association was free from debt, except about $600 due to members 
 who had advanced cash for the purchase of provisions and land ; but to balance that, it had over 
 $1,000 coming from members on stock subscriptions not then due. The whole number of hours 
 of labor performed during the previous year, reduced to the class of usefulness, was 102,760. 
 The number expended in cooking, etc., and deducted for the board of members was 21,170 
 hours. The number remaining after deducting for board was 81,500, to which the amount due 
 labor was divided. .In this statement, the washing was not taken i^ito account, families having 
 done their own. The whole number of weeks' board charged members (including children 
 graduated to adults) was 4,234. The cost of board was, provisions, 44 cents and five hours' 
 labor per week. The whole amount of property on hand was $27,725.22. The cost of prop- 
 erty and stock issued up to December 1, 1845, was $19,589.18. The increase during the year 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 405 
 
 being the product of labor, etc., was $8,136.04. One-fourth of this was credited to capital, 
 being 12 per cent per annum on stock for the average time invested; and three-fourths to labor, 
 being 7J cents per hour. It will be seen, then, that the Phalanx was a joint-stock experiment 
 in which it was attempted to recognize the rights of both capital and labor ; that every hour of 
 labor was carefully recorded, and received its reward in wages — save five hours per week for each 
 individual, which was included in the cost of board ; that one-fourth of tlie increase of property 
 during the year gave to stock 12 per cent per annum ; and that three-fourths of the increase 
 gave to labor 7i cents an hour. 
 
 In the Harbinger of January 9, 1847, the third annual statement of the President of the 
 Phalanx was published. It included an exhibit for 1846. It says: " We have now 180 resident 
 members; 101 males, 79 females; 56 males and 37 females over the age of twenty-one years. 
 About 80 have boarded at a public table during the past year, at a cost of 50 cents and two and 
 a half hours' labor — whole cost, 63 cents. The others have, most of the time, had their pro- 
 visions charged to them and done their oAvn cooking in their respective families, although their 
 apartments are very inconvenient for that purpose. Most of the families choose this mode of 
 living more from previous habits of domestic arrangement and convenience than from economy. 
 We have resident on the domain 36 families and 35 single persons; 15 fomilies and 30 single 
 persons board at the public table : 21 families board by themselves, and the remaining five single 
 persons board with them." In a pecuniary point of view, the year 1846 was less favorable than 
 1845. The reasons given were ' a new farm to work,' and a light crop of wheat ; still, the 
 Phalanx paid 5 cents an hour for labor, and 6 per cent on capital. 
 
 "They have now," wrote the President, " about 40 families resident and near 2,000 acres 
 of land, and are in a prosperous condition. During the first and part of the second year, they 
 boarded mostly at one boarding-house, so far as eating together, but otherwise lived in separate 
 families. Finding this mode less economical and more inconvenient than they anticipated, the 
 families have since lived mostly entirely separate, but change occasionally, following at all times 
 their choice. Board and provisions are advanced during the year as they are needed, always in 
 proportion to labor done and stock, and deducted at the annual settlement from each member's 
 account. In matters of opinion, they are not, as many suppose, a company of fanatics ; there 
 are some among them of all varieties of opinion, from the doctrines of Swedenborg or the New 
 Jerusalem Church, down to skepticism and infidelity. In politics, they are Democrats, Whigs, 
 Abolitionists and Native-Reformers, with a large proportion of the latter. All this variety 
 of opinion has a tendency to improve the public mind, but never disturbs their business opera- 
 tions. Most of them are great readers, and they take a great variety of papers, and exchange 
 ■with each other. 
 
 " They are all temperance people, using no spirits except for medicine, and seldom for that, 
 for many of them are believers in the system of hydropathy now in use, and several are also 
 dietics [dietists], using no meat, tea or coff'ee ; but these are not general principles with them. 
 They avoid, as much as possible, profane language, and endeavor to set good examples for their 
 children. They keep up a school all the time at the expense of the society, and pay much 
 attention to education. 
 
 " They are often called Fury- ites, Four-year-ites or Fourierites, but they deny all ' ites ' 
 and 'isms,' each individual being responsible for his own individual opinions, and nobody else's. 
 Their society belongs to the American Union of Associationists, and with them believe in a joint- 
 stock property, a co-operative labor and equitable distribution of property. Their efforts thus 
 far prove as successful as they anticipated, and, with two or three exceptions, their members are 
 contented and happy. They have no arbitrary laws, but they buy and sell stock and go or stay 
 where and when they please. They have an excellent location, one well adapted to test the sys- 
 tem, they are endeavoring to prove, and, from present appearances, seem almost certain of 
 success." 
 
 " It is a fine sight," says another writer, " at sunrise to turn from the hill west of Ceresco 
 and look down upon the prairie stretching away to the east, with its border of heavy timber, its 
 
406 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 gentle undulation, its ravines, the creek, its serpentine course marked by scattered oaks and 
 thick bushes, until it winds down into the valley or basin which holds this little Phalanx, and, 
 after doing its duty in driving various machinery, disappears in the distance. The long build- 
 ing with its numerous windows which is used as the dwelling of many of the families, the mills, 
 the detached houses and offices — some built of stone and very neat in their appearance — the 
 numerous stacks of hay and grain, the fat and sleek -looking cattle and hogs, and the industrious 
 inhabitants, busied about their various duties, make indeed an interesting and beautiful scene." 
 The following is the statement for the year ending December 6, 1847: 
 
 The Wisconsin Phalanx was organized in an Industrial Association, in the spring of 1844, and commenced 
 practical operations May 27 of the same year, in the unoccupied town since called Ceresco, which makes this the 
 fourth annual settlement. 
 
 The moral and social condition of the Phalanx has experienced no sudden and striking changes ; yet it is 
 believed that those who look not alone upon the external surface of things, will have noticed that decided and constant 
 progress, which must ever attend the earnest efforts of truthful men and women to place themselves in just and 
 harmonious relations to each other. The social intercourse of the members is governed by that correct moral feeling, 
 which must be gratifying to all who come within its influence. 
 
 Religious meetings of some kind have been sust.ained regularly during the year, and occasional opportunities 
 have occurred of listening to lectures on reform from some of the leading reformers of the age. 
 
 In the education department, we have not yet been able to make that improvement which we desire, owing to 
 the want of sufficient buildings and conveniences for reducing the management of this branch to that regular system, 
 which, by an adaptation of external circumstances to tlie internal nature, harmoniously unfolds that " variety in 
 unity" without which there is no complete educational development. 
 
 Music, vocal and instrumental, has been taught to some extent, yet, laboring under the disadvantages mentioned 
 above, there has not been that attention paid to its cultivation which its importance demands. 
 
 For want of materials and from a determination to free ourselves from debt and contract none for any improve- 
 ments, we have not yet built so as to establish a library and reading-room — but there are taken by the members 1.30 
 copies of newspapers and periodical publications of thirty-nine different kinds, a constant interchange of which 
 (comprising as they do the best publications of the age) gives us many facilities for inform.ation which isolated society 
 cannot possess. 
 
 The number of resident members is 1.57, viz., 84 m.ales, 73 females — 32 males and 39 females under twenty-one 
 years; 52 males and 34 females over twenty-one years; 18 persons above the age of twenty-one unmarried. The 
 whole number of resident families is 32 — we have resident with us, who are not members, one family and four single 
 persons. 
 
 Four families and two single persons have left during the year, the stock of .all of whom has been purchased, 
 except of one family and one single person — the former intends returning, and the latter one owes but $25. We 
 have lost by death the past year three persons — one married lady, aged thirty-five, and two infants — all by consump- 
 tion. Generally, the health of the members has been remarkably good. 
 
 The Phalanx h.as sustained a public boarding-house during the latter and major part of the year on an improved 
 plan from the former method, at wliich most of the single persons and part of the families have boarded at a cost of 
 75 cents per %veek. The remaining familes board at their own apartments. 
 
 The number of hours' labor performed during the year, reduced to the medium class, is 93,446. The whole 
 amount of property at the appraisal is .?32,564.1S. The net profits of the year are .$9,029.73, which gives a divi- 
 dend to stock of nearly 7f per cent and 7 3-10 cents per hour to labor. 
 
 The Phalanx has purchased and canceled during the year .52,000 of stock ; we have also by the assistance of our 
 mill(which has been in operation since June), and from our available products, paid off the incumbrance of SI, 095. 33, 
 with which we commenced the year — made our mechanical and agriciiltural improvements, and advanced to members 
 in rent, provisions, clothing, cash, etc., $5,237.07. The annexed schedule specifies the kinds and valu.ation of the 
 properly on hand. 
 
 Seventeen hundred and thirteen acres of land at $3 $ 5,139 00 
 
 Agricultural improvements 3,509 77 
 
 Agricultural products 5,244 16 
 
 Mechanical improvements 12,520 00 
 
 Livestock 2,983 50 
 
 Farm and garden tools 1,219 77 
 
 Mechanical tools 380 56 
 
 Personal property, miscellaneous 1,567 42 
 
 Amount $32,564 18 
 
 Benjamin Weight, President. 
 Note. — At the annual charter election of the Phalanx, held December 13, the following persons were elected: 
 Stephen Bales, President; William Starr, Vice President; Uriel Farmin, .Secretary; A. Devine Wright, Treasurer: 
 Jacob Beckwith, Jacob Woodrnif. Carlton Lane, Chester .idkins, Benjamin Wright, Robert D. M.ason, James Hebden, 
 Seth B. Kellogg and Benjamin Shelden, Councilors. 
 
 The report for 1848 shows the Phalan.x as still a paying institution. It gave a dividend 
 to stockholders of Q^ per cent, and 6|- cents an hour for labor. The next year, 1848, divided 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 407 
 
 about 8 per cent on the capital. For the year 1849, the Phalanx had 120 residents ; 8^- cents 
 were paid an hour for work. The cost of board was 7-5 cents per week. It will thus be seen 
 that financially the institution was a success ; socially, however, it was a failure and steps were 
 taken looking to its dissolution. The following act of tlie Legislature was approved January 
 29, 1850: 
 
 An act to amend an act entitled " An act to incorporate the Wisconsin Phalanx." 
 The People of the State of Wisconsin represented in Senate and Assembly do enact as follows : 
 
 Section 1. An act entitled " An act to incorporate the Wisconsin Phalanx," approved February 6, 1845, is 
 hereby so amended as to allow and authorize the council to sell and convey real estate by their official act ; also to 
 lay out and have recorded a village plat, with streets and squares and public lots. 
 
 Sec 2 The said act is further amended by repealing sections sixteen and seventeen of the same. 
 Sec. '6. It shall not be lawful for the council or other officers of said Phalanx to purchase real estate in their 
 corporate capacity after the passage of this act. 
 
 Sec. 4. This act shall take effect from and after its pass.age. 
 
 Moses M. Strong, 
 
 . Speaker of the Assembly. 
 
 Samuel W. Beall, 
 Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate. 
 
 In April, 1850, an appraisal of the lands of the Phalanx was fixed upon in small lots (some 
 being cut into village and some into farm lots). They then commenced selling at public sale for 
 stock, making the appraisal the minimum, and leaving any lands open to entry, after they had 
 been offered publicly. During the summer of 1850, most of the lands were sold, and most of the 
 capital stock canceled, under an arrangement by which each stockholder .should receive his pro- 
 portional share of any surplus, or make up any deficiency. Most of the members bought either 
 farming lands or village lots and became permanent inhabitants. They divided about 8 per 
 cent above par on the stock. Some of the members regretted the dissolution, others seemed to 
 care very little about it. The social features, which many disliked, and speculation of members 
 outside the institution, brought on the death-throes of the Wisconsin Phalanx. The names of 
 all those who were members of the society during its existence are as follows : 
 
 Warren Chase, Mary P. Chase, Milton M. Chase, Charlotte D. Chase, Albert Chase, 
 Lester Rounds, Aurillia Rounds, Sterling P. Rounds, Rhoda A. Rounds. Horace E. Rounds, 
 James Stuart, Almira Stuart, Agnes Stuart, Robert L. Stuart, John P. Stuart, Helen P. Stuart, 
 Thomas Stuart, 'Frederick 0. Stuart, Jacob Beckwith, Hannah Beckwith, James G. Tracy, 
 Joseph S. Tracy, Uriah Gould, Nathan Hunter, Chester Adkins, Laban Stilwell, Julia Stil- 
 well, William B. Stilwell, Rachael Stilwell, Julia A. Stilwell, Charles E. Stilwell, Truman V. 
 Newell, Esther Newell, Charlotte E. Newell, Asa Bissell Newell, Williatn E. Holbrook, Will- 
 iam Dunham, Almira Dunham, Adelia A. Dunham, William H. Dunham, Carlton Lane, Har- 
 riet Lane, W. Irvin Lane, Eugene F. Lane, Charles W. Lane, Alpheus Lane, H. Gordon 
 Martin, Julia Martin, Augustus Martin, Mary Etta Martin, Robert Martin, Caroline Martin, 
 Alexander Todd, Jerome T. Cobb, George H. Stebbins, Mrs. George H. Stebbins, Seth R. 
 Kellogg, Ebenezer Childs, William Seaman, Arelisle Seaman, Arelisle C. Seaman, William 
 H. Seaman, Charles F. Seaman, Charles W. Henderson, Harriet Henderson, George H. Hen- 
 derson, Antoinette Henderson, Daniel Hager, Volney C. Mason, Hiram Barne?, Eliza Barnes, 
 Mary E. Barnes, Marshall Barnes, Uriel Farmin, Eliza Farmin, Marcellus Farmin, Marcelia 
 Farmin, Albert Farmin, Luther Jenette Farmin, Isabel E. Town, Hiram S. Town, Edward D. 
 Town, Nathan Strong, Sarah Strong, Sylvia H. Strong, Phoebe Ann Strong, Betsey Strong, 
 William Boutelle, David B. Dumham, James Hebden, Get^rge Limbert, Margaret Limbert, 
 John Limbert, Elizabeth Limbert, Newton 0. Adkins, William D. Strong, Eunice Strong, 
 Harriet N. Strong, Henry V. Strong, Ann Eliza Strong, Cynthia A. Strong, Alice A. Strong, 
 James M. Bacon, Corintha Bacon, Ellen A. Bacon, Emma J. Bacon, Eveline F. Bacon, Emer- 
 ette L. Bacon, William Workman, L. M. Parsons, Oscar Wilson, Jacob Woodruff', Warren W. 
 Braley, Morris Farmin, Lucinda M. Farmin, Hiram Farmin, Giles Farmin, Mahlon Farmin, 
 Almira Farmin, Otis H. Capron, Robert Sheldon, Gilbert Lane, Benjamin Sheldon, Isaac 
 Russell, Mary Anna Russell, Nathan H. Strong, Sarah Strong, Lewis G. Strong, Benjamin F. 
 
408 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Strong, Sarah A. Strong, James R. Strong, Emily Strong, Asenath Hubbell, William W. 
 Hubbell, John A. Hubbell, George W. Clark, Mary M. Clark, W. H. Clark, George Clark, 
 Gersham Danks, Caroline A. Danks, Adeline E. Danks, Henry C. Banks, Richard D. Mason, 
 William Starr, Linus B. Brainard, James Clarkson, Job Bennett, Stephen Bates, Emily Bur- 
 gess, Russel Smith, Eliza Smith, Julia M. Smith, Hezekiah G. Smith, Martin L. Smith, Ellen 
 E. Smith, Phcebe Ann Smith, James M. Edgerton, Byron S. Sanborn, Adaline Sanborn, 
 Josephine M. Sanborn, Arabella A. Sanborn, Caroline M. Sanborn, Mary A. Sanborn, Betsey 
 Parsons, Levi Parsons, Pamila Woodruff, Frank Woodruff, Mary R. Wilson, Samuel Babcock, 
 Rachael Babcock, Aaron C. Babcock, Henry C. Babcock, Walter S. Babcock, Stephen V. 
 Babcock, Simeon Babcock, Hitty Ann Babcock, Charles F. Timan, Mrs. Sophia Stevens, 
 William P. Stevens, Eunice E. Stevens, Duane Doty Stevens, Robert Miller, Margaret Miller, 
 Margaret A. Miller, William Miller, Elizabeth Miller, Minerva J. Miller, Mary Jane Miller, 
 Lucina Miller, John Irving, Mary Irving, Elsy M. Irving, Isabella Miller, George Miller, 
 Lucy M. Kellogg, Agnes Kellogg, Helen S. Kellogg, Sarah Limbert, Emma J. Limbert, Al- 
 bert Shepard, Nancy Shepard, Merrit Shepard, Albert Shepard, Jr., Mary Bennett, David 0. 
 French, James M. Boutelle, Charles W. Carntz, David D. Martin, Mary" E. Martin, Mary J. 
 
 Martin, Cassius C. Martin, Esther Martin, Louisa Shelden, Olive Shelden, Sheldon, 
 
 Mary J. Lane, Elihu R. Rounds, Melissa B. Rounds, Mary J. Rounds, Lucy A. Hunter, James 
 M. Clark, Mrs. Celestia M. Clark, James Maxwell Clark. Miss Celestia M. Clark, Alice Caro- 
 line Clark, Benjamin Wright, Sally Wright, A. D. Wright, Julia A. Wright, S. J. Wright, 
 Melvira M. Wright, David Simpson, Harriet Edgerton, Leroy Edgerton, Orrin Devine Wright, 
 Melissa J. Adkins, George Adkins, Garrett H. Baker, Elmina Baker, Mary Eliza Baker, Ellen 
 L. Baker, Hannah D. Baker, Charlotte A. Haven, Harriet H. Haven and Matthew Limbert. 
 
 Warren Chase, the leader of the Ceresco Colony, was born in Pittsfield, N. H., January 
 5, 1813. Was educated at the academies of Pittsfield and Gilmanton, N. H., and in 1835 emi- 
 grated to Michigan and settled in Monroe, where he married Mary T. White, of Newport, N. 
 H., who died in November, 1875, leaving three children, the eldest, Milton Chase, M. D., now 
 living in Otsego, Mich., and who was Assistant Surgeon of the Sixth Michigan Volunteer In- 
 fantry during the war, the second, Mrs. C. C. Whelpley, residing in Cobden, 111., and the 
 third, Albert Chase, residing in St. Mary's, Mo., not married. In the spring of 1838, Mr. Chase 
 moved from Monroe to Southport, Wis. (now Kenosha), where he resided till the spring of 1844. 
 ■when he came with a colony and settled in the northwestern corner township of this county 
 which at that time had no settler and which the colony named Ceresco (now Ripon.) He re- 
 sided there until 1853, when he moved to Battle Creek, Mich. During this time, he held the 
 office of Chairman of the Board of Supervisors one year, was elected a member from this county, 
 of the two Constitutional Conventions, and to the first State Senate from this and Winnebago 
 Counties, which then constituted the Senatorial District. In the second session of the Senate, 
 he was on the Judiciary Committee when the revised statutes were adopted.* 
 
 In 1872, Mr. Chase was elected one of the Presidential Electors of Missouri, residing then in 
 St. Louis. In 1876, he moved to California and settled in Santa Barbara, where he now resides 
 and is editor of the Santa Barbara Independent. In September, 1871', he was elected to the 
 State Senate of California for three years from the three counties of Santa Barbara, A'^entura and 
 'San Luis Obispo, and took his seat in the Senate of that State January 5, 1880, the day he 
 was sixty-seven years old. 
 
 * Hp w;t8 tlift Frpf»-Soil candidate for Gi)vermir of tlie State in 185l», and on the Elerturai Ticket t'(ir Hall and .Iiilien in 1852, and delegate to 
 the National Convention. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 Fond du Lac CoifNTv Bible Society— County Coikt House and Jail— County Poor Farm 
 ANT) Buildings— Agriculture in Fond du Lac County— The Dairying Interests of 
 Fond du Lac Coxtnty— County Agricultural and Mechanical Society— RiroN Agri- 
 cultural Association— Plank Roads— Railroads— Fond du Lac County a Quarter ok 
 A Centuhy Ago— a Terrible Disaster. 
 
 FOND DU LAC 'COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY. 
 
 On the 17tli day of June, 1847; a meeting of the friends of the Bible cause was held .at 
 the Court House, in the village of Fond du Lac, for the purpose of forming a Bible Society for 
 the county, which should be auxiliary to the North Wisconsin Bible Society. A constitution 
 was presented and adopted, after which William H. Sampson was elected President ; M. S. Gib- 
 son, Vice President ; L. C. Spofford, Secretary, and K. Gillett, Treasurer. These officers were 
 chosen for one year. The object of the Society was declared, by the constitution, to be " to pro- 
 mote the circulation of the Scriptures without note or comment." For the next twenty years 
 annual and called meetings were held to promote the circulation of the Bible within the county, 
 when, on February 24, 1867, at an annual meeting, a new constitution was adopted. The 
 society was now named " The Bible Society of Fond du Lac County, Auxiliary to the American 
 Bible Society." The object of the Society was declared to be " to promote the circulation of 
 the Holy Scriptures, ' without note or comment,' and, in English, those of the commonly re- 
 ceived version." The officers under the new constitution (elected for one year) were, for Presi- 
 dent, I. K. Hamilton; Vice President, N. C. Griffin; Secretary, J. E. Peabody ; Treasurer, 
 J. C. Huber. At the annual meeting held December 15, 1878, John S. McDonald was elected 
 President ; Prof. C. A. Hutchins, Vice President ; P. B. Haber, Secretary, and J. C. Huber, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 COUNTY COURT HOUSE AND JAIL. 
 
 The Court House is by no means a credit to the county of Fond du Lac, nor in keeping 
 with its wealth and importance. Another building to take its place is expected soon to be 
 erected. As a new Court House is now a necessity and likely soon to be a reality, the present 
 rickety structure, which, during ten years, has been the butt of all manner of jokes by judges, 
 lawyers, newspapers and travelers, will be dealt with more briefly in this history than it otherwise 
 would have been. 
 
 On the 4th of March, 1844, Dr. Mason C. Darling and Naomi Darling, his wife, executed 
 a warranty deed to the Board of Supervisors of the county of Fond du Lac, Territory of Wis- 
 consin, of the land on which the Court House now stands, the consideration being $1 in 
 hand paid, and a contract to build and locate a County Court House thereon. This parcel of 
 land is on the corner of Main street and Western avenue, and is described in the deed as follows : 
 " North half of the northeast quarter of Section 15, Town 15 north, of Range 17 east, of the 
 Fourth Meridian east, in Green Bay Land District, and containing 90,000 square feet." At 
 the same time. Dr. Darling entered into the following bond : 
 
 Know all Men by these Pbesb.nts, That I, Mason C. Darling, of Fond du Lac, county of Kond du Lac, Ter- 
 ritory of Wisconsin, am hereby held and firmly bound unto the Board of Supervisors of the county of Fond du 
 Lac, in the sum of $>oOO, good and lawful money of the United State", to be paid to the said Board of Supervisors 
 or their successors, to which payment well and truly to be made, I do bind myself, my heirs, executors and adminis- 
 trators firmly by these presents, sealed with my seal, and dated this 4th day of March, A. D. 1844. The condilion 
 
410 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 of this obligation is such that if the above boundeu Mason C. Darling, shall provide, or cause to be provided, a suit- 
 able room for the use of the county of Fond du Lac, free of expense, then this obligation shall be null and void, 
 otherwise to remain in full force and virtue. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal the day and 
 year first above written. 
 
 K. A. P. Dabliko, 1 „..,„„,^, [Signed] Mason C. Darling. 
 
 Helen M. Darling. J 
 
 These instruments were acknowledged before Alonzo Raymond, Justice of the Peace, and 
 recorded by Oscar Pier, Register of Deeds, on the same day. 
 
 On the 14rth of October, 1846, the Board of Supervisors accepted plans for a Court House- 
 by Brown & Arnold (Isaac Brown and Leonard Arnold) and directed that the plans be left 
 with Edward Pier for the inspection of mechanics. The Board paid Arnold $10 for plans and 
 specifications. 
 
 The manner of paying for the Court House and " Gaol " (jail) was determined by the Super- 
 visors like this : October 14, 1846, $1,400 was appropriated out of the treasury for the jail, which, 
 was a part of the building; one-half of balance to be paid February 1, 1848, and the residue, 
 February 1, 1849. With a drollery not appreciated at the time, doubtless, it was solemnly 
 ordered that if anything remained after the "residue" had been paid, it should draw 10 per 
 cent interest. At a special session of the Board, the report of the Building Committee was 
 accepted September 11, 1848, adding $100 for "stoves and fixtures for the Court House." 
 
 The building, above the basement, which is of stone and was the first County Jail, is of 
 wood, and three stories in height. The second floor is used for elections by the town of Fond 
 du Lac, and for jury rooms, and the third floor for elections by the First Ward of the city, and 
 for holding terms of the County and Circuit Courts. It is dirty, shabby, and poorly ventilated ; 
 nevertheless, the wits of the State have exhausted their stock-in-trade in praising it, as witness 
 the following : 
 
 "The same year that Wisconsin was admitted into the Union as a State, Fond du Lac 
 County built a Court House. At that time, it was regarded as a model architectural pile, and it 
 was built to stay. It was founded upon a rock ; for men were pure in those days ; and the 
 winds and rains of forty years have beat upon that house, and still it stands, a noble wreck in 
 ruinous perfection. The elements have failed to sap it, and no amount of prayer or profanity 
 has been sufficient to consign it to ' where the worm dieth not, and the fire is not t|uenched.' 
 Incendiaries, who are thoroughly depraved and have not one redeeming quality, have persist- 
 ently and maliciously withheld the torch. Like the Pennsylvania Democrat, who has wended 
 his way to the polls every election since 1840, and consistently put in a vote for Gen. Jackson, 
 the Fond du Lac Court House maintains its position and repels all innovations. The story that 
 the wood of which a part of it is composed was once a part of a celebrated vessel, and that a 
 boy who was on board the vessel cut his name in one of the planks with a jack-knife, is doubt- 
 less untrue. It is believed that a young lawyer, in Judge McLean's court, cut the name him- 
 self, while waiting for the opposing counsel to make his plea, and that the word is 'Joseph,' 
 instead of ' Japhet.' And still the building is pretty old." 
 
 The following imaginative sketch is from a Fond du Lac paper: "The plans for our 
 elegant new Court House were drawn up a few days before election. The building was to 
 cost not less than $9,000,000. The contract, which has been awarded, required that the mate- 
 rial should be purchased at the following rates : Stone, $1,000 per cord ; lumber, $956 per 
 thousand ; shingles, $100 per thousand, and nails $40 per pound. 
 
 "The building is now finished and ready for occupancy. It stands on the old site, at the 
 head of Fourth street, and is an imposing structure. It is 400x400 feet square, 100 feet from the 
 ground to the cornice and 400 feet to the splendid bronze statute on the dome. It is built of 
 the finest Parian marble, trimmed with purple porphyry. The basement is for the use of the 
 County Board, and has a committee-room in the back end with walls forty feet in thickness. It 
 has no windows, and but one small iron door. In one corner is a splendid bar-room and back of it 
 a poker-room. The first floor above the basement is divided into six rooms — three on either side 
 of the hallway — which are occupied by the Clerk of the Court, County Clerk, Register of 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 411 
 
 Deeds and County Superintendent. The second floor is the court room. It takes up the entire 
 dimensions of the building, with tiie exception of the vestibule. At the west end is the bench 
 for the Judge. It is built of solid granite, trimmed with pearl and Mt. Ophir gold, the seat 
 being hollow for ice in summer and hot air or coals in winter. Under the desk is a large cup- 
 board with time-lock, for bottles and demijohns, and a newly invented beautiful spirit lamp 
 ingeniously arranged for making toddies. These are all out of sight of the audience. On the 
 right of the bench is a monster pair of highly finished and perfect scales, in which every case is 
 weighed by the Judge ; and on the left a dungeon in which refractory witnesses are confined 
 until they will swear as they have been instructed. The garret is used for empty bottles. 
 
 " The dome is a beautiful piece of workmanship, something of which the tax-payers should 
 be proud, for it is not every county that can boast of a steeple 400 feet high and surmounted by 
 a bronze statue. The whole building is carpeted and richly furnished, and is lighted with 
 electricity. 
 
 "It is indeed a magnificent pile, shimmering in the sunlight like a mountain of jewels, and 
 giving all better thoughts by its striking resemblance to the walls of the City of Life. It is the 
 temple of justice, whose glittering dome shines like a beacon far over the prairies, rivers and 
 lakes, guiding the benighted travelers from Green Bay, Sheboygan, Madison and Milwaukee to 
 the Second City, with all her splendors and purity of politics." 
 
 The County Register's ofiice, which may be called an appendage of the Court House, a 
 one-story building of brick, stone and iron, was finished in 1854, by John Nichols, and cost 
 about $1,200. It is fire proof, the floor and walls being stone and roof being covered with 
 ashes to the depth of two feet. There were no fire-proof rooms in the Court House, which fact 
 made necessary the erection of this building, which stands on the northwest corner of the lot 
 donated in 1844 by Dr. Mason C. Darling to the county for county buildings. It is now as full 
 of records as is convenient, and if a new Court House is not built soon, a new Register's office 
 will be required. 
 
 When the Court House was erected, it combined a court-room, offices for all county offi- 
 cials and a jail in the heavy stone basement. After a few years, this basement not only got out 
 of repair, but was too small for all intended purposes, namely, a place of confinement for pris- 
 oners and a residence for the Sherifl" and Jailer. Therefore, in 1869, the County Board made an 
 appropriation for the erection of a county jail building, and the contract was let to Theodore 
 Eul. The superintending architect was Thomas H. Green, of Fond du Lac, but the specifica- 
 tions and plans, which required that the structure should be of stone and iron, were by G. P. 
 Randall, of Chicago. It was finished ready for occupancy in 1869 ; is located on the west side 
 of Linden street, not far from Western avenue, in the city of Fond du Lac, and cost $42,000. 
 The main walls are of Fond du Lac gray limestone, with dressings for the doors and windows, 
 of .Joliet stone. The cells, of which there are twenty-eight single and six double ones, arranged 
 in two tiers, are inclosed by slabs of Joliet stone. The portion of the jail building used as a 
 ■residence and office by the Sheriff, is 34x45 feet, and two and one-half stories high, with base- 
 ment for kitchen and storerooms. The prison proper is 34x58 feet, two stories high and very 
 strongly built. The outer walls, through which prisoners have several times made their escape, 
 were strengthened with iron in 1878. No prisoners ever escaped when locked in their cells. 
 
 COUNTY POOR FARM AND BUILDINGS. 
 
 The County Poor Farm consists of 172 acres of as good farming lands as exist in Fond du 
 Lac County, situated in Sections 21 and 28, town of Fond du Lac. The first purchase of land 
 for the purpose of supporting and furnishing a home and a place to work for the indigent inhab- 
 itants of the county, was made in December, 1856, being seventy acres of the present farm. 
 The cost was $2,640. Other tracts have since been added, the last being by M. W. Simmons, 
 of twenty-six acres, at a cost of $1,040. Thus the whole farm embraced 176 acres, less the 
 .right of way for the Chicago k North- Western, and the Fond du Lac, Amboy & Peoria (narrow 
 
412 HISTORY OF FOND DTJ LAC COUNTY. 
 
 gauge) Railways. The farm is in an excellent state of cultivation, nearly enough potatoes, 
 wheat, oats, rye, corn and vegetables for the paupers and insane being produced from it. Cows 
 are also kept, which produce milk and butter, and, in 1879, 10,000 pounds of pork and 2.000 
 pounds of beef were produced and packed on the farm. To do this, not a dollar was expended 
 by the county for labor, the paupers under Michael Gaertner, Overseer of the farm, being able 
 to perform all the work of tilling, seeding, harvesting and storing. This is a better showing 
 than for previous years, because never before had there been so many paupers able to perform 
 manual labor sent to the Poor Farm. 
 
 The buildings, except the Insane Asylum, erected in 1878, are not worthy of extended 
 mention. The building occupied by the Overseer of the Poor Farm is of wood, and those 
 occupied by the paupers are of gravel and considerably out of repair; that is, they are old 
 and cracked. They were all erected by the county. Until 1878, the incurably insane and all 
 the paupers, whether sick or not, were confined together. This was a source of trouble to the 
 Overseer, of danger to the paupers, and of annoyance and continued irritation to the demented. 
 Therefore, during 1878, under the statutes which grant authority to each county to provide for 
 the incurably insane by and within its own borders, a commodious, substantial and beautiful 
 building of brick, iron and stone was erected. The architect was Thomas H. Green, of Fond 
 du Lac, and the cost about $7,000. It is a model building for asylum purposes, and its inmates 
 are as comfortable, safe and well cared for as those of the State hospitals for the insane. The 
 main building is 28x70, with thirty-two dormitories, arranged in two tiers, sixteen on each 
 floor. The building is two stories high, with basement. On the west side is a wing 14x17^ 
 feet, used as a reception room below and for the attendants above. The entire building is 
 ceiled with matched and beaded oak, and is provided with an admirable system of ventilation. 
 It contains two Boyanton furnaces for warmth, in which wood cut on the farm is burned. 
 Although in use only one year, the asylum is nearly full of incurables. At the beginning of 
 1880, the county poor buildings had fifty-eight inmates. Of these, thirty-one are insane. The 
 list shows that twenty-one are chargeable to Fond du Lac City, three to Fond du Lac Town, 
 two to Ashford, three to Auburn, three to Alto, one to Calumet, two to Friendship, one to For- 
 est, three to Eldorado, four to Lamartine, one to Metomen, two to Ripon, three to Oakfield, 
 two to Osceola, two to Waupun, two to Taycheedah, and three are "transients.'' 
 
 Up to the December session of the County Board in 1870, the general system of support- 
 ing the paupers of the county had been in vogue. That is, all the expenses of maintaining the 
 Poor Farm and its inmates, as well as furnishing fuel, clothing and food to those indigent per- 
 sons who did not live at the farm, was charged to the whole county in a general tax. This was 
 not satisfactory to all cities and towns, as some of them had no paupers and others had a large 
 number of them. Under this system, the county was divided into three districts, and the 
 County Board, by statute authority, elected a Superintendent of Poor for each district. This 
 was supplanted by the town system in December, 1879. The Superintendents offices were 
 abolished and the Chairman of each town and ward charged with looking after the poor of his 
 precinct. The County Farm is kept up, but the expense of running it and supporting the 
 paupers is charged to the towns or wards which have paupers thus maintained, in proportion 
 to the number each has been credited with at the farm. The average cost of supporting the 
 paupers and incurably insane, including all salaries, medical attendance and aid furnished to 
 families not at the county farm, has been about $12,(100 per year. It is thought the new 
 system will reduce these figures somewhat. 
 
 Before the county purchased a Poor Farm in 1856, its paupers were cared for at certain, 
 rates by C. D. Kendall, who lived near the present Poor Farm. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTi'". 413 
 
 AGRICDLTURE IN FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 He who follows agriculture is the pioneer in all new countries, and prepares the way for 
 lawyer, editor, miller, minister, blacksmith, and all others who depend upon anything but farm- 
 ing for a livelihood, and who never fail to come after them when the soil has been made suffi- 
 ciently productive. The early settlers of Fond du Lac County were no exception to this rule. 
 On the 21st of April, 1837, Colwert and Edward Pier turned the first furrow in the county 
 about one mile south of where the Court House now stands in the city of Fond du Lac. Six days 
 later, they sowed wheat, oats and peas. The year before this, a few potatoes and garden vege- 
 tables were raised near the corner of Brooke and Rees streets, in the city of Fond du Lac, by 
 Colwert Pier. In the town of Waupun the work of tilling the soil was begun in the spring of 
 1839, by Seymour Wilcox, John N. Ackerman and Hiram Walker. They raised no wheat, but 
 had potatoes, corn and roots enough for their own use. 
 
 From these small beginnings agriculture has grown to astonishing proportions in Fond du 
 Lac County, and, although considerable attention is given to manufacturing, still represents the 
 bulk of capital and population. Any other condition of things would be unnatural, as, with its 
 rich soil and good markets, the county has always furnished a field for the most profitable returns 
 of industry, skill and means applied to the labor of tilling the ground. The whole county is 
 more than usually well watered. Where there are no springs, lakes and streams, good water is 
 obtained at a moderate depth. 
 
 Generally speaking, the soil is most suitable for raising wheat, or was when new, and that 
 has always been the principal product. Winter wheat was largely sown at first and returned 
 profitable yields, especially in the "openings." Spring wheat throve better on the prairies, 
 where the soil was less adapted to winter grain, and the winter winds were more severe. Win- 
 ter grain was abandoned almost entirely, and for twenty-five years, up to 1879, spring wheat has 
 taken the lead. In the fall of that year, owing to the unprofitable returns from an overworked 
 soil, and the disastrous effects of drought, chinch-bugs and weevil, large quantities of winter 
 wheat were put in everywhere in the county. 
 
 The nine towns constituting the western portion of the county of Fond du Lac — Ripon, 
 Metomen, Alto, Waupun, Springvale and Rosendale — in soil and surface, differ somewhat from 
 the towns lying east of them. Nature seems to have indicated this difference by extending Lake 
 Winnebago southward, in part dividing the east from the west on the borders of the timber and 
 prairie. In the nine towns just named, there are prairies, openings and marshes, and originally, 
 there were groves of heavy forest trees. The territory is well watered by springs and brooks, 
 by Silver Creek, and by branches of Rock, Fond du Lac, and Grand Rivers. The soil is an 
 argillaceous loam, moderately mixed with sand and lime, and resting on a thin layer of lime- 
 stone much broken and occasionally interspersed with knobs of gravel ; underlying the whole is 
 a red sandstone which occasionally crops out in the ravines. On a few of the highest points on 
 the prairies, mostly in the towns of Ripon and Metomen, the limestone comes to the surface, 
 but, in some of the higher points in the openings, the gravel appears at the surface. This por- 
 tion of the county, as elsewhere explained, dates the commencement of its settlement virtually 
 in the years 1844 and 1845, although there were a few settlers there before those years. Most 
 of the first farmers came from New England, and adopted, generally, the mode of farming then 
 practiced in the East. Since that time, experience as to the capacity of the soil and as to the 
 climate, has caused, of course, considerable change in the methods of farming in this region as 
 it has elsewhere. 
 
 The towns in the eastern portion of the county have more lime in the soil, more swamps of 
 tamarack and ash, more glades of wild hay, more tracts of heavy timber, more hills, more gravel 
 beds and more heavy outcroppings of limestone. In short, the soil and capacity of farms are 
 more diversified. 
 
 The towns through which the "Ledge" extends are more adapted to the successful raising of 
 sheep than those which have more glades and meadow lands. Some portions are also well 
 
414 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DT LAC COUNTY. 
 
 adapted to the dairying and stock raising, and the profit of adding these departments of farm- 
 ing to that of simple plowing and sowing has recently beconje apparent. Nearly every town 
 now has one or more cheese factories, and some have creameries also, factories for making first 
 butter and then "skimmed" cheese from the same milk. The quality of the butter and cheese 
 made in Fond du Lac County is first-class. Wheat and hay produced here are second in quality 
 to the products of no other county, and large quantities of pork, wool and beef, of excellent 
 quality, are annually exported. The city of Fond du Lac is one of the best and most extensive 
 wheat and wool markets in the State, while the city of Ripon is a leading point in the exporta- 
 tion of live stock. 
 
 The town of Ripon leads all other towns in fruit raising, although producing orchards may be 
 found in all sections of the county. Grapes, cherries and all kinds of berries are grown with 
 profit wlierever the farmers are disposed to devote the necessary labor and skill to their culture. 
 
 The business of breeding thorough-bred stock of all kinds has also got a strong foothold. In 
 the cattle department, B. C. Matteson, of Rosendale, stands at the head, while A. Hargrave, of 
 Ripon, Dorian Mihills, of Taycheedah, and Se.xmith Brothers, of Fond du Lac, are engaged in 
 the same line. In the sheep department Henry Corliss, of Ripon, Ben. J. Gilbert, of Fond du 
 Lac, and Bushnal Dodd, of Rosendale, are the leading breeders of blooded stock. 
 
 Farmers have recently turned their attention to raising sugar cane, and the contracted crop 
 for 1880 is a large one. The plan is for farmers to contract with the owners of sugar factories 
 for any number of acres at ^2.5 per acre, provided the crop averages, for instance, five stalks to 
 the hill and the rows of hills are only three feet apart. The syrup made from amber sugar cane 
 is pleasant to the taste, very sweet, of a beautiful amber color and commands a ready sale, being 
 adapted to nearly all the departments in which sugar is used. 
 
 For 187/), the State census reports show that the county produced 90,302 acres of wheat, 
 21,966 of oats, 16,755 of corn, 4,494 of barley, 234 of rye and 50 acres of hops. 
 
 FARM PRODUCTS FOR 1859. 
 
 NAMES OF TOWNS. 
 
 B 
 
 o rt 
 6 S. 
 
 CD C 
 
 ■2a 
 
 1! 
 -si 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 1 . 
 
 "sl 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 ■s 
 
 1 
 
 O 3 
 
 O 
 
 >■ 
 hi 
 O 
 
 = 8 
 
 > 
 
 "5 
 S-6 
 
 o'S) 
 
 • §1 
 
 o 
 
 r- 
 
 Ss 
 
 otn 
 H 
 
 Ash ford 
 
 8.5;33 
 
 3940 
 
 11556 
 
 0968 
 
 3544 
 
 7558 
 
 9317 
 
 4689 
 
 9429 
 
 8145 
 
 7390 
 
 2554 
 
 11481 
 
 1430 
 
 12598 
 
 10235 
 
 14860 
 
 22143 
 
 18529 
 
 15010 
 
 17199 
 
 18447 
 
 27225 
 
 21186 
 
 300 
 
 10167 
 
 7241 
 
 352 
 
 90 
 
 7540 
 
 4035 
 
 300 
 
 37812 
 
 14280 
 
 77608 
 
 37413 
 
 18049 
 
 42226 
 
 39615 
 
 22265 
 
 55562 
 
 37544 
 
 19676 
 
 5103 
 
 42381 
 
 10095 
 
 67836 
 
 68819 
 
 51923 
 
 109941 
 
 144262 
 
 130467 
 
 143593 
 
 84619 
 
 2949 
 
 627 
 6763 
 2241 
 
 556 
 1456 
 5048 
 
 754 
 1331 
 1054 
 6177 
 
 266 
 3239 
 
 190 
 3159 
 9704 
 2628 
 6874 
 2424 
 4165 
 1939 
 7943 
 
 7802 
 8089 
 6705 
 5256 
 2686 
 8042 
 5789 
 6331 
 8950 
 8405 
 4367 
 2312 
 6723 
 2693 
 6920 
 8054 
 10332 
 9678 
 9608 
 6716 
 6734 
 8388 
 
 5 9 
 
 5 
 
 118 
 
 10 
 
 10019 
 13159 
 34625 
 31614 
 12188 
 l.«47 
 28450 
 15940 
 18119 
 29775 
 26235 
 12860 
 37850 
 11590 
 37175 
 40675 
 42890 
 45970 
 39705 
 42595 
 46175 
 43948 
 
 $ 33035 
 14779 
 47672 
 30442 
 12628 
 30833 
 42085 
 19934 
 36636 
 38880 
 31730 
 8360 
 44167 
 11192 
 49875 
 59613 
 57271 
 76135 
 64185 
 58967 
 01128 
 70556 
 
 $ 6731 
 3230 
 7947 
 4833 
 2714 
 6203 
 4855 
 4101 
 5837 
 6010 
 6105 
 2329 
 6534 
 5090 
 9037 
 8074 
 8313 
 9219 
 8904 
 12250 
 7556 
 8106 
 
 $ 39766 
 
 Aubui'ii 
 
 18009 
 
 
 55619 
 
 Ecien 
 
 35275 
 
 
 15342 
 
 Calumet . . 
 
 
 34086 
 
 Empire 
 
 
 
 46940 
 
 
 
 24096 
 
 Mi^rshfieM 
 
 
 42473 
 
 Taycheedah 
 
 
 44890 
 
 
 
 37835 
 
 
 400 
 200 
 
 15 
 90 
 
 10689 
 
 Laniai'tine 
 
 50691 
 
 
 16282 
 
 Waupun Town 
 
 
 109 
 400 
 272 
 174 
 451 
 126 
 
 68912 
 
 Oaktield 
 
 81 
 
 1040 
 
 100 
 
 68287 
 
 Eldorado 
 
 66584 
 
 
 85354 
 
 Ripon Town 
 
 73089 
 
 
 
 71217 
 
 Alto 
 
 
 68684 
 
 Rosendale 
 
 286 
 
 78722 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 232561 
 
 80257 
 
 1176088 
 
 71477 
 
 142082 
 
 $1967 
 
 646954 
 
 $880043 
 
 $141798 
 
 11021841 
 
FOND DU LAC. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 417 
 
 NUMBER OF ACRES OF FARM PRODUCTS FOR 1879. 
 
 NAMBS OF TOWNS. 
 
 Ashford 
 
 Auburn 
 
 Alto , 
 
 Byron 
 
 Calumet 
 
 Eden 
 
 Empire 
 
 Eldorado , 
 
 Fond du Lac 
 
 Forest 
 
 Friendship 
 
 Lamartine 
 
 Marshfield 
 
 Metomen 
 
 Oakfield 
 
 Osceola 
 
 Ripon 
 
 Rosendale 
 
 Springvale 
 
 Taycheedah 
 
 W'aupuu 
 
 City of llipon 
 
 City of Waupun, North Ward 
 
 Total 
 
 4575 
 2792 
 .3793 
 5040 
 5496 
 1476 
 3020 
 47.53 
 30S8 
 4200 
 2116.V 
 4300" 
 4316 
 7710 
 4573 
 2490 
 1593 
 5490 
 6916 
 5780 
 4556J 
 428' 
 36 
 
 750 
 574 
 
 1537 
 5765 
 712 
 426 
 489 
 892 
 958 
 400 
 548 
 
 1000 
 295 
 
 2030 
 
 1084 
 500 
 322 
 
 1120 
 
 1150 
 493 
 
 13o8J 
 148 
 5 
 
 1050 
 828 
 
 1038 
 9751 
 
 1051 
 920 
 455 
 
 1069 
 
 1121 
 620 
 7163 
 
 1000 
 975 
 
 1290 
 
 1098 
 660 
 322 
 
 1170 
 
 1137 
 
 745 
 
 924 
 
 99 
 
 16 
 
 Barley. 
 
 625 
 573 
 663 
 G97J 
 547 
 220 
 236 
 491 
 749 
 300 
 6371 
 400 
 486 
 745 
 543 
 240 
 129 
 270 
 697J 
 ■344 1 
 43U 
 78' 
 
 Kyo. 
 
 184 
 35 
 
 60 
 
 32 
 
 125 J 
 21' 
 
 125 
 
 132 J 
 
 ill.! 
 
 134" 
 
 122 
 
 212 
 
 82 
 137 
 
 94 
 110 
 
 591 
 189 
 135 
 100 
 
 'ii 
 160 
 
 26 
 
 69 
 167 
 184 
 
 89f 
 
 19 
 
 Boot 
 Crops. 
 
 No. of 
 Acres 
 
 APi'LB ORCHARD. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Bearing 
 
 Trees. 
 
 175 
 
 89| 
 112i 
 206| 
 
 98| 
 
 67 
 155 
 169i 
 
 74 
 100 
 
 44| 
 120 
 
 70 
 
 93 
 281 
 
 87 
 
 42 
 217 
 236 
 
 4^ 
 142f 
 
 49 
 3 
 
 Hops. 
 
 4736 
 1727 
 3140 
 5850 
 2757 
 1650 
 2914 
 8811 
 1853 
 2570 
 1303 
 1040 
 1440 
 4510 
 9086 
 2150 
 1009 
 8850 
 9748 
 1588 
 4647 
 4477 
 200 
 
 Si 
 
 2J 
 
 CultiTa- 
 
 ted 
 Grass. 
 
 1575 
 1332 
 1269 
 2633 
 1410 
 21320 
 2659 
 1694 
 2799 
 4000 
 1246 
 3300 
 
 915 
 3775 
 2560 
 1300 
 
 407 
 
 1221 
 
 2620 
 
 44 
 
 1944 
 
 199 
 
 Gro'g 
 Timber. 
 
 2950 
 6688 
 
 683 
 2270 
 7824 
 1776 
 2039 
 1353 
 
 771 
 1200 
 1654 
 
 900 
 
 212 
 1665 
 1581 
 6250 
 
 349 
 
 846 
 1113 
 2444 
 
 977 
 
 82 
 
 87538 17368J 19270 9903J 724^ 2-523 
 
 361 26831 81106 12 60212 45577 
 
 FARM PRODUCTS FOR 1879 — {Continued). 
 
 NAMES OF TOWNS. 
 
 .ishford 
 
 Auburn 
 
 Alto 
 
 Byron 
 
 Calumet 
 
 Kden 
 
 Empire 
 
 Eldorado 
 
 Fond du Lac 
 
 Forest 
 
 Friendship..... 
 
 Lamartine 
 
 Marshfield 
 
 Metomen 
 
 0ak6eld 
 
 Osceola 
 
 Ripon 
 
 Rosendale 
 
 Springvale 
 
 Taycheedah 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Ripon City 
 
 Waupun Lity, North Ward.. 
 
 Totals 1171.509 674651 
 
 50905 
 45247 
 63970 
 84650 
 68194 
 19724 
 48254 
 71990 
 330-59 
 43800 
 33673 
 58300 
 44064 
 8R130 
 58230 
 23800 
 73531 
 71128 
 62119 
 64394 
 59385 
 5922 
 640 
 
 NDMBEK OF BUSHELS. 
 
 Corta. 
 
 17100 
 22390 
 
 48545 
 25594 
 26830 
 
 8703 
 21128 
 26298 
 27417 
 11823 
 27530 
 24000 
 
 5034 
 43810 
 87935 
 14000 
 46015 
 4675o 
 49865 
 lli800 
 24596 
 
 4483 
 
 32859 
 32392 
 37825 
 44034 
 36875 
 30820 
 26769 
 35398 
 32559 
 19862 
 25085 
 34000 
 23445 
 64970 
 33)33 
 21000 
 14109 
 39042 
 39325 
 31818 
 43099 
 2115 
 500 
 
 Barley. 
 
 6600 
 6130 
 7885 
 7984 
 6889 
 8532 
 3249 
 7759 
 8691 
 3326 
 9842 
 11000 
 5324 
 7330 
 7296 
 7Q0II 
 6205 
 3656 
 6510 
 5025 
 6182 
 705 
 
 718095 143020 13514 
 
 Bye. 
 
 300 
 
 2804 
 
 210 
 
 291 
 
 2088 
 
 171 
 
 130 
 391 
 259 
 340 
 860 
 
 64 
 2351 
 1608 
 
 270 
 
 1012 
 120 
 160! 
 
 5136 
 5466 
 5730 
 7197 
 6495 
 4270 
 3944 
 8504 
 2830 
 
 4689 
 4060 
 5087 
 6346 
 3845 
 4000 
 7072 
 5363 
 7072 
 6866 
 6683 
 702 
 
 116340 14,361 
 
 Boot 
 Crops. 
 
 490 
 1600 
 
 300 
 2686 
 
 1390 
 
 1300 
 
 3850 
 
 1686 
 
 235 
 
 800 
 
 25 
 
 Apples. 
 
 1840 
 
 843 J 
 
 1235* 
 
 1609 
 
 2837 
 
 174 
 
 18.55 
 
 300 
 
 1704 
 
 865 
 
 966 
 
 530 
 1960 
 5141 
 
 160 
 1796 
 1520 
 5564 
 1554 
 3106 
 1640 
 40 
 
 Clover 
 Seed. 
 
 800 
 729 
 121 
 
 61 
 731 
 157 
 269 
 400 
 233 
 627 
 
 35.? 
 419" 
 480 
 261 
 256 
 200 
 
 152 
 274 
 434i 
 233" 
 
 11 
 
 37229J 6864 
 G 
 
 Timothy 
 Seed. 
 
 6 
 
 630 
 
 75 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 50 
 56 
 
 659 
 61 
 
 236 
 170 
 205 
 
 65 
 
 2212 
 
418 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 FARM PRODUCTS FOR 1879 — (Oontinued). 
 
 
 Milch Cows. 
 
 No. OF Acres Har- 
 vested FOB Seed. 
 
 Number or Pounds. 
 
 NAMES OF TOWNS. 
 
 ■ 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Clorer. 
 
 Timothy. 
 
 Flax. 
 
 Hops. iTobaccn. 
 
 Cultivated 
 Grasses. 
 
 Butter. 
 
 Checsa. 
 
 Aahforfl . 
 
 500 
 
 595 
 804 
 773 
 734 
 501 
 483 
 683 
 506 
 577 
 509 
 860 
 463 
 803 
 686 
 650 
 108 
 704 
 583 
 714 
 971 
 291 
 17 
 
 5500 
 
 8638 
 11180 
 13903 
 11574 
 
 8740 
 
 966 
 
 10494 
 
 10100 
 
 8655 
 
 8066 
 13600 
 
 6482 
 13815 
 13225 
 
 6500 
 
 1698 
 12252 
 12701 
 
 5589 
 17605 
 
 5407 
 267 
 
 570 
 538 
 
 07 
 
 44 
 
 isn 
 
 101" 
 164 
 800 
 116 
 329 
 13.! 
 
 
 
 
 5150000 
 2912000 
 2184000 
 7938000 
 
 20040 
 11115 
 
 52556 
 17397 
 4868 
 7430 
 27155 
 46010 
 22680 
 17000 
 20160 
 30000 
 9890 
 61050 
 44567 
 10000 
 31080 
 61060 
 
 58279 
 
 
 1.! 
 232" 
 
 
 6128 
 
 
 104590 
 
 Alto 
 
 
 
 24280 
 
 
 
 
 
 67000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.5655 
 
 Eden 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 45329 
 65S0000 
 12000000 
 9614000 
 148000 
 4276000 
 4600000 
 1640000 
 6348000 
 7790000 
 2400000 
 5400000 
 4674000 
 
 14284 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 1500 
 
 
 
 3206 
 
 
 1000 
 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 
 38288 
 
 Forest 
 
 
 
 
 24200 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 
 176' 
 366 
 148 
 219 
 80 
 
 
 
 
 
 145000 
 
 Marshfield 
 
 
 
 125 
 
 
 13700 
 
 
 146 
 13J 
 
 
 
 25300 
 
 Oakfield 
 
 
 
 
 137685 
 
 Osceola 
 
 
 
 
 45000 
 
 Ripon 
 
 32 
 81 
 35 
 
 1680 
 
 
 
 
 10575 
 
 
 124 
 198 
 234J 
 135 
 
 
 
 24870 
 
 
 
 
 
 57680001 36025 
 
 100336 
 
 Taycheedah 
 
 
 
 
 628000 
 
 3063 
 
 221 
 
 9430 
 
 32850 
 
 2550 
 
 200 
 
 190255 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 168500 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 6550 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 1100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 13503 
 
 206957 
 
 4410,', 
 
 51 U 
 
 1680 
 
 9458 
 
 50 
 
 900986131609679 
 
 1217692 
 
 The farmers of Fond du Lac County support one agricultural paper, the Farmer, at Fond du 
 Lac, and have several brisk and well-attended farmers' clubs, with more in process of organization. 
 
 THE DAIRYING INTERESTS OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The dairying interests of Fond du Lac County have grown to dimensions of importance, 
 second, perhaps, to those of but one other county in Wisconsin. It is the pioneer county in 
 dairying, and would be second to none except for the rich returns of other agricultural pursuits. 
 The soil is not especially adapted to grazing and to nothing else, as is the case with dairying 
 sections outside of Fond du Lac County, but is simply good, rich soil, suitable for grazing or 
 grain. 
 
 The first factory cheese shipped out of Wisconsin, the first cheese [^factory and the first 
 Dairyman's Association in the State, all belonged to Fond du Lac County. 
 
 The very first cheese made, as the beginning of an experimental business enterprise, was 
 made in the spring of 1844, by Chester Hazen, in the town of Springvale. In 1850, he kept 
 twenty cows for their milk, and made the product into cheese, after the improved plan, using 
 vats. During thirty years from that time, cheese-making as a business for profit has been con- 
 tinued on that same farm by the same man, and always with satisfactory results. 
 
 In 1852, Warren Florida, of the town of Waupun, began making cheese from a small 
 dairy of cows; and George D. Curtis, of Rosendale, began also in a small way the same season. 
 About the same time, perhaps a year later, Henry Bush, of Byron, put a dairy of cows on his 
 farm, and began making cheese. From that period on, home dairying increased more or less 
 rapidly in Fond du Lac County, until the days of cheese factories. During the war, owing to 
 the high price of cheese, new dairies sprang into existence in almost every portion of the county, 
 and made money for their proprietors. 
 
HISTORY OF rOKD DU LAC COUNTY. 419 
 
 The first cheese factory erected in Wisconsin was built by Chester Hazen, in the town of 
 Springvale, Fond du Lac County, and put in operation in the season of 1864, with the milli 
 from 100 cows. The factory was a great curiosity, and was considered an experiment. The 
 next season, 1865, he had the lacteal product of 200 cows ; that of 400, in 1868, and of 1,000, 
 in 1870. Business of an equally large scale was continued by Mr. Hazen "s factory four or 
 five years after 1870, until other factories began to be built around him, when it dropped to 500 
 cows, the product of which number is now made into cheese at his factory. 
 
 The second cheese factory in Fond du Lac County was erected in 1866, in the north por- 
 tion of Springvale, by Vincent & Waterman. Later in the same season. Strong & Hammond 
 built a factory in Oakfield, and during the following fall or winter it was ready for milk. Dur- 
 ing the season of 1867, J. J. Smith built a factory in Ripon. This is now but little used, the 
 farmers about Ripon having recently very largely dropped the dairying business, owing to the 
 unprofitable price of cheese. During the next four or five years, a comparatively large number 
 of factories were built, and most of them did a flourishing business. The report made for 1870 
 showed the following factories in operation that year : Ladoga factory — 625 cows, 1,923,264 pounds 
 of milk, made into 194,544 pounds of cured cheese ; Brandon factory — 423.719 pounds of milk, 
 42,058 pounds of cured cheese; Rosendale factory — 475 cows, and made 44 tons of cured 
 cheese; Waupun factory — 150 cows, 76,954 pounds of green cheese; Treleven's factory, in 
 Fond du Lac — 150 cows and 31,108 pounds of cured cheese: Ripon factory — 300 cows, 63,454 
 pounds of green cheese; Oakfield factory — 800,000 pounds of milk, which made 88,889 pounds 
 of cheese; Alto factory — 175 cows, 290,561 pounds of milk, and 31,092 pounds of cheese; 
 J. A. Smith's factory, in Fond du Lac — 56 cows, from which were made 15,000 pounds of cheese in 
 ninety days; Spafford's factory, in Fond du Lac — 100 cows, from which were made 16,908 
 pounds of cheese; Ellsworth's factory, in Metomen — 150 cows, from which were made 14 
 tons of cheese. 
 
 In 1870, the first factory cheese shipped from Wisconsin in car lots, was sent from the 
 Hazen factory, at Ladoga, Fond du Lac County. Since then the practice of shipping and box- 
 ing at the factories has become common. 
 
 In 1879, there were thirty cheese factories in operation in Fond du Lac County, in which 
 were manufactured 2,244,000 pounds of cheese, which, although a falling-off of nearly 25 per 
 cent from the product of 1878, is still four times as great as the product of 1870. To make 
 this amount of cheese in 1879, required the milk of 4,500 cows. 
 
 At the International Dairy Fair held in December, 1878, at the American Institute, New 
 York, the first prize for Wisconsin factory cheese, was awarded to Chester Hazen, of Fond du 
 Lac County. 
 
 In 1870, the first Dairyman's Association ever organized in the State of Wisconsin was 
 formed in Fond du Lac County. Chester Hazen was President, and H. C. Strong, Secretary. 
 At its second meeting, held February 10, 1871, Chester Hazen was re-elected President; 
 F. S. Jenkins and W. J. Jennings, Vice Presidents ; H. D. Hitt, Treasurer, and H. C. Strong. 
 Secretary. A Board of Directors, consisting of William Knight, of Alto ; Charles Norris, of 
 Brandon ; James Cornell, of Byron ; D. D. Treleven, of Fond du Lac ; A. C. Whiting, of 
 Springvale ; Abel Bristol, of Oakfield ; H. C. Waterman, Rosendale ; William Starr, of 
 Ripon ; John Howard, of Waupun, and Ed Reynolds, of Metomen, was also elected. A neat 
 report in pamphlet form was published, and the Association was in a healthy condition. In 
 1872, the State Dairyman's Association was formed, and Chester Hazen was its President, the 
 Fond du Lac County Association being merged with the State Association. Chester Hazen, 
 who is now Vice President of the State Dairyman's Association, was its President during 1872, 
 1873 and 1874. He has done much to make a reputation abroad for Fond du Lac County 
 cheese and butter, which now bring the highest market price in all the Eastern cities. 
 
 While Fond du Lac County does not lead all other counties at the present time in the value 
 of her butter and cheese products, she has the honor of first demonstrating that dairying could 
 
420 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 be successfully followed ia Wisconsin, and thus put other localities, where grain raising was more 
 unprofitable, in possession of knowledge that has since made them richer, and also made Wis- 
 consin famous for the very finest quality of butter and cheese. Dairying has fallen off since 
 the beirinning of 1871) in Fond du Lac County for the very best of reasons, viz., the ruinously 
 low prices paid for butter and cheese. During that year, butter could actually be bought for 
 7 cents and cheese for 41 to 5 cents per pound, and those who could contract their butter for 
 10 cents or 121 per pound thought themselves exceedingly fortunate. Many farmers would not 
 sell at such insignificant prices and dropped at once the business of making butter and cheese. 
 At the beginning of 1880, however, both these articles rose to much higher prices, cheese 
 brinfinc from 14 to 16 cents and butter 20 to 22 cents per pound, and the outlook for dairy 
 keepers is again bright. 
 
 Not all the factories in Fond du Lac County mentioned as cheese factories are used in the 
 manufacture of cheese alone, some of them being creameries where butter alone, or both butter 
 and cheese are made. Perhaps the most novel and finest equipped creamery in the county is 
 near the farm of A. Atwood, in the town of Waupun. The milk in this creamery is cooled by 
 draughts of cold air which have passed into a large tunnel made for the purpose and passed many 
 rods under ground to the building. These currents are sufficiently cold and always steady and 
 reliable, the earth at the depth to which the tunnel was dug being always cool. This was the 
 first creamery of the kind ever erected, and was first run dui'ing 1878 by W. T. Brooks. 
 
 COUNTY AGRICULTUKAL .4.ND iMECHANICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 The Fond du Lac County Agricultural and Mechanical Society was oi-ganized on the 5th 
 of Julv, 1852, at Rosendale, and the first fair was held there on the 26th and 30th days of 
 September following. The amount of premiums awarded that year was $26L50, but the spirit 
 proved to be willing and the flesh weak in the distribution, for the amount actually realized and 
 divided was only 13 per cent of the awards. The ne.Kt year, 1853, the fair was held at Fond du Lac, 
 and, being instructed by the result of the year before, the Society's Committee made the more modest 
 award of $199, and managed, from the receipts, to pay 871 per cent of the awards. The ne.xt 
 year, 1854, by a judicious compromise, the premium obligations appear to have been fully dis- 
 charged by the distribution of $78 in cash and twenty-si.x volumes of the transactions of the 
 State Agricultural Society. In 1855, the fair was held at Fond du Lac, and showed an encour- 
 aging degree of improvement — the premiums awarded being §160 in cash and several volumes 
 of Patent Office Reports. In 1856, the figures, for some reason, show a slight falling-off — the 
 amount of awards being §157.50. The year 1857 was a little better, and shows premiums to 
 the amount of $192.50 ; and from this date the fairs and affairs of the society show a decided 
 recuperation. The fair was held at Ripon on the 23d and 24th days of September, 1858, and 
 was a success, the total receipts amounting to $282.07, of which there was awarded and dis- 
 bursed as premiums, $245.50. In 1859, was the "big year" — the Society having realized from 
 admission, membership tickets and subscriptions, the snug sum of $452.15, of which $211.75 was 
 invested in conveniences and fixings, then much needed by the Society, and $252.60 disbursed 
 as premiums. This fair was held in Fond du Lac. Last year, 1860, the Society was also self- 
 sustaining, and held an interesting fair at Fond du Lac, paying from its own resources $276 cash 
 premiums. As to the f;xir of 1861, " It is not unfair to presume that with ordinary fair-play it 
 would have proven a successful affair, but unwelcome warfare interfered sadly with its welfare." 
 
 All succeeding fairs after the first one have been held in the city of Fond du Lac. The Society 
 leased grounds on the southern limits of the city which had been purchased and fitted up as a race 
 track by the "Fond du Lac Stock Growers' Association." The Society erected an exhibition 
 building, and the necessary appurtenances for holding fairs. There the annual shows were held 
 with varied success and reverses until 1874, when, on the 20th of June of that year, a re-organ- 
 ization of the Society was effected, on the stock plan, and the following By-Laws were adopted : 
 
 Section 1. The annual meeting of the Society shall be held in the city of Fomi du Lac on the first Wednesday 
 succeeding the first Monday in January, in each year, at 12 o'clock noon. 
 
HISTORY OF FONB DV LAC COUNTY. 421 
 
 Sec. 2. The affairs of the Society shall be under the direction of .1 Board of thirteen Directors, who shall be 
 elected by ballot at the annual meeting. A majority of all the voles cast shall be necessary to an election, and no 
 person shall be eligiMe to election as a Director unless he is a stockholder, and has paid all assessments made upon 
 the shares of slock held by him. 
 
 Sec. 3. Shares of stock on which assessments shall have been paid, shall be entitled to one vote, but no stock 
 shall be represented by proxy. 
 
 Sec. 4. The Board of Directors, on receiving official notice of their election, shall within one week after receiv- 
 ing such notice, meet and elect from among their number a President, Vice President, Secretary and, Treasurer, -and 
 an Executive Committee of five, includiug the President and Secretary, who shall be ex officio members of said 
 committee. 
 
 Sec. 5. The Executive Committee shall have, under the direction of the Board of Directors, general supervision 
 of the affairs of the Society, and perform such other duties as may be imposed upon them by the IJoard of Directors. 
 
 Sec. 6. The Treasurer shall give bonds for the faithful performance of his duties as the Board of Directors 
 may direct. 
 
 Sec. 7. No moneys shall be paid out of the Treasury unless appropriated by a majority of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, and on the warrant of the President, attested by the Secretary, except the premiums awarded may be paid 
 upon the certificate of the Secretary. 
 
 Sec. 8. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Secretary upon the written request of 
 three Directors 
 
 Sec. 9. The Secretary shall cause to be published in at least two newspapers published in the city of Fond du 
 Lac, notice of all regular meetings of the Society, at least two weeks prior to such meeting. 
 
 Sec. 10. Vacancies occurring in the Board of Directors may be filled by a majority of Directors elect. 
 
 Sec. 11. A majority of Directors elect shall be necessary to consiitute.a quorum. 
 
 Sec. 1 2. These by-laws may be amended by a majority of the stockholders present at any regular or adjourned 
 meeting of the Society. 
 
 Sec. 13. In all matters otherwise not provided for, the Board shall be governed by the usual parliamentary 
 usages. 
 
 Sec. 14. Each stockholder shall be entitled to one ticket, admitting himself to the grounds at all times, when 
 under the control of the Society, which ticket shall be forfeited when in any hands except his own. 
 
 Sec. 15. No entry fee shall be charged for articles on exhibition. 
 
 Sec. 16. No certificate of stock shall be transferable except on the books of the Society, and in case of transfer, 
 the President and Secretary shall cancel the old certificate and issue a new certificate to purchaser. 
 
 Under the new order of things, George Keys, of Empire, was elected President, H. G. 
 Halsted, of Rosendale, Treasurer, and Dana C. Lamb, of Fond du Lac, Secretary. The capital 
 stock was fixed at $15,000, in shares of §25 each, and more than §10,000 was subscribed. The 
 new company, in consideration of the improvements made by the old organization, assumed to 
 pay its debts, including the premium-list of 1873. The grounds were put in good condition, a 
 fine amphitheater and numerous cattle and horse sheds built, wells sunk, the track put in order, 
 and preparations made for a grand exhibition, and the hopes of the new directory were not disap- 
 pointed, as the fair of 187-1 was acknowledged to have been one of the finest exhibitions ever 
 held in the State. The next year, under the same officers, the fair was again successful. In 
 1876, the following named gentlemen were elected as officers : President, Chester Hazen, Spring- 
 vale ; Vice President, John H. Martin, Fond du Lac ; Secretary, Dana C. Lamb, Fond du Lac ; 
 Treasurer, Henry G. Halsted, Rosendale. That year, the receipts of the fair, shown by the 
 report of the Treasurer, reached nearly $3,000. The fair of 1877, by the same officers, nearly 
 or quite equaled the former ones under the re-organization. The officers for 1878 were: H. D. 
 Hitt, of Oakfield, President; F. B. Hoskins, of Fond du Lac, Treasurer, and Gust.avedeNeveu, 
 of Empire, Secretary. Owing to bad weather, the receipts of the fiiir for 1878 were light, and 
 no premiums were paid. The fair of 1879 was blessed with fine weather, and the receipts were 
 sufficient to meet all demands. 
 
 RIPON AGRICULTURAL AS.SOCIATION. 
 
 The Ripon Agricultural Association was undertaken by Ripon in its mature years, but it 
 was indebted for its establishment, in great part, to the same men who had carried forward earlier 
 enterprises of a public nature to success. It originated in the "Farmers' Club" — a voluntary 
 institution, which had been in successful operation for two years or more — in the summer of 
 1866. Like all American operations, it elicited a world of talk, and, like most Ripon opera- 
 tions, that talk resulted in successful action. The usual machinery of public meetings, 
 committees and subcommittees, was resorted to — nothing can be done in this country without 
 
422 HISTORY OF FOND DF LAC COUNTY.. 
 
 public meetings and committees — and, as ever, the question of first importance was that of ways 
 and means. Upon a careful comparison of views, it was decided that it would be practicable to 
 organize and commence business on a paid-up capital of $5,000. But how to obtain the .$5,000 
 was the question. It was a very considerable amount of money to raise when there was no 
 immediate prospect of a return. It was thought that a subscription of $25 by each citizen 
 interested would be most available ; and it was, therefore, resolved that the capital of the Asso- 
 ciation should be divided into shares of $25 each ; and, as a special inducement to subscribers, 
 it was proposed that each holder of paid-up stock should be entitled to a free ticket, giving him- 
 self and family free access to the fair grounds on all occasions whatever. This was, undoubtedly, 
 the proposition which made the movement a success. 
 
 The irrepressible D. P. Mapes went to work to obtain subscriptions ; and, if any one thinks 
 it is a small piece of work to sell two hundred shares of stock in an agricultural association, for 
 $25 each, and get his money as he goes along, just let him try it; his eiforts will probably result 
 in taking a large share of conceit out of him. It was, indeed, a great amount of labor; but it 
 was accomplished in the course of five or six weeks. 
 
 An organization was effected under the general law ; a board of directors elected ; the 
 money was paid into the hands of a treasurer; and, in point of fact, the victory was won. Then 
 came the question of location, the' size and shape of the grounds, length of the trotting-course — 
 or whether there should be a trotting-course at all — fencing the grounds, making sheds, stalls 
 and what not; and, after a decision was reached on these innumerable questions, there was still 
 an immense amount of actual work to be done to carry the decision into effect. It was, in fact, 
 nothing short of a summer's work for the men engaged in it. But the end was at last reached, 
 or "straining full in view," and then there ai-ose another very important question — " Can the work 
 be finished up in time to hold a fair during the fall of 1866 ?" The majority of the Directors 
 responded " doubtful I " But two or three said there should be no doubt about it ; it must be 
 done, and it was done. The fair was held very late — on the 11th, 12th and 13th days of Octo- 
 ber, of that year. This was tlie first fair of the Ripon Agricultural Association, and it was a 
 success. 
 
 The oflicers of the Association since its organization are as follows : 1866 — President, A. M. 
 Skeels ; Secretary, E. P. Brockway ; Treasurer, H. M. Chapin. 1867 — President, A. M. 
 Skeels ; Secretary, E. P. Brockway ; Treasurer, C. F. Wheeler. 1868 — President, A. M. 
 Skeels; Secretary, E. P. Brockway; Treasurer, C. F. Wheeler. 1869 — President, A. M. 
 Skeels; Secretary, E. P. Brockway; Treasurer, C. F. Wheeler. 1870 — President, A. M. 
 Skeels; Secretary. T. Marshall ; Treasurer, C. F. Wheeler. 1871— President, A. M. Skeels; 
 Secretary, T. Marsliall ; Treasurer, C. F. Wheeler. 1872 — President, A. M. Skeels; Secretarv, 
 T. Marshall; Treasurer, C. F. Wheeler. 1873— President, A. M. Skeels; Secretary, T. Mar- 
 shall; Treasurer, C. F. Wheeler. 1874 — President, H. S. Town; Secretary, T. Marshall; 
 Treasurer, C. F. Wheeler. 1875 — President, H. S. Town; Secretary, T. Marshall; Treasurer, 
 C. F. Wheeler. 1876— President, H. S. Town: Secretary, W. B. Kingsbury; Treasurer, C. 
 F. Wheeler. 1877 — President, C. F. Hammond; Secretary, B. Kingsbury; Treasurer, J. M. 
 Little. 1878 — President, C. F. Hammond ; Secretary, H. W. Wolcott ; Treasurer, C. F. Wheeler. 
 1879 — President, H. W. Wolcott; Secretary, W. B. Kingsbury; Treasurer, C. F. Wheeler. 
 1880 — President, H. S. Town; Secretary, Gr. F. Horner; Treasurer, A. Osborn. 
 
 On the 9th of November, 1866, the Association purchased for their grounds seventeen 
 acres, in the northeast part of the city, about a mile from the business portion of Ripon. 
 
 Fairs have been held each year since the organization of the Association with uniform suc- 
 cess. The buildings upon the grounds are in excellent condition and well adapted for the 
 purposes intended ; there is also a fine half mile race-track. Other improvements are in good 
 order; in short, the grounds are complete in all their arrangements. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND Dl' I- AC COUNTY. 423 
 
 PLANK ROADS. 
 
 To secure firm and smooth thoroughfares for the transportation of their produce, the atten- 
 tion of the people of Fond du Lao County was early called to the necessity of constructing 
 plank roads. Companies were chartered and the work commenced. In 1852, a plank road was 
 finished and brought into use from the city of Fond du Lac to the city of Sheboygan on Lake 
 Michigan. In 18.5-3, this road was continued northwesterly from Fond du Lac to Rosendale, 
 and although contemplated to pass through the villages of Ripon and Ceresco to Fox River, it 
 was never completed farther than the east line of the town of Rosendale. After being used a 
 few years, it was suffered to fall to decay and was finally declared by the proper authority a free 
 public highway and such it has since remained. "This road," wrote a citizen of Fond du Lac, 
 in 1854, " is well graded and covered with solid oak plank, possesses firmness and promises dur- 
 ability. It affords an easy transit to the traveller, altogether preferable to the hemlock-knot 
 roads of the east." 
 
 That the citizens of Fond du Lac County may now fully appreciate the struggles and anxie- 
 ties of a quarter of century ago — before the era of railways — to insure cheap transportation 
 for produce and easy means of communication, the following account is reproduced from a pub- 
 lication of that time relative to plank road projects : 
 
 "There is a company organized with a charter for the construction of a plank road from Mil- 
 waukee to Green Bay. The work is already commenced, and some fifteen or twenty miles of 
 the road now in use between Calumet and Green Bay. The line of this road runs through the 
 entire width of Fond du Lac County, passing through the towns of Calumet, Taycheedah, 
 Fond du Lac, Empire, Eden, Ashford and Auburn. The plank road from Fond du Lac to 
 Waupun commenced the present season [1854], will pass through the intermediate towns of 
 Laraartine and Oakfield. The line of the Sheboygan and Mayville plank road passes through 
 Fond du Lac, and thence on the line between Byron and Oakfield into the county of Dodge. 
 Omro and Waupun plank road will run through Rosendale and Springvale to Waupun. 
 Port Washington and Fond du Lac plank road will pass through Osceola, Auburn, Eden and 
 Empire, to Fond du Lac. Fond du Lac and Waukau plank road will run from Fond du Lac 
 through Eldorado and Rosendale into the county of Winnebago. Oshkosh, Algoma and 
 Ripon plank road will run through the north part of Rosendale to Ceresco. Plymouth and 
 Waupun plank road will pass through Osceola, Eden, Byron and Oakfield to Waupun. Fond 
 du Lac and Oshkosh plank road on the west shore of Lake Winnebago, will run through the 
 town of Friendship. How soon and how many of the roads will be constructed is for the future 
 to disclose; yet one thing is certain, the will and the capacity to accomplish are adequate to 
 supply all the real necessities of the community in respect to plank roads." 
 
 And, notwithstanding all these schemes and all this labor, there is not now a plank road in 
 the county of Fond du Lac. The era of those roads was brief and spasmodic ; it soon gave 
 way to more important railway enterprises. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 As introductory to the sketch of the railways of Fond du Lac County, it will be profitable 
 to copy from an article of a quarter of a century ago, an account of the improvements of the 
 line then existing, bringing at once to the attention of the reader what had, at that early day, 
 become a reality, and the numerous projects already agitating the public mind. The writer says: 
 
 " While the people of Fond du Lac County have been active in securing the advantages 
 derived from good plank roads through its various sections, they have not been indifferent to the 
 moi-e important enterprise of connecting the great producing portions of the county with the 
 ' port towns ' and principal markets, by the construction of railroads. 
 
 " The Rock River Valley Union Railroad is the only one which has been brought (1854) 
 into use in Fond du Lac County. This was completed in 1858, from Fond du Lac through 
 Oakfield to near the village of Waupun, on the line of Dodge County. The length of the road 
 
424 HISTORY OF FOND I)V LAC COUNTY. 
 
 now in use is about twenty miles. Two trains run daily each way. The Horicon & Berlin 
 Railroad is now in process of construction, and will accommodate the western part of the county, 
 passing through Waupun, Alto, Metomen and Ceresco [now Ripon]. There are also charters 
 obtained and companies organized for the construction of the Milwaukee, Fond du Lac & Green 
 Bay Railroad, the line of which runs through the towns of Auburn, Ashford, Eden, Fond du Lac 
 and Friendship, in this county ; for the Port Washington & Fort Winnebago Railroad, running 
 through Auburn, Ashford, Byron, Oakfield, Waupun and Alto ; for the Sheboygan & Mississippi 
 Railroad, passing the entire length of the county from east to west, running through the towns 
 of Forest, Empire, Fond du Lac, Eldorado, Rosendale and Ceresco [now Ripon]. 
 
 " These constitute the principal railroads now contemplated to pass through this county. 
 Great interest is manifested and proportionate exertions made for the completion of some of these 
 roads, and should the agricultural interests of the county continue to enjoy the prosperity which 
 has attended them for the two past seasons, it will not be long before the county will possess 
 sufficient wealth, without difficulty to construct all the roads that necessity demands. Some of these 
 roads will probably never have but a chartered existence, while others are as sure of being 
 brought into actual and profitable use as that common prosperity attends the exertions of the 
 people." 
 
 Having thus presented a general view of the railway enterprise in Fond du Lac County, as 
 it existed a quarter of a century ago, it is necessary to call the reader's attention to the rise and 
 progress of each road actually constructed and now in operation within the limits of the county, 
 and to such other facts as may tend to recall the interest attaching to them from the date of 
 their inception to the present time. 
 
 The Chicago <(■ North- Western Railway. — Portions of what now constitute this line of rail- 
 way were built before any work was done in Wisconsin, but the first work done on the Chicago 
 & North-Western Railway lino proper was in the city of Fond du Lac, in 1851. The year 
 before, a line was built from Chicago to Elgin, 111., but not by any of the builders of what is now 
 the Chicago & North-Western Railway ; hence. Fond du Lac is really the birth-place of this 
 mighty fan of railway lines. 
 
 The people of Fond du Lac County had thought but little about railways, most of their time, 
 attention and spare money being devoted to plank roads. There were, however, a few far-seeing 
 men who looked forward to a time when travelers, merchants, miners, lumbermen and manufact- 
 urers would need something better than plank roads for their accommodatioA, and to them Fond 
 du Lac was indebted for a line of railway at an early date. They worked with an enthusiasm 
 and persistence truly remarkable, when it is known that little or no encouragement was received 
 from the masses, whose heads had been turned by plank roads. 
 
 John B. Macy and T. L. Gillet, of Fond du Lac, and A. Hyatt Smith, of Janesville, were 
 leading spirits in the formation of the Rock River Valley Union Railroad Company, as the road 
 and corporation were first named. 
 
 They met with numerous obstacles, some almost insurmountable, as they had not sufficient 
 means to build a railroad over the contemplated route, and the inhabitants, had they been able 
 to subscribe for stock, seemed to have little interest in the success of the project. Of this feature, 
 J. A. Watrous wrote in the Fond du Lac Appeal: 
 
 " As early as 184'J, there was some talk of iron rails for Fond du Lac, but those who had 
 any faith in the attempts were very few in number. The local papers held out no inducements, 
 in which respect they differed radically from modern local papers. Columns of space were 
 devoted to plank-roads in process of construction, and to giving proceedings of meetings called 
 for the purpose of devising ways and means for starting new ones, while a short paragraph suf- 
 ficed for the railroad enterprise. This seems almost unaccountable to people of the present day, 
 in view of the decayed and almost forgotten plank-roads, their short lives and little service." 
 
 Discovering that nothing could be done in Fond du Lac without outside aid, .John B. Macy 
 went East several times, with maps and plans, and finally succeeded in getting Robert J. Walker, 
 of Washington, interested in the enterprise. Late in 1850, a contract was let to Bradley & Co.^ 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. -iSS 
 
 of Vermont, practical railroad builders of large experience, to construct a certain portion of the 
 road. T. F. Strong, Sr., of tlie contractors, came West in 18-50, and looked the route over, rid- 
 ing the entire distance from Chicago to Fond du Lac on horseback. He then returned to his 
 home in Burlington, Vt., but removed to Fond du Lac early in 1851. When the people saw 
 him enter tlie village with 160 horses, followed soon after by loads of shovels, picks, wheelbarrows 
 and other tools, they aroused from their lethargy. Then there was faith ; then there was enthu- 
 siasm ; then there was railroad on the brain. 
 
 On the 19th of December, 1850, T. L. Gillet advertised that the stock-books of the new rail- 
 road were open at his store. Five per cent of the stock was to be paid in advance, and the 
 balance in 8-per-cent installments, quarterly. July 10, 1851, was fixed upon for breaking 
 ground, and arrangements were made for celebrating the event in true Western style. People 
 along the proposed line, from as far south as Sharon, were present. The State officials were to 
 be present. Members of the bar and officials of the various counties through which the road 
 was to run were to come. At an early hour the morning of the 10th, teams began to pour into 
 the village from all directions. Walworth, Rock, Jefferson and Dodge Counties sent large dele- 
 gations. Waupun's delegation came in many conveyances, with flags flying and band playing. 
 Most of the State officers were present. The starting of the immense procession was announced 
 by the booming of the village cannon. A. Hyatt Smith, President of the Rock River Valley 
 Union Railway, headed the procession. Then came the Directors and other officers of the 
 Company, and the contractor, T. F. Strong, Sr., followed by the State, village, and county oflS- 
 cials, the judges, members of the bar from the various parts of the State, and the people 
 generally, in large numbers. Peter V. Sang was Marshal of the Day, and William H. Ebbetta 
 Robert Conklin and Isaac S. Tallmadge, Assistants. The oldest inhabitants speak of that memora- 
 ble railroad celebrating procession as one of the largest and most enthusiastic ever seen in Fond 
 du Lac County. Preceded by the bands, the procession marched to the spot where work was to 
 begin — a few rods north of the passenger depot, on West Division street, and formed a hollow 
 square. The President of the Day, M. C. Darling, opened the ceremonies with a brief but 
 elegant address, and introduced A. Hyatt Smith, the President, to whom was handed the spade 
 carried in the procession by Tim F. Strong, son of the contractor, and, as he cut the tough 
 sod and tossed it into the air, a shout went up that made the earth tremble. When quiet was 
 restored, Edward S. Bragg, toast-master, read the regular toasts, as follows : 
 
 Walworth County — Though last on the line of the road in Wisconsin, may she be first m 
 her contributions for the great enterprise of the State. 
 
 Rock County — Like the rock that Moses smote, it contains in its bosom a fountain that 
 shall refresh a thirsty people. 
 
 Jefferson County — -Not unlike the illustrious statesman after whom she was christened, she 
 loves freedom and is bound to pursue it with an iron horse. 
 
 Dodge County — Her iron ore, the Valley road the magic wand that turns it into gold. 
 
 Fond du Lac County — She cannot wait to go East by water. 
 
 The toasts were appropriately responded to by parties from the various counties named. 
 Brief speeches were made by Attorney General S. Park Coon and others. The procession was 
 re-formed and marched back to the village, where it was dismissed, and as many as the Lewis 
 House would hold gathered for a banquet which was an elaborate affair and participated in with 
 much spirit. The speeches of prophecy made on that occasion were considered very extrava- 
 gant, and only one or two had the faintest idea they would ever be verified. 
 
 John B. Macy, who had labored for years in behalf of the enterprise, and had given the 
 whole subject much thought, assumed the garb of a prophet on that occasion in this toast: 
 
 The Rook River Valley Union Railroad — It will be the connecting of the great chain of rail- 
 roads between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. The present generation will see this 
 prediction fulfilled. 
 
 In 1872, when the North- Western's lines reached Ishpeming, Mich., John B. Macy's 
 prophecy was fulfilled. 
 
426 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 For various reasons work on the new road could not be pushed with any great degree of 
 effectiveness. The grading was not difficult, but the almost impassable condition of the roads 
 rendered it exceedingly difficult to get the iron, which came by the way of Green Bay, and a 
 portion of it by teams and wagons as far as the north end of Lake Winnebago. This was a very 
 costly mode of transportation, as the road, being broad gauge — ^six feet between rails — required 
 heavy equipages. 
 
 The first engine came by water from Buffalo to Sheboygan and was hauled by teams to 
 Fond du Lac, in 1852, requiring a fair-sized brigade of o.xen and horses, and several weeks to 
 accomplish the work. It was named the " Winnebago," in honor of the lake from which it 
 drank It weighed fifteen tons. It was used for a long term of years on the road, and then as 
 a switch-engine at Fond du Lac, after being changed to standard width. It is now in good con- 
 dition and doing good service in the yards at Green Bay, under its original name. The second 
 one came from Taunton, Mass., and landed at the same point — Sheboygan. To trans- 
 port this engine to Fond du Lac, there were secured fourteen yokes of oxen and seven spans of 
 horses, and it took six weeks to make the trip of forty-five miles. Some days it was not possible 
 to haul it more than eighty rods between sun and sun. 
 
 It was purchased in 1853, by T. F. Strong, Sr., who had leased the road. It cost 
 $10,000. It was a muddy piece of machinery when it reached Fond du Lac, having passed 
 through more sloughs than any other locomotive which ever came to the State. It was named 
 " The Fountain City," in honor of Fond du Lac, and is now owned by the Erie Railway. 
 
 When, in 1853, the track was laid a distance of fifteen miles out of Fond du Lac, and the 
 grading nearly completed to Chester, in Dodge County, the corporation failed, largely in debt 
 to the contractors among others. Mr. Strong leased the road, purchased strap-iron at Chicago, 
 •completed the line to Chester, added the engine just mentioned, and commenced operating the 
 road. The travel became quite an item, as did the freight, but it was soon found that it would 
 not warrant him in running, so he purchased a large quantity of pine and other logs, trans- 
 ported them by car to Rock River, a few rods north of Chester station, and floated them down 
 stream. They met with ready sale at the mills along the river, and not a few of them went 
 as far as Janesville. Before the strap-iron was put down, the wooden sleepers upon which it was 
 placed answered for a track a considerable length of time. In fact, the first logs ever trans- 
 ported by rail in the State, or in the West, were hauled on cars which ran a portion of the dis- 
 tance between Fond du Lac and the Rock River on wooden rails. For successful railroading 
 purposes these would suffer materially by a comparison with the steel rails of the present time. 
 The rate of speed made on them was very slow, the number of miles an hour hardly exceeding 
 the number of times a day some portion of the train was off the track. 
 
 In 1855, the city of Fond du Lac voted $350,000 aid ; the company was reorganized and the 
 road pushed on to La Crosse (now Minnesota) Junction, in Dodge County, under the name of 
 the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railway. Hard times were not to be overcome by a 
 change of name, and the road moved slowly. The same contractors and company, under an 
 Illinois charter, had built a road as far as Janesville from Chicago, 
 
 Early in 1859, the Legislatures of Illinois and Wisconsin authorized a re-organization of the 
 company, which then took the present name of Chicago & North- Western. 
 
 The road was rapidly built, that year, between Janesville and Minnesota Junction, thus 
 opening a line of 177 miles, in a few months more than eight years from the time ground was 
 broken at Fond du Lac. 
 
 Mr. Strong completed the road and ran trains to Oshkosh, in 1860 ; to Appleton, in the 
 early part of 1861 ; to Green Bay, in 1862, which was the terminus until 1871, when the road 
 was pushed on to Ishpeming, Mich., its present terminus, before the close of 1872, when it con- 
 nected with lines running to Lake Superior. 
 
 Once upon John B. Macy's return from one of his New York trips in behalf of the Rock 
 River Valley Union Railway, a number of his warm friends gave him a reception dinner. In 
 his speech, he predicted that within twenty years the road would extend from the Indiana line to 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 427 
 
 Lake Superior. At this same dinner, an ardent Whig offered as a toast : A. Hyatt Smith, 
 our next Governor ; John B. Macy, our next Congressman. Macy afterward went to Con- 
 gress, but Smith (A. Hyatt) has not yet reached the executive chair. 
 
 In 1859, before the two divisions met, the track was reduced from " broad " to " standard " 
 gnage, that is, from six feet to four feet eight and one-half inches, and celebrating excursions 
 were had in honor of the completion of the connecting link, ending, as elsewhere described, in 
 the terrible " Belleville Disaster." 
 
 It may be truthfully said that the Chicago & North-Western Railway originated in Fond du 
 Lac, and the corporation now owns more miles of railroad in Fond du Lae County than all the 
 other railway corporations combined. The old line passes through the towns of Friendship, 
 Fond du Lac, Oakfield, Byron and Waupun, and its lines in the county are nearly one hundred 
 miles in length. 
 
 The Sheboyynn c)'- Fond du Lae Railroad. — This road is now a part of the Chicago k 
 North-Western Railway, it having been purchased by that corporation early in 1879. In Fond 
 du Lac County it is a modern railway, so far as road-bed and rolling-stock are concerned, but its 
 originators were Fond du Lac County men. and the enterprise was one of the very earliest of its 
 kind in the Territory of Wisconsin. Early in 1846, agitation of the matter of a railroad between 
 the villages of Fond du Lac and Sheboygan was begun, resulting in a charter passing the Legis- 
 lature in the winter of 1846-47. About the 1st of February, 1847, Dr. Majon C. Darling, 
 N. P. Tallmadge, John A. Eastman and Moses S. Gibson, of Fond du Lac, and Messrs. Harri- 
 man, Farnsworth, Conklin and Moore, of Sheboygan, were appointed Commissioners to take sub- 
 scriptions, issue stock and organize the company. The capital stock was to be not over $500,000, 
 divided into 10,000 shares of $50 each, work to be commenced when 200 shares had been taken. 
 Those who subscribed for stock were to pay 10 per cent down, and the balance in installments 
 when called for. On Thursday, March 11, 1847, a mass convention was held at the building 
 called the Court House, in the village of Fond du Lac, which was largely attended by citizens 
 of Sheboygan and Fond du Lac Counties. Nothing was done, except to make speeches, adopt 
 resolutions and pledge faith. That was too early for the construction of a railroad from local 
 resources, and no work was actually done at that time. Agitation of the subject never ceased, 
 however, and March 8, 1852, the Legislature chartered the Sheboygan & Mississippi Railroad 
 Company, with the privilege of building a road from Sheboygan to the Mississippi River. 
 
 In 1853, an act empowered the company to build a branch to the Fox River, and on April 
 5, of that year, the organization of the company was effected. There was a mutual understand- 
 ing between the prominent citizens of Fond du Lac and Sheboygan Counties that if the city 
 and county of Sheboygan, with such local aid as might be obtained along the route, would build 
 the road to Glenbeulah, on the western line of the county, the city and county of Fond du La: 
 would furnish means for its continuation. Therefore, the city and county of Sheboygan and the 
 villages of Plymouth and Sheboygan Falls voted aid, and a contract to construct the line from 
 Sheboygan to Glenbeulah was entered into by Edward Appleton and Theodore Atkinson, of 
 Boston, and Van Epps Young, now of Grand Rapids, Mich., under the firm name of Edward 
 Appleton & Co. Ground was broken under this contract at Sheboygan on June 4, 1856. 
 Work was suspended in the fall of 1857, but resumed the following summer, and, with what 
 skill was then known in railroad building, was pushed with such vigor as to have the cars run- 
 ning to Sheboygan Falls January 17, and to Plymouth June 6, 1859 — a total distance of fourteen 
 miles. Work was then temporarily dropped on account of the refusal of the towns of Sheboy- 
 gan Falls and Plymouth to grant the aid expected from them. An arrangement was made, soon 
 after, however, with capitalists at the East, known as "The Loan Company," of Yarmouth, 
 Mass., by which means enough money was obtained to complete the line to Glenbeulah. which 
 was accomplished March 29, 1860. Here the road rested from further construction, and Edward 
 Appleton, its first Superintendent, began to operate it, his line being twenty miles in length. 
 All further efforts to secure the continuation of the road proved unavailing, as it had fallen 
 mostly into the hands of Eastern capitalists, thus alienating its local friends. Therefore, on the 
 
428 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 2d of March, 1861, the company was re-organized and named the Sheboygan k Fond du Lac 
 Railroad Company, with Samuel P. Benson, of Winthrop. Me., as President; John 0. Thayer, 
 of Sheboygan, as Secretary and Treasurer, and Edward Appleton as Superintendent. But even 
 this was not satisfactory, and the western terminus of the road remained at Glenbeulah until 
 1868, after the complete withdrawal of the Eastern parties. The city of Fond du Lac, where 
 the enterprise originated in 1846, had become anxious for the completion of the road to that 
 point at least. A proposition to furnish the necessary aid was submitted to a popular vote, and 
 defeated by a small majority. A. G. Ruggles, of Fond du Lac, took hold of the matter, and, 
 in April, 1867, procured the passage of a bill authorizing the county of Fond du Lac to aid the 
 Sheboygan &, Fond du Lac Company, by the payment of $30,000 in county orders when the line 
 should be built to the west line of the town of Marshfield ; .f 30,000 more when it reached the 
 west line of the town of Taycheedah ; $30,000 when it was in running order to the city of Fond 
 du Lac ; $30,000 more when it was finished half the distance to the city of Ripon, and $30,000 
 more — a total of $150,000 — when the road was built and ironed ready for cars to Ripon. At 
 the vote taken November 5, 1867, there was a majority of 673 in favor of the proposition, but 
 the towns of Eldorado, Alto, Waupun, Springvale, Calumet, Lamartine, Forest, Metoraen, 
 Byron, Auburn, Taycheedah, Ashford and Osceola gave majorities against the proposed aid. On 
 the strength of this promised aid a contract was let April 14, 1868, with Wild, Peck & Bruett, 
 for the construction of the road to the city of Fond du Lac. Work was immediately begun, and 
 pushed with great energy, as it was thought the county orders could be used as cash at once, the 
 county's credit being good and the orders being drawn to bear 7 per cent interest until cashed. 
 But when work had so far progressed as to entitle the Company to the first installment of 
 $30,000, Warren Whiting served an injunction through the Circuit Court, on the County Treas- 
 urer, to restrain him from payment of the amount promised and then due. The decision of 
 the Court upon hearing was adverse to the Company, being virtually, " that a tax for a 
 private purpose is unconstitutional ; " and that the public use of a railroad is not such as to 
 make the levy of a ta.x in aid of its construction valid. But the matter did not rest there, as the 
 county had issued bonds which were in the hands of innocent purchasers. An action in the 
 United States Court was commenced by a holder of these bonds against the county of Fond du Lac. 
 The case subsequently reached the United States Supreme Court. The most important point 
 decided was that a railroad is a public highway, so that a State may levy a tax for its construc- 
 tion, although built and owned by a private corporation, thus overruling the decision of the 
 State Supreme Court. In the Whiting case, a levy was made under the Olcott judgment, and 
 the County Treasurer's safe and the poor-farm were each sold for $1, after which the Court 
 House was put up. The sale was only a formal affiiir, but a patriotic son of Erin who was 
 present did not propose to see this famous relic thus sacrificed, and bid it up to $11, at which 
 it was struck off to him. This property was afterward redeemed by the county and the bonds 
 properly met. Trains were regularly running between Fond du Lac and Sheboygan soon after 
 January 1, 1869. The completion of the road to the city of Fond du Lac secured to the Com- 
 pany $90,000 of aid, but the further extension of the line as the Company's charter permitted, 
 was then dropped, although negotiations were continued with the Wisconsin Central Railroad 
 Company. Finally, in September, 1871, T. F. Strong, Sr., of Fond du Lac, then President of 
 that road, opened negotiations with Wells, French & Co., of Chicago, for the completion of the 
 road to Princeton, on the Fox River, in Green Lake County. This portion of the line was 
 more rapidly constructed than any other, and Princeton was reached May "20, 1872. The dis- 
 tance from Princeton to Sheboygan is seventy-eight and one-half miles, and from the time the 
 first charter was granted in the winter of 1846-47, to the completion of the road to the former 
 place, was nearly twenty-six years. In 1879, the road was sold to the Chicago & North-Western 
 Railway Company, by whom it is now owned and managed. The Sheboygan k Fond du Lac 
 Railroad, as it is yet known, passes through the towns of Marshfield, Taycheedah, Fond du 
 Lac, Lamartine, Eldorado, Rosendale and Ripon, a distance, with all the deviations to avoid 
 marshes and hills, of nearly thirty-nine miles. The general offices, since the road was completed 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 429 
 
 to Fond du Lac, have been located in that city, and the officers since the organization of the 
 Company in 1861, with the dates of their election, have been as follows : 
 
 Presidents — Samuel P. Benson, of Winthrop, Me., March 2, 1861; E. L. Phillips, of 
 Fond du Lac, January 26, 1862 ; Harrison 0. Barrett, of Glenbeulah, Wis., January 26, 1863 ; 
 S. M. Bruett, of Cincinnati, Ohio, April 20, 1866 ; A. G. Rugcrles, of Fond du Lac, April 13, 
 1868; S. M. Bruett, of Cincinnati, Ohio, March 16, 1870; T. F. Strong, Sr., of Fond du Lac, 
 January 3, 1871; A. G. Ruggles, of Fond du Lac, January 17, 1873; John A. Bentley, of 
 Sheboygan, April 25, 1873 ; James F. Joy, of Detroit, Mich., July 15, 1873; John A. Bentley, 
 oF Sheboygan, December 11, 1873; Daniel L. Wells, of Milwaukee, Wis., January 19, 1876; 
 A. G. Ruggles, of Fond du Lac, January, 1877, and up to the sale to the Chicago & North- 
 western Railroad, in 1879. 
 
 Vice Presidents — E. L. Phillips, of Fond du Lac; J. L. Moore, of Sheboygan; A. G. 
 Ruggles, of Fond du Lac ; Edwin Slade, of Glenbeulah, and John A. Bentley, of Sheboygan. 
 
 Secretaries — John 0. Thayer, of Sheboygan; H. G. H. Reed, of Glenbeulah; Edwin 
 Slade, of Glenbeulah. 
 
 Treasurers — John 0. Thayer, of Sheboygan ; T. R. Townsend, of Sheboygan, and A. G. 
 Ruggles, of Fond du Lac. 
 
 Superintendents — Edward Appleton, of Sheboygan; S. M. Barrett, of Cincinnati, Ohio; 
 Harrison 0. Barrett, of Glenbeulah ; Timothy F. Strong, Jr., of Fond du Lac ; Charles C. 
 Smith; Brandon Mozley, of Detroit; John A. Bentley, of Sheboygan; Edwin C. French, of 
 Fond du Lac; George P. Lee, of Fond du Lac, and L. R. Emmerson, of Fond du Lac. 
 
 Attorneys — John A. Bentley, of Sheboygan; George P. Knowles and Elihu Colman, of 
 Fond du Lac. ^ 
 
 The Chicago, Milwaukee §' St. Paul Railway. — The prosperous and well-managed railroad 
 which accommodates the western portion of Fond du Lac County was not known as the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway until 1875, nor did it belong to that corporation. It was 
 chartered in 1852 as the Milwaukee & Horicon Railroad, to extend from Horicon, Dodge 
 County, on the Milwaukee & La Crosse road, through Fond du Lac County to Berlin, in Green 
 Lake County, a distance of forty-two miles. The charter was obtained and the work begun by 
 John B. Smith, Jasper Vliet, Daniel A. Richards and others, of Milwaukee, who furnished the 
 capital, so far as their private fortunes went, and secured means from other sources to complete 
 the road. The most prolific of these sources was the farm-mortgage system, the first one of 
 which for this road was given by David P. Mapes on his homestead in Ripon. These mortgages 
 Avere sold, most of them at a discount, and money enough was finally secured to complete the 
 line of rjiilway. When it reached Ripon and cars were running to that city, an elaborate rail- 
 way celebration was indulged in by a large concourse of people. The road was finished to 
 Waupun February 15; Brandon, October 15; Ripon, in iSToveraber, 1856. It was completed to 
 Berlin early in 1857. 
 
 The line of this road extends across the towns of Waupun, Metomen and Ripon. It opened 
 the trade of these towns to the markets of Milwaukee, as the Milwaukee & La Crosse road had 
 already been built and connections were made at Horicon. But the road (?ould not be made to 
 pay. John B. Smith, its first President, and his associates had put all their property into the 
 enterprise, and as there were large debts unpaid from the (Jonstruction and equipment, and others 
 for ordinary running expenses accumulating, suits were begun against the Company by its 
 creditors, and a flood of litigation was added to its already overwhelming burdens. One of these 
 suits, begun in 1858 and 1859, resulted in the "Horicon Railroad war." 
 
 The railroad finally passed into the hands of L. Ward, as Receiver, who held it with its 
 appurtenances until 1863, when it was sold to Russell Sage, AVashington Hunt and others, of 
 New York. Soon after, in the same year, these parties sold the road to the Milwaukee & St. 
 Paul Railroad Company, which had just been organized. This was the first of that Company in 
 Fond du Lac County. 
 
430 HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The Milwaukee & Horicon road made its original projectors and builders poor. When it 
 passed, in 1860, into Lyndsey Ward's hands as Receiver, it was in debt $10,000 for running 
 expenses, besides all other debts for construction and equipment. 
 
 The present corporation was organized under the name of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail- 
 way Company May .5, 1863, as the successor by purchase of the La Crosse & Milwaukee, the 
 Milwaukee & Western, the Milwaukee & Horicon, and the Ripon & Wolf River Railways, a total 
 of 2-33 miles of railroad. The first officers were D. M. Hughes, President; G. W. Rogers, Vice 
 President: E. H. Goodrich, General Manager; S. S. Merrill, Superintendent; Russell Sage, 
 Jr., Secretary ; Alanson Cary, Treasurer. The Company owned 43 locomotives, 29 passenger 
 coaches, 11 baggage and express cars, 662 box cars, and 132 flat cars, all worth $1,200,800. 
 D. M. Hughes was President from July, 1863, to July, 1864 ; Russell Sage from July, 1864, to 
 July, 1865, and Alexander Mitchell continuously since that time. S. S. Merrill has been Gen- 
 eral Manager since 1865. The other officers are John W. Cary, Solicitor, A. V. H. Carpenter, 
 General Passenger Agent. 
 
 The name was changed by an act of the Legislature, in February, 1875, to the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, on account of the construction of the line between the cities of 
 Chicago and Milwaukee. 
 
 The Ripon & Winnebago Railroad Company was organized in 1856, principally at Oshkosii 
 and Ripon, for the construction of a line of railroad between these two cities. About two-thirds 
 of the necessary grading was done when the financial depression made it impossible for the Com- 
 pany to finish the work. In 1870, the right of way, grade and other real property of this road 
 was purchased by a company, and the name of the road and corporation changed to the 
 Oshkosh & Mississippi, but only the grading was finished when it was' leased to the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company, which corporation laid the iron, put the road into run- 
 ning order, and still retains control of it. To complete the Oshkosh & Mississippi line, the city of 
 Ripon voted and paid $15,000, and the town of Ripon $5,000, each receiving therefor stock of 
 the road at par, and in amounts equal to the aid voted. 
 
 The " Air Line" road to Milwaukee from Fond du Lac, now owned and controlled by the 
 Chicago & North- Western Railway Company, was originated by C. J. L. Meyer, of Fond du 
 Lac, who thought that Fond du Lac City and County should have a nearer and more direct 
 connection with Milwaukee over a competing line of road. He secured a charter for the line in 
 1871, under the name of the Milwaukee & Nortli- Western Railway, the first officers of the Com- 
 pany being : President, Charles J. L. Meyer, of Fond du Lac ; Vice President, Harrison Lud- 
 ington, of Milwaukee ; Secretary, John S. McDonald, of Fond du Lac ; Treasurer, William H. 
 Hiner, of Fond du Lac. In 1872, the name was changed to the North-Western Union Rail- 
 way Company. Mr. Meyer secured the right of way ; had $75,000 of aid voted by the city of 
 Fond du Lac ; $55,000 by Washington County ; $15,000 by the village of Kewaskum, 
 Washington County ; $25,000 by West Bend, and $15,000 by Barton, in the same county, and 
 $15,000 by the town of Ashford, in Fond du Lac County. He began the construction of the 
 line at Milwaukee, in 1872, and for a time pushed the matter with great energy ; but the Com- 
 pany had not the means to finish sixty-three miles of first-class railroad, and was therefore com- 
 pelled to sell to the Chicago & North-Western Company, already a heavy holder of Northwestern 
 Union Bonds, which was done the same year. The road was finished in 1873, and passes through 
 the towns of Fond du Lac, Eden, Ashford and Auburn. Although the exclusive property of 
 the Chicago & North-Western Railway Company, the Air Line, or North-Western Union road 
 maintains a separate organization, holding annual elections. Its officers, however, are all officers 
 of the Chicago & North-Western Company. The formality of a separate organization for ten 
 years was required by the Air Line charter. 
 
 The Fond da Lac, Amboy ;f Peoria Railivay. — This, a narrow-gauge railway, 
 extends from Fond du Lac, through the towns of Fond du Lac and Byron, in Fond du 
 Lac County, to Iron Ridge, in Dodge County, a distance of twenty-eight miles. Alonzo 
 Kinyon, a prominent citizen of Lee County, 111., who originated the Chicago & Rock 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 431 
 
 River Railroad, and was its President, conceived the plan of connecting the iron, cop- 
 per, lumber and manufacturing regions of Wisconsin with the corn and coal regions of 
 Illinois, by a more direct route than any then in existence. He was one of the earliest advo- 
 cates of the convenience and economy of the narrow-gauge system of railways, and decided to 
 connect, if possible, the two sections of country mentioned, by the narrow-gauge railway. 
 Accordingly, on the 30th of May, 1874, at Amboy, III., the Articles of Association of 
 the Fond du Lac, Amboy & Peoria Railway Company were signed by Alonzo Kinyon, of 
 Amboy, and Egbert Shaw, of Lee Center, 111., W. P. Wolf, of Tipton, Iowa, and T. H. Mink 
 and B. A. Mink, of Clarence, Iowa. Soon after, these Articles of Association were recorded 
 in the office of the Secretary of State of Illinois, and in Lee, Bureau, Peoria, Marshall and Ogle 
 Counties of that State. 
 
 In December of the same year, the same parties organized under the laws of Wisconsin, for 
 the purpose of building and operating a narrow-gauge railway from Fond du Lac to the line 
 between Illinois and Wisconsin, and connecting with the lines projected in the former State. 
 The Wisconsin Division was to extend through the counties of Fond du Lac, Dodge, Jefferson, 
 Waukesha, Milwaukee and Walworth or Rock ; and on December 26, 1874, Gov. William R. 
 Taylor issued the necessary patent. Alonzo Kinyon was chosen President of the Illinois, and 
 W. P. Wolf, President of the Wisconsin Division. 
 
 The construction of the road was to begin at Fond du Lac, but at the same time, right of 
 way and the lease of several thousand acres of coal-fields were obtained in Marshall, Bureau, 
 and Peoria Counties, 111. After the preliminary survey had been made, it was found the laws 
 of Wisconsin did not provide for the consolidation of corporations or associations existing in 
 different States. Mr. Kinyon thereupon proceeded to Madison, with a bill obviating this, which 
 the Legislature promptly passed. The towns along the proposed line took active steps to 
 give aid, but the city of Fond du Lac was unable to furnish further i-ailway aid on account of 
 the law limiting municipal indebtedness. The. Legislature, therefore, passed a bill allowing 
 municipalities to extend aid to railroads by guaranteeing the interest on the bonds of the road 
 to be aided. 
 
 The consolidation of the two companies was effected March 22, 1875, by the choice of 
 Alonzo Kinyon, President ; the Board of Directors being W. P. Wolf, Egbert Shaw, T. H. 
 Mink, B. A. Mink, Joseph T. Kinyon and Clark Sprague. The various towns in Dodge 
 County voted aid in town bonds, and gave, also, the grade of the old Mayville & Iron Ridge 
 Railroad, while the city of Fond du Lac guaranteed the payment of interest for ten years on 
 $200,000 of the first-mortgage bonds of the Company, $30,000 of which were to be appropri- 
 ated for the erection of railroad-shops in that city. In June, 1875, Mr. Kinyon was authorized 
 to locate the line of the road, and John S. McDonald, of Fond du Lac, I. M. Bean, of Mil- 
 waukee, and Samuel A. White, of Whitewater, were chosen trustees of the mortgage, the 
 amount of bonds being limited to $10,000 per mile. Soon after, the Company contracted with 
 D. E. Davenport & Co. for the construction of the road from Fond du Lac to Milwaukee, by 
 way of Iron Ridge. The Company afterward canceled their contract. Mr. Kinyon then 
 resigned the presidency to take the contract of finishing the road, thinking this would best pro- 
 tect the interests of the Company. It was understood, however, that, when finished, he should be 
 re-elected President of the road. The contract provided that the Company should pay for the 
 construction and equipment of the road, $10,000 per mile, in bonds ; $3,000 per mile in stock and 
 whatever aid could be secured. At this time, S. W. Lamoreux, of Dodge County, and George 
 P. Knowles, of Fond du Lac, were added to the Board of Directors. W. P. Wolf was elected 
 President, and George P. Knowles, Assistamt Secretary, with the custody of the books and rec- 
 ords at the city of Fond du Lac. A great amount of trouble and litigation now followed. 
 Finally, after all matters had been settled, the Railway Company took possession of the road 
 on the 1st day of May, 1878. Its entire cost was $200,000. 
 
 The Company, thinking the contract under which aid had been secured from the city of 
 Fond du Lac had not been completely fulfilled, proposed to the City Council to cancel it and 
 
432 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 destroy the $200,000 of guaranteed bonds. This proposition i^aa promptly accepted, as these 
 bonds had been made an issue in the municipal election of 1878, resulting in the election of 
 Orrin Hatch — who favored '■ burning the narrow-gauge bonds" — as Mayor. The bonds were 
 therefore burned in the furnace of Robert A. Baker's bank early in 1879, with much ado, in 
 presence of the city ofBcers, and quantities of the ashes were preserved in glass vessels. 
 
 Thus the road was secured to the city without the expenditure of a dollar of aid or the 
 burden of a single bond. The Company also i-elinquished $30,000 in subscriptions for bonds 
 made by citizens of Fond du Lac, which, with the surrender of all claim to the city bonds, 
 gained the confidence and good will of the community. 
 
 At the annual meeting of the stockholders, in May, 1879, Alonzo Kinyon, of Fond du Lac, 
 and W. P. Wolf of Tipton, Iowa, who had devoted their time, energy and means to the con- 
 struction of the road, were made, respectively, President and Vice President of the Company. 
 Mr. Kinyon was also elected Superintendent, and Mr. Wolf Secretary. George P. Knowles, 
 of Fond du Lac, was chosen Solicitor, the balance of the Board of Directors consistinj; of E. 
 N. Foster, Alexander McDonald and M. D. Moore, of Fond du Lac; J. A. Barney of Dodge 
 County, and S. V. Landt, of Tipton, Iowa. 
 
 The Fond du Lac, Amboy & Peoria Railway, notwithstanding its trials and tribulations, 
 is on a paying basis, paying its interest in advance. It is the only competing line running into 
 the city of Fond du Lac, and affords a valuable outlet, by the way of the Chicago, Milwaukee 
 & St. Paul Railway, for the many manufactories of the city. 
 
 FOND DU LAC COUNTY A QUARTER OF A CENTURY AGO. 
 
 "In general appearance," says a writer in 1854, "this county presents one vast undulated 
 field of marsh, prairie, openings, and timber lands, covered with an infinite variety of grass, 
 herbs, shrubs and plants. It is ornamented with the most luxurious and beautiful flowers, and 
 watered with innumerable flowing streams, seeking the level of Michigan and Winnebago Lakes, 
 or uniting to make the Rock River a common channel through which to pour their waters into 
 the Mississippi." 
 
 The enthusiastic writer continues : " Perhaps the eye of man has never rested on a spot of 
 earth which, for beauty, fertility, health and convenience, is better calculated to meet his wants 
 and supply his necessities, since shut out from the primeval garden. Moderate climate, exhil- 
 arating atmosphere, and water of unequaled purity, have given to this county the rapid growth 
 and unrivaled prosperity, which has, without revulsion or even check, marked its progress from 
 its first settlement. Each successive year contributes to develop the advantages enjoyed in 
 this county, and at no time have the inducements to the agriculturist, the mechanic and the 
 capitalist, been greater to establi-sh themselves in this county than the present year. This county 
 does not present as great a variety of soil as many other sections of country ; about all por- 
 tions even to the black mold prairie, partaking largely of argillaceous properties ; yet all the 
 varieties of the grains, grasses, roots and fruits common to Northern latitudes are produced in 
 abundance when judiciously cultivated." 
 
 " No doubt," continues the writer, " there are districts of country which can produce 
 ■ greater crops of some of the grains and with less labor ; but here pure air and wholesome 
 water, so necessary to health of body and mind, give vigor, elasticity, and hardihood to the en- 
 tire constitution, and a zest to industry ; so that without overtasking the natural powers with 
 excessive toil, the amount of exercise necessary to the* development and health of the physical 
 and moral powers wisely and justly directed ai'esuflicient to abundantly supply all the necessities 
 of life, many of its luxuries, and make constant improvements in its conveniences." 
 
 In speaking of Winnebago Lake, he says : "This beautiful sheet of water, thirty-five miles 
 in length from north to south, eight to fifteen in width from east to west, reclines its head in the 
 bosom of this county — the city of Fond du Lac lying at its crown, as the name signifies 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 435 
 
 ' Head or extremity of the Lake.'* Upon the west side, near its center, this lake receives 
 the water of Fox and Wolf Rivers, at the city of Oshkosh. Wolf River, descending from the 
 great " pinery," furnishes the common highway for the transportation of boards, logs and tim- 
 ber, immense rafts of which are annually floated down to the [Winnebago] Lake, towed by 
 steamboats to Fond du Lac and manufactured by steam mills into such form as the wants of the 
 city [of Fond du Lac] and country require. An extensive surrounding district is thus supplied 
 with pine lumber at a small advance above its value in its native forest. There is also an im- 
 mense amount of logs and sawed lumber carried by railroad from this place [Fond du Lac City] 
 to Rock River, thence floated to Janesville to supply a large district destitute of pine. 
 
 " In return for this lumber, Fond du Lac contributes largely to furnishing the provisions and 
 clothing for the vast array of laborers who are constantly employed in the various branches of 
 labor, which brings the treasures of the far distant forest to the city market or farmer's door. 
 It also furnishes axes, saws, chains, and all kinds of implements necessary to the various 
 branches of the work, constituting a commercial interest of great importance. To the cheap 
 and safe communications between the fertile fields of Fond du Lac County and the almost inex- 
 haustible pineries, this county is largely indebted for the rapid and continued increase of its 
 population and wealth which has marked its progress, year by year, from its first settlement up 
 to the present time. And yet its present improvements and wealth are but the developments of 
 an insignificant portion of its capacity. Its surface of more than seven hundred square miles is 
 only dotted with comparatively small improvements, while vast unfurrowed fields of prairies, 
 openings, and woodlands, like a wide-spread garden clad in nature's beauty, are inviting the tiller's 
 hand. Improvements here can receive no check from exhaustion until the agricultural, mechan- 
 ical and commercial operations are quadrupled, and quadrupled again, which, according to the 
 ratio of the past and the prospects of the present, cannot be many years. In contemplating 
 the growth of this county in population, wealth and improvements, public and private, the mind 
 is unavoidably driven to the conclusion, that Fond du Lac possesses natural advantages and 
 facilities for the promotion of the prosperity and happiness of man seldom found in other parts 
 of the world." 
 
 " The Indian's trails," continues the writer, "are obliterated — have long since ceased to guide 
 the traveler. The whole county, like a vast checkerboard is now cut into squares and triangles 
 by smooth, graded roads over which heavy-burdened wagons roll with steady pace, and vehicles 
 of pleasure glide with rapid motion. 
 
 " There is a first-rate plank road from Fond du Lac to Sheboygan and another to Rosen- 
 dale. There is in contemplation a railroad from the head of Lake Winnebago to Rock River 
 in the county of Dodge, with others to be built, and plank roads also, in almost every direction, 
 having Fond du Lac for one terminus. Vast fields of wheat, corn, oats and barley, bowed with 
 the weight of substantial wealth, wave their rich treasures where so lately wild flowers bloomed 
 alone. The howling of wolves and savage yells of the Indian no longer rend the air and chill 
 the blood with sensations of horror. The wigwam and its inmates, with all the associations of 
 rude and savage life, have disappeared, as the tide of civilization, like a prairie fire, has swept 
 over the country. Wild plums, apples and cherries, like wild men who plucked them, have 
 given place to those which are more refined and the highly cultivated. Many thousands of apple 
 trees of choice varieties have been planted within the past year [1854]. 
 
 " Encouraged by the luxurious growth and abundant productiveness of those which were 
 early cultivated, agriculturists are now beautifying and enriching their farms with the best 
 varieties of apple, pear, plum and cherry trees. While the citizens of this county have mani- 
 fested so much zeal and energy in the cultivation of their farms, they have not neglected the 
 moral and intellectual field, but have exhibited their high sense and active appreciation of the 
 cultivation of the youthful mind in common schools, by the erection of 141 schoolhouses in the 
 various districts, most of which are both convenient and elegant, while a few yet remain of the 
 
 ♦ Tbis definition of "Fond du Lac" is not strictly correct. For the literal as well as figurative meaning of the word, the reader Is 
 Teferred to the article already given, entitled, " Origin of the name Fond du Lac." 
 
 H 
 
436 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 rude edifices hastily thrown up to serve a temporary purpose. At an average cost of $200 these 
 buildings would amount to $28,200. In them have been taught the past year [1853], 4,86& 
 scholars ; average time in the districts, about eight months." 
 
 In speaking of the health of the county at that date, 1854, the writer says: " Some idea 
 of the salubrity of the atmosphere and purity of the water may be formed from the healthful- 
 ness of the inhabitants. The pale face, sunken cheek, cadaverous countenance and hectic 
 cough are seldom met with in this county. Butchers are patronized far more liberally than 
 physicians. The unusual absence of disease in this county was noticed more particularly by the 
 early settlers, from the fact that they anticipated the visitation of those bilious diseases so com- 
 mon in new countries. The Fond du Lac Journal of May 4, 1849, contained the following 
 remarks on the subject of health : ' We can assert without fear of contradiction that the climate 
 of Wisconsin is healthier than that of any Eastern State, and Fond du Lac County far more 
 healthy than any Eastern county. In proof of this, we have the universal affirmation of the old 
 residents here. For three years (1842, 1843 and 1844), when the population of the county 
 ranged from 300 in 1842 to 1,500 in 1844, there was not a single death from disease in Fond 
 du Lac County. We do not believe another like instance can be found in the world. Since 
 that time, sickness has been almost a stranger here. Up to the present time, this place [the 
 village of Fond du Lac] has never been visited with any general sickness. Disease and death 
 have followed the transgression of the natural and Divine laws here as in other places, but the 
 inhabitants are abundantly warranted in their fixed belief, that this is a very highly favored part 
 of the world as regards health.' " 
 
 The abundantly satisfied writer continues his discourse thus : " It has already been said that 
 ' the present improvements in this county were but the development of an insignificant fraction 
 of its capacity.' Every new facility for communication or transportation between this and the 
 Atlantic States adds to the value of the products of this county, increases the agricultural inter- 
 ests, and advances the market value of the soil. The construction of the plank roatl from Fond 
 du Lac to Sheboygan, opening an easy land communication to Lake Michigan, advanced the 
 value of wheat and other grains in this county at least 20 per cent, and reduced the cost of 
 transporting freight from Sheboygan to Fond du Lac 75 per cent. But a new era is just dawn- 
 ing in tlie improvement of the Fox River between Winnebago Lake and Green Bay. which must 
 result in advantages to the city and county of Fond du Lac far greater than any other improve- 
 ment either accomplished or contemplated. " 
 
 "In forming an estimation of the future of Fond du Lac County," continues the writer, 
 "some guidance may be found in the brief records of the past ; the actual enumerations taken 
 at the different periods show clearly that the increase of its population has been by no wild panic 
 rush, but by an ever-increasing stream. In 1840, the number of its inhabitants was 189 ; in 
 1842, the number was 205 ; in June, 1846, it was 3,544 ; in December, 1847, it had increased 
 to 7,459 ; in June, 1850, to 15,448 ; and it is confidently believed that at the present time 
 [1854] it is more than 30,000. 
 
 " It is now [1854] about ten years since the Indians were removed from this county. Up 
 to that time, there wei-e only a few scattering pioneer settlements of a few individuals. In the 
 short space of ten years the inhabitants have multiplied to probably more than 30,000. In 
 1850, the real estate was valued at $1,473,197 ; personal, at $32,956 ; total, $1,606,153. 
 Since that period, the property has undoubtedly more than doubled ; and the rapid progress of 
 public improvements and individual enterprise warrants the belief that, if there should be no 
 providential calamity or revulsion of business, both population and wealth will increase for the 
 next decade at least as fast as that of the past." 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 437 
 
 A TERRIBLE DISASTER. 
 
 On the 12th day of October, 1859, one thousand people from Chicago, Janesville, Water- 
 town and other places along the line of the Chicago & North- Western Railway reached the city 
 of Fond du Lac. They came in twenty-five passenger cars, the occasion being the celebration 
 of the completion of the road from Chicago to Fond du Lac. A banquet was had at the Lewis 
 House ; every house and street in the city was illuminated, and a grand ball was given in Amory 
 Hall, then the most elegant finished place of entertainment in this part of the State. 
 
 An eye-witness says : " As the noble span of iron horses drew the twenty-five cars proudly 
 into Fond du Lac, no town, I think, could look more beautiful. It was thoroughly illuminated. 
 It seemed that not a window had been neglected. The long streets, up and down, at right 
 angles, were walled on either side with a sheet of pearly light, sending up a soft shine over the 
 whole city, blending with the subdued moonlight, through the slight haze and mild atmosphere 
 of Indian summer, in a fine mellow glare that was enchanting. 
 
 " The Zouave Cadets, preceeded by the Chicago Light Guard Band, were escorted through 
 the streets by the Fond du Lac Fire Department, with torch-lights. The cadets are a company 
 of much more merit than most youthful military bands possess. Their uniform is partially of 
 the Turkish costume. 
 
 " Main street was thronged with people and vehicles, having more the appearance of Broad- 
 way than any other street that I have ever seen in th« West. 
 
 " The tallest kind of a supper was in readiness at the Lewis House and over three hundred 
 partook of it. Mr. Ewen, the landlord, was quite efficient in making all comfortable who could 
 get under the roof of his spacious house, though the regular beds were all given up to the ladies. 
 About one-third of the excursion party were ladies. AH the hotels were filled 'jam full.' 
 
 " The committee of arrangements, in behalf of the citizens of Fond du Lac, provided for all 
 who were the invited guests of the railroad, free of charge, and when the hotels could hold no 
 more, we were packed away in private houses and churches. It fell to my lot to get room to 
 indulge in a horizontal position at Plymouth Church, where a hundred or so of us went to sleep 
 ' after the revel was done,' as quick as if a person had been discoursing. 
 
 " The ball at Amory Hall was well enjoyed, and rather too well attended for the dance to 
 go off easily. All who had tickets of invitation to the excursion were admitted to the ball free, 
 so there was not a sufficient general acquaintance among those attending to relieve it of its 
 awkwardness. And then some of the cadets who were quite soldierly in the street, at the ball 
 reminded me of supernumeraries in the grand ball of the Capulets. The music by the Light 
 (xuard Band, of Chicago, was as fine as ever I heard in a ballroom. Amory Hall has, without 
 question, the most elegantly finished interior of any hall in the State, and is one of the largest 
 and loftiest. 
 
 " The main expense of the whole affair, as far as Fond du Lac was concerned, was defrayed 
 by her own citizens, and their endeavors, for the most part, showed excellent taste." 
 
 On Tuesday morning, November 1, 600 people in twelve coaches, left Fond du Lac to 
 return the visit of the Chicagoans. At Watertown, two more coaches were added and more 
 passengers were taken aboard. Although the cars were crowded, it was a happy throng. The 
 train was running slowly, at a rate of speed not exceeding ten miles per hour. When eight 
 miles below Watertown, a heavy ox which was drinking near the unfenced track, frightened at 
 the approaching train, sprang directly in front of it and was caught in a culvert. The pilot of 
 the locomotive struck the firmly fastened obstruction instead of pushing under it and the locomo- 
 tive and five cars were thrown from the track. A scene of indescribable confusion, horror and 
 suffering, instantly supplanted mirth and gayety. No one could tell how many lives were lost, 
 for there were at least 200 persons in the demolished cars, from the wreck of which it did not 
 appear possible fori)ne of them to escape alive. T. F. Strong. Sr., at once sent his son, Timothy 
 
 * Althongh this disaster occurred in another county, it ia a part of the History of Fon 1 du Lac, because it reaultel in the de ith of seren 
 of its citizens. 
 
438 HISTORY OF FOND 1)L' LAO COUXTY. 
 
 F., to Watertown for physicians, liquor, bandages, beds and assistance. Young Mr. Strong 
 appropriated without permission the first horse and vehicle he could find, and ran them to 
 Watertown, where a gravel train just unloaded was found. He made known his errand, and the 
 cars were soon laden with everything the village contained that would be of service on such an 
 occasion. He then telegraphed to the Chicago ofl[ice. Fourteen were actually killed or died soon 
 after, of whom seven were from Fond du Lac. These were Major .J. Thomas, United States 
 Marshal, who was plunged into a mud-hole and held there by the wreck until he drowned ; 
 Timothy L. Gillet, one of the first directors of the road, who was crushed, torn in twain and 
 disemboweled ; Jerome Mason, express agent and telegraph operator, who was thrown across 
 the stove at the middle of his body and burned in a most shocking manner, and only recognized 
 by his boots ; John Boardman and Isadore Snow, carpenters, who were both instantly killed ; 
 Edward H. Sickles, a book-binder, who had the lower portion of his body crushed, and who lived 
 several hours : Van Buren Smead, of tlie Democratic Press, who had his skull fractured, and 
 did not die until November 29. The balance of those killed were four from Oshkosh, and three 
 from Watertown and other places. Those from Fond du Lac who were seriously injured were 
 Robert Flint, Mrs. R. M. Lewis, Mrs. James Kinney, Mrs. John Radford, Edward Beeson, J. 
 Q. GriiEth, James W. Partridge, A. D. Bonesteel ; others were bruised and cut. 
 
 Strangely enough. Dr. A. D. Raymond had a presentiment that something would happen, 
 and took with him a case of surgical instruments and lint, as did also Dr. T. S. Wright. The 
 Fond du Lac Oommonwealth of November 2, said: 
 
 " The smash-up took place in the woo'ds, on low, marshy ground, there being a deep ditch 
 on each side filled with water. The engine and cars that left the track were plunged into the 
 water, mud and soft ground, and not less than three cars were utterly demolished — a mass of 
 splinters above the body of the car, and the strong frames driven deep into the earth. There 
 were seven cars filled to a jam that did not get thrown from the track or any person injured on 
 them save those who were standing on the platform. * * * In one minute after the crash, 
 we never saw a cooler set of men, or a band of more heroic women. They leaped to the work 
 of saving others with remarkable effectiveness, and it seemed but a few moments before all were 
 dragged from the ruins, the dead decently cared for, and the wounded made far more comfort- 
 able than one would conceive possible in such a location. The cushioned seats of cars laid upon 
 doors made passable beds, while the ladies' skirts were freely stripped to make bandages for the 
 wounded." Johnson's Creek, about eighty rods south of the culvert where the accident hap- 
 pened, was then called Belleville, hence the casualty is known as the " Belleville Disaster." 
 
 /< 
 
 ^ •— $^Q_l5,(|fe_'!' '^ <f ? aA^- ^ 
 
 VS 
 
 TO 
 
CHAPTEE VI. 
 
 The Press of Fond du Lac County — Sore of Fond du Lac County's Illustrious Dead — 
 An "IS'DiAN Scare"— First Things— County Statistics— Prosperity of the County- 
 Political Parties— RipoN College. 
 
 THE PRESS OF FOND DU LAC COUXTY. 
 
 Fond du Lac County has always been blessed with newspapers of more than ordinary 
 ability, influence and respectability. The general intelligence and prosperity of a communitv 
 may be fairly measured by the character of the newspapers published therein, and the liberality 
 with which they are supported. An intelligent, thrifty and enterprising community demands 
 newspapers of the same attributes, and sooner or later that demand is always supplied. Fond 
 du Lac has not been in advance of her newspapers, from the days of the first Journal and 
 Whig, down to the present publications, and possibly has not been up to them in liberality and 
 enterprise. The village had very good local newspapers before it contained a church or a Court 
 House, and very soon after the first schoolhouse was erected within the present city limits. They 
 have kept fully up to an excellent standard eversince ; always praising and pointing out to the world, 
 without money or price, the advantages of soil, health, climate, location, growth, society, edu- 
 cation, culture and enterprise of the place ; inciting new improvements and enterprises, where 
 they did not already exist, and wielding, in the case of one or two of them at least, a strong 
 influence in shaping political and State, as well as local, affairs. They have, therefore, played a 
 very important part in the development and growth of the locality and the State, and the best 
 history would rightly be considered far from complete if it contained no accounts of the various 
 newspaper publications of Fond du Lac. In the sketches which follow, those are the most 
 liberally treated of whose files were the most perfect and afforded the most material. Many 
 volumes of the different newspapers have been destroyed, lost or borne away by those interested 
 in their publication or the history they contain. This necessarily abbreviates the histories of 
 some of them, although the most that is worth recording and preserving in pages like these has 
 been obtained and verified. 
 
 The Fond du Lac Journal. — Followed through all its manifold changes of name and pro- 
 prietors, the Fond du Lac Journal is the oldest paper in Fond du Lac County. On the 1st day 
 of October, 1846. the Journal made its appearance. It was six-column folio, printed on mate- 
 rial brought by John 0. Henning, now of Hudson, Wis.,- and Eli Hooker, now of Waupun, 
 from Ithica, N. Y. As the Territory of Wisconsin was under Democratic administration, the 
 paper was devoted to the advocacy of the principles of that party, although Mr. Hooker w;is a 
 Whig. The county then contained about 3, .500 inhabitants, and the paper was meagerly pat- 
 ronized, though all who were able did what they could to sustain it. Henning & Hooker contin- 
 ued together until March 23, 1847, when Mr. Hooker purchased an interest in the Whig, with 
 J. M. Gillet, and Edward Beeson, a practical printer, took his place and proprietary interest in 
 the Journal. 
 
 In July, 1848, Mr. Beeson purchased his partner's interest in the business and became 
 editor and .sole proprietor of the paper. He continued to manage its publication in a moderate 
 and dignified manner, compelled, however, to use the utmost economy in all financial matters, 
 until March 23. 184!>, when he sold the whole establishment to John A. Eastman, now of Benton 
 Harbor, Mich., and Alfred A. White. On June 22 of the same year, the Journal was enlarged 
 by Eastman & White to a seven-column folio, and improved by the addition of some new type. 
 The new type evidently was purchased in Milwaukee, for in that issue was printed this : " We 
 
440 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 have been to Milwaukee on the stage-road, and must say that we never saw such horrible roads 
 in all our experience. From one end of the road to the other, it was a succession of stumps, 
 stones, logs, ditches, mud-holes, log-bridges, etc. We broke our wagon twice, tore our horses' 
 shoes off and pounded our bones until we were blue. " The editor appears to have been mollified 
 after reaching Milwaukee, for he declared in the same article that the city " is improving very 
 fast — her growth has been unparalleled, * * * fjjg j^jj] jg covered with beautiful 
 
 residences, many of brick, and all show the progressive spirit of the age. Milwaukee is des- 
 tined to be one of the largest cities in the West. Her location insures this." 
 
 The historian does not need to testify that the editor proved to be a wise prophet. 
 
 The Joiirnnl at this time contained over thirteen columns of advertisements. In its issue 
 of June 29, it " tooted its own horn," as the Whig paper remarked, by announcing in big type 
 that the Journal was " the largest paper, and had the largest circulation of any in Northern 
 Wisconsin," and $30 would buy a column advertisement in it for a year. It also contained an 
 article hetcheling Zachary Taylor, the new Whig President, because he had turned out Demo- 
 cratic oflRce-holders and appointed men of his own party in their places. Sam Ryan, of the 
 Republican, now editor of the Appleton Crescent, recent Democratic candidate for Secretary of 
 State, had just been appointed Postmaster of Fond du Lac, and he came in for a good share of 
 the punishment. The same issue was graced by an elegant obituary notice of James K. Polk, 
 who had died a few months after retiring from the Presidency. A few issues later on, evidences of 
 such newspaper fights as occur in modern journalism, appear in the cry of '" lie," and 
 "falsifier," against the Repuhlicari. At the same time the Journal calmly published the list of 
 unclaimed letters, signed by Sam Ryan, editor of the Republican, as Postmaster. 
 
 In August, September, and during the fall, the paper was given up to political news and 
 discussions quite as much as now, and political parties appeared to be as numerous. Calls were 
 issued in the Journal for Democratic, Union Democratic, Whig, Free-Soil and Independent con- 
 ventions, and the proceedings of each, with the nominations, were published. In the Journal 
 of September 28, 1849, appeared a letter from Mr. D. Lamb, in the town of Rosendale, 
 describing how a black bear, weighing 400 pounds, was killed by himself and the neighbors in 
 his grove. 
 
 The issue of October 12 contained a brief account of the suicide of Ira Church, and the 
 dissolution notice of Eastman & White. The paper was thereafter published by Eastman & 
 Beeson, Edward Beeson having become possessed of the half-interest in the establishment owned 
 by Mr. White. The issue of October 12 also contained over two columns of the county delin- 
 quent tax list. On November 9 was published the proceedings had by a large meeting of the citizens 
 to consider the matter of a plank road from Fond du Lac to Milwaukee, and the next issue was 
 liberally devoted to the proceedings of a meeting held at Watertown, by the officers of the 
 Beloit k Taycheedah Railroad, a line of railway which existed only on some maps that were 
 pronounced to be " beautifully drawn," but which was being energetically pushed by the leading 
 citizens of Fond du Lac to something more tangible. 
 
 The issue of March S, 1850, had an amusing account of how the charter election of the 
 village of Fond du Lac, which was to have been held on Monday, the 4th of the month, was 
 entirely forgotten by the busy people, and no election was held. 
 
 On the 26th of April, 1850, the t/owrwaZ announced in large type that John B. Macy,who 
 was then in New York, had negotiated a loan of $1,000,000 with which to build the Rock River 
 Valley Railroad. 
 
 On the 29th of May, 1851, Mr. Beeson again became editor and sole proprietor by pur- 
 chasing John A. Eastman's interest. He continued alone in the business until June 23, 1853, 
 when M. J. Thomas (son-in-law to John B. Macy, afterward U. S. Marshal, and killed in the 
 Bellville disastei% who was not a practical printer), exchanged a half-interest in the National 
 Democrat, which establishment he had just purchased, for an equal interest in the Journal. 
 The firm name then became Beeson & Thomas, with M. J. Thomas, editor, and the two papers 
 were merged under the name of the Fond du Lac Union. It was one column wider than the 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 441 
 
 •Journal, having eight columns to the page. The first number appeared June 24, 1853. The 
 reason for the change appeared in the following extract from the editorial announcement in the 
 initial number : 
 
 " It is well known to our readers that for some two or three years a species of family quar- 
 rel has existed in the ranks of the Democratic party of this city and county. This quarrel has 
 gradually gained strencpth until now it threatens to defeat the success of the party. * * The 
 time has arrived when we have either to restore harmony in our ranks, or suffer defeat." 
 
 The article goes on to recite how each paper, the National Democrat and the Journal, was 
 the organ of a different faction in the party, and expressed the belief that the union of the two 
 papers would unite the two contending factions, saying : 
 
 " Believing that such a union and the establishment of such a paper will materially aid in 
 harmonizing and securing the ascendency of our party, we have united the Journal and the 
 Democrat, and substituted therefor the Fond du Lac Union." 
 
 The paper was liberally adorned with thrifty looking advertisements and would be a credit- 
 able paper for the Fond du Lac of to day. It was published over Baker Brothers & Hoskin's 
 store, on Main street, which was the building then located where Robert A. Baker's bank now 
 stands. 
 
 When Mr. Beeson entered into partnership with M. J. Thomas, he made it a part of the 
 contract that if the matter was not satisfactory to him at the end of one year, the partnership 
 should be dissolved. Therefore, in the last issue of the first year of the Union, June 15, 1854, 
 a notice of dissolution was published, Mr. Beeson selling out to Mr. Thomas. The change was 
 owing to differences of opinion on certain important topics. This was noticeable to the public 
 through the differing editorials signed respectively "B." or " M. J. T.," as the case might be. 
 Mr. Beeson continued three months in the office to settle up its business, and on July 27, 1854, 
 Andrew J. Reed, of Buffalo, N. Y., purchased an interest in the establishment, and the paper 
 was then published by Thomas & Reed. In the fall of this year, the Unioyi published the tax 
 notice of the count3% and was well filled with advertisements. June 21, 1855,- a new "head" 
 ■was purchased for the paper and the make-up was changed. February 7, 1856, A. J . Reed 
 sold his interest to M. J. Thomas, but remained a short time as associate editor, as Mr. Thomas 
 was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention which nominated James Buchanan for 
 President. 
 
 On Saturday, March 8, 1856, the Daily Union was begun by M. J. Thomas as proprietor, 
 Thomas & Reed, editors. Mr. Reed continued with the paper only one week. The publication 
 was a five-column folio, and contained fourteen columns of advertisements, mostly taken from 
 the Weekly Union, and were a source, therefore, of very little profit. Mr. Thomas announced 
 at the beginning that he expected to do the extra work of the first year for nothing in order to 
 place the daily upon a paying basis. This paying basis could not be reached, although a very 
 good paper was published, and the matter used in the daily was transferred to the weekly, thus 
 lessening the expense of that publication; and on November 13th of that year — the next week 
 after election — the Daily Union was suspended. February 12, 1857, S. C. Chandler, of the 
 Beaver Dam Republican, purchased an interest in the Union, and the firm then became 
 " Thomas & Chandler, editors and proprietors." 
 
 July 13 of the same year, W. H. Brooks, who entered the rebellion afterward and 
 became a confederate officer, purchased Mr. Chandler's interest, and became one of the editors 
 and proprietors. In January, 1858, the Union was transferred to Augustus L. Smith, a 
 nephew of ex-Gov. Horatio Seymour, and now a prominent citizen of Appleton. He managed 
 the business until May 22, 1858, when the whole establishment was sold to Samuel M. Smead, 
 who is still a resident of Fond du Lac. The next week. May 29, the Union was merged with 
 the Journal into the Democratic Press. The old type of both papers was discarded and new 
 material throushout purchased. The firm which published the Democratic Press consisted of 
 S. M. and Van B. Smead and T. F. Strong, Jr. 
 
442 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The Journal here mentioned as being merged with the Union into the Democratic Press,. 
 was started by Van B. Smead and J. Beeson (the latter a brother to Edward Beeson, who is 
 now the editor of the Wisconsin Farmer), February 21, 1857. It was a handsomely prepared 
 and neat appearing sheet, price $1.50 per year in advance. The first number contained the 
 delin((uent tax list of Calumet County. To publish this tax list (Calumet County had no paper 
 then), was one of the main reasons why this paper, taking the name of the Journal, was 
 started. It contained, during two and one-half months, a story entitled " Meadowdale," writ- 
 ten by Van B. Smead, which attracted considerable local attention, and was considered a very 
 pleasant story. May 16, 1857, Mr. Beeson sold his interest, and, July 25, the names of Van 
 B. Smead, A. J. Rockwell and T. F. Strong, Jr., appeared at the head as editors and proprie- 
 tors. In October, Mr. Rockwell sold out to his partners, who continued the Journal until May 
 22, 1858, and the next week afterward it was merged with the Union into the De7nocratic 
 Press. 
 
 The Democratic Press, by S. M. and V. B. Smead and T. F. Strong, Jr., was printed on 
 new type and made a fine appearance. S. M. Smead was editor. As Mr. Strong was General 
 Passenger Agent of what is now the Wisconsin Division of the Chicago & North- Western Rail- 
 way, on February 23, 1859, he sold his interest to the Smead brothers. The paper secured the 
 official printing of the city and county, and the Government printing for the Wisconsin Land 
 Office. 
 
 On the 1st of November, 1859, Van B. Smead was injured at the Belleville disaster, which 
 happened to the first excursion train ever run out of Fond du Lac, and on December 21. died, 
 in the Planter's Hotel, at Watertown, Wis., of those injuries, aged twenty-three years. 
 
 His brother, S. M. Smead, then became editor and proprietor, continuing as such until 
 November 20, 1861, when he sold the establishment to T. F. Strong, Jr. He continued as 
 editor of the paper until January 4, 1862, when Mr. Strong issued a sheet with complete new 
 dress and new style of make-up and typographical arrangement. The paper remained the same 
 in size, but had six wide, instead of the seven ordinary columns, not a black or large letter in it, 
 and was set, advertisements and all, after the most stylish manner of the New York Herald. 
 Copies of it have been preserved as specimens of the finest paper in appearance and elegant 
 make-up ever printed in Wisconsin. Under the head and extending nearly across the page, 
 were the words: " Conducted by Tim. Follette Strong." Mr. Strong had, in addition to him- 
 self, a local, political and managing editor, and every article, advertisement and line was prepared 
 with the utmost care and elegance. It was an elephant, financially, and up to May 28, 1862, 
 when Edward Beeson purchased the entire establishment, sunk over $4,000, Mr. Beeson sold a 
 one-half interest immediately after purchasing the Democratic Press from Mr. Strong, to King- 
 man Flint, now deceased, and son of the late Robert Flint, who sold again in August to S. D. 
 Stanchfield, a lawyer. In September, Mr. Beeson sold his interest to A. P. Swineford, now of 
 the Marquette, (Mich.) Mining Journal, the firm becoming, September 17, Swineford & Stanch- 
 field. In January, 1864, Mr. Swineford discontinued the Oshkosh Review, to which he had been 
 giving some attention for a year, and purchased Mr. Stanchfield's interest in the Democratic 
 Press, the material in both offices being consolidated at Fond du Lac. This was during the 
 rebellion, and the Press was aonsidered a pretty " hot " papel", strongly Democratic. February 
 7, 1865, a Daily Press, a four-column folio, was begun, of which Martin H. Crocker, now a 
 lawyer of Ishpeming, Mich., was associate editor. In June. 1865, Thomas J. Goodwin bought 
 a half-interest in the Press, but sold it again to Mr. Swineford in November. In 1855, Mr. 
 Swineford went to Canada, where he remained, operating in oil and mining until August, 1866, 
 during which time James H. Lambert and A. C. Palmer were left in charge of the Press. In 
 September, 1866, James Swineford, afterward Chief of Police of Fond du Lac, purchased a 
 half-interest in the paper, and soon after, while A. P. Swineford was in Canada, took complete 
 possession of the office on account of a debt, and discontinued the paper. When he purchased 
 the first half-interest a large power press was ordered, which arrived at the depot in Fond du 
 Lac all right, but not being taken out or paid for, was sent back to the manufactory. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DF LAC COUNTY. 443 
 
 The city and county were then without a Democratic paper until Thursday, May 2, 1867, 
 when Edward Beeson started the paper under the old name, that of the Journal. It was begun 
 as a seven-column folio, and enlarged September 30, 1869, to nine columns. December 15, 
 
 1870, Michael Bohaii came from West Bend, where he had been for twelve years Clerk of the 
 County Board, and purchased a one-half interest in the Journal, taking possession January 5, 
 
 1871. In the fall of 1871, Mr. Beeson was elected County Treasurer by the Democrats, and 
 as the duties of the ofiBce demanded his attention, he sold his interest in the newspaper to Mr. 
 Bohan, who, on the 26th of August, 1872, began the publication of the Daily Journal, in sup- 
 port of Horace Greeley for President. S. D. (Pump) Carpenter, now publishing a paper in 
 Missouri, was political editor at a salary of $100 per month, and T. F. Strong, Jr., local editor. 
 Mr. Carpenter remained just one month, being too costly for the enterprise, and the daily was 
 discontinued January 2, 1873. On September 11, 1873, Mr. Bohan sold the Journal to Tim. 
 F. Strong, Jr., and James Russell, the firm becoming " Strong & Russell, editors and pro- 
 proprietors." They changed the form of the paper May 7, 1874, to a six-column quarto, and 
 published it in an entirely new dress. In its new form it was a handsome paper and its selec- 
 tions were the choicest to be had. The paper was conducted with marked success under this 
 management for a period of fifteen months. The publishers were also interested in the Star 
 Book and Job Printing Office, which was opened by Homer G. Leonard, the firm being 
 Leonard, Russell & Strong. The latter concern became badly involved about this time, and the 
 Journal owners were forced to consolidate the paper with the job office to save their interest 
 therein, under a joint-stock organization, which obtained a charter and assumed charge of both 
 offices, January, 187-5, under the name of the Star Printing Company, with a capital stock of 
 .$21,000. Mr. Russell was placed in editorial charge of the Journal under this new arrange- 
 ment, and Mr. Leonard was given the position of manager of the mechanical department. H. 
 H. Dodd undertook the financial management, but shortly became dissatisfied with his duties, 
 resigned, and was succeeded by L. Q. Olcott, Esq. Becoming again involved in consequence 
 of the business stagnation which settled on all business industries shortly afterward, the office 
 was sold in July, 1879, to Mr. L. W. Saiford, who immediately leased the property to Messrs. 
 Russell & Olcott, who continued the publication' of the Journal until the succeeding January, 
 having in the mean time established a flourishing daily, the Morning Journal, in connection 
 with their weekly. In January, Mr. Olcott retired from the connection, leaving Mr. Russell sole 
 publisher of the Journal, and proprietor of the job office connected with it, under whose 
 management both are now conducted. 
 
 The Journal has been the official paper of the county longer than any of its cotemporaries 
 and has always been Democratic in politics. 
 
 The Fond du Lac Whig. — On Monday, December 14, 1846, the first number of the 
 Fond du Lac Whig made its appearance, James Monroe Gillet, editor and publisher. Its place 
 of publication was in the second story of Lyman Bishop's building, situated on the corner of 
 Main and Third streets. This building now stands near by on the north side of Third street, 
 and is used for a dwelling. Hiram Morley, now of the Oshkosh Standard, was foreman of the 
 office. 
 
 The Wliig was a five-column folio, 20x27 inches in size, printed in brevier type. The 
 first number contained seventeen and one-half columns of reading matter and two and one-half 
 columns of advertisements. The reading matter treated of the Mexican war, then in progress ; 
 the Constitutional Convention, then in session at Madison ; contained a pyramid of Whig 
 States, consisting of Ohio, Maine, Florida, Vermont, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, 
 New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, North 
 Carolina and New York ; an enunciation of ''true Whig" principles; description of the new 
 and wonderful Morse telegraphic instruments ; the probable complexion of Congress ; news of 
 the horrible sufferings in Ireland from famine; a poem — " The Unknown Way " — by William 
 Cullen Bryant; an account of a preliminary meeting to consider the Fox River improvement, 
 held at the Court House ; original poetry by " W; " a stab at Gov. Dodge for refusing to 
 
444 HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 adjourn the Constitutional Convention over Thanksgiving Day ; receipts of the Green Bay 
 Land Office ; a warning against counterfeit bills on Indiana State banks ; a very full account of 
 the exchange of prisoners of war with Mexico, and how the soldiers fared ; some miscellaneous 
 matter and the editorial announcement. From this announcement is taken the following 
 extract : 
 
 " In assuming the control of a public journal, even though it be humble as our own, we 
 feel it is not without its responsibility. It is at all times not only proper but necessary that 
 parties should have political papers devoted to their support and advancement ; but no party 
 has a right to claim of any journal a blind support of all men and all measures. Happily, tlie 
 party to which we belong, and whicli lias our whole energies and most hearty wishes, requires of 
 uo man, of no press, an unscrupulous support of any man or any measure. It acknowledges 
 no watchword but the public good ; no law but that of reason. It calls upon all men to read, 
 to think for themselves. It asks no support from men who do not in tlieir hearts believe Whig 
 principles are the sui-e foundations of our political institutions. It asks all for principle, 
 nothing for men. It lias no political opinions for a particular locality, but it aims at the pro- 
 motion of those well-defined principles equally applicable to the North, the South, the East and 
 the West, and which have been the landmarks of the party from its organization till now. 
 Devoted alone to the welfare of the republic, it acknowledges no leaders ; yields subjection to 
 no regencies ; is not the victim of clans or designing men, but presses straightforward in the 
 old beaten track, forsaken by the aspiring, ambitious, unscrupulous men who would rule or 
 ruin. . Political aspirants and demagogues who would control all, who have personal advance- 
 ment and the spoils for their motto, find no favor in its ranks, and have learned long since to 
 seek an asylum in other folds. 
 
 " Confident that the best interests of the country are involved in the success of Whig 
 principles and the Whig party, we shall lend our feeble aid to their advancement, expecting no 
 reward but the consciousness of having done our duty. 
 
 "Our paper will be conducted independently of bias or devotion to men. We shall do what 
 shall seem to us right, and, if we err, let it be remembered that that is but human. We do not 
 expect to be without faults, and only ask the same candor in criticism of our course which we 
 would cheerfully extend to others. 
 
 " Our flag is already in the breeze. The name of our paper indicates its politics. Our 
 course will be independent." 
 
 The advertising patronage was meager indeed, the whole number of paid announcements, 
 cards and advertisements, numbering seventeen, beside Mr. Gillet's card as a lawyer and an 
 appeal for wood. 
 
 Local matter received very little attention, doubtless because there were very few local mat- 
 ters of importance to attend to. 
 
 The general make-up of the publication, the ability of its articles and its typographical 
 appearance would compare favorably with the weeklies of to-day. 
 
 The paper was liberally taken by the citizens of the village and vicinity, but the other 
 sources of income, such as job work, legal publishing and advertising, did not reach a prodigious 
 size. 
 
 On the 2.5th of March, 1847, Mr. Eli Hooker left the Journal because that paper was 
 Democratic and he was a W^hig, and bought a half-interest of Mr. Gillet in the Whig. The 
 paper was then published by Gillet & Hooker, editors and proprietors. The paper continued 
 under their management, with better satisfiction to its patrons than its proprietors, until October 
 l-:5, 1847, when the firm of Gillet &, Hooker dissolved by consent, the paper appearing October 
 21, with Mr. Gillet as editor and proprietor. He announced that it was his intention to enlarge 
 and improve the Whig if those indebted to the concern would square up. At the same time, 
 however, there appeared over Mr. Gillet's signature the announcement that the type and furni- 
 ture of the Whig would be sold at auction or private sale on the 10th day of the following 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 445 
 
 December. The advertising patronage had begun to increase and consisted of eleven and one- 
 half columns of "live ads" — more than one half of the entire space of the paper. The paper 
 continued on until Monday, November 22, on which day the last number of the Whig 
 appeared. 
 
 The real cause of its suspension was a difference between Mr. Gillet and Mr. Hooker on 
 financial as well as other matters, in the final adjustment of which Mr. Gillet retained the name, 
 franchise, good will and subscription of the office, and Mr. Hooker took the material, which he 
 moved to Waupun, and used in starting a job office. Among the lawyers who advertised them- 
 selves in the Whig at the tiaie of its demise, were Timothy 0. Howe, then of Oshkosh, now of 
 Green Bav ; Drury & Eastman (Erastus W. Drury and John A. Eastman), Gillet &; Tompkins 
 (J. M. Gillet and C. M. Tompkins), S. S. N. Fuller and A. L. Williams, of Fond du Lac ; C'. 
 W. Washburn (Howe & Washburn), and C. E. P. Hobart, Oshkosh ; S. W. Beall, Taycheedah, 
 and J. J. Brown, Waupun. 
 
 Benjamin F. Moore, now proprietor of the extensive La Belle Wagon Works, advertised 
 pine lumber; J. C. Lowell, now proprietor of the bus line, was "fashionable tailor;" Dr. Elliot 
 Brown and Isaac Orvis (Oakfield) were distressed over strayed cows; A. G. Ruggles, now Pres- 
 ident of the First National Bank, and F. F. Davis had dissolved partnership ; D. R. Curran 
 had pills, patent medicines and plasters, and pure wines and liquors for medicinal purposes ; 
 Peter V. Sang spoke of his land office at Seven Mile Creek ; J. L. Ault could shoe horses, and 
 shoes them still on Third street ; L. J. Farwell & Co. had hardware ; Capt. A. J. Langworthy, 
 now of the Milwaukee State Journal, had a machine-shop at Milwaukee ; Lyman Bishop adver- 
 tised harnesses, and Gibson & Wright a drug store. 
 
 The market report, prices being governed almost wholly by Milwaukee, showed wheat to be 
 worth 52 cents; oats, 20 cents; flour, $-3.25 per cwt.; pork. $2.50 per cwt.; potatoes, 31 cents 
 and scarce; eggs, 20 to 22 cents; "good butter," 1-3 cents; venison, 6 cents and abundant; 
 chickens, 25 cents per pair; partridges, 10 cents each; beef, 3 cents per pound, alive; lard, 5 
 ■cents ; corn, 31 cents ; apples, green, $1 per bushel, and barley, 20 cents. 
 
 Among the marriage notices were those of John J. Driggs, merchant, to Elvira Olmsted, 
 of Middlebury, Vt., at Fond du Lac, January 1, 1847 ; at the same time and place, Tracy P. 
 Bingham, druggist, to Martha S., eldest daughter of J. J. Driggs; at Waupun, in January, 
 Rev. W. G. Miller, of Fond du Lac, to Mary E. Brown, of Waupun ; at Fond du Lac, January 
 9. Robert Wilson to Rachael M. Bevier ; March 10, Lyman Bishop, of Fond du Lac, to Maria 
 S. Probart, of Le Roy, Wis.; at De Pere, March 11, Charles D. Robinson, of the Green Bay 
 Advocate, to Sarah A. Wilcox; at Green Bay, June 1, Sam Ryan, Jr., of the Repahlican, to 
 Laura F. Knappen, of Plattsburg, N. Y.; on September 24, at Sheboygan, William Farnsworth, 
 of Sheboygan, to Mrs. Martha Farnsworth, of Racine ; at Fond du Lac, September 20, James 
 B. Clock to Eliza Simmons; at Ithaca, N. Y., October 5, D. R. Curran, of Fond du Lac, to 
 Eveline Stoddard, of Ithaca ; at Janesville, July 7, Edward V. Whiten (afterward Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin), to Miss Amurett Dimock ; at Madison, July 5, John 
 Y. Smith, editor of the Wisconsin Argus, to Miss Harriet Wright. 
 
 The Whig was James Monroe Gillet's first and only newspaper venture. But, from the 
 ability, dignity and clear-headedness displayed in this volume, it is fair to suppose, had he con- 
 tinued in the editorial business, he would have become as eminent in that profession as he after- 
 ward did in the law. 
 
 The Fond du Lac Republican. — On the 6th day of January, 1848, Mr. Sam Ryan, now 
 editor of the Appleton Cresent, began the publication, in the village of Fond du Lac of the Fond 
 du Lac Republican, in the interest of the Whig party. He had been publishing the Green Bay 
 Republican, but at the suspension of the Whig by Gillet & Hooker, was sent for by Moses Gib- 
 son, John Bannister, Edgar Conklin, and others, who desired another paper to take its place. Mr. 
 Ryan promptly rfesponded, as Fond du Lac was considered one of the most promising villages in 
 the Territory, moving his whole establishment from Green Bay. The sturdy old Washington hand 
 press on which the Republican was printed was first used by H. 0. Sholes, now of Lawrence, 
 
446 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Kan., in the publication of the Green Bay Republican in 1841. It was destroyed by fire at OcontOy 
 Wis., in the year 1856. The paper was given about the same patronage as had been given the 
 Whig before it, and received more as it grew older. In July, 1850 — two and one-half years 
 after its establishment — the name of the paper was changed from Republican to Fountain City, 
 Fond du Lac then being known as the '' Fountain City,'' although it was but a village with 
 a village charter. Although the paper had every appearance of thrift, its publication was not a 
 paying business, and in order to keep it running several of the prominent property holders — three 
 of whom are mentioneil above — made up purses for Mr. Ryan at different times. But this was 
 satisfactory to neither Mr. Ryan nor the donors, and the Republican, or Fountain City, was discon- 
 tinued in December, 1850, and Mr. Ryan returned to Green Bay to manage the Spectator. It was 
 not a paying publication from its first to its last issue, although a creditable paper to the place 
 and the profession. Mr. Ryan was a Democratic candidate for Secretary of State at the election 
 held November 4, 1879, but was defeated. He was Postmaster of Fond du Lac from April, 
 1849 to October, 1850, having been appointed by the Whig President, Zachary Taylor. While 
 he was Postmaster, William McGee was the ostensible editor of the paper. 
 
 The Fond du Lac Patriot. — On the 30th of April, 1851, John D. Hyman began the 
 publication, in the village of Fond du Lac, of the Fond du Lac Patriot, a seven-column folio, 
 which advocated the principles of "genuine Democracy." He had moved from Northern 
 Alabama and settled in Oshkosh, starting a Democratic paper in that city, which received little 
 patronage. He therefore brought his establishment to Fond du Lac, but the publication of his 
 paper was not attended with the necessary success. He continued it, however, until January 
 31, 1852 — nine months — when the whole concern was purchased by Amos Reed (afterward 
 appointed Secretary of Utah Territory). Mr. Reed changed the name of his paper to the 
 National Democrat on the 4th of February, 1853. He continued its publication until June, 
 1853, when he sold it to M. J. Thomas. Mr. Thomas bought an undivided half-interest in the 
 Journal of Edward Beesoii; Mr. Beeson bought a like interest in the National Democrat of Mr. 
 Thomas, and the two papers were merged immediately into the Union, Beeson & Thomas pro- 
 prietors. 
 
 The Fountain City Herald. — -On Tuesday, November 9, 1852, Mr. Royal Buck, now a 
 resident of Nebraska, began the publication of the Fountain City Herald by the use of the 
 well-worn material on which the Wisconsin Palladium had been published at Madison. It was 
 an eight-column folio, 26x38 inches in size. In his editorial bow Mr. Buck announced his 
 intention to do good and praise the Whig party rather than make money. He said : 
 
 "It has been truly said that the press is the power which moves the world. This being 
 true, how necessary that its powers, its energies and its abilities be so concentrated and wisely 
 managed as to render it truly the tyrants foe, the people's friend. When its energies and its 
 powers are brought to bear against tyranny, against vice, licentiousness, crime and the thousand 
 evils which are everywhere springing up to turn the erring feet of mortal man from the paths of 
 honor, virtue and religion, then, indeed, it is a harbinger of good, a true friend of the people, 
 however many the curses which may be heaped upon the heads of its conductors by the scape- 
 gallows, whose deformities are laid bare by the scalpel of truth. But let a venal, time-serving 
 spirit assume control of the press; let factitious demagogues subvert its power and turn it into 
 an organ attuned to sing piieans to the moneyed influence of friends or an engine of personal 
 abuse of enemies whose pecuniary interests or ambitious aspirations happen to come in conflict 
 with some idol, and its high, its noble calling is prostrated and its putrid breath is ever on the 
 breeze ready to enter into and poison every vein of the body politic, and with an unsparing 
 hand scatter broadcast the seeds of faction, strife, vice and immorality over the entire land. 
 Here then, on the broad platform of right we propose to take our stand, and, with reason for 
 our pilot and truth for our helmsman, we launch our bark." 
 
 The paper started out with seven columns of advertisements, some of them "dead" and 
 put in "to fill up," and twenty-five columns of reading matter. This was a large paper and a 
 liberal amount of reading matter for the times and the number of patrons. The reading matter 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 447 
 
 •of the first issue was devoted largely to the death of Daniel Webster, which occurred October 
 24, 1852; the result of the election of the week before for county officers, Senators, Assembly- 
 men and Congressmen; an account of the Franklin expedition and a large amount of mis- 
 •eellaneous selections. The advertisements consisted mostly of those for patent medicines, rail- 
 roads and steamboats, less than a half a dozen being local. A column was devoted to the 
 different hotels, business houses and mills of the city, which were as follows: Hotels — Lewis 
 House, James Ewen : Exchange, Badger Hotel, City Hotel, by Waldron & Scott; U. S. Cot- 
 tage, by H. P. Olds; American Hotel, by Sara Hale; Commercial Hotel, by A. S. Tripp; Ohio 
 House, by C. Grorame; Main Street Hotel, by Peter Rupp. Attorneys — Ed S. Bragg, Robert 
 Flint, John A. Eastman, D. E. Wood, W. H. Ebbetts, E. E. Ferris, I. S. Tallmadge, Jared 
 Chapell, Gillet, Truesdell & Tyler, Eldredge & Waite, Stanchfield k Hodges, R. M. Hanks, 
 Drury & Dodge, C. M. Tompkins, A. B. Davis, A. W. Paine. Physicians and Surgeons — 
 William Wiley, W. T. Galloway, J. Pantillon. R. P. Root, W. H. Walker, A. J. Towey, J. M. 
 Adams, T. S. Wright, L. Kellogg. General Stores — Sewell & Brother, D. Everett Hoskins, 
 John Bonnell, George Keyes. E. R. Ferris, A. P. Lyman, Carswell & Dee, W. A. Dewey, Brownson 
 & Laughlin, A. S. Gregory, T. Drummond, Hoyt & Rider, Case & Lowell, John Marshall, Baker 
 & Brother, James Smith, William Hughes, M. K. Stow, William Chandler, S. Kirk, W. A. Foster, 
 J. W. Carpenter, Henry Blithe and George Crawthe. Clothing Houses — J. B. Wilbor, K. Freeman, 
 Simon Madowach and T. Crowther. Drugs and Medicines — Wright & Hiner, D. R. Curran, J. 
 
 R. & J. W. Partridge. Wines and Liquors — A. Gillies, A. Meisseur, Meyers and Henry 
 
 Rahte. Boots and Shoes — P. Servatius, J. Higgs, L. D. Tyler, Mann Brothers and A. Lovett. 
 Stoves and Tinware — T. Wallace, E. Perkins, K. Gillet (i Co. Hats and Caps — H. & D. Sickles, 
 George Henning. Leather and Harness — A. Batchelder, J. H. Spencer, A. Bishop, G. W. Swift. 
 Warehouses — C. M. Tompkins, J. H. Clum, E. H. Galloway. Hardware — William Farnsworth. 
 Watchmakers and Jewelers — D. Smith, Wright & Hiner. Printing Offices — National Democrat. 
 by Amos Reed & Brother ; Journal, by Edward Beeson ; Fountain City Herald, by Royal 
 Buck. Lumber- Yards — J. C. Lewis, Gen. John Potter. T. S. Henry & Co., B. Olcott. Saloons 
 — Myron Orvis, Charles Johnson, Conklin & Lowry. Cabinet Shops — J. Barrett, Heil k 
 Nepach, Charles Blankenburg. Livery Stables — Burnham & Demy, Morris k McCarty. 
 Blacksmith-Shops — C. L. & A. Pierce, J. Ault, T. Williamson, J. Leeman. Bakeries — Henry 
 Blithe, Smith and Gibson. Paint-Shops — James Gupp, R. Spink, Gibson & Wilkins. Gun- 
 Shops — J. Fish, S. B. J. Amory. Foundry — H. B. Budlong & Co. Sash and Blind Factory 
 — Sherman Brothers. Meat Markets — Edwards k Penny, Tompkins k McChain, ■• — Cooper. 
 Exchange Bank — Darling, Wright & Co. Post Office — C. M. Tompkins. 
 
 The second week the Herald did not appear, as a heavy rain storm came on and no paper 
 was to be had in the city. The paper, however, appeai'ed regularly after that, its advertising 
 and other patronage increasing to very respectable proportions until September, 1856, when the 
 franchise, good will and subscription-book were sold to J. A. Smith, the material being jobbed 
 out to various parties, Edward Beeson purchasing about $1,000 worth. 
 
 On the 24th day of July, 1854, without much previous advertising, Mr. Buck issued a 
 daily evening edition of the Herald. It was a four-column folio, 19x26 inches in size, the 
 advertisements it contained being mostly made up from the Weekly Herald. It was continued, 
 with only a short interval once or twice, until September, 1856, when J. A. Smith, now of 
 Sheboygan Falls, bought it together with the balance of the Herald establishment. 
 
 The Western Freeman. — The first number of the Western Freeman appeared in Fond du 
 Lac October 5, 1854, J. A. Smith, now of Sheboygan Falls, editor and proprietor. The 
 material on which it was printed formerly constituted the outfit of the Sheboygan Falls Free 
 Press, and was brought by Mr. Smith from that village. It was a six-column folio, of comely 
 appearance and careful make-up, advocating " Republicanism, temperance and the Maine liijuor 
 law at $1.50 per annum, invariably in advance." It was clean, respectable and dignified, and 
 soon began to flourish as newspapers then went. Its advertising patronage increased until the 
 6th of December of the same year, when it was enlarged to a seven-column folio. It then had 
 
448 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 thirteen columns of "live" advertising matter, and was fighting strongly and boldly against 
 the Fugitive Slave Act. In its issue of January 31, 185.5, is published an article written by 
 Sherman M. Booth while in prison in Milwaukee for violating the Fugitive Slave Act. On 
 the 25th of April, Mr. Smith put at the head of his columns, " Official paper of the city," and 
 he was the first official printer under the law requiring the City Clerk to let the printing to the 
 lowest bidder, doing all the work — printing blanks as well as publishing legal notices and 
 Council proceedings — for nothing during one year. 
 
 On the 5th of May, the paper contained the first Constitution and By-Laws of the Fond 
 du Lac Agricultural Society. 
 
 On the 11th of July, 1855, the paper published an account of the trial of Sherman M. 
 Booth, at Madison, for the value of the slave Glover, at which he was convicted, the slave 
 being valued at $1,000. This verdict the Freeman denounced with unfeigned indignation, say- 
 ing: "The result, when we consider the manner in which a jury was impaneled, will not 
 surprise any one. All who had any prejudice for Mr. Booth were not allowed to be jurors, 
 while those who admitted they were prejudiced ac/ainst him were allowed to sit. Every man, 
 as we understand it, confessed himself under obligation to take the law from Judge Miller. A 
 jury trial under such a course of procedure is nothing but an aggi-avating and expensive 
 mockery. It is nothing but the dictum of Judge Miller, who is one of the meanest tools of 
 tyrannu ! A court with such a Judge is a disgrace to Wisconsin, and is fast becoming a dan- 
 gerous and intolerable nuisance." 
 
 On the 10th of January, 1856, the Freeman adopted a new style of make-up and had for 
 its motto, in letters four columns in width, " Freedom for all mankind." 
 
 The last number of the Western Freeman was published on Wednesday, September 3, 
 1856. Mr. Smith had purchased the Fountain City Herald of Royal Buck, because there was 
 " not business enough " to make two paying Whig papers, and merged the two the ne.xt week 
 into the Commonwealth. 
 
 The Fond du Lao Commonwealth. — The first number of the Fond du Lac Weekly Com- 
 monwealth appeared on Wednesday, October 15, 1856, the publication office being in Darling's 
 Block. It was theresult of the union of the Western Freeman, by J. A. Smith, now of Sheboygan 
 Falls, and the Fountain City Herald, by Royal Buck, now of Nebraska, and was published 
 by Smith &; Orvis. As the Commonivealth of the present time is a continuation of the same 
 paper without break or change of name, it is the oldest paper under an unchanged name in the 
 county, being in its twenty-seventh year from the foundation of the Western Freeman, of 
 which it is a continuation, and twenty-fourth year from the change of name to Commonwealth. 
 The paper was a seven-column folio, and had a large advertising patronage, becoming heir by 
 the consolidation to the patronage of two papers. The Daily Herald, which Mr. Buck had 
 begun before the consolidation, was continued by Mr. Smith until the fore part of 1857, when 
 it was dropped for want of paying patronage. Mr. Smith continued the weekly with a peculiar 
 ability which was satisfactory to its patrons, being his own business manager and editor, until 
 April 6, 1859. At that time. Smith & Orvis sold to Bryant & Lightbody, Mr. Smith being 
 retained by them as editor. This arrangement continued until October -31, 1860, when Mr. 
 Smith bought out Mr. Lnghtbody, the firm then becoming Smith tt Bryant. Mr. Smith was 
 editor as formerly, and Mr. Thomas Bryant, afterward proprietor of the Globe office in Fond du 
 L;ic, and now business manager of the Omaha (Neb.) Bee newspaper, was its mechanical 
 manager. 
 
 In September, 1862, occurred what was popularly called the " Indian scare," and the 
 Commonwealth furnished its trembling readers with a lengthy, entertaining and amusing 
 account of it, which was copied far and wide. It was the work of J. A. Smith, and worthy 
 the ludicrous occasion. 
 
 Files of the paper from this date ai"e missing, having been destroyed in the flood of 1869. 
 Mr. Bryant sold his share in the business to J. A. Smith a short time afterward, and, Novem- 
 ber 14, 1864, Charles H. Benton, now of the heavy firm of hardware dealers, C. H. Benton c& 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 449 
 
 Co., purchased an interest in the establishment, and the firm became Smith <& Benton, publish 
 ers of the Commonwealth at Fond du Lac and a Commonwealth at Ripon, the latter being 
 considered a " branch " of the former, and under the management of A. T. Glaze. Mr. 
 Benton made an exceeding spirited newspaper man, and succeeded in provoking a lively 
 fusilade from the opposition papers, which was pronounced at the time highly entertaining by 
 the newspaper readers of the city. January 15, 1865, Mv. Benton severed his connection with 
 the Commomvealih, and J. A. Smith became again editor and sole proprietor. 
 
 On the 1st of October, 18(56, he engaged Ed. McGlauchlin as "city editor and collector," 
 and the publication of a Daily Commomvealth was began. It was a large paper — patronizing 
 telegraph lines and well filled with good matter. Business was at its best in Fond du Lac and 
 although costly the daily was a paying investment. Mr. McGlauchlin made the local department 
 very attractive. 
 
 In March, 1868, Mr. Smith made arrangements with the publishers of the Chicago Daily Post 
 to use one side of their paper ready printed as it was issued in that city, and print the next day's 
 Commomvealth on the other side. The paper was then a nine-column sheet and full of reading 
 matter, one side being the Chicago Post — editorial, news, local and miscellaneous — and the 
 other the Fond du Lac Comviomuealth. This plan was dropped in less than a year and with it 
 the Daily Commomvealth. While thus published it was cruelly dubbed the Com-Post. In August, 
 1869, J. A. Watrous purchased the Commomvealth with Thomas B. Reid and S. S. Fifieid, 
 and on the 22 day of August, 1870, began the publication of the Fond du Lac Daily. This 
 proved to be the first successful daily paper in Fond du Lac, although the city had been blessed 
 with six other very creditable daily publications. This daily took a somewhat diiferent course, 
 devoting column after column for weeks and months to the various manufacturing industries of 
 the city, giving them and the locality more advertising than they had received before during 
 their entire existence. The managers also engaged a corps of entertaining writers, and the 
 paper very soon took an advanced position among the daily publications of the Northwest, pub- 
 lishing regularly the afternoon Associated Press dispatches. In October, 1870, Mr. Reid sold 
 his interest in the establishment, and the paper was then published by " the Commonwealth 
 Company," and soon after by .J. A. Watrous & Co. J. A. Watrous was editor, but the paper 
 had such regular contributors as C. K. Pier (a member of the Commonwealth Company), George 
 M. Steele, President of Lawrence University, and Miss Allie Arnold, now deceased. 
 
 On the 26th of September, 1871, Howard M. Kutchin, who had been publishing the Fort 
 Atkinson Herald, purchased a one-third interest in the establishment and became one of the 
 editors and publishers. This added largely to the strength of the paper, as Mr. Kutchin was 
 an able writer and experienced printer ; but the plan of maintaining a corps of correspondents 
 was not abandoned on that account. It was instead, enlarged upon, and Rev. T. T. Kutchin 
 and others added to the list. This proved a valuable feature,- for, credit being given to these 
 correspondents for their articles, it widened the circle of the paper's friends and patrons, as well 
 as added to its literary merits. Watrous & Kutchin continued editors and proprietors, both 
 the daily and weekly becoming profitable and influential publications, until April, 1876, when 
 J. A. Watrous, having the duties of Grand Templar of the Temple of Honor on his hands, 
 leased his interest to Mr. Kutchin for one year. At the end of that time he sold out entirely 
 to Mr. Kutchin, who published the paper as editor and proprietor until the middle of Novem- 
 ber, 1879, when Charles G. Elliot, founder of the Schuylkill (Penn.) Republican, purchased an 
 interest in the establishment, becoming business manager. 
 
 Since Mr. Watrous severed his connection with the Commonwealth, V. W. Richardson, 
 T. F. Strong, Jr., of Fond du Lac, and L. A. Lange, have been local editors, the latter now 
 holding that position. 
 
 The Commonwealth has been, during many years, one of the leading Republican papers of the 
 State, always dealing promptly and pointedly, and from a standpoint of its own, with all questions 
 of public policy. It has also devoted an unusual amount of space to the manufacturing and other 
 interests of the city and to the matter of heavy and unnecessary taxation. In this direction, 
 
450 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 it waged a warfare so incisive and unrelenting as to turn public attention to the abuses complained 
 of, which resulted in the correcting of the most flagrant of them, as well as in making thou- 
 sands of new friends throughout the county. In the foil of 1878, the Commonwealth began, 
 single-handed, to advocate the election of Matthew H. Carpenter to the United States Senate ; 
 a,nd to the persistency and ability with which the canvass was carried on through its columns, 
 more than to anything and all things else, is attributable Mr. Carpenter's election, which took place 
 in January, 1879. 
 
 Since the financial question became a factor in the political campaigns, the paper has given 
 a goodly share of attention to a strong and clear discussion of its various phases, thereby earn- 
 ing the reputation of furnishing the most sound and able financial discussions that appeared in 
 the Northwest. 
 
 As a Republican newspaper, it has always taken a most active part in all campaigns, mak- 
 its influence felt in the most unmistakable manner. It did not, however, spare the Republican 
 party or the party leaders, when they chanced to be in the wrong, believing it far better to 
 eradicate an evil than to attempt to hide it by silence. This honorable policy sometimes 
 incurred the displeasure of the Republicans who happened to be criticised, but it secured respect 
 from all quarters, showing an honesty of purpose that gave the utmost meed of praise wherever 
 deserved, and administering the severest censure with equal freedom and vigor. The Common- 
 wealth is, as it has been for several years, the leading Republican newspaper of Central Wisconsin. 
 
 The Fond da Lac County Democrat. — In 1867, a strange genius, named Thompson, with- 
 out any warning, began the publication of a good-looking Democratic paper, called the Fond du 
 Lac County Democrat. He had no means and soon left the place, the paper and office material 
 falling into the hands of Borghart & Goodwin (Mortimer Borghart and Thomas J. Goodwin), 
 who continued its publication until the concern was swallowed up by its debts and expenses. 
 Hundreds of people subscribed for the paper, paying in advance, who never received a copy 
 of it. 
 
 TIlc Saturday Reporter. — On Saturday, August 25, 1860, John .J. Beeson, now publish- 
 ing the hidependent, at Vancouver, Washington Territory, issued the first number of the Sat- 
 urday Reporter from the second story of the building on the corner of Main and Second streets, 
 now occupied by A. B. Taylor's hardware store. It was a neat, clean and attractive five-column 
 folio, devoted almost wholly to local news, and was printed from the material on which Smead 
 & Strong printed the Journal up to 1858. Mr. Beeson was a printer, having learned the trade 
 of his father, Edward Beeson. Having always lived in Fond du Lac, he knew everybody, 
 and was therefore well equipped for the editor of a local newspaper. In announcing his 
 new publication, Mr. Beeson said his main object was to " build up a business that would pay." 
 He should not make it an active partisan paper, but would nevertheless be neutral in nothing. 
 The first number contained scarcely three columns of advertising and about seventeen columns 
 of reading matter. The price was $1 per annum, or 10 cents per month in advance. Although 
 modest in size and pretentions, the paper was well received everywhere. It advocated nothing 
 in particular, took little part in politics, temperance or religion, that little being always mild 
 and inoffensive ; but was energetic in securing a place for every morsel of local news, and had a 
 brief but pleasant manner of mentioning everything and everybody. This manner of conduct- 
 ing the little paper made no enemies, and secured many new subscribers and friends. Thus it was 
 run during the great rebellion, giving warm encouragement to the Union cause and all connected 
 with it, without change in style, tone or appearance, until April 29, 1865, when it was enlarged 
 to six columns ])er page. No other change was visible, except an increase in local matter. In 
 February, 1866, Mr. Beeson again enlarged the Reporter, this time to a seven-column folio, 
 and, on the 30th of January, 1869, to a nine-column paper, with a corresponding increase in the 
 space devoted to home affairs, and continued on in the same pleasing, unsensational, but withal, 
 successful style. 
 
 On November 22, 1873, James L. Thwing, a graduate of Lawrence University, left the 
 Milwaukee Sentinel corps and purchased the Saturday Reporter of Mr. Beeson. He was alone 
 
FOND DU LAC 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 453 
 
 as editor and publisher until January 10, 1874, when II. R. Farnum, of the Madison Journal 
 corps, purchased a half-interest in the establishment and added a large job office, something the 
 Reporter had always before been without. Mr. Farnum devoted himself to the business of the 
 concern, and Mr. Thwing exclusively to the preparation of matter for the paper.- This arrange- 
 ment was a happy one, the former adding rapidly to the business and the latter adding several 
 new and pleasant features, as well as polish and completeness, to the paper. Under the ener- 
 getic management of tlie new firm, patronage increased so rapidly that, on the 29th of May, 
 1875, new material throughout was purchased and the paper enlarged to a ten-column folio. 
 The local department was made a prominent feature of the paper, as before, an assistant editor 
 being employed almost exclusively for that work. 
 
 On the 17th of July, 1875, Rev. C. D. Pillsbury, now Pastor of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church at Ripon, purchased Mr. Farnum's interest in the establishment, and the firm then 
 became " Thwing & Pillsbury, editors and proprietors." Mr. Pillsbury never gave his whole 
 attention to the paper, and, October 1, 1878, Mr. Thwing, having leased his partner's interest, 
 became editor and publisher. On the 9th of February, 1878, the form of the paper was 
 changed to a quarto, six columns to the page. 
 
 During Mr. Thwing's connection with the Reporter, the paper has always maintained sev- 
 eral distinctive newspaper features. These consisted of "Our Saturday Night," "Farm and 
 Home," " Hits by the Paragraphists," " County Correspondence," "Thin Spaces," "Person- 
 als" and "Miscellany," besides "Local'' and "Editorial" in liberal allowances. 
 
 In these special departments, Mrs. J. L. Thwing has occasionally aided her husband in 
 the preparation of matter for the paper. 
 
 The Saturday Reporter, which has never changed its name or missed an issue since its 
 foundation, has always been a carefully prepared, clean and moderate toned newspaper. It has 
 never taken any aggressive part in politics, but never failed to give dignified and cordial support 
 to the nominees of the Republican party. It has always aimed to be strictly a family rather 
 than a political newspaper, devoting a liberal amount of space to choice selections and extracts, 
 miscellany, humor and fiction. 
 
 During several years previous to 1877, the Journal, the Courier (German) and the Tribun 
 (German), were printed on the Reporter press, and, during the first week after the great fire at 
 Oshkosh, in April, 1870, the Oshkosh Daily Northwestern was not only printed, but the type 
 was set in the Reporter office. Dui'ing the past year, the Reporter has been the official paper 
 of the city, and is in a flourishing condition. Its weekly circulation being considered the larg- 
 est of any paper published in the city, it has, during several years, published, for the Govern- 
 ment, the list of letters remaining uncalled for at the post office. 
 
 The Frei Volks Presse. — On the 1st day of October, 1878, Charles Bruderle began the 
 publication, in Fond du Lac, of the Frei Volks Presse, a large German weekly, devoted to 
 Greenbackism and Socialism, with Prof. C. F. Kumlau as editor. Prof. Kumlau severed his con- 
 nection with the paper after a few months, and Mr. Bruderle continued its publication under his 
 own editorial management until the fall of 1879, when it was suspended for want of patronage. 
 
 The' Fond du Lao Tribun. — The Tribun, a German weekly Republican newspaper, was 
 started in the city of Fond du Lac August 14, 1874. In April of the following year, the 
 establishment was moved to Sheboygan, where the paper has since been published as the She- 
 boygan Tribun. It is prospering and is regarded as one of the leading German papers of the 
 Lake shore. The founder, Alfred Marschner, Sr., died on the 17th day of September, 1875, 
 since which time the business has been conducted in the name of his widow, Auguste Marschner. 
 The present editor and manager of the paper is Alfred Marschner, Jr. 
 
 The Nordivestlicher Courier. — This is a Democratic German weekly newspaper founded by 
 Dr. Carl de Haas, May 4, 1871, and published in the third story of the Post Office Block, Fond 
 du Lac. The first publishers were Carl de Haas & Son. It was begun as a five-column quarto 
 weekly, published on Thursday, at $2 per annum, and a six-column folio, semi-weekly, published 
 Wednesday and Saturday, at $4 per year. The semi-weekly was never a paying enterprise, and 
 
454 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 was discontinued May 31, 1873. A supplement containing general miscellany was issued with 
 the weekly after the second year, free. In January, 1874, the Courier was enlarged to a six- 
 column quarto, which is its present form and size. In April, 1875, Dr. Carl de Haas died, and 
 the paper was continued by his sons, under the firm name of Fred de Haas & Brothers. They 
 continued its publication until April, 1878, when the whole establishment was sold to W. F. 
 Weber, the present editor and proprietor. November 13, 1879. Mr. Weber enlarged the sup- 
 plement, thus furnishing a large amount of reading matter. The paying subscribers of "the 
 Nordwestlicher Courier number over two thousand, and its publication is a source of profit. 
 
 The, Appeal. — The first number of the Appeal appeared in Fond du Lac May 10, 1876. 
 It was a six-column folio, published monthly at 50 cents per annum, by J. A. Watrous, 
 Grand Templar of the Temple of Honor in Wisconsin. It is devoted mostly to temperance, 
 but is not the organ of the Temple of Honor or any other society. In May, 1878, the Appeal 
 was enlarged to seven columns to the page, the price remaining as before. During the first 
 three years of its existence, Watrous distributed gratis nearly forty thousand copies of the 
 Appeal, its publication thereby being made a source of loss rather than of profit. It is now on a 
 paying basis, and has a very large circulation, extending into a number of the surrounding 
 States and Territories. It is published from the oflSce of the Daily Commonwealth, in the city of 
 Fond du Lac. Although mainly devoted to temperance matters, the Appeal has always contained 
 a large amount of historical, personal and biographical sketches, rendering it to those not inter- 
 ested in its leading feature, a most interesting and valuable publication. It is proper to record, 
 in connection with this account of the paper, the manner in which the matter for the Appeal is 
 prepared. Mr. Watrous, who has by far the greater share of his time taken up by his duties as 
 Grand Templar, has prepared much of the editorial, historical sketches, personals and other 
 matter for his paper, in hotels, while riding on the cars, and at any other time or place where a 
 few moments could be utilized from travel or business. If he got a day at home, double duty 
 was done by going to the " case " and composing articles as he set the type for them, using no 
 copy. This work he called " rest," and for many months was all the rest he had. 
 
 The Wisconsin Farmer. — The first number of the Wisconsin Farmer was published from 
 the Globe Steam Printing Office, No. 6 Forest street. Fond du Lac ,by Beeson, Lockin & Wing, 
 on the 25th day of September, 1879. It is a sixteen-page publication, with four wide columns 
 to the page, printed on fine calendered paper, and devoted exclusively to the interests of the 
 farmer, dairyman and stock raiser. It is the only publication of the kind in Wisconsin, and is 
 rapidly increasing in circulation. Edward Buson is editor, H. D. Wing associate editor, and 
 John W. Lockin, business manager. The liberal encouragement the paper is i-eceiving indicates 
 that it is destined to become a permanent and prosperous publication. 
 
 The People's Champion. — On the 81st day of August, 1877, articles of incorporation, 
 under the title of the " People's Printing and Publishing Company," were adopted for the pur- 
 pose of "printing and publishing the People's Champion newspaper in the city of Fond du Lac, 
 and doing a general printing and publishing business and to accumulate capital for the stockhold- 
 ers." The capital stock was to be $6,000, in 2,000 shares of $-3 each. The incorporators were J. R. 
 Tallmadge, E. A. Toubell, J. L. Colman, L. F. Stowe, J. O. Barrett, I. R. Sanford, A. Moody, 
 F. E. Hoyt, E. Hoyt and Fred Gesswein. These were all residents of the city of Fonddu Lac, 
 except J. 0. Barrett, of Glenbeulah, Wis., who was editor in chief of the paper, and I. R. Sanford, 
 business manager, who came from M. M. Pomeroy's paper at Chicago. The initial number of 
 the Champion appeared September 12, and was printed by the Star Printing Company, the 
 type being owned by the publishers. The paper was a six-column quarto with but very little 
 advertising patronage, and was the organ of the Greenback party. Although by vigorous can- 
 vassing a list of more than two thousand subscribers was secured, the paper continuously lost 
 money, and several times made suspensions of a few weeks. At the close of 1878, the incor- 
 porators gave the good will and material of the entire establishment to I. R. Sanford — J. 0. 
 Barrett having made satisfactory arrangements to withdraw — who published the paper with a 
 "patent inside" for a time, finally reducing it one-half in size. At the beginning of 1879, E. B. 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU ].AC COUNTY. 455 
 
 Bolens (now publishing the Ozaukee Star) entered into partnership with Mr. ISanford, bringing 
 ■with him a large power press and other material on which the Madison Star had been published. 
 The Champion office was then removed from the Star Printing Company's office to the Patty House 
 Block, and did its own press work. There were two mortgages on the material ; the one held 
 by Dr. C. W. Barnes being foreclosed, the outfit was sold by the Sheriff to John W. Lockin, of 
 the "Globe Printing Office," except that portion of the type that belonged to Mr. Sanford 
 which was moved by him to Appleton in October, where the Champion was again published. 
 
 TJie Northern Farmer. — In January, 1863, E. H. Jones & Brother began in Fond du Lac 
 the publication of an agricultural paper called the Northern Farmer, for the purpose of adver- 
 tising their seed and farming-implement business, which was so well received that only one num- 
 ber was issued gratis. A subscription lisc was opened and arrangements were made with Edward 
 Beeson to print a larger paper once each month. The paper was a complete farmers' publica- 
 tion, treating a large variety of subjects, and at $1 per annum soon had nearly eight hun- 
 dred subscribers. It was a sixteen-page sheet, with three columns to the page, and had 
 correspondents of reputation in various localities, East and West. Jones Brothers were editors 
 and proprietors during five years. They sold to Fred D. Carson, who took possession in Feb- 
 ruary, 1868. He soon after enlarged the paper to twenty pages, and increased its circulation, 
 but in 1869 removed to Janesville, where he continued to publish the Northern Farmer during 
 several yeai's. 
 
 77(6 Ripon Herald. — This paper was commenced in the (then) village of Ripon, December 
 14, 1853, by Addison P. Mapes and Irving Root, editors and proprietors. It had for its motto 
 "Rip-On!" It was a weekly — published every Wednesday, subscription price, "$1.25 in 
 advance." Root retired from the firm of Mapes & Root the next spring, and the issue of the 
 paper of April 1, 1854, had the name of A. P. Mapes as editor and proprietor, who says : 
 
 " The proprietorship of the Herald has changed inasmuch that Mr. Root has withdrawn 
 from the firm, leaving us to *■ paddle our own canoe.' We do not make this announcement with- 
 out reluctance, for we have, in the short space of time with which we have been associated with 
 him, formed such an attachment and appreciating idea of his worth as an individual, and of his 
 skill in his profession, that we are loth to part company with him ; but family ties call him far 
 away, and we have no inclination to gratify our feelings at the expense of the feelings of others. 
 So mote it be !" 
 
 The Herald was finally sold to Alvin E. Bovay, the material of which, after serving for a 
 time under a change of name, became a part of the Commonwealth office, where what was left 
 of it now is. 
 
 The Ripon Free Press. — Number 1, Volume I, bears date April 7, 1870. It was started 
 by L. B. Everdell, a graduate of Ripon College, of the Class of 1868. The paper passed into 
 the hands of George C. Duffie, a classmate of the above named, who had furnished the capital 
 to begin its publication. He resigned his position in the college, and until April, 1874, gave 
 his attention to the business of making the paper a success. In 1872, George M. West & Co. 
 bought the Free Press, and ran it awhile, but failing to meet their obligations, turned over the 
 property at the end of the year to Mr. Duffie. During a considerable part of the time Prof, 
 (now President) E. H. Merrell of the college, was associated with Mr. Duffie in the paper, under 
 the style of George C. Duffie & Co. On April 1, 1874, Messrs. T. D. Stone and D. E. Cramer 
 purchased the Free Press newspaper and job office of George C. Duffie for $3,300. At this 
 time, the policy of the paper underwent a through change. The paper commenced the advocacy 
 of legal prohibition and the necessity of the organization of a separate political party devoted to 
 that purpose. 
 
 To this end steps were taken to call a mass State convention. The call was couched in 
 terms that none could misunderstand, as follows : 
 
 We, the undersigned, citizens of Wisconsin, believing tiiat iuleaiperanee is tlie great evil, sin and crime of this 
 republic; believing it to be the right and duly of the people to suppress this great evil, by prohibiting the sale of 
 intoxicating drinks as beverages; believing that this is the nearest and highest political duty which the Aniericau 
 
456 ■ HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 people ave uow called upon to discliarge ; believing that the "liquor question" is the legitimate and only worthy 
 successor of the " slavery question " in American politics; believing that the mission of the Republican party ended 
 with the overthrow of slavery, and the reconstruction of the old slave States on a free basis ; and believing that no 
 political party now in existence is either able, competent or willing to deal eifectively with this gigantic crime, which 
 mocks at the feeble efforts and restraint of "license laws," "local option law," and the like, do hereby unite in call- 
 ing a mass convention of the temperance citizens of the State, to assemble in the city of Ripon on the 13th day of 
 October next, at 10 o'clock, A. M., to form a separate and independent political party, with prohibition as its central 
 idea. If any localities prefer to be represented by chosen and accredited delegates, well, and good ; but it is to be dis- 
 tinctly understood that all citizens of the State, coming in good faith, with the purpose above set forth, will be 
 received as members of the convention. And, further, we hereby invite all temperance men who are in favor of pro- 
 hiI)ition, whether ready for independent political action, or not, to be present, and participate in the proceedings of 
 of the convention. 
 
 This document was signed by over one thousand eijjht hundred voters of Wisconsin, repre- 
 senting people in twenty-seven different counties. In Fond du Lac County alone there were 
 about two hundred and fifty signers to this call. 
 
 At the meeting Lester Rounds, of Eureka, was made Chairman, and C. F. Hammond, Sec- 
 retary. The following resolution, which was passed unanimously, shows the sense of the meeting : 
 
 Rtaolved, That we, citizens of Wisconsin, temperance men and prohibitionists in State convention assembled, do 
 declare it to be our firm, matured and unalterable purpose here and now, to inaugurate within the State of Wisconsin 
 a new political parly, separate from and independent of all existing parties, having for its centr.al idea the suppres- 
 sion of the dramshops of the land, and the total prohibition of the sale of all intoxicating drinks to be used as a 
 beverage. The party so in^iugurated or founded, shall be a branch of and auxiliary to the national party, based on 
 the same fundamental idea in its intents. We propose, before adjournment, to elect a State Committee, and take such 
 other steps as may be necessary to perfect the organization. 
 
 At the conclusion of the two-days session, Maj. A. E. Bovay was elected Chairman of the 
 State Central Committee, and the usual party machinery set in motion. President William E. 
 Merriman, of Ripon College, was the author of the platform of principles, and Prof E. H. Merrell 
 warmly advocated the measure by a public speech. 
 
 The Free Press was the only paper friendly to this movement, and through its earnest 
 advocacy of the principle was the new party fanned into existence. 
 
 On account of failing health, Mr. Don E. Cramer sold his interest in the Free Press to D. 
 B. Lyon November 1, 1876. Mr. Lyon employed his son, Hiram M. Lyon, to look after his 
 interest, and the firm name of Stone & Lyon appears in the files until August 15, 1878, when 
 J. R. Bloom took the place of Lyon in making the style of the firm. Shortly after this, Mr. T. 
 D. Stone became sole manager, but retained the old firm name until January 1, since which 
 time the business has been in his hands. In February, 1879, the office was moved to its present 
 commodious quarters in Bovay 's Block. 
 
 The Wisconsi7i Grood Templar. — This newspaper was first published at Madison, Wis., 
 February 7, 1873, and its first copy shows that it w.as edited by T. D. Stone and A. F. Booth, 
 with Samuel D. Hastings and T. D. Kanouse associate editors. It was the oflScial organ of the 
 Grand Lodge of Good Templars. It contained eight pages — -five columns of reading to the page. 
 In the early part of April, 1873, the proprietors removed the paper to Ripon. The first issue 
 in the last-named place was published April 4, 1873. July 8, 1873, T. D. Stone bought the 
 interest of A. F. Booth, and the editorship of the paper continued under his sole management 
 as long as it was published. The last number was printed in August, 1874. From its first to 
 its last copy, it was an uncompromising and persistent advocate of the legal prohibition of the 
 liquor traffic. Like all temperance ])eriodicals it was a financial failure. It contained the best 
 thoughts of the leading advocates of the cause in the State, and was by all odds the largest and 
 best-conducted sheet that hail ever been printed in behalf of the movement in Wisconsin. At 
 one time its circulation reached 900 copies, but a large number of these were three-month's sub- 
 scribers. Its editor says that more than half of his time was taken in traveling from Lodge to 
 Lodge, begging for subscribers, and that the little amount thus received was often eaten up in 
 hotel bills and stage fare. When the paper suspended publication, the proprietor not only found 
 himself short a year and a half of hard wovk, but also a considerable sum of money. To his 
 credit be it said that all unexpired subscriptions were filled with either the Free Press or any 
 temperance paper that the party designated. 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 457 
 
 The Ripon Star. — In December, 1858, H. C. and AdJison P. Mapes began the publication 
 of a six-column folio newspaper called the Star, which was devoted to the interests of the Demo- 
 cratic party, so far as parties were concerned. It gave considerable attention to Ripon College 
 and to matters pertaining to Ripon City and vicinity. In 18G1, Col. Edward Daniels' cavalry 
 were in camp several weeks on College Hill, within a few rods of where the Star was published. 
 The editors of the Star took occasion to mention soldiers in general, and Col. Daniels' cavalry 
 in particular, in such terms as at once enraged them. The cavalry boys, therefore, after an issue 
 whicii was particularly distasteful to them, went in a body just at dusk and scattered the type 
 on which the Star had been published, in the street. The paper never made its appearance after 
 that. 
 
 Our Paper. — The first periodical of Brock way (Ripon) College was entitled Our Paper, the 
 first number of which was issued in August, 1856. It was edited by a committee. The salutatory 
 ran thus : " Kind readers : In filling the station assigned to us by the partiality of our asso- 
 ciates, by whom we were chosen to edit the following humble pages, we have endeavored to give 
 all our contributors a fair representation, rather than select entirely from our best writers. And 
 we would tender this as an apology to those whose articles we have been obliged unwillingly to 
 reject. To the public we would say, that all we hope is that the few truths presented may be 
 allowed a hearing, and that, balancing the good we wished to accomplish against the many imper- 
 fections incident to a first attempt, the latter may be overlooked. Hoping in the future to meet 
 you in a wider field, we remain your obedient servants — The Committee." The paper contained 
 twenty-four pages, but was only an octavo in size ; and was made up (with an occasional refer- 
 ence to the college) of contributions from the students of the institution. 
 
 College Daj/s. — In the spring of 1868, the senior class of Ripon College began the publi- 
 cation of a handsome thirty-six page monthly called College Days. The editors were George C. 
 Dufiie and Miss M. S. Cook, and Horace Tracy was the publisher. It was devoted to the interests 
 of Ripon College, and to chronicling the movements and achievements of its graduates and stu- 
 dents. In 1872, the magazine form was changed to the quarto newspaper form. After the first 
 year, committees were chosen annually to edit the College Bai/s until 1876, when, on account of 
 hard times, the publication of a college paper was dropped. It was a newsy, lively and enter- 
 taining publication — equal to similar papers issued by much older and richer institutions. 
 
 Ripon College News-Letter. — At the beginning of the college year of 1879, George D. 
 Heron began the publication of the Ripon College News-Letter, a quarto of fine appearance at 
 fl per year, and printed on tinted book paper. It already has a large circulation, and is 
 well patronized by the business men of Ripon. It is considered a fixture of the college, being 
 backed by parties who are able to support it. The mechanical work of publishing the News- 
 Letter is done at the office of the Ripon Free Press. 
 
 Ripon Weekly Times. — In October, 1857, George W. Parker began the publication at 
 Ripon of a seven-column folio, called the Western Times, at $1.50 per year, in advance. 
 This paper was continued about two years, when it fell into the hands of Chauncey J. Allen, 
 who learned his trade in the Fond du Lac Journal office, with Edward Beeson. He soon had 
 George Burnside for a partner and changed the name of' the paper to the Ripon Weekly Times. 
 Mr. Allen, the editor, was liberal in his views, and an able, entertaining writer. It was a suc- 
 cessful paper during his life, but was discontinued after his death, which occurred during the 
 war of the rebellion. 
 
 The Ripon Spur. — During several years previous to the rebellion, E. L. Runals owned, 
 edited and published a paper called the Spur. It was noted for ability and dignity, and while 
 in existence was an influential publication. The first number appeared in June, 1855. In 
 September, 1856, the name was changed to Ripon Home, Runals & Fuller, publishers. In 
 1857, Mr. Runals sold to Fuller & Fitch, by whom the paper was continued for a time. 
 
 The Prairie City Record. — On the i4th of May, 1863, Nelson Bowerman and N. C. 
 Strong, under the firm name of Bowerman & Strong, began the publication of the Prairie City 
 Record. Mr. Strong withdrew from the establishment in the following October, and the paper 
 
458 HISTORY OF FOND DT LAC COUNTY. 
 
 was continued by Mr. Bowerman. It was not a financial success, and the last issue of the paper 
 was on December 24, 1863. 
 
 The Ripon Commonwealth. — The first paper issued under this title was on the 22d of 
 January, 1864. J. A. Smith, of Fond du Lac, was the proprietor, and A. T. Glaze local edi- 
 tor and manager of local business. One side of the paper was usually printed at Fond du Lac 
 and sent to Ripon to be completed. The salutatory contained these paragraphs : " The good 
 people of Ripon and vicinity are herewith greeted with a newspaper — the Ripon Commonwealth 
 — successor, so far as most of the printing materials, subscription lists and advertising patron- 
 age are concerned, of tl>e late Prairie City Record. * * To stand by the Govern- 
 ment and the administration now, saving it from overthrow by the most gigantic rebellion ever 
 confronted by a nation ; to support that administration while it is as worthy of it as now, to the 
 utter extinction of every armed rebel, if need be; to the advocacy of keeping all promises 
 made by the President to the slaves now our grateful allies; and to supporting all the measures 
 necessary to wipe out rebellion and its heaven-defying cause — is just what we intend to do, so 
 long as such effort is needed and we are spared to strike the blows." The paper continued 
 under the same management until December 2, of the same year, when Smith & Benton became 
 the editors and publishers. Glaze continuing as local editor; but on the 16th of June, 1865, J. 
 A. Smith was again the only proprietor. On the 13th of April, 1866, he called in, as an asso- 
 ciate in the proprietorship of the paper, Tliomas Bryant. The paper was then published under 
 the firm name of Smith & Bryant, but this arrangement continued only to August 3, following, 
 when Mr. Smith again became sole owner. (_)n the 22d of February, 1867, A. T. Glaze, who 
 had since the beginning of the paper been its local editor and manager, purchased of Mr. Smith 
 his entire interest in the Commonwealth. Mr. Glaze, in announcing himself as editor and pro- 
 prietor, said: "I have bought the Ripon Commonwealth office and book bindery, believing the 
 people will at least give me the support which they have the past year, and leaving it to our 
 generous patrons to say whether we shall sink or swim." Mr. Glaze continued as proprietor 
 until April 1, 1874, when he sold to W. H. Bailhache and Mason Brayman, who entered upon 
 editorial duties under the firm of W. H. Bailhache & Co., saying: "The general course of 
 the paper will not be materially changed. * * * jj. ^jij |jg identified with those 
 principles and policies which lie at the foundation of the Republican party." This manage- 
 ment continued until May 21, 1875, when Mr. Brayman sold his half-interest to E. L. Scofield. 
 The paper was published under the firm name of Bailhache & Scofield until October 1, 1875, 
 when Mr. Bailhache sold to C. N. Hodges, and under the name of Scofield & Hodges the paper 
 was edited and published until October 1, 1877, at which time E. L. Scofield became sole editor 
 and proprietor. January 1, 1878, a half-interest was leased to B. J. Price for one year. 
 When that lease terminated, Mr. Schofield became sole editor and proprietor, and has since 
 continued as such. The paper has always been Republican in politics and thoroughly devoted 
 to the advancement of the city of Ripon. 
 
 The Ripon Representative. — In 1867, George W. Peck began the publication of an inde- 
 pendent weekly newspaper in Ripon, under the name and style of the Representative. He 
 devoted the paper to humor more than is usual with country newspapers, and was also one of 
 the pioneers in advertising the beauties of Green Lake. In 1868, during the Presidential 
 campaign, the paper was arrayed on the side of Democracy, where it thereafter continued while 
 Mr. Peck was at the helm. In 1869, Mr. Peck went to New York with M. M. Pomeroy 
 ("Brick"), and leased the Representative to H. B. Baker, who changed its name to the Prairie 
 City Local., and continued the paper through the following winter. He then went to California, 
 and the material was soon afterward used to publish the Free Press. 
 
 The Waupun Kwes.— This is the oldest paper in Waupun. It is now in its twenty-third 
 year, and is an eight-column folio. The first number was issued September 14, 1857, by J. H. 
 Brinkerhoff (the present Postmaster of the city) editor and proprietor. It was a seven-column 
 folio, and a neat-looking, spicy sheet. The merchants of the place gave him a liberal advertis- 
 ing patronage, and the Times started with a good list of subscribers, many of whom have stuck 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DV J.jVC COUKTi'. 459 
 
 by it during the nearly twenty-three years it has been published. In his first editorial, Mr. 
 Brinkerhoff says : " We have been induced to commence the publication of the Times, not 
 because we thought it vf ouU j> at/ — make us "rich" — but from the conviction that the interests 
 of Waupun demand a paper; that there is sufBcient enterprise among the inhabitants to sustain 
 one, and that we might be our own master ; only hoping that such encouragement, in the way 
 of patronage, might be extended us as shall enable the Times and us to live. Coming among 
 you as we do — relying solely upon our own eflbrts, and under obligations to no party or man — 
 we shall follow our own inclination in all matters, claim the right to do pretty much as we 
 please, and that which we consider most beneficial to the community at large, and shall bo inde- 
 pendent in everything and of everybody. 
 
 " We do not claim neutrality in politics or anything else, but we do not intend to enter the 
 political arena further than to acquaint our readers with the prospects and doings of the respect- 
 ive parties. We hero assert, however, that, with the exception of an absolute hostility to those 
 principles which would deprive the foreign-born of the right of suffrage, we are unbiassed in 
 our political views — have a greater regard for principle and right than party. The interests of 
 Waupun and ' circumjacent vicinage ' shall receive our especial attention, and it shall be our 
 endeavor to foster and build up every interest identified with its growth and prosperity. Par- 
 ticular regard will be paid to home matters, and, after we get the ' hang of the barn,' we intend 
 that in local news the Times shall excel." 
 
 The promises of its founder the Times has fulfilled and is fulfilling. It is no longer inde- 
 pendent in politics. When the flag of our country was threatened by traitors in 1861., the 
 independent 'flag was pulled down and the star-spangled banner placed in its stead at the top of 
 the columns ; and ever since, the Times has boon firm in its allegiance to the principles of the 
 Republican party. 
 
 In the first number of the Times appear the business cards of many who are still in Wau- 
 pun. E. Hooker advertises that he will attend to all kinds of legal business ; D. W. Moore 
 prescribed medicines then as now ; H. L. Butterfield not only administered physic, but sold 
 drugs ; R. W. Wells dealt in drugs, books, paints and oils ; Thomas Stoddart was in the same 
 line of business and was Postmaster as well ; Rank & Manz and John Howard were merchant 
 tailors ; John Taylor and S. Rebbles were among those who kept groceries and dry goods ; B. 
 B. Baldwin had a sash, door, blind and turning establishment ; M. J. Althouse made pumps and 
 drilled wells ; John McFarland shod the horses; the Exchange was the hotel of the village; 
 William Morgan did all the barbering ; E. Hillyer was Secretary of the Dodge County Mutual 
 Insurance Company ; L. B. Balcom was in the forwarding and commission business ; T. Car- 
 penter made and sold harnesses; Phelps Moore kept the Empire Livery Stable; there were 
 advertised two banks — the Waupun Bank and the Corn Exchange Bank. 
 
 Among the contributors to the first number of the Times was George E. Jennings, who 
 still occasionally furnishes articles that are as graceful in thought and diction as then ; W. H. 
 Taylor indulged then as he now sometimes does in a paper on "Waupun ; Its Past, Present and 
 Future." For nearly eight years, Mr. Brinkerhoff furnished mental pabulum for the readers 
 of the Times, when he sold the office and business to Rev. D. A. Wagner. The latter became 
 involved in a church quarrel and made the Times his personal organ. In 1866, a year after he 
 bought the ofiice, he sold it again to Messrs. Eli &. Jesse Hooker ; in about three months, Eli 
 Hooker bought out his partner, and for a year conducted the Times very successfully ; he made 
 it pay, but having an extensive law business requiring his attention, he sold out in about a year, 
 J. R. Decker, his foreman, being the purchaser. He took possession October 1, 1867, and did 
 not allow the business to suffer under his labors. 
 
 On October 1, 1868, the present editor and proprietor, Philip M. Pryor, then a young 
 man not out of his teens, took possession, Mr. Decker going to Columbus, Wis. With no 
 capital but energy and a determination to succeed, Mr. Pryor has, for more than eleven years, 
 been continually making improvements in the office, and doing all in his power to increase the 
 influence and standing of his paper. He makes it a rule never, under any circumstances, to 
 
460 HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 allow his paper to become the medium for any one to vent personal spite, believing it to be 
 unjournalistic ; nor to permit any ungentleinanly language or personal attacks to appear in its 
 columns, or to allow anything of a local interest to pass unnoticed. The present flourishing 
 condition of the Times is the result. 
 
 The Prison City Item. — Sometime in 1859, William Euen began the publication of a 
 paper called the Item. His office was in the South Ward or Dodge County side of the village, 
 and the paper, which was a five-column folio, appeared monthly. Mr. Euen was a politician, a 
 manufacturer of Euen's Strengthening Plasters, and a humorous fellow, and his paper was 
 given somewhat to fun. He continued it about one year as a monthly, and then turned it into 
 a weekly, which was continued with varying fortunes until the beginning of 1861, when it was 
 suspended and never revived. 
 
 De Ware Burger. — In 1859, Dr. A. C. Van Altena brought De Ware Burger from 
 Sheboygan County to Waupun, where it was published in the Holland language until the latter 
 part of 1860, by S. H. Salverda, Dr. Van Altena's son-in-law. It was discontinued for want of 
 patronage, there being but few Hollanders in the county to subscribe for it, and only one or two 
 merchants or business men in the vicinity to furnish advertising patronage. 
 
 The Little Badger. — During the latter part of 1860, a small newspaper called the Little 
 Badger was started in Waupun by S. H. Salverda, which was printed in both the English and 
 Holland languages. It lived a precarious life of a few months and died for want of patronage, 
 its editor and proprietor afterward moving to Milwaukee. 
 
 The Waupun Leader. — On Tuesday, August 28, 1866, Joseph W. Oliver and Martin C. 
 Short, under the firm name, of Oliver & Short, began the publication of the Prison City 
 Leader, an eight-column folio. Republican in politics. The material on which the paper was 
 printed was moved from Dartford, Green Lake County, where the same firm published the 
 Green Lake Spectator. The first few issues of the Leader were with "patent inside," after 
 which the entire paper was printed at home. The first number contained nearly eleven col- 
 umns of home advertisements and about three columns of " foreign ads." The paper started 
 out with a good list of subscribers, and grew at once into popular favor on account of its devo- 
 tion to local matters and decent tone in treating of all things. An old "Washington " hand 
 press and a very limited amount of other material constituted the Leader office at the begin- 
 ning. In 1868, the paper was changed to a five-column quarto, but the experiment proving 
 unsatisfactory, the folio form was again resumed, and the name changed from the Prison City 
 Leader to the Waupun Leader, which title it has since borne. On the 6th of October, 1871, 
 Martin C. Shore, who is now editor and publisher of the Brandon Times, sold his half-interest 
 to R. H. Oliver, and the paper has since been edited and published by Oliver Brothers. J. W. 
 Oliver learned his trade in the old Markesan Journal office before the rebellion, in which he 
 took an active part as a member of the Thirty-second Wisconsin Volunteers, and R. H. Oliver 
 pas.sed his apprenticeship in the Leader office with Oliver & Short. The Leader proprietors 
 were the second in bringing steam presses into Fond du Lac County, and they now have one of 
 the neatest and best-equipped country offices to be found anywhere, with an extensive amount 
 of material and three large presses. In February, 1879, the paper was changed to a six- 
 column quarto, and is a handsome, thrifty sheet in make-up and general appearance, and of the 
 utmost cleanliness and respectability in matter. It was begun on the Dodge County side of 
 Waupun, in Amadon's (now Seely's) Block, being moved to the Fond du Lac County side, into 
 Rank's Block, in 1869, and in August, 1877, to its present quartei's in the old female prison 
 building on Prison street near Main. Connected with the office is a lathe for repairing, iron- 
 turning and general work ; a stereotyping machine for jobs, advertisements and other work, 
 the first successfully used in Wisconsin, and made entirely by J. W. Oliver ; a force-pump with 
 100 feet of hose for fire purposes, and a telephone, made by J. W. Oliver, which extends from 
 the office to his house, several blocks away. There is no other printing office in the vicinity, if, 
 indeed, in the State, with all these appliances, and all in such perfect and effective working 
 order. It is a model country printing and publishing office. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 461 
 
 The first printing material ever brought to Waupiin was that on which the Whig had been 
 printed in the village of Fond du Lac, and was bought by Eli Hooker in the winter of 1847— 
 48. Immediately afterward, George Howe came from Angelica, N. Y., with the old Ramage 
 press on which the first edition of Morgan's "Exposition of Masonry" was printed, and Mr. 
 Hooker entered into partnership with him in the job-printing business. This old press, made 
 of wood, and on which two impressions with a screw were required to print one side of a sheet, 
 was soon after sold to a man in Calumet County. 
 
 The Brandon Times. — Soon after the close of the rebellion, October 1, I860, George M. 
 West began the publication, in the village of Brandon, of a Republican newspaper called the 
 Times. It was a four-column folio. Independent in politics. In November, 1871, Martin C. 
 Short became editor and proprietor. He is also Postmaster of Brandon, having been appointed 
 by President Grant, and personally attends to both the post office and the newspaper office in 
 the same building. Although published in a small village, the Times has been supported with 
 more than the usual liberality, and would be a creditable paper for a much larger place. The 
 Times is now on its fifteenth volume and prosperous. It is now a seven-column folio, and has 
 been straight and strong Republican ever since owned by Mr. Short. 
 
 The Neio Cassel Clarion. — On the loth of January, 1876, Dr. L. Eidemiller began the 
 publication, in the village of New Cassel, of a four-column local paper called the Clarion. It 
 was devoted entirely to local news and advertising, and although well patronized, the locality 
 considered, was discontinued before the end of the year. 
 
 The Waucousta Representative. — In November, 1869, Freeman Sackett and Spencer began 
 the publication of the Waucousta Representative, a four-column folio, devoted to local matters 
 exclusively in the town of Osceola. Mr. Sackett afterward became editor of the Phillips (Wis.) 
 Times, and Mr. Spencer owns a job printing office in the city of Fond du Lac. The paper 
 was filled with original poetry, locals, "jokes," in shape of burlesque advertisements and carica- 
 tures. These caricatures wei-e executed on wood with a pocket knife by Byron Hall and Free- 
 man Sackett, and were richly enjoyed by the country-folk. The enterprise was not a paying 
 one and was comparatively short lived. 
 
 some of fond du lac county's illustrious dead. 
 
 Edward Pike 
 
 was a son of Calvin Pier, a tanner and currier, and later in life, a farmer, and was born in New 
 Haven, Addison Co., Vt., March 31, 1807. The maiden name of his mother was Esther 
 Evarts, and her father was a soldier a short time in the Revolutionary war. Edward attended 
 school during the winter months after his seventh year, until he attained the age of twelve, 
 when his school days were terminated. He was early and thoroughly trained to work, and 
 probably no young Verraonter ever applied himself with more diligence to any and every task 
 assigned him, or was more faithful in the discharge of filial obligations. When he was twelve 
 years old his family moved to the town of Ripon, in his native county, and there Edward passed 
 his youth and early manhood, the whole household living in rustic simplicity. The house was 
 built in the woods overspread by forest trees, and its chimney was made of boards, and up 
 through it the children could look and see the birds which came to sing their morning songs. 
 
 In addition to farming, Edward learned to make and mend shoes, being his own teacher; 
 for in those days on the Green Mountains, one of the great studies was how to save the hard- 
 earned money. Hoping to find land easier to cultivate than the soil of Vermont, but without 
 intending to slacken his industrious habits, Mr. Pier, on the 2oth of August, 1834, started for 
 that part of Michigan Territory which is now the State of Wisconsin. Five years before, June 
 2, 1829, he had married Miss Flarriet N. Kendall, of Rochester, Vt., who with cour.)ge and a 
 cheerful spirit, went with him to the land of the Mexiomonees and the Pottawatomies. Two 
 brothers, Colwert E. and Oscar, also accompanied him. They arrived at Green Bay in just 
 four weeks — a remarkably quick trip in those days. In the autumn of that year, Colwert, the 
 
462 HISTORY OF FOXD DTJ LAC COUNTY. 
 
 eldest of the tliree brothers, made a prospecting trip, extending into Illinois, and, in the summer 
 of 1835, Edward made a still longer trip extend into Southern Illinois, where he purchased a 
 herd of cows and young cattle for Charles D. Nash, and drove them to Green Bay — a distance 
 of four hundred miles, much of the way through a country of bridgeless streams. 
 
 In February, 1836, the brothers, Colwert and Edward, visited the laid-out village of Fond 
 du Lac, then without a house or a settler. After Colwert had brought his fiimily there, he was 
 visited by Edward, who was accompanied by his father. They left Green Bay on the ■20th of 
 June, 1836, and soon after arrived at Colwert Pier's, where they remained a few days and then 
 returned to the Bay. This was Edward Pier's second visit to Fond du Lac. In September, he 
 again visited his brother Colwert. The next December, learning that his brother was nearly out 
 of provisions, he started with a load but came near losing his life while crossing Lake Winne- 
 bago, by breaking through the ice with his horse. He arrived at his brother's on the 21st of 
 December. It was his fourth visit to Fond du Lac in the year 1836. 
 
 In March, 1837, he settled near Fond du Lac Village. From that time forward until 
 incapacitated by age, Mr. Pier was known as a hard-working and eminently successful man, both 
 in his agricultural pursuits and in his interests in manufactories and as a merchant. During 
 his life, he held several important public ofiices, which he filled satisfactorily, 'capably and honor- 
 ablv. He was a member of the first Board of Supervisors (then known as commissioners) of Fond 
 du Lac County, and was President of that body for ten consecutive years. At different times, 
 he was elected County Treasurer, State Senator, and for ten years was chosen Superintendent 
 of the Poor. At one time, he held the important office of Trustee of the State Insane Asylum 
 at Madison. Besides these public oflices, he filled the position of President of two banks with 
 conscientious and scrupulous honesty and fidelity. 
 
 On the 21st of August, 1864, his wife breathed her last. Mr. Pier always claimed that 
 whatever he had been to the community was directly attributable to his excellent companion. 
 He survived her a number of years, his death occurring on the 2d of November, 1877. He 
 left four children to mourn the loss of a kind, indulgent, affectionate and painstaking father — 
 Ann P., wife of J. W. Carpenter ; Ruth R., now Mrs. L. J. Harvey ; Carrie S., wife of H. R. 
 Skinner, and Colwert K., now (1880) President of the Savings Bank of Fond du Lac. 
 
 In Edward Pier's death, the people of Fond du Lac County sustained a loss. He closed 
 a life of usefulness and the public were touched when one was taken away who occupied so large 
 a space in their minds. He was a frank, genial man, and a public-spirited citizen. He was 
 prompt in his benefactions ; and when a life like his closes, it leaves a vacancy, not merely in 
 the family circle and among closest friends, but among all those reached by the fame and name of 
 charitable deeds. 
 
 Nathaniel Potter Tallmadge, 
 
 was born in the town of Chatham, Columbia Co., N. Y., February 8, 1795. His father, Joel 
 Tallmadge, was a man of sterling integrity and incorruptible patriotism. In the war of the 
 Revolution, he served his country with fidelity, and was present to witness the surrender of Gen. 
 Burgoyne in 1777. The family is of Saxon descent, as the name (originally Tollemache) 
 plainly indicates. According to Burke, " it has flourished with the greatest honors in an unin- 
 terrupted male succession in the county of Suffolk since the first arrival of the Saxons in 
 England, a period of more than tliirteen centuries. Tollemache, lord of Bentley and Stoke 
 Tollemache in the county of Oxford, lived in the sixth century, and upon the old manor-house 
 of Bentley is still the following inscription : 
 
 " Before the Norman into England came, 
 Bentley was my resiJence and Tollemache my name." 
 
 At a very early age, the subject of this sketch displayed an earnest desire for knowledge, 
 and a perseverance in its pursuit that stops at no trifling obstacle. While yet at the district 
 school where the family resided, he chanced to get hold of an old Latin grammar and imme- 
 diately determined to master the language. He subsequently pursued his classical studies under 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DtJ LAC COUNTY. 463 
 
 the tuition of William H. Maynard, who at length became distinguished as a lawyer and states- 
 man. Young Tallmadge commenced his collegiate course at Williams College, in Massachu- 
 setts, where he remained nearly two years, when he removed to Schenectady, and finally gradu- 
 ated with honors in July, 1815. He commenced the study of law in Poughkeepsie, in the oflBce 
 of his kinsman. Gen. James Tallmadge, who then stood in the front rank of his profession. He 
 was a close student, and when other young men, professedly engaged in similar pursuits, were 
 returning home late at night from convivial assemblies, he might be seen alone, by the dim 
 light of his lamp, absorbed in his studies. At the age of twenty-three, he was admitted to the 
 bar. In 1824, he began to take an interest in political aflairs, and, in 1828, was a member of 
 Assembly from Dutchess County. In the same body were Elisha Williams, Erastus Root, 
 Francis Granger, Benjamin F. Butler, Luther Bradish, Ogden Hoffman, Robert Emmett and 
 others scarcely less distinguished. Mr. Tallmadge soon ranked with the most prominent mem- 
 bers and, during the revision of the statutes, he took an active part, discussing with acknowl- 
 edged ability the most profound questions of political economy and jurisprudence. 
 
 In 1829, Mr. Tallmadge, at the earnest solicitation of his Democratic fellow-citizens, 
 reluctantly consented to be a candidate for the place made vacant by Peter R. Livingston, who 
 had gone over to the opposite political party. He was accordingly nominated and elected to 
 the State Senate without formal opposition. He took his seat in January, 1830, and soon 
 became distinguished as one of the ablest debaters in that body. He had always sustained the 
 canal policy of De Witt Clinton, and when a Chairman of the Committee on C-anals was wanted 
 the choice fell on Mr. Tallmadge. At the same time, the subject of railroads began to attract 
 public attention in this country. No man in the State was better informed in respect to the 
 experiments in Europe than Mr. Tallmadge, and his information was embodied in an elaborate 
 report to the Senate, in which he discussed the feasibility of a railroad along the banks of the 
 Hudson, and intimated that travelers, in haste to reach their destination, would soon leave the 
 stream for the shore, and the spectator be " amazed at velocity which only lags behind the 
 celerity of thought." Twenty years elapsed and the Hudson River road was completed. 
 
 Before the expiration of his term in the State Senate, Mr. Tallmadge was elected United 
 States Senator for the term of six years, and entered upon the duties of that office in December, 
 1833. He was the youngest member of that body, but his talents, both as a lawyer and legislator, 
 made him conspicuous even among the eminent orators and statesmen of the generation that 
 has just passed away. He exerted a powerful influence during the slavery agitation in Congress. 
 Mr. Calhoun maintained that the Senate should not receive the petitions for its abolition, either 
 in the District of Columbia or elsewhere. Mr. Tallmadge took a firm stand against him, insisting 
 that the people had an undoubted right to offer any petition to Congress, and that so long as 
 such petitions were couched in respectable terms, the Senate was bound to receive them. The 
 Senator from South Carolina could not let the matter rest, and at length Mr. Tallmadge, in a 
 masterly speech, took occasion to present the subject in its essential principles, its historical 
 relations and its practical bearings. Mr. Van Buren was in the Chair and the Senate Chamber 
 was crowded with anxious listeners. Mr. Calhoun was not prepared to reply ; many Southern 
 Senators admitted the great force of the argument for the right of petition, and the President 
 of the Senate personally complimented Mr. Tallmadge for the sound discretion and distinguished 
 ability which characterized his speech. When Mr. Calhoun subsequently returned to the sub- 
 ject, he was promptly met and silenced by the Senator from New York. 
 
 It was near the close of his first term in the Senate that Mr. Tallmadge felt constrained to 
 oppose certain measures recommended by Mr. Van Buren, which excited the displeasure and 
 hostility of the latter. Mr. Tallmadge was not the man to be intimidated by denunciation or 
 diverted from the purpose inspired by his sense of duty. The controversy was pointed and 
 vehement. The press, in the interest of Mr. Van Buren's administration, charged Mr. Tall- 
 madge with political apostacy. The last personal interview between those gentlemen was char- 
 acterized by great freedom and not a little asperity of speech. The President insisted that the 
 Senator from New York did not comprehend the spirit and wishes of the people. " I will show 
 
464 HISTORY OF FOND DTT LAC COUNTY. 
 
 you." said Mr. Tallmadge, " that I do understand the people. I am one of them — born in the 
 same county with yourself. But I am much more recently from amongst them than you are. 
 You have been abroad, lu.xuriating on aristocratic couches, and mingling in lordly associations, 
 until you have forgotten what constitutes a republican people." " Well," rejoined Mr. Van 
 Buren, "we shall see." " Be it so," said the Senator from New York, " be it so, ' thou shalt see 
 me at Philippi.' " 
 
 Mr. Tallmadge did not misjudge in presuming that the public sentiment would sustain him. 
 The sympathies of the people were with him ; and on his return to New York from congres- 
 sional session, he was honored with a grand ovation. An immense cavalcade met him at the 
 steamboat landing and escorted him through Broadway to the Astor House. The streets were 
 thronged and his presence excited tlie greatest enthusiasm. In the evening, he was honored with 
 a public reception at National Hall. 
 
 Mr. Tallmadge proceeded to organize the Democracy of New York with a view of prevent- 
 ing the re-election of Mr. Van Buren. This purpose was fully accomplished and in the suc- 
 ceeding national canvass the latter was defeated. Gen. Harrison was the Presidential candi- 
 date of the Whigs, and Mr. Tallmadge would have been the choice of the nominating conven- 
 tion for Vice President, but he declined the nomination. Had his personal ambition been 
 equal to his ability, he would doubtless have numbered among the Presidents of the United 
 States. In January, 1840, he was returned to the Senate of the United States from New York, 
 and his re-election was regarded as a triumph of principle over partisan restraints and the un- 
 scrupulous exercise of executive power. " We hail," said an influential paper, "the return of 
 of Mr. Tallmadge — the great conservative chieftain, who refused to quail beneath executive 
 denunciation and party ostracism — to the Senate of the United States, with the most profound 
 and heart-felt joy. It bespeaks the vitality of principle and the triumph of a righteous cause 
 in the land." Mr. Tallmadge was offered a seat in Gen. Harrisons cabinet, and subsequently 
 a foreign mission, both of which he declined. At the close of the session of 1844, Mr. 
 Tyler nominated him for the oflice of Governor of Wisconsin Territory. He had just purchased 
 lands near the village of Fond du Lac, with a view of making it a permanent home ; and, after 
 mature deliberation, he resolved to resign his seat in the Senate and accept the place offered him 
 by President Tyler. His nomination was at once unanimously confirmed by the Senate. Dur- 
 ing his Senatorial career, he served on the committees charged with management of the public 
 lands, on the Committee on Naval Affairs, and on that of Foreign Relations, on all of which 
 he displayed the same industry and ability. With the acceptance of the Governorship of Wiscon- 
 sin Territory and the entering upon the duties of that office, ended his career in the political arena, 
 outside of Wisconsin. In the United States Senate, he deserved and was accorded an eminent 
 position. " His style," says a writer of the day, "is lucid and classical — he reasons with force 
 and energy. Ilis language is copious, and his powers of illustration always apparent. His 
 speeches are frequently interspread with poetical allusions, which appear — not like awkward 
 strangers — but fitting with ease the context * * * and the subject-matter to which they are 
 applied. This is a legitimate exercise of the credit system in letters. Scholarship and literary 
 attainments are evident in everything that escapes him." 
 
 When he came to Wisconsin, the country well understood that some of the most important 
 reforms had received from him an earnest advocacy. It well knew that he was one of the first 
 to urge a reduction in the rates of postage ; and that every beneficent measure — whether 
 designed to check executive usurpation, to enfranchise labor, or otherwise to guard the liberties 
 of the people and the sanctity of the law — received his cordial support. It could not forget his 
 indignant condemnation of every form of injustice, and his supreme devotion to principle ; nor 
 could it be unmindful of the intelligent and liberal influence he had exerted in public affairs, 
 and the large place he occupied in the public confidence and esteem. 
 
 " 1 find in my account-book," writes Gustav de Neveu, " that I commenced giving French 
 lessons on the 5th day of December, 1844, to a class composed of Miss Laura Tallmadge, John 
 Tallmadge, Mary and James Doty, and Fanny and James Conklin, at their respective homes, 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 465 
 
 alternating each week from house to house, and three times a week, teacher and pupils 
 meeting at the appointed house for the purpose. The three families lived about one and a half 
 miles apart, the house of Col. Conklin northernmost, on Section 7, Township 15, Range 18; 
 Gov. Doty, on south half of the same section, and Gov. Tallmadge, farther south, near the 
 north line of Section 19. The house of Gov. Doty, being in the middle, was about half a mile 
 from that of Col. Conklin, and not much over a mile from Gov. Tallmadge's. 
 
 " It is ray impression," continues Mr. de Neveu, "that the family of the latter came here 
 in the summer of 184-1, but that neither he nor his son Isaac, then unmarried and who was sec- 
 retary to his father during the hitter's brief office as Governor of Wisconsin, were there at the 
 time. The family occupied a large and, for that period, elegant and convenient log house, built 
 in anticipation of their coming by Harry Giltner. Grier Tallmadge was at West Point; Miss 
 Louisa Tallmadge, afterward Mrs. Boardman, was at a female seminary. East (I think Mrs. 
 Willard's, at Troy, N. Y). There were then in the family Mrs. Tallmadge, nee. Smith ; Miss 
 Laura, Miss Julia, afterward Mrs. A. G- Ruggles ; William and John. William died in that 
 house a year or two afterward, and was buried on a mound visible from his bed, and belonging 
 to the estate, in accordance with his request. This was the origin of the beautiful Rienzi Cem- 
 etery. William was its first occupant. The Governor then generously donated ten acres for the 
 purpose of a burying-ground, to a company who were to expend all the receipts for the sale of 
 lots in adorning and beautifying it. Accessions have been made by purchase since, both from 
 Gov. Tallmadge and from other parties, and the cemetery now contains, I think, about fifty-five 
 acres. It is beautifully located, commanding an extensive view of lake and prairie, as well as 
 of the city, to which it is easily accessible and about three miles distant. 
 
 "■ Mr. E. Beeson, who lives in Fond du Lac, tells me that he thinks Gov. Tallmadge's 
 family came in the spring or summer of 1844. They stopped at his house, then four miles 
 south of the city, on a Saturday evening, staying over night and the next day. The two boys took 
 down their guns in the morning, and Mrs. Tallmadge, who was then knitting, said to them : ' Do 
 you know, boys, that you are going to break the Sabbath ?' to which Mrs. Beeson remarked : 
 ' Why, Mrs. Tallmadge, what are you doing yourself?' This was a surprise, and Mrs. Tallmadge, 
 who had mechanically taken up her knitting without thinking of the day, put it by in a hurry. 
 
 " I believe that Governor Tallmadge spent much of his time in Washington in the early 
 years of his settlement here. Some seventy acres of prairie had been broken on the farm, the 
 fall preceding the arrival of the family, by his brother, William R. Tallmadge, and Cornelius 
 Davis, who afterward built a mill on the creek that runs through Section 7, near what was J. D. 
 Doty's residence. Gov. Tallmadge was considered a resident of this county to the time of his 
 death, in November, 1864. He died at his daughter's house, in Michigan. His remains were 
 brought to Fond du Lac, and he was buried by the side of his son and wife in the family lot in 
 Rienzi Cemetery." 
 
 Mr. Tallmadge reared a large family, consisting of Isaac S., W. D. (deceased, and the first 
 buried in Rienzi Cemetery, near Fond du Lac), Grier (who died a Captain in the rebellion), Mary, 
 Louisa, Laura, John, James, Julia T. (Mrs. A. G. Ruggles, of Fond du Lac) and Emily. His wife. 
 Abbey Smith, daughter of Judge Isaac Smith, of New York, was one of the first women of 
 Wisconsin. She was a lady of culture and breadth, but gave a large share of her time to doing 
 good. Her charity was like rain — descended alike upon the just and the unjust. She loved 
 hospitality, too, nearly as well as her husband, and for some years joined Mr. Tallmadge in the 
 strife to see which should entertain most liberally and cordially — his own ample house or that 
 of his near friend and neighbor, John B. Macy. 
 
 The last few years of Gov. Tallmadge's life were spent in feeble health; and he resided some 
 of the time among his friends in the East. Just before he died, a visitor to his "forest home," 
 on the Ledge in the town of Empire, remarked that one who possessed such a home, ought to 
 live forever to enjoy it. " Oh," replied the Governor, " I have no idea of remaining here, I 
 am only preparing this for some one else, who has no better situation. I understand that up 
 there (looking toward heaven), where I am going, they have much finer places than this." He 
 
466 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 died at dusk after a beautiful sunset, while the leaves were falling from the forest trees that 
 shaded his pleasant home, on the 2d of November, 1864, in the seventieth year of his age. 
 
 Before his death, Mr. Tallmadge prepared the manuscript for a biography of himself, suffi- 
 cient to make a large volume, and entrusted it to S. B. Brittain, of New York. It has not yet 
 been published. 
 
 The ashes of Nathaniel Potter Tallmadge rest on the top of the hill in the "old grounds" 
 of Rienzi Cemetery, about four miles from Fond du Lac, in a spot chosen by himself, when he 
 gave, free of cost, that portion of his farm for cemetery purposes. 
 
 .Tame.s Dt'ane Doty 
 
 was a native of Salem, Washington Co., N. Y., where he was born in 1799. In the year 1818, 
 he settled at Detroit, Mich.; and, a young lawyer of good repute, he was the next year admitted 
 to the Supreme Court of that Territory, and was the .same year promoted rapidly to places of 
 public trust, being appointed Secretary of the Legislative Council, and Clerk of the Court. 
 
 Gov. Cass, in 1820, made his famous tour of the Great Lakes, and the Mississippi to its 
 source, traveling a distance of 4,000 miles with his party, in five bark canoes. Doty was 
 selected by the Governor to command one of the birch flotilla, C. C. Trowbridge and John H. 
 Kinzie each having charge of another. The trip from Detroit to Mackinaw and the Sault Ste. 
 Marie consumed nearly ninety days, and was one of great diflficulty and. peril. It was on this 
 occasion that Gov. Cass, supported by his assistants and canoe-men, in the presence of the 
 assembled dignitaries of the fierce Chippewas, and in defiance of their menaces, pulled down 
 the British flag, which those Indians had displayed on the American side of the straits on his 
 arrival, and hoisted the Stars and Stripes in its place. Doty was present, and aided with his 
 own hands in displaying the American flag. The party left Detroit early in May, traversed the 
 lakes, and reached the source of the Mississippi, held conferences with various Indian tribes, 
 and returned the last of November. Doty, besides having charge of one of the canoes, acted 
 as secretary of the expedition. 
 
 In the winter of 1822-23, Congress passed an "Act to provide for the Appointment of an 
 Additional Judge for the Michigan Territory," and to establish courts in the counties of Michili- 
 mackinac. Brown and Crawford ; these counties embracing, besides much other territory, all of 
 what is now the State of Wisconsin. From the numerous applicants for the place, President 
 Monroe selected Doty for the new Judge. 
 
 In May, 1823, he was already on the way to his new circuit, accompanied by his wife, 
 whom he had just married. 
 
 Doty lost no time in entering upon his duties as a Judge of a country sufficient in extent 
 for an empire. He repaired forthwith to Prairie du Chien, organized the judiciary of Crawford 
 County, and opened court. It was no easy task to inaugurate justice in these wilds, to create 
 sheriffs, clerks and jurors out of half-breed Indian traders, voi/ageurs and couriers du hois; 
 but the tact, talent and perseverance of the young Judge prevailed. Doty had thought to make 
 Prairie du Chien his resting-place, his home, but finally determined on a permanent residence at 
 Green Bay, where he resided twenty years. 
 
 The Judge proceeded to organize courts in Michilimackinac and Brown Counties, where he 
 found the inhabitants generally disposed to render every assistance in bringing a wild country 
 subject to law and order. The terms were held with regularity throughout the whole district. He 
 continued to discharge his onerous duties for nine years, and until superseded by Judge Irwin, 
 in 1832. Relieved from the cares and responsibilities of the judgeship and courts, he immedi- 
 ately commenced, on his own resources, a personal examination, by repeated tours, of the coun- 
 try that now constitutes Wisconsin and Northern Illinois. It was then inhabited and possessed 
 largely by the aborigines. He visited every village of note, made himself acquainted with, and 
 gained the good will of, the chiefs, and contributed in no small degree fo the good under- 
 standing which followed between the Government and these savage tribes. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 467 
 
 In 1830, Congress made an appropriation for surveying and locating a military road from 
 Green Bay to Chicago and to Prairie du Chien. Doty and Lieut. Center were appointed Com- 
 missioners to survey and locate these roads. 
 
 Doty's talents for usefulness were now conceded and appreciated by all. The people of 
 the District of Michigan, west of the lake, elected him to the Legislative Council in 1884, in 
 which he served with marked ability for two years. It was while he was a member of that body 
 that the policy of a State government began to be agitated. This he favored and he was the first 
 to introduce a measure looking to its accomplishment, which finally prevailed. Returning from 
 the Legislative Council, he became an active operator in the public land sales, which were 
 opened at Green Bay in 1835—36. 
 
 The rapid settlement of the country beyond the Great Lakes called for a new Territorial 
 government — a separation from Michigan. Congress passed the act creating the Territorial 
 government of Wisconsin in 1836. Henry Dodge received the appointment of Governor, and 
 assembled the first Legislature at Belmont. One of the most important matters brought 
 before that body, and to be settled by it, was the location of the seat of government. Doty, 
 though remaining in private life, had not been idle, and especially was not uninterested in this 
 matter of a capital for Wisconsin. There was great excitement over the matter in the Legis- 
 lature. While others were planning. Doty was acting. He appeared at Belmont as a lobby- 
 member; and almost before the Solons knew of it, by his superior tact had brought about a 
 vote fixing the seat of government at Madison. There was a good deal of sparring and fault- 
 finding with Doty and his management at the time, but all agree now that it was then, as it has 
 seen to be since, just the right place for the capital. 
 
 Wisconsin, as an organized Territory, had now a delegate in Congress. Doty succeeded 
 George W. Jones in 1838, and served till 1841, when he was appointed Governor of Wiscon- 
 sin by President Tyler, serving nearly three years, and was succeeded by N. P. Tallmadge. 
 While Governor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs, the Indians in Minnesota — Sioux and 
 Chippewas — began to be uneasy and troublesome. The War Department instituted a com- 
 mission for conference with them. Doty, on account of his known acquaintance with Indian 
 character, was selected as Commissioner, and made two highly important treaties with the 
 Northwestern Indian tribes, which, however, were not accepted by the Senate. 
 
 He was a member of the first Constitutional Convention in Wisconsin in 1846 ; was 
 elected to Congress from the Third District under the State organization of 1848, and re-elected 
 in 1851, and procured by his industry and influence important legislation for the State and his 
 constituency. 
 
 In 1853, he retired once more to "private life," to be recalled by President Lincoln in 
 1861, first as Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and subsequently as Governor of Utah; hold- 
 ing this last appointment at the time of his death, June 13, 1865. He lived in Fond du Lac 
 County, town of Empire, for two years — from 1844 to 1846 — when he removed to Menasha, 
 on Doty's Island, his last residence. 
 
 Maecellus Kent Stow 
 was a prominent and respected citizen of Fond du Lac County. He came from a stock famous 
 in Northern New York, in the early part of this century, for learning, wit and hospitality. 
 His iiither was Judge Silas Stow, of Lowville, Lewis Co., N. Y., one of the most brilliant men 
 of his day, an able lawyer and judge, and elegant classical scholar, a member of Congress in 
 1812, and the friend and compeer of Chancellor Kent, De Witt Clinton, Gen. Brady, Judges 
 Cowen, Carnes and other luminaries of that period. 
 
 In an old number of the Albany Evening Journal may be found this mention of the old 
 Judge, his social station and surroundings : 
 
 "One of the most hospital and generous of men. Numerous were the guests that thronged 
 the old ' Stow mansion ; ' the quiet village, nestled there in the north, and fringed with the 
 ■woods that inclosed Black River, was often graced with wit, learning and beauty that even a 
 
468 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 metropolis might have envied. Fine equipages swept along the old ' State road ; ' song and 
 wine and wit and eloquence sparkled and flowed ; men of rank from Europe came there ; 
 scholars from University halls ; statesmen from the national councils ; soldiers who had gal- 
 lantly fought ; women who had reigned as belles in brilliant circles for away." 
 
 In such an atmosphere the subject of this sketch was born and reared, and he inherited and 
 bore through life, the high traits and characteristics of a noble sire. 
 
 There were three brothers of them, all distinguished for great native talent, high culture, 
 eloquence, judicial ability and integrity and eminent social gifts. 
 
 Hon. Horatio J. Stow was for many years a distinguished lawyer and Judge of the Record- 
 er's Court of Buffalo. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, and a State Senator 
 of New York in 1857. 
 
 Alexander W. Stow, many years ago Chief Justice of Wisconsin, and a resident of Fond 
 du Lac County, was, despite his eccentricities, a man of most Avonderful mental powers and 
 attainments, a scholar and lawyer almost without a peer in our State annals, of the soundest 
 judgment and unblemished integrity. 
 
 Marcellus Kent Stow was, like all the sons of the "old Judge," educated to the legal pro- 
 fession, and was for several yeai's an able and popular member of the Lewis and Jefferson 
 County bars, and Judge of the Jefferson County Court. Afterward he became actively 
 engaged in shipping, banking and real-estate operations at Sacket's Harbor, then in its palmy days. 
 
 Some curious old documents preserved among his papers, while contributing facts to his 
 biography, illustrate strikingly the dignity of old-time ways as compared with our '"Young 
 American " idea of things. 
 
 One of these is an elaborate and formal military commission issued and signed by De Witt 
 Clinton, Governor, sealed with "our seal for military commissions," the device of which is a 
 wonderful spread eagle perch'ed on a globe, with the legend "Excelsior" inscribed about the 
 margin. This document appoints and constitutes " Marcellus K. Stow, Judge Advocate of the 
 Twenty-sixth Brigade of Infantry of our State," and bears date April 12, 1825. 
 
 Another is a parchment diploma " by the Hon. John Savage, Chief Justice of the State 
 of New York," with the seal of the Supreme Court artistically attached by and on a white satin 
 "tag," and bearing date the 26th day of October, "in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 
 hundred and twenty-seven, in the fifty-second year of the Independence of the United States 
 of America." This document authorizes and licenses the said Marcellus K. Stow to appear and 
 practice in the Supreme Court as an attorney. 
 
 This is followed ten years later by a like parchment, dated April 4, 1837, " by the Hon. 
 R. Hyde Walworth, Chancellor of the State of New York," admitting and licensing Mar- 
 cellus K. Stow as a solicitor and counselor in the Court of Chancery of the State of New York. 
 
 These diplomas or licenses were only issued upon most rigid examination and proofs of 
 several years of professional study and preparation. Now-a-days, the sweeping of a lawyer's 
 office for a few months, tlie exhibition of requisite " cheek," and subscription to a dog-eared 
 roll of attorneys in the Clerk's office develops a full-fledged barrister, authorized to practice in 
 law, chancery and all courts short of the high court of heaven. 
 
 Judge Stow married, at Brownville, Jefferson Co., N. Y., in October, 1837, Mary W., 
 the daughter of Gen. Thom.as Loomis, then and since a prominent man in the Black River sec- 
 tion of New York, and, in the year 1852, came with his wife and children to the city of Fond 
 du Lac. He purchased several tracts of land in Section 11, and erecte<l the Stow homestead 
 in the oak grove on East Division street, where lie resided continuously until his death in June, 
 1871. His widow, loved and respected by all, with two of the children. Miss Anna and James 
 W., yet occupy this old homestead. 
 
 He brought with him here and ever maintained the character of an able, upright, enter- 
 prising business man. His acquaintance was co-extensive with the population of this city and 
 county. Every one knew him then and remembers him now as an exceptionally generous, genial 
 and hospitable gentleman. 
 
FOND DU LAC. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 471 
 
 He was an honored member of the bar of Fond du Lac County, and, in 1865, was elected 
 Judge of the County Court, which position he filled with marked ability, dignity, integrity and 
 promptness, until his failing health compelled his resignation in 1868. 
 
 Then for four long weary years, cheered only by the devotion of a noble wife and loving 
 children, and the general friendship and sympathy of our community, he gradually but surely 
 failed in body and mind, lingering in the valley of the shadow of death until that evening in 
 June, his life went down with the sun as peacefully and gently as an infant falling asleep in its 
 mother's arms. He died June 10, 1871. 
 
 His surviving children are William L. Stow, General Agent at Toledo, Ohio, of the Lake 
 Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company ; Mary E., wife of W. D. Conklin, of Fond du 
 Lac; Fred D. Stow, General Central Agent of the Merchants" Dispatch Transportation Com- 
 pany, at Buffalo, N. Y.; Miss Anna P. Stow, and James W. Stow, Corresponding Clerk of the 
 First National Bank, at Fond du Lac. 
 
 John B. Macy. 
 
 The career of John B. Macy in Fond du Lac County was brief, if measured by years, but 
 it was rich in great events and colossal in work for the public. He was born in Nantucket, 
 R. I., March 25, 1799, and, after finishing the liberal education which all New Englanders in 
 easy circumstances receive, embarked at once in a series of heavy business transactions, contracts 
 and speculations, which ended only with his tragic death. 
 
 At the sale of the Fond du Lac Company's lands, Mr. Macy came to Wisconsin and made 
 heavy purchases of real estate, and, in 1850, moved with his family to the town of Empire, 
 near de Neveu Lake. He began building at once on a large scale, and although ho soon had a 
 magnificent place, with stone archways, handsome drives and a large yard shaded by all the 
 trees common to Wisconsin forests and nurseries, continued the erection of buildings until his 
 death. 
 
 He was all activity and enterprise — a leading spirit in all the g^eat undertakings of the 
 day. Perhaps no man did so much for the city of Fond du Lac, in the way of advertising the 
 location, wealth, health and future prospects of the place, as John B. Macy. Wherever he went, 
 he talked enthusiastically of the Fountain City, and always declared that before he reached his 
 hundredth birthday, it would contain 30,000 inhabitants and a half dozen railroads. He cer- 
 tainly did more than any other man to attract capital to Fond du Lac County, for it was through 
 his repeated visits to the East, and by virtue of his enthusiastic persistency that Robert J. Walker 
 and other heavy capitalists were induced to invest liberally in what is now the Chicago & North- 
 western Railroad, which had its beginning in the city of Fond du Lac. One great scheme no 
 sooner neared a successful consummation than he rushed into another. He planned and handled 
 the largest enterprise as easily as ordinary men do their most trivial every-day affairs. 
 
 In 1852, he was sent to Congress in order to be in a position to more rapidly help on his 
 railroad schemes and the Fox River improvement, but was defeated in 1854 for re-election on 
 account of what was termed his " un-Democratic action " on the Kansas-Nebraska bill. 
 
 Notwithstanding his large and perplexing business affairs, Mr. Macy found much time for 
 social gatherings. He loved whole-souled generosity, and his house was the scene of more 
 hospitality — dispensed with a peculiar aristocracy that showed a proud family and a good breed- 
 ing, at the same time with that cordiality and indiscrimination that made everybody, whether 
 rich or poor, not only welcome, but perfectly equal and at home — than any other in the county, 
 not excepting that of N. P. Tallmadge's. 
 
 Mr. Macy was drowned from the burning steamer Niagara, about one mile from Port Wash- 
 ington, on Lake Michigan, September 24, 1856. His body was never recovered. 
 
 He was a man of extraordinary physical development and of commanding presence, being 
 considerably over six feet in height, elegant in carriage, perfect in address and entertaining in 
 conversation. He had two children — John B., who died in 1850, and Elizabeth B., who married 
 M. J. Thomas, only to be left a widow in November, 1859, by reason of the Bellville disaster, 
 
472 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 where Mr. Thomas, then United States Marshal, was killed. She now resides in Buifalo, N. 
 Y., but without any relatives belonging to the Macy family. 
 
 The quaint but ample homestead erected by Mr. Macy is now owned and occupied by David 
 Giddings. It is but a few rods from de Neveu Lake and attracts the attention of all visitors 
 and travelers. 
 
 Mason C. DAitLiNft 
 
 was born in Amherst, Mass., in May, 1801, of old Puritan Yankee stock. His family settled 
 in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.. He graduated at Berkshire Medical College, Pittsfield, 
 and practiced in Greenwich, Amherst and adjoining towns. 
 
 In 1823, he married Naomi Ingram, of Amherst. He was sent for several terms as Rep- 
 resentative to the Legislature of Massachusetts. In 1837, being obliged to quit practice, on 
 account of ill health, he emigrated to Sheboygan, Wis., where he held some lands and interest 
 in mill property, in connection with R. B. Marcy (now Brigadier General of United States 
 Army). In 1838, he e-xchanged his property at Sheboygan, with J. D. Doty, for property at 
 Fond du Lac, Wis., and settled there in 1838 ; his family arriving there in June of the same 
 year. 
 
 At Fond du Lac, his property was south of and adjoining the old Fond du Lac Company 
 plat, and he owned also an interest in the Fond du Lac property. He platted his land, built 
 upon it, gave away lots for schoolhouses. Court House site and grounds, churches, for merchants, 
 mechanics, lawyers and doctors, and, in the course of a few years, he found a thrifty village growing 
 around him. Meantime, he practiced medicine, kept a public house for travelers, entered lands 
 for settlers, built houses and stores for citizens and business men, gave away much of his pro- 
 perty to induce settlers and improvements, and lived to see his village grow into the city of 
 Fond du Lac. 
 
 He was a man not without faults, but with many excellent qualities. He had his friends 
 and enemies, as all men of positive qualities will have. 
 
 From 1840 to 1847, he was chosen a member of the Territorial Legislature. In 1846-47, 
 he was chosen Speaker of the House. In 1847-48, he was elected to the Council of the Ter- 
 ritorial Legislature. In 1848, he was elected a member of Congress from the Second District 
 of Wisconsin. He was the first Mayor of Fond du Lac. 
 
 In 1864, he removed to Chicago, where he had business and investments, and, in 1866, he 
 died there of diphtheria, and was buried in Rienzi Cemetery, Fond du Lac, in sight of the city 
 which he had founded. For a number of years before his death, he was a member of the Con- 
 gregational Church at Fond du Lac, and was a consistent member of it at the time of his death. 
 
 Whether wisely or not, the inception, the start and growth of Fond du Lac as it is, was 
 due largely to the shrewdness, vigor, energy and watchful cai'e of Mason C. Darling. But for 
 his gifts of lots for various purposes, the city would possibly have been built at Taycheedah. 
 
 Henky Conklin 
 
 was born in 1794, near Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y. He received a common-school 
 education, commenced business as a merchant at Poughkeepsie, and soon after became propri- 
 etor of the Main Street Docks and engaged extensively in the forwarding and shipping trade 
 on the Hudson River. He was the cotemporary and friend of Cornelius Vanderbilt in the 
 North River steamboating and transportation enterprises of fifty years ago. He was one of the 
 founders of the " up-river" whaling trade, and built the first (and we believe only) three whal- 
 ing-ships, with their apartment docks, oil-houses, etc., at Poughkeepsie. He also developed 
 the iron-ore beds at Beekman and Amenia, organized companies, built furnaces and inaugurated 
 and carried on, at that day, an extensive shipping trade in pig iron, etc., with the old Albany 
 and Troy stove and iron manufactories. 
 
 He held several local offices, and represented Dutchess County in the New York Legislature 
 several terms, as a Henry Clay Whig. The anti-tariflf disturbances and financial crashes of 
 1838-40 shattered the handsome fortune his energy and enterprise had built up, and led hira to 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 473 
 
 seek new fields in the Far West. After spending the summer of 1841 in prospecting the wil- 
 derness of the Northwest, he, in the fell of that year, gathered together the remnant of his fort- 
 une, his family and household goods, and emigrated to this, the spot he had selected for his 
 future home. We thought then that "out West" was easily accessible, compared with the 
 means of transportation within the reach of our grandfathers. Yet, the subject of this sketch, 
 with ample means to use the fastest lines, by steamboat to Albany, by canal to Buffalo, by " the 
 stanch and fast upper-lake steamer Columbus," to Green Bay, by Durham boat up the Fox River 
 and Winnebago Lake, only got his family and " plunder " into their " diggins " after a month's 
 toil and travel. 
 
 Col. Conklin, as he was then, in accordance with the custom of the country, called, and 
 which title he bore and was always known by, brought with him his indomitable pluck, enter- 
 prise and business habits, together with perhaps more capital in cash than was then possessed 
 by the whole county besides. He settled first at the big spring, under the Ledge, where Sherift 
 Colman now resides, built the old log house, since moved and now standing on the west side of 
 the highway just beyond Colman's. This house was a palace in those days. The first house 
 with real shingles, with pine floors, board partitions and ■' pinted-up " with real lime mortar — 
 luxurious materials, all carted from Green Bay or Fort Howard, over the old military and 
 Doty road. 
 
 He entered large tracts of land in Empire, Byron, Oakfield and on Calumet prairie ; 
 started several farms, built the first grist-mill, the "Mountain Mill," three miles east of the 
 city of Fond du Lac, and afterward built the Oakfield Mills. He drove overland from Ohio 
 the fii'st large flock of sheep to this county, and distributed them amongst the few farmers then 
 settled and settling here. 
 
 He stocked and fitted up the first extensive dairy farm in this part of the county, each 
 1,000 acres of land with fifty to one hundred cows ; three barrel churns, worked by machinery 
 with horse or dog power, after the old style, before cheese and butter factories were dreamed of. 
 
 Ever liberal, active, sanguine, he invested his means in, or lent a helping hand to, many 
 of the pioneer exterprises of our county, connected with farming, milling and stock-raising on 
 a large scale — eschewing his old ventures in the mercantile and city lines of business. His 
 ideas were, like those of many pioneers, in advance of his times. With the then limited mar- 
 kets, machinery and transportation, a successful Dalrymple wheat farm or Colorado stock ranche 
 was impracticable if not impossible. 
 
 His Whig principles found no congenial clime in this red-hot Loco-foco section, and it is 
 believed he never, after an early day, aspired or interested himself much in politics. 
 
 He was, with his good wife, a faithful, consistent Christian, and member of the Baptist 
 denomination, and prominent among the founders and supporters of the first Baptist Church of 
 Fond du Lac. 
 
 After about 1856, he lived a quiet, retired life, in the city of Fond du Lac ; suffered long 
 from ill health, culminating in paralysis and softening of the brain, and died in the year 1868, 
 aged seventy-four years. 
 
 Many an old settler is indebted to the kind heart and open hand of the " old Colonel " for 
 a quiet lift or a fair start in life here, and the memory of his genial disposition and manly 
 character is green in the hearts of all our surviving pioneers, as well as many of the later 
 generation. 
 
 Allie Arnold Crawford 
 
 was born in the city of Fond du Lac February 10, 1850. She was the only daughter of Leon- 
 ard and Lucy Arnold. Her life measured but a brief space in years. It is seldom one meets 
 a person who combined so many noble qualities, and who possessed no bad ones. She was 
 respected and loved by, and had the confidence of, all classes. The poor man, woman or child 
 received a greeting as cordial as was extended to the rich and refined. Nothing could induce 
 her to utter a word or do an act that would wound the feelings of any one. Nothing gave her 
 more pain than to think that a word or deed of hers could be construed as conveying a slight 
 
474 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 offense. She was a pure-souled, tender-hearted, sweet-tempered, large-minded, noble woman. 
 No one could become acquainted and converse with her without feeling that he was in the pres- 
 ence of a person far above the average. Modest, unassuming, great — great in intellect, good- 
 ness of heart, purity of character, and in all that goes to make up a perfect type of a woman. 
 
 She graduated from the high school in 1867, with the highest honors. It was about this 
 time that one of her essays attracted general attention, and was pronounced by many as one of 
 the best written papers that had come from the pen of a Wisconsin student. She had written 
 many poems previous to that, some of which were published and well received. From the date 
 of her graduation up to within a month or two before her death, she wrote a great deal, both 
 prose and poetry. Commencing with the Fond du Lac press, it was but a short time until she 
 was requested to write for some of the foremost papers and magazines in the country. Her 
 productions always commanded a good price. During the three last years of her life, she was 
 a regular contributor to the Christian Union, the Christian at Work, Harper s Weekly, the 
 New York Independent, the Chicago Advance and various other papers. Her "Easter Morn- 
 ing," published in Harper's Weekly, was highly praised by some of the best authors in the 
 country. Had her physical strength equaled her mental, and had her life been spared, Mrs. 
 Crawford would have become one of the very first among the long list of lady writers in Amer- 
 ica. Her loss to the home circle, the social and literary world, and to humanity, was very 
 great. She died at Traverse City. Mich. 
 
 The words ''Allie Arnold is dead," sank deep into the hearts of every man, woman and 
 child who knew her. They felt that they had met a great loss. Never was sorrow more genu- 
 ine. One of earth's purest gems had passed over to that other and better world. 
 
 Mrs. Crawford left a devoted, grief-stricken husband, mother and brother to mourn the loss 
 of one they loved with all their hearts. Mrs. Arnold, her mother, was at her bedside for 
 months, ministering to her every want as only a mother could. She left one child, a beautiful 
 little girl six months old. 
 
 " She was," says a writer, "at a very tender age deprived by death of her father's guard- 
 ianship, and early became to her widowed mother and younger brother, not only the loving 
 daughter and affectionate sister, but their counselor, comforter and sustainer. 
 
 "As the truest instincts of the human heart, either in individuals or as public sentiment, 
 demand ' honor to whom honor is due,' so, at school and in social life, the highest honors were 
 royally and gratefully accorded to her. Her marriage to Mr. Charles A. Ci'awford, of Traverse 
 City, Mich., took place on September 8, 1872. From this time until her death, two years 
 later. Traverse City was her home. The transfer of homes brought no loss to the flower, and 
 friends, new and old, wondered at the marvelous florescence of brain and heart. 
 
 " But it was through her graceful and gifted pen that the light from her beautiful soul-life 
 went gleaming away in every direction beyond the circle of those who could receive the inspira- 
 tion from personal association. She seemed to have divined — perhaps unconsciously — that our 
 ideals must be, to a great extent, personally incarnated in order to accomplish the greatest good 
 upon human heart ; so brain and heart were mutual helpers, and the young life was full of 
 promise and prophecy, the fulfillment of which was growing daily more beautiful until the steps 
 began to falter, and even then the life-work went on, for the true ' Allie ' — the clear mind and 
 pure, loving heart — did not falter. 
 
 " The amount of work she accomplished was something marvelous. She was, for years, a 
 regular contributor to the Fond du Lac papers, also a frequent contributor to Harper s Weekly, 
 the Advance, the Christian at Work, the Christian Union, and other prominent papers. 
 
 " The numerous regretful and appreciative press notices of her death, in these and other 
 papers, attest the high esteem in which her writings are held. 
 
 "Among the many beautiful poems found in her published volume, 'A Few Thoughts for 
 a Few Friends,' all deserving of high praise, we may name ' Blind Handel,' ' The Gates Ajar,' 
 'The Forest Easter,' and 'After the Storm,' as having received special commendation and ful- 
 filled a special mission. Her writings are truly a precious legacy to her little daughter. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 475 
 
 "The praise which was most grateful to her was not admiration of her genius; it was to 
 know that her words had quickened lives to higher and purer purposes, and that she had inspired 
 others to ' make stepping-stones of their dead selves to better things.' '' 
 
 Edwin H. Galloway. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was a native of Harrisburg, Lewis Co., N. Y., where he was 
 born April 12, 1825. His father, Charles Galloway, was a farmer by occupation, and ranked 
 high as a citizen and neighbor. Edwin, in his younger days, was sent with the other children 
 to the district school, but subsequently finished his studies at the Lowville Academy. At the 
 close of school, he entered the employ of a merchant of Lowville, where he remained two years. 
 At the age of twenty-three, of slight physical build, with poor health and with money capital 
 hardly equaling his necessary traveling expenses, he started westward, locating at Fond du Lac 
 in the spring of 1848. The place then was but a small village, known to but few, but speedily 
 destined, with such citizens as young Galloway, to develop its resources — to spring forth into 
 prominence, prosperity and importance. Recognizing at a glance the natural advantages sur- 
 rounding Fond du Lac, he commenced early to operate in real-estate, and followed it success- 
 fully for many years. A short time only he tried the mereantile business, dropping it to take 
 up lumbering in all its various and extensive branches. In this and his real estate business he 
 continued until 1866, when by reason of poor health, which forbade the active employment nec- 
 essary in carrying on a business embracing numerous large enterprises, he commenced gradually 
 to withdraw his investments and reduce his affairs to within the limit of his physical strength. 
 For ten years previous to his death, he was a large stockholder and one of the managers of the 
 Savings Bank of Fond du Lac, of which institution he was Vice President at the time of his 
 decease. 
 
 Although for nearly twenty-five years, Mr. Galloway ranked among the most active and 
 successful business men of the State, his well-known social qualities — his good nature and uni- 
 form gentlemanly deportment, seem never once to have left him. In this particular he was quite 
 remarkable. Always kind, considerate and attentive, rich and poor alike sought his counsel and 
 aid, and they never sought in vain. His genial temperament could never be destroyed by the 
 annoyances or cares of business strife. He was peculiarly a domestic man — devotedly attached 
 to home and family. He was always to be found at his office or at the family fireside, the only 
 exception to his rule being on occasions when, having accepted some of the numerous public 
 positions so continually urged upon him, the performance of official duties necessitated his absence 
 from both — a condition requiring the keenest sacrifice on his part. He served two terms in the 
 Legislature ; several terms as Chairman of the County Board of Supervisors ; was City Treas- 
 urer of Fond du Lac and its Mayor ; and served the public in various other capacities. In 1871, 
 he was strongly supported for the Republican nomination for Governor, but peremptorily declined 
 being a candidate. A leading, and perhaps the leading characteristic'of the man was his almost 
 unlimited benevolence and seemingly unbounded charity to the poor. During a quarter of a 
 century at Fond du Lac, whenever any society, enterprise, or project having in view the well- 
 being of the community, needed aid or encouragement, it always found a ready and bountiful 
 friend in Mr. Galloway. Toward the poor, toward those in trouble, those sick or in distress, 
 his action and sympathies were like a father, intent in doing all that lay in his power to relieve 
 and make happy. He was married, November 5, 1850, to Maria H. Adams, whom he left a 
 widow (and who still survives him) with four children — a son and three daughters. He died in 
 the town of Fond du Lac May 7, 1876. His memory is cherished as one of the oldest, most 
 respected, and best-loved citizens of Fbnd du Lac County. 
 
 Robert Flint 
 
 was born in Wyoming County, N. Y. He studied law with John C. Spencer, in Canandaigua, 
 and afterward practiced his profession in Buffalo for many years, winning, .on merit, a fine 
 
476 HISTORY OF FOJfD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 reputation as counselor and pleader. He came West with .J. R. Doolittle in 1850, choosing his 
 location at Fond du Lac, which was afterward his residence to the time of his death. Doolittle, as 
 is well known, settled at Racine. Mr. Flint had determined to make the West his home because 
 he liked the enterprising character of its people, and for the benefit of his health. Asthmatic 
 difficulties had already interfered greatly with his public speaking, and the disease had obtained 
 too firm a seat to be removed. He finally practically abandoned the practice of so much of his 
 profession as demanded argument, but always kept an office and conducted business in the other 
 departments of his calling. 
 
 In 18.52, Mr. Flint entered into the contest for the Circuit Judgeship, but was beaten by a small 
 majority. In the spring of 18G0, he was elected County Judge, and, four years after, re-elected, 
 servinw with great satisfiiction. Tiiroughout his whole life he was very studious, and this is true 
 not only as to matters of legal information, but in regard to scientific, historical, and other sub- 
 jects. He read extensively and took notes of suggestions and impressions thereby derived dur- 
 ing his lifelong application. It was a pleasure that never grew dull for him, to delve for riches 
 of knowledge among books. He had a fine library in the line of his profession ; and so gener- 
 ously did he appreciate its worth that he kindly invited young attorneys whose legal books were 
 few, freely to refer to his large collection. Many of the lawyers of Fond du Lac will ever 
 remember the cordial welcome given them by him when they most needed encouragement and 
 advantages which they did not possess. A large number were once students in his office. 
 
 The health of Judge Flint had been broken for some years — numerous physical afflictions 
 takincr, successively, a hold upon him, and finally conquering his powerful constitution. In the 
 accident on the North-Western Railway occurring to the first through train from Fond du Lac, 
 he sustained severe injuries to one of his limbs. Some two years before his death, he was severely 
 .hurt by falling down a flight of stairs, and this was the initial trouble to those which followed. He 
 belonged to a long-lived family. His father had been dead only two or three years, when, on Feb- 
 ruary 17, 1877, he departed this life. He was buried in Rienzi Cemetery, near the city of Fond 
 du Lac. He was a man honored and respected as a citizen, worthy as a lawyer, and valuable 
 
 as a friend. 
 
 Mns. S. W. Beall. 
 
 Mrs. Samuel W. Beall, nee Elizabeth Fenimore Cooper, was born at Cooperstown, Otsego 
 Co., N. Y., in 1814. Her father, Isaac Cooper, was the son of Judge Cooper, the founder 
 of the place to which his name was given, and brother of James Fenimore Cooper. Her mother 
 was Mary Morris, grand-daughter of Lewis Morris, one of the signers of the Declaration of 
 Independence, and niece of Gov. Morris, of Morrisania. 
 
 Her youth was passed at her native place, which, even at that time, by its natural beauty 
 and picturesque surroundings, gave promise of the exceptional place it now occupies among the 
 most beautiful of American cities, fully justifying the good taste and foresight of the clever and 
 cultivated pioneers in choosing such a spot for a home for themselves and their descendants. 
 
 In May, 1827, she was married to Samuel AV. Beall, of Frederick, Md., a descendant of the 
 Randolphs of Virginia. 
 
 In June of the same year, she came to Green Bay, Mr. Beall having been appointed Receiver 
 of Public Moneys at the Land Office. Green Bay was at that time in the Territory of Michi- 
 gan and little more than a military post, and had few attractions to offer to a young, delicate 
 and tenderly reared lady, like Mrs. Beall. But, during her residence of about four years in 
 the society which began to gat'ner about the fort as a nucleus, she was both its inspiring and 
 presiding genius, and displayed from the beginning a rare ability in devising and pushing to 
 success the charitable purposes of her life. 
 
 She was chiefly instrumental in founding the first Christian society, the church known to-day 
 as the First Episcopal Church of Green Bay. She wrote the first New Year's address, and 
 with her pen helped sustain the first newspaper. 
 
 The advantages for rapidly amassing a fortune having enabled Mr. Beall to retire from 
 business, Mrs. Beall with her husband and children, returned to Woodside, on the shore of 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 477 
 
 Otsego Lake, near Cooperstown. Here the lavish hospitality of Mr. Beall and the graces of 
 Mrs. Beall, attracted to her elegant and spacious mansion Fenimore Cooper, Washington 
 Irving, and whatever was best in Eastern New York. 
 
 But, the financial crisis of 1837 having made great inroads upon the ample fortune of 
 Mr. Beall, he accepted a lucrative Government appointment and returned to Green Bay, and 
 thenceforward Mrs. Beall identified herself for life with the interests of Wisconsin, easily 
 resuming in the then thriving Western town the social position she was wont to fill so well in 
 the small circle about the old fort, and, applying herself anew and with added interest to her 
 many charities ; and the incidents of her social life and her works have been among the pleasant- 
 est reminiscences of the older inhabitants of " The Bay." 
 
 Mrs Beall was a few years at Green Lake, where Mr. Beall was engaged in agriculture 
 upon some of his lands. And when, in 1847, she removed to Taycheedah, at the southern 
 extremity of Lake Winnebago, her family contained seven children, three sons and four daugh- 
 ters. Here she organized and superintended a Sunday school, and, mainly by her personal 
 efforts, kept up public religious services, and devoted much of her time to works of active Chris- 
 tian charity. 
 
 But, to the demands upon her patriotism during the great civil war, she responded with her 
 all. Her husband and sons were in the army, and Mrs. Beall herself by the bedside of the sol- 
 diers in the military hospital. 
 
 Upon her removal to Fond du Lac in 1867, she began her great work of building up the Home 
 for the Friendless, and was its President until her failing strength made it necessary to resign 
 that position and accept the Vice Presidency. At the time of her decease, in February, 1879, 
 she was one of the Trustees of this benign institution, which she had placed upon a secure foun- 
 dation. 
 
 William Plocker 
 
 was born at London, England, May 28, 1811. His father was a Hollander, who spelled his 
 name Plokker, and his mother was an Ehglish lady. 
 
 He was educated and brought up in Amsterdam, Holland. He left there as recorded 
 above, landing at Boston July 1, 1827. In 1829, he moved to Orleans County, N. Y., and 
 engaged in farming, teaching and clerking. In 1839-40, he was Collector of canal tolls at 
 Brockport, N. Y., and later, cashier in Buffalo and Albany of the Western Transportation 
 Company. In 1845-47, he was clerk and then Master of the fine steamer Wiskonsan, plying 
 between Buffalo and Chicago. From this he obtained the title of Captain, by which he was 
 always afterward known. In 1847, lie settled at Fairwater, Fond du Lac County, where he 
 thereafter lived and accumulated a competence. He was Supervisor of Metomen many years, 
 Chairman of the County Board in 1857, Town Clerk some years, and a member of the Assem- 
 bly in 1875. 
 
 He is well remembered in Fond du Lac. His slow, steady walk, as with hands clasped 
 behind him he carefully scanned many times over the architecture, signs and features of every 
 building as he passed, marked him at once with every person. He loved to take diriner at the 
 American House, and when he visited his niece, Mrs. James Spence, which was often, he 
 hardly ever failed to spend a day at the residence of Mrs. Keyes Darling, being an old friend 
 to both Mrs. Darling and her husband. He was a great lover of bezique, and loved to visit 
 those who played his favorite game. 
 
 Singularly enough, he returned to Boston to die, the place where he first set foot upon 
 American ground. He loved America and praised her people and Government wherever he 
 ■went. While returning from a concert in Boston on the evening of December 11, he fell while 
 on a street car and died without speaking, December 20, 1878. 
 
 His will was remarkably clear and concise, and written in that elegant hand which, even 
 after three-score years had passed, was the pride of ttie " Captain." The special cash legacies of 
 the will amounted to about §6,000, and the remainder of his large property was divided ratably 
 
478 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 among his sisters and brother, or their heirs. The special legacies were, however, to all appear- 
 ances, bestowed upon faitiiful servants or cherished friends — no one whom he loved being for- 
 gotten. 
 
 To the Wisconsin State Historical Society he bequeathed his copy of the Nuremberg 
 Bible, described hereafter. 
 
 To H. T. Henton, a favorite spy-glass. 
 
 To Charles Forbes, his collection of coins, which comprises many rare and valuable ones. 
 
 To R. C. Kelley, of Brandon (whom he paid the high compliment of making his executor 
 without bond), Harper s Monthly, bound, from the beginning. 
 
 To Mrs. George Todd, his niece, twelve volumes of rare books not otherwise bequeathed. 
 
 To Mrs. Cornelia Spence, of Fond du Lac, his niece and sister to Mrs. George Todd, 
 "the contents of his leather trunk." 
 
 To James Spence, of A. Spence & Son, Fond du Lac, husband of his niece Cornelia, 
 Harper s Weekly, complete; London News, complete, and numerous rare novels collected, 
 arranged and bound by him. 
 
 To Francis McK. Plocker, his nephew, manuscript book of "Anecdotes and Comicalities," 
 in his own handwriting, and further described below. 
 
 To Charles P. Knapp, his Patent Office Reports, which were complete from the time the 
 first report was issued. 
 
 To Cornelia Spence, "above named, the same," in addition to other things, a peculiar and 
 valuable silk quilt, wrought in ancient times in an Italian nunnery. This quilt was the gift of 
 a priest wliom Mr. Plocker had befriended. 
 
 The document ends in rhyme — 
 
 "In witness whereof I hereunto 
 My hand and seal have set, 
 In presence of those whose names 
 Below subscribe and witness it." 
 
 Then follows the signature of William Plocker. 
 
 "This will was published, sealed and signed, 
 By the testator in his right mind ; 
 In presence of us who at his request 
 Have written our names these facts to attest." 
 
 Then follow the signatures of C. P. Knapp, Leander Ferguson and William D. Ash. 
 
 In one clause of the will is disclosed a bit of the tenderest romance, strongly characteristic of 
 the fidelity and constancy of the man, which, as the party interested is now living in the county, 
 will not be mentioned further. Sufiice it to say it furnishes one of the reasons why he lived 
 and died an old bachelor. 
 
 His collection of stereoscopic views number over five hundred, and covered the places most 
 interesting to him in Europe and America. Many of them were very fine. 
 
 The Nuremberg Bible, bequeathed in the will to the State Historical Society, is a book 
 about 18x12 inches, and six inches in thickness. It is heavily bound in what appears to be 
 thick, whitish hog-skin, and is in perfect condition, although printed in 1710. It is in good 
 German, printed on thick, yellow paper which looks as if it might have been made of wheat 
 straw and water — the straw not finely cut — as it undoubtedly was. The title-page is in glaring 
 red ink, which has not faded, apparently, in the least. All the principal events are finely but 
 quaintly illustrated by steel engravings. Many of the passages are greatly dissimilar from the 
 corresponding ones in modern Bibles, the fault, probably, of translating into German. 
 
 His scrap-book is of absorbing interest. On the first page is a yellow leaf of paper on 
 which is written in brown ink and in the " Captain's " clear hand, the following : 
 
 " Left Amsterdam on the 5th of April, 1827, at 7 o'clock in the morning. Left the Helder 
 on the 8th of April, 1827, at 4 o'clock in the morning. Arrived in London on the 12th of April, 
 1827, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon. Left London on the 13th of May, 1827, at 2 o'clock in 
 the afternoon. Arrived in Boston on the 1st of July, 1827, at 4 o'clock in the morning." 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 47& 
 
 Everything he ever did is thus accurately noted down. His father paid his passage 
 money for the trip here mentioned, but in order to gratify his desire for information, he worked 
 before the mast as a common seaman. This " scrap-book " contains all the notes he ever gave 
 and receipts for all the money expended by or for him. He must have been an honest man, or he 
 would not have dared thus to preserve for the public the record of every act of his life ! Among 
 other receipts is one for board, washing, room-rent and fires at the Park Hotel, Madison, for 
 $129.70 in full, and signed by M. H. Irish. This amount included all his expenditures while in 
 Madison as Assemblyman from the First District. This was the only time the Captain ever 
 was in the Legislature. On the middle pages of the book, which is a large one, are bills of 
 various denominations of all the insolvent State banks, as well as counterfeit bills on those and 
 other banks — each marked " fraud," " failed," or " counterfeit," as the case might be, with the 
 date of issue or failure. Among these — and there are very many of them — is a counterfeit on 
 the Wisconsin Fire and Marine Bank, of Milwaukee, dated July 4, 1847, and signed by Alex- 
 ander Mitchell. It must have cost some time and money to collect even these bank bills. 
 Further on may be found page after page of signatures. These comprise almost all the promi- 
 nent men of the county and State — many of them marked, as is the signature of Gen. Halbert 
 E. Paine, " a good friend of mine ;" or " an honest man," or " good business man," as he might 
 know the different men. He has also at least a thousand signatures of such persons as Jeff . 
 Davis, Mrs. L. H. Sigourney, Lincoln, John G. Saxe, Fillmore and the leading authors, states- 
 men and poets, beginning from the earliest colonial times. When or how he became possessed 
 of them he left nothing to indicate. The signatures of the prominent county and State men 
 were evidently clipped from business or other letters received during the last twenty-five years. 
 Further on in this scrap-book, appear to be all the letters he had ever received, many of them 
 fifty years old and written in various languages. Also all the receipted bills of expenses in his 
 European travels. These bills are all modest. 
 
 The manuscript book of "Anecdotes and Comicalities," mentioned in the will, is one of 
 the most interesting in the whole collection. All the incidents, stories, jokes, anecdotes and 
 peculiarities of all he ever knew, are recorded in his own hand in the quaintest, drollest manner 
 imaginable. Sometimes an anecdote is written in the form of a snake, or like a triangle, or a 
 house, parallelogram, crescent, full circle, star or whatever at the time seemed to strike his fancy. 
 Every letter and mark of punctuation is perfect throughout. Probably no other book was ever 
 written like it in the world. It is quaint, interesting and valuable. He had also a large num- 
 ber of Chinese and Pacific Island curiosities, some of them not to be duplicated in any antiquar- 
 ian in the country. He saved, arranged systematically and properly marked, everything coming 
 into his possession. All his newspaper, secret society and other receipt papers were arranged 
 in groups, and all the papers received from the federal Government, and so on, in other groups. 
 
 The Fort Wilkins Agate, one of the greatest newspaper curiosities extent, was found care- 
 fully preserved. The first copy is dated July 4, 1846. It is a folio, and all printed with a 
 quill pen. It is as fine as ordinary bourgeois type. The name of the editor and printer could 
 not be learned, but from the peculiar expressions it may be presumed to be the work of the 
 Captain. He had also carefully preserved his first commission as Postmaster of Fairwater, which 
 is signed by Cave Johnson as Postmaster General, and dated July 1, 1848. His collection 
 of postage and revenue stamps was also large and valuable. 
 
 "William B. Tallmadge 
 
 was born in Schennectady, N. Y., February 12, 1800. He went with his father to Tioga 
 County, N. Y., then a wilderness, in early boyhood, where he grew to be a man and engaged 
 in business. He was first a farmer and then a lumberman, and one of the most energetic and 
 extensive dealers of that day. He remained in business in Tioga until the crash of 1837, when 
 he failed. Two years before he made the West his home, he came and looked over the ground, 
 and, in 1844, came directly to Fond du Lac County, which has ever since been his place of 
 residence. He was married first to Miss Laura, daughter of Russell Gridley, a prominent man 
 
480 HISTORY OF FOXD Dr LAC COUNTY. 
 
 of Tompkins County. The fruits of this union were three children — Russell G. Tallraadge, of 
 Fond du Lac ; Kelsey D., who died some years ago, and Sarah, now Mrs. Robert Conklin, of 
 Peebles Corners. The mother of these children died about forty years ago. Several years after, 
 he married Sarah T. Reeve, of Goshen, N. Y., by whom he had four children ; three are still 
 living — Helen, now Mrs. W. Northam, Calumet ; and Mary and William, both single and living 
 at the old homestead. Maj. Tallmadge had some distinguished brothers — N. P., was Governor 
 of Wisconsin when it was a Territory, and was fourteen years United States Senator from New- 
 York ; Daniel was one of the best lawyers in New York City, where he was afterward on the 
 Supreme Bench ; the other members of the family were Joseph, Dr. Joel, Sutherland. Franklin, 
 Mary and Hannah. 
 
 Dr. Joel, Gov. N. P., Franklin and Maj. W. R. settled near Fond du Lac, in Fond du Lac 
 County, and all raised large families. A quarter of a centui'y ago, almost every other man met 
 in the vicinity Fond du Lac was a Tallmadge. 
 
 Among the more prominent nephews and nieces, as they can be easily recalled, are : Mrs. 
 A. G. Ruggles, Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Tallmadge, Mrs. Delany and William Tallmadge, of Fond 
 ■du Lac; J. J. Tallmadge, Calumet: Mrs. Laura Galloway and Henry Tallmadge, Eau Claire; 
 I. S. Tallraadge, New York City; Mrs. Mary L. Baldwin and Mrs. Emily Tallmadge, Chicago; 
 Solomon A. Horseheads, New York; Eric, Elkhart Lake, Wis.; Franklin, Los Angeles, Cal.; 
 Butler, San Francisco, and Mrs. Francis Campbell, Winona, Minn. 
 
 The Major first broke ground near Rienzi Cemetery, the original plat of which was a gift 
 to Fond du Lac by Gov. N. P. Tallmadge ; both were buried there. Ne.xt, he and Conklin 
 bought and inclosed 1,200 acres where J. C. Lyons now lives, in Empire. From this place, the 
 Major moved to Calumet and purchased a large farm. On it he lived and labored, building a 
 large house and enjoying fruitful, well-tilled acres. About thirty years ago, he sowed (300 acres 
 of winter wheat — a great undertaking for that time — which proved from cold weather a total 
 failure. This, with the death of his son Kelsey, a stirring, energetic man, was a blow from 
 which he never fully recovered. He was the projector of the Green Bay and Taycheedah plank 
 road, a portion of which he built. He and J. R. Tallmadge also built the Empire Cemetery and 
 Milwaukee gravel roads under contract, losing some money by the operation. 
 
 If Maj. Tallmadge had been endowed with many unpleasant faults, he lived long enough in 
 Fond du Lac to have them thoroughly found out. But he was not thus endowed. He was a 
 man of the greatest charity, broad, liberal views and unbounded hospitality. He loved a full 
 house and a bountifully spread table, and generally had both. He was in no sense an "old 
 fogy," but read the latest literature and embraced the freshest and most progressive ideas. Few 
 men have taken part in more or greater changes in Wisconsin than Maj. Tallmadge, and few 
 left a cleaner record. He died January 2, 1879, at his home in the town of Calumet. 
 
 James Monroe Gillet 
 
 was born at Le Roy, N. Y., April 21, 1821, in a country beautiful and wild with hills and rich 
 with orchards and vines. He went to a common district school, and at Ellicottville, then as 
 now the county seat of his native county, until he was thirteen years of age. Thereafter, he 
 worked summers and taught school winters, often teaching branches he never had studied him- 
 self, working nights to keep ahead of his classes. He became a successful teacher in this way, 
 at the same time beginning to read law from borrowed books. At about the year of his major- 
 ity he visited St. Louis, where he continued the business of teaching, but the climate did not 
 suit, and he returned to New York and entered the law office of Hon. Maurice Brown, at Ham- 
 mondsport. Here he was a remarkably thorough student, and became at once noted for won- 
 derful clear-headedness, honesty and proficiency. In due time, he passed a creditable examination 
 and was admitted to the bar. He soon after married, at Penn Yan, Miss Emmiline E. Smith, 
 who joined her destiny with his on the 9th of September, 184.5. She shared his sorrows, 
 lightened his burdens and rejoiced in his pleasures for thirty-three years ; nursed him tenderly 
 in his long sickness ; was present to close his dying eyes, and survives to mourn the loss of a 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 481 
 
 loving and noble-hearted husband. A year after his marriage, Mr. Gillet drove to Wisconsin 
 with his own horse and buggy, leaving his young wife to follow by water and stage, which she 
 did shortly after. He came as a lawyer to Fond du Lac, when both were young. He found 
 but little law practice at first, being a stranger. He therefore thought a newspaper would pay 
 better than a law office ; so on Monday, the 14th day of December, 1846, he published tlie first 
 number of the Fond du Lac Wlilg, a paper which might be called the foundation of the Com- 
 monwealth. His paper, printed by his own strength thirty-three years ago, was a five-column 
 folio, of perfect respectability and cleanliness, and showing a mind of no small force and inde- 
 pendence. The second number was issued with one side printed. The reason for this does not 
 appear anywhere in the yellow volume of the Whig. His salutatory was characteristic and 
 manly. He closed by declaring : " We shall do what shall seem right to us ; and if we err, let 
 it be remembered that it is but human. We do not expect to be without faults ; and only ask 
 the same candor in criticism of our course which we will cheerfully extend to others. Our 
 course will be independent." And it was. At the head of the paper was " J. M. Gillet, 
 editor and proprietor. Published every Monday, at Fond du Lac by the editor and 
 proprietor." Thus, during the first year he devoted his time to the Whig rather 
 than to law. He finally took an important case, and in its trial made a reputation which placed 
 him at once in the front rank as a lawyer, a place he maintained for a third of a century — until 
 failing health drove him inch by inch from his business. After he once secured a reputation as 
 a lawyer, he never lacked for business, money or friends. He lent and gave to whomsoever 
 asked, as freely as though he could dip gold like water from the ocean. Notwithstanding this 
 generosity that amounted to a fault, he at one time had accumulated a large property, either in 
 real estate or encumbrances on land, which the shrinkage of hard times, with one or two dis- 
 honest clients, almost entirely used up. But this did not matter so long as he had his health, 
 for he could earn abundantly. He ran for State Senator once, but was beaten, as he had not 
 the faculty to command political workers, and did nothing, allowing people to vote for him or 
 not, as they pleased. He was glad he was beaten, and never dabbled in politics again. 
 
 The fatal sickness was brought on by catching cold. In the fall of 1878, he went to 
 Michigan and afterward to Colorado, from which he received great benefit. His business and 
 finances suffering from his long sickness made him uneasy, and he returned home to work. 
 This was his fatal mistake. He died May .31, 1879. 
 
 He was one of a family of five children. George M., the eldest, very well known in 
 Wisconsin, died in 1852. B. S. and W. B. reside in Fond du Lac. Erastus J. lives at Buffalo, 
 N. Y., and lone A., first wife of .Judge W. D. Conklin, died in 1867. His children were 
 George Finley, who died in 1860 ; Maria Corinne, wife of C. V. Pettibone; Morrison M., who 
 has adopted his father's profession ; Miss Mary Inez and Louis H. Gillet. 
 
 J. M. Gillet was no politician, no intrigue, no trickster. He was an open-hearted, gener- 
 ous, talented man, who loved his friends and loved to show, in some material way, his regard for 
 them. He might have been the ideal for the poet's 
 
 " Nature's own nobleman, friendly and frank, 
 A man with his heart in his hand." 
 
 The character and qualities of a man like him cannot be described in a few brief moments. 
 They are best understood and appreciated by those who have seen them unchanged and undi- 
 minished in all the intricacies of business for himself or others, and the innumerable changes of 
 life. 
 
 An intimate friend bears this testimony to the excellency of his life : " Take him all in all, 
 he was a noble specimen of a man. Learned and wise in his profession, his mind well stored 
 with a knowledge of the world and of man, affable, courteous and a gentleman in all his associa- 
 tions ; neither improvident nor parsimonious ; a strong friend but a weak enemy ; neither a bigot 
 nor an iconoclast; one who rejoiced with the prosperous and sympathized with those in afflic- 
 tion ; neither brilliant in intellect nor wanting in judgment, wit or imagination ; neither osten- 
 tatious in dress or deportment, nor without care for appearances ; neither a worshiper of the 
 
482 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 learned or great, nor one who despised the poor and ignorant, but a sound, sagacious, well- 
 informed, able and conscientious man, ever ready for his task, and able to perform it well. Such 
 in brief, were some of the traits, in our judgment, of our deceased friend. He possessed the 
 elements of true greatness. Such traits as became more apparent, the nearer you approached 
 the individual. Not those which dazzle from a distance and captivate the crowd, not those which 
 bring a man into notice without merit and keep him there without ability. In the true sense of 
 the word great, he was a great man, and yet many of the great men of earth fall to dast and 
 are soon forgotten. 
 
 '' True glory is duty fitly and faithfully fulfilled. Mr. Gillet remained to the day of his death 
 a private citizen. He never held, that I am aware of, a public position either by election or 
 appointment. That he would have graced such a position, and discharged its duties with honor 
 to himself and usefulness to the public, no one will deny ; but he was too modest to reach it. 
 In these times the man seeks the position, not the position the man, and he was not one to ask 
 for place or power. If such came to him at all, it must come to him unasked. He was twice a 
 candidate for State Senator, but others outstripped him in the race. He could not, or did not, 
 condescend to buy or ask for votes. I say could not, for all presume he acted his nature, when 
 he remained quietly at home at work, and let his fellow-citizens act their pleasure. He would 
 not stoop to ask for place, nor belittle himself by advocating a faith in which he did not 
 believe. This was clearly shown when he was offered the place of Postmaster here. He could 
 not bend to the powers then in control, so he had to step aside for others. Thus never asking 
 for place or position, he remained a private citizen, and it is as a private citizen we know him 
 and must honor him. Aside from the influence he had on his immediate associates, he made his 
 mark in life in his profession as a lawyer, and the records of the court bear the memories of his 
 greatness. 
 
 " The deceased practiced in all the courts of the land, from that of a Justice of the Peace, 
 to that of last resort — the Supreme Court of the nation — and the records of his work are to be 
 found in the reports. 
 
 " He never resorted to a trick to gain a point, but waiving many technical questions to get at 
 the merits of the controversy between the parties, he was anxious that the true issue might be 
 determined, and litigation cease. Not only was he a peer among the ablest at the bar, but in 
 social life he was pre-eminent. He was not a great conversationalist, but having traveled much, 
 and being well posted in the literature and knowledge of the day, he was a desirable and enter- 
 taining companion. He was never morose, crusty or absent minded ; always cheerful, ready to 
 listen or be listened to : to communicate or receive communications, and to join in any amuse- 
 ments in which his companions might be engaged at the time. 
 
 " His life-work is done, and as we recall to mind his traits, his virtues and his failings, may 
 we not hope the good he did in life will live hereafter ?" 
 
 Concerning the standing of Mr. Gillet as a lawyer, another of his friends puts this testi- 
 monial upon record : 
 
 " It is unnecessary for me to speak of Mr. Gillet's standing as a lawyer. We have oftfen lis- 
 tened to his eloquence — an eloquence which appealed to the intellect. We have often witnessed his 
 masterly handling of important cases and his display of legal learning. He was a self-made 
 man. His success wa^ the result of his own vigorous intellect and of his untiring industry. He 
 loved his noble profession. 
 
 " The edifice of public liberty is erected upon the administration of justice, and to stand, 
 as he stood, pre-eminent among those who have beautified and adorned the temple of justice, is 
 among the loftiest positions allotted to man. 
 
 " To many who knew him, Mr. Gillet will be remembered only as a great lawyer. By 
 some, however, his memory will be cherished for his character as a man and as a friend. They 
 will remember him as one of Nature's noblemen. They will think of him as he appeared on 
 those occasions when all care was thrown aside and he became the genial companion. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 483 
 
 " He was generous to a fault. He never turned a deaf ear to the cry of poverty. He 
 never refused to give to any one who asked. He never seemed to realize that money had any 
 other value than to alleviate suffering or to contribute to the happiness of friends. His large- 
 heartedness was displayed in other ways. He was always courteous to members of his profes- 
 sion. He was ever ready to grant a favor. Many a young lawyer at this bar can remember 
 the assistance and counsel so freely given by our departed friend. Among all the older mem- 
 bers of the bar, he was the one to whom the younger members went with tlie most freedom for 
 advice. They always saw in his grave but pleasant face a welcome. He always gave credit 
 and encouragement to others. He never pushed a young lawyer into the background when 
 associated with him in a cause, but rather encouraged him to take a leading part in the trial or 
 argument. 
 
 " Mr. Gillet died before the measure of his years was full. His intellect was in the prime 
 of its vigor. Old age had not yet abated its force or dimmed its clearness. In the very meri- 
 dian of his manhood, in the very midst of busy, useful labor, his rugged constitution and physical 
 frame of power was compelled to yield to the destroyer." 
 
 Says another of his enthusiastic admirers : 
 
 " He arose from the ranks, and early taking an advanced place, as well in the practice of 
 his profession as in the hearts of his fellow-men, he grew more and more in the respect of the 
 community and the admiration of his friends, until his labors were brought to a close by his 
 mortal sickness and untimely death. 
 
 "There was nothing in the early life of Mr. Gillet, so far as I have learned, that marked 
 him for especial prominence. But he had energy. He had industry and perseverance. He 
 had application to his business and a single purpose to be faithful to his clients, and successful 
 in his practice, and, above all, he had that personal character and honor which gained and 
 deserved the confidence of his associates and those with whom he transacted business.'' 
 
 Samuel Wottox Beall, 
 
 known in Wisconsin, since 1851, as "Governor Beall," was born in Montgomery, Prince George 
 Co., Md., in the year 1807. He descended from families of note on both sides; on his father's, 
 his lineage could be traced through men of great physical power, and, through marriage, with 
 such families of note as the Randolphs, Stewarts and Johnstons, of Virginia, the Carrolls, of 
 Carrollton, and the Singletons of South Carolina. His father married a Miss Wotton, niece of 
 the great Dr. Wolton, who came over with Lord Baltimore, being Lord Baltimore's first cousin, 
 and a descendant of the old poet Wolton, famous in (Jueen Elizabeth's time. 
 
 Samuel W. Beall was educated at Union College, under Dr. Nott, where he took the 
 highest honors in Greek and Latin ; afterward he studied law at Litchfield, whence so many 
 famous lawyers have been admitted to the bar. He married Miss Elizabeth Fenimore Cooper, 
 in 1827, and, through the influence of a close friend of his family, old Chief Justice Taney, 
 received the appointment (at that time of great responsibility) of Receiver for the sale of 
 public lands of the Northwest, what is now Michigan and Wisconsin. He took his young and 
 charming wife and started for his home in the far West. He located at Green Bay, then a small 
 fort, and, from the Land Office established there, sold for the Government most of the lands 
 now in Wisconsin, Illinois and Michigan. Here, on the 4th of July, 1828, his first child was 
 born (a man now well known in Washington Territory), christened Singleton Wotton Beall. 
 Mr. Beall returned to Cooperstown in 18-34, where he and his lovely wife enjoyed a most lux- 
 urious life, he having bouglit one of the most beautiful places in the whole town, called "Wood- 
 side." Here, for some years, they gathered about them a circle of cultured, refined society, of 
 whom Mrs. Beall's uncle, the world-renowned J. Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, Watson 
 Webb, and others formed the center, while Russell, the noted English-ballad singer, added to 
 the circle the charm of his remarkable voice. Several children were born to them in this beau- 
 ful home. 
 
484 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The results of the terrible crisis of '37, in the feilure of one for whom Mr. Beall had 
 indorsed generously, forced him to surrender all his means to pay the debts of others, and 1840 
 found him with his wife and now large family, again domiciled at Green Bay, henceforth to 
 be identified with the growth and progress of the then far West. Soon after his return, he 
 moved on to land on the banks of the beautiful Green Lake, where he improved and cultivated 
 a farm. He was the first to introduce blooded cattle into the Northwest, the well-known short- 
 horn bull " Major Star," being one of his importations. While here acting the part of Cin- 
 cinnatus of old, his beloved mother died in Maryland, leaving him over thirty slaves and a 
 certain amount of bonds and mortgages. Southerner though he was, and straitened in circum- 
 stances (as compared to his previous life), the spirit of the free West and a noble heart moved 
 him to liberate his slaves, and, what was wisely and well done, to devote the entire proceeds of 
 the sales of the bonds and mortgages to the support of these slaves for two years, and as long 
 indeed as the means lasted and long enough for the slaves to learn what liberty meant, and how 
 to earn a living for themselves — an act truly worthy of record in any man's life. 
 
 While carrying on his farm, he was chosen among the first delegates to the convention at 
 Madison, to draw the form of a State Constitution, which Constitution, however, was not accepted 
 at Washington at this time. Shortly after this, he came to Fond du Lac County, leaving his 
 oldest son, Singleton, to carry on the farm. Building a home in Taycheedah, then far more thrifty 
 and promising than Fond du Lac, he devoted himself to his old profession, the law. A year 
 or two afterward, he was chosen Delegate from Fond du Lac County, to draw up another Con- 
 stitution of the State of Wisconsin, which was accepted, and Wisconsin became a State. 
 
 When Mr. Dewey was elected Governor, Mr. Beall was chosen Lieutenant Governor, and 
 his Presidency of the Senate, during the term of his office, was noted for unusual dignity, order 
 and just ruling. 
 
 His term expiring, he was appointed Indian Agent, and was among the first, as Agent for 
 the Government, to take to Washington chiefs of tribes under his care. Of these were the 
 sachems of the Munsie and Stockbridge tribes. One chief of the latter tribe, John Quinny, 
 created much interest and wonder by the delivery before Congress of a most erudite and 
 eloquent speech, now recorded in history as a sample of remarkable power and pathos. This 
 speech was written by Mr. Beall, and taught word by word to the chief, even to the gestures, 
 who proved an apt scholar to so brilliant a teacher. The original manuscript is still in the 
 hands of the family. So much for the romance often connected with Indian history, and 
 as often misleading. 
 
 On the settlement of the Stockbridge Indians on their reservation, he gave up the Agency 
 and devoted his time to his profession. As a criminal pleader, he was noted for and wide, and 
 he swayed juries as he only can whom Nature has intended as a leader of men. 
 
 In 1859, impelled by that spirit of Western enterprise to which it had become the habit of 
 his life to yield, he led a party to Pike's Peak. While on this expedition, he, with some others, 
 located the city of Denver. This place immediately started into rapid growth, and, the follow- 
 ing winter. Col. Beall was sent to Washington to obtain a charter for the city — a journey in 
 those days of danger and long duration. 
 
 From Denver, he returned not enriched by the work done for others, in time to devote his 
 strength and brave heart to his country. At the age of fifty-four years, he offered himself as 
 a private soldier to Col. Delaney, whose regiment was then in the State in camp. But just as 
 he was leaving to take his place in the ranks, he received the appointment, through the aid of 
 friends in power, of Lieutenant Colonel of the Eighteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, under 
 Col. Alban. He was with this regiment in its first battle, so noted in the history of bloody 
 strucrjles of the war, Pittsburg Landing. His men had not even received their full rounds of 
 ammunition. In fact, the Eighteenth Wisconsin arrived at night, were pushed directly to the 
 front, never having even fired a gun by file, and in the early morning was receiving the brunt 
 of the first charge from the enemy. Howevei', they fought well, and by 2 o'clock P. M., the 
 Colonel and Major were dead, Lieut. Col. Beall and Adjutant Edward Colman, now of Fond 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 485 
 
 du Lac, severely wounded, and the regiment cut to pieces. The youngest son of Col. Beall, 
 Lewis Upton, seventeen years of age, was with his father throughout the whole fight, and showed 
 himself worthy of his brave sire, whose coolness upon the field was remarked by ofiicers and 
 men on both sides. Lieut. Col. Beall was sent home to die, while his young son remained, 
 proving himself a true soldier throughout the war, falling terribly wounded at the fatal 
 storming of Petersburg, Va., dying at last after two years of unparalleled suffering with these 
 wounds. Col. Beall, when he had only partially recovered, returned, against the advice of the 
 surgeons, to his regiment, and was at the storming of Vicksburg, and in most of the battles in 
 which the Army of the Tennessee took part before that event. After the capture of Vicksburg, 
 he returned home, and finding his health enfeebled by his old wounds and the Southern climate, 
 he entered the Invalid Corps, and was given command of the rebel prison at Elmira, which, 
 under his charge, was noted for its cleanliness, and the prisoners have all testified to the human- 
 ity as well as justice shown them. At the close of the war. Col. Beall felt that his active work 
 as a soldier was done, and too proud, as a pensioner or in an oiBce now unnecessary to the 
 country, he resigned a position he might have held for years. 
 
 In 1867, he went with Col. Johnson, of Omro, to Montana, locating at Helena, and through 
 his great frontier experience, soon became a prominent man in the fast-growing town. He at 
 once took a leading interest in the welfare of the place, as he had nearly ten years before in 
 Denver, and his well-known ability as connected with the history of Wisconsin, naturally pushed 
 him into the politics of that Territory. This brought him into contact with George M. 
 Pinney, then Postmaster at Helena and an editor. 
 
 Col. Beall. acting for the Government, charged Pinney with the acts of which the people of 
 Helena complained, and afterward, as he entered Pinney's office, was shot twice by him. At 
 Pinney 's trial for the murder of Col. Beall, which Col. Meredith, commandant of the post, tes- 
 tified was a farce, and the jury an illegal one, he was acquitted. 
 
 Thus ended the life of a prominent man of the West, and one of the remarkable men of 
 his time. 
 
 To understand the character of Col. Beall, one should have known him personally, and 
 should know well the history of the different elements which have made the varied American 
 character. 
 
 For even among the diversified individualities produced by our peculiar American civiliza- 
 tion, Col. Beall stands still unique and certainly unrivaled. 
 
 He was a "gentleman of the old school." His virtues were not of the austere type of 
 New England ; his faults were not the glaring defects of the extreme South ; but if there be in 
 character as in climate, a happy medium, then of such medium was Col. Beall a shining 
 example. 
 
 His gentle blood, enriched by a long line of illustrious ancestors, gave a certain largeness to 
 his whole being. So his generosity was always princely. His dignity was not too cold, thus 
 repelling approach, but still too grand to permit familiarity. This largeness, so rare, made him 
 above all meanness himself, and slow to suspect meanness in others. 
 
 Sometimes with princely wealth, at other times more unfortunate, he seemed above the 
 degrading influences of good or ill fortune. 
 
 WiLLiAir Starr 
 
 occupies a prominent place among the illustrious dead, not only of Fond du Lac County, but of 
 Wisconsin. He was born at Middleton, Conn., March 3, 1821, and was the youngest of eleven 
 children. His father was a thrifty but poor mechanic, who died just before Mr. Starr was born, 
 thus leaving him mostly the shaper of his own life and fortunes. 
 
 In 1829, when eight years old, Mr. Starr went to Lewis County, N. Y., then a new and 
 sparsely settled country, and there lived on a farm with his stepfather for the next six years. 
 He experienced many of tiie hardships of a pioneer life, occupied in clearing the lands of heavy 
 timber, and in obtaining a scanty support. Neither could the advantages of a public school be 
 
486 HISTORY OF FOND Dl' I.AC COl^NTY. 
 
 enjoyed, nor could the boy be spared from hard and necessary labor to acquire a fair education. 
 Still he seems to have improved to the utmost the meager opportunities furnished him for study- 
 ing the common English branches, and became in them an apt and diligent scholar. He formed 
 at this time the habit of learning the contents of his school-books in his leisure hours, after din- 
 ner, in the evenings, and on rainy days. He thus gratified, to some^extent, his overmastering 
 passion for reading. He literally devoured everything in the shape of books that came within 
 his reach. He always desired to become possessed of a complete education, a feeling in which 
 his mother had a share. Therefore, at the age of fourteen, he began school at the academy at 
 Watertown, N. Y., dividing several of the following closely worked years 'between books and 
 severe labor on the farm. He preserved through his busy life the text-books used at this time, 
 and at the time of his death, they were found neatly arranged among the choicest books of his 
 library. They were free from rents, ink blots, dirt and broken covers. As difficult as the cir- 
 cumstances of Mr. Starr's life made the attainment of an education, he managed to go to the 
 depths of classical branches, and through his busiest years did not relinquish the study and con- 
 templation of mathematics, Greek and Latin. His earlier plan was to become thoroughly quali- 
 fied for teaching, but after teaching two years in the public schools of Leyden and Watertown, 
 N. Y., he resolved to abandon that vocation altogether, finding that he possessed ability of high 
 order for managing large business enterprises. 
 
 It was then thought that the West afforded opportunities for gratification in this direction, 
 and Mr. Starr, therefore, determined to emigrate to that section, which he did, landing at Keno- 
 sha, Wis., June 13, 1843. Not finding anything as anticipated, Mr. Starr opened a select 
 school in Kenosha, July 5, of that year, in which were taught Latin and Greek, and all the 
 higher English branches. Here he remained nearly two years. Early in 1845, he removed to 
 Ceresco, now Ripon, where he opened a school, which was abandoned soon after for mercantile pur- 
 suits. In these he was wholly successful, as he was in managing the large farming and lumber- 
 ing operations, in which he engaged later, and to which he gave some attention up to the time 
 of his death. 
 
 Mr. Starr was married to Mrs. Atmie Clark, at Ripon, Wis., on the 12th of December, 
 1857. His wife and one son, William .James, survive him. 
 
 Mr. Starr was the second Postmaster of Ripon, holding his commission until March, 1850. 
 He was a member of the Legislature in 18(53-64, and also held various town and county offices, 
 the duties of which were attended to with care and fidelity. He sought no offices, but always 
 took a deep interest and an active part in all matters pertaining to local and State govern- 
 ment and to the choice of public servants. His greatest labor, however, was in the educational 
 work of Ripon and Wisconsin, to which were devoted many of the best years of his life. A 
 co-worker with Mr. Starr pays this tribute to his usefulness in that field of labor : 
 
 " In his connection with the Board of Regents of Normal Schools, he performed the most 
 useful and lasting work of his life. He was appointed a member of this board in 1864, and 
 three years after was elected its President. To this honorable and responsible office he was 
 chosen annually thereafter by his associate Regents. His insight into educational problems and 
 methods ; his rare abilities as a business man ; his careful and courteous regard for the opinions 
 and preferences of others: his habits of close and independent thinking; his accurate judgment 
 and his stern integrity of character, all qualified him for his leading position in the management 
 of our normal-school enterprises, which must be classed among the most distinguished and suc- 
 cessful movements ever inaugurated by our State. It would not be appropriate in this article to 
 describe the chaotic condition of the initial efforts of the State to create a normal-school sys- 
 tem, when he became a member of the Board. We have not the time even to outline the opera- 
 tions of this Board for the past fourteen years in maintaining yearly our institute work, in the 
 organization of the four Normal Schools, in the judicious expenditure of hundreds of thousands 
 of dollars in the support of them, and in employing their Faculties and supervising their instruc- 
 tion and the progress of their pupils. A large share of this varied and difficult work fell to 
 
-jWfi^-P - S! 
 
 -^^^ ^ -^^.^^d:^^^ 
 
 FOND DU LAC. 
 
 ^ 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 489 
 
 liim. His family state that he gave at least one-half of his time during all these years in atten- 
 tion to the duties of his position. He conducted for the Normal School Board an extensive 
 correspondence ; he attended all the meetings of the Regents, as well as those of several of the 
 important committees, serving generally as their chairman ; he frequently conferred with the 
 Presidents and other teachers of the schools; he visited them quite often, and inspected minutely 
 their operations. His knowledge of every part of this gigantic system was complete and accu- 
 rate. Quiet in his demeanor, modest in all his opinions, and never forward in presenting his 
 plans, scarcely was a measure of any importance ever acted upon by the Board or its committees 
 without consulting with him or without obtaining his approval. Few persons know so well as 
 the older members of this Board how much the present efficiency of and the past success of our 
 Normal Schools are due to his labors and judgment. I apprehend that none of us ever fully com- 
 prehended how great was the inmost satisfaction of his heart in witnessing the beginning and 
 growth of school after school, and in supplying the means of high culture to so many youth in 
 the State, who would be subsequently employed as teachers in our public schools. Several 
 times in the past year, as I have conversed with him in reference to some feature of the schools, 
 the work of some teachers therein, and the attainments of some classes under their instruction, 
 I have seen the large tears start in his deep-set eyes and roll down his undemonstrative face. 
 
 " His character is so well known to the teachers of the State that I need not describe at 
 length its traits. His interest in the passing events of the day was peculiarly prominent. On 
 the railroad trains, at the hotels, and in his own home, unless employed by pressing duties, you 
 would find him reading carefully the daily newspapers- While prostrated in his last illness, his 
 entreaties to the attending physician to be permitted to examine the latest papers were really 
 distx'essing. His love for some of the best works in our literature was permanent. He even 
 cultivated the poetical spirit, and composed at different periods of his life some exquisite verses, 
 showing remarkable smoothness of rhythm, deep and earnest feeling, and the most refined senti- 
 ments. His hatred of pretention and sham, and of duplicity and meanness, was prompt and 
 crushing in its expression. His self-forgetfulness and self-sacrifice in the administration of our 
 Normal Schools were admirable. Associated with him for ten years in this work, I do not 
 remember a single act or suggestion of his which could be interpreted as selfish. His judgment 
 of men and their conduct was profound and just. A lady of culture and high social standing 
 who was thoroughly acquainted with him said, while lamenting his death : ' I would prefer to 
 have submitted to him above all human beings I have ever known, all the thoughts and acts of 
 my life, and to abide by his decision.' He was thoughtful and independent in the formation of 
 opinions, and possessed some of the dignity of an apostle and the firmness of a martyr in main- 
 taining his ideas of right and duty. He required in all workings under his supervision the 
 most conscientious fidelity, and he exhibited that exalted integrity in private and public life 
 which was the natural fruit of a cultivated, pure, noble and upright spirit." 
 
 The subject of this sketch died at his home in Ripon April 18, 1879. He was buried on 
 Sunday, April 20, ISTU, under the Episcopal burial ritual, of which Church he had been, since 
 1862, a faithful and devout member. He was taken ill while absent from home attending to the 
 duties of his office, thus literally dying in the harness; and was buried within a few rods of his 
 beautiful home and the college in which he had taken such a deep interest. 
 
 AN INDIAN SCARE. 
 
 In September, 1862, when everybody was thrilled with horror over the terrible Minnesota 
 massacre, and trembling with apprehension lest similar outbreaks should occur in other localities, 
 the cry was raised, no one can tell where or by whom, that the " Indians were coming." Sev- 
 eral parties had recently returned from the Minnesota massacre, and their stories of those 
 bloody scenes had been repeated, thought over and exaggerated by the people, until the very 
 atmosphere seemed to be filled with apprehensions, and everything was ripe for just such an 
 ungovernable stampede as followed. During a still night, in the month just mentioned, the 
 
490 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 sleeping but apprehensive inhabitants of the city of Fond du Lac were startled by the entry of 
 scores of teams driven at headlong speed and loaded with men and women shouting, " The 
 Indians are coming !" The stream of rattling vehicles began to enter the city from the direction 
 of Taycheedah, but before morning they were pouring in from all directions and in all condi- 
 tions. It was a scene of the utmost fright, confusion, apprehension and downright fear. Repu- 
 table men, breathless and convulsed with fright, rushed in with blood-curdling stories of what they 
 had seen. Those coming from one direction said Pipe Village was burned; others saw Trel- 
 even's mill in ashes ; others had seen the yelling savages setting fire to grain-stacks in the town 
 of Byron, and Lamartine was swarming with red men who were burning and butchering indis- 
 criminately as they swept toward the city. Everybody was frightened, wild, crazy, foolish. No 
 story was too unreasonable for credence — in fact the more horrible and unreasonable the in-com- 
 ing reports were, the more eagerly the crazed populace seized upon them as true. There were 
 in the city of Fond du Lac, on that wild, dusty September day, at least two thousand persons 
 who had seen '' Indians " in all the surrounding towns, and beheld grain-stacks, barns, houses 
 and mills in ashes. Business was entirely suspended and people were buying firearms, fortify- 
 ing houses, and running wildly about with horrible and unfounded stories to help others' fears. At 
 T. S. Weeks' gun-shop several persons were employed to sell fire-arms as rapidly as called for, 
 and every iron with a hole in it was sold for whatever price first came into the minds of the 
 clerks. Every hotel was crowded ; the streets were literally jammed with teams, wagons, 
 buggies and vehicles of every conceivable sort. Ox teams were goaded by hatless farmers over 
 the roads at their utmost speed, entering the city with distended eyes and parched tongues loll- 
 ing out. The men took turns at the whip to urge their frightened but exhausted horses at still 
 greater speed, while half dressed women and crying children clung to the bounding vehicles. 
 The sick were hustled in their beds into the lumber wagons, and jolted in the most reckless 
 manner to the city at the highest attainable speed. Some thrifty farmers loaded bureaus into 
 their wagons ; some brought along the best cow, and some hurried away with parcels of worth- 
 less household furniture, leaving valuables behind. No one stopped to eat, and the bruised and 
 jolted children were crying about the streets for food. A cloud of dust hung over the city, and 
 all the roads leading into it, and the smoke from several fallows was indubitable proof to the 
 wild-eyed throngs that the savages were applying their torches as they advanced. Finally, as 
 the burden of proof seemed to indicate that the Indians were advancing in the direction of 
 Calumet, a party was sent out to make a reconnoissance. They reached Pipe Village by the 
 exercise of rare skill in dodging the scores of teams that were rushing wildly toward the city, 
 and finding there an individual who understood the art of drawing beer, went on a spree and 
 did not return for two or three days. 
 
 Out in a field on the " Waupun Road," a half-blood Indian was chopping. He worked 
 steadilv on for an hour, but finally the headlong rush of teams and people toward the city 
 wrought upon his imagination until he was as thoroughly frightened as his white brethren, and, 
 with ax in hand, ran toward the road to beg for a ride to some place of safety. This was more 
 than the fleeing pale-faces could bear. Here was a real Indian — bare-headed, armed with an ax 
 and on the run ! The foaming steeds were more desperately lashed in the increased frenzy of 
 fear, and the poor redskin, more thoroughly frightened than ever, got no ride. 
 
 Finally the "scare " died out, as it had nothing whatever but imagination to feed upon ; 
 but the ludicrous incidents which transpired during that memorable day would make a book of 
 respectable proportions. The hungry, dusty, exhausted crowds returned home, most of them 
 declaring they had "just started " for the post office, or to buy snuff, or tea, or groceries, when 
 they heard the Indians were coming ! Everybody felt sheepish enough after the affair was all 
 over, but gathered bravely on the corners and related how they never felt the least bit of appre- 
 hension. In the mean time, the gun-shop proprietors counted their money and went East to 
 replenish their exhausted stock of fire-arms and ammunition. 
 
 There was no foundation for the various rumors afloat at that time, and all rational theories 
 utterly failed to account for the indescribable scene of confusion, fright and excitement that. 
 
HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 491 
 
 ensued, as it was well known to all that a thousand Indian warriors could not have been mus- 
 tered in the whole State. At the same time, people from every direction reported that thousands 
 of savages had fallen upon their particular neighborhoods. But Fond du Lac County was not 
 alone the afflicted. The malaria of fright reached every town and village in the State, and even 
 invaded the brave precincts of the Capitol at Madison, the Governor ordering the Milwaukee 
 militia to march to the rescue of surrounding villages, which was done, thereby affording mate- 
 rial for many a gibe in the newspapers. 
 
 There are to this day scores of rusty guns and pistols hidden away in Fond duLac County, 
 which have not seen light since that memorable September day, and which will remain in their 
 secure retreats until the men who bought them at ruinous figures have gone the way of all the 
 earth. 
 
 FIRST THINGS. 
 
 The first political meeting ever held in Fond du Lac County convened at the Fond du Lac 
 House, September 10, 1838, for the purpose of deliberating in regard to the organization of the 
 county. 
 
 The first house, already described, was built in March, 1836, of logs, by the Fond du Lac 
 Company, at what is now the corner of Brooke and Rees streets in the city of Fond du Lac. 
 
 The first death, which has previously been mentioned, was that of Fanny, wife of Colwert 
 Pier, which occurred March 1, 1838. At her burial, which was the first in the county, Rev. 
 Cutting Marsh, a missionary to the Brothertown Indians, pronounced the first funeral sermon. 
 
 The first frame house was built on what is now known as the Phillips' farm on Section 7 in 
 the town of Empire, in 1888, by James Duane Doty. 
 
 The first birth was that of John A. Bannister, which occurred in the town of Fond du Lac, 
 June 20, 1839. 
 
 The first religious sermon was preached in the log house belonging to Dr. Mason C. Dar- 
 ling in the settlement where Fond du Lac now stands, by Rev. Jesse Halstead, a Methodist, on 
 November 17, 1839. 
 
 The first nominating convention was held at the raising of B. F. Smith's log house in 
 Byron woods, in July, 1839. Three county commissioners, a treasurer and a register were 
 nominated. 
 
 The second white child born in Fond du Lac County was Harriet La Borde; the third 
 John Denniston's girl ; the fourth Matilda de Neveu, and the fifth and sixth (twins) C. K. Pier 
 and Mrs. H. R. Skinner. 
 
 The first election was held August 6, 1839, when county officers were elected. There was 
 but one ticket in the field, and ballots were written on pieces of paper of various sizes and colors. 
 
 The first marriage was that of Alonzo Raymond to Miss Harriet Pier, September 26, 1838, 
 the ceremony being performed by John Bannister, a Justice of the Peace. 
 
 The first bridge was built by soldiers from Fort Winnebago in the fall of 1836, across the 
 East Branch of the Fond du Lac River near Forest street. This was a real "stringer" bridge. 
 A few weeks before, the same soldiers made a " log way " over Seven Mile Creek in Lamartine ; 
 over Rock River in Springvale and Grand River in Metomen. 
 
 The first physician was Dr. Mason C. Darling, who arrived in June, 1838. 
 
 The first lawyer was Stephen S. N. Fuller, who came from Great Bend, Penn., in 1843. 
 
 The first transaction of business pertaining to county government was at the house of Dr. 
 M. C. Darling on the 9th of October, 1839. 
 
 The first dwelling-house built by an actual settler was of logs on the Pier farm in the town 
 of Fond du Lac, by Edward Pier, early in 1837. It was the second building of any kind in 
 the county. The third building and second built by an actual settler was by George White 
 in 1837, in the town of Calumet. 
 
 The first cow was brought from Green Bay by Edward Pier in 1838. The first pigs were 
 purchased of the Brothertown Indians in the fall of 1837. They were stolen by the Indians. 
 No pork raised by the settlers was eaten by them until early in 1839. 
 
492 illSTORY OF FOND UU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The first schoolhouse was built early in 1842, in what is now the village of Taycheedah. 
 
 In May, 1845, the Baptists organized a church society, and in July of the same year the 
 Congregationalists organized a society under Rev. Stephen Peet. 
 
 The first grist or flouring mill was built by Henry Couklin in 1841-42, on Section 7 in the 
 town of Empire. The first saw-mill was begun late in 1837 by a Mr. Drake and another, and 
 finished in 1838 by Dr. M. C. Darling, on Section 16, which is now just within the city limits 
 of Fond du Lac. 
 
 The first newspaper was the Journal, by Henning & Hooker, issued September 14, 1846, 
 at Fond du Lac. It was Democratic. 
 
 The first bank was that of Darlincr, Wrio-ht & Co., and the first bank of issue that of 
 MoRea, Bell & Butler, which issued notes in 1852. 
 
 The first steamboat that touched at Fond du Lac was the Manchester, in 1842, commanded 
 by Capt. S. Houghtalling. 
 
 The first steam saw-mill was built at Fond du Lac by Davis & Ruggles in 1846. 
 
 The first daily paper was the Herald, at Fond du Lac, published by Royal Buck in 1854. 
 
 The first hotel was the "Fond du Lac House," by Colwert Pier, opened in 183o at Fond 
 du Lac. The second was also called the ''Fond du Lac House," opened at Fond du Lac in 
 1838 by Dr. M. C. Darling. Both were of logs. 
 
 The first school was taught by a Miss Harriet Harding, from Hingham, Mass., in 1840, in 
 Edward Pier's log residence, just south of tlie present limits of Fond du Lac City. 
 
 The first drug store was opened by David R. Curran, late in 184(3, at Fond du Lac. 
 
 The first fountain was discovered by Theodore Conkey, on the corner of Main street and 
 Western avenue, in the city of Fond du Lac, in the summer of 1846. 
 
 In 1839, Rev. Jesse Halstead formed at Taycheedah, with Francis McCarty as " leader," 
 the first religious class. 
 
 In 1838, as already noted, a post ofiice was established at Fond du Lac. The first mail 
 was brought to the place February 5 of that year. The mail was carried for some time, once 
 in two weeks, from Green Bay, by a half-blood Indian, on foot. Colwert Pier was the first 
 Postmaster, but was succeeded the following year by Dr. M. C. Darling. 
 
 The first cheese in Fond du Lac County, made by a resident, was the work of Mrs. Reuben 
 Simmons, in the summer of 1840, when, besides doing all the housework, cutting and making 
 clothes for a family of seven, and assisting in milking, she made a cheese weighing from thirty 
 to fifty pounds each day, only having the assistance of a girl some six weeks. 
 
 The first coroner's inquest, or such an imitation of one as could be had without legal 
 forms or printed statutes, was held in the latter part of June, 1838, over the body of a Mr. May, 
 whose wife, now deceased, afterward became the wife of Joseph King, now of Fond du Lac. 
 Mr. May, who was a large, powerful man, had been engaged by Dr. Darling to come to 
 Fond du Lac and operate the saw-mill, afterward known as the Clark mill in the town 
 of Fond du Lac, and had started on foot fi'om Green Bay. He ate breakfast at Wright's Hotel, 
 in what is now Wrightstown, Brown Co., with G. deNeveu, now living in the town of Empire. 
 He then ate but little and his voice sounded hollow and husky. He walked like one under a 
 great burden of weariness, getting on slowly, calling for water, of which he drank unusual 
 quantities, at nearly every house in Stockbridge. He walked still more heavily and wearily at 
 Stockbridge, as though each succeeding step must be the last, and three days afterward was 
 found dead against a tree by Narcisse Baudoin, a mail carrier, in Section 3, town of Taycheedah. 
 As Baudoin was passing along he discovered a scent in the air which he recognized as putrefying 
 flesh, and on making a search found the dead man in an advanced state of decomposition, owing 
 to the scalding heat of the June sun, to which the corpse was fully exposed. He told his story 
 at Fond du Lac, and Dr. Darling, Luke La Borde, and others mostly Lidians, went to the spot, 
 when, with Mr. White, of the town of Calumet, something like an inquest was held. Mr. 
 May's watch and papers were found and identified, and the body buried where it was found, as 
 it could not be removed. His hands were stained with strawberries, showing his last earthly 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 493 
 
 refreshment to have been this delicious wild fruit, which grew in profusion in the vicinity of 
 where the body was found. This was the second death and second burial of a white person in 
 what is now Fond du Lac County. Mrs. May, his wife, had reached Fond du Lac Village a 
 few days previous to his lonely death. 
 
 The first deed known to have been executed for land lying within the present limits of 
 Fond du Lac County, was a deed of quit-claim, dated July 30, 1835, from Peter Paquette and 
 Therese, his wife, to Barley Foliett, all of Brown County, in consideration of .91,000 — convey- 
 ing " all that section, parcel and tracts of land situate, lying and being on the River Fond du 
 Lac, near the southern extremity of Lake Winnebago, known and designated by the survey 
 made by the United States as Section 10, of Township 15 north, and Range 17 east." This 
 deed was acknowledged on the 17th day of August, 1835, before M. L. Martin, Notary Public. 
 It conveyed 640 acres of land, the south half of which now lies in the heart of the city of Fond 
 du Lac. The first deed recorded in Brown County, of land lying in what is now the county of 
 Fond du Lac, was dated two days subsequent to the one just mentioned. It is as follows: 
 
 Know all men hy Ihese presents : Thit I, Louise Jurvis. of Green Bay, in the County of Brown and Territory of 
 Michigan, m consideration of tlie sum of one hundred dollars to me in hand paiil by Maxim (tarvies, of the same 
 place, the receipt whereof 1 do hereby acknowledge, have bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and hy these presents 
 do bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said Maxim Garvies and to his heirs and assigns forever, all my right, title, 
 interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and in equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy of, in and to, 
 all that certain piece or parcel of land, situate, lying and being, in the County of Brown, and Territory aforesaid, 
 bounded and described as follows, to wit: On the east side of Winnebago Lake, being the undivided one-fourth part 
 of lots numbered one and two, in the northeast quarter of Section 27 (twenty-seven), in Township 17 (seventeen), 
 north of Range 18 (eighteen) east, in the Green Bay Land District, and containing seventy-eight and eleven hun- 
 dredths acres of land more or less, with all and singular the hereditaments and appurtenances thereunto belonging. 
 In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the first day of August, in the year one thousand eight 
 hundred and thirty-five. her 
 
 LonisE X Jarvis. 
 murk 
 In presence of [the words, ■' the undivided one-fourth part of," 
 interlined in the fifteenth line before signing] 
 Solomon Juneau, 
 .Joseph Dickinson. 
 Territory of Michigan, ('ouxty of Brown — ss. 
 
 Be it remembered, that on the first day of August, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and thirty- 
 five, personally came before me the undersigned, the within-named Louise Jarvis, known to me, and acknowledged 
 that she executed the within deed for the uses and purposes therein expressed. 
 
 JosFPH Dickinson, Justice of the Peacr. 
 Recorded on Saturday, the 1st of August, A. D. 183.5, at 5 o'clock, P. M. 
 
 K. I. Irwin, Register. 
 
 POST OVFICES AND POSTMASTERS IN 1868. 
 
 Ashford, • R. Hemmenway ; New Cassel, F. M. Findeisen ; Newfane, H. Parsons ; New 
 Prospect, Benjamin Romaine ; Byron, J. Noyes ; Calumet Harbor, Thomas Zweifel ; Heinsberg, 
 Henry Hilt ; Marytown, M. Boergeous ; Eden, Peter Vandervoort ; Foster, Egbert Foster ; 
 Junius, Z. G. Coppernoll ; Eldorado, Anton George ; Empire, George Meiklejohn ; Fond du 
 Lac, R. M. Lewis; Banner, C. A. Corbett ; Dotyville, J. Hubbard; Van Dyne, AVilliam 
 Lumley ; Lamartine, Albert Hodge ; North Lamartine, William Abbs ; WoodhuU, D. R. Will- 
 iams; Moria, Peter Shrager ; Brandon, B. F. Lockwood ; Fairwater, William C. Gillman ; 
 Metomen, P. Gallagher ; Oakfield, N. Filbey ; Oak Center, D. Hatch ; Armstrong's Corners, 
 S. F. Armstrong ; Dundee, Otto Ehrmann ; Osceola, William Mitchell ; Waucousta, J. D. 
 Iding ; Ripon, D. McKercher ; Rosendale, H. I. Ackerman ; West Rosendale, G. L. Hammond ; 
 Nanaupa, S. Wilkinson ; Taycheedah, John Preuss ; North Taycheedah, D. Ripley ; W^aupun, 
 J. H. BrinkerhofF; Ladoga, J. J. Davis. 
 
 POST OFFICES IN 1880. 
 
 Armstrong's Corners, Ashford, Banner, Brandon, Byron, Calumet Harbor, Calvary, Camp- 
 bellsport, Dotyville, Dundee, Eden, Eldorado, Eldorado Mills, Elmore, Empire, Fairwater, 
 Fond du Lac, Foster, Ilinesberg, Ladoga, Lamartine, Malone, Marytown, Metomen, Mount 
 
494 
 
 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Calvary, New Cassel, Newfane, North Taycheedah, Oak Center, Oakfield, Osceola, Peebles, 
 Ripon, Rosendale, Saint Cloud, Saint Killian, South Eden, Summit Station, Taycheedah, Van 
 Dyne, Waucousta, Waupun, West Rosendale, Woodhull. 
 
 ABSTRACTS OF ASSESSMENTS. 
 
 Following are the abstracts of assessments of the several towns, cities and villages in the 
 county of Fond du Lac, as returned to the County Clerk, for the year 1879, under the provis- 
 ions of Chapter 106, of General Laws of 1869 ; also the average valuation of the items in 
 detail of personal property, and average price per acre of farming lands, together with the 
 aggregate valuation of all property for 1879 : 
 
 
 HORSES. 
 
 
 CATTLE. 
 
 
 MULES AND 
 
 A6SES. 
 
 SHEEP AND LAMBS. 
 
 
 8WINE. 
 
 
 TOWNS. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Av. 
 Value. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 At. 
 Valve. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 At. 
 Value. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Av. 
 Value. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Av. 
 Value. 
 
 Aahford 
 
 668 
 425 
 706 
 670 
 691 
 465 
 442 
 535 
 601 
 779 
 472 
 395 
 505 
 619 
 683 
 483 
 443 
 650 
 340 
 694 
 643 
 641 
 62(1 
 112 
 
 $ 26255 
 22849 
 31160 
 39993 
 37360 
 24162 
 24156 
 24960 
 27300 
 40640 
 24996 
 18629 
 26600 
 31095 
 34960 
 23637 
 18935 
 34556 
 19545 
 30630 
 36983 
 14.543 
 30711 
 5325 
 
 $45 26 
 
 53 76 
 44 13 
 59 69 
 
 63 21 
 61 94 
 
 64 65 
 
 46 65 
 
 54 49 
 52 17 
 52 96 
 
 47 16 
 
 50 69 
 59 91 
 
 51 19 
 
 48 94 
 42 74 
 63 16 
 57 49 
 61 67 
 67 52 
 26 88 
 
 49 53 
 47 54 
 
 1662 
 1099 
 2133 
 2542 
 1534 
 1276 
 1134 
 1.510 
 1220 
 
 353 
 1679 
 1083 
 1450 
 1481 
 1320 
 1701 
 1352 
 1171 
 
 296 
 1761 
 1899 
 1420 
 2096 
 
 116 
 
 $ 17445 
 16373 
 22281 
 25616 
 18493 
 14218 
 17ti34 
 18967 
 164(J8 
 
 6556 
 14732 
 13157 
 20686 
 18030 
 16070 
 21242 
 11415 
 16633 
 
 5405 
 23297 
 26826 
 10170 
 27821 
 
 1645 
 
 SIO 50 
 
 14 89 
 
 10 42 
 16 65 
 12 05 
 
 11 16 
 
 15 65 
 
 12 .55 
 
 13 46 
 18 67 
 
 9 33 
 12 16 
 
 14 26 
 12 17 
 12 17 
 
 12 49 
 8 44 
 
 14 20 
 18 66 
 
 13 23 
 
 14 13 
 7 16 
 
 13 27 
 
 14 30 
 
 8 
 2 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 $ 320 
 100 
 170 
 295 
 300 
 
 S40 00 
 50 00 
 34 00 
 49 17 
 76 00 
 
 4278 
 
 1787 
 3070 
 7001 
 
 (i90 
 7670 
 4402 
 3171 
 1914 
 4 
 1881 
 1154 
 3437 
 
 829 
 6729 
 7212 
 2017 
 3965 
 
 143 
 7739 
 6126 
 1666 
 5293 
 
 $ 5899 
 
 2669 
 
 5176 
 
 14627 
 
 1378 
 
 11506 
 
 8801 
 
 4839 
 
 2866 
 
 9 
 
 2317 
 
 1830 
 
 6864 
 
 1620 
 
 10995 
 
 116.35 
 
 3376 
 
 7829 
 
 230 
 
 14387 
 
 10716 
 
 1347 
 
 9583 
 
 $ 1 38 
 1 41 
 
 1 68 
 
 2 09 
 2 00 
 
 1 60 
 
 2 00 
 2 00 
 
 1 61 
 
 2 25 
 1 23 
 
 1 68 
 
 2 GO 
 1 96 
 1 63 
 1 60 
 ! 67 
 1 99 
 1 61 
 1 86 
 1 76 
 1 27 
 1 81 
 
 1098 
 863 
 976 
 723 
 931 
 663 
 485 
 734 
 411 
 
 67 
 643 
 486 
 220 
 987 
 1111 
 618 
 460 
 802 
 
 74 
 810 
 801 
 673 
 756 
 
 99 
 
 $ 3371 00 
 
 1888 00 
 22.36 00 
 2030 50 
 1970 00 
 1296 00 
 1093 00 
 1469 00 
 1306 00 
 
 203 00 
 1015 110 
 
 952 00 
 1286 00 
 1976 00 
 2370 00 
 1721 00 
 
 562 00 
 2806 60 
 
 247 00 
 2205 00 
 2322 00 
 
 S96 00 
 3255 00 
 
 303 00 
 
 $ 3 07 
 
 
 2 19 
 
 Alto 
 
 2 29 
 
 
 2 81 
 
 
 2 12 
 
 
 1 60 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 8 
 7 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 
 17 
 4 
 2 
 8 
 2 
 8 
 
 19 
 9 
 7 
 4 
 
 226 
 140 
 310 
 390 
 130 
 180 
 160 
 1000 
 250 
 60 
 265 
 176 
 600 
 650 
 6(10 
 310 
 250 
 
 45 00 
 70 00 
 38 76 
 .56 71 
 
 65 OO 
 45 01) 
 40 00 
 68 82 
 62 60 
 26 00 
 31 88 
 87 50 
 75 00 
 28 95 
 
 66 66 
 44 28 
 62 60 
 
 2 25 
 
 Eldorado 
 
 2 00 
 
 3 18 
 
 Fond d 11 Lac City 
 
 3 03 
 1 58 
 
 Friendship 
 
 1 96 
 
 
 6 85 
 
 Marrihfield 
 
 2 00 
 
 
 2 13 
 
 Oakfield 
 
 2 78 
 
 Osceola 
 
 1 22 
 3 60 
 
 Ripon City 
 
 3 34 
 2 83 
 
 
 2 90 
 
 
 1 33 
 
 
 4 31 
 
 Waiiniin Citv N Ward 
 
 3 06 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 12672 
 
 8 647969 
 
 S61 13 
 
 32186 
 
 S 401098 
 
 S12 46 
 
 137 
 
 $6760 
 
 $49 34 
 
 81573 
 
 $ 140419 
 
 8 1 72 
 
 15490 
 
 $ 38868 50 
 
 $ 2 61 
 
 ABSTRACTS OF ASSESSMENTS — Continued. 
 
 
 WAGONS, CAEBIAOES AND 
 SLEIGHS. 
 
 WATCHES. 
 
 PIANOS 
 
 AND MELODEONS 
 
 SHARES OF BANK 
 STOCK. 
 
 Mercbante 
 
 & Man'fra 
 
 Stock. 
 
 TOWNS. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Average 
 Value. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 .\verage 
 Value. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Average 
 Value. 
 
 No. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 
 325 
 189 
 299 
 413 
 376 
 317 
 242 
 230 
 239 
 1056 
 199 
 101 
 220 
 291 
 190 
 282 
 153 
 415 
 3S7 
 199 
 368 
 174 
 431 
 1.53 
 
 $ 4667 
 6124 
 6373 
 
 10631 
 8023 
 4804 
 4146 
 4621 
 6875 
 
 46921 
 3220 
 2860 
 6002 
 4851 
 4890 
 
 $ 14 05 
 32 40 
 17 97 
 25 74 
 21 34 
 
 15 12 
 17 13 
 19 66 
 28 77 
 44 43 
 
 16 18 
 28 31 
 27 28 
 16 67 
 25 74 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 14 
 27 
 51 
 
 7 
 
 $ 405 
 
 780 
 
 825 
 
 2449 
 
 450 
 
 $ 20 25 
 56 71 
 30 56 
 48 02 
 64 29 
 
 
 
 $ 9985 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5630 
 
 Alto 
 
 20 
 38 
 12 
 13 
 22 
 8 
 37 
 407 
 
 $ 185 
 509 
 46 
 156 
 220 
 126 
 684 
 10563 
 
 $ 9 25 
 13 39 
 3 83 
 12 00 
 • 10 00 
 15 62 
 18 49 
 26 93 
 
 
 
 1700 
 
 
 
 
 600 
 
 
 
 
 4500 
 
 
 
 
 863 
 
 
 26 
 
 22 
 52 
 292 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 32 
 
 6 
 48 
 43 
 
 8 
 32 
 111 
 29 
 39 
 
 9 
 48 
 38 
 
 768 
 930 
 
 2250 
 
 28475 
 
 14(1 
 
 190 
 
 1265 
 279 
 
 2155 
 945 
 230 
 
 1295 
 
 10120 
 
 995 
 
 1266 
 199 
 
 2685 
 
 29 64 
 
 42 27 
 
 43 27 
 97 52 
 21) 00 
 47 60 
 39 53 
 46 50 
 
 44 90 
 19 66 
 
 
 
 1078 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4^00 
 
 
 1260 
 
 $ 86000 
 
 378276 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 14 
 
 8 
 67 
 39 
 
 115 
 260 
 130 
 980 
 399 
 
 57 60 
 17 86 
 
 16 25 
 
 17 19 
 10 23 
 
 
 
 620 
 
 
 
 
 21(K» 
 
 
 
 
 5860 
 
 
 
 
 23660 
 
 
 5423! 19 23 
 
 
 
 12080 
 
 
 28 75 
 40 47 
 91 17 
 34 31 
 
 
 
 2865 
 
 Kipon 
 
 7779 
 17125 
 ■ 6271 
 9120 
 2242 
 10265 
 
 18 74 
 
 44 25 
 26 49 
 24 78 
 12 88 
 23 82 
 
 32 
 198 
 25 
 39 
 
 532 
 6360 
 372 
 605 
 
 16 62 
 27 07 
 14 88 
 12 95 
 
 
 
 500 
 
 
 50O 
 
 48000 
 
 90000 
 
 
 2300 
 
 
 32 18 
 22 11 
 53 85 
 
 
 
 1375 
 
 
 
 
 3520 
 
 
 61 
 62 
 
 684 
 1117 
 
 11 21 
 18 01 
 
 
 2000 
 
 
 2010 52 89 
 
 
 3(j860 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 7694 
 
 $1890.35 
 
 $24 89 
 
 1093 
 
 $22922 
 
 $20 97 
 
 965 
 
 $60995 
 
 $63 21 
 
 1760 
 
 $134000 
 
 $684641 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 495 
 
 ABSTRACTS OF ASSESSMENTS — Continued. 
 
 TOWNS. 
 
 All other 
 
 Personal 
 
 Properly. 
 
 Total 
 Personal 
 Property. 
 
 FABMINO LANDS. 
 
 City and 
 
 Village 
 Lots. 
 
 Total 
 
 of 
 Real Estate. 
 
 Total of Real 
 and Personal 
 
 Property. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Number 
 
 of 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Total Value. 
 
 Average 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Aahf.jrd 
 
 $ 26194 
 17402 
 60710 
 32260 
 634G8 
 15596 
 20035 
 10933 
 47662 
 
 190880 
 10493 
 8400 
 40436 
 20029 
 
 204725 
 
 105080 
 
 6859 
 
 36263 
 
 162250 
 89671 
 49531 
 3568 
 72225 
 66480 
 
 J 93441 
 
 73815 
 
 119816 
 
 128911 
 
 12.5988 
 
 72690 
 
 78165 
 
 66875 
 
 110082 
 
 788901 
 
 57042 
 
 40833 
 
 104649 
 
 84860 
 
 301055 
 
 182112 
 
 45889 
 
 108358 
 
 368972 
 
 169768 
 
 139232 
 
 36795 
 
 169379 
 
 103330 
 
 228681^ 
 
 22330 
 
 22700><J 
 
 23039 
 
 19092 
 
 23022 
 
 19216 
 
 23021% 
 
 18271}! 
 
 S549478 
 272430 
 678495 
 844571 
 521089 
 419000 
 440480 
 G23G95 
 903780 
 
 $24 03 
 12 20 
 
 26 48 
 36 68 
 
 27 29 
 18 20 
 22 92 
 27 09 
 49 46 
 
 $ 28635 
 28655 
 
 $578113 
 301085 
 678495 
 844571 
 634904 
 419000 
 440480 
 623695 
 903780 
 
 2697472 
 627338 
 602851 
 722726 
 499300 
 771025 
 776805 
 264355 
 627685 
 859635 
 656726 
 681 630 
 210765 
 684575 
 183160 
 
 $6715.54 
 
 
 374900 
 
 
 707311 
 
 
 
 973482 
 
 
 1?815 
 
 660892 
 
 Eden . . 
 
 491690 
 
 
 
 618635 
 
 
 
 690570 
 
 
 
 1013862 
 
 
 2597472 
 
 3386373 
 
 
 22735 
 
 1146454 
 
 23090'^ 
 
 22579 
 
 224:'.2lX 
 
 232103,S 
 
 22398 " 
 
 20276% 
 
 627338 
 497781 
 722726 
 428765 
 673210 
 750000 
 2G4355 
 627686 
 
 23 19 
 43 42 
 
 31 30 
 18 99 
 30 02 
 
 32 31 
 11 80 
 30 95 
 
 584380 
 
 
 6070 
 
 649684 
 
 
 827376 
 
 Marshfield 
 
 70535 
 97815 
 25805 
 
 684160 
 
 
 1072080 
 
 tlakfield 
 
 957917 
 
 
 310244 
 
 Kipon 
 
 
 736043 
 
 
 859636 
 15160 
 
 1218607 
 
 
 22746 
 23046 
 195351.^ 
 22460 
 264 
 
 641576 
 681630 
 204286 
 684575 
 13485 
 
 18 21 
 
 29 65 
 10 45 
 
 30 48 
 61 08 
 
 82G493 
 
 
 820862 
 
 Taycheedah 
 
 6530 
 
 247560 
 
 
 843954 
 
 Waupun City, North Ward 
 
 169675 
 
 28G490 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 $1330140 
 
 S3556843 
 
 4497S8'4 
 
 $11870378 
 
 $26 39 
 
 S3918792 
 
 $16798170 
 
 $19355018 
 
 In 1846, there were no returns made of personal property, 
 personal property, and in- 1857, none was returned from Eden 
 Osceola. 
 
 In 1849, Auburn returned on 
 , Friendship, Marshfield and 
 
 POPULATION OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. 
 
 The population of Fond du Lac County was in«1836, but 2 ; in 1840, 139 ; in 1842, 295 ; 
 in 1846, it was 3,544; in 1847, it was 7,459. The following are the Federal census returns: 
 
 608 
 628 
 248 
 83.5 
 
 Alto '. 
 
 Ashford 
 
 Auburn 
 
 Byron 
 
 Calumet I 1,764 
 
 Ceresco* ' 3.56 
 
 Eden i 840 
 
 Eldorado | 504 
 
 Empire 
 
 Fond du Lac I 2,011 
 
 Fond du Lac City 
 
 Forest \ 1,256 
 
 Friendship 412 
 
 Lamartinef 588 
 
 1,266 
 1,721 
 1,180 
 1,.366 
 1,451 
 
 1,271 
 1,180 
 
 805 
 1,221 
 5,431 
 1,231 
 
 637 
 1,151 
 
 1,448 
 1,7'.)1> 
 l,62n 
 1,441 
 1,460 
 
 1,448 
 1,674 
 1,055 
 1,266 
 12,764 
 1,41 
 1,108 
 1,367 
 
 720 
 769 
 
 Marsbfield 
 
 M etomen 
 
 Oakfield 
 
 Osceola 
 
 Ripon 
 
 Ripen City 
 
 Rosendale 
 
 Springvale I 588 
 
 Taycheedah 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Waupun North Ward 
 
 714 
 
 880 
 
 Total 14,510 34,1.54 46,273 
 
 403 
 611 
 146 
 881 
 1180 
 010 
 176 
 ,296 
 ,483 
 ,108 
 860 
 
 1,.593 
 1,898 
 1,361 
 1,209 
 4,119 
 2,976 
 1,298 
 1,246 
 1,-522 
 2,161 
 924 
 
 The State census of 1855 showed a total of 24,784 ; a special count in 1856, 25,085 ; State 
 census of 1865, 42,029; and of 1875, 50,241 inhabitants. It is to be regretted that the Federal 
 census of 1880 (so soon to be taken) cannot be given in this connection. 
 
 * Changed to Ripon before the census of lS6o. 
 t Seven Mile Creek in 1847. ^ 
 
496 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 VALUATION OP THE COUNTY BY TOWNS AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. 
 
 TOWNS. 
 
 1846. 
 
 1849. 
 
 1857. 
 
 1869. 
 
 1879. 
 
 Real. 
 
 Eeal 
 
 Pers'l. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Seal. 
 
 Personal 
 
 Total. 
 
 Seal. 
 
 Personal 
 
 Total. 
 
 Personal 
 
 Beat. 
 
 Total. 
 
 ABhford 
 
 
 
 
 
 $51396 
 42412 
 83270 
 82240 
 52974 
 55201 
 62481 
 .53065 
 
 140185 
 
 498127 
 37812 
 26629 
 67S73 
 39075 
 
 130735 
 71417 
 37856 
 
 217993 
 
 $1660 
 
 3060 
 
 7426 
 
 13252 
 
 29140 
 
 $53046 
 46472 
 90606 
 95492 
 82114 
 65204 
 54811 
 54465 
 
 166473 
 
 572072 
 37987 
 26629 
 70258 
 39076 
 
 134105 
 84223 
 37866 
 
 246923 
 
 $368940 
 296504 
 671801 
 512379 
 393293 
 276348 
 394051 
 414090 
 621582 
 
 2484075 
 280840 
 251559 
 472320 
 298805 
 696884 
 569200 
 208788 
 609990 
 743143 
 511045 
 511007 
 382466 
 497107 
 127072 
 
 $70000 
 
 69000 
 
 125000 
 
 135000 
 
 65000 
 
 45000 
 
 75000 
 
 80000 
 
 130000 
 
 820000 
 
 4200U 
 
 32000 
 
 100000 
 
 45000 
 
 200000 
 
 180000 
 
 30000 
 
 130000 
 
 4500^10 
 
 135000 
 
 125000 
 
 50000 
 
 125000 
 
 73000 
 
 $438940 
 
 354624 
 636801 
 647379 
 458293 
 321348 
 469051 
 494090 
 751582 
 
 3304075 
 322840 
 283569 
 672320 
 343805 
 895884 
 749200 
 238788 
 739990 
 
 1193143 
 646046 
 636067 
 432466 
 622107 
 200672 
 
 $93441 
 
 73815 
 
 119816 
 
 128911 
 
 125988 
 
 72590 
 
 78156 
 
 66875 
 
 110082 
 
 788901 
 
 57042 
 
 46833 
 
 104649 
 
 84860 
 
 301055 
 
 182112 
 
 45889 
 
 108358 
 
 358972 
 
 169768 
 
 139232 
 
 36796 
 
 169.379 
 
 103330 
 
 $578113 
 301086 
 678495 
 844571 
 634904 
 41900 
 440480 
 623696 
 903780 
 
 2597472 
 627.338 
 602851 
 722726 
 499300 
 771025 
 776805 
 264366 
 627686 
 869636 
 656726 
 681630 
 210765 
 684575 
 183160 
 
 $671654 
 
 
 
 $23311 
 44271 
 67450 
 95186 
 55185 
 
 
 
 $23311 
 44271 
 80122 
 
 125941 
 57408 
 
 374900 
 707311 
 
 Alto 
 
 
 
 
 $23135 
 34121 
 
 $12672 
 
 30755 
 
 2283 
 
 973482 
 
 
 660892 
 
 
 491690 
 
 
 
 2350 
 
 1400 
 
 20288 
 
 73945 
 
 176 
 
 618635 
 
 
 
 31197 
 177905 
 
 1683 
 36200 
 
 32880 
 214105 
 
 690570 
 
 
 118321 
 
 1013862 
 
 
 3386373 
 
 Forest 
 
 
 47008 
 
 44U4 
 
 40875 
 
 
 47008 
 
 5232 
 
 43874 
 
 584380 
 
 
 
 828 
 2999 
 
 649684 
 
 
 
 2385 
 
 827376 
 
 
 
 6841G0 
 
 
 13762 
 15073 
 
 45211 
 48687 
 
 5012 
 12514 
 
 58223 
 61201 
 
 3430 
 12806 
 
 1072080 
 
 Oakfield 
 
 957917 
 
 
 310244 
 
 
 17243 
 
 46897 
 
 2810 
 
 49707 
 
 28930 
 
 736043 
 
 
 1218607 
 
 
 11801 
 
 47455 
 45518 
 96879 
 67606 
 
 2918 
 
 60373 
 46518 
 100895 
 68056 
 
 81963 
 83435 
 61906 
 137988 
 42033 
 
 8320 
 9806 
 1600 
 8845 
 10900 
 
 90273 
 93241 
 63406 
 146833 
 62933 
 
 82(i493 
 
 
 820862 
 
 
 
 4016 
 1350 
 
 247560 
 
 
 13172 
 
 843954 
 
 Waupun N Ward- 
 
 2S6190 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 8246571 
 
 
 
 
 81637910 
 
 $239607 
 
 $2393646 
 
 $12432029 
 
 $3321000 
 
 $15763029 
 
 $3556848 
 
 $15798170 
 
 $19355018. 
 
 Following is the report of che Committee on Equalization for 1852 : 
 
 19831 
 
 Fond du Lac 
 
 City, (South Ward 
 
 " (North Ward 
 
 Friendship 
 
 Byron 
 
 Eden 
 
 Ashford 
 
 Auburn 
 
 Osceola 
 
 Forest 
 
 Empire ! 18689 
 
 Cahiniet j 34894 
 
 8920 
 22942 
 21093 
 11.514 
 17110 
 16712 
 2SI.339 
 
 $144766 
 
 16'U93 
 
 137238 
 
 12976 
 
 73289 
 
 38898 
 
 32802 
 
 25787 
 
 23855 
 
 42093 
 
 54537 
 
 14.3556 
 
 $1237 
 
 1395 
 
 1173 
 
 110 
 
 626 
 
 330 
 
 280 
 
 320 
 
 202 
 
 359 
 
 466 
 
 1227 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 Taycheedah.. 
 
 Oakfield 
 
 Waupun 
 
 Alto 
 
 Metomen 
 
 Springvale... 
 Lamarline... 
 
 Eldorado 
 
 Rosendale 
 
 Ceresc* 
 
 Totals. 
 
 10643 
 22966 
 21221 
 22208 
 22648 
 22786 
 22505 
 20609 
 21281 
 21818 
 
 400098 
 
 Value. 
 
 $52290 
 
 54870 
 90205 
 38260 
 56255 
 55570! 
 35643 
 28842 
 54568 
 99230 
 
 $447 
 469 
 771 
 327 
 480 
 473 
 475 
 332 
 466 
 848 
 
 $1488193 $12724 
 
 Total value of Real Estate Sl,057,-53O 
 
 " " " Personal Property 132,491 
 
 Value of city and village real estate 308,172 
 
 State, county, and school tax levied 12,724 
 
 The total tax levied in Fond du Lac County for all purposes, in 1877, was $283,691, on 
 an assessed valuation of .$13,941,027. In that year, the assessed valuation of Milwaukee, 
 Dane, Rock and Waukesha Counties exceeded that of Fond du Lac, but the Assessors did not 
 make their returns on the same basis. The tax, however, in Fond du Lac County was exceeded 
 only by Milwaukee, Winnebago and Dane Counties. 
 
 DISTANCES. 
 
 The distances to points within the county, from the city of Fond du Lac, are : To Brandon, 
 18 miles; Calumet Harbor, 12 ; Calvary, 11; Dundee, 18 ; Eden, 8 ; Eldorado Mills, 10 ; Lam- 
 artine, 7 ; New Cassel, 15 ; Oakfield, 9 ; Ripon, 20 : Rosendale Station, 10 ; Saint Cloud, 15 ; 
 Van Dyne, 8 ; Waupun, 20. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 497 
 
 The distances to points within the State, from the city of Fond du Lac, are : To Apple- 
 ton, 37 miles; Beaver Dam, 32 miles; Beloit, 118; Berlin, 34; Burnett Junction. 25; Clin- 
 ton Junction, 108 ; Fox Lake (by way of Minnesota Junction), 42 ; Fort Atkinson, 66 ; Green 
 Bay, 67; Harvard Junction, 114; Janesville, 85; Jefferson, 60; Juneau, 31; Kenosha, 96; 
 La Crosse (by way of Watertown Junction), 195 ; Madison (by way of Milton Junction, 109 ; 
 Milton Junction, 77 ; Milwaukee, 63 ; Minnesota Junction, 28 ; Neenah and Menasha, 30 ; 
 Omro (by way of Ripon), 40 ; Oshkosh, 17 ; Prairie du Chien (by way of Milton Junction), 207 ; 
 Princeton, 39; Portage (by way of Minnesota Junction), 69; Racine, 88; Sheboygan, 42; 
 Watertown, 46 ; West Bend, 29 ; Winneconne, 44 ; Green Lake, 26. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS FOR 1859. 
 
 NAMES or TOWNS. 
 
 a 
 
 c 
 
 s. 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 U 
 
 p— 
 
 00 
 
 d 
 
 5 
 
 M 
 
 > 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 .a 
 
 CO 
 
 E 
 
 •D 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Sz; 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 t 
 
 a 
 6 
 
 i 
 
 . o 
 
 o w 
 
 t 
 
 if 
 
 >■ 
 
 a 
 
 
 CO s> 
 
 11 
 
 
 No. feet of Lum- 
 ber sawed. 
 
 lb 
 
 s 
 
 I 
 
 Ash ford 
 
 1760 
 1-20(1 
 1400 
 1320 
 
 893 
 1520 
 
 800 
 1200 
 1400 
 1600 
 1210 
 5582 
 
 650 
 1120 
 
 880 
 1280 
 1180 
 1200 
 1317 
 1040 
 2040 
 1G19 
 1228 
 
 309 
 .242 
 243 
 235 
 173 
 253 
 134 
 240 
 240 
 254 
 233 
 1022 
 121 
 224 
 180 
 230 
 225 
 224 
 242 
 187 
 444 
 318 
 195 
 
 25 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 78 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 $173403 
 149437 
 343000 
 200000 
 130000 
 240000 
 232000 
 154600 
 138980 
 204670 
 604423 
 
 2367600 
 10200 
 493517 
 244109 
 472050 
 592933 
 358135 
 652160 
 865000 
 608000 
 657039 
 584429 
 612000 
 
 16 
 16 
 11 
 13 
 8 
 6 
 8 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 4 
 13 
 4 
 9 
 3 
 3 
 7 
 8 
 6 
 5 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 23 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 623 
 309 
 338 
 493 
 290 
 250 
 200 
 325 
 180 
 280 
 260 
 1154 
 180 
 347 
 116 
 170 
 315 
 373 
 263 
 300 
 582 
 584 
 444 
 351 
 
 4 
 
 880 
 
 11900 
 
 9400 
 
 • $ 37500 
 
 600000 
 
 $ 6320 
 5320 
 
 Auburn 
 
 Byron 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 "i 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 500 
 400 
 300 
 800 
 
 ""560 
 500 
 800 
 
 1275 
 100 
 350 
 
 4000 
 
 2700 
 
 800 
 
 7000 
 
 
 
 400000 
 
 
 Eden 
 
 
 
 
 Osceola 
 
 
 
 
 
 Calumet 
 
 5400 
 3800 
 5500 
 3300 
 5000 
 14000 
 12700 
 
 22000 
 17500 
 25000 
 12000 
 25000 
 71200 
 70500 
 
 500000 
 
 4900 
 
 Empire 
 
 
 
 
 
 Marshfield 
 
 
 
 Taycheedah 
 
 150000 
 
 300000 
 
 15000000 
 
 1050 
 
 Fond du Lac (Town).. 
 Fond du Lac (City).... 
 
 Frienilship 
 
 Lamartine 
 
 18760 
 
 9 
 
 3400 
 
 33400 
 
 150250 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 3 
 
 150 
 500 
 300 
 875 
 200 
 700 
 
 600 
 2800 
 2500 
 1.350 
 
 800 
 5800 
 
 
 
 
 
 Waupun (Village) 
 
 Waupun (Town) 
 
 Oakfield 
 
 13000 
 
 57000 
 
 
 
 
 
 10000 
 
 50000 
 
 
 
 Eldorado 
 
 
 
 Springvale 
 
 1000 
 
 4320 
 
 
 
 Ripon (Town) 
 
 
 
 Ripon (City) 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 1100 
 900 
 800 
 600 
 
 9600 
 5400 
 4800 
 3000 
 
 6000 
 
 30800 
 
 
 
 Metomen 
 
 
 
 Alto 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rosendale 
 
 1160 211 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 34529 
 
 6585 
 
 318 
 
 ?11181485 
 
 91 
 
 217 
 
 8527 
 
 45 
 
 14205 
 
 $98125 
 
 88100 
 
 $432820 
 
 16860000 
 
 $186590 
 
 ELECTION STATISTICS OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Prmc^ewfs— 1848— Taylor, 446; Cass, 483; Van Buren, 497. 1852— Scott, 1,065; 
 Pierce, 1,635 ; Hale, 408. 18.56— Fremont, 2,511 ; Buchanan, 3,292 ; Fillmore, 25. 1860— 
 Lincoln, 4,106 ; Douglass, 3,001 ; Breckenridge, 3. 1864— Lincoln, 3,484 ; McClellan, 3,305. 
 1868— Grant, 4,734 ; Seymour, 4,466. 1872— Grant, 6,292 ; Greeley, 4,429 ; O'Connor, 19. 
 1876— Haye.s, 4,845 ; Tilden, 5,660 ; Cooper, 67. 
 
 6?o!;erMors— 1847— Tweedy, Dewey. 1849— Collins, 389; Dewey, 640. 1851— Far- 
 well, 877 ; Upham, 865. 1853— Holton, 1,217; Barstow, 1,489. 1855— Bashford, 1,989; 
 Barstow, 1,722. 1857— Randall, 2,097; Cross, 1,826. 1859— Randall, 3,214; Hobart, 
 2,530. 1861— Harvey, 2,440; Ferguson, 2,295. 1863— Lewis, 3,579; Palmer. 2,676. 
 1865— Fairchild, 2,871; Hobart, 2,759. 1867— Fairchild, 3,789; Tallmadge, 3,698. 
 1869— Fairchild, 8,071; Robinson, 3,289. 1871— Washburn, 3,596; Doolittle, 3,875. 
 1873— Washburn, 2,932; Taylor, 3,926. 1875— Ludington, .3,392; Taylor, 3,973. 1877— 
 Smith, 3,086; Mallory, 3,414; Allis, 1,249. 1879— Smith, 3,584; Jenkins, 3,834; 
 May, 583. 
 
498 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 6'heriffs— 1850— McGnrtj, 1,367 ; Daugherty, 496. 1852— Jenkinson, 1,608 ; Hunt- 
 ington, 961 ; Davis, 262. 1854— Brown, 1,369 ; Beaver, 1,447. 1856— Brundage, 2,387 ; 
 Mitchell, 3,335. 1858— McCarty, 2,466; Burnham, 2,774. 1860— Bobbins, 3,106; 
 Wheeler, 3,987. 1862— Eyclesheimer, 3,481; Henton, 3,142; 1864— Curran, 3,330: 
 *Francis, 3,438. 1867— Walters, 3,492 ; Town, 3,944. 1869— Eyclesheimer, 3,145 ; Pierce, 
 3,155. 1871— Rupp, 3,972 ; Bullis, 3,457. 1873— Klotz, 3,766, Bryant, 3,067. 1875— 
 Hill, 3,580; Lamb, 3,571. 1877— Ebner, 2,784; Colman, 4,078; Wiley, 943. 1879— 
 Lusk, 3,379 ; Bell, 4,328 ; Morris, 281. 
 
 CoHf/resme«— 1850— Hobart, 696; Doty, 1,182. 1852— Macy, 1,825; Shafter, 964. 
 1854— Macy, 1,175; Billinghurst, 1,560. 1856— Hobart, 2,546; Billinghurst, 3,272. 
 1858— Larrabee, 2,414 ; Billinghurst, 2,972. 1,860— Sloan, 4,114 ; Larrabee, 2,995. 1862— 
 Eldredge, 3,212; Bragg, 3,396. 1864— Eldredge, 3,313; Sloan, 3,479. 1866— Eldredge, 
 3,013; Hatch, 3,887. 1868— Eldredge, 4,486; Frisby, 4,712. 1870— Eldredge, 3,794; 
 Watrous, 3,240. 1872— Eldredge, 4,393; Baetz, 4,376. 1874— Burchard, 4,327; Barber, 
 3,512. 1876— Bragg, 5,618 ; Carter, 4,829. 1878— Bragg, 3,395 ; Smith, 3,188 ; Giddings, 
 1,687. 
 
 PROSPERITY OF THE COUNTY. 
 
 The uninterrupted prosperity and success which have attended ihe various branches of 
 enterprise and industry in the county of Fond du Lac, from its earliest settlement to the present 
 day, the change from an almost unbroken wilderness to a rich and populous county in the brief 
 space of time, naturally lead the mind to contemplations of deep interest and inquiry with 
 regard to the condition which the progressive energies of its people will work out in the future. 
 We have only to examine the resources of wealth which the county naturally presents for 
 improvement — the strength, skill and aptitude of the people to lay hold of natural advantages 
 and convert them to the most profitable form. In order justly to appreciate the energies which 
 have been put forth by the early settlers in this county, the results of which are so attractive to 
 the traveler, it should be borne in mind that the county of Fond du Lac was not settled by 
 capitalists bringing large amounts of money to expend in subduing and cultivating new lands, 
 but almost exclusively by men who were unable to purchase farms in the old States — -whose 
 physical and mental energies constituted their funded wealth. This was the capital invested in 
 the settlement and improvement of the county — a currency not subject to fluctuations. 
 
 The pioneers were men of independent minds and efforts, whose activities were controlled 
 b}' the dictates of their own judgments. The bosom of the earth, teeming with fertility, was 
 spread out before them. It is to the labor of its people that we must look for nearly all of the 
 wealth of the county. 
 
 It is universally admitted that the surest inde.x of the progressive energies of an agricult- 
 ural Community is discovered in the condition of its roads and schoolhouses. The light of 
 science to illuminate and invigorate the natural jiowers, and the facilities of communication 
 which tend to develop the social nature of man and bring into visibility the various interests by 
 which he is connected with society — as these are appreciated, cultivated and brought into con- 
 stant use, the vital energies, the enduring strength, and substantial wealth of a community are 
 advanced. If we adopt this general rule in the county of Fond du Lac, and take the condition 
 of its public roads and schoolhouses as a criterion of its advancement in intelligence and wealth, 
 we shall find that it has few rivals in Wisconsin. 
 
 Whatever road the traveler may select in the county, he will not progress far on his journey 
 without having his attention attracted by a district schoolhouse, erected upon a pleasant spot. 
 He will observe that it is neatly finished and ]iainted, and that it is — such is the rule, though 
 there are exceptions — surrounded by shade-trees, and has a nice playground for the children. If 
 he enters this little seminary, he will find the interior judiciously and tastefully arranged, and 
 furnished with blackboards, maps, charts and the most approved apparatus for aiding the pupils 
 
 * H. A. Francis died during his first year in office, and his deputy, John Peacock, ran in November. 1SG5, without opposition, receiving 
 2,025 votes. The court declared him elected lor a term of two years, thus throwing the election of Sherifl' into the odd years. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 499 
 
 in their various studies. The laws of Wisconsin make liberal provisions for the support of its 
 common schools ; and, in this county, they are generally well applied. 
 
 The roads on the prairies are always good in dry weather; but, from the looseness and 
 depth of the soil, they become, in wet weather, muddy, and it is difficult to transport heavy 
 loads over them. In the openings and timber-land, the soil lying more firm and compact, the 
 roads are less liable to become bad. Considering the nature of the soil, Fond du Lac County 
 can boast of as excellent roads as are to be found anywhere in the State. 
 
 POLITICAL PARTIES. 
 
 TJie Democratic Party. — Fond du Lac County, the city of Fond du Lac, and fully half the 
 towns in the county, are Democratic. When the county was first laid out, and even before it was 
 regularly organized for purposes of government, the Territory of Wisconsin,- as well as the 
 United States, was in the hands of the Democrats. Therefore the prominent men who settled 
 within its limits at that time, as well as those who came with Federal appointments, were Demo- 
 crats. This naturally and inevitably made the county Democratic, and the first newspaper, first 
 Postmaster and first Sherift'were Democrats. The first member of Congress, after Wisconsin 
 became a State, Dr. Mason C. Darling, was a Democrat, and the county has always since that 
 time been represented in Congress by a Democrat, except in 1855, 1856, 1857 and 1858, when 
 Charles Billinghurst had a seat in that body. Up to 1856, when the Republican party became 
 active, the Democrats in the local campaigns generally elected their candidates, except in 1847, 
 when the Whigs elected every county officer. Since the birth of the Republican party the local 
 and county offices have been divided between the two parties, though the Democrats have gener- 
 ally been most successful. On State and National ((uestions, the county has never failed to give 
 a Democratic majority, except for Zachary Taylor, Whig, and Lincoln and Grant, Republicans. 
 In 1868, Grant's majority for President was 268 ; but no Republican candidate for President or 
 Governor has received a majority in the county since. The Board of Supervisors, with one or two 
 exceptions, before the death of the Whig party, has always been largely Democratic. The towns 
 are about equally divided, but the cities of Fond du Lac, Ripon and Waupun generally elect a 
 majority of eight or nine Democratic Supervisors. Before the formation of the Republican" 
 party, the Democrats generally elected their candidates for State Senator and their members of 
 Assembly, though the Whigs were successful in two or three campaigns. But during the time 
 when Fonddu Lac County was a part of Brown, or when with Sheboygan, Manitowoc and Brown 
 Counties, or with Brown, Calumet, Manitowoc, Marquette, Portage, Sheboygan and Winnebago 
 Counties, Xt constituted one district, the Democratic party was nearly always successful. 
 
 In 1872, however, the county was divided in such a manner as to become part of the 
 Eighteenth Senatorial District on the east, and constitute the Twentieth District on the west, 
 instead of constituting one complete district, as formerly. Since that time only the towns of 
 Calumet, Taycheedah, Marshfield, Forest, Auburn, Osceola, Eden and Empire, in the Eigh- 
 teenth District, have been represented by Democratic State Senators, while the balance of the 
 county, or the Twentieth District, never fails to elect a Republican Senator. 
 
 Of the 133 members of Assembly elected by Fond du Lac County, 62 have been Demo- 
 crats. These have nearly all been elected by the eastern portion of the county, the western por- 
 tion only occasionally choosing a Democratic Assemblyman. 
 
 Since the election of Hazen R. Hill, of Ripon, for Sheriff in 1875, the Democratic party 
 has been losing ground. The beginning of this decline of party strength was owing in part to 
 the formation of the Greenback party, aided later by the dissensions and dissatisfactions in its own 
 ranks. In 1878, E. S Bragg carried the county for member of Congress by 207, only one- 
 quarter the usual majority at such elections ; but the members of the county ticket were all 
 elected at that time, except James Russell, candidate for Clerk of the Circuit Court. Notwith- 
 standing these partial defeats on local issues, the county is still Democratic, and the public pat- 
 ronage has been secured by the Democratic papers much more than half of the time. Promi- 
 
500 HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 nent among the Democrats of Fond du Lac County" who have been honored with office, are 
 Mason C. Darling, a member of Congress in 1848 and 1849 ; John B. Macy in 1852, 1853, 
 1854 and 1855; Charles A. Eldredge, a member twelve years, from March, 1863, to March, 
 1875, and Edward S. Bragg, two terms, from 1876 to 1881. Samuel W. Beall was Lieutenant 
 Governor from 1850 to 1851, and in earlier and later days many important federal appoint- 
 ments have been given to Democrats. Among those were Maj. J. Thomas, United States 
 Marshal ; S. M. Smead, United States Assessor ; Peter Rupp, member of Board of Directors 
 for Northern Hospital for the Insane ; Augustus D. Bonesteel, United States Indian Agent, and 
 D. R. Curran, Register of the Land Office at Menasha for three years. Alexander W. Stow 
 was elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Maj. J. Thomas was a Delegate to the Bal- 
 timore Convention ; Edward S. Bragg, to the Charleston Convention ; Warren Chase was a 
 member of the first and second Constitutional Conventions, and S. W. Beall, a member of the 
 second. 
 
 There went out of the county, as Democrats, many good officers and privates to the rebel- 
 lion of 1861-65, among the former of which were Edward S. Bragg, a Brigadier General, and 
 the highest in rank of any Fond du Lac soldier of his party ; Gerrit T. Thorn, N. S. Gilson, 
 Thomas H. Green, A. Kettler, S. O'Kane, John Maginnis, S. W. Beall, Edgar Conklin, M. 
 Mangan, Roswell M. Sawyer, who was Adjutant General of Sherman's army, and others. 
 
 The Democratic party has survived all changes and maintained an actual majority from 
 the first organization of the county down to the present time, notwithstanding the State and 
 nation have been under Republican administration during the last two decades (with exception 
 of W. R. Taylor, Governor of the State in 1874-75). Tiie spasmodic breaks made to form Free- 
 Democratic, Union-Democratic, Liberty and other parties, which drew heavily from its ranks, the 
 actual formation of the Greenback party, which cast 1,687 votes in 1878, and the few family dis- 
 sensions, have not destroyed its hope or organization. 
 
 The Whig Party. — The records from which to prepare a history of the Whig party in 
 Fond du Lac are very meager ; and if they were not, its history might briefly be told so far as length 
 of days or party achievements in this county are concerned. But whatever there is should be 
 preserved, for many of the " old line " Whigs were either Abolitionists or firmly set against any 
 further extension or protection of slavery, and therefore composed the mass — with their intimate 
 cotemporaries, the Free Democrats — of the early Republican party. The Fond du Lac County 
 Whigs made very li-ttle stir until 1845 and the early portion of 1846. They were then made 
 up of the common people — had few leaders or political workers, for the reason that all offices of 
 trust and emolument were within the gift only of the Democrats, and there was no encourage- 
 ment for office- seekers and politicians to belong to any but the Democratic party. There was no 
 success possible for the Whigs at first, because those who espoused similar principles were divided 
 into several parties, such as the Libertyites, the Free Democracy and scattering political evan- 
 gelists who, although they opposed the straight Democrats, offered no help to the Whigs. In 
 1846, the Whig, Free Democratic and other parties of congenial political views, united at the 
 polls to a greater or less extent, and at the spring election of 1847 elected every county officer, 
 one or two members of the Assembly — then known as Representatives — and seven out of twelve 
 Supervisors. The popular majority was about fifty, though in the fall the Whigs gave a larger 
 majority for John H. Tweedy, who was elected Whig Territorial Delegate to Congress. In 
 1848, the Whigs divided the local offices with the Democrats, being less successful than in the 
 previous campaign. But Zachary Taylor, the first Whig President, was elected that year, and, 
 in the spring of 1849, removed John A. Eastman, Democrat, and appointed Samuel Ryan, Whig, 
 in his stead as Postmaster of the city of Fond du Lac. Mr. Ryan was the first person to receive 
 a Federal appointment in Fond du Lac County which did not go to a Democrat. The opposition 
 press at that time generally referred to the Whigs as " traitors," and an uproar was inaugurated 
 at once over the appointment of Mr. Ryan, the attacks being directed at both the President and 
 his appointee. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 501 
 
 In 1849, the \Vhigs elected four out of eighteen Supervisors, after which they were not 
 generally successful, though they sometimes succeeded in dividing the town offices with the 
 Democrats, and, in 1852, 0. S. Wright, Whig, was elected County Treasurer over D. R. Cur- 
 ran, Democrat. In 1854, Charles Billinghurst was elected to Congress, and was re-elected a 
 second time. He had been a VVhig, but was not elected wholly by that party. The election of 
 0. S. Wright, in 1852, was the closing chapter in the history of the Whig party in Fond du Lac 
 County. 
 
 The prominent members of the Whig organization were J. M. Gillet, Sam Ryan, Eli 
 Hooker, Gilbert M. Lee, C. M. Tompkins, G. de Neveu, Moses M. Gibson, Oscar Pier, Edgar 
 Conklin, II. C. Giltner, J. A. Truesdell (who was once the Whig candidate for Secretary of 
 State), Henry Conklin, B. F. Moore, George McWilliams, Timothy L. Gillet, 0. S. Wright and 
 others, all of whom were prominent rather as citizens and business men than as politicians. The 
 Whig newspapers were the Whig, by J. M. Gillet ; the Republican, by Sam Ryan, and the 
 Fountain City Herald, by Royal Buck. 
 
 The Republican Party. — It is not a little remarkable that the Republican party has been 
 able to achieve such .successes as the historian finds upon record, when all the facts are taken 
 into consideration. Nearly two decades before the birth of what is now the Republican party, 
 the various offices in Fond du Lac County were held by the Democrats, who had a clear and 
 decisive majority at the polls. This was natural, as when the county was first organized 
 and during several years thereafter, the Territory was in the hands of Democratic appointees, 
 and nearly all new-comers, especially if they had any ambition to attain to public position, 
 would join with the dominant party, which was Democratic. In this natural manner, the county 
 became strongly Democratic, and except when the people voted for the Whigs in 1847, and, 
 later, for Lincoln and Grant, has always remained so on all State and National questions- In 
 an early day, H. C. Giltner cast the only Republican vote in the town of Marshfield, and when 
 the town of Calumet cast more votes than the village and large town of Fond du Lac, there 
 were only from two to five Republican votes returned, and other towns were nearly as destitute 
 of Republicans. Notwithstanding these facts, the Republican party, on whose pages are inscribed 
 the names of Lincoln, Garrison, Sumner and Grant, as well as the Fourteenth and Fifteenth 
 Amendments, was born in the county of Fond du Lac — was christened in this original strong- 
 hold of Democracy. Its record has therefore been a creditable one. It supports six Republican 
 newspapers, and of 13.3 Members of the Assembly chosen since the organization of the State 
 Government, 71 have been Republicans, or in opposition to the Democrats, if elected before 
 there was such a thing in name as the Republican party. Edward Pier was the first Republican 
 State Senator, elected in the fall of 18.55, since which time the county has always chosen Repub- 
 lican Senators, with the exception of E. L. Phillips, in 1859, George W. Mitchell, in 1861, and 
 Edward S. Bragg, in 1867. Thus, while the Republicans have hardly secured half of the 
 offices — though during twenty-four years there were more Republican than Democratic Sheriffs 
 — they have always been well represented in the Legislature. 
 
 The Republicans carried the county for Lincoln and Grant, when they were candidates for 
 President, and carried the city of Fond du Lac and town of Eldorado for W. E. Smith, for 
 Governor, in 1879. Among the more prominent members of the Republican party who were 
 officers in the rebellion were Charles S. Hamilton, a Major General, ranking the highest of any 
 Fond du Lac County soldier ; James T. Conklin, Quartermaster of Sherman's army ; David E. 
 Wood, 0. II. La Grange, Edward Colman, J. H. Hauser, Bertine Pinkney, Alexander White, 
 Hiram S. Town, Kelsey M. Adams, M. Ewen, Colwert K. Pier, George W. Carter, George 
 Perkins and others who held commissions. 
 
 Among those who have held other offices and positions of trust are C. S. Hamilton, appointed 
 United States Marshal, by Grant; Orin Hatch, United States Assessor; 0. H. La Grange, 
 Superintendent of the United States Mint at San Francisco ; Howard M. Kutchin, State's 
 Prison Commissioner and Collector of Internal Revenue for the Third District ; Walter T. 
 Coneys, who was Edwin M. Stanton's Private Secretary ; Henry L. Cordier and George W. 
 
502 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Carter, Wardens of the State's Prison ; David Taylor, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 
 of Wisconsin ; and Mason Bray man, Governor of the Territory of Idaho (Mr. Bray man lived 
 across the line in Green Lake County, but owned, edited and published a newspaper in Ripon). 
 W. H. Hiner, of Fond du Lac, was a Presidential Elector in 1876. 
 
 The campaigns carried on by the Republicans have always been vigorous and strong, and 
 so effective as to secure some of the offices which, from the popular majority held by the Demo- 
 crats, would naturally be expected to fall to them rather than the Republicans. Their record is 
 therefore one of which they feel proud. 
 
 National G-reenbaek Party. — The first Greenback doctrine ever listened to in Fond du 
 Lac County was in a speech made in Opera Hall in the fall of 187-1, by W. W. Field, then 
 Secretary of the State Agricultural Society. At the Presidential election of 1876, sixty-seven 
 votes were cast in Fond du Lac County for Peter Cooper, Greenback candidate for President. 
 
 The first party organization was formed about the middle of September, 1877. A Senato- 
 rial Convention for the Eighteenth District met in Fond du Lac, with D. Lyons, of Empire, 
 Chairman, and Mr. McKenna, Secretary. Gustav de Neveu was nominated for State Sen- 
 ator. In accepting the nomination, he said : " If elected, I will not place myself on record in 
 the interest of money or railroad or other rings, and will do nothing in the way of begging votes, 
 spending money, or buying cigars or whisky, to secure my election." The next Saturday and 
 Monday, conventions were held for the Third and Second Assembly Districts, nominating James 
 Fitzgerald and W. P. Amadon, candidates. In the afternoon of that Monday, a County Con- 
 vention was held in the Court House. Dr. John Wiley, of Empire, was nominated for Sheriff, 
 and J. V. Ilarter, of New Cassel, for Superintendent of Schools. The latter gentleman declin- 
 ing, the County Committee placed on the ticket the name of Ed McLoughlin, the choice of 
 the Democrats. Mr. McLoughlin and Mr. Fitzgerald were elected. There were 520 Greenback 
 votes cast in the city of Fond du Lao. In 1878, David Giddings received 1,687 votes in Fond 
 du Lac County for Congressman. The canvass was vigorous, speakers being sent to every school 
 district in the county. In the spring of 1878, Orin Hatch was elected Mayor of Fond du Lac 
 by the Greenbackers and Democrats, and John Bell, of Byron, William Wiley, of Empire, and 
 P. Greening, of Lamartine, were chosen Supervisors by the Greenback party. In the fall, the 
 Greenbackers nominated William Wiley for Register of Deeds ; Mr. Zimmerman for Treasurer ; 
 John Bell for County Clerk ; I. R. Sanford for Clerk of the Court ; D. W. C. Priest, District 
 Attorney ; Jacob Haessley for Surveyor and Isaac Orvis for Coroner. Jacob Haessley being 
 on the Democratic ticket also, was elected. In the fall of 1879, H. W. Morris was the Green- 
 back candidate for Sheriff, and Miss Anna Burke for County Superintendent of Schools. But 
 they received only a small share of the votes cast. The Greenback organ, the People s Cham- 
 pion, had suspended, and interest in the party seemed to have been at low ebb. Nearly all the 
 "clubs " had disbanded at the beginning of 1880. 
 
 Among the leaders of the party in Fond du Lac County were Hiram Morris and John 
 Bell, of Byron ; J. J. Kelly and Dr. Eidemiller, of Osceola ; Henry Hayes and Dr. Vander- 
 voort, of Eden ; John W. Hall, of Forest ; William Wolf and Dr. Paule, of Marshfield ; David 
 Giddings, Gustav de Neveu, Dr. Wiley, G. W. Hersey, John Meiklejohn, of Empire; J. 
 Schmitz, of Calumet ; Isaac Orvis and M. Foley, of Oakfield ; William M. Jones, F. F. Zim- 
 merman and W. P. Amadon, of Waupun ; Jerry Griffiths, of Eldorado : F. R. and J. H. Stew- 
 art, of Rosendale ; C. B. Seward and W. M. Lock wood, of Ripon ; Joel N. Mc Schooler, of 
 Ashford ; and of the city, acting as leaders, were John Nichols, A. M. Blair, H. E. Connitt, D. 
 W. C. Priest, J. R. Tallmadge (the song singer), A. Moody, John Burke, 0. P. Bowe, Spencer 
 Palmer, J. M. Wells, J. L. Colman, Orin Hatch, L. F. Stowe, Caleb Miller, James Fitzgerald, 
 Charles Chandler, George Hunter, A. G. Purdy, Henry Scolar, A. Raymond. 
 
 Other Political Parties. — In 1818, the Free Soilers appeared with considerable strength as 
 a political element in Fond du Lac County, giving their support to Martin Van Buren for Pres- 
 ident. Tliey did not do much in the way of securing local offices, generally coalescing with the 
 Democrats if any coalition was made. In 1849, John Bannister, of Fond du Lac, was the Free 
 
History of foxd du lac county. 503 
 
 Soil candidate for Lieutenant Governor, but was badly defeated with the balance of his ticket. 
 The Free Soil party claimed the right of Congress to regulate slavery, and was anti-slavery in its 
 principles. It also demanded the freedom of the soil to actual settlers, there being at that time no 
 preemption or homestead laws, except temporary ones. The party was not successful in Fond 
 du Lac County campaigns, and when the Republican party was formed its members generally be- 
 came Republicans, though there was a Free Soil party organization maintained in name until 
 the rebellion. 
 
 The Free Democracy was the name of an organization composed of those of the Democratic 
 party who opposed slavery. It was never successful as a party, although it maintained an organ, 
 the Western Freeman, by J. A. Smith, and weakened the Democratic party so that "fusion" or 
 compromise candidates were occasionally elected. 
 
 The Prohibitionists have maintained a party organization in Fond du Lac County during 
 several years, but have never succeeded in electing any of their candidates. Their cardinal 
 principles are prohibitory liquor laws, such as will put a stop to the manufacture and sale of all 
 intoxicating liquors. The Ripon JFree Press is their organ, and T. D. Stone, I. N. Woodruff, 
 C F. Hammond and 0. B. Judd the leaders of the party. 
 
 There was also a secret organization — the Know Nothing party — whose motto was, "Put 
 none but Americans on guard." As Fond du Lac County was the home of very many 
 foreigners of nearly all nationalities, the Know Nothings were considered odious by a large class 
 of citizens. Nevertheless, it is said they controlled the offices of the county during two or three 
 campaigns by maneuvering in such a manner as to secure places for a portion of their candidates 
 on each of the two principal tickets. The party deliberations were conducted with great secresy. 
 
 The Liberty Party was organized in the latter part of 1844 in this county. At a conven- 
 tion held at Waupun in 1846, the party platform set forth that its members should vote for no 
 man for public office who was " a slave-holder, apologist for slavery, or who was in political alli- 
 ance with slave-holders, or who would not make the protection of the inalienable rights of man 
 his first duty." The convention was largely attended, the leaders bring Rev. Dana Lamb of 
 Rosendale, M. S. Barnett, Isaac M. Stowe, Alexander Carpenter, J. B. Judd, Rev. D. C. 
 Vaughan, John Hall, C. J. Allen and Warren Morley. The party held conventions, passed 
 resolutions and nominated tickets regularly until 1848, when most of its members joined the 
 Free Soilers, never having achieved a victory at the polls. 
 
 RIPON COLLEGE. 
 
 The first enterprise of a public character in what is now the city of Ripon, was the found- 
 ing of an institution of learning. It was commenced without population, without money and 
 without a charter, in the fall of 1850, by four or five men — not more. It was determined not 
 to wait for a session of the Legislature in order to obtain a charter ; time was precious. A tem- 
 porary organization was effected under a general law, which was never designed for any such 
 thing, but which, it was thought, might be made " to hold water" — and it did — until a charter 
 could be obtained in proper form. A subscription paper was pushed around, when there were 
 not a dozen men, all told, to touch it; when there was little property and less money in the 
 country, and when merchants in this region were actually refusing to receive wheat on 
 accounts, at 25 cents a bushel ! Such was the condition of things when " Brockway Col- 
 lege" afterward " Ripon College," which name it still retains, was established. 
 
 When there was little to be seen upon the high ground surrounding the valley, in which 
 clustered the houses of the little village of Ceresco, except the rolling prairie in all its native 
 breadth and beauty, dotted here and there with groves of oaks and poplars ; when as yet 
 streets and houses were few, and the inhabitants not more than a few score ; the far-seeing 
 citizens began the movement to establish here an institution of learning of a high order. The 
 national census of the year before had set down the total population of the new and rising State, 
 then only three years old, as 305,391, and it was rather to provide facilities for the higher cult- 
 ure of the thousands that were, it was seen, soon to people the fertile lands, than to meet the 
 
504 HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 limited wants of the existing population, that the enterprise was begun. There were then only 
 t\\o colleges in Wisconsin, and they had an attendance of only seventy-five students. The 
 people who had selected this beautiful spot for their homes, worldly wise, and, let us hope, actu- 
 ated by noble motives, resolved to make the place distinguished as a seat of learning and a 
 center of culture for all time to come. 
 
 Contributions of money and land* were made, and during thesummer of 1851, the stone walls 
 of the first college building — no iv East College — were erected. The funds on hand being already 
 exh.iusted, a new effort had to be made, and later in the season, the roof was put on. The 
 money was wholly furnished by the people of llipon, and considering their very limited resources, 
 their contributions were liberal. Some who had no money to give, furnished materials or their 
 own labor. One who assisted in the erection of this building, writes thus of its progress until 
 it was inclosed : 
 
 " The ground for the first building was staked out in a snowstorm by three men, who 
 together were probably not worth $15,000, and no part of that in ready money. Still, the 
 contracts were made ; the walls of the building were pushed up, the timbers — hauled by teams 
 over the worst of roads, from Winneconne — were put in, the roof was lifted on to them, finally 
 the windows came into position, and the most wonderful thing about it was, it was all paid for." 
 At this stage of advancement, the enterprise halted for a time. 
 
 The act of incorporation of "Brockway College," as it was agreed to call the new institu- 
 tion, was approved January 29, 1851. The original incorporators were David P. Mapes, Ezra 
 L. Northrup, Alvin E. Bovay, Warren Chaso, John S. Horner, Jehdiah Bowen, Almon 
 Osborn, Asa Kinney, Edwin Lockwood. Dana F. Shepard, Alexander B. Beardsley, William S. 
 Brockway, Edward L. Runals, William Starr, and the president of the college, ex officio. The 
 design and purpose of the corporation was declared to be " to found, establish and maintain at 
 Ripon, in the county of Fond du Lac, an institution of learning of the highest order, embrac- 
 ing also a department for preparatory instruction." The buildings of the institution were to be 
 located on " Out Lot No. 4, in the village of Ripon," and the annual income from all property 
 belonging to the college was not to exceed $10,000. 
 
 The site of the new institution embraced at this time but a single acre of ground, fronting 
 east upon Ransom street, and lying principally just south of the present site of the Congrega- 
 tional Church. 
 
 The next summer, the Trustees, having exhausted their scanty means on the unfinished 
 building, and seeing the need of enlisting some religious denomination in the enterprise, sent a 
 proposition, by the first minister of the Congregational Church of Ripon, Rev. F. G. Sherrill, 
 to the " Winnebago District Convention of Presbyterian and Congregational ministers and 
 Churches," to adopt the institution. They offered to transfer to the convention all the property 
 of the college for the nominal sum of $400, on condition that the building should be finished, so 
 far as necessary for the purpose, and a school opened in it early in the summer of 1853. 
 
 The churches of this region being then very weak, the convention did not deem it practi- 
 cable to raise the money required, and requested Rev. J. W. Walcott, then the minister of a church 
 at Menasha, and a member of the convention, to buy the property for the convention, pledging 
 itself to take it as soon as it should be able to pay him for it. In accordance with the request 
 of the convention and at the solicitation of the Trustees, Mr. Walcott bought the property on the 
 20th of November, 1852. He enlarged the grounds of the College by the purchase of some 
 adjacent land, chiefly from A. E. Bovay and J. Bowen, until, at one time, the College grounds 
 embraced nearly the whole scjuare upon which the buildings are situated, together with some 
 adjoining land. From Mr. Bovay, he obtained between two and three acres, constituting the 
 
 * The College lot— "Out Lot No. 4, in the Tillage of Ripon " — was conveyed to the Board of Trustees of Brockway College, May 13, 1851, by 
 David P. Jlapea and Ruth Mapes. " It required much labor," writes one who wa.s early idennfied with the institution, "to dispose of the 
 stock of the College, but determined minds taid it should be done, and it was done. I recollect going to one of our best farmera, Almon 
 Osborn, for a subscription to the College, and he put down S25. Proud of so liberal a donation, I went to his next neighlK)r, Julian Rivers, and 
 presenting the subscription paper, said; "Your neighbor, Osborn, has put down S25." Scanning the list a moment, he remarked, "Well, put 
 me down for S3U." He was not to be outdone by his neighbors. He burned lime from his quarry and drew it to the site of the building, in 
 order that the foundation walla of the first edifice might be laid. 
 
FOND DU LAC, 
 
HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 507 
 
 southeast portion of the present campus, and from Mr. Bowen he bought about seven acres, form- 
 ing the southwest portion, and extending westward to the cemetery line. From other owners he 
 purchased that part of the grounds upon which stand Middle College and West College, and the 
 row of lots not now belonging to the College, which bound the present College territory on the 
 north, and front upon State street. 
 
 During the winter, some of the upper rooms of the building were finished, together with 
 the halls. The College was opened for academic studies in the ladies' department June 1, 18.53. 
 The students attending during the first term were : Jane A. Bowen, Sarah E. Brown, Katie 
 Clinton, Margaret Harris, Msfria Harroun, Elida Huntington, Charlotte M. Mapes, Charlotte 
 Masten, Mary J. Pedrick, Josephine E. Russell, Imogene Shepard, Augusta R. Scott, Jane H. 
 Scott, Janette Taylor, Augusta Wentworth and Mary M. West. The school, during this term, 
 was under the superintendence of Miss Martha J. Adams. On the 1st day of September of that 
 year, M. W. Martin opened the male department. The names of the students during this term 
 were: A. A. Atwell, E. D. B.abbitt, Henry L. Barnes, T. W. Caster, John S. Bowen, E. K. 
 Brown, G. D. Hance, A. W. Horner, J. M. Judd, F. Masten, Z. A. Pedrick, L. Strong, L. S. 
 Shepard, Luther Spalding, Moses Swift, R. A. Rew, Cyrus Wakefield, A. C. Wedge, A. G. 
 Wedge and D. J. Wedge. 
 
 In October, 1853, J. W. Walcott arrived and assumed control of both departments as Prin- 
 cipal of the institution. Alvan E. Bovay afterward gave instruction in mathematics. 
 
 The first Trustees were: J. W. Walcott, D. Sabin, A. E. Bovay, A. Osborn, A. B. Beardsley, 
 E. L. Runals, D. P. Mapes, T. B. Bobbins, J. Bowen, W. Brockway, W. Starr, A. P. Mapes 
 and E. L. Northrup. Officers : J. W. Walcott, President ; E. L. Northrup, Treasurer ; A. E. 
 Bovay, Secretary. 
 
 A writer in 1854 speaks thus of "Brockway College:" " Toward the close of the year, in 
 a gentle snowstorm, two men might have been seen staking out the location for the first college 
 building, amidst the half-suppressed jeers of the faithless. 
 
 " The novelty, the boldness and the utility of the enterprise ; the tireless efforts of a few 
 determined spirits ; the unequaled beauty of the location, all united to attract the sympathy and 
 munificence of the surrounding country. The enterprise succeeded beyond the most sanguine 
 expectations of its most earnest friends. 
 
 " On the west side of the village of Ripon is an elevation of about ten acres of land. This 
 eminence is covered with shrubs and underwood, with occasional oaks which thicken westward, 
 and at the distance of twenty-five or thirty rods mingle with the growth of thick forest trees 
 which spread over nearly two hundred acres. The middle of this elevation is nearly circular, 
 about one hundred vards in diameter, smooth and level, and has an altitude of over thirty feet 
 above the surrounding country. Upon this hill, at the exact spot staked out by the two grim 
 determined men in a snowstorm, stands Brockway College [the East College of the present day]. 
 It is a beautiful stone edifice, presenting its four equal fronts to the four cardinal points of the 
 compass. 
 
 " Upon all sides. Green Lake Prairie spreads its rich, rolling surface, like a boundless gar- 
 den ; checkered, striped and dotted with little groves of underwood and oak openings ; while its 
 streams are fringed with forest-trees. The traveler, as he approaches Ripon from any direction, 
 will have, as he crosses the high wave of the prairie, a full view of a front of Brockway College 
 at a distance varying from six to eight miles. If the liveliest imagination could be clothed with 
 creative power and give form, substance and vitality to its most brilliant paintings, it 
 could only mar the beauty which the Almighty Builder has crowned this spot for a public edi- 
 fice — a city of light set on a hill. The College lands include the whole of the ten acres." 
 
 In February, 1855, in accordance with a resolution of the Convention, a new charter was 
 obtained, naming as the new Board of Trustees the following gentlemen, designated by the Con- 
 vention : Ezra L. Northrup, Jehdiah Bowen, Jeremiah W. Walcott, Silas Hawley, Dana 
 Lamb, Bertine Pinkney, Charles H. Camp, Harvey Grant, Sherlock Bristol, and the President 
 
508 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 of the College, ex officio. The new charter increased the limit of income of the College to 
 000, and conferred some other enlarged powers, particularly with regard to establishing a nor- 
 mal course of study and other courses, and with regard to holding lands adjacent to " Out Lot 
 No. 4." 
 
 The Board was organized under the new charter in March, 18.55. A writer in July, 1856, 
 says: " Brockway College has a charter, but only the preparatory male and female depart- 
 ments are in operation. The building now erected is of stone. The school and recitation rooms 
 are finished with butternut, oiled and varnished. The desks are of the same material. The 
 moral influences exerted over students are of a high character. There are two distinct depart- 
 ments in the institution ; young ladies and gentlemen, however, recite together in certain classes. 
 Instruction is given in all the higher English branches, and in such classical studies as are 
 necessary to fit young men and women for college." 
 
 In 1857 (February 21), the College grounds and the building were conveyed to the Board 
 by warranty deed, from Mr. Walcott. During this year, a liberal subscription having been 
 obtained for that purpose, a second building, now Middle College, was erected. Its erection, 
 however, e.xhausted the limited means of the Board and left it deeply in debt ; and the financial 
 disastei's of the country in that year affected its resources very severely. For about five years 
 the institution struggled with great financial difficulties, in consequence of which, at the open- 
 ing of the rebellion, the school was for one year suspended. Many of the students enlisted in 
 
 KIl'ON COI.LEtU:. 
 
 the army, and the College grounds were leased to the Government for a camp, being occupied 
 by the First Regiment of Wisconsin Cavalry.* 
 
 In 1862, the Convention and steadfast friends of the College rallied, and a subscription to 
 pay the debts of the institution was so far successful that the Trustees re-opened the school, and 
 in September of that year, Prof. E. II. Merrell assumed the charge of it. This gentleman was, 
 in 1862, but recently graduated from Oberlin College, and has been longer connected with the 
 College than any other of the corps of instructors. He was assisted by efficient lady teachers. 
 
 The school grew so rapidly, and its prospects seemed so favorable, that in April, 1863, the 
 Trustees began the organization of a permanent faculty for regular college instruction. Kev. 
 William E. Merriman, of Green Bay, a graduate of Williams College, was elected President, 
 and E. H. Merrell was elected Professor of Languages. At the annual meeting of the Board 
 in July following, the President entered upon his duties, and the policy of the College was 
 defined. At the opening of the term in September of that year, the first college class was 
 formed. Before that time, the institution had only been a high school. It now began its career 
 as a regular college, with a preparatory department attached. During that first college year, 
 the debts of the institution were all paid, the library was begun, and amendments to the charter 
 were obtained, changing the name to Ripon College, and granting some additional privileges. 
 
 * The school was suspended during the first year of the rebellion, and, in 1862, a subscription was made to pay the debts of the insti- 
 tution; the school was re-opened in September. Many of the young men who had studied here previous to 1861, no doubt went into the Union 
 army, but of them, as identified with the College, there is no record. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 509 
 
 In 1866, three years after the permanent organization of the College, the institution had 
 outgrown its accommodations, and the next year the third College building, now West College, 
 larger and better than either of the others, was erected and occupied. 
 
 The title of the College grounds and buildings is perfect, and the property wholly unin- 
 cumbered. It has been built up mainly by the Congregationalists and Presbyterians. A 
 majority of its Trustees have been ministers or members of Congregational Churches, and the 
 Board has the confidence of that denomination. Although the College is under such influ- 
 ences and looks to the churches for support, it is not sectarian. Its privileges are open to all 
 on the same terms. 
 
 It is the aim of the institution to provide for the liberal education of young men and 
 women and to keep its methods of instruction in harmony with the most enlightened views of 
 education. It aims also to furnish a thorough preparation for the pursuit of college courses, 
 and to provide a sound practical education for such as may desire to fit themselves for common- 
 school teaching or for business. Its purpose is also to make the expense of pursuing a course 
 of liberal study as low as is consistent with a high degree of excellence in its results, and thus 
 to keep a liberal education within the reach of young men and women of limited means. It is 
 likewise the earnest purpose to conduct the institution on distinctively Christian principles, and 
 to have it pervaded with a strong and healthy moral and religious influence. While aiming at 
 the best results of intellectual training, its instructors will ever bear in mind that character is 
 more than these, that the development of character is an essential part of the work of an educa- 
 tional institution, and that there is no sound basis of character except in Christian principle. 
 
 The institution is divided into the following : The College, the Preparatory School, the 
 English Academy, and the School of Music. In the College two liberal courses of study — the 
 classical and the scientific — have been arranged, each extending through four years. The 
 course of preparation for the classical course extends through three years ; that for the scien- 
 tific course through two years. The course of study in the English Academy extends through 
 three years ; it is intended to provide the essentials of a good English education. The courses 
 of study in the School of Music extend through two years each. Besides these courses of 
 study, a musical and literary course has been arranged for such students as may desire to pur- 
 sue an extended course in music, and at the same time acquire a liberal culture in other direc- 
 tions. It comprises a preparatory course of three years, and a college course of four vears. 
 These courses of study are open to students of both sexes. Ladies reside with the lady teachers, 
 in a separate building ; but students of both sexes are instructed in the same classes, enjoy the 
 same privileges, and may take the same degrees. 
 
 The College grounds include nearly twelve acres, centrally situated, on high ground with a 
 rolling surface relieved at intervals' by native oaks and other shrubbery. The grounds, and 
 particularly the buildings, are visible at great distances in all directions. There are three College 
 buildings, all of stone. East College is fifty feet square and three stories high, with a cupola. 
 It contains four recitation-rooms, the cabinet, the reading-room, an apparatus-room and several 
 rooms for students. Middle College is one hundred by forty-four feet, three stories high, besides 
 the basement and the attic, which are finished throughout. This is the ladies' building ; it 
 contains, in the basement, the college boarding hall; on the main floor, teachers' rooms, parlors 
 and office ; in the upper stories, apartments for young ladies, hall of their literary society, and 
 their gymnasium. West College is eighty by fifty feet, and four stories high. It contains the 
 chapel, the library, the general office, recitation-rooms, the hall of the young men's societies, the 
 gymnasium and rooms for young men. The buildings afibrd rooms sufficient for the instruction 
 of 450 students, of whom about 200, with several teachers, may reside in the buildings. These 
 structures are plain and unpretentious, having been erected at the least possible cost consistent 
 with sound construction ; but they are serviceable and comfortable. 
 
 In 1868, the College, through its President, made application to the Directors of the 
 " Society for the Promotion of Collegiate and Theological Education in the VVest," to adopt 
 Ripon College as one of its beneficiaries, and to assist it with funds from the East, so far as may 
 
510 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 be necessary for its eijuipment and endowment. The application was granted, and a large part 
 of the present endowment fund has been obtained at the East through the personal solicitation 
 of President Merriraan. 
 
 The property and resources of the College are estimated as follows : 
 
 Number of acres of land owned by the institution 440 
 
 Estimated cash value of land owned by the institution I 4,440 00 
 
 Estimated cash value of buildings owned by the institution Go, 000 00 
 
 Amount of endowments and funds except real estate 160,000 00 
 
 Since the organization of the institution as a College, in 1863, it has been operated mainly 
 upon its own earnings. Up to 1868, the teachers received nothing but the income from tuition. 
 The College has never had a paid agent, and every dollar contributed to it has been used in 
 building up the institution without diminution for raising money or for current e.icpenses. It is the 
 purpose of the College to pursue the same severely eoouomical policy; that is, to spend nothing 
 given to it in operating it, but to use every donation in augmenting its permanent means of 
 instruction. 
 
 The College library contains more than 4,000 volume?. The cabinet has been increased 
 in size, and furnished with new cases for specimens ; about -4,000 specimens have been received 
 during the year 1878, and the present facilities for storage and exhibition are good. Cases have 
 also been provided for the botanical specimens, so that there is now a good herbarium. 
 
 The new building — the Laboratory — recently erected, furnishes better facilities than ever 
 before for the Chemical and Astronomical Departments. It contains a chemical laboratory, a 
 chemical lecture-room, an apparatus-room, and a room designed to accommodate the fine 
 transit telescope and chronograph that have recently come into the possession of the institu- 
 tion. A fine astronomical clock has recently been added, and a considerable amount of apparatus 
 from Germany, together with a supply of chemicals. 
 
 There are three literary societies : One for gentlemen of the Preparatory School and 
 English Academy ; another for gentlemen of the College, and a third for ladies. The societies 
 have well-furnished halls, and afford their members valuable means of voluntary improvement. 
 
 Mrs. John W. James, of Boston, gave $1,000 for the encouragement of English composi- 
 tion in the College, the interest of which is annually distributed in prizes, for the purpose 
 intended by the donor. Mrs. James has recently added $500 to the previous benefaction. The 
 late llufus Dodge, of Beaver Dam, Wis., left the College a legacy of $5,000, as a permanent 
 fund to aid young ladies of limited means in getting their education. The interest of this fund 
 is distributed annually among such students as the testator provided for. 
 
 All the departments of instruction are now well organized and filled with competent 
 instructors. During the year 1878, besides the improvement made to the buildings, valuable 
 additions have been made to the library and cabinet. The endowment subscription is paid in 
 and well invested. 
 
 The department of music aims to provide thorough instruction in playing the piano-forte, 
 in solo and chorus singing, and in musical theory, including harmony, counterpoint, and the 
 elements of form and composition. Its instructors seek to lay such a sure foundation in technics as 
 shall insure the progress of the pupils, and make it possible to introduce them to the works of 
 the best composers. The true appreciation and interpretation of real works of art are steadily 
 kept in view. 
 
 Until the organization of a permanent College Faculty, begun in 1863, the following were 
 the instructors in the various branches taught in the institution : J. W. Walcott, A. E. Bovay, 
 M. W. Martin, Miss Martha J. Adtims, Miss Elizabeth P. Smith, Mr. G. B. Cooley, Mrs. Mary 
 Chapin, Miss Martha J. Leonard, Miss Orphia J. Leonard, Mr. J. G. Evans, Ira Bushnell, Miss 
 M. J. Childs, M. H. Stemple, C. C. Bailey. 
 
 The names of those who have been members of the Faculty since the organization of the 
 College, in 1863, are: Rev. William E. Merriman, A. M., President, and Professor of Mental and 
 Moral Science; Edward H. Mer^ell, A. M., Professor of Greek ; Rev. William H. Ward, A. M., 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 511 
 
 Professor of Latin, Natural Sciences and Physical Training ; Mrs. C. T. Tracy, Superintendent 
 of the Ladies' Department, and Instructor in Mathematics and Botany ; Miss Julia R. Hosford, 
 Instructor in Latin and French ; Mrs. Frances E. Woodrow, Instructor in Rhetoric, Physiology 
 and Higher English Studies ; Rev. M. Montague, A. M., Professor of Rhetoric ; Daniel Merriman, 
 Professor of Natural Sciences; Rev. Oliver Sloan, A. M., Professor of Mathematics; Mrs. L. 
 M. Beach, Instructor in French and German; Theodore Wilder, A. B., Professor of Mathe- 
 matics ; Justus N. Brown, A. B., Professor of Latin ; Miss Frances E. Durand, Instructor in 
 Higher English Studies ; Miss Luthera H. Adams, Instructor in Mathematics ; William M. 
 Bristoll, A. M., Professor of Latin ; Joseph M. Geery, A. B., Professor of Rhetoric and English 
 Literature ; John C. Fillmore, Professor of Music ; Lyman B. Sperry, M. D., Professor of 
 Chemistry and Natural Science ; Miss Martha E. French, Instructor in Higher English Studies; 
 Mrs. Frances E. Wilder, Instructor in French ; Erastus C. Beach, A. M., Professor of Mathe- 
 matics and Astronomy ; Carlos A. Kenaston, A. M., Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy ; 
 Miss Kate A. Bushnell, Principal of the Ladies' Department ; Rev. John P. Haire, A. M., Profes- 
 sor of the Latin Language and Literature ; William G. Ballantine, A. M., Professor of Chemistry 
 and Natural Science; Mrs. Minerva B. Norton, Principal of the Ladies' Department; Cyrus 
 G. Baldwin, A. B., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature ; George C. Duffie, A. M., 
 Instructor in English Studies ; Henry B. Miter, A. B., Instructor in Latin ; Rev. James A. 
 Towle, A. B., Professor of the Greek Language and Literature; Herbert G. Denison, A. M., 
 Principal of the Preparatory School and Instructor in Greek ; Alvah H. Sabin, S. B., Professor 
 of Chemistry and Natural Science ; Lyman F. Brown, Professor of Music ; Miss Sarah A. 
 Barnes, Preceptress ; Dwight F. Stillman, Professor of Music ; Mrs. Lucretia H. Kendall, 
 Preceptress; Miss Laura W. Ladd, Instructor in Latin. 
 The present Board of Trustees and Faculty are as follows : 
 
 Trustees — Rev. Edward H. Merrell, ex officio; C. M. Blackman, Esq., Whitewater; 
 Rev. F. B. Doe, Ripon; Rev. Joseph F. Dudley, Eau Claire; Rev. E. Y. Garrette, La Crosse; 
 Allen P. Harwood, Esq., Ripon — Term expires with the collegiate year, in June, 1880. Hon. 
 William C. Allen, Racine; F. S. Eldred, Esq., Janesville; Storrs Hall, M. D., Rosendale; 
 Rev. Arthur Little, Chicago, 111. — Term expires with thecoUegiate year, in June, 1881. Jehdeiah 
 Bowen, Esq., Ripon; Hon. Llewellyn Breese, Portage City; W. C. Hamilton, Esq., Fond du 
 Lac; Hon. E. D. Holton, Milwaukee; Hon. Willard Merrill, Milwaukee — Term expires with the 
 collegiate year, in June, 1882. 
 
 Faculty — Rev. Edward H. Merrell, A. M., President, and Professor of Mental and 
 Moral Philosophy ; Joseph M. Geery, A. M., Professor of English Literature, Rhetoric and 
 Political Philosophy; Carlos A. Kenaston, A. M., Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy; 
 Cyrus G. Baldwin, A. M., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature; George C. Duffie, 
 
 A. M., Principal of the English Academy; Rev. James A. Towle, A. B., Professor of the 
 Greek Language and Literature; Herbert G. Denison, A. M., Principal of the Preparatory 
 School and Instructor in Greek; Alvah H. Sabin, M. S., Professor of Chemistry and Natural 
 Science; Dwight F. Stillman, Professor of Music; Henry B. Miter, A. M., Instructor in 
 Latin ; Mrs. Clarissa T. Tracy, Instructor in Algebra and Botany ; Irene I. Wilcox, Instructor 
 in Painting and Drawing ; Mrs. Lucretia H. Kendall, Preceptress ; Prof. Joseph M. Geery, 
 Librarian; Prof Carlos A. Kenaston, Secretary of the Faculty and Registrar of the College; 
 Prin. George C. Duffie, Assistant Treasurer. 
 
 The Alumni of the College are as follows : Class of 18G7^Luthera H. Adams, B. A., 
 Harriet H. Brown, B. S., Mary F. Spencer (Thayer), B. S., Susan A. W. Saulsbury*, B. S. 
 Class of 1868— A. Jerome Chittenden, B. A., Emily S. Cook, B. A., George C. Duffie, B. A., 
 Lyman B. Everdell, B. A., Myron W. Pinkerton, B. A., J. Horace Tracy, B. A. Class of 
 1869— Caroline D. Chittenden (Turner), B. S., Isabella S. Cragin, B. S., George M. Steele, 
 
 B. S. Class of 1870— Daniel de Loss Bathrick, B. S., Josiah B. Blakley, B. A., Eunice E. 
 Durand (Lyman), B. S., William Sylvester Holt, B. A., Ella E. Mapes, B. S., Rosa E. Olds 
 
 * Deceased. 
 
512 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 (Bristol), B. S., Annali M. Smith, B. S. Class of 1871 — James A. Blanchard, B. A., James 
 H. Bradish, B. A., Joseph G. Davis, B. S., John T. Evans, B. A., Moritz E. Eversz, B. A., 
 Sarah E. Powers (Bradish), A. A., Albert F. Rust, B. A., Charles H. Yeomans, B. A. Class 
 of 1872— John W. Allen, Jr., B. A., James M. Brush, B. A., Frank I. Fisher, B. A., Sarah 
 E. Scribner, B. S., Martha A. Shepard, B. S., Margaret B. Shoemaker, B. S., Harmon M. 
 Wilcox, B. S. Class of 1873— Henry S. Akin, B. A., Horatio A. Brooks, B. S.,* Sarah F. 
 Combs, B. S., Rowland S. Cross, B. A., Ida Elwell (Tilson), B. S., William Foulkes, B. A., 
 Oscar E. Hanson, B. S., Marietta Hunter, B. S., Harriet A. Johnson (Foulkes), B. S., Henry 
 B. Miter, B. A., Charles M. Pond, B. S., Jesse F. Taintor, B. A., Frederick W. Rogers, B. S. 
 Class of 1874— Emma W. Blair, B. S.. Isabella V. Campbell (Blakely), B. S., Ezra P. Chit- 
 tenden, B. A., Edward Evans, B. A., William F. Hillman, B. A., Almira I. Hobert, B. S., 
 Benjamin F. Thomas, B. S. Class of 187.5 — Carroll Atwood, B. S., Rosina E. Batson, B. A. 
 John W. Hargrave, B. A., Mary E. Harris, B. S., Silas H. Hillman, B. S., Kossouth K. 
 Kennan, B. A., Mary A. McAssey (Pinch), B. A., Albert J. Miller, B. A.. John W. Pinch, 
 B. A., Pearse Pinch, B. A., Adelaide A. Sargent, B. S., Jeannie C. Sherwood, B. S., Lyman 
 H. Warner, B. A. Class of 1876 — John G. Ingalls, B. S., Louis K. Strong, B. S., John 
 W. Savage, B. S. Class of 1877— Joseph H. Bottum, B. S., Ada Clark, B. A., David 
 Davies, B. A., David E. Evans, B. A., Charles W. Headley, B. A., Susan A. Jeffris, B. S., 
 Williams M. Lewis, B. A., Perry Niskern, B. A., Alonzo R. Northup, B. A. Class of 
 1878 — Irenaeus J. Atwood, B. A., Frederick A. Dawes, B. A., Sarah J. Sherman, B. S.,Ella 
 M. Slater, B. S., Abbie A. Strong, B. A., Frank N. White, B. A., Emma M. Williams, B. A. 
 Class of 1879— Thomas Armstrong, Jr., B. S., Wells W. Cook, B. S.. Williard A. Hodge, B. 
 A., Mary E. Hodge, B. S., Orville W. Mosher, B. A., Robert T. Roberts, B. S. 
 
 * Deceased. 
 Note. — The College has thus far conferred no honorary degrees. 
 
CHAPTER YII. 
 
 A Divorce Refused— Origin of the Republican Party— Old Settlers' Club of Fond du 
 Lac County— Common Schools— Literature and the Pine Arts— Fond du Lac County's 
 War Record — A Retrospect. 
 
 a divorce refused. 
 
 Soon after the erection of Green Lake into a separate but small county, the people of 
 Ripon began to agitate the matter of dividing Fond du Lac County and joining the western 
 tier of towns on to Green Lake County, making Ripon the county seat. The matter has been 
 agitated in various ways several times since, but only once has it been submitted to popular 
 vote. The test has been made in the County Board whenever the question of a new Court 
 House or the erection of other county buildings has been raised. The people of Ripon always 
 favored a division for the reason that it would benefit their city to have the county seat located 
 within its limits, and the people of Fond du Lac always opposed the division for the reason that 
 the smaller the territory in any county the higher will be the taxes necessary to maintain a 
 county government. Finally, in 1859, the Legislature passed the following bill, at the instance 
 and through the exertions of Alvan E. Bovay, then member of the Assembly from Ripon : 
 
 An Act to annex a part of the County of Fond du Lac to the County of Green Lake. 
 The People of the State of Wisconsin represented in Senate and Assembly do enact as folio ic s : 
 
 Section 1. Township number 16 north, of Range number 14 east, embracing the territory of the town and 
 city of Ripon, is hereby detached and set off from the county of Fond du Lac and attached and annexed to the 
 county of Green Lake. 
 
 Sec. 2. This act is hereby submitted to a vote of the people of Fond du Lac County in the manner ToUowing : 
 That is to say, on the Tuesday next succeeding the first Monday in November next, an election shall be held in the 
 several towns and wards in said county, at which election any qualified elector of said county may vote " for detach- 
 ing Ripon," or "against detaching Ripon," on a separate ballot written or printed, to be deposited in a box used 
 only for such ballots ; such election shall be held in the several towns and wards during the same hours of the day 
 as the election which is held for other purposes on that day, and the votes of the towns and wards severally, and of 
 the whole county, shall be canvassed in the same manner as the votes for State Senator are canvassed in Fond du 
 Lac County, and said canvass, when so made, shall be recorded by the Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of said 
 county in his office, and a certified copy of the same shall be forthwith forwarded by said Clerk to the Secretary of 
 State, to be filed in his office. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Sheriff of Fond du Lac County is hereby authorized and required to give notice of the election 
 mentioned in the preceding section, by publishing a notice of the same for at least three weeks previous to said elec- 
 tion, in at least two weekly newspapers of said county. 
 
 Sec. 4. If a majority of all the votes cast at such election in said county on this subject shall be " for detach- 
 ing Ripon," then this act shall be in full force and effect from and after the 1st day of December, 18.59. 
 
 Sec. 5. This act is hereby declared to be a public act, and it shall take effect and be in force from and after 
 its passage. 
 
 Approved March 11, 18.59. 
 
 This bill was no sooner approved than the work of securing its adoption by popular vote 
 was begun. The vigor of the campaign was astonishing. The Western Times, published at 
 Ripon, declared the division should take place for the following reasons : 
 
 " Our commercial relations have all been severed from Fond du Lac by the erection of the 
 Milwaukee & Horicon Railroad. We are obliged to travel fifty miles by rail or twenty-four by 
 wagon, requiring two days, to transact the smallest item of county business. 
 
 " Owing to the great dissimilarity of soil in the eastern and western towns, it has been, 
 and will continue to be, a very difBcult matter to equalize the assessments of the two localities 
 satisfactorily. 
 
 " We are, to all intents and purposes, a foreign people to Fond du Lac. 
 
 " We are the commercial center of Green Lake County, most of the shipments of grain by 
 the farmers of that county being made at Ripon. 
 
514 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 "We regret exceedingly the bitter warfare that must inevitably follow from the refusal of 
 the citizens of Fond du Lac to consent to a peaceful separation. Having exhausted every 
 other means to obtain a peaceable separation, we are now fully resolved to fight for it, and, if we 
 do not conquer in peace, we shall be much mistaken in the result." 
 
 The scheme was defeated, although by no decided majority. The people of the western tier 
 of towns, especially Ripon, exhibiting a most extraordinary capacity for voting. The whole 
 number cast November 8, 1859, was 5,315, of which 2,604 were " for detaching Ripon," and 
 2,711 against the proposed separation. The year 1859 was jocularly referred to afterward as 
 the one in which '' Ripon granted universal suffrage." 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 
 
 The Republican party of the United States originated, both as to organization and name 
 in the town of Ripon, in this county. " One of the earliest, if not the earliest, of the move- 
 ments," says Henry Wilson, " that contemplated definite action and the formation of a new party, 
 was made in Ripon, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in the early months of 1854. In consequence 
 of a very thorough canvass, conference and general comparison of views, inaugurated by A. E. 
 Bovay [Alvan E. Bovay]. a prominent member of the Whig party, among the Whigs, Free- 
 Soilers and Democrats of that township, a call was issued * * * f^^ 3^ public meeting to 
 consider the grave issues which were assuming an aspect of such alarming importance. The 
 meeting was held on the last [day] of February, in the Congregational Church. It was largely 
 attended by persons of both sexes from the town and surrounding country. It was a meeting 
 solely for the discussion of principles and comparison of views. * * * 'pijg burden and 
 drift, of the speeches were the hopeless subserviency of the national parties to the behests of the 
 slaveholders, the necessity of abandoning them, and the proposed policy of constructing a party 
 from the materials thus set at liberty, with such as could be persuaded to leave the Democratic 
 party for a similar purpose. A resolution was adopted that, if the Nebraska bill, then pending, 
 should pass, they would 'throw old party organizations to the winds, and organize a new party 
 on the sole issue of the non-extension of slavery.' " 
 
 " A second meeting was held," continues Mr. Wilson, "on the 20th of March, for the pur- 
 pose of organization and for the adoption of such preliminary measures as the inauguration of 
 the new party required. By formal vote, the town committees of the Whig and Free-Soil 
 parties were dissolved, and a committee of five, consisting of three Whigs, one Free-Soiler and 
 one Democrat, was chosen. 'The work done on that evening,' says Mr. Bovay, 'was fully 
 accepted by the Whig and Free-Soil parties of all this section immediately, and very soon— that 
 is to say, in a few months — by these parties throughout the entire State.' A State Convention 
 was held in July, by which the organization of the party was perfected for the State, a'majority 
 of the delegation was secured for the next Congress ; and a Free-Soiler, Charles Durkee, was 
 elected to the Senate of the United States. At the meeting of the 20tli of March, Mr. Bovay, 
 though stating his belief that the party should and probably would take the name of • Republi- 
 can,' advised against such a christening at that time, and by that small local body of men. He, 
 however, wrote to the editor of the New York Tribune, sussestins the name, giving his reasons 
 therefor, and requesting him, if his views corresponded with his own, to call the attention of 
 his readers to it in the columns of his paper. Thus early did the men of that frontier town 
 inaugurate a movement which was destine<l to sweep and control the nation, and which did 
 sweep the country, and change entirely the policy of the government."* 
 
 Careful investigations in the city of Ripon more than confirm the opinion of the late Vice 
 President of the United States — Mr. Wilson. Facts have been sought from original sources — 
 from living witnesses — from documentary evidence — all bearing upon this interesting and impor- 
 tant movement, and all prove beyond question that Alvan E. Bovay first suggested the form- 
 ation and name of the political party of the United States known as the Republican party ; that 
 
 * Uise and Fall of the Slave Powerin America, by Henry Wilson, Vol. H, pp. 409, 41U. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 51& 
 
 several of his neighbors whose names are hereafter given powerfully aided him in its first organ- 
 ization in Ripon — cordially co-operating with him in the inauguration of the new party. 
 
 Says Maj. Bovay : 
 
 " I had been a Whig, but the Whig party was then dead. Its defunct condition was not 
 generally realized, but it was dead nevertheless. It had been routed horse, foot and artillery in 
 the fall of 1852. That battle was its Waterloo. No party could outlive such a terrible slaughter 
 of its innocents as that was. 
 
 " True, up to the spring of 1854, it still held on to its organization. But it was a mere 
 shell ; a skeleton army, nothing more. 
 
 " The leaders could not marshal their troops ; could not anywhere bring their forces into 
 line ; in short, the party was dead, though not dissolved. Moreover, the country no longer took 
 any interest in the old Whig issues. The slavery question dominated everything else. Nobody 
 talked or thought any longer about protection to American industry. It was slavery in the 
 States, slavery in the Territories, the Fugitive Slave Law, and the refrain was ever slavery, 
 and nothing else. There was one great, overshadowing, pro-slavery party — the Democratic ; 
 there must also be one great anti-slavery party to antagonize it. The logic of history demanded 
 it. Such a party had become inevitable. The Whig party was not this party, and could not 
 be. It had outstayed its time and its usefulness; it was an anachronism. It had become an 
 obstruction, an impediment, a nuisance. But how to get the organization out of the way — that 
 was a rather formidable question. It stood there a great, useless, lifeless thing, awaiting some 
 possible political earthquake, which would be violent enough to shake it to pieces. And the 
 earthquake came. 
 
 " The triumph of slavery had been so complete in the slaughter of 1852, that its cohorts 
 thought themselves strong enough to do anything, so they laid their hands on the oldest and 
 most sacred of the compromises. The shock was tremendous. Instantly the whole North was 
 in a flame of indignation and rage. The hour had struck. This was the tempest that was to 
 sweep from our sight not only the Whig organization, but also all those little fragments of parties. 
 Free Soil -and the like — that had grown out of the slavery agitation in years that were past. 
 The time had come for all libei'ty-loving Whigs to dismantle their house. As for me, I did not 
 propose to wait for the passage of the Nebraska Bill. It was fore-ordained to pass ; then why 
 wait? I felt "in my bones," as old Candace said, that the righteous rage of the time ought to 
 be turned to some permanent account, and not permitted to effervesce in useless foam. I set to 
 work in the most systematic way that I could contrive, to dissolve the Whig party, and to organ- 
 ize the Republican party right here, fully convinced that others would do the like elsewhere, 
 and, that in a few months we should have a great, irresistible Northern party, organized on the 
 single issue of the ' non-extension of slavery.' 
 
 " This is the point at which the late Vice President takes notice of our movement. His 
 history is very brief, but substantially correct. Jehdiah Bowen was my chief helper ; a mer- 
 chant of high standing, a man of intelligence, position and influence, his assistance was of the 
 utmost importance. One part of the work was specially difficult. All the people, except the 
 most hardened Democrats, responded to my appeals with the utmost avidity, up to a certain 
 limit. They said, ' Oh, yes, oh, yes; we are with you in denouncing this thing. It is a great 
 outrage ; it is a swindle ; we will protest ; we will resolve ; we will sign all the remonstrances 
 you can think of.' 
 
 " But — and just here came the pinch — a good many of the old Whigs begged hard for the 
 Whig party. ' Spare the party; spare the party. Let all the outside elements come to us ; our 
 party is good enough ; we will fight the Democracy on this ground; we will triumph.' The 
 good souls; they had to be told squarely that the ' Whig party must go ;' that the very heart 
 and core of our movement was that to which they could not agree. To let the Whig party stay 
 was to insure permanent power to the Democratic party. To retreat from the formation of the 
 new party was to surrender to the slave power. They came to the meetings, and were respect- 
 fully heard, but the large majority had made up their minds. The hour was late, the candles 
 
516 HISTOKY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 burned low ; it was a cold, windy night at the vernal equinox. In the end, all but two or three 
 gave in, and we formed our organization. 
 
 " I remember every word and act, as if the time was but yesterday. The election of that 
 first Republican Committee — A. E. Bovay, Jehdiah Bowen, Amos Loper, Jacob Woodruff and 
 Abraham Thomas — was a solemn act. Every man present fully believed that he was helping to 
 make a permanent piece of history. And he ivas. Yes ; that point ought to be clearly under- 
 stood. This was no blind, unconscious movement, of which the human family make so many. 
 We did not build better than we knew, as some have supposed ; we built precisely as we knew ; 
 and there stands the edifice. Look at it. It will bear e-xamination. It was no fragmentary 
 movement. It contemplated the combination of all shades of anti-slavery sentiment in the 
 country in one grand organization to resist the encroachments of slavery, under the name 
 Republican. 
 
 " The name was as well settled in my mind as the organization, and I took what seemed to 
 me the most effectual course to secure its general adoption. Republican ; the common weal ; 
 an old and cherished name in our own political history, and the name which is owned, as 
 theirs, by all liberal men and liberal organizations throughout the world. The adoption of this 
 name was as much inevitable as was the nomination of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. In both of 
 these cases, a wise choice meant success, and an unwise one meant defeat ' no more, no less. 
 That I was advocating this name for the great party which I saw looming in the near future 
 above the horizon, as far back as the autumn of 1852, there is abundant evidence. 
 
 " Were Horace Greeley living, I could readily convince any one that I was contemplating 
 this identical state of things in the political world, name, organization and all, as early even as 
 May, 1852; but, as Mr. Greeley's testimony is not now attainable, and as I have but one living 
 witness to this latter fact (which witness I do not choose to call), I must rest upon the autumn 
 of 1852. 
 
 "And, perhaps, the autumn will do as well as the spring. That gives Ripon a precedence 
 of nearly two years (or, to be exact, nineteen months) in the matter of the name; for it was not 
 until June, 1854, tliat the name, ' Republican,' was adopted formally, and that was by the State 
 Convention of Michigan." 
 
 " I take pleasure in referring to one of our oldest and most prominent citizens. Judge E. L. 
 Runals, who took no part in the movement, but was cognizant of it all. This is his testimony: 
 
 'Ripon, December 16, 1879. 
 
 'Dear Sir: I remember well a conversation I had with you in the fall of 1852, not more than two or three 
 weeks, I should think, after the election of Franklin Pierce to the Presidency, in relation to the political affairs of the 
 country. You, in substance, said that the Whig party, to which you belonged, could not survive such an overwhelm- 
 ing defeat as it had just suffered ; that it could never rally again ; that it would have to abandon its organization and 
 its name; that the country had ceased to care for the old Whig issues ; that slavery had become the all-absorbing 
 question ; that on some phase of this question a new party would probably soon be formed at the North, which 
 would combine Whigs, Free-Soilers, .and all the outside elements against the Democracy, which was the great pillar 
 and support of slavery ; that the selection of a name would be an object of the tirst importance to this new party : 
 and that, in your opinion, it should be called the 'Republican' party. You also gave your reasons at considerable 
 length for so thinking. 
 
 ' You said that as this was the name by which the party of Jefferson had been called from its foundation up to 
 Jackson's time, it would possess a charm, by reason of tdese old associations, for all Americans, and that it would be 
 attractive to men of foreign birth by reason of its general use amongst the liberals of Europe — and much more to the 
 same effect. Having known you in politics as a Whig. I w.as rather surprised at these predictions as coming from you, 
 and it is probably owing to this fact that they made so tirm an impression on my mind. 
 
 ' Yours very truly, 
 ' To Ma.i. a. E. Bovay, Ripon, Wis. • E. L. Runals.' 
 
 On the 25th day of January, 1854, Jehdiah Bowen, then (as now) a citizen of Ripon — a 
 Democrat with Free-Soil proclivities — caused to be published in the Ripon Hei-ald, a Demo- 
 cratic paper, the following communication : 
 
 "Mr. Editor: — Nothing indicates more clearly the truth of these words of Jefferson's — 
 ' Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty' — than the course pursued in Congress by the com- 
 mittee to which was referred the call from Nebraska for a Territorial Government. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND J)V LAC COUNTY. 517 
 
 " It is well known that the Territory is intended to be bounded on the south, at farthest, 
 by the old Missouri Compromise line of 36° and 30' north latitude. It is a portion of that 
 vast territory ceded to the United States by its treaty with France, by which the present State 
 of Louisiana was secured to us. It is a portion of that territory which, by the Act known as 
 the Missouri Compromise, was to be forever free from the introduction of slavery or involuntary 
 servitude, except in punishment of crimes. 
 
 " Mark, then, the appropriateness of Jefferson's maxim, when we find that Senator Doug- 
 las, as head of the above-mentioned Committee, reported a bill for a Territorial Government, in 
 which is a clause prospectively annulling that clause of the Missouri Compromise act, men- 
 tioned above, relating to slavery in that Territoi'y. Douglas' bill provides that should any por- 
 tion of the Territory, upon application to Congress for admission into the Union as a State, 
 [have permitted involuntary servitude, it] shall not be rejected by reason of the establishment 
 of slavery therein, by virtue of its constitution. 
 
 " One might think from the wailings and threats of the Southern press and politicians, and 
 the echoes by their servile friends at the North, that peace was all that they demand for their pecu- 
 liar institution; but it is not so; not satisfied with the triumph obtained over the North by the 
 passage of the most odious law that encumbers the statute-books of any Christian nation, they 
 now demand that they shall not only enjoy in peace their favorite slavery at liome, and its fur- 
 ther security under the Fugitive Slave Law, but that the whole country shall submit to the 
 extension of slavery into territory, which, by right and solemn compact, has been consecrated to 
 liberty. 
 
 "What do our great men do in view of this demand? Do they not indignantly frown upon 
 such barefaced impudence ? Surely one might expect to learn, that at least the Representatives 
 of States free from the incubus of slavery would protest against so glaring a wrong to our honor 
 and to humanity. But what do we see? One of the highest in our national councils — the 
 chief leader of the ' Young Democracy ' — one who aspires to the chief magistracy of this great 
 nation, bending, cringing, licking the dust at the very feet of this Moloch ! — groveling in the 
 mire before' it, to gather the withered laurels cast away from the nation's brow by reason of this 
 insatiate monster. Is there no shame left, that a man pretending to represent a free State 
 should thus so degrade his constituents and humanity itself? ' Whom the gods would destroy, 
 they first make mad.' It cannot be otherwise than that these men, pandering to the worst sins of a 
 people to obtain an ephemeral fame, are deluded by their own depravity to their own ruin ; God 
 forbid that it be the nation ! Can it be supposed that the cry of — ' Down with agitation 
 and agitators I ' will avail in the face of so gross an ofl'ense as is here offered to a people awaken- 
 ing to the inconsistencies and oppression of slavery ? 
 
 " So long as Senator Douglas, or any other man, shall defend what, by compact and right, 
 pertains to the Slave States, as such, we would not refuse to him his just meed of honor ; but 
 when he stoops so low as to bend the knee to slavery and to discard the approbation of free men, 
 let no lover of his country's honor fail to point the finger of scorn at him, and indignantly blot 
 his name from the list of our country's friends." 
 
 This communication was published over the signature " X," but Mr. Bowen was not at all 
 disposed to deny its paternity, notwithstanding his affiliation with the Democratic party ; he was 
 not averse to being classed among Anti-Nebraska Democrats. The editor of the Ripon Herald 
 in his issue of February 1, in commenting upon Bowen's article, said : " We inserted in our last 
 a communication over the signature of ' X,' upon the subject of Senator Douglas' Nebraska 
 bill, passing severe strictures upon the Senate [Senator] and his bill. We should then have 
 said that we were not prepared to indorse the grounds taken by ' X.' For ourselves, we will 
 say that we measure much of our political creed by the doctrine of State rights." 
 
 What took place after the publication of Mr. Bowen's article is best related in his own 
 words : 
 
 "A few days (perhaps a week) after the appearance of the article containing some 
 strictures upon the course of Senator Douglas, in the Ripon Herald of January 25, 1854, I 
 
518 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 was called upon by A. E. Bovay, who requested an interview, if I could spare the time, to talk 
 over the subject of that article and what ought to be done in furtherance of its purposes. 
 
 "As Mr. Bovay had widely differed with me on some of the political questions that had 
 been under discussion during the three years of our acquaintance, he expressed some surprise 
 and gratification at the publication of the sentiment contained in the article by me, and yet, as 
 I then thought, not without some doubt as to my earnestness. However, he soon became con- 
 vinced on that point. We talked for some time upon the probabilities of the future, in view of 
 the excitement caused by the advocacy by Senator Douglas of the Kansas and Nebraska act, 
 for there seemed to be no adequate power to oppose his measures successfully, the Whig party 
 being as much divided in Congress as the Democrats. We argued that the only hope of defeat- 
 ing the extension of slavery, lay in the outspoken sentiment of the people, irrespective of exist- 
 ing parties. Then came the proposition of Mr. Bovay, to endeavor to crystallize public feeling by 
 calling a meeting to discuss the question of organizing a new party. I hesitated; my faith was 
 not strong that we could effect the object. I represented the sparseness of our population ; we 
 were in a small rural village, remote even from the county seat, and upon no great line of 
 travel; could we make ourselves heard by the public at large? To this, Mr. Bovay replied, 
 that there would be no (juestion about it. The conclusion was that we should try it. Then followed 
 the question of method of proceeding and the name by which to call the party — which Mr. 
 Bovay suggested. Some estimates were attempted to be made as to what would be the relative 
 proportion of the two parties who would give in their adherence to the new party. We agreed 
 in the main, as to the classes of men that we had hopes of. We went to the house of Amos Loper, 
 living some three miles north of the village, laid the matter before him in all its bearings, Mr. 
 Bovay taking the lead in the conversation. Mr. Loper was not long in making up his mind, 
 and we agreed to make a call for a meeting, to be held at the Congregational Church, on the 
 last day of February. 
 
 "I cannot recall the exact language used by either of us. The subject occupied all our 
 thoughts. We looked upon the movement as of considerable importance in a personal point of 
 view, touching our relations with the citizens ; for, to make a move and fail, would probably 
 bring obloquy, and I was not prepared financially to court such a state of things; but, conclud- 
 ing that we were in the line of duty, it was undertaken in a hopeful and cheerful spirit. We were 
 afterward astonished at the progress made, and watched with intense interest the spread of the 
 movement through all the Northern States." 
 
 The "call" spoken of by Mr. Bowen was drawn up and printed in the Ripon Herald on 
 the 29th of February. 
 
 The Moderator of the meeting was William Dunham ; W. N. Martin was Secretary. The 
 burden and drift of the speeches were, as Mr. Wilson truthfully says, "tlie hopeless subserv- 
 iency of the national parties to the behests of the slaveholders, the necessity of abandoning 
 tliera, and the proposed policy of constructing a party from the materials thus set at liberty." 
 The following preamble and resolutions were freely discussed and unanimously adopted : 
 
 Whekeas, The Senate of the United Slates is entertaining, and from present indications is likely to pass, bills 
 organizing governments for 'he Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, in which is embodied a clause repealing the 
 Missouri Compromise act, and so admit into these Territories the slave system with all its evils; and, whereas, we 
 deem that compact irrepenlable as the Constitution itself: Therefore 
 
 Resolved, That of all outrages hitherto perpetrated or attempted upon the North and freedom by the slave- 
 holders and their natural allies, not one compares in bold and impudent audacity, treacliery and meanness with this, 
 the Nebraska bill, as to the sum of all its other villanies it adds the repudiation of a solemn compact held as sacred 
 as the Constitution itself for the period of thirty-four years ; 
 
 Resolved, That the Northern man who can aid and abet in the commission of so stupendous a crime, is none 
 too good to become an accomplice in renewing the African slave trade, the service which, doubtless, will neit be 
 required of him by his Southern m.asters, should the Nebraska treason succeed ; 
 
 Resolved, That the attempt to overthrow the Missouri Compromise, whether successful or not, admonishes the 
 North to adopt the maxim for all time to come, "No more compromise with slavery;" 
 
 Resolved, That the passage of this bill (if pass it should) will be the call to arms of a great Northern parly, 
 such an one as the country has not hitherto seen, composed of Whigs, Democrats and Free-Soilers : every man with 
 a heart in him united under the single banner cry of " Repeal! Repeal! " 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 519 
 
 Resolved, That the small but compact phalanx of true men, who oppose the mail scheme upon the broadest 
 principle of humanity, as well as their unflinching efforts to uphold public faith, deserve not only our applause, but 
 our profound esleem; 
 
 Resoli'ed, That the heroic attitude of Gen. Houston, amidst a host of degenerate men in the United States Sen- 
 ate, is worthy of honor and applause. 
 
 Then and there was born the Republican party of the United States ; the time was the 
 evening of the last day of February, 1854, the place, the frame Congregational Church, which 
 is still standing in the city of Ripon. 
 
 On the 18th of March the following call was printed in the Ripon Herald : 
 
 The Nebraska Bill. — A bill expressly intendeil to extend and strengthen the institution of slavery has passed 
 the Senate by a very large majority, many Northern Senators voting for it, and many more sitting In their scats and 
 not voting at all. It is evidently destined to pass the House and become a law unless its progress is arrested by the 
 gener.al uprising of the North against it. 
 
 Therefore we, the undersigned, believing this community to be nearly or quite unanimous in opposition to the 
 nefarious scheme, would call a public meeting of citizens of all parties to be held at the schoolhouse in Illpon, on 
 Monday evening. March 20, at 6:30 o'clock, to resolve, to petition, and to organize against it. Signed, J. Bowen, 
 A. Loper, T. L. Reynolds, A. E. Bov.iy, and fifty others. 
 
 The fifty-four citizens — Whigs, Democrats and Free-Soilers — who signed the call, under- 
 stood perfectly that, in so doing, they were pledging themselves to join the new party. It will 
 be remembered that Mr. Wilson says of the meeting which followed, that "by formal vote, the 
 town committees of the Whig and Free-Soil parties were dissolved, and a committee of five, 
 consisting of three Whigs, one Free-Soiler and one Democrat, was chosen." A. E. Bovay, J. 
 Bowen, Amos Loper, Abram Thomas and Jacob Woodruff constituted the committee. Then 
 and there the Republican party of the United States was christened, and these men were its 
 godfathers. "The actors in this remote little eddy of politics," afterward wrote Mr. Bovay, 
 "thought at the time that they were making a bit of history by that solitary tallow candle, in 
 the little white schoolhouse on the prairie; and whether ever recognized and published or not, 
 they think so still." 
 
 OLD settlers' club OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 On the evening of the 12th of October, 1874, a meeting was held at the Patty House, in 
 the city of Fond du Lac, temporary oiEcers were appointed, and steps were taken for a perma- 
 nent organization of the Old Settlers' Club of Fond du Lac County. On the 22d of June, 1875, 
 at a meeting called for that purpose — there being present about sixty of the earliest settlers, with 
 many of their ladies — a permanent organization was perfected by the Club, having for its object, 
 as expressed in the preamble to their constitution, to perpetuate the history of the early settlers 
 of the county of Fond du Lac, by collecting and preserving personal reminiscences thereof, and 
 with a view to a renewed acquaintance with their fellow-pioneers. The date of eligibility was 
 fixed at 1850. All who were present and eligible subscribed to the constitution and became 
 members. Their wives were declared by the by-laws to be honorary members. At the same 
 time, steps were taken looking to a social picnic gathering, early in September following. At 
 that meeting there were present three — Edward Beeson, Charles Olmsted and William 
 Stewart — who settled in the county prior to 1840. There were nineteen in attendance who 
 came between 1840 and 1845 : L. F. Stowe, A. C. Whiting, William Galland, Thomas 
 Worthing, Gilbert M. Lee, C. E. Woolridge, Peter V. Sang, David Lyons, Chauncey Griswold. 
 C. P. Phelps, Joseph Stowe, D. D. Trelevan, Charles Clark, G. W. Carter, Elihu Colman, C. 
 N. Kendall, J. Carter, Chas. Olmsted, J. 0. Wedge, J. A. Watrous and Dr. Don A. Raymond. 
 
 On the 1st day of September, 1875, the first social picnic gathering took place at the fair 
 grounds, in the city of Fond du Lac. The affiiir was a grand success, exceeding the expectations 
 of the most sanguine. There were admirable addresses by Gustave de Neveu, Capt. D. P. 
 Mapes, Dr. Elliot Brown, and C. K. Pier. In September, 1876, another picnic took place, 
 but not upon so extensive a scale as the previous one. The result was a variety of styles 
 and dishes, from corn bread and baked beans on tin plates, to the daintiest viands served with 
 all the latest silverware accompaniments, representing the simple habits of 1836, by the 
 side of the aristocratic styles of 1876. The affair, notwithstanding an adjournment on 
 account of the unfavorable condition of the weather, was in all respects satisfactory and enjoyable. 
 
520 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Gustave de Neveu delivered another excellent address, and Edward Pier, while protesting that 
 he would not make a speech, addressed the attentive audience for an hour or more, during which 
 he related the interesting story of his own experiences in this uninhabi,ted country. 
 
 From year to year since the event last described, officers of the Club have been elected. 
 There have also been gatherings with the usual festivities and speeches. The members of the 
 Club, with the years of their arrival in Fond du Lac County, are as follows : 
 
 L. F. Stowe, 1843; A. C. Whiting, 1844; William Galland, 1843; T. S. Henry, 1850 ; 
 E. W. Davis, 1847 ; Thomas Worthing, 1844 ; H. D. Hitt, 1848 ; Egbert Foster, 1846 ; Gil- 
 bert M. Lee, 1844 : A. A. Swan, 1846 ; William C. Woolcott, 1846 ; Peter V. Sang, 1842 ; 
 K. Gillett, 1846 ; M. W. Simmons, 1847 ; Daniel Roberts, 1845 ; N. Coffin, 1848 ; James 
 Cornell, 1848 ; William Walker, 1845 ; John Meiklejohn, 1846 ; William Adams, 1847 ; David 
 Lyon, 1844; A. T. Germond, 1846 ; Edward Beeson, 1836 ;* Chauncey Griswold, 1844; Rob- 
 ert C. Wilson, 1847; C. P. Phelp.s, 1842; A. A. Loper, 1845; D. D. Trelevan, 1843; L. 
 Canfield, 1849 ; Joseph Kinsman, 1848 ; D. C. Vaughn, 1845 ; Charles Clark, 1842 ; Hiram 
 Edgerton, 1846 ; Henry Barnett, 1845 ; W. C. Greene, 1845 ; Warren W. Greene, 1845 ; A 
 H. Miller, 1846 ; Levi M. Tompkins, 1846 ; Elliott Brown, 1846 ; George W. Carter, 1844 
 D. A. Raymond, 1839; Elihu Colraan, 1847 ; C. E. Wooldridge, 1844 (died April 21, 1877) 
 J. W. Valentine, 1846 ; C. N. Kendal], 1843 ; William Stewart, 1828 ;* Jacob Carter, 1844 
 George D. Curtis, 1845 (died in 1878); Charles Olmsted, 1843 ; Daniel Eggleston, 1844 
 Charles Chandler, 1848; J. C. Wedge, 1844; A. C. Everest, 1846 ; E. H. Jones, 1848 
 J. A. Watrous, 1844 ; Joseph Stowe, 1844 (died December 28, 1876) ; L. K. Lewis, 1850 
 
 Thomas Bryant, ; Aaron Walters, 1847 ; James Ewen, 1850; Thomas S. Weeks, 1850 
 
 Joseph Jackson, ; Stephen Oberreich, 1850 ; H. K. Laughlin, 1849 ; Joseph King, 1838 
 
 J. M. Gillett, 1846 (died May, 1879) ; George H. Ferris, ; H. I. Davidson (born in Fond 
 
 du Lac County in 1849 ; died June 5, 1876) ; George C. Hicks, ; James M. Hawkins, 
 
 ; Daniel Clark, 1846 ; Robert Longstaff, ; E. B. Ingram, 1848 ; John Braley, 1849 ; 
 
 A. A. Shepherd, 1844; Hosea Mann, ; Jerome B. Johnson, 1849; C. F. Kalk, 1849; 
 
 George K. Campbell, 1850; J. H. Spencer, 1850; F. F. Parsons, 1842; Charles H. Dille. 
 
 ; Otto Rollman, 1848 ; James Parratt, 1850 ; Henrv Cornell, 1849 ; Justus Warner, ; 
 
 Hugh Hubbard, 1844 ; E. E. Fitch, 1846 ; B. Spence'r, 1846 ; Dana C. Lamb, 1847 ; Levi 
 
 Dyer, ; Henry Westervelt, ; William A. Germond, ; Isadore Hebert, 1838 ; 
 
 George E. Wright, 1848 ; Charles H. Anderson, 1844 ; Warren Anderson, 1845 ; R. L. Mor- 
 ris, 1845 ; David Chamberlain, ; B. T. Miller, 1850 ; Alexander Gillis, 1846 ; Nathan 
 
 I. Lewis, 1847 ; C. L. Pierce, 1846 ; F. Dalhem, ; W. W. Howe, ; William I. Rip- 
 ley, 1844; Louis Russell, 1848 ; Edward Pier, 1838 (died November 2, 1877) ; S. A. Chase, 
 ; C. K. Pier (born in Fond du Lac County, in 1840); E. T. Browe, ; K S. Thomp- 
 son, ; H. W. Wolcott, 1845 ; Gustave "de Neveu, 1838 ; Calvin Hazen, 1844 ; John 
 
 Hazen, 1844; Chester Hazen, 1844; L. E. Hazen, 1844; Sanford Hazen, 1844; Philip F. 
 
 Bodamer, ; George F. Davis, ; B. F. Sweet, ; Peter Mensch, ; Justin 
 
 Hitchcock, 1848 ; Benijah Taylor, 1847 ; John Berry, 1848 ; George Lyons, 1844 ; J. W. 
 
 Barnes, ; 0. L. Helmer, ; James T. Greene, 1845; William H. Hiner, 1850; 
 
 Fayette McKie, ; William M. Phelan, 1850 ; Aaron Worthing, 1843 ; Oscar Berry, 1848 ; 
 
 Edgar Wilcox, ; Samuel Martin, ; Constant Soule, ; William Soules, ; 
 
 T. A. Root, ; C. B. Parratt, 1850 ; S. B. Stiles, 1843 ; L. Q. Olcott, 1847 ; L. A. Bishop, 
 
 1846; Truman M. Fay, ; William A. Cheeney, ; Chauncey M. Balcom, 1845; 
 
 Henry Wheeler, ; John S. Burrows, 1849 ; George S. Denniston, 1848 ; George A. Moon, 
 
 1847 ; Alexander Cronk, 1848 ; W. D. Marshall, ; George Moon, 1845 ; Duane Moon, 
 
 1845; M. J. Alderman, 1847; J. L. Thwing, ■: Clinton Mattison, 1846 (died July 21, 
 
 1876, aged fifty-five years); James S. Thompson, ; Patrick Kelly, 1836;* Warren A. 
 
 Meiklejohn, (born in the county in 1849); Francis D. McCarty, 1838; Edward B. Parsons, 
 ; John F. Steele, 1848 ; John S. Horner, 1836;* Peter Vandervoort, 1846 ; John Nichols, 
 
 * Those who settled in the State prior to or during 1850, were eligible to the Old Settlers' Club, even if they had not resided in Fuud du 
 Lac County until more recently. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 521 
 
 1843 ; Harvey J. Carter, 1847 ; B. F. Moore, 1841 ; Joseph Olmsted, 1838 ; Amasa P. Sim- 
 mons, 1838 ; E. A. Carey, 1845 ; J. C. Lowell, 1847. 
 
 Before his death, which occurred December 28, 1876, Joseph Stowe furnished to the Old 
 Settlers' Club the following brief statement : 
 
 " Of Joseph Stowe and Priscilla, his wife: Joseph Stowe was born at Springfield, Vt., 
 October 7, 1795. My father, Joseph Stowe, Sr., was born at Concord, Mass., in 1750, and 
 was a Revolutionary soldier. I settled in Fond du Lac in 1844. There were four houses here 
 at that time. Thomas Green kept the post office in his desk drawer. I built the largest house 
 in the county, five miles west of the village, where we had preaching every Sunday by Baptist, 
 Congregational and Methodist ministers. At my house, Edward Beeson and others being pres- 
 ent, we organized the first temperance society. Eli Hooker (now of Waupun), Elliott Brown 
 and E. \V. Drury were the first temperance lecturers. The first school teacher in our neigh- 
 borhood was Ezra Crofoot. Selim Newton, a man from Taycheedah, and myself, were the first 
 County Highway Commissioners. We surveyed the highways leading from the west, north 
 and east county lines to the village. I suppose I am the oldest man of the old settlers now 
 living, being thirty-nine days short of 80 years of age. I settled in Fond du Lac with a family 
 of ten children. That family has increased until (August 30, 1875,) they number about seventy- 
 five children and grandchildren now living, and they are scattered from Ohio to California." 
 
 COMMON SCHOOLS. 
 
 Fond du Lac County, although well supplied with high-school, academy and college advan- 
 tages within her own border, has not neglected her common schools. The State made liberal 
 provision for the district schools, setting aside one section of land in every town, in addition to 
 the general income from school lands, and in most instances. Fond du Lac County has taken 
 judicious advantage of these provisions. 
 
 In the summer of 1842, the first schoolhouse ever erected in the county was built by 
 James D'uane Doty, J. L. and B. F. Moore and Henry Conklin, in the village of Taycheedah. 
 A school had been opened in 1840 by Harriet Harding in Edward Pier's residence, and another 
 in a private residence at Taycheedah, a few months afterward ; but as they were supported by 
 private donations, they could not be properly called public schools. In 1879, thirty-seven years 
 after the first schoolhouse was built, Superintendent McLoughlin's report shows that the county 
 contains 124 "regular" school districts; 53 parts of districts and 43 "joint" districts. In 
 these districts, which do not include the city of Fond du Lac, the college at Ripon or any of 
 the numerous private, select and parish schools, 8,492 children of school age, and 62 not of 
 school age, were registered. The whole number of teachers employed was 307, who taught 
 124,524 days, and received as salaries, $37,840. There were in the county in 1879, outside of 
 the city of Fond du Lac, 14,485 children of school age, of whom 10,941 can be accommodated in 
 the various schoolhouses. The whole amount of school money received from all sources was 
 §58,444, of which $37,840 was expended for teachers, fuel, repairs, libraries and all other expenses. 
 
 Good teachers have been employed, considering the small wages paid, as the examinations 
 by the County Superintendents have been made more rigid each year, and teachers' institutes 
 have been held once or more each year for practical training in the art of teaching. 
 
 L^p to 1862, the system of town superintendents of school had been in vogue from the 
 organization of the State. At the November election of that year a school superintendent fo'" 
 the whole county was elected for the term of two yeai's. There was a good deal of clamor 
 against the change, the reason offered being that each town knew and could supply its own wants 
 best and cheapest. In 1871, the county was divided into two districts, and a superintendent 
 was elected for each. The Eighteenth Senatorial District, or the western portion of the county 
 comprised one district, and the six towns in the eastern portion, comprising a portion of the 
 Twentieth Senatorial District, constituted the other superintendent's district. In 1875, this 
 plan was done away with, and the whole county made to constitute one district, except the city 
 
522 HISTORY OF FOKD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 of Fond du Lac, which has a school superintendent of its own. Since the town system was 
 abolished, the different county superintendents have been as follows : 
 
 1862 and 1863, Eleazer Root ; 1864, 1865, 1866 and 1867, Isaac N. Cundall ; 1868, 1869, 
 1870 and 1871, D. B. Lyon ; 1872 and 1873, W. L. O'Connor for the Eighteenth Senatorial, 
 and Morris Moriarity for the Twentieth Senatorial District ; 1874 and 1875, W. L. O'Connor 
 for the Eighteenth Senatorial, and James J. Kelly for the Twentieth Senatorial District; 1876 
 and 1877, W. L. O'Connor (for the entire county); 1878, 1879, 1880 and 1881, Edward 
 McLoughlin. 
 
 The salary of the County Superintendent is $1,200. He is required to visit all schools, 
 attend all teachers' institutes, examine all applicants for teachers' certificates, and make annually 
 a report of all matters pertaining to the public schools of the county. 
 
 At the beginning of 1880, the public schools of Fond du Lac County are reported to be in 
 a more flourishing condition than ever before. 
 
 Following is a paragraph from a report by Edward McLoughlin, the present County Super- 
 intendent : 
 
 " Connected with our school work, are teachers' institutes and associations. The former is 
 held once a year, for two weeks ; and the latter once a month, on Saturdays, in four different 
 parts of the county. Tlieir object is the better preparation of the teacher to manage, instruct, 
 and discipline his school. One fact we much regret is, that pupils of more than ordinary promise 
 are taken from the rural district school and sent to some higli school or college, when, by providing 
 competent teachers, the entire school would be immeasurably benefited by their remaining." 
 
 Eleazer Root, of Ripon, was the first County Superintendent. He was also the first State 
 Superintendent of Wisconsin, serving three years. He was a member of the second Consti- 
 tutional Convention, and drew up the article on education which was adopted by that Conven- 
 tion as a portion of the State Constitution. 
 
 LITERATURE AND THE FINE ARTS. 
 
 In all compai-atively new countries, where men are compelled to build homes for their 
 children and fill the coffers for the future rather than luxuriate in the accumulations of the past, 
 less attention is given to literature and the fine arts, than in older localities where the forest has 
 been felled, the glebe overcome and homes established. There is not less of genius, or poetry, 
 or music in the sturdy inhabitants of new countries, nor less inclination to cultivate and enjoy the 
 beautiful; but there are fewer leisure moments and less opportunity for improvement. The 
 pioneer poet must repeat his lines as he treads the furrow, and the artist stiffen his joints with 
 the ax or spade. 
 
 Nathanikl p. Tali.madgk. 
 
 The first volume to attract attention, and the largest of any published by a resident of 
 Fond du Lac County, was "The Healing of the Nations," by Nathaniel P. Tallmadge, which 
 was finished in November, 1854. It contained 537 pages. The book was published by Mr. 
 Tallmadge for the purpose of placing before the public what were described as the "inspired 
 utterances " of Charles Linton, a young and uneducated Pennsylvanian. The book attracted 
 considerable attention. Mr. Tallmadge was one of the founders of the Episcopal Church of 
 Fond du Lac, but the " Healing of the Nations " was Spiritualistic in its tendencies and argu- 
 ment. The following paragraph will indicate the manner in which his doctrines were pre- 
 sented : 
 
 " I have always maintained, and still maintain, the Bible is the word of God ; and I agree 
 with that accomplished scholar and jurist, Sir William Jones, who declared that the Scriptures 
 contain, independently of their divine origin, more true sublimity, more exquisite beauty, more 
 important history, pure morality and finer strains both of poetry and eloquence, than could be 
 collected within the same compass from all other books that were ever composed in any age or 
 idiom. And where I hear clergymen denouncing Spiritualism as denying the truths of the Bible, 
 
J^.i,/i)^ 
 
 RIPON . 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 525 
 
 I can only say, 'they know not what they do.' They might, with greater propriety, denounce 
 all denominations of Christians, except their own, because they differed from each other as to 
 what are the truths of the Bible. The Roman Catholic believes in transubstantiation — in the 
 real presence — that the real body and blood of Christ are contained in the consecrated wafer. 
 He goes to the Bible for the truth of this doctrine. Some Protestants go to the same book to 
 prove this doctrine rank blasphemy. Most of the Christian world finds in the Bible the doctrine 
 of the Trinity, while the Unitarian sect, one of the most intelligent and intellectual in this 
 country, finds in it the unity of the Godhead. The same might be said of all the 
 various doctrines, of the different religious sects and denominations ; they are all 
 according to their respective advocates, to be found in the Bible, however inconsistent 
 or antagonistic they may be. When then, these reverend gentlemen tell us that Spiritu- 
 alism denies the truths of the Bible, will they be so good as to agree upon and inform 
 us what these truths are? Christ never taught sectarianism. That has been taught by the 
 creeds of men. Out of these creeds has sprung the antagonism of the Christian world — an 
 antagonism which brought Cranmer and Latimer and Ridley and Servetus to the stake — and 
 which would bring Spiritualists to the stake also, if we were not so far advanced in the light and 
 progress of the nineteenth century. Every real Christian looks forward to the time when this 
 antagonists shall be done away, and we shall stand on one broad platform, founded on the doc- 
 trines taught by Christ, instead of the doctrines taught by the creeds of men." 
 
 Martin Mitchell. 
 
 In 1854, Martin Mitchell, a man prominent in the affairs of Fond du Lac City and 
 County, compiled and published a history of the towns and county — the first and last given to 
 the public up to date. It contained about 100 pages, and was printed by J. A. Smith, then 
 publishing the Western Freeman newspaper at the city of Fond'du Lac. The work was quite an 
 undertaking at that period, and contained some information which might not otherwise have been 
 preserved. It was the first book published in Fond du Lac County. 
 » 
 
 John W. Whinfield. _ 
 
 Mr. Whinfield has been a prolific writer. Some of his favorite themes were reform in spelling 
 and punctuation, protection, political economy and manufacturing. He wrote a pamphlet in 
 1867, upon iron industries and iron manufacturing in the Western States, which contained valu- 
 able information. It was written, the author advertised, " with a view to the establishment of 
 iron works in the Western States, and the use of peat as a fuel." From his work this quota- 
 tion is made: 
 
 "It may be asked how one who has written and argued so much upon the injustice of pro- 
 tection, can now consistently come forward with a proposition to partake in the profits assured 
 by that injustice? 
 
 " To this there are various and sufficiently satisfactory answers. In the first place, with- 
 out protection, the wealth of these Western States in ores, and" the best and cheapest of fuel, 
 would enable us to compete with European manufactures and leave a large margin of profit, to 
 which must also be added, the cost of transportaton and other incidental charges upon importa- 
 tions. 
 
 "Again, the pertinacity of Eastern manufacturers, and the excess of wealth they have 
 already acquired, through protection, to the vast cost of the West, will for a long time defeat 
 the desultory efforts of the advocates of free trade. It behooves the West, therefore, for self- 
 protection alone, that it should make an effort in its own behalf, and that it can do so and profit- 
 ably compete, in this field of enterprise with the East, will be shown in the text. 
 
 "But there is another and more generous motive to excite Western minds — a natural de- 
 sire for, and a pride in, the progress and prosperity of their country. 
 
526 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 "To the writer, something may be allowed for old associations — as the old hunter pricks 
 his ears to the music of the hounds — something for a desire to bring his property into profitable 
 use, but chiefest of all — for the time witii him has long passed when any of the selfish pleasures 
 wealth can purchase could be much appreciated — a pardonable ambition to be numbered^among 
 those who have been of service to their generation." 
 
 This last paragraph in the extract refers to the author's efforts to secure the establishment 
 of iron-works near tlie deep peat beds on the " Ledge," a short distance east of the city of Fond 
 du Lac. A further quotation is made: 
 
 "Among the results attending the establishment of an iron-work in this neighborhood may 
 be enumerated : 
 
 " The production of a superior quality of pig-iron, peculiarly calculated for stove work, hol- 
 low-ware and all kinds of fine castings, holding out inducements to the makers of such articles 
 to settle here. 
 
 " The production of heavy castings from the blast, or first smelting, at a much cheaper 
 rate than from the cupola, which necessitates a second melting. 
 
 " The production of a superior quality of merchant iron, equal to Juniata iron, and manu- 
 factured at a much less cost. The ductility of this iron, the economy with which it may be 
 worked, the saving in cost and in working, from the abundance of the cheapest and best fuel 
 for their purposes, would gather i-ound the supply iron-workers in every department of iron- 
 ware, and consequently a large working population would be brought into the country. 
 
 "The first work of this description, would be the forerunner to many others of alike 
 character, still adding to the smaller factories and multiplying the population, to the permanent 
 benefit of the agricultural interest, the vast increase in the value of property, and the rapid and 
 permanent improvement of both city and country. 
 
 " Those great undertakings, which only wealth profitably invested can accomplish, would 
 be carried out to their full extent — drainage and roadmaking in particular — would be among the 
 first improvements. 
 
 " The contemplated railways — the Sheboygan, and the Air Line to Milwaukee, with others 
 in addition^would become a necessity, and for all which our own resources would be sufficient 
 for providing material and converting it to the different purposes required. 
 
 "To have a just idea of what iron-works would do for Wisconsin, it is only necessary to- 
 call to mind Belgium, and, indeed, Etfg'.and, and ask the question — What would either of these 
 countries have been without her iron-works?" 
 
 David P. Mapes. 
 
 In 1873, David P. Mapes, the "founder of Ripon," published a volume of nearly three 
 hundred pages, entitled, " History of the City of Ripon and of its Founder." The peculiarity of 
 his style may be discovered from an extract, taken from the prefoce : 
 
 " Before writing this history of myself and of the towns I have aided in building, I will 
 say that I have been frequently asked to write it out and get it into book form. If there is 
 anything in my long life and experience worth keeping on the shelves of the book-case, or 
 taking down and reading, here it is ; and you who have had my acquaintance will see it is the 
 'old Captain,' right over. I have not attempted to show the scholar or the statesman, but 
 simply to give a true history of myself and times, as I have seen them, for I have learned that 
 those who attempt to pass themselves off for something they are not, are discovered at once by 
 the discriminating public. * * * So here it is. As thoughts have come to me I 
 
 have penned them ; and you, critics, take them and deal gently with the old man, for such now 
 they call me, if I do feel young. I have written this without gloves, for I meant it should 
 come barehanded, if the hand may appear." Tlie book has met with a liberal sale. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 527 
 
 ABBIK BeESON CARRINC4TON. 
 
 In musical circles, on both sides of the Atlantic, the name of Fond du Lac is familiar as 
 the birthplace and home of Abbie Beeson Carrington. She was born June 13, 1856, and up 
 to August, 1875, was a pupil of C. F. Kumlau's, in Fond du Lac. She then went to Boston, 
 and entered the New England Conservatory of Music, graduating from that institution in June, 
 1877. Being encouraged by the professors of the Conservatory to study in Italy for the opera, 
 she sailed with her parents (Edward and Susan E. Beeson) September 1, 1877, for Milan, where 
 she became the pupd of Signor Guiseppi Parini and Madame Marini, in vocal culture ; Madame 
 Boreome, in language, and Signor Ranconi, in elocution. After studying one year in Milan, 
 Mrs. Carrington accepted an engagement under the tiom de plume of lola Barbo, and sung as 
 prima donna in several of the cities in Northern Italy during the fall and winter. Returning 
 to Milan, she continued her studies until July, 1879, when she sailed for New York, where she 
 now resides. 
 
 Mrs. Carrington's first appearance after returning to America was on Wednesday evening. 
 October 7, 1879, at Boston. This paragraph, from the Musical Record, of that city, is only 
 one of scores of similar import published on that occasion : 
 
 " Abbie Carrington achieved an immediate and triumphant success. She sung the ' Shadow 
 Song' from Meyerbeer's 'Dinorah,' and for an encore the ' Bolero,' from Verdi's ' Sicilian Ves- 
 pers.' She also sung ' Hear Ye, Israel.' Her voice is rich, sweet and flexible. She is very 
 artistic in her method. The former selections were sung with the utmost ease, grace and fluency, 
 while in the latter she evinced rare dramatic skill. Her debut was a complete triumph." 
 
 Soon after, she engaged with Theodore Thomas, in New York, where her success was equally 
 flattering, and also filled several engagements with the most popular concert companies, 
 and now with the Mendelssohn Quintette Club. The commendation she received from the 
 musical and secular press of Italy and America would make a volume ; the Italians, the most 
 severe musical critics in the world, being even more enthusiastic in her praise than her own 
 countrymen. While Mrs. Carrington was singing in Italy, the Boston Folio published a lengthy 
 article upon her success in that cradle of music and art, of which this is an extract v 
 
 "An Italian impressario, desiring a soprano prima donna, after a hearing, chose her from 
 several applicants, oft'ering her a lucrative engagement, including two benefits, and in one year 
 from the time she entered Milan she made her debut in ' Traviata,' making an almost unpar- 
 alleled success for a debutante. She was called before the curtain nine times, and in the confu- 
 sion, ' Brava ! brava ! ' could be heard from all parts of the house. During her stay in 
 Piacenza, the scene of her first triumph, she was visited by many citizens and musicians, con- 
 gratulating her upon her grand success. She was at once off"ered engagements by several 
 impressarii. During this engagement, she constantly gained in the favor and admiration of the 
 critical Italians, both for her singing and her acting, and at the close of the engagement she was 
 waited upon by a committee of citizens, who thanked her for the great satisfaction and delight 
 she had given them. 
 
 " At Cervia and Ravenna, Italy, she made her grandest success in the part of Gilda, in 
 ' Rigoletto,' which gave an opportunity to show her great dramatic powers, and her success can 
 best be imagined from the fact that at the conclusion of her engagement there she was escorted 
 from the Opera House with a military band, mid cheers and shouts of ' Bravo ! bravo ! Long 
 live lole Barbo, the American nightingale!' 
 
 " At the time of writing this sketch, Mrs. Carrington is singing in Ravenna, in the operas 
 of 'Faust,' 'Traviata,' 'Lucia,' ' Puritana' ' Rigoletto,' and the 'Bohemian Girl.' Her voice 
 is a high dramatic soprano, ranging from G below to E flat in alt, sustaining the high E flat with 
 perfect ease. All the tones are pure and even throughout the entire compass of her voice. She 
 is twenty-two years of age, tall, with a fine figure, and large physical powers." 
 
528 HISTORY OF FOND BU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Mark II. Harrison. 
 
 No man in Fond du Lac County has done so much to make the name of Wisconsin familiar 
 in all the great wealth-centers of America and Europe, as Mark R. Harrison, of Fond du Lac. 
 His paintings are hung and admired in all the leading art galleries of the world, and rare 
 descriptions of their beauties grace the journals of Canada, the United States, England, Ger- 
 many and France. He has done much to establish the reputation of the West as the home of 
 genius and art; done much for his profession, but more for posterity. He rescued from oblivion 
 the forms and hues of a hundred varieties of wild flowers, which are seen no more in Wiscon- 
 sin — which have been trampled under foot, and crushed out forever by the destructive march of 
 civilization. The prairies no longer blossom as when the Indians — who turned no furrows — 
 were their only occupants, and no pen could picture the bewildering beauty of a whole county 
 blossoming like the rarest garden in paradise. Mr. Harrison sought out the hiding-place of 
 every bud and blossom, transferring their varied hues to canvas, as the magic power of dew and 
 sunlight gave them birtii. In after years, when wheat and corn and cities cover the 
 land, its inhabitants can find on his canvas, everything but the delicious fragrance of a prairie 
 in full bloom. 
 
 When Mr. Harrison began to paint in Fond du Lac, in 1852, he was too poor to take his 
 pictures to mai'ket or even send them. Permission was asked to hang them in offices and stores, 
 where they remained until some traveling stranger recognized their merits, and secured them 
 at his own figures, for Mr. Harrison was at work for money, as he says now, " to keep from 
 starving." That he was a cultivated artist then, and even before, while a resident of Canada, 
 is apparent from the Toronto, Canada, Mail, of September 5, 1879, which described his " Cain 
 and Abel," painted in 1835, and now owned by the Canadian Government. 
 
 Perhaps more valuable even than his rescue of the flora of the primitive West for the gen- 
 erations of the future, are Mr. Harrison's historical paintings, representing the habits, customs 
 and rites of the uncivilized Indians, in love, marriage and at the grave. From a thorough 
 search of aboriginal history ; from persons well acquainted with the tribal traits and character- 
 istics of the Indians, as well as from Longfellow's legendary poems, Mr. Harrison obtained cor- 
 rect ideas for his pictures, and those who live after the last vestige of the red man has disap- 
 peared, can turn to these paintings, and observe the features, dress and ceremonies of the origi- 
 nal lords of the American soil. 
 
 The "Burial of Hiawatha," painted for William Lucas, of St. Louis, Mo., is the represen- 
 tation of a scene which no beholder can easily forget or describe. In the fringe of a grand old 
 hemlock forest, through whose gloomy aisles and snow-bent boughs the shadows of evening are 
 silently advancing, stands a group of Imlian men and women. It is the time of famine, so 
 graphically described by Longfellow, and in the midst of the group of mourners, lies one of its 
 victims. The stern, strong faces are pinched by hunger and clouded by woe. The dead alone 
 is without sorrow — without the expression of suff"ering. A hollow has been scooped in the vir- 
 gin snow and neatly lined with evergreens; and around the grave, in front of those whose 
 unfathomable but stoical sadness seems to impregnate the very air and every surrounding object, 
 are scattered sprigs of the fragrant hemlock, in accordance with the Indian custom. The pall- 
 bearers, dressed in their most gaudy attire, as they always are at the burial of a distinguished 
 member of the tribe, have lowered the chieftain's dead wife, "Minnehaha, Laughing Water, 
 loveliest of Dacotah women," into her snow-made tomb. She is richly dressed in pure white 
 garments, in accordance with the usages of her people. 
 
 "Clothed her in her richest garments, 
 Wrapped her in robes of ermine, 
 Covered lier wiili snow-like ermine, 
 Thus they buried Minnehaha." 
 
 Near by, seated upon a fallen hemlock, his partially shaded face resting upon his hand, is 
 Hiawatha, her husband, the mourning chieftain. He is overwhelmed with grief. Across his 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 529 
 
 knee is thrown the last garment made by Minnehaha, it being the custom for the husband to 
 bear to her final resting-place the last garment made by his deceased consort. Still nearer to 
 the grave of snow, is old Nokomis, wrapped in sorrow — prostrate with her last earthly grief. 
 She rocks feebly to and fro, and wails : 
 
 "Wahonowin! Wahonowin ! 
 Would that I had perished for you. 
 Would that I were dead as you are. 
 Wahonowin! Wahonowin!" 
 
 This is one of Mr. Harrison's best pictures, and one of the finest productions of Western 
 art. It is not superior, however, in historical value or artistic merit, to others of the same 
 class, three of which are conceived from Longfellow's same poem. Mr. Harrison had beautiful 
 photographs of large size, taken of these paintings, and sent them to Mr. Longfellow as a Christ- 
 mas gift and art souvenir, for 1879. Another painting of considerable power in this series, is 
 the gathering of the warriors before the battle of the Rose Bud, at which Gen. Custer fell. The 
 scene is a rich and beautiful valley, at the base of a high and barren mountain, around whose 
 brow a mighty storm is gathering, and the picture was taken just as Crazy Horse addressed — 
 while standing in his saddle — the assembled chiefs and warriors: 
 
 " The pale-face hath driven us from the graves of our fathers — from the rising to the setting 
 sun. They have driven us to these barren hills [with a gesture toward the beetling crag], and 
 here they will not let us have a home." 
 
 The faces of Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, Black Dog and other leading chiefs, were taken 
 from life, gleaming with that fierce anger and malignity seen only in the countenance of an 
 Indian. 
 
 Mr. Harrison's paintings, which have attracted most local attention and advertised abroad 
 the unsurpassed beauties of Wisconsin scenery, are such pictures as "Elkhart Lake," a rare 
 sheet of water in Sheboygan County; " Sandstone Bluff," a bold, rocky cliff on Green Lake, 
 and several other scenes from Green Lake, the gem of all Wisconsin waters, situated in the 
 county of the same name. 
 
 What has been pronounced in England Mr. Harrison's most powerful painting, is his 
 " Cromwell's Charge at Marston Moor," which has been owned in that country during many 
 years. 
 
 But one of his modern master-pieces on canvas, is a picture finished in 1879 — " Cleopatra's 
 Triumph." It is of large size, and represents more labor than almost any other painting pro- 
 duced in America. It contains 300 figures, all richly but differently dressed ; scores of columns 
 with sculptured bases and ornamented capitals, boats, buildings, the sea, flowers and every detail 
 pertaining to the Egyptian court at the time it represents. At the left rises the stupendous pile 
 called Cleopatra's Palace (begun by Alexander the Great, and finished after his death, B. C, 
 323, by Ptolemy Soter, the first Greek ruler of Egypt). Its length was more than four thousand 
 feet, and its elevation a wilderness of columns, statuary, pillars, emblems, deities and ornamental 
 sculpture piled tier upon tier in solid, shining marble, to a dizzy height, and reaching down to 
 the sea. At the base of the gigantic columns which guard the entrance to the palace, are slaves 
 feeding serpents, Egyptian gods, and to the left the Sphynx, while at the right swarm the royal 
 guards, harpists and banner-bearers, dressed in purple and white, ready to welcome their beloved 
 and beautiful Queen. On the steps of the palace stands a beautiful figure, like that of an angel, 
 called the Goddess of Peace, holding in one hand the white dove of welcome, and in the other the 
 scepter — symbol of power — to be delivered to the Queen. Beyond the Goddess lie the terrible 
 Egyptian deities, with wings and claws, and still fartheron the magnificent malachite obelisk, whose 
 polished surface of blue and green carbonate of copper shimmers in the sunlight, and which is sur- 
 mounted by the god Apis. In the centre of the picture, and under a gorgeous canopy of feathers 
 borne by a slave, is the Queen Cleopatra, with a rich crown sparkling and flashing on her brow. 
 
/^SO HISTORY OF FOXD DTT LAO COUNTY. ' 
 
 By her side walks that great Roman warrior and statesman, Mark Antony, humble and subdued 
 in the presence of her genius and beauty. He goes to her palace a willing captive — 'tis " Cleo- 
 patra's Triumph." Behind follows Antony's helmet-bearer; near by is a richly attired Egyptian 
 priestess, presiding at an altar of burning incense; farther on, a swarthy slave is guarding the 
 golden vessels landed from the galley, and far out to sea is the Pharos, 500 feet in height, one 
 of the Seven Wonders, whose light guided ships across the Mediterranean Sea. The golden 
 galley, impelled by silver oars in the hands of Nubian slaves, and alive with harpists, naiads 
 and cupids, lies near in" all the magnificence which the wealth and skill of Egypt could bestow. 
 " Castle Canyon," painted by Mr. Harrison in 1862, is now in Paris, and held at $25,000. 
 
 Edward G. Masceaft. 
 
 Mr. Mascraft, who has been Mark R. Harrison's student a number of years — and the only 
 student Mr. Harrison ever had — although a young man, has a reputation abroad as an artist of 
 rare genius and promise. He is not a copyist, as so many are who claim to be artists, but 
 sketches from nature. He is an enthusiastic and patient worker, a lover of his profession and 
 has painted many pictures of great merit. Those which sold for the highest figure and gave 
 him the best reputation among artists abroad were, '• The Morning Mist," " Cattle in a Storm," 
 " Lost in the Snow," and "Around the Camp Fire." The last one has received especial praise, 
 being a strong and vivid picture of camp life as Mr. Mascraft recalled it from his own experi- 
 ence as a soldier in the rebellion. His pictures have nearly all sold in the East, where they are 
 in demand, and where he is well known as an artist of genius, truth and skill. He makes fre- 
 quent trips for the purpose of making new sketches from nature, and always with rare success. 
 He is modest, and never mentions his profession or work, preferring to let his paintings win 
 their own way on their merits. 
 
 "Lisle Lester." 
 
 A prominent Eastern journalist known as " Waldemere," -in a series of able papers upon 
 " Our Coming Men and Women," devoted a lengthy critique to "Lisle Lester's" writings, and 
 her promise as an author, from Avhich the following is extracted : 
 
 " The writings of this lady have been almost exclusively confined to magazine and news- 
 paper literature. Now that she has paused in this work, and will soon publish in more solid 
 shape, the result of her researches, it is quite proper to review what she has done, and examine 
 the quality and power that will guide the future labor. 
 
 " As a writer she may be called versatile, yet there are classes of literary work she never 
 touches, and has a strongly developed taste for certain specialties ; prominent of all, the his- 
 torical and descriptive. Under this classification, she has given to print extensive papers on 
 California, Oregon, Nevada and the Pacific Coast Territories, Peru, Mexico and the West 
 Indian Islands. These papers embrace history, biography, description, adventure and relic 
 lore. 
 
 " Her descriptive faculties are the best ; her language is rhetorically able and fluent. Some 
 of the most admirable specimens of her authorship in this class of writing are a series of papers 
 entitled ' Pencilings of the Pacific,' 'Two Years in Jamaica,' and 'Lisle Thread.' 
 
 " The second prominent feature of her writings, after the historical, is dramatic journalism. 
 She has published and editorially conducted two dramatic papers, dramatized considerably, and 
 contributed largely to dramatic publications. As a theatrical essayist and correspondent, her 
 opinions command a high estimate from the profession. The ' Life of Charlotte Cushman,' written 
 and compiled during tiie years 1877 and 1878, will soon be sent to press. It is apparent that 
 some of her most eminent eflx)rts will be found in the dramatic literature of the future. 
 
 " The next most sparsely indulged feature of her literai'y work is satirical humor ; com- 
 bined with it, a defense of principles and people, that has conspired to bring out from her pen 
 some very strong, caustic, independent articles from time to time. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 531 
 
 '' The most important of these papers already current, was a series of articles published 
 in the Washington Chronicle in 1877, entitled, ' Only-a- Woman Series.' " 
 
 The pearl of all "Lisle Lester's" writings is tlie limited poetical thought that has found 
 expression in print. These poems remind one of the stifling sobs of a child, struggling in sup- 
 pressed weeping. 
 
 The saddest of these are gems, and every line seems drenched with tears — no doubt they 
 conceal the key to the heart-side of her life, that the world is not admitted to. Illustrative of 
 the emotional-friendship verse, written under what may be denominated the " indulgence of 
 affections," the following is given: 
 
 " HER FACE. 
 
 " Sometimes I look into a glorious face — 
 Iq(o a soul-lit, gentle eye — 
 That mirrors Nature's loveliest grace 
 Clear as a summer's morning sky. 
 
 " Through wistful eyes traversing Tforlds afar, 
 Tliatgem the radiant night, 
 I catch the glory of a single star 
 Shining supremely bright. 
 
 "These eyes, like ocean fast asleep. 
 Are fill hornless in soul ; 
 Like quiet streams all pure and deep, 
 Sweet thoughts within them roll. 
 
 " There may be faces twice as fair, 
 sweet-faceJ lady mine ; 
 But if there were, 1 should not care 
 So friendship spare me thine." 
 
 "Lisle Lester" never dabbled in political writing, nor lent her pen to any of the 
 " hobbies " and "isms " with which the world is well supplied at the present time. She never 
 wrote a novel nor a romance of any kind. At the present time, she is putting into shape for 
 the press, some important works that will decide her position in literature. She has not hurried 
 into print, nor sought premature fame, and in this she has exhibited good judgment, and, doubt- 
 less, laid a solid foundation for the future. 
 
 "Nellie Wildwood." 
 
 Under this romantic name, Miss Elizabeth Farnsworth, now Mrs. Mears, of Oshkosh, 
 wrote more voluminously than any other Fond du Lac County lady author. She began early 
 to write rhymes, ditties and acrostics for the press, some of wiiich were sweet and musical. In 
 addition to poetry, "Nellie Wildwood " dipped into romance and the drama — one play, entitled 
 " Black Hawk," drawing good houses at jNIadison and other places in the State. Her most 
 elaborate work was a sixty-page book, entitled, " Voyage of Pere Marquette, and Romance of 
 Charles de Langlade; or, the Indian Queen. An Historical Poem of the Seventeenth and 
 Eighteenth Centuries." It was written for Harrison & Stevenson's " Art Union," in 1860. 
 From this book, as descriptive of the approach on the shores of Lake Winnebago, before the 
 coming of white men, of such a glorious morning as could only be seen in the unsettled AVest, 
 is taken the following : 
 
 " 'Tis early morn — the heavens are softest blue, 
 And the broad lake has caught the same fair hue ; 
 While from the dreamy West the cooling breeze 
 Waves the green drapery of the lofty trees, 
 Amid whose cool and leafy shade is heard 
 The matin-song of many a bright-winged bird. 
 The robin's note from hedge of wilding rose — 
 The mourning dove pours forth her loving woes — 
 The thrush, with joyous gratitude elate — 
 The speckled partridge, whistling to its mate — 
 
532 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 And all the feathered choristers of song, 
 Rouse the clear echoes, vales and groves among. 
 The fragrant zephyrs, 'mid the flowers that sleep 
 With morning freshness on thesenses sweep.' 
 The rising sun gilds tree and headland tall — 
 The crimson beams soft ling' ring where they fall. 
 Till earth and arching skies in splendor bright 
 Mingle in one, thus bathed in golden light." 
 
 Mrs. Charlotte E. Fisher. 
 
 Mrs. Fisher has never published anything in book form, although she has written much 
 worthy of such preservation. She writes for the Phrenological Journal and various other pub- 
 lications. From the Fond du Lac Reporter of February, 1877, is taken the following : 
 
 "AWAKING, AWAKE, ASLEEP. 
 
 " Triumphant choir of blackbirds, 
 
 *Mong the willow trees. 
 Singing, ' Spring is come again. 
 
 We have felt its breeze.' 
 Oh I the sky is softest blue, 
 
 And the earth is fair — 
 The sunlight falls in golden showers 
 
 Softly everywhere. 
 Wild bees sipping honey 
 
 From the lily's cup — 
 How beautiful the year looks 
 
 When it's waking up I 
 
 " Across the pleasant meadows 
 
 Shade and sunshine run ; 
 The broad grain-fields are golden — 
 
 Harvest has begun. 
 The air is faint with fragrance 
 
 That drops from Summer's wing — 
 The birds are lost in wonder — 
 
 They quite forget to sing. 
 Earth has spread her banquet, 
 
 And bids us to partake — 
 How glorious the year looks 
 
 When it's wide awake ! 
 
 " Bright leaves of golden amber 
 
 Hustling in the breeze ; 
 Leaves all sere and withered. 
 
 Falling from the trees ; 
 Blue mists on the mountain ; 
 
 Shadows in the wood — 
 Oh 1 Autumn's sighing softly 
 
 In her solitude. 
 Somethings akin to sorrow 
 
 O'er our spirits creep. 
 For Oh I how sad the year looks 
 
 When sinking to its sleep ! 
 
 " Beauteous gleam of frost-work 
 
 On e.ach window-pane — 
 Here a wreath of flowrets. 
 
 There a mountain chain. 
 From misty clouds above us 
 
 Comes tlie plumy snow — 
 Of what is Winter dreaming? 
 
 Why does he shiver so? 
 Wildly sings the storm-king 
 
 'Round my snug retreat — 
 Oh 1 how cold the year looks 
 
 When its gone to sleep .'" 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 533 
 
 Maurice McKenna. 
 
 In 1868, Maurice McKenna, who had written for the press and various periodicals, pub- 
 lished a small volume of poems entitled, " Elva Lee." The principal feature of the work was a 
 romance after the style and meter of Walter Scott's " Lady of the Lake," which was presented 
 with this : 
 
 TO THE READER. 
 
 Kind reader, if thy leisure yet 
 
 'Ttiese pages may devour ; 
 And if the humble board I set 
 
 Partake no savor sour ; 
 Or, if this simple epaulet 
 
 Disguise no hostile gaiour, 
 Then bask them in the minaret 
 
 Of Favor's sunny tower. 
 And while I leave this amulet 
 
 Of words thy paltry dower, 
 Thy heart will kindly not forget 
 
 The clouds that sometimes lower. 
 Nor slight, if thy chaste eyes have met 
 
 Some solitary flower. 
 But ah ! if this poor task should sweat 
 
 Thy soul beyond her power. 
 Forgive the blast that dared to fret 
 
 Her blossom-mantled bower, 
 With song's mirth-shading silhouette, 
 
 Or joy-entailing shower — 
 And pardon him who holds in debt 
 
 Thy recreative hour. 
 
 Since publishing "Elva Lee," Mr. McKenna has written much that is well worth 
 preserving. 
 
 Alice Arnold Cra\vtord. 
 
 Of all the poets — or those who have dropped into verse for the amusement of friends or in 
 response to that inspiration which no pen can describe but which occasionally bursts into a glow 
 with all persons of genius, throwing their very souls into a dance of rhythm and transport of 
 beautiful thoughts — none claimed by Fond du Lac County have become so widely known 
 as Alice Arnold Crawford. Her beautiful life, attractive personal and mental attributes and 
 premature death add a peculiar interest to her productions for even those who care nothing for 
 the intrinsic merits of poetry. She furnished articles in prose and verse for the leading publica- 
 tions of the day, and, in 1875, after her death, an unrevised collection of her writings, making 
 a book of nearly two hundred pages, mostly in verse, was published in elegant style by Jansen, 
 McClurg & Co., of Chicago. The two distinct and unlike moods or styles in which Alice 
 Arnold Crawford wrote, are well illustrated by two poems here reproduced : 
 
 BLIND HANDEL. 
 
 He sat alone — his solemn service (^'er ; 
 No muftjed footfalls sounded on the floor ; 
 The distant clangor of llie closing door 
 From arch to arch leaped down the low octave 
 Of dying echoes, and wiihin the nave 
 Dropped into silence. 
 
 Calm and sweetly grave, 
 As one in whom some joy and sorrow blend. 
 The blind old iflan, beside his limewora friend, 
 Still lingered lovingly. .Across the keys 
 F e felt the warmlh of sunshine, and the breeze 
 
534 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 At play upon the silver of his haii-. 
 And, down the iiisles, he linew llie list'ning air 
 In conscious enipliness luing dead and still, 
 But wailing for the soul of melody to thrill 
 Its sileuce into life. 
 
 As one who loved them much, 
 He sought the keys. They yielded to his touch. 
 And liy some strange intelligence lliey caught 
 The thrilling impulse of their master's tliought, 
 And followed sofily, or in cchnes rang 
 Their sweet response, while he, trembling, sang 
 His life-song unto them : 
 
 " We are alone 
 Oh, voices of my soul ! and j ly unknown 
 To those who know and love you less than I, 
 Is borne to me upon the melody 
 That wakens at my will. I fell no need of sight; 
 But, reaching forth, I draw my warmth and light 
 From out the world of sound, that fine and mystic sense 
 Vouchsafed to me makes more than recompense 
 For outer darkness ; since (lie shadowy line 
 That shuts me from the world wins the divine 
 To blest communion until life grows sweet 
 From hidden springs, and makes itself complete 
 From sources of its own. 
 
 " i\Ien pity me ; 
 And little eyes that mine shall never see 
 Turn tenderly to watch the groping feet 
 That, hesitating, tread the aisle and street. 
 They look on me as one whose night and day 
 Are wearily the same, and sadly say 
 My blindness is my prison, and no star 
 That, key-like, hangs without the dungeon bar, 
 Shall ever turn or open unto me 
 The royal dawn, or noontide majesty. 
 
 " And yet 1 sorrow not. No life is dark 
 Whose inner chambers hold the vital spark 
 Of heavenly happiness. I only stand 
 Within the shadow of my Father's hand, 
 And list, through all the ling'ring eventide, 
 For loving tones that, comforting, abide 
 Forever in the air. Oh, perfect gift ! 
 Oh, blessing marvellous ! By thee I lift 
 The upper windows of my charniL'dsoul, 
 And let the li.armonies of Heaven roll 
 Full voiced into mine ear. 
 
 " And still I wait. 
 My groping fingers clasp the golden gate 
 That bounds the sweet hereafter, while the hymn 
 That trembles from the harps of serapliim 
 Floats out 10 me ; the soft and mellow pipes 
 Awaked by me are but th' imperfect types 
 Of what 1 hear — the faint interpreters 
 Through which I speak to men — sweet messengers 
 From me unto the world. I ask no moi'e 
 Since ' my Redeemer liveth ' to restore 
 In His own time the fullness of my sight. 
 Then, for the loss of earth s imperfect light. 
 The crystal day shall evermore be given. 
 And Handel, ' blind and old,' shall see in Heaven." 
 
HISTORY OF FOJTD DU LAC COUNTY. 535 
 
 THK FOREST EASTEK. 
 
 [This poem was published at Easter-tide in Ilarper's Weekly, engraved on a beautiful cross whicli covered an entire 
 page of that publication, and attracted wide attention. The cross was entwined and Irellised with the ricli green 
 vines and bright star-blossoms of the trailing arbutus, bursting through crusts of snow and creeping about pillars of 
 ice, with the deep, gloomy solitude of a Nortiieru forest for a background.] 
 
 In the foi-ests of the North 
 Shines the Easter morning forth ! 
 Shines and glimmers, flits and smiles 
 Down the winding woodland aisles. 
 
 See! the vapor's rising breath 
 
 Floats as life released from death, 
 
 Pure above the stainless snow. 
 
 Look ! how shadows in the glow, 
 Melted from their icy keeping, out of hidden cells are creeping; 
 Out of twilight niches leaping at the beck'ning of the liglit. 
 Has the spring remembered Easter in the Northland still and white? 
 Have the symbols of the morning deck'd the dim cathedral wood ? 
 Have they written, " He is risen," in the snowy solitude? 
 Are the lilies incense breathing? Are the fair camellias wreathing 
 
 Carven birch and pillared pine ? 
 
 Do the lustrous myrtles twine 
 
 With the roses, waxen white? 
 
 Creeps the ivy's emerald vine 
 
 O'er the sky-built casement height? 
 
 Tell us, sleeping, sluggard Spring! 
 
 Show us, living, waking Spring! 
 
 Where is laid thine offering for the Easter-tide ? 
 
 " In the forests of tlie North, 
 
 O'er the snow-hills peeping forth 
 
 Down the sunny side, through the winter's frosted tear. 
 
 Through the mosses, cold and sear, 
 
 Pure and fair as lilies are, ope's the sweet arbutus star. 
 
 Silken-pelaled, rosy-tipped, snowy-hearted, dewy-lipped. 
 
 Never lovelier offering could the tropic sunshine bring 
 
 Offspring of an angel breath 
 
 Warmed to life through chill and death, 
 
 Never truer Easter sign 
 
 Robed a cross or strewed a shrine." 
 Ay, the Spring has chosen well — belter than we understood. 
 Open star and budded bell best befit the cloister cell 
 
 Of the templed wood ; 
 Best unfold the mystic story from the secret of its own ; 
 Best proclaim the risen glory from the life itself has known. 
 Blossom of the Wilderness! God-child of the snow's caress ! 
 Heaven shall love thee not the less, blooming here alone. 
 
 FOND DU LAC COUNTY WAR RECORD. 
 
 No county in Wisconsin has a more honorable or noble war record than Fond du Lac. 
 
 The news that Fort Sumter had been fired upon and had surrendered reached Fond du 
 Lac, Ripon and Waupun Saturday evening, April 13, 1861, but was not generally disseminated 
 until Sunday. Everything was dropped, and people rushed to the centers of population and 
 information for the latest news. Newspapers were in demand and commanded almost any price, 
 one man paying a dollar for a copy of the Chicago Tribune. Impromptu meetings to sustain 
 the Government were held everywhere, the first of which any record was left being held Sun- 
 day evening, April 14, in the city of Fond du Lac. On Thursday evening, the largest meet- 
 ing ever held in that city was addressed at Amory Hall, by Edward S. Bragg, J. M. Gillet, S. 
 E. Lefferts and Mason C. Darling. The intensity of the excitement, patriotism and enthusi- 
 asm manifested cannot be described. Resolutions upholding the Government, and couched in 
 
536 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 the strongest possible language, were adopted. About $4,000 was raised to care for the families 
 of soldiers, and pledges were offered on every hand to furnish wood, meat, flour and provisions 
 to soldiers' wives and children. Men offered houses free of rent ; physicians offered medical 
 attendance free of charge, and the City Council voted, at a special meeting, although it had no 
 right to do so, $5,000 to aid soldiers' families. Patriotism and generosity ran riot. War 
 meetings were appointed in almost every schoolhouse in the county, and speakers were in great 
 demand. The demand, however, was supplied, as men who had never made a speech before, 
 and have not since, proved to be fountains of patriotic eloquence. The Reporter, of Fond du 
 Lac, in its issue of April 27, 1861, thus briefly but graphically describes the excitement of the 
 hour: 
 
 " We should, perhaps, make an apology that the Reporter is lacking this week in the 
 usual amount of matter. The events of the week have occupied our whole attention. Our work- 
 men are worn down with night work in getting out extras of telegraphic reports, which we print 
 morning and evening. Nor can we publish all the war news, for want of room and for want of 
 type-setters to get up the type. Two of our workmen have enlisted. 
 
 " The war feeling is so intense and absorbing that much of the business of our city has 
 been stopped; men are collected in crowds on the streets, and before the recruiting office of 
 Col. Lefferts. Mechanics have left their shops, clerks their desks, printers their cases, laborers 
 their usual employments, and all are prepared to take up arms in defense of the flag of their 
 country." 
 
 Capt. John McGinnis offered the services of the Hibernian Guards of Fond du Lac, five 
 days after Gov. Randall's proclamation was posted, and they were accepted. This was the first 
 offer of a company from Fend du Lac County. It was not the first company to leave for camp, 
 as it was composed of only thirty men who were willing to fight, and some recruiting was neces- 
 sary to secure the necessary seventy-eight. 
 
 The first man to enlist in Fond du Lac County was Colwert K. Pier, and the second was 
 Christian Klock. This was on Monday forenoon, April 15, and they signed the roll in S. E. 
 Lefferts' office, at 494 Main street. 
 
 Party lines were nearly obliterated, old feuds were forgotten, and a new era in good-fellow- 
 ship and patriotism inaugurated. Old enemies, both political and social, met at recruiting gath- 
 erings, and made speeches together. 
 
 Patriotism and a desire to do something for their country were not confined to the men- 
 The ladies were busy preparing little things for the soldiers to take with them ; making flags» 
 committing patriotic songs, making rosettes of red, white and blue, and lending their influence 
 by being present at all war meetings. When the first company left Fond du Lac, each member 
 was presented by the ladies with an elegant silk rosette and a Testament, and the company with 
 a large and costly flag. These were presented at Amory Hall on Tuesday evening, April 31, 
 at which time the company assembled to take the army oath. W. C. Kellogg administered the 
 oath, and so enthusiastic were the spectators, ihat one and all arose and took the solemn obliga- 
 tion also. Rev. George B. Eastman made a prayer, and E. S. Bragg the following speech: 
 
 CiTizKN Soldiers: In obedience to your own patriotic impulses to defend a flag hallowed by the blood of 
 patriots, the maintenance of which was bequeathed to you as a legacy of a glorious ancestry, you are about to bid adieu 
 to friends and kindred, to put off the garb of peace and assume the " slow-measured tread of grim-visaged war." In 
 days of old, the knight did his devoir under the colors of his " ladye-love." The remembi'ance of the sweet, sad parting 
 cheered him when gloom was stealing o'er his spirit, and rendered doubly ilear the achievements of his arm. In 
 later days — in the limes which tried men's souls — the women of America clieered the soul of the patriot; the mother 
 gave her husband and son as willing offerings, and the maiden wiped the death-damp from the brow of her lover 
 without a murmur. That race of noble women 'is not yet extinct. They are as ready now as then, at their country's 
 call, to make the sacrifice. 
 
 Capt. McCall, through me the women of Fond du Lac bid you and your soldiers God-speed in your holy purpose. 
 By my hand they entrust you with these colors as a parting token. Maintain them in the front of the battle. Let 
 them never be sullied by an ignoble act on the field, or in the camp. Protect them, if need be, with your blood,, 
 remembering always, th,at they possess the talism.inic power of a woman's blessing. 
 
HISTORY OF FOKD DU LAC COUNTY. 587 
 
 Capt. J. V. McCall responded : 
 
 Oil behalf of the Badgers, I tender to the ladies of Fond du Lac our heartiest thanks for this beautiful flag, 
 assuring them that each and all of us, rank and file, will do our utmost to protect it from dishonor. And, whether on 
 the field, or in camp, on duty or olf, the remembrance of the fair givers will ever be cherished. 
 
 Two days after this, May 2, 1861, the company took its departure amid a strange com- 
 mingling of cheers, sobs and tears. The train left Thursday morning over the Chicago & North- 
 western Railway, from Fond du Lac, and the city was literally jammed with people from all 
 parts of the county, to whom the idea of war and the sight of soldiers were novel and inspiriting. 
 
 Before their departure, a splendid dinner was served by the proprietor of the Lewis House, 
 Mr. B. S. Patty, while the bands discoursed music, and patriotic speeches were made outside of 
 the hotel. This company (I), called the "Badger Boys," was assigned to the First Wisconsin 
 Regiment ; was the first body of Fond du Lac County men to start for the war, and consisted of 
 the following officers and privates: 
 
 Captain, James V. McCall ; First Lieutenant, Thomas H. Green ; Ensign, Henry Decker; 
 First Sergeant, Lyman M. Ward; Second Sergeant, William S. Burrows; Third Sergeant, Walter 
 T. Coneys; Fourth Sergeant, Ed F. Ferris; First Corporal, EdT. Midgely; Second Corporal, 
 Milton Ewen ; Third Corporal, Timothy F. Strong, Jr.; Fourth Corporal, Henry Taylor. 
 
 Privates — Kelsey M. Adams, Levi Annis, George Beaver, David Bidwell, H. E. Barrette, 
 David Babcock, Joseph Buschar, John N. Curtis, Edward B. Crofoot, Volney Chapman, S. 
 Coleman, Jr., William E. Chase, C. T. Carpenter, Henry W. Durand, E. P. Downer, Matthew 
 Emerson, John Farrell, John V. Frost, Kingman Flint, Martin V. Fargo, William A. Fargo, 
 William M. Gardner, F. Grasslee, John Grignon, R. Gilbraith, George R. Gates, H. W. Hub- 
 bell, W. S. Horton, Isadore Heibert, Charles S. Henry, Lewis Hart, John F. Hagan, Christian 
 Klock, C. L. Kimball, William Kiiothardt, Joseph King, Merion Lake, Andrew Lundry, Harri- 
 son Matthews, Norton W. Mack, Theodore Magneusan, Charles H. Morgan, John Oliver, 
 Charles Palmer, Albert W. Paine, James G. Potter, Colwert K. Pier, M. W. Peters, Josiah 
 Prosser, William A. Place, Richard Peacock, John Reichardt, George P. Robinson, Francis G. 
 Rice, R. G. Stevens, Samuel Sherwood, Roswell M. Sawyer, Leonard Shaw, George T. Wilkins, 
 Parley E. Wilson, George E. Wood, John Wiley, M. D. Wilson, Robert Whittleton, H. Walters, 
 Delos A. Ward, Byron A. Wheeler and Charles Williams. 
 
 Innumerable copies of the "Star Spangled Banner," and miniature flags, on which were 
 printed various patriotic mottoes, and extracts from the speeches of great men, were scattered 
 about the country, and the work of recruiting went on at an astonishing rate, the time of enlist- 
 ment at first being for only ninety days. Flags floated everywhere. Bulletins naming the 
 prominent men who had enlisted, and scraps containing the seditious utterances of Southern men 
 and officers, were freely circulated to increase, if possible, the enthusiasm for enlisting, and at the 
 war meetings, men who could not enlist would " bid " for volunteers. That is, A would call out, 
 " I will give $50 for the next volunteer;" B would say, " I'll give $100," and so on until 
 another volunteer was secured, the meetings continuing until late at night. A description of the 
 wild excitement and intense enthusiasm of one war meeting would apply to all of them, and they 
 were held everywhere in the county. 
 
 The follofling card, printed on imitation bank paper, was suddenly and unaccountably found 
 in liberal circulation, furnishing the salaries of soldiers in diSerent positions: Colonel, $218 per 
 month; Lieutenant Colonel, $194 ; Major, $175; Captain, $118 ; First Lieutenant, $108.50; 
 Second Lieutenant, $103.50; Brevet Second Lieutenant, $103.50; First, or Orderly Sergeant, 
 $29; other Sergeants, $27; Corporals, $22; privates, $20, and musicians, $21 per month. 
 
 These figures, though not correct, mixed well with the enthusiasm of the hour, and recruit- 
 ing went on more rapiilly than ever, until it was announced in one of the local papers 
 of May 25. 1861, that " Fond du Lac County has furnished a greater number of volunteers than 
 any other county in the State, not even excepting Milwaukee. We have now nine full com- 
 panies, and three more nearly full, more than enough for one full regiment. Of these, six com- 
 panies have enlisted for three years, or during the war. Should the exigencies of the war 
 
538 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 require it, we are confident the number could be doubled in this county. Our volunteers com- 
 pare favorably ■with any in the State. They are a fine, able-bodied set of men, who entered into 
 this business because they felt it their duty to do so, leaving their fields and workshops, and 
 occupations, to be supplied by others. It is an indisputable fact that Capt. McCall's Company 
 stands at the head of the First Regiment for good order, sobriety and military bearing. They 
 have earned a reputation in their short period of camp life, of which they may well feel proud. 
 Should their example be followed by the remaining companies, Fond du Lac will have the proud 
 distinction of having better men in the field, as well as more of them, than any county in the 
 State." 
 
 In a very few days after the first company was organized under Capt. J. V. McCall, 
 within thirty days from the time Gov. Randall's proclamation appeared in Fond du Lac County, 
 the following six companies had been organized, officers chosen and their services accepted : 
 Capt. Emerson's '"North Star Rifles," of Taycheedah ; Capt. John Maginnis' "Union 
 Guards," of Fond du Lac; Capt. Gage's "Hamilton Guards," of the towns of Osceola, 
 Auburn, Ashford and that vicinity; Capt. E. S. Bragg's "Rifles," of Fond du Lac; Capt. 
 Bertine Pinkney's " Rosendale Guards," of Rosendale; Capt. 0. H. La Grange's "Ripon 
 Rifles," of Ripon ; Capt. Clark's " Waupun Light Guards," of Waupun, and the " Oakfield 
 Rifles." 
 
 Before this time. Company I had begun to have "some experience," and it will be inter- 
 esting to know what it was and how the members liked it. Many of the boys had been accus- 
 tomed to fine clothes, luxurious homes and plenty of money, and not a few of them took along 
 well-filled trunks. C. K. Pier wrote weekly letters to the Fond du Lac Reporter, signing him- 
 self " Trowloc," in one of which he said : 
 
 " We have at last received our clothes, which they call uniforms, although one would think 
 to see the company on parade, that the tailor had warranted each uniform to fit the largest man 
 or the smallest boy. The cloth is gray, of various shades ; much of it is of poor quality and 
 will not stand hard service. The pants have a black cord down the sides, and the coats have 
 brass buttons and stand-up collars. On Monday (May 13), Col. Starkweather presented the 
 regiment with a remnant of Washington's flag. Yesterday (May 15), we commenced our second 
 course on soldier's fare. One more, and we will be on regular army rations. The contract has 
 been let to feed us at 39 cents per head. Each man has a metal plate, spoon, knife and fork, 
 which he must take care of himself. About 6 o'clock, the Orderly Sergeant calls out, ' Com- 
 pany I, fall in for breakfast,' and, as the call is passed from tent to tent, you take your plate in 
 one hand, knife, fork, cup and spoon in the other, and step into the ranks. But be careful as 
 you go into the eating-house that you do not slip down in a pool of coffee. As the boys range 
 themselves along the rough table, the Orderly commands, 'Inward face — take seats.' At first, 
 a teacup of mustard, a box of pepper, salt and vinegar, ai"e the only articles in the line of vict- 
 uals to be seen ; but, immediately, a pan filled with slices of bread an inch or more in thickness, 
 another of boiled potatoes, followed by one filled with meat, come in rapid succession. The 
 bread is 'baker's,' and good; the potatoes are good enough, and the meat — well, as to meat 
 and gravy, we won't take any this morning. The waiter fills your cup with coffee, which you 
 sweeten and taste. It is cold, and appears inclined to coagulate. Another waiter appears, and 
 while steam rises in large volumes from his pitcher, cries out, ' Hot coffee ! ' You want some, 
 of course, but what is to be done? Your cup is full, you cannot swallow its contents, and 
 there is no dish into which to empty it. You look around and find everybody in the same fix. 
 Finally, a sly one comes to an ' about face ' and pours his coffee on the ground. In an instant 
 you follow suit, and so do the others. Now it may be understood whence came the pools of 
 cofi'ee on the ground. * * * After finishing your meal, should you wish to clear 
 
 your plate of fragments, you empty them on the table or where you did the cold coff'ee. You 
 clean your dish with bread, dip it in a large dish of hot water, and wipe it with paper." 
 
 The boys got their pay about the 1st of June, and their genius was taxed to smuggle 
 " liquid dry goods " into camp, as it was against the rules to be caught with a bottle. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 539 
 
 On Monday before the First Regiment left Camp Scott at Milwaukee, the death of one Monroe, 
 of Company C, took the spirit nearly all out of the boys. On the 9th of June, they started 
 for the front, and the journey to Maryland was one continuous ovation. Music, cannon, cheers, 
 ice water, hot coffee, lunches, fruits, papers, prettj' girls and shouting men met them at every 
 depot. At one village in Ohio, the people were so enthusiastic as to allow their daughters to 
 board the train and ride with the soldiers until the returning train was met. Some of the 
 Fond du Lac boys put up at hotels, and were liberal with money received from friends and 
 relatives at home. Their first fighting was at Falling Waters, in Virginia, July 2, 1861. It 
 was a wild, harum-scarum battle, but the boys thought it was a big thing. The First Regiment 
 lost one man (not from Fond du Lac County), and C. K. Pier wrote home that he saw two of 
 the enemy stretched dead in a field, while David Babcock sent back word that " in the free and 
 rapid distribution of bullets, the rebs had attained to a proficiency that was truly astonishing." 
 Afterward, the battle of Falling Waters was a standing joke among the veterans, and is to this 
 day. 
 
 The First Regiment was mustered out in August, but was soon re-organized, as most of 
 the boys re-enlisted for " three years or the war." 
 
 Lyman M. Ward went out from Fond du Lac in the first company of the First Regiment 
 of Wisconsin Volunteers. He was the author of — " Dodge the big ones." 
 
 After serving with the original First, Col. Ward, as he was familiarly known, helped to 
 organize, and, from the beginning to the end, was identified with the Fourteenth Regiment. 
 At Pittsburg Landing, notwithstanding the terrors and disasters of the first day's fight, the 
 Fourteenth absolutely refused to break or run. Their splendid behavior won for them the title, 
 " Fourteenth "Wisconsin Regulars." Three times, during the second day, they charged and cap- 
 tured a rebel battery, and each time, for want of proper support, were compelled to let go their 
 prize. Most every one has heard in one shape or another the story of the officer who told his 
 men they might dodge " the big ones," but few are acquainted with the real incident which gave 
 it origin. 
 
 While forming the line for the fourth charge, this regiment drew the concentrated fire of 
 all the enemy's guns within range. Shell, grape and solid shot swept over and about them with 
 shriek, hiss and roar, which only one who has been there can appreciate. The Colonel passed 
 along, cautioning the men to stand steady, assured them they had that day made their names 
 immortal, to keep their ranks solid, that a man Avas as apt to dodge in front of a bullet as to avoid 
 it, and that another hour would surely give them the victory. Just then, a perfect tornado of 
 iron and lead swept over their heads; every man and officer involuntary dodged, when Lieut. 
 Ed. Ferris said: " But, Colonel, when they shoot a cooking stove right past a man's ear, can't he 
 dodge just a little? " 
 
 " Well, yes," said the Colonel, " if it's a big one, dodge just a little, about as much as I did." 
 
 Five minutes later, the regiment again went for that battery, and never let go of it. As a 
 trophy of that day's service, the Government assigned one of the captured guns to the State,, 
 and it is now at Madison. 
 
540 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 FOND DU LAC COUNTY S AID TO SUPPRESS THE REBELLION. 
 
 TOWNS. 
 
 Quotas. 
 
 Recruits. 
 
 Veterans. 
 
 Dratted. 
 
 ZlSextrmforthe 
 Sutr. credited 
 bj order of W»r 
 Deptrtmcut. 
 
 War Depart- 
 ment credits 
 prior to July 
 18, 1864. 
 
 Total 
 credits. 
 
 Alto 
 
 90 
 
 86 
 77 
 7!1 
 67 
 84 
 69 
 53 
 98 
 87 
 97 
 95 
 45 
 59 
 
 68 
 61 
 16 
 66 
 56 
 62 
 
 9 
 45 
 17 
 14 
 28 
 22 
 20 
 41 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 33 
 23 
 50 
 31 
 73 
 41 
 30 
 30 
 27 
 50 
 
 7 
 65 
 53 
 45 
 40 
 54 
 
 3 
 
 1186 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 14 
 36 
 15 
 12 
 
 9 
 36 
 12 
 19 
 18 
 15 ■ 
 18 
 
 5 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 
 90 
 
 Ashford 
 
 
 80 
 
 Auburn 
 
 1 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 82 
 
 Calumet 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 Eden 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 72 
 
 Eldorado 
 
 3 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 9 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 60 
 42 
 49 
 53 
 23 
 7 
 
 96 
 
 Fond du Lac Second Ward 
 
 92 
 
 Fond du Lac, Third Ward 
 
 
 96 
 
 
 
 96 
 
 Fond du Lac, Fifth Ward 
 
 
 48 
 
 Fond du Lac Town 
 
 IG 
 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Fond du Lac County at large 
 
 
 
 1 
 15 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 23 
 25 
 17 
 
 8 
 22 
 19 
 17 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Forest 
 
 74 
 33 
 62 
 49 
 93 
 62 
 56 
 90 
 75 
 75 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 49 
 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 
 36 
 
 Lamartine 
 
 
 62 
 
 Marshfield 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 8 
 7 
 2 
 
 
 
 106 
 
 Oakfield 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 Osceola 
 
 1 
 
 
 41 
 
 Kipon, First Ward 
 
 34 
 30 
 23 
 
 86 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 78 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 Kosendale 
 
 81 
 76 
 70 
 65 
 83 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 21 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 76 
 
 
 
 
 72 
 
 Waupuu, North Ward 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 7 
 13 
 
 62 
 
 Waupun Town 
 
 1 
 
 84 
 
 Waupun at large 
 
 3 
 
 Total 
 
 2135 
 
 116 
 
 483 
 
 10 
 
 331 
 
 2126 
 
 EOSTER. 
 
 The names of those who took part in the war, who are credited to Fond du Lac County, 
 are subjoined : 
 
 Ferris, Capt. J. V. Frost, James Hammond, Charles W. 
 .Tackson. Geo. Je.sse, Robert Longstaff, E. G. Mascraft, 
 Henry W. Powers, Francis J. Rihtjle, Orlando J. Ribble, 
 Cbas. Ribble, Charles Spafford, Obadiah Thompson, John 
 A. Waller, H. C. West, Col. Lyman M. Ward. Co. G— 
 Samuel Jones, Co. H — E. P. Mead, Washington Hathaway. 
 Co. I— J. W. Bell. Co. K— Sanford M. St. John. Com- 
 pany unknown — Morich Track. 
 
 Seventeenth Infantry-^Co. C — Joseph Bulger, John 
 Boardman, James Condy, Joseph Devlin, Thomas Harinor, 
 Harry Jennings, Capt. Simon O'Kane, Patrick Moughliu. 
 Patrick Meager, William McDermot, F. Nelson, Anthony 
 O'Brien, John Racroft, John Ruyoraft, Felix Rogers, 
 John Shea, Nathan Sayre. 
 
 Nineteenth Infantry — Co. K — John Nowell, Silas C. 
 Seaman. 
 
 Twentieth InfaHtry — Co. K — George Barrett. Company 
 unknown — George Hofer. 
 
 CITI OF FOND DO LAC FIRST WARD. 
 
 FiTxt Infantry— Co. K— Millard Arnold, Col. C. H. De 
 Groat, Freeman H. Farr, Charles Kellogg, Patrick Mur- 
 ray, George J. Russell, Abram Rundell, Peter Rundell, 
 George Stewart, Capt. Henry Stone, Lieut. F. R. St. John, 
 Gustavus A. Scott. J. B. Wood. 
 
 Third Infantry— Co. A— John Bradley. Co. D— Will- 
 iam Harrison. 
 
 Fourth Infantry — Co. K — (]has. McGee. 
 
 Fifth Infantry— Co. E— Piatt J. Raymond. 
 
 Sizth Infantry — Co. E — Capt. Edwin A. Brown, J. L. 
 Bulzer, S. P. Green, Lieut. Albert AV. Re.xdcr. 
 
 Eighth Infantry — Company unknown — George Driggs. 
 
 Ninth Infantry — Co. C-— Vlichael Risch. 
 
 Twelfth Infantry — Surgeon Angle B. Carey. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry — Q. M. James T. Conklin, Ass't 
 y. .M. Delos Ward. Co. A — Charles Beers. Lieut. Henry 
 Durand, David A. Drake, Leonard Drake, Col. Eddy F. 
 
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HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 543 
 
 Twent'j-Jirst Infantry — Co. A — Thomas Smith, Aiiron 
 Sherwood. Co. F — Hugh Gary, Frank Cainisky, William 
 W. Potter. Go. H^Capt. George Burrows, Charles liergin, 
 William Bodine, Benjamin Cole, Uavid Lock, Timothy 
 Regan, Frederick Smith, Frank Skoomasky, J. Tate, A. 
 Van Valkenbnrg. 
 
 Tmrnlij-sittli InJ'anlnj — Co. E — Joseph .Arnold, Henry 
 Diener, Philip Zipp, Nicholas Kiefer, Albin Knolle, 
 Charles Steer, Frederick Sail, Michael Thuerwachter, 
 .Iiihn Waskuwi.sk, Ernst Wildfang. 
 
 Tnirti/'second Infmtri/ — Co. A — Augustus Br.lsted, 
 Lieut. S. L. Brasted, J. E. Hodges. Caleb S. Knott, 
 Palrock Kelcoyner. Co. H — James Farnsworth, Giles 
 Heathcote, William F. Jones, William Oliver, Jr., Ter- 
 rence Sniith, Frederick Walters. 
 
 Seond Pavalri/ — Co. A — George Beaver, Henry Docker, 
 Tliomas Fox, Charles Sherwood. 
 
 r/iird Civalf'i — Co. I — Henry Bannister. 
 
 Tweniy-eighth Illinois Jnfanlry — Co. C — J. P. Peunock, 
 
 A. S. Heizlil. 
 
 Sixth U. S. Infantry — First Lieut. James 6. Potter. 
 Fifteenth JJ. S. Infantry — Co. C — James Rush. 
 Reffiment i/nkno^cn — Lemuel Lawrence. 
 
 CITT OF FOND DP LAC SECOND WARD. 
 
 First Infantry — ^Co. K — Capt. Charles H. Benton, Capt. 
 Thomas Bryant, Ed McGlaclilin, Charles E. Marshall, W. 
 
 B. Ro s. Frank Ruth, Mnj. R. M. Sawyer. 
 
 Tti.rd Infantry— Q. M., S. E. Leffei'ts. Co. A— Thomas 
 Dvvids, H. Ebersou, Carl Lattimer, Charles Lord, Her- 
 man Opitz, AnsDn Welch. Co. G — -J. F. Hubbard, John 
 OLsen, 0. C. Ulsen, Albert Post. 
 
 Fifth Infantry — Co. I — R. S. Goldsborough, James 
 Essan, John Kalk, Charles Pfeiffer, B. H. Psuerger, 
 George Psuerger, Asa Smith. 
 
 Sixth Infantry — Brig. Gen. Edward S. Bragg; Musician, 
 .\bner H. Wadsworlh. Co. B — .Vdolph Kinttel. Co. E — 
 Bernard Krebs, N. K. Malroy, Andrew Shusler. 
 
 Ninth Infantry — Co. I — William Schulton. 
 
 Fiiurteenth Infantry — Co. A — S. D. Baker, John Brecker, 
 Sterling Peters, A. J. Scott, James Thomas. Co. F — 
 James Gorman. Co. H — James Pound. 
 
 Seventeenth Infantry — Co. C — John Ballniau, Thomas 
 I 'lark, Dmiel Doherty. William Davis, Alexander Mc- 
 Kane, Capt. Jlichael Mangan, Samuel Reed. Co. H — 
 Henry Tanner. 
 
 E ghteenlh Infantry — Co. A — W. T. Lyon. 
 
 Nineteenth Infantry — Co. ,\ — Willis Doyle. Co. D — D. 
 McFadden. Co. G — Joseph Whitmore. James Whitmore. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Q. M. H. C. Hamilton; Surgeon, 
 S J. Caro'lin. Co. A— King Flint. Co. F— William J. 
 Smith, R. C. Palmer, J. II. Gibson. Co. H— B M. Cole, 
 Capt. William A. Fargo, David Luck. W. H. Weber, John 
 Weber. 
 
 Twenty-fourth Infantry — Company unknown — Isaac M. 
 Story. 
 
 Ticenly-sixth Infantry — Co. E — Capt. Anton Kettler, 
 Alois Altman, Karl Arndt. Rudolph lireger, Charles C. 
 Bergen, Carl Berunie, Walendi Czamecki Adolph Eich- 
 nieier, Morris Fox, Henry Flemming, Reinhard Gaeibatz, 
 1*. Paul Glatzel, Malhias Haertle, Heinrich Herzog, 
 .lacob Hilgert, Paul Hannang, Christian Hageman, Fred 
 Kefer, George Krause, Reinhold Krause, August Krueger, 
 August Ludthe, Herman Lindemerth, Fred Laukow, 
 Heinrich Meier, Chiirles J. Meyer, John Ostertag, 
 William Rosenthal, Ha.is Rossmann, Carl Ruebsaman, 
 Carl Schmidt, Joseph Schmitz, Magnus Schneider, 
 
 John Schur, Fritz Schueler, John Schueler, Joseph 
 Slauber, August Stengel, William Schmidt. John Sporer, 
 Fritz Temke. Charles Woctzel, Christ Winklemann, Ferd- 
 inand Wolle, Joseph A. Zech, August Zuppcl. 
 
 Thirty-S'cnnd Infantry — Co. A — William Higgs. .James 
 Hayes, Robert Marshall, D. A. Morrison. Co. II — Frank 
 Conisky. James J. Dilley, .lames D. Dilly, James Hayes, 
 Horace E. Mann, Miles .''eeley, A. C. Tucker. 
 
 Second Cavalry — Co. A — N. C. King. 
 
 Fourth Cavalni — Co. B — Fred Stage. 
 
 Milwaukee Cavalry — Fritz Keeker, H. Feldlrappc, 
 Frank Veit, Fred Kresler, Christopher Boerkardh, Henry 
 Rabe. 
 
 Regiment unknown — Rowland Russell. Dennis Conroy. 
 
 Eighth Illinois Infantry — Co. I — Henry Pieiffer. 
 
 Fifiy-eyghth Illinois Infantry — S. C. Spore, Evert Rath- 
 bone, Henry Baker, Wasliineton L. I'ottis, 0. A. Fadden, 
 Ezra B. Foster; William Black. Otto Smith, John Mouk. 
 
 Si-re'-leenth Missouri Infantry — Co. H — Charles Snell, 
 Louis Konitz. 
 
 CITY OF FO.ND DU I,AC THIRD WAKI). 
 
 Maj. Gen. U. S. Vols., Charles S. Hamilton. 
 
 First Infantni — Company K — D. Chamberl.ain, Horton 
 H. Drury, .A.AV. Kent, Lieut. Homer G. Leonard, Alpheus 
 Morse, Charles L. Palmer, M. W. Peters, Lieut. Francis G. 
 Rice, Rufus G. Rice, Frank Rutcb, George E. Wood. 
 
 Third Infintry — Surgeon Don .\. Raymond. Company 
 A— Alexander Abrams, J. Chick. Henry Davids, John 
 Davids, Fred Eigert, N. C. Howard, John J. Jewell, T H. 
 Lepper, A. J. XlcCombs, J. E. Reuse. E. Shelby. August 
 Walton. Ernst Wilfonny. Company G — Frank (ilason,J. 
 W. Griffin, A. S. Augard, Wesley Norton. 
 
 Ffth Infantry — Company D — Samuel McConnell, A. .1. 
 Patcher. 
 
 Sixth Infan'ry — Company E — A .7. Deacon, B. D. 
 Swett, W. A. Wa lace, Capt. Reuben Lindley, James I^aw- 
 rence, Edward Seeman. ' 
 
 Seventh Infantry — Company I — Harrison Matliews. 
 
 Ninth Infantry — Company unknown — John Pomericb. 
 
 Tenth Infantry — Company H — William Lawrence. 
 
 Fourleenth Infantry — Surgeon W. H. Walker, Ciiaplain 
 Rev. J. B. Rogers. Company .-V — A. .\. Bradford, Ciiarles 
 E.Collins, John Corbin, Erskine llawley, Abraham Israel, 
 Capt. Charles L. Kimball, 0. S. Leonard, Kdward A. 
 Martin, Peter Meloxen, Ora Van Owen, H. H. Seymour, 
 Davis Sherman, .lames Van lliucklen, B. F. Witters. 
 Company II — Abel Hyde. Company K — Levi Annis. 
 
 Seventeenth Infan'ry — Company C^William Hope, John 
 Murray, W. V^an Brocklin. 
 
 Nimteenth Infintry — Company A^JIelanaton Hill, U. 
 Basselt. Company G — Jas. Crawford, Alexander Magie. 
 
 7'wrnty-fir.\t Infantry — Company \ — Lieul. Nathan 
 Leavilt, Michael Gillis, George H. McOmher, Duncan 
 McDonaM. Reuben S. Raven, Isadore C. Snow, H. C. 
 Taylor. Company F — Capt. Milton Ewen, Lieut. A. S. 
 Delaware, E. 11. Gould, John M. Wells. Company H — 
 B. F. Fuller, John Moak. 
 
 Tii'enty-sixth Infant'y — Company E — -Casper Bucchner, 
 William Fisher, Robert Hubalzschek, Charles Nicolai, 
 John Tomerick, John Reickart, Henry Romeg, AVilliam 
 Stange, Anton Vo?t. 
 
 Tnirty-serond Infantry — Company H — Levi L. Beers, 
 George E. Easton, Robert H. Marshall, Miles Schoolcraft. 
 Company II — Capt. William S. Burrows, W. B. Chase, 
 Horace E. Mann, H. H. Terry, Rona Roswell. Company I 
 — Edson II. Clark. 
 
 N 
 
544 
 
 HISTORY OF rOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Second Cavalry — Company II — John Chitlerling, Joseph 
 Miller, George Wilkins. 
 Regiment unknown — Charles Tanner, Augustus Hecker. 
 Fijty-eighih Illinois Infantry — (.'ompany G — Asa Foster. 
 
 CITY OF FOND DU I.AC FOURTH WARD. 
 
 First Inf.inlry — Co. K — Frank N. Baker, Jopall Dash- 
 man, H. Walters, John Doraty, Robert Morris, John 
 Wiley. 
 
 Second Infantry — Co. E — .Sylvester Pitcher. 
 
 Third Infantry — Co. A — -Myron Curtis, J. F. Dunevan, 
 A. Miller, Lorone Ritchards. Co. D — William Kidder. 
 Co. G — August McNarv. 
 
 Fifth Infantry— Co. "l— J. G. Garrity, D. P. Hart, 
 James Atckinson, S. T. Hall. 
 
 Sixth Infantry — Co. E — John Flood, John P. Hart, 
 Pibard, Francis King, Capt. Michael Mangan, J. L. 
 Mason, Albert W. Young. 
 
 Tentli Infantry — Co. K — Ezekiel Ramsay. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry — Co. A — N. C. Ridout, Lieut. Egbert 
 Little, David Pitcher, B. T. Simpson, John D. Steens, 
 Nicholas Young. Charles Williams. Co. C — John R. Burt. 
 Co. D— D. 0. Palmer, George R. Shephard. Co. E— Nel- 
 son Cummings. Co. F — John Flanders, Peter Locquer, 
 Robert Muir. Co. H— Abel Hide. 
 
 Seventeenth Infaiitry — Co. C — Michael Gill, ."Vlexander 
 Mechauah, Barnard Wells, Thomas Clark, Richard Curan, 
 David McMulligan, Patrick Murphy, Thomas Mibly, 
 Peter Forester, Henry Mederman, John Daiigherty, 
 John Bolen, Walter Mobly, Lawrence Welch, Hugh 
 Davey, Nicholas Barngar, .Michael Gorma, John Kermi- 
 cel.Capt. MariiuCurran.EdmondHarkins, Davis Harkins, 
 Edward McKorah, D. McLaughlin, John Ryan, John 
 Davis, Joseph Gangrian, Daniel Lyons, John Shay, Mat. 
 Fenon. Co. G — Enos Page. 
 
 Eiyliteenth Infaniry — Co. A — Paxan Smith, John Van- 
 berger. 
 
 Nineteenth Infantry — Co. A — E. C. Wheelock, Co. G — 
 Gustavus Kidder, Cyrus Kidder. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Co. A — George Bolds, Solomon 
 Comings, Hibard S. Chapman, Winwell Dufrane, Octa- 
 vius Darusha, Eugene Darusha, Eli Derusha, Oliver 
 Dolan, Autoine Deposs, Flora Deposs, Edward Derusha, 
 Lewis Derusha, Anthony Mountain, Joseph Greecy, 
 Mike Gillis, Jeremiah Holahan, Richard Peacock, Allen 
 J. Nash, Rhoderick Labell, Lewis Jarvis, Capt. Alexander 
 White, Harry Habble, Leonard F. Davis, Charles C. Henry, 
 David .Storey, Maj. Kelsey M. Adams, Thomas Rondo, 
 Henry S. Lee, Adolphus Page. Co. F — Warren .\llbright, 
 Cyrus C. Currier, Alexander Hurlburt. Co. H — Robert 
 Atkinson, Edw.ard T. Midgley, William Wingler, George 
 Hanvell, Giles Heathcote, Frederick Roach. 
 
 Ticenty-sixlh Infantry — Co. E — Xavier Brown, John 
 Brown, John F. Hagan, Nicholas Jenner. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. H — William H. Place. 
 
 First Cavalry — Co. B — A. P. Fish. 
 
 Second Caoalry — Co. A — E. Cropett, Philip Rodis. 
 
 CITY OF FOND DU LAC FIFTH WARD. 
 
 First Infantry— Vn. I— Tripley Harnois. Co. K — W. 
 E. Bessett, Isaac Gotchy. 
 
 Second Infantry — Co. K — James Doherty. 
 
 Third Infantry — ^Co. A — Anson Richmond. Co. K — 
 George F. Dailey, .loseph Gotchy. 
 
 F.fth Infantry — Co. I — Francis Gotchy, Joseph Ladu- 
 kcy. 
 
 Sixth Infantry — Co. E — Capt. J. B. Johnson, B. Smith. 
 
 Seventh Infantry — Co. F — Francis Beaudi'eau. 
 
 Tenth Infantry— Co. K— Albert Allen. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry — Co. A — William Harvey, Joha 
 Beecher, George Vanheuklin, A. Thorp, Ed Clark, James 
 E. Austin, Louis P. Laduke, Peter Laduke, Eli Laduke, 
 Henry Goslin. Egbert Liltle, John Coon, George Stevens, 
 Lieut. Edward Delaney, Jr., John fi. Miller, W. E. Comer. 
 Co. F — David P. Dean. George Gurrard, Francis Sey- 
 mour. Co. H — Peter Garrow. 
 
 Seventeenth Infantry — Co. C — Charles Doherty, Peter 
 McCannan, J. McNeferty. 
 
 Nineteenth Infantry — Co. G — F. W. Drake. 
 
 Tioenty-tirst Infaniry — Co. A — Lieut. Samuel Hotalling, 
 E. V. Childs, Rufus Johnson, Jackson'M. Hill, Jededi.ih 
 Hill, Edwin I'elton, John Defoes, John AI. Darley, John 
 Austin, M. J. Craw, F. M. Crasv, Sergeant Jewell, Ilenry 
 Jewell, Frederick Hercher, T. T. Miner, P. A. Maloney, 
 W. H. Cook, Grippet Laduke, Michael Gillis, Henry S. 
 Austin, John Carney. Co. F— Richard Killips. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. H — J. Laduke. 
 
 Thirty-fifth Infaniry — Co. I — F. Craw, Elvin Warner. 
 
 Second Cavalry — Co. A — Col. Napoleon Boardnian. 
 Edward Jewbert. 
 
 Third Cavalru— Co. B— William Eckel. Co. I— West 
 Knight, William Hopper. 
 
 Fourth Cavalry — Co. K — Charles McCarley. 
 
 Illinois Volunteers — Frederick Eekel. 
 
 CITY OF RirON FIRST WARD. 
 
 Third Infantry— Co. H — lack Haley. 
 
 Seventh Infantry — Co. B — Isaac Cooper. William P. 
 Woodruff. 
 
 Eighteenth Infantry — Co. F — David C. Woodruff. 
 
 Twent eth Infantry — Co. H — Perry C. Gunn, Stephen 
 Field, Col. Bertine Pinkney, Fred Auerst, E. A. Benedict, 
 A. H. Booth, J. H. Beamla, James Beynon, R. G. Chad- 
 burn, James Chadburn, Fred Creger, William E. Davies, 
 Moritz Everz,0. P. Fitzpatrick, John F. Hopkins, James 
 Hickley, August Henshalt, Miles Johnson, 0. R. Kinney, 
 W. E. Lamb, L. B. Parrueleer, De Witt Root, Isaac 
 Remro, Fred Shuler, John Sabalka, John E. Theban. 
 William Tyler, David Webber, W. H. .Miller. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Company unknown — Alden 
 Petre. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. B — Richard Craig, Jack- 
 son D. Quimby, W. E. Simmons, John A. White, Alson 
 Wood, Albert Bipley, George W. Quimby, W. H H. Val- 
 entine, Capt. R W. Hodges, T. H. Harvey, George W. 
 Jackson, J. M. Moore. 
 
 First Cavalry — Co. B — Col. Edward Daniels, .Maj 
 Hiram S. Town, Lewis E. Reed, Hiram Barles, Edward 
 Toron, George Hales, George Brown, Silas F. Hewitt, 
 Albert M. Townsend, Sanford W. Beckwith, John S. 
 Ingersoll Harrison Knowlton, William P. Stevens, John 
 Zimmerman, Oscar F. Potts, Milton Marvin. Co. E — 
 Walter Atwell, Daniel S. Pasco. Co. F — Samuel B. 
 Hurlburt. Co. H — Richard E. Demming. 
 
 Third Cavalry — Co. D — George Sethart. 
 
 Fourth Cavalry — Co. B — Josiah Burlingame, Gen. 0. H. 
 Grange, Henry W. Ross, William L. Griffith, Charles 
 Fletcher, Thomas Hales, John H. Lynch, William H.ales, 
 Wallace La Grange, Andrew La Grange, John Haffet, 
 Silas W. Marvin, William K. Wyckoff, Hanford Root, 
 Fred Schmidt, Herman .Stampel, Wilhelm Schmidt, D.an- 
 iel P. Brundage, Thomas S. t'ross. Clark Delano, Ed.ward 
 A. Ellsworth, David Green, John Kuehn. Richard < )ber, 
 William Gethar, .\ugust Lambe. 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 545 
 
 Third Battery — Thomas Lambert, Herman D. Pidmer. 
 
 CITT OF KIPON — SECOND WAKl). 
 
 First Infantry — Co. B — Charles G. I.yon. 
 
 Third Infantry — Company unknown — Adjt. L. H. D. 
 Crane, Rufiis A. Brown. 
 
 Fourth Infantry — Co. E — Charles F. Rivenburg. 
 
 Fifth Infantry — Co. A — teeorge A. Bentley, August 
 Keinert. 
 
 Ninth Infantry — Co. C — George Reynard, William 
 Konpot. Co. D — Herman Exner, William Tetzlaff, Fred 
 Wagner, Christian Lambricht, Carl Lambricht. ! 
 
 Sixteenth Infantry — Musician John Vincent, 
 
 Xmeteenth Infanlri/ — Maj. Alvan E. Bovay. Co. D— 
 Ferdinand Wartler. 
 
 Twentieth Infantry— Co. H — Capt. H E. Strong. Lieut. 
 George W. Root, August Drummond, William Klike, 
 .Tames Canaty, C. W. Collin, Edward Dames, Merritt B. i 
 Felton, John Foss, Mart Callmerton, Henry Greber, I 
 .James Howard, John F. Hopkins, William E. Davis, A. 
 E. Cheeney, William OXeil, Capt. George W. Muller, j 
 Patrick Calahan, (^harles A. Wentworth, E. Schoton, J. 
 L. Hill, Charles W. Catlin, Fred T. Hawley, August i 
 Halsburgh, John Hiel, Lorenzo Howard, C. X. Kibbey, 
 William Lambert, Fred Miller, Manley Mott. August 
 Nass, John Radasett, George H. Rye, J. H. Ransom, J. 
 R. Surgeant, John Sinclair, Barney Smith, K. M. Young, 
 August .Sabathel. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Company unknown — W. B. Car- 
 penter. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. B — John Growling, Will- 
 iam B. Carpenter, A. B. Everhard, A. S. Tabores, A. C. 
 Tober. 
 
 First Cavalry — Co. B — Capt. Henry .S. Eggleston, Jul- 
 ius Mustick, W. T. Davis, Christopher Demphetz, Charles 
 H. Russell, Moses A. Waldo, Charles L. Porter, Walde- 
 man Nelson, William M. Brown. Co. U — Oscar Barrett, 
 .John Seitz. Co. E— Capt. R. H. Chittenden, Thomas W, 
 Johnson. Co. L — Silas Hoosan, Horace C. Hoosan. 
 I'ompany unknown — William McCune, Henry Babcock, 
 Christopher Doreke, John Kronger, Orrin M. Smith. 
 
 Second Cavalry — Company unknown. — Daniel L. Reg- 
 ley. 
 
 F.iurth Cavalry — Co. D^ — Jeremiah Root, Edwin D. 
 McAllister, John Kurhn, Newton Chittenden, William T. 
 Whiting, (;harles BurraUlt, Charles Schullz, Darius L. 
 Kimball, Alfred .Medharst. John .M. Weston, Leon.ard 
 Stearns, Thomas B. Cross, Silas W. Butler. 
 
 Third Battery Liyht .lr(/Hfrv— Daniel l\ Smith, Paul 
 Gurgan, Thomas Randall, Ira E. Smith, Peter Troman. 
 
 Regiment unknown — Lyman Hall. 
 
 WAUPUN NORTU WABD. 
 
 First Regiment — ( o. H — Amasa W. Althouse. Co. I — 
 Thomas Sampey. 
 
 Second Infantry — Co. A — Nathan D. Pierce. 
 
 Third Infantry — Co. D — Fredrick Sheltzberger, .lohn 
 Shier, Denslow A. McCauley, Thomas O'Rily, George W. 
 Thompson, J. B. Harrington, Robert I,. Oliver, L. B. 
 Balcom, Edwin Thomson, Gilbert .Schow, Theodore J. 
 Dann, Rowland Ilotchkiss, Joseph Wilks, Bai'ry Smith, 
 Edward C. Whistler. 
 
 Tenth Infantry — Co. K — Nehemiah Cobb, Andrew 
 Schow, George Young. 
 
 Fifteenth Infantry — Co, D — .M.artin E. Fielastad, Chris- 
 tian Fleck, Even Schow, Christian Schow, Fin Gassman. 
 
 Xineteenth Infantry — Co. H — Stillman Goodenough, 
 
 William Goodenow, Amos (^ass, Paul Conrad, Cromwell 
 Laithe. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Co. G — Alfred A. Harding. 
 Company unknown — Daniel S. Hart. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. A — First Lieut. George G. 
 Woodruff, Martin B. Bull, Seymour H. Johnson, Joseph 
 W. Olliver, John H. Grandy, Henry Stephens. 
 
 First Cavalry — Co. A — John S. Beardsley, William P. 
 Ware. Co. B— Charles H. Koberts, J. T. Cleavland, 
 Truman W. Gee, Rawson P. Franklin. Co. I — James 
 Grady. 
 
 Ninth Battery Light Artillery — James A. Blanchard. 
 
 TOWN OF ALTO. 
 
 Third Infantry — Co. A — Rufus Brown, Delos G. Butts, 
 Wesley Butts, Alphonzo Hall, Charles H. Lindsley. 
 
 Thirty-secnnd Infantry — Co. A — Robert J. Eaton, 
 Charles F. Growler, Frederick Shannock, Gerrit Vander 
 Bee, Gerrit Ramaker, Gerrit Draagers, D. J. Korochat, 
 Gerrit W. Roerdink, Silas L. Hillyer, Henry W. Slapl- 
 rump, Jehn Geibink, Hart Van Beek, .Lames T. Beesi, 
 Ranson .A. Gaylord, George Lindsley, \\"illiam Lancks, 
 George Whiteman, Chester McDowell, Albert McTolcott, 
 Andrew Graham, James E. Hayward. Henry Van Hou- 
 ton. Co. B — Dean Woodin. 
 
 Pirtt Cavalry — Co. D — L. I'. Pond. 
 
 Third Cavalry— Co. C— Joseph Jeffreys, R. W. Smith. 
 Silas B. Tenney, George B, McMullen, Honer W. Pond, 
 George F. Pond, James B. Pond, Henry Wentworth. 
 Elwin Webber. 
 
 Fourth Cavalry — Co. B — James Ivers. Company un- 
 known — Seaman R. Hewett, Joseph A. Hewett, S. B. 
 Hewett. 
 
 TOWN OF ASUFORD. 
 
 Second Infantry — Co. K — Casper Bicker, John Schmitt. 
 John Seun, Jr., George Senn, Adolph Zernia, Edward 
 Lichtensteiger. 
 
 Fifth Infantry— Co. K — Jacob Rohrer, Henry Rohrer, 
 William Zimmerman, Milton Hayes. 
 
 Sixth Infantry — Co. E — Decator Nutble, Henry Lenett 
 Martin B. Hull. 
 
 Ninth Infantry — Co. D — John Ludwig, Gustav Dette. 
 Co. K — Andreas Tischhauser, Jr. 
 
 Twelfth Infantry — Co. D — Andrew Senn. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry — Co. A — Isaac Hendricks. Co. G 
 — Nelson Turner, L. W. Tuttle, Bostic Wransom, John 
 Bocos, Andrew Winegarden. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. A — R. B. Bull. Co. H 
 
 William Barnett, Calvin .Mills, Dilen Slator, Joshua Hel- 
 mer, J. A. Lawrence, Merritt Helnier. 
 
 Thirty-fifth Infantry— Co. B — Peter Golbach, Benja- 
 min Hendricks, John Krudwig, William Reinhardt, Fritz 
 Senft, Ulrich Tattle, Joseph Wagner. 
 
 Thirty serenth Infantry — Co. I — Charles fiOerkey. 
 
 Thirty-tighth Infantry — Co. A — William H. Weber. 
 
 First Cavalry— Co. G — Carroll Hayes. 
 
 Second Battery Arlillery— George Ranch, Albier Rauch, 
 John Jacob Engler. 
 
 Artillery — Priedrich Meyer. 
 
 TOWN OF AUBUUN. 
 
 Second Infantry — Co. K — Charles E. Downing. 
 Third Infantry — Co. A — Anson '^. Richmond." 
 Sixth Infantry — Co. C— John Marlifi. Co. E — Asa 
 Durfy. 
 
 Eighth Infantry — Co. A — Samuel Sanderson. 
 
54G 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COt'NTY. 
 
 Twf.Jfth Infantry— Co. D— Hdwin Nash, Frank B. 
 Wheeler, rhilaiuler Rand, Caleb Turner, Henry M. Gor- 
 deu, Vinal W. Norton, John T. Cosentine. Co. K — Phil- 
 ander Rand. 
 
 Fourteenlli Iit/antry — Co. — .John B. Mann. Co. G — 
 Benjamiu Lake, .Michael Kelley, Orin Brown, Lezer Sis- 
 cho, Marrion Lake, Edward Tulfle, 8ibus llawson, Ben- 
 jamin Burnett, Henry Brown, Henry Loomis. 
 
 Twen'y-Jirxt Infantry — Co. A — Edward Flynn. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. D — William H. Cosentine. 
 
 Thirty- fit! lull liij.ml'y — Co. F — Asa A. Uurfy. 
 
 Second Battery Artillery — Francis Cohn. 
 
 Reijiment unknown — Charles North, Amos H. Miller, 
 William B. Lake, .lohn Lake, Ransom Hyde, Jomes A. 
 Burnett, Demarieus Williams, Belgin Siscko, Abram 
 Cliilds, Ulaiis Miller, Bordman Childs. 
 
 TOWN OF BTEON. 
 
 First Infantry — Co. F — Isaac Newton. Co. K — -Mikel 
 Bowrok, Jolin Henze, .Jolin Wiley, Giistavus Scott, Will- 
 iam McCarthur, William McLane, Henry MoLanc, Simon 
 Jones, Charles Smith, Charles Palmer, John Oliver, 
 Andrew Breed. 
 
 Third Infantry — Co. D — Samuel Smith, William A. 
 Smith. Co. E— .lames 0. Ackerman, James H. Braman. 
 Co. 1 — George Hewens, George Fourmau, George Vanor- 
 man. 
 
 I''fth Infantry — Co. I — Elick Shipman 
 
 Ninth Infantry — Co. C — Charles Kearsdorfl'. Co. K — 
 Jacob (Hoffman. 
 
 Te'tth Infantry — Co. B — Hannibal Culver, Thomas 
 Leaman. Co. K — Albert Gibbs, John Calhounc, Joseph 
 Lidel, Charles Hatch, Horace Prentice. 
 
 Fourtcentli Infantry — Co. A — Charles Oseer, John M. 
 Dermott, Brevet Bri^. Gen. Lyman M. Ward, Harvey 
 Minick, Adam Shidell, Charles Abbey. Co. K — John 
 Snower. 
 
 Sevent'enth Infantry — Co. C— Patrick Miles, Joiin Fer- 
 guson, Millon Vanbrocton, Sidney S. Gibbs, Capt. P. 
 O'Connor. 
 
 Eiyhteenth Infantry — Co. A — Milton Hayes. 
 
 Ameteinth Infantry — Co. G — George Vaughan, Ilod 
 Vaughn, Luke Culver, Syras G. Brookins. 
 
 Ticenty-Jirst Ifantry — Co. A — David Dumprope. Co. F. 
 — Delos Allen, Chancey E. Wicks, Lot Holland, Jacob 
 Shidal, John Bell, Ch.arles Edgerley, John H. Limons, 
 Solomon F. Br.adlord, Luelen SulleflF, Jesse Tutlle, Rob- 
 en Abun. Erastus F. Phelps, Charles Sabins, James B. 
 Palmer, Alford J. Parsons, Robert Potter, Andrew I. 
 Pelton, Lewis H. Wood, Robert Alburn, Thomas Uillon, 
 Jasper Clark, John H. Butler, Norman Butler, Charlea 
 T. liUsan, Andrew Barr, Thotnas Karn. 
 
 Twenty-sixth Infantry — Co. E— William E. A. Krasuer, 
 S— — Brown. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. A — Oscar Clark, Patrick 
 Griffin, Hiram W. Morris, Thomas Michael, Sterling A. 
 Koss. Joseph McLane. 
 
 Thirty-jifth Infantry — Co. B — Robert Bowls, J.ason 
 Breed, James R. Chapin, George Gnlland, Silas Warner. 
 
 Thirty-seventh Inf. miry — (^i. H — Herman Schultz. 
 
 Thirty-eighth Infantry — Co. A — De Villiers B. Bar- 
 rows, Joseph C. Devens, Alberat A. Dye, Horace A. Hud- 
 son, Lieut. George .M. Pier, Charles W. Robbins, Edgar M. 
 Taylor, Benajah Taylor. 
 
 Second Cavalry — Co. A — .lames S. Lane. 
 
 Third Cavalry — Company unknown — -John Brown. 
 
 Regiment unknown — John Dyer. 
 
 TOWN OF EDEN. 
 
 First Infantry — Co. C — Pe'er Raher. Co. I — Albert E. 
 Root, .Samuel E Root. Co. K — John BuUinger.- John 
 Morehouse, Iltnry Bear, Camillus Smith, John E. Bol- 
 linger, Ammicus Smith. 
 
 Third Infantry — Co. E — Henry Clemens. 
 
 F'fth Infantry — Co. I — John Daniels. 
 
 Sixth Infantry — Co. E — Guilford Smith, Amos Lefler, 
 Frederick Baldwin. 
 
 Ninth Infantry — Drum Maj. John T. Bollinger. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry — Co. A — I'hine.as Ward, Mathias 
 W. Rand, Joseph Thomas, Albert Titus, James B. Titus, 
 George C. Denneston, Aaron Bear, Lucius Jones, John 
 Pervout, James Norman. Co. H — .John Perzua. 
 
 Seventeenth Infantry — Co. C — Pliilip Vaughn. 
 
 Twentieth Infantry — Co. H — ^Jolin Alexander. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Co. F — Chauncey Briggs. 
 
 Thirty-Second Infantry — Co. A — Lucius Balterson, John 
 Bigley, William Henry Frost, Frederick Hawsen, John 
 Wesley Frost. Co. II — Henry INLay, John Rhorse. 
 
 Thirty-fifth Infantry— Co. I— Reinhard Ballinger, Will- 
 iam H. Ensign, Reuben Penhallow. 
 
 Thirty-s xth Infantry — John Dumas, Peter Endranger, 
 Corp. Robert C. Morehouse, John Goom, Thomas E. 
 Goom, Job H. Goom. 
 
 Thirty-eiylith Infantry — Co. A — John Grey, Josephus 
 Titus, Alonzo Van Guilder. 
 
 Second Cavalry — Co. A — Dwight G. Beagle. 
 
 TOWN OF CALUMET. 
 
 First Infantry — Compauy unknown — Jacob Holz- 
 knecht. 
 
 Fifh Infantry— Co. I— Frank Bizelle, David P. Hart, 
 William Reed, Ohou Morton, Butler TaUnadge, Sanders 
 Wheelock. William Billings, Ben Fuller, Ichabod Wood. 
 
 Six'h Infantry — Co. H — lacob Fay. 
 
 Ninth Infantry — Company unknown — Bernard Burk- 
 hardt. 
 
 Nineteenth Infantry — Co. G — John S. Harris, Thomas 
 Clark. Michael .\Ianahan, Frank Billings, Charles Blakes- 
 ley. Charles Cook. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Co. A — Charles Chase, Russel 
 
 Talmadgc, Frank Everts. Company unknown — 
 
 llausch. 
 
 Twenty-sixth Infantry — Co. E — John Schiller, Magnus- 
 ser Schneider, Lausens Berg, George Sililien, Matthias 
 Snyder, Paul Hammond, Matthias Hartly, Henry Flam- 
 n)ang, Philip Iluebsaamen. 
 
 Thirly-nizth Infantry — Co. G — Sergt. Hiram Linsley, 
 Arthur F. Adams, Grisel Bulman, John W. Dick, Benja- 
 min Dick, Franklin Goutermout, Orville A. Hart. 
 
 Second Cavalry — Co. A — A. H. Hammer. 
 
 Fourth Cavalry — Co. K — John Billings. 
 
 Reyiment unknown — Wil iam Dougl.as. ( Christian Portz. 
 
 Fifth United States Artillery — Anton Zeng. 
 
 TOWN OF ELDORADO. 
 
 First Infantry — Company K — Charles Br.iinard, Frank 
 Billington, William Mills, John Dougherty. CoTiipany 
 unknown — Henry Druerer, Edward Edwards, Thomas 
 Kelley. 
 
 F'fieenth Infantry — Company C— John Stephens, Har- 
 vey Hall. 
 
 Seventh Infantry — Company C — David Dougherty, 
 Michael Le Hay, Patrick McLoughlin, James Sundry, 
 John Coyne, Edward Gary. 
 
IIISTOin' OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 547 
 
 Eighteenth Infantry — Company F — Willard Kelton, 
 George Gould, Benjamin Peckman, Fredrick Harlony, 
 Ambrose Felton. Company A— Jumes Gibbs. Company 
 unknown — Edward Watson, Uriuh Felton. 
 
 Nineteenth Infantry — Co. K — John Wagoner, Albert 
 Wesinberg. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Co. A — Charles Bodoh, Mosea 
 Orendi, Adonijah Benedict. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. H — Benjamin Phillips, 
 .lohn Cowham, Jr., Willi.am Smith, Edward Rogers, 
 Fredrick Henry, John S. Pygall, Lucas Kendall, Robert 
 Monroe, Thomas .■Vrthur, .\lpheus Palmer, John Howham, 
 William Frederick, .Albert Ilauke. 
 
 Thirty-sixth Infantry— Qo. G— Charles H. Bartow, Vol- 
 ney Bartow, John Bowe, John Dassow, Samuel L. Dennis- 
 ton, Robert Felridge, Frederick Kroenig, William Kruger, 
 Ji>hn Moran, Charles Myers. 
 
 Thirty-seventh Infantry — Co. H — William Schmitt. 
 
 First Cavalry — Co. A — George Madison. Co. B — Wal- 
 ter Felton. Company unknown — James Barnett. 
 
 Second Cavalry — ^Co. A — Capt. William Woods, Thomas 
 Woods, Charles Adamson, Isaac (^ ajrgett. Nelson Lewis, 
 Andrew J. Palmer, Melvin Duel. Klisha Crossett, W. S. 
 Ball, Sylvester Sherman, R. E. Hope, Fredric Wier, Peter 
 Murray, Henry C. Jones, Neil Bell, Anton Finkham, 
 Andrew Lowrie, Da%'id Lowrie, George Marcy, John 
 McCumber, Henry C. Wilson. 
 
 Fourth Cavalry — Co. B — Hiram Wheeler. 
 
 TOWN OF EMPIRE. 
 
 First Infantry — Co. I — Matthew Emerson. Co. K — 
 .Toseph Henry, Andrew Bear. 
 
 Fifth Infai.try—Va. I— Thomas Key.s, Milo Scofield, 
 George E. Davis, Barnard Phlear, .-Vlonson Lyons, Clinton 
 Pierce. G. Phlear, Peter Sybel, Thomas Garrity, Barnard 
 Campbell. 
 
 Fjurteenth Infantry — Co A — William Wilcox. Co. E — • 
 William Titus.' Co.' H— Patrick .McCoy, George Clark, 
 William Stevens, Matthew Larne. Company unknown — 
 Andrew Prentiss. 
 
 Seventeenth Infantry — Co. C — Barnard Wells, Thomas 
 Clark. 
 
 E ghteenth Infantry — Co. A — William Lyons, Luman 
 Daniels, Col. Edward Colman, Anthony Brown. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Co. A — John Gatfney, Michael 
 Lessling, Joseph Strong, Capt. Martin Strong, Abner 
 Briggs. Co. F — Charles T Wyman, Chauncey Briggs. 
 Co. H— Leonard Briggs, D. T. Alden, Asa Baker. Com- 
 pany unknown — Joseph Hooks, Anthony Gable. 
 
 Twen'y-sizlh Infantry — Co. E — Philip Schriedr, Fred- 
 erick Witzel, Francois Kneiri, Charles Shaffer. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. A — loseph Clark. Co. H 
 — Calvin Fletcher, Vincent Hirsch, Daniel W. Treleven, 
 George Keys. William Hampton, George Frederick Booth. 
 
 Thirty-etyhth Infantry — t.'o. A — William W. AVjlcox. 
 
 First Cavalry — Company unknown — Byron Wheeler. 
 
 Second Cavalry — Co. A — George S. Phelps. 
 
 TOWN OF FOND DU I.AC. 
 
 First Infantry— Co. A— Col. Delos Krake. Co. I— Geo. 
 R. Gates. Perley Wilson. Co. K— Capt. T. H. Green, 
 C. H. Chapman. Andrew Breed, Frank Baker. .John B. 
 Bower, Henry Strader, George Henry Clark, Charles W. 
 Ackley, William Wheelwright, Patrick Martin, Capt. Cris. 
 Klock, George Kloek, O. F. Brand, .John J. Seymore, 
 W. T. Hyde, G. W. Hyde, Augustus Brush, William 
 Lowe. Col. C. K. Pier. 
 
 Third /nfantry—Co. A— George W. Tanner, Frank Tan- 
 ner, Stephen Nichols. 
 
 Ffth In/antry—Co. C— Edward Felton. Co. I— Isa- 
 dore .Marco Dwight Haywood, William Dolan, Alfred M. 
 Green, David Hart. 
 
 Sixth Infantry — Co. E — John Weymier. 
 
 Twelfth Infantry— Co. I— Albert E. Higbee. 
 
 Fourte-nth Infantry — Co. A— D. Elderedge, W, D. 
 Colms, W. W. Wilcox, Alexander Clendening, Thomas 
 Hatcher, B. H. Powers, James Powers, William A. Simp- 
 son, Joseph King, Jr., H. H. Seymore, Frederick Steady. 
 
 Co. F— Alexander . Co. H— M. H. Powers, D. C. 
 
 Busch, John Perguay. Co. K — William Titus. 
 
 Sevcntemlh Infantry — Co. C — George Robinson. Co. 
 C— D. Hamel. Co. K— Henry Cribner. 
 
 Eijhieenth Infanl'-y — Co. A — A. H. Williams. Company 
 unknown — Denis Whitford. 
 
 Nineteenth Infantry — Company unknown — Andrew 
 Gibson. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Co. A — Moses Rendo, Miles 
 .Schoolcraft, Frank Marco, David Ackernian. J. Jangaw. 
 Co. F — Theron Dibble, John Brown, Virgil Peck, Wesley 
 Frost. Co. H — Andrew J. Ilydc, Joseph N. Hyde, John 
 Johnson, H. Ackerman, Edw^ird Dunn, Benjamin Powell, 
 John Gilman, Eugene Gaeha, Thomas Fronthouse, John 
 Gilman, Richard S. Morton, Thomas Perkins, Thomas 
 Lyman, James W. Steffen, Irvin Meeker, Silas P. Hall, 
 John B. Milchel, .John Melody, William Hardiiig. 
 
 Twenty-sixth Infintri/ — Co. E — Adolph Miller, Charles 
 Hermann, Christian Rumpel, Agus Capfer, George Mil- 
 ler. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. A — Capt. John Klock, Lieut. 
 E. B. Crofoot, E. L. Crofoot, Stephen Demar, Robert H. 
 Murter, George Chase, John Tripp, James Pedix, Augus- 
 tus Beasted. Co. II — .Joseph Galland, George Alartin. 
 Lieut. George W. King. 
 
 Tiiiriy-fifth Infantry — Co. B — First Lieut. F. R. St. 
 John, Henry Steady, Henry Clark, Charles Raston, Perry 
 Oldekirk, Herbert T. Arnold. Clark Davis, Elisha Ester- 
 brooks, Lewis Fry, Abel Hyde, .Adam Hitsman, Fred- 
 erick Mitchell, John .Mathers, Edward P. Odekirk, Joseph 
 A. Odekirk, John Oulson, John E. Shay, William Titus, 
 John Warner. Co I — Capt. Lym.an P. Everdell, Charles 
 T. Stringland, Jacob Helgerl, Henry L. Longstrect, 
 William Bennett, John II. Bennett, James W. Curran, 
 .John Flood, Silas Ferguson, Stephen HoL-vling, Jams 
 Hammer, Richard H. Hart, Thomas Kreeville, Eugene 
 M. Lawry. 
 
 Thirty-sixth Infantry — Co. — Capt. Reuben Lindley, 
 .Jonas Crites, Matthew Gearhart, John Hortoo, William 
 Horton, Peter Kommers, James Malthouse, Elias A. 
 Kundell, Rona B. Roswell, Wilbcr Stone, David B. 
 Willis. 
 
 Thirty-seventh Infantry — Co. B — Joseph Erd, .Jacob 
 Schreiler. Co. G — .James E. Andrews, Freeman Thomas, 
 Co. H — Sergt. Edward H. Ehle, Chiistian Schusten. Co. 
 I — Zenas ALaxim. 
 
 Thirty-Eiyhih Infantry-Co. A— Col. C K. Pier, Capl. 
 Charles T. Carpenter, Ilackley Adams. .John Ames. .John 
 I P. Andrews, Geo. Aures, Maj. Isaac Burcli, Martin Besau, 
 [ Charles F. Childs, Nelson Cumming.si, Henry -\. Chase, 
 Lyman Hull,. lohn W. Hutchinson. John V. Jewell, Lieut. 
 Egbert H. Little, Edward T. Odekirk. Henry R. Prudent, 
 George W. Ramsey, Delancy B. Ribbs, Gilbei-t A. Ran- 
 dell, William J. -Jtewart, (Charles E. Scars, Henry M. 
 Soper, Freemnn H. Sackett, Henry F. F. Tallniadge. Ela 
 C. Waters, Jonn M. Wells, F.lias J. Whitney. Co. F — 
 Capt. Erasmus W. Pride, George Hammer. 
 
548 
 
 HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 First CaualTt/ — Co. B — Charles F. Edo;erton, Walter G. 
 Felton, Allien P. Kendall. Co. G — Elihu Coleman, ("o. 
 K — John A. Turner. 
 
 Second f'avalri/ — Co. A — .James Kerns, William Woods, 
 Thomas Woods, .Jr., Gohn G. .Simpson, Benjamin H. 
 Taber. 
 
 TOWN OF FOREST. 
 
 First Infantry — Co. A — R. A. Hart. 
 
 Third Infantry — Co. 15 — ('harles R. Barrager. 
 
 Fifth. Infantry — O. I — William Norton, Austin F. 
 Barnes, W. H. Mead. 
 
 Eighth \nfaniry— Co. B — Seymour EUickson, William 
 (!arey. 
 
 Tenth Infimtri/ — Co. A — Mortin)er Adams. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry — ('o. H — George Williams, Hiram 
 S. Uddy, Delbert IJennett, William R. Gibson, William 
 S'evbe, E. P. Mead, Holliind Hamblin, Miles Hamblin, 
 II. C. Hamblin, D. M. (.'asson, Jr., John F. Procer, Albert 
 H. McKeen. Adin Gibson, Martin Elliott, John Shaw, 
 George Clifton, Milton R. Barnes, Andrew W. Prentice, 
 E. M. Moore, Thomas (loss. Francis Owens, D,ivid Rogers, 
 (Jharles Rogers, Harvey Wright, R. B. Vanvalkenburgh, 
 Charles W. Gibson. 
 
 EighUen'h Infantry — Co. A — Anson Williams, Peter 
 Elam, William E. Chase. Charles Berchtel. 
 
 Nineteenth Infantry — Co. Iv — William W. Gardiner. 
 
 Twenty-first infantry — (_'o. A — William Mars. Co. B — 
 Martin Strong, Co. H— ^Harrison ("ampbell. 
 
 Twenty-sixth Infantry — Co. E — Charles Schafers. 
 
 Twenfy-S' ven'th Infantry — ( 'o. B — James Rogers, William 
 Monk, 6. H. Silver, Era B. Sabins, 
 
 Thirty-secund Infantry — Co. H — Vincent Hersch, Mattis 
 Hoff, August Vogt, J. D. Foster, I'atrick Redman, Jamea 
 Shaw, Peter Bartell, Mertis Snyder, James Hampton, 
 William J. Hampton. 
 
 Tliirly-eiyhth Infantry — Co, F — Thomas Carty. 
 
 Twelfth U. S. Infantry — James Hall. 
 
 TOWN OF FRIE.MISHIP. 
 
 First Infantry — <!harles Smith. 
 
 Fimrteenlh Infantry — Co. A — Joseph Tondre, Nathaniel 
 Parks. Co. B — Joseph Barrow. 
 
 Sevntrenth Infantry — (.'o. C — Barney Harkins, Charles 
 Carberry, .Tames Gallagher, .John Carmicle, George Robin- 
 son, Daniel McMonigal, Charles Dougherty, James Ros- 
 siter, Francis Murry, .John Murry, Daniel McTanylin, 
 John Davis, John Stoddart. 
 
 Eighteenth Infantry — Co. A — Barnett Kelly. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Co. A — Celestine Henry, Octa- 
 vus Derusia, Frank Derusia, Edward Derusia, Joseph 
 Betegore, Moses Gunoch, Newell Dufrain. 
 
 Taienty-sixth Infantry — Co. E — Reinhold Krauser, Will- 
 iam Rosendale. 
 
 Tairty-sec'tnd Infantry — V.o, H — ^John E. Smith, Wesley 
 Bessey, Jacob Cliny, Miles Seely. 
 
 Thirty-^ixlh Infantry — Co. G — Joseph Tatro. 
 
 First Cavalry — Co. A — David McLeod. Company un- 
 known — Lyuian Walker. 
 
 Seco?id Cavalry — Co. A — Germain MuUer, Isadore 
 Dufrain, Henry Dollen, Napoleon Inbret, Antay Inbret. 
 
 fllinois Cavalry — Inlian Inbret. 
 
 TOWN OF I.AM.IRTINE. 
 
 First Infantry — (.'o. K— Strabo Duell, (.'harles Delang, 
 Waloott jlide, Thomas Walters, George Stowe, Cyrenus 
 Matieson, Joseph Hide. Company unknown — J. Pros- 
 ser. 
 
 Third Infantry — Co. A — Alford Walton. Warren Otter- 
 son, Orman Otierman, Philemen Welch. Co. B — Job 
 Clark. Co. D — Jackson Buskerk, William Young, Jacob 
 Sny<ler. Company unknown — Dr. Temple. 
 
 Fifth Infantry — Co. I — Henry Osburn. Company un- 
 known — Andrew Ross. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry — Co. H — Charles (.'ollins, Francis 
 Laundry, Emerson Spafford, R. L. Edson, Harrison 
 Clark, Rogers Pierce, Washington Ellis, Chauncey Wide- 
 man, William Wideman, Lorance Miller, Jacob Wideman, 
 Co. E — Ira Smith. Co. H — Chauncey Recel. Co. K — 
 John Earling, Leonard .Shaw, Jeremiah Harrington, 
 George W. Ellis. 
 
 Seventeetith infantry- — Co. C — Richard ( 'arn. 
 
 Eighteenth Infantiy — Co. A — Capus A. Whitmore, Will- 
 iam I^oden, .John Jameson, Henry Cutler, George Cutler, 
 Daniel Baily, Asa Otlson, Leander llibbard, John Ferril, 
 Charles Lee, John Jameson. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Co. A — David Golchin. Co. F — 
 J. Bigford. Co. H — William R. Brown, William Mar- 
 shall, .Jacob Miller, John Malady, Richard Horton. 
 
 Twenty-sixth Infantry — t.'o. E — Frank JTeheling, .John 
 Snow, Rudolph Wohlgemuth, Andrew Cronk, William 
 Smith. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. A — John Hubbard, William 
 Zelkey, .leremiah Weser, Elwin Racy. , Co. B — E. D. Sco- 
 tield, A. -M. Scofield, Selim Fasco, Jason Smith. Co. H 
 — Jay H. Fancher, George Baxton, Willard Baxton, Wor- 
 den Brown, Solomon Merril, C. N. Pease, C. N. Pasco, 
 Lucas Kendall, Michael Merril, John Gitfey. 
 
 Thirty-sixth Infantry — Co. G — \\'illiam R. Bartlett. 
 
 First Cavalry — Co. D — Henry Edson, Ratio Elliot, 
 Lorin Pasco. Co. E — Norman Hodge. Comp.any un- 
 known — Peter Everling, Lawrence Kelch, Moses Canady. 
 
 Second Cavalry — Co. A — James Carn, U. H. Stranigan, 
 William 11, Stranigan, James .McFetridge, Daniel .McFet- 
 ridge, John McFetridge. Company unknown — William 
 Lee. 
 
 Fourth Cavahy — Co. B — George F. Clark. 
 
 Regiment Unknown — Nelson Camens, l.,ewi3 Everling, 
 ■Tames Share. 
 
 TOWN OF MF.TOMEN. 
 
 First Infantry — Co. C — .Tames Parker. 
 
 Third Infantry — Co. A — (^harles Kedburg, Frank Red- 
 burg, Dennis Washburn. Co. D — H. M. Collins, .\1- 
 phonzo Hall. 
 
 Eleventh Infantry — Co. I — L. D. Laughlin, Nicholas 
 Myer, Jr. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry — Company unknown — Michael Ha- 
 ley. 
 
 Seventeenth Infan'ry — Co K — William Bugbee. 
 
 Eighteenth Infantry — Company unknown — Marshal 
 Tenney. 
 
 Twentieth Infantry — Co. H — John Henrickson. 
 
 Thirty-sec'iiid Infantry — Co. X — Harrison Carter, Asa 
 Holmes, .John II. Brown, William Grapfe, George Wight- 
 man, Charles .Mondwell, Luke Williams, Christopher 
 Gibbs, Christoph Fendry, Chrisiian Priem, John Bruce, 
 Rezin Nelson, Jr. Co. B — William Sanders, Girden 
 Webster, Elcott B. Loomis, J. W. Osborn, George Bugbee, 
 Lyman .\l.arsh, Canfield .M.arsh, Darius Bugbee, J. D. 
 Woodin, William .Marsh, Thom.as M. Colcord, Fr.ank 
 Munn, Thomas Osborn, Eddy Parks, Barney Smith, 
 Joseph Sumner, William Poach, Dwight P. Hitchcock, 
 George Palton, Henry Rand, .Martin Frank, Iiouis Behn- 
 ker, S. P. Shoefelt, Cornelius Conistock, B. F. Sheldon, 
 A. M Bly, Edward Pearse, David Brown, James Hickey, 
 Wesley Ingles, Stephen D. Johnson. 
 
HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 549 
 
 F^rsi Cnvalri/ — Co. I — Erasmus Pride, Byron Pride, 
 Elisha Walras, Lewis .James. Co. K — Ubert Drelier. 
 Company unknown — Olis Paries, Daniel Parks, .Joseph 
 Parks, Parley Sanders, AVilliam Bugbee. 
 
 Thrd Cdiyalrii — Co. C — Zenas Mann, .lohn McPhail, 
 Gurden Bisbee. George Hayward, Henry Martin, Thomas 
 LeMcli, Charles Nelson, Eugene Ely, George Sliufelt. Co. 
 II — lames Bremer. 
 
 F'lurth Cavaln/ — Co. B — lames Wapon, Thomas Run- 
 nals, Charles Fletcher, Eugene Pride, G. W. Carter, D. S. 
 Crop. 
 
 Third Batten/ ArliUert/ — Thomas Tempenden, Menry 
 A. Weymouth, I'atrick Fitzpatrick, Dana Strong, .James 
 Carter, Harvey Burdick, Stafford Edgerlon. 
 
 Regiment Unknown — William Smith, J'rederick Smith. 
 
 TOWN OF OAKFIELD. 
 
 First Infantry — Co. D — Solomon Howard. Co. K — 
 Frederick Owen, Edward Durhey, Robert Navens, .John 
 Foster, William Thompson, William Cooper, .lohn Ladair, 
 Company unknown — Peter Rapier. 
 
 Third Infantrji — Co. D — Zena Banker, William Hagan, 
 Levi Close. .Jeremiah Close, .\. .J. Buskirk, Norman Hig- 
 gins, Charles E. Alderman, William II. Parson, Sheldon 
 Atkins, Alvin Neal. ('o. E — Alexander Bazett, William 
 Hagerman, S. 0. Bishop. Co. K — Roswell Fladson. 
 F'fth Infiintr;/ — Co. I — William P. Brown. 
 Sixth Inf.intry — Musician Abner II. Woodsworth, Mu- 
 sician Charles Bouton. Co. D — .Jackson Swift. Co. E — 
 .John II. Burne, '.Jonathan Stoddard, Charles McCannon, 
 Smith Spencer. 
 
 Tenth Infantry — Co. B — William Lane, John Lane, 
 Charles Blackburn. Co. D — Gilbert Grosbeck, Mortimer 
 Bouton. Co. K — Charles Hadson, L. A. Bishop, Delos 
 Hatch, Christopher .Jacobs, Silas Stuart, Ephraim 
 Atckins, George W. Norton, Byron V. Swan, George 
 Madison, Albert Madison. 
 
 Fuurteenlh Infantry— Co. A — .John R. Burt. Miller S. 
 Russell. Co. ' F— William Parkhill. Co. H— Dewit 
 Bnrcli. Company unknown — Levy Annis. 
 
 Nineteenth Infantry — Company unknown — .James Miles. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Co. F — Lafayette Bade, .John 
 Cater, Oscar Willard, Charles Susan, William Obryan, 
 James Erwin, Orlando T. Comstock, Walter McKnight, 
 Charles Prescott, Luther Clark, Eli .Monteith, John 
 Underwood, Capt. Edgar Conklin, Gerry Lewis, Cornelius 
 Tunison, Francis E. Sikes, Joseph Palinson, Augustus 
 .John, Henry Resedorph, Joseph Buskirk, William 
 Thwing, Jeremiah Smith, John Smith, Thomas Gafney, 
 Peter Thomas, Elias Hale, David Hale, Leroy Bennett, 
 Henry Porter, Marvin Hatch, James Varnold, Charles F. 
 Brown, Charles E. Ripley, James Wagner. Co. H — 
 George W. Whitaker. 
 
 Thirty-sixth Infantry — Co. G — Capt. William II. Lane, 
 First Lieut. Wlnfield S. Leach. 
 
 First Cavalry — Co. B — Samuel Banker. Co. D — Caleb 
 Frisbey. 
 
 Third Cavalry— Co. I— James Whilker, William Whit- 
 aker. 
 
 First Battery Light Artillery — Alvin W, Clark, Elisha 
 Carrier. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. A — Howard Preston, Henry 
 Preston. 
 
 TOWN OF OSCEOLA. 
 
 First Infantry — Co. E — William Palmer, Joseph Palmer, 
 Albert Gray. Co. K — Byron K. Longstreet, I'aul Crites, 
 Isaac Crites. 
 
 Sixth Infantry— Co. E— N. Gaffiiey, John Shey, Maz 
 Garfield, Drias Garfield. 
 
 Eighth Infantry— Co. B — John Eaduting. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry — Co. A— S. Ferguson, Justus 
 Jones, E. Bassett. Co. G— Samuel Bump, II. Brown, 
 Richard Hodges, James Davis, William A. Southard. Co. 
 H — Oliver Cook, Marvin Bratt, Jerome Sekins, E. Guli- 
 gan, Henry Guligan. Co. I — Stephen Gray. 
 
 Seventeenth Infantry— Co. C— Richard Leeher, A. 
 0' Brain. Co. E— Joseph Gaffney. John Hughes. 
 
 Twentieth Infantry — Co. G — Philip Howard. 
 
 Twenty-first Infantry — Co. A — Thomas Gaffney, John 
 Gaffney. 
 
 Tiirtyfifh Infantry— Co. B— John W. Hall. 
 
 Thirty-sixth Infanliy — Co. G — George Johnson. 
 
 TOW.N OF MARSHFIEI.D. 
 
 Twentieth Infantry— Co. I — August Diegelmann, Peter 
 Maier. 
 
 Thirty-sixth Infantry — Co. G — Charles Bergin. 
 
 TOWN OF KH'O.V. 
 
 Ninth Infantry — Co. H — John Kingshort. 
 
 Eleventh Infantry— Co. E— I'hilo B. Sage. 
 
 Eighteenth Infantry — Company unknown— Joseph R. 
 Wadson. 
 
 Twentieth Infantry— Co. G — David Walford. Co. H — 
 — John Sargent, Lorenzo Forbes, I. S. Hendrickson, 
 Charles Markham. Lewis St. George, Dexter Shute, 
 William Oliver, William Pierce, Charleij Pierce, John 
 Caveneaugh. Charles Volitz, E. 'Bradway, Jo.seph L. 
 Brown, Philo Sage, Herman Eversy, Frederick Miller, 
 Napoleon B. H. Beaulieu, Isaac Reneau, Base l»ay, 
 August Bolan, John Brassiett, Oscar Bigsbee, John 
 Basso, Anthony Fountain, Peter Nimms, Frederick Shel- 
 don, .James Hesler. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. A— Thomas Delano. Co. 
 B — Rufus S. Carter, David Brown, Edward Kennedy, 
 Aaron Haste. 
 
 Forty-first Infantry— Co. B — Capt. William T. Whitney, 
 First Lieut. William II. II. Valentine, Second Lieut. 
 George Perkins. First Scrgt. Nelson Bowerman, Second 
 Sergt. Warham P. Rix. Fourth Sergt. Harris P. Welcome, 
 Fiftli Sergt. Charles Hyde, First Corp. Charles Cow.an, 
 Fourth Corp. Edward D. Olmsted, Fifth Corp. Amasa 
 H. Van Kirk, Sixth Corp. Isaac C. Booth, Seventh 
 Corp. Edwin F. Baley, Eighth Corp. Charles S. Brock- 
 way, Wagoner William F. Butler, Charles M. R. Atwell, 
 John J. Brown, John Bibinger, John B.arnett, Hiram C. 
 Barker, Merwin A. Baldwin. Seth M. Coles. Elisha B. 
 Camp, Eugene M. Dunning, Ervine E. Delano, Francis 
 H. Donovan, Lewis C. Elliott, Cook Ely, Edwin Eaton, 
 Hiram G. Freeman, Oscar D. French, Charles G^ Ilar- 
 shaw, Willi.am Hamer, Wye Haskins, I'hilip Hales, Ed- 
 ward M. Hoffman, James Jame.son, Leonard C. Jones, 
 Alanson W. Latham, Martin V. Morse, Thomas L. 
 McDonald, Charles Medhurst, Charles H. Osborn, James 
 K. Parks, Albert Rolfe, William L. Sherman, Henry A. 
 Smith, Freilerick Shute. Frank Trembly. George Trem- 
 bly, Reginald E. Toll, William II. Turner. William M. 
 Walker, John Welch. William 11. Wright, Charles Wells, 
 Walace C. Whitney, David Williams. 
 
 Forty-seventh Infantry — Co. I — George Adkins, Horace 
 L. Chadbourn, Waller S. Curtis, George Cooper, David 
 Drummond, George F. Deming, Frank English, Lewis C. 
 Elliott, .lared Freeman, James D. Gibson, Patrick Hurley, 
 Amlrew Harty, Charles G. Harshaw, Christian Krupiasky, 
 
550 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Peter Kernel, Henry Martin, William Maliouey, Howard 
 L. Miller, Albertis H. South, Cliarles F. Sliute, Edward 
 Tempest, George Tyriver, Charles Tyriver, James Thorn- 
 dike. 
 
 First Cavalry — Co. 15 — Smith Diiley, Theodore Widgen, 
 William West, Evander M. Lawrence, Charles N. Sanders, 
 Harry Adams, Daniel West, Ira Ad.ams, .John Brown. 
 Co. C— Cliarles Sweet, .John West, Ira 0. Tuttle. Co. 
 D — John Deacon, David Ackley. Co. E — Oscar Prenk, 
 Eugene Prenk, Robert Stewart. Co. F — .Leonard Mowers. 
 Co. G — David Huves. Co. K — (jharles Fero. Company 
 unknown — Parlin Sanders, Henry Pert, Michael O'Neil, 
 Walter (). Hargrave. 
 
 Fourth Clival ry — Co. B — Joseph W. Henderson, George 
 W. Miller. Henry Bowerman, Melvin E. Sage, Frederick 
 Scnnge, William Evans, Cornelius Forbes, Charles Piper. 
 Co. D — Henry Gleason. 
 
 Eii/hth Baitery Light Artillery — William Johnson. 
 
 TOWN OF ROSENU.iLE. 
 
 First Infantry — Co. I — Byron Wheeler. 
 
 Third Infantry — Co. B — Miijor Bertine Pinkney, John 
 Slignian. Company unknown — Henry Woodruff. 
 
 Fifth Infantry — Co. D— Eli ,Macu. 
 
 Sevenih Infantry — Company unknown — Francis Curtis, 
 
 Ninth Infantry — Company unknown — William Tetzlilf. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry — Co. K — William Sears, E. R. 
 Abbott. 
 
 E'yh'eenlh Infantry — Co. H — Septimus Lathrop. 
 
 Nmelienlh Infantry — Co. G — Cliarles Oder. 
 
 Twentieth Infantry — Co. H — James A. Eddy, Alfred 
 Burt, Richard M. You> g, James C. Lawson, Gilbert Wil- 
 son, Daniel I'etre, Edmund Perkins. Lorenzo Forbes, 
 Triffly Lewis H.arness, Prosper Martell, William Lam- 
 drick, Chri^t. Harlzburn, August Naest, Calvin Hyde. 
 John Bassett, Morgan Richards, J. H. Ferguson, Church 
 N. Kibby, Jepeo Ilinklcy, Joseph Covill, Charles Hyde, 
 Anthony Fountain, Stephen S. Smith. 
 
 Twrniy-first Infantry — Co. A — lackson Hyde. Co. 
 C — John Moses, Kichard Moses, Evan Davis. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Co. B — Leonard Blair, James 
 Smith, Sidney Johnson. O. H — George (J. Duffie, Timo- 
 thy O'Connor, Benjamin O't^onnor, Clark Kenyon, Nel- 
 son Button. Company unknown — Abednego Davis. 
 
 F'lTty-firsl Infantry — Co. B — Corp. Byron Stevens. 
 
 First Cavalry — Co. A — Edward Topliff. Orrin Hink- 
 ley, John Conant. Co. B — Abial L. Kibby, Edw.ard 
 Cohean, ^d. V.o.V, — Harvey S. Johnson. Co. D — William 
 Ottar, John Leels. Co. E — Henry Yatea, Alomder S. 
 Moore. Co. K — Hiram F. Turner. Co. L — Norman 
 Blakely, John H. Stewart, Lewis Camply, Robert Covill, 
 Company unknown — George Burgess. 
 
 Second Cavalry — Co. A — (ieorge M-ircy, John Hawley. 
 
 Fourth Cavalry — (,'o. B — Nathaniel (.'. Kibby. Richard 
 Ober, Hiram W. Wheeler, Cornelius Forbes, As-a C. Kinney, 
 Charles Fletcher. Co. V. — Charles F. Fordice, Orlando 
 Dutfie, Everliard Duffie, John Wadley, Philip W. Kibby, 
 ("Charles Mason. 
 
 Illinois Reyiment — Joseph Baker. 
 
 TOWN OF SPBINi:VAl.E. 
 
 Third Infantry — Co. A — Warren Atterson, Myron Cur- 
 tis. Co. D — Jacob Bidleman, (.'harles Lee. 
 
 TiiUli Infuntrij — Co. K — Benjamin F. Harwood, Norman 
 Hart. 
 
 Thirteenth Infant y — (_'o. B — Daniel McLain, 
 
 Fouilerntli Infantry — Co. A — Alonzo Lockwood. Co. 
 H — Josiah Prosper. 
 
 Eighteenth Infantry — Co. A — Henry Cutler, Charles 
 Waldo, Geo. Cutler, Leauder Hibbard. Henry J. Goodall. 
 Co. 15 — Thomas Hammer, Asa Atterson. 
 
 Nineteenth Infant y — Co. G — Fredric Oder. 
 
 Twentieth Infantry — Co. H — Merritt Felton, Chandler 
 Christian, Fredrick Kruger. 
 
 Tmenly-Firft Infantry — Co. F — -.John Gilchrist, John 
 Christian, Stewart Brown, John Baker, James E. 0' Riley. 
 
 Thirty-Seeoni Infant' y — (!"o. B — William Moore, Garnet 
 Donk, John Donk, Cyrus W'elch, Jason Walker, John 
 (iimpbell, Leander Ferguson, James (Jonnor, Orlando T. 
 Comstock, Christian Winkleman, James Haywood, August 
 C. Gregory, David Hickey, Alvah Curtis, John C. Alex- 
 ander, Lewis Welch, .Tames O'Niel, George (.lurtis, James 
 Reregue, George Jloore, Duwane Moore, George Gee, 
 Thad. Gee, John A. benton, Aden Fields, Charles Elliott, 
 Delos Peas, Aaron Hemmingway, William Minehart, 
 Enos Wantz, Edward I'. Lamb, Ranslow Tuttle, Henry 
 M. Scofielil, Edward Murry, T. E. Bush, John Gehring, 
 Francis Gee, Henry Bennett. Co. H — Thomas Pygall, 
 Dewit G. Cole. 
 
 Forty-first Infantry — Co. B — Clarence Caldwell. 
 
 Firsi Cttvalry-^Co. B — James Steeles. Co. D — George 
 Huzzy. Co. H — Erastus Darrow, Jasper Talbot. Co. 
 I^Hanimon Shurllz, Nelson Heckerson, Peter Cu\e, 
 Charles llorton, William Horton. Co. L — James Parker. 
 Company unknown — James M. Waterman. 
 
 Third Cavalry — Co. C — Joseph Bonhert. 
 
 Fourth Cavalry — Co. B — George W. Pierce, George 
 Pygall. 
 
 Second Battery L'ght Artillery — George Richardson. 
 
 TOWN OF TATCHEEDAB. 
 
 First Infantry — Co. I — Thomas Wheelock, Theodore 
 Magneuson. Co. K — Lyman Everdell, Moses Cotfin, 
 Norton W. Mcach. Michael J. Hayford. 
 
 Fifth Tnfintrii — Co. I — Capt. Richard H. Emerson, 
 First Lieut . William Berry, Eben Rifenbach, Lewis Kinep, 
 Chirles H. Sliaver, James P. Simmons, Peter Sanble, 
 Adelbert P. Norton, John Daniels, Eliphalet Breed, 
 Alfred M. Green, Jared Belt, Benjamin F. Fuller, David 
 L. Allen, John W. Tiffany. Jr., Phileton R. Tiffany, 
 William T. White, Elijah B. Shoemaker. Edw.ard K. Shoe- 
 maker, James Waite. James M. Davis, Ch.arles Campbell, 
 Barney Campbell, Charles Osborn, Dewit C. Pierce, 
 Henry Thompson, Alexander Brown, William H. Dis- 
 brow, Joseph W. Schooley. Walton K. Pelton, William 
 Lalonde, Charles H. Gibsou, Levi T. Bishop. 
 
 Sixth Infantry — (^o. E — Edward Leeman. 
 
 Fourteenth Infantry — Company unknown — Aaron Sim- 
 mons. 
 
 Eighteenth Infantry — Co. A — George Johnson, Edward 
 Fly un, Albert Danforlh, David Shaver, Jno.W. Tiffany, Sr., 
 Marcus Gurnee, Cornelius Coffman, James P. Millard, 
 George Benedict, Charles Blitzke, Thomas Leeman, Ira 
 Town, Robert F. Muller, Sil.as W.Clark, Lewis Coffin, 
 John n. Shoemaker, Levi Tiffany, Henry (;. Middleton, 
 Simeon P. Middleton, Cliester C Whitney, Herbert D. 
 Whitney, John M. Kisner, John Kisner, James Alexan- 
 der, Charles F. Scott, Isaac Losey, Samuel W. Beal. 
 Upton L. Beal, Joseph Parks, John Johnson, Tlieron K. 
 Meach, Lewman Daniels, Benedict Adleman, Hale H. 
 Coffin. 
 
 Nineteenth I nfiintry — Co. B — Isaac Barager. 
 Ticinly first Infantry— Co. A — John Carey, Alpheus 
 A. Beck, Henry Carter, Peter A. Hoskins. 
 
 Twenly-sixth Infantry — Co. E — Joseph Schmeds, Nicho- 
 las Snyder. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTS. 
 
 Thirty-second Infantry — Go. 
 Thirteenlh Illinois Cavalry— 
 
 A — George L. Hubbard. 
 ■Adolpli Beehand. 
 
 TOWN OF WAUPIIN. 
 
 First Infantry — Co. I — Lewis Hart. 
 
 T hi' d Infantry — Co.D — Henry Boyd, Andrew Mahoney, 
 Chnrlea Gee, Johh Gowan, Lorenzo D. Wood, 0. F. Gee, 
 William E. Bardon, J. W. Gee, AV. H. H. Williams. 
 
 Tenth luf'^utry — Co. K — J. G. Babit, .Jerome Harring- 
 ton, Nelf Hagensou, .loUn Juleson, John Snyder, Lewis 
 Batter.son, Lym.an Soper, Ole Gilbritson, C. .1. Batterson, 
 Philo II. Miller. 
 
 Fourtenith. Infantry — Co. A — Platte Dnrand. 
 
 Sevrnteinth Infantry — Co. D — Patrick Drum. 
 
 Eightemth Infantry — Co. A-^Leander Hibb.ard. 
 
 N mt'enth Iniantry — Co. H — U. II. Ferris. 
 
 Theenty-firat Infantry — Co. A — Jeremiah Hill. Co. 
 F — Joseph Patterson, .\louzo Smith. 
 
 Twenty-sixth Infantry — Co. E — Augustus F. Kru- 
 ger. 
 
 Thirli/second Infantry — Co. A — John Wooden, John 
 Colters, Jonathan Molt, Washington Foote, ElliottCrane. 
 Horace Plumley, Henry Plundey, John Foote, Leroy E. 
 Beardsley, James S. Town, Silas Brooks, Benjamin B. 
 Hart, McKinsie Mapes, .lames J. Hillihert. Co. B — 
 Homer Gee, Philander Comstock. 
 
 Fvrty-lirst Infantry — Co. B — Ellis Butts, John C. 
 Burns, Prentice (Jarrington. Romain K. Damonde, Charles 
 Hazen, Bartholomew McFarland, James E. Whitman, 
 Charles F. Waldo, Lester Welch. 
 
 First Cavalry — Co. B — Henry Chapin. Nathan Wood- 
 worth, Hiram Gee, William H Tyler, Thomas F. Allen, 
 Luther Landon. J. E. Blanchard. Co. D — Henry Miller. 
 Co. H — Jasper Talbot. Co. I— George Holmes. 
 
 Ninth Battalion Light Artillery— 0. Guy Perkins. 
 
 Regiment unknown — Asher Tyler. 
 
 THE BRAFT. 
 
 There was some excitement in Fond du Lac County when the order for the first draft was 
 promulgated. This was not because of the large number of men to be drawn, for the quotas of 
 most of the towns and wards were pretty nearly full ; but because a local paper had said the 
 Government had no right to *' tear men from their homes to be btitchered for the tyrants at 
 Washington," which caused a misapprehension to grow up in some quarters as to what a draft 
 really was. Many expected a squad of armed soldiers would appear at their doors with handcuffs 
 and chains, to take all the male inmates at all hazards. When this misapprehension was corrected, 
 there was less excitement and fewer threats of resistance. 
 
 The draft was begun by the Sherift' in Fond du Lac County about the 1st of September, 
 1862. Dr. W. H. Walker was Examining Surgeon, with his office at Fond du Lac. The Ripon 
 Times gave a graphic account of the appalling number of men who were attacked with fatal 
 maladies during August, while the draft papers were preparing, and the Saturday Reporter, of 
 Fond du Lac, in its issue of September 20, said : 
 
 " For one whole week, the Draft Commissioner's and Surgeon's office in this city has been 
 crowded with applicants for exemption. The side-walk in front of the stairway in Darling's 
 Block has been crowded, and the passage crammed full. A large number of certificates have 
 been issued, attesting to the great degree of mortality prevailing. No doubt, in many cases the 
 applicants were unfit for military duty, and should not be abused for applying there, but so 
 man}' robust and healthy men have come up, that some wag put ;>. sign over the door labeled 
 " Cowards' Headquarters," and, no doubt, it was with justice to hundreds we have seen under it." 
 
 M. W. Seely was County Commissioner, and had an office at Fond du Lac for the purpose 
 of examining the evidence of those who claimed exemption from military service, under Order 
 No. 99 of the War Department. These exemptions were granted where men had been convicted 
 of felony, or were members of families with a certain number in the service, or were the neces- 
 sary support of children or aged and infirm. 
 
 Capt. E. L. Phillips, of Fond du Lac, was appointed the 1st of May, 1863, as Provost 
 Marshal of the Fourth District of Wisconsin, in which was the county of Fond du Lac. It was 
 his duty, among others, to superintend the draft. The Provost Marshal's office for the District 
 was at Fond du Lac. The second draft took place in November, 1863, under Capt. Phillips. 
 The number enrolled in Fond du Lac County tis subject to draft, was as follows: Alto — Class 1, 
 166 ; Class 2, 71. Auburn— Class 1, 16 ; Class 2, 97. Ashford— Class 1, 122 ; Class 2, 85. 
 Byron— Class 1, 111 ; Class 2, 88. Calumet— Class 1, 6-1 ; Class 2, 65. Eden— Class 1, 102; 
 Class 2, 137. Empire— Class 1, 84 ; Class 2, 85. Eldorado— Class 1, 94 ; Class 2, 82. Forest 
 —Class 1, 85 ; Class 2, 86. Fond du Lac Town— Class 1, 109 ; Class 2, 71. Friendship- 
 Class 1, 38; Class 2, 50. Lamartine— Class 1, 88; Class 2, 67. Marshfield— Class 1, 89; 
 Class 2, 62. Metomen— Class 1, 150; Class 2, 85. Oakfield— Class 1, 132 ; Class 2, 59. 
 
552 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Osceola— Class 1, 74 ; Class 2, 53. Ripon Town— Class 1, 116 ; Class 2, 55. Ripon City — 
 Class 1,251; Class 2, 129. Rosendale— Class 1, 117 ; Class 2, 84. Springvale— Class 1, 126; 
 Class 2, 68. Taycheedali— Class 1, 101 ; Class 2, 81. Waupun— Class 1, 128 ; Class 2, 71. 
 Waupun North Ward— Class 1, 89 ; Class 2, 63. First Ward of Fond du Lac— Class 1, 162 ; 
 Class 2, 111. Second Ward— Class 1, 135; Class 2, 97. Third Ward— Class 1, 102; Class 2, 
 41. Fourth Ward— Class 1, 265 ; Class 2, 107. Fifth Ward— Class 1, 58 ; Class 2, 56. These 
 numbers were put into the wheel, and the following quota drawn from them: City of Fond du 
 Lac, 191; Town of Fond du Lac, 32; Friendship, 11; Osceola, 21; Eden, 30; Byron, 32; 
 Oakfield, 39 ; Ashford, 36 ; Auburn, 22 ; Calumet, 19 ; Marshfield, 27 ; Taycheedah, 29 ; 
 Empire, 25; Forest, 25; Laraartine, 26; Springvale, 38; Alto, 50; town and North Ward of 
 Waupun, 65; city of Ripon, 125; Rosendale, 35; Eldorado, 29; Metomen, 45; total, 942. 
 
 This was a large draft. About 20 per cent of those who " drew prizes " when the wheel 
 turned in Amory Hall, at Fond du Lac, presented themselves for duty. After this draft had 
 been ordered and the enrollment begun, the melancholy feelings of men of sound body and mid- 
 dle age who suddenly received word that their friends in Canada were " very sick — not expected 
 to live," was sorrowful to behold. Twenty who thus suddenly learned of illness among their 
 Canada friends, left Fond du Lac in a single night. Thirteen left Waupun on a certain Sun- 
 day evening, and about the same number tore themselves away from Ripon. Canada did not 
 appear to have at that time well ones enough to properly care for the sick, and the good men of 
 Fond du Lac could not see them suffer. 
 
 In November, 1863, a Draft Association was formed, with headquarters at Fond du Lac. 
 S. D. Stanchfield was President ; Edward Beeson, Vice President ; Keyes A. Darling. Treas- 
 urer, and T. D. Pooles, Secretary. Each member paid a certain initiatory fee, and if the fund 
 thus obtained was not sufficient to pay the $300 for each member drafted, a pro-rata assessment 
 sufficient for that purpose was made. 
 
 After tb.e November draft had taken place. Provost Marshal Phillips' office was thronged 
 night and day. The substitute business was also good, but more than one-half of those hired 
 or purchased as "subs" decamped for Canada as soon as they secured the $300 bounty, with 
 some additional local bonuses. These "bounty-jumpers" were mostly natives of Canada, who 
 made a business of getting money in the manner mentioned. 
 
 The next draft was in October, 1864 — the vigor with which recruiting was pushed making 
 Fond du Lac able to escape a draft in January, 1864, even if it had not been postponed. There 
 was another call March 14, 1864, for 200,000 men for the navy, which, with the two previous 
 calls for 300,000 and 200,000 men, respectively, swelled the number to 700,000. This made 
 the number to come from Wisconsin large ; but Fond du Lac County, as a whole, not only 
 escaped this draft, but in some towns had credits ahead of her quota. 
 
 The Fond du Lac Reporter of April 26, 1864, said : " The Fourth District — Capt. E. L. 
 Phillips, Provost Marshal — is now ahead, as it has been for a year past, of all other districts in 
 the State in filling the calls made. It has furnished, also, a greater per cent of drafted men 
 for duty and of commutation money than any other district in the State. This, we think, is 
 due almost entirely to the able management of affairs at the headquarters of the district. The 
 State does not have three more efficient officers than Capt. Phillips, Commissioner Burchard and 
 Surgeon Carey." 
 
 The draft of October, 1864, was made in Spencer Hall, Fond du Lac, on Wednesday, 
 October 5, for Fond du Lac County, or rather the towns of Eldorado and Auburn. Eden, 
 Osceola and Ashford were behind, but before the draft for the balance of the district was com- 
 pleted had fillei their quotas and no draft was had for their benefit. For Auburn, 132 names 
 were enrolled as liable to draft, of which 74 were drawn. For Eldorado, 131 were enrolled and 
 84 drawn. 
 
 Oa the Saturday succeeding this draft, one of the Fond du Lac papers had the following, 
 giving the names of the drafted : " More than one-half of the men drafted in Eldorado on Wed- 
 nesday have run away." 
 
HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 553 
 
 On Friday, January 27, 1865, a supplemental draft was made for the more delinquent 
 towns of the Fourth District, and the town of Eldorado was the only one in Fond du Lac 
 County for which the draft wheel was turned. The deficiency was 17 at this draft, but only one 
 man was secured. 
 
 The last draft in Fond du Lac County was conducted by Gen. Charles S. Hamilton, who 
 was appointed Provost Marshal of the Fourth District, in place of Capt. E. L. Phillips, about 
 the middle of March, 1865. This draft was for only a portion of the county, many towns and 
 wards having their quotas more than full. The draft was for Ehlorado, with a deficiency of 60 ; 
 Forest with 21; Auburn, with 14; Csceola, with 16; Eden, with 11, and Ashford, with 7. 
 The Marshal thought it necessary to post the law against draft riots in some of these towns. 
 The men drafted this time never saw active service, the war closing soon after. 
 
 SCRAPS OF WAR HISTORY. 
 
 The first man to shed Wisconsin blood on a Southern battlefield in the rebellion, was Lieut. 
 William A. Matthews, of Company G, First Wisconsin Volunteers, who was severely wounded 
 at the battle of Falling Waters, in July, 1861, in Virginia. He enlisted at Fond du Lac, his 
 home. The last Wisconsin blood shed was at the capture of Jeff Davis, in Irwin County, Ga., 
 May 10, 1865, when several men were wounded by volleys fired by a detachment of the Fourth 
 Michigan Cavalry upon a detachment of the First Wisconsin Cavalry. 
 
 The Third Regiment was quartered during several weeks at Camp Hamilton, in Fond 
 du Lac City. Edward Pier and John W. Carpenter had the contract to supply the men with 
 food, which they did for 38 cents apiece, per day. The regiment was commanded by Col. 
 Charles H. Hamilton, and consisted of ten full companies, or about eight hundred men. This 
 regiment broke camp at Fond du Lac and left for the front on Friday, July 12, 1861. The 
 ladies gave to nearly every soldier some article of comfort before the regiment left Fond du Lac. 
 
 Capt. Emerson's '• North Star Rifles," of Taycheedah, left for camp Monday, June 24, 
 1861, and Capt. E. S. Bragg's " Rifles " left July 1, 1861. His company consisted of 120 
 men. This company was raised by Capt. Bragg. 
 
 Col. Edward Daniels' regiment of cavalry was encamped at Ripon, on College Hill, and 
 left for the front late in 1861. 
 
 Company A, of the Thirty-second Regiment, was in camp for a while in 1861, at the 
 fair grounds in Fond du Lac, but soon afterward joined the regiment in Camp Bragg, at 
 Oshkosh. 
 
 August 21, 1862, the town of Fond du Lac voted to pay $100 for volunteer recruits. 
 
 Col. Edward Colman (Sheriff in 1878 and 1879) had a recruiting office over the office of 
 the Bank of the Northwest. Other recruiting oflSces were opened by Sergt. M. W. Petters and 
 Sergt. Higgins, during 1862. 
 
 The town of Empire held a war meeting August 22, 1862, and voted $3,000 for bounties 
 to those who would enlist before the draft, which was expected to take place on September 1, fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 The " Fond du Lac Mill Boys " composed a company of 104 men, enlisted by Capt. Alex- 
 ander White, in Fond du Lac, in August, 1862, nearly every one of whom was a mechanic, 
 machinist or millwright. As Capt. White, Deputy Warden of the Wisconsin State Prison since 
 1878, was a splendid machinist and mechanic, being one of the owners of the Hiner & White 
 L'on Works, it was said of his company, that they could build and equip a railway with cars 
 and locomotives ; build a mill, make a rifled cannon, erect a truss bridge, or do anything in the 
 mechanical line, even to making clocks and watches. In this company, five Derusha brothers 
 and si.x of their brothers-in-law enlisted. No company in Fond du Lac ever got such a large 
 number from one family. This company went into camp at Oshkosh September 1, 1862. 
 
 In October. 1862, nearly one hundred negroes — men, women and children — arrived in 
 Fond du Lac, from Northern Alabama, in charge of the Chaplain of the Fourteenth Regiment. 
 They were mostly taken as servants in the city of Fond du Lac. 
 
554 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 In November, 1862, Roswill M. Sawyer and William A. Dewey were placed upon Brig, 
 Gen. C. S. Hamilton's staff. 
 
 Gen. Lyman M. Ward, now of Benton Harbor, Mich., enlisted at Fond du Lac as a private, 
 and won all his promotions by "gallant conduct on the field of battle." 
 
 Prairie Grove was one of the hottest battles of the war. Capt. Strong's company, from 
 Ripon, was highly complimented for the part it took in that cngiigement. 
 
 In December, 1862, Timothy F. Strong, Jr., was promoted to First Lieutenant of Com- 
 pany H, First Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers. 
 
 In the Ripon papers of December, 1862, was a long letter giving a description of govern- 
 ing cities in the South by military law, and particularly how Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va., wore 
 being governed by Maj. Alvan E. Bovay, who was Provost Marshal of those cities until the 
 latter part of 1863. 
 
 In February, 1863, Kingman Flint, son of the late Judge Flint, was promoted to Second 
 Lieutenant in the regular army. A few months later, he died at Pensacola, of black vomit. 
 He was a wonderful man, physically. 
 
 In December, 1862, the County Boai"d of Supervisors passed a resolution to furnish aid 
 after that date to the families of volunteer soldiers. Each person so aided was required to fur- 
 nish evidence to the nearest Supervisor, that he or she was a relative of a volunteer soldier, and 
 dependent upon him for support. 
 
 In April, 1863, Col. Bragg sent home the regimental colors, riddled from staff to tassel. 
 A new set of colors had been provided. 
 
 Gen. 0. H. La Grange, afterward for several years Superintendent of the LTnited States 
 Mint at San Francisco, enlisted at Ripon, and traveled to his final high position from the bot- 
 tom round of both the military and civil ladders. 
 
 The Turners, of Fond du Lac, raised a company for Gen. Sigel's regiment, and turned 
 over every dollar in their treasury to pay bounties for new recruits. 
 
 Jerome B. Johnson, now Superintendent of Mails at Milwaukee, was shot through th& 
 groin at Bull Run, and lay six days upon the field, without food or attendance. He lived, and, 
 in October, 1862, was able to return to Fond du Lac. But he never was able to return to his 
 regiment. 
 
 A Mr. Temple, of Lamartine, anxious to get into the service of his country as soon as pos- 
 sible, went to the front and enlisted, being assigned to Company D, of the Third Regiment. 
 Next day he was shot dead in buttle. 
 
 In October, 1862, occurred one of the largest funerals in Fond du Lac. It was at the 
 burial of Grier Tallmadge, a son of the late Gov. Nathaniel P. Tallmadge, who died at Fortress 
 Monroe in September. 
 
 In March, 1863, Edward S. Bragg was promoted to the colonelcy of the Sixth Regiment. 
 
 In x-Vpril, 1863, the ladies of Wedge's Prairie collected fifty barrels of provisions and some 
 cash for tiie soldiers. They then formed themselves into an Aid Society and continued the 
 work of doing for the soldiers. 
 
 In April, 1863, the members of Company A, Thirty-second Regiment, sent home to their 
 families, as the surplus saved from three months' pay, the sum of ?4,263. 
 
 The first work of the Soldiers' Aid Society of the town of Byron, in 1863, was to collect, 
 for the boys in blue, two loads of food and clothing and $116 in cash. The society afterward 
 did much more in the same direction. 
 
 William Frost, of Eden, went to Memphis, where he had one soldier son dead and another 
 fatally ill, in May, 1863, and, a few days later, his family received word that he, too, was dead, 
 having been lost overboard while crossing the Mississippi. 
 
 War speakers were occasionally hustled, and some of tliem injured, in some portions of 
 the county. At Taycheedah, R. B. Charles was set upon while speaking in favor of the war and 
 the Administration, and quite severely injured. While this was going on, his harness wa? 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 555 
 
 destroyed and his wagon torn in pieces. At Ripon, there were two or three wlio made demon- 
 strations of disloyalty; but after one of the parties had been led to the mill-pond, and had the 
 depth of the water taken before him, with the understanding that water was considered excellent 
 for treasonable utterances and demonstrations, the balance subsided. 
 
 A military company Avas formed in the southeast towns of the county in June, 1863, with 
 the f)llowing officers : Captain, Fred Baldwin; First Lieutenant, Nicholas Gaifney ; Second 
 Lieutenant, E. C. Coon; First Sergeant, E. A. Whitney; Second Seargeant, 0. P. Howe; 
 Third Sergeant, E. C. Airhart; Fourth Sergeant, A. A. Bratt; Fifth Sergeant, G. N. Hatch. 
 
 The " Badger State Guards" were raised by C. K. Pier, at Fond du Lac, in the summer 
 of 1863, with the following olficcrs: Captain, C. K. Pier; First Lieutenant, C. T. Carpenter; 
 Second Lieuteniint, F. R. St. John ; First Sergeant, D. M. Wilson ; Second Sergeant, John 
 ALller; Third Sergeant, W. 11. Allen; Fourtli Sergeant, John Markle ; Fifth Sergeant, Solon 
 W. Ed^on. This company went out, after being drilled by Capt. Pier, as Company A, Thirty- 
 eight Regiment, three years. Pier Avas made Colonel of RegJment, and Carpenter Captain of 
 Company. 
 
 The " Union Guards " were raised at Ripon, with Herman Stempel, Captain ; W. T. Whit- 
 ing, First Lieutenant; Lyman B. Evcrdell, Second Lieutenant, and N. Bowerroan, of the 
 Prairie. City Record, First Sergeant. The company was organized in September, 1863. 
 
 One of the largest funerals ever held in Eden was that of Sergt. Walter S. Rouse, who was 
 buried August "2, 1863. 
 
 E. W. Pride recruited fifty men at Ripon for the gunboat service. He also secured a large 
 number in other portions of the county. 
 
 In August, 1863, Dr. Walker took from the tongue of F. H. Farr, of Company K, First 
 Regiment, two double teeth, which had been there imbedded about a year previously by a 
 minie ball. 
 
 Sergt. JInj. George W. Driggs, son of the late J. J. Driggs, of Fond du Lac, was war cor- 
 respondent for the Madison Patriot. 
 
 Col. C. K. Pier and Joseph Arnold were war correspondents for the Fond du Lac Reporter. 
 
 In October, 1863, four small children, whose mother was dead, gathered in Eden as mourn- 
 ers at the funeral of their last relative, Peter B. Miller, their father, of the Nineteenth Regi- 
 ment. It was a sad sight. 
 
 In January, 1864) all there was left of the Fourteenth Regiment returned home, time of 
 enlistment having expired. The regiment, which contained only 302 privates and 19 officers, 
 was given big receptions at Chicago, Milwaukee and Fond du Lac. At Milwaukee, eloquent 
 mention was made of iMichael Mantran. of Fond du Lac, for his conduct at the terrible charjre 
 at Gettysburg. Every man in the regiment re-enlisted. Speeches were made at Fond du Lac 
 by Gen. C. S. Hamilton and Col. Lyman N. Ward. 
 
 Capt. Woodruff recruited forty-five men for the Thirty-second Regiment, at Waupun, in 
 the latter part of 1863. 
 
 In January, 1864, Oakficld held a festival and raised $200 in cash for the soldier boys. 
 
 In January, 1864, the Common Council of Fond du Lac voted to pay a bounty of $100 
 for recruits for the city, and, a week or two later, increased the amount to $200 for each recruit. 
 
 Charles II. Benton was piomoted, in April, 1864, to be Second Lieutenant of Company G, 
 First Regiment, and Thomas Bryant, First Lieutenant of Company H, Thirty-second Regiment. 
 Soon after, Lieut. Benton was made Quartermaster of the First Regiment. 
 
 Up to June, 1864, there had enlisted from the High School at Fond du Lac seventy stu- 
 dents. 
 
 S. D. Pitcher and others, of the Second Regiment, arrived home June 25, 1864, after 
 serving three full years. 
 
 One of the Fond du Lac papers of June 25, 1864, had the following : 
 
 " Col. Edward Stuy vesant Bragg, of this city, has been promoted to Brigadier General of 
 Volunteers. Nearly three ye.irs ago, he entered the service as Captain of Company E, Sixth 
 
556 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Wisconsin Regiment. He rose, by grades, to be Colonel of the regiment, was in all the fights 
 with the " Iron Brigade," and especially distinguished himself at Antietam and Gettysburg. 
 During the recent battles in Virginia, at Spottsylvania and the Wilderness, he had command 
 of a brigade, and handled his troops like a veteran, winning great favor from his commanders. 
 For his gallant conduct on these occasions he has been commissioned. Gen. Bragg will be 
 heard from whenever there is a fight, as he believes in striking to hurt." 
 
 I. W. Bowen raised a company of thirty-four men at Fond du Lac, and left for camp with 
 them March 1, 1864. 
 
 Reuben Lindley took sixty-six men, whom he had recruited, to Madison on the 1st of 
 March, 1864. 
 
 Charles T. Carpenter recruited fifty-eight men by April 1, 1864, for the Thirty-eighth 
 Regiment, and was commissioned Captain. 
 
 Capt. W. W. La Grange, of the First Regiment of Cavalry, wounded through the body 
 at Chattanooga, in December, 1863, died at Ripon. after a painful surgical operation to extract 
 the shot, July 1, 1864. 
 
 By a general order from headquarters, Col. C. K. Pier was placed in command of the One 
 Hundred and First New York Regiment in April, 186.5. 
 
 J;etters tov soldiers who were prisoners within the rebel lines were required to have 10 cents 
 upon them in Confederate stamps. Those who had friends among such prisoners were furnished 
 with Confederate stamps free by John J. Beeson, at Fond du Lac, to whom they were sent by 
 Lieut. Bannister. Lieut. Bannister had confiscated them, of course. 
 
 In August, 1864, the city of Fond du Lac had paid fifty-three bounties of $100, and one 
 hundred and three bounties of $200 each. 
 
 On July 29, 1864, Capt. Eddy Ferris brought home a new rebel flag, captured at the bat- 
 tle of Tupelo. 
 
 In July, 1864, Maj. George W. Driggs published a neat book, entitled " Opening of the 
 Mississippi; or, Two Years' Campaigning in the Southwest." 
 
 Charles F. Sayre, who died at Port Hudson of sickness and wounds, was only sixteen 
 years of age. He was the only support of a father who had been prostrated in the service. 
 
 Col. 0. H. La Grange, of the First Wisconsin Cavalry, who was considered by the rebels 
 such a valuable and successful officer that he was put " under fire " at Charleston by them, was 
 exchanged in August, 1864. To put an officer " under fire " is where, when he is held as a pris- 
 oner, he is placed so as to be exposed to the fire directed by his own side upon those who 
 hold him. 
 
 From August to September, 1864, over three hundred men were enlisted in the city of 
 Fond du Lac. 
 
 In August, 1864, Capt. Delos Ward was promoted to Post Quartermaster, to take charge 
 of Fort Morganza^ in Louisiana. 
 
 In October, 1864, substitutes in Fond du Lac County commanded from $700 to $1,000 
 each. 
 
 The seventh one of the family of Derusha boys entered the army in November, 1864. 
 
 A soldiers' festival at Rosendale, in December, 1864, netted $12.5. 
 
 G. H. Clark, Company K, First Wisconsin, and Ed. McGlachlin, who escaped from the 
 rebel prisons, said that the greater shai-e of the appalling number of Union prisoners who died 
 in confinement was caused by starvation and brutal treatment. 
 
 In February, 1865, Edward Colman was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the Forty- 
 ninth Regiment. At this time, Lieut. Crane, of Oakfield. was the only officer left in Company 
 G, Thirty-sixth Regiment. 
 
 February 14. 1865, the city of Fond du Lac voted $30,000, to be used in paying bounties 
 to soldiers enlisted to fill the (juota of the city. It did so, and with some to spare. 
 
 After warm weather began in 1864, the arrival of dead soldiers in Fond du Lac County 
 was of daily occurrence during several months. Some were brought home shot dead ; some 
 after having died of wounds, and many after dying of malarious diseases. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 557 
 
 Capt. Milton Ewen, Miles Schoolcraft, Lieut. Col. Charles H. Morgan and others were 
 many months in the prison-pens of the South. They finally escaped. Schoolcraft arrived 
 home in December, 18(34, but the others were kept in prison till the following spring. His 
 story appeared in print at the time, as follows : 
 
 " Miles Schoolcraft, of Company H, Thirty-second Regiment, arrived home Wednesday 
 night, direct from Annapolis. He was taken prisoner while out with a foraging party, near 
 Atlanta, last summer. He was first placed in prison at Eastport, Ga. During the march of 
 nine days on the road, the rebels only issued three crackers to each man. From there he went 
 to Andersonville, and remained there three months and thirteen days. During that time, the 
 daily ration consisted of a piece of corn bread three inches long by two wide and two thick, 
 with a piece of bacon about the same size. The men were treated brutally, in every possible 
 way. On the least provocation, and sometimes none at all, the prisoners were knocked down 
 with clubs or shot by the rebel privates and officers who guarded them. From one hundred to 
 one hundred and twenty Union prisoners were buried every day, most of them dying from 
 scurvy. Very often, no rations would be issued for two or three days. His hat, shirt and 
 boots were taken, and he went into the prison-pen barefoot. From Andersonville he was taken 
 to Charleston. Here good rations were issued, and the scurvy disappeared. From Charleston 
 he was taken to Florence, S. C, and remained two months. During this time, the rations con- 
 sisted of one pint of corn-meal per day, with a half-teaspoonful of salt every other day. While 
 at Florence, 690 of the Union prisoners died. Only 3,000 were in the encampment. At 
 Florence he saw Charlej'- Banker, of Oakfield, hale and hearty. No other Fond du Lac man 
 was seen by liim. From Florence he went to Charleston, and was paroled with the first lot of 
 1,000, and arrived safely at Annapolis, where he received two months' pay and commutations 
 for rations during the time he was a prisoner. He was given thirty days' furlough." 
 
 Capt. C. T. VVyman's story is also given. He arrived home in July, 1864. These two 
 accounts, from men well known in Fond du Lac County, will show to coming generations what 
 was endured by thousands of the boys in blue for their country, when, indeed, they did not 
 succumb to disease, starvation or brutality, and start on their last long journey from the fester- 
 ing pens of Libby, Florence and Andersonville. Capt. Wyman's story appeared in the Fond 
 du Lac Reporter of July 2, 1864, as follows : 
 
 "C. T. Wyman, of Company F, Twenty-first Wisconsin Regiment, whose escape is already well 
 known, has given us an account of the manner in which he left rebeldom. He was on the way 
 from Danville, Va., to Andersonville, Ga., in company with a large number of prisoners, being 
 transferred beyond the reach of Yankee cavalry. On the 18th of .June, when two days' travel 
 from Milledgeville, Ga., Lieut. Custar, of the Twenty-fifth Indiana Regiment, proposed- to 
 Wyman to jump from the cars, which was agreed to. 
 
 " After working over two hours, they succeeded in getting the caps off the guns of the two 
 guards, and then bolted through the open door of the car, the train running about twenty-two 
 miles per hour. On reaching the ground, they rolled up close to the ends of the ties, and thus 
 escaped the observation of the guard on top of the train. After the train was out of sight, their 
 exultation can scarcely be told. 
 
 "Then commenced a long, fatiguing journey, almost entirely by night, through woods, 
 swamps, by-ways, over hills, fields, and everywhere except through villages and regular roads. 
 They depended entirely upon the negroes for assistance, who proved true to them in every par- 
 ticular instance. The greatest delight of the negroes seemed to be to aid them in every pos- 
 sible way. 
 
 " On the tenth night, while traveling a by-road, they suddenly came upon three rebel soldiers 
 who were hunting for a runaway slave. There was no chance to run, so they quietly surren- 
 dered and were taken to a house close by. While supper was preparing, both managed to escape 
 to the brush, in which pursuit was useless. Two or three nights after, they were confronted by 
 a couple of home guards (rebels) who attempted to capture them, but who were .so ignorant of 
 the use of fire-arms on such an occasion that they were left stunned and senseless on the ground 
 
558 HISTORY OF FOND T)V LAC COUNTY. 
 
 from a vigorous use of the stout canes carried by the escaped prisoners. They ran many nar- 
 row escapes, but were never recaptured. 
 
 "All along the route every plantation had several dogs, and on the slightest alarm from 
 them the men would rush out to see if their horses were not being conscripted by the gentle 
 Jeff, or the rough riders of the Yanks. After tioenty-tlLi-ee nights, they reached the Chattahoo- 
 chee River, having swam three other rivers, and the next day reached the Union lines, where 
 there was some tall clieering. Without arms, or any food except berries, herbs and such as 
 they could pick up on the way, they had traveled nearly three hundred miles through the heart 
 of Georgia." 
 
 The stories of escapades like these, or of disease, starvation and death, might be lengthened 
 out indefinitely, in writing the history of those who were taken prisoners, but these will suffice 
 as illustrations. 
 
 On Sunday, April 22, 1865, .f 1,200 were raised at Amory Hall, in Fond du Lac, for the 
 soldiers' Christian Commission. 
 
 The Ladies' Aid Society of the city of Fond du Lac, formed early in the w\ar, did an 
 immense amount of work for the soldiers of Fond du Lac County. Many of the ladies who 
 belonged to this Society devoted their entire time and attention to its labors ; and the number 
 of garments made, purchased or collected ; the amount of dried fruits and food of all kinds, as 
 well as books, newspapers and periodicals, sent to the soldiers was truly astonishing. Regular 
 meetings did not cease to be held until about the close of the war, and the energy of its mem- 
 bers never relaxed. The soldiers, both sick and well, sent home many a blessing to the women 
 who were thus laboring, without hope of reward, in their behalf, and those labors will never be 
 forgotten as long as there is a Fond du Lac County soldier left to recount his experiences. 
 
 In the public prints, the capture of Jefferson Davis, ex-President of the Southern Confed- 
 eracy, has always been credited to the Fourth JLchigan Cavalry. This is unjust to the soldiers 
 of another State, and a falsehood on the most important leaf of American history. 
 
 The First Wisconsin Cavalry, raised in Fond du Lac County, mostly at Ripon, by Col. . 
 Edward Daniels, now of Washington, deserves most of the credit for his capture. This regiment 
 had been lying at Macon, Ga., after participating in its capture, under the command of Lieut. 
 Col. Henry Hearndon, now of Madison. 0. H. La Grange was the Colonel, but was then in 
 command of the brigade. A detachment consisting of four companies, the First Battalion, or 
 about one hundred men, was ordered to capture Jeff Davis, then supposed to be passing through 
 Georgia with a large party. The detachment, which was commanded by Lieut. Col. Hearndon, 
 struck Davis' trail at 5 o'clock of Sunday, Jlay 7, 1865, near the village of Dublin, Laurens 
 County. All the darkies verified the supposition that Jeff was fleeing through these parts, but 
 the whites declared it was only a few prisoners. Finally, a little girl standing outside of a house 
 where the supposed Davis party had stopped, when asked if " Mr. Davis had gone away yet," 
 innocently replied, "Yes, he's gone that way." The trail was plain, and the detachment hur- 
 ried on. At Abbeyville, or " Poor Robin Ferry," a detachment of the Fourth Michigan Cavalry 
 came up. under the command of Col. Pritchard. The two Colonels had a friendly talk, each 
 showing the other his orders. Pritchard was to take the ferry and patrol the river. But Col. 
 Hearndon, whose honesty gained him the name of the " Puritan Colonel," went further, and 
 disclosed to Pritchard not only his orders, but that his men had struck Jeff's trail ; had followed 
 it several days ; pointed out to him the direction the ex-President of the Conferderacy was taking, 
 and showed scraps of paper found on the trail by W. 0. Hargrave, of Ripon, to prove that there 
 was no doubt Davis was near by. Pritchard ktiew that the Government had offered $100,000 
 for the capture of Jefferson Davis, but Col. Hearndon did not. The former thereupon took 
 advantiige of the hitter's confiding communications, and pushed ahead of the First Wisconsin 
 detachment, striking Davis' trail ahead of them, and coming up with the Davis party late at 
 night of the same day. 
 
 Being weary, their course lying through the " barrens," where the clay-eaters, or " white 
 trash," barely eke out a miserable existence, the First Wisconsin boys followed on less rapidly. 
 
tOA^uJ^ 'h^, 
 
 v> 
 
 FOND DU LAC . 
 
HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 561 
 
 At dusk, various plans were talked over, Sergt. Maj. Hargrave being desirous of pushing on 
 and making the capture that night, as the Davis party were tired too, having been longer on the 
 march than themselves. But Col. Hearndon's horse was weakening for want of food, as were 
 the other horses, and he called a halt at 9 o'clock, giving orders to start at 3 o'clock next morn- 
 ing, and make the capture before daylight. On the morning of the 10th of May, therefore, 
 camp was broken at 3 o'clock, and forty-five minutes later, a small party, led by a scout named 
 llussey, advanced toward Davis' camp. In a few minutes they were fired upon, and retreated. 
 The balance of Col. Hearndon's command then pushed forward, thinking the rebels had fired, 
 determined to make a desperate fight. Tney drove the party that fired the first volley some 
 distance, and, finally taking a prisoner or two, discovered that they belonged to the Fourth 
 Michigan. Firing then stopped, but two of the Fourth Michigan boys had been shot dead, and 
 several wounded on both sides. Pritchard had put a large detachment of his best men across 
 the trail between Davis and Col. Hearndon, knowing that Hearndon was advancing from that 
 direction upon it to make the capture, giving them strict orders to " let no one come up on that 
 trail." He then, with another detachment, made the capture while the fight — which had been 
 " murderously precipitated," as the Wisconsin boys have always since declared — was going on 
 between the two squads of Union soldiers, composed of his own men and those of the First Wis- 
 consin. When the First Wisconsin soldiers learned that Pritchard had given such an order, 
 knowing they were advancing on the very road he had blockaded, Col. Hearndon was astounded, 
 and his boys were, some of them, " raving mad, and swore they would then and there take by force 
 the Fourth Michigan and Jeif Davis too ;" but they were persuaded to do nothing rash. 
 
 The capture was made just in the gray of morning. May 10, 1865, at Irwinville, Irwin 
 County, in the "'white trash" country, on the Alapaha River, a branch of the Suwanee River. 
 Jeff thought his time had come, expecting to be shot or hung ; but his wife, Mrs. Davis, was defiant 
 and saucy, telling the boys they must not call her husband such opprobrious names as " Old 
 Jefl'," or they would get hurt. When taken, Jeff had on a hood and a waterproof, with a water 
 bucket in hand, attempting to palm himself off as an old woman. With him were Postmaster 
 ^n '.ral Reagan, now a member of Congress from Texas, President Davis' private Secretary, 
 Cy .. /ohnson, Lubbick, Morris, and several others. Jeff at first drew a bowie-knife, but soon 
 shdatned it, seeing resistance would prove useless. 
 
 When a report was made to the War Department of the fight and the capture, Col. La Grange 
 indorsed on it the real facts, severely censuring the Colonel of the Fourth Michigan. No atten- 
 tion was paid to tiiis, as Secretary Stanton disliked La Grange for recommendations made by 
 him in regai'd to the exchange of prisoners. But, although the Committee on Claims in Con- 
 gress was about to give the $100,000 to the Fourth Michigan, Col. Hearndon sent in such evi- 
 dence as knocked that plan in the head, and the First Wisconsin boys shared equally with the 
 others. Walter 0. Hai'grave, of Ripon, who was a Sergeant Major, received about $400 as his 
 share. 
 
 Col. Hearndon is in the United States Revenue Service at Madison ; Col. La Gi'ange is in 
 Europe, and Pritchard, whom the boys always declared should have been court-martialed, is 
 " knocking over the country," spending his money. 
 
 Elihu Colman, of Fond du Lac, of the First Wisconsin Cavalry, never has blasphemed 
 since he left the army. Once, at dusk, he was riding past some bushes, when he heard a call 
 for help. " My leg is shot off," said a voice, "and I wish to see a surgeon." " All right, 
 climb on behind," returned Elihu. Mr. Colman drove several miles, through a heavy fire, to a 
 surgeon's door. On the road, a solid shot carried away, unbeknown to Elihu, his wounded com- 
 panion's head. Arriving at the tent, he called out, " Surgeon Lily, this man has had his leg 
 shot off and wants help." "Leg off!" exclaimed Dr. Lily, "his head is shot off!" "The 
 durned liar," exclaimed Elihu, driving the rowels into his horse's flank, " the durned liar said 
 he only had his leg shot off ! " And Colman wheeled away in disgust at being lied to so out- 
 rageously. 
 
562 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The following letter very properly may have a place in " Scraps of War History : " 
 
 If the unwritten history of the civil war in America were to be spread upon the printed page, it would fill 
 more volumes than were destroyed with the Alexandrian Library, and would amaze posterity as much as it would 
 astound the present generation. That vast human mechanism of a million units that, under the influence of organi- 
 lation and discipline, seemed to move as one man, would appear in its true light, as a seething caldron of 
 human emotions and human passions, boiling and bubbling with a fearful energy, not easily suppressed nor 
 readily controlled. A thousand motives lie beneath the gloss of patriotism, and the best is not always upper- 
 most. To turn all these into the channel of success for a great cause and victory for the right was the hard task of 
 a noble few, and among those, none in their sphere of duty had more to contend with and more to overcome than 
 Mnj. Uovay, of Wisconsin, as Provost Marshal of Norfolk. The estimate I formed of his character that led me, while 
 Military Governor of Norfolk, to appoint him to the position of Provost Marshal, was confirmed by all my subsequent 
 intercourse witli him. Surrounded on all sides by greedy harpies, who would trade upon their country's woes, and 
 on the other by open foes, he was oiled upon to deal with knaves and traitors as with brave and honest men, meting 
 out exact justice with kindness, and counteracting the evils of dishonesty with keen judgment and a wise discretion. 
 Hated by the bad, wliom he thwarted in their schemes, and unthanked by the needy, whom he relieved in their dis- 
 tress, he bore himself in the midst of the most trying circumstances in a way that could only have been maintained 
 by a strict integrity, an unwavering conscientiousness and a clear and courageous sense of right and duty. 
 
 [Signed.] EGBERT L. VIELE. 
 
 In the fall of 1862, Col. Edward S. Brac];g was run as a war candidate for Congress, 
 against Charles A. Eldredge. He was nominated while in the field. On being notified of his 
 nomination, he wrote to J. H. BrinkerhofF, Secretary of the Convention : " I can take no part 
 in the coming campaign. My duties are elsewhere, and I shall endeavor to discharge them to 
 my own credit and to the honor of the State whose commission I bear. * * * Jt 
 
 has been a matter of solicitude among my friends, as I am advised by letters to-day, to know 
 what my views are upon the great issues of the day. I recognize but one issue — For and 
 Against the Government. This swallows up all others, and the motto that ' He who is not for 
 me is against me ' never had more truthful significance than it has to-day. I am for the Gov- 
 ernment — the iron gauntlet and not the silk glove for the enemy." 
 
 Col. Bragg was defeated by about 4,000 majority. 
 
 In January, 1863, President Lincoln nominated Brig. Gen. Charles S. Hamilton, of Fond 
 du Lac, for promotion to Major General. His name had become familiar to the whole country, 
 a few months before, through his gallant conduct at Corinth and luka. The New York Trib- 
 une's description of the latter battle contained this paragraph : 
 
 " Amid the incessant roar of musketry and the thunder of artillery and the clash of arms. Gen. 
 Hamilton moved, with his staff, wherever the battle raged the hottest, and gave his orders with the 
 same quiet firmness, promptness and clearness which are his greatest characteristics in all things. 
 His presence everywhere just when needed excited the admiration of the soldiers. His horse was 
 killed under him, and the hilt of his sword shattered as he was moving amid the showers of balls, 
 which fell on all sides. Yet there was no excitement or fear exhibited by him. He was 
 soon re-mounted, on a fresh horse, and, as calmly as ever, directed the' movements of the battle to 
 the close as he had from the beginning. * * * q^^ Hamilton is a thorough sol- 
 
 dier. He fought through the Mexican war, and, at the breaking-out of this rebellion, brought 
 the Third Wisconsin Regiment into the field. He is a man of few words, but always to the 
 point. He is undemonstrative, and seems to possess but little of the art of courting favor. 
 His only care is to do his duty well. The incessant cheers by which he was greeted on the day 
 after the battle by each regiment, as he rode past on the march in pursuit of Price, show that 
 his modest bravery, unflinching courage and sure skill as a soldier are fully appreciated by them, 
 and that they are ready to follow wherever he chooses to lead. He fully appreciates the intel- 
 ligence, invincible courage and high character of the men under his command, and is ready to 
 stand or fall with them in the noble contest in which we are all engaged. With such leaders 
 and such men to fight our battles, success is certain. For the able, skillful and decisive manner 
 in which Gen. Hamilton fought and won this battle (for he directed all the movements in the 
 field), all, from the highest to the lowest, think and believe that he has won deserved promo^ 
 tion." 
 
HISTOKY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 663 
 
 Fond du Lac County soldiers participated in the following battles: Falling Waters, July 
 
 2, 1861; Chickamauga, September 19, 1863; Dug Gap, September 12, 1863; Chaplin 
 Hills, October 8, 1862 ; Dallas, May 28. 1864 ; Kenesaw Mountain, June 22, 1864 ; Jones- 
 boro, September 21, 1864 ; Gainesville, August 28, 1862, which was considered the most stub- 
 bornly contested battle of the war ; South Mountain, September 14, 1862 ; Laurel Hill, May 
 10, 1864 ; Wilderness, May 5 and 6, 1864; Gettysburg, July 1, 1863; Bull Run, July 21, 
 1861; Antietam, September 17, 1862; Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; Hatcher's Run, 
 October 27, 1864, at which Col. J. A. Watrous was captured ; Blackburn's Ford, July 18, 
 1861 ; Spottsylvania Court House, May 10, 1864, at which Grant lost 65,000 men, but still 
 continued the fight, and at night, when the fighting ceased, breastworks were thrown up by both 
 sides, and when morning dawned the two lines were so close that they fought each other with 
 the butts of their muskets; Chancellorsville, May 1, 1868, at which several Wisconsin regi- 
 ments, with other Western troops, massed themselves, irrespective of commanders, and held the 
 enemy after everything appeared to be lost before the rebel charge ; Fairfax Station, December 
 24, 1863; Winchester, May 25, 1862; Bolivar Heights, October 16, 1861; Peach Tree Creek, 
 July 20, 1864 ; Burnby Ford, June 9, 1863 ; Averysboro, March 16, 1865 ; Bentonville, 
 March 16, 1865 ; Buckton Station, May 22, 1862 ; Argyle Island, December 16, 1864 ; Lost 
 Mountain, June 11, 1864 ; Rappahannock, November 7, 1863 ; Petersburg, June 14, 1864, 
 to April 2, 1865, at which Gen. Bragg commanded the Iron Brigade ; Moore's Heights, May 
 
 3, 1863; Sailor's Creek, April 6, 1865; Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864; Yellow House, August 
 19, 1864; Second Bull Run, August 30, 1862; Gravelly Run, March 31, 1865; Weldon Rail- 
 road, August 19, 1864, at which Bragg commanded the Iron Brigade ; Jericho Ford, May 23, 
 1864 ; Five Forks, April 1, 1865 ; Nashville, December 16, 1864 ; Vicksburg, May 22, 1863 ; 
 Corinth, October 3, 1862 ; Spanish Fort, March 27, 1865 ; Farmington, May 9, 1862 ; Hurri- 
 cane Creek, August 13, 1»64 ; Tupelo, July 13, 1864 ; Shiloh, April 7,1862; Clifton, July 
 6, 1863; Lovejoy, September 3, 1864 ; battles of Atlanta, 1864 and 1865; Big Shanty, Ga., 
 June 11, 1864; Brownsville, September 23, 1862; Jackson, Miss., May 14, 1863; Champion 
 Hills, May 16, 1863 ; Allatoona, October 5, 1864 ; Prairie Grove, December 7, 1862, at which 
 many boys were taken prisoners ; Bentonville, March 19, 1865 ; Resaca, May 14, 1864 ; Chat- 
 tahoochee, July 4, 1864 ; Stone River, December 30, 1862 ; Salkhatchie, February 3, 1865 ; 
 Court Lane, July 27, 1864; South Edisto, February 9, 1865; Hillsboro, February 24, 1864; 
 Ream's Station, August 25, 1864; Deep Bottom, August 14, 1864; Tolopotomoy, June 1, 
 1864 ; North Anna, May 27, 1864 ; Fort Mahone, April 2, 1865, at which Lee's lines were 
 broken ; Mine Explosion, July 30, 1864, at which Grant dug under the rebel fortress and blew 
 it up, or rathei-, he gave permission to a regiment of miners to tunnel under the L^nion lines to 
 a point beneath the rebel fortress, at which two tons of powder were exploded, carrying death 
 and consternation into the whole rebel line. 
 
 Soldiers from Fond du Lac County participated in other battles, doubtless, but in no con-, 
 siderable bodies. 
 
 The only oiEcer from Fond.du Lac County on the retired list, is Michael Mangan, of Fond 
 du Lac. He enlisted as a private in Company E, Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers, and left for the 
 front in June, 1861. He served three years in that Company, and was mustered out as First 
 Lieutenant in April, 1864. He then entered the Veteran Reserve Corps, serving in New York 
 City until the close of the war, when he went to Florida in connection with the Freedmen's 
 Bureau. In September, 1866, he was mustered out and returned to Fond du Lac, where, in 
 December of that year, he joined the regular army as Second Lieutenant of company A, 
 Forty-fifth Regiment. In this company he served until April, 1871, when he was retired as a 
 Second Lieutenant on three-fourths pay. During the session of Congress of 1866 and 1877, 
 Lieut. Mangan was door-keeper of the United States Senate. There are no other officers of his 
 rank retired in Wisconsin ; but there are four of other grades in the State on the retired list. 
 
5(14 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 A RETROSPECT. 
 
 Fond du Lac County, to-day rejoicing in the pride of its strength, teeming with wealth and 
 glitterincr in the sunlight of a prosperity that startles the visitor into a smile of gladness, was, 
 in 1835, a wilderness almost as unbroken as when John Nicolet, in 1634, visited Green Bay. 
 
 The historian takes up the threads of life since then, as tangled by events, slowly. What 
 prompted the pioneers to their advent into this land ? Was it that spirit of adventure which 
 impelled the cavaliers of the olden time to pursue with eagerness the phantom of a hope into 
 the East ? Was it a sense of duty which first found expression in the New World, in 1620, on 
 Plymouth Rock ? Perhaps, after all, it was only that they might better their condition — might 
 here find cheap lands and soon obtain comfortable homes. 
 
 But many of them are dead, and the inquirer, who has seen so many of his idols turned to 
 clay, and his ideals perish, comes naturally, by-and-by, to the time when he analyzes — such 
 and such things have happened — why ? Such and such men have passed away — how ? Such 
 and such events have lighted up the sky of advancing civilization as a meteor might the phys- 
 ical. Whence do they proceed ? The men who came to the front and laid the foundations for 
 this continuous and lovely landscape of nature, glimmering like a gem in its emerald setting, 
 belonged to a regime that is fast giving place to an enterprise, which though greater, is less earnest, 
 because Providence and nature more materially aid man's ambitions. They were the grizzled 
 grenadiers in the army of pioneers, who never, in any sudden storm or rally, desperate melee, 
 or sorrowful encounter, forgot to dofi" their plumed hats to an adversary and cry out through 
 their gray mustaches, as they shortened their sword arm, "^n garde." It may be anything or 
 nothing, but the one thing certain about it all is, they were the enterprising spirits who laid the 
 foundation for this teeming wealth and sunny prosperity. Though dead, they live again. Not 
 alone in the promised land beyond the swift IJorysthems, but in the land they prepared for after 
 generations. 
 
 Many of the prominent actors in the prelude are dead, but the drama goes on, and will last 
 until the human race has run its course and the wide firmament is rolled up like a scroll. 
 
 Many of the singers are dead, but their song has gone on ; out of the darkness has come 
 a light, out of the sorrow an exceeding joy. 
 
 The present should profit by the past, and take examples from the views of these, which 
 shall make heart and home happy, better men, citizens and Americans. The present should be 
 admonished by the past, to labor with equal diligence for the personal blessings of health of body, 
 vigor of mind, and success in life, as also for the blessings promised in the life to come. 
 
 But the hard hands which prepared the way for the fruitful fields which grew from the 
 wilds of the county ; for filling its cities and towns with the habitations of men, seminaries of 
 learning, public edifices, and other evidences of a pronounced prosperity, are quietly folded in 
 their mother earth, and it must be of interest to those who enjoy their possessions, to know when, 
 where and by whom civilization was commenced, and to learn some of the incidents connected 
 with the first settlement, as also with the steps by which Fond du Lac County has attained the 
 importance claimed by its inhabitants and conceded by its neighbors. 
 
CHAPTER VIU. 
 
 CITY OF FOND DU LAC. 
 
 Past and Present— Abokioines— Early Settlement— Village of Fond du Lac— City of 
 Fond du Lac Incorporated— City Officers, 1852-1879— City of Fond du Lac A Quarter 
 of a Century Ago— Fond du Lac Post Office— Fire Department— City Lock-Up— 
 Artesian Wells— Gas Works— Schools— Bonded Indebtedness— Public Halls— Hotels 
 —Benevolent Institutions and Societies— Literary and other Societies— Public 
 Library— Secret Societies— Churches— Banks— Manufacturing Interests— Yacht 
 Clubs— Conflagrations— Rienzi Cemetery— Floods and Freshets— Incidents and 
 First Things— Early Times in Fond du Lac. 
 
 past and present. 
 
 No city in Wisconsin without water-power, mines, or adjacent lumber tracts, ever arrived 
 at a greater degree of importance, in the same time, than Fond du Lac. This is owing to the 
 richness of the surrounding country, cheap transportation, and the indefatiguable industry and 
 perseverence of its citizens. 
 
 The city, "which existed only on paper in January, 1836, contained 15,308 inhabitants in 
 1875 ; an elegant high school building, a free public library, Merrill Institute, a school for 
 young ladies, Mann's Commercial College, a German and English academy, nineteen public 
 schools and several parochial and private schools ; eighteen church edifices, six banks, one 
 monthly, five weekly and two daily newspapers, a dozen hotels, four distinct, railroads leading in 
 six directions, a blast furnace, four foundries and machine shops, four sash, door and blind fac- 
 tories, one of them the largest in the world ; two flouring mills, an extensive thrashing-machine 
 factory, the second largest wagon factory in the State, a seeder factory, ten saw-mills and vari- 
 ous other institutions and manufacturing interests. 
 
 Who can grasp in a single thought the magnitude of this wondrous change ? Gray hairs ought 
 not now to appear on the heads of those who were born when Fond du Lac was born ; yet, in the 
 few years which have sped rapidly since that time, there have been wrought great changes. 
 Large saw-mills, with their noisy, insatiable machinery and hurrying attendants, have been 
 erected on the homes of the beaver and muskrat. Paved streets, heavy blocks of stores and 
 bursting warehouses have crushed out the myriads of wild flowers that made the face of the 
 prairie a vast and variegated bouquet, and the black smoke from scores of factory chimneys has 
 taken the place of their delicious fragrance ; hedges and lawns, fountains and miniature lakes, 
 arbors and conservatories, have supplanted the long prairie grass, in which quail, grouse and 
 wild birds nested and reared their young undisturbed ; the river, whose clear waters flowed 
 unruflled into Winnebago Lake, is now turbid, and crowded with rafts of logs and lumber ; the 
 solitude of the wilderness has been violated by the rush and scream of the locomotive ; the delic- 
 i<4us and soothing hum of birds and insects at eventide has been drowned by the tumultuous din 
 of ringing bells, rattling mills, screeching whistles, and the noisy tread of eager, hurrying 
 throngs, who have never a thought of what incomparable changes have taken place under their 
 feet, over their heads, and on every hand, or of the possible changes, no less complete and 
 astonishing, in store for the future, in process of development through their every move and act. 
 The panorama of history is an interesting one, but its pictures can be fully appreciated by only 
 those who have seen them all. In fiict, no one else can even comprehend them. No description 
 of tongue or pen can fully impress upon the minds of the gay, richly dressed throngs at a party 
 to-day, that under the very floors where the figures of the " German " or the " Newport " are being 
 
m6 HISTORY OF FOND T>V LAC COUNTY. 
 
 followed, packs of hungry wolves fought with hideous snarl and howl over the carcass of one of 
 their own number; or that it was the place wh^-e the scarred and stoical savages gathered around 
 the embers of the camp-fire in solemn discussion of the fate of a captive — debating how many 
 moons should elapse before the prisoner in their midst, from some hostile tribe, should be burned 
 at the stake ; or that it was the burial place for unnumbered generations of tribes now unnamed 
 and extinct, or that instead of the lively strains from a well-trained band, years before the brave 
 captive, with unruffled brow and steady, cheerful voice, stoically chanted a battle-song amidst the yell 
 of the warriors, and the hiss of the flames about him, appearing as though the boiling pitch poured 
 upon his head, and the burning gplinters thrust into his searing flesh, gave him the utmost pleas- 
 ure. Yet all this may be true, for up to within less than a half-century the spot on which Fond 
 du Lac now stands had been for many centuries, perhaps, the favorite meeting-place of both 
 friendly and hostile tribes. Along where Forest, West Division, Doty, Cherry and Sophia 
 streets are now located, once stood a fine grove of thrifty sugar-maples, some of which were 
 " tapped " (incisions made for the sap) by the early settlers. This grove contained, in season, 
 thousands of pigeons, grouse and squirrels, many of which found their way to the tables of the 
 settlers in the form of delicious stews. Some of these maples are standing to-day, being most 
 numerous in W. C. Hamilton's yard, on the corner of Sophia and Forest streets. Wild plants 
 and flowers were also abundant beyond description, and every spring red and white " baths," 
 " adder-tongue." leeks, " Indian peppers " and other wild plants are plucked by the youngsters 
 in A. B. Taylor's ample yard, on the corner of Forest and Hickory streets, and some may be 
 seen in J. V. Jewell's yard on Doty street. There is probably no other city of equal size, in 
 the Northwest, where wild flowers grow in its most thickly settled parts. 
 
 Where Meyer's factory and dry-house now stand, was one of the most beautiful crab-apple 
 groves, which was not removed until the village began to have young people to enjoy its rich 
 fra<ifrance in spring, its cool shade in summer, and hurl away bushels of its hard, bitter fruit 
 in the fall, while engaged in lively but good-natured battles. 
 
 The city of Fond du Lac is situated on a level prairie, at the south end of Lake Winne- 
 bago, and is particularly free from epidemic and malarial diseases, because of its pure atmos- 
 phere and abundance of fresh spring water, from its scores of artesian wells, called fountains, 
 whence the place derives the popular name of "Fountain City." What Fond du Lac now is 
 may be seen of all ; history requires that what she has been be more particularly dealt with. 
 
 THE SITE. 
 
 The location of Fond du Lac was, as previou.sly explained, made by the Fond du Lac Com- 
 pany, who purchased a large number of acres of land in this vicinity in 1835. The village 
 plat was made in that year, and covered what is now " lower " and " middle " town. The site 
 was chosen by James Duane Doty, who built a house in Empire, in 1838. 
 
 One reason which induced Doty to select this as a site for a city, was the well-established 
 fact that nearly all the largest cities of the West are built upon the ruins of important Indian 
 villages, and such were known to have existed here at no very distant day. 
 
 Some have pronounced the choice of location a wise one, and others have expressed them- 
 selves to the contrary. The only drawbacks of any importance are the low marshy shores of the 
 lake, rendering them undesirable for building-sites, and the shallowness of the river and harbor, 
 rendering such commerce as was at one time anticipated, partially impracticable, alchough% 
 large amount of trafficking has been carried on by water since the earliest settlement of the 
 place. 
 
 These drawbacks are entirely lost sight of, however, when the city's many advantages 
 are brought into comparison. On one side is Lake Winnebago, which furnishes fish, pure cool 
 breezes and unlimited rafting and lumbering facilities ; on every block are perpetual fountains 
 of pure cold water, sufficient for private use and fire purposes ; on the one side are lime-kilns 
 and extensive stone quarries ; on another, forests of hard wood ; on another, pits of sand ; on 
 another, clay for the manufacture of bricks, and, stretching for miles back to the east, west, 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 567 
 
 south, northwest and northeast, is a larger section of rich, thickly settled farming country than 
 is tributary to any other city in the State. On the whole, therefore, it would seem that the 
 choice of location was the best that could have been made, for no other city possesses so many 
 valuable advantages. 
 
 ABORIGINES. 
 
 The place where Fond du Lac stands was a favorite camping-ground for the Indians, owing 
 to its beautiful location. It attracted all comers at once, and was the site of several Indian 
 villages of greater or less pretensions. 
 
 When the whites first came to Fond du Lac, ancient corn fields could be traced on either 
 side of the river, and a short distance below where the La Belle Wagon Works now stand, on 
 Forest street, was an Indian burial ground, from which bones have been taken in making e.xca- 
 vations for building. 
 
 An Indian skull has been for some years in use as an emblem in the Knights of Honor 
 Lodge, which was taken from another burial place on the high sandy point about equidistant 
 from the foot of Harney street and Lake Winnebago. As the Indians never bury their dead 
 except in the land of their fathers, and as the latest tribes occupying Fond du Lac came mostly 
 for purposes of trading, rather than permanent occupation, these burial places must have been 
 in use a great many years ago. A more beautiful place for the eternal rest of the dead could 
 not have been chosen — the blue lake upon one side, the thickly wooded " Ledge " on the other; 
 the rich, green prairie, decked with nearly a hundred varieties of bright and fragrant wild flow- 
 ers, stretching far away to the west and south on the other, with a river flowing between — made 
 a picture excelled nowhere in nature. 
 
 The latest' Indian occupants of the land on which Fond du Lac stands were the Menom- 
 onees. They occupied the locality and the prairies in the vicinity as soon as the Winnebagoes 
 left. The most harm these Indians ever did to the settlers was to steal a few pigs, a horse and 
 a cow, and set fire to the prairies for the purpose of driving up game. They did not claim to 
 have any right to the country, but took possession simply because the Winnebagoes were gone, 
 and the locality was a pleasing one. In 1839, the settlers had a meeting at Fond du Lac, at 
 which the matter of setting fires by the Menomonees was discussed, and their leaders were told 
 that the practice, which had become a costly annoyance by destroying fences, crops and timber, 
 must be stopped, or the Government would be called upon to remove them. They set no more 
 fires, and were soon after removed. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The first settlement of what is now the city of Fond du Lac was, as has already been 
 shown, the first settlement of the county. 
 
 We have seen how, in June, 1836, Colwert Pier and family became the first settlers ; how they 
 were followed in March, 1837, by Edward Pier and his family ; how, soon after, other members 
 of the Pier family arrived in the infant settlement ; and how, on the 1st day of March, 1838,^ 
 the relatives were called to mourn the death of Fanny, wife of Colwert Pier, the pioneer woman of 
 Fond du Lac County, and of what is now the city of Fond du Lac. On the 3d day of that 
 month, while the few mourners were at the grave of the departed, John Bannister, a surveyor, 
 came from Green Bay to Fond du Lac with his family. He lived a short time (about a year) in 
 the Company's log house, and then moved to a place south and outside of the present city limits. 
 
 About the 12th of April, 1838, Dr. Mason C. Darling arrived from Sheboygan, having 
 been in the settlement a few weeks before. As Dr. Darling was very prominent in the early 
 history of Fond du Lac, it will be interesting to know how and why he came here. He was, 
 previous to 1838, a poor man, with a small practice as a physician at Sheboygan. The Fond 
 du Lac Company was anxious to have people settle where the village had been platted, as rapidly 
 as possible, in order to get the tide of immigration turned in this direction. Gov. Doty, as 
 Trustee for the Company, therefore, thinking a physician and surgeon necessary, on May 21, 
 1838, consummated a contract with Dr. Darling, which agreed to exchange Lots 22, 37, 42, 43, 
 
568 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 44 and 45, situated near the river, in what is now " Lower Town ; " eighty acres of land in what 
 is now the heart of the city, and a large tract in the town of Fond du Lac, for his office in She- 
 boygan ; provided, that he should build a house on the large tract, now within the confines of the 
 city, cultivate it as a farm, and build and put in motion the Clark saw-mill in the town of Fond 
 du Lac, then commenced. The tract, which the contract required should be made a place of 
 residence and cultivated as a farm, embraced all the land lying within a line drawn from the 
 corner of Forest and Union streets south to Western Avenue, thence east on Western Avenue 
 and between Fourth and Fifth streets to Ellis street ; thence north on Ellis to Gillet and west 
 through R. A. Baker's bank and on Forest to the corner of Forest and Union streets, and con- 
 taining eighty acres. The proviso contained in the contract that Dr. Darling should live on this 
 eighty and "cultivate it as a farm" was to prevent its being cut up into village lots and sold in 
 competition with the Fond du Lac Company's land adjoining. This contract seems to have been 
 satisfactorily fulfilled at the beginning, for, soon after, the mill spoken of was in operation and 
 Dr. Darling had a warranty deed of all the land promised him by the company. 
 
 In a short time, however. Dr. Darling, having a few shares in the stock of the Fond du Lac 
 Company, sued in chancery for a division of property. This suit, which tied up all the land the 
 title of which lay in the Company, was brought before Judge A. G. Miller at Green Bay, Feb- 
 ruary 19, 1844. The suit was not decided until the first Monday in October, 1845, during 
 which time Dr. Darling was buying land in what is now the south part of the city, dividing it 
 into smaller parcels and selling or giving it away to those who would agree to build thereon, 
 thus advancing the value of the eighty given him by the Company, while the value of the 
 Company's village plat in what is now " lower " and " middle '' Fond du Lac, remained station- 
 ary. The Master in Chancery decided February 28, 1844, that, pending the suit, no more land 
 belonging to the Fond du Lac Company should be sold or deeded, which was no sooner done 
 than Dr. Darling gave to the county the tract of land on which the Court House now stands, 
 with the proviso that a county building should be erected thereon at once. This, together 
 with the suit in chancery and the gifts to attract settlers, of several village lots, turned immigra- 
 tion to the vicinity of Dr. Darling's property, and secured the location of the county seat and 
 village where the city now is. 
 
 But to return to the matter of Dr. Darling's first settlement in Fond du Lac : On the 14th 
 of June his wife arrived with her three children — Keyes A., Helen M. and Louie Darling. 
 They were brought from Calumet, where they had just arrived from Sheboygan, by Gustavo 
 de Neveu and A. D. Clark, on the lake in a large yawl made by Mr. Clark — the first one ever 
 built in Fond du Lac, which Mr. de Neveu had purchased for $40. The boat also con- 
 tained A. T. Denniston and his family of a wife and two children (whom Mr. de Neveu had 
 hired at Oshkosh to manage his farm), and Mrs. May (whose husband was found dead in the 
 town of Calumet a few days later), and her son, a child two years of age. A heavy storm 
 drove the boat to Taycheedah, from which place all had to walk to Fond du Lac, a distance of 
 three miles. Mr. de Neveu lost his hat in the storm, and it was a matter of wonder afterward 
 that the boat, which contained twelve persons, was not swamped and its precious burden lost. 
 Dr. Darling lived in the Company's log house but a short time before he had erected another 
 house where Darling's Block now stands, corner of First and Main streets, and opened it as a 
 temperance hotel. The next year, learning the date at which John Bannister's lease of the 
 Fond du Lac House — as the Company's house was then called — would expire, he went on horse- 
 back to Green Bay and rented it. He thereupon became John Bannister's successor as Post- 
 master, and as soon as Mr. Bannister's time was out, moved the post office to his own building 
 and closed up and locked the Company's house. He also gave at that time, to his own hotel and 
 residence, the name of the " Fond du Lac House." This has caused confusion as to where the 
 Fond du Lac House was located — some maintaining it was at the corner of Brooke and Rees 
 streets and others that it was on the corner of Main and First streets. Both are right, as there 
 were two public houses by that name. The old Fond du Lac House was not kept closed very long ; 
 but Dr. Darling gained his point and got the post office moved to his portion of the settlement. 
 
HISTORY OF FUND DU LAC COUNTY. 569 
 
 From this time on, settlers began to arrive, in too large numbers to make it practicable to 
 follow out particularly the hardships and success of each. Properly, their history would not 
 belong to the village or city of Fond du Lac ; for, although most of them came directly to the set- 
 tlement and remained at the hotels or with some private family for a few weeks or months, many 
 of them pushed out upon the prairies beyond the present city limits, to establish homes as 
 soon as they could. 
 
 VILLAGE OF FOND DU LAC. 
 
 On Monday, March 1, 1847, agreeably to previous notice, the inhabitants of the settle- 
 ment of Fond du Lac held a meeting for the purpose of adopting or rejecting the charter for a 
 village corporation previously prepared and passed by the Legislature. At 11 o'clock A. M., 
 the meeting was called to order by the election of Mason C. Darling, Moderator, and J. J. 
 Driggs, Clerk. The vote was taken by ballot, and resulted in 49 votes for the adoption of the 
 charter, and 11 for rejection. The charter was declared adopted, and an election immediately 
 ordered for the choice of village officers. This resulted in the election of Mason C. Darling, 
 President ; John A. Eastman, Moses S. Gibson, T. L. Gillett, Isaac Brown, S. S. N. Fuller 
 and J. J. Driggs, Trustees ; E. W. Drury, Treasurer ; W. A. Dewey, Clerk, and 0. S. Wright, 
 Constable. On the 7th of April, these officers had a meeting, took the oath of office, 
 and appointed M. C. Darling, Isaac Brown and S. S. N. Fuller a committee to prepare " a code 
 of by-laws for the village," and T. L. Gillet, S. S. N. Fuller, J. A. Eastman, J. J. Driggs and 
 M. S. Gibson were made a committee to draft and report ordinances for the village of Fond 
 du Lac. 
 
 The second election of village officers was held at the Cottage Inn, where the American 
 House now stands, corner Main and Court streets, March 6. 1848, and had to be adjourned to 
 the next day on account of a tie vote between M. S. Gibson, A. D. Bonesteel and Cornelius . 
 Davis, for Trustees. The number of votes cast the second day was 97, and A. D. Bonesteel 
 and Edgar Conklin were elected. After that, for a few months, the Board of Trustees had 
 regular and special meetings in rapid succession to wrestle with the question of whether Western 
 avenue should be opened and sidewalks built. Finally, in March, 1848, it was resolved to have 
 "cross walks." This resolution was hailed with delight by the muddy-booted burghers, but the 
 walks were slow in being built. Some idea of the progress made may be had from a paragraph 
 in one of the local papers of May, 1848, which, said : " Only think of it ! Scarce three 
 months have passed since the ordinance was passed to construct sidewalks, and full one-tenth of 
 the work is now completed. At this rate, this grand, extensive improvement will be finished in 
 the unparalleled short space of two and one-half years from the date of its commencement! " 
 
 The third election for village officers was held at the Court House, March 5, 1849. The 
 manner of conducting these elections, of which a record was made by Samuel Ryan, would be 
 entirely novel, if not beneficial^ at the present day. E. W. Davis was chosen Moderator, and 
 Samuel Ryan, Clerk, both of whom were solemnly sworn to do their duty, fear God, and sup- 
 port the Constitution of the State and the United States. In March, 1851, the village fathers 
 had grown so thrifty that an ordinance was passed compelling every lecturer to pay a license of 
 $1 to the City Clerk, no matter on what subject the lecture might be. This was considered an 
 outrage by itinerant orators, and was frequently evaded by declaring that the matter to be 
 delivered was a sermon and not a lecture. Concerts, shows and exhibitions were granted 
 licenses upon payment of from $3 to $20. 
 
 A writer, in the spring of 1847, thus speaks o*' the village : " Within three years has sprung 
 up, as if by magic, our thriving village of 400 inhabitants, where three years ago stood a soli- 
 tary log house. We have two taverns, four stores, two groceries, three blacksmith-shops, three 
 tailor-shops, one cooper-shop, one wagon-shop, one harness-shop, one fanning-raill shop, two tin- 
 shops, two cabinet-shops, three shoe-shops, one jewelers-shop, etc., etc. As yet we have no pub- 
 lic buildings, but the Court House and Jail are in process of erection. A grist-mill is now in 
 course of building. Heretofore, a great inconvenience has been felt on account of a lack of lum- 
 ber and building materials, but there will be less difficulty this season, as we have one steam 
 
570 HISTORY OF FOND T>V LAC COUNTY. 
 
 and one water saw-mill in operation — but the demand is very great. There are now in course 
 of building, or to be commenced in the course of a few weeks, some thirty dwelling-houses, and to 
 these there are to be added several stores and offices. 
 
 " The legal profession is well supplied. We have seven practicing lawyers. We have but 
 two practicing physicians. We have also three resident clergymen. As yet there are no 
 churches ; it is contemplated, however, to build two or three during the season. 
 
 " The village is built on land heretofore owned by Dr. Darling, and has been confined to his 
 purchase, owing to the unwillingness or inability of the Fond du Lac Company to make sales. 
 During the last season, however, the lands adjoining the town [village] were thrown into the 
 market, and were purchased by different individuals. Lots can be purchased to suit settlers, at 
 reasonable prices, either for places of business or private dwellings. The country round about 
 is of the most fertile soil, and the land generally taken. 
 
 " Our population is chiefly from New England and Western New York, and of such a char- 
 acter as to invite the stranger to come and dwell among us." 
 
 Says another writer the same year : " We were not aware, until the last week, of the num- 
 ber of buildings which are now in a state of forwardness, or under contract to be erected in this 
 place this season. Upon inquiring, we find that arrangerafents have already been made for erect- 
 ing nearly one hundred buildings, among which will be two, if not three, churches ; a large and 
 commodious court house, one or more public sclioolhouses, besides stores, mechanics' shops and 
 dwellings. Measures are being taken to form a company for the purpose of supplying the vill- 
 age with pure and wholesome water, from the beautiful spring on the farm of Col. Conklin, by 
 means of a water-line pipe and reservoir. The distance is about three miles. The annals of 
 Wisconsin cannot show a village which has sprung up with greater rapidity, or that exhibits a 
 greater degree of prosperity and enterprise than Fond du Lac." 
 
 A writer, on the 22d of September of the following year, says: " The prosperity of Fond 
 du Lac is steadily advancing, and it promises soon to become one of the most tiiriving inland 
 towns [villages] of the Territory. Several commodious buildings are being erected. Mr. Hebert's 
 new hotel [the building now called the City Hotel] will be a splendid structure when finished — 
 it is 50 feet long by 40 wide, three stories high, and will be surmounted by a commodious 
 observatory. * * * The frame of the new Court House was raised last week. It is a mag- 
 nificent structure, and will be finished in a becoming style by Mr. Isaac Brown, the enterprising 
 contractor. It is three stories high — the basement of stone to be used as a jail. This is the 
 only building in the place which should remain tenantless. May the owls and bats, cats and 
 rats, forever revel in the halls of its basement." 
 
 A Vermonter, who afterward became a prominent citizen of the city of Fond du Lac, sent 
 the following doggerel to the Burlington, Vt., Free Press, in August, 1847, which was freely 
 used by the Green Mountain newspaper publishers to prevent emigration to Wisconsin : 
 
 " Great western "waste of bottom land, 
 Flat as pancake, rich as grease! 
 Where gnats are full aa big as toads, 
 And skeeters are as big as geese ! 
 
 "Oh. lonesome, windy, grassy place, 
 
 Where butfaloes and sn.akes prevail ; 
 The first with dreailful-looking face, 
 The last with dreadful-sounding tail. 
 
 " I'd rather live on camel's rump, 
 And be a Yankee-doodle beggar. 
 Than where they never see a stump 
 
 And shake to death with fever 'n ager." 
 
 In August, 1849, the inhabitants were startled with the passage and posting of an ordi- 
 nance declaring that after that time chimneys of brick or stone must be built in all houses. This 
 was regarded by many of the villagers as an unwarranted usurpation of power, and they put forth 
 the opinion that they could build fires under their beds if they wished, or burn down their 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 571 
 
 shanties without the consent of an upstart village council. But the war on the resolution of the 
 " upstart council," as the village board of trustees was sarcastically named, soon came to an end, 
 and all new houses were built with chimneys. 
 
 No election was held for village officers in the spring of 1850. The necessity for one had 
 been entirely overlooked. This omission was the butt of numberless gibes by the press of the 
 Northwest. . 
 
 The village oiEcers elected for 1848, and at subsequent meetings until the city was incor- 
 porated, were as follows : 
 
 Presidents. — George Mc Williams, 1848 ; J. Bannister, 1849 ; Isaac Brown, 1851 ; D. R. 
 Curran, 1852. 
 
 Trustees. — John C. Lewis, John Bannister, Isaac Brown and J. J. Driggs, 1848 ; A. D. 
 Bonesteel, M. L. Noble, Isaac Brown and Ueorge Williams, 1849 ; (Juartus M. Olcott, C. J. 
 Goss, M. L. Noble, E. Perkins, M. C. Darling and David R. Curran, 1851 ; W. A. Dewey, F. D. 
 McCarty, E. H. Galloway, G. F. Brownson, J. B. Wilbor and J. Q. Griffith, 1852. 
 
 Treasurers. — Isaac Brown, 1848, resigned March 11, and Selira Newton, appointed his 
 successor; William Farnsworth, 1849; John Bonnell, 1851; Horace W. Newton, 1852. 
 
 Clerks.— A. L. Williams, 1848 ; 0. S. Wright, 1849-51, resigned July 29 of that year, 
 and A. W. Paine was appointed in his stead ; A. H. Boardman, 1852. 
 
 Constables.— Z. L. Chapman, 1848-49 ; Charles McCarty, 1851 ; N. C. King, 1852. 
 
 CITY OF FOND DU LAC INCORPORATED. 
 
 The village of Fond du Lac was incorporated as a city in April, 1852. The charter, pre- 
 viously passed by the Legislature, established the boundaries and divided the territory into two 
 wards, as it had been before. In 1869, a strip of land forty rods wide was added on the west 
 and south sides of the city, and eighty rods on the east side, except on the northeast corner, 
 which left Luco outside of the city. 
 
 The description of the city now is as follows: All that district of country included in the 
 west half of Section 2 and the west half of the east half of Section 2 ; all of Section 3 ; the 
 east half of the east half and the east half of the west half of the east half of Section 4 ; the 
 east half of the east half and the east half of the west half of the east half of Section 9 ; all 
 of Section 10 ; the west half of Section 11 ; the west half of the east half of Section 11 ; the 
 southeast quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 11 ; all of Sections 14 and 15 ; the east 
 half of the east half and the east half of the west half of the east half of Section 16 ; the 
 north halt of the north half of the northeast quarter and the northeast quarter of the north- 
 west quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 21 ; the north half of the north half of the 
 north half of Section 22 ; and the north half of the north half of the north half of Section 
 23, in Town 15 north, of Range 17 east, in the Menasha land district. 
 
 When first incorporated as a city, there were two wards, called the North and South Wards, 
 as the village had been divided when incorporated, which form continued for a year, when the 
 two wards were made three. In 1854, the city was re-districted, and five wards were erected. 
 These five wards remained intact until the spring of 1875, when they were erected into eight 
 ■wards, the present number. The city is governed by a Common Council, consisting of the 
 Mayor and three Aldermen from each ward, only two of whom can vote in Council meetings. 
 Aldermen are elected one at a time in each ward, and hold office three years, but they 
 are entitled to no vote the first year after election. The other officers are a Comptroller, whose 
 salary is $300 per year ; a City Attorney, whose salary is $550 per year, both elected by the 
 Council ; a City Treasurer, whose salary is $800, who is elected by popular ballot every spring ; 
 a City Clerk, elected annually by the Council, whose salary is now $600 per annum, though it 
 has been higher ; a Superintendent of Schools, elected by the Board of Education, whose 
 salary is $500 per annum ; a Chief of Police, elected by the Council, whose salary is $600 per 
 annum ; a Chief Fire Marshal, elected by the Council, whose salary is $250 per annum ; a 
 
572 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 City Surveyor, elected by the Council, whose salary is $2 per day for actual service ; a Side- 
 walk Superintendent, who is appointed by the Council, whose salary is $450 per year, and a 
 Board of Education, consisting of one Commissioner from each ward, elected annually by the 
 Council. By an amendment of February 9, 1880, the Board of Health was abolished, and one 
 Health Officer is now appointed by the Council for one year, in its place. The same amend- 
 ment gave the City Council power to appoint a Poor Commissioner, a Purchasing Agent and a^ 
 Sealer of Weights and Measures. 
 
 The city has Constables and Justices of the Peace the same as any town, but no municipal 
 or Police Judge. There have been, since 1877, three Justices of the Peace elected at large. 
 They have jurisdiction over all the minor criminal cases brought before them by the police, and 
 hold office two years. 
 
 All policemen are appointed by the Council. Their pay is S-So per month, with no fees 
 for serving papers of any kind. The city now has only five policemen besides the Chief, but 
 there is an agitation in favor of increasing this number. 
 
 The Board of Public Works was abolished by an amendment to the charter, and, by 
 another amendment, which took effect in 1879, three Assessors are now elected at large, instead 
 of one from each ward. 
 
 In 1879, the entire city charter was revised by a committee appointed by the Council, but, 
 when it had been passed by the Legislature, it was discovered that the city had no Second 
 Ward — at least none in the charter. This was rectified by the Legislature of 1880. 
 
 At the beginning of 1880, each Alderman was made a Poor Commissioner, but the exper- 
 iment proved so disastrously burdensome in a financial sense, that a special act was passed, as 
 before noted, to provide for the election of a Poor Commissioner and a Purchasing Agent. 
 
 CITY OFFICERS, 1852 1879. 
 
 Ma)/ors.—M. C. Darling, 1852; George McWilliams, 1853; Isaac Brown, 1854; M. C. 
 Darling, 1855; D. E. Hoskins, 1856; Isaac S. Sherwood, 1857; John Bannister, 1858; John 
 Potter, 1859; E. H. Galloway, 1860; J. M. Taylor, 1861; A. D. Bonesteel, 1862-63; J. 
 M. Taylor, 1864-65; James Sawver, 1866; W. H. Hiner, 1867; C. J. L. Meyer, 1868; 
 John Nichols, 1869 ; T. J. Patchin"; 1870; E. N. Foster, 1871-72: Alexander McDonald, 
 1873; H. H. Dodd, 1874; G. W. Lusk, 1875-76; C. A. Galloway, 1877: Orin Hatch, 1878; 
 S. S. Bowers, 1879. 
 
 Treasurers.— J. M. Tavlor, 1852; E. H. Galloway, 1853-54; William A. Dewey, 1855; 
 John Petit, 1856-57: C. L."' Pierce, 1858: T. S. Henry, 1859; R. Ebert, 1860-61-62; Louis 
 Rupp, 1863; R. Ebert, 1864; J. H. Clum, 1865-66-67: R. Ebert, 1868-69; Edward Col- 
 man, 1870-71; John S. Burrows, 1872-73; J. C. Perry, 1874-75; John Spence, 1876-77; 
 Byron Town, 1878 ; J. C. Pierron, 1879. 
 
 Supervisors. — E. H. Galloway and W. H. Hiner, 1852 ; John Nichols and Jared Chapel, 
 1853; Isaac Brown, J. M. Taylor and John Peacock, 1854; Henry Conklin, D. E. Hoskins 
 J. M. Taylor, G. W. Sexmith and E. Delany, 1855; Henry Conklin, A. Carswell, J. M. 
 Taylor, T. S. Henry and Edmund Delany, 1856; Keyes A. Darling, W. D. Conklin, C. A. 
 Rider, George Williams and E. Delany, 1857 ; E. A. Brown, E. S. Bragg, J. M. Taylor, 
 John Maginnis, and C. N. Parker, 1858; J. H. Hayford, E. S. Bragg, T. W. Dee, George 
 Williams and C. R. Harrison. 1859 ; E. Beeson, E. S. Bragg, G. W. Sawyer, R. A. Baker 
 and C. R. Harrison, 1860 ; W. D. Sherwood, E. S. Bragg, B. F. Moore, R. A. Baker and M. 
 Lockwood, 1861 : John Potter, J. Mathews, John Bonnell, R. A. Baker and James Sawyer, 
 1862; K. A. Darling, J. Mathews, H. A. Francis. W. M. Phelan and J. Sawyer, 1863; C. 
 McLean, L. Rupp, P. L. Morse, James Conneughty and C. R. Harrison, 1864: A. B. Taylor, 
 L. Rupp, A. C. Everest, C. E. Crane and James Sawyer, 1865; J. W. Valentine, E. W. Davis, 
 W. C. Hamilton, S. A. Chase and Charles Lucia, 18(36; E. R. Ferris, John Mathews, A. B. 
 Taylor, S. A. Chase and John Killups, 1867: W. Koehne, E. W. Davis, A. P. Merriman, L. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 573 
 
 ■Canfield and E. M. McGraw, 1868; N. C. Giffin, C. C. L. Webster, D. W. C. Prest, J. Fitz- 
 gei'ald and L. Graves, 1869; H. Shattuck, C L. Ailing, H. P. Brown, W. Reaping and U. D. 
 Mihills, 1870; William Koehne, John Boyd, H. P. Brown, S. A. Chase and 0. C. Bissell, 
 1871 (November 13, C. L. Ailing elected to fill vacancy occasioned by the absence of John 
 Boyd): William Koehne, C. F. Kalk, S. W. Edson, C. L. Encking and Nathan Parker, 1872: 
 L. R. Lewis, C. F. Kalk, M. W. Simmons, C. A. Galloway and Nathan Parker, 1873 ; T. F. 
 Mayham, C L. Ailing, M. W. Simmons, S. A. Chase and John W. Gill, 1874; J. F. M. 
 Gaertner, C. L. Ailing, John Spence, C. L. Encking, 0. C. Bissell, Leroy Graves, A. Haber- 
 man and Orin Hatch, 1875; S. S. Bowers, Byron Town, J. C. Lowell, S. A. Chase, 0. C. 
 Bissell, Leroy Graves, David Chamberlain and A. G. Little, 1876 ; John Musgat, C. Serwe, 
 
 B. F. Moore, C. H. De Groat, J. T. Fontana, J. M. Crippen, John Gallagher and A. T. Little, 
 1877: F. B. Hoskins, of the First, Joseph Radford, of the Second, B. F. Moore, of the Third, 
 A. H. Bruett, of the Fourth, 0. C. Bissell of the Fifth, George Hunter, of the Sixth, William 
 Ladewig, of the Seventh, and Martin Kaeding, of the Eighth Ward, 1878; T. F. Mayham, of 
 the First, C. L. Ailing, of the Second, A. B. Taylor, of the Third, A. H. Bruett, of the 
 Fourth, 0. C. Bissell, of the Fifth, B. F. Sweet, of 'the Sixth, D. Shaefer, of the Seventh, and 
 Martin Kaeding, of the Eighth Ward, 1879. 
 
 Assessors. — C. J. Goos and John H. Worden, 1852 ; J. M. Taylor and John Case, 1853 ; 
 Leonard Arnold, J. M. Taylor and J. L. Henry, 185-1; Charles Chandler, A. S. Gregory, John 
 Bonnell, C. J. Goss and W. C. Little, 1855 ; Charles Chandler, W. T. Gibson and William 
 Little, 1856 ; Isaac Brown, Q. M. Olcott, G. W. Sawyer, George Williams and W. C. Little, 
 1857 ; Charles Chandler, John B. Wilbor, Isaac Tompkins, John L. Henry and E. Delaney. 
 1858 ; E. R. Ferris, J. B. Wilbor, C. C. P. Gould, John L. Heiry and W. C. Little, 1859 ; 
 Isaac Brown, John Mathews, C. M. Tompkins, C. D. Gromme and E. Delany, 1860 ; Isaac 
 Brown, John Mathews. William T. Gibson, William M. Phelan and W. A. Foster, 1861 ; Isaac 
 Brown, J. B. Wilbor, W. T. Gibson, W. M. Phelan and W. A. Foster, 1862 ; Isaac Brown, E. 
 W. Davis, C. C. P. Gould, C. Serwe and James Sawyer, 1863 ; E. Delany, C. D. Gromme, 
 
 C. A. Rider, E. W. Davis, and E. Beeson, 1864 ; Edward Beeson, E. W. Davis, Stephen Haw- 
 kins, George Williams and Edward Beaver, 1865 : David Babcock, E. W. Davis, A. C. Everest, 
 George Williams and T. T. Miner, 1866 ; D. W. Smith, John Mathews, C. A. Rider, George 
 Williams and E. Beaver, 1867 ; W. M. Phalen, 1868-69 ; Harvey Durand, John Mathews, D. 
 Chamberlain, W. M. Phelan and E. L. Maloney, 1870 ; Harvey Durand, E. W. Davis, D. 
 Chamberlain, E. Delany and E. L. Maloney, 1871 ; H. Durand, C. L. Ailing, D. Chamber- 
 lain, W. M. Phelan and E. L. Maloney, 1872 ; Harvey Durand, E. W. Davis, D. Chamber- 
 lain, W. M. Phelan and E. L. Maloney, 1873; Harvey Durand, J. B. Wilbor, David Chamberlain, 
 W. M. Phelan and E. L. Maloney. 1874 ; Charles Chandler, C. F. Kalk, N. L. Bullis, W. M. 
 Phelan, E. L. Maloney. John D. Coon, A. Hammond and Charles Olmsted, 1876 ; Charles 
 Chandler, C. F. Kalk, N. L. Bullis, W. M. Phelan, E. L. Maloney. N. N. Bissonnette, Arthur 
 Hammond and H. Stoldt, 1876 ; Charles Chandler, C. F. Kalk,'N. L. Bullis, W. M. Phelan, 
 P. McMonagle, J. D. Coon, C. R. Young and H. Stoldt, 1877 ; Charles Chandler, James T. 
 Greene, N. L. Bullis, W. M. Phelan, Pat. McMonagle, J.' D. Coon, C. R. Young and H. 
 Stoldt, 1878 ; W. M. Phelan, N. L. Bullis. and E. L. Maloney. 1879. 
 
 Aldermen. — 1852 — E. H. Galloway, W. H. Hiner, G. F. Brownson, Isaac Tompkins and 
 John C. Lewis. 1853 — John Nichols, Kasson Freeman, Josiah Tryon, Jared Chapel, Morgan 
 L. Noble and R. A. Baker. 1854 — Isaac Brown, John Nichols, Isaac Tompkins, J. M. Tay- 
 lor, William B. Brand and A. G. Butler. 1855 — Henry Conklin, Z. Rice and A. Raymond, 
 of the First Ward ; D. E. Hoskins, James Ewen and Peter Rupp, of the Second ; J. M. Tay- 
 lor, Jason Wilkins and Josiah Tryon, of the Third ; G. W. Sexmith. John Case and A. White, 
 of the Fourth, and E. Delany, L." Canfield and William M. Phelan, of the Fifth. 1856— Henry 
 Conklin, J. W. Valentine and D. W. Smith, of the First Ward ; -John B. Wilbor, Allen Cars- 
 well and Peter Rupp, of the Second ; J. M. Taylor, Carlos A. Rider and Isaac Tompkins, of 
 the Third ; Thomas S. Henry, E. H. Jones and Hiram Pitcher, of the Fourth, and Edmund 
 
574 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Delany, C. N. Parker and William M. Phelan, of the Fifth. 1857— Keyes A. Darling, Francis 
 
 D. McCarty and Thomas H. Green, of the First ; William D. Conklin, Lewis Rupp and 
 Joseph Lawler, of the Second ; C. A. Rider, Thomas W. Dee and R. N. Purdy, of the Third ; 
 G. Williams, C. N. Snell and D. Pitcher, of the Fourth, and Edmund Delany, C. N. Parker 
 and T. T. Miner, of the Fifth. 1858— E. A. Brown, F. D. McCarty and A. W. Rider, of 
 the First; E. S. Bragg, John Petit and A. J. Reed, of the Second; J. M. Taylor, E. W, 
 Drury and G. W. Sawyer, of the Third ; John Maginnis, Riley Shepard, of the Fourth, and C. 
 N. Parker, C. R. Harrison arid James Sawyer, of the Fifth. 1859 — J.' H. Hayford, J. W. 
 Valentine and Lathrop Ellis, of the First; E. S. Bragg, S. E. Lefferts and John Mathews, of 
 the Second ; Thomas W. Dee, A. C. Everest and R. L. Morris, of the Third ; George Will- 
 iams, John Case and C. D. Gromme, of the Fourth, and C. R. Harrison, W. C. Little and S. G. 
 Ogden, of the Fifth. 18G0 — Edward Beeson, Joseph Olmsted and T. Roach, of the First Ward ; 
 
 E. S. Bragg, A. Carswell and C. L. Ailing, of the Second ; G. W. Sawyer, N. Carroll and D. 
 
 A. Raymond, of the Third ; R. A. Baker, James Whitton and Martin Curran, of the Fourth, 
 and C. R. Harrison, J. B. Johnson and L. Canfield, of the Fifth. 1861 — W. D. Sherwood, 
 H. P. Olds and A. D. Ward, of the First Ward ; E. S. Bragg, A. Carswell and Peter Rupp, 
 of the Second ; B. F. Moore, John McKibben and D. C. Lepper, of the Third ; R. A. Baker, 
 James Conneughty and Christopher Serwe, of the Fourth, and Monson Lockwood, James Saw- 
 yer, and H. S. Gilbert, of the Fifth. 1862 — John Potter, A. B. Taylor and James W. Valentine, 
 of the First Ward ; John Mathews, W. D. Conklin and John Peacock, of the Second ; John 
 Bonnell, Caspar Buechner and Ira McChain, of the Third ; R. A. Baker, James Conneughty 
 and William Dougherty, of the Fourth, and James Sawyer, Daniel Roberts and George Hun- 
 ter, of the Fifth. 1863— K. A. Darling, L. F. Stowe and Thomas Gibson, of the First Ward; 
 John Mathews, S. A. Dudley and A. L. Crocker, of the Second ; H. A. Francis, P. L. Morse 
 and J. R. Cole, of the Third ; William M. Phelan, I. S. Tallmadge and W. Dougherty, of the 
 Fourth, and James Sawyer, George Hunter and M. Lockwood, of the Fifth. 1864 — Campbell 
 McLean, E. B. Ingram "and H. Courtney, of the First Ward ; Louis Rupp, Robert Flint and 
 S. B. Amory, of the Second; P. L. Morse, A. C. Everest and G. W. Sawyer, of the Third ; J. 
 Conneughty, Anthony Grisi and John Sewell, of the Fourth, and C. R. Harrison, John Saw- 
 yer and Daniel Roberts, of the Fifth. 1865 — A. B. Taylor, James W. Valentine and Charles 
 
 F. Kalk, of the First Ward ; Louis Rupp, Samuel B. Amory and I. S. Sherwood, of the Sec- 
 ond ; A. C. Everest, W, C. Hamilton and J. R. Deland, of the Third ; C. E. Crane, G. F. 
 Brownson and Peter Servatius, of the Fourth, and John Sawyer, W. H. Hiner and L. Beau- 
 dreau, of the Fifth. 1866 — James W. Valentine, Henry Shattuck and A. D. Ward, of the 
 First Ward ; E. W. Davis, C. Serwe and J. W. Cunny, of the Second ; W. C. Hamilton, A. 
 
 B. Taylor and Nathan Carroll, of the Third ; S. A. Chase, W. D. Davis and Charles Lucia, of 
 the Fourth, and Daniel Roberts, John B. Killips and W. H. Hiner, of the Fifth. 1867— E. 
 R. Ferris, L. Holmes and Charles Chandler, of the First Ward ; John Boyd, John Mathews 
 and C. Serwe, of the Second ; A. B. Taylor, C. J. L. Meyer and J. R. Smith, of the Third ; 
 S. A. Chase, D. Trotier and A. H. Bruett, of the Fourth, and John B. Killips, 0. C. Bissell and 
 T. T. Miner, of the Fifth. 1868— W. Koehne, L. Holmes and W. Shattuck, of the First 
 Ward ; E. W. Davis, J. Mathews and C. Serwe, of the Second ; A. P. Merriman, D. W. C. 
 Priest and C. Branshaw, of the Third ; L. Canfield, P. Servatius and C. Lucia, of the Fourth, 
 and E. M. McGraw, C. Pierron and George Hunter, of the Fifth. May 11, 1868. L. Canfield, 
 of the Fourth Ward, resigned, and A. J. McDonald was elected to fill the vacancy. 1869 — N. 
 
 C. Gifiin, W. Koehne and J. S. Youmans, of the First Ward ; C. C. L. Webster, M. Curran 
 and F. Sander, of the Second ; D. W. C. Priest, C. Buechner and W. Bensil, of the Third ; J. 
 W. Fitzgerald, W. Graves and J. Hebert, of the Fourth, and L, Graves, L. Beaudreau and J. 
 Gill, of the Fifth. 1870— H. Shattuck, Byron Town and James G. Miller, of the First 
 Ward ; C. L. Ailing, Paul Hauser and E. N. Foster, of the Second ; H. P. Brown, J. C. 
 Wedge and George Kingsbury, of the Third ; W. Rueping, A. Stevely and Louis Pelletier, of 
 the Fourth, and U. D. Mihills, A. J. Spear and Nathan Parker, of the Fifth. 1871— William 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 575 
 
 Koehne, L. R. Lewis and B. B. Ingram, of the First Ward : E. W. Davis, George C. Wright 
 and John Waters, of the Second ; H. P. Brown, S. W. Edson and Thomas Bryant, of the 
 Third ; Seth A. Chase, Anthony Servatius and Demas Trotier, of the Fourth, and 0. C. Bis- 
 sell, L. Coney and Judson Phelps, of the Fifth. E. B. Ingram failing to qualify. Dr. T. F. 
 Mayham was elected his successor; February 12, 1872, John Bullis elected from Third Ward 
 vice Thomas Bryant, resigned. 1872 — William Koehne, L. R. Lewis and C. B. Bartlett, of 
 the First Ward ; C. F. Kalk, J. Waters and C. Serwe, of the Second ; S. W. Edson, C. W. 
 Kaler and John Spence, of the Third ; C. L. Encking, J. E. Richardson and James Dillon, of 
 the Fourth, and J. C. Pierron, L. Coney and J. Phelps, of the Fifth. 1873 — L. R. Lewis, J. 
 C. Perry and E. H. Burnton, of the First Ward; C. F. Kalk, Joseph Radford and Joseph 
 Kaiser, of the Second ; S. W. Edson, Henry Hastings and C. W. Kaler, of the Third ; C. A. 
 Galloway, James Dillon and Charles Wilson, of the Fourth, and Nathan Parker, W. H. Hiner 
 and L. Coney, of the Fifth. January 12, 1874, W. H. Gilligan elected an Alderman from the 
 Fifth Ward, vice W. H. Hiner, resigned. 1874— T. F. Mayham, T. S. Nowell and Phillip 
 Ehrhart, of the First Ward ; C. L. Ailing, James Harlan and Joseph Radford, of the Second; 
 M. W. Simmons, Henry Hastings and J. B. Kennard, of the Third ; S. A. Chase, James 
 McTavy and E. Panger, of the Fourth, and John W. Gill, J. C. Pierron and John Dana, of 
 the Fifth. 1875— Michael O'Connell and John Olmsted, of the First Ward ; C. L. Ailing, 
 James Gaynor and S. Eudemiller, of the Second ; J. S. Burrows, Jacob Kunze and W. A. 
 Griffith, of the Third ; C. L. Encking, M. Mangan and Lockwood Canfield, of the Fourth ; 
 0. C. Bissell, James Whitton and Connor Haley, of the Fifth ; Leroy Graves, Charles Wilson 
 and David Carrier, of the Sixth ; A. Haberman, C. Cahill and B. Mulloy, of the Seventh, and 
 Orin Hatch, Joseph Wurzburger and Martin McDonough, of the Eighth. C. H. Benton 
 elected from the Second Ward, vice C. L. Ailing, resigned. May 31, 1875. 1876 — S. S. Bow- 
 ers, Jacob Hirsch and Martin Franey, of the First Ward ; Byron Town, John Heath and Will- 
 iam Connell, of the Second ; J. C. Lowell, Jacob Kunze and D. Y. Sabin, of the Third ; 
 Michael Mangan, John Crow and Henry Wallichs, of the Fourth ; 0. C. Bissell, Samuel 
 Hotaling and Anthony Briester, of the Fifth ; Leroy Graves, J. C. Beaudreau and N. Davis, of 
 the Sixth ; David Chamberlain, W. Ladewig and William Luling, of the Seventh, and A. T. 
 Little, M. Kaeding and L. Bond, of the Eighth. May 1, 1876, C. E. Scales elected from the 
 Third Ward, vice C. Y. Sabin, resigned. 1877 — John Musgat, H. Courtney and John Hirsch, 
 of the First Ward; C. Serwe, Joseph Radford and T. S. Weeks, of the Second ; R. M. Lewis, 
 S. P. Morse and E. F. Dodge, of the Third ; A. Servatius, James Dillon and Thomas J. 
 Vaughn, of the Fourth ; William Evans, John Conway and P. Briester, of the Fifth ; N: 
 Davis, F. Grill and M. Prefontaine, of the Sixth ; John Gallagher, William Ladewig and D. 
 Schaffer, of the Seventh, and A. T. Little, M. Kaeding and L. Bond, of the Eighth. May 7, 
 R. M. Lewis, of the Third Ward, resigned ; E. N. Korrer elected to the vacancy. 1878 — F. 
 B. Hoskins, of the First Ward ; John Heath, of the Second : E. D. Harris, of the Third ; A. 
 H. Bruett, of the Fourth ; 0. C. Bissell, of the Fifth : F. H. Rondo, of the Sixth ; Nathan 
 Carroll, of the Seventh, and H. W. Newton, of the Eighth. 1879— T. F. Mayham, of the 
 First Ward; C. S. Henry, of the Second; A. B. Taylor, of the Third; William Schwin- 
 nen, of the Fourth ; I. Alexander, of the Fifth ; B. F. Sweet, of the Sixth ; John Gallagher, 
 of the Seventh, and H. G. Desombre, of the Eighth. 
 
 Clerks.— W. A. Dewev, 1852; G. W. Sawyer, 1853-54; Edwin A. Brown, 18.55: S. D. 
 Stanchfield 1856-57; A. H. Boardman, 1857-59; A. Handt, 1860-61; A. H. Boardman, 
 1862-63; Edward Bissell, 1864; G. P. Knowles, 1865; L. Q. Olcott, 1866— resigned Janu- 
 ary 80, 1868, until when he was repeatedly elected, and J. T. Conklin appointed Clerk, pro 
 tern, and served until elected for the ensuing term. G. F. Brownson, 1869 ; E. Delany, Jr., 
 1870-79. 
 
 Police Justices. — Robert F. Winslow, 1857; Josiah Barnett, 1858 ; Edward Bissell, 1867 ; 
 J. J. Driggs, 1869. 
 
576 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COFXTY. 
 
 City CojnptroUers.— George P. Knowles, 1867-68; C. L. Encking, 1869-70; William C. 
 Ogden, 1871; S. M. Smead, 1872; George H. Francis, 1873; George Perkins, 1874; W. F. 
 Bolaud, 1875-76; H. G. Leonard, 1877-78; James T. Greene, 1879. 
 
 City Attorneys.— J a.red Chapel, 1853 ; D. E. Wood, 1855 ; Edward S. Bragg, 1856 ; I. 
 S. Tallmadge, 1856, also. Gen. Bragg having resigned May 12, of that year; E. S. Bragg 
 specially retained during the year 1858; Isaac S. Tallmadge, 1860-63; Campbell McLean, 
 1864; N. C. Giffin, 1865-67: H. F. Rose, 1868-69; N. C. Giffin, 1870-71; Robert Flint, 
 1872; J. W. Bass, 1873; F. 0. Thorp, 1874; N. S. Gilson, 1875; D. W. C. Priest, 1876; 
 W. H. Hurley, 1877; F. F. Dufty, 1878-79. 
 
 City Surveyors.— ¥. P. Mackelean, 1853; L. Ellis, 1853-55; W. T. Coneys, 1857-59: 
 L. Ellis, 1862; W. T. Coneys, 1861; Lathrop Ellis, 1862; John V. De Vry, 1863-65; N. 
 Boardraan, 1866; J. V. De Vry, 1867'; N. Boardman, 1868; H. W. Newton, 1870-71; J. V. 
 De Vry, elected June 26, 1871-72; H. W. Newton, 1873; N. Boardman, 1874; H. W. New- 
 ton, 1875-76; N. Boardman, 1877-78 ; H. W. Newton, 1879. 
 
 Harbor Masters.— John L. Henry, 1859; C. E. Crane, 1862; Thomas Moore, 1864; T. 
 A. Johnston, 1867-68; E. Beaver, 1869-70 ; no record for 1871 or subsequently, until 1875, 
 when the appointment of L. C. Bissell is quoted; C. Johnston, 1876; Moses Robedeau, 1877; 
 Thomas Moore, 1878-79. 
 
 School Commissioners.' — George W. Weikert, J. W. Valentine, E. L. GrifBn, James Sawyer, 
 M. D. Moore, E. S. Bragg, D. A. Raymond, G. F. Brownson, U. D. Mihills and C. A. Gib- 
 son, 1867. The following Board of Education was appointed in 1868 : W. W. Clark and A. 
 Raymond, of the First Ward; Robert Flint and C. F. Kalk, of the Second; T. S. Wright 
 and John Maginnis, ot the Third ; William W. Phelan and G. F. Brownson, of the Fourth, and A. 
 J. Spear and 0. Graves, of the Fifth, 1868. A. Raymond, of the First Ward ; S. Eudemiller, of 
 the Second ; Dr. Lilly, of the Third ; W. Rueping, of the Fourth, and M. Rapp, of the Fifth, 
 1869. J. H. Sisson, of the First; W. J. Hart, of the Second; David Chamberlain, of the 
 Third ; Alexander White, for term, and A. H. Bruett, to fill vacancy, in the Fourth, and John 
 Killips, of the Fifth, 1870. V. W. Seeley, of the First; E. L. Griffin of the Second ; W. C. 
 Hamilton, of the Third ; 0. C. Steinberg, of the Fourth, and J. A. Rappe, of the Fifth, 1871. 
 T. F. Mayham, of the First ; P. H. Ga'llagher, of the Second ; D. R. Curran, of the Third ; 
 Alexander White, of the Fourth, and John W. Gill, of the Fifth, 1872. December 30, Thomas 
 Riley elected from Second Ward, vice P. H. Gallagher, resigned. F. Dahlem, of the First ; 
 Paul Hauser, of the Second; W. C. Hamilton, of the Third; 0. C. Steinberg, of the Fourth, 
 and J. A. Rappe, of the Fifth, 1873. F. B. Hoskins, of the First ; G. W. Lusk, of the Sec- 
 ond ; D. R. Curran, of the Third ; Rudolph Ebert, of the Fourth, and E. L. Maloney, of the 
 Fifth, 1874. R. L. Morris, of the First; N. C. Giffin, of the Second; W. C. Hamilton, of 
 the Third; W. H. Hurley, of the Fourth; G. N. Mihills, of the Fifth; J. D. Coon, of the 
 Sixth ; J. D. Pitcher, of the Sixth, one year ; Henry Bloedel, of tlie Seventh ; M. W. Simmons, 
 of the Seventh, one year ; Henry Stoldt, of the Eighth, and E. B. Ingram, one year, also of 
 the Eighth, 1875. W. McDermott, elected from the Second, vice Geo. W. Lusk, Mayor elect, 
 who resigned May 3, 1875 : C. B. Bartlett, elected from the Eighth, vice Ingram, who failed to 
 qualify. May 24, 1875. F. B. Hoskins, of the First ; M. D. Moore, of the Second ; II. P. 
 Brown, of the Third ; M. McKenna, of the Fourth ; E. L. Maloney, of the Fifth ; J. M. 
 Crippen, of the Sixth ; M. W. Simmons, of the Seventh, and C. B. Bartlett, of the Eighth, 
 1876. May 7, 1877, M. McKenna, of the Fourth, resigned. John H. Gores appointed to the 
 vacancy. April 19, 1878, on motion of Aid. Dodge, it was ordered that the members of the 
 Board holding office from the odd-numbered wards continue to hold their positions for the 
 ensuing year. T. F. Mavham, George P. Knowles, J. W. Iliner and James Nary, 1879. 
 
 Board of Public Works.— W. C. Hamilton, E. W. Davis and L. Holmes, 1867 ; W. W. 
 Clark, John Bonnell and W. Rueping, 1868 ; L. Graves, W. Koehne and C. C. L. Webster, 
 1869; C. J. Ailing, A. J. Spear and H. Shattuck, 1870; James Ewen, William Koehne and 
 A. Servatius, 1871; William Koehne, William Bensil and Judson Phelps, 1872; W. Parker, 
 
./^^ 
 
 e^^^Oou:ZjCr(C^^ 
 
HISTORY OF FOKD DU LAC COUNTY. 579 
 
 Alexander Hastings and L. R. Lewis, 1873 ; J. L. D. Eyclesheiraer, Jacob Frey and F. D. 
 Scott, 1<S74. May 4, Peter Rupp was elected a member of the Board of Public Works, vice 
 Jacob Frey, resigned. None were appointed in 1875, and the Board was abolished in 1876. 
 
 Board of Health.— A. Raymond, W. W. Clark and D. Babcock, of the First, W. Wiley, 
 John Mathews and E. W. Davis, of the Second, H. M. Lilly, E. Perkins and S. W. Edson, 
 of the Third, E. Delaney, W. M. Phelan and 0. Morlev, of the Fourth, and C. A. Gibson, E. 
 M. McGraw and G. Q. Campbell, of the Fifth Ward, in'l867 ; L. F. Stowe, of the First, J. Pea- 
 cock, of the Second, G. W. Sawyer, of the Third, J. Serwe, of the Fourth, and Dr. Gibson of the 
 I^ifthWard, 1868; D. W. Smith, of the First, E. L. Griffin, of the Second, H. Meibucher, of the 
 Third. P. J. AVagner, of the Fourth, and H. Reeves, of the Fifth Ward, 1869; George W. 
 Swift, of the First, Dr. W. Wiley, of the Second, Dr. H. M. Lilly, of the Third, Dr. E. De- 
 lany, of the Fourth, and Henry Reeves, of the Fifth Ward, 1870; Dr. L. West, of the First, 
 Dr. W. Wiley, of the Second, Dr. E. F. Dodge, of the Third, Dr. E. Delany, of the Fourth, 
 and E. Beaver, of the Fifth Ward, 1871. November 13, Dr. E. C. Gray elected vice Dr. L. 
 West, resigned. Dr. T. F. Mayham, of the First, Dr. W. Wiley, of the Second, Dr. E. F. 
 Dodge, of the Third, Dr. E. Delanv, of the Fourth, and Dr. L. C. Fartier, of the Fifth Ward, 
 1872 ; Dr. E. C. Gray, of the Firs't, Dr. W. Wiley, of the Second, Dr. E. F. Dodge, of the 
 Third, Dr. E. Delany, of the Fourth, and H. D. Danks, of the Fifth Ward, 1873; Dr. T. F. 
 Mayham, of the First, Dr. W. Wiley, of the Second, Dr. D. A. Raymond, of the Third, Dr. E. 
 Delany, of the Fourth, and Dr. Anton Krembs, of the Fifth Ward, 1874; L. F. Stowe of the 
 First, W. Wiley, of the Second, D. B. Wyatt, of the Third, E. Delany, of the Fourth, W. H. 
 Gilligan, of the Fifth, C. Johnson, of the Sixth, 0. S. Leonard, of the Seventh, and John 
 Kehl, of the Eighth Ward, 1875; Dr. T. F. Mayham, of the First, Dr. E. L. Griffin, of the 
 Second, Dr. D. B. Wyatt, of the Third, Dr. E. Delany, of the Fourth, W. H. Hiner, of the 
 Fifth, C. Lucia, of the Sixth, 0. S. Leonard, of the Seventh, and John Kehl, of the Eighth 
 Ward, 1876. July 20, James Whitton, elected from the Fifth vice W. H. Hiner, resigned. Dr. 
 T. F. Mayham, of the First, Dr. W. Wiley, of the Second, James Ewen of the Third, Dr. E. 
 Delany, of the Fourth, James Whitton of the Fifth, Camille Lucia, of the Sixth, 0. S. Leon- 
 ard, of the Seventh, and F. Bussewitz, of the Eighth Ward, 1877; Dr. T. F. Mayham, of the 
 First, Dr. J. H. McNeel, of the Second, Dr. D. B. Wyatt, of the Third, Dr. E. Delany of 
 the Fourth, James Whitton, of the Fifth, Peter Wilbert, of the Sixth, H. Gundelach, of'the 
 Seventh, and F. Bussewitz, of the Eighth Ward, 1878; M. Mangan, of the First, Dr. E. L. 
 Griffin, of the Second, Dr. D. B. Wyatt, of the Third, Dr. E. Delany, of the Fourth, P. J. 
 Breister, of the Fifth, A. Babedeau, of the Sixth, William Deheurt, of the Seventh, and F. 
 Bussewitz, of the Eighth Ward, 1879. 
 
 Justices of the Peace. — George Williams, Morgan L. Noble, Isaac Brown and C. A. 
 Rider, 1852 ; J. J. Driggs and G. W. Sexmith, 1853 ; J. J. Driggs, L. Hazen, W. J. Wal- 
 lace and George Williams, 1854 ; J. J. Driggs, Joseph Stowe, Parley Giltner, C. A. Rider, A. 
 F. Peabody, C. 0. Hurd and E. Delany, 1855 ; Josiah Barnett, J. Y. Westervelt, Royal Buck, 
 George Williams and T. T. Miner, 1856 ; John J. Driggs, Louis Goldstucker, C. A. Rider, C. 
 0. Hurd and Edmund Delany, 1857 ; George Williams, 1858 ; J. J. Driggs, W. C. Kellogg, 
 E. Bissell, B. T. Midgley and E. Delany, 1859; J. J. Driggs, W. C. Kellogg, Edward Bissell, 
 B. T. Midgley and E. Delany, 1863 ; J. J. Driggs, L. Goldstucker, E. Bissell, George Will- 
 iams and E. Beaver, 1867 ; J. J. Driggs, L. Goldstucker, E. Bissell, George Williams and E. 
 Beaver, 1869 ; S. L. Brasted, 1870 ; V. W. Seelev, L. Goldstucker, John Bullis and Frank 
 Rice, 1872; E. Delany and F. G. Rice, 1873: .h J. Driggs, W. D. Conklin, W. E. Angell, 
 Richard Dix and B. S. Phelps, 1874; A. W. Reader. W. D. Conklin ; Edward Bissell, L. Gold- 
 stucker, H. D. Danks, Robert Potter, Martin Gill and J. V. De Vry, 1875 ; George Pier, H. E. 
 Connitt and L. R. Lewis, 1876 ; L. Goldstucker, H. B. Eastman and S. L. Brasted, 1877-79. 
 
 Constables.— \N . H. Yaw and N. C. King, 1852 ; Frank Gerland and C. C. McCarty, 
 1853 ; George Croft, Z. L. Chapman and Robert Atkinson, 1854 ; Robert B. Holmes, D. 
 Sickles, E. De Land, Samuel Fowler and John N. Curtis, 1855 ; Joseph Olmsted, David Sickles, 
 
580 HISTORY OF rOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 J. H. Fancher, Samuel Fowler and W. Allen, 1856 ; Hiram Lindsley, David Sickles, John' 
 Shannon, W. Alseaver and W. H. Bruce, 1857 ; Hiram Lindsley, David Sickles, H. M. Snow, 
 John Dobyns and T. A. Johnson, 1858 ; H. Lindsley, D. Sickles, L. Shannon, John Dobyns 
 and R. Rawlings, 1859 ; George Barnett, M. O'Halloran, Reuben Lindly, John Dobyns and 
 P. A. Maloney, 18G0; William Sealey, M. O'Halloran, Reuben Lindly, John Dobyns and 
 Patrick A. Maloney, 1861; Wm. Sealey, M. O'Halloran, E. H. Harrington, E. T. Midgley and 
 W. R. Allen, 1862 ; W. Sealey, M. O'Halloran, Eli De Land, Herman Walther and D. W. 
 Wilson, 18G3; William Sealey, David Sickles, Eli De Land, P. Hanchy and John Tate, 1864 : 
 L. S. Allen, Charles McKinney, Eli De ,Land', Thomas Dobyns and John Denny, 1865 ; 
 Charles McKinney, Peter Coft'ee, Eli De Land, Thomas Dobyns and P. A. Maloney, 1866; C. 
 McKinney, W. W. Howe, Eli De Land, Thomas Dobyns and R. Jewson, 1867 ; C. McKinney, 
 W. Howe, E. De Land, T. Dobyns and George Stevens, 1868 ; William Sealey, W. W. Howe, 
 E. De Land, Thomas Dobyns and George Stevens, 186!) ; B. T. Miller, W. W. Howe, Eli De 
 Land. Thomas Dobyns and George Stevens, 1870 ; Michael Roach, W. W. Howe, E. De Land, 
 Thomas Dobyns and Fred Ellsworth, 1872 ; George A. Temple, 1873 ; B. T. Miller, W. W. 
 Howe, Eli De Land, John Flood and Joseph Joubert, 1874 ; John G. Baizier, W. W. Howe, 
 Warren Green, Anton Bach, A. G. Purdy, Edward Larow, Eli De Land and A. Raymond, 1876 ; 
 John C. Kenealy, N. La Mouche and James Cofrin, 1877; none elected in 1878 ; J. C. Ken- 
 eally, N. La Mouche and J. Hartnett, 1879. 
 
 Sealers of Weights and Measures. — A. B. Taylor, 1865 ; S. Oberich, 1867-71 ; John 
 Reinig, 1872. No record for 1873-74. Robert Mentzel, 1875. No incumbent of record 1876. 
 Adolph Mentzel, 1877-78 ; Luther Holmes, 1879. 
 
 Hay and Wood Inspector. — John Bonnell, 1869-70; William Kaler, 1871; H. Bruyere, 
 1872 ; L. L. Lowry, 1873. Office abolished January 6, 1873. 
 
 Street Superintendents.— A. C. Everest, 1867 ; J. Bonnell, 1868-69 ; C. L. Ailing, 1870. 
 No record for 1871 or subsequently. The revised charter, adopted in the spring of 1879, provides 
 for a Sidewalk Superintendent, and S. A. Smith was the officer. 
 
 Municipal Judges. — E. Bissell, long term; W. D. Conklin, short term, 1871. William 
 D. Conklin, 1873. Office abolished at the expiration of William D. Conklin's term of office. 
 
 3Iarshals.—G. N. Snell, 1852 ; F. P. Humiston, 1853 ; John Case, 1854 ; J. W. Bowen, 
 1855 ; Daniel Banks, 1856 ; Charles Arlen, 1857-58 ; E. S. Hammond, 1859 ; B. T. Midgeley, 
 1860; C. Van Norder, 1861 ; John Dobyns, 1862-64 ; Philip Zipp, 1865; Louis Ladoux, 1866. 
 Office abolished. 
 
 Chiefs of Police.— James T. Conklin, 1867-68 ; James O'Connell, 1869 ; I. N. Welch, 
 1870-71; James Swineford, 1872-73; Timothy Hardgrove, 1874; G. A. Kretlow, 1875-80. 
 
 School SuperintendeMts. — E. Hodges, 1852-55 ; Robert A. Baker, 1856 ; George B. East- 
 man, 1857-59; David E. Wood, 1860; G. B. Eastman, 1861-64; N. C. Griffin, 1865; (). 
 C. Steinberg, 1866-67, and a portion of 1868; G. F. Brownson, balance of 1868; T. S. 
 AVright, 1869-71 ; V. W. Seeley and A. C. Barry, 1872; V. W. Seeley, 1873; C. N. Hutch- 
 ins, 1874-80. 
 
 CITY OF FOND DU LAC A QUARTER OP A CENTURY AGO. 
 
 A writer in 1854 gives this description of the city of Fond du Lac : " At the charter elec- 
 tion, held at the Court House April 6, 18")2, Mason C. Darling was elected to the office of 
 Mayor ; J. M. Taylor, Treasurer; W. A. Dewey, Clerk ; C. N. Snell, Marshal, and E. Hodges, 
 Superintendent of Schools. In 1853, G. McWilliams was elected Mayor; E. H. Galloway, 
 Treasurer ; G. W. Sawyer, Clerk ; F. P. Humiston, Marshal, and E. Hodges, Superintendent 
 of Schools. In 1854. Isaac Brown was elected Mayor; E. H. Galloway, Treasurer; G. W. 
 Sawyer, Clerk ; John Case, Marshal ; E. Hodges, Superintendent of Schools. 
 
 " The city is situated on the Fond du Lac River, the mouth of which furnishes a conven- 
 ient harbor for steamboats and other craft traversing the waters of Lake Winnebago. The prin- 
 cipal business part of the city is upon the east side of the river, and more than a mile from the 
 Lake. Upon the west side of the stream, is a beautiful grove of sugar maple and other forest 
 
HISTORY OF FOND BV LAC COUNTY. 581 
 
 trees, in which pleasant retreat are numerous private residences, splendid and tasteful gardens, 
 and one elegant church edifice, erected by the Baptist denomination in 1853. The Rock River 
 Valley Union Railroad, with its depots and machine-shops, is on the west side of the river. 
 
 " Surrounding the most populous part of the city are thousands of acres of unbroken 
 prairie, over which freely roam vast herds of cattle and horses, luxuriating and fattening upon the 
 rich prairie grass, and rank clover, which ai-e sufficiently abundant to supply hundreds more of 
 cattle and horses without inducing a scarcity of food. This wide expanse is occasionally dotted 
 with the elegant mansion of the man at ease, but more frequently with the habitations of the 
 humble toilers. Mechanics of small means, who labor in the city, prompted by the desire for a 
 'home of their own,' select locations where lots can be purchased at comparatively low prices, 
 erect dwelling-houses, and thus add inducements to others, and to the value of the surrounding 
 lands. Almost every week witnesses not only numerous buildings erecting upon the principal 
 streets, but new settlements within the bounds of the city. 
 
 " This city, being surrounded by one of the most fertile and interesting farming countries in 
 the State, with the peculiar advantages of its location, has required no forced effort to secure its 
 rapid growth. Its natural and easy connection with the ' pineries ' is, of itself, a mine of wealth. 
 Lumber and all kinds of timber for building can be obtained in the city almost with as little dif- 
 ficulty as in the forest where it grows. The limestone ledge stretches along the whole length of 
 the city, within three miles from which the best of stone may be easily quarried for building, 
 flagging, and for burning lime, and in quantity sufficient to build a second Chinese wall. The 
 great fountain of most delicious water which underlies the whole city, struggles for vent, and 
 pours a grateful stream of health and comfort for as many as will approach it. 
 
 " The natural channel for communication through Lake Winnebago and Fox River to the 
 Great Lakes, and through the latter to the Atlantic cities, connected with the inherent wealth of 
 the city, forms a combination of advantages seldom found in one place, and have led far-seeing 
 and sagacious business men to make investments in Fond du Lac, not for purposes of specula- 
 tion, but for permanent residences and thorough business transactions. And, although the city 
 has not grown with the rapidity which has marked the progress of many Western places, it has. 
 been continually increasing with steady pace, in population and enterprise, measuring its busi- 
 ness by the legitimate wants of the population ; hence, it has never suffered the paralytic influ- 
 ence of re-action from feverish excitements. The prosperity of each year has given its successor 
 momentum, until, with its increased ratio of progress, it is becoming a city of no small impor- 
 tance. Eastern capitalists already manifest their shrewd forecast by purchasing real estate in 
 Fond du Lac. Mechanics of all kinds here find ready employment and high prices for labor. 
 Many of the buildings erected in the early growth of the city were constructed on the principle 
 of securing the greatest amount of room with the least possible expense. The present season 
 [1854] witnesses the erection of noble structures of stone, brick and cement. 
 
 '^ There are at present four school districts in the city. District No. 4 embraces more than 
 half the population of the place. It has a spacious and well-constructed schoolhouse, a library 
 filled with well-selected volumes, a small cabinet of geological specimens, outline maps and 
 other useful apparatus for giving instruction. The yard is enriched and ornamented with shade 
 trees, and has a fountain of water. The school is graded, consisting of a primary, an interme- 
 diate, and a higher department. A well-qualified teacher is employed in each about ten months 
 during the year, and in the winter the Principal has an assistant in the higher department. 
 There is no school in this section of the State better adapted to give a thorough English educa- 
 tion to the youth of both sexes than this. It gives to all the children of the district the advan.- 
 tages of a school of a high order, and furnishes the surrounding country with some of its most 
 approved and successful teachers. It is truly one of the noblest institutions of this thriving 
 city. The other three districts have hitherto maintained separate schools upon the unclassified 
 plan, but have recently agreed to unite, and establish a school of the first order. When that is 
 accomplished, Fond du Lac may justly be proud of the educational advantages which are afforded 
 to all the children of the city, without regard to wealth or caste. There are in the city about 
 
682 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 nine hundred children, between the ages of four and twenty years, most of whom attend the pub- 
 lic schools a portion of the year. The amount expended for school purposes in 1853 was 
 $2,072.31. 
 
 " The Wisconsin Female Seminary was established in the year 1853, by Rev. 0. W. Cooley 
 and wife, at the city of Fond du Lac. The object of its founders was to secure to the young 
 ladies who should avail themselves of its advantages, a liberal, finished and Christian education. 
 The institution passed the ordeal of its first term with encouraging success, and has commenced 
 its second term with cheering prospects for the future. 
 
 " The church edifices in the city are one Roman Catholic, one Episcopal, two Methodist 
 Episcopal, one Congregational and one Baptist. The Catholic and Congregational have both 
 been enlarged since their erection, but the increase of population has increased their congrega- 
 tions beyond their capacity for accommodation, and larger structures are demanded. The others 
 were more recently erected, and are yet equal to the wants of the worshipers. There is a Free- 
 will Baptist Church, but they have not a house of worship ; they occupy the Union Schoolhouse. 
 There are now eight resident clergymen, whose talents and usefulness will compare favorably with 
 their brethren of other cities. 
 
 " The Catholic church was organized in 1848, with about thirty members, under the 
 administration of Father Rerhl, who resided at that time in Calumet. But, as their numbers 
 increased, they built a Church edifice, and the congregation was watched over by Father 
 Anthony Godfert, who, after staying three years, was succeeded by Father Louis Dael, who is 
 now [1854] in charge. The church now numbers about two thousand members, though not all 
 residents of the city. 
 
 " St. Patrick's Temperance Society was organized on the 17th of March, 1854, with about 
 fifteen members. It now numbers 250, not one of whom has broken the pledge. They hold 
 their meetings the first of each month, when an address is delivered by some one of the mem- 
 bers. The Catholics are about erecting a spacious church edifice 130 feet long and 60 feet 
 wide, to be built of stone. Tliey intend to have it completed the present year. 
 
 " The first regular missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who preached in Fond 
 du Lac County, was Jesse Halsted, who formed a class in Taycheedah, in 1842. In 1848, 
 Rev. Harvey Bronson organized the M. E. Church in the village of Fond du Lac, with six 
 members. The Presiding Elders to the present time [1854] have been W. H. Sampson, W. Wilcox 
 and ^\^ G. Miller. The Pastors have been H. Bronson, Joseph Lewis, M. L. Noble, H. R. Col- 
 man, II. Requa, J. S. Prescott, E. Tucker and E. S. Grumley. There was a second church 
 formed in the North Ward in 1852. The South Ward church now numbers ^^1854] 138. 
 
 " The first Baptist Church of Fond du Lac was instituted May 21, 1845, with eight mem- 
 bers. H. Ilovey, W. H. Card and S. Cornelius, Jr., have successively been Pastors of the 
 church. Since the settlement of the present Pastor, a commodious and convenient house of 
 worship has been erected through his persevering efforts, at a cost of $3,000. The present 
 number of members [1854] is about seventy. 
 
 " The Congregational Church, the largest Protestant church in the city, was organized by 
 Rev. Stephen Peet, July 20, 1845. It consisted at its organization of nine members. In 
 September, 1840, Rev. L. C. Spaiford assumed the pastoral charge of the church, and continued in 
 that relation until the autumn of 1852. In 1849, a house of worship was erected, at a cost of 
 $900. When Mr. Spafi'ord left the church, it numbered some seventy-five members. In June, 
 1853, Rev. Silas Hawley, Jr., of the presbytery of Geneva, N. Y., became Pastor of the church. 
 In the autumn ensuing, such was the increase of the congregation, that a large addition was 
 made to the house of worship. But such has been, and is still [1854], the crowded state of 
 their house, that the members are about to erect one of the largest and finest church edifices 
 in the State. It will accommodate at least 1,000. They have an architect now East to pro- 
 cure the best model. During the brief pastorate of Mr. Hawley, there has been an increase of 
 the members of the church of seventy-five persons. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 583 
 
 " St. Paul's Church of Fond du Lac was organized September, 4, 1849. The number of 
 communicants at that time was four; at the present time [1854], forty-four. The edifice was 
 completed and consecrated July 18, 1852. Rev. Joshua Sweet became Rector of the parish 
 September 4, 1849, and resigned June 24, 1854. 
 
 "There are now [1854] in the city of Fond du Lac nine physicians, two dentists, sixteen 
 lawyers, two landscape and portrait painters, three daguerrean artists, two joiner-shops, five car- 
 riage factories, five tin-shops, three saddle and harness shops, one tallow chandlery, eight boot 
 and shoe stores, one brewery, four cooper-shops, one billiard-room, three saloons, thirteen gro- 
 ceries where liquors are sold, thirteen grocery and provision stores, one jewelry and music store, 
 one gun and ammunition store, five blacksmith-shops, three livery stables, two cabinet and chair 
 factories, one book-bindery, three bakeries, thirteen dry-goods stores, one leather store, two hat 
 and cap stores, two drug stores, four clothing stores, two tailor-shops, one candy factory, three 
 meat markets, one plow factory, one fanningmill shop, three bookstores, one music store, two 
 oil and glass stores, one tobacco and cigar factory, one cap factory, two barber-shops, one paint- 
 shop, one water-power saw-mill, one sash, door and blind factory, two steam saw-mills, one 
 steam-power planing machine, six millinery stores, eight hotels, one bank, one bank of exchange 
 and brokerage, twelve lumber merchants, two hardware stores, one jewelry store, and one county 
 jail without an occupant. 
 
 "Between the opening of the spring and July 10, 1854, there were erected in the city of 
 Fond du Lac, ninety-seven new buildings. There were between 250 and 300 meclianics em- 
 ployed in the place, besides the common day laborers. The annual sales of several of the lead- 
 ing dry-goods houses average about f 30, 000 each; the grocery and provision stores, !^1 0,000; 
 clothing stores, $10,000, and hardware, .$35,000. The annual sales of each of the tin and 
 stove stores average about $10,000, and of meat markets, .$10,000. The amount of lumber 
 sold annually is estimated at over 12,000,000 feet. About 6,000,000 shingles are manufactured 
 and sold each year. The population of the city is estimated at a fraction less than 5,000. 
 Since 1850 [to 18.54], the capital and business of the place have increased in a higher ratio 
 than the population, which has at least doubled. In the mean time, the resident lawyers have 
 decreased about forty per cent, and places for the sale of intoxicating drinks, about fifty per cent. 
 These, together with the fact that in the county jail there is not a prisoner, are encouraging tokens 
 that the civilization and morality of the city are improving. Tliere are four daily mails to Fond 
 du Lac, and eight weekly and tri-weekly mails. Since the post office was established in 1838, 
 it has been in charge of John Bannister, M. C. Darling, Thomas Green, J. A. Eastman, Sam- 
 uel Ryan, Jr., C. W. Tompkins and G. W. Weikert. Its present revenues [1854] are $1,824. 
 There are received at the office weekly, seventy-five mails, and the same number made up, 
 besides the distribution of twenty-five bags of newspapers." 
 
 FOND DU LAC POST OFFICE. 
 
 The first post office was opened and kept by Colwert Pier, in the Fond du Lac Company's 
 log house, before he had a commission and before there was any regular mail or mail carrier. 
 He was the first Postmaster, and received the first mail on the 5th of February, 1838, which 
 was brought by Baptiste Lavigne, a half-blood Frenchman. Thereafter, mail was received and 
 sent once in two weeks, and consisted mostly of papers from the East, and letters which had no 
 envelopes, but were dexterously folded and either sewed with thread or sealed with wax. The 
 revenue of the office did not exceed, during the first year, $1.50. Mr. Pier kept for his neigh- 
 bors parcels of mail sent from Green Bay, before this time. 
 
 The second Postmaster was John Bannister, who kept the office in the same log building. 
 He was made richer by- the trust at the rate of $3 per year. He became Postmaster soon after 
 the death of Colwert Pier's wife in the spring of 1838, and continued to hold the office about a 
 year. In the meantime, a new mail-carrier had succeeded Baptiste Lavigne, whose name was 
 Narcisse Baudoin. He was a swarthy and tireless lialf- Frenchman, who brought the mail once 
 a week. He never failed, no matter what the condition of the roads or weather. 
 
584 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Bannister was succeeded by Dr. M. C. Darling, who removed the office from the Com- 
 pany's house to his own house, on the corner of First and Main streets, where Darling's Block 
 now stands. He continued to hold it until a mail contract was secured, when he resigned, and 
 Thomas Green, who was keeping hotel for Dr. Darling, on the corner of Main and First streets, 
 was appointed in 1842. 
 
 John A. Eastman, now of Benton Harbor, Mich., succeeded Mr. Green in 1845, and held 
 the office until April, 1849. The post office proper was a small blue desk, furnished by the 
 Government, which could be carried under the arm. Mr. Eastman removed the office to his 
 law office, which stood about halfrway between First and Second streets, on the west side of 
 Main. 
 
 In April, 184'.), Samuel Ryan was appointed by President Taylor to the office to succeed 
 John A. Eastman, being the first Whig Postmaster of Fond du Lac. He moved to a building 
 just north of what is now Baker's Bank, on the east side of Main, near the head of Forest street. 
 
 In September, 1850, C. M. Tompkins was appointed Postmaster, and he removed the office 
 to Davis & Tompkins' little law office, between First and Second streets, on the west side of 
 Main. This was by far too small for the business, which was soon after, in 1851, moved to the 
 Lewis House, on the corner of Main and Sheboygan streets, where the Patty House now 
 stands. 
 
 In 1852, Franklin Piei'ce was elected President, and, as Mr. Tompkins did not expect a 
 re-appointmont, being a Whig, he resigned in favor of his partner, Alexander Davis, who was 
 a Democrat. This scheme was defeated by Congressman John B. Macy, in the winter of 
 1852-53, before the inauguration of Pierce, and George W. Weikert was appointed. After a 
 time, the office was removed by him to what is now Fuerstnow's building, on the west side of 
 Main street, two doors below Division. 
 
 In May, 1861, J. C. Lewis was appointed Postmaster by President Lincoln, and the office 
 moved to the rear of the wooden building then used by the First National Bank, on the corner 
 of Forest and Main 8treets,the entrance being on Forest. Mr. Lewis was reappointed in 1865, 
 but resigned in May, 1866, and James M. Gillet, now deceased, was appointed to succeed him 
 by Andrew Johnson, but was removed in the fall of the same year. Edward S. Bragg, a Dem- 
 ocrat, was appointed to succeed Mr. Gillet. 
 
 Eai'ly in 1867, R. M. Lewis' name was sent to the Senate by the President of the United 
 States ; but it was afterward withdrawn, only to be sent in again April 19, 1867. At the second 
 nomination, Mr. Lewis was immediately confirmed. Just before Mr. Lewis' appointment, the 
 office was moved by Mr. Bragg to the Amory Block, corner of Macy and Division streets. 
 
 In May, 1869, James Coleman was appointed by President Grant to succeed Mr. Lewis. 
 He moved the office into the present quarters, on the corner of Forest and Macy streets, Novem- 
 ber 1, 1873. He wassucceeded by J. H. Hauser, in March, 1877. About the middle of October, 
 1879, Mr. Hauser was removed, and, on the 22d of the month, Thomas W. Spence, Avho now 
 holds the office, took possession. 
 
 The present post-office building was erected by W. C. Hamilton in 1873, especially for the 
 purpose for which it is now used. It is a three-story structure of brick, complete in every 
 respect, and of ample proportions. 
 
 In July, 186.5, a money-order department was established, but its transactions at that 
 time amounted to but very little. Now it is one of the most important branches of the service. 
 In 1838, the Fond du Lac Post Office had a revenue of less than $3 per year, and received and 
 sent mail once in two weeks. Now the revenues are $15,000 per year, and 130 mails are sent 
 and received each week. The number of pieces of mail dropped into the office in 1877 was 
 1,576 per day ; in 1879, the number was 2,617 pieces per day. This is not included in mail 
 matter brought from surrounding offices. 
 
HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 585 
 
 FIKE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The first step taken to protect the villa<);e from fires Avas in March, 1848, when John Ban- 
 nister and A. L. Ellsworth were appointed Fire Wardens. In May, of the following year, the 
 citizens sent a petition before the Council, or Board of Village Trustees, asking that a suitable fire 
 engine be purchased. The petition was laid on the table with dispatch, and a resolution passed 
 that three Fire Wardens be appointed for the ensuing year. E. W. Davis, W. A. Dewey and 
 C. A. Goss were appointed such officers, and their duties prescribed. They were to " take 
 charge of all fires," and give orders to citizens and bucket companies engaged in fighting flames. 
 But they could not demolish any fence or building at any fire without an order from two of the 
 Village Trustees. This, although not intended as a joke, was bandied about as such. The 
 ridiculous features of the matter were made prominent by the waggish citizens, who declared that 
 if a fire should occur in the night, when the village oSicers were asleep, or at a time when they were 
 absent from their place of business, everything adjoining the fire must of necessity be allowed to 
 burn, as no consent could be had to demolish such property as might prevent further spreading 
 of the flames. 
 
 It was also ordered by the Trustees that any person refusing to obey the Fire Wardens, 
 should be fined $5 and costs, and that a similar fine should be imposed on all persons who 
 neglected to keep open a scuttle-hole in their houses, or provide ladders which would reach the 
 roof 
 
 On the 3d of September, 1849, a meeting of the citizens of the village was held for the 
 purpose of organizing a bucket company, to consist of not less than thirty members. E. W. 
 Davis was chosen Chairman, and J. Hall, Secretary. E. Perkins and J. Hall were appointed a 
 committee to secure pledges of those who were willing " to dip, stand in line and pass it, or 
 throw water." The company was finally organized, and buckets, hooks and ladders were pro- 
 cured by the city. These buckets were of leather, with peculiar bails. The bottoms and seams 
 were stitched with " waxed ends," making a very strong receptacle, which would suflfer no injury 
 from harsh or careless handling. 
 
 There was an order promulgated, that, in case of fire, any pails or buckets offered for sale 
 could be seized by the bucket company, and, in several instances, G. N. Lyman's store, as well 
 as others, were emptied of their pails in short order. If any were damaged or lost, prompt pay- 
 ment was made to the owner. 
 
 The company, which was composed of some of the foremost citizens of the place, had many 
 opportunities to " dip, stand in line and pass it, or throw water." On one occasion, a line was 
 formed from the block on the east side of Main street, between First and Second, to the river. 
 The thermometer was 22° below zero, and, when the buckets contained any water at all at the 
 end of the line next to the fire, it was frozen to either the outside or inside of them. Very little 
 could therefore be done to stay the flames, although a score or more worked until their hands, 
 noses or ears were frozen. This opened the eyes of the inhabitants to the necessity of obtaining 
 a good fire engine as a more effective means of extinguishing fires, and the matter was freely 
 discussed. Discussion seems to have been a favorite pastime of those days, for, during the next 
 two years, nothing else was done in the way of furnishing further protection against destructive 
 fires. Finally, in 1854, the City Council authorized K. A. Darling to go East and purchase a 
 fire engine. At Troy, N. Y., he found and purchased for $2,800 a hand-engine, which for that 
 sum was delivered at Fond du Lac in October, 18.54. The next month, the organization of a 
 fire company was begun. 
 
 Washington Volunteer Company, No. 1. — The first meeting to organize a fire com- 
 pany was held in the rear of Darling, Wright & Co.'s bank, on the corner of Main and First 
 streets, and was attended by K. A. Darling, George W. Sawyer, C. N. Snell, Thomas H. Green, 
 D. W. C. Wright, L. F. Stowe, Edward Farnsworth, C. L. Pierce and C. M. Bowen. They 
 elected K. A. Darling as Foreman ; C. N. Snell, First Assistant, and Thomas H. Green, Second 
 
586 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Assistant Foreman ; L. F. Stowe, Captain of the Hose Company, and George W. Sawyer, Sec- 
 retary. They assumed the name of " Washington Volunteer Company, No. 1," and wei'e formally 
 accepted by the Council as such, on the 18th day of December, 1854. .John B. Wilbor was 
 immediately ordered to make uniforms, and everything was pushed with energy. 
 
 This was the pioneer fire company of Fond du Lac, and composed the entire Fire- Depart- 
 ment of the city at that time. The "machine," as the first hand-engine was popularly desig- 
 nated, was an object of curiosity for some time, and nearly everybody in the city would have 
 joined the company if they could have done so. The maximum number of fifty was easily 
 obtained, and was composed of such as the following: D. Everett Hoskins, C. F. Kalk, E. A. 
 Carey, Allan Carsweli, E. A. Brown, C. Childs, Thomas S. Weeks, James W. Partridge, N. L. 
 Bullis, A. B. Taylor, George Burrows, George Burrows, Jr., Thomas Heathcote, Jerome Gib- 
 son, John S. Burrows, T. W. Dee, John J. Metzgar, Louis Rupp, Charles Chandler, DanaC. Lamb, 
 W. A. Tanner, Louis Darling, A. T. Little, 0. D. Cory, S. A. Dudley, John B. Wilbor, C. N. 
 Kendall, Henry Shattuck, Asa Pierce, T. G. Adams, I. K. Hamilton, William Burrows, D. R. 
 Curran, S. E. Lefferts, C. H. Tuttle, J. H. Gibson, D. C. Hutchinson. C. L. Ailing, Oscar 
 Bonnell, David Sickles, Delos A. Ward, J. C. Lowell, Mr. Windecker, Volnev Chapman, John 
 J. Beeson, L. W. Parmelee, John C. Kennealy, J. M. Taylor, J. G. Miller, A'. G. Butler, A. P. 
 Swineford, E H. Little, F. N. Violet, L. F. Stowe, David Palmer, John Bonnell, William Sealey, 
 Isaac S. Sherwood, C. M. Bowen, J. V. Frost, Fred Spink, C. L. Pierce, J. W. Benson, E. J. 
 Hodges, John Warner, H. J. Hopkins. 
 
 The company has served under the following foremen: Keves A. Darling, D. E. Hoskins, 
 D. W. C. Wright, C. L. Pierce, Thomas W. Dee, Charles Chandler, A. T. Little, J. W. Benson, 
 W. G. Curtis, Thomas Heathcote, D. R. Curran, J. G. Miller, E. J. Hodges, L. W. Parmelee, 
 John C. Kennealy and John Davis. 
 
 It was a lively company, as many of its members were large property-owners and tax- pay- 
 ers, and took great interest in arriving at as great efficiency as possible. The engine in use was 
 a "hand engine" in every respect, the pumps being worked by "brakes," which were churned 
 up and down, and drag-ropes were attached, by which man-power was applied to haul it to and 
 from fires. The city had few reservoirs when the company was first formed, and water was 
 sucked out of the nearest pond or hole in case of fire. Frequently mud or rubbish would clog 
 the pumps, although the nozzle was of unusual size. At the burning of Alexander White's 
 house, late one fall, the machine was planted near a neighboring marsh-hole, which contained 
 great numbers of frogs, newts and water animals. These were sucked up, and sent reeling and 
 sprawling through the air and into the fire, greatly to the amusement of the assembled crowd. 
 
 At first the company had no engine-house, but one was soon built on First street, where the 
 old Hook and Ladder house is located. In 1861, the building was moved to the west side of 
 Main street to the lot next to the present American House. Two years later it was moved to 
 the south side of West Second street, where it remained until destroyed by fire on the 22d day 
 of December, 1865. The company had nicely furnished rooms, the portraits of all the members 
 — those of the soldier members who never returned from the battle-fields being especially prized 
 — and a fine set of band instruments. These, with records, clothing and miscellaneous articles, 
 fine banners presented for valorous services on various occasions, were all destroyed. The engine 
 was saved, and a temporary building was soon after erected on Second street, where the brick 
 engine-house belonging to the self-propeller now stands. The citizens gave promptly and liber- 
 ally ; Winnebago Company, No. 3, donated $50, and a grand ball was given by the business men 
 which placed the company in possession of such means as sufficed to furnish the room anew and 
 secure another set of band instruments. During its entire existence, balls were held annually on 
 Washington's Birthday, which not only replenished the company's treasury, but were occasions 
 of social enjoyment, the best people of the city being either members of the company or friends 
 or relatives of members. 
 
 The City Council from the beginning voted $2 annually to each member, and in 
 1867 the Legislature passed a bill to exempt all active firemen from taxation. This never took 
 
HISTORY OF FOND J)V LAC COUNTY. 587 
 
 effedt. being unconstitutional, and the Council then increased the firemen's alimony to $1 
 each per month. This was continued until the Fire Department was re-organized and its mem- 
 bers liired and paid regular wages by the city. 
 
 The company participated in several tournaments, always with credit, and was called twice 
 to Oshkosh, where it did excellent service and won much praise. 
 
 Washington Volunteer Company, No. 1, composed in part of men who were gray-headed 
 and the prime movers in securing its organization, finally disbanded in 1878, after twenty-four 
 years of continuous and faithful service. 
 
 The old " No. 1 Band," which furnished music for balls and other entertainments, consisted 
 of I. N. Welch, G. W. Sawyer, A. W. Chapman, Thomas Heathcote, J. G. Miller, W. G. 
 Hooker, Jerome Gibson, J. W. Byam and David Sickles. 
 
 Fountain City Compani/ No. S. — In May, 1857, a second fire company, under the name of 
 " Fountain City, No. 2," was organized, with James W. Partridge, Foreman, Edward S. Bragg, 
 First Assistant; J. V. McCall, Second Assistant, W. T. Coneys, Third Assistant, and Milton 
 Ewen, Captain of the Hose Company. This company had a Button hand-engine. It was a 
 lively and energetic organization, and did noble service at home and at Oshkosh. 
 
 Winnebago Fire Company, No. S. — This company was organized May 16, 1857, with 
 Charles R. Harrison, Foreman ; Alexander White, First Assistant ; W. B. Morgan, Second 
 Assistant; John S. McDonald, Secretary and Treasurer. This was more of a "Lower Town" 
 company. It was officered by some of the leading men of the city. In 1866, this company got 
 the "A. B. Taylor" steamer and turned its old Button hand-engine over to a new company 
 then in process of organization. 
 
 In 1857, the County Board voted $100 to the members of the Fire Department for saving 
 the Court House from burning. 
 
 Fire Engine Company, No. 4-. — When Winnebago, No. 3, purchased a steamer, this company 
 was organized, December 10, 1866, to take and use the old hand-engine the Winnebagoes dis- 
 carded. The first ofiicers were Frank Seymore, Foreman ; C. H. Tuttle, First Assistant ; Ed. 
 Seymore, Second Assistant, and Solon W. Edson, Secretary. 
 
 ^tna Fire Company, No. 5. — In 1874, the City Council purchased the self-propeller "Alex- 
 ander White" for Washington Company, No. 1. A company called ^tna. No. 5, was then 
 organized to take No. I's discarded steamer, October 25, 1874, with these officers : M. Richert, 
 Foreman ; A. M. Green, First Assistant ; F. Werner, Second Assistant ; F. J. Martin, Captain 
 of the Hose ; W. H. Hurley, Secretary, and Geo. P. Dana, Treasurer. 
 
 Fountain City Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1. — This company, which was a very 
 strong one, was organized February 20, 1862, with S. Euderailler, Foreman ; William Kars- 
 tens, First Assistant; M. Krembs, Second Assistant; Joseph Wolf Treasurer, and C. A. 
 Handt, Secretary. At one time this company had forty members, and did efficient service at all 
 fires in preventing the spread of the flames, saving property and guarding goods taken from 
 burning buildings. 
 
 This volunteer system was continued up to August 7, 1878, when the City Council disbanded 
 all the old companies and re-organized the entire Fire Department, paying all members of it by 
 the month. Who should become members was also determined by the Council, after recommend- 
 ation by the Chief Fire Marshal. Geo. P. Dana is Chief Fire Marshal and Joseph Auchue, 
 Assistant. The department now consists of the following companies. 
 
 No. 1, Engine Company. — M. Nightingale, engineer ; Thomas Evans, stearsman ; C. 
 T. Green, night watchman ; James Nary, cart driver ; H. Rosenow, J. Buechner, L. A. Lange, 
 J. Niland, Will Becker and D. Fontanna, pipemen. This company runs the self-propeller 
 "Alexander White," and is stationed on East Second street. 
 
 No. 3, Engine Company. — John Coates, engineer ; F. Lohmiller, driver ; John Conway, 
 stoker; J. Kennedy, cart driver; 0. Evans, J. Boomer, Joseph Auchue, J. Fontanna and W. 
 G. Casey, pipemen. This company is stationed on Arndt street, corner of Packer. 
 
588 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 u3i!tna Oompany, No. 5. — H. Rupp, engineer; E. R. Hammond, driver; M. Chamberlain, 
 stoker; John Haughey, cart driver; II. Bauman, F. Werner, Charles Werner, L. J. Homes, 
 H. Sawyer and Theo. Krause, pipemen. This company is stationed on Main street. 
 
 ffook and Ladder Company, iVo. /. — M. Furlong, driver ; H. J. Dircks, J. Q. Haas, A. 
 Buechner, John Sharp, John Jergens and H. Rider. The driver has $25 and the others $8 per 
 month. 
 
 The Chief Fire Marshal receives $250 per year ; Assistant $100 ; Engineers, $54.25 per 
 month; drivers, $32. oO per month ; stokers, $27.50 ; cart drivers $25 and pipemen $8 per 
 month. The average cost of the Fire Department for salaries, fuel, repairs and incidentals is 
 about $10,000 per year. 
 
 The engine-houses ai'e all of brick, well furnished with beds and accommodations for those 
 who always remain with the engines. No. 5's engine-house, erected on Main street in 1874, 
 cost $20,000, and is one of the finest in the Northwest. 
 
 The different Chief Fire Marshals have been Allan Carswell, Keyes A. Darling, S. E. 
 Lefferts, D. W. C. Wright, Azro B. Taylor, B. F. Sweet, Casper Buechner and George P. 
 Dana. When neai'ly all the horses of the country were prostrated with the "epizootic," a 
 fire broke out and no horses were to be had to haul the engine to it. As a last resort a yoke of 
 oxen which had been purchased for the American E.xpress Company was secured, and attached 
 to the machine. It was novel business, not only for the frightened oxen but for the firemen, who 
 knew nothing about driving cattle in the yoke. Ropes were attached to the horns of both oxen, 
 and being grasped by a half-dozen firemen on either side to steer the animals, the strange team 
 was started and the engine hauled to its destination at a rapid but very uncertain gait, to the 
 consternation of pedestrians and teamsters. 
 
 city|lock-up. 
 
 In early days a small wooden building, hardly large enough for a smoke house, located on 
 Portland street, served as a city lock-up. It had no cells, or its single apartment might have 
 been called one cell, and was made secure by weak wooden shutters. It was used only for the 
 incarceration of unfortunates who had become so drunk they could not break out of a paper house. 
 In 1866, a more substantial structure of brick, with cells and apparatus for warmth, was erected 
 near the corner of Macy, on First street. In 1878, this having become too small to accommo- 
 date the constantly increasing numbers of tramps, or wandering vagrants, and too dilapidated to 
 secure criminals, the present brick and stone structure was built at a cost of $2,300, on the same 
 site. It is two stories high, with six single and four double cells, and a commodious cfiice for 
 the Chief of Police and police headquarters. The building is well provided with heating and 
 ventilating apparati, and is strong enough to confine any criminal.' It is used merely as a 
 place of confinement for persons charged with crime, until their trial — not as a place of punish- 
 ishment to those who have been sentenced to imprisonment. 
 
 ARTESIAN WELLS. 
 
 One of the most noticeable features of Fond du Lac is its large number of fountains or artes- 
 ian wells. From them the place took the popular name of "Fountain City." Theodore Conkey, 
 now of Appleton, was building the Badger House, on the corner of Main street and Western 
 avenue, during the summer of 1846, and desiring to know how deep a well must be to reach the 
 gravel bed, that he might calculate how many cords of stone to secure for walling it up, set Mr. 
 Curtis to drilling for the required information. Mr. Curtis drilled to what he considered an 
 unusual depth without reaching water, and one night about the 1st of August, thinking Mr. 
 Conkey might not desire any more money expended, asked if the drilling should be continued. 
 "Yes," said Mr. Conkey, "go on if you reach purgatory." The drill had then been sunk between 
 eighty-five and ninety feet, and when Mr. Curtis returned to pull out the tools for the night, 
 water in liberal quantities, cold and of good quality, began to flow with considerable force. The 
 discharge was at the rate of 1,000 gallons per hour. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 589 
 
 Since that time, fountains have been sunk in every portion of the city. The water is used 
 for domestic purposes, to supply the Fire Department, and to furnish the boilers of steam machin- 
 ery. For this latter purpose, the water of some fountains is not well adapted, the lime and 
 mineral substances with which it is impregnated being injurious to the iron. These substances, 
 which more strongly impregnate the water of some fountains than of others, possess medicinal 
 properties. These are contained in the oxide of iron, chloride of sodium, sulphate of lime, sul- 
 phate of magnesia, sulphate of soda, carbonate of soda, and carbonic acid, which have, by 
 analysis, been discovered in liberal quantities. Hunter's Magnetic Fountain, which discharges 
 a strong stream several feet above the surface of the ground through a two-inch pipe, became 
 particularly famous for the cures wrought by its use in cases of kidney disease and rheumatism. 
 The fountain was sunk to get water for a paper-mill, which proved to be unfit for the desired 
 purpose. The analysis ordered by Mr. Hunter, to discover what the water contained to render 
 it unfit for use in the manufacture of paper, resulted in developing the fact that it possessed val- 
 Tiable curative properties. A large bath-house and hotel were then erected on the spot and the 
 fountain advertised. This resulted in bringing invalids from all parts of the Union, many of 
 whom came on crutches and returned home cured. 
 
 For fire purposes these fountains furnished an ample supply of water at a trifling cost — 
 without cost, in fact, except to maintain pipes and reservoirs. The water from the large fount- 
 ains on the high-school grounds, at B. Wild & Co.'s bakery, on the premises of S. B. Amory, 
 and from others, is discharged into the fire reservoirs which are located at all the necessary quar- 
 ters of the city. These are all connected by large underground mains with each other, so that 
 when water is being pumped from any one of them it receives a supply from all the others and 
 also from the several fountains whose flow never ceases. No city has a cheaper or more effect- 
 ive water supply than Fond du Lac. 
 
 For ornamental purposes, the fountains can also be utilized in all possible ways, as the 
 supply is inexhaustible and not effected by frost or drought. Those who have put«p ornamental 
 fountains with the best effect are S. B. Amory and T. F. Strong, Sr., the jets being about twenty 
 feet in height, and of undiminished volume at all seasons. Mr. Strong's fountain throws over 
 100 distinct jets of water, and Mr. Amory's has three large jets in as many different localities, 
 all supplied from one bore. 
 
 No fresher, purer, sweeter water can be fouud anywhere than flows from these fountains, 
 and no city in the West is so fortunate in this respect as Fond du Lac. 
 
 GAS WORKS. 
 
 On Saturday evening, September 21, 1861, Mayor J. M. Taylor called a special meeting 
 of the Council for the purpose of taking action on propositions to light the city with gas. There 
 were two propositions submitted — one by J. Lockwood, of Milwaukee, and one by John P. 
 Crothers. The latter was accompanied by an ordinance, which was unanimously adopted. It 
 gave to said J. P. Crothers, his successors and assigns, the right to all streets, lanes and alleys, 
 for the purpose of laying and maintaining gas mains and pipes, upon giving proper notice to the 
 Street Commissioner; provided, that he or they repair as soon as possible, and be liable for, all 
 <]amage done in laying the pipes and mains. The work of erecting and maintaining the gas 
 works was subject to the conditions of Section 2 of the ordinance, as follows : 
 
 " Section 2. The privileges hereby granted are upon the express conditions that said 
 John P. Crothers, his associates successors, and assigns, shall, during the month of September, 
 1861, commence the work and arrange the apparatus for the manufacture of gas from coal or 
 any other material from which gas is now or may hereafter be made, which shall be equal to and 
 as good as any ordinary coal gas, and will prosecute said work with vigor and all diligence to com- 
 pletion ; and that the gas furnished the city for public use shall be furnished at a price not 
 exceeding $-3 per 1,000 cubic feet ; and that the gas furnished to the citizens of said city shall 
 be furnished at a price not exceeding $i per 1,000 cubic feet; and that the service pipe, from 
 
590 HISTORY OF FOND DIT LAC COUNTY. 
 
 the main pipe to the curbstone or side of any street or alley or public grounds, shall be fur- 
 nished, provided, placed and fixed by the said Crothers, his associates, successors and assigns, at 
 their own cost and expense ; and that tlie service pipe from the curbstone or side of streets, 
 alleys or public grounds to the building, shall be furnished, placed and fixed by said parties at a 
 cost to the city or person using the same not exceeding 25 cents per lineal foot ; the lamp-posts, 
 containing pipes, lamps and other necessary apparatus, being furnished by and at the expense 
 of the city. TJie right hereby granted shall not be forfeited by reason of accidents not the 
 results of the acts of the said parties, provided, such accident be remedied and said work 
 resumed and completed within a reasonable time." 
 
 The Council also passed an ordinance guaranteeing these rights and privileges to Crothers, 
 his successors and assigns, during a terra of fifteen years, without being in any manner inter- 
 fered with during that time by any person or corporation claiming to have any rights in oppo- 
 sition to him, his successors and assigns. 
 
 On the 12th of November, 1867, the Council passed an ordinance extending the gas 
 monopoly during a period of twenty-five years, subject to the conditions of the ordinance of 
 September 21, 1861, and upon the new and further condition that the gas works should at all 
 times be kept in suitable condition to supply their consumer^ with a good quality of gas and in 
 sufficient quantities. 
 
 The land upon which the works were built was purchased of Isaac S. Sherwood, in Block 
 "K," on Macy street, between Second and Court streets, and the gas works built in 1861. 
 Their capacity was not equal to that of the present works — in fact, they were very small 
 compared to those in existence at the present time. On the 16th of October, 1862, J. P. 
 Crothers, the founder of the enterprise, sold his entire interest to H. J. Hayes for f9,700, and, 
 the following June, according to the records, Mr. Hayes sold to James G. Miller for !|12,100. 
 In September, 1863, the firm became Miller & Bonesteel, and, September 4, 1867, James G. 
 Miller and Augustus D. Bonesteel sold the entire works, buildings, pipes, site and good will to 
 Jesse Beckley for $33,000. He immediately enlarged the works to their present capacity, and 
 laid several miles of new pipes and mains. Mr. Beckley continued sole proprietor until August 
 13, 1879, when he sold for $35,000 to Joseph Andrews, of Cincinnati, Ohio, who, on August 
 16, three days later, organized and had chartered the Fond du Lac Gaslight Company, the 
 present proprietors. The city contains 183 street lamps, which are lighted by gas at an annual 
 cost of a little less than $5,000. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 Notwithstanding a few childless croakers who have, during many years, never failed to do- 
 what they could to cripple the efficiency of the schools of the village and city. Fond du Lac has, 
 with one or two unimportant exceptions, always maintained a liberality toward her educational 
 institutions which is a credit to the good sense of her citizens and a precious benefit to the young' 
 who have grown up in her midst. Excellent teachers have generally been procured, and ample 
 accommodations provided for the children in every quarter of the city. 
 
 In former times, parents were compelled, by circumstances, to consult their resources rather 
 than their desires, and during several years the cause of education was in any but a flourishing 
 condition. When, however, once the limits prescribed by inexorable necessity were overcome, 
 and the inhabitants began to accumulate faster than they expended, a lively interest was taken 
 in all educational matters, and school affairs received the earnest attention and support of the 
 foremost citizens of Fond du Lac. This was not spasmodic, but was continued during more 
 than a quarter of a century, to which the city is indebted for her fine school buildings, thorough 
 organization of teachers, and admirable system of grading. 
 
 The first schoolhouse erected in what is now the city of Fond du Lac was built on land 
 owned by Dr. M. C. Darling, on the east side of Main street, between Second and Third streets, 
 in 1843, and, in 1848, was moved to the north side of Fifth street, between Marr and Main 
 streets, where it burned in December of that year. Dr. Darling did not give a deed of the land 
 
HISTORY OF FOKD DU LAC COUNTY. 591 
 
 on which the building stood for school purposes, and as building lots soon became more valuable, 
 the modest structure, which stood on wooden blocks, was removed. 
 
 The first teacher was Theodore Conkey, now of Appleton. Tlie following fall and winter, 
 1844, John A. Eastman opened a "select school " in the same building, having at one time 
 twenty scholars, though not all of them in Fond du Lac. 
 
 TIlb Franklin School. — The first free public school established in Fond du Lac was projected 
 and organized under an act of the Territorial Legislature, passed and approved February 1, 
 1846. The more important sections are these : 
 
 Section 1. That School District No. I, in the town of Fond du Lac, as now established by the School Com- 
 missioners of said town, is hereby organized into a separate school district for educational purposes ; and shall enjoy 
 all the powers of a corporation, so far as is necessary to carry out the objects of this act, to be known as the Board of 
 Trustees of the Franklin .School and by that name may sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, defend and be 
 defended in all courts of law and equity, in all actions, suits, causes and complaints whatever, and may have a 
 common seal, and alter the same at pleasure. 
 
 Sec. "2. The inhaSitants of said school district who are qualified by law to vote at any district school meeting, 
 shall be authorized to levy a tax not exceeding $2,000 in any one year, for the purpose of building or repairing a 
 schoolhouse, and the necessary fixtures and appendages thereto, and for the p.aymeut of the wages of teachers, and 
 for the providing of fuel, for the purchase of all needful apparatus for the use of said school, and for defraying the 
 necessary incidental expenses for keeping the school in operation. 
 
 * * -X- * ***** 
 
 Sec. 4. The Board of Trustees of said district shall from time to time appoint a Board of Superintendents 
 for such district, not less than three nor more than five in number ; said Superintendents to hold their offices for the 
 term of two years, unless sooner removed by the Board of Trustees, whose duties shall be as follows, to wit: To 
 determine the qualification of teachers to be employed in said school ; to direct and prescribe the course of instruc- 
 tion in said school, aud from time to time examine into its condition .and make report thereof annually to the School 
 Commissioners of the town, as required by law ; to direct, in consultation with the Principal of said school, the 
 arrangement and classification of the scholars iii the sever.al departments of study ; to establish, with the advice and 
 consent of a majority of the Board of Trustees, different departments of the school for the classification of scholars 
 of different ages and advancement in studies, as the future wants and necessities of the district may require ; to 
 advance scholars, upon evidence of merit, from one department to another; to prescribe the proper text-books; to 
 have power to remove any of the teachers of said school for incompetency or other sufficient cause, and toh.ive a gen- 
 eral supervision over the government and discipline of the school. 
 
 ».* * * * * It * * 
 
 Sec. 6. All schools kept in said district, in pursuance of this act, shall be free to all scholars between the 
 .ages of four and twenty-one ye.ars inclusive, who shall permanently reside therein. Nothing therein contained shall 
 be construed to prohibit the 13oard of Trustees from admitting scholars not residents of said district, into said school, 
 upon such terms and conditions as they may deem proper. 
 
 ** *■*****» 
 
 Sec. 9. All taxes raised for the purposes contemplated by this act shall be assessed upon the taxable property 
 of such district as exhibited by the assessment roll of the (own. and shall be levied and collected in the same manner 
 as now provided Dy law for collecting taxes for the building of schoolhouses in school districts in the counties under 
 the township system of government. 
 
 ***** **** 
 
 Sec. 1-5. Whenever school shall be kept in said district, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the 
 length of time now required by law, the said district shall be entitled to receive its portion of the public school 
 moneys in the same manner as other districts. 
 
 ********* 
 
 Sec. 17. No relieious creed or sectarian principle shall ever be made a requisite either for the admission of 
 scholars into the school or for the employment of the teachers therein, and no particular religious creed or sectarian 
 principles shall ever be taught in said school. 
 
 In January, 1848, the matter of affording better accommodations for the school children of 
 the village was vigorously agitated. Edward Beeson Avrote that the district contained 100 
 scholars and but one schoolroom, which was hardly large enough to accommodate 40 children. 
 He advised that, if a suitable building could not be secured any other way, certificates of stock 
 be issued, at 12 per cent interest, for the required amount, the debt to be paid by taxation when 
 the district should have grown richer. The plan was not adopted. 
 
 On the 2d of February, 1848, the Board of Trustees and Superintendents of the Franklin 
 School, consisting of Edward Pier, J. M. Gillet, J. A. Eastiuan, Isaac Brown, M. C. Darling 
 and M. S. Gibson, reported a set of by-laws for the government of the school, and recom- 
 mended the erection of an addition to the schoolhouse for the small children, and " the purchase 
 «f a suitable apparatus for illustrating the higher branches of education, such as a set of 
 
692 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 globes, geographical maps and charts and a planetarium." They also ordered that Thursday 
 afternoon of each week be set apart for the reception of visitors and school officers. 
 
 The plan of maintaining the Franklin School free to all residents of the district does not 
 seem to have been satisfactory, for, in March, 1848, the bill chartering the school was amended 
 so that the expenses should be paid by the scholars, at a rate not exceeding $1.50 each for a 
 term of three months, and the debt against any parent or guardian for " schooling " could be 
 collected in the same manner as any tax. 
 
 Matters must have got on indiiferently, for, in October, 1848, a correspondent noted that 
 " The Franklin School District can boast of a ball-alley, a billiard-room and a number of dog- 
 geries, all well patronized, while 100 scholars are aniusing themselves in the streets, for want of 
 a school." 
 
 From bad the Franklin School affairs went to worse, and, December 4, 1848, the citizens 
 met in the schoolhouse, and defeated, by an overwhelming majority, not only a resolution to 
 raise a tax to pay arrearages, but a resolution to raise a tax for the ensuing year, as the follow- 
 lowing proceedings, copied from the Fond du Lac Republican of December 8, 1848, amply 
 testify : 
 
 "Pursuant to notice given ten days previously, the citizens of the Franklin School Dis- 
 trict met at the schoolhouse (on Fifth street) in said district, on Monday evening, December 4, 
 1848, and organized by calling George McWilliams to the chair, and appointing E. W. Davis 
 Secretary, when, on motion of Sam Ryan, Jr., voted. That no tax whatever be raised in the 
 Franklin District for past arrearages, or for the support of schools the coming winter. 
 
 " On motion by Sam Ryan, Jr., voted. That our Representative be requested to use his 
 influence to procure the repeal of the law organizing the Franklin School District. 
 
 " When, after considerable discussion and an expose of the financial condition of the Frank- 
 lin District, it was, on motion of E. W. Davis, voted to reconsider the vote previously passed, 
 to raise no tax whatever. 
 
 " A motion was made by M. L. Noble that we raise no tax this year ; to which an amend- 
 ment was offered by John Bannister, That we raise tax enough to pay up all arrearages, which 
 was lost by 5 to 1. The original motion (to raise no tax whatever) was then put, and. carried 
 by an overwhelming majority. 
 
 "On motion by G. Henning. voted. That the proceedings of this meeting be signed by 
 the Chairman and Secretary, and published in the newspapers of the village." 
 
 To pay for this summary manner of depriving the village of the proper and necessary educa- 
 tional facilities, the schoolhouse was burned by some unknown person eight days later, Decem- 
 ber 12, 1848. The crime of arson was by no means justifiable on account of the acts of the 
 School Board — or such a meeting of citizens as was called a School Board — but the very free 
 expressions of opinion by those who had children whom they wished to educate without leaving 
 the place where they had cast their lot in an endeavor to found homes and build up a credita- 
 ble village, seem to have been fully justified by these acts. 
 
 This much has been devoted to the Franklin School to show the trials and tribulations 
 through which all educational enterprises must pass before they become as strong and beneficial 
 as those of Fond du Lac at the present time. 
 
 During the succeeding winter, that of 1848-49, the village had no school. In July, 1849, 
 a meeting was held at the court house to elect school officers and levy a tax for school purposes. 
 Permission of the Town Superintendent had been obtained to raise $2,000 for the erection of a 
 schoolhouse, but when the resolution to levy that amount came to a vote, the matter was laid on 
 the table and the meeting adjourned. There was something of a contest over this matter, a 
 large number of the inhabitants regarding the sum of $2,000 for a school building as altogether 
 too extravagant. 
 
 On the 19th of November, 1849, F. R. Kinsman was engaged " as a proper person to 
 teach youth," to conduct a school " on the normal plan," in a building rented for the purpose of 
 Carmin Wright. The next year, 1850, the building now known as the Marr Street Schoolhouse 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 593 
 
 ■was erected, and the only schoolhouse in the village. School was continued regularly thereafter, 
 and, although there had been some growling because the Marr street building had been made so 
 large, in a short time it was found to be too small, and the city, as it was after 1852, was divided 
 into four common-school districts. 
 
 North and South Union Schools. — On the 5th of August, 1854, by the order of E. Hodges, 
 ■who had been elected Superintendent of Schools for the city of Fond du Lac ; E. H. Galloway 
 and George W. Sexmith, of District No. 1 of the city ; J. Q. Griffith, Hiram and Robert A. 
 Baker, of District No. 2, and H. R. Colman and Edmund Delany, of District No. 3 of the 
 city of Fond du Lac, these three districts were consolidated into one. called the Union District 
 No. 1, or North Union, and bids called for to build a schoolhouse. Edmund Delany was 
 elected Director ; John L. Henry, Treasurer, and Robert A. Baker, Clerk of Union District 
 No. 1, August 12, 1854. 
 
 At the same time. District No. 4 was, by the order of the Superintendent and Isaac Brown 
 and W. H. Walker, officers of the district, changed to District No. 2, or South Union, now 
 known as Marr Street School. The building which is in use at the present time, had been 
 built previously to that time, and used by District No. 4. 
 
 A site was purchased of E. H. Galloway, for $500, on Lots 52 and 53, Block 11 (the Cotton 
 Street Schoolhouse site), and a building costing $2,000 ordered to be built for the use of District 
 No. 1. The structure thus ordered is now known as the Cotton Street Schoolhouse. 
 
 In September, before the consolidation took place, the Clerk of District No. 1 made a 
 report showing that 83 children had attended school during the year at a cost for 3 teachers, 
 fuel and other expenses, of $250. For 10 months of school only $184 was paid for teachers' 
 wages. The report for District No. 2 showed 32 scholars and an expenditure for teachers' 
 wages, fuel and incidentals of $202. The report for District No. 3 showed 88 scholars and an 
 expenditure of $296 for teachers' wages and fuel. Carlos A. Ryder finished the school build- 
 ing for District No. 1 in 1855, at a cost of $2,088, less $190 damages awarded to the District 
 by referees for neglecting to follow the plans and specifications ordered by the district. This 
 did not include painting, sidewalks and miscellaneous items. In 1858, a fountain was dug in 
 the school-grounds and a reservoir sunk at a cost of $260, and $100 was expended for a library. 
 
 A deep interest was taken in school matters, and both the North and South Union Schools 
 were well patronized and efficiently taught. When the High School was formed, it in nowise 
 interfered with the other public schools, which have increased in numbers and attendance. 
 
 In 186i;-63, 0. C. Steinberg, Principal of the High School, was impowered to grade all 
 the schools of the city, making a course of instruction extending over a period of thirteen years 
 and embracing every possible degree of advancement in scholai-ship. In the published report 
 of the School Board in 1867, Mr. Steenberg, then Superintendent of Schools, recommended 
 compulsory attendance of all healthy children of school age, using the following language : 
 
 " Those who attend school irregularly, and those who do not attend school, number 3,046. 
 From the best data that can be secured, I find that at least 500 of that number are habitual tru- 
 ants or idlers, or have parents who are, to a greater or less extent, indifferent to their best interests. 
 * * * Can a community ignore the moral welfare of 500 of its children? If they 
 were diseased, either physically or mentally, hospitals and asylums would be provided for them; 
 were they criminals, prisons would be built for them. * * * Argument seems 
 
 unnecessary. In the minds of those who have the future good of our city at heart, there can be 
 but one conclusion. It is the duty of the city not only to provide means by which our youth may 
 become good citizens, but by its authority, to constrain those who are too young or too ignorant 
 to appreciate and employ those advantages." 
 
 This was the first recommendation in a published educational document, of a compulsory 
 school law. In 1878-79, the Legislature passed such a law for the benefit of cities, which took 
 effect September 1, 1879. It is certainly beneficial in a city like Fond du Lac, where a large 
 number of children are engaged in mills and factories. 
 
594 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 In 1852, nine teachers were employed, at a cost of $1,087.41, to teach 498 scholars. In 
 1858, the Superintendent reported 1,020 scholars, taught by ten teachers, at a cost of $3,525.08. 
 In 186-3, there were 1,177 seats, and an average of 1,25-3 scholars, while during the winter 
 term, 1,378 students were accommodated in those 1,177 seats. 
 
 The city now contains, in addition to the Higli School building, eighteen public schools, 
 which, with the sites, are owned by the corporation. These are located on First street. Cotton street, 
 Ruggles street, 2; Grant street, Walnut street, Marr street, Cherry street, Amoi'y street. Fifth 
 street. Hickory street, Rees street. Doty street, Sibley street, 2 ; Prospect street, Clinton street and 
 Second street. These contain forty main rooms, will accommodate 2,800 students, and have a 
 cash valuation of $98,700. The sites are valued at $22,000, making the city's school property 
 worth, in cash, $120,700. Nearly every schoolhouse is provided with a fountain. 
 
 The appended is a table showing the number of pupils and teachers, with cost of schools 
 for a number of years: 
 
 Tear. 
 
 Number of Children of 
 Lawful Age. 
 
 Number of Pupils En- 
 rolled. 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 a 
 
 >5 
 
 Wages paid Teachers. 
 
 Other Exponses, Includ- 
 ing Buildings, etc. 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 Total Cost of Instruction 
 per Pupil, based upon 
 tho number enrolled 
 and the entire cost of 
 schools. 
 
 Cost of Tuition per 
 Pupil, biuied tipon tho 
 number enrolled and 
 the amount of teach- 
 ers' salaries. 
 
 2 
 ■sv 
 
 2 
 
 s,| • 
 
 < 
 
 1852 
 
 185.8 
 
 1854 
 
 1855 
 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 
 1858 
 
 18,59 
 
 1860 
 
 1861 
 
 1862 
 
 1863 
 
 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 
 1873 
 
 1879 
 
 639 
 844 
 994 
 1338 
 1.567 
 2040 
 1839 
 1916 
 2119 
 2562 
 2358 
 2695 
 ,3048 
 4101 
 5109 
 
 5469 
 5900 
 
 498 
 
 570 
 
 635 
 
 827 
 
 972 
 
 1014 
 
 1020 
 
 1361 
 
 1507 
 
 1611 
 
 1684 
 
 2048 
 
 2414 
 
 3038 
 
 2815 
 
 3239 
 
 347.5* 
 
 2484 
 
 » 
 't . 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 10 
 10 
 12 
 17 
 20 
 22 
 23 
 28 
 29 
 33 
 32 
 47 
 47 
 
 1087 41 
 1242 60 
 1298 69 
 1954 86 
 2294 60 
 3443 12 
 3525 08 
 4.501 07 
 5408 75 
 5109 44 
 5795 66 
 6090 00 
 73-^0 00 
 8325 00 
 9713 50 
 10961 13 
 18808 50 
 18136 25 
 
 212 94 
 
 331 34 
 
 301 22 
 
 255 00 
 
 618 31 
 
 917 .54 
 
 828 88 
 
 1279 08 
 
 1091 77 
 
 1216 35 
 
 4866 88 
 
 3204 00 
 
 7786 72 
 
 22710 78 
 
 1)<895 47 
 
 12942 31 
 
 40979 27 
 
 12079 89 
 
 1300 35 
 
 1573 94 
 
 1599 91 
 
 2209 86 
 
 3007 91 
 
 4160 66 
 
 4863 96 
 
 ■ 5780 15 
 
 6410 62 
 
 6325 79 
 
 10662 54 
 
 10254 00 
 
 15136 72 
 
 31035 78 
 
 28608 97 
 
 23903 44 
 
 59877 77 
 
 30215 64 
 
 2 61 
 2 76 
 2 52 
 
 2 67 
 
 3 09 
 
 4 00 
 4 25 
 4 24 
 
 4 25 
 3 73 
 6 27 
 
 5 00 
 
 6 23 
 10 21 
 10 16 
 
 7 30 
 17 23 
 la 16 
 
 2 18 
 2 17 
 2 04 
 2 36 
 
 2 36 
 
 3 35 
 3 45 
 3 33 
 3 52 
 3 17 
 3 44 
 
 2 97 
 
 3 22 
 
 2 41 
 
 3 45 
 3 38 
 5 72 
 7 30 
 
 120 82 
 124 26 
 
 216 44 
 
 217 20 
 286 82 
 844 31 
 352 50 
 376 01 
 318 16 
 255 47 
 
 263 44 
 
 264 78 
 262 50 
 273 26 
 294 35 
 342 59 
 402 12 
 385 87 
 
 The High School. — About the 1st of October, 1858, the citizens of the two districts into 
 which the city was divided, sent to the School Boards of the respective districts a petition praying 
 that a Union High School be established. The petitions were heeded at once, and George B. 
 Eastman, the School Superintendent, authorized to take the necessary steps to accomplish the 
 desired result. In accordance therewith, Mr. Eastman, on the 8th of October, 1858, made the 
 following report : 
 
 " I have this day formed a Union High School District in accordance with the expressed 
 .desire of the districts comprising the same, which determination has been properly certified to 
 by me as required by Section 2 of Chapter 138, of the General Laws of 1858, to be called the 
 Union High School District of the city of Fond du Lac, of which the following is a description : 
 The entire corporate limits of said city of Fond du Lac as designated in 'An Act to amend an 
 act entitled an act to incorporate the city of Fond du Lac,' approved March 19, 1852, and 
 as exhibited in the map of said city, published by George R. Harrison, in the year 1857. Such 
 formation to take effect immediately." 
 
*^ 
 
 
 I 
 t 
 
 FOND DU LAC. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 597 
 
 In the city districts was included a portion of the town of Fond du Lac, and when Mr. 
 Eastman formed the High School he cut this portion off, much to the disgust of its citizens, who 
 wanted the benefit of the school without paying any of the city taxes by which the school was sup- 
 ported. Tiie act above quoted gave the Superintendent authority to appoint the necessary officers, 
 and he therefore appointed Robert A. Baker, Clerk; W. H. Hiner and B. F. Moore, Directors. 
 A meeting of these officers was held October 21, 1858, in Amory Hall, and $1,961.40 author- 
 ized to be raised by tax for room-rent, teachers' wages and fuel. The tuition was fixed at $7 
 per term of thirteen weeks, for non-residents. It was, of course, free to all residents of the city, 
 whether of school age or not. 
 
 The first High School in the city of Fond du Lac was organized and opened in January, 
 1859, by Edwin C. Johnson and Miss M. S. Merrille, in what was known as the Sewell store on 
 Main street, between Johnson and Merrill streets. The students perpetrated many a gibe over 
 the fact that the nearest streets and the teachers had the same names. The school opened with 
 with nearly one hundred students, being free to all residents of the city who could pass a prescribed 
 examination in geography, arithmetic and grammar. In 1860, Prof. Johnson resigned, and Selim 
 H. Peabody was engaged as Principal, who opened the school in the Marshall Block, on Second 
 street. The next year the location was changed to the Warner Block, on the corner of Main 
 and Second streets. There was no other change of location until a High School building hacf been 
 erected. In July, 1859, the first steps were taken to secure the erection of such a building, as the 
 High School had grown into popular favor, and was considered an important and indispensable 
 department in the rapidly advancing system of education. This resulted in opening negotiations 
 for a site, which was an important matter. 
 
 In July, 1859, the Board adopted a resolution authorizing the establishment of a Normal 
 Institute in connection with the High School, and the provisions of the resolution were carried 
 into effect and during several years thereafter. Normal students were taught in the school and 
 received annually the proper apportionment of the State Normal School fund. 
 
 In January, 1860, the School Board appointed a committee to secure the west half of 
 the McGinty tract, situated on the north side of Merrill street and east of Amory street, at a 
 cost of .^1,400, which they did in April of that year. In October, 1863, the Finance Commit- 
 tee of the School Board, presented for the approval of the Board a form of bond to be executed 
 for the purpose of raising money to build a High School building, also a mortgage executed to 
 S. B. Amory, of all the school property in the city as collateral security. Both were adopted, 
 and authority given to the President of the Board and the Clerk to execute the bond and mort- 
 gage. There appeared at this time no inconsiderable amount of dissatisfaction over this location of 
 the High School in what was called an "out-of-the-way place," and J. M. Taylor oiFered to 
 donate, free of co^t forever, twelve and one-half acres of land on Forest street, for a High 
 School building, but the offer was declined on account of the advanced state of matters in 
 another direction. In February, 1864, a plan for the proposed building by Isaac Brown was 
 accepted, and the contract was let to W. M. Phelan and William Heathcote in March, Mr. 
 Brown, now of Harrington, Delaware, being the Superintendent. The structure was pushed 
 rapidly to completion, but Mr. Brown was unable to supervise everything, owing to the severe 
 illness of his nephew, George L. Arnold. A public dedication was had, and the building taken 
 possession of by the High School, with 0. C. Steenberg as Principal, in 1865. 
 
 At the dedication, William D. Conklin of Fond du Lac, delivered an address : 
 
 " Some twenty-odd years ago," said the speaker, "a school was organized by and with the 
 children of three families, and two half-breed boys, belonging to no family in particular. It was 
 held in a little log cabin over yonder, on Elihu Phillips' farm that now is, and was taught, 
 ostensibly, by James Duane Ruggles. When, however, ' Duane,' as we called our teacher, lured 
 by the more fascinating pursuits of hunting or the gentle craft, failed to make his appear- 
 ance at the conventional hour of 9 A. M., we did not, like the degenerate school-boys of to-day,, 
 take advantage of the opportunity and scamper off home ; but some two or three of us larger 
 boys, taking turn and turn about as it happened, would carry the institution along for the day 
 
 Q 
 
598 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 in the accustomed routine. Now, some of my young friends among the school-boys here may 
 deem this statement a little strong, and the school-boy comparison slightly invidious. Well, L 
 will relieve tliem with a little further explanation. The site and surroundings of that old school- 
 house were to us the most captivating imaginable. It was on the brink of that deep dell you 
 all know so well. In that dell were the greatest woods for chipmunks that ever grew, and 
 through their deep shade murmured the nicest streamlet for wading and catching crawfish, with 
 here and there an eddy or deep hole full of chubs, possessed of a most remarkable natural 
 affinity for pin-hooks. Wo were the only youngsters in the country, and absolutely had no 
 other place to go, unless to our respective homes and the never-failing boys' work there- 
 unto appertaining. Furthermore, our course of study bore close resemblance to that of the 
 ancient Persian schools, where the youth were carefully instructed from their fifth to their 
 twentieth year in three things alone — to ride, to draw the bow and to speak the truth. You 
 may judge of the amount of magnanimity and self-denial involved in keeping that school with- 
 out the master. 
 
 "In the meantime," continued the speaker, "the Legislature of the Territory of Wiscon- 
 sin, acting, I presume, on the hint contained in Article 3 of the celebrated Ordinance of 1787, 
 which provides that, ' Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government 
 and rtie happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encour- 
 aged ' — acting on this hint, and in the plenitude of its wisdom, had enacted that ' every town 
 in this Territory, containing not less than ten families, shall be a school district, and shall be 
 provided with a competent school master or mistress to instruct children.' In due time, the 
 country hereabout achieved a population of not less than ten families, with that ancient burgh, 
 Taycheedah, as the center and nucleus. (Be it here known that Taycheedah was immensely 
 larger than Fond du Lac.) The town of Fond du Lac was, territorially speaking, almost indefi- 
 nite in extent. My ancient geography is a little rusty, but I think it was bounded on the north 
 by the then State of Green Bay, on the south by the commonwealth of Milwaukee, on the east 
 by the Sheboygan woods, while in the matter of the west line, the taste of the most fastidious 
 could be gratified by locating it where he might choose, without fear of contradiction or interfer- 
 ence. 
 
 " I presume this town was duly organized under the statute as a school district, and provided 
 with a competent school master or mistress, to instruct children. I know that the Messrs. Moore 
 and Doty, the proprietors of Taycheedah, furnished the funds and built the framed schoolhouse with 
 the little cupola, still standing in that classic town. There was hung in that cupola a pretty, 
 clear-toned steamboat bell, brought by Honry Conklin all the way from the dismantled wreck of 
 the steamer Advocate, on the Hudson River, which in that day was the never-ceasing won- 
 der of the wandering aborigines, as well as admiration of the white pioneer. And, by the way, 
 that same old bell (appropriated without title, leave or license), even now, from the belfry of the 
 public school, awakes the echoes and disturbs the solitudes (and, I hope, the consciences) of that 
 quiet, peaceful hauiit of somnolent humanity. The first schoolmaster here was, I think, one of 
 the Conklin family, on whose pedagogic career the constitutional modesty of the family will for- 
 bid extended comment ; but the genius and glory of that pioneer school, unquestionably, is associ- 
 ated with a worthy pedagogue, by name Mr. Maxon. He was a good, worthy man, a veritable, 
 old-fashioned Yankee schoolmaster, such as the land of steady habits has ever sent forth with 
 her legions of frontier woodmen, supplying the Union with pioneers for tiie mind, as well as for the 
 wilderness. He was withal an enterprising, active little man, and, as Irving says of Ichabod 
 Crane, ' Truth to say, he was a conscientious man, and ever bore in mind the golden maxim, 
 " Spare the rod and spoil the child !' " 
 
 " The pupils of that school were of rather a miscellaneous make-up. There were the Rug- 
 gles, the Elliots and the Conklins from 'up under the Ledge;' the Moores, Carltons and 
 Perrys at Taycheedah. Keyes A. Darling, his brother Lewis, and sister Helen (now Mrs. 
 John A. Eastman), — the whole juvenile population of Fond du Lac — made their daily advent 
 in a primitive vehicle drawn by a small pony, and followed by a large dog, while through this 
 group was interlarded an occasional young Frenchman or half-breed. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DF I-AC COUNTY. 599 
 
 " This school was also a kind of paradise forwild youngsters. The adjacent creek and lake 
 shore, abounding in water-fowl and Indian canoes, tended further to stimulate and advance the 
 aquatic and venary tastes and habits of the old log schoolhouse by the dell; and, if the course of 
 instruction at the old place on the ' Ledge ' was upon the ancient Persian system, that of Taychee- 
 dah resembled, perhaps, the ancient Athenian plan, where every citizen, under a severe penalty, 
 was required to teach his son to read and to swim. 
 
 " The first schoolhouse was built in the village of Fond du Lac in 1843, and was situated 
 on Main street, where now stands Valentine & Olmsted's store, and it was removed, in 1848, to 
 Fifth street, where Mr. Benson now lives, and, during the winter following (December 12, 1848), 
 was burned down. This school was first taught, I think, by Theodore Conkey, and probably on 
 much the same principles as hereinbefore adverted to. 
 
 '• But the course of empire westward brought with it that remorseless wave of immigration, 
 surging along, and overwhelming in its course every vestige of the romance and charm of the 
 wilderness ; and before the pioneers could well realize the change, a strange, eager and motley 
 crowd of Celt, Gaul, Teuton and Saxon, of Yankee, York State man, Pennite and Buckeye — 
 aye ! even you whom I now address — had gained a foothold, forced back the wild man and. 
 beast, and built up the village and city of Fond du Lac. 
 
 " As if to compensate and console us for our little Utopia you had so ruthlessly invaded 
 and blotted out, you brought to us the fruition of the ideas of Martin Luther, Pestalozzi and Fellen- 
 berg ; of John Knox and Joseph Lancaster ; of Henry Barnard, Barnes Sears and Horace 
 Mann — that glorious system of public schools, evolved and perfected by the wisdom and 
 experience of your native States. 
 
 " Those germs and cions from that ' tree of centuries ' you have carefully planted in this 
 new soil ! You have jealously guarded and cultivated them with a most noble spirit of public 
 liberality. In times of eairly struggle and hardship, of high taxation and large expenditure- 
 consequent on the erection of a new and vast social and political edifice, you have faithfully 
 kept and applied the proceeds of munificent national land grants; heroically devoted a large 
 share of local taxation ; and generously contributed by private subscription to the encouragement 
 and support of the common school. An illustration of the perfect adaptability of this admir-. 
 able system to the end sought on the one hand, and on the other hand the magical growth of 
 our young city, is furnished in the remarkable number and capacity of the school edifices erected 
 here already . 
 
 " Through the kindness of Mr. Isaac Brown, than whom no gentleman in our city has been 
 more closely and honorably identified with our public-school interests, I am enabled to lay before 
 you a summary of the school-building operations, up to the period of the consolidation of all 
 the districts embraced by our city limits. In the year 1860 (which is really the beginning of 
 our school system proper), we had the old Marr street house, ycleped the " Union School," com- 
 prehending within its walls three departments, and filled to overflowing with young ideas, learn- 
 ing to shoot at all grades of intellectual targets — in truth, it ever was, and is now, a busy hive. 
 The Cotton street house was next erected in 18.5.5 and 1856. These two schoolhouses furnished 
 accommodation for about four hundred and seventy-five scholars, and have been amply filled from 
 first to last. 
 
 " Under the present dispensation have appeared, in 1860, the Harney street house, and 
 one on Ruggles street, with seats for 256 scholars. In 1861, another on Ruggles street, one on 
 Rees street, and an addition to the Cotton street house, containing in gross 208 seats. 
 
 " In 186-3, a new schoolhouse was built on Scott street ; another on Walnut street ; another 
 on Cherry street, and another on Fifth street. These last-named houses furnish in the aggre- 
 gate accommodation for 384 pupils. And now, during the past year, this splendid edifice has 
 been erected, with ample space for 430 scholars, and at a cost of $17,000." 
 
 The building, ;it the dedication of which the foregoing remarks were made, was three stories 
 high, with brick outside, and accommodated nearly as many scholars as the present high- 
 school building. After it had been in use about two years, the heavy ceiling of the chapel fell 
 
600 HISTORY OF FOXD DF LAC COUXTY. 
 
 with a resounding crash. Very fortunately the room was not occupied at the time, or an appal- 
 ling destruction of life must have followed. The work had been improperly done, and to repair 
 the damage cost $3,000. The building burned in 1868, on the night of December 4, and, next 
 morning, many of the scholars, not knowing ofthe conflagration, appeared at the usual place and 
 time with their books. The cause of the fire was set down as something ''very mysterious," 
 and the public was never fully satisfied on this point, although the impression generally pre- 
 vailed that it was of incendiary origin. The High School was continued in rented rooms until 
 September, 1873, when the present building, a splendid four-story structure of brick and stone, 
 was completed on the site where the first one was burned. It was built by Theodore Eul, and 
 cost $15,000, exclusive of the foundation. It is admitted to be the best high-school building in 
 the State and to possess much the finest yard and location. It contains tea large schoolrooms, 
 an office and library, apparatus-room, chapel, halls, and wardrobes. In front of the building is 
 such a fountain as can be found nowhere in the Northwest outside of Fond du Lac. The water- 
 jet is from a two-inch pipe and is discharged with great force. It is beautiful as well as useful. 
 The school is managed with thoroughness, and aifords almost collegiate advantages to those who 
 desire them. 
 
 The following are the graduates of the High School: 1860 — Isa F. Mather, Emma Jane 
 Ward, Kate Frame, Kelsey M. Adams. 1801 — Garland Gillet, Horton Drury. 1862 — Kate 
 Hamilton, Anna Longstaft', Ellen Delany, Carver N. Griifith. 1863 — Isabella Perkins, Cor- 
 nelia Soule, Mary Eastman. 1864 — Mary Todd, Elizabeth D. Hoyt, Ella Lewis, Henry C. 
 Moore. 1865 — Angelina Munro, Alice E. Delany, Lizzie Soule, Clinton Ewen, George Todd, 
 Ada V. Sharpe, Jenny Mason, Maggie Spears, Lucius D. Ilurd. 1866 — Julia Todd, Alice 
 Arnold, Maggie Eastman, Helen Tallraadge, Viletta Fowler, Albert Dye, Edward B. Beeson, 
 Daniel McKenna, Emma Jane Ellis, Alice Goss, Francis Crane, Lilly Camp, Evelyn Selden, 
 Edward S. Curran, Charles Hamilton. 1867— Martha Curtis, Florence Patchen, Adelaide 
 Lewis, Frank B. Hoskins, Annie Stow, Louisa DeGroat, Willie Johnson, George E. Weikert. 
 1868— Francis Mihills, Fannie Craig, Adelle Ellis, Abby W. Griffin, Mary L. Chamberlain, 
 Anna Mason, Anna E. Hurd, Alfred L. Moore, Edwin Radford. 1869 and 1870 — No gradu- 
 ates. 1871 — Ella Raymond, Allie Boyd, Ida Gordon, Priscilla Morton. 187'2 — Estella Clark, 
 Edward Doheney. 1873 — Fannie Morse, Carrie Conklin, Sarah Cahill, Eliza Bancroft, Isa 
 Reid, Ferrin Beals, R. Waters. 1874— J. Milton Adams, Calvin C. Todd, Mary Mangan, 
 Emma J. Burrows, Mary E. Adams. 1875 — Georgiana French, Martha E. Lovett, Jennie 
 Whitton, Effie M. Newton, Emma F. Dahlem, James H. Waters, Walter I. Nichols, Harvey 
 
 B. Nichols, Joseph D. Radford, John C. Hayward, William J. Burns. 1876 — Lillie M. John- 
 son, Jenny S. Hawes, Annie Bodine, Frankie A. Airhart, Lizzie C. Tallmadge, Lucy A. Green, 
 Inez M. Gillet, Nelli-e C. Wright, Georgiana M. Rose, Maud M. Murdoch, Charles Little, Luola 
 
 C. Robertson, Ellie I. Cavauaugh, Edward B. Priest, Edward H. Parker. 1877 — Clarence 
 Tallmadge, Alice Cooper, Katie Jones, Maria Pinney, Alonzo H. Palmer, Evanore 0. Beebe, 
 Anna Giltner, Laura T. Burnton, James H. Lyons, Jean Dodd, Fannie A. Underwood, Mattie 
 A. Raymond, Henry A. Bush. 1878 — Marcia E. Pinney, Mariam L. Rose, Kate Clark, Tessa 
 McLean, Ella A. Roberts, Blanche Griffith, Mary V. Johnson, Sarah E. Benner, Kate E. 
 McCourt, Stephen S. Stack, Ella M. Roche, Lizzie Carberry, Carrie E. Sizer, Mary Harlin, 
 Anna M. Lange, Minnie E. Breitzman, Ella J. Burns, Carrie E. Riem, Thomas Lyons, Kate 
 A. Everest, Ida M. Calkins, Lizzie M. Main, Emma L. Lilly. 1S79 — Charles N. Boardman, 
 Archibald Church, Frank N. Phelan, Charles W. Hamilton, Charles N. Kalk, Alvie H. Adams, 
 Lula C. Breitenstein, Jennie E. Mangan, Ella A. Riley, Frank H. Sweet, George H. Wiley, 
 Jennie E. Dahlem, Edward E. Dalton, Agnes E. Deland, John B. Darling, Delia E. Halpin, 
 Cora E. Lewis, Jeannie M. Lowell, Ei-ick VV. Lucke, Hannah Malloy, Mary J. McLean, Kate 
 A. Morley, Mary J. Nugent, Susie B. Spears, Carrie Wright. 
 
 Marr Street Academy. — In 1859, Mrs. R. S. Palmer opened, in the town of Lamartine, 
 a boarding-school for pupils over fourteen years of age. The te.xt-books were the same 
 as those in use in the High School, and the venture was a success. In 1867, the school was 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 601 
 
 moved to Forest street, Fond du Lac, where it continued with greater patronage and success 
 until 1870, when it was moved to its present location on Marr street. It is now known as 
 Marr Street Academy, and is under the direction of its founder, Mrs. R. S. Palmer. The cur- 
 riculum is the same as that of the High School. Special branches are taught when desired. 
 
 Forest Sb-eet Association. — In 1857, a select school was organized under the name of the 
 Forest Street Association, which built an audition to the First Baptist Church, corner of For- 
 est and Union streets, and opened a school therein, under the direction of Miss M. S. Merrille, 
 now of Merrille Institute. It was a successful and satisfactory school. Miss Merrille remained 
 less than two years, and. on going to Madison, was succeeded by Miss Sarah Henry, since 
 appointed Matron of the Wisconsin State Prison. The building is now used for church pur- 
 poses, the school having been discontinued for some time. 
 
 Merrille Institute. — This school, which is exclusively for the education of young ladiesi 
 was opened on Division street, in a building now the residence of W. C. Ogden, in September^ 
 1866, by Miss M. S. Merrille. It was not opened as a boarding-school, and has never been 
 conducted as such. The curriculum of the High School was adopted as nearly as possible, and 
 Miss Merrille had, the first term, as many students as her building would accommodate. 
 
 In 1868, she built a three-story brick building 56x58 feet, on the corner of Union and 
 Cherry streets. This has accommodations for ninety scholai's, and some terms has been as full 
 as possible. To the High-School curriculum were added French and music. 
 
 Merrille Institute was chartered by the State in 1868-69, and has been an unusually suc- 
 cessful young ladies' seminary, not depending for its pecuniary support upon furnishing food, 
 lodging and courting rooms for young ladies. It occupies a large plat of ground in a pleasant 
 portion of the city, near enough to depots and post office, and is pronounced one of the most 
 wholesome schools for young ladies to be found anywhere. 
 
 German and English Academy. — This is one of the most important institutions of learn- 
 ing in Fond du Lac. It was organized in 1854, for the purpose of teaching English and Ger- 
 man to German and Entrlish children in the most natural and thorough manner. French and 
 Latin are also taught when desired. On the 4th of October, 1858, the school was incorporated, 
 and now owns its school buildings and grounds on Portland street. The scholars, of which 
 there are usually about one hundred, are graded into three classes, with a teacher for each. 
 No aid is received from public taxes, and no religious belief is taught or tolerated. Twice each 
 week, all kinds of needle and fancy work are taught, at 25 cents per month additional. To become 
 a member of the German and English Academy Association, a fee of $5 is rccjuired. Fees 
 thus paid in go to make a reduction of 10, 15 and 25 cents per month, according to grade, in 
 tuition fees for the children of members. Those not members must pay $1.50, $1.75 or $2 
 per month, according to grade, for each student. Neatness of dress, cleanliness of person, 
 punctuality and systematic habits are taught in addition to other studies. New classes are 
 formed twice each year — in April and October. The ladies of the Association give annually 
 an exhibition and fair, the proceeds of which go to better support this school. For the same 
 purpose, a masked ball is held annually by the patrons of the school, always adding comforta- 
 ble sums to the treasury. 
 
 The officers, consisting of a President, Secretary, Treasurer and Board of Directors, are 
 elected semi-annually. The teachers are Julius F. Harthun,. Dora L. Pinney and Theodore A. 
 Lucke. The officers are : President, Franz Lauenstein ; Secretary, C. L. Encking ; Treasurer, 
 L. Muenter. Directors — F. Rueping, Joseph Lenz. F. Krumme and E. N. Korr»?r. 
 
 The German and English Academy has turned out some of the most accomplished scholars 
 in Fond du Lac, and is considered a most excellent school in which to thoroughly teach 
 the German language to those whose mother tongue is English, or the English to those who 
 speak German. 
 
602 HISTORY OF FOXD 1)U LAC COUNTY. 
 
 BONDED INDEBTEDNESS. 
 
 The first bonds issued by the city of Fond du Lac were by resolution of the Common Coun- 
 cil of March 4, 1854, under Chapter 58, Laws of 1854, when $19,800, at 10 per cent interest, 
 was issued in bonds to the Waupun, Fond du Lac & Forest Plank Road Company. At the same 
 time, $1,900, at the same rate of interest, were issued to the Fond du Lac & Oshkosh Plank Road 
 Company. In July of the same year, $200 were issued to the Mayville branch of the Waupun, 
 Fond du Lac it Forest Road. August 12 of the same year, $3,000 were issued to the Green 
 Bay & Taycheedah Plank Road Company. This makes a total of $24,900. In 1864, $3,075 
 were issued in bonds for unpaid interest on the above-enumerated plank-road bonds ; total, 
 $27,975 in plank-road bonds. In return for these bonds, the city received the capital stock, at 
 par, of the various plank roads. 
 
 The City Council, on May 21. 1855, voted $200,000 of aid to the Chicago, St. Paul & 
 Fond du Lac Railroad Company (Chicago & North-Western), at 7 per cent interest, payable 
 semi-annually at the E.xchange Bank of New York. May 1, 1856, the city voted to subscribe 
 $150,000 to the capital stock of the same company, and issue bonds therefor at 8 per cent 
 interest, payable semi-annually. This second issue was on condition that $100,000 of the first 
 issue be surrendered by the railway company. This was done, and the bonds burned by a com- 
 mittee appointed by the Council. 
 
 On March 4, 1864, these two issues, with the due and unpaid interest upon them, were paid 
 by issuing $103,500 of new bonds at 6 per cent interest, due in 1884, and called " com- 
 promise bonds." 
 
 On the 1st of March, 1863, there were issued $12,000 of bonds, at 8 per cent interest, 
 for the construction of the High-School building, due March 1, 1873. In 1871, the city issued 
 $75,000 of 8 per cent bonds, interest payable semi-annually, to aid in the construction of the 
 North-Western Union, or Air Line Railway. These are due in ten annual installments, begin- 
 ning with 1881. In 1876, the city guaranteed the interest at 8 per cent for ten years, on 
 $200,000 of the Fond du Lac, Amboy & Peoria Railway bonds ; but these were destroyed by 
 mutual agreement in 1879. Thus the city has issued to railroads, plank road, schoolhouses and 
 to compromise old bonds, $568,475 in bonds. Of this amount there are outstanding $90,000 of 
 the compromise bonds, due in 1884 with 6 per cent interest, and $75,000 of the Air Line bonds 
 due in ten equal installments, beginning with 1881. 
 
 PUBLIC HALLS. 
 
 The First Hall. — The first public hall of any consequence was in Darling's Block, erected 
 where it now stands, corner of Maine and First streets, in 1847. The third floor is still used 
 by various secret societies, but it has not been a public hall for a good many years. Before Dar- 
 ling's Hall was built, the schoolhouse on Main street, between Second and Third, was, in addi- 
 tion to being a court house and church, used as a public hall. 
 
 Amory Hall. — By far the largest and finest hall in Fond du Lac, is in Amory's brick and 
 stone Block on Main, at the head of Sheboygan street, erected in 1857. It is 66x80 feet on 
 the inside, 25 feet high and capable of seating 1,500 persons. The architect was Thomas H. 
 Green. When this hall was finished it was the largest and finest in Wisconsin, and the decor- 
 ative work still makes a costly appearance. In addition to double doors opening outward, for 
 more complete .safety in case of fire during an entertainment, a " fire-escape " was added on the 
 south side in 1877. The hall was built and is now owned by S. B. Amory. It is estimated 
 that from 1858 to 1880 1,500,000 people have been accommodated in Amory Hall, at a cost to 
 them of $250,000. During 1879 and 1880 the hall has been rented by Swift &, Arnold. 
 
 Opera Hall. — In 1865, a brick block was erected at the head of Forest, on Main street, by 
 Charles Johnson, and the second and third stories fitted e.vpressly for a public hall. It is cen- 
 trally located, and only one story from the ground, but is not capable of seating so large a 
 
. HISTORY OF FOND DU LAG COUNTY. 603 
 
 gathering as Amory Hall. During several years after 1873, the name was changed to Neocos- 
 mian Hall, being rented and controlled by the Neocosmian Society. The old name of Opera 
 Hall was resumed after that society died. The building is now owned by A. G. Ruggles, Mrs. 
 M. H. Galloway and J. P. Bonesteel. It will seat 800 persons. 
 
 Other Public Halls. — Music Hall, built and owned by the Amorys, situated on the corner 
 of Main and Division streets, is now used mostly for balls, masquerades and other entertain- 
 ments of, that nature. 
 
 In the brick block on the corner of Fourth and Main streets, B. F. Moore owns a hall 
 which has been used as a military headquarters, by the South-side Turners, and as a place for 
 dancing. 
 
 J. R. Colman has a hall over his store on Western avenue ; Smith & Ailing have a splen- 
 did hall in the third story of their block on Main street; there is a large hall in John Reinig's 
 Block on Main street, near the Patty House, and Miller's Hall, in " Lower Town," on Scott street. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Fond du Lac House {No. 1). — The first hotel ever opened in the city or county of Fond 
 du Lac was built by the Fond du Lac Company in 1836, at a cost of $500 for furniture and all, 
 and opened in June of that year by Colwert Pier. It was of logs, and is elsewhere described. 
 
 Fond du Lac House {No. 3). — In 1838, Dr. M. C. Darling erected a log house on the 
 corner of Main and First streets, and opened it as a hotel under the name, also, of the " Fond 
 du Lac House." It was a temperance house. About 1840, having erected a dwelling-house, 
 and moved into-it, Mr. Darling had Thomas Green come from Green Bay, and '' keep tavern " 
 in his Main street building. 
 
 Exchange Hotel. — Soon after Dr. Darling arrived in the settlement, in 1838, he sent for 
 Theodore Hebert, a French blacksmith, agreeing to give him three-quarters of an acre of land, 
 if he would come and permanently locate. Mr. Herbert came and built a log blacksmith-shop 
 and residence where the Opera Hall now stands, at the head of Forest street. He, or rather 
 his wife, who is yet a resident of the city, began to entertain such travelers as would not stop at 
 a temperance house. Mr. Hebert had always on tap a barrel of the best whisky, and Mrs. 
 Hebert sold the first liquor by the glass ever sold in the county of Fond du Lac, although at 
 that time all the settlers kept whisky for the purpose of trading with the Indians. In a few 
 months, Mrs. Hebert's custom grew to such proportions that her husband left his blacksmith- 
 ing, and built a ft-ame addition to the house. In 18-47, Mr. and Mrs. Hebert had accumulated 
 sufBcient means to build a new hotel, which they called the Exchange Hotel. It was three 
 stories high, and by far the largest structure in the city, and earned for its builders such epithets 
 as " fools " and " bullheads." But it was a success. It was afterward moved down Main street 
 to where it now stands. It is owned by W. H. Wells, and leased for hotel purposes by George 
 Q. Campbell, as the " City Hotel," although the old lettering of " Exchange Hotel " is not yet 
 defaced. Mrs. Hebert, who had nearly as much to do with the building and management of the 
 " Exchange " as her husband, is a resident of Fond du Lac, in good health, and still keeping a 
 boarding-house. 
 
 Temperance Cottage. — In the spring of 1846, John J. Driggs, now deceased, built and 
 opened as a hotel a small building on the corner of Main and Court streets, where the American 
 House now stands. Its name was Temperance Cottage, but the bloods of the village dubbed it 
 " Dish-water Castle," because no liquor was sold on the premises. After the " Badger 
 House " was opened in the fall of 1846, across the Court House Square, there sprung up a lively 
 competition between the two hotels. In 1848, the Cottage was enlarged by an addition 21x54 
 feet, and otherwise improved. Some time afterward, it fell into the hands of H. P. Olds, Avho 
 changed the name to the Globe Hotel. When Henry Shattuck built the first American House 
 in 1861, he used a portion of what was the old Temperance Cottage. 
 
 Badger House. — This was a popular and fashionable hotel in an early day. It was built 
 l)y Theodore Conkey in 1846, on the corner of Western avenue and Main street, and was opened 
 
604 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 November 18, 1846, by J. C. Lewis and R. L. Morris. In 1848, it was leased to Quartus 
 Olcott, and, iji 1849, was sold to E. M. and M. M. Simmons. Finally, the business portion of 
 the city becoming established farther north, the " Badger " was moved away. A portion of it now 
 stands on Linden street. 
 
 Lewis House. — The original Lewis House was built by Robert Wyatt in 1848, on the 
 corner of Fourth and Ellis streets. Fourth street was then called the " Sheboygan road." This 
 hotel Mr. Wyatt called "The Eagle," and for a sign was hoisted a very large wooden eagle, 
 made by Henry Jens, which now serves as a sign at Lamartine. The building was 30x40, and 
 two stories high. In 1849, Mr. Wyatt moved " The Eagle " to the corner of Main and Sheboy- 
 gan streets, enlarged it to three and one-half stories, and rented it to J. C. Lewis. On October 
 1, 1850, James Ewen purchased the building and named it the Lewis House, after " Curt " 
 Lewis. In October, 1860, Mr. Ewen rented the property to B. S. Patty, and sold it to him 
 three years later. Mr. Patty was its manager and proprietor when it burned, in 1866. 
 
 In 1871, J. C. Lewis erected the present Lewis House on the east side of Main, below 
 Division street, and opened it as a hotel. He left it after the great fire at Chicago, in 1873. 
 It is now owned and managed by Stephen Oberreich, and is doing a thriving business. 
 
 American House. — The original American House — a portion of which is now located on 
 Seventh street, and used as a dwelling, the balance doing duty in the rear of the present American 
 House — was a three-story wooden building, built by Henry Shattuck in the fall of 1861, on the 
 corner of Main and Court streets, at a cost of $4,000. It contained forty-five bedrooms, dining- 
 room, oflSce and kitchen. Mr. Shattuck left the Exchange Hotel, which he had managed two years, 
 in January, and opened business in his own building. The American House was a success at 
 once, and remained so until 1875, when the budding now occupying the same site was built. 
 The new building is of the best cream-colored brick, four stories high, including basement, and 
 is elegantly appointed for a public house. It fronts ninety feet on Main street, and, when the 
 west wing is completed, will front ninety feet on Court street. The large office and reading- 
 room and the dining-room are on the ground floor, and as pleasant as those of any other public 
 house in the State. The grand opening ball, by which the new American House was dedicated, 
 occurred September 27, 1875, and was a liberally attended and brilliant affair. The building, 
 which was designed by H. P. Thompson, of Fond du Lac, is one of the noticeable features of 
 the city. Henry Shattuck is its owner and manager. 
 
 Patty House. — The largest and costliest hotel in Fond du Lac is the Patty House. It was 
 built on the old Lewis House site, corner of Main and Sheboygan streets, in 1867, by B. S. 
 Patty. It was constructed of brick and "Taycheedah marble," which is a creamy-white lime- 
 stone, and fronts eighty feet on Main, and 140 feet on Sheboygan street ; is four stories high, 
 and cost about $65,000. It is the most noticeable building in Fond du Lac, and the largest 
 hotel in the State outside of Milwaukee, containing 105 rooms, all of them laro;e and high. The 
 Patty House was opened to the public May 9, 1868, and dedicated by a grand ball June 9 of 
 the same year. This opening ball was an elaborate affair, for which 1,400 tickets at $5 each 
 were sold. In January, 1871, B. S. Patty died. His sons, J. W. and Gr. R. Patty, managed 
 its aft'airs until May 8, 1871, when Byron Town leased it for a term of five years. He remained 
 three years and a half doing a large and profitable business, after which the Patty brothers again 
 took possession. A recent writer gives this description of the Patty House: 
 
 " The Patty House is the architectural pride of Fond du Lac. It stands on a prominent 
 corner of the commercial center of the city. Its 220 feet of solid marble frontage on two streets 
 point it out as an evidence of the prosperity of the city which it adorns. Designed by a lead- 
 ing New York architect, who had made hotels a study, and erected under his supervision at an 
 outlay of $65,000, it will ever remain a monument to the memory of its enterprising projector." 
 
 National Hotel. — The National Hotel is a handsome, two-story brick structure, built by 
 Edmund N. Korrer in 1866 and 1872, on the corner of West Division and Brooke streets. It 
 has a frontage of ninety feet on Division, and sixty feet on Brooke street. It was opened in 
 1872, by Mrs. Bessie Riley, who is the present lessee. It is a pleasant and neatly kept hotel,, 
 and, being near the depot, has a good trade. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 605 
 
 First National Hotel. — In 1872, M. Van Dresar purchased the large wooden building then 
 located on the corner of Forest and Main streets, and used by the First National Bank, whence 
 it took its name, and moved the structure bodily to the corner of Fourth and Marr streets. The 
 inside was remodeled, and the building opened as the " First National Hotel." Prices were put 
 down one-half; large sheds for horses and stock were erected — the first ever built for such a 
 purpose in the city — and the business was pushed in the direction of the farmers and laboring 
 people. It was the greatest success of the time as a hotel, where good lodgings and plenty of 
 wholesome food could be had at cheap rates, and cleared $6,000 the first thirteen months after 
 it was opened. It is now leased by Mr. Van Dresar to the Dockstader brothers, who manage it 
 on the plan first adopted by him. and with good success. 
 
 Other Hotels. — The "Washington House," coi-ner of Main and Fifth streets, by Martin 
 Franey, is a large hotel, patronized largely by fiirmers. 
 
 The " Serwe House," by C. Serwe, on Main street, is a three-story, wooden building, 
 which has served as a hotel during a long term of years. It is a popular hostelry with the 
 German travelers and farmers, and has a large patronage. 
 
 Joseph Kaiser's "Fountain City Hotel," on Main street, just north of Division, is one of 
 the popular German hotels of Fond du Lac. It is three stories high, of wood, and has its full 
 share of patronage. Besides these, there are the following: The "European Hotel," on West 
 Division street, kept by John C. Kennealy ; the "Wisconsin House," on Main street; the 
 " Central Hotel," by W. Korrer, at the foot of Main street ; the " Milwaukee House," on Fourth 
 street, by Julius Nast ; "Brown's Hotel," corner of Scott and Juneau streets, W. Comstock, 
 proprietor ; " Gilbert House," at 373 Main street, by Adam Weikert ; and " Temperance Hotel," 
 corner of Waupun and Johnson streets, P. Scheff, proprietor. 
 
 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES. 
 
 Home for the Friendless. — The Home for the Friendless, with its ample grounds and large, 
 comfortable building, is an outgrowth and the exclusive property of tlie Fond du Lac Relief 
 Society, which was organized by the ladies of Fond du Lac, during the gi'eat Sres in Northern 
 Michigan and Wisconsin. Mrs. Julia Tallmadge Ruggles was the leading spirit in organizing 
 the Relief Society. She was also mainly instrumental in securing a charter for the society, 
 enabling it to hold property, and in raising money to purchase the building now owned and 
 occupied as the "Home." Her original idea was to have an industrial school connected with the 
 Home, so that needy people might be provided with employment at fair wages. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Fenimore Beall, until her death in 1879, was also an earnest worker in the 
 Relief Society. The first annual report of the Society was in April, 1875. It contained the 
 original articles of nssociation, as required by chapter 146, laws of 1872, showing that the fol- 
 lowing ladies were the founders of the Society: Mrs. Elizabeth F. Beall, Mary W. Stow, E. 
 B. Tallmadge, Mary T. Hamilton, Susan A. Perry, Mary Branshaw, E. A. Walker, Julia T. 
 Ruggles, C. L. Spears, C. F. Townsend, E. A. Hurd, Mary L. Hiner and E. P. Lusk. A 
 large number of other ladies afterward became members, the life membership fee being $25. 
 
 In 1876, the State made an appropriation of $300, and until 1879, the county set aside 
 $300 annually for the Home. At its session in that year the County Board refused to make an 
 appropriation. Mrs. William B. Brand, at her death in 1878, bequeathed some real estate and 
 $200 in c;ish to the Home, and the citizens of Fond du Lac have given liberally to its support. 
 George W. Peck delivered a lecture for the benefit of the Home, and various fairs, concerts, 
 dramas and other entertainments have been given to replenish its treasury. These have always 
 been liberally patronized. 
 
 The building occupied as the Home for the Friendless is situated on the corner of Amory 
 and Arndt streets, and was purchased by the Fond du Lac Relief Society August 30, 1873, of R. 
 M. Lewis, for $2,500. It is commodious and well arranged for the use to which it has been put, 
 and is surrounded by a finely shaded yard and large garden. The Home is the only non-secta- 
 rian benevolent institution in the city, and has accomplished great good, extending aid to 
 
606 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 persons of all ages and shades of religious opinion. The different Presidents have been, Mrs. 
 E. F. Beall, Mrs. B. F. Patty, Mrs. W. H. Hiner, Mrs. J. F. Aldrich and Mrs. J. R. Smith. 
 Secretaries — Mrs. C. \V. Seaver, Mrs. J. F. Aldrich, Mrs. J. R. Smith, Mrs. M. E. Deveraux. 
 Treasurers— Mrs. W. H. Hiner, Mrs. C. K. Pier, Mrs. Dr. Walker, Mrs. J. R. Smith. 
 
 St. Joseph's Convent of Mercy and Orphan Asylum. — In January, 1876, the Sisters of 
 Mercy purchased the S. E. Lefferts place, on East Second street, for $4,500, and converted it 
 into a convent and asylum. In each of the years, 1876, 1877 and 1878, the county voted 
 $300 aid to the Sisters. With this, and the personal means belonging to each, the building 
 was raised another story, fences were built and other improvcnents made. At the same time 
 the debt for purchase money was reduced to $1,127. Sister Mary Agnes is the Mother Super- 
 ior, in whom rests the title to all property. She has sixteen associates. There are twenty-four 
 orphan children now being clothed, fed an 1 educated at the asylum. They are taught whatever 
 trade they seem best adapted to follow. Thirty have found good homes through these Sisters, 
 and others been put in a way to earn their own livelihood. In addition to caring for orphans, 
 the Sisters visit and aid the poor everywhere, and take in and care for distressed women of good 
 character. They have a commodious three-story building, well furnished; a good schoolroom 
 and a neatly arranged dormitory for the children. The amount of good they quietly and 
 secretly do is incalculable. By donations of the charitable and their own industry, the Sisters 
 are constantly enlarging their field of usefulness. They are, of course, Catholic. 
 
 St. Agnes' Convent. — One of the largest and finest buildings in Fond ilu Lac is St. Agnes' 
 Convent on East Division street. In August, 1871, a band of St. Agnes' Sisters came to Fond 
 du Lac and purchased a house and several lots on East Division street. Three years later, they 
 built anotlier house of brick, and in 1877, erected the present structure. It is of brick and 
 stone, with stone roof 120.x48 feet, and four stories in height, with basement. Its cost was 
 $20,000. Preparations are constantly making for the construction of other buildings, to which 
 the present large structure will be only one wing. This Convent is the head of all others in Wis- 
 consin, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Texas, Kansas, Michigan, Illinois and Indiana. Sister Mary 
 Agnes, the Mother Superior, is Superior General over all those States. There arc 120 Sisters 
 belonging to this Convent, who are teaching in various localities, whence the means necessary to 
 carry forward such an extensive work are derived. In this Convent are twenty-two orphans 
 who are clothed, fed and taught in all branches of learning and industry. The needle and 
 fancy decorative work turned out is remarkable in design, beauty and quantity. Everything 
 in the Convent betokens system, culture, genius and comfort. Pictures and plants are in all 
 the rooms, in which also dwell courteousness, cleanliness and cheerfulness. All the Sisters are 
 Catholics, and their work is a branch of the Catholic Church work. 
 
 Workitigmen s Association. — This society, which is composed of Germans and was organ- 
 ized for benevolent purposes, meets every Friday night in the Bischoff Block, on Main street. 
 In has been in existence since 1876. Its By-Laws provide that, in case of the sickness of any 
 member, he shall receive $3 per week benefit during such sickness, and, in case of death, each 
 member shall pay $1 to his fiimily. If the wife of a member dies, this assessment is 50 cents 
 each ; and if a child dies, 25 cents each. The officers are Peter Pehl, President ; Herman 
 Walter, Secretary, and John Luhn, Treasurer. 
 
 La Belle Wagon Works Mutual Benefit Association. — This benevolent society is com- 
 posed of the men connected with the La Belle Wagon Works, and was organized June 4, 1878, 
 with B. F. Moore, President; C. H. Moore, Vice President; S. P. Morse, Secretary; A. L. 
 Moore, Treasurer. The Association has two classes of mutual insurance. The one requires 
 each member to pay 50 cents per month into the treasury, and, in case of injury, he will 
 receive $7 per week benefit during his disability. The other requires each member to pay one- 
 half as much per month, and the benefits are one-half smaller. The Association numbers 
 fifty, with the original officers in charge. 
 
 »S';. Michael's Society. — This is a German Catholic benevolent association, organized for 
 the mutual benefit of its members. It was formed in April, 1870, and is a branch of the 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DF LAC COUNTY. 607 
 
 German Catholic Central Society of the United States. In case of the sickness or disability 
 of any member, he is paid $3 per week from the benefit fund, and, in case of his death, $35 is 
 set aside for funeral expenses. In case of the death of a member's wife, $20 is set aside for 
 the same purpose. The Society, which has seventy-five members, meets in Reinig's Hall every 
 Tuesday evening. The officers are Fred Wagner, President ; Anton Born, Secretary, and 
 Michael Kaufman, Treasurer. It is a strong and prosperous organization. 
 
 Concordia Beyievolent Society. — This Society, which exists for the purpose of affording aid 
 to its members and their families, was organized February 10, 1866. The Society pays $1 per 
 week to any member in case of and during sickness, and, at liis death, the funeral expenses. It 
 is composed entirely of Germans, has about fifty members, and holds its meetings, on the first 
 Wednesday of each month, in J. & C. Frey's block, on Main street. The officers are Peter 
 Pehl, President; Casper Schleiden, Secretary, and John Hirsch, Treasurer. The Society has 
 a large surplus in the treasury. 
 
 St. Patrick's Benevolent Society. — This Society, formed for purely benevolent purposes, 
 was organized April 20, 1869, by the election of John W. Gill, President. It has been contin- 
 uously engaged in acts of benevolence since that time, holding monthly meetings in Welch's 
 Hall," on Main street. John W. Gill has been President five times— in 1869, 1871, 1873, 1877 
 and 1879; Maurice McKenna in 1872 and 1874; Thomas McCrory, 1876; Maurice Fitzsim- 
 mons, 1875 ; A. A. Kelley, 1878. 
 
 St. Joseph's Benevolent Association. — This society, formed purely for benevolent purposes, 
 was organized March 4, 1866. The charter members were Joseph Serwe, Joseph Erman, 
 Joseph Hetwere, Andrew Hetwere, J. H. Gores, John Dana, John Merz, Nicholas Jenner, 
 Anton Servatius, Peter Servatius, William Buchel, Jack Thellan, Peter Breister, G. Scherzin- 
 ger, Martin Lohmiller and Joseph StoUenwork. The first oflicers were : Joseph Serwe, Presi- 
 dent; A. Servatius, Vice President; John H. Gores, Secretary; Joseph Hetwere, Vice Secre- 
 tary ; Joseph Erman, Treasurer. The society pays $3 per week benefit to any member during 
 sickness, $150 to his heirs in case of death, §25 in case of the death of the wife of any 
 member, and furnishes nightly attendance during sickness. A person cannot join the Associa- 
 tion unless he is of good character, between the ages of sixteen and fifty years, in good health, 
 and a member of the Catholic Church. The initiation fee is $3 for persons from sixteen to 
 twenty-five years of age, $4 from twenty-five to thirty-five, $5 from thirty-five to forty-five, and 
 $6 from forty-five to fifty ; monthly dues, 25 cents. The society now has a membership of 
 sixty-five, with $1,500 in the treasury. The officers are: John Peter Stephani, President; 
 B. Serwe, Vice President; C. Serwe, Treasurer; C. Schmidt, Secretary; John Ditter, Vice 
 Secretary. The society meets on the first Sunday of every month, over the German-American 
 Savings Bank. 
 
 Firemen 8 Benevolent Association. — This Association, organized for purely benevolent 
 purposes, for members of the Fire Department only, was formed October 18, 1876, and incor- 
 porated by act of Legislature March 7, 1877. Its officers were : A. B. Taylor, President ; 
 George W. Casey, Vice President; Charles W. Green, Secretary; L. F. Stowe, Treasurer. 
 Directors — Fire Company No. 1, C. M. Bowen, J. C. Kennealy ; Fire Company No. 3, George 
 W. Crosby, Henry Rosenow ; Fire Company No. 5, William H. Hurley, Ferd. J." Martin ; Hook 
 and Ladder Company No. 1, Henry Dirkes, .John Strause. The Association received from the 
 insurance agents of the city a tax of 2 per cent on all premiums received upon fire policies, and 
 also, regularly, a stated sum from all members. In case of sickness or injury, any member 
 received $3 per week, and $50 for funeral expenses in case of death. Aid was also given to 
 the families of firemen at the option of the officers of the Association. This organization, which 
 was always strong, financially, went out of existence after the city organized the paid Fire 
 Department, in 1878. A new association was organized immediately thereafter, but the 2 per 
 cent tax on the insurance agents was diverted to the city treasury. The new Association has 
 the following officers ; President, George P. Dana; Vice President, Henry Rosenow ; Secretary, 
 Louis A. Lange ; Treasurer, Herman Rupp. 
 
608 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 LITERARY AND OTHER SOCIETIES. 
 
 Young Mens Association.. — A meeting of some of the leading citizens of Fond du 
 Lac was held in Gillet & Conklin's law office November 21, 1863, " for the purpose 
 of forming a literary and library association." B. F. Moore was President, and H. P. 
 Brown, Secretary, of the meeting. Gen. C. S. Hamilton, now of Milwaukee, paid the required 
 fee and became the first member. It was decided to adopt for government the Constitution and 
 By-Laws, with slight modification, of the Young Men's Association of Milwaukee, which was 
 done. After the Constitution was adopted, the first election of officers under it resulted as fol- 
 lows: President, William H. Hiner; Vice President, C. S. Hamilton; Secretary, H. P. 
 Brown ; Treasurer, James B. Perry ; Directors — J. M. Gillet, Rev. H. M. Robertson, B. F. 
 Moore, E. L. Griffin, James Coleman. Any person could become a life member upon the pay- 
 ment of $2-5. With the proceeds of the sale of life memberships the first books were pur- 
 chased. 
 
 As soon as in working order, the Association set about securing a course of lect- 
 ures. This was the first regular lecture course ever inaugurated in the city, and consisted of 
 lectures by Charles D. Robinson, of the Green Bay Advocate; Judge Arthur McArthur, of 
 Milwaukee, now of Washington ; Dr. 0. H. Tiffany, now of New York ; Edward G. Ryan, 
 now Chief Justice of Wisconsin; Prof J. D. Butler; Rev. E. Nisbet, of Fond du Lac, and 
 Rev. C. D. Helmer. Dr. Tiffany received the highest fee, $-50, and Edward G. Ryan, whose 
 lecture was highly praised, received the smallest, $10. 
 
 In May, 1864, a library room was secured in H. P. Brown's wooden building, since 
 burned, on the corner of Main and Forest streets. George P. Knowles was elected Librarian, 
 and $22.5 voted to be used in the purchase of books, which was expended by A. M. Blair. The 
 Association continued to increase in membership, enlarge its library and strengthen its financial 
 condition, furnishing a course of lectures, at moderate figures, each season, until 1869, when 
 the expenditures began to exceed the receipts, and the members found their organization in 
 debt $220. In December, a meeting was held to make arrangements to consolidate with the 
 Young Men's Christian Association. This fell through, and Dana C. Lamb moved that the 
 Trustees secure $220 upon a mortgage on the property of the Association, or secure the cred- 
 itors by such mortgage. E. H. Galloway advanced the money, and secured himself by taking 
 a mortgage on the library. 
 
 In August, 1870, George W. Carter introduced a resolution to the effect that all officers 
 who could not or would not attend to their duties had better resign. This renewed the energy 
 of the slow ones for a time. Mr. Galloway's mortgage was paid, with interest, on the 1st of 
 December, 1870. 
 
 May 9, 1871, the Association again found itself in debt, after settling for the lecture of 
 M. Du Chaillu, to the extent of $42.68. The lecture course of the following seasons did not 
 wipe it out, and,' February 11, 1873, a committee was appointed to see how the increasing 
 indebtedness could be paid, and, February 22, the Secretary was instructed to close the library 
 and box up the books. The debt was then $125. In 1874, Ann Eliza Young was secured for 
 a lecture, but the receipts did not pay the debts of the Association, and George H. Francis, the 
 Librarian, was compelled to collect bills for arrearages of dues for his pay, and to accept for his 
 payment in full whatever he could collect. In May, 1876, a resolution was adopted instructing 
 the officers to turn the books and property over to the city, provided the city would establish 
 and maintain a free reading-room and public library. 
 
 The last meeting of the Directors was held February 27, 1877, when all the books, num- 
 bering 1,500 volumes, and other property, were formally delivered to the city, the vote on main- 
 taining a public library having been favorable. Thus the foundation of the present public 
 library was laid by the Young Men's Association, which existed fourteen years ; furnished 
 the first course of lectures, opened the first library in the city, and went out of existence 
 in debt. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 609 
 
 The last President was N. S. Gilson, and the last Secretary, J. F. Ware. The records 
 are not all extant, but the following is a list of the life members of the Association : C. S. 
 Hamilton, S. B. Aniory, A. M. Blair, William H. Hiner, I. K. Hamilton, Woodman C. Ham- 
 ilton, Edwin H. Galloway, James Ewen, Robert Flint, Charles A. Eldredge, Hiram K. Laugh- 
 lin, Robert A. Baker, John Sewell, B. S. Patty, B: F. Moore, John S. McDonald, C. J. Petti- 
 bone, Allan Carswell, James M. Gillet, Edward Pier, William B. Brand. 
 
 American Red Ribbon Association. — In February, 1879, Dr. McCollister came to Fond 
 du Lac and began a series of temperance meetings, first in Amory Hall and later in Opera 
 Hall, the Free Baptist Church, on the corner of Marr and Second streets, and the Unitarian 
 Church, on Division street. These continued, with varying success, until May, when he left, 
 and the meetings were continued by local managers. May 29, a permanent organization was 
 perfected by the election of John S. McDonald, President; E. Delany, Jr., Vice President; 
 T. S. Nowell, S. P. Morse, Dr. D. B. Wyatt and Robert Wyatt, Directors ; Samuel H. Ham- 
 mond, Secretary; Robert Wyatt, Treasurer, and Rev. F. A. Marsh, Chaplain. 
 
 The purpose of the organization, as set forth in its Constitution, is to promote the cause of 
 temperance and sobriety by abstaining from the use of all intoxicating liquors. The members 
 are interested and active enough to meet three times each week — on Sunday evenings, for tem- 
 perance work and addresses ; on Tuesday evenings, for the transaction of business, and on Fri- 
 day evenings, for charades, music, recitations, socials and general entertainment. To these an 
 admission fee of 10 cents is charged, which all, whether members or not, must pay. All mem- 
 bers are also required to pay .5 cents per week for dues. At its organization the Association 
 contained 2,360. members, which number is steadily increasing, the present membership being 
 2,500. The meetings are held in the Unitarian Church, on Division street, which was remod- 
 eled for the use of the Association. The building has movable seats, an elegant, though small, stage, 
 and a wing in the rear for cooking and to be used preparing for sociables and other entertainments. 
 Some of the foremost and wealthiest citizens of Fond du Lac are active members, and the Asso- 
 ciation is in a flourishing condition. Besides paying a rental of $350 per annum for the church 
 and all other expenses, the organization has a surplus in the treasury. When this surplus is 
 sufficiently enlarged, it is the purpose of the Association to purchase the building it now i-ents. 
 S. H. Hammond was succeeded in January, 1880, by Mrs. C. H. De Groat. 
 
 Neocosmian Society. — This literary association was organized in the Congregational 
 Church parlors Wednesday, January 17, 1872, by the election of Dr. D. B. Wyatt as Presi- 
 dent ; Miss F. C. Mihills, Vice President, and Si G. Leland, Secretary. A Constitution and 
 By-Laws proposed by D. B. Wyatt and N. S. Gilson, were adopted, and the business of fur- 
 nishing entertainments began at once. The membership began from the start to increase rap- 
 idly, and in three years had reached 450. The Society rented Opera Hall at §500 per year, 
 changing its name to Neocosmian Hall. Its fixtures and stage property were overhauled and 
 embellished ; a paper called the Neocosmian was issued, and the Society became a power, 
 furnishing a lecture course every winter, and scores of fine entertainments during other portions 
 of the year. On the 23d of March, 1874, the Society opened a free reading-room in the 
 Sewell Block, next to the First National Bank. The library was accessible to all who paid 25 
 cents per quarter for the use of books. In 1875, the Society, owing to the very large rent paid 
 for the hall, other large expenses and the loss of $100, which was collected for, but never 
 realized by, the Society, found itself in debt to the extent of .$600. This was mostly for hall 
 rent, and the proprietors, Oberreich & Bonesteel, becoming anxious lest it should not be paid, 
 sued the officers and Directors of the Society. This added to the already burdensome debt, 
 but it was all paid promptly by subscription. This subscription paper is worthy of preserva- 
 tion, as it demonstrated the great liberality of several of the citizens of Fond du Lac. In 
 1876, the Society began to weaken very materially, and its officers were instructed by resolution 
 to join with the Young Men's Association, which was likewise in debt and near its end, in 
 making a proposition to the city to take the books of both societies and establish a free public 
 library, as provided for by law. The proposition was accepted, and, in the spring of 1877, 
 
610 HISTORY OF FOND DIT LAC COUNTY. 
 
 the books, nearly nine hundred volumes, were turned over to the Public Library, and the 
 furniture sold for $57 to the city for the use of the library. The Neocosmian Society was the 
 most active and enterprising of any ever organized in Fond du Lac, and furnished a greater 
 variety of entertainments. The first President and Secretary were D. B. Wyatt and S. G. 
 Leland ; second, J. W. Bass and George W. Todd ; third, George W. Todd and John D. 
 Wyatt ; fourth, George W. Todd and Dr. E. Mitchell ; fifth, C. E. Shepard and Mrs. E. H. 
 Jones ; sixth, J. W. Bas? and C. E. Dailey ; seventh, J. F. Ware and W. F. Boland ; eighth, 
 C. H. De Groat and W. F. Boland ; ninth, H. R. Farnum and AV. F. Boland ; tenth, eleventh 
 and twelfth, George E. Sutherland and John D. Wyatt ; thirteenth, E. S. Curran and John E. 
 Kent ; fourteenth, George W. Todd and J. E. Kent ; fifteenth, C. D. Otis and J. E. Kent ; 
 sixteenth, 0. T. Williams and John E. Kent, who surrendered to the Public Library. 
 
 Erina Dramatic Society. — This Society, which devoted itself entirely to the preparation 
 and presentation of dramas and comedies, was organized August 1, 1875, and (*)nsisted then of 
 L. F. Haas, P. H. Hannigan, A. A. Kelley, W. F. Boland, D. W. McKenna, Harry Shafer, 
 T. C. Doheny, L. Pellitier, William Cahill, William Bischoff, Mrs. M. Haas, Miss Ella Roach 
 and Mary Burke. L. F. Haas was Manager ; P. H. Hannigan, Secretary; Mrs. Maggie 
 Haas, Treasurer, and Henry Shafer, an actor of the early times with Langrishe & Atwater, 
 stage manager. August 30, 1875, the company put " Ireland as It Is " upon the stage, and 
 cleared $200 for the benefit of St. Joseph's Church. For the benefit of the same church, they 
 played " Robert Emmet " to a crowded house, November 17, 1875. After playing in Fond du 
 Lac, the company put this piece and others on the stage in adjoining cities and villages. 
 Various and very difficult plays have been presented to the public by them in creditable style. 
 The leading characters are taken by P. Hannigan, William Bischofi", Mrs. Maggie Haas, Miss 
 Julia Mullen and A. A. Kelley. The proceeds of all entertainments always go for charitable 
 purposes. The manner in which " Con the Shaughraun " was rendered by this company could 
 be equaled by few professional troupes. In May, 1876, the members presented to the late Mr. 
 G. I. Burrows, the veteran janitor of Amory Hall, a handsome silver cup, for kindnesses 
 rendered. 
 
 Turnverein Fond du Lac. — -This is one of the oldest Turner societies in Wisconsin. 
 Under the name of the Socialer Turnvei-ein, it was organized April 18, 1855, with twenty 
 members, all Germans. The first oflScers were : President, Louis Goldstucker ; Secretary, 
 Charles A. Handt ; Treasurer, Casper Buechner ; Teachers, Thomas Boebel and A. Vogt. 
 The first meetings were held in J. & C. Frey's bi-ewery building, corner of Macy and Division 
 streets. The first ball and exhibition ever given was in September, 1855. In July, 1856, a 
 lot on Portland street was purchased of Mason C. Darling. The original building, now occu- 
 pied by the Turners, was purchased by them of the Plymouth branch of the Congregational 
 church, and moved from the corner of Macy and First streets in 1866. The land on which it 
 first stood belonged to the German and English Academy, from which the Turners had a lease. 
 The building is well equipped for balls, theatricals, masquerades and socials, having an orches- 
 tra, dressing-rooms and ample stage. The stage was added by erecting an addition to the 
 building in 1871, at which time a lot adjoining the Academy was purchased of Mrs. Caroline 
 Martin for $1,000, and the hall moved thereon. In 1874, the State Turnfest was held in Fond 
 du Lac, the visiting Turners being guests of the Fond du Lac society. A picnic was held in 
 Taylor's Grove, concert by Bach's Band in Amory Hall, and a ball at Turner Hall. The fes- 
 tivities lasted four days. In 1874, the society was incorporated as the Turnverein Fond du 
 Lac. At a meeting of the Turner delegates at Sheboygan in 1878, Fond du Lac was chosen 
 as the headquarters for the State, and the following officers were chosen : Grand President, R. 
 Katz ; Vice President, G. Burghardt ; Secretary, J, Thomsen ; Treasurer, L. Goldstucker. 
 Their terms were from September 1, 1878, to September 1, 1879. 
 
 Those of this society who went to Milwaukee to join the Turner volunteer company dur- 
 ing the rebellion were G. Binghardt, C. Schnell, L. Camtz, H. Rube, Aug. Hecker, F. Grassel. 
 A. Vogt and H. Feldrapp. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 611 
 
 The society has eighty members. As 1880 is the twenty-fifth anniversary of the organi- 
 zation, L. Goldstucker, the first President, was chosen to the same office. The society is pre- 
 paring for a grand anniversary celebration. 
 
 Young Mens Club. — This is an organization for mutual pleasure and improvement. It 
 was formed in October, 1874, with these charter members : Robert C. Baker, F. M. Dana, E. 
 A. Burn ton, W. L. Bishop, A. Tallmadge, F. L. Clark, E. E. Boyer, John Sewell, Jr., W. P. 
 Findeisen The first meeting was held October 4, 1874, when R. C. Baker was elected Presi- 
 dent ; F. M. Dana, Vice President ; E. A. Burnton, Secretary, and W. L. Bishop, Treasurer. 
 Meetings are held monthly in Smith & Alling's Block, where the Club has a room tastefully 
 furnished with books, papers and musical instruments. The officers for 1880 are : Frank B. 
 Hoskins, President ; Frank M. Dana, Secretary ; Ed S. Curran, Treasurer, and E. A. Burn- 
 ton, Director. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 
 On the 9th of October, 1876, the City Council received a joint proposition from the Young 
 Men's Association and the Neocosmian Society to donate to the city the libraries of these two 
 literary societies, provided the municipality would establish and maintain, as allowed by the law 
 of 1872, a Free Reading Room and Public Library. This law provides that villages and cities, 
 of not over fifty thousand inhabitants, may each year levy a tax of one mill on each dollar of the 
 taxable property of such village or city, for the establishment and maintenance of a free read- 
 ing room and public library, provided that the matter be submitted to a vote of the people 
 and be approved by a majority of them. The Council acted favorably upon the proposition, and 
 resolved to submit it to the vote of the city at the next general election, with the provision that 
 the amount of tax to be raised and set aside as a library fund should not exceed ^ of a mill on 
 the dollar of all taxable property. The election was held Tuesday, November 7, 1876, and 
 resulted in 1,258 votes being cast for establishing a Public Library and 151 against it. The 
 Council, at its meeting on December 4, after the election, directed the tax of J of a mill to be 
 levied, and appointed a Board of Directors for the Library, consisting of the following : S. S. 
 Bowers, N. C. Giffin, George Perkins, 0. T. Williams, Charles E. Shepard, George P. 
 Knowles, A. M. Blair, Elihu Colman and C. A. Hutchins. This board held its first meeting 
 in the Council-rooms December 8, 1876, and elected C. A. Hutchins, President ; N. C. Giffin, 
 Vice President, and Elihu Colman, Secretary. Directors for one, two and three years were chosen 
 by lot, C. A. Hutchins, N. C. Giffin and Elihu Colman being chosen for one year from July 1, 
 1877 ; George Perkins, 0. T. Williams and George P. Knowles for two years, and S. S. Bow- 
 ers, A. M. Blair and C. E. Shepard for three years from the same time. 
 
 January 5, 1877, Miss Augusta Ball was chosen Librarian, at a salary of $250 per annum, 
 with a bond, guaranteeing faithful performance of duty, of $500. February 3, 1877, John 
 Amory's proposition to rent the two rooms now occupied by the Library, in the second story of 
 454 Main street, at $125 per annum during five years, was accepted. The furniture used by 
 the Neocosmian Society was purchased at $57, other necessary fixtures were obtained at once, and 
 the Reading Room opened March 1, 1877. The Library was opened to the public April 5, and 
 consisted of 1,200 volumes of books, donated by the Neocosmian Society and the Young Men's 
 Association. These two societies donated to the city 1,559 volumes, but only 1,200 were found 
 available, the balance consisting of duplicates or unreturned books, which could not be deliv- 
 ered. The tax levied — 3-10 of a mill instead oi ^ of a mill — became available January 1, 
 1877, and $500 of the amount raised was used to purchase new books. The balance, nearly 
 $800, was used for furniture and running expenses. 
 
 At the first annual meeting held July 27, 1877, C. A. Hutchins was re-elected President ; 
 N. C. Giffin, Vice President ; Elihu Colman, Secretary, and Miss Augusta Ball, Librarian. 
 Her salary was fixed at $250, as before. At the second annual meeting of the Board of Direct- 
 ors, held August 9, 1878, C. A. Hutchins was re-elected President, George P. Knowles, Vice 
 President, and 0. T. Williams, Secretary. At the third annual meeting of the Board, held 
 
612 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 August 8, 1879, C. A. Hutchins was re-elected President, George P. Knowles, Vice President, 
 and Joseph W. Hiner, Secretary . 
 
 The Library now contains 3,500 volumes of standard works, and the Reading Room is 
 well supplied with magazines, weekly and daily newspapers, and the various other periodicals of 
 the day. The Library is free to all residents of the city, and its advantages may be enjoyed 
 by non-residents upon the payment of $2 per annum. The library and reading rooms are con- 
 nected by a high arch, thus throwing the two into a single apartment, 98x16 feet, facing Main 
 street on the east and Macy street on the west. Printed catalogues are sold to those desiring 
 them, and the institution is patronized liberally by all classes. New standard works are added 
 as fast as published, but the Library contains nothing frivolous or immoral. The sum raised by 
 taxation for 1877 was $1,128.98; for 1878, $1,638.52 ; for 1879, |1,621.62. The Library 
 has a small income also from the sale of catalogues. 
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 Fountain Lodge, No. 26, F. and A. M. — Fountain Lodge, No 26, Free and Accepted Ma- 
 sons, was organized under a ''dispensation" dated September 13, 1849, which was granted to 
 Mason C. Darling, George H. Beech, Arnold Friedman, N. Perry, George D. Ruggles, S. J. 
 Lusk, James Meyers and John C. Reeve. The organization was perfected September 28, 1849, 
 and the charter granted by the Grand Lodge, December 15 of the same year. The first 
 petitioners were E. W. Davis, still resident of Fond du Lac, and John Bannister. The first 
 members admitted (that is, those who had become Masons elsewhere) were 0. J. Soper, John 
 Petit and Rev. Joshua Sweet. 
 
 The officers consist of a Worshipful Master, Senior and Junior Wardens, Treasurer and 
 Secretary, elected by ballot ; and a Senior and Junior Deacon, two Stewards, Tiler, and an 
 Organist, appointed by the Worshipful Master. The meetings or "communications" are held 
 the first and third Thursday evenings of each month, in the fine Masonic Hall, in the third story 
 of the First National Bank block. This is the oldest Masonic Lodge in the city and county of 
 Fond du Lac. It is now composed of 131 members. Its elective officers from the date of its 
 organization to date are as follows : 
 
 For 1849— M. C. Darling, W. M.; George H. Beech, S. W.; Arnold Friedman, J. W.; 
 N. Perry, Treas.; George D. Ruggles, Sec. 1850— M. C. Darling, W. M.; George H. Beech, 
 S. W.; John Bannister, J. W.; E. W. Drury, Treas.; 0. B. Tyler, Sec. 1851— M. C. Dar- 
 ling, W. M.; O. B. Tyler, S. W.; H. B. Budlong, J. W.; W. H. Hiner, Sec. 1852— M. G. 
 Darling, W. M.; W. H. Hiner, S. W.; A. G. Ruggles, J. W.; J. L. Henry, Treas.; E. B. 
 Livingstone, Sec. 1853— W. H. Hiner, W. M.; 0. J. Soper, S. W.; E. W. Drury, J. W.; 
 J. L. Henry. Treas.; A. W. Paine, Sec. 1854— W. H. Iliner, W. M.: I. S. Sherwood, S. 
 W.; F. D.'McCarty, J. W.; M. C. Darling, Treas.; D. E. Wood, Sec. 1855—1. S. Sherwood, 
 W. M.; John BannLster, S. W.; 0. J. Soper, J. W.; J.L. Henry, Treas.; A. W. Paine, Sec. 
 1856— John Bannister, W. M'.; A. W. Paine, S. W.; A. S. Gregory, J. W.; George McWiU- 
 iaras, Treas.; C. F. Kalk, Sec. 1857— A. W. Paine, W. M.; D. E. Wood, S. W.; D. A. 
 Ward, J. W.; George McWilliams, Treas.; C. F. Kalk, Sec. 1858— W. H. Hiner, W. M.; D. A. 
 Ward, S. W.; T. S. Weeks, J. W.; George McWilliams, Treas.; J. B. Perry, Sec. 1859—0. 
 J. Soper, W. M.; T. S. Weeks, S. W.; D. C. Wright, J. W.; J. B. Perry, Treas.; A. H. 
 Boardman, Sec. 1860— W. H. Hiner, W. M.; D. C. Wright, S. W.; A. H. Boardnian, J. 
 W.; J. B. Perry, Treas.; J. V. McCall, Sec. 1861—1. S. Sherwood, W. M.; D. C. Wright, 
 S. W.; J. V. McCall, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; George W. Sawyer, Sec. 1862— W. H. 
 Hiner, W. M.; D. C. Wright, S. W.; J. V. McCall, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; J. H. Hay- 
 ford, Sec. 1863— D. C. Wright, W. M.; J. V. McCall, S. W.; K. A. Darling, J. W.; J. C. 
 Lowell, Treas.; J. S. Burrows, Sec. 1864— D. C. Wright, W. M.; J. V. McCall, S. W.; K. 
 A. Darling, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; J. C. Waterburv, Sec. 186.5— J. V. McCall, W. M.; 
 D. C. Leper, S. W.: I. K. Hamilton, J. W.; J. C. Lowell," Treas.; J. C. Waterbury, Sec. 1866 
 —I. K. Hamilton, W. M.; J. S. Burrows, S. W.; P. L. Morse, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; 
 
;4 
 
 r 
 
 \. 
 
 
 FI©N© m\i) lifAC 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 615 
 
 J. C. Waterbury, Sec. 1867—1. K. Hamilton, W. M.; N. C. Giffin, S. W.; 0. C. Steenberg, 
 J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; J. C. Waterbury, Sec. 1868— N. C. Giffin, W. M.; J. S. Bur- 
 rows, S. \V.; John Spence, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; J. C. Waterbury, Sec. 1869— J. S. 
 Burrows, W. M.; John Spence, S. W.; Samuel Smith, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; J. C. 
 Waterbury, Sec. 1870— N. C. Giffin, W. M.; John Spence, S. W.; W. C. Hamilton, J. W.; 
 J. C. Lowell, Treas.; J. C. Waterbury, Sec. 1871 — J. S. Burrows, W. M. ; Samuel Smith, 
 S. W.; D. Chamberlain, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; S. W. Townsend, Sec. 1872— J. S. 
 Burrows, W. M.; Samuel Smith, S. W.; C. W. Smith, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; S. W. 
 Townsend, Sec. 1873— J. S. Burrows, W. M.; Charles Marks, S. W.; W. M. Hawkins. J. 
 W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; S. W. Townsend, Sec. 1874— J. S. Burrows, W. M.; C. AV. Smith, 
 S. W.; Samuel Smith, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; S. W. Townsend, Sec. 1876— John 
 Spence, \V. M.; C. W. Smith, S. W.; S. H. Cheney, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; S. W. Town- 
 send, Sec. 1876— John Spence, W. M.; S. H. Cheney, S. W.; Samuel Smith, J. W.; J. C. 
 Lowell, Treas.: Thomas Bryant. Sec. 1877— S. H. Cheney, W. M.; C. W. Smith, S. W.; 
 R. Katz, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; S. W. Townsend, Sec. 1878-79— J. S. Burrows, W. M.: 
 C. W. Smith, S. W.; A. C. Burnham, J. W.; J. C. Lowell, Treas.; S. W. Townsend, Sec. 
 The charter members are all dead. 
 
 Fond du Lac Lodge, No. HO., F. and A. M. — For the organization of this Lodge, a 
 "dispensation" was granted August 21, 1862, to I. S. Sherwood, A. B. Taylor, H. A. Francis, 
 George McWilliams, C. F. Kalk, S. A. Dudley, D. Ladd, A. H. Boardman, Ed Farnsworth, J. B. 
 Perry, George W. Sawyer, Thomas S. Weeks, J. 0. Roorbach, A. G. Ruggles, D. R. Curran, 
 John Petit and George W. Jones. The Lodge was organized in due form, September 3, 1862, 
 and a charter granted June 10, 1863, by the Grand Lodge. The first petitioner was L. M. 
 Wyatt, and the first member admitted was A. M. Blair. The regular meetings or "communi- 
 cations" of this Lodge are on the second and fourth Thursday evenings of each month, in the 
 Masonic Hall, third floor of the First National Bank building. The number of members is 
 now eighty-six, and the officers, from its organization to date, have been : 
 
 For 1862— A. H. Boardman, W. M.; Thomas S. Weeks, S. W.; J. B. Perry, J. W.; 
 George McWilliams, Treas.; G. W. Sawyer, Sec. 1863- A. H. Boardman, AV. M.; Thomas 
 S. Weeks, S. W.; J. B. Perrv, J. W.; I.'S. Sherwood, Treas.; L. M. Wyatt, Sec. 1864— 
 
 A. M. Blair, W. M.; B. F. Moore, S. W.; Edward Bceson, J. W.; I. S. Sherwood, Treas.; J. 
 
 B. Perry, Sec. 1865— D. C. Lamb, W. M.; B. F. Moore, S. AV.; S. Oberreich, J. AV.; 
 Edward Beeson, Treas.; C. L. Enking, Sec. 1866— D. C. Lamb, AV. M.; A. P. Mapes, S. 
 AV.; George P. Knowles. J. AV.; AVilliam Rueping, Treas.; M. W. Simmons, Sec. 1867— D. 
 
 C. Lamb, AA''. M.; George P. Knowles, S. AV.; C. L. Encking, J. W.; AVilliam Rueping, Treas.; F. 
 A. Hoffman, Sec. 1868— George P. Knowles, AA^ M.; A. L. Hall, S. AV.; W. F. Lewis, J. AV.; 
 William Rueping, Treas.; F. D. Carson, Sec. 1869— D. C. Lamb, AV. M.; George P. Knowles, 
 S. AV.; C. L. Encking, J. W.; AVilliam Rueping, Treas.; F. A. Hoffman, Sec. 1870— George 
 P. Knowles, AV. M.; A. A. Shepherd, S. AV.; J. E. Hilts, J. AV.; AVilliam Rueping, Treas.; 
 L. D. Hurd, Sec. 1871— A. A. Shepherd, AV. M.; E. G. Main, S. AV.; H. Sherer, J. AV.; 
 AVilliam Rueping, Treas.; C. S. Patton, Sec. 1872— A. A. Shepherd, W. M.; H. Sherer, 
 S. W.; AA^illiam Stearns, J. AA^; AVilliam Rueping, Treas.: I. N. AA'elch, Sec. 1873— A. M. 
 Blair, AV. M.; E. G. Main, S. AV.; M. AA^igner, J. AV.; AVilliam Rueping, Treas.; L. R. Lewis, 
 Sec. 1874— E. G. Main. AA^ M.: L. A. Bishop, S. AV.; C. Zickerick, J. AV.; AA'illiam Ruep- 
 ing, Treas.; K. E. Clark, Sec. 1875— E. G. Main, W. M.; L. A. Bishop, S. AV.; S. E. 
 Wade, J. AV.; AA^illiara Rueping, Treas.; K. E. Clark, Sec. 1876— L. A. Bishop, W. M.; M. 
 AA'agner, S. AV.; E. B. Beeson, J. AV.; AVilliam Rueping, Treas.; L. Muenter, Sec. 1877 — L. 
 A. Bishop, AV. M.; M. AVa<;ner, S. W.; E. B. Beeson, J. W.; William Rueping, Treas.; L. 
 Muenter, Sec. 1878— J. H. McNeel, W. M.; E. B. Beeson, S. W.; J. AV. Lockin, J. AV.; G. 
 AV. Lusk, Treas.; L. Muenter, Sec. 1879— J. H. McNeel, AV. M.; E. B. Beeson, S. AV.; G. 
 A. Knapp, J. AV.; G. AV. Lusk, Treas.; J. AV. Lockin, Sec. 
 
 B 
 
616 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Barling Chapter, No. fiO, Royal Arch Masons. — This Chapter, one of the higher degrees 
 of Masonry, was organized under a "dispensation'' bearing date February 24, 1859, granted 
 to Isaac S. Sherwood, Mason C. Darling, E. W. Davis, William H. Hiner, Elijah Hawkins, 
 Stephen Hawkins, I. J. Seligman, George G. Gould and Benjamin Granger, empowering them 
 " to form and open a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, and to confer the several degrees belong- 
 ing to the Chapter." Isaac S. Sherwood was appointed the first High Priest ; Mason C. Dar- 
 ling the first King, and E. W. Davis the first Scribe. The charter was received February 3, 
 1860, and, on the 9th of March of the same year, the Chapter was instituted in due form. The 
 first candidates to take the degrees of Royal Arch Masonry were Thomas S. Weeks L. 0. Bar- 
 nard and J. V. McCall. The lodge now consists of eighty members and is closely attended. 
 The officers of this Chapter are a High Priest, King, Scribe, Treasurer and Secretary, who are 
 chosen by ballot, and Captain of the Host, Principal Sojourner, Royal Arch Captain, three 
 Grand Masters of Vails, an Organist and a Guard, appointed by the Grand Council. The meet- 
 ings, or regular " convocations " of the Chapter are held on the first and third Wednesdays 
 evenings of each month, in the Masonic Hall in the First National Bank building. The elect- 
 ive officers of Chapter No. 20, from its first organization, have been as follows : 
 
 1859— Isaac S. Sherwood, High Priest ; Mason C. Darling, King ; E. W. Davis, Scribe. 
 I860— Isaac S. Sherwood, H. P.; Mason C. Darling, K.; E. W. Davis, S. 1861— A. H. 
 Boardman, H. P.; E. W.Davis, K.; George Mc Williams, S. 1862— Isaac S. Sherwood, H.P.; 
 E. W. Davis, K.; B. T. Miller, S. 1863— Isaac S. Sherwood, H. P.; E. W. Davis, K.; W. 
 H. Hiner, S. 1864— Isaac S. Sherwood, H. P.; E. W. Davis, K.; A. P. Mapes, S. 1865— 
 Isaac S. Sherwood, H. P.; A. P. Mapes, K.; DeWitt C. Wright, S. 1866— William H. Hiner, 
 H. P.; William Wiley, K.; A. M. Blair, S. 1867— William Wiley, H. P.; A. M. Blair, K.; 
 George McWilliams, S. 1868— William Wiley, H. P.; A. M. Blair, K.; D. C. Lamb, S. 
 1869— A. M. Blair, H. P.; D. C. Lamb, K.; A. L. Hall, S. 1870— D. C. Lamb, H. P.; 
 John Spence, K.; J. H. Hauser, S. 1871 — A. M. Blair, H. P.; John Spence, K.; Charles 
 Marks, S. 1872— William Wiley, H. P.; J. H. Hauser, K.; John S. Burrows, S. 1873— 
 William Wiley, H. P.; John S. Burrows, K.; George H. Ferris, S. 1874— J. H. Hauser, H. P.; 
 John S. Burrows, K.; George H. Ferris, S. 1875 — J. H. Hauser, H. P.; John S. Burrows, K.; 
 A. H. Filbev, S. 1876— J. H. Hauser, H. P.; N. C. Giffin, K.; A. H. Filbey, S. 1877— 
 J. H. HauseV, H. P.; L. A. Bishop, K.; J. H. McNeel, S. 1878— L A. Bishop, H. P.; J. 
 H.McNeel,K.; M. Wagner, S. 1879— L. A. Bishop, H. P.; J. H. McNeel, K.; J. W. Lockin, S. 
 
 Fond clu Lac Comniandery, K. T., No. 5. — A dispensation was granted, and Fond du 
 Lac Commandery, Knights Templar, was organized March 2, 1868, with the following charter 
 members : Mason C. Darling, Isaac S. Sherwood, W. H. Hiner, George G. Gould, Benjamin 
 Granger, Joseph Boles, S. Bailey Page, Arch Bishop and H. S. Baird. The first officers 
 were : William H. Hiner, Eminent Commander ; Mason C. Darling, Generalissimo ; Arch 
 Bishop, Captain General. The lodge now numbers sixty members, and meets on the first and 
 third Mondays of each month, in the third story of the First National Bank building. The 
 officers for 1879 were: John Spence, Eminent Commander; A. H. Dorris, Generalissimo; L. 
 A. Bishop, Captain General. 
 
 Zeruah Lodge, No. 7, I. 0. 0. F. — This is the Rebecca Degree of Odd Fellowship, to 
 which the wives of Odd Fellows are admitted, and was instituted August 9, 1869, by Samuel 
 Rj'an, Jr., of Appleton. The charter members were, Henry Burwell, William Mason, H. P. 
 Graves, A. Bachelder, J. V. Jewell, J. L. Ward, L. Reinhardt, David Roberts,- 
 Amelia Burwell, Frances Mason, Nellie Graves, E. A. Bachelder, H. Jewell, E. A. McComber, 
 Jennet Ward and A. E. Reinhardt. The officers are : A. J. Decker, N. G.; Mrs. I. L. Hunt, 
 V. G.; E. McNair, R. S.; H. Newton, F. S.; M. Tompkins, Treasurer. Meetings are held in 
 Odd Fellow's Hall, on the first and third Fridays of each month. 
 
 Fond du Lac Lodge, No. 30, I. 0. 0. F. — This lodge is the oldest secret society in Fond 
 du Lac County, having been organized September 4, 1848, by the M. W. G. M. Wilson, assisted 
 by W. W. Holden as Grand Marshal; Isaac Valentine, as Senior Warden; L. B. Hills, as 
 
HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 617 
 
 Junior Warden ; J. C. Bishop, as Conductor ; M. D. Henry and J. C. Lowell, as S. S. The 
 charter members were, D. R. Curran, John C. Bishop, E. S. Disbrow, Charles Chandler, S. 
 Ryan, Jr., John Bannister, J. C. Lowell, Keyes A. Darling and M. D. Henry. These are now all 
 members in good standing, except John Bannister (deceased), J. C. Lowell and Keyes A. Darling. 
 At the organization, Moses S. Gibson, S. S. Stebbins, J. S. Buck and William Ditson were 
 admitted by card, and Orrin S. Wright, W. B. Ellsworth, F. D. McCarty, Edgar Conklin and 
 Amazi L. Williams were the candidates initiated. The following officers have been elected : 
 1848— Milton D. Henry, N. G.; John Bannister, V. G.; D. R. Curran, R. S.; K. A. Darling, 
 P. S.; E. S. Disbrow, Treasurer. 1849— J. Bannister, N. G.; D. R. Curran, V. G.: G. W. 
 Weikert, R. S.; K. A. Darling, P. S.; 0. S. Wright, Treasurer; D. R. Curran, N. G.; William 
 Ditson, V. G.; J. C. Bishop, R. S.; E.G. Disbrow, Treasurer. 1850— William Ditson, N. G.; 
 F. D. McCarty, V. G.; C. A. Eldredge, R. S.; 0. S. Wright, P. S.; Q. M. Olcott, Treasurer; 
 F. D. McCarty, N. G.; Charles A. Eldredge, V. G.; P. V. Sang, R. S.; E. D. Mattison, Treas- 
 urer. 1851— C. A. Eldredge, N. G.; E. D. Mattison, V. G.; A. B. Bowen, R. S.; K. A. Dar- 
 ling, P. S.; E. D. Finney, Treasurer; Amos Reed, R. S.; C. Graham, P. S.; A. H. Boardman, 
 P. S.; E. D. Mattison, N. G.; C. J. Goss, V. G.: Nat Waterbury, R. S.; J. B. Wilbor. Treasurer. 
 1852— C. J. Goss, N. G.; G. W. Weikert, Y. G.; A. H. Boardman, R. S.; J. B. Wilbor, Treas- 
 urer ; G. W. Weikert, N. G.; John Nichols, V. G.; George W. Sawyer, R. S.: Peter Rupp, 
 Treasurer. 1853— John Nichols, N. G.; K. A. Darling, V. G.; George W. Sawyer, R. S.; 
 Charles Chandler, P. S.; A. Bachelder, Treasurer; K. A. Darling, N. G.; S. D. Stanchfield, V. 
 G.; C. Chandler, Treasurer. 1854— S. D. Stanchfield, N. G.; George W. Sawyer, V. G.; S. 
 Mann, R. S.; C- Chandler, Treasurer; G. W. Sawyer, N. G.; S. Mann, V. G.; Louis Scheffer, 
 R. S. 1855— S. Mann, N. G.; Charles Chandler, V. G.; D. R. Curran, R. S.; D. E. Hoskins, 
 Treasurer; C. Chandler, N. G.; C. F. Bowen, V. G.; J. H. Clum, R. S.; G. W. Sawyer, Treas- 
 urer. 1856— C. F. Bowen, N. G.; J. H. Clum, V. G.; T. S. Weeks, R. S.; D. E. Hoskins, 
 Treasurer ; J. H. Clum, N. G.; T. S. Weeks, V. G.; G. W. Sawyer, R. S.; C. F. Bowen, Treas- 
 urer. 1857— T. S. Wickes, N. G.; S. Mann, V. G.; D. R. Curran, R. S.; C. F. Bowen, 
 Treasurer; John Nichols, N. G.; G. W. Sawyer, V. G.; Charles Chandler, R. S.; D. R. Curran, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Lodge surrendered charter to District Deputy Charles Chandler. Charter restord in 
 December, 1859. 
 
 I860— John Nichols, N. G.; K. A. Darling, V. G.; Charles Chandler, R. S.; C. F. Bowen, 
 Treasurer; K. A. Darling, N. G.; A. H. Boardman, V. G.; Charles Chandler, R. S.; John Nichols, 
 Treasurer. 1861— K. A. Darling, N. G.; A. H. Boardman, V. G.: P.L. Morse, R. S.; John Nichols, 
 Treasurer : S. M. Smead, N. G.; P. L. Morse, V. G.; John S. Burrows, R. S. 1862— P. L. Morse, 
 N. G.; J. S. Burrows, V. G.; L. Q, Olcott, R. S.; John Nichols, Treasurer ; S. W. Edson, R. S.; 
 J. S. Burrows, N. G.; S. W. Edson, V. G.; A. P. Simmons, R. S. 1863— S. W. Edson, N. 
 G.; B. F. Sweet, V. G.; Paul Reichman, R. S.; John Nichols, Treasurer; B. F. Sweet, N. G.; 
 A. P. Jones, V. G.; J. S. Burrows, Treasurer. 1864— A. P. Jones, N. G.; P. Reichman, Y. 
 G.; C. C. L. Webster, R. S.; J. S. Burrows, Treasurer ; J. Nichols, N. G.; C. C. L. Webster, 
 Y. G.; S. E. Hatch, R. S.; Daniel Roberts, Treasurer. 1865— C. C. L. Webster, N. G.; Daniel 
 Roberts, Treasurer; P. Reichman, N. G.; S. E. Hatch, V. G.; A. P. Jones, R. S. 1866— S. 
 E. Hatch and B. Garvin, N. G.; W. Karsten andBen Garvin, V.G.; C. Marks and J. Underbill, 
 R. S.; E. H. Gould, P. S.; D. Roberts, Treasurer. 1867— J. Underbill and J. R. Morton, N. 
 G.; J. Underbill and J. R. Morton, V. G.; A. A. Wilson and H. Burnell, R. S.; 0. A. Bon- 
 nell, P. S.; F. Seymour, Treasurer. 1868— H. Burwell and A. A. Wilson, N. G.; H. Burwell 
 and A. A. Wilson, V. G.; A. A. Wilson and A. Bachelder, R. S.; W. Mason and D. Roberts, 
 Treasurers; H. S. Kimball, P. S. 1869— A. Bachelder and W. Mason, N. G.; A. Bachelder 
 and W. Mason, V. G.; T. J. Vaughn and J. R. Morton, R. S.: H. Burwell, P. S.: W. Mason 
 and H. P. Graves, Treasurers. 1870— E. D. Harris and H. P. Graves, N. G.; E. D. Harris 
 and H. P. Graves, V. G.; H. P. Graves and D. Roberts, R. S.; A. Bachelder, P. S.; B. F. 
 Sweet and H. Burwell, Treasurers. 1871 — J. D. Babcock and L. Rhinehart, N. G.; L. Rhine- 
 hart and E. G. Main, V. G : E. G. Main and A. W. Roberts. R. S.: J. S. Lnwrcnce and John 
 
618 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Sawyer, P. S.; Jacob Marks and Daniel Roberts, Treasurers. 1872 — E. G. Main, C. W. Smith 
 and J. A. Watroiis, N. G.; C. W. Smith, J. A. Watrous and A. Lindow, V. G.; J. D. Babcock, 
 A. Lindow and E. G. Main, Secretaries ; T. M. Bowen and H. S. Russell, P. S.; D. Roberts, 
 Treasurer. 1873 — August Lindow and C. W. Berkley, N. G.; C. W. Berkley and E. H. Little, 
 V. G.; E. H. Little and J. C. Bishop, Secretaries; E. S. Disbrow and T. D. Roberts, P. S. 
 1874— E. H. Little and J. C. Bishop, N. G.; J. C. Bishop and S. L. Brasted, V. G.; S. L. 
 Brasted and E. D. Harris, Secretaries; R. F. Allen, P. S.; J. D. Babcock and II. G. Leonard, 
 Treasurers. 1875— S. L. Brasted and S. P. Morse, N. G.; S. P. Morse and A. D. Somervaile, 
 V. G.; 0. A. Bonnell and R. F. Allen, Secretaries ; R. F. Allen and Jerome Gibson, P. S.; 
 H. G. Leonard and A. W. Martin, Treasurers. 1876 — A. D. Somervaile and R. F. Allen, N. 
 G.; R. F. Alien and E. C. Tompkins, V. G.; E. C. Tompkins and J. Beckley, Secretaries; E. 
 T. Brown, P. S.; D. R. Curran and S. L. Brasted, Treasurers. 1877— E. C. Tompkins, R. 
 
 F. Allen and George Stevens, N. G.; George Stevens and G. M. Johnson, V. G.; George M. 
 Johnson and F. Dequine, Secretaries ; J. C. Bishop, P. S.; S. L. Brasted and E. C. Tomp- 
 kins, Treasurers. 1878 — G. M. Johnson and F. Dequine, N. G.; F. Dequine and H. W. 
 Newton, V. G.; H. W. Newton and E. F. Ford, Secretaries; J. C. Bishop, P. S.; S. P. Morse 
 and E. C. Tompkins, Treasurers. 1879— H. W. Newton and E. F. Ford, N. G.; E. F. Ford 
 and A. A. Bishop, V. G.; A. A. Bishop and W. 11. Masson, Secretaries; J. C. Bishop and D. 
 R. Curran, P. S.; E. C. Tompkins and R. F. Allen, Treasurers. 
 
 The present number of member is 142, holding 209 policies of insurance in the Wisconsin 
 Odd Fellows' Mutual Life Insurance Company. 
 
 Pillar Encampment, No. 15, I. 0. 0. F. — This lodge was instituted September 21, 1866, 
 with these charter members : Charles Marks, Paul Reichman, Joshua Underbill, John Nichols, 
 Keyes A. Darling, Daniel Roberts and A. A. Wilson. The officers are: C. P., F. Dequine; 
 S. W., R. F. Allen ; H. P., I. L. Hunt ; Scribe, E. D. Harris ; Treasurer, E. F. Ford ; J. W., 
 T. W. Fish; Trustees — S. L. Brasted, A. D. Somervaile, D. R. Curran. The lodge now con- 
 tains forty-six members, and is in a prosperous condition. Meetings are held in Odd Fellows' 
 Hall, over the post office. 
 
 Goethe Lodge, No. 112, I. 0. 0. F. — This is called the " German Lodge," being composed 
 entirely of Germans. It was organized March 12, 1866, but the charter was not received until 
 January 17, 1867. The charter members were, William Karstens, Charles Marks, Ph. 
 Stamm, Henry Blocdel, S. Eidemiller and Paul Reichman. The first officers were: N. G., Will- 
 iam Karstens; V. G., Charles Marks ; Recording Secretary, Henry Bloedel ; I. G., Ph. Stamm ; 
 P. S., Paul Reichman ; Treasurer, S. Eidemiller. The present ofiicers are as follows : N. G., 
 Henry Bloedel; V. G., Paul Petersen ; R. S., Peter Ehlers ; P. S., Jacob Thomson; Treas- 
 urer, William Karstens. The Lodge numbered 104 members at the beginning of 1880. The 
 Past Grands make a list as follows : William Karstens, Henry Bloedel, Charles Marks. Paul 
 Reicinnan, S. Eidemiller, Ph. Stamm, John Fick, Casper Buechner, W. Ladewig, William 
 Eichmeier, II. Wallichs, Raphael Katz, Peter Pohl, Jacob Gerhard, Hanz Rosenow, G. A. 
 Kretlow, Franz Padeond, Martin Sichter. Meetings are held every Monday evening, in Odd 
 Fellows' Hall, over the post office. 
 
 Knights of Honor. — Fond du Lac Lodge, No. .381, Knights of Honor, was organized 
 October 9, 1876, by Deputy Supreme Dictator Tuples. Tlie charter members were, Henry But- 
 terfield, Elihu Colman, W. N. Coleman, William D. Conklin, C. Chadbourne. E. D. Curtis, Dr. 
 
 G. M. Dixon, Dr. A. II. Dorris, W. S. Finley, Dr. E. C. Gray, J. H. Hauser, Frank B. 
 Hoskins^ John Heath, H. M. Kutchin, George W. Lusk, M. D. Moore, J. C. Perry, Alexander 
 Stewart, Thomas J. Vaughn, J. A. AVatrous, D. B. Wyatt, Rev. 0. J. Cowles, Edward Colman, 
 John K. Ross, C. K. Pier, Henry Shattuck and G. A. Knapp. 
 
 The first election, held at the time above mentioned, resulted in choosing the following 
 officers : Past Dictator, J. H. Hauser ; Dictator, M. D. Moore ; Vice Dictator, George W. 
 Lusk ; Assistant Dictator, Alexander Stewart ; Guide, Thomas J. Vaughn ; Reporter, John 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 019 
 
 Heath ; Financial Reporter, W. S. Finley ; Treasurer, J. C. Perry ; Guardian, Henry Butter- 
 field ; Sentinel, W. N. Coleman ; Trustees, W. D. Conklin, George W. Lusk and A. H. 
 Dorris. 
 
 The Order of Knights of Honor is a secret benevolent society, composed of a Supreme, 
 Grand and Subordinate Lodges. It was established in June, 1873, by persons who felt that 
 the various systems of relief to the families of deceased members, as adopted by other orders, 
 were deficient in important respects, and who believed that an order established with the pur- 
 pose of paying a death benefit as one of its main objects, would meet with approval and 
 success. 
 
 The objects of the Order are stated briefly by the Supreme Lodge, as follows : 1st. To 
 unite fraternally all acceptable white men of every profession, business or occupation. 2d. To 
 give all moral and material aid in its power to members of the Order, by holding moral, 
 instructive and scientific lectures, by encouraging each other in business, and by assisting one 
 another to obtain employment. 3d. To establish a benefit fund, from which a sum not exceed- 
 ing $2,000 shall be paid at the death of a member, to his family, or to be disposed of as he may 
 direct. 4th. To establish a fund for the relief of sick or distressed members. Subordinate 
 lodges are composed of members of good social and moral standing, who are admitted upon 
 petition, by ballot, after passing a fiivorable medical examination. The petitioner must be a 
 white, male person, between the ages of twenty-one and fifty-five. 
 
 The first meetings were held in the Knights of Pythias Hall, in Darling's Block, and were 
 continued there until June, 1878, when the Lodge rented a hall in the third floor of G. Kuenne's 
 Block, which was dedicated publicly. The meetings are now held therein on the first and third 
 Monday evenings of each month. This hall is handsomely furnished, and the Lodge, which 
 numbers fifty-five members, has a large surplus in its treasury. 
 
 Its Dictators have been M. D. Moore, Elihu Colman, two terms ; Alexander Stewart, two 
 terms ; C. Chadbourne and George W. Carter. Elections occur once in three months. 
 
 Economical Lodge, No. 2ft'21, K. of H. — This Lodge, the second in the city, was organized 
 January 13, 1880, by Grand Dictator John H. Hauser, of Fond du Lac, with the following 
 charter members : A. G. Breitenstein, S. S. Bowers, Noel Bcngley, N. B. Barker, B. Buch- 
 holz, Ferd. Blankenburg, J. W. IMarsh, C. E. Huber, W. B. McLean, W. D. Fuhrman, J. C. 
 Fuhrman, A. J. Alley, D. C. Lang, J. H. Lang, Charles Hartman, W. B. Rae, S. W. Scher- 
 merhorn, J. H. McNeel, Jacob Frank, Robert Powerie, F. A. Jones, Charles Youmans, C. N. 
 Galliind, Frank Wallace, George B. Koerner and Charles Sclmler. The first election of oificers 
 was held on the same evening, and resulted as follows : Dictator, S. S. Bowers ; Past Dictator, 
 J. H. McNeel ; Vice Dictator, J. W. Marsh ; Assistant Dictator, A. G. Breitenstein ; Reporter, 
 W. B. Rae ; Financial Reporter, Noel Bengley ; Treasurer, B. Buchholz ; Guide, S. W. 
 Schermerhorn ; Guardian, Ferd. Blankenburg ; Sentinel, W. D. Fuhrman; Chaplain, N. B. 
 Barker. This Lodge meets every two weeks in Knights of Honor Hall, in Kuenne's Block, on 
 Tuesday evenings. 
 
 Fond du Lao Lodge, No. 55, A. 0. U. W. — Fond du Lac Lodge, No. 55, Ancient 
 Order of United Workmen, was instituted by Dr. AV. A. Gordon, of Oshkosh, Deputy Grand 
 Master Workman, February 4, 1879, with the following charter members : Elihu Colman, 
 George W. Carter, D. P. Frame, E. B. Beeson, George M. Pier, A. Lindow, B. F. De Voe, 
 Dorlon Mihills, W. J. Austin, George C. Aldrich, E. F. Ford, F. M. Givens, J. H. Hauser, 
 Robert A. Wilson, James A. Spence, G. L. Benjamin, A. II. Richardson, J. A. Markle, H. G. 
 Hanson, C. K. Carter, George W. Yancy, I. L. Hunt, G. D. Danks, S. L. Brasted. George 
 H. Patty, Charles Wilson. G. S. Cryne, Theodore Treleven, F. J. Rose, R. F. Sexmith, F. A. 
 Brasted, A. G. Coff"man, H. M. Kutchin and D. G. Allen. The first ofiicers were : Past 
 Master Workman, Elihu Colman ; Master Workman, George W. Carter, General Foreman, D. 
 P. Frame; Recorder, F. M. Givens; Financier, E. F. Ford; Receiver, E. B. Beeson ; Guide, 
 G. M. Pier ; Inside Watcliman, W. J. Austin ; Outside Watchman, Dorlon Mihills ; Medical 
 Examiner, E. B. Beeson. 
 
620 HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The purpose of the organization is to secure benefits to its members during sickness, and 
 $2,000 to the heirs of any member in case of death. The fees for membership, which are $5 
 for the first degree, and $2 each for the two following degrees, remain in the treasury of the 
 Lodge to be expended for charitable purposes. The beneficiary fund of $2,000 is paid to the 
 heirs of the deceased immediately after death, the Lodge furnishing its own proof. The organ- 
 ization now contains forty-two members, who meet in Knights of Protection Hall, in Keunne's 
 Block, on the first and third Mondays of each month. 
 
 Royal Arcamim. — The "Royal Arcanum" is an offshoot of the ''Knights of Honor." 
 The objects and aims are substantially the same. It was organized in Massachusetts, in 1877, 
 by men prominent in the Knights of Honor, and has since spi'ead over all the Northern States. 
 It does not take in the Southern States, or .any regions liable to epidemics. It is a secret 
 order, its objects being social and beneficent. The Order gives to the widow or heirs of every 
 deceased member the sum of $3,000. 
 
 A Council was organized in Fond du Lac, December 7, 1878, with George P. Lee as 
 Regent, and forty-three charter members. The Council holds its sessions, twice each month, 
 in Knights of Honor Hall, in Kuenne's Block, and is in a very prosperous condition, having 
 fifty-five members. 
 
 The following is a list of the charter members : Elihu Colman, J. H. Hauser, A. H. 
 Dorris, J. L. Thwing, A. L. Moore, D. B. Curtis, Benjamin Wild, L. A. Bishop, George P. 
 Lee, W. W. Wild, G. N. Mihills, John Heath, C. W. Seaver, A. De Land, H. Altpass, C. P. 
 Congden, M. L. Norman, D. C. Lang, J. H. Lang, H. R. Allen, W. F. Kent, W. D. Conklin, 
 J. C. Waterbury, M. Hobbs, Newell Nightingale, Dorlon Mihills, George M. Pier, S. G. Leland, 
 S. R. Emerson, C. Chadbourne, P. B. Haber, Alexander Stewart, C. W. Flower, George W. 
 Carter, James T. Greene, U. D. Mihills, H. B. Lange, B. B. Spencer, Ed. Lange, E. H. Jones, 
 J. B. Wade, George Patty, J. G. Smith. 
 
 The present officers are : Elihu Colman, R.; J. T. Greene, V. R.; George P. Lee, P. R.; 
 H. R. Allen, C; C. Chadbourne, Sec: S. G. Leland, C; W. F. Kent, T.; A. D. Parker, G.; 
 M. L. Norman, Cliap.; George M. Pier, W.; C. W. Mihills, S.; George P. Lee, Benjamin 
 Wild and C. K. Pier, Trustees. 
 
 Fidelity Lodge, No. 19, Knights of Pythias. — This Lodge was instituted September 17, 
 1875, with the following charter members : .Jesse Beckley, Charles Marks, C. L. Ailing, John 
 C. Bishop, C. W. Barnes, Richard Murphy, Charles H. Hawes, H. Clay Wills, John W. Dillon, 
 Edward F. Riem. It meets every Friday night at Castle Hall, in Darling's Block, corner of 
 First and Main streets. The object of this Lodge is friendship, charity and benevolence. There 
 is connected with it a '-section of the K. P. Endowment Rank, No. 41," the object of which is 
 to afford members of the Order a safe and reliable life insurance at a very small cost. The 
 insurance is divided into two classes of $1,000 and $2,000 respectively, and any member passing 
 the required examination may enter one or both classes and be assessed in each class as deaths 
 occur. The section now numbers thirty-eight members, with a total insurance of $96,000. The 
 officers of this section are: Byron Town, President ; E. F. Riem, Vice President : C. H. Hawes, 
 Secretary and Treasurer. The total membership of this Lodge is ninety-three ; the Order is in 
 a prosperous condition, and is growing rapidly. The Grand Chancellor of the State, Howard 
 M. Kutchin, resides at Fond du Lac, and is a member of this lodge. The officers, since the 
 organization of this Lodge, are as follows : For the term commencing September 17, 187o, Jesse 
 Beckley, P. C. ; Charles Marks, C. C. ; C. L. Ailing, V. C. ; J. C. Bishop, P. ; Edward F. 
 Riem, M. A. ; John Dillon, M. F. ; C. W. Barnes, M. E. ; C. H. Hawes, K. of R. and S. ; H. 
 C. Wills, I. G. : R. Murphy, 0. G. For the term beginning .lanuary 1, 1876 : Charles Marks, 
 P. C. ; C. L. Ailing, C. C. ; H. M. Kutchin, V. C. ; N. S. Gibson,' P. ; F. B. Hoskins, K. of 
 R. and S. ; J. A. Merryman, M. F. ; D. Y. Sabin, M. E. ; W. H. Tousley, M. A. These 
 officers were re-elected July 1, 1876. 
 
 January 1, 1877— C. L. Ailing, P. C. ; John 0. Bishop, C. C. ; N. S. Gilson, V. C ; C. 
 A. Galloway, P. ; George L. Arnold, K. of R. and S. ; C. W. Henry, M. F. ; J. C. Wedge, 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DULAC COUNTY. 621 
 
 M. E. ; Edward F. Riem, M. A. July 1, 1877, these officers were re-elected. January 1, 1878 
 — N. S. Gilson, P. C. ; C. A. Galloway, C. G. ; J. A. Merryman, V. 0. ; Thomas Bryant, P. ; 
 C. J. Hunter, K. of R. and S. ; C. W. Henry, M. F. ; Byron Town, M. E. ; C. H. Hawes, 
 M. A. ; George W. Church, I. G. ; William Reynolds, 0. G. July 1, 1878— C. A. Galloway, 
 P. C. ; J. A. Merryman, C. C. ; Thomas Bryant, V. C. ; Edward F. Riem, P. ; George H. 
 Lusk, K. of R. and S. ; C. W. Henry, M. F. ; Byron Town, M. E. ; C. H. Hawes, M. A. ; 
 C. W. Church. Jr., I. G. ; William Reynolds, 0. G. January 1, 1879— J. A. Merryman, P. 
 C. : Edward F. Riem, C. C. ; H. C. Wills, V. C. ; C. H. Hawes, P. ; Joseph D. Radford, K. 
 of R. and S. ; C. W. Henry, M. F. ; Bvron Town, M. E. ; Edward Kent, M. A. ; R. Wilkins, 
 I. G. ; W. Reynolds, 0. G. July 1, 1879— E. F. Riem, P. C. ; H. C. Wills, C. C. ; C. D. 
 Otis, V. C. ; E. C. Gray, P. : J. D. Radford, K. of R. and S. ; C. W. Henry, M. F. ; Byron 
 Town, M. E. ; Edward Kent, M. A. ; R. Wilkins, I. G. ; P. G. Dick, 0. G. 
 
 Excelsior Temple of Honor, No. 8. — Wisconsin is famous for the great number and influ- 
 ence of her temples and Templars, and Excelsior Temple, No. 8, of Fond du Lac, being the 
 father of this branch of temperance work, has a good claim to an elaborate history. This brief 
 sketch was furnished for this work by one of the charter members, and but mildly describes the 
 immense work done by the Temple, and the beneficial results of its endeavors to spread the Order 
 into other localities and States. Excelsior Temple of Honor, No. 8, was organized on the 14th 
 of January, 1873, with about twenty charter members. Duiing its first year it lost more mem- 
 bers than it gained, but, late in February, 1874, it commenced to grow. This was after the 
 members had decided to ignore the counsel and instruction of an old-fogy element. During that 
 year nearly two hundreil were initiated. The number of the Temple, " No. 8," would indicate 
 that there were 'seven other temples in the State, but there were not. At the time Excelsior 
 commenced work (in 1874) there was but one other temple in Wisconsin, and it was doing little 
 or nothing ; so it may be said that Excelsior was the only live Temple in the State at that time. 
 The good work of the Temple in reforming men — not initiating boys and girls — during the year 
 
 1874, attracted the attention of the press, pulpit and people. The first call for the Order, after 
 its establishment in Fond du Lac, came from Oshkosh, when forty of the members went over 
 and organized No. 9. A few weeks later, an equal number, with many from Oshkosh, took the 
 Order to Appleton. The first regular session of the re-organized Grand Temple, met in Fond 
 du Lac in June, 1875, when Dr. W. A. Gordon, of Oshkosh, was chosen Grand Worthy Templar, 
 J. A. Watrous, of Fond du Lac, Grand Worthy Vice Templar, and August Lindow, of Fond 
 du Lac, Grand Worthy Recorder. In September, 1875, Dr. Gordon resigned, and J. A. Watrous 
 succeeded him, and has held the office ever since, having been unanimously re-elected on four 
 occasions. When he came into office there were twelve temples, nine of which he had assisted 
 in organizing. Now there are 225 temples in Wisconsin, and new ones are being added every 
 month. Among the members are thousands of as good and prominent men as the State affords. 
 The Order was introduced to Nebraska and Minnesota, through the Wisconsin Chief Templar, 
 and there are no\^ in Nebraska about fifty temples. There are hundreds of men in Fond du 
 Lac, who have been educated to lives of sobriety through Excelsior Temple of Honor. It may 
 be said that the Order, as it exists in Wisconsin, Nebraska and Minnesota, sprang from Excel- 
 sior Temple. The following-named persons have been Worthy Chief Templars of this lodge : 
 August Lindow, H. Clay Wills, J. A. Watrous, two terms ; W. H. Bowe, George M. Benedict, 
 Alexander White, two terms ; D. B. Bailey, Charles M. Green, three terms ; Reuben Wilkins 
 and Joseph Crippen. The meetings of the Temple are held every Tuesday evening in Sewell's 
 Block, next to the First National Bank, and are well attended. 
 
 The Druids. — The Fond du Lac Division of the Order of Druids was organized April 18, 
 
 1875, with the following charter members: Henry Stoldt, F. Kromme, Fred Weyer, Nick 
 Jacoby, H. Abel, P. Breister, F. Abel, George Zacherl, John Steltzer, William Bischoff", Henry 
 Hartman and J. W. Gerhardt. The object of the Order is benevolence. At the death of any 
 member the heirs receive .f 800, and during sickness $5 per week. Meetings are held every 
 Thursdafy evening in Bischoff"'s building. The officers are : N. A., Henry Stoldt ; V. A., 
 
fi22 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 George Zacherl ; Secretary, Zettler; Treasurer, F. Kromme; Conductor, F. Weyer; I. G., F. 
 Abel ; 0. G., P. Briester. This organization consists of twenty-six members. 
 
 Fond du Lac Lodge, No 4-10-, I- 0. Gr. T. — This lodge of the Independent Order of Good 
 Templars was instituted January 21, 1878, with the following charter members : W. H. 
 Brown, Grace Chesbro, C. A. Morrison, Miss M. T. Reed, Frankie Shannon, Jesse Beckley, 
 Emma F. Dalhem. Mrs. S. R. Mathews, Nellie Roblee, May Stewart, Sarah Bryant, Linda. 
 Hibbard, Mrs. T. W. Martin, W. J. Stewart, Ida E. Van Norder, Laura Bryant, Edwin Lange, 
 Mary Martin, Sarah Stewart, J. A. Watrous, Alice M. Blodgett, M. C. Martin, Mary Palmer, 
 Emma Stewart, Miss J. Ward, Ida M. Blodgett, Nathan Main, J. W. Reynolds, S. C. Sayles, 
 Emma Ward, Lillie Bryant, Mrs. J. L. Main, Ella Ravmond, John Shannon, G. W. Yancv, 
 H. J. Stewart. The first officers were: W. C. T., W." H. Brown; W. V. T., Miss J. Ward; 
 W. C, N. Main; W. R. S., G. W. Yancy ; W. T., Laura Bryant; W. M., J. W. Reynolds; P. 
 W. C. T., W. J. Stewart. The present membership numbers seveniv-seven, with the following 
 officers: W. C. T., N. Main; W. V. T., Jennie Gould; W. C, J. W. Aldrich; W. R. S., J. 
 S. Lake; W. T., Mrs. S. Morrison; W. M., Charles Gould. Meetings are held once each week. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 There are eighteen church edifices in the city of Fond du Lac, and three buildings either 
 owned or rented for missions. They are all singularly prosperous, with perhaps two excep- 
 tions, and pushing their work with vigor. 
 
 Division Street M. E. Church. — The strongest of the many Methodist Episcopal organi- 
 zations in Fond du Lac County is the Division Street Church, in the city of Fond du Lac. It 
 claims for itself, and has good evidence in proof, to be the very foundation, the pioneer of all 
 religious organizations in Fond du Lac. The first sermon ever preached in the city was at the 
 house of Dr. Mason C. Darling, a log structure, located where Darling's Block now stands, on 
 the 17th of November, 1839, by Rev. Jesse Halsted, now of Rockford, 111. The whole county 
 then did not contain 300 people. After 1839, there were no regular services until 1843, 
 when Rev. H. S. Brunson was appointed to take charge of the "Fond du Lac Circuit," then 
 including a vast amount of sparsely settled territory; but exhorters and itinerant ministers had 
 preached and held services at different private houses, so the few Methodists who composed the 
 first church felt that they had maintained a very profitable though inexpensive organization. 
 Rev. Brunson immediately formed a class, as it was termed, composed of Charles Olmsted and 
 Sarah B., his wife ; D. C. Brooks and Eliza Ann, his wife; Norman Pier and Sarah, his wife; 
 Mrs. Parsons (mother of Frank and Henry Parsons), and Francis McCarty. All of these, 
 except Norman Pier and Mr. McCartey, are still living. The meeting which resulted in forming 
 this class was- held in the house owned and occupied by Edward Pier, situated wliere H. R. 
 Skinner now owns a house, two miles south of the city. Services were held regularly after the 
 class was formed, in private houses, until the erection of a schoolhouse in 1843, on iMain 
 street, about where May's Block now stands. This schoolhouse was used for religious worship, 
 although soon after moved to Fifth street, until it burned, December 12, 1848, when the Court 
 House, being completed, was used for church services. 
 
 In 1844, Rev. Joseph Lewis was appointed to the Fond du Lac Circuit, and was succeeded 
 the next year by Rev. Morgan L. Noble, who was in great demand at all weddings. In 1847, 
 Rev. H. R. Colnian, now a resident of Fond du Lac, was appointed Pastor, continuing two 
 years. An unusual amount of work, to which was added great exposure, fastened a throat dis- 
 ease upon Mr. Colman which compelled him to .retire from the ministry, and from which he 
 never has recovered. He made the first move toward building a church edifice, which resulted 
 in the erection of a wooden building on the corner of Marr and Third streets. Mr. Colman's 
 salary for these two years was .$400, of which he gave one-fourth to build the new church of 
 which they were so much in need. 
 
 In 1849, while the church edifice was building. Rev. Henry Requa was appointed to the 
 "circuit," remaining one year. His successor was Rev. J. S. Prescott, who was a great worker. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 623^- 
 
 He remained two years, and succeeded in finishing the building on the corner of Marrand Third 
 streets, and erecting another on Arndt street. The Marr Street Church was dedicated in 1852, 
 by Bishop Ames, and the one on Arndt street by Rev. W. G. Miller. [The balance of the his- 
 tory of Arndt Street Church will be found under the title of " Cotton Street Church."] What 
 was called the "circuit" was then abandoned, and Rev. Ezra Tucker "stationed" at Marr 
 street, where he preached one year, being followed by Rev. E. 8. Grumley. He remained, 
 doing a good work during two years, and, in 1855, was succeeded by Rev. T. T. Kutchin. 
 Being a man of great mental and oi'atorical powers, Mr. Kutchin stirred the people and filled 
 the church to overflowing. In 1856, Mr. Kutchin withdrew to form a Free Methodist church — 
 Rev. Cyrus Scammon taking his place — and quite a number followed him. They soon after 
 returned. In 1857, Rev. A. P. Allen was appointed Pastor, and remained one year. He was 
 followed by Rev. H. B. Crandall, under whom the organization suffered seriously from an 
 important church trial, which at one time threatened to divide the organization. In 1859, 
 came the Rev. J. T. Hollister as Pastor, who remained two years. 
 
 In 1861, the Wisconsin Conference of the M. E. Church was held in this church. Bishop 
 Baker presiding, at which Rev. W. Lattin was appointed to succeed Mr. Hollister as Pastor. 
 In 1863, Rev. John T. Woodhead was made Pastor, and the church was in a thriving condition. 
 The building was getting too small for the swelling congregations, and, on July 25, 1865, 
 Spencer Hall, on Division street, was purchased, together with the site, for $5,000, and soon 
 after dedicated and occupied. The other building was sold to the German Evangelical Breth- 
 ren, and is now owned and occupied by them on the old site. The Arndt street organization 
 came back to the parent church in 1860, helped purchase Spencer Hall, and, in 1866, .under 
 Mr. Woodhead and his successor. Rev. 0. J. Cowles, began to rebuild it; but later that year, 
 they returned again to Arndt street, about fifty strong, weakening the old church society. In 
 the spring of 1866, Spencer Hall was raised; a tower erected, and a commodious and airy 
 basement built under it. The new building, which is 110x55 feet, with the auditorium of the larg- 
 est capacity in the city, was dedicated by T. M Eddy, D. D., of Chicago, May 5, 1867. Its 
 total cost at that time, including site, was $20,000. Although of wood, and a modest white 
 structure in outward appearance, the inside is light, high, comfortable and beautiful — by many 
 pronounced one of the pleasantest churches in the State. It will comfortably seat 900 persons. 
 The basement contains a lecture-room 50x50 feet; three large and pleasant classrooms, and a 
 kitchen. It is completely equipped for festivals, suppers and preparing refreshments for any 
 church entertainments. 
 
 In 1868, while Rev. H. C. Tilton was Pastor, the Free- Will Baptists formed a society, 
 taking most of their members from the Division Street Church, as it was now called. These 
 decimations, with hard times, checked progress, but only temporarily, as in February, 1869, a 
 splendid bell, the finest toned and largest in the city, was hung in the tower, and money was 
 expended for other improvements. In 1874, the orchestra was built, the auditorium was fres- 
 coed, and stained windows put in, and in 1875, a splended pipe organ built by Johnson & 
 Sons, and costing $3,000, was put in. Mr. Tilton remained three years, and was succeeded by 
 Rev. G. C. Haddock, in 1871; Rev. W. W. Case, in 1873; Rev. 0. J. Cowles, in 1875; Rev. 
 S. N. Griflith, in 1877, and Rev. S. Halsey, the present Pastor, in October, 1879. During 
 Mr. Griffith's pastorate there was some dissatisfaction in the church, because he engaged in mer- 
 cantile pursuits — buying land and horses and putting them to use — but it was nothing serious, 
 although diminishing the church revenues. 
 
 The organization is now strong and entirely harmonious, with about 300 members and a 
 debt of $2,000. A Sabbath school was organized almost as early as the church itself (its first 
 meetings being jointly with the Congregationalists), which has been successfully maintained 
 ever since. Rev. Tracy Bingham was the first Superintendent, in 1846. James L. Thwing is 
 the present Superintendent. The first Board of Trustees was composed of D. C. Brooks and 
 two others, but their names are not left on record, nor recollected by the surviving members. 
 The truth is. one member was about as much a trustee as another — all acted together for the 
 
624 HISTORY OF FOND DF LAC COUNTY. 
 
 common good. The present Board of Trustees is thu? constituted : M. D. Moore, Chairman; 
 Judge N. C. Giffin, Charles Heth, Capt. J. H. Hauser, Dr. A. H. Dorris, Thomas W. Spence. 
 G. W. Sexmith, Eiihu Colraan and A. H. Hall. 
 
 In 1867, the Young Men's Christian Association of the Division Street M. E. Church 
 opened a mission Sunday school, at the Grant Street Schoolhouse. It was continued by them 
 about four years, when it was turned over to the Sunday-School Board of the church, by whom 
 it has since been managed. The school is held every Sunday in Ingram's Hall, corner of Main 
 and Ninth streets, and is largely attended, there being no other Sunday school in that vicinity. 
 
 Cotton Street Methodist Episcopal Church. — In 1850, having some means left after finish- 
 ing the edifice on the corner of Marr and Third streets, and as there were a number of Meth- 
 odist people in what was then, as now, called Lower Town, a small mission house or chapel was 
 erected on Arndt street, on the site now occupied by the residence of Mr. W. Wilkie. This 
 buihling now stands across the river in the Sixth Ward, and is owned and oscupied by the Pres- 
 byterians with a mission or Sunday school. The original intention of the Marr street Meth- 
 odists, as appears from unwritten history, was to furnish the Lower Town Methodists a place 
 for holding class meetings and Sunday schools, rather than for regular services of a permanent 
 organization, as Lower Town was growing very rapidly, the principal mills and factories being 
 located in that quarter. The first action taken toward building a church edifice on Arndt 
 street, was at a meeting of the Marr Street Church officers, held at the residence of I. J. Driggs, 
 on the 1.5th day of July, 1850, and which was presided over by Rev. J. S. Prescott. It was 
 then resolved to build a church on Arndt street, and Mr. Prescott was constituted a committee 
 to let the contract as soon as possible, "and collect the come-atable funds and materials." The 
 money on hand and the lumber donated enabled the building to be rapidly pushed to such a 
 state of completion as would make it fit for occupancy. In 1852, the Trustees of the Marr 
 Street Church had a meeting and authorized the building to be entirely finished, and at its dedi- 
 cation, which occurred in October, 1852, under Rev. W. G. Miller, to take collections and sub- 
 scriptions to pay for it, "■provided, that it should not cost above $125 more than is now on 
 hand.' The Wisconsin Conference, in session at Marr street about the time of dedication, 
 appointed Rev. M. Himebaugh, an earnest, hardworking Pennsylvanian, to the Arndt Street 
 Station. He was its first Pastor, and remained one year. In 1853, Rev. W. Spell was 
 appointed to succeed him, remaining two years. In 1855, Rev. J. C. Robbins, a great 
 worker, took charge of the church and immediately began a revival, which resulted in 
 liberal accessions to the society. He was succeeded in 1857 by Rev. T. C. Golden, who took 
 charge just as Lower Town began to decline bv reason of the business portion of the city mov- 
 ing farther southward and the great decrease of lake commerce, consequent upon the new rail- 
 road to Oshkosh and other points. .These changes caused many church members to remove, 
 and made others unable to give as liberally as before, and before the end of his first year the 
 society was not self supporting, and he resigned. What there was left of his church thereafter 
 attended services at Marr street until 1859, when the Conference sent Rev. H. R. Colman, now 
 of Bay View, and brother of Hon. Elihu Colman, of Colman, Carter & Kent, to revive the society. 
 He preached one year, at the end of which, in 1860, the society joined with the Marr street 
 organization, and remained with it until the fall of 1866, when, a desire being expressed for a 
 separation and re-organization. Rev. M. D. Warner was appointed Pastor. Under his energetic 
 administration the church membership increased to such an extent that the edifice was incapable 
 of accommodating those who attended his services. In the spring of 1867, therefore, the old 
 building was sold to J. S. McDonald and others, of the Presbyterian Church, being moved by 
 them over the river, as before mentioned, and the present snug, durable and comely structure 
 commenced. The mill men and manufacturers took unusual interest in the erection of the 
 building, which is located on the corner of Cotton and Juneau streets, and to them the society is 
 largely indebted for their fine edifice. It was completed in 1868, and dedicated and occupied 
 in the same year. It is an exceedingly well-built brick structure, with tower, pleasant audi- 
 torium above and basement below, containing lecture-room, two classrooms and a prayer-room. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND I)V LAC COUNTY. 625 
 
 The total cost was about $15,000, of which $5,000 was unpaid at the dedication, and existed 
 in the form of chiims for labor and material by various parties. Some of these parties sued the 
 church, and, in Juno, 1869, the building was mortgaged to the Nortliwestern Insurance Company 
 and these claims were paid. The mortgage was for $4,000, at 8 per cent interest. It was paid 
 July 1, 1874, by popular subscription, and the organization is clear of all debt. As soon as 
 the debt was paid, the building was frescoed and beautified, and the lot well fenced, money to pay 
 for all being left from the subscription. 
 
 In 1868, Rev. John Hill was appointed Pastor, remaining one year. He was succeeded by 
 Rev. W. H. Windom, in 1869, two years ; Rev. George Fellows, in 1871, one year ; Rev. C. 
 R. Pattee, in 1872, one year ; Rev. J. T. Woodhead, in 1873, two years ; Rev. W. R Jones, 
 in 1875, one year ; Rev. John Faville, in 1876, one year; Rev. J. S. Davis, in 1877, one year; 
 Rev. C. D. Pillsbury, in 1878, one year, and Rev. W. D. Ames, in October, 1879, present 
 Pastor. 
 
 The records of the church do not show who were the first Trustees. The present Board of 
 Trustees consists of John C. Bishop, W. C. Ogden, 0. E. Pritchard, Austin H. Richardson, 
 Thomas Peep, William May, B. S. Gillet, F. F. Parsons and George S. Bryant. There has 
 always been a Sunday school connected with the church, which now, under John C. Bishop as 
 Superintendent, is a prosperous and profitable auxiliary in the work of the society. 
 
 Gei-man Methodist Episcopal Church. — On the 28th of October, 1854, the Quarterly 
 Conference of the German Fond du Lac Mission passed a resolution authorizing the erection of 
 a house of worship in Fond du Lac, and appointing Rev. H. Wiethorn and two others as a com- 
 mittee to secure a proper site. The matter was allowed to drop here, and nothing further was 
 done until 1857, when Rev. F. Kluckhohn purchased two lots on the corner of Wingate and 
 Merrill streets for the sum of $350. A wooden building was immediately thereafter erected at 
 a cost of $543. A debt of $75 which remained unpaid at that time grew afterward into a larger 
 sum, and the society became embarrassed. This financial difficulty was threatening the church 
 organization with disaster, when, in 1862, Robert A. Baker and Henry Hamilton came to the 
 rescue, and its aftairs are now on a safe foundation. The society numbers fifty-eight members, 
 and their church property is valued at $5,800. During the pastorate of the Rev. B. Becker, 
 the old church building was raised, bricked up, and a pleasant basement placed under it. The 
 parsonage, which is in the yard with the church edifice, and a pleasant house, was built while Rev. 
 H. Wegner was Pastor. The church has had the following Pastors, and in the order here writ- 
 ten : H. Wiethorn, F. Kluckhohn, F. W. Conrad, C. Wenz, H. Wegner, F. Gottschalk, C. 
 Eberhardt, C. Thalheim, Charles G. Becker, John Schnell, 1869-70 ; R. Schafer, 1870-71 ; 
 B. Becker, 1871-74; E. Fitzner, 1874-77 ; Charles Iwert, 1877-79; P. Rich, 1879-80. An 
 interesting Sunday school has always been maintained in connection with the church society. 
 
 African Methodist Episcopal Church. — The brick edifice belonging to the colore'! Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church, situated on the corner of River and Eleventh streets, was erected in 
 1867. The first Pastor was the Rev. S. Hutchinson ; second. Rev. W. A. Douglas ; third, Rev. 
 Moses Gale ; fourth, Rev. -James T. Nease ; fifth. Rev. J. W. White ; sixth and present Pastor, 
 Rev. Gardner Benson. The oSicers are, Van Spence, Samuel Anderson, Daniel Brown and 
 Robert Biggers. During any pastoral interregnum Daniel Brown fills the pulpit. The church 
 maintains a Sunday school, has regular services, sends delegates to the colored conventions, and 
 occasionally has religious revivals which are remarkable for the peculiar religious manifestations, 
 the earnestness of the members and the excellent singing. Several times during each year the 
 members give festivals for public patronage, the proceeds being devoted to the expenses of the 
 church. 
 
 Congregational Church. — The Congregational Church of Fond du Lac is one of the larg- 
 est and most flourishing Protestant religious organizations in the city. Its foundation was made 
 by Jerry Homiston, a farmer living three miles west of Fond du Lac, who gathered for relig- 
 ious worship whomsoever were inclined in that direction. The first meeting to found a church 
 was held July 19, 1846, in a schoolhouse located where May's Block now stands, on Main 
 
626 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 street, and nine persons joined the new organization. These were: Jerry Homiston and Mary,, 
 his wife; James Wright and Martha, his wife; William Carey and Polly Ann, his wife; Mrs. S. 
 S. N. Fuller, Mrs. Margaret Perry and Amanda Bannister. The Rev. Stephen Peet was pres- 
 ent to perfect the organization. William and Polly Ann Carey were the parents of Mr. E. A. 
 Carey, of Laughlin & Carey, and Mrs. Margaret Perry was mother to James B. and J. C, 
 Perry, of the First National Bank. Mr. and Mrs. Wright, who live about three miles south of 
 the city, are the only survivors of the original members of the church. 
 
 Mr. Homiston was chosen Deacon, and Mr. Wright, Clerk. They had no building and no 
 Pastor. Meetings and such services as they could themselves provide were held in the school- 
 house mentioned until autumn, when the Home Missionary Society sent Rev. L. C. Spafford to 
 take charge of the infant church. He continued services in the schoolhouse, although it was 
 moved to Fifth street, his little band having been, in December, 1846, increased by Deacon K. Gillet 
 and Hon. James M. Gillet and families — nine new members. In February, 1847, a move was 
 made for the erection of a church edifice. Dr. Mason C. Darling deeded to the church, with- 
 out cost, a lot on the corner of Marr and Second streets, on which a small, cheap building was 
 erected. This was soon after enlai'ged, but great scarcity of means made it impossible to ren- 
 der the building fit for occupancy until March, 1850, and, during several months thereafter, 
 benches, blocks and chairs took the place of permanent seats. The work of building this mod- 
 est edifice was done mostly by Rev. Spafford and the members, and the material, in the rough, 
 was donated by those who wore able. After the Court House was finished, and the old school- 
 house burned, services and meetings were held therein until the completion of the church edi- 
 fice, in 1850. 
 
 In July, 1853, Rev. Silas Hawley was called to take charge of the church, and continued 
 its Pastor four years, many new members joining during that time. In the early part of his 
 pastorate, Hon. J. M. Gillet, E. W. Drury and others withdrew to form the Presbyterian 
 Church, and later, in 1856, thirty-seven members withdrew and formed a separate organization, 
 called Plymouth Church. At this separation. Rev. Hawley resigned, and Rev. E. Brown filled 
 his place for six months, until Rev. W. A. Baldwin was secured. Mr. Baldwin preached two 
 years. In the meantime, a building committee, composed of Dr. T. S. Wright, Dr. M. C. 
 Darling and othei's, began the stone building now occupied as a grist-mill, on Forest street, for 
 a church edifice. The walls reached a height of fifteen feet when the division occurred, and the 
 building committee sold the half-finished church as best they could, to re-imburse themselves for 
 means advanced. 
 
 The Plymouth organization built a chapel on the corner of First and Macy streets, and, 
 under the pastorate of Rev. W. L. Mather, occupied it during four years, after which the two 
 oi'ganizations re-united, occupying the Plymouth Chapel. The old edifice was sold to the Free 
 Baptists, and is now occupied by them, on its first site, corner of Marr and Second streets. 
 When the two organizations re-nnited, Rev. R. H. Williamson was chosen Pastor, and con- 
 tinued in the pulpit four years. He was followed by Rev. C. W. Camp in July, 1863. The 
 chapel was becoming too small for the constantly increasing congregatioii, and, in 1865, a move- 
 ment was made to secure more commodious quarters. The result was the erection of the pres- 
 ent edifice, a handsome brick structure, located on the corner of Wingate and Sheboj'gan 
 streets. It was finished and dedicated in October, 1869. Its cost was $43,000, and its seating 
 capacity in the auditorium is about seven hundred. 
 
 In November, 1868, Rev. Arthur Little took charge of the organization, which finished the 
 church edifice and greatly thrived under his ministration. On occupying the new building, 
 Plymouth Chapel was sold to the Turners, and is now used by them, on Portland street. On 
 the lUth of July, 1870, the church celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of its organizatioa 
 with extended services, thanksgiving and historical papers and addresses. March 25, 1877, 
 100 persons, mostly young people, joined the church, as the result of a protracted meeting 
 managed by the Methodist and Congregational Churches. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 627 
 
 Early in 1878, Mr. Little was called to the New England Church, Chicago, and his resig- 
 nation was accepted, his place being soon after filled by E. M. Betts, the present Pastor. The 
 cluirch now consists of about four hundred members. Since Mr. Betts became its Pastor, the 
 church has liquidated the last of its mortgaged debt, and the splendid edifice is now 
 unencumbered. It is richly decorated, has fine stained-glass windows and is an ornament to 
 the city. 
 
 Rev. Spafford, the first Pastor, never received over .?400 per year salary, and generally not 
 so much, which was paid in everything, now and then a little cash included. A portion of even 
 this meager stipend was cheerfully expended for the feeble little church over whose affairs he 
 presided. Now the church pays a salary of $l,.500 per year, and the Pastor is granted annu- 
 ally a vacation of si.x weeks. The first Deacon was Jerry Homiston. The present Deacons are 
 Dr. E. L. Griffin, James Bass, Henry Hastings and James Sylvester. The Prudential Com- 
 mittee consists of tiiese four Deacons, and E. Delany, W. Wilkie, Mrs. Susan H. Lockwood 
 and Mrs. James Bass, including, also, the Sunday-scliool Superintendent. 0. C. Steinberg is 
 Superintendent of the Sunday school, a feature of the church services for old and young, 
 which has been maintained with great success from the earliest organization of the society, 
 though the first Sunday school was held jointly with the Methodists, in the old schoolhouse 
 in which the first religious services were held. The school now has about two hundred pupils, 
 and is prosperous, harmonious and pleasant. The first Pastor was Rev. L. C Spafford. After 
 him came Silas Hawley, four years ; E. Brown, six months ; W. A. Baldwin, two years ; 
 W. L. Mather (of the Plymouth organization), fjur years ; R. H. AVilliamson, four years ; 
 C. W. Camp, four years ; Arthur Little, nine and one-half years ; E. M. Betts, present 
 Pastor. 
 
 First Presbyterian Church. — Among the early settlers who located in the vicinity of what 
 is now the city of Fond du Lac, were some Congregationalists, and a few Presbyterians, the 
 former being the greater in number. These two parties united, and a Congregational church 
 was organized. They remained together until about the year 1854, when the Presbyterian 
 section of the united congregation decided to enter into an organization of their own more in 
 accordance Avith their ideas of a scriptural form of church government — which organization was 
 perfected at the house of D. R. Van Duyno, on February 26, A. D. 1855. Those who entered 
 into this organization were James Monroe Gillet and his wife, Emeline E. Gillet ; E. W. Drury 
 and his wife, Deborah Drury; D. R. Van Duyne and Phoebe Van Duyne, his wife; William 
 Jones and wife, Joseph S. Trigg and wife, Miss Brodie and Mrs. Smith. After the organiza- 
 tion was effected, a house of Avorship was to be provided, and a minister secured and supported. 
 Prayer-meetingj were at once commenced, and held at the residences of the members, and 
 preaching on Sabbath when a minister could be secured, these services being held at Darling's 
 Hall, and in the schoolhouse. These enterprising people were not contented to continue their 
 "worship in this manner, and soon commenced the arduous task of providing a house of worship. 
 But, in this case, when the subscription paper was circulated, there were only four men who were 
 in a position to subscribe. Mr. William Jones subscribed ^100, regretting that this amount was 
 all he could give. The balance was assumed by the other three, viz., Messrs. Drury, Gillet and 
 Van Duyne. The latter of these gentlemen was engaged in the manufacture of lumber in the 
 Wolf River pineries, and at once set about getting out the lumber. A building site was pur- 
 chased from John B. Macy, on Main street. 
 
 The lumber was brought from the north to the ground ; but, on its arrival, it was found to 
 be too light for the purpose. Another bill of lumber was then furnished, and, upon investiga- 
 tion, it was found that one of the timbers for the tower was defective. Mr. Van Duyne, there- 
 fore, took an ox team, went to the woods, and, with the permission of the owner, cut and pre- 
 pared a large tree, and hauled it to its place. Mr. McGinnis, the carpenter, and Messrs. Gillet 
 and Van Duyne were the principal ones in raising the building. The entire cost of ground and 
 building was §7,000, which amount was all paid by Messrs. Drury, Gillet and Van Duyne, 
 
628 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 excepting the $100 paid by Mr. Jones. Previous to the erection of the building, the organiza- 
 tion of the church was eilected, as taken from the church records as follows, viz.: 
 
 Be it rememhered, that on the twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 
 hundred and tifty-six, pursuant to previous requests made, and notices given, in accordance with the rules, regula- 
 tions and usages of the Presbyterian Church, the following persons, having received letters of dismission in the usual 
 form unanimously granted to them by the First Congregational Church of the city of Fond du Lac, were duly organ- 
 ized into a Church of Clirist by the Rev. Henry M. Robertson, Chairman of the Committee of the Winnebago Pres- 
 bytery, duly appointed for that purpose. Said church, by vote, adopted the name of the First Presbyterian Church 
 of the city of Fond du Lac, and also itdopted the Westminster Confession of Faith as the articles of faith of said 
 churcli. 
 
 After the organization of the church, three ruling Elders were elected by ballot, D. R. 
 Van Duyne, Joseph S. Trigg and Erastus W. Drury. 
 
 Rev. Reuben Frame, who had preached in the city for two Sabbaths, was invited to become 
 the first Pastor, at a salary of $700 per annum. 
 
 Rev. Reuben Frame commenced his labors on the 1st day of April, 1855, and preached 
 his first sermon in Darling's Hall. On the 8th of April, 1855, Daniel R. Van Duyne, Joseph 
 S. Trigg and Erastus W. Drury were ordained by Rev. Reuben Frame as Ruling Elders of the 
 church. Mr. Frame continued his services from the 1st day of April, 1855, until February, 
 1858, when his connection was severed, and the church was closed from that time until the 1st 
 day of April, 1860, when the services of H. M. Robertson were secured. The membership of 
 the church at the time of Rev. Mr. Frame's leaving had reached forty-six communicants. On 
 September 12, 1861, the members of the church convened for the purpose of electing 
 additional Ruling Elders. William Dobie and Dr. A. L. Hoyt were unanimously elected. On 
 September 27, 1861, these were duly ordained. 
 
 The church building remained on the corner of Main and Rees streets until 1865. The 
 city having grown toward the south instead of to the north, as had been anticipated when the 
 church was built, the society found they were laboring under a great disadvantage, and there- 
 fore decided to move the building to the corner of Sheboygan and Wingate streets. Before 
 moving, it was found that the title of the building was not held by the congregation, it having 
 been built by individuals, as before stated. In view of business complications which had arisen, 
 the interest held by one of the parties having passed out of his hands, the Trustees bought that 
 one-third interest. They also bought the one-third interest of E. W. Drury, by exchanging 
 the land on which the building then stood for it. The other one-third interest was owned by 
 James M. Gillet, who, when asked by the Trustees what he would do, said, " the church was 
 built with a view of donating it to the congregation, and he stood ready to do as he had 
 originally intended," and then and there did it. Although what he deeded to the society had 
 cost about $2,300, Mr. Gillet paid his full share of the expense of moving and re-fitting the 
 church edifice upon its new location. Upon the first Sabbath of December, 1865, the congre- 
 gation worshiped in the building situated on the location where it now stands. To aid in mov- 
 ing the building, Mr. Robertson subscribed $100, which was afterward remitted to him. 
 
 September 26, 1866, owing to ill health, Mr. Robertson resigned. He commenced his 
 labors at a salary of $700 per annum, $400 of which was paid by the Board of Home 
 Missions. During the year 1864, it was decided by the Trustees, on motion of J. S. McDon- 
 ald and C. J. Pettibone, that the congregation become self-sustaining. After this, the congre- 
 gation prospered and increaseil in numbers to such an extent that the minister's salary was 
 raised to the sum of $1,200, thereby raising the amount paid by the congregation to $900. 
 
 At a meeting of the members of the church at Empire, held at the house of A. 
 S. Wilson July 1, 1867, it was resolved that the remaining members of that church take their 
 original letters and unite with the Presbyterian Church in Fond du Lac. These members were 
 received into this church October 5, 1867. 
 
 During the ministry of Mr. Robertson with this congregation, ninety-six persons were 
 added to its roll of communicants, and the Sabbath school numbered 150 members. 
 
HISTOKY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 62& 
 
 During November, 1866, a legacy of $1,000 was left the church by William B. Brand, 
 one of its honored and efficient members, whose death occurred a short time previously. At a 
 meeting of the Trustees, November 13, 1866, held at the office of James M. Gillet, it was 
 '■^Resolved, That the Board tenders hereby its grateful remembrances to Mrs. Brand, with our 
 hearty acknowledgments for the generous gift of her late husband, William Bradley Brand, 
 Esq., in whose death our society has lost one of its most ardent friends and liberal supporters, 
 and we have lost a kind neighbor, a good citizen and a generous friend." 
 
 At a meeting of the congregation, on the 20th day of November, 1866, the Rev. T. G. 
 Smith was unanimously elected, and was soon after installed as Pastor. 
 
 At a meeting held at the office of J. M. Gillet, May 21, 1867, it was decided to purchase, 
 for a parsonage, the residence owned and occupied by Dr. T. J. Patchen, situated on First 
 street, for the sum of $4,000 ; which purchase was effected. This property was kept and used 
 as a parsonage until April, 1872, when it was sold, inasmuch as the Pastor, Rev. T. G. Smith, 
 had built and was occupying a house of his own. 
 
 An election of Elders occurred on March 25, 1869, at which C. W. Pinkham, Hugh 
 McDonald and P. C. Macomber were elected additional Elders. At the same time there were 
 also elected Deacons, Alexander Stewart and Alexander Mason, all of whom were ordained 
 April 11, 1869. 
 
 During the spring of 1869, it was decided to enlarge the church building in accordance 
 with plans presented by J. M. Gillet. During August, 1869, the contract for such enlargement 
 was let to Mr. Phoenix, for the sum of $2,200, to include all expenses of labor and mate- 
 rial. When the work was completed, and the contractor had been paid, the congregation 
 learned that the mechanics had not been paid, and that a large portion of the material had not 
 been paid for by the contractor. Therefore it was decided to pay all bills presented for material 
 and labor, although the church was not legally bound to such payment. 
 
 The plan pursued for raising funds for defraying the necessary expenses of the church had 
 been by the system of pew rents. 
 
 On December 10, 1872, it was resolved that for one year after January 1, 1873, the 
 collecting of pew rents be suspended. 
 
 At a meeting of the congregation on December 15, 1872, a statement was made of the 
 financial condition of the church, and all delinquencies were paid, thereby leaving the church 
 free from debt. This system of raising money has been in successful operation to the present 
 time. Rev. T. G. Smith continued his services as Pastor until April, 1874. A few weeks pre- 
 vious to this time, however, Mr. Smith handed in his resignation, having received a call from 
 Kingston, Canada. The congregation reluctantly received the same and referred it to the Pres- 
 bytery, who declined to grant his release. A few weeks later, this call from Kingston was 
 renewed, and the Presbytery granted the request. The church had received into its member- 
 ship, during Mr. Smith's ministry, 161 members. 
 
 The church being without a Pastor, a meeting of the church and congregation was held 
 April 13, 1874, when it was voted to elect Rev. T. C. Kirkwood as Pastor, at a salary of $1,600 
 per year. 
 
 At a meeting of the congregation held in the church June 18, 1874, C. W. Pinkham, P. 
 C. Macomber and Hugh McDonald were re-elected Elders. Alexander Mason and Alexander 
 Stewart were re-elected Deacons, and Robert Powrie and Robert Hoffman were elected as addi- 
 tional Deacons. 
 
 At a congregational meeting held June 7, 1876, John S. McDonald and C. Vallette Pet- 
 tibone were elected additional Elders for a term of five years. 
 
 Mr. Kirkwood commenced his labors in June, and remained as Pastor until the fall of 1878, 
 when his resignation was given to the congregation, and, at his own request, accepted. 
 
 During the fall and winter of 1876-77, it was decided to hold revival meetings in the 
 Mission Chapel, which were continued ten weeks, then transferred to the church building, and 
 continued four weeks. As a result, there were received into the church 100 persons. The 
 
630 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 whole number received into its membership during Mr. Kirkwood's ministry was IGl. After 
 the resignation of Mr. Kirkwood, the pulpit remained vacant one year. Regular services were 
 held during this interval by temporary supplies. October 20, 1879, Rev. Donald Ross, by invi- 
 tation of the Session, came to supply the pulpit, and is now residing with this people. 
 
 The music of the church was placed in the hands of Dr. A. L. Hoyt in September, 
 1860. From that time until January 21, 1870, it remained under his management, and at a 
 meeting held by the Session July 9, 1869, the following resolution was passed: 
 
 R'soloed, That we gladly embrace this opportunity to express our deep sense of obligation to Dr. Hoyt and 
 all the members of the clioir for their untiring devotion to the interests of the churcli, and for the able and faithful 
 manner in which they have discharged these duties for a long period of years. 
 
 Many of those who have been so actively and intimately associated with the history of this 
 church have been called to the Elysian Fields. In this connection could be mentioned scores 
 of names; but prominent among those who have served in an official capacity is John E. Pea- 
 body. It was during his superintendency that the Hope Mission Sabbath School was organized, 
 which enterprise has proved such a blessing to the community as well as church, to which it 
 has long been attached. He removed to San Francisco, Cal., whence both himself and wife 
 were called to the better land. Of those who were active and efficient in this connection was 
 B. S. Patty. He was one of the Trustees for years, and none was more ready to render 
 assistance, nor more hospitable toward its members. He was called away by death January 28, 
 1871. From the organization of this cliurch to the time of his death, J. M. Gillet was one of 
 the few men to give liberally of time, means and counsel. During the infancy of the church, 
 he was ever ready to aid, and never swerved from his original purpose to do all in his power to 
 complete the great work of establishing the church upon a firm basis. In consequence of his 
 energy, his health was undermined, and he was prematurely called away. " Though dead, he 
 jet speaketh" in the works which follow him. 
 
 The Trustees have been as follows : E. W. Drury, J. E. Peabody, C. J. Pettibone, J. S. 
 McDonald, 0. W. Benney, J. M. Gillet, L. A. Griswold, B. S. Patty, C. S. Hamilton, Alex- 
 ander McDonald, E. N. Foster, Alexander Wisnom, Alexander Stewart, Allan Carswell, Frank 
 Taylor, John Mills. 
 
 The church has always maintained a Sabbath school. Its average attendance is 200. 
 The Superintendents have been E. W. Drury (who was the first), A. L. Hoyt, C. J. Pettibone, 
 John S. McDonald. 
 
 Hope Mission was established by the Presbyterian church in 1864. John S. McDonald 
 owned the old Arndt M. E. Church building, and gave it to the Presbyterians for mission pur- 
 poses, and B. F. Moore gave the two lots, on which the building now stands, for a site, on con- 
 dition that the school be continued during ten years. It has been a successful school for sixteen 
 years, and Mr. Moore gave a deed of the lots, as promised. It is in a remote part of the city, 
 on the west side of the river, where churches are not easily accessible. It now has a regular 
 attendance of 120. The Superintendents have been, J. E. Peabody, C. E. Hill, C. V. Petti- 
 bone (who served ten years), W. H. Williams and John Benton. 
 
 St. Paul's Cathedral. — St. Paul's Episcopal Church was organized at the Court House, in 
 the village of Fond du Lac, by the Rev. Joshua Sweet, September 3, 1848. The first members 
 were: N. P. Tallmadge, jjx-United States Senator from New York, and ex-Governor of Wiscon- 
 sin ; A. W. Stow, Chief Justice of Wisconsin ; Lieut. Gov. Samuel W. Beall, Gen. George D. 
 Ruggles, George McWilliams, Charles Doty (Gov. Doty's son), Charles Stevens, A. L. Williams, 
 Nathaniel Waterbury, and A. G. Ruggles, now President of the First National Bank. The first 
 Rector was Rev. Joshua Sweet, and services were held in the Court House. The first officers were 
 chosen September 4, 1848, and consisted of John Hamilton and Newell Case, Wardens ; and N. P. 
 Tallmadge, George McWilliams, A. D. Bonesteel, S. W. Beall, George D. Ruggles, Carson Graham, 
 Nathaniel Waterbury and A. G. Ruggles, Vestrymen. On the 8th of December, 1849, a meeting 
 was held to take steps toward erecting a church edifice, and, February 12, 1850, it was resolved to 
 build after plans furnished by Mr. Wyatt, of Milwaukee, on lots donated by John B. Macy, on the 
 
^^c ^ 
 
 '^ 
 
 FOND DU LAC 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 633 
 
 corner of Follet and Bannister streets. Rer. Joshua Sweet and Carson Graham were appointed a 
 committee to solicit and take subscriptions to defray the expenses of building. Rev. Homer 
 Wheaton, of Lithgovv, N. Y., and N. P. Tallraadge, of Fond du Lac, brothers-in-law, gave the 
 largest sums, Rev. Wheaton's donation being $500. April 15, 1850, a building committee, con- 
 sisting of A. D. Bonesteel, Carson Graham and Nathaniel Waterbury, was appointed, and the 
 church edifice was begun on the corner of Follet and Bannister streets, on lots donated by John 
 B. Macy. July 12, 1850, the church rented a hall in Darling's Block, for the use of the con- 
 gregation. March 14, 1852, the first services were held in the new edifice, the tower of which 
 had been donated and erected by M. J. Thomas and Thomas McDonough. There was a portion 
 of the building expenses unpaid, and. May 24, 1852, a mortgage of $300, at 12 per cent interest, 
 was executed to Thomas McDonough, to "pay in full the contract with Mr. Barber," the 
 builder. The building, which is standing yet, and in occasional use, is 30x50 feet, and will seat 
 200 persons. The mortgage was soon paid, as the building could not otherwise be consecrated, 
 and, July 18, 1852, the consecratory ceremony was performed. On August 24, of the same 
 year. Rev. Joshua Sweet tendered his resignation on account of ill health, which was accepted 
 October 26, 1863. 
 
 On the 26th of June, 1854, a call was extended to Rev. George B. Eastman, of Brownville, 
 Jefferson Co., N. Y., to become Rector, which he accepted, coming to Fond du Lac immediately, 
 where he still resides, though not engaged in active work. 
 
 During the rectorship of the Rev. George B. Eastman, arrangements were made for the 
 erection of a new church building of stone, on the corner of Division and Sophia streets. The 
 lots were given by Robert A. Baker, and three additional lots were subsequently bought by the 
 corporation. A Gothic church, after plans of Lloyd, of Detroit, was begun and partially finished, 
 the woodwork in the interior being of solid oak, and the workmanship thorough in every par- 
 ticular. The tower was carried up to the base of the spire, and temporarily capped. The total 
 cost of the building was about $20,000. 
 
 'In 1866, Mr. Eastman resigned, and his place was temporarily filled bj the Rev. Mr. 
 Davenport and Rev. Hugh Miller Thompson. In January, 1868, the Rev. Hiram W. Beers, of 
 Chicago, accepted the rectorship, and remained three years, being succeeded, in 1871, by 
 the Rev. William Dafter, now of Oconto, Wis., and in May, 1875, by the Rev. John Townsend, 
 of Albany, N. Y. The Diocese of Wisconsin, which formerly embraced the whole State of 
 Wisconsin, had become so unwieldy, that in 1874 a new diocese was erected, consisting of the 
 twenty northeastern counties of the State, under the title of the Diocese of Fond du Lac. The 
 Rt. Rev. J. H. Hobart Brown, S. T. D., was consecrated the first Bishop December 15, 1875. 
 
 Promptly on coming to this diocese, the Rector and Vestry of St. Paul's Church at Fond 
 du Lac offered the realty belonging to the corporation to the Bishop for cathedral purposes, and 
 all the owners of pews deeded their rights to the Bishop, that the cathedral might be forever 
 free. After a year's consideration, the Bishop accepted the proposition, and, on the feast of the 
 Conversion of Saint Paul, January 25, 1876, took formal possession of the property, and insti- 
 tuted St. Paul's Cathedral. A temporary organization was effected, to I'emain in force until 
 the Cathedral shall be completed and consecrated. The plan contemplates a chapter composed 
 of the Bishop, eight canons and eight laymen, to whom all the interest of the Cathedral shall 
 be committed. The Rev. John Townsend became the Dean of the Cathedral in 1876, and 
 resigned in May, 1877. The Canons in office at present are the Rev. F. S. Jewell, Ph. D., and 
 the Rev. N. D. Stanley. 
 
 During the rectorship of the Rev. H. W. Beers, a schoolhouse capable of accommodating 
 300 pupils was erected on the Cathedral grounds, at a cost of about $10,000. Soon after the 
 institution of the Cathedral, a corporation was formed and a charter obtained to enlarge the 
 scope of educational work, and to give the school a diocesan character. The following were the 
 first Trustees: The Rt. Rev. J. H. Hobart Brown, S. T. D., President ex officio ; Rev. F. S. 
 Jewell, Ph. D., Vice President ; Charles A. Galloway, Fond du Lac, Secretary ; Hannibal Wood- 
 worth, Fond du Lac, Treasurer; Rev. F. R. Half, Oshkosh ; Rev. Fayette Durlin, Ripon ; William 
 
 s 
 
634 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Dafter, Oconto ; Rev. R. W. Blow, Sheboygan ; Rev. W. E. Wright, Waupun ; Rev. M. V, 
 Averill, Manitowoc ; Rev. George Vernoi-, Appleton ; Rev. James A. Upjohn, Plymouth ; 
 Rev. George A. Whitney, De Pare ; Rev. G. W. Harrod, Green Bay ; Messrs. Charles J. L. 
 Meyer, Fond du Lac; August G. Ruggles, Fond du Lac ; Timothy F. Strong, Fond du Lac ; 
 James B. Perry, Fond du Lac ; James Jenkins, Oshkosh ; George Gary, Oshkosh ; E. L. 
 Browne, Waupaca ; George L. Field, Ripon ; H. D. McCulloch, Stevens Point ; R. W. Welles, 
 Waupun. 
 
 The school has been opened with about sixty pupils in attendance, in charge of three 
 teachers. 
 
 St. Joseph's Church. — The present St. Joseph's Church stands on the site of the first 
 Catholic chapel erected in Fond du Lac, corner of Marr and Second streets. From it, in the 
 course of time, have gone forth, by successive divisions, all the other Catholic congregations of the 
 city, arising from the rapid increase of the Catholic population. Rev. F. X. Bonduel, one of 
 the first missionaries of Wisconsin, attended to the wants of the Catholics here prior to the year 
 1847, in which year he erected a small chapel which was named St. Louis Church. At this 
 time, that small house of worship was amply large to accommodate the Catholics of all nation- 
 alities. Rev. C. Rehrl, at present at Barton, Wis., succeeded Father Bonduel, and was the first 
 resident Pastor stationed here. He attended numerous missions, not only in Fond du Lac, but 
 in all the surrounding counties. In 1850, Rev. E. A. Godfert assumed charge of the St. Louis 
 Church, and remained its permanent Pastor till July, 1853. He was succeeded by Rev. L. Dael, 
 who enlarged the church and built a pastoral residence. 
 
 About this time the congregation became too numerous to be accommodated in one church 
 edifice. A part, therefore, separated, and selected the present site of St. Patrick's Church for a 
 new house of worship. The foundation of this new ediSce was laid in 1855. 
 
 In June, 1860, Rev. L. Dael was succeeded by Rev. Perrodin, in the charge of the St. Louis 
 Church, the Germans, French and a portion of the English-speaking Catholics still worshiping 
 there. During the pastorate of Rev. Perrodin St. Patrick's congregation was given over to the 
 charge of Rev. James Colton, the present Pastor, who completed the building, a very large one 
 of stone, and erected a pastoral residence, at No. 7 East Follet street. 
 
 Notwithstanding two additions which had been made to the old St. Louis Church, and the 
 withdrawal of St. Patrick's congregation, the building was soon found too small to accommodate 
 the remaining Catholics, so, in 1866, the German portion of the community separated, and laid 
 the foundation of St. Mary's Church, a large wooden structure, at No. 15 Merrill street. 
 
 The last division took place in 1871, when the French resolved to erect a church in which 
 their own language would be spoken. Rev. Father Perrodin was, therefore, appointed to the 
 task of erecting this new edifice and placed in charge of the French congregation, the title St. 
 Louis being transferred to that parish. Rev. G. Willard, in 1871, assumed charge of the 
 mother parish, which was from this time called St. Joseph's. He laid the corner-stone of the 
 present structure in 1874, and officiated as Pastor till February of 1879, when he was succeeded 
 by Rev. Joseph J. Keenan, the present Pastor. St. Joseph's Church will be, when completed, 
 the largest and most imposing church edifice in the city ; its length is 135 feet, width 75 feet, 
 the tower is to be 216 feet high. Work upon this building will be resumed as soon as the pres- 
 ent indebtedness has been paid off. 
 
 St. Louis Catholic Church. — Early in 1871, the French Catholics separated from the Irish 
 congregation, and began, under Rev. John C. Perrodin, the large stone structure for a church, 
 which stands on the corner of Follet and Bannister streets, opposite the old St. Paul's Episcopal 
 Church. The cost of the building thus far has been §25,000, and the tower and spires are yet 
 unfinished. It is 65x120 feet, the main room being 30 feet in height. Father Perrodin died- 
 June 9, 1873, and was succeeded, June 22, by Rev. E. Maseau. Father Maseau resigned Octo- 
 ber 1, 1874, and was succeeded by Father Louis Dael, who built the priest's house, a fine two- 
 story brick structure, located near the church, at a cost of $4,000, and dedicated the church in 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 635 
 
 November, 1874. Father Dael died March 6, 1879, and was succeeded by Rev. Oliver Comp- 
 tois, the present Pastor, June 22, 1879. Although in debt, the church is now prospering. 
 In the fall of 1879, Father Comptois organized a parish school at which French and English are 
 taught, and which is also prospering. This church has the oldest church bell in the city. It 
 was bought in 1864 by Father Perrodin, at Troy, N. Y., and cost $6-37.48. Its weight is'l,020 
 pounds. It is held in high esteem by the members on account of Father Perrodin's connection 
 with it. 
 
 The first Trustees of St. Louis Church were Michael Baltazare, Leander Landermann and 
 Michael Pariseau. 
 
 First Baptist Church. — The first Baptist organization in this jurisdiction was the one at 
 Fond du Lac. The second was at Waupun. May 21, 1845, eight persons residing at Fond du 
 Lac and vicinity, who believed in the doctrines of the Baptist Church, organized themselves 
 into a church society. Their first Pastor was Rev. H. Hovey. The church edifice now used 
 by this society, on the corner of Forest and Union streets, was erected in 1853, for $3,000 ; is 
 the most pleasantly situated of any in the city, and has been continuously used by the same 
 denomination and society longer than any other church edifice in Fond du Lac. In 1877, the 
 building, which is of wood, was enlarged and repaired, and is now a comfortable and cheerful 
 place of worship. Rev. F. A. Marsh is Paster, with a membership of about one hundred. 
 
 Free Baptist Church. — The Free Baptist Church society was organized May 31, 1869, 
 the first Pastor being Rev. Rufus Clark. The first officers were: Daniel Roberts, C. A. Rider, 
 G. B. Carpenter, E. A. Randall and S. L. Brasted, Trustees ; S. L. Brasted, Secretary and 
 Treasurer. The society purchased the wooden building corner of Marr and Second streets, 
 which was built by the Congregationalists, of the German laitheran society, for $1,100, and 
 immediately thereafter expended $600 for enlarging and improving it. The building now is in 
 comfortable condition, is 30x60 feet in size, and has a debt of $900. The second Pastor was 
 Rev. 0. H. True ; third, Rev. A. B. Taylor ; fourth. Rev. T. S. Roberts, and fifth. Rev. W. 
 C. Hulce. The church is now without a regular pastor, although services continue to be held. 
 
 The present officers are: C. A. Rider, Nathan Main, T. A. Root, D. W. Smith and Will- 
 iam Crawford, Trustees ; D. W. Smith, Secretary. A Sunday school is maintained in connec- 
 tion with the church organization. 
 
 German Evangelical Church. — Salem's Church, a branch of the Evangelical Church of 
 North America, was organized in 1865, by H. Altpass, E. Weise, H. Friederich, A. Zahn, G. 
 Guell, F. Rhoening, W. Dehnert, J. Felter, J. Smith and W. Treder. Their church building 
 is the one built by the Methodists on the corner of Marr and Third streets, in 1851-52, of 
 whom it was purchased in 1865, for $2,700. Kev. J. T. Viel was their Pastor, and the society 
 embraced sixty members. In 1867, Rev. Viel was removed and Rev. William Horn appointed 
 to fill his place. He remained two years, and was succeeded by Rev. A. Huelster in 1869, and 
 Rev. A. Tarnutzer in 1871. In 1874, $800 was expended in improving and repairing the 
 church building, the society then numbering eighty members. In 1875, Rev. A. Tarnutzer was 
 succeeded by Rev. J. L. Runkel, who remained until 1878, when he was removed, and Rev. J. 
 Schneller, the present Pastor, appointed to the charge. The congregation now numbers fifty- 
 four families and one hundred and fifteen members, these numbers being constantly on the 
 increase, although old members very frequently move to other cities. The church property, 
 which was improved during the summer of 1879, is valued at $3,000, and consists of the 
 church, a wing for a parsonage, and a small but comfortable building for the parish school, 
 taught by the Pastor. This school is attended by forty-five scholars. One of the very promi- 
 nent features of this church is its large Sunday school, in which old and young take a 
 deep interest. It has a regular attendance of 110, and every Christmas indulges in an 
 elaborate festival. The officers of the church are: Herman Friederich, President; W. Rhoen- 
 ing, Vice President ; William Dehnert, Secretary ; E. Weise, Treasurer, and F. Mund, 
 Librarian. 
 
636 HISTORY OF FOND DI" LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Salem's Evangelical Church. — In order to be distinguished from the other church of the 
 same name in Fond du Lac, this may be called Salem's Evangelical Church No. 2. It was 
 organized October 11, 18G9, the first members being Phillip Brocker, William Luling, C. A. 
 Fuerstnow, Martin Sasse, B. De Sombre, C. G. Reichman, Charles Blankenburg, A. Soil and 
 Franz Werner. The first Pastor was Rev. C. F. Off; and the first officers Martin Sasse, C. 
 Blankenburg and William Luling. The building, which stands on the corner of Military and 
 Ruggles sti'eets, was finished in 1870 ; is 38x80 feet, with basement below and auditorium 
 above, and cost $13,000, site included. It was built mostly by Phillip Brocker, who gave most 
 of the brick of which it was constructed, C. Blankenburg and Martin Sasse. The present 
 Pastor is Rev. II. Buehrig, and his congregation numbers forty-six members. The building is 
 one of the most substantial in the city of its class, and is owned entirely by the church society. 
 
 The First Universalist Church. — The first meeting to form the Universalist society was 
 held in Music Hall, corner of Division and Main streets, March 20, 1871. This meeting made 
 Andrew Steveley, Dr. Terah J. Patchen, Elijah Hawkins, D. W. C. Priest and Orin Hatch, a 
 Board of Directors to act authoritatively in perfecting the organization according to law. On 
 the 8th of June, 1871, the Board made a contract with Rev. A. C. Barry to preach one year 
 for $1,000 and a vacation of eight weeks. The services were held in Music Hall, which was 
 rented for the purpose. The first officers were : T. J. Patchen, Moderator ; D. W. C. Priest, 
 Clerk ; Q. M. Olcott, Treasurer ; Jesse Beckley, Andrew Steveley, Orin Hatch, E. M. May 
 and David Howland, Standing Committee for the year. May 20, 1872, this Committee 
 adopted plans for a church made by T. H. Green, of Fond du Lac, and, on July 11 of the 
 same year, let the contract for the building which now stands on East Division street, and 
 which is occupied by the Red Ribbon Association, to C. A. Ryder, for $2,647, on condition 
 that the structure should be finished and ready for occupancy by September 1. The 
 building was called Universalist Chapel, and was dedicated November 4, 1872. Dr. Barry, 
 the Pastor, loaned a large sum to clear the church of debt, and took the notes of his parish- 
 ioner.s for security. He was the first and last regular Pastor, the church having been without 
 regular services since his resignation. During 1879, E. N. Foster, who now owns the building, 
 remodeled it for the use of the Red Ribbon Association, which has exclusive control of it, with 
 the privilege of purchasing. The first members of the Universalist Church were T. J. 
 Patchen, il. M. Olcott, Andrew Steveley, J. Beckley, L. R. Lewis, Q. M. Olcott, 0. E. Wil- 
 kins, Mrs. Dr. Patchen, J. A. Chitterling, John V. Frost, J. Euderailler, E. M. May, A. H. 
 Raymond, Joseph Olmsted, David Howland, Elijah Hawkins, U. D. Mihills, Orin Hatch, G. 
 W. Carpenter, L. F. Stowe and their fiimilies. 
 
 German Evangelical Lutheran Church. — This flourishing church organization has a fine 
 'brick church edifice and parsonnge on the corner of First and Marr streets. The church was 
 erected in 1869, and is one of the substantial edifices of the city. The membership, which is 
 constantly increasing, now embraces 175 families. In 1878, a fine pipe organ, built at Mil- 
 waukee, was added to the church furniture, at a cost of something over $1,000. The real 
 estate belonging to this church extends from First to Second street, and on the Second street 
 front is a two-story wooden schoolhouse, at which 200 children attend. It is supported by this 
 church organization, and is a thorough and comprehensive institution of learning. The 
 teachers are Rudolph P'ritzke and Charles Brenner. The Pastor is Rev. Phillip Hoelzel, who 
 took charge in 1877. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 The Exchange Bank. — In the early part of 1849, Dr. Mason C. Darling and Keyes A. 
 Darling, his son, opened a private bank in the second story of Darling's Block, as it now stands. 
 Before this Dr. Darling had kept an office in his residence — first in the log house built where 
 Darling's Block now stands on Main street ; afterward in his residence on Macy street, near to 
 and just south of the location of the present post office: in 1847, in a building which he pur- 
 chased of S. S. N. Fuller, located where D. R. Curran's old store. No. 529 Main street, now 
 stands, and soon afterward in the building now called Darling's Block. This office was mostly 
 
HISTOKY OF FOND I)U I.AC COUNTY. 637 
 
 for the entry of land and payment of taxes, although he occasionally bought exchange. This 
 new firm did but little real banking business at first, but carried on a large business in land war- 
 rants, real estate and collecting. In the latter part of May, 1851, Dr. T. S. Wright, now a 
 practicing physician of Fond du Lac, purchased M. C. Darling's interest in the concern, and 
 the bank was organized as the Exchange Bank, by Darling, Wright & Co. The "company" 
 was John Warner, Dr. AVright's fither-in-law, who furnished some of the means on which the 
 business depended. The business of the new firm was transacted at the old stand until a tem- 
 porary building of wood could be erected where Wells' Bank now stands, corner of Main and First 
 streets, on land owned by K. A. Darling. Mr. Darling, immediately after finishing this tempo- 
 rary structure, built the stone block which now stands next to Wells' Bank, occupied by Coff- 
 man's meat market. This he rented to the firm until he could build more especially for the 
 business, the stone building next to it on the coi-ner, now occupied by Wells' bank. The wooden 
 building first used by the bank had no good safe, and on the occasion of a fire near by, January 
 19, 1852, which threatened to destroy it, Dr. Wright entered the limestone vault and filled 
 his pockets with bills, after which he went out to fight the flames. His coat pockets alone 
 contained $20,000. He lost none of the money, however, and the bank building did not burn. 
 During five years after 1852, the Exchange Bank had the contract to carry the government 
 money from the land office at Green Bay, afterward moved to Menasha, to Chicago. The trip 
 had to be made once each month, or oftener if $20,000 was accumulated. The money was 
 usually gold and was locked in an oaken box large enough to hold $20,000. This box was 
 put by Dr. Wright, (who generally made the trip), in a meal bag, aad placed under the seat of 
 the stage coach, no one but himself being aware of its contents. 
 
 In 1852, Darling & Wright engaged A. G. Ruggles, who had been a bank clerk in Pough- 
 keepsie, N. Y., to copy some accounts and straighten out others, at $1 per day for a month. 
 The bank was then in the wooden building just mentioned, on posts, and did not have a first-class 
 vault or safe, being only a temporary affair. To guard the building, Darling & Wright kept a large, 
 reddish dog, half Indian and half Newfoundland, and generally covered with fleas. He was always 
 kept in the building, as he was considered too valuable to lose and was sure to run away if let loose. 
 Fleas were active in those days, as were banking and real estate, and the dog put in a large share 
 of his time in scratching them. Every time he did this it would set the whole building into a 
 flutter, and everybody had to suspend operations until the dog had mastered that particular 
 flea. This was a source of much amusement to incomers as well as of great annoyance to 
 those connected with the bank, as many a blot and illegible, scattering scrawl on the old books 
 bear evidence to this day. 
 
 Darling, Wright & Co. took advantage of the State law of 1852, which provided for the 
 emission of bills, soon after its adoption. The capital stock was $75,000, and the amount of bills 
 issued nearly as great. In May, 1860, Dr. Wright withdrew from tiie firm, and the business 
 was then carried on by Keyes A. Darling. The circulation was called in after the passage of 
 the National Banking Act in 1862, but the bank continued to do a banking business until May 
 11, 1868, when it failed with disaster alike to itself and its patrons. Mr. Darling had made 
 many injudicious loans when the Exchange was a bank of issue, and, in re-organizing to continue 
 business after his circulation was called in, burdened his aff'airs with the old debts. On Friday, 
 May 8, 1868, Mr. Darling left Fond du Lac, his clerk said, to get some money at Chicago. On 
 Saturday, the following day, more drafts were presented than could be paid, and the bank was 
 quietly closed. That it was bankrupt, however, did not become generally known until the fol- 
 lowing Monday. Mr. Darling never returned to Fond du Lac. The bank owed $30,000, and 
 it was thought at first that its assets would aggregate $20,000. The creditors petitioned the 
 Bankruptcy Court to have Selim Newton appointed assignee of the bank, and it was done, 
 Harvey Durand, Deputy United States Marshal, being placed in charge of the oflfice, books and 
 papers. The bank fixtures and other property were sold by order of the court, but the creditors 
 realized only a small amount of what was due them. Mr. Darling is now in Colorado, and a 
 poor man. 
 
f)38 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The Bank of Fond du Lac. — The early records of this institution have been lost. Its pro- 
 prietors were the founders of the first real banking institution in Fond du Lac — that is, were 
 first to organize under the State banking law. In August, 18.52, McRae & Bell, of Milwaukee 
 (Augustus L. McRae and William J. Bell), purchased of E. Doolan the land situated on the 
 northwest corner of Main and Division streets, and began, immediately thereafter, the erection 
 of the low, round-cornered building, of stone, which now stands thereon. Hearing that other 
 parties were arranging to begin the business of issuing bills in Fond du Lac, and being desirous 
 of having the prestige of starting first, Mr. A. G. Butler was sent to the city to open an olBce 
 before the bank building was finished, which he did in the wooden building located on the oppo- 
 site corner (of Main and Division streets), built by John B. Macy for an oSice. This was 
 known as McRae, Bell & Butler's Bank, and was continued as such until the institution was 
 organized under and according to the State law, in 1853, as the Bank of Fond du Lac. Its 
 capital stock was to be $2.5,000, although business was at first begun with a much smaller 
 amount. The stockholders of the re-organized bank were George McWilliams, James Ewen 
 and Lyman Phillips, Fond du Lac, and 0. P. Chandler, of Vermont. A. G. Butler was Pres- 
 ident, and Charles W. Whinfield, Cashier. Mr. Whinfield is now connected with the bank at 
 Beaver Dam. 
 
 The Bank of Fond du Lac failed in 1857, and T. W. Dee was appointed Assignee. The 
 stockholders lost heavily by its failure. Depositors lost but little by the failure. The firm of 
 McRae. Bell & Butler had banks at Racine, Janesville anil other places in the State. 
 
 Robert A. Baker s Bank. — -In 1854, Robert A. Baker and John Sewell, Sr., began the 
 business of banking in a wooden building which stood on the site of the present bank building, 
 and which now stands on the corner of Johnson and Marquette streets, as a dwelling-house. In 
 a short time Mr. Sewell withdrew from the firm, and Mr. Baker continued the business alone 
 until Juno 26, 1858, when the Farmers and Mechanics' Bank was organized under the State 
 law of 1852, as a bank of issue, with $25,000 capital stock. Of this Robert A. Baker owned 
 212 shares; Rev. George B. Eastman, 37 shares, and W. J. Hamilton, 1 share. The first 
 ofiicers were, S. B. Amory, President, and R. A. Baker, Cashier, who continued in the same 
 offices until the bank went out of existence, in January, 1867. Since that date Robert A. 
 Baker has been sole proprietor of the business, under the title of Baker's Bank. John S. Bur- 
 rows, who has been connected with this bank during twenty-two years, is cashier, and Robert 
 C., son of Robert A. Baker, is teller. 
 
 The bank carries on a general banking business, except to receive savings on interest and 
 deal in foreign exchange. It is located in a solid brick building erected at the head of Forest 
 street, in 1860, especially for banking purposes, and occupied September 1 of that year. The 
 building was erected for Mr. Baker by John Waller and Robert Wyatt. 
 
 The First Natioyial Bank. — The foundation of the present First National Bank of Fond du 
 Lac was the old Bank of the Northwest, wliicii was organized in December, 1854, and opened 
 for business January 1, 1855. It was organized under the Stale law of 1852, and was a bank 
 of issue with a capital stock of $25,000, which was soon after, owing to the success of the insti- 
 tution, increased to fifty thousand. The first ofliicers of the Bank of the Northwest were B. F. 
 Moore, President, and A. G. Ruggles, Cashier. The principal stockholders who lived at Fond 
 du Lac were B. F. Moore. A. G. Ruggles and Edward Pier, the other stockholders residing in 
 the East. The bank was opened in a concrete building, located on West First street, in the 
 rear of where A. H. Hall's millinery store now stands. A more central location was desirable, 
 and the bank was soon after moved into John B. Wilbor's building on Main street, now occupied 
 by John Haberkorn's clothing store. The next move was into a wooden building erected by 
 John Sewell, which stood on the site of the present bank building, corner of Forest and Main 
 streets, and which is now the First National Hotel, owned by M. Van Dresar, and located on 
 the corner of Fourth and Marr streets. The fine three-story structure, with basement, now 
 occupied by the First National Bank, was built by the bank, and completed and occupied in 
 October, 1873. Its cost was $27,000, exclusive of the site, which the corporation also owns. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 639 
 
 It is of the best brick and stone, and one of the handsomest, as it is one of the most substantial, 
 T)uildings in the city. The basement is occupied by W. E. Cole's bank ; the first story by the 
 First National Bank, with private offices, handsomely furnished, for the President and cashier; 
 the second story by the offices of the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railway Company, the law 
 offices of Hauser & Thomas and Colraan, Carter & Kent, and by Drs. Wiley & McNeel, and 
 the third story is the splendid Masonic Hall, in use by Darling Chapter and all the other 
 Masonic Lodges of Fond du Lac. 
 
 The second President of the Bank of the Northwest was Edward Pier, and the third Presi- 
 dent, A. G. Ruggles, at which time J. B. Perry was cashier. 
 
 December 12, 1864, the bank was re-organized under the National Banking Act. The 
 capital stock was $75,000; Edward Pier was President; A. G. Ruggles, Cashier, and J. B. 
 Perry, Assistant Cashier. In July, 1865, the capital stock of the institution was increased to 
 $100,000, which is the present amount, and which cannot be purchased at any ordinary figure. 
 In January, 1866, Edward Pier was re-elected President; A. G. Ruggles, Vice President, and 
 James B. Perry, Cashier. The next President was A G. Ruggles. The present Directors are 
 A. G. Ruggles, John H. Martin, Orin Hatch, H. D. Hitt (of Oakfield) and J. B. Perrj. The 
 ofiicers are: President, Augustus G. Ruggles; Cashier, James B. Perry; Teller, Henry C. 
 Moore ; Book-keeper, George L. Arnold ; Correspondent, J. C. Perry ; Messenger, Joseph D. 
 Radford. 
 
 The First National Bank is the leading bank of Fond du Lac County in the amount of 
 capital and business transacted, except in one or two special departments. It does all the busi- 
 ness transacted by any bank, except to loan money on bond and mortgage, pay interest on 
 deposits, and buy and sell foreign exchange. It receives deposits, but pays no interest on them. 
 Its rate of discount on loans is 8 per cent, although the law allows, and almost all other national 
 banks charge, 10 per cent. The Government requires of this bank, as it does of all national 
 banks, that a sworn statement of its affairs be published quarterly, which is done, the report 
 appearing in the Fond du Lac Commonivealth. The special agents of the Treasury Department 
 have access to all books and papers of all national banks at all times, without notice, and all 
 their affairs are completely under Government espionage, being examined at least once in each 
 quarter. Last year, 1878, the taxes paid by the First National Bank amounted to $3,000, as 
 the capital stock was assessed at its full face value by the local assessors, in addition to the tax 
 imposed by the Government. Its record in all respects is second to no bank in the State. 
 
 G-erman American Savings Bank. — In the fall of 1866, Rudolph Ebert and J. C. Perry 
 established a private bank, which was managed by them as such until September, 1873, when 
 it was re-organized under the State law as a savings bank, under the name and style of the Ger- 
 man American Savings Bank, with a paid-up capital of $25,000. 
 
 The first oflficers were R. Ebert, President, and J. C. Perry, Cashier, the former holding 
 the same position still. The stockholders are Rudolph Ebert, Louis Muenter, Frederick Ruep- 
 ing, Louis Rueping, Alexander McDonald, J. C. Perry and Franz Lauenstein. Of these, R. 
 Ebert, President ; Alexander McDonald, Vice President ; Louis Muenter, Cashier; Frederick 
 Rueping and Franz Lauenstein constitute the Board of Directors. 
 
 The institution carries on a general banking business, buys and sells foreign exchange, 
 receives money on deposit and pays interest thereon ; and has the agency for three ocean steam- 
 ship lines. The bank has a large business. The bank building, which is a substantial brick 
 structure built expressly for the business, is located in Main street, near the Serwe House. 
 
 The Savings Bank of Fond du Lac. — This was first organized by State charter March 
 28. 1867, with Elihu L. Phillips, Edward Pier, Edwin H. Galloway, Augustus G. Ruggles, 
 George W. Weikert, Joseph Wagner, George F. Wheeler, James B. Perry, Edward Colman, 
 James Coleman and Orin Hatch, as holders of the capital stock subscribed, and which was placed 
 within the limits of $50,000 minimum and $500,000 maximum. The original corporate name 
 was "Fond du Lac County Savings Institution," which was changed in 1874 to " The Savings 
 Bank of Fond du Lac," which name it still retains. 
 
640 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 E. L. Phillips was the fii'st President of the Board of Directors, then composed, in addition 
 to himself, of Edward Pier, A. G. Ruggles, Edwin H. Galloway, George W. Weikert, Joseph 
 Wagner and George F. Wheeler. 
 
 June 20, 1867, the Fond du Lac County Savings Institution opened its doors and books 
 for business. Col. Edward Colman was Treasurer, Teller and Book-keeper. On that day, 
 Willie M. Weikert wrote his name on the first line of the first column of the first page of the 
 " Signature Book," and started the first savings account ever opened as such in Fond du Lac 
 County. 
 
 During that month, two other accounts were opened, making three ; but in July, the num- 
 ber ran up to forty-six, and before the following October, when the first report required by law 
 was made, the books showed 168 depositors, aggregating a total of $13,700, an average of over 
 $80 to each savings depositor. A year later, there were .544 accounts, and $53,486 of savings 
 deposits, being an average of over $90 each. During the year following, this was increased to 
 881 accounts and $71,000 of deposits. During succeeding years the growth of the institution 
 was undiminished, until nearly $500,000 of deposit lay to the credit of its patrons. The panic of 
 1873, followed by the unparalleled depression of business and the consequent enforced idleness 
 of many workmen, caused a withdrawal of savings deposits everywhere, which ceased only with 
 the recent return of employment and commercial prosperity throughout the country. Up to 
 the present time, over six thousand accounts, from first to last, have been opened, which have 
 been distributed more than $78,000 interest money. 
 
 Among its patrons are a large number of women and children, the special act of the 
 Legislature, secured by the charter, according to these classes protection of their savings placed 
 in the bank, against any act of husband, parent or guardian. 
 
 In 1870, President Phillips resigned his position, and was succeeded by Edward Pier, with 
 whom was associated, in the Board of Trustees, Edwin H. Galloway, Vice President, and C. K. 
 Pier, Director, the required number having been previously reduced by law to three. 
 
 In May, 1876, Mr. Galloway died, leaving a large and valuable estate. His widow, Maria 
 H. Galloway, was elected to his former position in the management of the bank, and, on the death 
 of the President, Edward Pier, in November, 1877, she was elected to fill the vacant office of 
 President. The Board now consists of Mrs. M. H. Galloway, President ; C. K. Pier, Vice 
 President, and G. A. Knapp, Treasurer. 
 
 Up to May, 1874, the institution had occupied a rented building on Forest street. During that 
 year was completed a fine two-story brick structure, specially adapted to the business, into which 
 they moved and where they still remain. This building is fully supplied with all the modern 
 improvements necessary to the business, such as fire-proof vaults, burglar-proof safes and time 
 locks, and is a most substantial, safe and convenient bank building. 
 
 The German Saouu/s ^a?^/;-.— September 1, 1872, Charles L. Encking opened a bank 
 under the First National Bank, corner of Main and Forest streets, under the name and style of 
 the German Savings Bank, Robert H. Wharton, Cashier, with a capital of $10,000. In addi- 
 tion to receiving deposits on interest, loaning money and carrying on a general banking business, 
 Mr. Encking engaged largely in real estate, brokerage, insurance, making abstracts and collect- 
 ing, besides being an active agent for the leading trans-Atlantic steamship lines. The bank 
 prospered nntil the monstrous shrinkage in real estate, in which Mr. Encking was heavily 
 involved, began to cripple its resources. It continued regularly in business, however, until 
 September 23, 1878, when Robert H. Wharton, the Cashier, left the city in the night, it was 
 reported, with all the available cash of the institution. Mr. Encking continued in the bank 
 only a few days to settle up, as far as possible, with his creditors. The German Savings Bank 
 ceased to exist October 1, 1878. Mr. Encking rented another office, and continued all his former 
 business, except that of banking, and has now straightened out nearly all the affairs of his 
 defunct bank, so that, so far as can be ascertained, the losses by its suspension will be small. 
 
 Wells Bank. — About the first of May, 1870, W. H. Wells came from New York and 
 opened a private bank in the building, corner of Main and First streets, formerly owned and. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 641 
 
 occupied by Keyes A. Darling for the same purpose, purchasing the property from R. Ebert. 
 Mr. Wells does a general banking business, buys and sells bonds, receives money on deposit, 
 paying interest therefor ; loans money and transacts all other business pertaining to a first-class 
 bank. The affairs of the institution are carried on by Mr. Wells, its ownei% and M. T. 
 Simmons, Cashier. 
 
 W. E. Coles Bank. — On the 1st of January, 1879, William E. Cole opened an office for 
 the transaction of a general banking business, as a private banker, under the First National 
 Bank Building, corner of Main and Forest streets. Mr. Cole has a large fire and burglar proof 
 safe depository for the safekeeping of valuable papers, and carries on, in addition to loaning 
 and collecting money and selling foreign exchange, the business of general ticket agent for all 
 the leading steamship and railway lines. The business of making collections is a specialty. 
 
 MANUFACTURING INTEKESTS. ' 
 
 First Smv-Mill in Fond du Lac. — In 1844, Mason C. Darling gave a contract for a deed 
 to John J. Driggs, deceased, and Warren Morley — a man now eighty-four years of age, and living 
 on the lake shore at Morley's Point — of a parcel of land lying west of Court street and south of 
 AVestern avenue, '• contained in the bend of the East Branch River, and known as thg 
 ' Hydraulic Reservation,' " provided they should build a saw-mill and have it in running order 
 at a certain time. The mill was not running as soon as specified, but, on the 11th of July, 
 1846, " for $165 in hand paid,'' he gave a warranty deed of the property. Mr. Driggs remained 
 only a short time in the proprietorship of the mill, and was succeeded by Truman Wheeler, 
 father of the Rev. L. N. Wheeler, now the Presiding Elder of Fond du Lac. Mr. Wheeler 
 was killed, in 1847, by the fall of a tree, while engaged in getting out timbet for a grist-mill. 
 The framework of this mill was erected near the saw-mill, back of where the Court House now 
 stands, but was never inclosed or used, owing to Mr. Wheeler's death. After Mr. Wheeler was 
 killed, the saw-mill lay idle, or was in charge of a Green Bay man for the AVheeler heirs, until 
 August, 184y, when it was got into running order by Horace Seymour, who now resides in 
 Fond du Lac, and is blind, although in early times he was credited with having the best eyes, 
 capable of making the quickest and most accurate measurement, of any one in the vicinity. In 
 September, 184!', Mr. Herman Bissell, who had arrived from Connecticut the year before, and 
 who was killed in the terrible Angola railway disaster, December 18, 1869. bought the mill of 
 Mr. Morley and the Wheeler heirs ; but, as there was some flaw in the title, he never gained a 
 deed of the half belonging to these heirs, though no rent or interest was ever required of him. 
 His son, L. C. Bissell. now Superintendent of the Fond du Lac Boom Company, was put in 
 charge of the mill, which, with early rising and late retiring, would turn out 2,500 feet of 
 lumber per day. The young man had no help about the mill to assort, carry away or pile the 
 lumber, or tend the mill ; and, small as these figures look, they are actually large, for the 
 best mill in Fond du Lac does not now manufjicture 2,500 feet of lumber per day to each man 
 engaged in tending it. The logs, of course, were larger then than now, as 720 of which Mr. 
 Bissell kept account averaged 557 feet of lumber each. Now it is a good lot of logs that 
 average 2.50 feet each. The first logs sawed by Mr. Bissell were owned by Pier & Newton 
 (Edward Pier and Selim Newton, both deceased), and were hauled from Bannister's Landing on 
 trucks drawn by oxen, and driven by Charles Colman, now a millionaire lumberman of La 
 Crosse, and brother to Elihu Colman, lawyer, of Fond du Lac. Sometimes, when these logs 
 were so large that Mr. Bissell could not roll them on to the " carriage," his wife would come 
 from the house, near by, and render such assistance as was sufficient to accomplish the task. 
 
 Before the first lot of logs was sawed, they were purchased by Curtis Lewis, now of Esca- 
 naba, Mich. The contract was to the effect that the saw-bill should be paid every month, but 
 he couldn't always fulfill it, and at such times gave his notes at 5 per cent a month — 60 per 
 cent a year ! The notes were all paid. 
 
 About this time, home-made lumber became scarce and was higher, the mills at Fond du 
 Lac (two in the village and one in the town; not being able to supply the demand, and rafted 
 
^42 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 lumber was brought from the Shioc mill, two miles below Shiocton, and from the Shawano mill. 
 These were both water-mills, the one at Shawano being owned and run by Curt Lewis, who also 
 was managing the Lewis House, on the site of the present Putty House. He had life and vim 
 enough in those days for a score of men, and it was nothing uncommon for him to start for his 
 mill at Shawano on an " Indian trot," and not stop to sleep or eat, except to partake of such food 
 as he put in his pocket and could be eaten on the run, until he reached his destination. The 
 return journeys were made in the same manner, and in an almost incredibly short time. 
 
 This old Wheeler & Morley mill was quite a curiosity in its day, and was visited by 
 almost everybody. The dam e.xtended across the East Branch, a few feet below where the 
 sidewalk now crosses, on the north side of Western avenue, near Meyer'.s factory. It only 
 furnished about seven feet head of water. The wheel was a curiosity, being of wood, and built like 
 the modern iron or brass turbine water-wheels. Sometimes the water couldn't start it without 
 a lift from the sawyer ; but, once started, it furnished a large amount of power. The saw was 
 the ancient "sash," the jferking of whose heavy framework kept everything in a shake. The 
 mill building was "24x36 feet, and the svooden carriage on which the logs were sawed ran out 
 over the pond. On this carriage, flocks of shouting children, now the prominent men and women 
 of the city and State, were in the habit of riding, in a slow, hitching manner, out over the pond, 
 to be "gigged back " with a rush. 
 
 In September, 1855, a great freshet swept the dam away, and, as other and more modern 
 mills had sprung up near the lake, where logs were more easily reached, the Wheeler & Morley 
 mill was never again put in operation. The site is now owned by C. J. L. Meyer. 
 
 First Steam Saw-Mill. — The first steam saw-mill built in Fond du Lac or Northern Wis- 
 consin was erected in 1846 by Davis & Ruggles, on the east bank of the river, just above where 
 Cotton street now is. Cornelius Davis, using the name of his brother, F. F. Davis, furnished 
 the "experience," and A. Gr. Ruggles, now President of the First National Bank, furnished 
 the money. The logs and timber fn- the mill were cut on the Wolf River, in the summer of 
 1846, and rafted to Fond du Lac, after which Mr. Rustles went East and bought the 
 engine, boiler and machinery. These were put on to the Hudson at Cleveland, and among 
 the passengers with Mr. Ruggles was David R. Curran, ever since a resident of Fond du 
 Lac, then making his first trip to the. West. A terrific storm overtook the boat, and the 
 frightened passengers for a time were determined to heave the heavy mill machinery over- 
 board, to insure the safety of the vessel, being very free in making threats of this character. 
 Mr. Ruggles was far more thoroughly frightened at their threats than at the stoi-m, bad as it 
 was, for all he had in the world was represented in the machinery, which seemed in a fair 
 way to be dumped into the lake. The storm subsided, however, and the machinery was 
 landed in safety. It was then brought to Fond du Lac and put in place during the winter of 
 1846-47, and, in the early spring of 1847, sawed the first lumber ever cut by steam in North- 
 ern Wisconsin, for B. F. Moore, now owner of the La Belle Wagon Works. In June of that 
 year, the mill sawed its own logs. 
 
 The first saw used in the mill was an old-fishioned ''sasli saw," the whole frame in which 
 it was fastened resembling a window sash, and churning up and down with terrific jerks. Soon 
 after, a muley saw was put in, which was regarded as a great innovation in milling. After the 
 new saw was put in, the mill was run night and day, in season, cutting about eight thousand 
 feet of lumber in twenty-four hours, and proving a profitable investment. In 1847 or the 
 beginning of 1848, Davis & Ruggles dissolved partnership. The mill was finally burned, but 
 the machinery in it was taken out by George W. Sexmith, and used in his first milling opera- 
 tions in Fond du Lac. 
 
 First Planing- Mill.- — In 1851, A. G. Ruggles, now President of the First National Bank, 
 purchased several lots on the east bank of the river, where Johnson street now is, and staked 
 out a site for a planingmill, which seemed to be in good demand. In the fall, Mr. Ruggles 
 went East and purchased the best planing-mill machinery then to be had, and when he returned, in 
 February, 1852, he found his mill-site overflowed by the river as far as what was later called 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 643 
 
 East Water street, the water being several feet deep. For some days the cause of the over- 
 flow was a mystery, until it became known that the first dam had been erected at Menasha. 
 The set-back of the water caused by the erection of this dam had overflowed Mr. Ruggles' mill- 
 site, and much other property as well. He crossed the street, however, and built his planing- 
 mill that year. But no one could sharpen a planer or "hang" the knives, and everything 
 moved under difliculties. There was business enough, but no one could be had who was 
 expert enough to do it pi'operly. Mr. Ruggles was compelled to run the engine himself. In 
 1852, he did his last work with the planing-mill on a job of basswood boards which Jason 
 Wilkins wanted dressed for the manufacture of baby carriages. The building and engine 
 ■were afterward used for a saw-mill. 
 
 McDonald Jf- Stewart's Factory. — In 1867, a large wooden building was erected on the corner 
 of Arndt and Brooke streets, for a sash, door and blind factory. It was run a short time by 
 a Mr. Jones, now deceased, and, in 1869, fell into the hands of Alexander McDonald and 
 Alexander Stewart, by whom it has since been owned and managed. The factory gives 
 employment to about fifty persons, and turns out $120,000 worth of manufactured stock per 
 year. 
 
 City Stone Mills. — This substantial stone structure was begun by a branch of the Congre- 
 gational Church for a church edifice. Before it was finished, the two factions re-united. The 
 walls remained as they were left by the church, until April, 18.58, when Dr. M. C. Darling bid 
 them ofi". with the site, for $1,000. They were soon thereafter completed for a flouring-mill, 
 and the mill put into operation. In 1869, the property was purchased by Moore & Aldrich, 
 and in 187-1, by Allen ct Aldrich, the present proprietors. The mill has four runs of stone, 
 ■which receive motion from an ample steam engine. 
 
 J. C. Huber's Drug-Mill. — Mr. Huber began in a small way in 1868, on Main street, to 
 grind spices, herbs and roots. In 1872, business having outgrown his capacity, he erected a 
 large steam drug-mill on the corner of Sibley and Marquette streets. He employs ten men, 
 and grinds spices, mustard, herbs, roots and all medicinal plants and barks. About 300 of 
 these are found in Wisconsin, togather which he has agents in all parts of the State, the Indians 
 being especially valuable and skillful in this work. Mr. Huber imports all spices and medicines 
 not obtainable in America. At the session of the Wisconsin Academy of Arts and Sciences, 
 held in January, 1880, samples of drugs and spices from nearly every mill in the country were 
 tested and none found pure, except from J. C. Huber's mill, at Fond du Lac. This report was 
 officially published. 
 
 G. tV. Sexmitli cf- Sons Saw-Mill. — Mr. Sexmith is one of the pioneer lumber men of 
 Fond du Lac. He has operated a mill continuously since 1854. Sexmith & Sons" Mill, 
 corner of Cotton and Satterlee streets, gives employment to fifty men in season. Last year it 
 turned out 4,000,000 feet of lumber. The mill building was erected by A. G. Ruggles, and 
 contained the first planing, dressing and matching machinery in Fond du Lac. 
 
 Alexander 3IcDonalcV s Satv-Mill. — This mill building was erected in 1853 by E. A. Galloway 
 for a warehouse. In 1855, T. S. Henry & Co. transformed it into the first rotary saw-mill 
 ever run in Fond du Lac. In 1865, two rotary saws were put in, after which Henry & 
 Co. sold out. Mr. McDonald has been alone in the business since 1870. The mill has a 
 capacity of 50,000 feet of lumber per day. The boilers now used in it were built in 1856. 
 and are now considered better than first-class modern boilers. Mr. McDonald saws hard lumber 
 for the thrashing machine works, and special grades for McDonald &. Stewart's sash, door and 
 blind factory. 
 
 Fond du Lac Spring Wagon Company. — In 1875, A. T. Perkins and C. L. Clement pur- 
 chased from the J. A. Archibald estate the small shops near the corner of Macy and Court 
 streets, and began the manufacture of carriages and cutters, under the firm name of Perkins & 
 Clement. Their business continued to increase, until now they have five buildings, employ 
 twenty-two men, and turn out 1,000 jobs per annum. Their machinery is driven by a thirty- 
 ^ve-horse power steam-engine, built by the Novelty Iron Works. In 1879, the firm added a 
 
644 HISTORY OF FOND DIT LAO COUNTY. 
 
 complete saw-mill to their factory, and now saw all the boards and stock used. No other car- 
 riage factory in the Northwest has facilities for sawing its own lumber. The especial lines of 
 work turned out at this factory, are cutters, all styles of carriages, and the celebrated platform- 
 spring wagons, which are called "mountain wagons." 
 
 Fond du, Lac Building Association. — This corporation, whose factory is on Scott street, 
 near Main, was organized January 4, 1876, and incorporated January 4. 1879. Its capital 
 stock is $10,000, paid up. C. K. Pier is President, and G. W. Mihills, Manager. The concern 
 has out 280 agents, who make 70,000 sales per year of screens, window blinds and articles of 
 that class. No firm in Fond du Lac sends out and sells as great a number of articles as this 
 institution, though several others receive much larger amounts of cash in return' for manufact- 
 ured articles sold. 
 
 G-allo'way 3IiUs. — This large flouring-mill. situated on the corner of Arndt and Packer 
 streets, was begun by John Maginnis and Charles R. Harrison. In 1866. the property was 
 purchased, rebuilt and finished by T. S. Henry & Co., the present owners. The mill is well 
 equipped with all the most modern milling machinery, and is constantly busy. Its capacity is 
 120 barrels of flour per day. 
 
 Fond du Lac Steam Bakery. — The large business of the steam baker, located at 3.5 East 
 First street, in a handsome brick building built especially for it, was begun by Benjamin Wild, 
 in a small way in 1860. Trade constantly increased, and in 1869 the business was transferred 
 to Second street, whore it now gives employment to nineteen men, who make into crackers, all 
 kinds of bread, cakes and pies, about fifteen barrels of flour per day. The manufacture of can- 
 dies is also extensively and successfully carried on. The firm has three traveling salesmen; a 
 retail store on the corner of Main and First streets, under the charge of H. L. Noble, and does 
 a business of $80,000 per year. The sales extend into adjoining States. 
 
 J. Q. Griffith ;f Sons Saw-Mill. — J. Q. Griffith began the lumbering business as early as 
 1856, and in 1859 operated the old Wilbor & Henry mill. In 1860, he purchased the mill, 
 which then stood on Forest street. It was built in 1856, by Deacon Fuller, Nathan Leavittand 
 George Hunter, and was known as the Fuller & Leavitt Mill. It had a muley saw and siding 
 machine. The company failed after operating it several years, and the property was purchased 
 by Mr. GriflSth, who operated it until he built tlie present mill, in 1871, on West Division street. 
 In 1866, his son, Carver N. Griffith, became a partner in the business, and in 1870, Wilber A. 
 Griffith, another son. took an interest, and the firm name then was J. Q. Griffith & Sons. In 
 1872, a planing-mill was added to the facilities of the mill, and in 1879, machinery for grind- 
 ing everything but flour. The yai-ds and mill give employment to thirty-five men, and a corps 
 of loggers and raftsmen is kept in the woods, securing logs for each season's work. 
 
 Steenberg^ s Sash, Door and Blind Factory. — In 1867, H. H. Lewis, now a resident of 
 Kansas, erected a sash, door and blind factory on the corner of McWilliams and Juneau streets. 
 In 1871, Prof O. C. Steenberg was taken in as a partner, and, in 1877, became sole proprietor. 
 When running to its full capacity, the factory gives employment to sixty men. Its products 
 are sold mostly in the West and South, for which there was demand enough during the panic to 
 keep the factory in operation. 
 
 George W. Lusk's Saw-Mill. — In 1856, Asa Pierce, now of Racine County, Daniel W. 
 Smith. Charles Chandler, W. D. Sherwood, now of Chicago, and L. C. Bissell. built the mill 
 now owned and run by George W. Lusk, on Moore street, the capacity of which is about forty 
 thousand feet per day. It was called the Pierce, Smith & Co. Mill. The boilers were made of 
 the best locomotive boiler iron, and have never had a cent expended on them for repairs. The mill 
 had a forty-eight-inch saw. a double-cutting sider, shingle and lath machines. Pierce, Smith & 
 Co. failed, and, in 1867, George W. Lusk became a member of the firm of Merryman & C".. 
 which consisted of A. C. & R. W. Merryman, George W. Lusk, Lewis Rood, of Monroe, Wis., 
 and E. A. Newton, of the same place. In 1869, A. C. Merryman withdrew from the firm. In 
 June, 1877, Mr. Lusk purchased Mr. Newton's interest in the business ; in April. 1878. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 645 
 
 purchased that of the Merrymans, and, in March, 1879, secured the interest belonging to the 
 Rood heirs. He is now sole proprietor of the mill and lumber-yard. 
 
 Fond du Lac 3Ianufaeturing Company. — In 1873, a company consisting of Alexander and 
 John S. McDonald, and Benjamin Nightingale, was incorporated for the manufacture of straw 
 boards, building and wrapping paper. The capital stock was $54,000, all paid up. The factory 
 ran two years, giving employment to a large number of men, and producing first-class articles, 
 after which it was closed on account of the costliness of fuel. The building and machinery there- 
 fore lay idle until the spring of 1878, when they were destroyed by fire. 
 
 Alfred K. Hamilton s Saiv-Mill. — In 1856, I. K. and W. C. Hamilton built a mill at 
 Luco, between Fond du Lac and Taycheedah, on the lake shore, and, in 1857, began the manu- 
 facture of all kinds of lumber. In 1868, A. K. Hamilton and AV. S. Finley became partners 
 in the business, under the firm name of A. K. & W. C. Hamilton & Co. In 1871, A. K. Ham- 
 ilton and W. S. Finley became the proprietors, and continued in business together until May, 
 1879. when Mr. Finley sold to A. K. Hamilton, who is now sole proprietor of the business. In 
 addition to the lumber-yard at the mill in Luco, a yard and an ofiice are located on Main street, 
 in Fond du Lac. This mill, which employs fifty men, and has a capacity of 6.000,000 feet of 
 lumber per year, has not been idle a season since it was first started, in 1857. About forty men 
 are kept at work in the woods securing logs, on which to keep the mill in operation. 
 
 Fond du Lac Harrow Company. — In the spring of 1876, the manufacture of " H. B. 
 Fargo's V-shaped, steel-toothed harrow" was begun by H. B. Fargo, W. A. Knapp, M. D. 
 Moore, C. A. Galloway and AY. B. Galloway, under the name of the Fond du Lac Harrow Com- 
 pany. The Company was organized in 1878, and incorporated October 1, of that year, by W. 
 A. knapp, C. K. Pier, G. A. Knapp and Frank A. Knapp; with a capital of .$iO,000. The 
 officers of the corporation are C. K. Pier, President, and W- A. Knapp, Secretary and Treas- 
 urer. The act of incorparation gives the Company the right to make all kinds of agricultural 
 implements, though only Fargo's patent harrow is made at pi'esent. The factory is on East 
 Division street, and turns out 3,000 harrows per yea*, making a business worth $35,000. These 
 harrows are mostly sold in Minnesota, Iowa, Dakota, Kansas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. The 
 business is increasing. 
 
 The Fond du Lac Trunk Factory. — The business of making trunks was first started by 
 Andrew Payne, who catered to the retail trade only. He sold to D. C. Lang in 1874, who 
 enlarged and carried on the business until Mai'ch, 1875, when John H. Lang, his brother, 
 became a member of the firm. The firm name then became, and now continues, D. C. & J. H. 
 Lang. The factory is a large brick building on East First street, in which is the office. The 
 business is now wholly carried on for the wholesale trade, and gives employment to eighteen 
 men. The sales in Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois and Indiana, amount to over $25,000 per 
 annum. 
 
 McDonald Manufacturing Company. — This was first known as the Fond du Lac Threshing 
 Machine Company, which was organized in 1874, and built threshing machines until 1876, when 
 the Company failed. The following year, March 14, the present Company was organized, with 
 John S. McDonald, President ; Alexander McDonald, Vice President, and John Spence, Treas- 
 urer and Secretary. These, with C. H. Benton, constitute the Board of Directors. The pres- 
 ent officers are the same as just recorded. The capital stock of the concern is $100,000, all 
 paid up, and its principal business the manufacture of the "Pride of the West " threshing 
 machines, which were invented in Fond du Lac, and which are becoming celebrated for several 
 superiorities in construction and manner of doing work. There are also made by this firm the 
 "Common Sense" sleigh, for lumbering purposes, and Berry's Stump Puller. Since the forma- 
 tion of this Company, its business has increased from 100 to 300 per cent per year, and new 
 facilities are constantly added. The large shop is located on Scott street and gives employment 
 to forty men. 
 
 Mihilh Manufacturing Company. — The foundation of the immense business now carried 
 on by the Mihills Manufacturing Company in sash, doors and blinds, on the corner of Brooke, 
 
646 HISTORY OF FOND DIT LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Sibley and Juneau streets, was laid when Uriah D. Mihills began the manufacture of lumber, in 
 1864, in tlie old dismantled mill now standing near the Scott street bridge. In 1868. he added 
 to his business the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds, and continued both the mill and the 
 factory until 1874, when he became involved, and the establishment was taken in charge by the 
 present Mihills Manufacturing Company December 24, 1874, with a capital of $200,000. Of 
 this corporation, Parian Semple, of Shawano, was President; R. A. Baker. Vice President; 
 C. K. Pier, President ; G. N. Mihills, Secretary and Superintendent. These, with Welcome 
 Hyde, of Appleton, constitute the Board of Directors. The present officers are R. A. Baker, 
 President ; C. K. Pier, Treasurer ; G. N. Mihills, Vice President, Secretary and Superintendent. 
 The factory, which is a fine brick building, contains 160 employes, and the articles manufact- 
 ured are sold in all the States of the Union, except New York and New England. The busi- 
 ness now amounts to $300,000 per year. The Mihills Manuficturing Company also owns a 
 large saw-mill at the foot of Hone and Spring streets, which is leased by Henry Sherry, of 
 Neenah, and managed by A. D. Parker. During the last two seasons, it has been run to its 
 full capacity, night and day a portion of the time ; running in winter also, logs being received 
 by rail. 
 
 Fonddu Lac Wheel cf- Seeder Company. — In 1872, Daniel Y. Sabin, J. B. Bushnell and 
 Henry Hastings began, under the name and style of Sabin, Bushnell & Hastings, the manu- 
 facture of the Fountain City Seeder and patent buggy wheels. In 1874, this firm sold out to 
 the Wheel & Seeder Company, which was chartered August 31, 1874, and which was composed 
 of D. Y. Sabin, J. B. Bushnell, Henry Hastings, J. C. Wedge, Alexander McDonald, Frank 
 Dillingham (of Milwaukee), M. W. Simmons, E. C. Gray, Byron Town, Kalk & Kent, J. F. 
 Aldrich, P. Conrad, A. T. Perkins and Ela C. Waters. The first officers were: Alexander 
 McDonald, President; J. C. Wedge, Vice President; Byron Town, Secretary and Treasurer; 
 J. B. Bushnell, Superintendent. The capital stock was $50,000. The company ceased man- 
 ufacturing wheels in 1876, because they were too costly for the market. The manufactures, 
 which now consist of grain-drills and force-fHed, broad-cast seeders, with clover and timothy seed 
 attachments, are sold mostly in Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Michigan, Illinois and Wisconsin. 
 Their number is 1,500 seeders and drills per year, and their value about $75,000. The shops 
 give employment to seventy-five men, and the business is annually increasing. The present 
 officers are: Alexander McDonald, President; J. C. Wedge, Vice President; Byron Town, 
 Secretary and Treasurer. The shops are located on Forest street, next to the river, and with 
 the additions of the season of 1879, complete throughout. 
 
 Moore <f- G-alloway s Saw-Mill. — The business of this firm was begun in 1864 by M. D. 
 Moore, who then engaged in the manufacture of lumber, lath and pickets, with Charles Crane. 
 The partnership, if such it could be called, was a novel one. Mr. Crane had built the saw-mill in 
 1863, but was financially embarrassed. Mr. Moore therefore purchased an undivided half- 
 interest in it, and paid for it, and for two years thereafter Mr. Crane operated the mill one week 
 and Mr. Moore the next week. The same crew worked for both, but the lumber cut by each 
 was kept separate, as well as all the business affairs. In 1866, Mr. Moore bought out Mr. 
 Crane, and soon after, in the same year, C. A. Galloway became a partner with Mr. Moore in 
 the business, and several years later, in 1870, W. E. Baker purchased an interest in the busi- 
 ness, which embraced extensive operations in the lumber districts, in addition to operating the 
 mill and yards at Fond du Lac. In 1878, W. E. Baker withdrew from the firm, which is now 
 composed of M. D. Moore and C. A. Galloway. The firm gives employment to eighty, and at 
 some seasons to 150, men, and cuts from five to eitrht and one-half millions of lumber. The 
 mill and office are located on Packer, near McWilliams street. 
 
 Peerless Joh Office. — November 13, 1878, P. B. Haber and Charles H. Swift opened a 
 job printing office in the rear of Wells' Bank building, corner of Main and First streets, under 
 the title of the Peerless Printing Office, by Haber & Swift. The material was all new and the 
 office has had a liberal share of business since it was opened. Mr. Swift has in connection 
 with the office, the business of city bill-posting. 
 
HISTORY or rOND DU LAC COUNT T. 647 
 
 Globe Job Office. — On the 1st of August, 1872, Thomas Bryant, now of the Omaha 
 (Neb.) Bee newspaper, opened a job printing office over J. C. Whittelsey's store on Main street. 
 In the fall of 187-4, George C. Hicks, now of Minneapolis, purchased an interest in the office, 
 continuing as one of the proprietors until 1876, when Mr. Bryant became sole proprietor. Id 
 1878 — April 25 — John W. Lockin purchased the entire establishment and moved it to the 
 ground floor of No. 6 Forest street, September 20, 1879. He added a large cylinder press and 
 engine in 187'J, and the office now contains 150 fonts of type, four presses and good st^am 
 machinery. The Wisconsin Farmer is published at the Globe Office. 
 
 La Belle Wagon Works. — In 1869, what is now the second largest wagon factory in the 
 State was begun by Farnsworth, Knapp & Co., on the site now occupied by the works. The 
 firm changed soon after to Farnsworth, Woodward, Knapp & Co., and then to Farnsworth Bro- 
 thers & Knapp, who continued in the business until February, 1874, when B. F. Moore and A. 
 G. Ruggles purchased the entire property and business interests. This firm began immediately 
 to increase the business, although the works had a capacity of 2,000 wagons per year under 
 Farnsworth Brothers & Knapp. Mr. Ruggles continued in the establishment only eight months, 
 when B. F. Moore became sole proprietor. He went on with making improvements and increas- 
 ing the facilities, until in January, 1879, when a stock company was formed and incorporated, 
 with a paid-up capital of $200,000, consisting of B. F. Moore, President; A. L. Moore, Vice 
 President and Superintendent; James H. Farnsworth, Secretary, and C. H. Moore, Treasurer. 
 The business, that of manufacturing wagons, gives employment to 200 men, who turn out twenty 
 complete wagons per day. The shops, which are located between the West Branch Kiver and 
 the Chicago & North-Western Railway, on Forest street, are run to their utmost capacity, and 
 turn out f .300,000 worth of wagons per year. During the past year an immense fireproof, 
 stone, iron and brick storehouse has been built by the La Belle Wagons Works Company, which 
 is capable of holding -3,000 finished wagons ; also an oil-house of stone. Every foot of room is 
 utilized, and preparations are going on to increase, next season, the capacity of the shops. The 
 wagons turned out are sold mostly in California, Oregon, Texas and British America. 
 
 Novelty Iron Works. — The Novelty Iron Works building, a large, substantial structure of 
 brick with cast- iron door and window frames, was built by Horace and George 0. Trowbridge, 
 on the corner of Doty and Rees streets, in 1866. Horace Trowbridge now resides at Sheboygan 
 Falls, and George 0. at San Francisco. C. H. De Groat purchased G. 0. Trowbridge's inter- 
 est in 1875, and soon after A. E. Bosworth became a member of the firm. In 1876, George 
 Giddings bought an interest in the business, since which time the firm has been De Groat k 
 Giddings. Their business is that of manufacturing agricultural implements, saw-mill machinery 
 and general repairing. They also manufacture the famous Gowan head-blocks and set works 
 for saw-mills, which are in use by nearly all the mills in the vicinity. 
 
 C. •/. L. Meyer's Factories, 3fills and Furnaces. — One of the most extensive and success- 
 ful manufacturers in Wisconsin, or in the Northwest, is Charles J. L. Mever. No history of 
 Fond du Lac, or of Wisconsin, would be complete, therefore, without a more or less elaborate 
 account of his business. Mr. Meyer arrived in New York from his native place in Prussia, in 
 1849, at the age of eighteen. He had been educated under the thorough Prussian school sys- 
 tem, and had also learned the sash and door trade, which he now carries on, by working in his 
 father's shop, which had turned out a fine quality of sash, doors and furniture since the beginning 
 of the present century. Not finding employment at his trade at once in New York, Mr. Meyer 
 engaged at farming for a short time, but soon found employment with one of the best millwrights 
 of the East, thereby acquiring practical knowledge which has since been of great value in car- 
 rying on his business. In 1855, being desirous of engaging in business on a larger scale, and in 
 a timbered country, Mr. Meyer made a tour of the West and settled upon Fond du Lac as offer- 
 ing the best advantages on account of healthful climate, fine soil, great timber resources and con- 
 tiguity to navigable waters. He did not settle at Fond du Lac through accident, but after a 
 thorough examination of various other places in the West. 
 
■648 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 In 1856, he started in business at Fond du Lac, in a very small way, doing such miscel- 
 laneous jobs as his limited means would allow. In 1859, Mr. Meyer went East, spending five 
 montlis in careful examination of manufacturing establishments in that section. He resolved, as 
 a consequence, to enter upon the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds, and returned in the fall 
 of that year to lay the foundation of his present immense business. In 1860, himself, a brother 
 and an apprentice were working with rented power. In 1861, mostly with his own hands, he 
 erected a small wooden shop on Western avenue, purchasing a small portable engine for power. 
 In this shop he planed lumber, made sash, doors and blinds, and did various jobs; not on a large 
 scale, as that business was not then heavily patronized. In 1864, however, having got a firmer 
 foothold, and trade having received a strong impetus from the war, Mr. Meyer put his goods on 
 the Chicago market. The excellent finish and thorough workmanship displayed marked them at 
 once as superior to any then before the public, and, as if by magic, the demand for them out- 
 stripped that of all competitors. From that time, the demand for his goods rapidly and con- 
 stantly increased. A large factory was erected on the north side of Western avenue — since 
 demolished — and a branch was permanently opened in Chicago. In 1866, he erected the pres- 
 ent wood-working building, which is 200x100 feet on the ground, and three stories high, of 
 brick. There were large additions built for boiler and engine rooms. In 1867, a large brick 
 warehouse, 44x128 feet and two stories high with basement, was erected on the corner of West- 
 ern avenue and the Chicago & North- Western Railway. In 1868, being desirous of obtaining 
 lumber for his factory, at more advantageous terms, Mr. iMeyer erected a saw-mill in " Lower 
 Town," in Fond du Lac, which had a capacity of 80,000 feet of lumber per day. In 1874, 
 finding it necessary to pro:ect his interests in that city, he erected a model sash, door and blind 
 factory in Chicago, which has a capacity equal to that of any other in the Gai-den City. Owing 
 to its perfectness and completeness, this factory has several times been examined by officials sent 
 from foreign countries to learn the details of American manufacturing. As logs began to grow 
 more scarce on the Wolf River, Mr. Meyer found it necessary to purchase large tracts of pine 
 lands, which he did in Michigan, fifty miles north of Menominee. Here he built a large saw-mill, 
 which runs all the year round, a planing-mill, stores, offices and boarding-house, making a vil- 
 lage all his own, called Hermansville, after his son Herman. The product of these mills is 
 mostly used in the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds in his own factories. In 1870, fear- 
 ing a scarcity of logs on the Wolf River would render Fond du Lac less advantageous as a wood- 
 manufacturing point, and expecting, therefore, to change his business to that of manufacturing 
 iron, he erected a large blast furnace at " Lower Town," with ample charcoal kilns, which was 
 hardly completed when the panic laid its iron hand upon all manufacturing interests. Since 
 then railways have been pushed into the most productive timber countries, thus indefinitely post- 
 poning the time when there will be a scarcity of lumber in Fond du Lac for manufacturing pur- 
 poses. Mr. Meyer, therefore, has continued to increase his wood-manufacturing business, erect- 
 ing in 1879 an additional fiictory, 100x100 feet, just east of the main building. 
 
 On the corner of Western avenue and Macy street, Mr. Meyer has one of the best-equ ^jped 
 machine shops and foundries in the Northwest, at which all his own engines and iron machinery 
 are made, and a ireneral business in manufacturing heavv mill furnishings carried on. D ring 
 1880, the blast furnace will be put into operation under a company organized for that puipose, 
 and his sash, door and blind factory will consume over twelve million feet of lumber — an increase 
 over any previous year. 
 
 To keep in motion the large amount of machinery in all of Mr. Meyer's shops — not includ- 
 ing his blast furnace — are required ten steam engines and twenty-one boilers. The former are 
 made at his Western avenue iron works, and the latter by J. C. Pierron, of Fond du Lac, of 
 whose work Mr. Meyer speaks in the highest terms. 
 
 The Chicago shops furnish employment to 300 persons ; those at Hermanville, to over 200 
 and those at Fond du Lac to 400 — making a pay-roll with over 900 names. 
 
 The products of C. J. L. Meyer's factories are sold in Delaware, District of Columbia, Vir- 
 ginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, 
 
'U 
 
 i 
 
 FOND DU LAC 
 
HISTORY or POND DU LAC COUNTY. 651 
 
 Florida, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, 
 Iowa, Dakota and Minnesota — twenty-four States, besides Wisconsin. 
 
 Breweries. — The oldest brewery in Fond du Lac is that of J. & C. Frey, near the corner 
 of Macy and Division streets. The buildings now used in the business have all been built by 
 the Frey Brothers at different times, the first dating back to 1848. They have an extensive 
 trade at home and abroad, and do also a large business in bottling and exporting beer. 
 
 On Portland street, south of Division, is situated the large brick building erected by Paul 
 Hauser, for a brewery. It is a well-built and convenient structure for the business of brewing, 
 and is now leased by Antony Voght. 
 
 Bechaud Brothers' Brewery, on Eleventh street, west of Hickory, is doing a large and 
 increasing business, additional buildings being required and erected during 1878 and 1879. 
 The Bechaud Brothers are practical brewers. They have a large trade outside of Fond du Lac, 
 their beer being bottled by H. W. Eaton. 
 
 Joseph Schussler, a practical brewer, has a brewery on Hickory street, south of Grove. 
 His method of brewing is different from others, and known only to himself. His operations are 
 less extensive than those of the other city brewers. 
 
 Rueping ^ Son's Tannery. — In 1854, William Rueping erected a small wooden building 
 on Doty street, and began the business of tanning leather. Two of his elder sons had learned 
 the tanner's trade in Germany, and they carried on the business after the manner learned in 
 that country. In 1870, the present building, a brick structure, 170x42, feet and three stories 
 high, was erected to accommodate the increasing business. Thirty men are constantly employed, 
 who turn out 8,000 hides and 7,000 kip and calf skins per yeai'. No vitriol or acid is con- 
 sumed in this tannery, hemlock bark alone being used for tanning, of which 1,000 cords, cost- 
 ing $6, .500, are required annually. This tannery turns out mostly harness leather, which is of 
 the most durable quality, and sells largely to Boston, New York and St. Paul jobbers. The firm 
 consists of Frederick, Louis, Charles and Henry, the four sons of the late William Rueping. 
 
 Other Manufactories. — A very important branch of business in Fond du Lac is C. L. 
 Pierce's Plow Works, corner of Macy and Court streets. It is also an old established branch, 
 the Pierce Brothers having a shop open on Division street before any other houses had been 
 erected in that vicinity. The shop is equipped with steam machinery, and turns out a large 
 number of plows adapted to Western soil. 
 
 Goddard & Burrows, on Macy street, have as large a business as their buildings will accom- 
 modate, in the manufacture of patent carriage tops. 
 
 Sherrer's File Works, on Johnson street, employ five or six men at making new and cut- 
 ting over old files. Tiiere are but few file works in the country, hence Mr. Sherrer has a large 
 business. 
 
 Albert Buechner, at his shops on Forest street, is a manufacturer of heavy wagons. 
 
 Edson & Son, on Western avenue, near the railroad, have a large factory, run by steam, 
 for the manufactui'e of bed frames, springs, hay-cutters, and to do a general business in wood 
 turning. 
 
 Wolf & Potter have a large shop on Macy street, for the manufacture of cutters, sleighs, 
 phaetons and buggies. 
 
 E. G. Main, corner of Macy & Second streets, has a steam factory, where harrow frames 
 and the wood for other agricultural implements are made. 
 
 B. F. & H. L. Sweet, on Arndt street, are manufacturers of Sweet's " Common Sense 
 Sleighs." They are very large and strong, for work in lumbering, and are pronounced superior 
 to any other lumbering sleigh. Smaller sizes, with the same patent improvements, are made 
 for farmers and general purposes. 
 
 The old Hiner & White Iron Works, on Arndt street, employ fifteen men. Up to 1877, 
 while owned and run by Hiner & White, the works gave employment to 125 men, and turned 
 out great quantities of milling machinery, some mowing machines and all kinds of iron machin- 
 ery. A stock company composed of Hiner & White's creditors now run the shops. 
 
 T 
 
652 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The only boiler works in Fond du Lac are situated on Arndt street, and owned by J. C. 
 Pierron. He has all the local trade, and constructs large boilers for mills and steamboats in. 
 various portions of the country. 
 
 Jacob Kunze has a wagon-shop on Division and Sophia streets, at which mostly heavy work 
 is turned out. 
 
 YACHT CLUBS. 
 
 Of all the Wisconsin lakes, there is not one to compare with Winnebago for yachting. 
 The shores are low, and, as a usual thing, cultivated, with very little timber, save the beautiful 
 wooded points, with here and there just a fringe, to screen the growing crops from the strong winds. 
 Thus storms approaching the lake can be seen, prepared for, or a safe harbor reached. Even 
 if it were necessary to beach a boat, it could be done anywhere, on either shore, without the 
 slightest damage to the craft, and with nothing more than a partial wetting of the persons in it. 
 
 This lake is also one of the finest for the concomitant of yachting, that is, camping out, 
 either beside the cool springs of the east shore, or in the shady groves which are still left on 
 most all the high, projecting points on the west shore. 
 
 But the greatest blessings are sometimes the least prized — at least, it appears so in the case 
 of Fond du Lac people, who are just beginning to appreciate what they have for so long 
 neglected. But they are rapidly making up for lost time. 
 
 Indulgence in these aquatic sports, however, has become a habit only, so to speak, to the 
 few. The many are yet to taste the joys and reap the benefits to mind and body that they are 
 sure to give. Their growth has been slow, but, at this writing, it is a good, healthy growth, 
 and possibly, by the end of another decade, the lake, large as it is, will be insufficient for the 
 demands put upon it in this regard. 
 
 The pioneers in yachting were good men, all possessed of an ardent desire to be good 
 yachtmen ; good swimmers, plucky fellows, but without a particle of experience as to building, 
 rigging, manning or sailing a yacht. 
 
 In 1865, an organization was perfected, as follows : S. A. Dudley, Captain (qualifications 
 — related to a ship carpenter) ; R. A. Baker, Capitalist (qualifications — served a term of years 
 as purser on board the United States steamer Michigan) ; John Mathews, First Officer (qualifi- 
 cations — crossed the Atlantic in a sail vessel); T. S. Weeks, Second Officer (qualifications — 
 went across the Hudson in a skiff when a small boy) ; James Coleman, wader (qualifications — 
 height, and ability to walk ashore in case of accident). 
 
 During the winter of 1865, thev bought an old fishing boat, and with the aid of Col. Ewen 
 and Capt. Johnson, rigged it out, in April of that year, with a lug sail and steering oar. Dur- 
 ing high water in the spring, they launched it in what is known as " Meyer Sluice," which, at 
 that time, extended up from the lake to Scott street, opposite W. H. Hiner's residence. Here 
 the first naval school was established for Fond du Lac. They cruised up and down this sluice 
 during the entire season. When the wind was abeam, the sailing was fair both ways ; but with 
 a north wind, they had to tow their craft down and sail back, and with a south wind, vice versa. 
 Their skill and efficiency being approved (by themselves), the yacht Water Lily was ordered 
 built in Milwaukee, to be delivered here in time for the season of 1866. 
 
 This little boat, just sixteen feet over all, rigged with portable mast, sprit-sail and oars, 
 took the city by storm, and yachting commenceil in earnest. 
 
 The Water Lily's complement of men being six, another man was shipped, and George P. 
 Knowles was taken in the capacity of cook. 
 
 Long excursions were taken in this boat, frequently making the entire circuit of the lake. 
 She proved an excellent sea boat, and soon established a reputation for safety. This snug little 
 craft is still afloat, at her moorings, off R. A. Baker's cottage, at Green Lake. 
 
 The next accession to the yachting interest was the yacht Rosendale, built at Rosendale, 
 in this county, and put into the waters of Lake Winnebago in 1868, her owners being the Rev. 
 II. W. Beers and H. H. Tenbrock, then a candidate for orders, and subsequently ordained a 
 priest. He made, during the summer months, this boat his home, using it as a means of transit 
 
HISTORY- OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 653 
 
 to the various points on the lake to which he was assigned for missionary labor. Being no 
 sailor, he depended upon any one he could pick up who professed to have the slightest knowl- 
 edge or experience in this line. The consequence was that the Rosendale was continually over- 
 due, either being ashore, wind-bound, or in some creek, or high and dry on the beach ; so that, 
 when Mr. Beers had occasion to want the boat for his favorite fishing excursions, recourse was 
 had to the Water Lily's crew to hunt her up and bring her into port. 
 
 A choice amusement of Tenbrock's was to take six to eight of the parish schoolboys on 
 board this vessel and put out for a day's sport, the outcome being that when night set in, and 
 the boys had not returned, so many an.xious mothers had started out as many anxious fathers, 
 to go in search of the supposed lost vessel and crew. As a usual thing, about 9 o'clock in the 
 evening, Capt. Johnson, of the tug Minnie, would be got up and dispatched to the relief of the 
 Rosendale. As a matter of course, he returned no wiser than he went. In the mean time, the 
 boys would have found their way home, some on foot, some in farmers' wagons, and foot-sore, 
 tired and half-famished, to gladden the hearts of their distressed parents. Tenbrock. in the 
 end, became a good sailor, keeps the boat still, which now makes one of the fleet on Green Bay. 
 
 The advent of the Daisy, in 1870, was an event of marked importance to yachting, which 
 was not confined to any one locality on the lake. This vessel was a Boston-built yacht, 19 feet 
 6 inches over all, by 8 feet 6 inches beam, and the best weather vessel ever sailed on the lake. 
 She had fair speed and great beauty. She was hailed with delight all along shore, and stimu- 
 lated a generous rivalry, that has led to the present state of yachting on the lake. 
 
 Her Captain, the lamented Dudley, had made himself master of the art of managing 
 water craft of this description, and to his zeal and enterprise, more than anything else, were the 
 yachtmen indebted for the Daisj'' being placed upon these waters. 
 
 He was assisted by R. A. Baker, H. H. Dodd, L. L. Lowry, John S. McDonald, and I. 
 K. Hamilton, in the purchase and transportation of this little craft to Fond du Lac Harbor. 
 Messrs. Baker and Dodd, who have fallen heir to this little old lady of a yacht, keep her now 
 at Green Lake. 
 
 Next the Gipsy was built here by Z. k I. W. Maxim, in 1871, the same gentlemen who 
 have since built the Belle, and the steam yacht Guy. The first formal organization was made 
 in 1871, with but these four boats represented, viz., Rosendale, Liberty, Daisy and Gipsy. 
 The organization was styled the Fond du Lac Yacht Club. The first officers were: H. H. Dodd, 
 Commodore ; R. A. Baker, Vice Commodore ; S. A. Dudley, Fleet Captain ; George P. Knowles, 
 Secretary and Treasurer. This club continued to be the nucleus around which the yachting 
 interest gathered, until 1878, when the great number of yachts and diversity of interests 
 demanded a new organization, which was perfected by the election of the following officers : H. 
 H. Dodd, Commodore ; C. H. Benton, Vice Commodore ; H. C. Dittmar, Fleet Captain ; 
 Thomas Terrell, Measurer; Robert H. Wharton, Secretary; R. C. Baker, Treasurer. 
 
 The number of yachts now is fifteen of all sail, of which the Mystic, Pinafore, Lolita, 
 Lulu, Hawk, Aquila, and the steam yacht Guy, may be noted as equal to any in the State as 
 to beauty, speed and safety. 
 
 CONFLAGRATIONS. 
 
 Fond du Lac, when compared with other cities of equal size, has, fortunately, suffered from 
 few conflagrations resulting in great loss of life or property. As it is largely a wooden city, 
 this freedom from destructive fires is considered remai-kable by those who are not acquainted 
 with the promptness and efficiency of its Fire Department and its admirable water-supply for 
 fire purposes. The earliest fires, of which no record was kept because there was no organized 
 fire department, entailed the greatest comparative loss, because the inhabitants wei"e poor, insur- 
 ance companies were little patronized, and building material was scarce. 
 
 On the 13th of May, 1847, Charles Kenkall's house, with all its furniture and all the 
 money he possessed, was consumed by fire. This was an almost irretrievable loss, as the prop- 
 erty was not insured 
 
654 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Under the head of "Terrible Conflagration," some person, name not known, wrote, in 
 December, 1848, an extravagant account of the destruction by fire of the first schoolhouse 
 erected in Fond du Lac. The buihling was located on Fifth, between Marr and Main streets : 
 
 " On the evening of the 12th inst., our quiet village was visited by the most destructive 
 fire ever known in this place, within the memory of the oldest inhabitant I The Congrega- 
 tional, Baptist, Presbyterian and Methodist Churches, the former Court House, the Academy, 
 the Town Hall, the Franklin Schoolhouse and lecture-room, besides the spacious room occupied 
 as the public room of the Lyceum, together with their valuable contents and all the outbuild- 
 ings, were, in the short space of a few hours, entirely consumed ! ! 
 
 " Although it was not discovered until near the dread hour of midnight, and the weather 
 was intensely cold, still our efficient and well-trained Fire Department was soon on the ground, 
 endeavoring, by its magnanimous and almost superhuman efibrts, to stay the devouring element; 
 but, in defiance of their utmost efforts, the flames continued to spread with grent rapidity from 
 one to another of the above-mentioned buildings, until the whole were completely wrapped in 
 one enveloping sheet of flame ! I It was truly a grand and appalling sight. 
 
 " It is uncertain, as yet, how or by what means this terrible catastrophe was brought 
 about ;, but it is generally believed to have been caused by the contact of fire with the wooden 
 portion of the schoolhouse. 
 
 " The calamity is much more severely felt at this particular season of the year, as the 
 building cannot, probably, be replaced before ne.xt summer. The ruins present a sad appear- 
 ance, indeed, comprising the entire number of buildings in the block. Our village wears a 
 really forsaken aspect. Not a public building of any consequence is left, e.xcept the jail, ball- 
 alley and billiard- room, besides a few other holes of a worse sort ! " 
 
 The substance of the above inflated account of the destruction of the small wooden school- 
 house was telegraphed to some of the leading newspapers, from which news went to the people 
 of the entire Union that Fond du Lac had been wiped out of existence by fire. Newspapers, 
 published in other cities and States, could not know that a single pine building of one room 
 was used as a church for several denominations, a court house, lyceum, " academy " and all the 
 other purposes enumerated in the account sent abroad ; and these localities, doubtless, which to 
 this day have not been disabused of the impi-ession, believe that Fond du Lac was at that time 
 laid in ashes. The joke Avas a very good one, but it caused much needless anxiety in the hearts 
 of those who lived in other States and had friends in Fond du Lac, and, the next week, the 
 labors of the Postmaster were increased by the numerous letters inquiring about the " terrible 
 fire." 
 
 On Saturday night, January 17, 1852, the wooden block belonging to E. W. Davis, situ- 
 ated on the east side of Main street and occupied by Drs. John Pantillon, W. T. Galloway, N. 
 W. Howard and L. Kellogg; Johnson's saloon and Mr. Norwood's store were burned. Adjoin- 
 ing buildings were saved by tearing down a small building belonging to Mrs. Rapelje. 
 
 This was considered a large fire, and the enthusiastic ones who turned out with buckets 
 and pails to carry water, had not finished reciting their exploits when, on Monday morning 
 (two days later), the row of wooden blocks between First and Second streets, on the east side of 
 Main street, was discovered to be on fire. The weather was intensely cold, the thermometer 
 indicating 22° below zero, and the few gallons of water the citizens attempted to carry frequently 
 congealed before they reached the fire. That entire block was burned, except Darling, Wright 
 k Co.'s Exchange Bank, which stood on the corner of First and Main streets, where Wells' 
 Bank now stands. This was a wooden building, built for temporary occupation, and Dr. Wright 
 rushed in, as soon as he reached the scene of destruction, and filled his ample pockets with 
 $20,000 in bills, and then went out to fight fire. D. R. Curran and A. P. & G. N. Lyman 
 were the heaviest losers, Mr. Curran's store and stock of goods being burned, and his dwelling- 
 house, near by, damaged to the extent of §300. The Lyman Block was valued at $2,500. 
 Case & Ailing lost $3,000 in stock ; Carswell & Dee, $1,000 in dry goods ; Mr. Nash, on 
 building, occupied by Carswell & Dee, $1,200 ; John H. Martin, on building occupied by Case 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 655 
 
 & Ailing, $500, and other losses, the .amounts not given, by H. C. Keys, A. D. Bonesteel, Z. L. 
 Chapman, W. A. Dewey, D. Lyon and others. There was a finger, an ear, a toe or a nose 
 frozen for every thousand dollars of damage wrought. The liveliest scene was at the reservoir, 
 on the corner of Main and Second streets, where those who attempted to save goods were show- 
 ering each other to extinguish burning clothing. 
 
 One of the greatest losses by fire at one time was in 1866, when the east side of Main 
 street burned from Robert A. Baker's bank north to, and including, the Lewis House, which 
 stood on the present Patty House site ; and east on Sheboygan street far enough to destroy the 
 dwelling-house and outbuildings belonging to Richard Dix. 
 
 March 4, 1868, the High School building burned to the ground. Loss, $16,000. 
 
 In the spring of 1878, a small dwelling in " Lower Town " caught fire from an unknown 
 cause, and was totally destroyed. George Hewins, a maimed soldier, who had lodgings in the 
 building, was burned to death. 
 
 On September 8, 1879, five wooden buildings on the east side of Main street, between 
 Second and Third, were burned. The fire began, from an unknown cause, in Thomas Gibson's 
 store, in which himself and an eight-year old daughter were burned to death. The buildings 
 were old, and the greatest loss was that of life. 
 
 The burning of the McDonald & Nightingale paper-mill, in 1878, entailed a loss of 
 $25,000. 
 
 In the winter' of 1874-75, the row of wooden buildings from Opera Hall to the Rottman 
 Block, on the east side of Main street, were burned. 
 
 The fire that probably entailed the greatest loss of property was set, July 15, 1871, by 
 sparks from the steamer Gabe Bouck in the Bannister warehouse, on Scott street. Twenty-two 
 buildings, including the Mihills Mills and Factory and a large quantity of lumber and wood, 
 were destroyed. Loss, $100,000, with less than $10,000 insurance. 
 
 RIENZI CEMETERY. 
 
 In an early day, as is the case with all new settlements, Fond du Lac had no burial place. 
 Matters ran along thus past the usual period when action is taken in this direction, and when 
 Eastman & White took possession of the Journal, they trained their guns on what was termed 
 the barbarity of the people of the village for neglecting to provide a suitable burying-place for 
 the dead, and in their issue of May 4, 1849, published the following article : 
 
 " Fond du Lac Village, containing 1,200 inhabitants, has no public or private burial 
 ground, but buries her dead in the public highway. We never before saw a village without a 
 graveyard of some kind. In the wildest times of the wildest State of the West, her people 
 always respected the dead, and gave them some decent habitation. The Indian tribes honor 
 the dust of the departed, and protect their graves from destruction. But Fond du Lac, whose 
 people claim relationship with the oldest, the most Christian-like, moral aVid enlightened of the 
 old States, dig their graves by the roadside, and bury their friends where the cattle's hoofs and 
 passing vehicles will soon obliterate all marks of their resting-place ! Whose duty is it to see 
 to this matter ? If the duty of nobody, who will volunteer to rescue Fond du Lac from its 
 reputation ? The act incorporating our village says : ' Section 14. The Trustees shall have 
 the following powers : To purchase, hold, own and lay out graveyards or cemeteries, to regulate 
 the burial of the dead, and to make and enforce any regulation or ordinance relating to the 
 same.' " 
 
 But no public burial place was secured, and the highland on the east side of Main street, a mile 
 south of the city, was used as a cemetery, as it had been from the earliest settlement of Fond 
 du Lac, the first interment being that of Fanny Pier, wife of Colwert Pier, who died March 1, 
 1838. Later, the beautiful knoll, now occupied by the "old grounds" of Rienzi Cemetery, 
 was used by a few who would not bury their friends by the roadside ; but it was only used as 
 such by sufferance, being owned and occupied by N. P. Tallmadge. The spot contained a 
 grave, however, before it was seized upon by any portion of the public as a burial place. Mr. 
 
656 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Tallmadge had been contemplating making a gift of land for cemetery purposes, and walked 
 out, one day, with his son, William D., then a young man, to look over the place now called 
 Rienzi. The " Governor," as he was popularly called, thought what is now known as the "new 
 grounds" would be suitable for burial purposes; but the son chose the lower hill, or what is 
 known as the " old grounds, ' saying, " When I die, I wish to be buried right here." It was a 
 beautiful spot, and, four weeks later, he was buried on the very ground he stood upon when the 
 wish was uttered. That settled tlie choice of location, and Mr. Tallmadge laid out around his 
 son's grave eight and one-half acres for a cemetery. This was the beginning of what finally 
 became the beautiful Rienzi Cemetery — William D. Tallmadge being the first to choose the location 
 and the first to sleep in its bosom. 
 
 The following is the record of the incorporation of Rienzi Cemetery, as found in the 
 Register's Ofiice: 
 
 WiiESEA.s, On the lOth day of August, iu the yeai- of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, 
 pursuant to agreement and pursuant to the statute in sucli cases made and provided, the following persons, residing 
 in the county of Fond du Lac in the State of Wisconsin, desirous to form an association for the purpose of procuring 
 and holding lands to he used exclusively for a cemetery, or burial place for the dead — namely, K. P. Tallmadge, M. 
 .J. Thomas, A, U. Donesleel, Robert A. Baker, Napoleon Boardman, Isaac S. Tallmadge and A. G. Butler, met at the 
 banking-house of A. G Butler, in the city of Fond du Lac, and proceeded to appoint the undersigned, N. P. Tall- 
 madge, Chairman, and A. D. Bonesteel, Secretary, by a vote of a majority of the persons present ; 
 
 Xow, therefore, the undersigned Chairman and Secretary, as aforesaid, do certify, pursuant to the statute iu 
 such case made and provided, tliat, at such meeting'. X. P. Tallmadge, M. J. Thomas, A. D. Bonesteel, Kobert A. 
 Baker, N. Boardman and A. G. Butler, attended, as associates; that the corporate name of the association determined 
 upon by the majority of the persons who met was " The Rienzi Cemetery :" th.at the number of Trustees fixed upon 
 to manage the concerns of the association was seven ; that tlie names of the Trustees chosen at said meeting are N. 
 P. Tallmadge, JL .1. Thomas, A. U. Bonesteel, Robert A. Baker, N. Boardman, L S. Tallmadge and A. G Butler, for 
 the purpose of managing the aiJairs of said association, to be known by its corporate name as " The Rienzi Ceme- 
 tery;" that the undersigned, as Chairman and Secretary, aforesaid, proceeded to divide the said Trustees into three 
 classes, by lot, as follows : Those of the first class to hold their offices one year, those in the second class two years, 
 and those in the third class three years, as follows : First class, N. Boardman and A. G. Butler; second class, Robert 
 A. Baker and M. .1. Thomas; third class, N. P. Tallmadge, A. D. Bonesteel and I. S. Tallmadge. 
 
 And the undersigned Chairman and Secretary, aforesaid, do further certify that the future annual election of 
 Trustees of said association, known as "The Rienzi Cemetery,*' was fixed to be held on the second Monday of 
 August, iu each year, at such place as said Trustees shall from time to time appoint. All of which, the undersigned 
 Chairman and Secretary, as aforesaid, do hereby certify, pursuant to the statute in such case made and provided, 
 and, in witness whereof, have hereunto set their bauds this Kith day of August, 1853. 
 
 (Signed) N. P. Tallm.^dre. Chairman. 
 
 A. D. Bonesteel, Secretary. 
 
 This act of incorporation, duly sworn to, was recorded, on the same day and year, in Vol. I 
 of " Cemeteries and Power of Attorneys," page 61. On August 17, 1853, a meeting of the 
 officers was held, and N. P. Tallmadge chosen President ; A. D. Bonesteel, Secretary, and 
 Robert A. Baker, Treasurer. It was then decided to purchase, for $400, thirty-nine and six- 
 tenths acres of land of N. P. Tallmadge for cemetery purpo.ses (a portion of which had already 
 been laid out and used as a cemetery by Mr. Tallmadge), and to grant to him, free of charge, 
 forever, such a plat or tract as he might choose as a burial place for his family. At a subse- 
 quent meeting, held in December of the same year, N. P. Tallmadge offered to convey to the 
 association, free of charge, a tract of eight and one-half acres which he had already inclosed 
 and laid out as a cemetery, which offer was accepted. That tract is now known as the " old 
 grounds," and is composed of the first knoll of land at the entrance to the cemetery, ia Sec- 
 tions IS and 19, town of Empire, situated two and one-half miles southeast of the city. The 
 tract of thirty-nine and six-tenths acres was, therefore, not purchased. 
 
 N. Boardman was authorized to survey and lay out lots, walks and avenues in the ceme- 
 tery, the expense of which should be paid out of the sale of lots, and proceeded immediately to 
 do so. 
 
 In October, 1868, the Trustees authorized the purchase, at $20 per acre, of N. P. Tall- 
 madge, a tract of twenty-four acres of land, lying east of the " old grounds," which was done, 
 and the land was immediately laid out and offered for sale. Rienzi now contains thirty-two and 
 
HISTOEY OF POND DU LAC COUNTY. ' 657 
 
 one-half acres, composed of beautiful hills and valleys, covered with oaks, and carpeted in sum- 
 mer with a profusion of wild flowers. It is one of the most charming spots in nature, lying 
 nearly a half-mile from the street, and reached by a smooth carriage-way, shaded on either side 
 by thrifty trees, and refreshed by a clear spring brook. In the valley between the old and new 
 grounds is a miniature artificial lake, fed by a never-failing spring, as though from the very 
 resting-place and ashes of the dead gushed forth the water of life. An extract from the report 
 of the Trustees in 1877 is here made : 
 
 " It is the natural feeling of the human heart that it would lie down by the side of its 
 kindred after it has ceased to beat : that one inclosure should garner its aslies. Our dust is 
 sacred. In this cemetery we expect to bury our friends, and we expect they will bury us there. 
 In those sacred shades now rest the remains of its founder. N. P. Tallmadge died in the month 
 of November, 1864, and was interred upon the spot selected and beautified during his life. 
 There he sleeps by the side of his wife and sons who had gone before ; distinguished in life as 
 astatesman. Senator, Governor and literary man, he is at last gathered to his fathers. 
 
 " Since our organization, in addition to our clearing the grounds (which was a dense wood) 
 and fencing it, including the lane leading to it, we have purchased and paid for twenty-four 
 acres, built an observatory and a handsome stone vault, a house for the sexton, and expended 
 nearly $200 for a fountain near the sexton's house, besides keeping the grounds in good order." 
 
 At a meeting of the Trustees of Rienzi Cemetery, held August 12, 1875, the prices of lots 
 were fixed as follows : In the old grounds, $30 each ; in the new grounds, $50 (to be paid in 
 cash to the Treasurer, before an order will be given to open the ground for interment) ; single 
 graves for adults, $5 ; single graves for children under twelve years of age, $3. Sexton's fees, 
 digging graves, $3. For use of vault for one month, or less, $5 ; over one month, $1 per week 
 additional. 
 
 The "old grounds" contain a " potter's field," a lot belonging to the Freemasons and one 
 owned by the Odd Fellows. 
 
 FLOODS AND FRESHETS. 
 
 No one who drives over the smooth, solid pavements and splendidly macadamized roads 
 in and about Fond du Lac, can form any adequate conception of the condition of the 
 streets, roadways, streams, prairies and dooi'yards in early times, nor can any pen record a 
 description that will do justice to the subject. The site on which the city stands was level, and 
 but a few feet in its highest place above the lake or rivers. The soil was deep, rich and mellow, 
 finely adapted in every way to the production of mud. This mud, which was black in some 
 places, and a dirty yellow in others, was endowed with such consistency and stickiness as could 
 be boasted of by no other article in the same line. In wet times, the whole prairie in and sur- 
 rounding Fond du Lac would be covered by water, on which myriads of ducks appeared in sea- 
 son. The roads were almost wholly impassable, teams being frequently from three to five days 
 on the road to Sheboygan, and the stage three or four days on the road from Milwaukee. On 
 these occasions, the rich verdure and beautiful wild flowers of the prairies did not always sup- 
 press profanity, and the most dejected, forlorn and bedraggled horses and men ever beheld, were 
 those arriving in the village with the stage. 
 
 The main street in the spring and fall had the appearance of a long vat of blacking, and 
 the other streets were successions of bottomless sloughs and prodigious ruts. Nor could any of 
 them be avoided, for one portion of the fenceless prairie was as soft and sticky as any other. 
 The stickiness of this mud can be likened to nothing but the irresistible grip of the octopus. 
 Whenever a wheel or a foot sunk into an unusually deep hole, it seemed to be grasped at once 
 by some immeasurable power below, which would not diminish or let go. 
 
 The Fond du Lac Journal of June 16, 1847, mentioned the public roads in the following 
 comprehensive paragraph : 
 
 " We would earnestly call the attention of the proper authorities to the condition of the 
 public roads and bridges in this vicinity, and especially between Fond du Lac and Taycheedah, 
 where, within a few days, several accidents have happened. It is mortifying in the extreme to 
 
658 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 hear the comments of strangers on the public spirit of the people of this town, and we hope tO' 
 see the evil remedied without delay." 
 
 In 1850, when James Ewen was keeping the Lewis House on the corner where the Patty 
 House now stands, the mud was as universal and deep as it had ever been. In fact, everything 
 was blockaded by muddy roads, and business was almost at a standstill. He waded out into the 
 street before the inmates of the hotel were up in the morning, and placed a pair of boots and a 
 hat in the mud, in such shape as to resemble a man just disappearing in the earthy mucilage. 
 Knowing the possibilities of the surrounding country in wet times, many of the burghers at first 
 thought a man had been indeed drowned on land, and the frightened children refused to pass on 
 their way to school until " the man " was helped out of the mud. 
 
 On another occasion, a prominent lumberman rented for his family the house situated on 
 Macy street, in the j-ear of Amory Hall, in which the family of the late Robert Flint resides, to 
 the end that during his absence in the woods there should be no trouble in reaching the main 
 street for provisions and groceries. He was absent a little over three weeks, and on his return, 
 was informed the children hadn't been out of the house, which was surrounded by water, during 
 that time. When anything was wanted from the stores or neighbors. Milt. Ewen, now a resident 
 of Fond du Lac, then a boy ten years of age, rolled his pantaloons up as near to his waist as 
 possible, and went barefoot on the errands. 
 
 As late as September, 1855, a man rowed a canoe from Oshkosh to the Rock River Valley, 
 the water being deep enough on the marsh in Oakfield Township for his passage to the Rock River. 
 
 In 1855, the mill-dam back of the Court House, and the bridge on Western avenue, were 
 carried away by a flood, and more than a dozen times have thousands of feet of lumber, and hun- 
 dreds of cords of wood been afloat in Lower Town. In 1869, occurred a remarkable freshet, in 
 which nearly every portion of the city was flooded ; cellars without number were full, and water 
 stood in the rooms on the ground floor of scores of residences. A swift stream of muddy water, 
 as broad as the street, rushed down Fourth and Main streets, leaving a large shed or outbuild- 
 ing — which had been brought from another quarter of the city — on Main street, near the Ameri- 
 can House; carrying lumber, wood, boxes, barrels and furniture out into the lake, and destroy- 
 ing the newspaper files and a stock of paper for the Commonwealth newspaper. These floods 
 were owing mostly to the fact that the de Neveu Creek, which is a narrow, tortuous stream, 
 flowing through the east portion of the city, is several feet higher than Main street, or any street 
 between it and Fond du Lac River. Whenever, therefore, its banks were overflowed, the city 
 was flooded. In 1870, the '' Dutch Gap," a deep, wide canal extending across the south border 
 of the city to the river, was dug at public expense, and, in 1879, de Neveu Creek bed was 
 deepened, widened and straightened, so that the disastrous floods of the past will never occur 
 again. 
 
 When any one has a desire to verify the stories told of the early mud embargoes, they have 
 only to repair to some spot on Main street where gas or water pipes are being laid, where first 
 stone, then plank, then gravel, then plank, and, finally, sticks and brush will be found extend- 
 ing several feet below the surface, and showing the different efforts made to rise above the canals 
 of black mucilage, which were the most serious drawbacks to the early growth and development 
 of Fond du Lac. 
 
 INCIDENTS AND FIRST THINHS. 
 
 On Thursday evening, January 14, 1847, Eli Hooker, now of W&upun, then of the Fond 
 du Lac Journal, delivered a temperance lecture at the schoolhouse. 
 
 In the winter of 1847—48, the people of the village convened twice for donation purposes. 
 The first time Rev. H. R. Colman, now a resident of this city, received about $150, and the 
 second time Rev. L. C. Spofford received $123.21 — -amounts fully equal to those resulting from 
 donations of the present time. 
 
 In May, 1848, the first circus and menagerie — Raymond & Co.'s — visited Fond du Lac 
 Village. Everybody went, and it was the talk of the villagers during several weeks afterward- 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 659 
 
 The ground where S. B. & J. Amory first built their gunshop, and where Amory Hall now 
 stands, cost $10 per foot. The site is now worth $14,000. 
 
 Main street, beginning at Forest street, bears to the east several degrees, which makes 
 "jogs " in the streets, extending either way, perpendicularly from it. The main street of the 
 Fond du Lac Company's plat was thus diverted by Dr. Mason C. Darling, who turned it east- 
 ward from the East Branch River in order to preserve the " water-lots." He had an idea the 
 stream would be made navigable at some future day, and lots next to it (for wharves and ware- 
 houses) would be valuable. His idea was never realized, and Macy street afterward cut through 
 the land intended for "water-lots." 
 
 In 1845, the citizens of the village of Fond du Lac congregated to discuss the action of 
 the County Commissioners, who had purchased, for the Sheriff, a pair of brass and steel shackles, 
 at a cost of $2.50. The heavy taxpayers characterized the transaction as an "outrageous 
 extravagance," while those slip-shod-and-go-easy citizens who occasionally fell into the custody 
 of the Sheriff vehemently protested that it was the height of indignity to put shackles on a 
 man in a free country. 
 
 The famous Taycheedah Democratic Convention was held the day on which Edward Beeson 
 published his paper, the Fond da hue Journal. He was anxious to lay the proceedings before his 
 patrons, but could not do so and " catch the mail." He therefore wrote out an elaborate account 
 of the proceedings of the convention and inserted it, the papers being all delivered before the 
 convention had fairly met. In order to have everything jibe, he started for Taycheedah with 
 the bogus proceedings in his pocket and actually had the same persons appointed for chairman, 
 secretary and committee as were named in his article, and so manipulated the convention as to 
 make the nominations tally exactly with those announced several hours before in the Journal. 
 For nearly thirty years it was not settled whether Mr. Beeson was a wizard or had a vision. 
 
 On Monday, August 2-3, 1847, Dr. Cator's house was entered by robbers and $142 in 
 cash taken. This was a heavy robbery for those days, and was a serious loss to Dr. Cator. 
 
 The first real steamboat excursion was in July, 1847, which went around Lake Winnebago 
 on the steamer Manchester. 
 
 Upon one occasion, in the early fifties, J. C ("Curt") Lewis and Nathaniel Waterbury 
 desired to enter some pine lands above Shawano, 100 miles from Fond du Lac. Mr. Waterbury 
 started on horseback, taking a good animal from the livery stable, and Mr. Lewis started on 
 foot. The friends of each laid wagers on which would reach the destination first. Those who 
 bet on Mr. Lewis won, for he reached the place, located his lands and met Mr. W^aterbury on a 
 jaded horse several miles south of Shawano. On these wonderful journeys, Mr. Lewis rested 
 himself by running when he got tired of walking, and by walking when he was tired of run- 
 ning. 
 
 The first celery ever brought to Fond du Lac to be sold was grown by James Smith, an 
 English gardener — who is now a resident of Empire — and driven about the streets and to the dif- 
 ferent groceries. For some time no one was found who knew what it was, and, after smelling 
 of the neatly tied bunches, the people would turn up their noses, wag their heads and pass by 
 on the other side. Finally, Dr. T. S. Wright, seeing Mr. Smith's wagon, seized a bunch of the 
 celery and began to devour it, much to the astonishment of those who had been entirely satis- 
 fied with the smell of " the truck." Finally, James Ewen, who kept the Lewis House, purchased 
 the entire lot, and thereafter Mr. Smith found a market for his "decayed pie-plant," as some 
 of the citizens called the celery. 
 
 J. V¥. Partridge was badly injured in the famous Belleville railway disaster of November 1, 
 1859. He boarded at the Lewis House, which stood on the corner of Main and Sheboygan 
 streets, where the Patty House now stands, and had a room in the third story. The polls for 
 that ward were held in the same building, on the ground floor, and directly under Mr. Part- 
 ridge's bedroom window. He had a strong desire to vote, but could not leave his bed. He 
 asked the inspectors to allow a friend to deposit a ballot for him, but they refused, as they did 
 of course, to carry the ballot-box to his room. But T. F. Strong, Jr., mastered the situation. 
 
660 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 He moved Mr. Partridge's bed to the window, got a string of sufficient length to reach the 
 ground. Mr. Partridge attached a ballot to the string and leaned out of the window, so that 
 the chairman of the ward could know and identify him, and the ballot was lowered and received. 
 The first Fourth of July celebration ever held in Fond du Lac was in 1848. when speeches 
 were made by S. Judd, of Fo.n; Lake, and S. W. Beall, G. D. Ruggles, Alexander W. Stow and 
 E. W. Drury. The Sunday-school scholars had a picnic, and the day was generally observed. 
 While searching for his oxen, Charles Bigford was drowned in Fond du Lac River, on the 
 18th of October, 1848. 
 
 In October, 1847, Finley & Morrow established a stage line between Fond du Lac and 
 Oshkosh, and, in the following November, a weekly stage and mail line was established between 
 Fond du Lac and Watertown. 
 
 On the 22d of October, 1847, considerable excitement was caused by the lecture of a fugi- 
 tive slave, named Lewis Washington, on the condition of negroes in the South. He was the 
 first negro to appear in public in Fond du Lac. 
 
 In 1844, George Mc Williams sold 300 bushels of potatoes, which he had raised the year 
 before, on the west side of the river and kept through the winter in "heaps," covered with prairie 
 grass and earth, for three shillings per bushel. Settlers came from twenty miles in either direc- 
 tion to secure them. He also fattened a ton of pork, which was the first exported from the 
 settlement or fattened, except for family use. 
 
 After cars began to run to Fond du Lac in 1859, on what is now the Chicago k North- 
 western Railway, the "devil" on one of the city papers, who had been left in charge of the 
 office during the editor's absence, lost his position and pay by writing and publishing with all 
 due gravity the following descriptive paragraph: "The cars are quite long, and capable of hold- 
 ing sixty passengers with doors at each end!" 
 
 John A. Eastman budt the first law office in Fond du Lac. It stood on Main street, about 
 half-way between First and Second streets. 
 
 On the 27th of January, 1849, a public meeting was held at the court house to organize 
 for protection against horse-thieves and burglars, their depredations having become unbearable. 
 
 A fellow came from Racine to Fond du Lac in the latter part of 1848 to take one of the 
 Fountain City belles to wife, and, the next week, the following paragraph in the paper set the 
 society gossipers into a flurry : 
 
 "A Fine Wedding Gift.— Giving the bride the prairie itch while vowing at the altar to 
 love, cherish and protect. The idea is not original with us. We deal only in facts." 
 
 In the days before artesian wells were known in Fond du Lac, and even as late as 1846-47, 
 the settlers were compelled to go for fresh water to a spring situated three-quarters of a mile 
 west of Main street, where B. F. Moore's stone quarry now is. 
 
 There were few gardens belonging to the first settlers of Fond du Lac which were inclosed 
 by fences, and the potatoes and " sass " raised therein by the thrifty, but needy, inhabitants 
 were very frequently stolen by the Indians, who were numerous. They were bold about their 
 depredations of this sort, solemnly entering the gardens in broad daylight, and often, despite 
 all protests and threats, appropriating whatever they desired. 
 
 Edward Beeson, now editor of the Wisconsin Farmer, gave to Fond du Lac the name of 
 "Fountain City," by referring to it in his paper as "the city of fountains," finally reducing 
 the expression to "Fountain City." 
 
 In August, 1848, a tri-weekly mail was established between Fond du Lac and Milwaukee. 
 
 In September, 1849, two persons, a woman and her child, died in Fond du Lac with the 
 cholera. For a few days there was great consternation lest the disease should spread, but it did 
 not. 
 
 The city of Fond du Lac was lighted by gas the first time on the evening of Thursday, 
 September 18, 1862. 
 
 The Common Council ordered at its second meeting, in September, 1862, that a committee, 
 composed of its members, go to Chicago as a guard of honor for the body of Edward S. Bragg, 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 661 
 
 who had been reported killed in battle. The committee went, as directed, but found instead of 
 Gen. Bragg's body, that of E. A. Brown. Mr. Brown was buried in the grave dug for the 
 body of Mr. Bragg. . 
 
 In May, 1867, Charles Susan sold in Fond du Lac 150 bushels of wheat for $500 to John 
 Marshall. On the same day, C. B. Bartlet paid $105 to John H. Martin for a fat cow. Those 
 were war prices. 
 
 EARLY TIMES IN FOND DU LAC. 
 
 BY JOHN A. EA.STMAN. 
 
 " When I was Postmaster of Fond du Lac (1845 to 1849), remuneration came from a per- 
 centage on receipts. In 1845, I kept the ofiRce in a small United States blue desk. Mail came 
 twice a week from Green Bay, Milwaukee and Fort Winnebago. The mail carrier, whose 
 name was Conklin, rode on horseback. All the letters were kept in one small pigeon-hole, and 
 when any one asked for mail I took all there were in the office in one hand and looked them 
 over with the other. 
 
 " Before I left the office I had to have a full set of alphabetical cases and a clerk. Three 
 times a week there would be ten to twenty bushels of mail matter to look over and distribute to 
 different routes — mostly single transient newspapers — and, as the heavy mails came in during 
 the night, it was not a luxury to distribute them, especially when the mercury was 20° below 
 zero. 
 
 " The first term of Territorial District Court was held in June, 1844, with A. G. Miller, 
 Judge ; ' Tom ' Sutherland, United States District Attorney ; Isaac Brown, Clerk ; John J. 
 Driggs, Sheriff ; Theodore Conkey and Alonzo Raymond, Deputies. Court was held in a small 
 frame schoolhouse standing on the east side of Main, between Second and Third streets. The 
 present Court House was built some years after, and was very well in its day, but it now seems 
 to be a standing disgrace to a large, wealthy and populous county. The grounds for the Court 
 House and public square were donated by M. C. Darling, and I doubt if the condition of the 
 gift is well performed by maintaining such a burlesque. 
 
 " Of course, the first lawyers to attend courts were from other older counties. It was the 
 practice then for lawyers to ' travel the circuit ; ' so there came to Fond du Lac, Marshall M. 
 Strong, E. G. Ryan, A. W. Stow, 'Squire Palmer, W. P. Lynde, J. E. Arnold, M,. L. Martin, 
 H. S. Baird and S. R. Cotton. 
 
 " The first resident lawyer was Stephen S. N. Fuller, from Great Bend, Penn. He set- 
 tled in Fond du Lac in 184.3, and lived and had his office in a small frame house opposite the 
 Court House east, where Bannister & Eldredge's office afterward was. He built the house with 
 his own hands. He moved to Hudson, and is now dead. 
 
 " The second resident lawyer was myself. I came from Franklin County, Me., and 
 settled at Fond du Lac in September, 1844. 
 
 " The third lawyer was W. H. Harmon, who only remained about one year and emigrated 
 to Iowa. The fourth was James Monroe Gillet, who came from EUicottville, N. Y., in 1846. 
 He drove a flabby, yellow, long-legged mare the entire distance from EUicottville to Fond du 
 Lac, and traded her to M. C. Darling for the lot where Cornwell's hardware store is on Main 
 street, next to D. R. Curran's drug store. Myron C. Eaton, who was drowned at St. 
 Anthony's Falls, Minn., Aamzi L. Williams and E. W. Drury followed later in 1846. 
 
 " The first school taught in the county was taught by Miss Harriet Harding, from Hing- 
 ham, Mass., in 1840-41, in the log house built by Edward Pier, which stood opposite the fair 
 grounds, then occupied by Russell McCarty. 
 
 " A school was taughc at Taycheedah by Edgar Conklin in 1842, to which scholars from 
 Fond du Lac went. In 1843 and 1844, Theodore Conkey taught school in the then new 
 schoolhouse in Fond du Lac. In the winter of 1844 and 1845, I taught a ' select school ' in 
 the same building ; had about twenty scholars, though they were not all from the village of 
 Fond du Lac. 
 
662 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DTT LAC COUNTY. 
 
 " The first physician was Dr. M. C. Darling, and the next was Dr. William H. Walker. 
 
 " Daniel W. Bromley was the first merchant in Fond du Lac. His store was opened in 
 1842. Dr. Darling gave him one and one-half acres of land as an inducement to open a store 
 there. 
 
 " Moses S. Gibson brought a stock of goods by the way of Sheboygan in 1844. He was 
 from Genesee County, N. Y. 0. S. Wright came with him as clerk. 
 
 " Clock & Weikert came to Fond du Lac with a stock of goods in October, 1844. They 
 went to Indian ' payment ' at Shawano, and after ' payment ' returned to Fond du Lac and 
 opened a store in the Fond du Lac Company's house, which was then occupied by George 
 McWilliams, who kept ' bachelor's hall.' The next spring, 1845, they came ' up town ' and 
 occupied Bromley's store, as he had gone to Milwaukee. 
 
 " Walter Smith and George W. Gillet opened a stove and hardware store in 1845. T. L. 
 Gillet opened a general store in 1846. George N. Lyman, of Sheboygan, opened a branch 
 store (W. A. Dewey, manager) in 1846, and David R. Curran opened the first drug store in 
 the fall of the same year. 
 
 "In 1844, Rev. William H. Sampson was residing at Fond du Lac, and was Presiding 
 Elder of that (Methodist) district. Mr. Joseph Lewis was circuit minister. After that came Mor- 
 gan L. Noble. He and T. P. Bingham, a Methodist minister, built a house on ' West Prairie.' 
 They occupied the house together, but disagreed, and, to divide interests, sawed the building 
 in two parts, and thus divorced themselves." 
 
 " INFORMATION WANTED." 
 
 Under the heading " Information Wanted," the Badger State newspaper at Portage City» 
 published October 1, 1853, the following : 
 
 " Will some of our Fox River boatmen inform us if the persons who attempted to make a 
 settlement at Fond du Lac have all moved away and abandoned the project? A. Hyatt Smith 
 told us there was such a place as Fond du Lac, and that he proposed running a branch of his 
 railroad to it, but we suppose the erection of the dam at Menasha has drowned it out. At all 
 events, we have sent copies of our paper regularly to the Union and Herald, directed to ' Fond 
 du Lac,' and have received no answering tidings ; from which fact it is to be inferred there is 
 nobody there, and, consequently, no such place as Fond du Lac ! " 
 
 
CHAPTEE IX. 
 
 CITY OF RIPON. 
 
 FiPiST Owners of Ripon— Early Settlement — Ripon's Early Progress— City' Incorporated 
 —City Officers, 1858 to 1880— Post Office— Public Schools— Ripon AVater-Power— Fire 
 Department— Gas-Works— Hotels of Ripon— Public Halls— Churches of Ripon — 
 Banks— Secret Societies— Benevolent, Literary and Other Societies— Manufactur- 
 ing Interests— Ripon Cemeteries— Conflagrations— Ripon's Fighting Career— "The 
 Booth War"— First Things— Growth of the City— Ripon of To-Day. 
 
 FIRST OWNERS OF RIPON. 
 
 The land on which is located the principal portion of the city of Ripon (not including 
 Ceresco) was bid oflf at the public-land sales in Green Bay, by John S. Horner, November .5, 
 1838. The "Patent," which was issued to Mary Eleanor Watson, of Washington, assignee of 
 John S. Horner, is dated October 2, 18-10. The next transfer was by Mr. Horner, as attorney 
 in fact for Mary Eleanor Watson, to David P. Mapes. This deed was as follows : 
 
 Warranty Deed. — This indenture, made this 28th day of April, in the year of our Lord 1849, between John 
 S. Horner, as attorney in fact of Mary Eleanor Watson, of the city of Washington, pursuant to a power of attorney 
 hereto annexed, of the tirst part, and David P. Mapes, of Fond du Lac County, Wis., of the second part, witnesseth ; 
 That the said party of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of $500, to him in hand paid, receipt 
 whereof i.s hereby confessed and acknowledged, does grant, bargain, sell, remise, release and convey unto the party 
 of the second pirt, and to his heirs and assigns forever, all the following lots in the town of Ripon, in the county of 
 Fond du Lac, Wis., according to the plat of s.aid town to be of record, to wit: Nos. 2 and 4, of Block 1 ; Lots No. 
 2, 3 and 5, of Block 2 : all of Block 3 ; Lot No. .5. of Block 4 ; Lots No. 2 and 3, of Block 5 ; Lots No. 2, 4, .5, 6 and 8, 
 ■ ofBlockG; Lots No. 2, 4, 6. 8. 10 and 11, of Block 8; Lots No. 2, 4 and .5, of Block 9 ; Lot No. 2, of Block 10 ; 
 also Outlots No. 1, 3 and 4; and he, the said Horner, as aforesaid, his heirs, executors and administrators, do cove- 
 nant with the said David P. Mapes as follows: First, that she, the said Mary Eleanor Watson, is lawfully seized of 
 the said premises; second, that she, the s lid Watson, has good right to convey the same, so that the same is free from 
 encumbrances ; that the said Watson and the said Horner will forever warrant and defend the title of the same 
 against all lawful claims. 
 
 Witness my baud and seal, the day and year first above written. 
 
 John S Hornek, AltiTtiey in fad for Mary Eleanor WaUon. 
 Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of Mary Frisbee and J. Wilber. 
 
 State of Wisconsin, Fund du Lac Cuunly, sx. — On April 28, 1849, came before me John S. Horner and acknowl- 
 edged the foregoing instrument to be his free act and deed. A. P. Mapes, Notary Public. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT OF RIPON. 
 
 Under the deed just recited, Mr. Mapes and his two sons struck the first blows for the 
 beginning of Ripon early in the spring of 1849. The transfer of land was burdened with cer- 
 tain conditions, one of which was that Mr. Mapes should build and have in running order a 
 public house and a grist-mill within one year, and that the hotel should be kept open by him 
 personally during the following year. 
 
 The buildings called for by Mr. Mapes' contract with Mr. Horner, required an outlay of 
 about $10,000, but was accomplished according to agreement, the mill being located a few rods 
 from the present Ripon Mills, and the hotel, called the Ripon House, where Wood's Hotel now 
 stands. 
 
 In order to induce settlers to locate at Ripon, Mr. Mapes gave away lots, upon condition 
 that the recipient5 should make certain improvements or erect thereon specified buildings before 
 a given time. The first was given to E. L. Northrup, on the east side of Public Square. The 
 terms imposed were that he should keep thereon a stock of goods open for sale one year. This was 
 
664 HISTORY OF FOND DF LAC COUNTY. 
 
 the first store in Ripon. The second was to Mr. Pedrick, on condition that he would erect and 
 paint a two-story building. The third was to Alexander Beardsley, who stipulated that he 
 would erect a blacksmith-shop, which he did, and which is the stone shop now standing just east 
 of Wood's Hotel on Jackson street. 
 
 The first building erected in Ripon was a board shanty, by Samuel Pedrick, near where 
 the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railway depot now stands. It was 12x24 feet, in one room, 
 and finished April 9, 1849. The lumber was sawed at Strong's Mill, Ceresco. Its occupants, 
 the Pedrick family, consisted of Samuel, his wife and five children — Marcellus, Charles R., 
 Cyrus, Zebulon and Mary J. They occupied this house until Mr. Pedrick built another, 
 on the corner of Scott street and Public Square, in 1850, when their first house became a 
 schoolhouse. Samuel Pedrick died that year (September, 1850), that being the second death in 
 Ripon. 
 
 Ezra Lathrop Northrup, who opened the first store in Ripon, arrived in November, 1849, 
 and had a stock of goods ready for customers in about six weeks. He is still a resident of the 
 city. 
 
 In May, 1850, Samuel Sumner and Dana F. Shepard began the mercantile business in 
 Ripon as one firm. Mr. Shepard sold out a year later and built Shepard's Hotel. Mr. Sum- 
 ner has retired from business, still making Ripon his home. Mr. Shepard is in the West. 
 
 John P. Taggart arrived in Ripon in September, 1850, and opened a stock of hardware 
 and general merchandise. In 1852. William M. Taggart arrived and became a partner in the 
 business, under the firm name of Taggart Brothers. John P. has retired from business, still 
 living in Ripon. William M. is in Missouri. 
 
 Alvan E. Bovay came to Ripon in August, 1850, and was the first lawyer in the place. He 
 is yet a resident of Ripon. 
 
 Jehdeiah Bowen came to Ripon in June, 1850, and erected a store for merchandise, on the 
 northwest corner of Public Square, which he occupied in December of that year. Since that 
 time he has erected more buildings than any other man in Ripon, having averaged one a year for 
 the thirty years he has resided in this city. Mr. Bowen has not yet retired from business. 
 
 David Greenway came to Ripon in August, 1850, with his wife and three children. He 
 soon engaged in the grocery and drug business, which he followed nearly twenty years. He 
 still resides in Ripon. 
 
 After 1850, Ripon, having a mill, hotel, post ofiice, blacksmith-shop and several stores, 
 attracted many settlers, and grew rapidly and constantly. 
 
 ripon's early progress. 
 
 The Ripon country is one of beauty. The Creator fashioned it in His smiling moments. 
 As it came from His hands, before man had furrowed it with the plow and scratched it with the 
 harrow and divided it oft" with fences and dotted it with barns and houses, it was one of nature's 
 most perfect landscapes. There is just as much scenery in it as is consistent with the highest 
 degree of agricultural wealth ; if there were more, some of the land must be waste, if there 
 were less, lameness would begin to mar the perfectness of the scene. There is prairie and 
 timber, water and stone, hill and vale, bluff and ravine; and none of them in excess. It is 
 beautiful. 
 
 But what makes the city of Ripon ? There is nothing, or at least not much, in 
 the spot, or in the surrounding country to determine the fact that here shall grow 
 up one of the finest, handsomest and most vigorous cities in the Northwest ; but 
 here the place is. And what brought it here ? Well, it is what might be called an 
 accident, or a series of accidents. It was that of those early settlers who first looked 
 upon this beautiful spot, and said to themselves, " This is good ; I will plant myself 
 and my family here, and help to make a town and grow up with the country." a large 
 number were men of strongly marked characteristics. They were clear-headed, hberal, brave 
 and persistent men ; and this was the secret of the early success of Ripon. Such men were 
 
HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 665 
 
 not going to stick themselves down here, or any where, and grow up like so many transplanted 
 Eastern basswoods ; it was not in their nature to do anything of the kind. They said, " We are 
 going to make the utmost of the capabilities of this spot," and they did. First, they said : " In 
 process of time, all over this beautiful country will be scattered educational institutions of a high 
 order ; the needs of an intelligent people will demand it. What is to hinder us from building a 
 college on this hill, which overlooks one of the most lovely landscapes in the world? Nothing 
 is to hinder; let us do it." And it was done. At that time there were fourteen houses and 
 shanties in this little hamlet of Ripon, all told ; and the commencement of anything so pre- 
 tentious as a college, in so small a community, without a penny of foreign aid, would have 
 seemed preposterous to the average mind, but it was done nevertheless, and there stands the 
 college to-day, the chief supporting pillar of Ripon. Considering all the circumstances ; the 
 times, the poverty of the county, the sparseness of the population, the infinitesimal size of the 
 village — the erection of the first college building — stone, fifty feet square, thi-ee stories high, with 
 observatory, and so on — was a great achievement. It is safe to say that four persons, or four 
 families, subscribed four-fifths of all the money it cost, and it is also safe to say that three of 
 the four contributed one-tenth of all they were worth in the world to this single enterprise. 
 True, they reckoned that this money (or some of it) would come back to them in after times; 
 and it did. There the college stands, three noble buildings in a campus, which, when time has 
 produced its results upon the shrubbery and trees, will scarcely be surpassed by any college 
 campus in the courftry. This is the result of the efibrts of those far-sighted, persistent, self- 
 sacrificing men. 
 
 After the college came the railroad. Now Ripon was not on any great line. It was a 
 little community away off by itself. The Chicago and North-Western Railway was projected — 
 and begun — to strike a line of cities, north and south, through the center of the State ; the 
 Milwaukee & La Crosse was projected to run east and west through the State, but neither was to 
 come here, nor was any line projected to come here or in this direction. What then ? The 
 men of Ripon did not propose to be cut oft" from the rest of the world merely because they did 
 not happen to be located on one of the world's highways. They forthwith determined to have 
 a railroad, and they got it. They held little informal gatherings among themselves to talk over 
 the matter ; they sent committees to Berlin and Waupun to arouse an interest in those places in 
 the matter — a thing quite easy to do, for the railroad fever was beginning to take on the epi- 
 demic form throughout the county — Brandon was not then in existence. When the home 
 energies were sufficiently concentrated, they sent a committee to consult the railroad magnates 
 in Milwaukee, as the thing which seemed most feasible to do next. These magnates scarcely knew 
 of such a place as Ripon, and knew nothing of the splendid capabilities of the county. But after 
 the due amount of solicitation, a committee of them came up here to look the ground over. It 
 was good; on that there was no discount. But railroads ccst money, in fact, a great deal 
 of money, and would Ripon, Berlin, Waupun and the farming population between, do the 
 handsome thing by a company that would undertake to build a railroad to them ? Ripon 
 thought it would do about $130,000 worth, Berlin thought it would do about as much more, and 
 Waupun half as much ; which the same Ripon and Berlin did, but Waupun did not. The prom- 
 ises, however, were cheering and the road was undertaken. This was in the autumn of 1853 ; 
 and, in the autumn of 1856, Ripon had direct communication, by rail, with Milwaukee, a year 
 or more before Fond du Lac had reached the same achievement. $130,000, at that time, for 
 the little community in and about Ripon, was an immense subscription ; $80,000 of it was in 
 cash and mortgage subscriptions, and $50,000 in an issue of town bonds. All the individual 
 subscriptions, of course, were paid years and years ago, and this present year the last of the 
 bonds has been redeemed and canceled, which brought Ripon out of debt. 
 
 CITY raCORPORATED. 
 
 By an act approved April 2, 1853, the villages of Ceresco and Ripon were consolidated 
 and named Morena. The inhabitants, however, paid little attention to this change, retaining, 
 
666 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 as they have since done, the original name; and when incorporated it was as the city of Ripon. 
 The first charter was for a city government, and was secured by E. L. Runals, a member 
 of the Assembly, in 1858. The measure met with strong opposition from some of the Fond du 
 Lac County members of the Legislature, who were backed by quite a number of the citizens of 
 Ripon, who did not want the city incorporated on account of adding the expense of building side- 
 walks and making other improvements. The members of the Legislature opposed the charter 
 because it provided for three wards, each with a Supervisor, which would give Ripon, they 
 thought, too large a representation in the County Board. Although the charter had been 
 adopted in a large mass meeting at Ripon, section by section, and was entirely satisfactory, it 
 had to be amended so that it should provide for but two wards before its passage could be 
 secured. 
 
 The city contains, ponds and waterways included, 2,560 acres, described as follows : The 
 west half of the southwest quarter of Section 15 ; the south half of Section 16 ; the south half 
 of Section 17; the whole of Sections 20 and 21 ; the west quarter of Section 22; the west half 
 of the northwest quarter of Section 27 and the north half of Section 28. 
 
 Ripon is governed by the Mayor and two Aldermen from each ward, called the Common 
 Council, who are aided by a City Clerk, Treasurer, Marshal, and one Constable and one Jus- 
 tice of the Peace in each ward. These are all elected annually except the Justices of the Peace 
 and the Clerk, whose terms extend over two years. The latter was elected annually until 1863, 
 when the charter was amended as just mentioned. 
 
 The Council has power to open streets, appoint special policemen, elect a Street Commis- 
 sioner and a City Attorney. 
 
 The City Clerk receives $1 per day, and fees ; the Marshal, .$1 per day, and fees for serv- 
 ing papers ; the Treasurer, a percentage on the taxes collected; Assessor, a per diem during 
 actual service, and the Street Commissioner $1.50 per day for actual service. The Mayor and 
 Aldermen receive no pay for their official labors. 
 
 By a special act of the Legislature, in 1863, the City Clerk was made ex officio Clerk of 
 the Municipal Court. His compensation consists of the usual court fees, and $3 per day while 
 the court is in session. 
 
 In January, 1880, the city of Ripon paid the last of its bonded debt, thereby freeing itself 
 from all debt burdens whatsoever. 
 
 During the ten years ending with 1879, there have been levied and collected in the city of 
 Ripon, $257,122.54 of taxes. The lightest tax was $20,306.88, in 1870, and the next lightest 
 $23,284.38, in 1879. Why the village was named Ripon has already been explained. Natur- 
 ally the city, which was but the development of the village, received the same name. It is 
 popularly known as the "Prairie City." 
 
 CITY OFFICERS — 1858 TO 1880. 
 
 Mayor.— Uarvej Grant, 1858 ; J. Bowen, 1859; H. S. Town, 1860; Philo England, 
 1861; Ceylon North, 1862; C. F. Hammond, 1863; Bertine Pinkney, 1864; H. T. Henton, 
 1865 , A. M. Skeels, 1866 ; Samuel Sumner, 1867 ; J. Bowen, 1868 ; William Workman, 1869; 
 George L. Field, 1870; Aaron Everhard, 1871; 0. U. Akin, 1872; 0. J. Wolcott, 1873; A. 
 Everhard. 1874-77 (at the election of 1877, A. Everhard and S. Sumner each received 368 
 votes. They agreed to cast lots for the office, the lot falling upon Mr. Everhard) ; A. Everhard. 
 1878 ; Samuel Sumner, 1879. 
 
 Treasurer.— Solon G. Dodge, 1858 ; D. F. Shepard, 1859-60 ; Jacob Woodruff, 1861 ; N. 
 H. Wyekoff, 1862-65; C. E. Bennett, 1866; George W. Peck, 1867; C. E. Bennett, 1868; 
 Edward Wood, 1869 ; Charles E. Bennett, 1870 ; J. H. Wyekoff, 1871-73 ; P. H. Jussen, 1874 ; 
 John Irving, 1875; P. H. Jussen, 1876; N. H. Wyekoff, 1877; D. W. Akin, 1878; G. E. 
 Bushnell, 1879. 
 
 Oitij Clerk.— Alfred W. Hewitt, 1858; W. K. Wyekoff, 1859; J. J. Foote, 1860-61; 
 George Perkins, 1862; J. J. Foote, 1863-66; H. B. Baker, 1867-69; A. T. Glaze, 1870-72; 
 G. F. Horner, 1873-78 ; L M. Dakin, 1879-80. 
 
RIPON 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 669 
 
 City Marshal— GiVaert Lane, 1858; E. B. Pride, 1859; L. Grant, 1860; E. B. Pride, 
 1861; N. C. Strong, 1862; C. V. N. Brundage, 18G3 ; O.R.Ellis, 1864-67; H. J. Good- 
 all, 1868 ; 0. R. Ellis, 1869 ; 0. C. Stickle, 1870 ; 0. R. Ellis, 1871 ; E. T. Efner, 1872-75 ; 
 George L. Riggs, 1876; I. F. Stickle, 1877; George H. Jussen, 1878-79. 
 
 Superintendent of Schools. — G. B. Cooley, 1858 ; George Perkins, 1859 ; L. H. D. Crane, 
 1860 ; G. J. Allen, 1861. After 1861, the system was changed and the city was placed under 
 the jurisdiction of the County Superintendent. 
 
 Aldermen, First IFartl— William Starr and William M. Taggart, 1858 ; H. S. Town, G. 
 W. Bellinger and W. B. Kingsbury, 1859; W. B. Kingsbury, L. Turner and G. W. Bellinger, 
 1860; H. S. Town, R. D. Mason and Benjamin Pratt, 1861 ; 0. J. Clark, C. N. McLane and 
 S. R. Patton, 1862; W. B. Kingsbury, J. Hitchcock and W. H. Deming, 1863; A. B. 
 Pratt, N. Mason and B. G. Webster, 1861; B. Pratt, W. Workman and 0. P. Reed, 1865; T. 
 G. Luther, W. Workman and Asa Kinney, 1866 ; B. Pratt, C. Pedrick and S. B. Clark, 1867 ; 
 O. P. Reed, 0. U. Akin and Norman Mason, 1868 ; C. B. Seward, H. B. Bateman and 0. U. 
 Akin, 1869; J. J. Foote, P. M. Potter and Samuel Sumner, 1870; S. Sumner, N. Hunter and 
 S. A. Coe, 1871 ; H. S. Town, S. Sumner and R. D. Mason, 1872 ; George E. Sutherland, W. 
 
 B. Kingsbury and B. P. Mason, 1873; J. Bowen, C. T. Shepard and R. D. Mason, 1874; E. 
 L. Northrup, J. Hitchcock and Matt Limbert, 1875 ; John P. Taggart, N. Mason and W. M. 
 Treanore, 1876; E. L. Northrup, A. Osborn and R. D. Mason, 1877; W. B. Kingsbury, E. 
 Manville and D. P." Parkhurst, 1878 ; J. M. Geery, 0. U. Akin and C. B. Hart, 1879. 
 
 Aldermen, Second Ward. — Lyman Turner and E. L. Runals, 1858; G. W. Mitchell, H. 
 T. Henton and J. S. Barnes, 1859; IL T. Henton, J. L. McCord and D. L. Harkness, 1860; 
 J. L. McCord, H. Pierce and E. L. Northrup, 1861 ; M. W. Seeley, A. M. Skeels and I. S. 
 White, 1862 ; E. L. Runals, T. J. Olmsted and J. S. Barnes, 1863 ; H. T. Henton, W. W. 
 Robinson and G. W. Dellinger, 1864; T. J. Olmsted, C. F. Dodge and G. W. Dellin<Ter, 1865 ; 
 H. S. Town, C. F. Dodge and A. C. Nye, 1866 ; A. Cook, N. G. Hurlbut and C. M. Cooley, 
 1867 ; George L. Field, A. B. M. Lindsley and A. Cook, 1868 ; C. P. Dunning, A. Zinth and 
 A. W. Pettibone, 1869; William Workman, J. N. Foster and J. S. Barnes, 1870; J. Dobbs, 
 
 C. E. Bennett, and H. D. Phelps, 1871 ; W^illiam Workman, C. F. Dodge and John Bush, 
 1872; J. Dobbs, J. M. De Frees and William Ralston, 1873; J. Dobbs, H. 1). Phelps and C. 
 A. Shepard, 1874 ; J. Dobbs, Charles Cowan and G. W. Dellinger, 1875 ; J. Dobbs, S. W. 
 Dodge and August Zinth, 1876 ; J. Dobbs, C. M. Cooley and A. Wood, 1877 ; J. Dobbs, W. 
 M. Treanore and F. S. Wilson, 1878 ; E. L. Runals, N. Mason and T. R. Freeman, 1879. 
 (Mr. Freeman moved into the First Ward after his election, thereby losing his office, to which 
 C. E. Bennett was elected by the Council.) 
 
 Justices of the Peace, First Ward.—O. J. Clark, 1858 and 1859 ; L. Hazen, 1860, 1861, 
 1862 and 1863. 
 
 Justices of the Peace, Second Ward. — L. Hazen, 1858 and 1859; P. B. Kissam, 1860 
 and 1861 ; E. B. Pride, 1862 and 1863. 
 
 Justices of the Peace elected at large. — H. Williams and Thomas Harris, 1866 and 1867 ; 
 Thomas Harris and W. Workman, 1868 and 1869 ; Thomas Harris and N. H. AVyckoff, 1870 
 and 1871; W. W. Robinson and Thomas Harris, 1872 and 1873; Thomas Harris and A. 
 Cooley, 1874 and 1875 ; A. Cooley and J. W. Hall, 1876 and 1877 ; A. Cooley and J. W. 
 Hall, 1878 and 1879. 
 
 Sealer of Weights and Measures. — S. Valentine, 1867 ; only one ever elected. 
 
 Assessor, First Ward. — Norman Mason, 1859 ; G. W. P. Pew, 1860 ; W. B. Kintrsbury, 
 18(31 ; B. Pratt, 1862, 1863 and 1864; Jacob Woodruff, 1865, 1866, 1867 and 1868 ; S. R. 
 Patton, 1869, 1870 and 1871; N. H. Wyckoff, 1872, 1873 and 1874; D. W. Akin, 1875 and 
 1876 ; W. B. Kingsbury, 1877 : L. M. Carlisle, 1878 and 1879. 
 
 Assessor, Second Ward. — S. Hazen, 1859 and 1860 ; Darius Phelps, 1861 ; L. P. Riven- 
 burg, 1862 ; W. W. Robinson, 1863 ; C. P. Dunning, 1864; J. S. Barnes, 1865 ; W. W. 
 Robinson, 1866 and 1867 ; Thomas Harris, 1868 and 1869; W. T. Whiting, 1870; D. Y. 
 
 V 
 
670 HISTORY OF FOKD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Sabin, 1871 ; W. T. Whiting, 1872 and 1873 ; L. M. Carlisle, 1874, 1875 and 1876 ; E. Wil- 
 son, 1877 and 1878; J. P. Stone, 1879. 
 
 Note. — For the year 1858, Daniel Y. Sabin served as Assessor for the whole city. 
 
 Constable, First Ward.—Q. LinkfieW, 1858 ; N. C. Strong, 1859 ; H. Rivenburg, 1860 ; 
 N. C. Strong, 1861 ; J. Landon, 1862, 1863, 1864 and 1865 ; N. C. Strong, 1866 ; Frank 
 Woodward, 1867; T. P. Smith, 1868; S. Valentine, 1869, 1870 and 1871 ; W. R. Pearson. 
 1872; L. Martin, 1873; B. Cheeny, 1874 ; S. Valentine, 1875 ; T. Lambert, 1876 ; T. R. 
 Freeman, 1877 ; W. H. Lambert, 1878 : C. J. Derby, 1879. 
 
 Constable, Second Ward.— I. A. Norton, 1858; E. B. Pride, 1859, 1860 and 1861 ; J. 
 P. Smith, 1862; T. Parmalee, 1863; 0. R. Ellis, 1864; Spencer Whiting, 1865, 1866 and 
 1867 ; A. Wood, 1868 ; Spencer Whiting, 1869 ; 0. R. Ellis, 1870 ; S. AVhiting, 1871 ; J. 
 E. Cook, 1872 : A. P. Matteson, 1873 ; E. C. Mayham, 1874 and 1875 ; George Jussen, 1876; 
 J. E. Cook, 1877 ; W. S. Howe, 1878 and 1879. 
 
 POST OFFICE. 
 
 The name of the first place for the reception and delivery of mail in Ripon was Ceresco. 
 The office was located in Ceresco — for there was not even one house on " the hill" where 
 Ripon now is — and Lester Rounds was Postmaster, receiving his commission in 1844. The 
 mail was carried during the winter of 1844-45, from Ceresco to Fond du Lac by John Limberf 
 once a week. He went on foot, and had one of Nathan Hunter's pillow-cases for a mail pouch. 
 Sometimes he was well laden. The second Postmaster was William Starr (now deceased), and 
 the office still remained in Ceresco. In 1849, D. P. Mapes made an exertion to remove the 
 post office from Ceresco to " the hill," which had been named Ripon. The Whigs were then in 
 power, and, as the members of the Wisconsin Phalanx were mostly Democrats, the task was 
 accomplished, and E. L. Northrup was given the appointment. Mr. Northrup did not secure 
 possession of the office until March 30, 1850, although appointed the latter part of 1849. In 
 1853, Mr. Starr made an effort to secure the appointment of Postmaster again, and to move the 
 office back to Ceresco. His competitor was David P. Mapes, who, of course, desired to retain 
 the office at Ripon. The contest was a spirited one, both candidates making the journey to 
 Washington to plead their cause. Mr. Mapes was successful, however, and that ended all 
 efforts to get the post office at Ceresco. When the members of the Wisconsin Phalanx first lost 
 the post office, they formed themselves into a funeral procession and turned their loss, which 
 was really a serious one, into a joke. In January, 1854, in order to induce A. M. Skeels (now 
 deceased) to settle his business at Ripon, Mr. Mapes resigned the office of Postmaster to him. 
 The name of the office was changed from Ceresco to Ripon in 1855. Mr. Skeels was succeeded 
 in May, 1861, by Jehdeiah Bowen, who erected a stone building on the east side of Public 
 Square especially for the post office. During the month of February, 1864, Mr. Bowen 
 received the mail but once on time, owing to the snow blockade. He t][ierefore employed a man 
 and team to fetch the mail from the cars wherever they might be blockaded. This he deemed 
 necessary, as the war of the rebellion was at its height and people were anxious to receive intel- 
 ligence from their soldier friends. Many times during that winter the post office was kept open 
 all night, the lobby being crowded until 3 o'clock in the morning by men and women who had 
 friends in the army. Mr. Bowen resigned and was succeeded in September, 1866, by David 
 McKercher, who had just become a resident of Ripon at the time of his appointment. Mr. 
 McKercher was succeeded in 1870 by Hiram S. Town, the present incumbent. In the spring 
 of 1879, the post office building burned, together with a quantity of mail matter and valuable 
 records. A room on the ground floor of Greenway's Block was then arranged for the post 
 office, which is the most commodious and convenient Ripon ever had. The post office at Ripon 
 is second-class, with a salary of $2,000 per year to the Postmaster, and an allowance of $450 
 for clerk hire. When the office was first removed from Ceresco, the revenues were $1.60 for th& 
 first quarter. Now the receipts are $1,000 per quarter, asfde from the money-order fees, which 
 amount to $150 per year. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DT' LAC COLTNTY. 671 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school taught in Ripon was in the fall of 1844. Lester Rounds was teacher, and 
 the schoolroom was in the Wisconsin Phalanx building in Ceresco. The next year, the Pha- 
 lanx people erected a stone schoolhouse on Lot 1, Block 5, corner of Church and Liberty 
 streets, in which Mr. Rounds was also a teacher. This was not at first a public school, for it 
 was maintained by the citizens of Ceresco for the benefit of their own children, there being no 
 others in the vicinity. As the surrounding country became settled soon after, they took advan- 
 tage of the law which allowed ten families to erect themselves into a school district, and 
 it became a public school. 
 
 District No. 5. — The following contract shows that the schools of this district were organ- 
 ized in 1849 : 
 
 It is agreed between School District No. 5, in tlie town of Ceresco, and Edward Daniels, a qualified teacher of 
 Green Lake, that the said Edward Daniels is to teach the common school of said district for the term of five months, 
 for ihe sum of $26 per month ; and for such services, properly rendered, the said district is to pay to the said 
 Edward Daniels the amount that may he due according to this contract by the 1st day of May, 1850. 
 
 Dated November, 1849. [Signed] M. E. Morse, District Clerk. 
 
 [signed] Edwaud Daniels. 
 
 Mr. Daniels taught this " term of five months " in the stone schoolhouse erected by the 
 Wisconsin Phalanx, which was afterward, February 27, 185'2, deeded by them to School Dis- 
 trict No. 5, for the sum of $225. 
 
 The deed is a quaint document. The Phalanx seal, a piece of yellow linen cloth about 
 one-half an inch wide and three times as long as wide, appears next to the names of the grant- 
 ors, which are signed in a small hand. The grantors are Warren Chase, R. D. Mason, Russell 
 Smith, Jacob Woodruff, Jacob Beckwith, James Clarkson, J. M. Boutelle, Carlton Lane and 
 John Irving. The old school building here deeded has disappeared. 
 
 In March, 1857, Hiram S. Town and his wife, for the sum of $200, deeded Lot 5 in Block 
 1, Ceresco, to District No. 5 for a schoolhouse site, and that same spring, Gilbert Lane and 
 Seth G. Strong gave bond to build for $2,000, and furnish all material, the octagon-shaped 
 building of mortar and gravel, now called the Ceresco Schoolhouse. When first finished, it con- 
 tained but two rooms, one above and one below. These have since been partitioned so as to 
 furnish rooms above and below for study and for recitations. Up to 1879, the building had 
 been sadly neglected, having gone without repairs, paint, sidewalk and proper outbuildings. 
 It was surrounded by gullies or mud, and was a dreary place. During the year mentioned, 
 several hundred dollars were expended in repairs. The scholars have laid out tasty flower-beds 
 and gardens ; purchased through their own efforts an encyclopedia, and now contemplate erect- 
 ing a fountain, for which abundant water is near. 
 
 The school is prosperous. A high-school department was established in this district in 
 1877, as the following minutes, taken from the school record-book, show : 
 
 July 23, 1877, 8 P. M. 
 
 Adgurn meetin Cald To order By the Director L E Nole H D Alen was elected Chairman The Comity Report 
 the Clerks Books is Correkt With one or to Mistake. 
 
 The Reporte of the Comity it is exsepted moved and cared that the Report of the Clerk is a dopted. 
 
 Motion made to Re Consider the motion to adopt the Clerks Report motion lost 
 
 Motion made to exsept the Report of the Comity is exsepted Motion mad to adopt the Treasurers Report 
 adopted. 
 
 Motion to adopt the free high school law amenament to adopt the high school law if it dont in Criese our 
 cxspences Motion Loste Vote on motion to adopt free high schoole was adopted 
 
 Motion mad to pay the Clerk Twenty Dollars Per yeare 
 
 Motion Card 
 
 moved to adjoirn for four weekes. 
 
 Motion cared Adjoirned 
 
 The district employs four teachers, who have charge of four departments — Primary, Inter- 
 mediate, Grammar and. High School — all in one building. The total number of children of 
 school age in District No. 5 is 324. 
 
672 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 District No. 2. — Notice for a meeting to be held at Mapes' Hotel (the Ripen House), Octo- 
 ber 21, 1850, for the formation of District No. 2, was postedabout the 1st of October, of that 
 year, by Levi Parker, Superintendent of Schools of the town of Ceresco. The meeting was held 
 at the house of H. D. Scott, in Ceresco, instead of at the hotel. D. F. Shepard was chosen 
 Director ; E. L. Northrup, Treasurer, and C. R. Pedrick, Clerk. Those present voted to erect 
 a school, and raise for that purpose a tax of $300. Arrangements were made for the use of the 
 house then occupied by D. F. Shepard for a schoolhouse until one could be erected. This 
 building was the one erected in 1849, near where the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railway depot 
 stands, by Samuel Pedrick. The following contract shows who was the first teacher in the dis- 
 trict : 
 
 It is agreed between School District No. 2, in tlietowu of Ceresco and Emily E. Turner, a qualified teacher of said 
 town, that the said Emily E. Turner is to teach the common school in said District for the term of three months, for 
 the sum of $1.7.3 per week; and for such services, properly rendered, the said District is to pay the said Emily E. 
 Turner llie amount that may be due according to this contract, on or before the 1st day of April, 1851. 
 
 Dated, Kipon, Decembers, 1850. [Signed] C. R. Pedkick, Clerk. 
 
 [.-igned] Emily E. Tukneb. 
 
 I hereby consent to the within contract. E. L. Northrup, Treasurer. 
 
 In April, 1851, the first school tax, amounting to $69.05, was collected in District No. 2, 
 to pay teacher's wages and other expenses, which had been advanced by E. L. Northrup. 
 Finally, in October, 1852, it was voted to add another $100 to the sum ($300) already voted to 
 be raised to build a schoolhouse, and to erect a building 22x36 feet. The Building Committee 
 were : H. Sabin, Mr. Bearss, A. E. Bovay and A. P. Mapes, who furnished the plans and 
 specifications. The building, now occupied as a dwelling, was erected on what is now called the 
 " Park," opposite the present brick schoolhouse on Fond du Lac street. 
 
 The main portion of the brick schoolhouse was erected in 1860, by G. W. Sawyer, for 
 $2,'J00, who furnished all materials. The site, which is Lot 40 on Fond du Lac street, was 
 purchased of E. P. Brockway for $600. In 1871, Samuel Allen built an addition to the brick 
 schoolhouse, 25x35 feet, for $2,615, and furnished everything. The building is now in good 
 condition. 
 
 The district being large and the number of scholars constantly increasing, two wooden 
 schoolhouses were erected in 1860 for the accommodation of small scholars. The one on the 
 corner of Shepard and Doty streets cost $485, and the site $150. The one on Howard street 
 cost $500, and the site $150. The number of scholars still continuing to increase, the Mapes 
 dwelling, next to the brick schoolhouse, was purchased in 1877 and made into a schoolhouse, at 
 a cost of $1,038.89 for the site and building. 
 
 The total expenditures in District No.J2 during the last ten years have been $41,847.60, as 
 follows: 1870, $2,700.62; 1871, $5,948.02; 1872. $3,732.26; 1873, $3,124.45; 1874, 
 $3,878.24; 1875, $3,816.64; 1876, $4,168.18; 1877, $4,442.33; 1878, $5,536.59; 1879, 
 $5,000.27. 
 
 The total number of scholars in 1879 in District No. 2 was 724. The district employs 
 ten teachers, wlio have charge of four Primary Schools, two Intermediate, one Grammar and one 
 High School. 
 
 RIPON WATEK-POWER. 
 
 The privilege of using for manufacturing purposes the heavy fall of water in Silver Creek, 
 where it flows through the city of Ripon, was purchased by David P. Mapes, of Mary Eleanor 
 Watson, through her attorney, John S. Horner, in 1849. It was first improved by Mr. Mapes, 
 in 1849 and 1850. The first dam was built by him where Eureka street now is, the road-bed 
 being originally the dam. The next dam was built by ilr. Mapes at Scott street, in 1853, for 
 the Gothic Mill. The Eureka street dam was tapped when Mr. Dellinger built the new Ripon 
 Mills power, in 1866. The very first utilization of the water in Silver Creek was in 1844, at 
 Ceresco, by the Phalanx. The fill is about 100 feet from Scott street to Ceresco Mills, and 
 before the large marshes east and south of Ripon were drained and cultivated by the farmers. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU I.AC COUNTY. 673 
 
 •water was abundant for all purposes. Before such drainage, these marshes acted as reservoirs 
 from which the water came down slowly. Now the water runs off much more rapidly, thus 
 making the supply somewhat inadequate after the marshes are once drained. 
 
 As a compensation for the privilege of laying the trunk which conveys water to G. W. 
 Bellinger's mill, he was obliged to stipulate that the city might always take water from his bulk- 
 head for fire purposes and for sprinkling streets. It has a "head" (fall) of fifty feet, thus 
 furnishing a tremendous power. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The city of Ripon was without a fire engine or fire department until 1875, when a chemi- 
 cal engine was purchased for $2,500, and a volunteer company organized with Hazen R. Hill 
 as Chief Fire Marshal. He was succeeded in a few months by H. J. Goodall, who has since 
 held that position. The company numbers fifty members, who are divided into " Engine Com- 
 pany, No. 1," and ''Prairie City Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1." The members receive 
 no pay from the city, but after serving seven years they are exempt from poll tax, jury duty and 
 military service, except in case of an invasion of the State. They have good uniforms and a 
 sum of money in the treasury which was obtained from firemen's balls and the 2 per cent tax 
 on premiums from the insurance agents of the city. 
 
 For gallant service at the great fire in Oshkosh, in 1876, the company received two silver 
 trumpets. The city erected, on the north side of Jackson street, a two-story wooden building in 
 which the engine and hook and ladder truck are kept, and in which fire meetings are held. The 
 city has a standing reward to the teamster who has the first load of water to the fire, and also 
 pays a private individual for hauling the engine to and from fires. 
 
 The officers are: H. J. Goodall, Chief; W. B. Allen, First Assistant; A. Lanning, Jr., 
 Second Assistant ; B. F. Keenan, Secretary; W. H. Vermilye, Treasurer. 
 
 GAS WORKS. 
 
 In 1872, C. L. Lightburn began the erection of the Ripon Gas Works, on Pond street, on 
 the south shore of the upper mill-pond. Although comparatively small, the works cost upward 
 of $25,000, being thoroughly built and well equipped. The city advanced $1,000 in cash to Mr. 
 Lightburn, to aid in their construction, which was returned to the municipality in gas at $30 per 
 lamp-post per annum. In 1876, A. L. Dobbs came into possession of the works, which had 
 been idle for some months. Mr. Dobbs entered upon the manufacture of gas, which, however, 
 he discontinued after eighteen months, the business being unprofitable. The works now lie idle. 
 They are now owned, except a claim of the county for two or three years' taxes, by a Milwaukee 
 firm. 
 
 HOTELS OF RIPON. 
 
 Ceresco had no hotel at first, but travelers and strangers were lodged and fed at the large 
 boarding-house belonging to the Phalanx people, or by D. P. Mapes, who lived on a farm east of 
 the present city, or by the Dakins, who lived a few miles west. The Central House, which now 
 stands opposite Bateman's flouring mill, was erected in one or two years after the Wisconsin 
 Phalanx began business, but Ceresco has had no hotels for many years. 
 
 Ripon House. — In 1850, David P. Mapes erected on the site of Wood's Hotel, at the north 
 end of Public Square, a two-story, square, wooden building, which he called the Ripon House. 
 A grand opening was had when the house was completed, at which were present people from 
 Oshkosh, Fond du Lac, Berlin, Milwaukee, Green Lake and other places. It was a memorable 
 aftair. This hotel was afterward called the American House, and, in 1859, Larrabee & Fargo 
 ran it as a temperance house. From 1861 to 1866, it was owned and managed by Town & 
 Fargo, who, at the end of that time, sold it to Wood & Fisk. When Wood's Hotel was built, the 
 American House was moved down into the valley back of its original site, where it now stands 
 unoccupied. It was the first business building erected in Ripon — that is, in the portion of 
 
674 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Ripon not known as Ceresco. Among its early proprietors were E. P. Ketcham, Henry D. 
 Scott, Larrabee and D. P. Mapes. 
 
 Wood's Hotel. — This is a brick building, the largest and finest in the western portion of 
 Fond du Jjac County. It was erected in 1872 by Alanson Wood, the present proprietor. At 
 the opening ball, which occurred on the very spot where D. P. Mapes had the first hotel open- 
 ing in Ripon, in 1850, over $1,200 was realized from the sale of tickets. The building is of 
 brick and stone, and five stories high. It is commodiously arranged, with parlors, reading-room, 
 office and dining-room level with Public Square. It is well furnished, well kept, and has 
 seventy-five rooms. The building faces Public Square on the south, with streets on its east and 
 west fronts. It is one of the most noticeable buildings in Ripon. 
 
 Mapes House. — The Mapes House, a large, four-story stone structure, located on the west 
 side of Broadway, at the corner of Blossom street, was erected in 185-3, and opened by T. J. 
 Mapes. It was the largest hotel in the western portion of the county until the erection of 
 Wood's Hotel, in 1872, and secured a large share of patronage. It has been kept at various periods 
 by T. J. Mapes, Wheeler <& Peck, J. J. Smith, Gilbert Lane and John Weisgerber, the present 
 proprietor, who is doing a profitable business. 
 
 Shcpard's Hotel. — In 1851, a building was erected on the corner of Public Square and 
 West Fond du Lac streets, for a hotel. It was called Sliepard's Hotel, and managed by Dana 
 F. Shepard. The first "Independence ball" held in Ripon was in this unfinished building, July 
 4, 1851. During the dance it was several times set on fire by fireworks. In 1853, the name 
 of the hotel was changed to the National, and so continued until the building was destroyed by 
 fire about the year 1856. 
 
 Lum's Hotel. — This was built by L. Portugal in 1870, for a public house, and called the 
 Commercial Hotel. lie was its proprietor and manager until 1877, when he moved to Milwau- 
 kee. In 1879, H. Lum remodeled the inner portion of the building and opened it for the accom- 
 modation of the traveling public. It is comparatively a small hotel, but is kept in a neat and 
 homelike manner, and draws its full share of patronage. 
 
 Princeton House. — This is a German hotel, situated on Jackson street west of Public 
 Square, and caters mostly for the custom of farmers. It is owned and managed by H. Kohl, who 
 enjoys a large share of the hotel business of Ripon. 
 
 PUBLIC HALLS. 
 
 City Hall. — The first public hall in Ripon was built by David P. M^ipes, over two stone 
 stores on the west side of Broadway or Main street, in 1851. It was first called Henton Hall, 
 and afterward City Hall. It is now used as a storeroom in connection with Gehbe's furniture 
 store. At the opening ball, by which it was dedicated, enough tickets were sold to net $250 in 
 cash. 
 
 Greenway Hall. — This hall was built by David Greenway in his V-shaped, three-story 
 brick building in 1861. Until the opening of Opera Hall, it was the best place for public meet- 
 ings in Ripon. It now is mostly used for balls, socials and masquerades, for which its large size 
 and absence of galleries make it desirable. 
 
 Oj)era Hall. — This is the principal hall of Ripon. It was built by Marcellus Pedrick in 1869, 
 of stone and brick, on the corner of Blossom street and Broadway. It has a gallery on three 
 sides, a neatly arranged stage and two good entrances — one on Broadway by a stairway, and one 
 on Blossom street, direct from the sidewalk. It has admirable acoustic properties, and will 
 seat 600 persons comfortably. It is now owned by M. Pedrick, its original builder and proprie- 
 tor. It is an exceedingly safe and substantial place for public gatherings. 
 
 CHURCHES OF RIPON. 
 
 Congregational Church. — There was held, at the Ripon Hotel, November 21, 1850, a 
 meeting for the purpose of organizing a church. Rev. D. Clary, of the American Home Mis- 
 sionary Society, was Moderator, and Rev. J. H. Kasson, Clerk. The organization was effected 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 675 
 
 ly admitting the following persons, who had been members of churches before coming to Ripon, 
 on presentation of the proper papers : Winthrop C. Lord, Elizabeth Lord, Mary Parker, Wil- 
 son Holt, Abigail Holt, Francis A. Strong, Merriam B. L. Strong, Andrew Sherwood, Clarissa 
 Sherwood, William Dunham, and Griffith Beynon. Rev. F. G. Sherrill was there invited to 
 become acting Pastor, which he did. In the fall of 1853, a small wooden church edifice, which 
 had been erected just north of the old college building, was dedicated as a place of worship. In 
 1857, the increased number of members made it necessary to enlarge the building, which was 
 done in June of that year. In 1867, the present splendid stone structure was begun on College 
 Hill, which was finished and dedicated in Februarv, 1868. The old church building, which 
 stands only a few rods north of the new one, was then sold to the Temperance Germans, who 
 now use it for a church. The present structure is the largest, finest and costliest in Ripon. It 
 was built entirely of Ripon stone, except the trimmings, and cost $22,000. 
 
 The following persons have acted as Pastors of this church : Rev. F. G. Sherrill, three- 
 years ; J. W. Walcott, one year; H. M. Chapin, one and one-half years; B. B. Parsons, three 
 years ; H. W. Brown, one and one-half years ; J. A. Ilawley, three years ; W. E. Merriman, E. 
 "W. Cook, R. W. Sawyer, L. Curtis, L.'^J. White, Carter and S. M. Newman. The first real 
 Pastor — one duly installed as permanent Pastor — was Rev. H. M. Chapin. Mr. Newman has 
 also been installed as permanent Pastor. 
 
 The following persons were elected Deacons : Andrew Sherwood and Wilson Holt, in 1850 ; 
 Griffith Beynon, in 1851 ; William Dunham, in 1852 ; Sylvester Richmond, in 1855 ; Darius 
 Phelps, in 1856; Ceylon North, in 1861; G. R. Shaw, in 1865; A. C. Chittenden and A. M. 
 Phelps, in 1870 ; William M. Bristol, in 1873; Ira C. Lyon and Charles F. Hammond, in 
 1874 ; A. P. Harwood and C A. Kenaston, in 1875. The following have been elected Dea- 
 conesses : Mrs. E. N. Harris, in 1870 ; Mrs. C. B. Woodward and Mrs. Mariam B. L. Strong, 
 in 1873. 
 
 The bell which now hangs in the old college building, and which was the first one in Ripon, 
 was procured through the energy of Rev. H. M. Chapin, who solicited subscriptions both in 
 Ripon and among his friends abroad. It was first hung in a wooden frame near the old wooden 
 church. This frame was paid for with funds raised by the Ladies' Aid Society. AYhen the 
 little church had been enlarged and this bell hung, the members of the church felt proud of 
 their achievement. People not acquainted with those times can hardly appreciate the magni- 
 tude of this work. 
 
 *S'^ Peter s Episcopal Chureli. — In September, 1859, having been previously heralded by 
 kind letters of introduction. Bishop Jackson Kemper sent Rev. Fayette Durlin to Ripon, 
 expressing the wish that he might become the "settled minister" of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church in the place. Mr. Durlin was heartily received, arid a determination to erect a house 
 of worship and establish a regular parish at once obtained. The first inscription on the church 
 records is as follows : 
 
 Ripon, Wis., March 1, 18G0. 
 
 On opening the records of this parish, hereinafter to be inscribed, some few preliminary words may be of 
 interest to those who shall peruse them hereafter. I believe that I am the first rexidenl Episcopal Clergyman ever 
 engaged in the work of organizing and building up a parish in this place. Several different clergymen — among them 
 the Rev. .1. P. T. Ingraliam, the Rev. L. D. Brainard, the Rev. Thomas Greene and the Rev. Peter C. Morrison — 
 have held services here at rare intervals ; but no organization of a parish was ever effected, nor anything undertaken 
 at the request of the Bishop, and, through the invitation of some interested in the services of this church, particularly 
 that of Dr. B. B. .Spalding, I arrived here to take up my abode and begin my labors, on Monday. February 1.3, 
 1860. The following .Sunday, February 19, I held my first service here, in the Baptist meeting-house, having but 
 the morning service, there being no place for us in the afternoon. During the week, a hall was procured and rented 
 for our exclusive use, over H. F. Olmsted's store, and being neatly and properly titled up for the purpose, we now 
 have regul.ar services there every Sunday morning and afternoon, and expect to until we are able to build a church. 
 
 Thus much I thought it well to put down here, as what might be of interest, as matter of reference, in future 
 years. It is a humble beginning; but, relying on God's blessing and the all-sufficient presence, guidance and help 
 of the Great Head of the Church, we cannot doubt that somewhat will grow out of it to the glory and honor of the 
 ever-adorable Trinity and to the everlasting good of souls. 
 
 [Signed] Fayette Dublin, 
 
 Prifil of the Protestant EpUcnpal Church in the Diocese of Wiacoimn. 
 
676 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 It was resolved, April 10, 1869, to erect a church, and B. B. Spalding, A. E. Bovay, Will- 
 iam M. Taggart, George VV. Mitchell and E. P. Brockway were appointed to secure plans and 
 specifications. Afterward, Mr. Bovay resigned and Mr. Durlin took his place. 
 
 Rev. Fayette Durlin was formally elected Rector of Grace Church, as it was then called. 
 May 16, 1860. Three days later, he accepted. 
 
 The contract for erecting the church edifice was let to A. Banning for $2,800, the site 
 being at the head of Blossom street, and secured from John S. Horner. The building commit- 
 tee consisted of H. S. Eggleston, G. W. Mitchell, William Starr and Rev. F. Durlin. The 
 subscriptions taken for the erection of the church amounted to nearly $3,350. Taggart Bros, 
 and E. P. Brockway each gave f 200 ; A. E. Bovay, B. B. Spalding, D. F. Shepard, G. W. 
 Mitchell, W. H. Dakin and H. S. Eggleston each gave $150 ; M. W. Seeley, William Starr, T. 
 B. Bobbins and A. M. Skeels g:ive each $100 ; H. Willard and B. Pinkney gave each $75 ; L. 
 H. D. Crane. H. S. Towen, J. Bowen, D. Greenway, C. Pinkney, Prairie City Bank, E. Root, 
 H. Pierce, George Marshall, A. D. Foote, Mrs. E. F. Peck and A. B. Beardsley gave each 
 $50. The balance was made up by numerous, smaller subscriptions. 
 
 The building was completed, consecrated and occupied for worship early in 1861. The 
 consecration was by Bishop Kemper, January 23, 1861. The parish schoolhouse was erected 
 in 1864, at a cost of $1,897.12, including the site, which was purchased of George W. Lyman 
 for $300. 
 
 The rectory or parsonage, erected west of the schoolhouse in 1866, on a lot purchased of 
 G. N. Lyman, cost about $2,300, and was constructed by Samuel Allen. All three of the 
 buildings are of the Gothic style of architecture and of wood. 
 
 By an act of the Legislature, approved February 20, 1866, the name of Grace Church was 
 changed to St. Peter's, the style of the corporation being " The Rector, Church- Wardens and 
 Vestrymen of St. Peter's Church, in the city of Ripon, Wis." 
 
 The different Rectors have been: Fayette Durlin, from February 13, 1860, to June 11. 
 1865; George Armstrong Whitney, August 1, 1865, to May 20, 1866; E. F. Baker, June 1, 
 1866. to September 1, 1868 ; Jubal Hodges, May 30, 1861>, to July 5, 1869 ; M. V. Averill, 
 May 15, 1870, to December 31, 1872 ; Fayette Durlin, November 30, 1873, to date. The brief 
 term of Jubal Hodges' rectorship was owing to a renewed attack of an old brain difficulty, which 
 finally resulted in death. 
 
 The Clerks have been Henry S. Eggleston, George W. Root and George L. Field, the 
 present official, who has held the position since April, 1863. 
 
 Those who have held the office of Warden are as follows : A. E. Bovay, E. Root, Edward 
 P. Brockway, H. S. Eggleston, Howard Pierce, Bertine Pinkney, William Starr, J. M. De 
 Frees, John Corbett, W. L. Gillett and Robert Allen. Mr. Brockway was Senior Warden 
 from 1861 to 1867, with the exception of one year, when he was absent. 
 
 At the beginning of 1873, the parish being somewhat in debt, George L. Field pre- 
 sented a resolution, which was adopted by the Vestry, providing that, from that day forth, 
 no expense whatever should be incurred unless sufficient cash or pledges Avere available to pay 
 it. This novel resolution in church government made it impossible to secure a Rector, and. 
 from that time, lay services only were held until the debt was wiped out, which was done at the 
 close of that year. The parish is now out of debt. The present number of communicants is 
 96. The baptisms have been, altogether, 275 ; the confirmations, 170 ; the marriages, 50 ; the 
 burials, 52. 
 
 One notable feature in the management of the affiiirs of this parish is that it never owed 
 any of its rectors a dollar, even over night. 
 
 The first Wardens were A. E. Bovay and E. Root. The first Vestrymen were B. B. 
 Spalding, M. W. Seely, H. S. Eggleston, William M. Taggart, George W. Mitchell, E. P. 
 Brockway and William Starr. 
 
 The present Wardens are W. L. Gillett and Robert Allen. The present Vestrymen are 
 George L. Field, Charles Cowan, J. M. De Frees, D. W. Akin, J. P. Taggart, W. W. Davy 
 and 0. Li. Akin. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. «7T 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. — As nearly as can be ascertained, the Methodist Church was 
 first organized in 1S52, the class consisting of only three members, of whom George Limbert 
 was appointed leader. He also held the office of local preacher, having first united with the 
 Wesleyan Church in England. He remained a worthy and useful member till h'n death, which 
 occurred December 29, 1879. 
 
 The first church was a small structure, located in that part of the city then called Ceresco. 
 In this building the church worshiped till the summer of 1860, when the present edifice, on Jack- 
 son street, was built. This building is 40.x82 feet. It is a fine wooden structure, very well 
 finishe<l, with an audience-room the full size of the building ; a commodious lecture-room and 
 two classrooms in the basement. A good and convenient parsonage was purchased in 1863, 
 located on Liberty street, in Ceresco. Mr. Corliss contributed $800 toward the purchase of the 
 building, the final securing of which was due largely to the eiforts of Rev. J. T. Woodhead, who 
 was then Pastor. 
 
 The different Pastors have been: 1857-58, R. Moffat; 1858-59, J. M. S. Maxon (died 
 June 19, 1858; W. Morse filled out the year): 1859-60, W. Morse; 1860-61, W. Morse; 
 1861-62. J. T. Woodhead ; 1862-63, J. T. Woodhead ; 1863-64, J. Anderson ; 1864-65, H. 
 Requa (died at Little Rock, Ark., May 19, 1865, while in the service of the Christian Commis- 
 sion, in the army) ; 1865-66, Wesley Lattin ; 1866-67, Wesley Lattin ; 1867-68, George C. 
 Haddock; 1868-69, George C.Haddock ; 1869-70, W. G. Miller; 1870-71, Rev. W. G. Mil- 
 ler ; 1871-72, A. C." Manwell ; 1872-73, A. C. Manwell ; 1873-74, J. Lavelle and W. F. Ran- 
 dolph ; 1874-75, J. M. Craig and A. A. Reed ; 1875-76, J. H. Jenne ; 1876-77. I. Wiltse ; 
 1877-78, I. Wiltse (died March 28, 1878 ; y^nv filled out by E. B. L. Elder) ; 1878-79, George 
 Fellows ; 1879-80, C. D. Pilisbury, who is the Pastor at the present time. 
 
 The church has experienced severe trials, but its present state is one of very general har- 
 mony of feeling and of unity of action, with a good degree of spiritual interest. 
 
 Baptist Church. — In 1852, Elder D. Sabin, still a resident of Ripon, and in his eighty- 
 iifth year, began Baptist preaching in the schoolhouse on Fond du Lac street, alternating with 
 the preacher of some other denomination, who also held services at the same place. In April, 
 1853, a meeting was held at this schoolhouse for the formation of a church. Elder Sabin was 
 Moderator, and Henry Lansing, Clerk. The organization was perfected, the following persons 
 becoming members : D. Sabin, Carrie Sabin, Rev. Roswell Osborn, W. W. Robinson, Mrs. S. 
 Robinson, Mrs. George N. Lyman, Mrs. H. H. Mead, John Russell, Elizabeth Russell, Mrs. 
 Mary M. Russell, Henry Lansing, David I. Parks, Philander Parks and Avery Brown. In 
 May, 1853, a Baptist council was held at the Congregational Church in Ripon, and re-organ- 
 ized the new organization. Elder Sabin acted as Pastor until 1854, and was succeeded by Rev. 
 M. Hutchinson, who died soon after. In 1855, the church received a charter from the State, 
 and Avery BroAvn, J. A. Barnes, H. H. Mead and W. W. Robinson were chosen Trustees. 
 
 In 1856, the erection of a church on Fond du Lac street, the present structure, was begun. 
 It was finished, dedicated and occupied in December, 1857. In 1867, blinds were added, the 
 building was painted and other repairs made, so that it is now an exceedingly tasty and comfort- 
 able place of worship. During this same year, 1867, twenty-five new members were I'eceived 
 into the church, which is the greatest number received at any one time. The church is entirely 
 out of debt, and has been for some years. The Pastors (those before this having been merely 
 "supplies" or acting Pastors) have been: H. I. Parker, 1856 to 1860, who preached in the 
 City Hall until the church was completed ; C. T. Tucker, who was the first to devote his whole 
 time and attention to the church ; E. L. Walker, 1860 to 1863 ; A. Latham, September, 1863, 
 to March, 1864 ; P. Work, July, 1864 to August, 1869 ; J. C. Burkholder, a portion of 1869 
 and 1870; L. L. Gage, 1870 to 1872; R. W. Arnold, 1873 to 1877 ; D. Crosby, June, 1877, 
 to date, being the present Pastor. 
 
 This church first belonged to the Marquette, but now to the Winnebago Association. It 
 has a resident membership of eighty-three. 
 
 First Preshi/terian Church. — This church was formerly called ''Grace" Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, and was an "independent" organization formed by Alfred E. Bishop, Elizabeth 
 
'678 HISTORY OF FOXD DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Bishop. Albert P. Corliss, Hattie Corliss. Mathew Miller, Rosa Miller, Edward Smith, Judith 
 Smitli, Cornilius Brundige, Katharine Brundige, Alphonso S. Crooker, Miss Eraeline M. 
 Crooker. It was incorporated under the laws of the State May 8, 1877, by E. J. Smith, E. 
 Babcock, A. P. Corliss, D. Furniss, R. T. Graves, Alfred E. Bishop, D. G. Woodward, Edward 
 Smith, John Martin and B. Kingsbury. 
 
 Rev. J. M. Craig was the Pastor of Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, as he now is of the 
 new Presbyterian organization, which was effected January 19, 1880, on petition of the congre- 
 gation. After entering the Presbyterian denomination, an organization was completed by the 
 election and ordination of R. T. Graves, A. S. Crooker, John Martin and Dan Furniss, as Elders, 
 and Edward Smith and D. G. Woodward as Deacons. Services have always been held in the 
 Unitarian Church,* which is rented for that purpose. 
 
 The members of this church were those who left the old Methodist Church on account of 
 some difficulty or dissatisfaction. It is in a prosperous condition. 
 
 Imaniid's Kirche. — This is a branch of the German Evangelical Church of North America. 
 It was organized May 8, 1870, at the house of W. Luck, with the following members : Rev. A. 
 Huelster, August Buchholz, W. Luck, A. Scheewe, W. Aker, A. Zank, G. Burger, G. Rad- 
 drenzel, M. Drahim and F. Hoft. A. Scheewe, W. Aker and W. Luck were elected Trustees. 
 At this first meeting, arrangements were made to erect a place of worship, and Rev. A. Huelster, 
 August Buchholz and A. Zank were elected Building Committee. A lot was secured in Cer- 
 esco plat, on Jackson street, on which, in September, 1870, a building, 30x14 feet, was erected 
 at a cost of $2,-273. The dedication was by Bishop J. J. Escher, in October, 1870, at which 
 time the entire indebtedness of the church was liquidated. In 1875, the congregation had grown 
 so rapidly that more land, costing $175, was purchased, on which additional accommodations for 
 teams were built, and on which an enlargement of the church building will also be erected soon. 
 
 nil • 
 
 Ihe congregation numbers 200 members, and money enough is on hand to make all contemplated 
 improvements. The different Pastors have been : Revs. A. Huelster, six months ; C. F. Fin- 
 ger, two years; John Koch, two years; Fr. Stroebel, three years ; 0. Kuederling, the present 
 Pastor, two years. 
 
 Evangelical German Lutheran Church. — In 1866, Rev. G. Thiele, who built the stone 
 church on Scott street, and had been its Pixstor about two years, took a few of its members, 
 among them F. Leistikow, C. Bremer and C. Daluege, and started a Temperance Lutheran 
 Church. Services were first held in tlie college building until a small dwelling near the end of 
 the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad bridge was purchased, which is now the parsonage and 
 schoolhouse. In this services were held, the Pastor resided, and school was held until the Con- 
 gregationalists erected their new church, when the Lutherans purchased of them the old wooden 
 building on College Hill. 
 
 The church now is composed of seventy families. The school, in which only children who 
 are thirteen years old are taught, contains thirty-six scholars. The Pastors have been, G. 
 Thiele, E. Meyerhoff, G. Hoelzel, A. Liefelt and Joseph Westenberger, the present Pastor, who 
 came in 1878. The Trustees are W. Wallschlaeger, Gustave Ruestau and W. Ponto. The 
 Elders are C. Daluege, E. Neuenfeld and William Schmidt. The church has no debt and is in 
 prosperous circumstances. 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran Church. — During the month of February, 1864, a German Protes- 
 tant minister, named G. Thiele, arrived in Ripon and attempted to organize a church. He suc- 
 ceeded in securing pledges from thirty men to sustain him as their Pastor and erect a church. 
 Accordingly, in 1865, a church edifice, 36x52 feet, was begun on Scott street. It was con- 
 structed entirely of stone from the Ripon quarries ; had a basement for school purposes and 
 ornamented with a graceful spire. In 1866, Mr. Thiele was dismissed, and the name of the 
 church changed to the Evangelical Lutheran, with by-laws and ritual in conformity with this 
 
 * This church was Bi-ected mostly by Elder Sanborn at the beginning of West Fond du Lac street, as a Univeraalist house of worship 
 The number embracing this form of religious worship being small, the church was changed to the Unitarian denomination. But this main- 
 tained a formal organization for only p. short period, and the house had been without wotshipers^for several years, until it was rented by tho 
 aboTo-mentioned. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 679 
 
 religious subdivison. The new minister was Rev. W. Schmidt, who resigned on account of ill 
 health at the end of the year. In 1868, Rev. David Tunkele was chosen Pastor, who remained 
 with the congregation five years. He was succeeded by Rev. Conrad, who filled the pulpit 
 about eighteen months, and was succeeded by Rev. C. Dalies, the present Pastor. Under the 
 ministration of Mr. Dalies many improvements have been made on the church property. A 
 handsome and commodious parsonage was erected in 1879, and the surrounding grounds fenced 
 and beautified. The school, taught in the basement of the church, has 125 students, who have 
 books, maps, charts and a fine organ. The inside of the church edifice is neatly finished and 
 furnished, having an organ which cost $700. At present the church has 185 members, and is 
 in a pro.«perous condition. 
 
 St. Patrick's Catholic Church. — This church was organized by Rev. E. Gray in Januai-y, 
 1859. Those present at the first mass were N. Roche, Thomas Leo, Michael Lyman, M. 
 Spellman, James Flattery and M. Bannon. The church, a well-built wooden structure, is 
 located on the south side of Oshkosh street. Formerly a portion of the church yard was used 
 as a cemetery, but is no longer. The pai'ochial residence is a fine brick structure, two stories in 
 height, located near the church on Oshkosh street. For some years the church was heavily in 
 debt, but, through the eflorts of Father Graves, the present Pastor, and his congregation, this 
 has been nearly wiped out, and the finances are now in a sound condition. The church is con- 
 stantly increasing in. membership, its members constituting a strong and active temperance 
 society. 
 
 BANKS OF RIPON. 
 
 The very first exchange, or banking btisiness, done in Ripon was in 185-3, by E. P. Brock- 
 way, who opened an ofiice for that purpose, and which was really the beginning of the present 
 First National Bank. In 1855, Catlin & Brockway — Richard Catlin and E. P. Brockway — 
 opened a banking and exchange office. This continued until the organization of the Bank of 
 Ripon. 
 
 Bank of Ripon. — In December, 1856, the exchange ofiice of Catlin k Brockway was 
 organized as a bank of issue; capital, $25,000, with E. P. Brockway, Richard Catlin, H. H. 
 Mead, E. L. Northrup, Thomas B. Bobbins, George W. Mitchell, B. B. Parsons and A. M. 
 Skeels as stockholders. After October, 1860, until the organization of the First National 
 Bank, E. P. Brockway and H. H. Mead owned all the stock of the bank. 
 
 First National Bank. — This bank was organized with a capital of $50,000, March 19, 
 1864. The stockholders and directors were E. P. Brockway, H. H. Mead, George L. Field, 
 William M. Taggart and Bertine Pinkney, the three first named being the principal holders of 
 stock. The first election of officers was held April 1, 1864, and resulted in the choice of E. P. 
 Brockway, President ; H. H. Mead, Vice President, and George L. Field, Cashier. These 
 men still retain the same offices. In 1869, S. T. McKnight and S. Richmond succeeded 
 William M. Taggart and Bertine Pinkney as Directors, who still continue in office. This 
 bank, from its commencement, has been a prosperous and successful institution ; the growth of 
 its business has been such that it now ranks among the safest and best in Wisconsin. It has 
 always maintained in circulation the full amount of bills allowed by law. The bank building, 
 a solid structure of Ripon stone, was erected in 1855, especially for banking purposes, on the 
 west side of Public Scjuare. 
 
 Prairie City Bank. — This was a bank of issue, organized in 1861 or 1862 by Julius Bur- 
 dick, as President, and C. H. Smith as Cashier. Its circulation — amount of bills issued under 
 the State law — was $20,000. The charter was sold at the end of the first year to Oshkosli 
 parties, the bank thereupon going out of business at Ripon. 
 
 Oneida Bank. — L. H. Kellogg opened, for a few months, in Ripon, a branch of the 
 Oneida Bank at Berlin. The concern proved disastrous to its patrons, and soon closed its 
 doors. 
 
 Bowen ^ Wheeler s Bank. — This is a private banking institution, the business of which is 
 -carried on by Jehdeiah Bowen and Charles F. AVheeler. They formed a copartnership in 
 
680 HISTORY -OF FOND DU LAO COUNTY. 
 
 May, 1864, for the purpose of carrying on the business of banking, except to issue bills, and 
 first opened in Mr. Bowen's stone building, in which was located the post office, on the east side 
 of Public Square at that date. The affairs of the bank are managed by Mr. Wheeler, Mr. 
 Bowen having other business to occup? his attention. 
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 Ripon Lodge, No. 9.5, F. cf- A. M. — In September, 1857, a dispensation was granted by 
 the Grand Lodge to the following persons: Robert 0. Selfridge, David N. Hosmer, A. B. 
 Pratt, Philo England, David P. Mapes, Charles Hopkins, Thomas Ford, G. P. Bragdon, J. E. 
 Brown and J. K. Hunt. The Lodge was duly chartered and numbered June 9, 1858. The 
 first officers were : R. 0. Selfridge, W. M. ; A. B. Pratt, S. W. ; D. M. Hosmer, J. W. ; 
 J. M. S. Maxon, S. D. ; Thomas Ford, J. D. ; J. E. Brown, Secretary ; B. Dailey, Tiler. 
 The Past Masters are R. 0. Selfridge, A. B. Pratt, W. M. Taggart, H. S. Town, Jay May- 
 ham, A. B. Russell, H. L. Barnes, L. E. Reed, E. Babcock, G. F. Horner. W. T. Whiting 
 and J. C. Miller. The present officers are L. E. Reed, W. M. ; A. Zinth, S. W. ; A. S. Crocker, 
 J. W. ; J. Hitchcock, Treasurer ; G. F. Horner, Secretary. 
 
 The Lodge has 107 members, and meets on the second and fourth Tuesdays of each 
 month, in Masonic Hall. 
 
 Ripon Lodge, No. lU. I- 0. 0. F.—On the 11th of March, 1868, Samuel Ryan, D. G. M. ; 
 E. M. Loomis, D. D. G. M., and Charles Marks, G. W., instituted this Lodge of Odd Fellows, 
 at Ripon. The charter members were L. S. Shepard, A. E. Olin, Daniel Stafford, 0. R. 
 Ellis, and H. McArthur. The first officers were L. S. Shepard, N. G ; Daniel Stafford, V. 
 G. ; S. G. Dodge, R. S. ; George W. Peck, P. S. ; A. E. Olin, Treasurer. Thereafter the 
 following officers were duly elected : 
 
 1868— D. Stafford, N. G. ; C. Combs, V. G. ; P. N. Dellinger, S. ; D. W. C. Root. P. 
 S.; A. E. Olin, Treasurer. 1869— C. Coombs, P. N. Dellinger. N. G. ; P. N. Dellinger. H. 
 T. Henton, V. G.; H. T. Henton, C. B. Valentine, S.; D. W. C. Root. H. Bowerman, P. S.; 
 G. E. Bushnell, H. R. Hill. Treasurers. 1870— H. T. Henton. T. Harris, N. G.: T. Harris, H. R. 
 Hill,V. G.; I. W. Gaylord, S.; R. Stuart, P. S.; H. R. Hill. A. P. Matteson, Treasurers. 1871-H. R. 
 Hill, I. W. Gaylord, N. G.; I. W. Gavlord, G. E. Bushnell, V. G.: G. E. Bushnell. R. Stuart, S.; R. 
 Stuart, C. R. Stickle, P. S.; Ed Smith, Treasurer. 1872— G.W. Bushnell, A. E. Olin, N. G.; A. E. 
 Olin, R. Stuart, V. G.; R. Stuart. E. A. Bradish, S.; C. R. Stickle, L. M. Allen, P. S.; Ed 
 Smith, D. Stafford, Treasurers. 1873— R. Stuart, A. P. Matteson, N. G.: A. P. Matteson, L. 
 M. Allen, V. G.; E. A. Bradish, W. W. Davy, S.; L. M. Allen, J. E. Chappell, P. S.; D. 
 Stafford, Treasurer. 1874— L. M. Allen, J. Rogers, N. G.; J. Rogers. J. M. Bonnell, V. G.; 
 J. M. Bonnell, J. E. Chappell, S.; J. E. Chappell, R. Stuart, P. S.; D. Stafford, Treasurer. 
 1875— J. M. Bonnell, J. E. Chappell, N. G.; J. E. Chappell, W. W. Davy, V. G.; C. N. 
 Hodges. W. T. Runals, S.; R. Stuart. E. W. Sylvester, P. S.; 0. E. H. Zobel, Treasurer. 
 1876— W. W. Davy, 0. E. H. Zobel, N. G.; 0. E. H. Zobel, John Mulvey, V. G.; W. T. 
 Runals, S.; E. W. Sylvester, C. H. Milliman, P. S.; D. Stafford, Treasurer. 1877— John 
 Mulvey, N. G.; W. T. Runals, C. J. Derby, V. G.; E. H. Upham, S.; C. H. Milliman. D. Stafford, 
 P. S.; C. N. Hodges, C. H. Milliman, Treasurers. 1878— C. J. Derby, C. H. Milliman, N. 
 G.; C. H. Milliman, E. H. Upham, V. G.; E. H. Upham, R. Stuart, S.; L. M. Allen. P. S.; 
 R. Stuart. D. Stafford, Treasurers. 1879— E. H. Upham, C. S. Latimer, N. G.; C. S. Latimer. 
 Ed Smith. V. G.; G. E. Bushnell, A. E. Olin, S.; L. M. Allen, P. S.; D. Stafford, Treasurer. 
 1880— Ed Smith, N. G.; H. J. Goodall, V. G.; R. Stuart, S.; L. M. Allen, P. S.; D. 
 Stafford, Treasurer. 
 
 The Lodge is prospering, owning all its furniture and having a sum of money out at 
 interest. The present membership is eighty-five, though 200 persons have belonged to the 
 Order since 1868. 
 
 Ripon Encampment, No. 37, I. 0. 0. F. — A dispensation was granted to this lodge Feb- 
 ruary 10, 1870, and a charter January 18, 1871, with the following charter members : H. R- 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 681 
 
 Hill, H. Bowerraan, D. Stafford, J. B. Crossan, P. N. Bellinger, A. E. Olin, S. B. Taylor 
 and D. P. Imson. The elective officers have been : 
 
 1870— H. R. Hill, G. W. Bellinger, C. P.; S. B. Taylor, A. E. Olin, H. P.; (}. W. Bellin- 
 ger, G. E. Bushnell, S. W.; H. Bowcrman, H. J. Goodall, J. W.; J. B. Crossan, S. B. Salis- 
 bury, Scribes; A. E. Olin, B. Stafford, Treasurers. 1871— G. E. Bushnell, B. Stafford, C. P.; 
 H. J. Goodall, T. Harris, H. P.; B. Stafford, S. B. Salisbury, S. W.; S. B. Salisbury, J. 
 Mulvey, J. W.; T. Harris, H. N. Williams, Scribes ; E. Smith, Treasurer. 1872— A. E. Olin, E. 
 Smith, C. P.; E. Smith, A. E.Olin, II. P.; J. Mulvey, H. N. Williams, S.W.; H, N. Williams, R. 
 Stuart, J. W.; G. E. Bushnell, L. M. Allen, Scribes ; T. Harris, B. Stafford, Treasurers. 1873— G. 
 W. Bellinger, R. Stuart, C. P.; G. E. Bushnell, L. M. Allen, H. P.; R. Stuart, C. J. Berby, 
 S. AV.; J. E. Cook, A. P. Matteson, J. W.; L. M. Allen, J. E. Chappeli, Scribes ; B. Stafford, 
 Treasurer. 1874— C. J. Berby, H. J. Goodall, C. P. ; J. E. Chappeli, B. Stafford, H. P.: A. P. 
 Matteson, T. J. Lynch, S.W.; f. J. Lynch, C. S. Latimer, J. W.; R. Stuart, AV.W. Bavy, Scribes; B. 
 Stafford. A. E. Bishop, Trensurers. 1875— J.Mulvey, C. S. Latimer,C. P.; J. M. Craig, H. P.; C. S. 
 Latimer, J. B. Owen, S. W.; R. Stuart, J. E. Chappeli, J. W.; W. W. Bavy, 0, E. H. Zobel, 
 Scribes ; B. Stafford, E. Smith, Treasurers. 1876— J. M. Craig, C. P.; W. R. Pearson, A. E. 
 Bishop, H. P.; A. E.Bisiiop, 0. E. H. Zobel, S.AV.; W. T. Runals, C. H. Milliman, J. W.; 0. E. 
 H. Zobel, W. T. Runals. Scribes ; B. Stafford, Treasurer. 1877—0. E. H. Zobel, C. P.; J. M. 
 Craig, C. H. Milliman, IL P.; C. H. Milliman, E. 11. Upham. S. W.; J. B. Owen, A. P. 
 Matteson, J. W.; W. T. Runals, C. S. Latimer, Scribes : B. Stafford, Treasurer. 1878— C. H. 
 Milliman, C. P.; E. H. Upham, II. P.: E. Smith. S. W.; A. P. Matteson, J. W.; C. S. Lati- 
 mer, Scribe ; B. Stafford, Treasurer. 1879— E. H. Upham, C. P.; A. E. Bishop, H. P.; 
 Thomas Harris, S. W.; L. M. Allen, J. W.; C. S. Latimer, Scribe ; B. Stafford, Treasurer. 
 
 By an order from the Grand Encampment, the officers of this and other encampments 
 hold office for one year. Meetings are held twice each month in Odd Fellows' Hall. 
 
 Ripon Lodge, K. of IT., No. l,SdS. — This Lodge was instituted January 1.5, 1878, by W. 
 H. Ballou, B. P. B.. of Oshkosh, with the following charter members : C. B. Hart, I. INI. Lrn- 
 derman, John Haas, Henry Lum, C. F. Bodge, J. J. Luck, M. Vankirk, G. F. Wilson, Geo. 
 H. Jussen, C. G. Thompson, S. R. Patten, Alanson Wood, H. L. Barnes, I. M. Bakin, H. S. 
 Town. The first officers were : P. S., H. S. Town ; Bictator, I. M. Linderman ; V. B., S. R. 
 Patten ; A. B., J. Haas ; R., C. G. Thompson ; F. R., H. Bauben ; Treas., A. Wood ; G., 
 G. H. Jussen ; C, H. L. Barnes ; Guardian, J. J. Luck ; Sentinel, G. F. Wilson ; Rep. to 
 Grand Lodge, H. S. Town ; Alternate, I. M. Linderman ; Trustees — J. J. Luck, one year ; C. 
 B. Hart, two years ; M. Vankirk. three years. 
 
 At the second election, held June 27, 1878, I. M. Bakin, who has since held this office, was 
 elected Reporter in place of C. G. Thompson. The same Treasurer and Financial Reporter 
 were chosen, and h:ive held the office ever since. The Bictators have been I. M. Linderman two 
 terms and S. R. Patten. The Lodge now has nineteen members. Meetings are held on the 
 first and third Fridays of each month, in the Sons of Herman Hall, over Graf & Jussen 's 
 store. 
 
 Living Water Lodge, No. 3.28, I. 0. G. T.- This Lodge of the Independent Order of Good 
 Templars was instituted by Rev. James Lavelle, November 5, 1866, with the following charter 
 members : Fred. S. Vceder. Will F. Bundy. Geo. C. Buffie, J. C. Oaks, C. F. Hammond, 0. 
 Vanorman, H. L. Strong, T. P. Smith. George AV. Peck, N. S. Bristol, Clarence Skinner, L. 
 M. Allen, Z. A. Pedrick. C. V. N. Brundige, Mrs. C. F. Hammond, Hattie Hammond, Mrs. 
 H. L. Strong, Mrs. 0. Van.rman, Mrs. E. N. Harris, Mrs. C. Allen, Mrs. J. C. Oaks, MissC. 
 M. O.iks, JMiss Minnie Cook, Miss M. Anniss. 
 
 The first officers were as follows : W. C. T., Fred S. Veeder ; W. V. T., Mrs. E. N. Harris ; 
 W. R. S., Z. A. Pedrick; W. F. S., J. C. Oaks; W. Treasurer, Hattie Hammond; W. M., 
 George C. Buffie: W. I. G., Mrs. C. M. Oaks; AV. 0. G., N. S. Bristol. George Washington 
 Peck, now proprietor of Peck's Sun newspaper, at Milwaukee, was chosen Lodge Beputy. The 
 Trustees were Z. A. Pedrick, J. C. Oaks and H. L. Strong. 
 
682 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Living Water Lodge has continued to meet regularly every week since its first organization, 
 and has initiated 1,000 members. The highest number of members in good standing at one time 
 was 150. The present active membership is 50. The lodge-room in old Masonic Block, on the 
 west side of Public Square, was nicely furnished at a cost of $300. Of the original charter 
 members only one remains, L. M. Allen, who is hardly ever absent from the regular meetings. 
 
 Ripon Crrange, No. 57. — Ripon Grange, No. 57, was organized February 4, 1873, by C. 
 W. Foster, Local Deputy of National Grange. The charter members were Jabin Lawson, Mrs. 
 Jabin Lawson, L. K. Hyde, A. Chisholm, Miss Lizzie Chisholm, Robert Kuderling, Mrs. 
 Robert Kuderling, A. G. Kellogg, Mrs. A. G. Kellogg, W. 0. Hargrave, H.W. Kellogg, H. S. 
 Hunt, FredNohl, Jr., Fred Nohl, t)r., L. Nohl, James Henderson, Sr., Miss Aggie Henderson, E. C. 
 Stewart, Mrs. E. C. Stewart, C. W. Kurz, M. AV. Meyer, A. W. Sage, Mrs. A. W. Sage, F. 
 Everez, E. Babcock, A. R. Hargrave, Mrs. A. R. Hargrave and R. Sheldon. 
 
 The first officers were: W. M., E. Babcock ; W. 0., Robert Sheldon; W. L., E. C. Stew- 
 art; W. S., James Henderson, Sr.; W. A. S., H. S. Hunt; W. C, F. Nohl: W. Treas., A. 
 R. Hargrave; W. Secy., W. 0. Hargrave; W. G. K., Jabin Lawson; Ceres, Miss Lizzie Chis- 
 holm ; Flora, Mrs. A. R. Hargrave ; Pomona, Mrs. R. Kuderling ; L. A. S., Mrs. J. B. Ager. 
 
 The organization was effected, and, for some time thereafter, meetings were held in the hall 
 over 0. J. Clark k Co.'s hardware store. Subsequently the lodge moved into Good Templars' 
 Hall, and finally into the Grange Hall in Salisbury Blpck, which they now occupy. Business 
 meetings are held in the afternoon of the first Saturday in each month. Special meetings were 
 held weekly for two years after its organization. The Grange has always had a large member- 
 ship of enterpi'ising and intelligent farmers. It has lost some members by withdrawal demits 
 and suspension, but the loss has been well made up by the addition of new members. E. Bab- 
 cock, J. B. Ager, 0. H. Chamberlain, J. M. Little, Henry Willard and A. R. Hargrave, the 
 present Master, have held the office of Master in succession. W. 0. Hargrave, J. M. Bonnell, 
 Mrs. H. E. Chamberlain, J. B. Ager and J. M. Bonnell have been the Secretaries. It is now 
 in good working condition, out of debt, and looks forward to a long time of usefulness and 
 prosperity. Its membership is made up of successful farmers, representing a large portion of 
 the wealth of the farming community in the vicinity of the city. The annual meeting is held 
 on the first Saturday in December of every year. 
 
 Ripon Temple of Honor and Temperance, No. 13. — This lodge, which is a secret fraternal 
 as well as temperance organization, was instituted March 19, 1875, by Jerome A. Watrous, with 
 forty-five charter members and the following officers: W. C. T., H. L. Barnes ; W. V. T., J. 
 D. Owen ; W. R., W. R. Lyle; W. F. R., Robert Stuart; W. T., N. H. WyckofiF; W. W., P. 
 Hales ; P. W. C. T., Byron Kingsbury ; Chaplain, J. M. Craig. The Temple increased rapidly 
 in numbers until it contained 250 members, and then decreased no less rapidly, until only enough 
 members in good standing were left to hold the charter and keep up the form of organization. 
 The lodge is financially prosperous, owning its furniture and paraphernalia, and having a sum of 
 money out at interest. 
 
 Ripon Lodge, No. 37, Sons of Herman. — The formation of this Lodge was secured by 
 Hyp. Dauben, May 18, 1878, with the following charter members : Hyp. Dauben, Gust. Muller, 
 George H. Jussen, J. J. Luck, Hugo Shultz, Emil Schaff, A. Singer, F. W. Butzke, John Haas, 
 Frank Jupp, August Zinth, William Quast, F. Schoeffler, S. Schmudlach and H. Mathwig. 
 The first officers were : President, Hyp. Dauben ; Vice President, J. J. Luck ; Reporter, Wm. 
 Butzke ; Financial Reporter, Robert Giese ; Treasurer, Hugo Schultz ; Guide, G. Muller ; 
 Inside Guard, George H. Jussen ; Outside Guard, S. Schmudlach. This Lodge now has twenty 
 members and a surplus capital of over $400. The Order is one for purely benevolent purposes. 
 It has forty lodges in the State, and a membership of 2,3iy. During the last year, it has paid 
 out in benefits to sick brothers, $5,262.72, and to the families of nineteen brothers who died, 
 $19,000. Its real estate was valued, January 1, 1880, at $56,178.98. Ripon Lodge holds its 
 meetings regularly in Sons of Herman Hall, over Graf & Jussen's store on Main street. 
 
HISTORY or FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 683 
 
 BENEVOLENT, LITERARY AND OTHER ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 Young Ladies' Guild. — The first meeting to organize this benevolent society was held at 
 the house of W. L. Gillett, in the fall of 1876. This portion of the constitution adopted at 
 that time, shows the objects of the society : 
 
 " We, the undersigned, do hereby organize ourselves into a society, to be called the Young 
 Ladies' Guild. Our object — to visit and sew for the poor, and give them such other assistance 
 as we may see fit. We agree to meet weekly ; to pay an initiation fee of 25 cents, and a fine of 
 5 cents for absence from any meeting." 
 
 The first officers were : President, Miss Nellie Skeels ; Vice President, Miss Alice Taggart; 
 Secretary and Treasurer, Miss Carrie Wolcott; Directors, Misses Anna Gillett and Lizzie 
 McCracken. The first funds were $30, as the proceeds of selling the furniture of the old 
 " Library Association," and $10 donated by the members of the society. The " Guild " has 
 done much to relieve the sufierings of the poor, giving entertainments and resorting to various 
 commendable means to secure funds to make their labors more comprehensive. It started out 
 with a membership of forty, which has increased since the date of organization. 
 
 American Red Ribbon Club. — In the spring of 1879, W. L. McCollister began a series of 
 revivals in Ripon, which resulted in securing the signatures of several hundred persons to a 
 pledge of total abstinence, among them many of the prominent citizens of the city. Having 
 secured the names of 1,400 persons, a permanent organization of the signers was effected the 1st 
 of May, by electing Hiram S. Town, President ; A. L. Dobbs, Recording Secretary ; Edwin 
 Wilson, Financial Secretary ; C. F. Wheeler, Treasurer. At the annual election of officers, in 
 January, 1880, C. H. Upham was chosen President; Mrs. S. F. Crosby, Recording Secretary; 
 Edwin Wilson, Treasurer; G. R. Shaw and 0. J. Wolcott, Managers. The Club supports a 
 reading-room opposite Opera Hall, at which papers and periodicals are free, and where members 
 congregate to indulge in social games and amusements. The Club has 200 active members. 
 
 St. Patrick'.^ Total Abstinence Society. — A total abstinence society was organized in St. 
 Patrick's Church, of Ripon, October 17, 1875. A constitution and by-lawg were adopted, and 
 the work of securing converts at once begun. The Society has been very successful, constantly 
 increasing its numbers and influence. It now consists of 250 members, including women and 
 children. Its meetings are held regularly on the fourth Sunday of every month, in the base- 
 ment of St. Patrick's Church. The officers of the Society are as follows : President, Rev. E. 
 A. Graves ; Vice President, E. Raymond ; Secretary, B. F. Keenan ; Treasurer, William Bres- 
 nahan ; Marshal, James Brenan. 
 
 Ripon Improvement Association. — The idea of forming an association of this kind originated 
 through an article in the August number of Scribners Monthly for 1878, written by Dr. B. 
 W. Dwight, of Clinton, N. Y. George L. Field, of the First National Bank, wrote to Dr. 
 Dwight in relation to the article, who sent the constitution of the " Rural Art Association," of 
 Clinton, which had been in existence many years. With this information for a foundation, Mr. 
 Field began the labor of forming a similar association in Ripon. An informal meeting of invited 
 persons was held January 26, 1880, at the residence of J. Bowen, but no organization was 
 perfected, though George L. Field, Prof. C. A. Kenaston, E. L. Runals, A. Everhard and J. 
 Bowen were appointed to draft a constitution. They reported at the residence of A. Everhard, 
 February 2, 1880, at which meeting the constitution was adopted. Article II gives the objects 
 as follows : " The objects of this Association shall be in general the improvement and advancement 
 of public and private grounds, the cultivation of rural art and taste among its. members, and the 
 development of such enterprises as may furnish a field for co-operation in rendering the place 
 more desirable as a place of residence." 
 
 At a meeting held at the residence of George L. Field February 16, 1880. the following 
 officers were chosen for one year: President, J. Bowen ; Vice President, A. Everhard ; Secre- 
 tary, 0. U. Akin ; Treasurer, L. E. Nohl ; Executive Committee, C. A. Kenaston, C. B. Seward 
 
-684 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 and G. L. Field. In no city has an association of this kind a more promising field for its labors. 
 The natural beauties of Ripon are acknowlerlged ; its inhabitants are wealtliy, and for the most 
 part cultured, and the soil is rich, deep and productive. One of the objects of this Association 
 is to lay out a fine driveway to Green Lake from Ripon. 
 
 Ripon Educational Club. — The idea of forming a club of this sort was brought to Ripon 
 by Mrs. S. F. Crosby, from Lansing, Mich., and took material shape in 1878, with the follow- 
 ing charter members : Mrs. S. F. Crosby, Mrs. A. M. Cowan, Mrs. L. F. Chamberlain, Mrs. 
 M. F. Ilanchett, Mrs. A. V. Everhard, Mrs. P. Thompson, Mrs. J. M. De Frees, Mrs. W. B. 
 Kingsbury. Mrs. J. Grant, Mrs. H. H. Mead and Miss Lizzie Clark. The first officers were as 
 follows: President, Mrs. S. F. Crosby; Vice President, Mrs. C. T. Tracy; Corresponding 
 Secretary, Mrs. P. Thompson ; Recording Secretary, Mrs. A. M. Cowan ; Assistant Secretary, 
 Miss Lizzie Clark ; Treasurer, Mrs. A. V. Everhard ; Membership Committee, Mrs. W. W. 
 Robinson. The object of the club is mutual mental improvement only, and it has been an 
 unexpected success. It is on a firm foundation, and considered an established feature of Ripon. 
 
 Ripon Rifles. — This is a military company organized, drilled and equipped under the 
 Wisconsin militia law. It was organized March 28, 1877, with Hugo Schultz, Captain; Ferd- 
 inand Thiel, First Lieutenant; Ed Kaath, Second Lieutenant, and the following privates: F. 
 Steinbring, William Mathwig, A. Steinbrinn;, F. Desner, M. Kruirer. H. Wilhvock, S. Schmud- 
 lach, F. Dannalls, John Mathefes, Charles Giese, William Kohl, William Reck, Martin Wiz- 
 orick, George Bishholz, G. Derizen, William Di-egor, F. Butzin, William Drews, C. Eggart, M. 
 Gartzke, G. Gehlhaar, H. Grutzmacher, F. Grutzmacher, John Haas, G. Hildebrandt, A. 
 Hildebrandt, John Hasse, 0. Johnson, Wdliam Ka;xth, G. Kohl, G. Litz, R. Lubitz, Tom Lam- 
 bert, John Milahn, H. Martwig. F. Manthei, H. Martin, Fred Milke, G. Otto, J. Pischke, L. 
 Prutz, John Prill, W. Rapp, Ed Steinbring, T. Steinbring. M. Streich, F. Schrandt, H. 
 Schrader, A. Sauger, E. Tobolt, F. Timm, Charles Timm, C' Tobolt, G. Teske, William Weg- 
 ner, A. Weishaar, John Weinke, M. Wizinske, William Zimmerman, C. Zimmerman, F. Zweiger, 
 William Zweiger, Aug. Zick, F. Ziebart, William Quast, Henry Kohl. Meetings are held in 
 Grange Hall, but the company has an armory in Kleifoth's block. It has a good martial band. 
 The state donates $300 annually. 
 
 MANDFACTURING INTERESTS. 
 
 Wisconsin Phalanx Mills. — The first mill in Ripon, or Ceresco, was the saw-mill built by 
 the Phalanx or Fourierites in 1844, and run by a "flutter-wheel." The first grist-mill was 
 also built by them a little more than two years later on the site of the Ceresco Mills. It had 
 but one stone, with a capacity of about three bushels per hour. But this was ample for the 
 time. Mr. Dellinger, who took charge in 1848, was the first practical miller, and he made some 
 improvements in the wheel, which increased the capacity of the mill to six bushels per hour. 
 The water-wheel for driving the flouring-mill consisted of a hollow wooden "log," attached in 
 the center to the shaft, from which the machinery received its motion. Both ends of this "log" 
 were closed and a large hole cut in opposite sides of it near each end. The water being let into 
 this "log" from below rusiied out at these holes, and the re-action gave motion to the " log," or 
 wheel. This quaint little mill was rebuilt by Brockway & Dellinger in 1851, who had purchased 
 it from the Phalanx the year before. It is still standing across the street from the Ceresco 
 Mills. 
 
 Stephen Bates was the first man to do grinding in the Phalanx Mill. In 1845, buhrs for 
 grinding coarse flour were fixed in the saw-mill and served the purpose of something better until 
 the grist-mill was completed. 
 
 Gothic Mill. — The "old stone mill," as it is now called, was erected on Silver Creek, where 
 that stream crosses Scott street, in 1853, and was opened for bu-iiness in December of that year. 
 It was a stone building, three stories high, and run by water. D. P. Mapes, the proprietor, was 
 its builder. It was in use about twenty years, coming into the hands of G. VV. Dellinger in 
 1862, who is the present owner of the building and the water-power. The Gothic was always a 
 custom mill. 
 
4^2--^--i^ 
 
 {OECEASEO.) 
 
 RIPON 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 687 
 
 Treanore jf Blodgett's Wagon Factory. — In 1853, Harvey Dodge & Son erected a two- 
 etory shop on the corner of Jackson and Bhickburn streets and began the manufacture of wagons, 
 carriages and slei";hs. In 1860, the firm became Dodge k Manville, consisting of G. F. Dodge 
 and E. Manville. They erected, as their rapidly increasing business demanded, four additional 
 3hops, three of brick and stone and one of wood. They gave employment, finally, to forty 
 men, and turned out a large amount of work, making lumber-sleighs in lots of 100 during 
 6-everal years. In 1874, the firm became Dodge & Mitciiell; in 1877, C. F. Dodge, and, in 
 February, 1878, Treanore & Blodgett, the present proprietors. This firm ca.rries on the most 
 extensive business in the manufacture of wagons, carriages, cutters, phaetons and sleighs of any 
 in the western portion of Fond du Lac County. This firm owns the business, but not the 
 buildings. 
 
 Ripon Mills. — The milling operations of G. W. Dellingcr, owner of Ripon Mills, extend 
 fa" beyond his present mill property. He at one time owned the entire water-power of Ripon, 
 extending from Scott street one mile west to Ceresco, and owned and had in operation at once 
 the three flouring-mills then within its limits, giving personal attention to all of them. He 
 erected into their present shape the Ceresco and Ripon IMills, and the water-power which now 
 drives them. In 1862, Mr. Dellinger bought the Gachic Mdl and water-power of H. T. Hen- 
 ton, and also three-eighths of the old Ripon Mills, built in 1850 by D. P. Mapes, at the foot of 
 Mill street. He at the same time owned and run the Ceresco Mills. In 1864, he purchased 
 of J. B. Maxfield the balance of the Ripon Mills. In 1865, he sold half of the Ceresco Mills 
 and purchased the woolcn-raill water-power of Dodge & Manville for $1,600. In 1866 and 
 1867, Mr. Dellinger converted the Gothic, Ripon and woolen mills water-powers into one power, 
 with a head of fifty feet, which is greater than that of any similar one in the State. During 
 these two years, he also erected the present Ripon Mills at the foot of Mill street. This build- 
 is five stories high, has six run of stones and a capacity of 1,100 barrels of flour per week. The 
 usual product, when all the stones are running, is 1,000 barrels per week. The total cost of 
 the mill and water-power was $36,800. The mill is one of the best in the Northwest, every 
 stick of timber being dressed and of the best quality. The "trunk" which carries the water 
 from the Scott street dam to the mill is ninety-four rods, long and cost $3,600. It contains 
 40,000 feet of lumber and 19,000 pounds of iron. In 1869, i\Ir. Dellinger sold the Ripon Mills 
 to A. K. Shepard, of Albany, N. Y., but was compelled to take the property back in 1879. 
 Immediately upon coming into possession of them again, Mr. Dellinger rebuilt the Scott street 
 dam, putting in a fine stone structure, laid in cement, at a cost of $1,000. The mills now have 
 water enough, except during a short period in the summer, but are supplied with ample steam- 
 power for such occasions. The products of Mr. DoUinger's mills are not sold in this country 
 alone, large orders being shipped direct to England and Scotland. 
 
 Ceresco Blilh. — In 1860, G. W. Dellinger moved across the street the old Phalanx Mill 
 and erected on its site a four and one-half story mill, with an overshot water-wheel, twenty-five 
 and a half feet in diameter, for power. The water was carried under the street in a trunk to 
 the wheel-house, where an elbow raised it to the top of the wheel, which was one of great power. 
 In 1865, H. B. Bateman purchased a one-half interest in the property and immediately added 
 another stone and purifiers. In 1370, the overshot w-ater-wheel was taken out and four turbine 
 wheels put in its place, which were made by W. H. Elmer, of Berlin. One is a ten-inch and 
 three are thirteen-inch wheels. In 1875, Mr. Bateman became sole proprietor. Since he 
 entered the mill, an addition 40x44 feet has been added, and a large steam engine and boilers 
 for use during low water. The water-power has a head of twenty-eight feet, which affords a 
 strong moving force. In 1879, machinery for producing " patent flour " was put in by Mr. 
 Bateman. The capacity of this mill is 100 barrels of flour per day. 
 
 Ripon Packing Company. — The Ripon Packing Company was organized and incorporated 
 in 1878, with a capital of $8,000. The stockholders were J. J. Smith, C. F. Hammond, B. 
 W. Smith and W. J. Corner, of whom J. J. Smith was President, and C. F. Hammond was Secre- 
 tary and Treasurer. The buildings, located at the intersection of Scott street and the Chicago, 
 
 V 
 
688 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, were erected in 1873-74, and are 100x160 feet on the ground. 
 They are equipped with all the appliances for canning cucumbers, tomatoes, horse-radish, making 
 catsup, chow-chow, and putting up mixed pickles and sauces. The Company contracts with the 
 farmers for any desired number of acres of cucumbers, or other stock, at a certain price per 
 bushel or hundred weight, the cucumbers to be from two to three and a half inches in 
 length and all delivered at,the factory. The Company is prosperous, transacting a little less than 
 $20,000 worth of business per season. The present stockholders are C. F. Hammond, W. J. 
 Corner, A. P. Harwood and D. V. N. Harwood, of whom C. F. Hammond is President, and D. 
 V. N. Harwood, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 Laning ^f Son's Planing-MiU. — This building was erected in 1874 by A. Laning, on 
 the site of a burned structure used for a similar purpose, on Fond du Lac street. In 1879, A. 
 Laning, Jr., became a partner in the business, under the firm name of Laning & Son. The 
 machinery, which is for dressing, matching, sawing and ornamenting lumber, is driven by steam, 
 and is of the most modern patterns. The mill has a good patronage, as there is no other similar 
 institution in the vicinity. 
 
 Zinth's Foundrii. — In 1859, Lucius Thatcher erected a two-story wooden building on Jack- 
 son street, at the crossing of the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad, for a foundry and 
 machine-shop. Afterward, D. W. Furniss became a partner in the business with August Zinth, 
 the present proprietor. In addition to custom founding and repairing, the '' Prairie City 
 Seeder " and horse-power threshing machines were manufactured during several years at this 
 shop. Harrows, plows and smaller agricultural implements are now manufactured. In 1872, 
 Mr. Zinth became sole proprietor. All Mr. Thatcher had to begin business with was one pair 
 of oxen. He got trusted for most of the building and the steam machinery, but, being an 
 excellent mechanic, he soon built up a large business. 
 
 GoodaU's Carriage Factory. — In 1874, H. J. Goodall erected, on Jackson street, a 
 brick and stone carriage factory, sixty-six front and two stories high, and began the manufacture 
 of " light work," or carriages, cutters, phaetons and buggies. In 1875, W. T. Runals purchased 
 an interest in the business, and the firm was Goodall & Runals until 1878, when the proprietary 
 interest returned to H. J. Goodall, in whom it still remains. Fine work is a specialty, Mr. 
 Goodall having been granted the first premium on carriages and phaetons at every competitive 
 exhibition where his work has been entered. When running at full capacity, the factory has 
 employed twenty men. 
 
 Hazen ;f- Son's Windmill Factory. — In 1871, L. Hazen invented and had patented a wind- 
 mill, the manufacture of which was immediately entered upon by Hazen Brothers, on Fond du 
 Lac street. In 1878, S. Hazen secured a patent for a geared and pumping mill, which is wholly 
 unlike any other ever put upon the market. The patent was upon a rotary vane, hinge and 
 shifting works. In 1880, S. Hazen made a further improvement in the mill, which consists in 
 a stationary vane, a hollow iron standard, and an eccentric wheel for changing the rotary to 
 horizontal motion, which is a great saving in power and friction. These mills, together with a 
 patent harrow, are now made by S. Hazen & Son, at their factory on Scott street, at the cross- 
 ing of Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railway, who maintain agencies in nearly all parts of the 
 United States and Canada, patents having been secured in both countries. 
 
 Haas' Brewery. — The only Brewery in Ripon belongs to John Haas. The building was 
 formerly the old "woolen-mill," built in 1850, just below tlie Ripon Mills, by S. Ford, and run 
 later by S. R. Patton, now of Oshkosh. It is well calculated for the brewing business. In 
 addition to his local trade, Mr. Haas has '.large orders from the surrounding cities, to supply 
 which he erected a substantial stone bortling-house near his brewery. Bottling and shipping 
 beer is now one of the prominent features of his business. 
 
 Powers' Cooper-Shop. — J. J. Powers carries on a large business. His first factory or shop 
 was in a portion of the old Ripon Mills building, which was burned in 1879. He erected a 
 new shop on the old site immediately after the fire, three stories high. It is conveniently 
 located, being connected with Ripon Mills, for which Mr. Powers does a large amount of work, 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC OOirNTY. 689 
 
 by an apparatus for sending barrels from one building to the other. Mr. Powers now employs 
 six men. 
 
 RIPON CEMETERIES. 
 
 Geresco Cemetery Association. — The first cemetery in what is now Ripon was laid out by 
 the Wisconsin Phalanx in 1845, in the northwest corner of the village of Ceresco. The lot was 
 deeded from the Phalanx to the Association by R. D. Mason, Jacob Beckwith, Jacob Woodruff, 
 Carlton Lane, John Irving and Russell Smith, and contained five acres and twenty-six rods. 
 Warren Chase, now a newspaper publisher at Santa Barbara, Cal., laid out the grounds — made 
 a plat of them — by a rude pocket compass. The first burial in this cemetery was that of Caro- 
 line Danks, one of the Fourierites, and the next was that of Uriel Farmin, a child. The 
 cemetery has been little used for many years. At the first death and burial, the Phalanx people 
 marked the sad event by appropriate demonstrations of sorrow. 
 
 HijJon Cemetery Association. — The first burial in Ripon was that of Timothy J. Mapes' 
 wife on College Hill. The next was that of Samuel Pedrick, who died in September, 1850. A 
 few others were buried on College Hill before a cemetery was set apart. These, or the most of 
 them, were removed to the present cemetery a few years later. The original deed, which trans- 
 fers from J. Bowen to D. Sabin, D. P. Mapes, E. L. Northrup, Dana F. Shepard and E. P. 
 West, two acres and four rods of land in the northwest quarter of Section 21, is dated March 
 8, 1853. Although there are no records, it appears a cemetery association had been formed 
 before this, in 1852, as J. Bowen, Avery Brown, T. J. Mapes, D. F. Shepard, J. Wil- 
 bur, S. G. West, E. P. West, A. P. Mapes, G. F. Lynch, A. B. Beardsley, M. King, 
 J. McConnell, H. S. Eggleston, A. McStevens, William Light and A. G. Kellogg, sub- 
 scribed $100 to '• save the deed " of Ripon Cemetery in February, 1858. In the course of a 
 few years, ofiicers were chosen who kept no record of the afiiiirs of the Cemetery Association, 
 which soon fell into a deplorable condition. From the latter part of 1859 to 1863, no ofiicers 
 were chosen at all on this account, and lots were occupied without approved record or title. 
 
 After various troubles, the remaining members of the old Cemetery Association met, March 
 17, 1863, to re-organize under the State laws. They therefore elected Dana F. Shepard Trustee 
 for one year ; George N. Lyman and A. M. Skeels, for two years, and B. G. Webster and Solon 
 G. Dodge, for three years. Ripon Cemetery, located just west of the college campus on the 
 southwest quarter of Section 21, which had been used up to this time, without its affairs being 
 propei'ly attended to, was found to be in a mixed-up and unsatisfactory condition, and many 
 conflicting claims were alive. In 1863, after these matters were adjusted as well as possible, four 
 acres additional were purchased of J. Bowen for $500. In 1866, a lot was purchased of Mrs. 
 Mayo for $100, and in 1869, still another of M. Lehan. Now, although the lots are mostly 
 taken and the cemetery limits begin to show signs of being too small for a city the size of Ripon, 
 there can be no enlargement of the grounds, on account of a statute which forbids the erection of 
 new or the enlargement of old cemeteries within the limits of cities. 
 
 The Presidents of Ripon Cemetery Association have been Dana F. Shepard, who served six 
 years ; E. Manville, H. T. Henton, and W. W. Robinson, the present oflicer, who has had the 
 oflBce since 1871. The Secretaries have been S. G. Dodge, M. W. Seeley, B. G. Webster, 
 Byron Kingsbury, and George L. Field, the present official, who was chosen in 1878. Samuel 
 Sumner has been Treasurer since the beginning of 1865. 
 
 The cemetery now contains 633 lots, nearly every one of which has been disposed of. A 
 movement to secure another cemetery lot, outside of the city, is now in contemplation. 
 
 CONFLAGRATIONS. 
 
 The fire that destroyed the greatest amount of property in Ripon was in April, 1869, when 
 all the offices and stores were burned from Zobel Bros.' present building, on the east side of 
 Public Square to Jackson street, and then east on that street to Dodge & Manville's shop. The 
 loss in dollars was not great compared with the number of buildings burned, as they were old 
 
690 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 wooden rookeries which were immediately replaced by substantial ones of brick and stone, thus 
 beautifying the city. One of them, however, Avas of stone, and a fine structure, which Mr. 
 Eowen, to whom it belonged, built for the post office. There were nine blocks destroyed on 
 Public Square, entailing a loss of $45,000. 
 
 The greatest number of buildings were burned September, 1868. when all those on the 
 east side of Broadway, or Main street, were burned from tiie corner of Public Square through 
 to Blossom street. These were also wooden buildings, and wortli but little, the conflagration, 
 therefore, resulting in beautifying the city. The loss was about .$^0,000. 
 
 In the winter of 1876, Samuel Sumner's large stone and brick block on the corner of Scott 
 street and Public Square was burned, together with S. Salisbury's grocery store next to it. 
 The upper floor of Sumner's block was occupied by W. M. Lockwood's largo photograph gallery. 
 The loss was about 110,000. 
 
 On the 10th of January, 1877, the Centennial Block, corner of Public Square and 
 Main street, burned from a cause generally unknown. The block was a very large one, fi-onting 
 on Main street and Public Square, of brick, and two stories high. It fl-as built in 1876 by 
 E. C. Kellogg. The loss was $-34,625, and the insurance about $20,000. 
 
 A very disastrous fire, in some respects, occurred February 6. 1879, when the post office on 
 West Fond du Lac street, near the Unitarian Church, was burned. The entire edition of the 
 Ripon Free Press, unnumbered letters and papers and all tJie stamps, money and parapliernalia 
 of the post office were destroyed. Two brick and stone blocks, one belonging to E. L. Runals, 
 and the other to Rev. J. Allen, were burned. The Postmaster, II. S. Town, received an appro- 
 priation from the Government in 1880, to re-imburse him for the loss of money and stamps, for 
 which he was personally liable. At this fire the total loss was about $12,000. 
 
 ripon's fighting career. 
 
 The position of Ripon from the first, as regards county-seat facilities, was of a desperate 
 character. Nor did the completion of a railroad to the city relieve her in that respect, coming 
 as it did from Waupun. It so happened that the seat of justice of Green Lake County was on 
 wheels, moving from Marquette to Berlin, and to Princeton, and to Dartford, all of which was 
 an aggravation to Ripon, because she felt certain that if tiie city were within the limits of Green 
 Lake County, she could capture and hold the prize with but half an effort. But Ripon was in 
 Fond du Lac County, where she cou'<l no more get the county seat than she could get the State 
 Capital. Then Ripon would bend her energies to getting out of Fond du Lac County. But 
 there, again, the State Constitution lay like a rampant lion right across her path. 
 
 An act of the Legislature could not set her out of Fond du Lac County; it must be supple- 
 mented by a vote of the people of the county. The case looked desperate, but Ripon was bound 
 to try. She sent a trusted friend to the Assembly, in the full belief that he could obtain the 
 necessary legislation, and ho did. At that time Fond du Lac County had one Senator and five 
 members of the Assembly, and the whole six — except the member from the west district — were 
 opposed even to submitting the act to the people. They fought it in every way and sliape; in 
 the two Houses, in the newspapers, in the streets and in the saloons. The odds were fearful — five 
 against one, but the one carried it by a vote of sixty-eight to eighteen in tiie Assembly, which 
 was so large a majority that the Senator took counsel of his prudence and did not undertake to 
 defeat it in the Senate. It went through, so the people were to vote on the question of "detach- 
 ing Ripon" at the next general election. And now commenced an agitation, the like of which 
 probably no other county in the State ever saw. It was, in fact, Ripon against the rest of the 
 county of Fond du Lac, for it was soon very plainly seen that there was not — outside of the 
 city and town of Ripon — one single person that was willing to let Ripon go. The county held 
 on to Ripon with a more desperate grip than the Egyptians did on to the Israelites, and in the 
 end the county was more successful than the Egyptians. Ripon selected fifteen workers, mak- 
 ing them a campaign committee with powers to do anything, undertake anything, or promise any- 
 thing in the name of the community. Following are the names of this committee : George N. 
 
HISTOKY f)F FOND DU LAC COUKTY. 691 
 
 Lyman, George W. Mitchell, William M. Taggart, E. L. Northrup, H. H. Mead, J. Bowen, 
 William Starr, B. B. Spalding, A. E. Bovay. D. P. Mapes, A. M. Skeels, George W. Parker, 
 T. B. Robins, J. Dobbs, II. S. Eggleston. These men raked the county over from end to end 
 and from side to side, the whole summer through, appealing to individual voters by every con- 
 sideration that could be thought of, to let Ripon go. Never was a community roused to such a 
 degree of unanimity before. Every man made it his own individual fight, and thus the strug- 
 gle went on from the day the bill was passed until the votes were counted. It was the plan of 
 the committee to post two men at each and every polling-place throughout the county — outside 
 of Ripon — on election day, and for this purpose assignments were made long beforehand, that 
 the men might get in their work and become acquainted with their precincts during the summer. 
 The result was that Ripon was finally defeated by an adverse decision of the Supreme Court; 
 not on the constitutionality of the act — for that was affirmed — but on the counting of certain 
 crooked votes which turned the scale. It was a fierce strujifjle and a bitter defeat; and no man 
 who was in it has the least desire to go through any such fight again. In fiict, this campaign 
 may be said to have ended Ripon's fighting career. Since that time, she has been gradually 
 losing her belligerent material and settling down into the quiet ways of peace. The men who 
 were in that struggle have gone this way and that ; some to the other world, some to the cities 
 and some to the farther West, leaving Ripon to the possession of the shades of Academus, a 
 quiet old age and the repose of a peaceful conscience. 
 
 "THE BOOTH WAR." 
 
 Ripon was never so thoroughly and intensely excited as when Sherman M. Booth sojourned 
 within her limits. Booth, as elsewhere related in this work, had personally aided an alleged 
 escaped slave, named Joshua Glover, to deliver himself from prison, into which he had been 
 thrown under the fugitive slave act. For this he was imprisoned in Milwaukee. After remain- 
 ing in prison about a year, through the aid of friends he escaped and came to Ripon, where he 
 arrived Saturday, August 4, 1860, under an armed escort from Waupun. Notice that he 
 would speak at the City Hall in the evening was sent out, and, at the appointed time, a large 
 audience filled the hall to its utmost capacity, while some hundreds in the streets w^ere unable to 
 gain admittance. 
 
 The meeting was called to order by C. J. Allen, when William Starr was chosen Chairman, 
 and Mr. Allen Secretary. Booth was introduced to the audience, and was greeted with hearty 
 applause, and bouquets were thrown on the platform by several ladies. 
 
 Booth had proceeded for some time with his speech, when Deputy Marshal F. D. McCarty, 
 of Fond du Lac, suddenly came on the platform and said, " I have a warrant to arrest you, Mr. 
 Booth." He barely succeeded in putting one hand on Booth, when he was instantly pulled 
 away by the bystanders. A scene of intense excitement and indescribable confusion followed. 
 "Kill him!" "Shoot him!" "Hang him!" went up in shouts from all parts of the hall. 
 McCarty was thrust out of the hall by the enraged people, being kicked and beaten by his pur- 
 suers, and was thrown down the lower flight of stairs, falling upon his face. Instantly regaining 
 his feet, he fled to the Mapes House, followed by the crowd in pursuit. The Mapes House was 
 the headquarters of the Marshal and his friends, and they appeared at the door armed, and for- 
 bade entrance to the pursuers. 
 
 At the hall, as soon as order could be restored, a resolution was offered by A. E. Bovay : 
 '■'■Resolved, That Mr. Booth shall not be re-arrested in Ripon," which was adopted amid deafen- 
 ing shouts and hurrahs. Edward Daniels took the stand and made an impassioned speech for a 
 few minutes, and moved that a League of Freedom be organized, the members of which should 
 be pledged to resist any attempt to execute the fugitive slave act. One hundred and twenty 
 persons were enrolled as fast as the names could be written. A. E. Bovay was elected Presi- 
 dent, and C. J. Allen Secretary. A vigilance committee of twelve members was appointed, 
 consisting of Edward Daniels, 0. II. La Grange, A. B. Pratt, Dana Lamb, A. E. Bovay, C. D. 
 Loper, J. S. Landon, F. R. Stewart, I. A. Norton, F. W. Cooke, Lucius Thatcher, A. M. May, 
 
692 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Benjamin Pratt, L. P. Rivenburgh. The mass of the people then formed a procession, pre- 
 ceded by the Ripon Wide Awakes, and escorted Booth to the residence of Prof. Daniels. 
 Some twelve or fifteen persons were put on dutv as a volunteer guard to defend the residence of 
 Prof. Daniels, and the remainder dispersed. 
 
 The vigilance committee held a meeting in the morning, and took measures to effect a 
 military organization, to subserve the purposes of the League. 
 
 The next day, the people came pouring in from the country, and at 3 o'clock a mass meet- 
 ing was held in a grove. Asa Kinney was called to the chair, and C. J. Allen appointed 
 Secretary. A committee, consisting of Edward Daniels, A. Pickett, C. J. Allen, J. W. Sanders, 
 I. A. Norton, P. F. Drury and J. A. Burt, was appointed to prepare resolutions. Booth then 
 addressed the meeting, after which Mr. La Grange was called out and spoke for a short time. 
 
 Mr. Daniels reported from the committee a series of resolutions, which were adopted unani- 
 mously. A procession then formed and marched to the City Hall — Booth going to the hall, as 
 he had gone to the grove, escorted by a body of arme.d men. The hall was taken possession of, 
 and guards stationed for its defense. 
 
 At the hall, a committee of ten was appointed to wait upon the Deputy Marshals and 
 request them to leave town. Messrs. William Starr, A. E. Bovay, E. Reynolds, C. J. Allen, 
 I. A. Norton, F. A. Strong, F. R. Stewart, L. P. Rivenburgh, A. B. Pratt and A. Leonard 
 were appointed such committee, who repaired to the Mapes House and had an intei'view with 
 Deputy Marshals McCarty, Henry, Stryker and Garlick. Mr. Starr conveyed to them the 
 request of the meeting, and received from them an answer that they were L^nited States officers, 
 that they had in their possession a warrant for the arrest of S. M. Booth, and they should 
 depart quietly when such departure was consistent with the performance of their duties. 
 
 Wiiile the committee and Marshals were in conference. Rev. Hiram McKee addressed a, 
 large concourse of people in the streets, which were crowded with excited people, while Booth 
 was strongly guarded at the hall, to which only known friends were admitted. 
 
 When the crowd re-assembled Monday morning, they found the hall vacant. Booth had 
 escaped during the night, as it had been announced that a regiment of soldiers (militia) from 
 Milwaukee was on the way to Ripon to arrest him and all eng.iged in preventing his capture by 
 the Deputy Marshals. He left to avoid tliis anticipated addition of strength, which, however, 
 did not appear. He went to the residence of a friend, in the edge of Green Lake County, 
 where he remained a few days. Thence he secretly fled to the town of Rosendale, and thence to 
 Utica, Winnebago County. Here he was discovered by agents of the Marshals,' who undertook 
 his arrest, but were unsuccessful. Booth fled to Berlin, in Green Lake County. In these 
 escapes, he had been powerfully aided by Prof. Daniels, who was soon after arrested and taken 
 before Judge Miller, of Milwaukee, who asked him to plead. Prof. Daniels declared he com- 
 mitted the alleged crime for which he had been deprived of his liberty, and did it understand- 
 ingly, after mature deliberation. He then proceeded to justify the act, making an eloquent but 
 scathing speech, attacking Judge Miller and all who in any way upheld or sympathized with the 
 "infamous fugitive slave act." The prisoner was fined $25, which was cheerfully paid. 
 This ended, so far as Ripon was particularly concerned, "the Booth war." 
 
 The idea of rescuing Booth originated with Edward Daniels, now a resident of Washing- 
 ton. Before going on with the work, however, ho conferred with Charles Sumner, who gave 
 unexpected encouragement. He then told his plans to 0. H. La Grange, afterward Superin- 
 tendent of the United States Mint at San Francisco, and these two Ripon men rescued Sher- 
 man M. Booth from the jail at Milwaukee in broad davlight. 
 
 FIRST THINGS. 
 
 The first birth was that of Charles Fourier Seaman, at Ceresco, in June, 1845. 
 
 The first death was that of Caroline Danks. 
 
 The first school was kept by Lester Rounds, in 1844, in the Phalanx House, at Ceresco. 
 
 The first schoolhouse was erected in 1845, in Lot 1, Block 5. Ceresco, at the corner of Church 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 693 
 
 and Liberty streets. It was of stone, but lias not occupied the original site for some years. 
 Mr. Rounds was the first teacher. 
 
 The first election was at the house of Lester Rounds, about the 1st of April, 1845. 
 
 The first building erected in Ripon was a small shanty by the Pedricks, April 9, 1849. 
 
 The first hotel in Ripon was the Ripon House, built by D. P. Mapes, in 1849. 
 
 The first Postmaster, was Lester Rounds, at Ceresco. The first one in Ripon was E. L. 
 Northrup. 
 
 The first newspaper was the Herald, begun by Mapes & Root, December 14, 1853. 
 
 Rev. G. H. Stebbins, a Baptist, preached the first sermon in May, 1844, at Ceresco. 
 
 The first flouring-mill was at Ceresco, in 1847. The first saw-mill was built by the Phalanx 
 early in 1844. 
 
 The first bank was organized in 1856, called the Bank of Ripon, by H. H. Mead, E. P. 
 Brockway, A. M. Skeels, B. B. Parsons, Richard Catlin, T. B. Bobbins, George W. Mitchell 
 and E. L. Northrup. 
 
 The first lawyer was Alvan E. Bovay, who came in 1850 to Ripon. 
 
 The Milwaukee & Horicon, now Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, first reached 
 Ripon in November, 1857. 
 
 Ripon was connected by telegraph lines with Milwaukee in 1860. George England was 
 active in securing the line by raising subscriptions, which were paid back in telegraphing after 
 the line was in operation. 
 
 The first school on " the hill," in Ripon, before Ceresco and Ripon became one, was taught 
 by Emily E. Turner, in a slab shanty, erected in April, 1849, by Samuel Pedrick, near the 
 present site of the Sheboygan and Fond du Lac Railway depot, as soon as there was any 
 organized school district. 
 
 The first marriage in Ripon (not Ceresco) was Jessie Campion's. 
 
 GROWTH OF THE CITY. 
 
 Ripon grew with astonishing rapidity during the first ten years of its existence — more 
 than it has since. That is to say, the portion founded by D. P. Mapes grew in new business 
 enterprises and population more from 1850 to 1860 than from 1860 to 1880. At the beginning 
 of the rebellion, almost as much ground was covered by hotels, shops and stores, as in 1880. 
 More men of property, education and business experience were drawn to Ripon than to almost 
 any other place of equal size that could be mentioned. To these it owed its rapid but sub- 
 stantial groAvth, as much as to its rich prairies and beautiful location. Productive prairies could 
 contribute a large but limited amount ; a community of men with experience, unbounded energy 
 and pretty liberal means, could contribute to an unlimited extent to the growth of a newborn 
 city. 
 
 True, more money was expended in building after 1869 than for ten years before, but it 
 was rebuilding. The two great fires were in 1868 and 1869, sweeping away almost one entire 
 side of Main street and Public Square. The destroyed property was of wood, and too old and 
 small to be of value. It was replaced with handsome and costly structures of stone and brick. 
 In 1870, twenty business blocks were thus rebuilt in Ripon. This could not be chronicled as 
 growth — enlargement ; but it showed a wonderful ability and willingness to mend the broken 
 city, and mend it well. 
 
 RIPON OF TO-DAY. 
 
 Ripon, containing at the census of 1875 a population of 3,501, has justly earned the 
 reputation of being one of the most beautiful, wealthy and pleasantly situated cities in the 
 Northwest. It is diversified by hill, valley and stream, and thickly shaded by choice trees of 
 more than the usual variety and beauty. It is not, in any sense of the term, a manufacturing 
 center, owingto the limitedsupplyof water in SilverCreek,duringmorethanhalf theyear. Ithas, 
 however, acquired an enviable reputation as being the center of a rich agricultural district, the 
 
694 
 
 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 seat of a prosperous college, and the nearest city to Green Lake, an already famous summer 
 resort. Its inhabitants are largely composed of men retired from their various occupations, 
 and the place has therefore a clean, quiet, comfortable air, quite in contrast with the usual hurry 
 and bustle of Western cities. Ripon contains good limestone for building purposes, which lies 
 well to the surfice. The three college buildings, two churches and nearly half the business 
 blocks are of Ripon limestone, though some of them are fronted with brick. In Ceresco is » 
 deposit of good brick clay, from which the material for several large blocks has been secured. 
 Fuel is reasonably cheap, large forests of oak, a few miles distant, furnishing the supply. 
 
 Ripon has convenient railway ficilities. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway 
 puts the city into communication with at least five States over its own lines, and persons desir- 
 ing to do business in Milwaukee or Chicago, the Western centers, find the most desirable 
 arrangements always in force. What is quite remarkable, every one of the surrounding cities and 
 villages is directly connected by rail with Ripon ; on the south and north by the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee & St. Paul road, and on the east and west by the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac. Since 
 the latter road came into possession of the Chicago & North-Western Railway Company, Ripon 
 wheat-shippers have occasionally enjoyed unparalleled transportation privileges. During 
 several weeks in the fall of 1879, competition became so lively between the two roads that each 
 carried wheat for nothing. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 CITY OF WAUPUN. 
 
 First Settlement— Meaning of the word Waupun— First Events— Growth of Waupun- 
 Village and City Officers, 1857-1879— A llEMiNiscENCE—CiiuucnES— Waupun a Quar- 
 ter OF A Century Ago— Secret Societies— Waupun Pioneers— Manufactori es— 
 Banks— Old Settlers' Club— Waupun Library Association— Wisconsin State Prison 
 —Waupun a Dozen Years Ago— Waupun Fire Company, No. 1- Dodge County Mutual 
 Insurance Company— A Contrast— Waupun Schools— The Post Office— Waupun 
 Agricultural and Mechanical Association— Cemeteries— Public Halls— Hotels — 
 Fun in Ye Olden Time. 
 
 FIRST settlement. 
 
 In the early fall of 1838, Seymour Wilcox, then engaged on the Government works near 
 Green Bay, came to what is now the city of Waupun to locate land for a home. He did so at 
 the suggestion of John Bannister, who had surveyed in the vicinity, and who described the 
 Rock River Valley as the most beautiful and fertile he had ever seen. He determined to make 
 himself a home where he afterward settled and resided, about twenty rods east of what is now 
 Markle & Harris' flouring-mill, on Rock River. Therefore, in February, 1839, with John N. 
 Ackerman, Hiram Walker (and another man who remained but a few days), he arrived at the 
 spot previously visited, driving from Green Bay a yoke of oxen laden with a few boards and 
 some provisions. Four burr-oaks were found, to which the boards were nailed for shelter. In 
 this small shanty they lived, or stayed, until a log house was nearly finished, when Mr. Wilcox 
 returned to Green Bay for his family. Ackerman and Walker finished the house, which was 
 occupied by Mr. Wilcox and his family for the first time on the 20t]i of March, 1839. Acker- 
 man and Walker were single men, and boarded with Mr. Wilcox, helping him to break land and 
 raise a few oats, some corn and potatoes and a little "garden truck," but no wheat. Pork and 
 flour came from Green Bay, and, occasionally, $20 was paid for a barrel of the latter, which 
 was so hard and sour that it would stand alone after the hoops and staves had been removed. 
 
 From this time up to 18-11, no other persons were added to the settlement. Living in that 
 rude hut, the days came and went without registering any very strange event. They heard no 
 startling news to disturb their serenity ; no rise or fall of stocks broke in upon their equanimity ; 
 there was no crash in business, no downfall of dynasties, no new fashions to attract their atten- 
 tion. The gray of each morning was heralded by an old, pompous-looking rooster that had 
 been imported, who blew his clarion trumpet at 4 in the morning, one blast following another 
 with great rapidity. Around Mr. Wilcox's home were beautiful openings; beyond these were 
 blooming prairies, extending he hardly knew where. These natural meadows were interlaced 
 with silver rivulets that danced to their own music. Amid these openings — nature's mighty 
 parks — roamed the noble deer ; and over those prairies, which were like so many gorgeous 
 pearls in richest settings, the soft wind played. 
 
 The first day of that pioneer family can well be pictured. It was in the season of the 
 year when frosty nights were succeeded by sunny days ; when the crows crept into the woods, 
 as if they felt approaching May. The kittens ran round the cabin, and chased each other up 
 the trees; and the dog wandered along the river-side, for reasons best known to himself The 
 woodpecker tapped his drowsy music on the decayed trunks; the turkey peered from behind the 
 roots of the upturned trees, where she had been waiting so long to hail the blessed warmth, and 
 inquired, " What business have you here?" The squirrel pushed his nose out of the door of 
 his castle, and, after looking cautiously upon the intruders, threw his tail over his back, and, 
 
696 HISTORY OF FOND DU laC COUNTY. 
 
 with an angry chirrup, trotted to the nearest stump ; and then, as the sunbeams pierced through 
 the tangled woods, the bluebird broke forth into a note of song, tuned the strings of her harp 
 for the coming summer, and inquired when gentle May was coming, with her music and her 
 flowers. 
 
 In after years, the daughters ot Mr. Wilcox would tell how they learned to get breakfast 
 and wash dishes; how, one night, they heard a wolf howl in the woods; and how a dirty old 
 Indian poked his head in at the door, and asked for fire-water. They would tell how they used 
 to thrust their little bare feet into the faces of the violets, with a dainty sauciness; how they 
 went down to the river, of a morning, to wash, and arranged their locks with a wooden comb ; 
 how, when they milked the cows for the first time, the white current went fizz into their eyes, 
 and shot over into a cluster of wild roses that were blushing at the performance. 
 
 There are threads of beauty that pervade every household, wherever it may be, and what- 
 ever may be its lot. There are always pleasant thoughts, kind words and happy remembrances 
 flying to and fro. How must the hearts of this family have rejoiced when, as the long shadows 
 of evening were stretching over the landscape, some traveler, in his Kentucky-jeans coat and 
 stoga boots, alighted from his shaggy old horse, and asked entertainment for the night. They 
 looked upon it as a sort of angel-visit ; each one strived to outstrip others in acts of hospitality; 
 and though they could not offer him the luxuries of life, he soon felt tbat he was welcome to 
 anything they had. The old fireplace, if it was winter, was soon piled -with logs up to the very 
 throat, and shook its shadows around the room in defiance of the winds that roared without. If 
 the traveler happened to have a paper a month old, their joy was at its height, and the younger 
 members of the family ransacked its columns with the greatest delight. 
 
 This little band had, as it were, severed all connection between themselves and the past. 
 True to their purpose, they went to work in their new home as if they were going to tear down 
 the whole forest and pile it into boards. Amid wind and storm and suffering and privation, 
 they helped to lay the foundation of Wisconsin's greatness. Morn's early dawn, and evening's 
 gentle hush, bore witness to their industry; and the happiness now enjoyed by the citizens of 
 the city of Waupun is, in a degree, the product of their labor. They were firm to their pur- 
 pose as flints, and the sparks struck from them are transfigured into images of beauty and 
 romance. Their memory will ever be necessary to the loveliness of the city. 
 
 The family of Mr. Wilcox was relieved from the monotony of such complete isolation, in 
 1841. In that year, the settlement received an accession in the persons of C. Carrington, Mr. 
 Town and others, who heroically entered upon the hardships of a pioneer life, in a section of 
 country where everything was new. But to work they went, girdling the trees, fencing the 
 land, raising log houses, and making the old "openings" echo with the din of their industry. 
 From morn till night, they toiled in their new homes, and sent the breaking-plow, drawn by 
 yokes of sturdy oxen, through the native sod. Then came the green grass, the corn and the 
 wheat, some bearing sixty-fold and some an hundred-fold. There were no arbitrary lines drawn 
 amongst them; no memorable fictions in the way of their progress; society, habit and custom 
 hung no dead-weight on their ambitious minds. It was thus the first settlement began, in 
 what is now the city of Waupun. 
 
 MEANING OF THE WORD WAUPUN. 
 
 The Indian word IFaw^MW (meaning ''the early day," or, perhaps, strictly speaking, " the 
 early light or dawn"), which was intended to have been given to the town organized in 1842, in 
 tlie western portion of Fond du Lac County, was, upon its first use by the early settlers, written 
 incorrectly ; and its orthography was not fully settled until some years after, when " Waupun " 
 came into general use. The town in Fond du Lac County being called " Waupun," the name 
 was also given to the village, although the latter was located both in Fond du Lac and Dodge 
 Counties ; and, of course, when the place grew into a city, and was incorporated, it was still 
 called "Waupun," which name has the merit, at least, of being unlike any other in the United 
 States. Although the place was first called Madrid, after the native place of Seymour Wilcox, 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 697 
 
 yet, when the commission of the first Postmaster arrived, it was found that the name had been 
 changed to VVaupun ; this was done by James Duane Doty, who was then a delegate in Con- 
 gress ; so that to Doty belongs the honor of the name. 
 
 FIRST EVENTS. * 
 
 The first store in Waupun was opened by Thomas C. Snow, in John N. Ackerman's house, 
 in Upper Town, in 1845. He kept a limited stock of dry goods, groceries, crockery and a few 
 medicines. 
 
 The first Postmaster was Seymour Wilcox, commissioned in the winter of 1840 and 1841. 
 The first sermon was by Rev. S. Smith, a Methodist, who then lived at Calumet, in the little 
 schoolhouse erected near where the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway crosses Main 
 street, in 1844. He had presided at informal prayer or class meetings, at the house of Seymour 
 Wilcox, as early as 1840. 
 
 At the first election held at the house of Seymour Wilcox, in the spring of 1842, eleven 
 votes were cast. 
 
 The first hotel was the log residence of Seymour Wilcox, who entertained travelers as soon 
 as he moved into it, in 1839. The next hotel was J. N. Ackerman's, opened in 1845. 
 
 The first grist-mill was built by Forest & Smith in 1846, where Markle & Harris' stone 
 mill now stands. The same firm built a saw-mill a few rods distant a year earlier. 
 
 The first newspaper was the Times, in 1857, by J. H. Brinkerhoff. 
 
 The first school was opened in 1844, by Charles Cleveland, in a small frame building situ- 
 iited near where the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway crosses Washington or Main 
 streets. 
 
 The first marriage in Waupun was that of William G. McElroy to Miss Lucinda Collins, in 
 1841, at Seymour Wilcox's house, by Mason C. Darling, of Fond du Lac. An enthusiastic 
 pioneer, writing in 1857, thus describes the wedding: 
 
 " The wedding day came ; the woods were a frozen poem written by invisible fingers. The 
 earth was wrapt in its winding-sheet of snow, but in our little cabin the light flickered gi'o- 
 tesquely from the fireplace on the unhewn rafters. There was no useless array among the bridal 
 party, no satin dresses dotted with stars, no jewels spangled in the bosom of the bride, no 
 bracelets encircled her arm, nor did any veil fall from the back of her head to hide the simple 
 evergreen that shone iu her hair. There were no dandified, white-gloved, scented, feline-look- 
 ing, empty-headed scions of codfish aristocracy present ; no fashionable birds with beautiful 
 plumage and sickly looks : no pale pets of the parlor who had vegetated in unhealthy shades 
 until their complexions had assumed a greenish color like a potato in a dark ceUar. The cere- 
 mony throughout was characterized by Quaker-like simplicity. The building was humble. The 
 ceremony over, I can see the white cloth placed on the table, and on it a plate or two of 
 biscuits almost as white. Then I see a big gobbler, fattened for the occasion, and almost smell 
 the sage with which the stuffing was sprinkled. Then came a bowl of pickled cabbage, a dish of 
 baked beans, a plate of boiled beets fantastically decorated with cloves, and after that the crown- 
 ing dish of all — a glorious jelly-cake, well seasoned with ginger and molasses plentifully spread 
 between the layers for jelly. * * * f j,g ^jg^y following the wedding the bridal 
 
 party proposed a journey to Lake Emily, where the bride's parents resided, and which lay 
 twelve miles distant through roadless woods and prairies. And what was their chariot? a mag- 
 nificent sled. By what was it drawn ? a magnificent yoke of oxen. W^ith what was it 
 enshrined? a magnificent bundle of clean straw, and on this the beautiful bride and her attend- 
 ant sat as dignified as did Cleopatra when surrounded with all that wealth could purchase." 
 
 The second marriage ceremony, performed October 11, 1842. although not performed in 
 Waupun, snatched from single blessedness one of its earliest settlers, John K. Ackerraan. Mr. 
 Ackerman, with two small Indian ponies, went to Fond du Lac and secured the services of 
 Alonzo Raymond, a Justice of the Peace, and the two proceeded by Indian trail to Oshkosh, 
 where the bride, Miss Hannah A. Ford, was stopping. After the ceremony, the young couple 
 
698 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 mounted the ponies and made the journey to Waupun. The trail was exceedingly rough in many 
 places, making it impossible for the riders to stick to their ponies unless they sat astride, which 
 they occasionally did. Just imagine a modern belle making her bridal tour astride of a shaggy 
 little Indian Dony! 
 
 The first birth was that of a son, Ira, to Mr. and Mrs. Seymour Wilcox, April 17, 1841. 
 The second was that of J. N. Ackerman's daughter, Marian A., in October, 1843. 
 
 The first death was that of a boy named Town, which occurred at his father's house. At 
 Mr. Town's "barn-raising" a pail of whisky was set out for the men, and the boy, unnoticed, 
 drank so freely of it that he soon after died. 
 
 The first frame building was a barn built by John N. Ackerman in 1843. The next two 
 were Mr. Ackerman's residence and a building erected by Seymour Wilcox, where the Exchange 
 Hotel stands. 
 
 The first railroad train reached Waupun February 15, 1856. 
 
 The first church building was erected by the Baptists in 1849. 
 
 GROWTH OF WAUPUN. 
 
 The first settlement in what is now the city of Waupun was made, as we have seen, in 
 1839, at which time Seymour Wilcox, perceiving that here was a water-power on (he west branch 
 of Rock River — then a stream of considerable size — combined with other natural advantages, 
 determined to locate at this point, and, in that year, removed with his fiimily from Green Bay 
 and became the first settler and founder of what has since become a beautiful and flourishing 
 young city. At the same time, Hiram Walker and John N. Ackerman, attracted by the reports 
 brought to Green Bay by Mr. Wilcox, were induced to accompany him and settle at this place, 
 where Mr. Ackerman still resides on the farm originally entered by him, having lived to see the 
 silence of the prairie where he had chosen to build his home give place to a community of happy 
 settlers, again changing to a thriving village, and, again touched by the wand of progress, trans- 
 formed into a busy and a;ribitious little city, of which he had the honor of becoming the first Mayor. 
 
 In these early days, the location of but a few families in one locality was necessary to form 
 a nucleus for others, and, in this case, but few years had passed before a small store was opened, 
 a mill erected, and it became evident that a village must eventually grow up. To facilitate that 
 result, Mr. Ackerman, in 1846, laid out into village lots, platted and recorded as the village of 
 Waupun, about ten acres of land on the southeast corner of Section 31, in the town of Wau- 
 pun, Fond du Lac County, since known as the "upper town." The year following, Mr. Wil- 
 cox, whose farm lay about three-quarters of a mile to the eastward, unwilling to see the pros- 
 pective village grow up without sharing in its benefits, proceeded, with others, to lay out and 
 plat into village lots about fifty acres of land, lying across the county line, partly in Dodge 
 and partly in Fond du Lac County, and called their village East Waupun. Then commenced a 
 lively but friendly contest between the rival villages, to determine which should be the future 
 city. This rivalry continued until the location of the Wisconsin State Prison, adjoining East 
 Waupun, in 1851, and the completion, to this point, of the Milwaukee & Horicon, now the 
 Northern Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, in the year 1856. These 
 events practically settled the question, and the "upper town" reluctantly submitted to the inev- 
 itable, and, in 1857, the rival villages were united, under the name of the village of Waupun, 
 by a special charter, granted by the Legislature, and approved March 6, 1857. By this act, 
 the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 4, the north half of Section 5, and 
 the east half of the northeast quarter of Section 6, taken from the town of Chester, in Dodge 
 County, and the east half of the southeast quarter of Section 31, the south half of Section 32, 
 and the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 33, taken from the town of 
 Waupun, in Fond du Lac County, was incorporated. The village lying thus in two counties, 
 special provisions were required and granted in the charter, among which, jurisdiction in both 
 Dodge and Fond du Lac Counties was conferred upon Justices of the Peace, and the Village 
 Marshal was given authority to serve process in both counties. 
 
HISTORY OP FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 699 
 
 The growth of the place had been so rapid, that at the first charter election in April, 1857, 
 three hundred and twenty-three votes were cast, indicating a population of over sixteen 
 hundred. 
 
 In 1858, and again in 1865, the charter was amended to provide more fully for laying out 
 and opening new streets. In 1871, the original charter, with its amendments, was revised and 
 consoliilatcd by an act of the Legislature, approved March 21, 1871. 
 
 The steady growth of the place was such, that in 1878 it was considered advisable to incor- 
 porate as a city, with a charter entirely re-written, adapted to the peculiar geographical situation 
 of the place. A city charter was accordingly granted March 5, 1878, including witliin the city 
 limits additional territory, the residents of which, having observed the economy and good judg- 
 ment displayed in the management of theaffairs of the village, desired the advantages to be derived 
 ed from a city r»ther than a town government. This additional territory was taken partly from 
 each county, llie southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 4, and the north half 
 of the south half of Section 5, a total of 200 acres taken from the town of Chester, and the 
 northwest quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 23, from the town of Waupun. 
 
 The growth of Waupun has been steady and constant from the beginning. Very few com- 
 mercial failures have intervened, to retard its general prosperity. Its business men have, as a 
 rule, been honorable and enterprising tradesmen. Its professional men and other citizens have 
 generally been public spirited and liberal in everything tending to build up the place. The 
 tone of its society and government was originally imparted, and has since been maintained, by 
 the sound judgment and strict integrity of its earlier citizens, many of whom still remain promi- 
 nent and influential in social and business affairs, among whom W. H. Taylor, who came in 
 1846, Dr. H. L. Butterficld, Eli Hooker, Edwin Ilillyer and B. B. Baldwin, in 1847, John 
 Bryce, M. K. Dahl and R. L. Graham, in 1849, and M. J. Althouse, about 185-3, have done 
 much in giving direction to the management of affairs, and making the city what it now is, 
 while many other useful and valuable citizens, who were among the first to come, having per- 
 formed their full share of the builders' work, have crossed the river to their homes upon the other 
 shore. 
 
 The prudent and conservative policy pursued by its earlier citizens has produced its natural 
 result. No municipal debt has ever been created, and while Waupun possesses superior railroad 
 facilities — both the Ciiicago. Milwaukee & St. Paul and the Chicago & North-Western Railways 
 competing for its trade — and has a thoroughly equipped fire department, and all necessary build- 
 ings for a city of its size, it is entirely free from debt, and by the terms of its charter must ever 
 remain so. Its numerous churches, schools, fine business establishments, elegant private resi- 
 dences, and valuable public library of about 3,000 volumes, together with its general henlthful- 
 ness and the natural beauty of its situation, are constantly attracting new residents to aid in its 
 further development. The name is in itself suggestive. The Indian word " Waubun" signi- 
 fying "early light," changed to Waupun is eifiblematically represented by a device on the seal 
 of the city, showing the sun just rising over a low range of hills, which may well be taken to 
 represent the well-known "ledge" which lies a few miles to the eastward. 
 
 VILLAGE AND CITY OFFICERS, 1857-1879. 
 
 1857 — J. Look, President; Ira Hill, Treasurer; Cromwell Laithe, Marshal; W. H. Tay- 
 lor, Clerk; A. P. Phelps, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1858 — L. P.Preston, President; T. B. Moore, Treasurer; Phelps Moore, Marshal; Eli 
 Hooker, Clerk; William Ware, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1859— T. Carpenter, President; R. W. Wells, Treasurer; F. Hamilton, Marshal; Eli 
 Hooker, Clerk; D. E. Dingman, Street Commissioner. 
 
 18G0 — J. N. Ackerraan, President; R. W. Wells, Treasurer; A. A. Greenman, Marshal; 
 Y{ . H. Taylor, Clerk ; D. E. Dingman, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1861 — A. H. RounseviUe, President; R. W. Wells, Treasurer; A. A. Greenman, Mar- 
 shal; Eli Hooker, Clerk ; George V. Ackerman, Street Commissioner. 
 
700 HISTORY OF FOND DI' LAC COUNTY. 
 
 1862— George Wirt, President; R. W. Wells, Treasurer; J. T. Bennett, Marshal; W. H. 
 Taylor, Clerk ; D. E. Dingman, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1863— T. W. Markle, President; R. W. Wells. Treasurer; A. J. Spear, Marshal; W. 
 H. Taylor, Clerk ; A. A. Greenman, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1861— D. P. Norton, President; R. W.Wells, Treasurer; A. J. Spear, Marshal; W. 
 H. Taylor, Clerk; A. A. Greenman, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1865— John Ware, President; R. W. Wells, Treasurer; A. B. Kimball, Marshal; L. B. 
 Hills, Clerk ; A. A. Greenman, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1866— George W. Bly, President; R. W. Wells, Treasurer; A. B. Kimball, Marshal; 
 John Ware, Clerk ; F. W. Stewart, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1867— G. W. Stanton, President ; R. W. Wells, Treasurer ; Simon Heath, Marshal ; J. B. 
 C. Drew, Clerk ; T. W. Markle, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1868 — A. Robinson, President; R. W. Wells, Treasurer; Simon Heath, Marshal; W. H. 
 Taylor, Clerk ; J. L. Sargent, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1869 — Charles Jones, President ; R. W. Wells, Treasurer ; Simon Heath, Marshal ; W. H. 
 Taylor, Clerk ; D. C. Brooks, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1870— George W. Bly, President; R. W. Wells, Treasurer; Simon Heath, Marshal; W. 
 H. Taylor, Clerk ; D. C. Brooks, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1871— D. P. Norton, President; R. W. Wells, Treasurer; S. Heath, Marshal; W. H. 
 Taylor, Clerk ; J. L. Sargent, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1872— J. N. Ackerman, President ; R. W. Wells, Treasurer : S. Heath, Marshal ; C. W. 
 Henning, Clerk ; D. C. Brooks, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1873— M. J. Althouse, President ; R. W. Wells, Treasurer ; S. Heath, Marshal ; C. W. 
 Henning, Clerk ; D. P. Norton, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1874 — M. K. Dahl, President; R. W. Wells, Treasurer; Simon Heath, Marshal; C. W. 
 Henning, Clerk ; A. G. Pierce, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1875 — George W. Stanton, President ; R. W. Wells, Treasurer ; Simon Heath, Marshal ; 
 C. W. Henning, Clerk ; D. C. Brooks, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1876— M. K. Dahl, President ; R. W. Wells, Treasurer ; S. Heath, Marshal ; C. W. 
 Henning, Clerk ; D. C. Brooks, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1877 — George W. Stanton, President ; R. W. Wells, Treasurer ; Simon Heath, Marshal ; 
 W. H. Taylor, Clerk; Charles Graves, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1878 — Under the city government — John N. Ackerman, Mayor ; R. W. Wells, Treasurer ; 
 Simon Heath, Marshal ; S. J. Sumner, Clerk ; A. Colburn, Street Commissioner. 
 
 1879 — George Jess, Mayor ; R. W. Wells, Treasurer ; Simon Heath, Marshal ; S. J. 
 Sumner, Clerk ; Charles Graves, Street Commissioner. 
 
 A remin'iscence. 
 
 [by a pioneer, 1878.] 
 
 " It was in the summer of 1844 that I, for the first time, set my eyes on the broad prairies 
 and pleasant openings of Waupun. Beautiful indeed was the panorama which greeted my sight. 
 The landscape was then covered with a luxuriant growth of vegetation, the greater part of 
 which was new and strange to me. Wild flowers of every shade and color that fancy could 
 paint or imagination conceive were blooming on every hand, richly contrasted by the tall prairie 
 grass, which in wild luxuriance was waving in the gentle breezes of that balmy summer after- 
 noon. You may imagine, but can scarcely realize, with what rapture and delight I gazed on 
 the lovely scene. Coming as I did from the bleak and rugged hills of the Empire State, it 
 seemed to me more like a vision of fairy-land than it did a reality before me. 
 
 " The road on which I came from Watertown led past Oak Grove to Waupun. The scene 
 as I came upon Rolling Praii'ie was beautiful indeed. Far away before me stretched the prairie, 
 rolling in gentle undulations until the outlines were lost against the dark green forest. The 
 prairie grass was broken into billows by the breeze and it looked like a sea of emerald. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 701 
 
 " No habitation was iji sight ; but once or twice I caught a glimpse of a settler's cabin 
 nestled far away on the borders of the prairie, or the blue smoke ascending heavenward marked 
 the home of the pioneer. As I entered the openings on the Waupun road, no sound disturbed 
 the scene, save now and then the whir of the prairie-hen as she arose into the air, or the shrill 
 whistle of the plover, or the more harsh notes of the sand-hill crane might be heard in the distance. 
 The first house I passed was on the farm now owned by Mr. Cole, then owned by a man by the 
 name of Mickle. I called at the door for a drink of water and to inquire the distance to Wau- 
 pun. He sat playing on his flute, reminding one of the Arkansas traveler. I was told it was 
 five miles to Waupun. 
 
 " The next cabin I passed was occupied by a man known as Bach Davis, standing near 
 where Mr. Bancroft's residence now is. As I came near where the prison now stands there was 
 a cultivated field on either hand which extended down to where Main street now is. As I came 
 down Prison street, I caught sight of a log house on the south bank of the river, which I found 
 to be a hotel kept by Mr. Wilcox, where the hungry were fed, where the weary found rest and 
 where strangers were taken in. 
 
 "Most of what is now the village of Waupun was not as yet broken by the plow of the 
 husbandman. Mr. William McElroy was living in a small house, on the site where Mr. C. J. 
 Bush now resides. Mr. Collins still lived a little farther west, and Col. Lyman Town lived 
 near by. Esq. Ackerman and Esq. Hinkley were then both residing on the Walker place oppo- 
 site and a little farther west from where Mr. Stanton's elevator now stands. These, together 
 with old Elder Smith and a son-in-law by the name of Hooker, constituted the entire popula- 
 tion of what is now the village of Waupun. There were but five families in the town of Wau- 
 pun. A man by the name of White was living on the farm now owned by Mr. Atwood, near 
 Willow Creek. Mr. L. P. Preston then resided where Mr. Gee's house now stands, opposite 
 the old slaughter-house, while Mr. Hawley then owned the farm now owned by Mr. Merriam. 
 Jedediah Amadon had built his cabin on the land now owned by Mr. Ichabod Franklin. A 
 Mr. Gould had built a house on the Corrigan place. The next house on the Fond du Lac road 
 was about three miles beyond the east branch of Rock River, or about eight miles from this 
 place. 
 
 " In the town of Chester, Mr. N. J. Newton then owned the farm that now belongs to his 
 heirs, and Mr. Lyman Barrows then lived on the Sumner farm, and there were a few more set- 
 tlers in that town. With these few exceptions, Waupun and the most of Chester presented to 
 the eye an unbroken scene of timber, prairie, openings and meadow lands, which could be bought 
 for $1.25 per acre. 
 
 "The nearest physician was at Fox Lake on the west and Fond du Lac on the east. 
 There was no lawyer to stir up strife and litigation between neighbors. We had but one min- 
 ister, and he was good, for he taught the people to do as they should. The United States mail 
 was then carried on horseback from Fond du Lac to Portage and back once a week, by Mr. 
 Wilcox. His boy would go to Fond du Lac and get it on Tuesday and back home ; then take it 
 to Portage Wednesday and back Thursday, then take it to Fond du Lac Friday ; and if we got 
 a letter from friends in the East, it would take from ten to fifteen days, and would cost 25 cents, 
 which was no small sum at that time. Esq. Hinkley was then Postmaster. 
 
 " Having given you a sketch of the early white settlement, let us turn for a few moments 
 to the aborigines. It was no uncommon sight to see a band of Indians with their squaws, 
 papooses and ponies traveling through the country, or to see their wigwams at their favorite camp- 
 ing grounds, or to hear the tinkle of the bells on their ponies on a still night. On a beautiful 
 elevation on the west side of the east branch of Rock River, about sixty rods north from where 
 Mr. Zoelloner's mill now stands, was the remains of an old French trading-post, known as Scalp 
 Village. A fine spring of pure water issued from the bank and flowed into the river, but is now 
 submerged by the mill-pond. A deep, worn path led from the village to the spring. The 
 ground for some distance around the village was literally covered with bones of deer and other 
 game that had been slain to provide food for the red man. Still further back from the river. 
 
702 HISTOKY OF FOND DU J.AC COUNTY. 
 
 scattered here and there among the rolling burr-oak openings, were a number of Indian graves, 
 each being protected by a miniature log house, or what more resembled the second floor of a 
 pioneer cabin, covered with shakes as the pioneer covers his, the top being about three feet high. 
 But tiie plow and the ax of the white man have swept them all away, and naught is left to mark 
 the spot where the red man sleeps his last sleep. About half a mile west from this village, was 
 the Indian planting-ground, or cornfields, on lands owned by Mr. Dean and Mr. Hillebert. And 
 about three-quarters of a mile southwest, on the lands now owned by Mr. Oleson, was the Indian 
 sugar-bush, or sugar-camp, and from the scars the trees bore, it had evidently been used as such 
 for many a year. From this village an Indian trail ran up the river, crossing at the place where 
 the Fond du Lac road crosses, thence to Fond du Lac. The trails were the Indian roads lead- 
 ing from one trading-post to another, or from one favorite camping-ground to another, and were 
 often worn four or six inches deep. The second trail ran in a northwesterly direction, crossing 
 the river on the rapids above the place known as the Sheldon deep hole, and thence through the 
 grove and near the large oak (that one of our village lawyers in his early practice addressed with 
 great force of eloquence as an imaginary Judge), thence through this village to Fox Lake. 
 The fourth led in a northwesterly direction, near Mr. George Wells' residence, to Green Lake. 
 Near this trail, on lands owned by Mr. Carpenter, on the south bank of what was then a small 
 stream or brook, lay scattered here and there among the tall grass a number of human skele- 
 tons ; who they were, or by what means they came to their death, is not known. Probably they 
 fell in battle." 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 St. Joseph's Romnn CathoUc Church. — The Catholics of Waupun were first attended, as 
 a mission, by Rev. James Roch, from Fox Lake, 1850 to 1853. Then by Rev. R. Dumphy, from 
 Fox Lake, to 1855. Next by Rev. J. Ilaly, from Fox Lake, to 1856. Afterward by Rev. 
 Louis Daily, from Fond du Lac, to 1858 ; followed by Rev. J. Morris, who built the present 
 church in 18G2, and attended it as a mission from Fox Lake, to 1863. Next attended as a 
 mission by Rev. J. Smitli, from Fox Lake, to 1865. Then attended as a mission by Rev. W. 
 Doherty. from Fox Lake, to 1867. Next came Rev. G. T. Willard, first resident Pastor. 
 Father Willard remained uncil 1869 ; added twenty feet to the old church. Then came, as resident 
 Pastor, Rev. M. Ilanna, who left November, 1870. The present Pastor, Rev. J. Smith, has 
 resided here for the last nine years, and built the tower and steeple, making the church 80x30. 
 Father Smith has presented the church with a bell weighing 1,350 pounds. It is now 
 a very nice, convenient church, with a fine pastoral residence, has two lots nicely ornamented 
 with trees and slirubbery, and all paid for. Rev. Joseph Smith, Pastor, is also Catholic 
 Chaplain to the State Penitentiary for the last nine years. The Church numbers fifty-three 
 families. 
 
 First Congregational Church. — In July, 1845, a Church of ten members was organized 
 in Waupun, by Rev. Stephen Peet. Of this Church Joel Norton was chosen Deacon, and 
 Barnabas Ilinkley, Clerk. 
 
 In September following its organization, the services of Rev. E. S. Peck were secured on 
 alternate Sabbaths for one year. Services were held in the schoolhouse. 
 
 It would naturally be expected that those who differ only in their answer to the question 
 whether one is more etfectually rendered " clean every whit," by the symbolical application of 
 water to the whole surface of the body than to a part, while agreeing in their views of church 
 government, and on all doctrinal points, as perfectly as do the Baptists and Congregationalists, 
 would co-opcrato in efforts to advance a common cause ; and we accordingly find these two 
 branches so drawn together that tiie bonds uniting Baptist and Congregationalist almost equal 
 in strength those binding Baptist to Baptist. At times, Congregationalists have joined with 
 Baptists in sustaining a Baptist preacher, and sometimes the reverse. 
 
 After the termination of Mr. Peck's labors, the services of Rev. Mr. Murphy, a Baptist 
 clergyman, were secured. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 705 
 
 In 1850, the Congregational society took measures to secure the erection of a house of 
 •worship. A house costing about $1,000 was accordingly built, to which an addition has since 
 been made, not increasing the perfection of its architectural proportions, but increasing its 
 capacity and affording a place of meeting which to those who meet seems homelike. 
 
 The pulpit has been occupied for periods of five years or more each by Revs. Mr. Ashman, 
 Mr. Williams and Mr. Darling. The services also of Revs. Mr. Bradford (two years). Mr. Blake 
 (one year), Mr. Benson (two years), and specially of Mr. Marble (two years), will not soon be 
 forgotten. 
 
 Believing that " prevention is better than cure ;" that it is better to keep out of the ditch 
 than to wash off its filth ; to start the young in a virtuous course of life, than to reclaim them 
 from a vicious course when fallen, the Congregational Church has given prominence to its 
 Sabbath school. And although other organizations may, perhaps justly, boast of surpassing it 
 in efforts to relieve distress, it is not admitted that it has been surpassed in efforts to prevent dis- 
 tress. The successive Superintendents of the school have been C. C. Bayley, Josiah Drum- 
 mond. L. B. Hills, Abijah Hubbard, Edwin Judd, Martin Short, Edwin Hillyer and John Bryce. 
 
 The number connected with the school at present is about one hundred and twenty-five, 
 not differing very much from the number of members of the Church. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. — As Methodism has always been progressive in its nature, 
 and always among the first to plant the standard of Gospel liberty in new countries, there has 
 been no exception to this rule in Waupun, but, to give its history, we must go back to the first settle- 
 ment of the country, and trace its working, along down to the present time. 
 
 As early as the year 1844, a class was foi'med in what was then called the Upper Town, 
 consisting of the family of the Rev. Silas Miller, Eunice Miller, Henry L. Hillyar, Malvina 
 Hillyar, Ezekiel T. Miller and Weston G. Miller (now Dr. Miller), six persons in all. The Doctor 
 says this band consisted of three officers and three pi'ivates ; his father was the local preacher, 
 his brother the class-leader, and he the exhorter ; his mother, sister and sister's husband were the 
 members. 
 
 During the same year, the Rev. Samuel Smith, an aged local preacher, and father of the 
 Rev. Charles Smith, settled with his family in Waupun, and held religious services in private 
 dwellings, whenever convenient. Father Smith and fiimily soon identified themselves with the 
 little class, and became efficient laborers in the Lord's vineyard. At the same time, the class 
 was made stro;iger by the addition of Dr. Brooks Bowman and wife. Others were added during 
 the year, including S. J. Mattoon and Mr. and Mrs. S. A. L. Davis, Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Sex- 
 niith, and Mrs. t'. F. Davis, the class now numbering twenty-two members. A building had 
 been erected by the contributions of the people in the village and the country adjacent, for the 
 purpose of a chapel and a schoolhouse, in which regular services were held, botli morning and 
 evening, and the Lord poured out His Spirit upon the people abundantly. The eldest daugh- 
 ter of Dr. Bowman, as the fii'st trophy of grace, was converted. Other conversions followed, 
 and in a short time the number increased to twenty ; among them were W. G. McElroy and 
 wife, and several others who became leading and influential members of the Church in Waupun, 
 many of whom have gone home to reap their reward in heaven ; but the Master has not left 
 himself without others to take their places. 
 
 Thus the work went on for some years, growing in interest, as might have been expected 
 under the able administration of such ministers as the Rev. J. S. Prescott, Rev. S. B. Tharp, 
 Rev. William H. Thompson and Rev. William Shraff, until it became evident that schoolhouses 
 and private dwellings would no longer accommodate the people. 
 
 During the winter of 1854, it was decided to build a church. A site was secured, the 
 material was provided, and during the next summer, under the administration of the Rev. 
 James Lawson, a building was erected and dedicated to the service of God. A revival soon fol- 
 lowed, and the interest increased so that, in a short time, it was found necessary to add a num- 
 ber of feet to the length of the building ; in addition to the audience-room, it is furnished with 
 two large classrooms. 
 
706 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COU^'TY. 
 
 In the year 1858, a parsonage was erected on the lot, within a few feet of the church, and 
 is now furnished with a number of articles that are needed to make a minister and his family com- 
 fortable. 
 
 In 1877, the Annual Conference was held in this church, presided over by Bishop Peck. 
 Its pulpit has always been supplied by some of the ablest talent in the Conference, such as the 
 Rev. James Lawson, Rev. S. L. Brown, Rev. J. C. Robbins, Rev. Nelson Green, Rev. S. W. 
 Ford, Rev. J. M. Walker, Rev. Wesley Lattin, Rev. D. W. Couch, Rev. E. S. Grumley, Rev. 
 J. T. Woodhead, Rev. J. H. Jenne, Rev. E. D. Farnham and Rev. A. P. Mead, tlie present 
 able and efficient Pastor, who is laboring earnestly for the glory of the Master and the salvation 
 of souls. The Church is out of debt, and peace and harmony reigns within. 
 
 Episcopal Church. — Previous to the year 1867, there were no regular services of the 
 Episcopal Church in Waupun, although the Rev. W. C. Armstrong, the Rector of Grace 
 Church at Oakfield. paid several visits, and encouraged the few faithful members to keep 
 together in faith and hope. In the year 1867, the Church was organized, under the name of 
 Trinity Mission, and the Rev. C Thorp, Deacon, commenced regular services on September 1. 
 The first lay officers appointed by the Bishop, were Sam. Chamberlin, Warden ; J. W. 
 Seeley, Treasurer; G. E. Jennings, Clerk. The year 1871 saw the resignation of the Rev. 
 C. Thorp, and the appointment of the Rev. Robert B. Wolseley, on the 23d of June. Up to 
 this time, the services were held in the Disciples' Church, and in halls rented for that purpose; 
 but the faithful ones rallied under the active administration of their new missionary, and, on 
 September 11, 1871, the Bishop laid the corner-stone of Trinity Church. One year from 
 that date, the Rev. R. B. Wolseley accepted a call to a parish in' Tennessee, when the congre- 
 gation nominated and the Bishop of the Diocese appointed the Rev. William E. Wright, Rector 
 of Trinity, Berlin, Missionary in charge. At the date of writing, the Rev. Mr. Wright is still 
 at the post, ably assisted by the following lay officers: Sam. Chamberlin, Senior Warden; 
 A. F. Morse, Junior Warden; R. W. Wells, Treasurer; D. A. Lowber, Clerk. The Church 
 numbered about eleven communicants in 1867, and, while losing by death and removal very 
 many, has now, in 1880, upward of eighty. One hundred and seventy-six souls have been 
 baptized; ninety -seven received the Apostolic rite of Confirmation; twenty-five couples have 
 been united in the holy bonds of matrimony, and forty persons have been committed to the 
 earth by the Ministers of the Church since its inception. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Waupiui. — This Church was organized September 16, 1845, 
 with a membership of eleven persons. The first business meeting was held February 14, 1846, 
 when Rev. J. Murphy was engaged as Pastor. In 1879, active measures were taken for obtain- 
 ing the means to build a house of worship. A lot was secured on Main street, and $700 were 
 subscribed. A. K. Starkweather and N. B. Cleveland were elected Deacons of the Church. 
 On the 1st of May, 1879, Rev. W. Look was called to the pastorate, with a salary of .$'250. 
 In the winter of 1851, as the result of revival efforts, thirty-five persons were added to the 
 Church. In the spring of 1853, Rev. G. W. Freeman accepted a call to the pastorate. In 
 May, of this year, the house was dedicated, it being the first church edifice erected in Waupun. 
 Mr. Freeman's successor was Rev. John Williams, a man of sterling worth, who served the 
 Church, as Pastor, for three years. In 1 862, Rev. W. W. Ames, the Chaplain at the State 
 Prison, accepted the pastorate of the Church, in connection with his chaplaincy — remaining for 
 two years. His successor was Rev. H. S. Fish, who remained two years. Rev. J. 0. M. 
 Hewitt served the Church in a pastorate of four years. During this time long-needed improve- 
 ments were made in the Church property, in which generous assistance was received from the 
 citizens of the place. Rev. A. Whitman was the next Pastor, who also remained four years. 
 Mrs. Whitman was an efficient helper to her husband in his psstoral labors, and a worker in 
 every good cause. During Mr. Whitman's pastorate, the Church suffered an irreparable loss 
 in the death of Deacon Starkweather, a man who possessed the esteem and confidence of the 
 community in an unusual degree, adorning his Christian profession by a godly life and a well- 
 ordered conversation. Rev. G. W. Lincoln remained with the Church less than two years, and 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DV ].AC COUNTY. 707 
 
 was immediately followed by Rev. Victor Kutchin, the present Pastor. Mr. Kutchin has the 
 esteem and confidence of the Churcli and community. His pastorate has been marked in an 
 unusual degree by peace and harmony. He has lately received the appointment of Chaplain of 
 the State Prison; but he will still continue to serve the Church, as their Pastor. The present 
 membership of the Church is one hundred. Value of church property, $5,000. 
 
 Disciple Church. — One of the first religious societies to obtain an organization in the 
 growing village was the Christian or Disciple society, which was established in 1848. Its first 
 Elder was Noah Wirt, whose untiring zeal and religious fervor was at first its chief support. It 
 was not until 1863 that the society was sufficiently numerous or wealthy to attempt the build- 
 ing of a house of worship. In that year, a commodious and substantial church building was 
 erected, the society, at that time, numbering about ninety members, which has since been 
 reduced, by various causes, to a membership of about forty. The society is entirely free from 
 debt. 
 
 Free- Will Baptist Church. — The Free- Will Baptists had a church organization in Waupun 
 as early as 1852, and erected their present building alout the year 1^55, in " Upper Town," on 
 the Fond du Lac County side. Its cost was about $5,000. In 1868, the structure was moved 
 to its present site, corner of Prison and Madison streets, and a comfortable parsonage, near b}', 
 purchased. The first Pastor was Rev. Charles Smith, and the last. Rev. A. G. Brand. At 
 present, the society is without a permanent Pastor. 
 
 WAUPUN A QUARTER OF A CENTURY AGO. 
 
 "Our village," says a writer of 1857, "like other Western settlements, is made up of all 
 kinds of materials, and its society is exceedingly miscellaneous. We have the inquisitive 
 Yankee, pushing forward his new inventions ; the industrious Pennsylvanian, amassing wealth 
 by the aid of his iron sinews ; .the shrewd Irishman, digging out trenches and looking as cheer- 
 -ful as the blue smoke that curls up from his woodland cabin ; the deliberate Englishman, boast- 
 ing the superiority of his country and its laws ; the canny Scotchman, making his few acres 
 blossom like the rose ; and the ruddy-looking German, singing his songs of ' Faderland ' and 
 hoarding up every little 'shiner' that gets between his fingers. Each has brought along with 
 him his early habits and associations ; his own views of business, laws and religion ; and, as a 
 natural consequence, when brought together on public questions, they are apt to boil up like a 
 mixture of salt and soda. 
 
 " There are, in Waupun, no church steeples with bells in, that tolled our great-grandfathers 
 to the tomb ; no long lines of graves, in which are buried the virtues of those ancestors only 
 known from tradition ; there is no gray-headed Pastor, rising up like a sacred statue in the 
 memory ; no aged deacon, with his head resting on the side of the pew and enjoying a brief 
 sleep as he listens to the sermon ; no old sexton, limping away to the burying-ground with 
 his spade upon his shoulder for the purpose of making an unceremonious rattle among the dry 
 bones. No ; Waupun has scarcely any past upon which the historian can dwell. Nature's 
 mighty cathedral still stands, with its lofty dome of sun, moon and stars ; but its oaken pillars 
 are overgrown with the moss of centuries. The great High Priests that worshiped at the altars 
 and burnt incense to the Great Spirit — where ai-e they? The temple still stands, but the wor- 
 shipers are gone. Here and there, we meet with melancholy fragments of some tribe that has 
 wandered back from its place of exile ; but the mass are buried in yonder mounds, with their 
 weapons of war, crumbling to dust, and their history has died with them. 
 
 " Waupun is the center of new associations. It borrows no propelling power from vener- 
 ated antiquarianism, since the spot where it stands was but yesterday wrapt in solitary grandeur. 
 Some Western settlements are filled up with bankrupts who have fled from Eastern creditors, 
 anxious only to obtain peace of mind and bread enough to eat : they are decayed and tempest- 
 tossed vessels, stripped of spars and rigging. Waupun, however, may claim a large exemption 
 from these. Its first settlers were iron-souled and true-hearted men. They came to the banks 
 of the west branch of Rock River determined to cut their way through the wilderness and make 
 
708 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUXTY. 
 
 unto themselves pleasant homes — and they succeeded. They had a mission, and they nobly per- 
 formed it. They did their work roughly, yet they did it for all time. There is a sort of romance 
 in their history that fascinates ; there is a kind of rustic simplicity connected with them that is 
 truly poetic. Behind them were the homes they had left, the waterfalls that danced to their 
 childish music, and the hills that echoed back their playful shouts. Before them was the wilder- 
 ness, dark and gloomy, standing in all its solemnity. 
 
 " Look at the little village now," continues the writer, " and see what a contrast it presents. 
 It is set off with beautiful dwellings, cultivated gardens and shaded streets. True to the pro- 
 gressive spirit of the age, its people have devoted tliemselves to the decoration of their homes. 
 There are five dry-grods stores, fifteen grocery stores, three clothing stores, four hotels, three 
 drug stores, five physicians, two lawyers, two hardware and tinning establishments, two grist- 
 mills, one planing-mill. one pump-factory, two printing houses, three wagon-shops, several lum- 
 ber merchants, cabinet-makers, stonemasons and painters. There are two banks — the Waupun 
 and Exchange — two schoolhouses and four churches. A few years ago, produce had to be drawn 
 to Milwaukee, a distance of seventy-five miles, and disposed of for a trifle as compared with 
 present prices. Now the Milwaukee & Horicon Railroad runs through the village. It is already 
 completed to Berlin, a distance of forty-two miles, where it connects with the navigation of the 
 Fox and Wolf Rivers. It is soon to extend to Stevens Point, on the Wisconsin. It was opened 
 to Waupun on the 15th of February, 1856, to Brandon on the loth of October, and to Ripon 
 November 16 of the same year. 
 
 " Up to the 1st of January, 1857, the passengers going east were over 13,000 ; going west, 
 over 14,000. The freight east was over Il.OOO tons ; west, over 14,000 tons. There is in 
 Waupun a depot building, a water- station and a turn-table. The wheat shipped from Waupun 
 from February 18, 1856, to January 1, 1857, was 275,692 bushels." 
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 I. 0. of G. T. — The first Lodge of this Order in Waupun, was instituted September 25, 
 1858, and was named Waupun Lodge. The first meeting was held at the residence of William 
 Euen, and was calkd to order by G. W. C. T. Dr. T. J. Patchen, of Fond du Lac. Mr. P. B. 
 Moore, of Brandon Lodge, No. 81, was chosen Recording Secretary pro tem. The following 
 charter members were then instructed in the work of the Order : William Euen, Mrs. C. M. 
 Euen, Miss M. A. Baldwin, Mr. J. H. Barker, Mr. C. H. Whitney. Mr. G. G. B. McGraw. 
 Mr. E. Y. Ridout, Mr. S. Grifiith, Rev. R. W. Bryant, William Ware and Eli Hooker. 
 
 The Lodge then proceeded to the election of the following officers for the quarter ending 
 October 31, 1858: W. C. T., William Euen; W. V. T., Caroline M. Euen; W. K. S., Charles 
 H. Whitney ; Assistant W. R. S., Susan Moore ; W. F. S., John H. Barker ; W. Treas., Melissa 
 A. Baldwin ; W. Marshal, Byron McGraw ; Dept. Marshal, Edith Bunce ; W. I. G., Ezra T. 
 Ridout : W. 0. G., Seth Griffith; W. Chap., Rev. R. W. Bryant; R. H. S., Mary A. Jarvis ; 
 L. H. S. Ellen M. Grandy ; P. W. C. T.. B. B. Baldwin. 
 
 After the.eleetion of officers, the Lodge adjourned to meet Monday evening, September 27, at 
 the Odd Fellows' Hall, Main street, just west from the railroad. November 1, the name of the 
 Lodge was changed to Prison City, No. 96. February 1, 1859, some difficulty having occurred, 
 a portion of the membership withdrew, and with the consent of the Lodge, formed a new one, 
 Welcome Lodge, No. 112. During the following summer, both Lodges were very prosperous, 
 working harmoniously together. The membership of the two societies was about three hundred. 
 Prison City having a majority. 
 
 April 23, 1860, Prison City moved into a hall, owned by Plielps Moore, on Fond du Lac 
 street, just north from Main. It continued to flourish until the breaking-out of the rebellion, 
 April, 1861, when quite a number of the members enlisted in defense of their country. At 
 first, all other interests seemed absorbed in the peril that threatened the nation, and the Lodge 
 suff"ered in consequence. During the war, thirty, at least, of its members entered the army, and 
 several enlisted from Welcome Lodge. Some o: these soldiers returned to take their places in 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 709 
 
 the LoJge — some came home sick and maimed, while others were killed in battle or died in 
 Southern prisons — but whatever tlieir fate, their memories are cherished as brave defenders of 
 the " old flag." 
 
 April 23, 1862, Prison City again occupied Odd Fellows' Hall. Somewhere between 
 April and November of this year. Welcome Lodge surrendered its charter. May 13, 1863, 
 Prison City moved into a hall on Main street, in the Amadon Block, now owned by J. W. Seely. 
 On the following Fourth of July, the members were assigned a place in the procession which 
 celebrated the day, and marched to " Sumner's Grove," making quite a creditable display. At 
 the conclusion of the exercises in the grove, the Good Templars held a picnic, in which many of 
 their outside friends participated. 
 
 October 5, 1864, the Lodges in the State having been re-numbered, the number of Prison 
 City was changed to 21, which it still retains. 
 
 Sometime between September 1 and November 1, 1865, the Lodge moved into what was 
 then known as Dodge's Hall, over the insurance office of Edwin Hillyer ; the lower part of the 
 building was then occupied as a dry-goods store by L. B. Dodge — now occupied by Silber 
 Brothers. The name of the hall was changed to Temperance Hall. It was occupied until 
 March 12, 1878, when the Lodge rented a hall in Rank's Block, Main street. November 11, 1879, 
 the Lodge negotiated with John S. Gee for the purchase of the old hall on Fond du Lac street, 
 occupied by it from .April 23, 1860, till April 23, 1862, and where it remains at this date, 
 January 9, 1880. The hall has been considerably renovated, and tastily fitted up, and it is 
 expected that still further improvements will be made during the year. The Lodge now 
 numbers about ninety, and is in good working order. Its officers, at present, are : Lodge Deputy, 
 Rufus H. Oliver: W. C. T., William T. King ; W. V. T., Nellie A. Blodgett ; W. R. S. and Treas., 
 M. Em. Rounseville ; Assistant Sec, Merton R. Wilber; W. F. S., Lawson J. Tompkins; W. 
 Chap., Mary H. Heath ; VV. Marshal, Herbert F. Gillman ; Dept. Marshal, Alvira Cornell ; W. 
 I. G., Stena Otten ; W. 0. G., Luman J. Pryor; R. H. S., Ada M. Thompson ; L. H. S., 
 Florence Sheldon ; P. W. C. T., Lewis J. Althouse. 
 
 Prison City Lodge, like all kindred societies, has had its successes and its reverses. It 
 would be neai'ly impossible to estimate the number who have been connected with it during its 
 existence — suffice it to say, that comparatively few of the inhabitants of Waupun have not, at 
 one time or another, been numbered among its membership. Its record will compare favorably 
 with that of its sister societies ; the Grand Secretary considers it one of the best in Wisconsin. 
 It is proud of its career, proud of its military history, and proud of the numbers it has educated 
 and sent out to labor in the "harvest fields of temperance," and it proposes to exist and to work, 
 as long as there is a call for its existence and a demand for its services. 
 
 Advance Temple of Honor, No. 21. — This secret temperance society was organized Octo- 
 ber 9. 1875, with the following charter members: James McElroy, R. H. Oliver, S. W. Keyes, 
 P. M. Pryor, G. B. Durand, 0. D. Hudson, N. Raymond, J. S. Gee, S. J. Morse, E. H. Drew and 
 P.'H. Kelley. The first officers were : E. H. Di-ew, W. C. T.; G. B. Durand, W. V. T.; R. H. 
 Oliver, W. R.; 0. D. Hudson, W. F. R.; James McElroy, Treasurer ; S. J. Morse, W. M.: P. H. 
 Kelley, W. D. U.; J. S. Gee, Guardian ; N. Raymond, Sentinel ; S. W. Keyes, P. W. C. T. 
 
 In June, 1876, occurred one of the greatest temperance revivals ever known in Waupun or 
 vicinity, during which 100 members were admitted to the Temple in the week beginning June 
 16. In the following July, the Lodge reached the height of its strength in point of numbers, 
 containing at that time 275 members in good standing. The present officers are : J. S. Gee, 
 W. C. T.; L. C. Owen, W. V. T.; R. H. Oliver, W. R.; W. T. King, W. F. R.; 0. F. Stoppen- 
 bach, P. W. C. T. 
 
 A. 0. U. W. — The Order of the Ancient Order of United Workmen is purely benevolent. 
 It was brought into existence to promote mutual benefit to its members in sickness or trouble, 
 as an insurance to their heirs after death. Each member is assessed $1 at the death of any 
 member within the jurisdiction. The Lodge at Waupun was instituted February 3, 1879, and 
 consisted of the following charter members, who were also the first officers : W. W. Houghton, 
 
710 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 P. M. W.; H. W. Frost, M. W.; F. F. Zimmerman, G. F.; Christian Johnson, 0.; J. C. Wilms, 
 G.; Chas. H. Lindsley, Recorder ; William E. Warren, Receiver; H. Johnson, I. W.; F. S. 
 Keech, 0. W.; Frank C. Hill, Medical Examiner 
 
 The present officers are: H. W. Frost and W. W. Houghton, P. M. W.; J. C. Wilms, xM. 
 W.; R.L.Oliver, Recorder; C. Johnson, G. F.; John Fieldstad, Overseer ; Herman Hanisch, 
 Guide ; Richard GofF, Financier; J. R. Viall, Receiver; August Pobuns, I. W.; W. C. Peterson, 
 0. W. The Lodge meets every Monday evening, at Odd Fellows' Hall. W. W. Houghton was 
 Representative to the Grand Lodge for 1879, and H. W. Frost for 1880. The present Medical 
 Examiner is Dr. J. N. O'Brien. The Lodge now has twenty-three members. 
 
 TeJulah Lodgi>, No. 3S, I. 0. 0. F. — -This Lodge was instituted at Waupun by Deputy 
 Grand Master Lowther, December 25, 1848, with the following named persons as charter mem- 
 bers: Isaac Valentine, L. B. Hills, George Howe, W. S. Post and J. Dickenson. It occupied 
 rented rooms until 1852, when a joint-stock company was formed among the members, and an 
 Odd Fellows' Hall was built, at a cost of about $600, which the Lodge continued to occupy for 
 Lodge purposes until 1871, when the old hall was disposed of and a new one was erected as a 
 permanent home for the Order in the city of Waupun. The property is valued at $5,000. The 
 Lodge is and has been in a prosperous condition. 
 
 Waupun Lodge, No. 4-8, A. F. tf" A. M. — At some time during the last end of the year 
 1852, D. L. D. Fluntington, L. B. Dodge, Milo Sikes, Andrews Burnham, Sr., Jeremiah Look, 
 George T. Wood, C. B. Carrington, Joseph Bardwell and Chaides Spoor conceived the idea of 
 instituting a Masonic Lodge at Waupun, and for that purpose petitioned the Grand Master 
 of the State for dispensation. On the 20th day of April, 1853, Hon. H. L. Palmer, then Grand 
 Master, granted the petition, appointing D. L. D. Huntington to be the first Master, L. B. 
 Dodge the first Senior Warden and Milo Sikes the first Junior Warden. August 12, 1853, the 
 Lodge was organized under dispensation with the above named brethren as Master and Wardens. 
 June 20, 1854, the Grand Lodge granted a charter for a Masonic Lodge, to be located at Waupun, 
 to be known as Waupun Lodge, No. 48, appointing C. B. Carrington Master, .Joseph Bardwell 
 Senior Warden, and L. B. Dodge Junior Warden. The charter so granted was signed by 
 Henry W. Billings, Deputy Grand Master, attested by William R. Smith, Grand Secretary, 
 under the seal of the Grand Lodge. The first election for all of the elective officers of the 
 Lodge was held June 1, 1855, when C. B. Carrington was elected Master. Since which time 
 the following named brethren have been elected and served as Masters : Cromwell Laithe, 
 William E. Howard, Ira Hill, Robert Cosgrove, W. H. Taylor, C. W. Henning. M. C. Short, 
 S. J. Sumner, G. W. Stanton, C. S. Gillman, John J. Roberts and F. S. Keech. The Lodge 
 now has an active membership of ninety-two. She has been and now is free from debt. 
 
 WAUPUN PIONEERS. 
 [from .tames mcklroy's address before the old settlers of waupun and vicisitt, .iune 11, 1879.] 
 
 " Many of the old pioneers and our former associates are gone from our circle, some to 
 other fields of toil, and others, whose prospects were as bright for a long and happy life as any 
 of us now living, have received their discharge ; their work is done ; they have been called from 
 labor to rest ; and if, while mingling with the busy crowd, we sometimes remember them, let it 
 be with kindness. We see many of the old veterans still with us, whose whitened locks and 
 wrinkled brows tell us that their little bark has been tossed on the billows of life's ocean for 
 many long years ; and that they were ever at their posts, fearless of the cold of winter or the 
 heat of summer, needs no other proof. These are some of the men who left their Eastern homes 
 to assume a life of toil and danger incident to settling in a new country, so that they might pro- 
 vide for themselves and their children homes of independence and freedom, and, though some- 
 times meeting with trials and disappointments, yet most nobly have they done their work, and 
 why ? Because they were men of strong minds and determined wills to accomplish, as far as 
 possible, whatever they undertook to do. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 711 
 
 " They were not of that stripe of men who hang around the corners all day whittling dry- 
 goods boxes and never have courage enough to get away from the end of their mother's apron 
 strings ; but men and women who pitched their nightly tents on the broad prairie or under the 
 spreading oaks, night after night, until they found a resting-place in Waupun and the country 
 around it, where they have labored to build up and improve the place of tlieir choice and make 
 it what it is to-day, the pride of its people ; men who have stood by it in clouds and sunshine 
 watching with interest its slow but sure growth, ever firm in the belief that there was before it a 
 bright prospect of future usefulness and prosperity." 
 
 MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 The Waupun Pump and Windmill Works. — Like many another institution, the Waupun 
 Pump and Windmill Works had their origin in the day of small things. In 1852, when Dodge 
 and Fond du Lac Counties were only thinly settled with new-comers, Milo J. Althouse, then a 
 young man just starting to make his way in the world, with no resources but his own hands and 
 his energetic will, made his first essay in the pump manufacture — a single pump planed, 
 bored, fitted with handle, spout and bucket, and finished by his own hands, and by his own 
 hands then set in a well. Returning from this completed job, he commenced another, to be 
 finished and carried to the customer before a third was entered upon. By these slow steps was 
 first put in motion a business which has since reached across the continent, finding its principal 
 market in a dozen States. Endeavoring always to make his work excel, Mr. Althouse soon 
 found his business and his reputation so growing as to warrant the opening of a shop and the 
 purchase of improved tools. In 1859, he left the little shop, on a farm where he had worked 
 alone, and opened a shop in the village of Waupun. From working by hand he advanced to 
 horse-power for running the augers, and gradually augmented the force as the demand for his 
 work increased. In 1861, Mr. Althouse introduced steam-power, and again enlarged his shop 
 to meet the growing business. He still carefully maintained the quality of his work, and his 
 stamp was a synonym for the best on all work in his line. Every stick of timber used was care- 
 fully inspected, and every piece of leather for packing was selected from the best part of first 
 quality sides, all else being rejected and sold for scraps. The same careful selection of material 
 has been continued throughout. 
 
 In those days, the wind sweeping overhead was undreamed of as a motive power, or at 
 least not dreamed of in any practical way as a power applicable to the ordinary work of a farmer ; 
 but. about 1860, the first windmills, with partially self-regulating devices, were introduced in the 
 Northwest. Their progress was slow for years ; the devices themselves were imperfect. Those 
 who now find such a machine a necessity were not then educated to the knowledge of the benefits 
 to be derived from its use ; and the large stock and dairy interests of Wisconsin, which now 
 more than ever before make this machine necessary, were then comparatively in infancy. But, 
 ten years ago, Mr. Althouse foresaw the growing future of this power, and its intimate connec- 
 tion with the pump business, and made arrangements for manufacturing one of the best wind- 
 mills then invented. In 1873, Messrs. George and Albert Raymond having their attention 
 called to the matter, commenced experimenting with wind-engines, and, in February, 1874, in 
 connection with Mr. Althouse, patented the Althouse & Raymond Windmill, which, with some 
 later modifications, is now known through Wisconsin and the Northwest as the " Althouse Vaneless 
 Windmill," and enjoys the reputation of being the most perfect self-regulating wind-engine yet 
 invented. In the following spring, Hon. George F. Wheeler and L. D. Hinkley became asso- 
 ciated with Mr. Althouse, under the firm name of Althouse, Wheeler & Co. Since that time, 
 the business has been carried on by the firm, and their trade has extended from Mnssachusetts 
 to California, and from Canada to Florida and Texas, within the Union, and still further on the 
 west, has reached the Australian fields, and, in the Far East, the winds which ripple the old 
 Euphrates propel the sails of their engines. 
 
 Nearly sixty thousand pumps, made in this establishment, are in use in the Northwest ; and 
 nearly three thousand wind-engines bearing their stamp are pumping, churning and grinding. 
 
712 HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The pumps made are mostly wooden pumps, of all sizes, from a cistern pump of two inches bore 
 to a mammoth of six inches. The special feature of these pumps, introduced by Mr. Althouse, 
 and distinguishing them from the old wooden pumps, is the making of a detachable hard-maple 
 cylinder in which the bucket works. This simple improvement adds immensely to the dura- 
 bility and ease of working of the pump. Of course, thegi'eaterpart of the windmills made are of the 
 smaller sizes, the most common size for farm use being the ten-foot wlieel. They manufacture 
 pumping windmills of eight feet, ten feet, twelve feet, fourteen feet, si.xteen feet and twenty-five 
 feet in diameter, and also make geared mills for driving machinery. These are mostly 
 made in sizes of sixteen feet and. twenty-five feet. In prosperous times, the business of the 
 establishment has been $10,000 per month, with a pay-roll of $3,000 per month, distributed 
 among about fifty men. Like all other business, this has felt the depression of the last three 
 years, in reduced production and sales, and continues its work on a somewhat narrowed scale, 
 awaiting the " good time coming " which shall justify more active efforts. 
 
 This is one of the institutions which has contributed, in no small degree, to give 
 Waupun a steady and solid prosperity when other places have stagnated after premature expan- 
 sion. 
 
 31. K. DahYs Ploiv- Factory. — One of the oldest manufacturing establishments in Wau- 
 pun is Dahl's Plow-Factory, on the Dodge County side of Washington street. Upper Town. 
 The first building, now occupied by Mr. Dahl, was erected in 1S46 or 1847, by Bly &, Ely, and 
 had been occupied as a plow-factory since about 1850. Mr. Dahl manufactures plows, land 
 rollers, sulky plows, harrows, cultivators and other farming utensils, in which he has built up a 
 large business. 
 
 F. F. Zimmerman'' s Wagon Factory. — In 1865, Mr. Zimmerman began the business of 
 wagon making and repairing, on the Fond du Lac County side of Washington Street, in Upper 
 Town, in a building formerly occupied in the country as a schoolhouse. He manufactures 
 wagons, carriages and cutters, giving employment to from ten to sixteen men. He now has 
 three large buildings, and carries on an extensive and constantly increasing business. 
 
 Morse if' Morris Carriage Factory. — In 1876, 0. A. Morse, Jr., erected, ou the corner of 
 Franklin and Drummond streets, three commodious buildings for a carriage factory. In 1877, 
 Mr. Morris purcliased an interest in the factory, which gives employment to nine men in the 
 manufacture, exclusively, of carriages, phaetons, buggies and cutters. 
 
 Thomas Stoddarfs Organ Manufactory. — Thomas Stoddart brought his knowledge of 
 organ-building from Scotland, and about 1860, after retiring from the post office and other active 
 business, began the manufacture, in a shop near his residence on Prison street, of pipe and reed 
 organs. He lias patent " coupbos " and resonance boxes, as well as a patent bellows or air 
 pump, and makes all with his own hands the softest-toned instruments extant. He does not 
 manufacture "for the trade." but for musical people only. He has built over fifty instruments, 
 one of which is a "barrel organ," eight feet high. This is an organ which plays by machiner3^ 
 Mr. Stoddart is one of the only three men in America, who can make a "music barrel," which 
 will play the simplest or most difficult music. The one mentioned plays from Handel, John 
 Sebastian Bach and other distinguished composers. 
 
 Tlie Waupun Stone Milh. — The first ffouring-mill built in the vicinity of Waupun, was 
 erected in 1846, by Forest & Smith, at the foot of Mill street, on the Rock River, in the 
 North Ward of Waupun. The lumber for it was sawed the year previous, by the same parties 
 who had a saw-mill near by. In 1848, the mill burned, having caught fire from lumber spread 
 over the engine to dry. In the fall of the same year, the present stone mill was begun and 
 finished for business in the early spring of 1849. It is four stories in height, and equipped 
 with both water and steam power, and is the oldest mill in the vicinity. It has three runs of stones, 
 with a capacity -of one hundred barrels of flour per day. The mill is now owned by T. W. 
 Markle and W. W. Harris, Mr. Markle having owned an interest in it since 1857. 
 
 Clisby's Steam Mill. — In 1876, Lorenzo Clisby erected a large steam flouring-mill, near 
 the track of the C, M. k St. Paul Railway, on the Fond du Lac County side of Waupun. It 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. . 713 
 
 is equipped in modern style, with all the latest improved machinery. It has five runs of stones, 
 with a capacity of 125 barrels per day. It does both custom and job work. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 The Waupun Bank. — The first bank of issue, or real banking institution of any sort in 
 Waupun, was the Waupun Bank, wliicli opened for business in 1856, with L. B. Hills as Cash- 
 ier. Owing to hard times, it suspended in September, 1857, and its business passed into the 
 hands of its creditors. John N. Ackerraan was chosen President, and L. B. Hills, Cashier, and 
 the bank resumed operations again in November of the same year. It continued in business 
 until about January, 1859, when it suspended, never to be revived. On searching the safe after 
 the second suspension a pack of cards and two dollars in counterfeit money were found. There 
 were no losses to speak of occasioned by the failure of this bank. 
 
 The Corn Exchange Bank. — In 1857, William Ilobkirk was the means of securing a char- 
 ter, and starting the Corn Exchange Bank, in a stone building on the south side of Main street, 
 erected by him for that purpose. It was organized under the State law as a bank of issue. 
 Andrew Proudfit was President, and William Hobkirk, Cashier. When State Banks were 
 compelled to withdraw their circulation, by high taxes purposely imposed, the Corn Exchange 
 continued on in the general banking business. On the 6th of August, 1875, the bank having 
 been some time without any officer but a cashier, Mr. Hobkirk closed its doors and made a trip to 
 South America. The heaviest loser was Mrs. Margaret Drummond, who had about $60,000 
 intrusted to the bank. Several years after the failure Mr. Hobkirk returned and settled a portion 
 of the bank's indebtedness, but never opened it for business. 
 
 The Citizens' Bank. — After the failure of the Corn Exchange Bank, in 1875, the village 
 of Waupun had no bank until early in 1876 when Almon Atwood, of the town of Waupun, 
 started the Citizens' Bank in the old Corn Exchange building. Almon Atwood was President, 
 and A. Robinson, Cashier. The enterprise not proving satisfiictory to its projector, business 
 was discontinued, and the bank closed in February, 1877. 
 
 George Jess ^ Company's Bank. — In the summer of 1876, George Jess and David Met- 
 calf began the erection of the handsome two-story brick and stone block on the corner of Main 
 and Prison streets for a bank, and, in the fell, opened for business, under the name of George 
 Jess & Company, with a paid-up capital of $50,000. The firm has a commodious and well- 
 appointed office, and does a general banking business, such as buying and selling inland and for- 
 eign exchange, receiving demand deposits without interest, selling letters of credit and selling 
 ocean steamship passages. It is a private bank, having no charter. 
 
 WAUPUN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 In 1858, the following petition circulated in the village of Waupun : " We, the under- 
 signed, agree to pay the sum of $3 yearly, until we withdraw from the society, for the purpose 
 of establishing a Library Association in the village of Waupun, the same to be governed by 
 laws adopted by its members. Books shall be received for the first year's subscription, if said 
 books shall be approved by a committee to be chosen. Said subscriptions shall be paid as soon as 
 the society is organized." 
 
 This was signed by eighty persons, and on petition the following order was issued : 
 State of Wisconsin, ) 
 
 Village of Waupun, |" ' Whereas, an application has been made to me by five proprietors of the Waupun 
 Library Association, requesting one of their number to be authorized to call a meeting of the proprietors thereof, for 
 the purpose of making a permanent organization of said Association, as provided in Chapter 49 of the Revised 
 Statutes of said .State. It is therefore ordered that Edwin Hillyer be and is hereby authorized to call said meeting, 
 to be convened at Dodge's Hall, on the 16th of February, 1858, at 7 o'clock in the evening, and that he give due 
 notice of said meeting. ^ 
 
 Given under my hand this 8th day of February, 1858. .Jotin Ware, .Tmlice of the Peace. 
 
 At this called meeting, Edwin Hillyer was elected Chairman, and W. H. Taylor, Clerk. 
 L. B. Hills, John Ware, William Euen and J. H. Brinkerhofif were appointed a committee to 
 
714 HISTORY OF FOND DI" LAC COUNTY. 
 
 draft a Constitution. They performed the task, and tlie Constitution was adopted the same night. 
 The election for permanent officers resulted as follows : 
 
 President, H. L. Butterfield ; Treasurer, George W. Bly ; Collector, William Euen ; 
 Clerk and Librarian, Edwin Hillyer. Directors — C. S. Kneeland, David Ferguson, A. H. Rouns- 
 ville, George Wirt, Geo. Babcock, M. Leary and Charles Smith. Book Committee — L. B. Hills, 
 Jesse Hooker, R. W. Wells. John Ware. George E. Jennings. The latter committee began at once 
 to receive books from inembersand purchase others with the funds obtained for fees and dues. The 
 library was opened in Edwin Hillyer's office : and when he moved to Thomas Stoddart's stone block, 
 corner of Prison and Washington streets, the library was also moved there, where it has since 
 remained. During several years, Mr. Hillyer served as Librarian and gave the use of a large 
 room in his office free of charge. Latterly, a nominal rent has been paid, and the Librarian is 
 now paid $30 per annum for his services. The librarv contains nearly three thousand volumes 
 of choice books, which may be used by any person not a member of the Association by com- 
 plying with the rules and by-laws, and paying ten cents per volume. On every Saturday even- 
 ing the library-room is open, and has always been well patronized. Its financial condition is 
 sound, and new books are constantly added. Since the first year the officers have been as 
 follows : 
 
 1859 — President, A. H. R.ounsville ; Clerk and Librarian, Edwin Hillyer ; Treasurer, 
 George W. Bly ; Collector. William Euen. 
 
 1860 and 1861 — ^President, A. H. Rounsville ; Clerk and Librarian, E. Hillyer ; Treas- 
 urer, G. W. Bly ; Collector, George E. Jennings. 
 
 1862, 1863 and 1864— President, A. H. Rounsville ; Clerk, W. W. Houghton ; Librarian, 
 E. Hillyer ; Treasurer, G. W. Bly ; Collector, George E. Jennings. 
 
 1865 — President, A. H. Rounsville ; Clerk and Librarian, E. Hillyer ; Treasurer, G. W. 
 Bly ; Collector, G. E. Jennings. 
 
 1866 — President, D. Ferguson ; Clerk and Librarian, E. Hillyer ; Treasurer, A. H. 
 Rounsville; Collector, G. E. Jennings. 
 
 1867 and 1868— President, Charles Jones : Vice President, W. H. Taylor ; Clerk and 
 Librarian, E. Hillyer; Treasurer, A. H. Rounsville; Collector, G. E. Jennings. 
 
 1869— President, W. H. Taylor ; Librarian and Clerk, E. Hillyer ; Treasurer, A. H. 
 Rounsville ; Collector, G. E. Jennings. 
 
 1870 — President, Thomas Stoddart ; Clerk and Librarian, E. Hillyer; Treasurer, A. H. 
 Rounsville ; Collector, G. E. Jennings. 
 
 1871 and 1872 — President, D. Ferguson ; Clerk and Librarian, E. Hillyer ; Treasurer, 
 A. H. Rounsville ; Collector, G. E. Jennings. 
 
 1873— President, W. H. Taylor; Clerk and Librarian, E. Hillyer: Treasurer, E. W. 
 Jones ; Collector, G. E. Jennings. 
 
 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877 and 1878— President, W. H. Taylor; Clerk and Librarian, E. 
 Hillyer ; Treasurer, E. W. Jones ; Collector, G. E. Jennings. 
 
 1879 and 1880 — President, L. D. Hinkley ; Clerk and Librarian, E. Hillver; Treasurer, 
 E. W. Jones. 
 
 To the late William Euen belongs the credit of taking the first steps to organize the Wau- 
 pun Library Association. 
 
 OLD settlers' club. 
 
 On the 8th day of Februai-y, 1875, many citizens of Waupun and vicinity, who had long 
 been residents of the State, met together for the purpose of organizing an Old Settlers' Club. 
 A Club was formed and a committee appointed to draft rules for its government. A resolution 
 was also adopted, that all citizens of Waupun and vicinity, who had been twenty-five years resi- 
 dent of the State, should be entitled to membership. The meeting adjourned to February 15, 
 1875, for the purpose of perfecting a permanent organization. 
 
 On the last mentioned day, rules for the government of the Club were presented and 
 adopted. The Club permanently organized by the election of James McElroy, President; John 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 715 
 
 Bryce, Treasurer, and W. H. Taylor, Secretary. A resolution was adopted that the Old Set- 
 tlers' Club hold their first meeting March 2, 1875 ; that a picnic dinner be furnished, and that 
 members of the Club only participate. 
 
 Before the meeting, appointed for March 2, 1875, convened, the following named residents 
 of Wisconsin became members, giving the date of their entrance into the State : 
 
 Jedediah Amadon 1844 
 
 Samuel Amadon 1845 
 
 Henry Amadon 1S4I) 
 
 Alnion At wood 1847 
 
 Dudley Andresvs 184-5 
 
 M. .1. Althouse 1849 
 
 John Bi-voe 1849 
 
 H. L. Bulterfield 1847 
 
 B. B. Baldwin 1844 
 
 W. T. Brooks 1846 
 
 John A. Baker 1842 
 
 Luther Butts 1840 
 
 D. L. Bancroft 1843 
 
 C. C. Bailey 1847 
 
 David Bruce a842 
 
 D. C. Brooks 1848 
 
 John Burns 1842 
 
 L. B. Balcom 1841 
 
 David Boynton 1845 
 
 Ira Clement 1847 
 
 H. E. Collins 1836 
 
 Philander Cole 1837 
 
 Sylvester Dodge 1845 
 
 M. K. Dahl 184'J 
 
 James Davison 1846 
 
 E. M. Dodgson 1842 
 
 J. H.Elkins 1843 
 
 Joseph Fairbank 1844 
 
 August Fisher 1844 
 
 K. Franklin 1846 
 
 Kev. E. D. Farnham 1844 
 
 John S. Gee 1846 
 
 Martin Grider 1843 
 
 Charles Grant 1845 
 
 R. L Graham 1849 
 
 T. W. Gee 1846 
 
 S. H. Harris 1845 
 
 C. W. Henning 1849 
 
 Simon Heath 18381 
 
 Eli Hooker 1846 
 
 E. Hillyer 1847 
 
 J. C. Hillibert 1849 
 
 Daniel Hiler 1845 
 
 S. C. Hill 1842 
 
 Ira Hill 1843 
 
 Frank Johnston 1844 
 
 A. S. Johnson 1843 
 
 Benjamin Lyons 1847 
 
 B. Lemeness 1847 
 
 John Landaal 1846 
 
 John Kastine 1847 
 
 Philip Kramer 1847 
 
 Isaac Kcech 1837 
 
 Elias Kennedy 1845 
 
 James McElro'y 1848 
 
 John McCune 1848 
 
 Robert Mosher 1845 
 
 S. J. Mattoon 1844 
 
 .John W. McElroy 1848 
 
 Ira iMerriam 1844 
 
 John Manz 1847 
 
 Silas Marsh 1840 
 
 John Mosher 1845 
 
 D. S. Morse 1843 
 
 A. F. Morse 1843 
 
 Parley Merriam 1844 
 
 Nelson Merriam .T 1844 
 
 Alexander McElrov 1848 
 
 E. T. Miller ." 1844 
 
 0. A. Morse .' 1843 
 
 S. W. McDonald 1844 ' 
 
 N. J. Newton 1839 
 
 D. V. Nickerson 1845 1 
 
 John Nickerson 1845 
 
 W. G. Oliver 1846 
 
 R. L. Oliver 1846 
 
 .1. C. Owen 1846 
 
 C. T. Owen 1846 
 
 Joseph N. Olin 1839 
 
 Daniel Pierce 1 844 
 
 A. P. Phelps 1846 
 
 E. A. Padgham 1849 
 
 C. W. Page 1840 
 
 John Ross 1848 
 
 C. F. C. Rank 1848 
 
 A. J. Sheldon 1848 
 
 B. C. Sawyer 1842 
 
 VV. H. Smithers 1845 
 
 J. L. Sargent 1845 
 
 August Spannagel 1846 
 
 T. C. Sanborn 1849 
 
 L. C. Stewart 1849 
 
 Edward Sikes 1844 
 
 H. N. Smith 1847 
 
 W. E. Scott 1845 
 
 W. H. Taylor 1846 
 
 Lyman Town 1844 
 
 Cyrus Tavlor 1838 
 
 William Thompson 1847 
 
 Caroline S. Town 1844 
 
 John Taylor 1842 
 
 William N. Walker 1846 
 
 C. B. Whitton 1846 
 
 Rev. E. N. Wright 1844 
 
 Thurston Wilcox 18.36 
 
 C. H. Walker 1846 
 
 Jane A. Walker 1846 
 
 H. B. Wilcox 1836 
 
 Horatio Weadge 1844 
 
 Newel Whiting 1844 
 
 H T. Wood 1844 
 
 Whitman Young 184S1 
 
 These only comprise those who settled in the State previous to the year 1850, yet all who 
 came in that year, were admitted to participation, together with their families. 
 
 On the 2d of March, 1875, pursuant to notice and invitations, the old settlers met in Wau- 
 pun. A large company was present. An old-fashioned dinner of pork, beans and brown bread 
 was served in abundance. Men and women partook of it with a relish. Old times and old 
 scenes were talked over. The evening was spent in social enjoyment. All were pleased with 
 the first Old Settlers' Club meeting. 
 
 On the 25th of November, 1875, the Executive Committee of the Club appointed December 
 4, 1875, as the time for the election of officers. On the day last named, James McElroy was 
 re-elected President ; John Bryce, Treasurer, and W. H. Taylor, Secretary. A resolution was 
 then adopted, that the Club hold their annual meeting on December 21, 1875. Accordingly, on 
 that day, the second annual meeting of the Club was held in Waupun. It was a success. The 
 banquet was enjoyed by about 650 old settlers and their guests. The evening was spent in 
 social intercourse, music and literary entertainments. This meeting, though held in 1875, was 
 really the meeting for 1876. 
 
 Owing to the inclement season of 1877, and other reasons, no annual meeting was held. 
 The Executive Committee having previously called a meeting, for the election of olBcers, on the 
 
716 HISTORY or FOND DU LAC COUKTY. 
 
 6th day of February, 1878, all of the past officers were re-elected. A resolution was adopted 
 that the Club hold their annual meeting for 1878 on February 15, and that all who had been 
 residents of Waupun or vicinity for twenty years, be entitled to membership. On the day last 
 named, the Club held their third annual meeting. The gathering was large. Old men and 
 women, with their families, met and exchanged congratulations. A banquet was served, and 
 many partook of the repast. The afternoon and evening was spent, by those present, in pleas- 
 ant intercourse. All were pleased and all voted the meeting a success. 
 
 At this time, it was determined that the Club should not hold its annual meetings in the 
 winter ; that the next one should be held in the open air. Consequently, on the 1.5th of June, 
 1879, the fourth annual meeting of the Club was held in a grove one mile from the city, invi- 
 tations to all old settlers having been extended. The novelty of an out-door meeting, the season 
 of the year, and the pleasure of meeting old friends and faces, brought out a large assembly. 
 A long table had been prepared and was spread, loaded with the good things of life, generously 
 furnished by the old settlers. It was estimated that at least 1,200 partook of the ample bounty. 
 Tills meetins: was a success, and will be remembered by all present with pleasure. The day 
 was beautiful, and was enlivened by music and addresses. 
 
 WISCONSIN STATE PRISON. 
 
 This institution was located in the village of Waupun during the year 1851, and opened 
 for the reception of convicts in the spring of 1852. By a law enacted in 1851, Messrs. John 
 Bullen, John Taylor and A. W. Worth were appointed Commissioners to determine the best 
 point in the State for the location of a State Prison. They examined different points, and, on 
 July 4, 1851, a majority of the Commissioners (Bullen and Taylor) decided to locate at Wau- 
 pun, Mr. Worth dissenting in favor of Madison. 
 
 On July 21, 1851, a contract was made with J. K. Smith for the construction of a main, 
 upright part of a temporary prison for $4,600, the dimensions of which were 26x80 feet, three 
 stories high, of wood, above a stone basement. The Commissioners estimated the sum necessary 
 to continue the erection of the prison and pay indebtedness at $25,000, and also recommended 
 the purchase of an additional twenty acres of land, for the sum of .$800, which recommendation, 
 however, does not appear to have been acted upon. 
 
 John Taylor, of Waupun, was, March 28, 1852, appointed Commissioner by the Legisla- 
 ture, but was removed by Gov. Farwell before taking possession of the office, and Henry Brown, 
 of Fond du Lac, appointed in his place, who took charge of the prison April 2, 1852. 
 
 On July 12, 1853, the Legislature directed the Commissioner to let the contract for the 
 mason work of the south wing of the prison, and, in December following, Andrew Proudfit 
 contracted to complete the work by December, 1854, for the sum of $12,624; it was ready for 
 the accommodation of prisoners in January following. 
 
 In his report for the year 1853, the Commissioner put the value of personal property 
 belonging to the State at $4,181.71. 
 
 By an act of the Legislature, the management of the State Prison was placed in the hands 
 of a Commissioner, who was elected by tlie people at the general election in November, 1853, 
 to hold his office for two years, from January 1 next succeeding the election. He appointed 
 one person to perform the duties of Deputy and Clerk, and also appointed all other officers. 
 The prison building, at this time, only contained sixty-seven cells ; number in confinement, 
 sixty-one. 
 
 The Commissioner, from January 1, 1854, to December 31, 1855, was A. W. Starks. of 
 Baraboo. In accordance with a law passed by the Legislature the Commissioner, during the 
 year 1855, let the convict labor as follows: 
 
 To Whitney & Danfortli, for the labor of the convicts in the carpenter-shop, for two years, 
 at 55 cents per day. 
 
 To Starkweather & Elmore, for the labor of convicts in tin-shop, for thirteen months, at an 
 average rate of 48 cents per day. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 717 
 
 To Mensink & Boland, for the labor of convicts in shoe-shop, for one year, at 60 cents per 
 day, and 25 cents for apprentices for the first six months. 
 
 Total amount received from the State to December, 185-5, f 30,156.94. Prisoners confined, 
 sixty-eight males. 
 
 E. McGarry, of Milwaukee, was the Commissioner from January 1, 1856, to December, 
 1857 ; John Lowth, Deputy. An appropriation of $10,000 liad been made by the Legislature 
 for the construction of the main or center building, but there being no money in the treasury, the 
 ury, the Commissioner had to negotiate for the purchase of material on credit and keep the 
 convicts employed. He also recommended the building of a stronger wall around the prison 
 yard, as the board fence had become much decayed and afforded poor protection against escapes. 
 
 Gov. Bashford, in his message, recommended the leasing of the labor of convicts, provid- 
 ing, that they should be fed, clothed and furnished with the, usual necessaries of life bv the con- 
 ti-actors, who also should pay all expenses of guarding the prison, and allow the State a reason- 
 able compensation for the services of the convicts. 
 
 Prisoners confined January 1, 1857, 108 ; received in all up to that time, 241. 
 
 E. M. McGraw, of Sheboygan, held the office of Commissioner from January, 1858, to 
 December, 1859 ; James Giddings, Deputy. 
 
 Hans C. Heg. of Racine, held the office to December, 1861 ; L. W. Evans, Deputy. 
 
 On account of the convening of the Legislature each year early in January, it was impos- 
 sible to complete the annual report for the preceding year before the meeting of that body. 
 The time for making the annual report was therefore changed to October 1. 
 
 The Legislature also passed a law giving the Commissioner the authority to diminish the term 
 of any convict, sentenced for a specific term, against whom no infraction of the rules had been 
 reported, not more than five days in each month. 
 
 The foundation for nearly all the front wall was laid during the year 1861, also iron-work 
 for front wall received, each panel weighing about 800 pounds. The prison report states that 
 the prison continued to turn out shoes for the soldiers. 
 
 In August, 1861, the office of Deputy and Clerk was divided, one of these could not be 
 held by the officer holding the other. 
 
 Hans C. Heg was re-nominated by the Republican State Convention, for the office of 
 Commissioner, but afterward declined, and Alex. P. Hodges, of Oshkosh, nominated in his 
 place, and elected ; he held the ofiice for the next two years, with Martin Mitchell as Deputy 
 and Henry Cordier, Clerk. Seven hundred and eighty prisoners were received to September 
 30, 1862, of whom 116 remained in prison at that time. 
 
 The next Commissioner was Henry Cordier, of Waupun (formerly of Oshkosh), who held 
 the office for three terms, from January, 1864 to December, 1869. John Wingender, Clerk; 
 N. H. Palmer, Deputy. 
 
 The joint committee of the Legislature on State affiiirs, having recommended the construc- 
 tion of a sewer from the prison yard to Rock River, a distance of 2,800 feet, the Legislature 
 appropriated the sum of $2,500 for that purpose, and work was commenced during the spring 
 of 1864, and finished next year. 
 
 A number of convicts were let to the Green Bay Stave Company, for making barrels for 
 a term of one year. The contract did not prove profitable, and was not renewed. 
 
 Number of prisoners confined September 30, 1865, was 90, being a decrease of 23 since 
 the year previous; total received up to that time, 1,011. 
 
 Four thousand dollars were appropriated by the Legislature in 1866, for steam-power, and 
 a contract was made with Kiner & Co., of Fond du Lac, for an engine of sufficient capacity to be 
 used in the cabinet shop. 
 
 The prison buildings at this time consisted of main building (used as Commissioner's resi- 
 dence, office, officers' rooms, chapel and hospital), cell-room, female prison, workshops, wash- 
 house, barn and stable and woodshed. The prison proper, or cellroom, is 200 feet long, 50 
 feet wide and 50 feet high ; built of dressed limestone ; ten windows on each side, each being 
 
718 HISTORY OF FOND Dl' LAC COUNTY. 
 
 16x5 feet. In the middle part of this room is a stone block containing the cells, four tiers, 
 280 cells in all, which are 7 feet long, 4J feet wide and 8 feet high ; the north cellroom to be a 
 fac-simile of the south cellroom. 
 
 The manufacture of chairs was, during the year 1868, inaugurated at the prison ; a consider- 
 able number of the prisoners were employed in quarrying and cutting stone. The prisoners' 
 dress was changed from the striped dress heretofore worn, to one uniform color — light gray— the 
 former being used dnly as a means of punishment, but has since been entirely abandoned. 
 
 On January 1, 1870, George F. Wheeler, of Fond du Lac, assumed the management of 
 the prison, having been elected Commissioner; he appointed C. S. Kelsey. of Montello, 
 Deputy; D. B. Parkhurst, of Berlin, Clerk; Dr. H. L. Butterfield, Prison Physician. 
 
 The workshops were, on the 2d day of May, 1870, destroyed by fire; also about 300,000 
 feet of lumber, considerable cord-wood and other property. The shops were immediately rebuilt, 
 and ready about January 1, 1871. They are now 375 feet long, 51 feet wide, two stories high, 
 with engine-house attached, two dry-houses and brick smoke-stack, 110 feet high. 
 
 During the next year, Mr. Kelsey resigned his position as Deputy Warden, and was suc- 
 ceeded by B, H. Bettis ; L. D. Hinkley was appointed Clerk, in place of D. B. Parkhurst, 
 resigned. Mr. George F. Wheeler was re-elected Commissioner, and held the office until 
 December, 1873. 
 
 The Legislature, during the session of 1873, passed a law, changing the management of 
 the prison, which law went into effect in January, 1874. Three Directors were appointed by 
 the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, to hold their office for two, four and 
 six years, and thereafter all appointments to be for six years. In place of the Commissioner, 
 heretofore elected by the people at the general election, the Directors appointed a Warden, who 
 has charge and custody of the prison, also appointed the Clerk, both to hold their office for a 
 term of three years. The Warden appointed all other officers, subject to the approval of the 
 Directors. 
 
 The Governor of the State appointed as the first Board of Directors, ex-Gov. Nelson 
 Dewey, of Grant County, for six years ; W. E. Smith, of Milwaukee, for four years; Joel Rich, 
 of Dodge County, for two years. They met at the prison February 12, 1874, and appointed 
 George F. AVheeler, the former Commissioner, as Acting Warden, and L. D. Hinkley, Acting 
 Clerk. 
 
 On April 1, 1874, H. N. Smith, of Sheboygan County, was appointed Warden, and Jacob 
 Fuss, of Brown County, Clerk, for a term of three years from January 1, 1874. The Warden 
 appointed S. D. Hubbard, Deputy; Dr. H. L. Butterfield, Prison Physician; Rev. E. Tasker, 
 Chaplain; G. J. Heiderman, Superintendent of Shops. 
 
 During the first year of the new administration, arrangements were made with the C, M. 
 & St. P. R. R. to run a side track into the prison yard, for which purpose four and one-half 
 acres of land lying between the railroad track and the prison grounds had to be bought. The 
 manufacture of wagons was also introduced, employing from twenty-five to thirty convicts. 
 
 S. D. Hubbard resigned his position as Deputy Warden September 30, 1874, and was suc- 
 ceeded by V. B. Knowles, who remained until April 30, 1875, when he resigned, and Joel Rich, 
 one of the Directors, acted as Deputy until January 1, 1876, when his term of office as Director 
 expired, and he was appointed Deputy. 
 
 George W. Burchard, of Fort Atkinson, was, .January 1, 1876, appointed one of the 
 Directors, in place of Joel Rich, whose term had expired. 
 
 The Lejrislatui'e havino; authorzed the leasing of the labor of convicts, the Warden adver- 
 tised for proposals for the labor of from fifty to seventy-five men, but no bids were received. 
 
 The Warden, H. N. Smith, and Clerk, Jacob Fuss, were re-appointed January 1, 1877, 
 for another term of three years. 
 
 On the morning of Februai-y 1, the engine-house was burned, also about 20,000 feet of 
 lumber, and the engine. The house was immediately rebuilt, making it a one-story building, 
 with fire-proof roof. The engine was also repaired, and two new tubular boilers put in in place 
 of the old flue boilers worn out. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 719 
 
 An experiment was made by employing a number of convicts in the manufacture of brooms, 
 which, however, did not prove satisfactory, and was therefore abandoned. 
 
 The convict labor was leased to M. D. Wells & Co., of Chicago, for the manufacture of 
 boots and shoes, for five years from January 1, 1878, at the rate of 40 cents per day, nine and 
 three-fourths hours to be a day's work. All other manufacture on the part of the State was 
 therefore discontinued after January 1, except that a few men were kept in the wagon-shop, 
 where it was intended to work up the old material on hand. 
 
 H. M. Kutchin, of Fond du Lac, was, in .January, 1878, appointed one of the Directors in 
 place of Wm. E. Smith, whose term had expired, and who had been elected Governor of the State. 
 
 Alexander White, of Fond du Lac, was, April 10, of the same year, appointed Deputy 
 Warden in place of Joel Rich, resigned. The continued increase of the number of prisoners 
 seemed to make it necessary to complete the north cellroom, which was done during the sum- 
 mer following at an expense of about ^8,000. 
 
 From the Directors' and Warden's report for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1879, 
 the following statistics are gathered : Total number of prisoners received to that time, 2,730 ; 
 total number confined, 309, of which 225 were employed under contract. Age of those confined, 
 21 under twenty years ; 47 from twenty to thirty ; 65 from thirty to forty ; 56 from forty to 
 sixty ; 20 over sixty. The total number of life prisoners received were : Murder, 54 ; murder, 
 first degree, 29 ; murder, second degree, 11 ; rape, 2 ; desertion, 1 — total, 97. Discharged on 
 Governor's pardon, 31 ; on order of courts, 8 ; on order of Secretary of War, 1 ; removal to Insane 
 Asylum, 3; died, 6 — total, 49 ; leaving in prison, September 30, 1879, 48. Longest time 
 served, 17 years ; shortest, 2 years and 9 months. 
 
 The prisoners confined September 30, 1879, were received during the several years as fol- 
 lows : 1857, 1 ; 1860, 1 ; 1862, 1 ; 1863, 2 ; 1865, 3 ; 1866, 1 ; 1867, 2 ; 1868, 5 ; 1869, 2 ; 
 1870, 2 ; 1871, 5 ; 1872, 6 ; 1874, 8 ; 1875, 14 ; 1876, 22 ; 1877, 48 ; 1878, 108 ; 1879, 78. 
 
 On June 17, 1878, the number of prisoners was 366, the highest number ever reached. 
 
 The total amount of appropriations received from the State since the organization of the 
 prison is $1,993,481.23, or an average of $41,240 a year to September 30, 1877. Owing to 
 the large amount of manufactured goods, material and bills receivable on hand when the convict 
 labor was contracted to Wells & Co., no appropriation was asked for and received, for the two 
 years from October 1, 1877, to September 30, 1879, and none asked for the year ending Septem- 
 ber 30, 1880, the last annual report showing all bills paid, with cash on hand $11,090. 
 
 George W. Carter, of Fond du Lac, was, January 1, 1880, appointed Warden in place of 
 H. N. Smith, whose term of office expired on that day. Jacob Fuss was re-appointed Clerk, 
 Alexander White continued as Deputy Warden; Rev. Victor Kutchin, Chaplain; Drs. H. L. 
 Butterfield and D. W. Moore, Prison Physicians ; Henry Brooks, Turnkey. 
 
 WAUPUN A DOZEN YEARS AGO. 
 
 " Waupun, a village containing something over 3,000 inhabitants," says a writer in 1868, 
 "is situated on the Horicon Branch of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. The village lies 
 in the counties of Fond du Lac and Dodge, Main street being the county line. The distance 
 ro m Milwaukee is about sixty miles; from Green Bay, eighty-five miles; from La Crosse, one 
 hundred and fifty miles, and from Madison fifty miles. There are direct railroad communications 
 with all of these places. Chester, a small station on the C. & N-W. Railway, is situated about 
 two and one-half miles east of the village. The ready commuuication thus afforded with Mil- 
 waukee, Chicago and Green Bay, renders this a better place of market than most inland towns. 
 One great essential to the rapid growth of a place — a good water-power — is wanting here; and 
 Waupun has been obliged to depend mainly upon the agricultural wealth of the surrounding coun- 
 try, and the enterprise and energy of the early settlers, for its advancement. 
 
 " The first white settlers in this locality came here between the years of 1839 and 1841. 
 One of the first buildings, if not the first erected here, was a tavern put up by Mr. Seymour Wil- 
 cox. Soon after him, Nathan Newton, John N. Ackerman, Nathaniel Dodge and William 
 
720 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 McElroy made settlements here. Since that time, Waupun has grown slowly but steadily, and 
 the wilderness has been converted into rich and well-cultivated farms. In the 'early days' of 
 the settlement, Seymour Wilcox owned nearly all of the land where Waupun now stands. Gen. 
 Winfield Scott, the hero of many a well-fought battle with our country's foes, once stopped over 
 nio'ht at Mr. Wilco.x's tavern. Before the railroad was laid through this place, most of the farm- 
 ers carried their produce to Milwaukee with ox teams and heavy lumber wagons, the trip there 
 and back taking about five days at shortest. 
 
 "I know of no more accurate criterions by which to judge a place than its churches, 
 schools, press and saloons.' At the last village election the temperance ticket was chosen, and 
 there is not now a whisky saloon in the place. Of the churches, schools and press, I propose 
 to speak. 
 
 " There are six churches in the village. The Congregational Church, Rev. J. M. Williams, 
 Pastor, has a large membership, and exerts an extensive i-eligious influence upon the community. 
 The Methodist Church has been longest organized at this place, and probably has the largest 
 membership. The Pastor, Rev. J. C. Robbins, has labored earnestly among his people, and 
 with good success. The First Baptist Church, Rev. J. 0. M. Hewitt, Pastor, though hardly 
 equal to the others in membership, is not inferior in other respects. The Free-Will Baptist 
 Church, Rev. E. N. Wright, Pastor, prospers well financially and spiritually. There are also 
 tlie Trinity Protestant Episcopal Mission, Rev. Charles Thorp, Deacon in charge, and the Cath- 
 olic Church, Rev. G. L. \Villard. 
 
 " There are three ward schools, all well supported, and all under the direction of well 
 qualified teachers. There has been considerable talk about establishing a central high school 
 here, but no very energetic action has ever been taken about the matter. 
 
 " Two weekly newspapers are published here, both strongly Republican. The Waupun 
 Times, John R. Decker, editor, is published every Tuesday, and has now nearly closed its 
 eleventh year. The Prison City Leader has just entered its third year, and is a live local 
 sheet, edited and published by Short & Oliver. 
 
 " Western States generally have shown much liberality in the construction of their public 
 buildings, but perhaps none more than Wisconsin. Surely its penitentiary is one that may com- 
 pare favorably with the best institutions of the kind in the Union, and has often been termed the 
 ' model prison of the country.' The convicts are under excellent discipline, the result of the 
 earnest labors of the present Commissioner, Mr. Henry Cordier, who has been three times eleeted 
 to this oflice. The institution is now nearly self-supporting, and it is expected soon to be 
 entirely so. A prison school, established a little more than a year ago, is now in successful 
 operation. 
 
 " The manufacturing interests of Waupun are considerable. The Waupun pump, patented 
 and manufactured by Mr. M. J. Althouse, is the premium pump of the Northwest. Mr. A. 
 came here in the ' ealdy days' of the village, worth but little, as far as pecuniary wealth is con- 
 cerned, but containing within him the indomitable energy and perseverance which have since 
 characterized him as an extensive business manager. He made his first pump with his own 
 hands, and for his own well. Afterward, lie made a few for his neighbors, and soon obtained a 
 patent and started a small factory. Enlarging and erecting new buildings, he rapidly won the 
 favor and patronage of the public, and acquired considerable property. But every one must 
 expect reverses in fortune. Mr. Althouse was not an exception. His large manufactory was 
 entirely destroyed by fire last winter, and Mr. A. suffered a loss of $12,000 in stock not easily 
 replaced. Fortunately, he owned a planing-mill separate from this factory, and, building a large 
 addition to this, he immediately converted it into a manufiictory. He is now doing an immense 
 business. He employs thirty-five hands, besides twenty-three who are engaged in the sale of 
 the pumps throughout the States of Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa. ' Two teams are kept run- 
 ning continually -from each of the points, Madison, Mineral Point, Fond du Lac, Appleton and 
 Waukesha, in this State. Mr. A. usually makes about 6,000 pumps annually, but will turn out 
 7,800 this year. The timber used in the manufacture of these pumps is white-wood, and is 
 

 ,,'yi'' 
 
 ^M>t^2j^ 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 723 
 
 obtained from Michigan. Tlie machinery is all new, and is run by steam. Besides his manu- 
 factory, Mr. A. has a large building which he uses for a repository and office. 
 
 " The mammoth wagon and carriage factory of Messrs. Wells & Co. is an institution in which 
 Waupun justly feels a pride. This firm succeeded that of A. D. Allis & Co. Mr. Wells 
 employs thirty hands, and makes 300 wagons, 100 carriages and 50 cutters annually, selling 
 them chiefly in the States of Wisconsin and Minnesota. He obtains his stock from the East, 
 and gives special attention to light work. 
 
 " Messrs. Zimmerman & Geidel are doing a good business in the wagon and carriage line. 
 This firm employs thirteen hands, and manufactures 125 wagons, 30 carriages and about 40 
 sleighs and cutters annually, and finds a sale for them in this State. 
 
 " The Prison City Marble Works of J. S. Gee & Son are worthy of mention. These have 
 been established many years at this place, and work of a first-class character is done. 
 
 " Mr. Robert B. McElroy has a large door and blind factory here. 
 
 " There are four hotels, the best of which are the Carrington and New York Houses, kept 
 respectively by A. Shipman and Charles Simpson. 
 
 " There is only one bank — the Corn Exchange — in Waupun. Its capital is $50,000. 
 President, D. Ferguson ; Cashier, W. Hobkirk. 
 
 " The flouring-mills of this place were quite useless in the summer season until Harris & 
 Son put an engine into their mill in order to run it by steam when water was low. The other 
 mill runs the greater part of the year, and Mr. William Warren is doing quite a good business 
 with it. Both mills have two run of stones, one each for flour and feed." 
 
 WAUPUN FIRE COMPANY NO. 1. 
 
 Early in 1874, the village of Waupun having suffered several losses from fire which might 
 have been avoided had there been an organized fire department, purchased a Champion Chem- 
 ical fire engine at a cost of $2,000, and built a neat two-story engine-house on Main street near 
 the railway crossing for its reception. This building cost about $750. On the Gth of October, 
 of the same year, a meeting was held for the purpose of organizing a fire department, when the 
 following persons signed the by-laws and became members, to serve without pay: 0. A. Morse, 
 Jr., S. J. Morse, Frank Heath, J. E. Stanton, P. M. Pryor, Albert Raymond, George Ray- 
 mond, Ole Oleson, J. W. Oliver, J. A. Baker, W. E. Warren, C. H. Ackerman, P. Weidner, 
 Isaac Thompson, S. Peterson, W. H. Purcell, E. L. Schofield, D. S. Pryor, H. D. Schulte, P. 
 Thompson, Thomas Purcell, J. F. Jones, W. G. Oliver, C. Christophersen, H. 0. Shipman, W. 
 Blosfeldt, Thomas McDonald. D. A. Lowber, W. Germain, F. H. Robinson, E. A. Conrad, James 
 McFarlane, J. M. Bobbins, B. W. Mentink, F. R. Pierce, W. T. King, H. McRoberts, H. 
 Hanisch, C. A. Pierce, J. Staub. John Fieldstad, Charles Larson, Charles Hanisch, Charles 
 Dahl and T. W. Gee. At the same time, the following officers were elected : Foreman, J. A. 
 Baker ; First Assistant, W. E. Warren ; Second Assi-stant, P. Weidner ; Secretary, J. W. 
 Oliver; Treasurer, W. G. Oliver. 
 
 In 1878, the city purchased a water engine for $500, and caused to be made at a local shop 
 a hose-cart, which is far more light, durable and convenient than those made for that purpose at 
 the regular factories, and its cost was one-third less. The hook and ladder wagon and appurten- 
 ances were also made in Waupun, and are models for neatness, durability and efl'ectiveness. The 
 present officers of the Company are: Foreman, Drysdale Ferguson; First Assistant, T. W. 
 Gee; Second Assistant, Frank Heath; Seeretary, J. W. Oliver; Treasurer, 0. A. Morse, Jr. 
 
 DODGE COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 An act was passed by the Legislature and approved April 17, 1852, incorporating the Dodge 
 County Mutual Insurance Company, with Edwin Hillyer, L. B. Hills, Josiah Drummond, B. 
 Hinkley, J. N. Ackerman, George W. Bly, L. P. Preston, N. J. Newton, J. D. Tanner, Joseph 
 T. Hillyer, J. W. Brown, J. Look and Logan Graves, as Directors. 
 
 X 
 
724 HISTOKY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The act declared that " the corpoi-ation shall have power and authority to make contracts 
 of insurance with any person or persons or any body, corporate or politic, against loss by fire 
 of any houses, stores or other buildings whatsoever, or of any goods, chattels, or personal estate 
 whatsoever, for such term or terms of time, and for such premium or consideration a? may be 
 agreed upon by them, the said corporation, and the person or persons agreeing with them (it), for 
 insurance. * * * Every person who shall at any time become interested in said 
 
 Company, by insuring therein, and also his heirs, administrators and assigns, continuing to be 
 insured therein, as hereinafter mentioned, shall be deemed and taken to be members thereof, for 
 and duiing the terms specified in their respective policies, and no longer, and shall at all times 
 be concluded and bound by the provisions of this act." 
 
 The act of incorporation further declared that, when any loss should occur, every stock- 
 holder would be compelled to pay his proportion of it, according to the amount of insurance on 
 his property ; and the corporation would have a lien upon that property for the amount, what- 
 ever it might be. This was an unconstitutional provision, but it served the desired purpose. 
 
 At the first meeting of the Board of Directors, the salary of each was fixed at $2 per day 
 for services actually rendered. The Company began at once to secure business, which con- 
 stantly increased during nearly twenty years. Risks were taken in all portions of the State ; 
 losses were paid promptly, the assessments were light, and misfortune alone was the cause of the 
 Company's failure. As high as $2,500 per year salary was paid to the Secretary and $1,500 to 
 the President, with good compensation to the Directors and other officers. In the latter part of 
 1870, George W. Ely, the Secretary, conceived the idea of going abroad, and, as he never 
 returned, the Company was finally compelled to go out of business, which it did in 1875, by 
 going into bankruptcy. E. D. Foote was appointed Assignee and E. M. Beach Attorney for 
 the Assignee. About nine hundred premium notes were sued, and a dividend of 10 per cent 
 declared in favor of the stockholders. The notes outstanding amounted to $40,000, but many of 
 them were worthless. The officers, from the organization down to its death, of the Dodge 
 County Mutual Insurance Company have been as follows : 
 
 1852 and 1853 — President, Edwin Hillyer ; Vice President, J. D. Tanner; Secretary, L. 
 B. Hills ; Treasurer, George W. Bly. 
 
 1854, 1855, 1858 and"l857— President, Edwin Hillyer ; Vice President, C. C. Cheney : 
 Secretary, L. B. Hills; Treasurer, George W. Bly. In October, 1857, the President and Sec- 
 retary having resigned, John Ware was chosen President and Edwin Hillyer Secretary for the 
 balance of the year. 
 
 1858 — President, John Ware ; Vice President, E. Barker ; Secretary, Edwin Hillyer ; 
 Treasurer, G. W. Bly. 
 
 1859 — President, George W. Bly; Vice President, E. Barker; Secretary, Edwin Hillyer; 
 Treasurer, John Ware. 
 
 1860 — President, George W. Bly; Vice President, E. Barker; Secretary, Edwin Hillyer; 
 Treasurer, W. G. McElroy. 
 
 1861 — President, George W. Bly ; Vice President, E. Barker; Secretary, Edwin Hillyer; 
 Treasurer, Logan Graves. 
 
 1862 — President, George W. Bly; Vice President, E. Barker; Secretary, Edwin Hillyer ; 
 Treasurer, M. L. Coe. 
 
 1863 — President, George W. Blv ; Vice President, L. B. Hills ; Secretary, Edwin Hillyer ; 
 Treasurer, J. T. Hillyer. 
 
 1864 — President, George W. Bly ; Vice President, Logan Graves ; Secretary, Edwin Hill- 
 yer ; Treasurer, L. B. Hills. 
 
 1865 — President, George W. Bly; Vice President, Logan Graves; Secretary, Edwin Hill- 
 yer ; Treasurer, George Babcock. In July, the President and Secretary resigned, and J. T. 
 Hillyer was chosen President and George W. Bly Secretary for the balance of the year. 
 
 1866 — President, Joseph T. Hillyer ; Vice President, Logan Graves ; Secretary, George 
 W. Bly ; Treasurer, Hanson Ely. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 725 
 
 1867 — President, J. T. Hillyer; Vice President, Logan Graves; Secretary, George W. Ely ; 
 Treasurer, D. C. Brooks. 
 
 1868 — President, J. T. Hillyer ; Vice President, Logan Graves ; Secretary, George W. 
 Ely ; Treasurer, 0. L. Olmstead. 
 
 1869 — President, J. T. Hillyer; Vice President, Logan Graves; Secretary, George W. 
 Ely; Treasurer, W. G. McElroy. 
 
 1870 — President, J. T. Hillyer; Vice President, 0. L. Omstead ; Secretary, George W. 
 Ely ; Treasurer, Townsend Carpenter. Eefore this terra expired, Mr. Bly went on a tour from 
 which he has never returned, and George Eabcock took his place as Secretary. 
 
 1871 — President, J. T. Hillyer; Vice President, George G. Marvin; Secretary, J. A. 
 Eaker ; Treasurer, George Eabcock. Eefore the year ended, the President and Treasurer 
 resigned, and William Hobkirk was chosen President, and George F. Wheeler, Treasurer. 
 
 1872, 1873 and 1874— President, William Hobkirk; Vice President, G. G. Marvin; Sec- 
 retary, J. A. Baker; Treasurer, George F. Wheeler. 
 
 1875 — President, William Hobkirk; Vice President, G. G. Marvin; Secretary, J. A. 
 Eaker; Treasurer, Townsend Carpenter. In August, Mr. Hobkirk disappeared, and Chester 
 Hazen was chosen President. Mr. Baker resigned in June, and E. D. Foote was chosen Secre- 
 tary in his place. 
 
 Five or six days after Mr. Hobkirk left, the Company was declared bankrupt, and it has 
 transacted no business since. 
 
 A CONTRAST.* 
 
 There is a marked contrast between the times of thirty-five years ago and now, in and 
 around Waupun. Those who now live upon the same farms upon which they settled at that 
 time cannot realize the change. Like the years of man, it has been creeping steadily on. Then the 
 entire country was mostly one unbroken wilderness, streams and prairies. About thirty-five years 
 ago, the great majority of land around Waupun was entered or pre-empted. Though the soil was 
 rich and productive, yet what an amount of determination and courage was required to develop the 
 country to make it a suitable abode for man, those who possessed that determination and courage 
 very well know. With an unflinching hand the commencement was made ; there was no putting 
 the hands to the plow and looking back. The cabin was erected, the home, however homelv, 
 was started, the grounds were broken ; then, in case there were funds left sufficient to buy the 
 few necessaries for immediate use, that was a happy home. 
 
 At that time, there were no roads laid out or opened. The settler was compelled to travel 
 with his ox team, in some instances, thirty or forty miles to mill, and fortunate was he who had 
 a grist to grind. There were no schools or churches. There were none of the conveniences so 
 requisite to make life in a new country desirable ; there were none of the conveniences and 
 privileges of to-day. 
 
 The country was rich in all the natural advantages, yet no country, however fruitful, how- 
 ever rich the soil, can be brought to a satisfactory state of production except by the untiring 
 energies of man. 
 
 The commencement was made, the cabins were built, the lands were cleared and broken, 
 and each succeeding year brought in additional numbers, so that in five years there was hardly 
 a piece of Government land to be found. 
 
 Many coming in without money sufficient could enter no land. Did they lie down under 
 the misfortune of having no money ? No ; a home they would have, and where there is a will 
 there is a way. They pre-empted a quarter-section, and soon found an opportunity to sell for 
 money enough to pay for an eighth. 
 
 Necessity with many of the older settlers was often great, and often became the mother of 
 invention. Who, of this day, would think of building a wooden house without the use of boards. 
 Our latter-day mechanics would tell you that it would be almost impossible, yet it was 
 
 •Adapted from an address delivered June 15, 1879, before the old settlers of Waupun and vicinity, by W. H. Taylor. 
 
72(5 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 sometimes done, with not <a board either in floor, door or casing from foundation to ridge, and it 
 was a good, warm and cleaily kept house, and in it hospitality was extended in a regal manner. 
 
 Between the old settlers, as they came in and became acquainted (and they did not wait for 
 an introduction), there existed a bond of sympathy, a bond of love. There was a bond of 
 friendship formed which continued for years, and which still exists. 
 
 What with all their poverty, their inconvenience, and, in many cases, their entire igno- 
 rance of life in a new country, by their determined perseverance and energy they accomplished 
 more than many in more affluent circumstances would. 
 
 In those days manual labor, real backbone, was the great desideratum. 
 
 Agricultural and domestic implements were very crude. Contrast the difference between 
 the appliances now used in husbandry and housekeeping with those used thirty-five years ago — 
 those were the days of the bull-plow and crotch-drag, with wooden teeth ; then bone and sinew 
 was the motive power. From earliest morning until late at night the watchword and reply was 
 work, work. 
 
 As soon as the land was taken and occupied, so as to have a population sufficient to form a 
 town government, towns were laid out and organized; roads were laid out and opened ; school- 
 houses, however rude, were built, and schools, the great precursor of all good society, were 
 opened. 
 
 Those rude schoolhouses served a double purpose : a place where the old settlers held 
 religious service, as well as for schools. Contrast the difference between those attending service 
 and the style and manner of that service, at that time and now. 
 
 Thirty-five years ago, those who desired to attend religious service in the style of the day, 
 their conveyance would have been a lumber wagon, drawn by a yoke of oxen, and happy was 
 he who could indulge in that luxury. 
 
 Think of a man at this day loading his good wife and family into a lumber wagon, and 
 driving to either of our churches ! No matter how devout ; no matter what the circumstances ; 
 no matter if he had no mortgage upon his farm, and determined to have none, the universal 
 expression would be, that man is a boor, his wife a slave, and both unfit for society. 
 
 As the years rolled on, the settler, by his industry and frugality, was enabled to exchange 
 his cabin for a home more commodious. The fiirms were improved and soon began to return to 
 the husbandman a surplus. 
 
 Milwaukee was tlien the only market. Men, to-day, complain of the prices paid for their 
 produce. Thirty years ago, many a load of wheat was drawn by ox teams to Milwaukee, often 
 reijuiring ten or twelve days to make the trip, and sold for four shillings per bushel. 
 
 Those were times that tried men's perseverance. Some fell by the wayside ; others, with 
 that determination characteristic of the brave man, met with that signal success born of valor 
 and zeal. Mechancis began to come in, and, in almost every department of mechanism, the arti- 
 san had something to do. Mills were built, thereby relieving many of the terrible inconven- 
 iences the old settlers had to contend with. 
 
 As soon as the farms began to produce more than required for the family, thereby having 
 something to exchange for merchandise, stocks of merchandise were brought in and opened. 
 
 From the earliest settlement up to twenty-five years ago, the settlers had kept on in the 
 even tenor of their ways ; contentment and thrift, peace and good will, among and with all were 
 kindre<l associates. Our own beautiful village (now city — mark the change I) was being built 
 up. Men of the different professions found a place where to lay the foundation for reputation 
 and wealth. Most signally have many of them failed to reach the mark aimed at, while others, 
 more successful, are enjoying the fruit of their labors, and wear their honors well. 
 
 About that time that memorable enterprise so well remembered by most of you, to wit, the 
 building of a railroad from Milwaukee northwest, to run through our section, was started. 
 
 Many still living have a recollection of the ease with which they could mortgage their 
 homes to aid in that enterprise. Many, who had so mortg.aged their farms, will remember the 
 hardships and difiiculties encountered in redeeming their homes. 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 727 
 
 Up to this time there h;id been no marked distinctions in society, no graded classes. The 
 honest poor man was a peer with the more affluent. Then poverty was no crime, there was that 
 fraternal feeling existing between all the people, which characterized them, and which left an 
 indelible impression "upon the mind that can only be eradicated by death. 
 
 From twenty-five down to twenty years ago, there had been no very marked change; the 
 industry and frugality that had characterized the lives of very many of the first settlers were then 
 prominent, and I can truthfully say is a marked feature with them to-day. As industry and fru- 
 gality were with them the cynosure to success, so it will be with any and all people. 
 
 Railroads opened into the county, new branches of enterprise started, an influx of men 
 who had nothing to lose, but everything to gain, bent upon getting a living and wealth by 
 their wits, and too often at the expense of every moral principle. Teachers of almost every 
 creed known, either social, ]iolitical or moral, setting forth their peculiar dogmas, teaching a 
 new order of things, the influence of which was then deeply felt, and in some instances to-day 
 lamentably deplored ; all these with many other influences brought to bear, it is not strange that 
 a radical change should have been produced upon society. 
 
 From the earliest settlement to twenty-five and even down to twenty years ago, the wants 
 of the settler were few and easily supplied. That which they could not buy and pay for they 
 went without, but now a change was approaching, and, indeed, we may say a change had come. 
 
 The county being settled up, the farms better improved, society of a grade said to be more 
 refined introduced ; the children, growing to manhood and womanhood, anxious to adopt the advanc- 
 ing style of the day ; schools of a higher grade established; fine churches built, whose pulpits 
 were occupied by salaried ministers ; the means of communication being supplied ; agricultural 
 and domestic implements of a higher and more costly grade being introduced in place of those 
 now worn out. The consequent attendants of an additional and heavy expense in supporting 
 all these, it is not strange that a change should come. Under the rigid economy of the old set- 
 tler, with his determination to be free and untrammeled from debt, too many of them were seem- 
 ingly compelled to succumb to the influences, the demand and seeming necessities of the times, 
 and, as Adam yielded to the importuning of Eve, to eat the apple, and thereby fell from his 
 high estate, so, in some instances, we find the old settler who had a home free and unincumbered, a 
 fireside around which he could rally his family and say, this is my possession, listened to the siren 
 song sung by all these influences, and, listening, fell, a slave to style, a slave to things external 
 and perishable, a slave to his own folly. 
 
 The people felt the eff'ects of that change then, and it is felt to-day. 
 
 The query arises. Are the people to-day more<liappy, more prosperous ? Is society better? Is 
 the standard of morals higher under the enhanced cost of living and supporting caste and style 
 than were the old settlers in their honest industry and frugality ? In short, are the people 
 more happy ? Are they more contented ? Do they enjoy themselves better with a " plaster " on 
 their farms and homes, though they dress in style and ride in a coach, than did the old settlers 
 with homes free and unincumbered, though they dressed in homespun and rode ju lumber 
 wagons ? 
 
 One thing is certain, and that is that manual labor and the demand for it is the measure of 
 a people's prosperity. In the earlier days, the farmers' sons were educated for farm work, the noblest 
 of all professions ; to-day they are educated for all other professions, and, in every other kind of 
 business, there is an over-supply of labor. The farms are deserted by the farmers' sons, and 
 machinery takes their place, the result is the country is filled with idlers and tramps. 
 
 When, by the introduction of any of the appliances, the demand for labor is cut short ; 
 when we see honest labor go begging for work and none to be had, then we may readily conclude 
 that our country, in its financial condition, is not prosperous. 
 
 No country can be prosperous in all its enterprises where the masses have only employment 
 and wages sufficient to enable a man to support his family and educate his children. 
 
 No country can be prosperous where labor does not receive its just reward, or where the 
 expense of living is greater than the income. 
 
728 HISTORY OF FOND DT' LAC COUNTY. 
 
 That there are errors in our system of living is a foregone conclusion. The question for 
 old settlers to consider is, What is the remedy ? It is suggested that a strict adherence to those 
 habits of a rigid economy, industry and punctuality that so characterized the fathers ; a strict 
 adherence to honesty and sobriety ; a fraternal regard for all : a strict observance of these rules 
 will place us on a higher plane, and mark our distinction among our fellow-men. 
 
 WAUPUN SCHOOLS. 
 
 District Number 1. — -The first school opened in Waupun was taught in 18-14, by Charles 
 Cleveland, in a small wooden building, situated on the line between Fond du Lac and Dodge 
 Counties, near where the railway crosses Washington street. The schoolhouse was large enough 
 to seat thirty scholars, but there were by no means thirty school children in Waupun at that 
 time. The district was No. 1, and composed the territory of the present city of Waupun, a 
 portion of the town of Waupun in Fond du Lac, and a portion of the town of Chester, in Dodge 
 County. 
 
 In 1847, the original school building having become inadequate to satisfy the demands 
 made upon it by the rapidly increasing numbers of school children, a new frame building was 
 erected on the corner of Madison and Jefferson streets, where the Episcopal Church edifice now 
 stands, in the South Ward. This served for District No. 1 until 1853, when the building now 
 used by Utter as a warehouse, on Washington street, was built. On the 2od of September, 
 1853, $1,000 was pledged for the erection of a schoolhouse, and A. K. Starkweather, E. Mun- 
 ger, John Ware, Charles Smith and B. B. Baldwin, were appointed a building committee, with 
 instructions to purchase not less than one acre of land for a site. They purchased the land on 
 which the present South Ward building now stands, and erected the building now owned by Mr. 
 Utter. 
 
 On the 22d of October, 1860, by a resolution ofiered by Eli Hooker, District No. 1 was 
 divided into two districts, tlie line between Dodge and Fond du Lac Counties separating them. 
 
 The Clerks of District No. 1 were W. II. Taylor, Eli Hooker, S. K. Vaughn, B. Ilink- 
 ley, B. B. Baldwin, A. K. Starkweather, Jesse Hooker, Charles Smith, Cromwell Laithe and 
 William Euen. 
 
 The South Ward School. — After the division, in 1860, of District No. 1, that portion 
 lying in Dodge County was called the South Ward School and continued to use the school build- 
 ing that had served the undivided district. The number of school children continued to 
 increase, and, in 1872, $10,000 was voted for a new building of brick and stone. Thomas H. 
 Green, of Fond du Lac, furnished the plans, and the contract for constructing the edifice was 
 let to A. Wisnom, of the same city. The building is a handsome two-story structure of brick, 
 with basement and cupola, and contains four commodious schoolrooms, capable to accommodate 
 400 scholars. It was finished in 1872, and the old school building was sold to Graves k Nor- 
 ton. In 1877, a high school department was organized, and money for its support is obtained 
 annually from the State. The average in the South Ward is 220, divided in four departments — 
 the high school, grammar, intermediate and primary, requiring five teachers. In the high 
 school department, all the higher branches and languages are taught. The average wages paid 
 to male teachers is $80 per month, and to female teachers $31.25 per month. 
 
 The Secretaries of the South Ward District have been William Euen, John Ware, Ira Hill 
 anil L. D. Hinkley. 
 
 Tlie North Ward School. — The North Ward, after being set off as a separate district in 
 October, 1860, had no schoolhouse. A lot on Franklin street containing three-fourths of an 
 acre of land was therefore purchasedi of Seymour Wilcox for $450, and early in 1861, the 
 erection of the present plain but substantial brick and stone structure began. The plan 
 was furnished by Mr. Whiting, who also had the contract for the wood-work. Eli Hooker 
 was overseer of the work of construction. The building cost something over $6,000, and was 
 finished for occupancy in the fall of 1861. It contains four large rooms, which accommodate 
 250 pupils. The school is divided into four graded departments, the same as the South Ward 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 729 
 
 School, and gives employment to five teachers. The high school department has quite a num- 
 ber of foreign scholars, and the room is crowded. 
 
 In 1868, all the records and papers of the North Ward School were burned. The clerks 
 have been Eli Hooker, M. J. Althouse, A. Nudd, W. J. Oliver and Emil Haueisen. 
 
 THE POST OFFICE. 
 
 The first Postmaster to serve the inhabitants of Waupun and vicinity was Seymour Wilcox, 
 -who was appointed in the winter of 184:0 and 1841, and kept the office in his log house near 
 ■where the old family residence now is. He received no stated salary, and the revenue of the 
 office at first was very little, indeed, only a few letters coming into his hands during the first 
 year. There were neither envelopes nor postage-stamps in use then, and the Postmaster col- 
 lected 25 cents for an ordinary letter from the person to whom it was directed. Even at that 
 exorbitant rate the settlers were thankful enough to get a letter, and whenever one arrived the 
 whole neighborhood knew it, and sooner or later learned the contents of the precious missive. 
 Mr. Wilcox was succeeded as Postmaster by B. Hinkley. 
 
 In 1848, John N. Ackerman secured the appointment of Postmaster, and moved its office 
 to his residence in " Upper Town," or the western portion of the village. As there had been a 
 spirited rivalry between Upper and Lower Towns for some time, the inhabitants of the latter 
 naturally rebelled at having the office moved a half-mile to the west. They could do but little, 
 however, but complain, until the ingenuity of William Euen brought both revenge and a return 
 of the post office. He drafted a general order demanding that the Postmaster deliver to him 
 whatever mail might be in the office for persons whose names were signed to the document. As 
 all the people of " Lower Town " signed tliis order, Mr. Ackerman was obliged to deliver tl>e mail 
 to Mr. Euen, who thereafter was compelled to take a horse to transport the large quantities of 
 letters and papers directed to people living in "Lower Town." Finally, early in 1849, L. B. 
 Hills received a commission as Postmaster, and the post office was moved back to "Lower Town." 
 Mr. Hills served nearly four years. 
 
 In 1853, Artimadorus Ingersoll was appointed Postmaster by Franklin Pierce to succeed 
 Mr. Hills, but was removed before the end of the year for refusing to obey the orders of the 
 politicians in appointing a deputy, and Cromwell Laithe was appointed to take his place. Mr. 
 Laithe served the balance of the term, and soon after Buchanan took his seat as President in 
 1857, Thomas Stoddart was appointed Postmaster. He served four years, until June, 1861, 
 when J. H. BrinkerhofF, the present incumbent, was appointed by Abraham Lincoln. The 
 Waupun post office became a money-order office in August, 1866. 
 
 During several years after the office was first established, mail was sent and received only 
 once each week, and when the mail carrier arrived twice a week, the inhabitants thought there 
 could be nothing like modern mail facilities. Now, mail is received and sent out six times each 
 twenty-four liours, and the revenue of the office amounts to nearly $1,000 per quarter. When 
 the Dodge County Mutual Insurance Company was doing business, the Waupun post office paid 
 out through its money-order department as much as any office in the State, with two or three 
 exceptions. 
 
 When Mr. Hinkley was Postmaster, he carried the letters remaining in the office to all 
 great occasions in the crown of his hat. When, therefore, any one asked whether there was 
 any mail in the office, he took the office from his head and looked over the little package of 
 begrimmed missives in short order, handing out whitever he found for parties present. The 
 inhabitants regarded this as a great convenience, and were not backward in praising Mr. Hink- 
 ley for establishing the post office on the top of his head. 
 
 WAUPUN AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This society was organized in 1868, holding its first fair in the fall of that year, at Wau- 
 pun. There were seven annual exhibitions by the society. The organization wound up its afiaira 
 
730 HISTOKY or rOKD DF LAC COUNTY. 
 
 in 1875. Except financially, its fairs were always a success ; they had a material influence for 
 good upon the agricultural interests of tlie vicinity. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 Tlie First Burial Place. — A knoll of dry land near the railroad store where the C, M. 
 & St. P. Railroad crosses Washington street, was first used as a burial place by the inhabitants 
 of Waupun. When the railrOad was built, the graves were all defaced and dug over, and no 
 one knows now precisely where the first graves were located. 
 
 Waupun Cemetery. — In 1853, a tract of one and one-half acres of land was purchased of 
 John N. Ackerman, on the west side of the Beaver Dam road in Dodge County, in Section 5, 
 dnd named Waupun Cemetery. This was used mostly by the people of Upper Town and vicin- 
 ity during several years, but in 1862, when Forest Mound Cemetery was opened, it nearly fell 
 into desuetude. 
 
 Forest Mound Cemetery. — In 1860. Thomas Stoddart made a visit to the cemetery at 
 Alton, 111., and was then impressed with the idea that Waupun had no such burial place as 
 the inhabitants and the beautiful surroundings entitled her to. " Go back to Waupun,'' said 
 Mrs. Brown to Mr. Stoddart, " and open a beautiful cemeterj', and do make it large enough, 
 for there is plenty of room in this country for the dead to have eternal sleep undisturbed." 
 Mrs. Brown was a Scotch lady, and made such a remark because in Scotland the want of room 
 is so great in cemeteries that corpses are buried one upon another, and seven years is about as 
 long as the dead can be allowed to rest without being dug up to make room for others. The 
 subject was thereafter agitated in Waupun, and resulted in a meeting at the office of W. H. Tay- 
 lor, when the statutes concerning cemeteriec -'ei^ consulted. On the 16th of November, 1862, 
 W. H. Taylor, George W. Ely, Thomas Oliver, Thomas Stoddart, Charles Jones, T. W. Markle, 
 H. L. Eutterfield, A. W. McNaughton and William Ilobkirk were chosen Directors or Trustees 
 of Forest Mound Cemetery, and these nine, with Edwin Hillyer, subscribed $75 each lk,v twelve 
 acres of shaded', hilly, dry land, on Section 32, in Fond du Lac County. Thomas Stoddart 
 platted the grounds into lots and laid out the carriage ways. The lots are all of uniform size, 
 each lot and walk being one rod in width. The grounds had many oak shade trees, just as 
 nature planted tliem, and evergreens and maples have been added since, until Forest ftlound 
 Cemetery is an attractive spot. 
 
 W. II. Taylor was Secretary until 1807, and Thomas Stoddart has occupied that position 
 ever since. There has been no change in the Board of Trustees, although some of them are 
 dead and others permanently absent. 
 
 PUBLIC HALLS. 
 
 Dodge's Hall. — The first public hall in Waupun was called Dodge's Hall. It is now 
 owned bv Thomas Stoddart, and known as Grange Hall. It was finished in 1856, and was the 
 pride of the village in those days. 
 
 Opera Hall. — The principal hall of Waupun is Opera Hall, built by Thomas Oliver, in 
 1868. It is light and high, capable of accommodating 500 persons, and well appointed as to 
 stage property and scenery. It is owned by Luther Butts, and situated in the second story of 
 the large brick block on the corner of Mill and Washinjrton streets. 
 
 Other Halls. — Utter's Hall, in the second story of the old South Ward School-house, is a 
 large room frequently used for balls and other public entertainments and meetings. It is on 
 Washington street, opposite the Simpson House. O'Donovan's Hall, in the fine brick block belong- 
 ing to Patrick O'Donovan, is used mostly for dances, balls and festivals. The Good Templars' 
 and Odd Fellows' Societies jiave halls, but they are little used except for lodge meetings. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Simpson House. — This hotel, of which Mrs. M. A. Simpson is proprietor, is a well-kept 
 house, and consists of two buildings situated on the north side of Washington street, east of the 
 railroad. Mrs. Simpson makes a success of hotel keeping. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 731 
 
 Fisher House. — This hotel, by the Fisher Brothers, is on the site of the old Exchange, 
 built by Seymour Wilcox, now the corner of Fond du Lac and Washington streets. It is well 
 patronized. 
 
 Other Hotels. — The Western Hotel and Hanisch's Gast-Haus are the other hotels of Waupun. 
 
 FUN IN YE OLDEN TIME. 
 
 Along in the forties, Waupun was notorious for practical jokes, lively social gatherings, 
 wide-awake old folks and tricky young ones. A few illustrations will be given to convey an 
 idea of what was constantly kept up by the fun-lovers for nearly twenty years. 
 
 By invitations, and other modes of advertising, David Bruce once gathered a large crowd at 
 his place for a dance, but the fiddlers failed to appear. Dennis Morse and a companion were 
 present, and being a good whistler, Dennis was requested to whistle for the dance while Mr. 
 Bruce drove five miles, for a fiddler. Dennis complied, and his friend thumped a sonorous 
 dishpan, to enable the dancers to keep time. Bruce found no musician, and, on returning, 
 requested Dennis to keep on with the whistle and dishpan while he went for yet another 
 fiddler. Both journeys jvere unsuccessful, but the dance went off merry enough, and Mr. 
 Bruce collected the usual fee to "pay the fiddlers." When the crowd had gone, Mr. Morse 
 inquired of Mr. Bruce if he was still agent for the Moline plows — if so, he would take one, 
 provided credit could be extended until spring. Credit was offered, and Mr. Morse took the 
 plow. When spring came, Mr. Bruce dunned Mr. Morse for pay for the plow. "Pay!" 
 exclaimed Dennis; "I paid you well enough when I whistled for your dance." Mr. Bruce 
 was indignant, and sued for the value of the plow. Mr. Morse, as a good joke, put in a 
 counterclaim for whistling and pounding on the dishpan, and won the suit! From that day, 
 David Bruce never engaged a whistler until he had agreed upon terms. 
 
 When Dr. H. L. Butterfield first came to Waupun, he had neither money nor clothes, 
 and as people were very backward about getting sick enough to require a physician's serv- 
 ices, his condition grew worse instead of better. Finally, the wife of Mr. N., one of their 
 prominent citizens, fell ill, and the husband sent for Dr. Butterfield. The Doctor did not 
 appear as ordered, and a few hours later, Mr. N. called at his office and personally requested 
 Dr. Butterfield to go and attend to his wife. Mr. N. returned home, but no Doctor appeared 
 that day. Next morning, he called at the Doctor's office, and again demanded "why in 
 Christendom his wife was not attended to?" "I'll tell you," meekly replied Dr. Butterfield, 
 ■who now smokes rich Havanas in a luxurious home ; " I am too ragged to go anywhere — I 
 can't even leave my chair when anybody is around." " I can fix you out," said Mr. N.: " you 
 just put on my pantaloons and visit the woman. I can stay here till you return." The Doctor 
 pulled oft' his dilapidated trousers, consisting of nothing but short legs and a weak waistband, 
 donned his customer's suit and left. He paid a visit to the patient, and spent a half-day in 
 making other visits and calls, and attending to business that he had neglected a fortnight for 
 want of pantaloons. When he returned to his office, he found Mr. N. nearly insane. People 
 had called on him in numbers, and as he couldn't possibly get into the ragged, short-legged 
 unmentionables left by the Doctor, he had to receive in his bare legs or shin down the streets in 
 the same ludicrous condition. No little merriment has been had over this laughable circum- 
 stance. 
 
 Joseph Hobkirk was at one time Justice of the Peace. As such, a certain young man was 
 brought before him to be tried for stealing a turkey. The prosecution had a shrewd lawyer ; the 
 case was well presented and the evidence of guilt was overwhelming. However, to the great 
 astonishment of all — even the prisoner — and the disgust of the plaintiff' and his attorney, Justice 
 Hobkirk decided "Not guilty." Shortly afterward, he was taken to task by the angry plaintiff 
 for rendering such an unjust verdict. " You see," replied the sly Justice, " I couldn't find the 
 boy guilty, for he didn't steal the turkey, and knew nothing about it. You just come along 
 with me to dinner, for my wife is an expert at roasting turkeys, and then tell me if you don't 
 think the old bird was worth catching.'' Thus the joke leaked out. 
 
732 ir [STORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Thirty years ago, or more, heavy merchandise was very costly in Waupun, owing to heavy 
 freight rates. Salt, in particular, was regarded by the farmers as a most burdensome necessity 
 on this account. When, therefore, on one bright winter's morninj; it was announced that a salt 
 well of great strength had been struck on Dr. Butterfield's lot, a perfect furor of excitement 
 ensued. The glorious news spread far and wide, and the usually quiet little village was soon 
 crowded with an e.Kcited populace, who had come in from miles around. Salt water from the 
 rich bonanza well was handed freely around ; was sipped by every one and pronounced by many 
 who professed themselves judges, to be equal to water from the famous Syracuse wells. It was 
 found in every store; was carried home in bottles; boiled down by many to test its strength; 
 and anal3'zed by a village expert, and found to contain soda, magnesia and other in<rredients, 
 and a very large percentage of pure salt. Property rose at a bound two or three hundred per cent, 
 and, as the location of the State Prison was still an unsettled matter, a meeting of the citizens 
 was called and a committee appointed to draw up and forward to Madison a full statement of the 
 rich discovery, which was thought would be a powerful lever to use with the prison locating 
 Committee in favor of Waupun. But, on account of a private dispatch, this letter was not sent, 
 and^ when the citizens found out that fact, a howl of indignation went up against the Postmaster, 
 who was denounced as a traitor. Immediately, steps were taken to oust him from his office, aad 
 the excitement grew more intense than ever. Matters finally began to look serious, as property 
 was advancing, leases were being made and various improvements planned, and the secret was 
 let out that a young Scotch clerk, who is now an old Scotch hardware merchant, had poured 
 half a barrel of rock-salt into the famous well. Next day, not a man could be found who would 
 'acknowledge that he had been sold, but a peep into several woodsheds would have disclosed 
 dozens of tin pans spoiled in boiling down water from the salt well. 
 
 Richard Graham, the clothier, was very bashful in his earlier days. He, therefore, was 
 made the butt of numerous practical jokes. On one occasion he invited a friend to a New Year's 
 dinner. The wags of the villan;e issued between one hundred and two hundred invitations 
 to the best people in the vicinity to appear at his house to dine on New Year's Day, sign- 
 ing Mr. Graham's name. Enough of them came to fill the house, much to the chagrin and 
 consternation of all, as there was not food enough in the house to feed one-quarter of those pres- 
 ent. However, necks had not begun to grow stiff in those days, and the joke was taken good- 
 naturedly. 
 
 John Carhart came to Waupun unmarried, and soon after began to pay marked attention to one 
 of the village belles. Occasionally, he prolonged his visits well into the night. Two fun-loving 
 Scotchmen, who afterward became prominent business men, stretched a rope across the street on 
 which John would return, and attached to it a man of straw. This straw man was placed in 
 the path, and the boys posted themselves on house-tops on either side of the street, each grasping 
 one end of the rope. Just as Mr. Carhart reached the spot, the rope was jerked and the straw 
 man shot into the air past his head. The sight of a man springing from the ground into the air 
 like a rocket was so unusual that the frijrhtened lover took to his heels and was never seen to 
 pass that spot alone after dark. 
 
 Other tricks without number wei'e perpetrated by a certain mischievous clique, whose mem- 
 bers are now the principal citizens oF Waupun, such as temporarily stealing horses, cows, fowls, 
 carriages and anything come-at-able ; sending out bof'us wedding cards, frightening excitable 
 individuals by arresting and trying them on bogus processes for various crimes ; sending the doc- 
 tors post haste where they were not wanted ; causing prominent men to be sued for bogus bills 
 of indebtedness ; using young ladies' names to invite Tom, Dick and Harry to call : charging 
 losses by theft upon innocent but nervous parties, and keeping the vicinity in an uproar generally, 
 and everybody on nettles lest they should be made the butts of practical jokes. There was only 
 now and then one who would not take these pranks in good part, and all such were reserved for 
 further tantalization. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 TOWNS AND VILLAGES. 
 
 Fond du Lac County, when town organization was first consummated, was all one town, 
 that of Fond du Lac, as the following imperfect act, passed January 2, 1838, will show : 
 
 Section 34. That the country included within the limits of Fond du L.ac County be and the same is hereby set 
 off into a separate town, by the name of Fond du Lac ; and the polls of election shall be open at the house of 
 — Pyer [Edward Pier]. 
 
 Then, March 8, 1839, a'.iother act was pas.sed, making three towns of the county, as 
 follows : 
 
 Section 41. Fractional townships sixteen and seventeen, in range eighteen, and townships sixteen and seven- 
 teen, in range nineteen, shall be a separate town by the name of Calumet; and the elections in said town shall be 
 holden at George White's store. 
 
 Sec. 42. All that district of country within the limits of Fond du Lac County, not included within the towns 
 of Calumet and Butte des Morts,* shall be a .separate town by the name of Fond du Lac; and the elections in said 
 town shall be holden at the dwelling of M. C. Darling. 
 
 Then, again, by an act approved February 18, 1842, thecounty was divided as explained 
 by this act : 
 
 Section 1. That townships fourteen, fifteen and sixteen, of range sixteen; townships fourteen and fifteen, and 
 fractional township sixteen, of range seventeen, and townships thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, and the south half of town- 
 ship sixteen, of range eighteen, and townships thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, and the south half of township sixteen, of 
 range nineteen, be and the same are hereby organized into a separate town, by the name of Fond du Lac ; and the 
 first election in said town shall be held at the house of ^L C. Darling. 
 
 Sec. 2. That fractional township seventeen and the north half of township sixteen, of range eighteen, and 
 fractional township seventeen and the north half of town[ship] sixteen, of range nineteen, he and the same are 
 hereby organized into a separate town by the name of Calumet; and the first election in said town shall be held at 
 the house of George White. 
 
 Sec. 3. That townships fourteen, fifteen and sixteen, of range fourteen, and townships fourteen, fifteen and 
 sixteen, of range fifteen, be and the same are hereby organized into ,a separate town by the name of Waupun ; and 
 the first election in said town shall be held at the house of Seymour Wilcox. 
 
 ASHFORD. 
 
 This town was first a constituent part of the town of Auburn in its organization, but was 
 set off from it and separately organized in 1849, the first election being held in April of that 
 year, at the house of William Boener, at which Robert F. Adams was elected Chairman, and 
 George Thorn, Town Clerk. 
 
 The territory included in Ashford is Township 13 north, in Range 18 east, of the Govern- 
 ment survey, containing, theoretically, thirty-six sections, or 23,040 acres of land. In reality, 
 it has 23,096^^1^ acres, being 56fVff acres more than thirty-six full sections. Its boundary lines 
 were surveyed by Mullett & Brink, in the first quarter of 1834 and during the second quarter 
 of 1835 ; while its sections and (quarter-sections were run out in the third quarter of the last- 
 mentioned year, by Hiram Burnham. 
 
 The first settlement in Ashford was made in the summer of 1846, by Henry Barnett, 
 Josiah L. Perry, Charles Crownhart, and several others, who settled in the easterly part of the 
 town, near the West Branch of the Milwaukee River, not far from where Crouchville was after- 
 ward located. On their arrival, they found not a human habitation within many miles, except 
 the little beginning commenced by Mr. Crouch. They soon threw up log shanties, and com- 
 menced clearing land for crops for the ensuing year. They had many hardships to meet and 
 
 *Town8hips eighteen and nineteen, in ranges fifteen and sixteen, and fractional townsliips eighteen and nineteen, in range seventei^n, 
 in Batte des Mona. First election at the house of Webster Stanley. 
 
734 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 overcome. The town had neither prairies nor openings ready for the plow, but was everywhere 
 covered with timber. Hard-maple trees were found in abundance, affording rare opportunities 
 for the manufacture of maple sugar. Basswood, ash, elm, oak, hickory, butternut with other 
 kinds of hardwood constituted the forest growth. 
 
 The surface of Ashford is undulating, or, perhaps, it may with propriety be called hilly. 
 The soil is uniformly strong and fertile, and much of it of a warm nature. The hills are under- 
 laid with limestone,, and the soil is clay and loam, with sand, producing good wheat, oats, peas, 
 and other grains, and excellent pasturage. The valleys are alluvial and very fertile ; grain of 
 all kinds has a luxurious growth. These lowlands, when stocked-down, make excellent meadows. 
 The town is well watered — the West Branch of the Milwaukee River running through it from 
 northwest to southeast, receiving several tributaries upon both its sides. Springs and small 
 brooks also abound. 
 
 Among the annoyances which the early settlers had to contend with, was the ferocity of 
 beai's ; these were numerous, and they became bold and frequently dangerous. 
 
 The first death which occurred in Ashford was that of Mrs. Electa Pryor. Her daughter, 
 Mrs. Watson, died so soon after, that they were both buried in the same grave. The first birth 
 was that of C. D. Helmer, in the family of J. E. Helmer. The first marriage was Eleazer 
 Cisco, to jNIiss Fanny Pryor. 
 
 The first school was taught by Miss Calista Colvin, in the house of J. L. Perry, in the 
 summer of 1847. The first religious meeting was held at the house of Henry Barnett ; the ser- 
 mon was preached by Mr. Sears, in 1846. 
 
 Ashford is bounded on the north by the town of Eden, on the east by Auburn, on the south 
 by Wayne, in Washington County, and on the west by Lomira, in Dodge County. 
 
 The Northwestern Union, or Air Line Railroad crosses the northeastern part of this town, 
 entering it at the southeast corner of Section 13, and, after a northwesterly course of over three 
 miles, leaves it on the north line of Section 2, crossing into the town of Eden, on its way to the 
 city of Fond du Lac, ten miles distant. 
 
 Ashford was originally organized as the town of Chili ; but for some reason this name was 
 not satisfactory, and by act of the Legislature, approved January 26, 1854, it was changed to 
 Ashford, which, it is said, was suggested on account of the great quantity of ash timber growing 
 in the town. This name was given by Dr. S. G. Pickett. 
 
 On the 14th of February, 1874, the Ashford Fire Insurance Company was organized with 
 thirty-two members. The towns of Ashford, Auburn and Eden, in Fond du Lac County, and 
 Lomira, Dodge County, compose this company. The meetings are hold annually on the first 
 Monday in January, at the Carter Schoolhouse, in Ashford. The capital stock subscribed at 
 the organization was $37,600 ; the amount insured (1880) is $985,838 ; total losses paid, $4,500 ; 
 percentage of loss, .0112; number of members, fifty-seven. The Presidents have been: A. 
 Dieringer, H. J. Carter and Thomas Coleman, who has held the office since 1876. J. A. 
 Hendricks, of Ashford, has been Secretary since the organization of the company. 
 
 The Chairmen and Town Clerks of Chili and Ashford have been as follows: 1850 — 
 Daniel B. Wilcox and Seth G. Pickett; 1851— D. B. Wilcox and Ely B. Hull; 1852 and 1853 
 — Henry B. Crownhart and Ed. Boener ; 1854 — Peter Johnson and Jacob Haessly ; 1855 — 
 Peter Johnson and E. B. Hull ; 1856 and 1857— Jacob Haessly and John Mauel ; 1858— P. 
 Johnson and J. Mauel ; 1859 — Andrew Hendricks and J. Haessly ; 1860 — Andrew Dieringer 
 and John Mauel; 1861 and 1862 — Joseph Wagner and John Mauel; 1863 — J. Wagner and 
 John Berg; 1864 — A. Dieringer and J. Berg ; 1865, 1866 and 1867 — A. Dieringer and Peter 
 Mauel; 1868— P. Johnson and P. Mauel; 1869 — P. Johnson and J. Berg; 1870— George 
 Anderson and P. Mauel. Since 1870, except for 1877, when George C. Denniston filled the 
 office, Peter Mauel has been Town Clerk. The Chairmen since then have been; 1871 — Jacob 
 Haessly; 1872 and 1873— Peter Johnson ; 1874— Michael Serwe ; 1875, J. A. Hendricks, 
 since which time Michael Thelen has held the office of Chairman. 
 
 The first land was entered in the fall of 1846, by Henry Barnett, in the southeast quarter 
 of Section 11. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU 'LAG COUNTY. 735 
 
 The first settler in the northwestern portion of the town was E. Welton. He was also 
 one of the first Postmasters in Ashford. 
 
 The first frame house was built by R. F. Adams. 
 
 Ashford. — This village (Ellmore Post Office) was formerly called Leglerville, after its 
 founder, Ulrich Legler, who platted it and built a saw-mill in 1857. He also built a grist-mill 
 here in 1861, on the West Branch of the Milwaukee River. In 1867, the Evangelical Reformed 
 Church erected a building here for worship, having one, also, at New Cassel. The first Post- 
 master was C. F. Brokmeyer ; the present Postmaster is William Reinhartt. The village 
 contains a store, saloon, vfagon-shop, meat market, shoe store, tailor-shop and blacksmith-shop. 
 
 Camtbellsport. — This village and post office had a very recent and novel birth. The Air 
 Line Railway folks desired to establish a station on H. B. Martin's farm of 120 acres. Section 13. 
 He would sell no fractional part, but offered the whole of his fiirm for $10,000. Stuart Campbell 
 purchased the farm, gave the railroad company three acres, the company afterward buying three 
 more, and platted a village. Jacob Haessly named the place Campbellsport, in August, 1873, 
 on the day the deed for Martin's farm was signed, in honor of its public-spirited founder. It 
 is now a thrifty village. The first lot was sold to J. M. Saeraan, and the second to James 
 McCulloch, who built thereon the first store. Mr. Saeman built the third store and second 
 warehouse. All of the original plat, except sixty-three acres, has been sold in village lots. 
 
 The first organization of Methodists was in December, 1862, and meetings were held in 
 the Carter Schoolhouse. The organizers were, some of them, J. N. McSchooler and wife, L. 
 Norton and wife, William L. Andrews and wife, George Mosher and wife and Leonard Goodax. 
 Regular services were not held until the present edifice was erected in 1875, at a cost of $3,200. 
 The members number'over forty. The building committee was composed of J. N. McSchooler, 
 W. Saeman and William S. Hendricks. The first organization was by Rev. McFarland. and 
 the first Trustees, in 1862, were: J. N. McSchooler, President; W. L. Andrews, William 
 Dusenbury, Stuart Campbell, W. S. Hendricks and M. Saeman. Mr. McSchooler is still 
 President, the other Trustees being John Huges, F. A. Rosco, J. H. Denniston, W. L. Andrews, 
 S. Campbell and W. S. Hendricks. A Union Sabbath School, begun in 1862, at the Carter 
 Schoolhouse, is still in existence. 
 
 Wickfr Lodge, No. 13S, I. 0. 0. F., was organized January 8, 1868, by G. M. Cheeney, 
 of Janesville. The charter members were S. L. Marston, I. S. Sheldon, E. P. Odekirk, D. Wilcox, 
 R. Romaine, G. Romaine, T. F. Gage, M. H. Flint and Mr. Hancock. The Lodge, which now 
 numbers fifty working members and owns $1,200 in property, including the hall and lot, was 
 named after Grand Warden Wicker. The first officers were : S. L. Marston, N. G.; M. H. 
 Flint, V. G.; E. P. Odekirk, R. S.; Mr. Hancock. P. S.; G. Romaine, Treasurer. Present 
 officers : G. C. Denniston, N. G.; T. F. Wicker, V. G.; E. P. Coburn, R. S.; C. F. Ladwig, 
 P. S.; E. F. Martin, Treasurer. 
 
 New Cassel Lodge, L. 0. G. T., was first organized as the old Ashford and Auburn 
 Lodge, by S. G. Pickett and wife, J. E. Helmer. E. P. Odekirk, William and S. Tuttle, H. 
 Burnett, Martin Dyer and others, who belonged to the Kewaskum Lodge, organized in 1859. 
 S. G. Pickett was the first W. G. T.; Mrs. E. P. Odekirk, W. V. T., and George Pickett, 
 W. S. The twenty-eight members soon grew to two hundred, and met weekly in what is now 
 Odd Fellows' Hall. The war took so many members away that the charter was finally sur- 
 rendered. In 1872, however, J. S. Thompson began open temperance meetings, which, Decem- 
 ber 11, 1874, resulted in the organization, by Deputy G. W. C. T. Ross, of the present strong 
 Lodge, with thirty-one charter members. J. S. Thompson was the first W. C. T. Meetings 
 were held in Odd Fellows' and Yancy's Halls until 1877, when a hall, costing $1,000, was 
 erected by the Lodge, under supervision of J. S. Thompson, H. Darrow and A. H. Miller. 
 The first $50 was raised by the ladies, who held sociables and made fancy work for that pur- 
 pose. The hall is 28x55x1-1 feet, and will seat two hundred. It is an ornament to the village. 
 The Lodge now numbers one hundred, mostly young people. 
 
736 HISTOKY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 New Cassel and Campbellsport Turnverein was organized November 18, 1878, by Dr. L. 
 Eidemiller, Adam Holzhauer and others. The first officers were : D. Gude.x, President; A. 
 Holzhauer, Treasurer ; P. Tillack, Secretary ; L. Eidemiller, Turnwart. The society now has 
 forty members. Meetings are held on Friday evenings, in Good Templars' Hall. Pi-esent 
 oflicers : L. Eidemiller, President; John Schrooten, Vice President ; M. Herbert, Secretary; 
 J. Dagenhardt, Treasurer; J. Terlinden, First Turnwart, and A. Fuchs, Second Turnwart. 
 
 The Nejv Casjsel and Campbellsport Literary Society, with a membership of twenty, is in 
 a flourishing condition. Its entertainments consist of lectures, debates, readings and affairs in 
 that line. It was first organized in 1879. 
 
 Campbellsport has a large local trade. In the place are one drug store, four general stores, 
 one elevator, two warehouses, two lumber-yards, two wagon and blacksmith shops, pump- 
 factory, boot and shoe store, harness-shop, barber-shop, furniture store, two tailor-shops, meat- 
 market, picture-gallery, cheese-factory, cigar-factory, two saloons and three hotels — Railroad 
 House, New Cassel House and Central Hotel. S. L. Marston is the only physician and S. C. 
 Matteson the only lawyer in the place. Piatt Durand is Postmaster. 
 
 AUBURN. 
 
 In the southeast corner of Fond du Lac County lies the town of Auburn. It is bounded 
 on the north by the town of Osceola, east by Scott, in Sheboygan County; south by Kewaskum, 
 in Washington County, and west by Ashford, in the county of Fond du Lac. It contains 
 thirty-six sections of land, but these are not all full sections. The actual number of acres in 
 the town is 22,901.99, being 138.01 acres less than the full 36 sections — 23,040 acres. The 
 territory of Auburn includes that platted by the United States as Township 13 north, in Range 
 19 east. The township lines were run during the first quarter of the year 1884, by Mullett & 
 Brink. It was subdivided into sections and quarter-sections during the second quarter of 1835, 
 by Deputy Surveyor Hiram Burnham. By him the lake on Sections 10 and 15 was called 
 " Crooked Lake ; " the one on Sections 11, 12, 13 and 14 was named " Off-Set Lake. " But these 
 names were not retained. 
 
 The face of Auburn is smooth in appearance, though not level in surface ; it is gently undulat- 
 ing, with ascents and declivities of various heights and depths. The streams of water — of which 
 the. principal are the three branches of Milwaukee River — flow with a strong current. Lying 
 as it does within the broad belt of heavy-timbered land skirting the northerly part of the western 
 shore of Lake Micliigan, the territory now included in the town of Auburn presented to the 
 eye, in its natural state, neither prairie, openings, nor hay marsh — nothing but continuous woods. 
 The forest trees proclaimed the excellence and fertility of the soil which sustained their growth ; 
 the principal of which were sugar-maple, basswood, elm, black ash, white ash, red oak, white 
 oak, hickory and butternut. The large groves of sugar-maple offered excellent opportunities for 
 manufacturing maple sugar. 
 
 The soil of this town is a deep, black, sandy loam, with a mixture of marl, 'and a subsoil 
 of reddish clay. In early spring, when the county was first settled, the ground in the woods 
 became covered with grass and herbage, giving good support to cattle before vegetation was 
 developed in cultivated fields. Many of the farms of Auburn have living springs upon them, 
 which send their running waters to swell the outlet of Long Lake and the three branches of the 
 Milwaukee River. The soil is rich in those properties which make it warm, productive and 
 durable. The different varieties of grain are cultivated with success, while the growth of grass 
 is generally excellent. The Northwestern Union Railroad crosses the southwestern corner ot 
 Auburn in its northwesterly course toward Fond du Lac, entering it near'the center of the south 
 line of Section 32, and leaving it at the northwest corner of Section 19, crossing into the town 
 of Ashford. 
 
 The first settlement in this town was made in 1846 by Ludin Crouch and John Howell, on 
 the spot afterward occupied by Crouchville, now New Cassel. Here Mr. Crouch built a log 
 shanty and then commenced building a saw-mill. The same year, there was a small settlement 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 737 
 
 made in the neighborhood by J. 0. Baldwin, J. L. Perry, C. Crownhart, Rev. H. A. Sears and 
 others, but some of them settled across the line in what is now Ashford. In February, 1847, 
 Roswell Hill purchased a lot on the west side of the Milwaukee River, near what was subse- 
 quently Crouchville, built a house, and, in July following, removed his family into it. Alamon 
 Wheeler, Seward Wilcox and Harvey Woodworth soon located in the same neighborhood. 
 Several other settlements were made in different parts, and, that year, the town of Auburn was 
 organized, its territory including, also, the present town of Ashford.* At the first election, held 
 at Mr. Crouch's mill, there were twenty votes polled. Ludin Crouch was elected Chairman, 
 and Hiram Hatch, Town Clerk. 
 
 The first marriage was C- Hemenway to Harriet Hall in December, 1847. 
 
 The first school taught in Auburn was in the summer of 1848, in the house of Mr. Crouch, 
 by Miss Maria Bristol. Mrs. Crouch taught the school the next year. 
 
 The first death was that of Mrs. J. 0. Baldwin in 1846 or 1847. Rev. Harvey A. Sears 
 preached the funeral sermon. 
 
 The first stock of goods — general merchandise — was opened in the fall of 1849, probably, 
 at Crouchville. 
 
 Auburn was named "by R. F. Adams and brother, after Auburn, N. Y., their native place. 
 
 Michael McCulloch was the first Irish settler; Philip Oelig and Gerhardt Volkerts, the 
 first German settlers in' Auburn. 
 
 The most notable event in the history of this town was the tornado of July 4, 1873, which 
 killed one person and laid waste forests, crops, buildings, fences and other property in large 
 amounts. 
 
 The first election after Auburn and Ashford were separated, was in April, 1849, at which 
 twenty-seven votes were cast. T. S. Wilcox was elected Chairman; M. Buckland, Clerk; A. 
 W. Wheeler, Assessor; C. D. Gage, Collector, and M. Miller, Superintendent of Schools. 
 
 New Prospect. — This is called "Jersey" because its first settlers came from New Jersey. 
 The first Postmaster was B. Romaine, who held the office twenty years, being appointed proba- 
 bly in 1859. He was with Gen. Scott in the Mexican war. In 1877, a two-story building for 
 a schoolhouse and church was built on Mr. Van Blarcom's farm. The church is non-sectarian. 
 
 Eblesville. — This village was founded by Andrew Eble, who came from Milwaukee, in 
 1855, purchased the water-power and built a saw-mill. He was accidentally shot on Christmas, 
 1859. The New Fane Post Office, established on the line between Sections 29 and 30 in 1851, 
 by T. S. Wilcox, was moved to Eblesville in 1875. The village consists of a saw and feed mill, 
 two stores, Lutheran Church, built in 1871, and the usual number of shops. 
 
 New Cassel. — This is an old village; has the honor of being the first settlement in the 
 towns of Auburn and Ashford. Ludin Crouch, a school teacher from •' York State," came to the 
 spot from Waukesha, in February, 1846, camping over night with an Indian named Weh-aug- 
 wok-na. He was in search of a water-power, and had followed up the Milwaukee River. Here 
 he found the desired power and returned to Waukesha. As soon as spring came, Mr. Crouch 
 and his brother-in-law, John Howell, returned to the spot and erected a log wigwam, with shaker 
 roof and puncheon floor — the first white man's domicile in the present towns of Ashford and 
 Auburn. Mr. C. entered 160 acres of land on the west side of the stream (Middle Branch 
 of Milwaukee River), and Mr. H., eighty acres on the opposite side. These two were joined 
 in June, by H. Barnett and J. L. Perry, with their wives. The dam was then begun. C. 
 Crownhart and wife came next, and during the year, J. O. Baldwin and wife, E. B. Hall and 
 wife, Joseph Johnson and wife, C. and R. Hemenway, L. Pryor, William Brown, C. North, 
 H. Hatch, J. E. Helmer and wife, William Pool and wife, Adin Nelson and wife, T. S. Wilcox 
 and others. The village plat was surveyed by John Bannister, and after a celebration gotten 
 up by the three ladies then in the settlement, July 4, 1846, the place was formally named 
 Crouchville. In 1856, Emil Brayman changed the name to New Cassel, in honor of Hesse- 
 Cassel, his birthplace. Some of these early settlers claimed by Crouchville actually located 
 
 * The first settlement of .\shford and .Vubum being so near to the line now dividing the two, it is no wonder there is a dispute aa to who 
 were first settlers in each. 
 
T38 HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 just over the line in what is now Ashford. Crouch's saw-mill, the first in the vicinity, was put 
 in motion in the fall of 1846, anil did good service for the settlers. Lumber was scarce, and 
 what was not wanted for home use brougiit a good price at Taycheedah. The Hemenway 
 brothers, millwrights, first used it without roof or sides. It changed hands many times before 
 going into disuse. In 1856, Emil Brayman purchased 160 acres including the mill, and raised 
 the frame of the present flouring-mill. He failed, and the mill stood incomplete and unused 
 until about 1863, when the Hirsch brothers finished and put it into operation. It has since 
 changed hands several times, A. Colburn &, Sons, the present proprietors, finally making it one 
 of tlie best mills in the county. 
 
 New Cassel Post Office was called Auburn for many years. It was changed to New Cassel 
 in 18.56. Squire Crownhart was the first Postmaster, keeping the office in his tavern at Crown- 
 hart's Corners. The Postmasters have been, Marion iJuckland, S. C. Matteson, Seth G. 
 Pickett, Adin Nelson, Emil Brayman, Mrs. Emil Brayman, S. Hirsch. who kept it in his mill, 
 P. Berkhauser, David Gude.x, F. M. Findeisen, and William Pool, Jr., appointed August 3, 
 1870. 
 
 The Baptist Church society is comparatively an old one. The first services were held in 
 the fall of 1846, in H. Barnett's house, by Rev. H. A. Sears. In 1852 an organization was formed 
 in the schoolhouse at the five corners, town of Auburn. R. F. Adams was elected Deacon and 
 Clerk. In 1866, the present edifice, costing $2,200, was built under the supervision of J. E. 
 Helraer, Henry Barnett and C. Yancy, Building Committee. The first preacher in the town, 
 Rev. H. A. Sears, is the present Pastor. The Trustees are F. W. Tanner, President and Treas- 
 urer ; F. Borchert, Clerk, and William Scheid. 
 
 The Evangelical Reformed Church was organized and built a log place of worship, in 1855, 
 in the south part of Ashford. The leaders in the work were Ulricli Legler, John Senn, U. 
 Gundel, and others. In 1867, they built the present edifice in New Cassel. The first Pastor 
 was Rev. Reine, the present is Rev. Charles Huicker. 
 
 The Roman Catholic Church is now the richest in New Cassel. The first services were 
 held by Father Dael, of Fond du Lac, in Owen Bannon's house. James Kramer, J. Guippe, 
 C. Becker, 0. Bannon, T. Hoy, M. McCulloch and others composed the ' first organization. 
 The first attempt to build a house failed. In 1866, however, the congregatioii having been 
 re-organized in 1865, the church edifice was erected; soon after, a pastoral residence was built 
 by Father Michels. Since 1872, when Father A. Michels took charge, additions costing $1,800 
 have been made, the debt of $1,100 cancelled, and in 1874, St. Joseph's Convent built, at a 
 cost of $10,000. This was erected for the Sisters of St. Francis, who numbered eighty-five. 
 They teach a boarding-school in the Convent building, and a parochial school in a building near 
 the church. They also teach music, needlework and all useful branches. The church numbers 
 ninety fimilies. A new parochial school building, 30x54 feet, two stories high, will be built 
 during 1880. 
 
 In 1846, 0. R. Potter sold the first goods in New Cassel, then Crouchville. 
 
 The Adams House was built in 1869, by Adam Holzhauer, who opened the first hotel in 
 New Cassel, in 1856. 
 
 BYRON. 
 
 The first settlement in the town of Byron was in the year 1889 ; John Case and Oscar 
 Pier, Patrick Kelley and William Stewart, selected a position and commenced the improvement 
 of a neighborhood a little east of the middle of the north line of the town. Their location 
 embraced a desirable variety of rich prairie, warm and fertile oak openings, and a beautiful 
 grove of forest timber, with a small brook flowing through it. John Parsons, arriving direct 
 from England, located upon a lot about a mile farther west. James Balson and Samuel Butler 
 settled in this neighborhood in the fall of 1842. In the summer of 1844, John Potts, with his 
 wife and four children, removed from the State of New York to Mound Prairie, in Byron. He 
 set up crotches, upon which he laid long poles. He used prairie grass for a covering to this rude 
 structure, and hung up blankets for its sides. Here he and his family were domiciled until he 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 741 
 
 could build a house, obtaining hands from about ten miles distant to assist in rolling up the logs. 
 Another settlement was soon after commenced by Hiram Merriam, Jabez C. Clemens and Jonas 
 C. Reynolds, the last mentioned arriving in November. 
 
 These pioneers on Mound Prairie, were, many of them, nearly destitute of capital when 
 they arrived at their new homes. They were able, however, to purchase some cows, which were 
 then very cheap in Illinois. They put their cows together for a team ; broke up the prairie land, 
 and planted corn on the sod in the spring. They realized a good harvest, and, although they 
 met with some inconveniences, felt they were getting rich. In 1845, Messrs. Bullock, Churchill 
 and Roan settled in the southeasterly part of the town, and in the month following, Sumner 
 Sweet and Joseph Nightingale came into the same neighborhood. They were joined the same 
 season by several others. Rev. Mr. Vaughn and some friends from the county of Genesee, N. 
 Y., settled near Oakfield, and formed what was called the " Genesee neighborhood." 
 
 The early settlers in Byron shared in all the privations and difficulties so common in new 
 countries. They raised grain in abundance, but found it very difficult to get it ground ; the 
 few milh in this region were small and could not supply the demand. For several years the 
 settlers went to Watertown, a distance of forty miles, to get their grinding done. The roads 
 •were bad, and they had to wait several days to get their grists. Mr. Vaughn once sent his son 
 to mill, and told him to wait for'his "grinding; " he was gone ten days. Mr. Reynolds once 
 paid $14.50 for the milling of twenty bushels, and did not think it more than an average cost. 
 
 Byron was organized in 1846. William Stewart was elected Chairman, and Orrin Morris, 
 at whose house the fii'st election was held. Town Clerk. Its boundary lines were run by Mullett 
 & Brink during the first quarter of 1834 and the second quarter of 1835. Hiram Burnham 
 ran out the sections and quarter-sections in the third quarter of the last-mentioned year. The 
 town has for its territory the whole of Township 14 north, in Range 17 cast, of the Govern- 
 ment survey. It contains 23,122/^^ acres of land. The town is bounded on the north by 
 Fond du Lac ; on the east by Eden ; on the south by Lomira, in Dodge County, and on the west 
 by Oakfield. The face of the country, before improvements began, presented a pleasing variety 
 of prairie, oak openings, marsh and timber land, undulated with gentle ascents and declivities. 
 There is, however, one bold elevation where " the ridge " passes through the town, which, in sev- 
 eral places, breaks out with a rugged front. Springs and brooks are frequent, but not as abundant 
 in this as in some of the other towns of the county. The springs furnish some of the head- 
 waters of the east branch of Fond du Lac River. The southern part of Fond du Lac Prairie 
 stretches into Byron. Mound Prairie, near the center of the town, is more elevated, lying above 
 the ridge. The soil is generally fertile and easy of tillage, the more elevated part of the town 
 being dry and warm. 
 
 The first birth which occurred in Bj^ron was that of Eliza, daughter of William Stewart, 
 about tiie last of the year 1840. The first school taught was in the summer of 1843, in Mr. 
 Butler's corn-barn, by Miss jMary Butler, afterward Mrs. F. Tallmadge. The first death was 
 that of a German woman, in the summer of 1845. She came into the house of Joseph Nightin- 
 gale — was greatly distressed ; said she had just drunk heartily at the cold spring near by ; lay 
 down on a bench and immediately expired. Her name or place of residence was never learned. 
 Tlie first religious societies formed in Byron were Baptists, Methodists and Wesleyans. At the 
 first town election, held April 7, 1846, it was voted that the officers chosen serve gratis. There 
 were 34 votes polled — 18 in favor of a State government and 16 against it. At the second 
 election, held April 6, 1847, a motion to allow Orrin Morris $16.50 for stationery as Town 
 Clerk was lost, as was also a motion to allow C. P. Piielps $10 for serving as Assessor. 
 At this election, 43 votes were cast against and 26 in favor of license; 43 in favor of, and 71 
 against the Constitution, and 43 in favor of and 33 against equal suffrage. Patrick Kelley and 
 his fimily, who settled in Byron in September, 1839, were the first Irish to make Fond du Lac 
 County a permanent home. The first German in Byron was Phillip Bodemar. The first 
 schoolhouse was erected at the expense of five men, in 1841, on land donated by Patrick Kel- 
 ley. The first preaching in the town was in this schoolhouse. The "Ledge" passes through 
 
 T 
 
742 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Byron, on which, in Sections 20 and 29, is located the M. E. camp-ground, not far from the 
 Narrow-Gauge Railway. In the vicinity of this camp-ground are many interesting natural curi- 
 osities in the line of mighty masses of rent limestone and winding passage-ways into the 
 " Ledge." Very large and cold spring* are also found near this spot. The Chairmen and 
 Town Clerks have been : 1846, William Stewart and Orrin Morris ; 1847, William Stewart 
 and D. W. Cruthers ; 1848-49-50, the same ; 1851, D. C Brooks and Franklin Nye ; 1852, 
 D. C. Brooks and Emerson Fay ; 1853, Henry Conklin and E. Fay ; 1854, H. Conklin and 
 Joseph Noyes ; 1855, C. B. Brown and J. Noycs ; 1856, B. R. Harrington and J. Noyes ; 
 1857, F. Nye and D. W. Cruthers ; 1858, F. Nye and Alfred Bliss ; 1859, J. M. Adams and 
 A. Bliss ; 1860, N. C. Lewis and A. Bliss ; 1861, C. P. Phelps and A. Bliss ; 1862, N. C. 
 Lewis and A. Bliss ; 1863, D. D. Jones and A. Bliss ; 1864, Henry Bush and A. Bliss ; 
 1865, E. A. Cook and A. Bliss; 1866-67-68-69, Delos Allen and A. Bliss; 1870, D. D. 
 Treleven and F. Nye; 1871, D. D. Treleven and A. Bliss ; 1872, John Bell and Delos Allen ; 
 1873, John Bell and A. Bliss ; 1874-75, John Bell and Delos Allen ; 1876, John Bell and 
 George Radliff ; 1877, John Bell and D. Allen ; 1878, John Bell and F. Nye ; 1879, John 
 Bell and John Lonergan. 
 
 At Byron Post Office, on Section 22, is a good town hall. 
 
 CALUMET. 
 
 The town of Calumet, so called from the Menomonee Indian village ("Pipe") of the 
 same name, formerly located on the northeast quarter of Section 27, is the northeast town of 
 Fond du Lac County, and contains 19,146.91 acres of land, as follows : In Township 
 16 north, of Range 18 east, 2,307.56 acres ; in Township 17 north, of Range 18 east, 
 4,742.13 acres ; in Township 17 north, of Range 19 east, 12,097.22 acres ; total 19,146.91 
 acres. It is bounded on the north by Calumet County ; on the east by the same county and 
 the town of Marshfield in Fond du Lac County ; on the south by the towns of Marshfield and 
 Taycheedah, and on the west by Winnebago Lake. 
 
 The three sections numbered 1, 2 and 3, and the fractional section numbered 4 in Town- 
 ship 16 north, in Range 18 east, in the town of Calumet, were surveyed (as was the remainder 
 of that township) by Nehemiah King and C. T. V. King, during the second quarter of the 
 year 1835 : but the sections and quarter-sections in the fractional Township 17 north, in Range 
 18 east, also those in the fractional Township 17 north, in Range 19 east, were surveyed by A. 
 G. Ellis, in the last quarter of 1834. The township lines were run by Mullett & Brink during 
 the first half of the last-mentioned year. 
 
 Deputy Surveyor A. G. Ellis, in speaking of the northwestei'n portion of what is now 
 the town of Calumet (fractional Township 17 north, in Range 18 east), says : " This frac- 
 tional township must be considered as first-rate and valuable land. It consists almost wholly of 
 extensive oak openings and dry and wet prairies. The soil is first rate — a mixture of red 
 loam and black sand. Its position (east side and above the center of Winnebago Lake) gives it 
 an additional value. The stream entering [the lake] at [a little distance southwest of] ' Pipe 
 Village,' though small and barred at the mouth, is nevertheless larjie enough for a harbor for 
 boats ; and a small pier at the mouth would deepen the water so that it might be entered. The 
 banks are high and beautiful, and ' Pipe Village ' is a beautiful site." This was written upon 
 the spot over a year before there was a white settler in Fond du Lac County. 
 
 The same writer, in November, 1834, in speaking of what is now the eastern portion of 
 the town of Calumet (south half of Township 17 nortii. Range 19 east), says: '' That part of 
 this fractional township lying east of the stream (Manitowoc River) is rather low, though on the 
 whole it may be considered first rate land. The soil is very deep and rich, with fewer stones 
 than are found farther east. The stream is sluggish and muddy. No wild animals ford it. The 
 marsh has on it deep water, and the grass is very thin. West of the stream the land is 
 higli and mostly openings, with a suitable quantity of good timber, and water in small prairies. 
 Numerous trees were observed to have been cut here, by Indians, for honey-bees." Seeing 
 this region before any portion of it was cultivated, such were his impressions. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 743 
 
 The first settlement in Calumet was made in 1837, near what was afterward known as 
 Pipe Village, by Rev. George White, William Urmston and a Mr. Norton, Mr. White, how- 
 ever, locating there first. About the same time or a little later, a company of Germans settled 
 in the north part of the town, which then formed a part of Calumet County. In 1 840, this 
 part was, on application being made to the Legislature of the Territory, by George White, set 
 off from Calumet and joined to Fond du Lac County. The town was organized March 8, 
 1839, including a large territory. It was re-organized in 1842, the first election being held in 
 April of that year, at Mr. White's house. George White was elected Chairman, and Charles 
 Amidon, Clerk. The town is watered by springs and brooks, some of which help to form the 
 Manitowoc River, while the waters of others flow into Winnebago Lake. At the present 
 time, as well as when in its native wildness, no country in the State has a more pleasing 
 aspect than that high, dry, rich portion of Calumet which lies just back from the shore of Lake 
 Winnebago. It is the most picturesque town in Fond du Lac County. In 1851, Herman 
 Heeson erected a large stone flouring-mill close to the lake shore a little below Pipe Village, 
 and, in 1854, Mr. Allen erected, on the road from Taycheedah to Pipe Village, another flouring- 
 mill, to run by water carried high in the air to a very large "overshot" wheel.* In 1838 and 
 1»39, Pipe Village was much more of a business center than Fond du Lac, as it contained a 
 store of goods for Indian trading, and the Germans wex"e coming in very rapidly, many of them 
 bringing considerable capital ; and at one time the town of Calumet cast more votes than the 
 village and very large town of Fond du Lac. The "Ledge" extends through this town nearly 
 parallel with the lake shore; and, besides being in early days the refuge of numberless snakes 
 and wild animals, was the source of numerous beautiful springs, a famous resort for nut and 
 grape gatherers and the seat of fine stone-quarries and lime-kilns. In Calumet the roads are 
 unusually good; fruit trees are easily cultivated and bear in comparative abundance, and graz- 
 ing for sheep is especially good. While the yield of wheat per acre may not equal that of some 
 other towns, the quality is always unsurpassed. 
 
 Rev. George White, the first permanent settler in Calumet, now well advanced beyond 
 fourscore years, is a clerk in the Pension OSice at Washington. 
 
 Calumet Village, with its large local trade, is partly in Calumet County. It is in the midst 
 of a rich farming country, and is pleasantly located near Lake Winnebago. 
 
 Marytown is a hamlet and post office in the easteim portion of the town. It has a good 
 grist-mill, blacksmith-shop, and other village concomitants. St. Mary's Church is south of the 
 village, on Section 27, and St. John's Church east, on Section SO. Both are Catholic and 
 prosperous. 
 
 Pipe Village, on Section 26, called Calumet Harbor Post Office, is a place of resort in 
 summer. It has a very large hotel, is near the lake and in the midst of the most beautiful 
 farming country in the whole West. 
 
 EMPIRE. 
 
 Empire, Township 15 north, Range 18 east, originally was a portion of Taycheedah, and 
 it is difficult, therefore, to separate the early history of the former from that of the latter. 
 Gov. Doty entered the first land in Empire and caused to be built the first frame house in 
 Fond du Lac County, on what is now the Wells farm, on Section 7 — possibly on Section 8, in 
 1838. This house was mostly built by the Piers and Joseph Olmsted. The first school- 
 house in the county was also built in Empire, but never was used for school purposes, owing to 
 a greater number of scholars living at Taycheedah. The building was of logs, and erected by 
 G. de Neveu and others. The first permanent settlers were probably Mr. de Neveu and his 
 hired help — the family of A. T. Denniston, who worked the large de Neveu farm, unless one 
 of the La Bordes had taken up a residence within what is now Empire a few months earlier. 
 But all this time Empire belonged to Taycheedah. In March, 1851, the Legislature passed an 
 act erecting all of Township 15, Range 18, e.>:cept Sections 1 to 6, both inclusive, into the 
 
 * Now iu the toWD of Tuyrbeetiah. 
 
744 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 town of Empire, the first election to be held at the Meiklejohn schoolhouse. The town, there- 
 fore, contains only thirty sections ; but the west tier of sections overruns to the extent of about 
 one hundred and eight acres, making the town contain 19,308 acres. The southeast portion 
 was originally heavily timbered. Fond du Lac prairie laps on to its northwest corner. The 
 " Ledge" extends the whole distance across its west side. The east and some of the south por- 
 tions abound in hay marshes, and the balance is composed of oak openings. The soil is warm 
 and quick. Springs, some of them very large, abound in great numbers, especially along the 
 Ledge. A very large one exists on F. M. Phelps' farm; another on the farm of G. de Neveu ; 
 one or more on David Gidding's farm ; a very large and peculiar one on the old Henry Conklin 
 place, and another on the old Joiin Westervelt farm. Streams in the east flow through She- 
 boygan River to Lake Michigan, while those from the west flow into Lake Winnebago. Stone 
 quarries and limekilns abound, and the surfice is broken in many sections where the ridge of 
 limestone crops out, being too rough and barren for cultivation. These localities are, however, 
 profitably used as sheep pastures, or as sources oF wood, building-stone and lime. On 
 Section 17 is a woolen-mill, whose machinery is turned by water. It is near G. W. Carpenter's 
 residence ; is known as the Empire Woolen JNIills, and turns out an excellent quality of goods. 
 It is now the only factory of the kind in Fond du Lac County. 
 
 A beautiful sheet of water, known as de Neveu Lake, named after G. de Neveu, who first 
 purchaseil it of the Government, lies in Sections 30 and 31 of tiiis town. It abounds in bass, 
 perch and pickerel; has had other fish put in by artificial means, and is a resort where thousands 
 "camp out,' or have good summer-houses during the heated term. 
 
 In 1847, Miss E. Maxwell taught a school near the Lyons place. In 1854, the town con- 
 tained three schoolhouses, and in 1880 it contained seven ; all modest structures, but in good 
 repair. Peter Vandervoort, an authorized Methodist exhorter, who settled in the adjoining 
 town of Eden, hclil the first religion? services in Henry Conklin's very large log house. The 
 first births were not far apart, in 1839, in the families of G. de Neveu, A. T. Denniston and 
 Luke La Borde. They were the very first, except John A. Bannister, in the county. 
 
 In addition to [lenty of hardwood fuel, good building stone, and good brick-clay. Empire 
 has rich peat beds, tliough none of them were ever worked. No town, unless it is Calumet, 
 in the eastern portion of the county, is more favorable for apples, grapes and other fruits. The 
 difl'eient Chairmen since 18."jl have been: F. S. Crans, John Y. Westervelt, J. E. Fisher, John 
 Berry, A. T. Germond, John Meiklejohn, Jairics II. llaight, G. S. Wilson, Edward Ray, Edward 
 Coluian, James Laferty and John Wiley. The Town Cleiks have been: A. S. Wilson, James 
 A. Fisher, G. S. Wilson, George Keys, James Laferty, John Campbell, A. II. Carpenter and 
 Alexander Campbell. 
 
 Empire has no railroads, and but one post office and one church edifice. 
 
 Ricnzi Cemetery, the finest in the county, is in this town, on Sections 18 and 19. 
 
 The first grist-mill in the county was erected in Empire, on Section '22, by Henry Conklin. 
 
 Empire 31. E. Church. — On the Cth of March, 1850, the Methodists of the town met to 
 devise means for building a church. Logs wore hauled, but the enterprise ended at this point, the 
 timber rotting on the ground, on the siteof the present edifice, Section 33. In 1866, the project 
 was revived. Tlicron Berry donated the ground, and a dontitiou of §200, by Hannah Thorne, of 
 Lockport, N. Y., was followed by liberal subscriptions from others in Byron and Empire, and 
 the edifice, costing $3,000, was built. Dedication took place July 28, 1867. The first Pastor, 
 who also aided greatly in securing the erection of the building, was Rev. J. W. La Fever. The 
 first Trustees were John Berry, A. T. Germond, II. Westervelt, B. White, R. Willis, Thomas 
 Mayhew, L. II. Jennings. W. M. Dusenbury, John Vinton. The first Stewards were J. 
 Ben-y, W. M. Dusenbury and William Edwards. The church never was in debt. 
 
 Empire Cemetery. — This Cemetery Association was organized July 10, 1852: John Berry, 
 Sr., President ; T. J. Dougherty, Secretary, and E. Vincent, Treasurer. One acre of land was 
 bought near the M. E. Church, of J. V. Jewell. A few years later another acre was purchased, 
 and m 1879 two acres more were added. It is tastefully platted and decorated. T. Berry is 
 President, A. T. Germond, Secretary, and II. Westervelt, Treasurer. 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU l-.VC COUNTY. 745 
 
 EDEN. 
 
 In a southeasterly direction from Fond du Lac, bounded on the north by Empire, east by 
 Osceola, south by Ashford and west by Byron, lies the town of Eden — named after the habita- 
 tion of our first parents. Two ridges of limestone, suitable for building material, extend north 
 and south through the town. Otherwise the surface is gently undulating, and was originally 
 composed of prairies, wide hay mirshes, rather small oak openings and limited belts of heavy 
 timber. In early days, wild plums, cranberries, grapes and crab-apples grew in abundance 
 and were unusually large and edible. The highest point of land in Fond du Lac County is 
 said to be on Section 16 in this town, being 352 feet above Lake Winnebago and about five 
 hundred feet above Lake Michigan. There are several large springs in Eden, and several lakes, 
 in which fish and waterfowl, in season, are abundant. The soil is not alike in all sections, but 
 is generally of a deep, rich loam, with a subsoil of limestone gravel. Farmers can follow 
 almost any branch of agriculture with equal and satisfactory success. The town is well watered 
 by springs, lakes, the West Branch of Milwaukee River, and other small streams, some of 
 which flow north and some south. The lake in which the branch of Milwaukee River takes its 
 rise, flowing nearly south, has another outlet on the north, which flows into Lake Winnebago : 
 and streams in the south part find their way into the Gulf of Mexico, through Rock and Mis- 
 sissippi Rivers. 
 
 The mounds, pottery, earthenware and various peculiar articles found in this town, make 
 itj a peculiarly rich and interesting field for the archteologist. These i-elics of an ancient and 
 extinct race have been found in no other town in this vicinity in such profusion and variety. 
 
 Joseph Carr is generally conceded to be the first permanent settler in what is now Eden, 
 though he did not enter the first land. In November, 1845, he began building a log house, 
 which was the foundation for the first settlement in the town. In February following, Samuel 
 Rand and Peter Vandervoort came with their families, and immediately put up log houses. 
 The first crops were raised in 1847, and they were of such abundance as to exceed the most 
 sanguine expectations of the hopeful settlers. That fall, settlers began to arrive rapidly, or 
 select locations on which to locate in the spring. Therefore, in April. 1848, by authority of 
 an act passed March 11, 1848, a meeting was held at the house of Peter Vandervoort and town 
 officers chosen. Peter Vandervoort was chosen Chairman, and Samuel Rand Town Clerk. 
 The year before, or some time before, a meeting was held to name the town. The proceedings 
 are thus recorded: "Adam Holiday, an eccentric character, arose to propose a name. After 
 commenting on the many beauties of the place, the richness of the soil, the abundance of fruits 
 and flowers, and the beautiful woods and fields, he remarked that Adam dwelt in the garden of 
 Eden, and that there were holy days there." Therefore, amid some merriment, the town was 
 named Eden. 
 
 The first child born in the town was a daughter of Adam Holiday, in 1847. The first boy 
 born in the town, who also voted in it, was John L. Martin, now of Fond du Lac. The first 
 religious service was at Peter Vandervoort's house, in August, 184(3, by Rev. Dickinson. Mr. 
 Vandervoort began preaching the same year. The first marriage ceremony was that uniting 
 Margaret Bell to a Mr. Baldwin, in 1848, and was performed by Rev. M. L. Noble. The town 
 of Eden is settled largely by a fine class of Irish in the south, though Dutchess County New 
 Yorkers, Germans and some New Englanders form important elements in the population. In 
 1850, there were two pretty thoroughly ventilated log schoolhouses in Eden — now there are 
 seven good school buildings in good repair. The Air Line Railroad crosses the town, and main- 
 tains a station called Eden, on the southwest quarter of Section 8. There are some good stone 
 quarries and limekilns in Eden, and on Section 17 is a large spring, in which one branch of the 
 Milwaukee River takes its rise, while from Twin Lakes, on the line between Sections 9 and 16, 
 flows a stream into Lake Winnebago. 
 
 The town of Eden, Township 14 north, of Range 18 east, contains 23,058.79 acres, or 
 18.79 acres more than thirty-six full sections of land. 
 
746 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Edkn ViLLAiiE. — Prior to 1873, there was no village at Eden. The Air Line Railroad 
 gave it birth. The land, owned by L. Batterson, was platted when that road was built, and the 
 first lot sold to A. Edelman, who built the first store. The second purchase was made by M. 
 Altenhofen, who built a store. The large steam elevator was erected by Mr. Batterson. The first 
 wheat shipped from the station was by Isaac Advance. The hotel was built by John Botzem, 
 its proprietor. The post office was established by Peter Vandervoort in 1850. He kept it in 
 his house, near by, until 1872, when he resigned. T. Ilardgrove is the present Postmaster. 
 In addition to three stores and the various shops, Eden has a thriving cheese factory. 
 
 Foster Post Office was established by Egbert Foster. It is now out of use. 
 
 The German Reformed Church erected a place of worship on Section 10, which is now 
 used by the German Methodists. 
 
 St. James' Catholic Church first held services in a log house built in 1849, on the line of 
 Section 29, by Josepli Lawler, C. Mangan, E. Mclnroe, P. Ryan, T. Ward, T. McGinty and 
 others. This was used until 1865, when Rev. J. McGowan built the present structure. The 
 first mass said to this congregation, which now numbers 120 families, was by Rev. Ehrle. 
 Father M. O'Brien, the Pastor, has charge also of St. .John's Mission, in Byron. 
 
 ELDOIiADO. 
 
 Eldorado — Township 16 north, of Range 16 east, bounded on the north by Nekimi (Winne" 
 bago County), east by Friendship, south, by Lamartine and west by Rosendale — was named, in 
 all probabilitjs by John 0. Ilenning, now of Hudson, editor of the first paper in Fond du Lac 
 County. It surface is considerably but gently undulating, and contains less prairie than most 
 of the other towns in the vicinity. It has considerable heavy timber, some oak openings and 
 several marshes; one, called Eldorado Marsh, being of considerable size. From them an 
 immense quantity of wild hay is cut, while some portions have been seeded to tame hay and 
 make productive meadows. 
 
 The first settlers were Moses S. Barnett, Theodore R. Sheldon, William Hall and others, 
 who located within its borders early in 1846. It was a large town at first; an act approved 
 March 11, 1848, making what is now Eldorado and Friendship a separate town called Eldorado. 
 The first town meeting was held in April, 1848, at the house of Cyrus Parks, at which M. S. 
 Barnett was chosen Chairman, and James Cowhan, Town Clerk. Another act, passed Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1849, divided the original town into the present towns of Eldorado and Friendship, 
 the first election being held in April, 1849, at the house of William C. W.-dcott. 
 
 Eldorado is well wooded, the sale of cord-wood, stave-holts and materials for hard-wood 
 work being an important item with its inhabitants. It is also well watered, has a good soil of 
 loam (except the marshes) and in some parts is well adapted to sheep raising, which is profitably 
 followed. No license for the sale of intoxicating drinks was ever granted in Eldorado, and 
 never but once did the town give a Republican majority on a State or national question. The 
 first school was taught by John F. Steele in the north portion of the town. Now there are six 
 schoolhouses within its limits, in which there is a good attendance. There are also three church 
 buildings, on Sections 18, 15 and 26, the first being built about ISGO. The Sheboygan & Fond 
 du Lac Railway, which maintains a depot near Eldorado Mills, passes through the extreme 
 southwest corner of the town. The West Branch of the Fond du Lac River flows through the 
 southern portion of the town, affording water-power at Eldorado Mills, where Scribner's large 
 flouring mill is in operation. This stream, in an early day, also turned M. 8. Barnett's mill, 
 built in 1846, and the first of any kind in the town. 
 
 The inhabitants of Eldorado are largely Irish-Americans, though a good sprinkling of 
 Germans and Americans is found. The records being burned, only the following Chairmen and 
 Town Clerks can be presented: 
 
 1861, L. M. Dunham, Thomas Woods ; 1862, C. W. Frederick, William Kirkwood ; 1863, 
 C. W. Fre.lerick. William Kirkwood ; 1864, C. W. Frederick. William Kirkwood ; 1865, C. 
 W. Frederick, William Kirkwood; 1866, C. W. Frederick, William Kirkwood; 1867, C. W. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 747 
 
 Frederick, David Ackerson ; 1868, C. W. Frederick, David Ackerson ; 1869, C. W. Frederick, 
 L. M. Dunham ; 1870, C. W. Frederick, L. M. Dunham ; 1871, C. W. Frederick, L. M. Dun- 
 ham ; 1872, James Lewis, L. M. Dunham ; 1873, James Lewis, George Gibson ; 1874, C. W. 
 Frederick, George Gibson ; 1875, C. W. Frederick, W. S. Hall ; 1876, John Remer, George 
 Gibson ; 1877, John Remer, George Gibson ; 1878, John Remer, Mark Grain ; 1879, James 
 K. Scribner, Mark Grain. 
 
 The first to make a location in Eldorado was Harvey Anderson, in the fall of 1845. In 
 May, 1846, Moses S. Barnett, now of Neenah, Wis., made a permanent settlement. 
 
 The first land was entered by Samuel Sanborn, on the northeast quarter of the northeast 
 quarter of Section 31, in 1846. 
 
 The first grist-mill was built in 1857 by Hiram Wheeler and James K. Scribner on Sec- 
 tion 31. 
 
 The first store was opened in 1849, on Section 7, by N. Jorgensen. 
 
 The first schoolhouse was built in November, 1848. 
 
 The first sermon was preached by Elder E. N. Wright, a Free- Will Baptist, in the fall of 
 1848, at Cyrus Pasco's house. 
 
 The first child born was Charles A. Wolcott, July 30, 1847. 
 
 The first death, George Barnett, in 1847. 
 
 The first marriage, Stephen Claggett to Margaret O'Neil, in 1847. 
 
 The first post oSice was established in the spring of 1848, by Necoli Jorgensen, called 
 Bothelle. Not fir from this time, John 0. Henning was postmaster on the east side of the 
 marsh, and some think his commission was received before Jorgensen's. 
 
 Stephen Claggett, Alex. Cronk, and Thomas and James Merchant settled in the town 
 in 1846, after the first settlement. In 1847, Cyrus and Joseph Pasco, John and Robert Cow- 
 han, John Claggett, John F. Steele, William Dilts, M. Duel, Isaac Claggett, John Adams, 
 David Austin, E. and William Williams, A. R. Wilber, Nelson Phillips, A. M. Donelly, H. Dilts 
 and perhaps others. 
 
 FOND DU LAC. 
 
 As the first settlement, first birth, first village, first death and many other first things in 
 the county were in the town of Fond du Lac, its history will be found elaborately recorded else- 
 where. It has, however, some interesting town history. It once, by act approved January 2, 
 1838, comprised the entire county of Fond du Lac. A year later, it contained all the territory 
 in the county, except the towns of Calumet and Butte des Morts, the first election being held at 
 the house of Edward Pier, and the second, in 1839, at the house of Mason C. Darling. In 
 1842, it was made one of three towns — Fond du Lac, Waupun and Calumet — in the county, 
 but it now contains only the territory in Township 15 north, of Range 17 east. Tlie City of 
 Fond du Lac, however, does not belong to the town in any matter of local government, and 
 Lake Winnebago cuts off a small portion of its territory on the north. The town territory, 
 therefore, is a mere shell. In June, 1835, Nehemiah King, Deputy Surveyer, made the follow- 
 ing report as to what now constitutes the town of Fond du Lac : 
 
 " This is a fine township. The prairie and woodland are good and deserving the attention of 
 the fai'mer. The merchant and mechanic will soon find it for their interest to invest capital 
 here. ' Its location is such it cannot fail of becoming a place of considerable business. It com- 
 mands a handsome view of the lake, and abounds in streams of water sufficiently large and rapid 
 to drive mills. Along the shore there are evidences of Indian habitations. From the fertility 
 of the soil and abundant supply of fish in the lake and streams, it is presumed this has been a 
 favorite residence of theirs. In short, from the location of the Green Bay and Portage road, 
 and the probable location of other important ones leading to and through it, its future prosperity 
 is rendered almost certain. Along and near the margin of the lake, however, there is some marsh, 
 but it is not without dry and solid ground for buildings." 
 
 On the 21st day of April, 1837, Colwert Pier and his brother, Edward Pier, turned the first 
 furrow in the county and town of Fond du Lac, breaking some sixteen acres, about one mile 
 
748 HISTORY OF FOND TtU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 south of the spot where the court house now stands, probably in the northeast quarter of Section 
 22. Six days Liter, they sowed wheat, oats and peas. A log house was erected on Section 22, 
 east of the river, and occupied by Edward Pier and his family July 4, 1887. This was the 
 second house built in the county, and the first in the town outside the present city limits. When 
 first occupied, the structure had neither doors nor windows. During the fall, the first winter 
 wheat was sown in the county and town, by Colwert Pier. He brought five bushels on his horse 
 from Green Bay. From this wheat he raised enough to furnish his neighbors seed for the next 
 year. The yield was abundant. The first school in the county was tauglit by Harriet Harding, 
 in Edward Pier's residence. The first mill of any kind in the county was erected in the towa 
 of Fond du Lac. 
 
 On the 29th day of August, 1836, James Duane Doty, as trustee for the Fond du Lac 
 Company, sold for $'24.0 to Jolin Drake, of Warren County, N. J., and Charles C. Pinckney Arndt, 
 of Green Bay (afterward shot dead in the Legislature at Madison), the land and water privilege 
 situated in the town of Fond du Lac, known afterward as the " Clark Mill," and described as the 
 east half of the northeast quarter of Section 20 in that town. The contract had a proviso which 
 required Drake & Arndt to finish the mill within a specified time, which they failed to do. On 
 account of this failure and the strength of the proviso, after giving proper notice to Drake & Arndt, 
 the Fond du Lac Company sold the mill site and water privilege, together with whatever 
 improvements had been made thereon, to Mason C. Darling, on the 21st of May, 1838. He 
 completed the mill and sold a one-half interest in it to Bannister & Clark (John Bannister and 
 A. D. Clark), August 15, 1838, for J^SOO. This mill, which has nearly or quite disappeared, 
 cut the first lumber in Fond du Lac County, with a "sash saw." 
 
 The first house built by an actual settler in the county, was erected in the town of Fond 
 du Lac ; the first burial was also in this town. 
 
 At a meeting of the West Fond du Lac Temperance Society, held at the house of Joseph 
 Stowe, on the third Tuesday of January, 1848, it was 
 
 Resoh'ed, That the prairie situated between tlie nortli and south (east and west branches) of Fond du Lac 
 Kiver, and between Deacon Humiston's on the east and Quincy Hall's on the west, be named Temperance I'rairie. 
 Thiit we will use all honorable means to prevent the sale of intoxicating liquors, and the vomit of the inebriate from 
 polluting its virgin soil. 
 
 A. C. Everest was President of the meeting which adopted this resolution, and E. Humis- 
 ton. Secretary. Thereafter for many years, the locality was known as Temperance Prairie. 
 
 At the election held in May of that year, the town gave a majority of thirteen against 
 granting licenses to sell intoxicating liquors. 
 
 The records of the town officers from 1838 to 1848. are not extant. The following are 
 the Chairmen and Clerks from 1849 to 1879, inclusive: 1849, John C. Lewis and Frank 
 McCarty; 1850, Edwin Flint and Hiram Walker-; 1851, Isaac Brown and William C. Brown; 
 1852. Edward Pier and Eric Tallmadge; 1853, Edward Pier and Henry R. Colman; 1854, 
 Sewell N. Hawes and George H. Clark ; 1855. Seth A. Chase and George H. Clark ; 1856, 
 Seth A. Chase and Lewis M. Darling; 1857, Seth A. Chase and H. Spatlbrd ; 1858, Charles 
 Brown and David Crofoot; 1859 and 1860, G. K. Stanchfield and D. Crofoot; 1861 and 1862, 
 S. A. Chase and D. Crofoot; 1868 to 1870, both inclusive, G. K. Stanchfield and D. Crofoot; 
 1871. Dana C. Lamb and David Crofoot; 1872, Henry Van Allen and D. Crofoot; 1873, 
 Dana C. Lamb and D. Crofoot ; 1874 and 1875, Dana C. Lamb and S. B. Stanchfield ; 1876, 
 1877 and 1878, Henry Van Allen and S. B. Stanchfield; 1879, L. B. Dunham and Henry 
 Land reman. 
 
 Four lines of railway cross the town of Fond du Lac — the C. & N. W., Air Line, She- 
 boygan & Fond du Lac and Narrow Gauge; but they maintain no stations within its limits out- 
 side of Fond du Lac City. Both branches of Fond du Lac River flow through its territory, 
 furnishing limited water-powers on Sections 27, 22 and 16. Four toll roads are in this town : 
 Empire Gravel Road, extending southeast from the city to Empire; one extending on Main 
 street south ; one extending east through Taycheedah, and one southwest toward Waupun from 
 the city. During 1879, a lively agitation was made against them ; indignation meetings were 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COX^XTY. 749 
 
 held, and the question of surrendering their charter was submitted to vote in Fond du Lac City, 
 that corporation holding a majority of their stock, but the move failed of accomplishing its 
 purpose. The Poor House and Farm are on Section 21 in this town. There are several fine 
 sand-pits, two good brick-clay beds, two hay marshes, two good stone-quarries and one small 
 peat-bed in Fond du Lac Town, but no timber of any account. 
 
 Fond du Lac Fire Insurance Comjxmy. — This insurance company, composed of farmers 
 in the towns of Fond du Lac, Empire and Friendship, was organized April 24, 1875, and 
 issued its first policy May 20, 1875, with the following officers : G. K. Stanchfield, President; 
 J. L. Colman, Secretary ; A. T. Germond, Treasurer. The Directors were, for town of Fond 
 du Lac — G. K. Stanchfield, H. Van Allen and J. L. Colman ; Empire — A. T. Germond, John 
 Meiklejohn and Benjamin White ; Friendship — Joseph Kinsman, Charles Carberry and F. 
 Rondeau. The present officers are as follows : President. John Meiklejohn ; Secretary, John 
 J. Brayton ; Treasurer, William Adams. Directors, for Empire — John Meiklejohn, Richard 
 Kaye and William Adams; Fond du Lac — R. C. Wilson, J. J. Brayton and 11. Van Allen; 
 Friendship — Robert Shiels, Horace Hodgkin and Joseph Kinsman. The last formal report of 
 the Company was made in September, 1879, when the total amount of the policies in force was 
 $466,110. The losses from incendiary fires and by lightning have been heavier in this than 
 in other similar companies in this county, but they have all been paid so promptly as to render 
 the Company a favorite one. The three assessments made for losses aggregate $5,991.50 — not 
 including expenses. 
 
 FOREST. 
 
 The town of Forest was named after the splendid forests of hard timber that originally 
 covered much the larger portion of its surface. No town in the county was blessed with finer 
 hardwood timber, with occasional jungles of tamarack and some patches of cedar. It contains 
 no genuine prairie, and but few oak openings. In early days, it was excellent for winter wheat, 
 and is yet, as compared with other towns, owing to the peculiar soil of the timbered tracts. A 
 great amount of labor has been expended in this town to fit the land for crops ; but the cash 
 return for hard timber and cordwood, the abundance of it for home use, the protection forests 
 afford in winter and the excellent soil when once ready for crops, abundantly repay the inhab- 
 itants for their extra exertions. The town is well watered, is rather more uneven than praii-ie 
 towns, has some splendid sugar-maple groves and several water-powers. On Sections 28 and 
 3-3, in the south, is Mullet Lake, whence rises a stream of the same name, flowing noriheast 
 into the Sheboygan River, which flows across the entire western portion of the town, turning a 
 lathe, two mills and other machinery even as early as 1853. At Dotyville is a flouring-mill 
 run by water — by the Sheboygan River. In February, 1847, the following act was passed : 
 
 Sec. o2. That township number fifteen north, ami the south half of township number sixteen north, of range 
 number nineteen east, in the county of Fond c!u Lac, be, and the same is hereby, set off into a separate town by the 
 name of Forest, and that the first town meeting be held at the house of George Chase, in said town. 
 
 In March, 1848, another act, as follows, was passed by the Legislature : 
 
 Sec. 115. Township number fifteen and the south half of township number sixteen north, in range nuntber 
 nineteen east, organized into the town of Forest, is hereby declared to be a town by that name, and the acts and 
 proceedings of said town in its alfairs for the year 1847 shall not be deemed illegal or invalid by reason of said town- 
 ship having been included in Taycheedah. 
 
 The town is now the six full sections in Township 15 north, of Range 19 east. It was set- 
 tled in 1845, Henry C. Giltner, now of Minnesota, probably making the first location, though 
 Josiah A. King settled there permanently in May of that year, and James Davis and P. T. 
 King settled the same year near the center of the town, and were, probably, permanently 
 located a month or two earlier than Mr. Giltner. Early in 1846, William Chase, at whose 
 house the first election was held ; 0. C. Wiiite, Solomon Benedict and others settled not far 
 from Mr. Giltner's, in the western portion of the town. 
 
 The town is now largely owned by Germans, who are unusually well-to-do, a considerable 
 amount of their ready money being derived from the sale of wood, which they haul to Fond 
 du Lac. 
 
750 HISTORY or FOKD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 At the first election, held April 1, 1848, H. C. Giltner was chosen Chairman. The first 
 birth was that of Sarah Chase ; first death, James Davis ; first marriage, a Mr. Slocum to Miss 
 Rilej. The first schoolhouse was built on Section 14, and, in the summer of 1849, S. Corbett 
 taught school in it. The town now has eight schoolhouses. 
 
 Churches. — Some time in 1847, the first sermon was preached, at the house of William 
 Chase, by Rev. Mr. Scott. In 185S, the Catholics built a church on Section 19, and now the 
 town has five church edifices. The Union Church, on Section 36, was organized, April 7, 1879, 
 by Henry Stannard, E. C. Coon, William Stewart and P. H. Montgomery; Henry Stannard, 
 President and Secretary: E. C. Coon, Treasurer; H. Stannard, E. Conger and E. C. Coon, 
 Trustees. It was dedicated by Rev. F. A. Marsh, February 19, 1880, who preached the first 
 sermon in it. On Section 13 is the Methodist Episcopal Church. The society was organized 
 November 17, 1878, at James Corbett's house. TJie edifice was built in 1874. The first ser- 
 mon was by Rev. J. T. Woodhead. The first Trustees were James Corbett, S. Elecson, David 
 Rogers, Ezra Coon, William Bennett and J. 0. Dowling. The first Pastor was J. S. Bolton. 
 Present Pastor, Rev. H. Knight. The first marriages in the church were Joseph Cokon to 8. 
 Hall and S. Gibson to Sarah Bolton. 
 
 The first post oflice was established early in 1847, called Oasis, of which H. C. Giltner 
 was Postmaster. The second was Dotyville, cstablislied by Thomas Davidson in 1849. In 
 1852, Mr. Davidson opened the first store in Forest, at Dotyville. In 1866, C. A. Corbett 
 established Banner Post Office. 
 
 The first cheese-factory was built on Section 16, in 1877, by C. C. Lyon and J. Smith. 
 It is the onlv one in the town. 
 
 FRIENDSHIP. 
 
 This, one of the most level and unbroken towns in the county, was, previous to being erected 
 into its present proportions, a portion of Eldorado. An act by the Legislature, approved Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1849, set off so much of the territory of Eldorado as was in Township 16 north. Range 
 17 east, into a separate town called Friendship, the first election to bo held at Lyman Walker's 
 house. Friendship lies along the west shore of Lake Winnebago, and contains but seventeen 
 full sections of land, the balance being shore-marsh and lake. In this town the State owns some 
 overflowed lands in Sections 3 and 10. The town contains but few springs and streams. Its soil 
 is very deep and rich ; its timber tracts of excellent quality ; its crops varied and profitable, 
 and its inhabitants, being near a good market, generally well to do. 
 
 The first election was held at Lyman Walker's house April 12, 1849. The first settler was 
 Champion Wilson, who came in 1845. In 1846, L. Forbes, Russell McCarty, Edwin Roberts, 
 C. B. Matteson and, perhaps, others settled in the town. 
 
 Tlie first births were Julius Roberts and Dora Cook. 
 
 The first deaths were two, recorded near together — Burns and Coleman. 
 
 In 1847, a school was taught on Section 28, by Elias Worden. 
 
 In 1848, a schoolhouse was erected on Section 21, in which Miss Robinson taught the first 
 school. 
 
 In 1849, John Prescott preached the first sermon in the town in Lyman Walker's house. 
 
 In 1848, Friendship Post Office was established — Jackson Pritchard, Postmaster. Van 
 Dyne is the present post office, and D. N. Morgan, Postmaster. 
 
 In 1851, Adolph Henning opened, on Section 16, the first store in Friendship. 
 
 In 1860, the German Methodists built a church edifice on Section 17. The town now con- 
 tains two churches — the German Methodist, P. Limber, Pastor, and German Lutheran, John 
 Rosenthal, Pastor. 
 
 In 1879, a cheese factory was built in the town. The Chicago & North-Western Railway 
 extends across Friendship from south to north, maintaining a station at Van Dyne. In 1851, 
 the inhabitants along the lake shore began to be uneasy when, without any apparent reasonable 
 cause. Lake Winnebago began to steadily advance upon their shore lands. As the waters con- 
 tinued to advance, they continued to be more uneasy. Nearly one thousand acres were over- 
 flowed at this time, caused by the erection of dams at Neenah and Menasha. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 751 
 
 In 1854, the cholera made its appearance in Friendship, causing greater consternation than 
 the sudden rise in Lake Winnebago. The disease appeared in August, and resulted fatally in 
 six instances. 
 
 Champion and Elinor Wilson, soon after the first settlement of the town, began the manu- 
 facture of chairs, which they continued until the larger factories made the business unprofitable. 
 Whether Minor Wilson settled within the town limits in 1844, the year before the accepted time 
 of permanent settlement, is a matter of question. There seems to be more than a probability 
 that he did. 
 
 The population of Friendship is composed mostly of French and Germans. 
 
 The Chairmen and Town Clerks, since the town was separated from Eldorado, have been : 
 In 1849, Henry Bruce and Edwin R. Roberts ; 1850, Henry Bruce and Edwin R. Roberts ; 
 1851, Charles Wheton and Edwin R. Roberts ; 1852, Minor Wilson and Hector Munro ; 1853, 
 Adolph Henning and Hector Munro; 1854, Adolph Henning and Hector Munro; 1855, Eben- 
 ezer Austin and Hector Munro ; 1856, John Stoddart and Hector Munro ; 1857, Charles Car- 
 berry and Hector Munro ; 1858, John Stoddart and Hector Munro; 1859, John Stoddart and 
 Hector Munro ; 1860, John Stoddart and Mitchel Perrizo ; 1861, Charles Carberry and John 
 Stoddart ; 1862, Joseph Kinsman and Mitchel Perrizo ; 1863, Joseph Kinsman and Mitchel 
 Perrizo; 1864, Joseph Kinsman and Mitchel Perrizo; 1865, Charles Carberry and Mitchel 
 Perrizo ; 1866, Charles Carberry and Mitchel Perrizo ; 1867, Charles Carberry and Hector 
 Munro ; 1868, Charles Carberry and Hector Munro ; 1869, Charles Carberry and W. J. Ray- 
 craft ; 1870, Joseph Kinsman and William Lumly ; 1871, Joseph Kinsman and William Lumly ; 
 1872, Hector Munro and Fitch Kinsman; 1873, Hector Munro and Fitch Kinsman; 1874, 
 Charles Carberry and Fitch Kinsman; 1875, Joseph Kinsman and Hall McCourt ; 1876, 
 Patrick McMonagle and Hall McCourt; 1877, Joseph Kinsman and Hall McCourt; 1878 
 and 1879, Theodore Herrling and Hall McCourt. 
 
 LAMAllTINE. 
 
 This town, lying directly west of the town and city of Fond du Lac, Township 15 north, 
 of Range 16 east, was named after Alphonse de Lamartine, the French poet and historian, who 
 sprang into such wonderful popularity during the French revolution of 1848. Before that 
 time the town had been called Seven Mile Creek, an awkward name, derived from the settle- 
 ment on the creek about seven miles from Fond du Lac, and an act of February 11, 1847, 
 erected it into a learal town, the first election being held at Peter V. Sang's house. The name 
 was changed to Lamartine (Lam-ar-teen) by an act approved August 8, 1848. The first settlbr 
 was John Parker, Jr., though the first location and claim of land were made by Edward Bee- 
 son in 1837, and perfected by Peter V. Sang in 1840. The former began residing upon the 
 latter's farm early in 1842, and, in August, 1842, Mr. Sang became a boarder in the Parker 
 family. The next settlers were John Parker, Sr.. J. M. Loomis, Samuel Bacon and, soon 
 after, others. The first child born in the town was Martha Parker, in February, 1843. 
 
 The first death, John Parker, Sr., in September, 1844. In January, 1847, S. Westfall, 
 aged forty-five, was frozen to death while crossing Lamartine to his home in Oakfield (then 
 called Lime) with a yoke of oxen. 
 
 The first marriage was Cyrus E. Stowe to Hannah M. Hooper, a step-daughter of P. V. 
 Sang's. 
 
 The first school was taught in the fall of 1847, by Russell Northrup, in a schoolhouse 
 erected that year on Section 34. The town now contains eight schoolhouses and twelve dis- 
 tricts, the schoolhouse at the little village of Seven Mile Creek being the largest in the town. 
 
 The first sermon was preached by the Rev. Morgan L. Noble in 1844, in Peter V. Sang's 
 house. The town now contains four church edifices — one Baptist, two Methodist and one 
 Catholic, the Methodists erecting the first on Section 34, about 1859 or 1860. 
 
 The first post office was established in 1845, called Seven Mile Creek, and Peter V. Sang 
 was the first Postmaster, which position he retained twenty years. George H. Ferris is the 
 present Postmaster, his office being now called Lamartine. 
 
752 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The first store was opened in Peter V. Sang's building at Seven Mile Creek, in 1846. by 
 William Hughes. 
 
 The first town officers were : A. C. Everest, Chairman ; Thomas Magee and C. H. Warren, 
 Supervisors ; P. V. Sang, Clerk ; J. H. Fancher, Treasurer ; William Magee, Assessor, and 
 C. E. Stowe, Justice of the Peace. A. D. Nash is now Chairman ; George H. Ferris, Clerk ; 
 H. Gilbert, Assessor ; James Galland, Treasurer, and George H. Ferris, Justice of the Peace. 
 
 The first hotel was opened by Peter V. Sang, as soon as he had made a settlement. He 
 did a large business, but now there is little hotel business done in the town. The Lamartine 
 House, built in 1860, is kept by Charles De Voe, at Lamartine. 
 
 The soil of Lamartine is somewhat different from that of other towns. It is of a whitish 
 clay mixed with black loam ; the lowlands are deep, rich and dark, while several large marshes 
 are unfit for cultivation. Section 17 is largely a marsh, and the Lamartine Peat Fuel Com- 
 pany's tract of peat is in this town. The northern portion is the most heavily timbered. 
 Sheep-raising, dairying and raising grass form almost as important branches as grain-raising in 
 Lamartine. 
 
 There is neither mill nor water-power in the town, though the West Branch of Fond du Lac 
 River flows across the northeast corner, and a branch of the East Branch takes its rise in the 
 center of the town. 
 
 The Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railway crosses the northeast corner, but only a flag- 
 station, called Woodhull, which is also a post office, is maintained. This office was named after 
 John Woodhull, for nearly twenty years Deputy Postmaster of Fond du Lac. 
 
 Lamartine Post Office, or Seven Mile Creek, is the business center of the town. Orchard 
 Brothers have a wagon factory ; G. H. Ferris and the Wisnoms stores ; besides blacksmith- 
 shops, cheese-factory, schoolhouse, two churches, a Good Templar's Lodge and shoe-shop. In 
 May, 1848, Peter V. Sang wrote as follows to one of the Fond du Lac papers : 
 
 " Just look at it ; it is but five years since Sang moved into this town, and was then the 
 only landholder in it ; in fact, the only resident between Fond du Lac and Waupun, remaining 
 such for nearly two yeai-s ; and now there are not over eight sections of vacant land in the town 
 not owned by actual settlers. We have, in the vicinity of Sang's place, a tavern, blacksmith- 
 shop, weaver, wagon-maker, tailors and mechanics, post office, land agency, schoolhouse, and a 
 number of other buildings. Arrangements have been made to open a dry-goods and grocery 
 store during the coming summer. Nearly one-third of the inhabitants of the town and its 
 immediate vicinity have experienced religion, of different denominations, and the revival is still 
 progressing. The credit for this is due to the Revs. Card, Elwell, Burgess, Elsberry and other 
 preachers of the Gospel." • 
 
 The M. E. Church, first formed by Rev. Henry Requa. in 1856, has a good edifice for 
 worship and a good parsonage. The first meetings were held in the schoolhouse, but in 1859, 
 the first building, costing $7i)0, was erected. In 1867, it was rebuilt at a cost of §1,600. The 
 first Trustees were P. V. Sang, D. E. Hutchins, Asher Williams, C. H. Warren, Ezra Stearns 
 and E. Humiston. The present Trustees are J. Jackson, B. R. Harrington, G. W. Jackson, 
 William Warner, J. Fisher, F. Orchard, George Lang, E. Gibson and D. Walters ; Pastor, 
 Rev. J. B. Coe. 
 
 The Baptist Church was organized April 15, 1848, at Cyrus E. Stowe's house. The first 
 services were held in 1847, by Elder Burgess. Services were held in the schoolhouse on Sec- 
 tion 34 until 1861, when the church was built on land donated by William Townsend, at a cost 
 of §1,500, and dedicated in 1863. The first Trustees were A. L. Bobbins, J. Fairbanks and 
 E. E. Crowe. Present Trustees — Samuel Wells, William Quick and James Walters. 
 
 On New Year's Day, 1847, four deer were caught in P. V. Sang's barn, where they had 
 taken refuge from the cold. 
 
 MARSHFIELD. 
 Township 16 north, of Range 19 east, is now Marshfield. It belonged to more towns, 
 before being separately erected into its present shape, than any other town in the county. In 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 753 
 
 1852, by an act approved April 17 of that year, it was detached from Calumet and Forest and 
 named Kossuth, the first town election to be held at Georg'e Harkness' house. This name, 
 three years later, was changed to Marshfield, which was suggested on account of the unusually 
 large marsh tracts covering the town. May 10, 1835, Deputy United States Surveyor C. T. 
 V. King gave the town a hard name in his report to the Government, saying : " This is a poor 
 township, and needs no general remarks; too great a portion of it is marsh and swamp." This, 
 in the light of more recent advancement in population and wealth, is seen to have been an 
 unjust judgment. Notwithstanding the marshes, it is not wholly a " poor town," containing, as 
 it now does, a population of forehanded and thrifty Germans. 
 
 The first settler was Step'ien Goeser ; the next earliest, Anton Kramer, John Loehr and 
 John Fuchs, all of whom made locations in 1841. 
 
 Tlie first child born was Joseph Fuchs in 1842. 
 
 The first marriage was Anton Kramer to Mary Ann Brest, December 13, 1843. 
 
 The first death was that of Joseph Stump in 1843. 
 
 In 1847, Rev. Caspar Rehrl taught the first school at Mount Calvary, on Section 29. The 
 same year, the Catholics built a church on the same section. The town now contains three 
 Catholic Churches. The Pastors are Revs. P. Dominicus, P. Andrew and P. Mathew. It also 
 contains six good schoolhouscs. 
 
 In 18-51, John Blonigen established a post ofiice called Moria. J. II. Coolidge is now 
 Postmaster of St. Cloud, on Section 25, and P. Rothgary, of Mount Calvary. 
 
 In 1859, John Preuss built the first mill in the town, on the Slieboygan River. 
 
 In 1850, the first store was opened at Mount Calvary by M. Bourgeous. 
 
 The first Chairman of Marshfield was Joseph Wagner, who held the oifice several years. 
 F. Konz is the present Chairman. 
 
 The first cheese factory was built in 1878 at Mount Calvary. Thei'e is another at St. 
 Cloud, belonging to J. H. Coolidge. 
 
 Marshfield Mutual Insurance Companjf was organized February 2, 1874. Over one 
 hundred persons were present at the first meeting, at which Calumet, Marshfield, Forest and 
 Taycheednh were represented. In 1875. Osceola and Empire were added to the organization, 
 and, in 1880, Russell and Greenbush, of Sheboygan County ; Brothcrtown, of Calutnet Countv, 
 and Auburn, Ashford, Byron, Eden, Friendship and Fond du Lac, of Fond du Lac County, 
 were added. The first officers were: John Ilolchnecht and A. Mdlenb:icli, of Calumet ; Nicholas 
 Steffes and Michael Wirtz, of T:iycheedah ; Joseph Feldner and -Jacob II.Walderschmid,of Fore.st; 
 Fred Konz, N. Krumer and M. J. Miesen, of Marshfiehl. Tiie first President was N. Kramer. 
 In 1876, Fred Konz was chosen President and still holds that office. iM. J. Miesen was the first 
 Secretary and still holds the position. The present Directors arc: F. Konz and M. J. Miesen, 
 Marshfield; M. Wirtz and N. Steffes, Taycheedah ; August Pitzen, Calumet; P. Beuese, For- 
 ■est; H. Sriibel, Empire; N. Stack, Osceola. There are now out 1,036 policies, aggregating 
 $1,004,992 of insiu-ance. In 1879, $10 losses were paid; losses to January, 1880, $9u6.56. 
 The Company has a fund of $5,508.65 now on hand, and is one of the most prosperous in the 
 county. 
 
 St. Francis Monaster)/. — This is the head of the Capuchin Church in America. It is a 
 strong and prosperous institution, equal to any similar ones of other denominations in AViscon- 
 sin. It is thus described : " It is located at Mount Calvary, twelve miles east from Fond du 
 Lac, and two miles south of the Sheboygan k Fond du Lac Riilroad, an<l comprises the 
 church, convent and college of the Capucliin Order of St. Francis. On the 15th of October, 
 1856, tiie place wa? selected by two secular priests, P. Francis Haas and P. Bonnventura, with 
 the advice of Rt. Rev. John Martin Henry, Bishop of Milwaukee, for the foundation of the 
 Order. In March, 1858, possession was taken of the first eastern wing of the building, the 
 dimensions of which were 27x111 feet. Three years subsequent to this time, the two priests, 
 assisted by three lay brothers and others, under the direction of P. Francis, as Guardian, com- 
 menced to enlarge the building on the south side, and to lay the foundation of the church with 
 
75-1 HISTORY OF FOKI) DU LAC COItNTY. 
 
 the choir, on the north side, which was completed the following year, 1862. Meanwhile, others 
 having joined the Order, it became desirable to build a college, which was done in the summer 
 of 1864 ; this formed tlie southern wing ; it was opened, under the patronage of St. Lawrence, 
 of Bordeaux, in November of the same year. The -western wing, together with the Chapel of 
 St. Francis on the north, was commenced in 1857, and completed in the fall of 1868. It was 
 hardly occupied when the whole edifice was destroyed by fire on the 26th of December, the 
 same year, except the aisle of the church and St. Francis Chapel. The church and convent 
 were again rebuilt, and completed in 1870. The following year, it was enlarged by St. Joseph's 
 Family Hall and Monument, which was opened on the 4th of July, 1872. It was again 
 enlarged in 187o. by the addition of a new study hall and dormitory for the accommodation of 
 students. Other additions were made in 1874 and since, and money continues to be expended 
 in enlarging, beautifying and furnishing the institution." 
 
 The different Chairmen of Marshfield have been Joseph Wagner, H. C. Giltner, William 
 Wolf Rithard Schrage and Fred Konz. The Clerks have been Otto Rollmann, F. J. Isaak, 
 M. J. Miesen, John Konz and John Hennen. 
 
 METOMEN. 
 
 This fine agricultural town lies on the west line of Fond du Lac County, immediately south 
 of Ripon and northwest of Waupun. This is called the richest town in Fond du Lac county, 
 cities not included. This reputation is sustained by the taxes paid in 1879 by Metomen, which 
 were about $300 in excess of those of any other town. It is Township 15 north, of Range 14 
 east, containing 36 full sections of arable land. The town as a whole is a rich, undulating prairie, 
 scarcely one-twentieth of its area being timber. The most uneven portions have a soil of sandy 
 loam, with a subsoil of gravel, and with an occasional outcrop of limestone, which can be profit- 
 ably workeil. In the lowlands are found the vegetable mold — the choice alluvium of the 
 marshy meadows. These, when thoroughly drained, constitute a mine of agricultural wealth. 
 " Round Prairie," comprising several thousand acres northwest of Brandon is justly celebrated 
 for its beauty and fertility. Much of Metomen is similar to Ripon, which has been called 
 the "Eden of the West." Its elevation its gradually rolling surface and deep, warm soil 
 combine to render it attractive and productive. Other portions of the township claim equal 
 fertility. Much of the land is higher than any of the surrounding country — is, in fact, a water- 
 shed from which the streams flow southeasterly, northerly and westerly. The East Branch of 
 the Rock River rises in Metomen. The Grand River, in the southwest corner, affords mill 
 privileges at Fairwater. Wells upon the high prairie are not deep, but furnish exhaustless 
 water supply. Creeks and brooklets are found, except upon the uplands. For a prairie country, 
 Metomen contains some i-emarkable springs and streams. The spring on Almon Osborn's farm. 
 Section 2, is the largest in the county, being tlie principal source of Silver Creek, which flows 
 into Green Lake. Caraboo Spring, on the old Col. Mansfield farm, is twenty-five feet across and 
 discharges an astonishing volume of water. This is the head of Grand River. The land has 
 been well adapted to wheat-raising, but, lately, attention has been profitably turned to stock- 
 raising, particularly of sheep; and wool is becoming a leading export. For general farming 
 purposes, Metomen is excelled by few in the State. 
 
 niSTOmC INITIALS. 
 
 "Metomen," in the Menominee language, signifies "a grain of corn;" and this town 
 was thus christened by F. D. Bowman. The first " white man's cabin " within the present limits 
 of this town was built by Col. Mansfield, in 1844, north of JFairwater, in western portion. 
 He kept bachelor's hall that summer and the next, but did not bring his family here till several 
 other homes were established. On the 29th of May, 1844, the first entry of land in Metomen 
 was made, by C. D. Higley, who was then an active young bachelor. It was the farm upon 
 which he now resides with his fxmily. The honor of founding the first home in Metomen 
 is clearly due to Daniel Eggleston, who brought his family to a log cabin, not far from their 
 
HISTORY or FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 765 
 
 present home, in the third week of June, 1845. Jacob Carter and family located near him just 
 one week later. Among the settlers of that season were Alraon Osborn, S. II. French, E. F. 
 Mansfield, Robert Jenkinson, John and Thomas Coats, William C. Worden, M. D. Wilson, 
 Mathew Wilson, A. Dart. The settlement was prosperous and rapidly increased, and, within 
 two years, all Government land was claimed by actual settlers. Franklin French has the honor 
 of being the youngest pioneer who arrived in the township during the first year of the settle- 
 ment, he having been born on the 26th of October, 1845, in the unfinished cabin of Jacob 
 Carter. Esq. French's hay-thatched cabin had been, the previous month, accidentally burned, 
 and that can date first ''fire" in Metomen. In the spring of 1846, the first sermon was 
 preached by a Baptist minister named Jeremiah Murphy, in the cabin of Daniel Eggleston. 
 During the summer of 1846, Rev. W. G. iSliller. now well known in this State, began preach- 
 ing in the schoolhouse on Section 2, in the Walworth District, and Rev. Miller was the first 
 preacher whose charge included the town of Metomen. Elder Marcellus Barnum was the first 
 settled Pastor in the town, having organized a Wesleyan society at Reed's Corners in 1847. 
 This was afterward changed or merged into the present Congregational church, located at Reed's 
 Corners. No death occurred the first year of settlement, but in March, 1846, Frederick Nay was 
 consigned to earth. In April, of the same year, a Mr. Farnam and a Miss Collins were united for 
 " better or worse." The first public school was established the same season on Section 2, and Lois 
 Walker was the presiding officer ; this was in a private house ; but, next summer, a schoolhouse 
 was built on the same section, and J. W. Wilsie was the first pedagogue. In the spring of 1846, 
 within a year from date of the first family's arrival, a post office was established, named " Grand 
 River," with Jacob Carter as first Postmaster. At about the same time, the Post-Office Depart- 
 ment had established another office called "Mansfield," with Daniel Eggleston as Postmaster. 
 These were so near together that, as an old pioneer expressed it, "one cabbage leaf would cover 
 both." "Grand River" was soon discontinued, but "Mansfield" remained for years the only 
 post office in the town. William Stanton built a saw-mill in 1846, and Messrs. Dakin & 
 Lathrop erected a flouring-mill in 1847 on the branches of Grand River, within the town limits 
 and near Fairwater. The flouring-mill, remodeled, is now owned by Mr. Hurlbut, and has been 
 "on duty'' since its erection. The proprietors of the first flouring-mill, Dakin & Lathrop, were 
 also the first merchants, having started a store at Fairwater in 1847. For several years all 
 religious services were held in the settlers' cabins or in the schoolhouses, but, in the summer of 
 1856, the Free- Will Baptists of Fairwater ei-ected the first church edifice in Metomen. 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 Metomen Town was organized at a meeting of citizens duly convened on the 7th of April, 
 1846, at the house of F. D. Bowman. Samuel A. Carpenter was chosen Moderator, and A. C. 
 Bobbins, Clerk. The town of Waupun and part of the town of Alto were then embraced in the 
 town of Metomen. The first resolution which was passed established the pay of all town officers 
 at 75 cents per day, unless otherwise fixed by law. The town officers elected at this first town 
 meeting were: Chairman, Almon Osborn; Side Supervisors, Daniel Eggleston and S. A. Car- 
 penter; Assessors, James English, D. L. McCorpin and Jacob Carter; Treasurer, Harvey 
 Sexton; Town Clerk, A. C. Robbins; Collector, S. H. French; School Commissioners, Henry 
 Boardman, A. C. Robbins and Robert Jenkinson ; Justices of the Peace, S. H. French, S. A. 
 Carpenter and Ira Leo. The total amount of taxes levied in Metomen, in 1846, was $161.32, 
 of which $100.87 were collected. The present officers of the town are: Chairman, P. K. 
 Pickard ; Side Supervisors, J. Warner and W. Watson; Treasurer, J McClelland; Clerk, E. 
 Ensign ; Justices. E. Reynolds and T. Watson ; Assessor, A. M. Bly. 
 
 BRANDON. 
 
 This prosperous village lies in the southeastern part of Metomen. The first building within 
 present corporation limits was built by R. W. Pride, in 1849, and stood on the site of F. M. 
 Hillman's residence. The place was not improved nor continuously occupied for several years. 
 
756 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUKTY. 
 
 It did not become a center of business until the completion of the railroad in 1856, when it 
 began rapid strides toward the dignity of a city. In its early history, it was a lively place 
 and known as " Bungtown." The station and village was named '• Brandon" by William Lockin, 
 in honor of many Vermont settlers. It was not organized as a village until January 8, 1878. 
 The first Trustees were, J. Abercrorabie, W. D. Ash, J. Lockin, L. Marsh, Gr. H. Paine and 
 J. Raube. First President, William Plocker, and Clerk, Charles Heuman. The present officers 
 are. President, G. A. Russell, and Clerk, E. Ensign. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 A Methodist class was formed as early as 1848, by Rev. H. Allen, a lay preacher and far- 
 mer, in the north part of Metomen. Meetings were held at Union Prairie Schoolhouse, wliich 
 was one of a circuit containing three charges. This society in 1861 removed to Brandon, 
 which by its rapid growth had become of central importance. The first official record of the 
 Brandon Methodist Episcopal Church, is that of a quarterly conference held on Round Prairie, 
 November 24, 1855, Rev. J. M. Walker, Presiding Elder, and Rev. John B. Armatage, preacher 
 in charge. Services were held in private houses or schoolhouses, or sometimes in the hall of 
 the building now kept as a hotel by Warren Hall. The present church was built in 1863, dur- 
 ing the pastorate of Rev. Henry Requa. The present Board of Trustees are F. M. Hillman, 
 F. P. Furguson, T. R. Darrow, William Bronson, G. A. Russell, C. P. Knapp and A. G. 
 Yorty ; Clerk is W. R. Brown; Superintendent of Sunday school is Leander Ferguson; Rev. 
 Jesse Cole is present Pastor. The total membership is 153. They have a commodious church 
 and a comfortable parsonage. The society is an active force, and numerically exceeds any other 
 religious association in the town. The Methodist Episcopal Church at Reed's Corners is 
 also connected with this charge. 
 
 The Congregational Church of Brandon was organized on the 19th of April, 1857, by 
 Rev. S. Bristol, in the schoolhouse near the center of Metomen Town. John Wilson was 
 the first Deacon, and Robert Jenkinson the first Clerk. In July, 1862, the society removed 
 to Brandon, and during the following summer their present house of worship was erected, under 
 the pastorate of Rev. Norman McLeod. The present Board of Trustees are R. M. Wilsie, R. 
 Graham and R. C. Kelly. Mr. Kelly has been a member of the Board continuously from its 
 organization. The Deacons are George Bly, A. Turner and R. Graham. Martin C. Short is 
 both Clerk of the Church and Superintendent of the Sunday school. Rev. Homer W. Carter 
 is Pastor. Membership numbers seventy-five. The society is harmonious and prosperous. 
 
 The German Methodist Episcopal Church of Brandon erected its church edifice in 1876, 
 under the pastorate of Rev. F. Strobel. A class was formed about ten years before that, by 
 Rev. August Turnitzer, who supplied them with pi-eaching. Their meetings were held in the 
 Congregational Church. Trustees are Fred Gauger, F. Praatz and F. Nordwig. Superintend- 
 ent of Sunday school is F. Sheffelbein. Present Pastor is Rev. John Deitrick. Membership, 
 eighty-eight. 
 
 The German Lutheran Church was built in 1874. The Pastor was Rev. Holtzner. At 
 the present time they are supplied with preaching once in two weeks, by the Pastor in charge at 
 Ripon. The society is small, and a majority of the members live in the country. 
 
 BRANDON PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 From the small school taught by a single teacher in 1856, the Brandon school has grad- 
 ually developed to its present acceptable proportions. In 1864 the present schoolhouse was 
 erected. It is a wooden, two-story structure, containing four schoolrooms. The Principal, 
 Prof. Kirk Spoor, has been in charge since 1872. He has three assistant teachers, all ladies. 
 The present Board of Education are, James Turner, M. D., President; M. C. Short, Clerk, 
 and F. R. Foster, Treasurer. The Board, under the high-school law of 1877, adopted the 
 three-years course recommended by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. A class 
 of four graduated in June, 1871). " The course is designed to fit graduates for practical business 
 
a-7-<^' 
 
HISTORY or FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 759 
 
 life, and includes more than is required for a first-grade certificate for teaching. For the last 
 five years, the school has drawn a gratuity under tlic law to promote high schools. In January, 
 1880, the average attendance was 170, with a total enrollment of 211. There is an average 
 attendance of twelve non-resident tuition pupils. The teachers are faithful, the administration 
 quietly efiicient, and the school enjoys public confidence. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Brandon Lodge, A.^ F. ^- A. 31., was organized under dispensation dated June 13, 
 1863. The first meeting occurred July 10, 1863. The charter members were: Elisha Gallop, 
 •who was the first Master ; II. C. Kelly, who was the first Secretary ; Hanson Ely, James McClel- 
 land, E. H. Yorty, James McGill, Henry Henrickson and Zenas Scott. The charter is dated 
 June 14, 1864. 
 
 The present officers are: William Irwin, W. M.; Thomas Ivers, S. W.; II. H. Green, J. W.; 
 J. P. Lyon, Treas.; E. Ensign, Sec'y; James McClelland, S. D.; John O'llara, J. D.; Henry 
 R. O'Hara, S. S.; C. A. Danforth, J. S.; A. Butts, Tiler. 
 
 The present membership is fifty-two. They have an attractive hall and are in working 
 condition. 
 
 Lodge No. 107, I. 0. 0. F., was organized under a charter from the Grand Lodge dated 
 January 21, 1864. The charter members were Lewis Whistler, Frank Perkins, C. B. Pierce, 
 L. S. Shepherd and Isaac W. Tower. 
 
 They have a substantial two-story brick hall, 70x38 feet, built in 1871 at a cost of nearly 
 ^5,000 ; it is not yet free from incumbrance. 
 
 The present oflicers are: H. H. Green, K G.; N. A. Stevens, V. G. ; J. E. Gee, P. S.; 
 Samuel Wcinstock, Treas.; T. Watson, R. S. The Trustees are G. W. Sargeant, A. Butts and 
 T. Watson. The society has been large and of social prominence. 
 
 Brandon Encampment, No. 25, was organized January 19, 1869. Its officers are: G. 
 H. Paine, C. P.; G. W. Cole, H. P.; H. J. Parker, S. W.; H. H. Green, J. W; T. Watson, 
 Scribe ; S. Weinstock, Treasurer. 
 
 Blartha Lodge. No. 6, Daughters of Rebecca, was organized January 21, 1870. The 
 ofl5cers are: L. J. Hall, N. G.; E. Butts, V. G.; M. Austin, II. S.; J. Watson, Treasurer. 
 
 Hope Lodge, No. 84-, I. 0. G-. T, organized April 7, 1869, with ten charter members. 
 The first W. C. was William R. Brown, and the first Recording Secretary was A. Pallister. 
 The membership of the Lodge is fifty-si.x, and the officers are : Horace L. Brown, W. C. T.; Mary 
 Whitton,W.V.T; Eva C. Knapp, P.W.C.T.; Charles Allen, W. R. S.; Fayette Butts, W. F. S.; 
 Lizzie Yorty, W. T. ; F. E. Jones, W. M. ; Rev. H. W. Carter, W. C. ; Jennie Randall, W. G. ; 
 Charles Blake, W. S. The Lodge is thoroughly efficient. 
 
 Honest Temple, No. S5, Juvenile Templars, was organized in March, 1878. Its officers 
 arc: Lincoln McClelland, C. T.; Edith Yorty, V. T.; Charles Whitton, P. C. T.; Neil Knapp, 
 R. S.; George Porter, F. S. ; Minnie Danforth, Treas.; Aimer Hall, M.; Frank Knapp, C; 
 Grace Whitton, I. G.; Andrew Yorty, 0. G. 
 
 The membership is forty-nine, and is composed of those who are in the habit-forming period 
 of life, namely, from six to sixteen years of age. Most of the members arc pledged to abstain 
 not only from intoxicants, but from tobacco and profanity. Fully six thousand of these Juve- 
 nile Templars are numbered in Wisconsin, and ought to be a potent factor in shaping the future 
 history of the State. 
 
 Brandon G-range, No. 52, was organized January 24, 1873, by Edwin Reynolds, Deputy 
 of the State Grange. The first Master was John Wormwood, and the first Secretary was R. C. 
 Kelly. The present membership is forty-four. 
 
 In the autumn of 1877, the Brandon Grange, in connection with several surrounding 
 Granges, organized a stock company for tlic management of a co-operative store in Brandon. 
 They commenced with a capital of $4,0.50. Chester Ilazen is President of the Cooperative 
 Association ; F. Collins, Secretary ; J. Wormwood, Treasurer. R. C. Kelly was engaged to 
 
 z 
 
760 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 take charge of the store, which has thus far been a success. It is conducted mainly on a cash 
 basis. The profits are divided among the stockholders, not in proportion to their stock invested, 
 but according to the amount of purchases they have made at the store during the year. Mr. 
 Kelly is assisted by Frank G. Fowler, salesman, and also most of the time by an additional clerk. 
 The capital, on the 1st of October, 18.79, was $5,950, showing a net increase of $1,904. The 
 Grangers express satisfaction at the result of the experiment. The present Master of the Lodge 
 is William Irwin, and the Secretary is 0. B. Knapp. 
 
 EAILROAD. 
 
 The efforts of this township and others in this locality were successful in securing railroad 
 connections, and the Milwaukee & Horicon Railroad was built through this township in 1856. 
 It passes northwesterly, from Section 36 to Section 3, in its course through Metomen. The 
 road is now owned by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company. It was built by 
 a construction company, who did not meet all their obligations, which caused some difficulties. 
 Near Reed's Corners, the tracklayers were forcibly prevented from putting down the rails, by the 
 unpaid workmen who had graded the road-bed. Civil and military aid was invoked and the rails 
 were laid amid much excitement. The scene of the encounter is still known as the " battle 
 ground." During the building of the railroad much freight had accumulated at Waupun, and 
 some was sent over the line before the regular running of trains. 
 
 Way-bill No. 1 and first freight receipt were dated Tuesday, October 14, 1856. The goods 
 were consigned to G. Perkins & Co., who were merchants, then located in the Walker House. 
 The senior member of that firm is now County Judge of Fond du Lac County. Regular freight 
 trains did not run until the 19th of October, 1856. The first regular passenger train which left 
 Milwaukee for Brandon, and returned on schedule time, came into Brandon with flying colors 
 about noon on Saturday, October 18, 1856. The event was an occasion of special rejoicing ; 
 Charles Larrabee, of Horicon, was the leading orator of the day ; a public dinner and free 
 drinks made it a memorable day. H. W. Gregory was the first station agent at Brandon. The 
 express and railroad agent at the present time is W. S. Randall. 
 
 MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 The village is fairly supplied with manufacturing establishments, and among the leading 
 ones are the planing-mill and sash, door and blind factory of C. P. Knapp ; the wagon factory 
 of Alexander Turner, and the fiouring-mill of H. G. Mathews. 
 
 There are two hotels — the Ensign House, kept by the owner. Esquire Ensign ; it has 
 twenty-two rooms for guests, has a good reputation, and is a pleasant home for pilgrims and 
 strangers. The Walker House, about the same size, is kept by the owner, Warren Hall. This 
 was the first hotel in Brandon, and still retains a share of the traveling patronage. 
 
 The business interests of Brandon are represented by enterprising men in the various depart- 
 ments of industry and commerce. An extended sketch of most of them will be found in the 
 Biographical Department of this History. A rich agricultural country is tributary to Brandon, 
 which is a thrifty village of 800 population. It contains four general stores, three hardware 
 stores, two drug stores, two groceries, three milliners' stores, one notion store, one jewelry 
 store, one flouring-mill, one planing-mill, two wagon-shops, three harness-shops, two shoe-shops, 
 two meat markets, two hotels, one merchant tailor, two paint-shops, one cooper-shop, one cabinet- 
 shop, three blacksmith-shops, one barber-shop, four grain warehouses, two lumber-yards, five grain 
 and produce buyers, two jobbers and contractors, two stonemasons, four agricultural-implement 
 dealers, one drayman, two justices of the peace, one lawyer, three doctors, four ministers and 
 four churches, three saloons, two insurance agents, one police magistrate, one broker, one news- 
 paper and printing office, one money-order post oSice, one depot, one graded high school and 
 seven secret societies. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 761 
 
 FAIRWATER. 
 
 In the southwestern part of Metomen, on the Grand River, in 1847, a flouring-mill was 
 built by Messrs. Dakin and Lathrop ; it was a favorable site for a village and was the starting- 
 point of Fairwater, which rapidly grew and was for ten years the commercial center of a large 
 tract of rapidly developing country. The railroad, in 1856, left Fairwater "out in the cold," 
 and a decline was inevitable. 
 
 The first church in Metomen was built at Fairwater. The society was organized February 
 2, 1850, with the name of the First Free- Will Baptist Church of Fairwater, under the minis- 
 trations of Rev. William Mitchell ; the first Clerk was Deacon R. M. Harwood. Their church 
 edifice was dedicated on the 10th of July, 1856, by Rev. Ransom Dunn. The cost was $1,600, 
 and, in 1863, the society built a $1,000 parsonage. The original membership was eight; the 
 present is thirty. The Trustees are F. Newland, C. Tinkham and P. P. Tucker, who also is 
 Clerk. John Hogben is Deacon, and Rev. J. P. Hewes, Pastor. This first church of the 
 town, at the present writing, is the scene of unusual religious interest. The First Regular 
 Baptist Church of Metomen, at Fairwater, was organized March 30, 1851; the Council was 
 held April 30, 1851. Original membership, thirteen. Elder Peck was the organizing Pastor. 
 Their church was dedicated in July, 1860. The society was at one time quite flourishing, but 
 by deaths and removals has become very small. It is now nominally a branch of the Ripon 
 Baptist Church, but most of the former members attend and help support the Free- Will Baptist 
 Church of Fairwater. No regular services are now held in the church ; it is the temporary 
 lodge-room of the Good Templ-ars. 
 
 The temperance people of Fairwater and vicinity organized Lodge No. Ill, of I. 0. of 
 Good Templars, on the 9th day of February, 1876. The oiScials are: W. C. T., Frank Hunt; 
 R. S., Warren Batson; Lodge Deputy, Frank Collins. They have a membership of forty, 
 and are in good working condition. 
 
 The first Evangelical Lutheran Church of East Fairwater was organized at a meeting 
 held on the ■21st of June, 1872. The presiding and recording oiBcers of said meeting were 
 William North and Louis Dreis. The first Pastor was Rev. G. Heolzel, who began his pastor- 
 ate in the autumn of 1872, and a church was erected the same season. The membership 
 includes forty-seven families. The President of the Board of Trustees is Gottlieb Klawon, 
 and the Clerk is H. Kath. 
 
 The leading industry of Fairwater is the flouring-mill of N. C. Hurlburt. The Post- 
 master is J. H. Brown. The village has two general stores, one flouring-mill, one blacksmith- 
 shop, one shoe-shop, two carpenter-shops, one stonemason, a post oflice, one secret society, two 
 ministers, three churches and one saloon. 
 
 reed's corners and metomen. 
 
 The northern portion of Metomen was settled as early as the western, and several of the 
 first settlers located in the vicinity of what is known as Reed's Corners. A post oQice was 
 established at that point in 1852, with Giles Eggleston as Postmaster. In 1847, a Wesleyan 
 Church society was organized by Rev. Marcellus Sarnum, but no church was built until 1857. 
 This organization was consolidated with or merged into a Congregational society on the 21st 
 of May, 1865, and Rev. S. Bristol was their first Pastor. The church property was deeded by 
 the Trustees of the former Wesleyan society to the new organization, which is named the " Sec- 
 ond Congregational Church of Metomen," and is located at Reed's Corners. The Deacons are 
 M. Barnum, L. Stillwell and G. C. Goodfellow. The Clerk is H. E. Stillwell. Pastor, Rev. 
 Heman Safibrd. Membership, thirty-two. 
 
 Rev. W. G. Miller, Methodist, held meetings on Section 2, near Reed's Corners, in 1846. 
 Services were afterward discontinued, but, in I860, were revived by Rev. S. S. Lang, who 
 organized a class and appointed S. T. Wilsie Class Leader. Their present church edifice was 
 built in 1866, during the pastorate of Rev. A. A. Reed. The Trustees are S. T. Wilsie, N. 
 
762 HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Van Camp, J. B. Russell, N. A. Miller and T. Hutchinson. The charge is connected with 
 Brandon, and is served by Rev. .Jesse Cole, as Pastor. Present membership about thirty. 
 
 The place was once of local importance, and had stores, shops,' depot, post ofBce, etc., but 
 in 1873, the post office and depot were removed half a mile south and the station named Meto- 
 men. The location of the two churches at Reed's Corners gives it prominence. It receives its 
 name from AVarren Reed, deceased, who was actively identified with the locality. 
 
 Mctomcn is the other railroad station in the township, besides Brandon. It has no busi- 
 ness houses, stores., shops or manufactories. The post office is in official charge of Mrs. E. 
 Reynolds. 
 
 There are two cheese factories in the town, one established by H. C. Kibbie, on Sec- 
 tion 18, in 1871. The other by Ilazon & Norris, on Section 26, in 1872. The town is 
 noted for its pleasant farmhouses and spacious, substantial b;irns. Probably no portion of 
 Wisconsin can show so largo a percentage of first-class barns as Metomen and the few surround- 
 ing towns. The contents of these barns are supposed to be more secure because of the 
 existence of a thoroughly organized Protective Association, with fully seventy members. The 
 name suggests its purpose. E. Roynohls is President, and R. M. Wilse, Secretary. In 1875, 
 the town had a population of 1,838, and will doubtless show its proportionate growth 
 according to the census of 1880. More than the usual percentage of old pioneers still retain 
 their original purchases from the United States Government. There are eleven schoolhouses 
 and nine churches in the town; the people, being largely from New England, are of the 
 class which builds churches and schoolliouscs very soon after securing their first cabin homes. 
 Metomen is a choice town, both in the fertility of its soil and in the character of its 
 inhabitants. 
 
 OAKFIELD. 
 
 This is a rich, prosperous and pleasant town. It was erected into the town of Lime by an 
 act approved February 2, 1816, and the name changed to Oakfield February 10, 1847. The 
 extensive and rich quarries of limestone afforded by the " Ledge," in Township 14 north, of 
 Range 10 east, suggested the name of Lime, and the beautiful oak openings suggested the pres- 
 ent name of Onkfield. It is about equally divided between the high oak openings and prairie. 
 That portion of Iloricon Marsh which extends into Oakfield has been drained, and is now 
 mostly tillable land. The Ledge is very prominent in this town. It furnishes lime, building 
 material, delicious springs and picturesque scenery — '■ Darling's Gap," a wild spot near the vil- 
 lage of Oakfield, being the most notable and attractive. Its winding crevices, deep caverns, 
 overhanging precipices and vast domes of disintegrated rocks attract thousands of tourists and 
 picnickers. 
 
 The first settlement was begun in 1810, south of the present village of Oakfield, by Rus- 
 sell Wilkinson, who came with his family from Rensselaer County, N. Y., early that year, and 
 built a log house. The Winnebago Indians were very numerous about the Ledge then, owing to 
 the abundance of game in its retreats, and were highly displeased by the invasion of the pale- 
 face. They stole nearly everything he possessed that was movable, and finally burned bis home 
 with all its contents. Mr. Wilkinson then procured a yoke of oxen and removed his wife, who 
 was in delicate health, to the house of Edward Pier, at Fond du Lac. The Indians then held 
 undisputed sway in that section until October, 1813, when Mr. AVdkinson and his brotlier Rob- 
 ert recurned to the farm and made a permanent settlement. They were for some time the only 
 white denizens of the town, but were joined not much later by John Wilkinson, John Beirne, 
 S. Botsford and Messrs. Silvernail, Ilubbard and Ilazen. When once the richness and^warmth 
 of the soil, the beauty of the location ami the healtlifulness of the climate became generally 
 known, tiie town settled with wonderful rapidity, and has always maintained itself in the front 
 rank of prosperous and populous towns. 
 
 The first town election was held in April, 1846, at Russell Wilkinson's house, at which C. 
 T. Rich was chosen Supervisor, and Lorenzo Ilazen, Clerk. 
 
 In 1844, Lorenzo Hazen was one of the leaders in forming the Washingtonian Society, the 
 first regularly organized temperance society in the county. 
 
IIISTUItY OF FOND Dl' LAC COUNTY. 763 
 
 The first birth was Martha, daughter of Robert Wilkinson, in iMay, 1844. 
 
 The first death was that of John Wilkinson, killed by the fall of a tree in 1 846. The 
 neighbors, meager in numbers and poor as they were, massed their means, and paid for the 
 "forty " which Mr. Wilkinson had entered, but not paid for, and gave it to his stricken family. 
 Russell Wilkinson died suddenly May 4, 1847. 
 
 The first marriage was Thomas Burns to Elizabeth Stene in 1844. 
 
 The first school was taught in 1845, by Mariah Moore, afterward Mrs. A. Hubbard, in a 
 schoolhouse built that year on Section 14. The town now contains eight schoolhouses. 
 
 The first sermon was preached in February, 1845, by Rev. Harvey Bronson, at Russell 
 Wilkinson's house. The first church was not erected until 1852, bv the Congregationalists, on 
 Section 22. ' , 
 
 The first post' office was established at Avoca, one mile east of what is now the village of 
 Oakfield, on Section 13. Isaac Orvis was the first Postmaster. Henry Cornell is the present 
 Postmaster of Oakfield, as it has many years been called. 
 
 The first mill was a saw-mill, built in 1844 by J. Allen. In 1851, Col. Henry Conklin 
 built the first flouring mill, at a cost of $12,000, on the East Branch of Fond du Lac River, near 
 the village of Avoca. 
 
 The first store was opened in 1845, on Section 22, by William I. Ripley. 
 
 In 1869, Strong & Hammond built the first cheese factory in the town. 
 
 In 1852, the Chicago & North-Western Railway was built through Oakfield. It maintains 
 two stations in the town — Oakfield and Oak Center. 
 
 The town of Oakfield never granted license to sell liquors of any kind as a beverage. 
 
 Oak Center is the geographical center of the town. It has a po.st office, store and elevator. 
 
 The Journal of September 15, 1848, said : " A fragment of a bowl or vase was presented 
 to us last week, which was found in the town of Oakfield, ten inches under ground. It is 
 about a quarter of an inch thick, marked with pai-allel lines and dots. The curve indicates the 
 vessel to have been fourteen inches in diameter. The substance appears to be a brown clay 
 burned." i\Iany other similar relics have been found in the town. 
 
 OAKFIELD VILLAGE. 
 
 The first village in the town of Oakfield was called Avoca, and was situated on Section 13, 
 on the "old plank road." Here were opened the first mill and established the first post office. 
 When the Rock River Valley Union Railway was put through the town the center of trade was 
 transferred to the present site of Oakfield, one mile west of Avoca. It is one of the most pleas- 
 ant inland hamlets in the county. From the residences on the hill. Fond du Lac, Lamartine, 
 Mount Calvary Monastery, the whole sweep of Lake Winnebago and a stretch of thirty miles 
 of hill and prairie can be seen, and the Ledge, only a few rods back of the village, is a resort 
 of all pleasure parties in the vicinity. 
 
 The most prominent industry, Putnam & Blair's sash, door and blind factory, was torn 
 down and removed in 1879, after years of prosperity. 
 
 The cheese factory, built by Strong & Hammond, in 1860, now owned by Bristol & Orvis. 
 is prosperous. 
 
 The Vermont House, so named because its builder came from Vermont, is owned and man- 
 aged by William H. Brown. It is the only hotel in Oakfield. Since coming into possession of 
 the house in 1876, Mr. Brown has enlarged and improved it. 
 
 The physicians are William Moore, J. W. Burns and G. B. Durand. Burns Bros., of 
 which firm Dr. J. W. Burns is a member, have the only drug store. 
 
 The general stores are by W. S. Russell, Bristol & Worthing and IT. Cornell. 
 
 Bogie & McDonald have the only meat market. 
 
 Oakfield Lodge, No. 158, A. F. & A. M., was granted a dispensation February 22, 1866, 
 and a charter June 13 of the same year, with the following charter members : William Moore, 
 N. Filby, H. Cornell, 0. Hatch, S. G. Pickett, D. H. Spencer and Theodore Conklin. The 
 
764 HISTORY OF FOXD DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 first officers were : S. G. Pickett, Master ; H. Cornell, Senior Warden ; N. Filby, Junior War- 
 den ; T. Conklin, Secretary ; and D. H. Spencer, Treasurer. The Lodge now has fifty mem- 
 bers; rents a hall in H. Cornell's building. The present ofiicers are: J. W. Burns, W. M.; 
 William Moore, S. W.; H. A. Burns, J. W.; H. A. Ripley, Secretary ; William Worthing, 
 Treasurer. The first officers elected after the charter had been granted were: H. Cornell, W. 
 M.; William Moore, S. W., and N. Filby, J. W. 
 
 Oakfield Lodge, No. 174, I. 0. 0. F., was organized December 24, 1869, with the follow- 
 ing charter members: John Hubbard, E. A. Hubbard, Thomas Burns, A. H. Odell, Michael 
 Foley, J. E. Collins. The first officers were: N. Filby, P. G.; J. H. Hubbard, N. G.; E. A. 
 Hubbard, V. G.; M. B. Dille, P. S.; Treasurer, A. H. Odell. The present officers are: A. A. 
 Swan, P. G.; E. T. Hitt, N. G.; W. S. Orvis, V. G.; L. R. Wells, R. S.; J. W. Burns, P. S.; 
 Thomas Burns, Treasftrer. The Lodge is in good working order, and has forty-two members. 
 Meetings are held in Masonic Hall. 
 
 The Sons of Temperance organized along in the fifties, but disbanded when the war broke 
 out. H. D. Hitt was the first Worthy Patriarch. 
 
 Wide-Awake Lodge, No. 504, I. 0. G. T., was organized in September, 1879, P. E. Gil- 
 son being the first Worthy Chief. The Lodge is wide-awake in more than name. It now has 
 thirty-five members, with frequent additions. P. E. Gilson still holds the office of Worthy 
 Chief. 
 
 Oakfield Grange, No. 55, was organized in 1872 with H. D. Hitt as Master. The lodge 
 has a fine hall over the cheese factory, and holds regular meetings at which all farm, fruit and 
 dairy topics are discussed in their season. The lodge now numbers forty thrifty fiirmers, with 
 Levi Large as Master. The Patron's Aid Society is a branch of the Grange, which secures for 
 the family of any member at his death an assessment of $1 from each member in the State. H. 
 D. Hitt, who is one of the Directors of this branch, was also one of its originators. 
 
 The Union Church was built in 1867, by a stock company, at a cost of $4,000 for build- 
 incr, site and furniture. The organization consists of about one hundred members who are stock- 
 holders. The building is free to be used by any denomination, and was erected with that plan 
 in view. The first officers were: H. D. Hitt, President; J. T. White, Treasurer, and E. A. 
 Putnam, Secretary. The present officers are : H. D. Hitt, President ; William Worthing, Secre- 
 tary, and Henry Cornell, Treasurer. 
 
 Grace Episcopal Church had its origin in an Episcopal Sunday school started in 1857 in 
 District No. 10, by Mrs. L. Russell and T. J. Wood. A school teacher named Palmer then 
 began lay-reading, and a sermon or two by Rev. George B. Eastman, of Fond du Lac, increased 
 the interest, and Mrs. Russell and Mrs. N. Filby began the collection of funds for the erection 
 of a church edifice. They were aided by Mrs. Robert Kinninment, in Brooklyn, N. Y. Finally, 
 a meeting for organizing the church was held, and the gathering lacking one of the number 
 required by law to complete the legal formation, Mrs. L. Russell crossed the field and asked in 
 William Butler, who then donated the site for the edifice. The consecration of the building, 
 erected on Section 13 but moved to its present location in Oakfield Village in 1868 or 1869, 
 took place in 1861, by Bishop Kemper. The first Pastor was Rev. Turner ; present Pastor, 
 Rev. W. E. Wright, residing at Waupun. The first officers were N. Filby, Senior Warden, and 
 Robert Palmer, Junior Warden. 
 
 Avoca Cemetery, platted in 1856, on Section 13, by H. D. Hitt and N. Filby, covers two 
 and one-quarter acres of ground, and is an unusually neat and well-kept burial place. It is beau- 
 tifully shaded by deciduous and evergreen trees. The first officers were H. D. Hitt, N. Filby 
 and Jacob Avery. The present officers are W. W. Wheeler, H. D. Hitt and A. H. Steen. 
 
 The first elevator in Oakfield was built in 1868 by George W. King. It burned, and he 
 erected in its place the present fine steam elevator, which some seasons is compelled to run night 
 and day. The proprietors are George W. King & Son. 
 
 M. R. Hubbard & George W. King erected a large steam hay-press which began a thriving 
 business eaidy in 1880. It is the only steam press in the county. 
 
HISTORY OF rOJTD DU LAC COUNTY. 765 
 
 Willard & Morgan built a steam saw-mill in the winter of 187U-80. It is also fitted with 
 mach-inery for turning out materials for various kinds of hardwood work. 
 
 The Henry Conklin mills, built in 1851, run now by H. Hanson and owned by C. K. Pier ; 
 the Avoca mills, built by Mr. Large and run by Charles Frensel, and ttie Stroup mills, built by 
 Isaac Orvis, are flouring-mills near Oakfield Village, all situated on the East Branch of the Fond 
 du Lac River. 
 
 0. W. Willai'd has a large stone wagon factory, the only one in Oakfield. 
 
 The school is graded and very thorough, although managed on the district plan. 
 
 OSCEOLA. 
 
 The name of the famous chief of the Florida Indians is perpetuated in the name of this 
 town — Township 14 north, of Range 19 east. It is rich in timber,' small lakes, fish and wild 
 waterfowl. The town was named by VV. R. Longstreet. It was first settled, probably, in 1845, 
 by Washington Noble, James Farr, and Peter Radliff, at what is now Waucousta. About eight 
 months later, W. R. Longstreet, John Beeson, William Mitchell and Silas Allen settled at the 
 same place, and John Graham, William Oliver, John Airhart, Joseph Cavanagh and others soon 
 after settled in other parts of the town. 
 
 The first birth was in William Oliver's family in 1847 ; Byron, son of John and Louisa 
 Graham, was born March 14, 1849. 
 
 The first marriage was that of Washington Noble to Helen Airhart. 
 
 In February, 1849, the infant daughter of Michael and Ellen Scannell died, and later the 
 same year, Mrs. Noble died — the first death in Osceola. 
 
 The first election was held in April, 1851, when the town was set off from Eden. Rev. J. 
 W. Whitney was elected Chairman ; W. R. Longstreet, Superintendent of Schools ; William 
 Mitchell, Clerk ; Leander Mayhew, Treasurer. 
 
 In 1850, Sarah J. Walters taught the first school, at the house of N. Carey. In the win- 
 ter of that year a schoolhouse was erected on Section 8. The town now contains seven good 
 schoolhouses. The first sermon was preached in William Mitchell's house, by Rev. John W. 
 Whitney, in 1847 ; probably the first church edifice was built in 1855 or 1856, on Section 2, by 
 the Catholics. 
 
 The first post office was called Osceola, as it is still. C. W. Prescott was the first Post- 
 master. 
 
 Post offices are now open at Dundee, Waucousta and Armstrong's Corners — the latter named 
 after Asher Armstrong. 
 
 The first saw-mill and first grist-mill were built at Waucousta, by John Beeson — the former 
 probably in 1848 ; the latter two or three years later. Both were on Middle Branch of the 
 Milwaukee River. 
 
 C. W. Pxescott entered the first land — northeast quarter of Section 9 — in 1846. 
 
 William Crosby built the first cheese factory in 1877, at Waucousta. 
 
 The first Irish settler was Michael Scannell, 1848 ; first German, John Airhart ; first 
 Scotchman, Willi:im Mitchell ; first Americans, William Oliver and John Graham. 
 
 The highest point of land in the town is on Section 34. 
 
 T. W. Pureell opened the first store in Osceola, at Waucousta, not earlier than the fall of 
 1859. J. H. Trentledge now has a large store at this place, and there are also blacksmith, 
 shoe and wagon shops, cheese factories, and the store kept by Mr. Tompkins, in which is the 
 post ofince. 
 
 At Dundee, which was platted, recorded and named by E. M. Mcintosh, in February, 1864, is 
 a good water-power. The first dam and saw-mill were built by Stephen Palmer and Mr. Mcin- 
 tosh, in 1855. Soon after, the property fell into the hands of William and Leroy Palmer, who 
 built the flouring-mill in 1858. It is now owned by F. HoUensteiner. The first Postmaster 
 at Dundee was I. S. Sheldon. The office is now kept by Jacoib Arimond, though F. HoUen- 
 steiner is Postmaster. Dundee Hotel is kept by Mr. Brokmeyer, who started the cattle fair 
 
766 HISTORY OF FOND BV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 for Dundee in 1870. There are three churches at this village — a Catholic mission, supplied by- 
 Father Michels, of New Cassel; a Reformed church, built in 1876, of which F. Hollensteiner is 
 Treasurer and Rev. F. Maurer, Pastor, and a Lutheran church, built in 1878. 
 
 RIPON. 
 
 Although a rich and important town, Ripon has little history of interest not to be found in 
 the history of the Wisconsin Phalanx and the city of Ripon. The first settlement and all 
 important events took place within the limits of the city of Ripon. As to who made the first 
 settlement of that portion of the town outside of the city is not undisputed, though D. P. 
 Mapes, Dr. Spalding and A. Loper were among the first. This is a magnificent town as to 
 location and soil, Green Lake Prairie, on which ic largely lies, being unsurpassed in Wisconsin. 
 The original marsh land, what there was, is now productive meadow or pasture, and the oak 
 openings have been turned into wheat fields. Rush Lake touches the north side of the town, 
 but destroys the vnlue of but little land. 
 
 By an act approved January 23, 184.5, the present towns of Ripon and Rosendale were 
 erected into the town of Ceresco, the first election being held in April of that year, at the house of 
 Lester Rounds. The next year, the town was reduced, by the organization of Rosendale, to its 
 present dimension^ — Township 16 north, Range 11 east. 
 
 The Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railway crosses the town from east to west; the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul from north to south, and the Oshkosli & Mississippi crosses Sections 1, 
 11, 12, 14 and 15, extending northeast from Ripon City. 
 
 At Arcade, a mile west of Ripon City, is a fine water-power, which drives the Arcade 
 Flouring-Mills, owned by J. N. Foster and W. F. and S. Crawford. The mill is equipped, also, 
 with steam machinery, for use during low water, and is one of the most modern and prosperous 
 custom mills in the county. 
 
 Ripon Farmers Fire Insurance Company. — This comprises the towns of Ripon and 
 Metomen, in Fond du Lac County, and Green Lake and Brooklyn, in Green Lake County. It 
 was organized, under the State law, in 1874, and began issuing policies June 6, of that year, 
 with a capital of $200,000. The charter members, or original incorporators, were Edwin 
 Reynolds, C. W. Foster, P. Cole, E. Babcock, H. Willard, H. S. HoUenbeck, W. 0. Hargrave, 
 James Henderson, William Palmiter, Mrs. Jane Frazier, N. Van Camp, S. T. Wilsie, Robert 
 Sheldon, J. M. Bonnell, E. P. West, A. G. Kellogg, F. Bessett, M. Barnum, John Niver, A. 
 Osborn, H. B. Reed, J. H. Ilurlbut, A. R. Hargrave, William Ralston, Josiah Batson, J. W. 
 Allen and J. E. Mason. The first Directors were J. Niver, R. Sheldon, J. H. Hurlbut, H. B. 
 Reed, A. Osborn, J. Batson, J. W. Allen, J. E. Mason and E. P. West. First officers : J. H. 
 Hurlbut, President; R. Sheldon, Vice President; John Niver, Treasurer; E. P. West, Secre- 
 tary. Present officers are: R. Sheldon, President; H. B. Reed, Vice President; J. M. Cuy- 
 kendall. Treasurer, and E. P. West, Secretary. The number of policies now in'force is about 
 five hundred, insuring $725,000 of property. For five years, the total cost for losses and all 
 expenses was 6^^ mills in the dollar. 
 
 The ofiices of Chairman and Town Clerk have been filled in Ripon by the following : 
 1845 (Ceresco), Morris Farmin and LTriel Farmin ; 1846, Lester Rounds and William Starr; 
 1847, J. M. Clark and William Starr : 1848, D. P. Mapes and William Starr ; 1849, William 
 Starr and James Stewart; 1850, William Starr and Stephen Bates; 1851, W^arren Chase and 
 Stephen Bates; 1852, E. A. Newton and Samuel Sumner; 1853, T. B. Robbins and Samuel 
 Sumner ; 1854, A. B. Beardsley and Samuel Sumner ; 1855, A. B. Beardsley and C. J. Allen ; 
 1856, D. P. Mapes and J. V. Fitch. 1857 (Ripon), H. H. Mead and H. S. Town, and also 
 Abram Thomas and H. S. Town; 1858, Abram Thomas and S. M. Brown; 1859, Abram 
 Thomas and Ferdinand Richter ; 1860, Abram Thomas and Ferdinand Richter; 1861, T. B. 
 Robbins and H. E. Stihvell ; 1862, T. B. Robbins and 11. E. Stilwell ; 1868, T. B. Robbins 
 and H. E. Stilwell ; 1864, T. B. Robbins and H. E. Stilwell ; 18G5, William Light and H. E. 
 Stilwell ; 1866, William Light and H. E. Stilwell ; 1867, H. H. Dixon and H. E. Stilwell ; 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 767 
 
 1868, A. A. Loper and H. E. Stilwell ; 1869, A. A. Loper and H. E. Stilwell ; 1870, A. A. 
 Loper and H. E. Stilwell ; 1871, A. A. Loper and H. E. Stilwell ; 1872, A. A. Loper and 
 H. E. Stilwell ; 1873, A. A. Loper and H. E. Stilwell ; 1874, A. A. Loper and I. F. Stickle; 
 1875, E. P. West and L F. Stickle, W. M. Ralston ; 1876, E. P. West and W. M. Ralston ; 
 1877, W. M. Ralston and J. M. Bonnell ; 1878, W. M. Ralston, A. R. Ilargrave and J. M. 
 Bonnell; 1879, E. Babcock and J. M. Bonnell. 
 
 KOSENDALE. 
 
 In an early day the name Rosendale was the most appropriate that could have been given 
 to the tract of land constituting the town of that name. It was suggested by Mrs. George D- 
 Curtis, " because it was such a perfect dale of roses." The town, as erected by tlie act of Feb- 
 ruary 2, 1846, was much larger than at present, consisting of Township 16, Range 15 ; the north 
 half of Township 15, Range 15, and Sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 16, 17 and 18 of Township 15, 
 Range 16. It was finally reduced to its present dimensions when Springvale, Eldorado and 
 Lamartine were organized. 
 
 The first settler was Samuel Sanborn, who located on the southeast quarter of Section .35, 
 in June, 1844. He. plowed during the summer, keeping " old bach," and sowed wheat in the fall. 
 He returned to Waukesha County for the winter, returning with his family in the spring of 1845. 
 Dana Lamb, however, had located in the town with his family before Mr. Sanborn's returned 
 in the spring ; so Mrs. Lamb was the first woman in the settlement. That year also came over 
 twenty other families, and in 1846, nearly as many more, and Rosendale at once became one of 
 the leading towns in the county, which position it still maintains. 
 
 The first election was April 7, 1846, at the house of Samuel Sanborn; electing Samuel 
 Sanborn, W. H. H. Dodd and H. C. Ward, Supervisors ; F. Scofield, Clerk ; S. Sanborn and 
 H. A. Bixby, Assessors; J. D. Price, Collector; H. W. Wolcott, W. H. H. Dodd and Dana 
 Lamb, Justices ; Jerome Yates, B. Dodd and S. E. Smith, Constables ; Jerome Yates, H. W. 
 Wolcott and 0. Grant, School Commissioners; G. D. Curtis, Dana Lamb and A. Kenyon. Fence 
 Viewers ; C. M. Balcom, A. Kenyon and L. A. Bemis, Road Commissioners ; Stephen R. San- 
 born, Sealer of Weights and Measures. 
 
 The first birth was that of James, son of Alban Harroun, October, 1845. [This was in 
 what is now Springvale.] 
 
 The first marriage [also in what is now Springvale], Eliphalet Smith to Sallie Warren, 
 November. 1846. 
 
 The first death, Mrs. Jerod Patrick, daughter of Jonathan Dodd, May 22, 1846. 
 
 The first schoolhouse was built in 1845 and 1846, on Section 35, of logs, and Dwight 
 Hall taught the first school in the winter of 1846. 
 
 Rev. Jeremiah Murphy, Baptist, preached the first sermon in Samuel Sanborn's house, in 
 January, 1846. The first church edifice was raised November 4, 1853, on Section 35, by the 
 Congregationalists. The town now contains si.x churches — Methodist, German, Episcopal, Free- 
 Will Baptists, Congregationalist, and Welsh Congregationalist. 
 
 The first post ofiice was called Rosendale, and was near the present one of the same name ; 
 established in May, 1846, Dana Lamb, Postmaster. J. R. Blackburn is now Postmaster. 
 
 In the fall of 1846, Jonathan Daugherty opened the first store in Rosendale, for Fay & 
 Collins, where the present village is situated. 
 
 Cars passed through Rosendale on February, 1872, on the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Rail- 
 road. Two stations are maintained in the town — Rosendale and West Rosendale. 
 
 At its organization the town voted "no license." and has never changed that decision. 
 
 At the first election. Captains William and N. P. Stevens offered to vote but were debarred. 
 They entered into an argument and finally convinced the Judge that " seafaring men could 
 vote at any seaport in the United States," and were allowed to vote. So Rosendale has been 
 a "seaport" since that time. 
 
 A. H. Bowewas the first physician in the town. Rosendale contains several large mounds, 
 from some of which have been taken bones and various interesting evidences of a prehistoric 
 
768 HISTORY OF FOND DV LAC COUNTY. 
 
 race. Rosendale is comparatively level and has a warm, rich, quick soil. It is one of the lead- 
 ing farming towns of the county in nearly all branches, and fruits of various kinds are raised with 
 fair SUCC2SS. Originally the town was moderately wooded, but the e.xtent of heavy forests was 
 very limited. The West Branch of Fond du Lac River has a portion of its source in a marsh in 
 the center of the town, but the streamlets forming its head-waters are mostly from Springvale. 
 The town contains no mills, water-power or manufactories, and not much stone of any kind. It 
 has always been a forehanded section of the county, and its society is good, the people being 
 nearly all natives of New York or New England. Some of its prominent men were Philetus 
 Sawyer, C. F. Hammond, Henry C. Bottum, Dr. A. H. Bowe, Dr. Storrs Hall, James Saund- 
 ers, Joseph Scribner and N. C. Hill, who were early settlers. A list of its first settlers com- 
 prises the folloAving : 1844 and 1845 — Samuel Sanborn, Dana Lamb, Frederick Scofield, Job 
 Humphries, Henry Wheeler, Almon Kenyon, George D. Curtis, Henry W. Wolcott, William 
 H. H. Dodd, C. M. Balcora, Alban Harroun, James Port, Noah H. Jewett, Henry C. Ward, 
 H. A. Bixby, Jerome Yates, Bushnel Dodd, Othello Grant, J. D. Pierce, S. R. Sanborn. L. A. 
 Bemis, Samuel E. Smith, Allen Perry, David Brinkerhoft", John H. Chapman, Frederick Jewett. 
 1846 — James T. Elliott, Moses Ranger, S. D. Ranger, Samuel B. Parsons, Clinton Matte- 
 son, C. R. Pease, James Scofield, D. C. Thompson, Eliphalet Smith, Myron Howe, C. Stow, 
 John Ackerson, Thomas Fletcher. 
 
 ROSENDALE FARMERS' INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 In March, 1873, Joseph Scribner and H. C. Bottum, a committee appointed by the Farm- 
 er's Club, circulated the articles necessary to form an insurance company under the State 
 law. The required number of signatures were obtained, and the company organized March 7, 
 1874, thirty-four persons subscribing $34,300 of capital. The first oiBcers were : W. J. Jen- 
 nings, President ; C. H. Seymour, Secretai-y and Treasurer. Directors— W. J. Jennings, C. 
 H. Seymour, Melvin Duel, A. C. Perry, Canfield Marsh, H. C. Bottum and Joseph Scribner. 
 The present officers are : Joseph Scribner, President ; C. H. Seymour, Secretary and Treas- 
 urer ; Frank Bowe, Assistant Secretary. Directors — Joseph Scribner, C. H. Seymour, Frank 
 Bowe, W. T. Innis, C. W. Frederick, C. H. Anderson an<l A. C. Perry. The amount insured, 
 by towns, January, 1880, was as follows: Rosendale, §190,150; Springvale, $241,305; Eldo- 
 rado, .§240,792 ; Lamartine, $26,091. Total, .?698,16:3. The Company is for the four towns 
 just enumerated. 
 
 ROSENDALE FARMERS' CLUB. 
 
 The formation of this Club was suggested by W. J. Jennings, on Thanksgiving Day, 1865, 
 and was organized a week later. The first annual meeting was held in January, 1866, at which 
 W. J. Jennings was chosen President, and W. B. Disbrow, Secretary. Rev. J. N. Powell then 
 delivered the first annual address, and the custom has been kept up every year since. Mr. Jen- 
 nings was President nine years. The present officers are: William J. Barnes, President; E. S. 
 Jenkins, Secretary. 
 
 The most successful and influential farmers, stock and fruit growers are members of the 
 Club, and its discussions are widely published. The first meeting in each month is a "social " 
 one, at which essays, music, readings and a good repast are served, the ladies being always in 
 attendance. 
 
 Two conventions have been held under the auspices of the Club ; one, a general convention 
 for Northern Wisconsin, in 1872, which was largely attended, and the other a county conven- 
 tion, held in honor of Washington's Birthday, February 22, 1876. 
 
 ROSENDALE VILLAGE. 
 
 This little hamlet is not wholly in the town of Rosendale, the South Side being in Spring- 
 vale. The first hotel was built by Daugherty & Woodruff, on the Springvale side, in 1847. In 
 1850, Wheeler & Humphrey erected a larger hotel where Blackburn's hotel now stands, in Ros- 
 endale. The builders were the first landlords. In 1878, J. R. Blackburn rebuilt and enlarged 
 this hotel, making a large, comfortable and well-appointed hostelry of it. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUXTY. 769 
 
 C. Stowe opened the first blacksmith-shop in 1846. 
 
 The village has two stores, a drug store, blacksmith-shops, cheese factory and hotels. 
 
 The school has two departments, and was formerly called Rosendale Academy, the orig- 
 inator being A. S. Crooker. 
 
 W. H. H. Dodd was, for twenty-five years, the leading merchant of Rosendale. He resides 
 now in Dakota. 
 
 The first Episcopal services were held in 1847, by Bishop Kemper. In April, 1861, Rev. 
 F. Durlin organized St. Mark's Church, with B. Pinkney, Senior Warden ; A. H. Bowe, 
 Junior Warden. Vestrymea — George AValton, W. Danielson and Adam Seely. The corner- 
 stone of the church edifice was laid in I860, and the consecration was by Bishop Kemper April 
 12, 1864. The building cost .$1,800. The church has been supplied mostly by the Rector of 
 the church at Ripon. 
 
 The Congregational Church was given its first sermon by Rev. Dana Lamb, and was organ- 
 ized in the schoolhouse May 21, 1848, by him, with twenty members. The 'first Deacons were 
 David Brinkerhoff, Homer Barnes and W. G. Winnegar. The church edifice was built at a 
 cost of $2,000, while Rev. Dana Lamb was Pastor, in 1854. The dedication took place in 
 January, 1855. In 1870, the building was enlarged and repaired, and again dedicated Septem- 
 ber 5, of that year. • The church property consists of the building, site and a parsonage, which 
 cost $1,100, purchased in 1875. ,The first Pastor was Rev. L. Bridgeman ; the present Pastor 
 is Rev. E. J. Montague ; the present Deacons, Storrs Hall, I. N. Woodruff', George C. Hill and 
 C. L. Hoyt, 
 
 The first Methodist services and the organization of the first class took place in December, 
 
 1848, or January, 1849, in the schoolhouse, under Rev. Lathrop. The first class consisted of 
 Mr. and Mrs. H. G. Halsted, Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Kibby, J. W. Innis, Miss E. Covell, Mr. and 
 Mrs. E. Warring, Mr. W. Hyde and his mother, Mr. and Mrs. Nelson Ballard and two daughters, 
 and four others. The first Trustees were H. G. Halsted, John M. Cowhan, A. H. Bowe, H. W. 
 Wolcott,. George D. Curtis, J. Berto, Almon Burt, A. L. Kibby and AVilliam Stevens. 
 
 Services were held in a schoolhouse until 1854, when the church edifice was built, at a cost 
 of $1,219. It was dedicated by Rev. N. E. Cobleigh, of Appleton, in January, 1855. The 
 property is valued at $3,000 — $2,500 for the church and site, and $500 for the parsonage. The 
 first Pastor was Rev. Lathrop ; the present Pastor is J. B. Trenery ; present Trustees, A. Sisson, 
 John O'Neil, E. S. Jenkins, A. H. Bowe, W. J. Barnes, Frank Bowe, T. Murray, C. Marsh and 
 James Thomas. 
 
 The Chairmen and Clerks of Rosendale have been as follows: 1846 and 1847, Samuel 
 Sanborn, Chairman, and F. Scofield, Clerk; 1848, Jonathan Daugherty and George D. Curtis; 
 
 1849, Jerome Yates and George D. Curtis ; 1850, Charles F. Hammond and Joseph Scribner ; 
 1851 and 1852, Charles F. Hammond and William H. Strong : 1853, George D. Curtis and 
 Charles F. Hammond ; 1854, Bertine Pinkney and S. M. Smead ; 1855, Clinton Matteson, 
 S. M. Smead; 1856. Clinton Matteson and Charles Pinkney; 1857, H. W. Wolcott and H. 
 C. Bottum; 1858 and 1859, J. W. Sanders and H. C. Bottum ; 1860 and 1861, Stanton For- 
 dice and H. C. Bottum ; 1862, Jerome Yates and H. C. Bottum ; 1863 and 1864, Wm. T. Innis 
 and H. C. Bottum ; 1865 and 1866, George D. Curtis and H. C. Bottum ; 1867, Stanton For- 
 dice and H. C. Bottum; 1868, Wm. Scribner and H. C. Bottum ; 1869, M. D. Kenyon and 
 J. W. Powell, William L. Vincent ; 1870, J. W. Sanders and H.C. Bottum ; 1871, E. C. Stew- 
 art and H. C. Bottum; 1872-73-74-75, H. C. Bottum and John Wilson; 1876 and 
 1877, H. C. Bottum and Charles Pinkney ; 1878, George D. Curtis and E. C. Stewart, and 
 Charles Pinkney ; 1879, E. C. Stewart and Charles Pinkney. 
 
 SPRINGVALE. 
 
 This town— Township 15 north, of Range 15 east — is purely an agricultural district, being 
 without railroads, villages, water-powers or manufacturing interests. By an act of the Legisla- 
 ture approved March 11. 1848, it was made a separate town, and the first election was held at 
 Abel Willard's house. The name was suggested either bv Squire Dana Lamb or Warren 
 
770 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 Whiting — probably by the former — on account of the numerous vales and springs within its 
 limits. The first land was entered in 1844, on Section 35, by John A. Allen, but the first 
 settler was William Cheeney, who located on Wedge's Prairie, Section 3.3, in April, 1845 ; very 
 soon after, Chester Hazen located in the town, and was the second settler. Alban Harroun, 
 James Post, W. H. H. Dodd, E. B. Parsons, Rev. Dana Lamb, Squire Dana Lamb and several 
 others are claimed as first settlers by both Rosendale and Springvale, because, doubtless, the 
 latter for two years formed a part of the former. 
 
 The first religious services were held at William Cheeney's house, in November, 1845. 
 
 The first post' office was Rosendale, Squire Dana Lamb, Postmaster, established in May, 
 1846, in Rosendale. The first office in Springvale proper was Pulaski, established February 
 26, 1847, William Cheeney, Postmaster. 
 
 Tiie first marriage was Mr. E. Smith to Miss Sallie Warren ; second, F. Scofield to Calista 
 C. Bemis ; both in November, 1846. 
 
 The first birth was H. Sydney, son of John and Melissa Hazen, in September, 1847. 
 
 The first religious (M. E.) class was formed June 3, 1'846, by Rev. W. G. Miller, at 
 William Cheeney's house, consisting of William Cheeney, leader, Abigail Cheeney, D. S. Cowles, 
 Ann Cowles and Mr. and Mrs. Henry Moore. 
 
 The first death was Phoebe, wife of John Yates and daughter of Amos Prouty, died March 
 14, 1848. 
 
 The first school was taught by Mrs. H. N. Jewett in a shanty on Section 18. 
 
 The first cheese factory (see another part of this work) was built by Chester Hazen at Ladoga. 
 
 Rev. Dana Lamb was the first minister in Springvale. He desired to name the town 
 Aynee, the Indian name for Rock River, a branch of which rises in this town, but failed to have 
 his views indorsed. 
 
 The Methodists erected a church edifice in Section 2, in the town of Waupun, in 1868, 
 which is used largely by members living in Springvale. It cost $1,800. The Trustees were J- 
 M. Hawkins, William Cheeney, W. S. Randall, G. G. Randall, W. M. Stearns; present Trustees, 
 J. M. Hawkins, William Cheeney, W. S. Randall, G. G. Randall, William Stearns, William 
 Galland, George Rogers and Thomas Walters. 
 
 The Baptist society never built a church in Springvale. 
 
 The Universalist society was organized in 1849, but has never erected a church edifice. 
 It was organized by Rev. Joseph Ward, and has twenty members. 
 
 The Catholics held their first services in 1847 at J. 0. Riley's house, Father Haley, of 
 Watertown, officiating, and for three years thereafter services were continued by dift'erent priests 
 at Mr. Riley's residence. In 1858, the church building, costing $1,500, was erected on Section 
 17, and has been supplied by priests from Fond du Lac, Ripon or Waupun, since that time. 
 The church embraces fifty families. 
 
 The Chairmen and Clerks of Springvale have been as follows : 1848, Warren Whiting and 
 Charles D. Beers; 1849, Warren Whiting and A. C. Whiting; 1850, Warren Whiting and A. 
 C. Whiting; 1851, H. I. Ackerman and Charles D. Beers; 1852, A. C. Whiting and James 
 T. Elliott; 1858, A. C. Whiting and Joseph Scribner; 1854, A. C. Whiting and Edward 
 Ensign; 1855, W. B. Disbrow and Edward Ensign; 1856, W. B. Disbrow and Edward Ensign; 
 1857, Edward Ensign and F. M. Wheeler; 1858, W. B. Disbrow, J. B. Spencer; 1859, 'W. 
 B. Disbrow and J. B. Spencer; 1860, G. F. Wheeler and Edward Ensign; 1861, Warren 
 Whiting and Edward Ensign; 1862, A. C. Whiting and Edward Ensign; 1863, J. B. Spencer 
 and Edward Ensign: 1864. J. B. Spencer and Edward Ensign; 1865, F. M. Wheeler and 
 Edward Ensign; 1866, F. M. Wheeler and Edward Ensign; 1867, James H. Scofield and C. 
 H. Seymour; 1868, James H. Scofield and C. H. Seymour; 1869, S. Wilkinson and C. H. 
 Seymour; 1870, S. Wilkinson and C. H. Seymour; "l871, S. Wilkinson and G. W. Sizer; 
 1872, S. Wilkinson and C. H. Seymour; 1873, T. K. Gillett and Frank Bowe ; 1874, T. K. 
 Gillett and Frank Bowe; 1875, F. M. Wheeler and Frank Bowe; 1876, T. K. Gillett and 
 Frank Bowe; 1877, A. C. Whiting and Frank Bowe; 1878, F. M. Wheeler and Frank Bowe; 
 1879, T. K. Gillett and D. E. Whiting. 
 
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 771 
 
 ALTO. 
 
 Alto is the southwestern township in Fond du Lac County. It is bounded north by JMeto- 
 men, east by Waupun, south by Trenton, in Dodge County, and west by Mackford, in Green Lake 
 County. It is Township 14 north, in Range 14 east. It contains 2.3,153.'31 acres, wliich is 
 93.31 acres more than thirty-six full sections. It was subdivided by John Brink in November, 
 1834, and in his field notes he wrote: "This township is second rate, and rolling, save its 
 marshes. It is thinly timbered with burr oak, white oak, yellow and black oak, except its 
 prairies and marshes, where trees are wholly wanting. The soil is of a yellow, ashy color, of clay 
 loam and sand. The streams are sluggish and have a muddy channel." Fully one-fourth of 
 its area is marsh, most of which yields valuable hay product. Nearly one-half was openings and 
 timber land, which is highly prized by wheat-raisers. The remainder is prairie, rolling, 
 warm and rich. The South Fork of the Rock River passes through the entire width of the 
 town in its southern part, having two principal branches coming in from the north. Tliese, with 
 brooks and springs, give abundant supply of water. Notwithstanding the United States 
 Surveyor marked tbe soil of the town "second rate," it is, in fact, rich and highly productive. 
 Wheat and woo'd are the chief exports. Waupun and Brandon afford convenient markets. 
 
 Frances D. Bowman, formerly of Rochester, N. Y., was the first settler in Alto, having 
 located on Section 36 late in 1841, and for more than two years, was the "monarch of all 
 he surveyed" in the town. His daughter, born in 1842, was the first birth, and his son, 
 born in 1844, was the second child ia the town. After spending a season there, he went to 
 Ohio and bought a flock of sheep and drove them to Alto, while he was still the " Robinson 
 Crusoe" of the town. William Talcott was probably the second settler, and came early in 
 1844. Silas JMiller, a lay preacher of the Methodist Episcopal Church, came the same year; 
 he named "Alto." Marcus Thwing, Dr. Green, iMr. Ilillyer and perhaps a few others came 
 with their families in 1844. Martin Grider is undoulttedly the earliest settler who still lives 
 in the town ; he moved his family into Alto in May, 1845, but he had entered land and sowed 
 wheat in the fall of 1844. Mr. Bowman sold his claim in 1845 to F. F. Davis. Mr. Davis 
 was afterward Sheriff of the county. His daughter, Cornelia C, died of consumption on the 
 7th of December, 1845. In the summer of 1846, Miss An^reline Booth taught the first school 
 in Alto in the house of Mr. Davis, and the first i-cli(rious mcctinii; in the town was also at 
 his house — preaching by Silas Miller, the father of Rev. W. G. Miller, who is now so favorably 
 known in Wisconsin., Silas Midler built a saw-mill on a branch of Rock River, in the southeast 
 part of the town, in 1845. /The first advent of a Holland er (said to have been a JSI r. Mc enk') 
 into Alto was in 1845, and now threfiJiiiiutlis of the population are of that nationality"^ I'olit- 
 ically, Alto is the banner Republican town of the county. In 1875 the inhabitants num- 
 bered 1,430. The Chicago, JMilwaukcc & St. Paul Railway passes through the noi-theast corner 
 of this town, but the nearest station is, on the north, Brandon, and on the south, Waupun. 
 
 Alto-was organized on the Gth of April, 1847, at a meeting held in, the schoolhouse near 
 Miller's mill, in the southeast part of, tiie town. Tdwnsend Green was Moderator, and 
 Benjamin Davis and Frederick Talcott were Clerks. Tbe north half of Alto had previously 
 been connected with Metomcn, and the south half with Waupun, for town purposes. The first 
 town officers elected were : Chiirman, M. Talcott; Side Supervisors, J. R. jNIathews and William 
 Talcott; Town Clerk, G. W. Sexmith; Justices of the Peace, F. F. Davis, G. W. Sexmith and 
 Henry Boai'dman ; Assessors, Daniel W. Briggs; Treasurer, Zephaniah Miller; Scliool Com- 
 missioners, David Adams, T. Green and F. Talcott. At this first town meeting the proposition 
 to confer "equal suffrage to colored people" was voted down by five majority . The "anti- 
 license" ticket was carried at the same election by twelve majority. The town officers of Alto 
 in the spring of 1880 are: Chairman, G. II. Downey; Side Supervisors, Jolm Bruins and 
 William J. Boom ; Treasurer, John Gysbers ; Assessor, John W. Kastein ; Clerk, William H. 
 Smithers. 
 
772 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 The first school district wa^. organized March 18, 1850, at a meeting, of which George 
 W. Sexmith was Chairman and Z. Miller Secretary, held for that purpose. The first oflicers 
 were: George AV. Sexmith, Director; A. McMasters, Clerk, and John L. Sargent, Treasurer. 
 The first schoolhouse, a frame building, 24x18 feet, was erected, that season, on Section 23, 
 and Clara F. Pierce taught the first school in it, during three months, at $5 per month. The 
 tax first raised amounted to $85 for all purposes. In 1877, a building costing $1,400 was 
 erected. Alto now has nine schools, of which three are in union districts. 
 
 In 1856, February 1-3, land was bought, in Section 23, for a church building, on which 
 " Ebenezer Church" now stands. It was organized as the Reformed Church, with forty-seven 
 members, which number has swollen to about two hundred, embracing 100 families. The con- 
 gregation is divided into three classes, which meet on difi'erent week-days to receive instruction. 
 The first Trustees of this church were M. Mensink, F. Beeuwkos, M. Duven, G. Duitman, G. 
 Stilsel, C. Landaal, J. Straks, .J. Landaal, L. Sligster and J. W. Kastein. The first settlement 
 of the people composing this church, who are Hollanders, in Alto, was in 1846, near the center 
 of the town. They immediately began to hold religious services in private houses, building a 
 church of logs in 1848, which building, 10x26 feet, was also used for a schoolhouse. These 
 people now form, in this part of the town, a very large, thrifty and respectable portion of the 
 inhabitants, the 101 school children in District No. 1 being all Hollanders. 
 
 There are now seven churches in Alto, and all, save one, are well sustained. The First 
 Reformed or " Ebenezer" Church was first organized. The others are the Second Reformed 
 or "Ebenezer" Church, which was recently built, mainly at the expense of Henry Bruins; 
 the Dutch Presbyterian and the Dutch Congregational, the German Methodist and the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Churches, and one Congregational Church, in which no regular meetings are 
 held, the society being much reduced by deaths and removals. 
 
 Alto has two stores, but neither a village, nor a saloon, nor a post office ; though, in early 
 days, a post office, called Black Hawk, was located in the center of a large prairie of the same 
 name, on a spot which the celebrated Imlian chieftain and warrior of that name is said to have 
 once used as a camp. 
 
 The following have served as Chairmen and Clerks of the town of Alto : 1847, Milton 
 Talcott and George W. Sexmith ; 1848, S. A. Carpenter and G. W. Sexmith ; 1849, Henry 
 Boardman and G. A. Russell; 1850, Daniel Wilcox and R. M. Harwood ; 1851, H. Boardman 
 and A. McMaster ; 1852, James McElroy and R. M. Harwood ; 1853, William Brisbane and R. 
 M. Harwood ; 1854, R. M. Harwood and D. Adams ; 1855-56, R. M. Harwood filled both 
 oSices ; 1857, 0. L. Olmstead and R. M. Harwood; 1858, R. M. Harwood filled both ofiices ; 
 1859-60, J. McElroy and A. J. Mattoon ; 1S61, A. J. Mattoon and R. M. Harwood; 1862, J. 
 McElroy and R. M. Harwood ; 1863, J. McElroy and A. J. Mattoon ; 1864, Jehiel Wight and A. 
 J. Mattoon ; 1865, J. McElroy and A. J. Mattoon served two terms ; 1868, J. McElroy and A. 
 J. Mattoon (Mattoon died and W. H. Smithers appointed to fill the vacancy, and has since con- 
 tinuously held the office). The Chairmen since then have been: 1869, J. McElroy; 1870, H. 
 C. Williams; 1871, J. McElroy; 1872, J. McElroy. Mr. McElroy served a portion of the 
 term, and was succeeded by G. H. Downley, who has since held the office. 
 
 T.VYCIIEEDAH. 
 
 This town took its name from the village of that name, which was at one time larger than 
 Fond du Lac, and promised not only to be the commercial metropolis of this portion of Wiscon- 
 sin, but the county seat of Fond du Lac County. 
 
 Taycheedah formerly belonged to the town of Fond du Lac ; then was made up of the towns 
 of Forest, Empire, a portion of Friendship (across the lake) and its present territory ; then of 
 the present town of Empire and half of Taycheedah as it is ; and now is composed of the north 
 tier of sections which should belong to Empire and twenty-three full and several fractional sec- 
 tions in Township 16 north, of Range 18 east. It has been in this shape since Empire was 
 organized, in 1851. Lake Winnebago cuts into the town on the west, leaving but twenty-nine 
 
HISTORY OF FOXD DU LAC COUNTY. 773 
 
 full sections of land within its limits. Of this land, Nehemiah King, Deputy United States 
 Surveyor, said in 1835 : 
 
 " Under the Ledge, there is very fine timber and a soil as rich as any other in this country. 
 On the upper level, the timber is somewhat deficient in quantity and growth. Some of the 
 prairie is rather wet, but will make fine meadows. From the commanding prospect from the 
 upper level, the lake [VVinnebago], stretching as far to the north as the eye can reach, and to 
 the west from six to ten miles — there are but few places that can compete with this for beauty 
 of situation. It will probably be a healthy location.' 
 
 Francis D. McCarty and Reuben Simmons lived in a shanty in the south part of Tay- 
 cheedah, from December, 1838, to the spring of 1839. This was the first settlement in that 
 part of the town. Mr. Simmons then built a house, near by, for James Duane Doty, and Mr. 
 McCarty erected one for himself where the village of Taycheedah now stands. During the sum- 
 mer of 1838, 0. P. Knapp entered land in the timber, further north, which was the first settle- 
 ment in that part of the town, and might be called the first in what is now Taycheedah. The 
 many beautiful springs bursting from the Ledge, the delightful location and bright prospects for 
 the future, called settlers rapidly to Taycheedah. They were at first mostly from New York, 
 Ohio and New England, and Taycheedah once could claim more tlian half of the aristocracy, 
 culture and honorable men of the entire county. No town has undergone greater changes in 
 this respect. The governors, judges, generals, lawyers and other high officials have all emi- 
 grated or paid the last debt of nature, and a community of German and Irish farmers has taken 
 their place. ' 
 
 The Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railway crosses ten sections of Taycheedah. It was built 
 in 1868, and maintains three stations in the town. 
 
 The first election was held in April, 1847, at which George D. Ruggles was elected Chair- 
 man, and Charles Doty, Town Clerk. 
 
 The first births, deaths and marriages are not recorded, except such as occurred in territory 
 once belonging to, but not now a part of, Taycheedah. 
 
 Peebles Corners, on Section 32, which has a post office, tollgate, store and cheese-factory, 
 was named after E. Peebles. It is a station on the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railway, which 
 is really the father of the place. 
 
 North Taycheedah is a post office, on Section 17. Near by is a grist-mill, run by water 
 and steam. 
 
 Taycheedah Village. — This is comparatively an ancient hamlet. It was the rival of Fond 
 du Lac and Oshkosh, and, for some years, outstripped them both, having, in the early forties, a 
 larger store, better lumber-yard and greater lake commerce than both of them combined. It 
 was, also, the first Wisconsin village to send steamboats up the Wolf River and carry on, in those 
 afterward famous timber regions, the business of lumbering. Here, also, were the first school- 
 house, first bell and, possibly, though not probably, the first religious class in the county. 
 
 The first mill was a large stone fiouring-mill, on the lake shore, which began a large busi- 
 ness in 1848, but was burned in 1854. In 1850, a steam saw-mill was built by 0. R. Potter, 
 but that, too, was burned in 1853. 
 
 The first store was opened by J. L. Moore and his brother-in-law, B. F. Moore, now pro- 
 prietor of the La Belle Wagon Works at Fond du Lac, in September, 1841. This was the first 
 store in the county. Trade in it was brisk, the Brothertown Indians sometimes paying in §300 
 per day, cash, while large amounts were exchanged for furs. The warehouse connected with 
 this store was burned in 1844, destroying goods and wheat to the value of $6,000 — the first fire 
 of any note in the county. 
 
 The first schoolhouse in the county was built by James Duane Doty, Henry Conklin and 
 the two Moores, at Taycheedah, in 1842. Henry Conklin gave a bell for this building, the first 
 one in this county, which still does service in the more modern schoolhouse. 
 
 The first hotel was built by B. F. Smith in 1840. It was first kept by Francis D. 
 McCarty, next by John Case, and then by Nathaniel Perry, who built a new and larger 
 
774 HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY. 
 
 buildinn; in its place a third nf a century ago. This building, B. F. Moore moved to Scott 
 street. Fond du Lac, where it was burned. 
 
 In 1842, John W. Philbrick and family arrived in the village, and opened the first tinshop 
 in the county. 
 
 George Carlton opened a dry-goods store in Taycheedah, in 1842. 
 
 J. L. Ault and a man named Lawrence started the first blacksmith-shops, Mr. Ault being 
 first, probably. 
 
 Among the first' settlers were George W. Elliott, Nathaniel Perry, B. F. Smith, John Case, 
 Walter Cunningham and those already mentioned. 
 
 The glory of Taycheedah has flown. It is now a place of no importance, commercially, 
 whatever. A blacksmith-shop, little store, post office and a saloon or two constitute its business 
 places. Its trade and prospects were killed by Mason C. Darling, when he gave a site for a 
 court house at Fond du Lac. Its first Postmaster was Nathaniel Perry. 
 
 Taycheedah was named by James Duane Doty. It is not, in its present form, a proper 
 Indian terra, being a corruption, no doubt, of the term tee-charrah, which, in pronouncing, 
 should be run together with a quick guttural sound, barely sounding "tee." It means camping- 
 place. Mr. Doty's translation was "our home," which was very nearly correct, though the 
 present English pronunciation of the word is far from it. ' 
 
 The different Chairmen of the town of Taycheedah have been : George D. Ruggles, 
 George W. Elliott, F. S. Crons, John Ilett, Charles Geisse, 0. R. Potter, B. F. Smith, B. F. 
 O'Laughlin and Michael Wirtz. The Clerks have been : Charles Doty, William White, J. D. 
 Van Plack, C. W. Tallmadgo, John Ehvell, Cromwell Laithe, William Craig, B. F. Smith, J. M. 
 Mitchell, O. H. Petters, James O'Neill, William Bassett, S. D. Schooley, Frank Harzheim, 
 Paul Bucliholz, B. Adleman and Joseph Ditter. 
 
 WAUPUN. 
 
 This town, by the act of 1842, was made one of the three towns which, for some time 
 thereafter, constituted Fond du Lac County — Fond du Lac, Waupun and Calumet — the first 
 election being held at Seymour Wilcox's house, located within what is now the North AVard of 
 Waupun City. But the organization of Alto, Metomen, Ripon and other towns cut it down to 
 its present limits — the land embraced in Township 14 north, of Range 15 east. 
 
 The good judgment of the pioneers who first settled in Waupun cannot be doubted, for it 
 is now one of the wealthy and desirable towns of the county — healthful, productive and beauti- 
 ful. Originally, the town contained some marsh with its rich, warm prairies, fine oak openings 
 and splendid belts of timber. The three all-desirable attributes for a successful farming com- 
 munity, of wood, water and soil, were admirably distributed in Waupun. The two branches of 
 Rock River unite in this town, after one of them has crossed its entire eastern portion, forming 
 very good water-powers — excellent, in fact, before the destruction of timber reduced the streams. 
 Grain-raising, fruit-growing, dairying and stock-raising are all profitably carried on in Waupun. 
 
 Tlie first settlement of the town was begun in what is now the city of Waupun, in which, 
 also, were the first mills, hotel, post office, church, school and store, and the early history of 
 the city will furnish the early history of the town. 
 
 The first settlement on Wed^ce's Prairie Was April 23, 1845, by Benjamin Cheeney. That 
 same season, J. C. Wedge and Warren Florida entered lands on the same beautiful prairie, 
 which has since borne the former's name. Deacon James Judd settled with his family in the 
 western portion of the town October 6, of the same year. 
 
 Early in 1845, Solomon White entered land and began farming operations on another 
 prairie, which has ever since been called White's Prairie. 
 
 The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway crosses this town on the west, and was built 
 as the Milwaukee & lloricon Railway in 1856. Its only station in the town is at Waupun City. 
 
 There is but one post office in Waupun, except Ladoga, which is on the line between 
 Waupun and Springvale. 
 
.^^^fe^=^^4^^-^'^^i^^5:z^ 
 
 FONO DU LAC. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 .A.BBREVI.A-TION'S. 
 
 Oo„ _ Company or county 
 
 d!r d.-iilrr 
 
 W. V. A „ Wisconsin Volunteer Artillery 
 
 W. V. C WiscouBiu Volunteer Cavalry 
 
 W. V. I Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry 
 
 P. Post Office 
 
 S. or Sec ^ Section 
 
 Bt Street 
 
 FOND DU LAC. 
 
 GEORGE C. ALDRICH, of the firm of Allen & Aldrich, pJ-oprietors City Stone Mills ; 
 was born in Chicago Aug. 26, 1853 ; when 3 or 4 years old, his parents removed to Providence, 
 R. I. ; about thirteen years ago, removed to Kenosha Co., Wis., and then to Pond du Lac ; he has been 
 connected with the milling business since 1872. He was married at Fond du Lac, June 15, 1876, to 
 Florence Gordon, born in Lewis Co., N. Y. 
 
 JAMES F. ALDRICH was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., May 24, 1822; was educated in 
 the common schools and the Academy at Union Village, Washington Co., N. Y. ; in October, 1841, he 
 removed to Jackson, Mich., and, in 1845, with his brother William (now Congressman from the First 
 Illinois District) and George F. Rice, began the mercantile business, which he continued until 1854, some- 
 times having branch houses in East Jackson, Concord and Battle Creek ; during that year, he and his 
 brother William formed a partnership with B. & J. W. Medbury, of Milwaukee, and H. H. Smith, of 
 Two Rivers, Wis., and ensaged extensively in the manufacture of lumber, furniture, tubs and pails — 
 William attending to the factory at Two Rivers, and J. F. attending to the sales at Chicago, where he then 
 lived; this firm ontinueJ in business unil 1859, pissing safjly through the pmic of 1857. In 1861, 
 William and J. F. Aldrich sold to Mann Bros., of Milwaukee, and, in July, the former removed to Chi- 
 cago, and the latter to Providence, R. I., where he resided two years, making frequent trips to the West 
 to purchase wool, flour, etc. ; in 1867, Mr. A. came to Fond du Lac, with his family, where he now 
 resides in one of the finest houses in Forest street, and, with his fatherin-law. Dr. Capron, of Providence, 
 R. I., invested largely in real estate. Mr. A. has also dealt in wool, woolen goods, and wood, as well as 
 run a woolen mill ; he has three children living — George, one of the proprietors of the Stone Mills ; J. W., 
 a music teacher, and IMattie, attending the Cathedral School. 
 
 DAVID D. ALEXASTDER, carriage manufacturer; is a son of Isaac Alexander, Sr., a ship- 
 carpenter, and Mary Johnson, natives of England, but immigrants to America more than thirty years ago. 
 David was born in Durham, N. J., in 1848 ; at the age of 10, he lefc his home in New Jersey, and went 
 to Port Byron, N. Y., thence to Medina Co., Ohio, where he attended school mostof the time for three years ; 
 in 1861, he came to Sheboygan, thence to Fond du Lac, Wis., where, in 1862, he began the blacksmith trade, 
 working in a foundry for about nine months, and then went south in the employ of the Government as black- 
 smith for three months. In 1863, he returned to Fond du Lac, and began the carriage manufacture, which he 
 has since continued on Scott street. He married Miss Augusta Sears, daughter of Roland and Mary 
 Sears, of Fond du Lac, in 1867 ; they have three children, as follows — Cora, George and Ida. Mr. A. is 
 a Seventh-Day Bap'ist, and a Republican politically. 
 
 ISAAC Alexander, proprietor of llvery stable; was born in the State of New Jersey 
 in 1840; from there he moved to Ohio in 1859, and followed blaeksmithing till 1861, when he enlisted in Co. 
 A, of the 1st Ohio V. I for three months; at the expiration of his term of .service, he re-enlisted in the 8th 
 Ohio; was in the battle of Shenandoah Valley; was wounded in the battle of Harrison's Landing, near 
 Richmond; after his recovery, he came to Fond du Lac in 1863 and re-enlisted, but was rejected at 
 
778 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 IMadison on account of his wound ; he then returned to Fond du Lac, and became manager of a saw-mill 
 for George Wade for about six years; in 187-i, he began the Hvery business, which he now follows ; was 
 elected a member of the City Council, from Fifth Ward in the spring of 1879 ; member of L 0. 0. F. In 
 1863, he married Miss Louisa C. Banks, of Fond du Lac, who died in 1864, leaving one daughter, Lillian. 
 Married Miss Sarah J. Danks, sister of his first wife, Oct. 11, 1866; they have three children, as follows : 
 Louisa C, Walter (deceased) and Walter, Jr. 
 
 PETER AliLAR, Sr. (deceased), was a son of Joseph and Josette Allar. natives of France, 
 but emigrants to Canada East, where Peter was born in 1812; four years after, his parents removed to 
 Colchester, Chittenden Co., Vt.; at the age of 14, entered upon an apprenticeship at the miller's trade, in 
 Burlington* Vt., where he continued the trade with one man for forty-two years, during which he made the 
 flour that took the medal at the first fair held at Crystal Palace, N. Y., also that which took the medal at a 
 London fair; in 1870, he came with his family to Fond du Lac to live with his son Peter, who had come 
 out in 1868, and bought a form of 120 acres in Sec. 4, of the town of Fond du Lac; having spent nearly 
 fifty years of his life at his trade, he now turned his attention to agricultural pursuits for a few years only, 
 when he was called to that bourne whence no traveler returns; he died Nov. 16, 1844, leaving a wife, 
 whom he married in Lower Canada in 1837 — Sophia, daughter of Basil and Margaret Lapierre; they had 
 nine children, as follows : Sophia, Mrs. Thetro, of Fond du Lac ; Phelomenie, Peter, Exhilda, Louisa, 
 Joseph, William, Edmund, Virginia, all of whom are members of St. Louis Catholic Church. 
 
 ROIiVIX F. AIiIjEN, miller, was born in Brooklyn, Hancock Co., Me., Aug. 14, 1849; 
 removed with his parents to Providence, K. I., when 12 years of age; came to Kenosha, Wis. in 1867, 
 and to Fond du Lac in 1868, where he engaged in handling woolen goods, flour and feed, in company 
 with Charles Frenc^h, the fi]||i continuing together one year; Mr. A. continued the business another year 
 and then became a member of the firm of Langlois, Allen & Co., which continued until 1874, when the ' 
 firm of Allen & Aldrich was framed, proprietors of the City Stone Flouring Mills, on Forest street. He 
 was married at Fond du Lac, Oct. 19, 1879, to Miss Ida E. Van Norder. He is an Odd Fellow, and a 
 Mason. 
 
 JOHN AMES, farmer, son of Fredrick and Sarah Ames; born in Milwaukee in 1827; his 
 parents were emigrants from England, and on their way to Juneau, Dodge Co., Wis., and had reached 
 Milwaukee, before his birth ; they, however, settled in Walworth Co., where they lived on a farm until 
 1835 ; thence they removed to Ripon, Wis., where they resided till 1839 ; thence to town of Fond du Lac, 
 where he has since made his home, and has followed farming most of his time. Enlisted in Co. A, of the 
 38th W. V. I., under Col. Pier, with whom he served till he was wounded by the exploding of a shell, in the 
 battle of Petersburg, Penn.; was discharged at Madison, Wis., on account of wound ; returned to Fond 
 du Lac, and, after partially regaining his health, he began farming again. At Ripon, in 1849, he married 
 Miss Sarah Colton, of that city ; they have four children — Augustus, Frank, Henry and Jennie. The 
 family are members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 REV. WILliIAM D. AMES, Pastor of the Cotton St. M. E. Church ; was born in Monroe 
 Co., N. Y., Oct. 25, 1832; his flither, Henry Ames, was the son of Peter Ames, and a lineal descend- 
 ant of Thomas Ames, who came from England and settled in Dcdham, Mass., as early as 1641 ; his grand- 
 parents died in Petersham, Mass., leaving a family of eight children, the oldest 20 years, the youngest 20 
 months, of whom Henry, the father of our present subject was the sixth, and was born Feb. 7, 1807 ; 
 tbe estate was swallowed up in the administration, and the children left penniless ; seven of them 
 afterward settled in Hillsdale and Lenawee Cos., Mich., and all became well off; his mother, Ann E., 
 daughter of John and Jerusha Wheeler, was born in Litchfield, Conn., and was married to Mr. Ames Oct. 
 16,1831, in Rochester, N. Y. When William D. was quite young (1834), he removed with his parents 
 to Lenawee Co., Mich., and made that his home till 21 years old ; was educated in the common and high 
 schools of Hudson, Mich.; joined the church in February, 1853; was licensed, and began preaching in 
 July following; studied theology at the Garrett Biblical Institute, of Evan.ston, 111., during the years pf 
 1855 and 1856 ; entered the regular work of the ministry as a supply at Port Clinton, 111., in 1856 ; in 
 September of the same year, he was sent as a supply to the church of Sun Parish, Dane Co., Wis.; here, 
 Aug. 16, 1857, he married Martha J., daughter of Asahel and Mary Bailey, nee Sawyer ; he joined the 
 Wisconsin Annual Conference at Milwaukee in August, 1857, and was appointed to the charge of Hebron, 
 Jefferson Co., Wis.; in iMay, 1858, he was appointed to Jefferson, Wis.; was ordained at the Sheboygan 
 Falls Conference in the sjpring of 1859, by Rev. 0. C. Ba.ker, D. D., then Presiding Bishop, and was 
 returned to Jefferson ; in the fall of 1859, he was assigned to the charge at Hartford, Washington Co., 
 Wis.; in 1861, he was sent to Menasha, Wis., and, in 1862, to Vineland, Winnebago Co., Wi.s., where his 
 wife died June 13, 1863, leaving three children — Henry A. (now deceased), Mary E. (now a student of 
 
FOND DU LAC. 779 
 
 Lawrence University) and Robert H. (now deceased). In the spring of 1864, he entered the army as 
 Chaplain of the 41st W. V. I. at Milwaukee; went immediately to Memphis, Tenn., where they remained 
 on post duty till iSeptember following, then returned to Milwaukee and was mustered out ; he then resumed 
 his place in the Conference, and was appointed to the church at Grand Rapids, Wis.; here, in December. 
 1864, he was married to Miss Abbie, daughter of Joseph and Mary Fellows, a native of DePuyster, St- 
 Lawrence Co., N. Y., and a sister of the Rev. George Fellows, of the Wisconsin Conference, also a descend- 
 ant of Sir Charles Fellows, of England ; in 1865, he was appointed to Stevens Point, Wis., and, in 1867, 
 to Plover, Portage Co., Wis.; in 1869, to Princeton, Green Lake Co.; in 1871, was sent to the charge of 
 Centenary Church, town of Utica, Winnebago Co., Wis.; in 1873, to Stoughton, Dane Co., Wis., and in 
 1876, to Edgerton, Rock Co., Wis.; in 1878, was appointed to Allen's Grove, Walworth Co., Wis , and, 
 in 1879, to Cotton street. Fond du Lac ; their children are Joseph W. F., Edith A., Edward B., Elbert 
 H., Eva V. and Ernest. 
 
 CHARLES H. ANDERSON, salesman in Whittelsey's dry-goods store, is a native of New- 
 ark, N. J.; born July 25, 1851, residing there till 1867, when he went to New York City, and there 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits till May, 1871 ; immigrating to Wisconsin, he began the cheese manufac- 
 ture in the town of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., where he continued business till 1875 ; in spring of 
 1878, came to Fond du Lac, and has since been in the employ of Mr. Whittelsey. 
 
 Si^UIRE ARTHUR, farmer, Sec. 31 ; 320 acres ; P. 0. Fond du Lac ; a native of Lewis 
 Co., N. Y. ; born in 1810, spent his early life there on his father's farm, and in 1855, he came to Wis- 
 consin, and settled on his present farm, and has since followed farming and stock-raising. 
 
 JOHN AMORY, retired ; son of James and Martha Burtus Amory ; was born in New York 
 City Oct. 18, 1826, where he resided until coming to Fond du Lac in August, 1850. His father was 
 among the first manufacturers of whips on New York Island, and one of the first importers of saddlery, 
 whips, whalebone, etc., beginning in 1793, on Pearl street; he retired from business, dying in February, 
 1836, his wife following him in December, 1853. When Rufus King was United States Minister to 
 England, he often went personally, during Washington's Administration, to look after James Amory's 
 business among the English manufacturers. Before coming to Fond du Lac, John Amory was engaged 
 as a clerk in an exchange broker's office ; in Fond du Lac, he went into the business of making guns with 
 his brother, S. B., which they carried on until selling out to T. S. Weeks in 1860. Mr. A. was absent 
 ten years from Pond du Lac, from 1856 to 1866, living at Middletown, Orange Co., N. Y. ; in company 
 with his brother S. B., he built Amory Hall Block in 1856 ; old Post Office Block in 1866-67, and on his 
 own account, in 1872-73, a block of stores south of Amory Hall Block ; Mr. A. is one of the largest 
 individual tax-payers in Fond du Lac. He was married at Goshen, N. Y., May 28, 1850, to Jane Smith, 
 a native of that place ; they have six children living — Martha Burtus, John James and Jane Remsen 
 Allston, born in Fond du Lac; Anna Dolsen, Mary Frances and Samuel Burtus, born at Middletown, 
 N. Y. ; their first child, a daughter, died at Middletown of scarlet fever, aged 2 years and 3 months. 
 
 SAIVIUEL BURTUS AMORY, retired; was born in New York City in November, 1822, 
 where he learned the trade of a trunmaker ; previous to coming to Fond du Lac, in 1849, which has since 
 been Mr. Amory's home and place of business, he resided five years at Goshen, Orange Co., N. Y.; the 
 trade of gunsmith was learned by Mr. Amory because he thought every man should have a trade or pro- 
 fession, and not for profit ; it was not necessary for him to have either to earn a living, .;is the Amory 
 family were large owners of Central Park, on Manhattan or New York Island, and are still owners of a 
 portion of it. In Fond du Lac, Mr. Amory has been largely engaged in erecting substantial business 
 blocks and residences, of which Amory Hall Block is the largest, and the largest in the city; he was Presi- 
 dent of the Farmers and Mechanics' Bank ; is President of Rienzi Cemetery ; has been Alderman, and is 
 connected with the Gravel Road Company. He was married at Goshen, N. Y., March 16, 1846, to 
 Frances E. Smith, a native of that place ; they have had four children — Mrs. Charles H. Benton, born at 
 Goshen, N. Y.; Mrs. Robert J. Moore, of Lincoln, Neb., born at Goshen ; Mrs. J. A. Merryman, born at 
 Goshed, died June 18, 1879, and a daughter born in Fond du Lac, who lives at home. 
 
 CHARLES BAILEY was born at Windsor, Berkshire Co., England, Aug. 11, 1838; son 
 of George Bailey, a native of Old Windsor, England, Parish Teacher and Poor Commissioner, and, fif- 
 teen years prior to his death, which occurred March, 1856, was Register of Births, Marriages and Deaths ; 
 George Bailey left seven children — Ann, now Jlrs. R. W. Baldwin, of Hotwells, Bristol, England ; Will- 
 iam Henry, a resident of London ; Louisa Martha, wife of George do Hochepied Larpent, who died in 
 1856 ; George, a resident of Croydon. England ; Emily E., now Mrs. Alfred Jenkins, Brighton, England ; 
 Elizabeth (deceased); Frederick (deceased), and Charles. Charles Bailey came to Fond du Lac in May, 
 1 858 ; was employed one year in the C. & N. W. car-shops, and, losing his fingers, was compelled to change 
 
780 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 his business, and began the manufacture of spruce beer ; he served five years' apprenticeship in London 
 as brass finisher and f:;as-fittor. He was married, at Old Windsor Church, Berkshire, England, July 17, 
 1857, to Catherine Beech Audley, born in Staffordshire, England a daughter of Dr. John Beech Audley ; 
 they have one child — George Alfred, born July 17, 18(!1, and have lost two infants; George Alfred is 
 station agent, telegraph operator and express agent at Elkhart Lake ; Mrs. Bailey's brothers and sisters 
 arc James, William, Ann and Ellen, all deceased ; Catherine, Emma, Hannah, Elizabeth, John, Mary, 
 Thomas and George, now living ; Ellen was the wife of John Long, Eaton, Buckinghamshire, England. 
 
 DAVID BABCOCK, attorney, was born at Utica, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1835 ; moved to Chicago 
 in June, 1855, and ihehue t(j Waupun, Wis., in the fall of the same year; the next year, 1856, he went 
 to Milwaukee, where he resided until 1858. when he came to Fond du Lac, where he has since resided. 
 He enlisted, at the first call for three-montlis men, in Co. I, 1st W. V. I. In 1860, Mr. Babcock was 
 elected Clerk of the Circuit Court; was re-eleeted, serving until Jan. 1, 1805, after which he began the 
 practice of the law, which he has since followed. 
 
 ROBKRX^ A. BAKER, banker, came to Fond du Lac iu 18-14; purchased property here at 
 that time, but did not locate here until the spring of 1851 ; commenced banking in this city in the spring 
 of 1854, and has continued in the same business ever since; he is at the present time President of the 
 MihiJl-i Manufacturina; Company. 
 
 DR. C. W. BARNES, dentist, was born at Colosse, Oswego Co., N. Y., Oct. 18. 1840 ; went 
 with his fatlier, Lorenzj D. Barnes, to Green Co., Wis., in 1845, where he remained until 1853. when he 
 moved to Mount Pleasant, working upon a farm ; in August 31, 1861, he enlisted in the 5th VV. V. Bat., 
 in which he served three year.s, participating in all the battles in which his battery was engaged ; he was 
 mu,stered out as Gun Sergeant Ojt. 1, 1864 ; after leaving the army he was a pupil in the office of M. B. 
 Johnson, at Janesville, two and a half years, after which he took a complete course in the Ohio Col- 
 lege of Dental Surgery, from which he graduated March 4, 1869, coming to Fond du Lac in August, 
 1869. Doctor Barnes was married April 13, 1870, at Fond du Lac, to Mrs. B. L. Davis, a native of New 
 York State; they have one child — Mary. During 1873 and 1874, he was President of the State Dental 
 Society ; he is a Mason, member of the Kniu;hts of Pythias, and of the Division Street M. E. Church. 
 He is now a member of the dental firm of Barnes & Sackett. 
 
 .1 AMES A. BARXES, foreman in McDonald & Stewart's sash, door and blind factory ; was 
 born in England, iu 1849 ; moved to Canada West with his mother in 1852, where he lived till 1865 ; he 
 then moved to Janesville and began his trade with Wm. Hume, then in the manufacture of sash and 
 blinds in that city, remaining with him till 1 868 ; he went to Oshkosh ; where he was foreman in sash, door 
 and blind factory for Gould <fe Hume, for six years; in January, 1878, he camo to Fond du Lac, where 
 he has since been foreman in factory for McDonald & Stewart. Married Bliss Mary A. Sutton, of Osh- 
 kosh, in 1873; they have had four children — Arthur J. (deceased), infant (not named, deceased), Edith 
 E. (deceased), Eva M. He and his wife are members of the Congregational Church; Mr. B. is a mem- 
 ber of the Temple of Honor, also of the A. 0. U. W. Owns a residence in Oshkosh valued at §2,000. 
 
 CHARLES B. BARTLETT, senior partner of the firm of Bartlett & Carstcns, proprietors 
 of meat market, was born in EUicottsville, N. Y., in 1836, whence ha came to Fond du Lao, in 1855, 
 and engaged in farming for two years ; disposing of his farm in 1857, he became the partner of Mr. Van 
 Dresor, in the butcher trade, where he continued till 1863, when, by mutual consent, ths firm was dis- 
 solved. Mr. Bartlett soon began the business again, of which he was sole proprietor till 1869. when a 
 copartnership was formed with IMr. T. J. Wood ; in 1871, Mr. Carstens took the place of Mr. Wood, and 
 the firm has since been known as Bartlett & Carstens. Air. Bartlett has been variously connected with 
 the city and county offices, being a member of the City Council from the First Ward in 1874, member of 
 School Board in 1877, and Superintendent of the County Poor in 1878 and 1879. 
 
 WILLIAM B. BE.4.CH, farmer, P. 0. Fond du Lac; is a sou of Silas and' Olive' Beach; 
 born Sept. 11, 1817, in Westlbrd, Chittenden Co., Vt.; he received his early education in the public 
 schools of his native county, after which he attended select school for a short time ; he was principally 
 engaged in farming till his 22d year, when he was employed to drive a peddling wagon for a paper manu- 
 facturing company, continuing this for nearly four years ; he was next a farmer for about the same length 
 of time ; from 1838 to 1840, he was in the employ of Bi-adley, Pago & Co., who were interested in the 
 building of the Rutland & Burlington Railroad, of Vermont; for the next twj years he was in the employ 
 of Bradley & Canfield, on a line of boats from New York City to Like Champlaiu ; in 1853, he removed 
 to Illinois, where, for two and a half years, he was employed in the construction of the North- Western 
 Railway, from Chicago to Woodstock, 111.; in 1855, he removed to Fond du Lac, Wis., and began work 
 for Butler & Co., lumber dealers, with whom he continued till Mr. Mitchell purchased Mr. Butler's interest 
 
FOND DU LAC. 781 
 
 and took in Mr. R. M. Lewis as partner, with whom 3Ir. Beach remained fcir some time ; he was next in 
 the employ of I. K. & W. C. Hamilton, lumber dealers, for two and a half years ; in 1860, he began 
 farming, which he has since followed in this connty ; in 1873, he bought his present farm of 30 acres in 
 Sec. 20, town of Fond du Lac. In August, 1857, he married Miss Celinda, daughter of Elijah and Anna 
 Shepard, of Fond du Lac. His wife is a member of the M. E. Church. 
 
 F". H. BECHAUO, brewer; was born in Bavaria Jan. 19, 1848, and came, with his parents, 
 J. B. and Mary Josephina Bechaud, to Buifalo, N. Y., in 1852, where they lived for a time until coming 
 to Fond du Lac; he engaged in farming until starting in the brewing business in 1871, under the firm 
 name of A. 6. Bechaud & Bros. He was married, at Fond du Lac, Oct. 1, 1876, to Anna Abel ; they 
 have two children— Cora A., and Laura. Mr. B. is a member of the Sons of Hermann. 
 
 JOH\ B. BECHAUD, of the firm of A. G. Bechaud & Bros., proprietors of brewery on 
 La Salle street ; was born in Bavaria in 1846, and is the son of John P. and Mary J. Bechaud, with whom 
 he came to America in 1852, and settled in the city of Fond du Lac, Wis., where his father died 
 in September, 1877 ; in 1873, ho, with his brothers, established the brewery on La Salle street, of which 
 they have since been proprietors, and now do an extensive business in their line. In 1874, he was mar- 
 ried to Miss Mary, daughter of Mathias and Elizabeth Kreamer, of the town of Taycheedah ; their 
 children are Josephine, Ida. Walter, Rudolph. They are members of the Catholic Church. 
 
 WILliIA^I BEERS, pattern-maker for C. J. L. Meyer; was born in Bristol, England, in 
 1829, and came with his father, William Beers, to America when 10 years old ; they settled at Syracu.se., 
 N. Y., where he afterward learned the carpenter and joiner's trade ; in 1855 he removed to Jancsville, 
 Wis., and in 1860 came to the city of Fond du Lac, where he worked in the railroad car-shop for 12 
 years; in the spring of 1879 he began in the pattern-room for Mr. Meyer, where he hits .since been 
 employed. In 1850 he was married to Mary, a daughter of Abram Beers, of N. Y.; their children are 
 Julia, now the wife of A. T. Stewart, and lives in Minnesota; Ada, now Mrs. William Gove, and lives in 
 Minnesota ; Robert C., who died in March, 1878 ; Ella, unmarried and lives in Minnesota ; Edwin, at home. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Beers are members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 EDWARD BEESON, editor and publisher ; the oldest editor in Fond du Lac Co. or the State 
 of Wisconsin ; was born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, in July, 1815, and came to Fond du Lac Co., locating 
 on Sec. 32, town of Fond du Lac, in May, 1842 ; he engaged in farming for over four years, after which, 
 in 1846, he came to Fond du Lac Village and purchased an interest in the Journal, which had just been 
 established by Henning & Hooker, and has continued in the newspaper business, with one or two short 
 intervals ever since — thirty-four years; iiis last venture was establishing, in 1879, the Wiscoiuin Farmer, 
 at Fond du Lae, which immediately attained success. Mr. Beeson went to Europe with his wife and 
 daughter, Abbie Beeson Carrington, in August, 1877, returning in August, 1879 ; most of his time 
 abroad was spent in Italy, where he was correspondent for the Chicago Times, and for the papers at Fond 
 du Lac. He has held several ofiieos, being County Treasurer two terms, Alderman several times and a 
 member of the County Board. Mr. Beeson first published a paper called the Democratic Watchman 
 during Andrew Jackson's second Administration, at Beaver, Penn., where he learned his trade in IS'^2 ; he 
 remained at Beaver until 1835, when he made a journey to Wisconsin, passing over Fond du Lac before 
 there was a person living in it, but returned within a year. Although 65 years of age, Mr. Beeson puts 
 in a full day's work every day in the mechanical and editorial management of his paper, the Farmer. 
 
 NEIL C BELL, Sheriff of Fond du Lac Co., was born in the town of Brock, Victoria Co., 
 Canada West, March 22, 1838, whence he came, with his father, John Bell, a native of Scotland, to 
 Eldorado, June 1, 1849, where he was engaged in farming until the rebellion. He enlisted in Co. A, 
 2d W. V. C, Oct. 17, 1861, in which he served three years, re-enlisting in the same company, and servin;.^ 
 until the fall of 1865 ; some of the time he was on detached duty in the Provost Marshal's office at Vicks- 
 burg, and with Capt. Gray, at Raleigh, N. C. Mr. Bell was Under Sheriff during 1878 and 1879 ; Town 
 Treasurer of Eldorado three years in succession ; and elected Sheriff" on the Republican ticket by a large 
 majority in November, 1879. He was married, at Eldorado, to Mania C. Wilbur, a native of Wisconsin ; 
 they have three children — Earl .1., Neil J. and Ethel. Mr. Bell's father resides in .Marinette, Wis. 
 
 CHARLES H. BENTON, fifth son of Daniel S. Benton, was born at Ngw York Dec. 31, 
 1840 ; he came with his father to Geneva, Wis., in 1843, where he lived until 14 years of age, going to 
 school most of the time; in 1854, he came to Fond du Lae, where he lived with an elder brother, going 
 to school but spending all his spare time in the office of the Fountain Citi/ Herald, learning the print- 
 er's trade. At the breaking-out of the rebellion he at once enlisted as a private soldier in Co. K, 1st W. V. I., 
 forthree years ; he was in the battles of Chaplin Hill, Stone River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Missionary 
 Ridge, Resaea, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and the capture of Atlanta; when mustered out, 
 
782 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Oct. 13, 1864, Mr. Benton was Brigade Quartermaster ; he purchased an interest in the Fond du Lac 
 Commonioeallh, and became its local editor, which position he left at the end of six months, to enter into 
 the storage and commission business at Chattanooga, Ga., where he remained three years. He was mar- 
 ried to Miss Francis E. Amory, of Fond du Lac, and returned to that city in 1869, and soon after entered 
 the hardware business, in which he still continues, as a member of the firm of C. H. Benton & Co., who 
 are among the heaviest hardware dealers in this portion of the State. In all matters of public interest 
 or improvement Mr. Benton always takes a leading and active part. He is a self-made man. 
 
 CORNELIUS, A. BEVIER is a native of Ulster Co.. N. Y.; born in 1820 ; is a son of 
 Johannis and Elizabeth Bevier ; in 1843 nr 1844, he, with two other brothers, removed to Aurora, Kane 
 Co., 111., where he engaged in farming for about two and one-half years, whence, in 184(1, lie came to 
 Fond du Lac Co., and purchased a farm of 120 acres in the town of Byron, on which he made his home 
 for fifteen years ; in 1861, he sold that farm and bought another, his present one, of forty acres in Sec. 8, 
 town of Pond du Lac; probable value, $100 per acre. He married Miss Laura A., daughter of Willis 
 and Laura Wilder, nee Huston, of Middlebury, Vt., in 1865. They are members of the Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 ANDREW J. BIRIISALIi, farmer ; i.s the son of Amos Birdsall, a coaster, and Martha 
 Headley, natives of New Jersey ; his father having a vessel burned in the last war with England ; 
 Andrew spent much of his early life with his older brothers, who were coasters from New York City to 
 Carolina; in 1844 he came to Wisconsin and made his home in Milwaukee, where he was dealing in 
 real estate and engaged in sailing from that city to Michigan for about ten years ; in 1845, he walked from 
 Milwaukee to Fond du Lac and bought 160 acres of land — the northwest ((uarter of Sec. 9, town of Fond 
 du Lac — to which he moved in 1855, built a house and made other improvements; he has an artesian 
 well which afibrds ten gallons of medical water per minute; the well is 220 feet deep. 
 
 L. A. BISHOP, JI. D., was born in the town of Eden, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., Aug. 24, 
 1846 ; he attended the district schools until 13 years of age, and then attended the Grammar and High 
 Schools of Fond du Lac ; while attending school he studied medicine with Dr. T. J. Patchen, one of the 
 oldest established physicians of the city ; Feb. 25, 1870, Dr. Bishop graduated with high honors, deliv- 
 ering the valedictory address of his class, at Hahnemann College, Chicago ; about the same time he 
 received a diploma from the Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary. Dr. Bishop returned to Fond du Lac and 
 immediately began the practice of his profession with Dr. Patchen, whose daughter, Cynthia, he mar-, 
 ried ; Dr. Bishop now has the entire practice of the old firm of Patchen & Bishop, which is large ; in 
 1879, he erected, on Marr street, the fiuest physician's office in Fond du Lac, equipped for all operations 
 upon the eye and ear as well as for ordinary practice. 
 
 EDWARD BISSEIjIj, attorney at law ; is a native of Litchfield, Conn., where he was born 
 in 1828, and spent most of his early life ; he completed his collegiate course at Yale in 1851, after which 
 he entered the Law Department of, the same institution, and graduated in 1853 ; he began the practice of 
 law in his native town with his cousin, who was an established lawyer of that place ; a young man of 
 pride and energy, he was not content to plod slowly along by trying to compete with the old established 
 attorneys of his town, but sought a more lucrative practice and honor at the bar in the then Far West ; in 
 1854, he came to Fond du Lac. opened an office and began the practice of law in the courts of this and 
 adjoining counties; his merits and judsment of law were appreciated by the citizens of Fond du Lac, and 
 in 1858, they elected him Justice, which office he filled with credit and honor to himself for nine years, 
 when, in 1867, they elected him Police Justice for two years; still reflecting such credit upon the official 
 positions to which he had been elected, he was again called in 1870 to another and higher position for 
 four years, that of Municipal Judge ; not yet willing to relinquish their claims upon his judgment on 
 points of- law at the exjiiration of his term as Municipal Judge, they again elected him Justice for two 
 years, his last term expiring in the spring of 1877 ; having thus spent seventeen years of his life in the 
 judicial service of his fellow-citizens, he resumed the practice of law in 1878 ; in 1854, he married Miss 
 Elizabeth Hazen, of New Haven, Conn.; they have had two children — Edward H., jeweler at Redwood 
 Falls, and Mary E., deceased. He and his wife are members of the Congregational Church. 
 
 ALBERT C. BLAXKEXBrRt}, furniture dealer, was born at Fond du Lac, Wis., Dec. 
 28, 1852, where he has been engaged in the furniture busine.ss twelve years, beginning for himself, being 
 successor to his father's large trade, in April, 1878. Mr. Blankenburg was married, Aug. 5, 1875, at 
 Lake Mills, Wis., to Emily Wegeman, who was born at that place. He is a member of the Knights of 
 Honor. 
 
 C. BLiANKENBliRU, furniture dealer; born near Berlin, Pru.ssia, June 11, 1824; came 
 to America, landing in New York May 6, 1844, where he remained until December, when he came to Fond 
 
FOND DU LAC. 783 
 
 du Lac ; in January, 1859, he began the furniture business, which he has continued ever since, bein^ the 
 oldest dealer in furniture in this city ; he was married at Fond du Lie, Sept. 21, 1851, to Augusta Zicke- 
 rieh, a native of Prussia, who came to Fond du Lac in 1848 ; they have six children — Albert C, Ferdi- 
 nand, Othelia, Minnie, Ellen and Charles. Mr. B., who was one of its organizers, and his wife, are mem- 
 bers of the (Jerman Evangelical Church. 
 
 FERDINAND BLANKENBURG, proprietor of drug and grocery store_ on Fourth 
 street; is a son of C. Blankenburg, furniture dealer of Fond du Lac, born in November, 1855; was edu- 
 cated in the public schools and business college of this city ; he was engaged in the furniture store with 
 his father from the time he finished school till 1874, when he began the drug business with Jlr. J. C. 
 Huber, where he remained as clerk till January, 1879, at which time he began the drug and grocery 
 business for himself. In August, 1879, he married Miss Emma DeHaas, daughter of Carl DeHaas, editor 
 of the NorthwestUcher Courier. 
 
 EDMUND BLEWETT, County Clerk; was born at Roxbury, Conn., Feb. 25, 1849, and 
 came with his father, Thos. Blewett, to Eldorado in 1855, and engaged in farming, which vocation he 
 followed until elected County Clerk on the Democratic ticket in November, 1876; since that time, he has 
 resided in the city of Fond du Lac, being re-elected to the same oiEco in November, 1878. He was 
 married to Margaret, daughter of James Casey, of Fond du Lac, Oct. 12, 1872; they have two children 
 — Edmund R., and Robert Lawrence. 
 
 HENRY BliOEDEL, proprietor of general merchandising store and wagon-shop, on the 
 corner of Military and Hickory streets, also manufocturer of the Diamond Cultivator, which he makes a 
 epecialty , was born in Hesse-Darmstadt in 1832; came to America in 1850, and in 1854 settled in the 
 town of Herman, Sheboygan Co., Wis., where he followed the blacksmith's trade from 1854 to 1859; 
 from 1850 to 1854, he spent in the States of New York and New Jersey ; in 1859, he came to the city 
 of Fond du Lac, where, in 1874, he established his present business on the corner of Military and Hickory 
 streets. In 1856, he was married to Miss Lena Maurer, a native of Germany, who died in 1865, leaving 
 five children — Richard, William, Lena. Katie and Julius. In 1867, he was married to Mary Bloedel, a 
 native of Germany ; they have two children — ^Emma and Mary. Their children attend the Congrega- 
 tional Church. 
 
 NAPOIjEON BOARDMAN, civil engineer; was born on Grand Isle, an island in Lake 
 Champlain, Jan. 31, 1825; moved to Burlington, Vt., in 1836; he began engineering on the Vermont 
 Central Railway in 1844 ; in 1846, he made an exploration of the mineral regions of Lake Superior, camped 
 on the present site of Duluth, then occupied by a solitary Indian wigwam ; he coasted along thesouth shore 
 to Brule River, then struck through the wilderness to Chippewa Falls, where he secured a bark canoe, 
 with which he descended the Chippewa and Mississippi Rivers to Galena, a distance of about 800 miles ; 
 thence continued the journey in a " prairie schooner " to Chicago ; he crossed Lake Michigan to St. 
 Jo.seph, then took the stage to Kalamazoo, from where he rode to Detroit, the headquarters of the Amer- 
 ican Exploring and Mining Co., on the Michigan Central Railroad, and reported the results of the explo- 
 ration ; late that fall he returned to Vermont and to Norwich University, in which he finished a collegiate 
 course. Mr. Boardman was engaged in the engineering department of the Rutland & Burlington Railway 
 from 1847 to 1851 ; in 1852, he came to Fond du Lac, and was civil engineer on the Chicago & North- 
 Western Railway, with which he was connected until enlisting as First Lieutenant in the 2d W. V. C. in 
 September. 1861 ; Mr. B. was detailed as Chief of Ordinance on the staff of Gen. Brown ; was in the same 
 capacity with Gens. Herron and Totten, and Assistant Chief of Ordinance with Gens. Schofield and 
 Rosecranz; he was then promoted to Captain of Battery M, 2d Mo. L. A.; after participating in t.he 
 raid upon Gen. Price, he went to Cape Girardeau, after which he rendezvoused at P.acific Junction and 
 Omaha in June, 1865, preparatory to entering the Indian country, with one of the United States expedi- 
 tions for the Powder River country, which he did in 1865 ; his route lay up the Platte and Loup Rivers, 
 across the Sand Hills and Bad Lands through the north end of the Black Hills ; an Indian fight was 
 participated in at the mouth of the Powder River, after which the command wae ordered to Fort Reno, 
 thence to Laramie, Fort Kearney, Fort Leavenworth, and, finally, to St. Louis, where it was mustered out 
 Dec. 22, 1865 ; after this, he returned to Fond du Lac, where he has since resided, following his profes- 
 sion of civil engineer; has been chief engineer of Michigan Grand Trunk Railway, Milwaukee & La 
 Cros.se ; built part of the Air Line of the Michigan Central Railway ; was five years City Engineer of 
 Fond du Lac. and is now chief engineer of the St. Paul Eastern Grand Trunk Railway. 
 
 JLA FAYETTE BOND, Principal of First Street School ; was born in the town of Farmers- 
 •ville, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 1844. Engaged in teaching when 16 years of age, and lias been 
 
784 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 engaged in the same occuj)ation most of the time since except several terms devoted to study at the Rush- 
 ford Academy in his native State, having commenced teaching before completing his course at that institu- 
 tion. Came to Fond du Lac in the spring of 1870. In September of the same year, he was appointed 
 Principal of the lluggles Street School in this city ; after teaching for about three years there, he became 
 Principal of the Cotton Street Grammar School; continued there until his appointment, in 1879, to his 
 present position. He has served for four years as Alderman of the Eighth Ward. He was married in 
 the town of Avon, Lake Co., 111., Dec. 25, 1876, to Sara L. Slusser ; she was born at Hainesville, Lake 
 Co., 111., Dec. 15, 1848. They have one child— Lyle E., born Oct. 10, 1878. Mr. Bond is a member 
 of the A., F. & A. M. Lodge. 
 
 WILiIjIAM bond, mason ; was born near Plymouth, County Devon, England, April 13, 
 1830 ; came to Fond du Lac from Europe May 9, 1867, where he has since resided. Mr. B. has worked 
 at the brick and stone mason's trade ever since he was 10 years of age, and has erected some of the best 
 business blocks and residences in Fond du Lac, among them the French Church and the Amory's blocks 
 of .stores. His first wife, whom he married in England, and her first child, died in that country. He was 
 married a .second time, at Fond du Lac, Nov. 11, 1868, to Ann Levy, born in Bohemia. 
 
 O. P. BO WE, real-estate agent; came to Wisconsin in 1855, and located at Plymouth, Sheboy- 
 gan Co., where he engaged in farming until 1864. On Feb. 18, 1864, he enlisted in Co. E, 36th W. V. I.; 
 was wounded at the battle of Coal Harbor; was mustered out May 23, 1865, after which he came to 
 Fond du Lac and began dealing in stock, and keeping a market, which was continued only a year, when 
 he began the real-e.state business. In 1867, his brother, W. H., became a member of the firm of Bowe 
 Brothers, and has so continued ever since. The firm has been connected with the emigrant and land 
 department of the A., T. & S. Fe Ry., since 1865. He was born at Lyme, N. Y., April 17, 1834, and 
 was married, March 15, 1860, in the town of Forest, this county, to Frances, daughter of George Chase; 
 she was born in Salem, Kenosha Co., Wis , Sept. 17, 1840 ; they have three children — Mabel S. (born 
 Jan. 17, 1864), Willis G. (born June 9, 1866), and Arthur C. (born April 2, 1872). 
 
 WILLIAM H. BOWE, real-estate agent, was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., July 16, 1843, 
 a son of I'rosper and Lois Batchelder Bowe; came to Plymouth, Sheboygan Co., Wis., in September, 
 1855. In March, 1864, Mr. Bowe enlisted as a private in Co. E, 36th W. V. I., and served in the Army 
 of the Potomac through the campaign of 1864, participating in the battles of Cold Harbor, Deep Bottom, 
 Weldcn Railroad and the movement to Richmond, in Hancock's Corps, and all the battles in which his 
 regiment was afterward engaged, being mustered out in 1865 ; after leaving the army, Mr. Bowe settled at 
 Fond du Lac, and engaged in the stock and market business with his brother, which continued six months ; 
 was in the confectionery business six months ; engaged in the insurance business at Elmira, N. Y., for six 
 months, after which he returned to Fond du Lac and engaged in the real-estate business with his brother, 
 which they now continue. Mr. Bowe was married at Waupun, July 23, 1866, to Angle F., daughter of 
 William and Elizabeth Durand. now of Fond du Lao ; she was born March 7. 1843, in Erie Co., Penn.; 
 they have two children — Guy C, born Sept. 16, 1869, and Addie P., born March 28, 1873. 
 
 S. S. BOWERS, M. D.; was born at Berlin, Waterloo Co., Canada; came to Fond du Lao 
 in May, 1865, where, for two years, he was Secretary, Treasurer and General Manager of the Lamartine 
 Peat Co.; after that began the practice of his profession, having been a physician in Canada. He received 
 a scientific education at Rockwood Academy, and at Coburg Victoria University; after which, he pur.sued 
 the study of medicine in the Toronto School of Medicine, Victoria University, at Toronto, Royal College 
 of Piiysieians and Surgeons, at Kingston, and University Medical College of New York City. He began 
 the practice of his profession in 1856. In 1879, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons conferred 
 upon Dr. B. the degree of Licentiate. The degree of M. D. was conferred by Queen's University, of 
 Kingston. He has been connected with several heavy mining corporations. Is JIayor of Fond du Lac ; 
 has been Chairman of the First Ward; member of the Board of Education; Director of the Public 
 Library ; is a member of the State Medical Association ; Rock River Medical Association ; President of 
 the Fond du Lac Co. Medical Society, and Dictator of Economical Lodge, Knights of Honor. 
 
 WILLIAM BRADLEY BRAND (deceased); was born in Hopkinton, R. I., June 2, 
 1808 ; he was deprived of his father when quite young, but his mother, a woman of rare Christian virtues, 
 was long spared him ; when 11 years of age, he souglit a home in MadLson Co., N. Y., where, in 1839, he 
 married Miss Julia A. Crumb, daughter of Joseph and Susanah Crumb ; he held the office of Deputy 
 Sheriff and Sheriff of that county for six years; in 1850, he immigrated to Wisconsin and settled at Fond 
 du Lac, where he was actively engaged in business and rej^arded as one of the solid business men of the city, 
 till, attacked with fatal disease, his tailing health led him to abandon his active business life, and seek 
 recuperation through rest and travel ; he tried the climate of Washington during the winter of 1864-65,. 
 
FOND DU LAC. 
 
 ( I'oo late fur insertion in proper phice.) 
 
 GEN. EDWARD STUYVESAIVT BRAGG, M. C, was born at Unadilk, Otsego 
 Co., N. Y., Feb. 20, 1827 ; his education was finished by a three-years course in Hobart College, of 
 Geneva, N. Y., after which, in 1848, he was admitted to the bar at Norwich, Chenango Co., N. Y.; in 
 1850, Gen. Bragg came to Fond du Lac, where he since resided and practiced his profession; he has been 
 a member of the City Council ; was elected District Attorney in 1854 ; represented his district in the State 
 Senate in 1SU8 and 1869, and has been a member of Congress from the Fifth District since March 4, 
 1877, two terms ; in Congress, he has been a prominent member, making a national reputation by his 
 position on Southern war claims, by his revision of the rules for determining claims against the Govern- 
 ment, and by his arduous labors in all committees of which he has been a member. Gen. Bragg was 
 Postmaster of Fond du Lac in 1867, delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1860 and 1872, 
 and candidate of the Democratic Liberal Reform Caucus for U. S. Senator in 1875. He entered the 
 army in 1862, having recruited a company called " Bragg's Kifles," with which he went out as Captain, 
 serving in that grade and as Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel in the 6th W. V. I.; was commissioned 
 Brigadier General June 10, 1864, upon recommendation of Gen. Hooker, for gallant conduct at the battle 
 of Fitz-Hugh's Crossing. He participated in the following battles in 1862: Rappahannock Station, 
 Gainesville, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg. In 1863, the following: 
 Fitz-Hugh's Crossing ( at which he cro.ssed the Rappahannock in open boats, under heavy fire, carrying 
 the enemies' rifle-pits on the opposite bank, for which he was commended in general division orders and 
 recommended, by Maj. Gen. Hooker, commanding the army of the Potomac, for promotion to Brigadier 
 General), Chancellorsville, Mine Run, all the battles of the Wilderness, and, May 6, was detached as 
 Colonel of the 6th W. V. I., and specially assigned to the command of a Pennsylvania brigade, which he 
 commanded in the battles of Spottsylvania, North Anna River, Hanover Crossing, and the battles on the 
 Tolopotomy Creek. At the Chickahominy, in June, 1864, he was specially assigned, though a junior 
 Colonel, to the command of the Iron Brigade, which he commanded at the assault upon Petersburg, the 
 battle of the Weldon Railroad and Hatcher's Run. In 1865, he was placed in command of a Pennsyl- 
 vania brigade attached to the Iron Brigade, making the command, for the time, thirteen regiments. He 
 participated in the raid from Petersburg south to the North Carolina line, in aid of Gen. Sherman's move- 
 ments from the s^uth, and commanded the rear-guard on the retreat. He commanded the advance line 
 in the battle at Dabney's Mill, in February, 1865. At the battles of Gainesville, Second Bull Run, 
 South Mountain, Antietam, the Wilderness, Petersburg, Hatcher's Run and Dabney's Mill, he was com- 
 plimented in the ofiicial report of his superiors. He was once severely wounded by a musket-ball, and 
 once knocked from his horse by a cannon-ball, sustaining only temporary injuries from concussion. Gen. 
 Bragg was very active, at the beginning of the war, in securing recruits and making ringing war speeches, 
 which aided largely in obtaining for Fond du Lac County the excellent war record of which she is now so 
 proud. He was married at Fond du Lac, January 2, 1855, to Miss Cornelia Colman, sister to Col. 
 Edward Colman, of Fond du Lac. They have had three children, two of them daughters, now living. 
 William Kohl Bragg, their only son, who had received a good military education, and who was the pride 
 of his parents, died in the spring of 1878. 
 
 JAMES WISEMAN CARNEY was born near Banbridge, County Down, Ireland, Oct. 
 24, 1836 ; came to Staten Island, N. Y., in 1848; resided there several years, attending school, studying 
 also at Orange, Mass., and Orange, N. J.; in 1856, came to Fox Lake, Dodge Co., Wis., having, in an 
 early visit to the State with his father, selected that spot; in his first journey West, he slept with the 
 soldiers and Indians during one week at Fort Winnebago ; at Fox Lake, he was engaged in the grocery 
 business; came to Fond du Lac in 1864, where he has since resided and carried on business. Mr. Carney 
 was married in St. Louis Church, Fond du Lac, by Rev. J. Perodin, April 27, 1863, to Mary A. Egan, 
 born June 4, 1844, at Boston, Mass.; they have six children- — Nellie E., born Sept. 29, 1866; Robert 
 Emmet, Dec. 5, 1868; Susan C, Oct. 26, 1870 ; James E., April 14, 1872 ; John P., Jan. 30, 1874, 
 and Mary Genevieve, March 3, 1877; Nellie E. is a musical prodigy; she has six years of training in 
 classical music ; began playing in concerts at the age of 9, and is now master of all the most intricate 
 compositions extant. 
 
FOND T)U LAC. 785 
 
 and with favorable results : in the winter of 1865-66, he visited the Island of Cuba and New Orleans, 
 Btaying till convinced that his disease — -consumption — was incurable, when he returned home in the latter part 
 of May, 1866, and died on the 11th of August followinj;, in his 59th year. In connection with this bio- 
 graphical sketch, it is well to give the words of Rev. Mr. Hawley, an intimate friend, who in his funeral 
 discnurse says ; "I knew him. I knew his many excellencies, knew, too — and he knew — his faults. I 
 knew his trueness, his trueness as a man, trueness as a husband, trueness as a friend, trueness as a patriot. 
 There was nothing false in him ; he was ever what he seemed. Neither was there anything uncharitable 
 in him, rarely did he speak evil of a person, and always chided those who did so in his presence. He 
 was in his domestic relations all that could have been desired. He loved his home, and the objects that 
 were the light of his home. Here his affections had their natur.il play, and his best qualities their bright- 
 est manifestations. A strong and clear mind was his ; his mental processes seemed almost intuitions. He 
 was an accurate reader of man ; he, beyond most I ever met, knew men. And this, of course, gave rise to 
 distrust, distrust of others, and distrust of himself His severe analysis of men was applied to himself. 
 He was no cynic, he saw the bright side as well as the dark side of human nature. He saw trueness 
 among men, not perfectness, but trueness, and when he saw this, he almost worshiped it. He was a man 
 of great force of character. Few have such energy ; few have such force of will. What he attempted, 
 if within the limits of possibility, he was .sure to accomplish. And his decision was equal to his force. 
 When he made up his- mind, and his clear and rapid reasoning enabled him to do this readily, he was fixed 
 He had positive convictions, and he was true to them. You always knew where to find him. He had none 
 of that accommodating (|uality that puts a man on all sides of a question. He was on one side or the 
 other, and on that side firmly and strongly. He was no twaddler, no policy man, i. e., he had principles, 
 and he adhered to them. He was patriotic, he was true to his country, and truest when his country was 
 neediest. He was a friend of men." 
 
 CORSfELiIUS BRANSHA W, proprietor of blacksmith-shop on Division street ; is a native 
 of Canada, where he was born Feb. 26, 182-1; when only 6 months old, he moved with his parents to 
 Vergennes, Vt., where he lived till he was 21 years of age, when he moved to Troy, N. Y., where he fol- 
 lowed the blacksmith's trade, having learned it under Mr. E. Seaver, while at Vergennes; in the year 
 1855, he came from Troy to Fond du Lac, where he has .since resided and continued at his trade. Oct. 
 22, 18-44, he married Miss Mary Desotell, at Burlington, Vt., she being a native of Canada also; they 
 have had four children — Albert (deceased), Albert (the second son being named in honor of his elder 
 brother, who died when he was only 17 months old, and only a short time before the birth of Albert, Jr.), 
 Mary L. (who, in 1872, became the wife of Mr. N. Branchaud, of Fond du Lac, where she lived till her 
 death, in 1874), and Edwin C. All the family are members of the Catholic Church ; Mr. Branshaw was 
 elected Alderman from the Third Ward, for the year 1S69. He has been a resident of Fond du Lac for 
 twenty three years. 
 
 JOHIV J. BRAYTON, farmer, Sec. .32 ; is a son of a farmer, Carr Brayton, of Washington 
 Co., N. Y., born in 182;! ; he obtained a limited education in his native county; in 1846, came to Fond 
 du Lac Co., via Slilwaukee, and settled on his present farm, and has since made it his home; he, like 
 many of the first settlers, experienced disadvantages of the old open-cylinder thra.shing machine, and traveling 
 twenty-five or thirty miles to get his wheat ground after separating it from the chafi'. In 1850, he was 
 married to Miss Marietta, daughter of William and Lydia Vincent, of Oshkosh ; they had one son — 
 Carr (deceased), and a daughter, Etna (now Mrs. Emmet Barden,of Le Roy, Wis.); Mrs. Brayton died in 
 1860; Mr. Brayton married Miss Eunice, daughter of William and Malinda Boyce, of Ogdensburg, N. 
 Y.; they have three children — Charles J., Grant and Nellie. Mr. Brayton has a farm of 240 acres in 
 Sec. 32, and forty acres in Sec. 20, all in Township 15, Range 17 ; probable value, $75 per acre. 
 
 KARLi F. CJ. BREMBfER, assistant teacher in Lutheran school ; is a native of Baden, Ger- 
 many, where he was born in 1845 ; came to America in 1865 ; in 1868, he began his college cour.se in 
 the Lutheran Seminary at Addison, 111., where he graduated in 1870, and began teaching at Hustisford, 
 Dodge Co., Wis., which he continued at that place for eight years, when, on account of his health, he was 
 forced to quit the profession for a while; after regaining his health, he came to Fond du Lac in 1879, and 
 became assistant teacher in the Lutheran sehool. He married Miss Barbara Werner, of Franklin, Wis., 
 in 1870; they have three children — Karl G. F., Johannes W. 0. and Lydia L. B. M. 
 
 HERIYIAN BROCKER, of the firm of P. Brocker & Sons, grocers on Western Avenue; 
 was born in Fond du Lac in 1854 ; was educated in the public schools of this city, and in 1875 he began 
 the grocery business with his father. 
 
 CHARLES BROCKER, of the same firm ; was born at Fond du Lac in 1856; received 
 his early educatiou in the public schools of Fond du Lac, after which he attended Commercial College in this 
 city, in 1876 became interested in the grocery business with his father and brother. 
 
"^86 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 PHILiIjIP BROCKKR (deceased); was a native of Lippe Detmoldt Holstein ; born Jan. 12, 
 ISId ; was a brk-kmaker by trade, which he followed, both in his native country and in the United States. 
 In 1849, emigrated to America and settled at Fond du Lac, Wis., where he followed his trade most of 
 the time till 1875, when he began the grocery business, shortly after which he died, Nov. 21, 1876. He 
 was married to Miss Helen Traeger, daughter of Ferdnan Traeger, ropemaker, of Saxon, Germany; they 
 have five children, as follows: Henry, Herman, Charles, Augusta and Minnie. 
 
 G. F. BROWIVSON, retired ; is a native of Richmond, Chittenden Co., Vt.; waa born Aug. 
 16, 1817, and is the son of Asa and Betsey Brownson, who were also natives of Vermont: when quite 
 young, he with parents Yemoved to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., where he spent much of his earlier life, and 
 was educated in the common schools and the Potsdam Academy ; he was employed as clerk in mercantile 
 business for eight years in Potsdam, and afterward removed to Parishville, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., where 
 he continued the business as a member of the firm for nine years; in 1840 he came to Fond du Lac, 
 formed a copartnersliip with Mr. Laughlin, under the firm name of Brownson & Laughlin, dry-goods mer- 
 chants, where he continued the trade till 1861 ; after the dissolution of the firm he continued in the 
 business for two years, and since that time has been dealing in general merchandising stock ; he has been 
 Freight Solicitor for the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac R. R. for the past ten years ; he was City Clerk for 
 one term, Superintendent of City Schools for three years, and a member of Common Council for several 
 years. In 1S45 he was married to Emily C, daughter of P]sther Sheppard, of Rome, Oneida Co., N. Y. 
 Their children are Hiram L., now acting Ass't Sup't of the Smoky Hill Div. of the Kansas Pacific R. R.; 
 G. F., now an engineer on that road ; William J., a passenger conductor on the K. P. R. R.; Emma C, 
 now Mrs. Strong, and lives at home ; Virginia B., now Mrs. Wm. Beem, and lives in Kansas; Adelia E., 
 now the wife of Charles H. Gardner, a passenger conductor on the Kansas Pacific R. R. Mr. Brownson's 
 family are members of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 ELLIOT BROWN, M. D., is a native of Whittingham, Windham Co., Vt.; born Aug. 15, 
 1804; he spent his boyhood till 8 years old on a farm, when, on account of physical inability for that 
 kind of life, his father put him to study with the medical profession in view ; he received his earlv educa- 
 tion at the academies of New Ipswich, N. H., and Ashfield, Mass., spending one year at each; in 1826, he 
 graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont, completing his collegiate and medical course at the same time; 
 he at once entered upon the practice of medicine at Whittingham, Vt., which he successfully continued 
 there for eight years; thence he moved 'o Shaftsbury, Bennington Co., Vt., and there for another eight 
 years devoted his time to his professional duties; in 1842, he removed to Fort Ann, Washington Co., N. 
 y., where he continued his profes.sion till 1846 ; having thus devoted twenty years of his life to the prac- 
 tice of medicine, he came to Pond du Lac, then nothing but a very few log houses, a trading-post and a 
 hotel, with the intention of devoting the rest of his life to agricultural pursuits and stock-raising ; it was 
 impossible, however, to wholly withdraw from professional duties, as his friends were constantly making 
 demands on him for his services in their families ; he devoted much of his time to dealing in real estate, 
 and at one time owned 600 acres of laud in Fond du Lac and adjoining counties, and has disposed of most 
 of it and now lives a quiet life in a commodious home one mile south of the city of Fond du Lac, which, 
 by his own industry, he has prepared for himself and family, and looks back upon a long and well-spent 
 life, with satisfiiction of enjoying its fruits in his old days. In 1826, he was married to Miss Mary, 
 daughter of Jeremiah and Mary Kingsbury, of Whittingham, Vt ; they have had seven children, as fol- 
 lows: Mary M., now Mrs. Erastus Temple, of ifarden Co., Iowa; Sarah S., now Mrs. S. B. Kezerta, of 
 Baraboo, Sauk Co., Wis.; Love L, now Mrs. Rev. Warren Corcoran, of Oshkosh ; Elliot K., of Eldorado. 
 Hardin Co., Iowa; Hannah H., widow of the late Roswell Bacon, who was killed by the last shot fired in 
 the battle of Mobile, Ala.; Harriet H., Henry B., deceased at four weeks old. The Doctor has long been 
 a member of the County Medical Society, of Fond du Lac, was also a member of the County Board for 
 two years. His familv are connected with the Consresational Church. 
 
 RT. REV. JOHN HENRY HOB ART BROWN, S. T. D., first Bishop of Fond 
 du Lac, was born iu the city of New York Dec. 1, 1831 ; was educated at Trinity School ; graduated at 
 the General Theological Seminary, New York June, 1854 ; ordained deacon at Trinity Church, New 
 York, July, 1854 ; was assistant to the Rev. Francis Vinton, D. D., Rector of Grace Church, Brooklyn 
 Heights ; organized the Church of the Good Angels at Brooklyn Oct. 1, 1854; was ordained priest at the 
 Church of the Holy Communion, New York, ])eo. 1, 1855, and became Rector of the Church of the Good 
 Angels in Brooklyn, N. Y.; was Rector of the Church of the Evangelists, Old St. George's Chapel, Beekman 
 street. New York, from June, 1856, to June, 1860 ; accepted rectorship of St. John's Church, Cohoes, Albany 
 Co., N. Y., in January, 18(i2 ; was Secretary of the Diocese of Albany, member of the 'Standing Com- 
 mittee, Deputy to the General Convention, and Archdeacon of Albany ; received the degree of Doctor of 
 
FOND DU LAC. ' 787 
 
 ;Sacred Theology from Racine College in 1873 ; elected Bishop of the Diocese of Pond du Lac Sept. 15, 
 1875; was consecrated in St. John's Church, Cohoes, N. Y., Deo. 15, 1875, by the Rt. Rev. H. Potter, 
 D. D., L. L. D. (Oxon.), Bishop of New York, assisted by the Bishops of Vermont, Albany. Wisconsin, 
 Massachusetts, New Hampshire and New Jersey. July 29, 185(5, he married Anna Coombs Upjohn, the 
 youngest daughter of Richard Upjohn, PiSq., architect, born at Boston, Oct. 1., 183C; have adopted two 
 daughters — Jane Campbell and Clementine Boem. 
 
 JOHN BROWN, retired farmer, was born in Hillsboro Co., N. H., April 27, 1801. He 
 married, in Rutland Co., Vt., in 182G, Mercy Mason, a native of that county. In 1831, they removed to 
 Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., where they resided until 1851, in which year they came to Wisconsin and settled 
 on a farm in the town of Fond du Lac, Fond du Lac Co., where they lived until 1870, when they removed 
 to the city of Fond du Lac. Mr. Brown is a Republican in politics. He owns a well-improved farm in 
 the town of Fond du Lac, and improved property in the city. Their children are Julia A., wife of Theo- 
 dore Haight, Perrysburg, N. Y.; Cynthia, wife of Martin Engles, of Pond du Lac ; Jennie, wife of Har- 
 vey Durand,also of Fond du Lae, and Mary, wife of William Blaine, of Kansas. Mr. Brown is an 
 enterprising and well-known citizen, and has lived a useful and successful life. 
 
 HENRY P. BROWN, retired ; is a native of Cumberland Co., Me.; born in 1830 ; grew up 
 on a farm, and received his preparatory education at North Bridgeton Academy, after which, he entered 
 Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1850, and graduated with the class of 1854 ; whence he went to Cherryfield, 
 Me., as Principal of the Cherryfield Academy for two years. In 1856, he immigrated to Wisconsin, and 
 for sixteen years followed teaching in the cities of Ripon, Waupun and Fond du Lac, in the latter of which 
 he had charge of the public schools. In 18G3, he gave up the profession, and, for nine years, dealt (juite 
 extensively in agricultural and farming implements; disposing of that business in 1872, he has since been 
 interested in various speculations in Fond du Lac Co. Mr. Brown was elected a member of the City 
 Council from the Third Ward, in 1870 and 1871 ; was President of the Council in 1871 ; was a member 
 of the County Board during the same time; was a member of the Board of Education from 185(3 to 
 February, 1870. In 1860, he married Mi.ss Maria K. Hall, daughter of Simeon Hall, farmer, of Wil- 
 loughby, Ohio; they have three children — Annie R., Lizzie M. and Thomas H. Wife and daughter are 
 members of the Congregational Church. 
 
 ALEXANDER BRUSH, Sr., farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Fond du Lac ; is a son of Alex- 
 ander Brush and Nancy Griffith ; was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., in 1800 ; came to Wisconsin in 1849; 
 bought a farm of IGO acres in Sec. 13, of Fond du Lac, and twenty acres in the town of Eden. He did 
 not settle on his farm, however, for some time, but devoted his attention to the lumber trade, principally 
 on the Wolf River, built a saw-mill in what is now known as the Indian Agency in 1850, and there f il- 
 lowed the saw-milling business for about six years; thence, in 1856, he removed to his farm, and has since 
 made it his home. In 1830, he married Miss Jane, daughter of James and Mary Story, of Delaware Co., 
 N. Y., by whom he had five children, three of whom, with wife, are dead — William (deceased), Priscella 
 (deceased), Alexander, Jr., of Fond du Lac, William, Jr., of Taycheedah, Augusta (deceased). He mar- 
 Tied Sliss Jennette, daughter of John and Jennette Murry, of Delaware Co., N. Y., in 1849 ; they have 
 one son — Henry. 
 
 ALEXANDER BRUSH, Jr., farmer, on Sec. 27, 15, 17 ; is the son of a farmer, Alex- 
 ander Brush, Sr., and a native of Delaware Co., N. Y.; born in 1833 ; immigrated to Wisconsin in 1846, 
 and settled in Fond du Lac, where he afterward was engaged in the lumber business for several years, part 
 of the time with his brother, and part of the time with 5Ir. Merryman & Co. In 1876, he disposed of 
 his interest in the lumber trade, and bought a farm of 110 acres in the section above named, and lias since 
 followed farming. In 1874, he was married to Miss Mary E., daughter of R. S. and Ruth E. Cole, of 
 Otsego Co., N. Y.; they have two daughters — Mable and Maud. Mr. and Mrs. Brush are members of 
 the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 REV. L. H. BUEHRICir, Pastor of the German Evangelical Freedmen's or Peace Church ; 
 was born at Luttrum, in the kingdom of Hanover, Germany, in 1832 ; he received his early education in 
 the schools of Braunschweig, Germany ; after his confirmation, at the age of 14, he came, with his parents, 
 to America and located at New Orleans ; in 1853, he entered the Missouri Theological Seminary, at 
 Marthasville, where he received his degree in July, 1857 ; in the same month, he was examined for ordi- 
 nation at the yearly conference, at Evansville, Ind., when, upon being ordained, he received a call to the 
 church at Okawville, Washington Co., HI., where he was installed as Pastor by the Rev. L. Nollau ; the 
 malaria of that climate proving too much for his constitution, he-resigned that charge, after four years' 
 service, for that of St. John's, near Burlington, Iowa, where he remained for three and one-half years, 
 when, for two years, he became successor to the Rev. R. John, Ph. D., at Central City, III.; from 1867 to 
 
788 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1871, he served the church at Hollowayville, Bureau Co., Ill, when he was called to the United 
 Reformed Lutheran Church at Ft. Madison, Iowa, whence, in 1873, he went to Minneapolis, Minn., 
 where he orp;anized the church and remained for nearly five years, being then called to the church at 
 Fond du Lao. In 1858, he married Miss Martha Kroehuke, daughter of Rev. D. Kroehuke, of Rock 
 Run, Stephenson Co., 111., who died in 1863, leaving three children — Lydia, Martha and Mary; in 18(54, 
 he married Miss Caroline Austmann, daui^hter of Rev. L. Austmann, of Nashville, 111., by whom he has 
 four children — Annie, Adolph, Henry and Amanda. 
 
 N. Li. BULiIilS, of the firm of Bullis & Robbins, livery-stable proprietors ; was born at Rouse's 
 Point, N. Y., whence he came to Fond du Lac in March, 1855, and engaged in clerking, which he fol- 
 lowed three years ; after that, he was eight years in tlie grocery business, and has been fourteen years in 
 the livery business with Alfred Robbins. He was married, at Fond du Lac, in 1859, to Adice C, daugh- 
 ter of Stephen Joubert, who came from Troy, where she was born, in 1849 ; they have six children — Nel- 
 son L., Jr., Minnie (now Mrs. Theo. D. Trelevere), John Edward, Alfred Stephen, Emma and Pauline. 
 Mr. B. has been Assessor iive years, and has held various other city offices. 
 
 CiUSTAV BlIRt;iIARDT; was born in Saxony May 27, 1836; came to America Aug. 10, 
 1851, locating in Milwaukee; came to Fond du Lac in 1855. Enlisted, in September, 1861, in the first 
 cavalry company sent from Wisconsin, which was assigned to Gen. Sigel's command ; was with his regi- 
 ment in all its general engagements, and was mustered out in the summer of 1863; returned to Fond du 
 Lac and engaged in the grain business until 1871 ; was Deputy Sheritf under Peter Rupp ; was afterward 
 Democratic candidate for County Clerk ; was elected County Poor Commissioner in 1875 and served three 
 years in that position; since April 1, 187S, Mr. B. has kept the Fond du Lao House. He was married, 
 first, to Kacherina PfeifTer, who died Dec. 22, 1865, leaving one child — Frederick ; married a second time, 
 June 29, 1866, to Anna Schoene, born in Saxony; they have two children — Lena and Emma. 
 
 JOHN S. BURROWS, bank cadiier; was born in London, England, in March, 1836, whence 
 he came to America in September, 1857, spendins: a few weeks in Buifalo, N. Y., before locating at Fond 
 du Lac in November, 1857. Mr. Burrows has been in Baker's bank, of which he is now cashier, since 
 September, 1858; has been City Treasurer and Deputy Treasurer, Alderman, and President of the City 
 Council. He was married, at Taycheedah, to Elizabeth, daughter of John Leeman, a resident of Tay- 
 cheedah ; she was born in Yorkshire, England ; they have three children — Frank E., John W. and Eva 
 T.; they lost three children from scarlet fever, within a few days of each other. 
 
 J. W. BY AM, photographer; born in Guilford, Medina Co., N. Y., Deo. 12, 1840; lived 
 there until he wa-s 14 years of age, then came with his parents to Michigan ; they located in the 
 town of Burns, Shiawassee Co., where he remained two years ; he then went to Chicago; remained there a 
 short time, then came to Madison, Wis., where he learned the business that he is now engaged in ; resided 
 in Madison two years and a half and returned to Michigan and lived two years; then he came to Chicago 
 again and after a residence of a year and ten months there he came to Fond du Lac, in 1865. He was 
 married in Fond du Lac, Dec. 12, 1869, to Emma Lewis; she was born in Le Roy, Dodge Co., Wis. 
 They have one child living — Josephine F.; lost one son, Herbert, who died at the age of 10 months. 
 
 EDWIN A. CAREY, dry-soods merchant, of the firm of Laughlin & Carey ; was born in 
 the State of New York, in the year 1830, where he lived till 1845, when he came to Fond du Lac, 
 which was then a small village, having only four houses ; his father died the first year after their arrival, 
 leaving his mother, an older brother and himself to care for the family ; he spent most of his time, for a 
 number of years, at work on a small farm, near the city of Fond du Lac, during the summer months, and 
 at clerking in a store during the winter; in 1854, he started the first omnibus line in the city of Fond du 
 Lac, which he continued for three years; he became a member of the firm of Laughlin & Carey, dry- 
 goods merchants, in 1862, where he has since continued bu.siness, and is now one of the leading business 
 firms of the city of Fond du Lao. He married Miss Mary Taylor, daughter of ex-Mayor Taylor (deceased). 
 Mr. Carey and wife are prominent members of the Episcopal Church, and he also was, for five years, a 
 Vestryman of that church. 
 
 AUCiJlTST li. CARSTENS, junior partner of the firm of Bartlett & Carstens, meat market; 
 is a native of Germany, where he was born in 1844 ; he learned his trade, and followed it in his native 
 country till 1865, when he removed to Fond du Lao, and has since continued the butcher trade. In 1870, 
 he married Miss Julia A. Treleven, daughter of D. D. Treleven, of Fond du Lac, by whom he has had 
 two children — Lola G. and Aliaster (deceased). 
 
 COL.. GEORGE W. CARTER, Warden of the Wisconsin State Prison ; was born at 
 Wayne, Erie Co., Penn., April 20, 1839 ; came to Metomen, Fond du Lac Co., in 1845, where his father, 
 Jacob Carter, still resides. He lived on the farm until the war of the rebellion, when he enlisted — being 
 
rOND DU LAC. 789 
 
 one of the very first to do so — April 19, 1861, servins; to the close, and returning home with a crushed 
 thigh ; he was educated at Ripon College and Wisconsin State University, and has practiced law since the 
 war. Col. Carter has been two terms Clerk of the Circuit Court, a member of the Governor's staflF ; 
 many years Chairman of the Republican County Committee ; several years a member of the Republican 
 State Central Committee ; Republican candidate for Congress, and, since January, 1880, Warden of the 
 Wisconsin State Prison. He was married July 4, 18(Jl, to Jlineline N. Harknes-^, a native of Tioga Co., 
 Penn. ; they have five children — Albert C, George H., Elmira, Elizabeth and Jay E. 
 
 CYRUS CHADBOURNE, photographer; was born in Harrison, Cumberland Co., Me., 
 and learned the photographer's business in 1864, which he has since followed. He came to Fond du Lac 
 in August, 1874, where he began business for himself. He makes a specialty of fine photographs, for 
 which he has earned a wide reputation. 
 
 THOMAS CH APEL AU, residence Fourth street ; was born near Montreal, Can., Nov. 1 ,1843 ; 
 he learned the carpenter trade in Montreal, and worked at it several years, served iu the Canadian militia 
 five years; came to Wisconsin in 1866, and has lived in the city of Fond du Lac since. The maiden name 
 of Mr. Chapelau's wife was Jennie La Pointe ; she was born near Montreal, Can., in 1842; they have 
 three children — Virginia M., T. W. and Amelia. In politics, Mr. Chapelau is a Republican. His father, 
 Peter Chapelau, was a native of Canada, born near Montreal ; he married Miss A. Darwin ; he died in 
 1849; she married again, and resides in Canada; their children now living are Thomas (whose name 
 heads this sketch), Wolford (who lives in Escanaba, Mich.), Ovida (who lives near Montreal, Can.), 
 and Lizzie (wife of Daniel Deshambena, Canada). Mrs. Chapelau's parents, George and Julia La Pointe, 
 were natives of Canada; they moved from there to Waukegan, 111., in or about 1849, thence to Fond du 
 Lac in 1860; they now reside in Egg Harbor, Door Co., Wis., and are esteemed people; their children 
 are Jenny (wife of Thomas Chapelau, the subject of this sketch), Ellen (wife of 0. Anderson, Egg Harbor, 
 Wis.), Stephen and John (who live in New London, Wis.), Addie (wife of Joseph Mocha, of Fond du 
 Lac), Mary (wife of Michael Furnier, of Buffalo, N. Y.), Emma (wife of P. Hennigan, of Fond du Lac), 
 George and Cordelia. i 
 
 AEMOXD W. CHAPMAN was born in the town of Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y., June 
 15, 1838 ; at the age of 21, he moved to Oswego Co., remained there one year, and, in the fall of 1855, 
 came to Fond du Lac, arriving here Nov. 16; Mr. C. was reared as a farmer, and was an engineer for 
 stationary and locomotive engines for a time; in 1858, he established the ice business at Fond du Lac, 
 which he continued nine years; for several years, he has carried on the manufacture of spruce beer and 
 soda water, and for twenty-seven years furnished music for parties and dances. He was married at Fond 
 du Lac, Nov. 16, 1856, to Lucy A., dausihter of Joseph King, born in the town of Fond du Lac, Feb. 3, 
 1840 ; they have two children living — Josephine D., born Dec. 20, 1857, and Walter A., July 22, 1861 ; 
 Jamie died in ^larch, 1859, a^xed 6 months. Mr. C. is a member of the Lodge of A., F. & A. M. 
 
 CHARIjES church, of the firm of Church Bros., house, sign, carriage and ornamental 
 painters, was born in Ellicottville, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., July 23, 1855 ; came with his parents to Fond 
 du Lao in 1855; he has worked at the painter's trade since his youth, and fur himself (with his brother 
 William) for the last four years. He was married in Fond du Lac, July 25, 1876, to Miss Katie French, 
 a native of Ontario ; they have one child — Su.sie ; Mr. CImreh is a meubcr of the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 WILIilAM CHURCH, of the firm of Church Bros., house, sign, carriage and ornamental 
 painters, was born in Fond du Lac June 16, 1856; commenced work at painter's trade when a boy; 
 engaged in busine-s with his brother for the last four yoar.5. He was married in this city, Feb. 20, 1878, 
 to Miss Josie Crawford, who was born at Watertown, Jefferson Co., Wis. Mr. Church is a member of the 
 Fond du Lie Band, liaving been connected with it since its organization in 1874. 
 
 S. B. CL/ARIi, of the firm of Clark & Myers, proprietors of First Street Livery Stable, was 
 born in Canton, St. Lawrence Co.,N. Y., Djc. 24, 1824 ; went to California in 1852, and remained there 
 until 1857 ; in 1858, he returned to Canton, and carried on the milling business there fur several years ; 
 in 1868, he went to Montana to recruit his health ; spent two years there, and then came to Ripon, Wis., 
 where he remained until 1872, when he came to Fond du Lac. 
 
 C. L/. CLEMENT of the firm of Perkins & Clement, carriage manufacturers; was born in 
 Jefi"erson Co., N. Y., in 1839 ; at the age of 17 he went to Newark, N. J. with S. B. Sanders; remain- 
 ing there till 1868, whence he came to Fond du Ijac and continued his trade alone till 1874, when Mr. 
 Perkins became a partner in the carriage manufactory. 
 
 JOHN E. COATES, engineer of Fire Engine No. 3; was born in Gloucestershire, England, 
 Nov. 30, 1847 ; came to America in 1867 ; spent three years in Buena Vista, Portage Co., Wis., came 
 thence to Fond du Lao ; he began the trade of a locomotive machinist at Swindon, England, on the Great 
 
790 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Western Railway ; has followed engineering eleven years. He was married at Fond du Lac in April, 
 1872, to Mary Lucas, born in Wisconsin; they have two children — Chas. F., born March, 1874, and 
 Myrtle, born in October, 1878. 
 
 A. a. COFTMAN, butcher; was born in Bavaria Oct. 22, 18!-i0, and came with his parents 
 to Marshfield, Wis., in 1850 ; in 1858, he went to Illinois and enlisted in July, 1861, at Geneva, in the 
 Kane Co., cavalry, serving on detached duty with Gens. Curtis, Halleck, and as Gen. Steele's escort, 
 beino- mustered out in September, 18ti4; he returned to Bloomingdale, 111., where he lived until Decem- 
 ber, 1866, when he came to Fond du Lac and engaged in the butchering business, which he has since 
 followed. He was mamed at Bloomingdale, 111., March 29, 1867, to Hannah E. Trewing, a native of 
 England; they have six children — George W., Ida May, Charles G., Clara P.. Edith E., and William H. 
 Mr. C. is a member of the A. 0. U. W. 
 
 DR. J. R. COLiE, dentist; was born in Morris, Otsego Co., N. Y., June 30, 1826 ; moved to 
 Illinois in 1845 ; to Mineral Point in 1849; thence to Milwaukee, and to Fond du Lac in 1851, having 
 a capital of 25 cents when he first reached Wisconsin ; began the practice of dentistry thirty-one years ago ; 
 Dr. C. carried on his farm five years, located in Lamartine, platted Cole's addition to Fond du Lac at the 
 close of the war, and engaged in building and other real-estate operations. He was married, at Fond du 
 Lac, June 21, 1854, to Emma T., daughter of Jared M. Taylor ; she was born at Vergennes, Vt., Jan. 
 9, 1836; they have seven children— Dudley N., Milton H., John M., Mary A., Alfred D., Burton and 
 George R. ; Emily died at the age of 2 years and 6 months ; Dr. C. has been a member of the Common 
 Council and of the Board of Education. 
 
 MILTON H. COIjK, dentist; was born at Fond du Lac Feb. 7, 1856 ; during five years, he 
 has been engaged in the practice of his profession with his father, the firm name being J. R. Cole & Son ; 
 he was married, at Mitchell, SheboyL'an Co., Wis., to Anna L. Reed, Oct. 14, 1877. 
 
 HON. JAMES COLEMAN, attorney, son of the Rev. Seymour Coleman, of the Troy, (N. 
 Y.) M. E. Conference; was born in Schoharie Co., N. Y., June 29, 1836; he received an academic edu- 
 cation ; read law three years in Troy and Albany ; graduated from the Albany Law School in 1856, was 
 admitted to the bar the same year, and in 1857 began practice at Fond du Lac, which has since been his 
 home. Mr. Coleman was elected District Attorney in 1860, and re-elected in 1862 ; served two terms in 
 the Legislature ; was Register in Bankruptcy in 1868, and Postmaster of Fond du Lac from 1869 to 
 1877. He is now, and has been since 1876, a law partner of United States Senator Matt H. Carpenter, 
 with an ofiice in Washington ; they have a larger practice, with perhaps one exception, in the United 
 States Supreme Court, than any other firm. Although spending much of his time in Washington, Mr. 
 C. still maintains a residence at Fond du Lac, where he passes the summers. 
 
 COL. EDWARD COLMAN; was born at Rochester, N. Y., where he was a resident 
 engineer on the Erie Canal; he came to Fond du Lac in 1852, and engaged in farming, though he fol- 
 lowed his profession of civil engineering more or less, until the fall of 1861, when he enlisted in Co. A, 
 18th W. V. I., going out as First Lieutenant. He was wounded at Shiloh and Champion Hills, on account 
 of which he was absent a year from his company. He still carries the bullet in his head. Afterward, he 
 was in the recruiting service acting as Adjutant, and stationed at Madison, Wis. In the Veteran Reserve 
 Corps, he was stationed at St. Louis, but afterward at Washington on the Examining Board. He was 
 commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the 49th W. V. I., and just before being mustered out, in the fall of 
 1865, was commissioned as Colonel, though the commission failed to reach him before he was mustered 
 out. From 1866, he was Superintendent of public property at Madison one and one-half years ; after 
 which, he engaged nine and one-half years in banking, being the first Treasurer of the Fond du Lac Sav- 
 ing's Bank. Mr. Colman engaged in farming from January, 1877, to January, 1878, when he took the 
 office of Sheriff, to which he was elected on the Republican ticket by a very lar^e majority. After leaving 
 the Sherifl' s office in January, 1880, he became cashier of the Mihills Manufacturing Co. While 
 residing in Fond du Lac, he was elected City Treasurer two terms. 
 
 ELimj COLMAN, attorney ; was born in Oneida, Brown Co., Wis.; came to Fond du Lac 
 in August, 1847. In the fall of 1861, he enlisted in Co. G, 1st W. V. C; served as Quartermaster's Ser- 
 geant, Issuing and Entry Clerk in Commissary Department. In January, 1863, he was discharged on 
 account of disability. He is a graduate of Lawrence University, at Appleton, Wis. Admitted to the bar 
 in May, 1865, and has been engaged in the practice of law ever since. He represented this district in the 
 Wisconsin General Assembly in 1872; served as Register in Bankruptcy for this district, from 1868 to 
 1872, 
 
 REV. HENRY R. COLMAN, retired; was born at Northampton, Montgomery (now Ful- 
 ton) Co., N. Y., Oct. 9, 1800 ; at 6 years of age, went with his parents to Connecticut; seven years later, 
 
FOND DU LAC. 791 
 
 returned to Northampton, where he resided until 31, engaged in farming until joiniDg the Troy (N. Y.) 
 M. E. Conferenue in 1831. He was on the circuit composed of Warren and Essex Cos. one year; at 
 Luzerne Village fifteen months, in which he had fourteen appointments ; at Bridgeport, Addison Co., Vt., 
 one year ; Ticonderoga, N. Y., two years ; village of Essex, having several appointments, one year : Mid- 
 dlebury, N. Y., two years ; Northampton, N. Y., one year ; Green Bay, Wis., where he arrived in Septem- 
 ber, 1840, five years as missionary to Oneida Indians ; missionary to Stockbridge Indians, Calumet Co., 
 two years ; then at Fond du Lac, his present home, two years, after which, on account of ill health, he has 
 taken no appointment. Rev. Colman was married at Northampton, N. Y., Oct. 22, 1823, to Livia Spier, 
 born at Lake Pleasant, Hamilton Co., N. Y., April 25, 1802 ; she has been a member of the M. E. Church 
 fifty-eight years, and her husband fifty-seven years; they have five children — Charles J., a lumberman at 
 La Crosse, Wis.; Julia, residing at Brooklyn, N. Y.; Rev. Henry, preaching at Milwaukee; Joseph Spier, 
 of La Crosse, and Elihu, a lawyer at Fond du Lac. 
 
 REV. FATHER JAMES COLTON, priest of St. Patrick's Church, Follett street; 
 is a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, where he was born June 24, 1824; he received his preparatory 
 education in his parish at County Tyrone ; entered college at Mynouth, Ireland, in 1840, and received his 
 diploma from the same in 1844; he came to America in September of the same year, and continued his 
 theological studies in St. Thomas' College at Beardstown, Ky., for three years; in 1847, he was ordained 
 to the priesthood by. Archbishop Henni, of Milwaukee, Wis., immediately following which he entered the 
 ministry at Menomonee, Waukesha Co., Wis., where he remained until 1850, when he moved to Cedar- 
 burg, Ozaukee Co., Wis., where he had a charge for three years ; in 1854, he was changed to Oshkosh, 
 Winnebago Co., remaining there for .about three years; he was then changed by the Bishop to Kenosha 
 for a little more than three years, whence he was again changed to ShuUsburg, Wis. ; remaining at 
 Shullsburg for nearly four years, when he was sent to Fitchburg for a few months only, when he was 
 changed to St. Patrick's, Fond du Lac, in 18*52, where he has since remained in charge of a congregation 
 of about two hundred and five fiimilies and about fifteen hundred members. 
 
 REV. FATHER OLIVER COMTOIS, priest of St. Louis' French Catholic Church ; 
 is a native of Canada; was born in Montreal May 8, 1842; he pursued his preparatory collegiate studies 
 at Theresa College, near Montreal, entering in 1855 and graduating in 1863, after which he pursued his 
 theological studies in the same institution, receiving his degree in 1870 ; for two years after his gradua- 
 tion in 1870, he was Professor of French in the University of the Holy Cross at Worcester, Mass..; he 
 was ordained to the priesthood at Marquette, Mich., in 1872, after which he held services at several 
 missions in the Diocese of Marquette till June, 1879, when he was transferred by the Bishop to St. 
 Louis' French Church, Fond du Lac, to succeed Father Dale, whose death occurred in March previous. 
 
 HON. WILiIilAM D, COKKLIN, attorney; born in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1831; 
 came to Fond du Lac Co. in 1841, with his father, Henry Conklin ; he was educated at Madison and 
 Hamilton Colleges ; graduated from the latter institution in 1852 ; degree of A. M. conferred in 1863 ; 
 commenced the practice of law in Fond du Lac in 1854 ; served one term as County Judge, two terms as 
 Alderman, and six years as Municipal Judge. He took an active part in the organization of the 14th W. 
 V. I during the late rebellion, and was appointed Quartermaster of the regiment, but soon relinquished 
 the position to bis brother. 
 
 COL. HORACE E.COJ^NIT, attorney ; was born at Elyria, Ohio, May 20, 1822; resided 
 there five years, when his father died and he moved to Medina, N. Y., for nine years ; spent two years at 
 Yates Academy; read law three years at Lockport, N. Y., teaching a portion of the time, after which, 
 Oct. 13, 1847, he came to Horicon, Wis.; he was admitted to the bar the same fall, and practiced his 
 profession at Horicon until enlisting in September, 1862, as Captain of Co. C, 29th W. V. I., in which 
 he was promoted to Major in 1864, and Lieutenant Colonel in Juno, 1865 ; Col. C. was with his regi- 
 ment in all its engagements except the Red River expedition, during which, on account of a wound 
 received at Port Gibson May 1, 1863, he was detailed to the Quartermaster's Department in New 
 Orleans. After leaving the army, he returned to Horicon for two years ; engaged in farming two years at 
 Oakfield ; moved to Waupun in 1870'for four years ; spent one year on a farm, and came to Fond du Lac 
 in 1876, where he has since practiced his profession. He was married in the town of Herman, Wis., 
 Sept. 13, 1848, to Susan F. Chase, a native of Barry, Orleans Co., N. Y. 
 
 D. C)}. CRIPPEN, veterinary surgeon and proprietor of breaking and boarding stable ; born in 
 North Granville, Washington Co., N. Y., April 22, 1832 ; came to Fond'du Lac in April, 1856. He 
 was married in West Granville, N. Y., April 29, 1852, to Mary E. Farnsworth ; she is a native of West 
 Granville ; they have had six children ; the living are Mary Ida, George Norman, Willard, Charles E. 
 and Ada Belle; they have lost one son — Nathan R., who was born April 8, 1857, and died Dec. 16, 
 
792 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1878. Mr. Crippen commenced handling horses at the age of 8 years, while at home with his father; for 
 the last twenty-five years he has carried on the business of a veterinary surgeon ; he is among the well- 
 known horse-trainers, and his reputation for successfully breaking horses is fully established. 
 
 AliVA CROrOOT, superintendent of Meyer's saw mill, is a native of Lewis Co., N. Y., 
 where he was born iu 1833; came to the State of Wisconsin and settled at Green Bay in 1840, 
 whence, in 1841, he removed with his parents to Kaukauna, where they lived for two years ; in 1843, he 
 came to Fond du Lac, and began farming, which he has continued in connection with the lumber business 
 since ; in 1853, he began the lumber business with Brand, Oloott & Co., with whom he remained until 
 1865, when fur a while he was out of the lumber-trade ; he soon began the lumber business again for Mr. 
 Sawyer, remaining with him until he sold out to Mr. C. J. L. Meyer, when Mr. Crofoot began for Mr. 
 Meyer. In 1853, he married Miss Cornelia House, of Lewis Co., N. Y.; they have nine children, as fol- 
 lows : Effie, now Mrs. Robbs, of Fond du Lac ; Jay P., Edward E., May, Miranda, Ciinton A., Carlos B., 
 Minnie and Ella. Mr. Crofoot was a member of the County Board in 1866 ; he owns a farm of 145 
 acres four miles southwest of Fond du Lac, valued at S7,250. 
 
 JAMES Li. CKOWIjEY, grocer, was born in County Kerry, Ireland, in 1831, where he 
 lived till he was 16 years of age, when he came to America and located in the State of Maryland, where 
 he stayed for one year ; he then moved to West Virginia and resided there for two years ; from there he 
 went to Ohio where he lived three years ; thence to Pennsylvania for nine months ; thence to Ohio again 
 for a few months, and from there he came to the State of Wisconsin and settled at Fond du Lac in 1855. 
 He was married to Miss Julia Fitzgerald, of the town of Empire, Wis., in 1856 ; after his marriage he 
 settled on a farm near Empire, where he lived until 1873, when he moved to Fond du Lac and began the 
 grocery business, which he has since followed. His wife died in May, 1872, leaving nine children, as fol- 
 lows : John and Bridget (twins), born in 1857 ; Margaret, born in 1859 ; Mary, born in 1861 ; James, 
 born in 1863; Catharine, born in 1865; Julia, born in 1867; Edmond, born in 1870, and Honora, born 
 in 1872. Mr. Crowley and family are members of the Catholic Church, and he has at different times been 
 a Trustee of the same. He is now a member of the Catholic Benevolent Society of Fond du Lac. 
 
 DAVID R. CURRAN, a native of Ithaca, N. Y., came to Fond du Lac in the fall of 1846, 
 and has been in business and resided here ever since ; he began to clerk for his brother in a drug store 
 in 1837, and wlien he came to Fond du Lac brought a .stock of druggist's goods and put them upon the 
 market as soon as a suitable building cuul i be procured ; in 1853, R. P. Root became Mr. Gurran's part- 
 ner for one year, and, in 1858, C. F. Kalk became a member of the firm of Curran & Kalk, as Mr. Curran 
 had been appointed Register of the Wisconsin Land Office at Menasha, which position he held three years; 
 in 186G, the firm of Curran & Kalk dissolved, the former continuing alone until 1873, when his son, E. 
 S. Curran, was admitted to partnership under the firm name of D. R. Curran & Son ; in 1879, D. 
 R. Curran retired from the firm. He has been Under Sheriif two years; Deputy County Treasurer four 
 years ; member of the School Board thirteen years, and held other local offices. He was married at Ilhaca, 
 N. Y., Oct. 5, 1847, to Eveline Stoddard, of that city. 
 
 ED S. CURRAN, druggist; was born at Fond du Lac, July 15, 1849 ; ho is a graduate of 
 the Fond du Lac High School ; during thirteen years, up to March, 1879, he was in the drug business 
 with his father, since which time he has carried on the business alone. 
 
 ti^EOR(wE P. DAI^TA was born in the town of Empire, Fond du Lac Co., Nov. 25, 1849; 
 came to city of Fond du Lie when 6 years old, and attended school, with the exception of working six 
 months at the jeweler's trade, until 14 years of age; after that, he clerked one year for N. L. Bullis, in a 
 grocery store, and then began, in 1865, the business of a gunsmi h with T. S. Weeks, wliijh he has fol- 
 lowed ever since; in 1877, he was appointed First Assistant Fire Marshal; was appointed Chief in 1878, 
 and re-appointed in 1879, and has been a fireman fifteen years. Mr. D. was married at Fond du Lac, 
 May 19, 1874, to Phojbe Lanners; they have four children — Alexander G., Paul J., Laona J., and 
 George A.; he is a member of St. Michaels Society, and is President of the Firemen's Mutual Aid 
 Society. 
 
 JOHN Ij. DANA, hatter, furrier and dealer in gents' furnishing goods; born in the town of 
 Fond du Lac Sept. 12, 1851 ; he is a son of John Dana, who came to this county in 1844, and is now 
 a resident of this city. The subject of this sketch was employed as a clerk in a grocery store for two 
 years, and, for five years, he was in the employ of Hoyt & Cole, hatters, of this city; in 1872, he engaged 
 in business for himself 
 
 SAMUEL R. DANLEL.iS was born in Clinton Co., N. Y., in 1831, and is the son of David 
 and Hannah Daniels, nee Roblee, also natives of New York.; he spent his early life on a farm in New 
 York, and, with parents, came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., aud settled in the town of Eden, where his 
 
FOND DU LAC. 
 
 ^0£C CASED.) 
 
CITY OF rOKD DU LAC. 795 
 
 father died in the following year; his mother now lives in Michigan; he followed farming in Eden for 
 thirteen years, and then removed to the city of Fond du Lac, wliere he has since followed teaming ; he 
 now owns a house and lot on Green street, a lot on Grant, and one on corner of Grant and Eleventh 
 streets. In 1861 , he was married to Miss Prussia, daughter of Howard and Electa Mitchell, natives of New 
 York, but immigrants to Wisconsin in 1859; they have one daughter — Cora E. Mrs. Daniels is a mem- 
 ber of the Free-Will Baptist Church. 
 
 ^wEORlirli D. DANKS, house, sign and ornamental painter ; was born in New London, Wis.. . 
 in 18.5li ; came to Fond du Lac in 1862 ; learned the painter's trade under his father while young ; during 
 the year 1877, he was stcamboating on the lake ; in 1878, began grocery business in city of Fond du Lac, 
 on Scott street, which he continued till spring of 1879 ; owns brick building on Scott street. He married 
 Miss Mary E. Parrish, of Fond du Lac, in 1877; they have one son — Edward L.; has been a member 
 of the Order of United Workmen since March, 1878. 
 
 KEYES ARMSTROX« DARLING, oldest son of the pioneer Dr. M. C. Darling, of 
 Fond du Lac, was born in Greenwich, Mass., in 1824 ; received his early education in the schools of 
 Amherst, whither his parents removed when he was ([uite young; thence,-in 183(i, to Fond du Lac, where 
 Keye.s spent must of his time for many years; at the age of 18, his father sent him and his sister, now 
 Mrs. Helen Eastman, back to Albion, N. Y., to continue their studies ; his sister completed her course and 
 he, after remaining tjvo years, changed to Janesville, Wis. ; thence to Beloit, where he attended a select 
 school in the basement of the old brick church ; in 1846, he, with his father, opened a broker's office at 
 Fond du Lac, which they continued f jr about tgn years, when, in company with Dr. T. S. Wright, opened 
 a banking-house under the name of Darling, Wright & Co. In 1850, he married Miss Ann M., daughter 
 of John and Lovice Bowman, of Monroe Co, Wis.; they have two sons — William M., of Minnesota; 
 John B., medical student at Madison. The family are members of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 E. W. IIAVIS, retired; was horn in the town of Sebago, Cumberland Co., Me., Aug, 26, 1808 ; 
 when 16 years old, went to Boston and vicinity, where he lived seven years ; attended Beverly Academy, 
 in Massachusetts, two years and six months ; removed then to Schenectady, N. Y., for six months ; went to 
 Syracuse in 1837; where, in the fall of 1838, he enlisted in the "Patriot War;" was Captain of 
 a company of patriots composed principally of salt-boilers ; after a campaign of a few weeks, returned 
 to Syracuse for a short time and then went to Ma.ssachusetts ; in 1839, he removed to Rochester, 
 N. Y., where he carried on the boot and shoe Itusiness for Massachusetts factories until 1S41, when 
 he went to Des Moines Co., Iowa. Mr. D. remained in Iowa, where he was a farmer and a 
 member of the Legislature, until coming to Fond du Lac, in August, 1847 ; at Fond du Lac he has been 
 engaged in building; he resided one year at Appleton, where, with Dr. M. C. Darling and Amos A. 
 Lawrence, he built a mill, which he sold, and returned to Fond du Lac. Mr. D. has been Alderman ten 
 years, School Commissioner, Fire Warden, and held other offices. He was married, in Massachusetts, to 
 Lavini Brown, who died in 1833. He was married a second time, at Milwaukee, in February, 1853, to 
 Emma B., daughter of Dr. John B. Audley, who came to Milwaukee in 1842 ; she was born at New- 
 castle-under-Lyme, England ; Mrs. D. has two brothers and a sister at Nashotah, and one brother 
 keeps the Nagowicka Cottage, near Pewaukee Lake ; her father and mother — who was Eleanor Rubathan 
 — were born in Staffiirdshire, near Newcastle, England ; Mrs. Davis inherited some poetical genius, and 
 has written several articles of merit, the latest being " Well-remembered scenes of early girlhood in old 
 England." 
 
 FREDERICK F. DAVIS was bom in Marbletown, Ulster Co., N. Y., in 1803; came to Fond 
 du Lac in 1844, and followed farming for a short time ; in 1845, he built the first flouring-mill in Fond 
 du Lac, there being only ona log and two frame dwellings in the town at that time ; Mr. McWilliams 
 occupied the log house. Dr. Darling one of the frame dwellings and the other was occupied by a French- 
 man ; Mr. Davis soon sold his mill to Col. Conklin and began farming the land on which the town of 
 Waupun is situated, his being the only shanty there at that time; in 1847, he returned to Fond du Lac, 
 and in company with A. G. Ruggles, built the fir.st steam saw-mill erected here ; brought the first raft of 
 logs from the Wolf River to the town of Fond du Lao, after which, in the winter of 1847-48, they placed 
 3,000 logs on the banks of that river, which they rafted down to the mil! in the spring of 1848, and 
 sawed in the following summer ; they continued this business together for about two years, when Mr. Davis 
 bought out Mr. Ruggles and managed the mill for a year longer, when, upon his election as Sheriff of the 
 county of Fond du Lac, he disposed of his saw-mill ; after his term of office had expired, he purchased a 
 lumber establishment on the Sauk River, of which he was proprietor fur two years, when he exchanged it 
 for property at Calumet ; being a man of enterpi ise and not content when out of business, he soon pur- 
 chased a fiourinsj-mill at Calumet, of which he was proprietor for three years, when inducements were such 
 
 DB 
 
796 BIOGRAPHICAL SIOETCHES: 
 
 as to cause liim to dispose of this, move to New Yorli State and purchase a large flouring and saw mill and 
 farm, with which he operated for twelve years ; in 1874, he again returned to Fond du Lac and has since 
 led a more quiet life, having been one of the most active and enterprising men in the early settlement of 
 that city and county. He married Mariah Johnson, of Ellenville, Ulster Co., N. Y., in 1826, who died 
 at Fond du Lac in 1859, leaving three children — Cornelia fdecoased). Sarah J., now Mrs. Lee, of Fond 
 du Lac, and Betsy, now Mrs. West, of Fond du Lac. In 1862, he married Miss Sarah Smith, of Ulster 
 Co., N. Y., by whom he had three children, as follows : Frank, Leonard and Annie. 
 
 C H. DE (irROAT, of the firm of DeGroat & Giddings. manufiicturers of engines, mill 
 machinery, brace saw-mill machinery, foundry, farm machinery and agricultural implements ; is a native 
 of the State of New York; born in 1839; came to Fond du Lac in 1852. In 1861, he enlisted in Co. 
 K, of the 1st W. V. I.; served with his company one year; came home to recruit; raised Co. A, of the 
 32d W. V. I.; was elected Captain, and, before the close of the war, was made Colonel of his regiment; 
 was with Gen. Sherman on his march to the sea; was mustered out of service, at Milwaukee, in Jane, 
 1865 ; returned to Fond du Lac and followed farming for one year ; was elected County Clerk in 1866 and 
 served for four years; in 1870, moved to Salt Lake; in 1874, returned to Fond du Lac and became part- 
 ner of Mr. Giddings, in the firm of De Groat & Giddings. In 1862, he married Miss Josephine Allen, of 
 Fond du Lac ; they have four children — Charles, Grant, George and Paul. Mr. D. and wife are members 
 of the Congregational Church. Mr. D. has also been a K. of P. since 1877. 
 
 FRED WILLIAM DEHNERT, brick manufacturer; was born in Prussia May 4, 1840; 
 came direct to Fond du Lac in December, 1868, where he has been engaged in the manufacture of brick 
 for six years. He was married, in Lomira, Dodge Co., Wis., Nov. 6, 1871, to his first wife, and to his 
 present wife, Caroline Spielberg, at the same place, Feb. 21, 1S76; she was born in Prussia; they have 
 two children — William and Bertha ; Mrs. Dehnert has four children by a former marriage — Albert, Emil, 
 Emma and Minnie. 
 
 ADELBERT DE LAND, druggist, was bom at Detroit, Mich., July 28, 1849; came, 
 with his father, John R. De Land (who still resides here), to Fond du Lac, in 1851 ; Mr. De L. began 
 clerking in Dr. T. S. Wright's drug store, in 1864; in 1865, he went to Chicago, and was with J. H. 
 Reed & Co., and their successors, H. A. Hurlbut & Co., until he returned to Fond du Lac and established 
 his present business Jan. 1, 1877. He was married, at Janesville, Wis., Dec. 25, 1876, to Emma A. 
 Terwilliger, a native of Saratoga Co., N. Y. 
 
 EDMUND DELANY, Jr., City Clerk ; was bom at Factoryville, Tioga Co., N. Y., Nov. 
 11, 1841 ; a son of Edmund Delany, who is now a resident of Fond du Lac; came to Calumet, in this 
 county, in 1849, and to Fond du Lac, where he has since resided, in 1853. Mr. D. enlisted in Co. A, 
 14th VV. V. I., in October, 1861, as a private, but was elected Sergeant at the organization of the com- 
 pany, and promoted, Aug. 9, 1862, to Second Lieutenant of Co. I, 21st W. V. I.; he was in all the bat- 
 tles in which his regiment participated ; was mustered out March 29, 1863, after which, he was clerk in 
 the Provost Marshal s oiBce until it was abolished in October, 1865 ; he studied engineering and aided in 
 preparing a map of the city of Fond du Lac ; in 1870, Mr. D. was chosen City Clerk, which position he 
 has since continuously occupied. 
 
 CHARLES DEMARAIS, blacksmith ; was born in Massachusetts in 1852; came to Fond 
 du Lac with his parents, and settled at Fond du Lac in 1855 ; was educated in the Institute for the Deaf 
 and Dumb, at Delavan, Wis., from 1863 to 1870; learned the cabinet-maker's trade, but did not work at 
 it very long; began blacksmithing in the La Belle Wagon Works in 1877, and has continued there since 
 that time. 
 
 JLLIEN DEMERS, proprietor of saloon ; is a native of Canada, where he was born in 
 1837 ; he removed to Foud du Lac in 1854 and began running a saw-mill, which he now continues in con- 
 nection with his saloon business. In 1859, he married Miss Lucy Latournau, a native of Canada, by 
 whom he has had thirteen children, only two of whom — Julien and Adis — are living, and, with parents, 
 are members of the Catholic Church. Mr. Demers has taken quite an active part in the political interests 
 of the Greenback party in his ward ; was one of the men who organized the Greenback club in the 
 Sixth Ward, and has since held the office of Vice President of the same. 
 
 H. G. DE SOMBRE, dealer in fine watches and jewelry, silver and plated ware, musical 
 instruments, etc.; is a native of Prussia; he came to America with his father, B. C. De Sombre, in 1856 
 (his father is still a resident of this city), located here at that time; commenced learning his trade of 
 watchmaker and jeweler in October, 1861; began business for himself in the spring of 1866. He is 
 Alderman of the Eighth Ward at the present time. 
 
CITY OF FOND DF LAC 797 
 
 FRED W. DE QITINE was bom in Calumet Village,\his county, Oct. 30, 1853; in Sep- 
 tember, 1854, his father, Louis De Quine, died, and he came with his mother to Fond du Lao in 1855; 
 she resides at No. 27 Doty street ; Mr. D. attended school until April 4, 1870, when he served three 
 years' apprentice.ship as a machinist, and has worked ever since at that trade in Fond du Lac; he is fore- 
 man of the TTnion Iron Works ; is a Turner, and a member of the I, 0. 0. F. Lodge. 
 
 DR. C. E. DICKINSON, demist; was born at Guilford, Chenango Co., N. Y., Nov. 23, 
 1849, where he lived until removing to Delaware in 1868, whence he came to Fond du Lac in 1871 ; he 
 began the study of dentistry with Dr. C. W. Barnes in 1873, and began practice in April, 1878, in the 
 city of Fond du Lac. where he now has a good business. 
 
 JOHN W. DIIiLiON, photographer; was born in London, England, Oct. 27. 1847, and 
 came to America when 12 years of age, living in New York City until July 27, 18G4, when he enlisted 
 in Battery B, 5th U. S. A., for three years, as a musician or bugler ; at the expiration of his term of serv- 
 ice in 1807, he went to Chicago, thence to Bloomington and Lincoln, finally, coming to Fond du Lac the 
 same year, and engaging in his present business, that of a photographer. He was married in Fond du 
 Lac Feb. 25, 1873, to Ella M., a native of Ma'nitowoc Co., daughter of Evander Soper, one of the 
 earliest settlers of Wisconsin ; they have two children — -Frank Earle and Harry Walton. Mr. D. belongs 
 to the Masonic, Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias Lodges of Fond du Lac, and has been Alderman from 
 the Eighth Ward since the spring of 187i*. 
 
 JOHN A. DITTER, druggist, was born at Baden, Germany, June 2, 1852, whose father, 
 Amos Ditter, now resides in this county; he came to Taycheedah in 1857, where he resided until coming 
 to Fond du Lac in 1868; in 1871, he removed to Waterloo, but after three years returned to Fond du 
 Lac, where, in December, 1875, he began the drug business. In 1877, Mr. Mitchell became his partner, 
 under the firm name of Ditter & Mitchell. Mr. Ditter was married, at Fond du Lac, Nov. 15, 1877, to 
 Katie Trimbor, a native of Marshfield, Wis. Mr. and Mrs. Ditter are members of St. Mary's Church, and 
 Mr. Ditter of St. Joseph's Benevolent Society. 
 
 PHILIP DITTER, was bom in Baden, Germany, June 27, 1844; came to Taycheedah from 
 Europe in 1857. He enlisted Feb. 15, 1864, in Co. K, 35th W. V. I., and was mustered out in May. 
 1866 — serving in the Department of the Gulf at the siege of Mobile, White Eiver and ten months in 
 Texas. Mr. Ditter began his trade in March, 1861, and has been in business for himself about nine-years. 
 He was married at Fond du Lac July 6, 1871, to Mary Trimbor, who was born near Marytown, Wis.; 
 they have five children — Joseph A., John P., Mary J., Mathias J. and Edward J. Mr. Ditter is a mem- 
 ber of the Capuchin Church, and St. Joseph's Benevolent Society. 
 
 HENRY C. DITTM AR, proprietor of a steam dyeing and scouring establishment ; born in 
 New York City July 4, 1846. He entered the United States Navy Feb. 22, 1864 ; served on the steam 
 sloop Pawnee, United States sloop New Hampshire, the flag-ship Malvern and the surveying steamer 
 Bibb ; left the naval service Feb. 20, 1867, and was located in Philadelphia until he came to Fond du Lac 
 in 1873. He commenced work at the business he now carries on twenty-two years ago. He was married 
 in Philadelphia. Dec. 31, 1867, to Catharine Johnson, a native of that city; they have two children — 
 Annie H and West A. Mr. Dittmar is a member of the I. 0. O. F., aod of the K. of P. He is a son 
 (if Henry Dittmar, who came to this county in 1865, and is now engaged in farming in Calumet Town- 
 ship, 
 
 HENRY DIR€KS, Foreman of the Hook and Ladder Co.; was born in New Holstein, Ger- 
 many, Dec. 25, 1852; came with his parents, Henning N. and Theodocia Dircks, to America in 1857; 
 after one year's residence in the State of New York they came to Fond du Lac, where they still reside ; at 
 the age of 11 years Henry commenced to work in Griffith's saw-mill, in this city, where he remained three 
 years ; afterward, for six years he was employed in the sash, door and blind manufactory of C. J. L. Meyer; 
 since that time he has been engaged in some work at the Mihills factory. He was married in the town of 
 Lomira, Dodge Co., Wis., Nov. 13, 1879, to Amelia Wollenburg, who was born near Berlin in Prussia. 
 Mr. Dircks was Secretary of the Volunteer Fire Department for about five years ; since the organization of the 
 present system he has been Foreman of the Hook and Ladder Co. He is a member of the Fireman's Mutual 
 Aid Society. He belongs to the Lutheran Church, and St. Peter's Society connected with the church. 
 
 RICHARD l>IX, was born in Saxony, April 27, 1827, from where, after attending Jena Uni- 
 versity, Dresden College, and studying for a veterinary surgeon and practicing th.at profession about one 
 year, he came to America in 1849, locating in Milwaukee; he followed the profession of veterinary sur- 
 geon iu Milwaukee and vicinity until 1855, when he came to Fond du Lac and engaged in the business of 
 brewing, which he continued until 1862. Mr. Dis lived in Green Bay three years, where, with his 
 parents, he built the gas-works ; during the last two years he has not been in active business. He was 
 
798 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 married at Fond du L;ie July 11, 1859, to Josepliina Kreinbs, a native of Wurtemburg ; they have one 
 son — Richard. Mr. Dis also has a son by a furmer wife — Edwin J., who is in C. J. L. Meyer's office at 
 Chicago. The two fine brick stores south of the Patty House belong to Richard Dix, who is a member 
 of the Masonic Lodge and Chapter at Fond du Lac. 
 
 JULilUS DOZOTEiLL, engineer; residence corner of Brook and Ruggles street; he was boru 
 in Lewis Co., N. Y., July 20, 1839; in 18-t9 he went to Galena, 111., and came to Fond du Lac in 1850. 
 He married in Jefferson, Wis., in 1861, Jennie Mclnnis; their children are May, Josephine, Jennie L., 
 Caddie V. and Francis A; Mr. Dozotell has been engaged as an engineer for over eighteen years. In pol- 
 itics, lie is a Repuliliean. 
 
 KR.4.S1'US W. DRURY^, son of Needham and Clarissa Drury, nee Ladd ; was born in Bangor, 
 N.y., in 1814 ; when he was about 2 years of age, his father changed his residence to Pittsford, Vt., from 
 there, to Highgate, Vt., where he died in 1822. His son Erastus, being then only 8 years of age, was left to 
 struggle upward alone as best he could ; he acquired a taste for study from his father, who was a teacher 
 and had excited his ambitiin ; he afterward improved every opportiinit}', until he acquired a good academic 
 education ; he wasdecidedly a self-made man ; he was early apprenticed to the printing business, and at the age 
 of 18 years, became editor and publisher of the Vermont Argus, a Democratic paper which he conducted 
 with remarkable ability and energy, working until midnight and rising at 3 A. M., thus allowing himself 
 but three hours of sleep, and from three to five minutes for his meals ; he continued the paper about two 
 years, and then passing it over to his brother Hamilton Drury, he devoted himself to the study of law, 
 was wdniitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Middlebury, Vt. In 1837, Mr. Drury was married 
 to Eveline T. Horton, daughter of Daniel G. and Mary Horton, nee Drury, of Sudbury, Vt., went to 
 Washington, D. C, on his wedding tour, and received the appointment of Postmaster at Middlebury, Vt., 
 through the influence of Hon. Silas Wright, U. S. Senator, from New York, and a personal friend of Mr. 
 Drury ; in 1843, he caiue to Wisconsin Territory, and after entering a tract of land near Racine, he came 
 to I'lind du Lao (!ounty and entered 400 acres in Ijamariine ; he then formed a pleasant acquaintance with 
 Dr. Mason C. Darling, became much interested in his plan for "laying out" the village of Fond du Lac, 
 and concluded to make it his future home; he went back to Middlebury, Vt., intending to return soon, but 
 on account of the protracted illness and subsequent death of his wife, he was delayed until 1846, when 
 he returned to Fond du Lac and found the village being formed, with here and there a house on IMain 
 street, and a few buildings seemingly scattered over the prairie, but each stood on a street regularly laid 
 out ; Mr. Drury then formed a partnership with Mr. John A. Eastman, a son-in-law of Dr. M. C. Darling, 
 for the practice of law. In 1847, Mr. Drury went back to Schenectady, N. Y., and was married to 
 Deborah Van Patten, daughter of Simon P. and Hannah Van Patten, nee Toll, and returned soon after 
 to Fond du Lac with his wife, and two children of his first wife, a daughter and son, named Mary Eveline, 
 who died after a few years, and Hamilton Hoiton ; of Mr. Drury's children after his second marriage, but 
 one is living, a daughter named Harriet Deborah ; after having a house built on Marr street for his resi- 
 dence, Mr. Hrury hud a block erected on Main street, opposite from where the Patty House now stands, 
 for stores and offices, in which he had his law office for a number of years until the building was destroyed 
 by fire ; Mr. Druiy made inve-stments in Fond du Lac and the vicinity from time to time, and in different 
 parts of the State ; he continued in the practi -e of law until his failing health compelled him to retire 
 from business. \Vhile Mr. Drury aimed to occupy a respectable position among his fellow-citizens, he was 
 most anxious that his moral and religious influence in the church and community might be such as would 
 meet the approval of his dear Savior to whose ble.sseil service he consecrated himself at the early age of 
 11 years, when he became a member of the Congregational Church; when he came to Fond du Lac, he 
 united with the Congregational Church, which was then in its infancy, and assisted in sustaining it for 
 several years. When he felt it his duty to join with eleven others of the members in organizing a Presby- 
 terian Church, in which he labored to the best of his ability until his Strength fiiiled and he was laid 
 aside, but he hus been sweetly sustained through many trying years of illness by the presence of the dear 
 Master wh im he sought to serve. 
 
 PKTER imFRANE, Jr., grocer, on West Division street; was born in Canada in 1853; 
 when quite young, his parents moved to Fond du Lac, where he has since made his home ; in 1870, he 
 began clerking in a grocery store for C. E. Errard, with whom he remained until 1877, when he began 
 the grocery business for himself. Mr. Dufrane is a member of St. Louis Catholic Church. 
 
 FRAXK F. DUFFY, attorney ; was born in Richmond, Va., Feb. 2, 1851, and was educated 
 at St. Charles College, in RLn-yland, where he graduated in 1870; he came to Fond du Lac in 1872; 
 studied law w'th Coleman & Spence ; was admitted to the bar, and is now serving his second term as City 
 Attorney of Fond du Lac ; he is a member of the law firm of Conklin & Duffy, and has a good business. 
 
CITY OF FOND DU LAC. 799 
 
 HARVEY DIJRABII» was born ut We.'itficld, Chautauc|uu Co, N. Y., Nov. 2, 1827, where 
 he resided until coming to Fond du Lac, in 1 853 ; he read medicine five years out of curiosity ; after com- 
 ing to Fond du Lac, was engaged with the engineer corps three years, on the Chicago & North-Western 
 and Milwaukee and La Crosse railroads, after which he engaged in farming and speculating in the town of 
 Fond du Lac about four years, after which he removed to the city where he has since resided, amusing 
 himself by speculating and dealing in real estate ; he has been Assessor five years; was in the Provost 
 Marshal's office of the Fourth District during the war, and has been Deputy U. S. Marshal since 1861. 
 Mr. Durand also spent one year with James Coleman securing the right of way between Fond du Lac and 
 Milwaukee, for the North-Western Union Railway; in 1876, he made a tour of Europe, landing at Glas- 
 gow, Scotland, in which country he visited Melrose Abbey, Abbotsford, Dumfries and the birthplace of 
 Burns ; traveled over England and France, spending some time in London and Paris ; visited the amphi- 
 theater at Niems; explored Lyons, Versailles, Naney and other French cities; passed down the shore of 
 the Mediterranean to Rome, Naples and the Italian seaports ; ascended Mt. Vesuvius, exploring its crater; 
 spent some time in Venice, at the Italian lakes, in Switzerland, Baden-Baden, and several German and 
 Alsatian cities ; he returned in 1877, bringing, among other valuables, one of the finest guns to be found 
 in England, with which he has since slaughtered great numbers of " yellow-bills," being fijnd of hunting 
 and fishing, to which he devotes considerable attention. He was married at Roscndale, Wis., Sept. 33, 
 1860, to Jennie E., daughter of John Brown, who was born at Towanda, Cattaraugus Co, N. Y. 
 
 HENRY W. DURAND was bom at North East, Erie Co., Penn., Feb. 2, 1843; came to 
 Racine, Wis., in 1855, to town of Fond du Lao the same year, and to Fond du Lac City in 1859 ; he attended 
 school until the rebellion, and then enlisted in Co. I, 1st W. V. I, in April, 1861 ; after serving three 
 months, he re-enlisted, in Co. A, 14th W. V. I., in which he served till the close of the war, being mustered 
 out as First Lieutenant ; he was in all the battles in which his regiment engaged, except the Red River 
 expedition, being at home recruiting, in which he secured fifty-two men ; the principal engagements in 
 which he served were Shiloh, Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, Vicksburg, Spanish Fort, Mobile, Tupelo and 
 Nashville ; after leaving the army, he engaged for four years in the fruit and confectionery business, since 
 which he has dealt in hay and grain. He was married, March 20, 1866, at Fond du Lac, to Mary M. 
 Heth, who was born at Silver Creek, Chautauqua Co., N. 1'^., July 12, 1844 ; they have one child — Ella 
 M.,born March 10, 1867. 
 
 R. K. DYE, Jr., dealer in musical instruments and musical merchandise ; born in Lomira, 
 Dodge Co., Wis., Dec. 13, 1854; came to Byron, Fond du Lac Co., with his parents, in 1865; resided 
 there until 1877, when he came to this city; engaged in present business ever since ; he has taught instru- 
 mental music for the last four years. Oct. 28, 1877, he was married in Washington, Conn., to Sarah 
 Mayhew. 
 
 REV. GEORGE B. EASTMAX was born at Rindolph, Orange Co., Vt., Dec. 2 t, 1811 ; 
 pursued his preparatory studies at Orange County Grammar School, enteriug when about 15 years of age, 
 and continuing the same till in his 21st year, when he changed to and entered the freshman class at the 
 University of Vermont in 1832, from whence he was transferred to the sophomore class of Dartmouth 
 College, where he graduated with the class of 1836; for three months immediately following his gradua- 
 tion, he was teacher and theological student under Bishop Hopkins, of Episcopal Institute of Vermont, at 
 Burlington ; in the fall of 1836, he went from there as tutor in Bristol College, at Bristol, Penn., where 
 he remained till the spring of 1837, when he was chosen Principal of the Classical School, at Detroit, 
 Mich., which he held till the spring of 1833 ; in the spring of 1838, he was chosen Principal of the Kala- 
 mazoo branch of the University of Michigan, but resigned this in the fall of 1839 for the professorship of 
 language in the Episcopal Institute, of Troy, New l''ork ; resi::ning the professorship in the spring of 
 1840, he became Rector of Grace Church, at Waterford, N. Y., having previously pursued his studies far 
 holy orders, which he received Aug. 25, 1839, under Bishop McCoskry, of Michigan. He held the pas- 
 torate of Grace Church till the summer of 1845, when he was chosen Rector of Christ's Church, Quaker 
 Farms, and St. Peter's Church, at Oxford, having the two charges at that time ; from the summer of 1846 
 to the spring of 1847, he was general missionary of Rensselaer Co., N. Y., when he became Rector of Zion, 
 Avon, N. Y. ; in 1850, he was chosen Rector of St. Paul's, Brownville, N. Y., and after three and a half 
 years' pastorate at Brownville, he was chosen Rector of St. Paul's Church at Fond du Luc, beiug its second 
 Pastor, and which charge he had for more than twelve years ; in autumn of 1866, he went from St. Paul's, 
 Fond du Lac, to the pastorate of St. Paul's, East Saginaw, Mich., where he remained till the spring of 
 1870, when he became Rector of Trinity Church, at Monroe, Mich., which, on account of his health, he 
 resigned in May, 1878, and again took up his residence at Fond du Lac, Wis. Dec. 31, 1838, he married 
 Miss Margaret Brother, a native of Geneva, N. Y., where she was born May I, 1819 ; the children are 
 
800 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Wilber, Francis, Henry B.; Mary, now Mrs. GrifEth, of Fond du Lac; Margaret, now Mrs. Col. Ferris, of 
 Idaho; Geori^e K., Catharine M , William T., Elizabeth T., Charles W., and Eleanor H. 
 
 HIRAM W. EATON, born in Canada Nov. 28, 1833, son of Hiram Eaton ; came to Wis- 
 consin in 181:5, locating near Whitewater, where he lived fifteen years; .spent the next twelve years in 
 Missouri and Illinois ; returned to Monroe, Wis., and came to Fond du Lac in February, 1874, where he 
 has since carried on the business of manufacturing soda water and spruce beer, which he has followed for 
 twenty years, recently adding facilities for bottling laser beer. He was married at Whitewater, May 10 
 1857, to Jane, daughter of Wm. Page, who came to Wisconsin in May, 1845; she was born in the town of 
 Marshall, Oneida Co., N. Y.; they have seven children — -Roderick D., Maud A., Blanche, Harry, Charles 
 F., Alma J. and Bessie, and two infants have died. 
 
 RUDOIiPH KBKKT, President of the German American Savings Bank; was born at 
 Dcrmbaeh, Grand Duchy of Saxe Weimar, Eisenach, June 29, 1829, and came to America, to Fond du 
 Ijac County in the fall of 1848, first locating in the town of Calumet; he there engaged in farming, which 
 he continued until the spring of 1850, when he moved to Fond du Lac ; he at once secured a position as 
 Clerk in the Register of Deeds' office, which he held until he was elected Register in November, 1852 ; 
 he served 1858 and 1854 — one term — after which he opened an office for the transaction of real-estate, 
 loan and abstract business ; in the spring of 1865, Mr. E. visited Europe, returning in the fall to renew 
 his business, which was continued until 18GB, when the private banking-house of Ebert & Perry was 
 established ; in 1873, the bank was organized under the State law as a savings bank, R. Ebert, President, 
 and J. C. Perry, Ca.shier. Mr. Ebert has been six terms City Treasurer of Fond du Lac, and a member 
 of the Board of Education. In November, 1851!, he was married to Louisa Encking, a native of Hol- 
 stein, Germany ; they have had six children, but only one is living — -Augustus, born July 22, 1861, and 
 now in the order and sale department of C. J. L. Meyer's factory. 
 
 HIRAM EDGKRTOX, retired farmer ; is a native of Rome, Oneida Co., N. Y. ; born in 
 September, 1802 ; he spent his boyhood with his father on a farm, and received a limited education in 
 the district schools of that county; came to Wisconsin in the fall of 1846 ; settled on a farm of 160 
 acres in the town of Fond du Jjac, which his brother Thomas had entered two years prior to their 
 immigration ; having built a small frame house 16x24 feet, though at that time, perhaps, the best in the 
 neighborhood, in the spring of 1847, he returned to New York for his family, with which he reached 
 Fond du Lac June 16 following; he did not get his house plastered, however, till December, and then it 
 was by constantly thawing the mortar by the stoves, around which the family sat while t!ie men plastered 
 the walls. Thus beginning pioneer life in Fond du Lac Co., Mr. Edgerton has always been one of its 
 reliable and successful farmers ; though the toil and struggle were severe, his resolution to succeed was 
 equal to the task, so step by step he has gradually acquired a comfortable home to enjoy in his old age. 
 In 1825, he married Miss Lucinda Felton, daughter of Robin and Sylva Felton, of Rome, Oneida Co., 
 N. Y., who died at her home in Fond du Lac, Wis., in 1864, leaving five children — Francis (now Mrs. 
 John J. Tripp, of the town of Fond du Lac), Sarah (who married Oliver Pier, but her husband dying 
 in three years after their marriage, she married Mr. De VVitt Williams, of Oneida Co., N. Y. ), Sylvia A., 
 (now Mrs. David H. Vinton, of Empire), Ophelia (now Mrs. Samuel B. Stanchfield ), Charles B. (who 
 married Miss Matilda Hamilton, daughter of Henry Hamilton, of Fond du Lac, Jan. 1, 1866 ; they have 
 two children — -Kalie and De Witt). Mr. Edgerton married Miss Jule Olmstead, of Fond du Lac, in the 
 spring of 186G ; she had three children — W. J. Olmstead, C. 0. Olmstead, Dr. Austin F. Olmstead, of 
 Green Bay. 
 
 JAMES EDMITND, foreman of engine-room and round-house of N.-W. R. R. Co., is a 
 native of Yorkshire, England, born in 1829 ; spent most of his time till 20 years of age on a farm; came 
 to America in 1849, and settled at Fond du Lac, where he engaged in farming for about two years ; from 
 1851 to 1854, he was employed in the construction of the Rock River Valley & Union Railroad ; in 1854, 
 hi! was employed in the Union Iron Works, where he continued three years ; was next employed as 
 engineer in Butler <& Hiner's saw-mill for three seasons ; from 1861 to 1866, was employed as machinist 
 in the shops of the N.-W. R. R., when he was appointed foreman in the car and locomotive shops of rail- 
 road at Fond du Lac, which position he now holds. He married Miss Alice Gainford, a native of Dur- 
 ham, England, in 1856 ; they had two children — William J. and an infant deceased. Members of 
 the Presbyterian Chtirch, 
 
 IVILLARU EDSON was born at Swanton, Franklin Co., Vt., Feb. 5, 1813. Was married 
 at Braintree, Vt., to Ann Pratt, in May. 1837 ; she died Dec. 24, 1852, leaving one son — Solon W. 
 
 SOL-ON \V. Ei>SON, was'born at West Randolph, Orange Co., Vt., March 31, 1838; came 
 to Wisconsin in October, 1854, where he has since resided; he was eight years clerk in a shoe store; since 
 
FOND DU LAC. 801 
 
 then has been engaged ia manufiicturing pumps, horse-rakes, and various articles in wood. Mr. E.has 
 teen a member of the Odd Fellows' Lodge since 1859. He was married at Greenbush, Wis., March 31, 
 1864, to Frances Josephine, daughter of Perry 0. Weaver ; she was born in Chittonango, N. Y., in 1833 ; 
 they have two children living — Eugene Willard, born May 17, 1808, and Mabel Elizabeth, born Dec. 8, 
 1878, and have lost two^Mary Knowles, died at the age of 6 months, and Anna Pratt died at the age of 
 .about 5 years. Edson & Son are manufacturers of plain and ornamental building-work, brackets, moldings, 
 newel-posts, st.iir-railing, balusters, etc.; ornamental carving, furniture, office- work, turning and scroll-saw- 
 ing to order. Much of their work will be found in the private residences, public buildings, lodge-rooms, 
 churches, etc. Solon W. Edson was a member of the Fond du Lac Fire Department from the time of its 
 organization until the abandonment of the hand machines, a period of about twenty years, the last five 
 years being an honorary member. He helped draw the first engine from the depot. 
 
 VITAL. EDWIW, foreman of yard at McDonald's saw-mill, was born in France in 1838 ; 
 came to Fond du Lac in 18G3, and began work for Sexmith & Davis, in a saw-mill, where he continued 
 for six years, after which, in 1869, he worked one year for the Fond du Lac Lumbering Co.; in 1870, he 
 worked in a planinsj-iuill for Mr. McDonald, whence he was transferred to the position of foreman of 
 the lumber-yard by Mr. McDonald. Married Miss Jlalvina Deneault, of Russelltown, Canada, 
 in 1859 ; they have seven children — Alfred, Lafayette, Thelisford, Alexander, Adaline, Merceline and 
 Emma. Owns house, and lot and five acres of land two miles from the city. 
 
 OSCAR C. fiGER, order and shipping clerk for C. J. L.Meyer's sash, door and blind factory, 
 was born in Saxony in 1854 ; came to America with his parents in 1858, and settled at Watertown, Wis., 
 where he lived and attended school most of the time till 1874; in 1874, he came to Fond du Lac, and 
 was employed as clerk in Sarp & Whittelsey's dry-goods store for one year ; in 1875, he was employed by 
 Mr. Meyer as salesman iu the sash, door and blind factory ; in 1878, he was made order and shipping- 
 clerk of the manufictory. Mr. E. has been a member of the I. 0. 0. F., since 1875 — Knights of Pythias 
 since 1878. 
 
 CHARLES A. ELDREDGE was born at Bridgeport, Vt.; when a child he moved with his 
 parents to the State of New York and settled in St. Lawrence Co., near the village of Canton ; at this 
 time, St. Lawrence Co. was little better than a wilderness, and Mr. Eldredge endured the hard.ships 
 incident to the settlement of a new country, enjoying only the meager educational advantages afforded by 
 the district schools of the neighborhood; from about the time he was 18 years of age, he attended the 
 academy at Canton, being able to secure this aid to his education only by the severest labor, supporting 
 himself and, at the same time, paying the wages of a man to take his place upon his father's farm ; when 
 21, he had prepared himself for college, but, finding that he must still rely upon his own exertions alone, 
 he unwillingly gave up the hope of attending college, entered the law office of John L. Russell, of Canton, 
 and began his legal studies ; here he remained for nearly six years, supporting himself by teaching school ; 
 some of the time, also, acting as Superintendent of Schools; in 1847, he was admitted to the bar; in 
 1848, having practiced for some time in the lower courts of New York, he came West, settled at Fond du 
 Lac, and at once began the practice of his profession. In 1849, he married Maria A. Bishop, only 
 daughter of Arch Bishop, then of Washington Co., N. Y., but afterward of the town of Eden, Fond 
 du Lac Co.; his family consists of five children^William A., Arch B., May R., Charles and Adda. 
 In 1854, Mr. Eldredge was elected State Senator, served two terms and refused a renomination ; in 1862, 
 he was elected a Representative in Congress over Edward S. Bragg, a Democrat, who accepted the Repub- 
 lican nomination ; in 1864, 1866, 1868, 1870 and 1872, Mr. Eldredge was unanimously renominated, and 
 re-elected by large, though varying, majorities; his opponents, during this time, were A. Scott Sloan, J. A. 
 Watrous, Orrin Hatch, Judge Frisby, of West Bend, and Louis Baetz, formerly State Treasurer; in 1874, 
 Mr. Eldredge was defeated for a renomination, the result being largely, if not wholly, due to his action on 
 the " back-pay bill," generally called the " Salary Grab," which measure he supported and defended in 
 Congress, and as to his error or wrong in the matter is still unconvinced. Mr. Eldridge's service in Con- 
 gress was during the most heated and bitter time of the war, and, while he supported and flivored, with 
 all his energy, every measure having for its object only the suppression of the rebellion and the forcing 
 back of the seceding States to their allegiance, he opposed with equal vigor every measure which he 
 believed had for its object the subjugation of those States as con(iuered provinces; every measure tending 
 to keep alive and prolong the- hostile and bitter feelings resulting naturally from the war ; he claimed 
 then, and the same doctrine has been held by every court which has yet passed upon the question, that 
 only by successful rebellion could those Slates get out of the Union, and that legislation by Congress which 
 produced or admitted such a result was only less criminal than actual rebellion in that it saved the country 
 
802 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 from the horrors of war ; by his speech on the subject, he forced from Thaddeus Stevens the announce- 
 ment that the rebel States were out of the Union ; were conquered provinces and rigjhtly to be treated as 
 such. Mr. Eldredgo served for many years upon the Judiciary Committee of the House, and, with Mr. 
 Marshall, of Illinois, made the minority report against the impeachment of Andrew Johnson; he opposed 
 the passage of the law known as the " Federal Election Laws," and, in his speech upon the bill, foretold, 
 with a clearness almost prophetic, the result; his predictions have been more than fultilled, and the time is 
 rapidly coming when they will be blotted from our statute-books ; when the question of the distribution 
 of the Geneva award was before Congress, Mr. Eldredge differed with both the majority and minority of 
 the Judiciary Committee, and. in opposing the bill proposed by the majority, held in a forcible and eloquent 
 speech, that as the money awarded came from (jreat Britain, whose wrong was against the United States, 
 and the losses from which the whole people of the United States suffered, and as it was an indemnity 
 paid by a neutral nation for wrongs done to this nation or its citizens and for losses sustained by the nation 
 or its citizens during the war, nothing would more completely and justly satisfy the demands of equity, 
 than to cover the money into the people's Treasury for the people's use, and not to pay it over to insurance 
 companies and corporations who were making money and dividing among themselves two dollars for one of 
 their investments, while the mass of the people suffered all the horrors and calamities of the war. In 
 1870, Mr. Eldredge opposed the right of the Federal Government to determine the qualification of electors, 
 and in an able speech spoke against the action of party and party spirit in regard to such a measure. In 
 opposing a bill very materially changing our present naturalization laws, making it much more difficult for 
 foreign immigrants to become citizens, Mr. Eldredge advocated '• that the immigrant, coming here in good 
 faith to make this country his country and to cast his lot in with us, should be granted all these privileges 
 at once. Actual residence, with intention of remaining, renunciation of all former allegiances, and his 
 oath of allegiance to the United States being all that should be re((uired. 
 
 W. A. ELDREDGE, of the firm of Butterfield & Eldredge, merchant tailors; born in Fond 
 du Lac June 25, 1850 ; son of Hon. C. A. Eldredge, who came here in 1849 ; Mr. Eldredge graduated 
 from the Law Department of the Georgetown University at Washington, D. C., in June, 1875 ; he was 
 admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia ; he was engaged in practice at 
 Milwaukee for a short time prior to engaging in his present business, in November, 1878. He married 
 Miss Lillie Cook, daughter of Charles Cook, of Washington, D. C, in Washington, Nov. 11, 1873; she 
 died in that city in March, 1875 ; his present wife was Anna, daughter of William Mason, of Fond du 
 Lac ; they were married Deo. 25, 1878; she was born near Windsor Castle, England. 
 
 C. li. EXCKING, real-estate agent, was born at Holstein, Germany, Jan. 17, 1837 ; came to 
 Taycheedah in 1852, where he lived two years ; he then came to Fond du Lac and engaged as a dry-goods 
 clerk with Sewell & Co.,, which firm he bought out eighteen months later, the firm becoming Bower & 
 Encking ; this firm continued two years, after which Mr. Encking followed agricultural pursuits until 1862, 
 when he returned to the city and, in .January of that year, be^an clerking in the Register's Office, which he 
 followed until December, 1864, when he bought out R. Ebert's real estate, loan and notary business, and has 
 continued in it ever since ; he is also ocean steamship ticket agent, abstracter of lands, perfecter of titles, 
 etc. He has been City Comptroller two terms, Alderman and in other local offices. He was married, at 
 Fond du Lac, Jan. 6, LStiS, to Ida Bechaud, a native of Germany ; they have two children — Emelie and 
 Louise. Mr. Encking is a member of the Commandery, Chapter, Masonic Lodge, Concordia Benevolent 
 Society and German English Academy. 
 
 CAIjICE E. EKRARD, proprietor of grocery store ; was born in Canada in 1824 ; he grew 
 up and lived on a farm there until 1862, when he went to Vermont, from there to New Hampshire and 
 thence to Michigan, .spending six years in the three States, after which he returned to Canada and spent 
 the winter of lS(>8-Gy ; in the spring of 1869 he moved to Fond du Lac and began the grocery business, 
 in which he has continued since that time. He married Miss Delphine Ladduke, of Fond du Lac, in 1874, 
 and has two children — Malina and Joseph. Mr. Errard and his family are members of St. Louis Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 SEBASTIAN EUDEMILLiER, proprietor of marble works, was born in Germany in 1829; 
 came to New York City with his parents in 1845 ; in 1846, he began his trade with the firm of Fisher & 
 Bird, of New York City, and with whom he remained until 1861. when he came to Fond du Lac, and was 
 in the employ of Sterns & Sherwood, marble men, for one year ; in 1863 he began the business for himself, 
 and has since been proprietor of the same. He is one of the charter members of the German Odd Fellows' 
 Lodge, prior to which he was a member of the American Lodge ; was a member of the City Council from 
 the Second Ward in 1875; was assistant engineer of the Fire Department for two years; organized the 
 Hook and Ladder Company, of which he was Foreman until 1873 ; he was also a member of the Fire 
 
FOISD DT' LAC. 803 
 
 Department while in New York City. In 1852, he married Mis.s Barbara Schneider, of New York ; they 
 have seven children — Rebecca, Barbara, Katie, Paulina, Matilda, Louisa and Charles. 
 
 OWEN EVANS, Foreman of Fire Engine No. 3 ; was born in Trenton, Oneida Co., X. Y., Nov, 
 22, 1855; came with h;.s parents, William and Catherine Evans, now residents of the city, to Fond du 
 Lac in 1868 ; Mr. E. has been connected with the fire department three years, prior to which time he was 
 connected with various mills and factories ; he is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge. 
 
 ASAPH C. EVEREST, grain-dealer; was born in the town of Addison, Addison Co., Vt., 
 in 181ti, his parents, Zadock Everest and Olive Taylor, both died in Vermont; in 1836, he immigrated 
 to Knox Co., III., and for one and a half years was engaged in merchandising, and then removed to Rock 
 Island, 111, whence, in 1840, he returned to Vermont ; in 1841, he came again to Knox Co., 111., and was 
 in business one year in Knoxville and then returned a second time to Vermont ; in 1846, he came to 
 Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on a farm in the town of Lamartine, where he followed farming till 1854; 
 he was one of the organizers of the town of Lamartine and was the first Chairman of the Town Board ; 
 in 1854, he entered some land in Minnesota, but never settled on it; in the fall of 1854, he removed to 
 Galesburg, 111.; remained the winter, and, in the spring of 1855, came to the city of Fond du Lac, where 
 he has since been dealing in grain and produce. In June, 1846, he married Miss Clara Drury, who 
 died in the spring of 1857, leaving two children — -Anna, now the wife of Daniel Abercrombie and lives 
 in the Province of .Quebec, Canada, and 31ary D., now the wife of William Coolbaugh and lives in 
 Algona, Iowa. In 1857, he married Thankful M., daughter of Ralph and Sarah Abercrombie. of Lower 
 Canada ; their children are Kate A. (now a student at the State University), Byron (deceased), Albert C., 
 now at home. Mr. and Mrs. E. are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. E. has been a member of the 
 City Council several terms. 
 
 JAMES EWEN, retired ; is a native of New York City, where he was born in 1806 and 
 resided until 1831, spending much of his time with his brothers, who were civil engineers of that city, 
 and, at the same time, devoting his attention to steamboat building; in May, 1831, he went from New 
 York to Canada to build steamboats for the navigation of the St. Lawrence River, which he continued till 
 1835, when he returned to the city of New York and made that his home till 1840 ; after an absence of 
 five years from Canada, he was again sought by the company, in whose employ he had been, to again 
 engage in building steamboats for them, which he consented to do, and remained with the company for 
 nine years ; in 1849, he came to Fond du Lac and began the lumber trade, which he continued one year, 
 when he exchanged that business for a hotel, then known as the '• Lewis House," of which ho was pro- 
 prietor for a little more than ten years ; his wife growing weary of such a life, he rented the hotel and 
 retired to private life ; in two or three years after that, he disposed of the hotel building, and has since 
 been mostly engaged in buying and selling real estate, cashing notes, loaning money, etc. He married 
 Miss Isabella Milton, of Niagara, in September, 1835, by whom he has had seven children, three of whom 
 are now deceased ; those living are Mariah (now Mrs. Dudly, of Fond du Lacj, Milton, John J., Isabella 
 and Frank E. 
 
 J. Li. D. EYCLESHIJIER is a native of Pittstown, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., born June 1, 
 1824, and is the son of John P. and Mary (Cushman) Eycleshimer, also natives of New York, but of 
 Holland descent; he spent his earlier life on a farm in his native county, and, in October, 1850, immi- 
 grated to Wisconsin ; he firsi settled in the city of Janesville, Rock Co., where for seven years he was 
 engaged in the livery business and at the same time carried on a farm ; during the year 1858 and part of 
 1859, he was dealing in fast horses, and spent much of the time in the Southern States ; returning to 
 Janesville in October, 1859, he formed a copartnership with Louis P. Harvey, afterward Governor of Wis- 
 consin, H. 0. Clark and John S. Harvey, and began millinc; at Shopiere, Rock Co., Wis., which they, as a 
 firm, continued till 1865 ; Nov. 21, 1859, he removed to the city of Fond du Lac for the purpose of sup- 
 plying their mill with wheat from that market; after the dissolution of their milling; firm in 1865, he con- 
 tinued dealing in grain and produce, more or less, till the fill of 1870 ; in November, 1862, he was elected 
 Sherifl" of Fond du Lac Co; in the spring of 1864, he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Public 
 Works in the city. In the fall of 1870, he was elected Register of Deeds of this county and filled the 
 oflfice with such credit to himself and satisfaction to his friends that he was re-elected to that ofiice in 
 1872; his term of ofiice expiring January 1, 1875, he again resumed the grain trade, which he has fol- 
 lowed most of the time since; spent one year (1879) in the business in Dakota; he is now operating in 
 grain at Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co. Sept. 1, 1847, he married Miss Harriet A., the youngest daughter 
 of Elisha and Lydia Sherman, of Pittstown, Rensselaer Co., N. Y.; they have two sons — Charles S., now 
 Deputy Register of Deeds of Fond du Lac County, and Fred L. D., who is now a student at stenography 
 in this city. Mrs. Eycleshimer is a member of the Baptist Church. 
 
804 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JAMES H. FARHfS WORTH, Secretary of the La Belle Wagon Works ; is a native of St. 
 Charles, 111., where he was horn in 1S;>9 ; his parents soon afterward moved to Racine, Wis., where they 
 lived till James was about S years old, when in 1843 they came to Fond du Lac; in 1868 he became 
 a partner in the firm of Farnswort.h, Knapp & Co., wholesale and retail hardware msrchants ; then the 
 largest wholesale house in the State outside of Milwaukee ; in 1878 he disposed of his interest in the hard- 
 ware trade, and in 1874 became business manager of the La Belle Wagon Works, in which capacity he 
 served till 1879 when it became a stock company and he was chosen Secretary for the company. In Feb- 
 ruary, 18GS, he married Miss Aurelia S. Ingram, niece of Dr. Darling, of Fond du Lac; they have three 
 children— Dana A., bora Nov. 29, 1871 ; Claire, born April 1, 1875 ; Annie, born Dec. 20, 1877. Mr. F. 
 and wife are members of the Congregational Church. Mr. F. has been a Mason for a number of years. 
 Mr. Farnsworth has been connected with the La Belie Wagon Works since its origin ; he was one of the 
 originators of the wiu-ks which are now so well known throughout this country. 
 
 WILLIAM FARXSWORTH, (deceased); was born in Groton, Mass., Oct. 23, 1819; 
 received his education at the Seminary of Groton by the time he reached his 15th year; in 1834, he 
 with his parents moved to St. Charles, 111.; he desired to learn the cooper's trade, and his father agreed to 
 give him his time and all he could earn from that time on ; before he reached his 21 year he had 
 saved $300 from his earnings, but the company failed and caused him so much trouble in getting his hard- 
 earned savings that he firmly resolved that in after life he would make, his living with his brains rather 
 than his hands, which resolution he faithfully kept ; in 1810 he with his parents moved to llacine, Wis.; 
 whence in 1848 he came to Fond du Lac, landing here with only $5 in his pocket to meet his expenses 
 till he could find a way by which he could rejilenish his much-reduced purse ; his first business after 
 settling here was with his father in the manufacture of grain cr.ujles, which he continued till 1854, when 
 he established the wholesale and retail hardware store ; in the same year he took Mr. Isaac Sherwood in as 
 a partner when the firm was known and existed till 1868 as Farnsworth & Sherwood, hardware merchants ; 
 in 1868 James H. Farnsworth and William H. Knapp purchased Mr. Sherwood's interest, and the firm 
 was then known as Farnsworth, Knapp & Co.; in 1868, under the name of Farnsworth, Knapp & Co., 
 the La Belle Wagon Works were established, Mr. Farnsworth being the prime mover in the establishment, 
 and the most active and energetic man connected with the works till 1873, when the business changed 
 hands, though he continued an interest in the business till 1876 ; in June, 1877, he went to Colorado and 
 was there interested in the sale of wagons and lumber till his health suddenly failed him and he was com- 
 pelled to return to his home at Fond du Lac, shortly after which he died, Sept. 3, 1878. In 1852, he mar- 
 ried Miss Mary Edgerton, sixth daughter of Dr. J. Edgerton, of Fond du Lac, whom he left a widow with 
 three children — Cara, M. Antoinette and Emma. Mr. Farnsworth was one of those enterprising and 
 public-spirited men to whom much credit is due for the establishment of some of the mo.st beneficial indus- 
 tries of which Fond du Lac to-dav is so justly proud. 
 
 HON. JAMES FITiZGERALD, was born in County Cork, Ireland, April 13, 1817 ; 
 came to Boston April 20, 1848; resided in the town of Randolph, Mass., six years; arrived at Fond du ' 
 Lac July 12, 1854, and began the business of shoemaker, which he has followed for over fifty years. Mr. 
 F. has taken an active part in politics ; served as Alderman of the Fourth Ward, and was a member of the 
 Assembly for the city of Fond du Lac in 1878. He was married in Boston, Aug. 5, 1849, to Johanna 
 Berry, horn in county Cork, Ireland. They have five children — William, James, John, Thomas, 
 Edmund and Johanna. 
 
 FRANK A. FIjOWER, journalist; was born at Cottage, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., May 11, 
 1854 ; began attending school at the age of 6, and, from that time until his edacation was finished, was 
 never absent a whole day from his classes ; at 13, he was sent to Madame Staats' private school for Latin, 
 French and literary students ; at 14, to the Gowauda Academy, and at 15 to the State Normal School at 
 Fredonia, N. Y., where he took a classical course. His first contributions to the press appeared, under a 
 fictitious name, simultaneously in the New York Trihiine and Ellicottsville Union, in 1867. From that 
 time he has written continuously for the leading newspapers and periodicals. At 18, he was engaged for 
 one year as reporter and traveling correspondent for the Fredonia (^N. Y.) Admrtker and Union. At 19, 
 he was engaged as Principal of the school at Perrysburg, which position was retained until he came to 
 Fond du Lac in November, 1874. At school, he was chosen editor of the Zetesian and the Suns 
 iSouci. He wrote several dramas, which were successfully put upon the stage, and numerous stories, 
 while carrying three extra studies in school. At the graduating exercises at the State Normal School, 
 after delivering his oration on " Hogs Amongst Kings, or Kings Among.st Hogs," he was requested to 
 elaborate and deliver it as a lecture for the benefit of the Public Library of Sinclairville, which he did to 
 a full house. This earned for him the title of " boy lecturer," and this oration, or '• lecture, ' was delivered 
 
FOND DV LAC. 805 
 
 twenty times iluiing that winter in Erie, Cattaraugus, and Ciiautauqua Cos. After arriving in Wis- 
 consin, Mr. F. engaged to deliver the same lecture in Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, but, being taken 
 severely ill, only filled two engagements — at Eureka and Winneeonue, Wis. During the winter of 1874-75, 
 he did his first newspaper work in Wisconsin upon the Ripon Commoiiivi^alfli,, which he loft in the early 
 spring of 1875, to read law with Coleman & Spence. May 1 of that year, ho engaged as local editor 
 of the Fond du Lac Saturday Reporter, continuing in that capacity until the paper changed hands, after 
 which he was employed upon the Milwaukee News. Connection with that paper was severed in the fall, 
 and Mr. P. took the " stump " with Congressman Charles G. Williams, Hons. E. C. McFetridge, Satterlee 
 Clark and Quartus H. Barron against the re-eleetion of William R. Taylor for Grovernor, his first speech 
 being at Waupun. Immediately after the State election of 1876, he went to Iowa, where he taught 
 school one term at Mitchell, returning to Pond du Lac March 1, 1877, to become associate editorof the Daily 
 Commonwealth, which position he held, performing most of the necessary editorial labors, until Nov. 
 8, 1879, when he resigned on account of ill health, and to accept literary labors of a less exacting nature. 
 Mr. Flower was married at Ripon, Deo. 22, 1875, to Mi.ss Nettie E. Appleby, born in Green Lake Co., 
 Wis., April 20, 1854. He never has used tobacco in any form, played a game for money, or used liquor as 
 a beverage. In 1874, he was awarded the cash prize by the National Butter and Egg Association, which 
 was paid by Daniel W. Dake of Beloit. Wis., for an illustrated pamphlet on the manufacture of butter 
 and cheese. 
 
 CHARLES W. FLOWER, dealer in books and stationery ; was born in Middlebury, Vt., 
 Dec. 22, 1842 ; lived several years in Montreal, Canada; came to Pond du Lac in 1864, and engaged in 
 the lumbering business; in 1871. he began his present business. Married at Chicago, Jan. 18, 1870, to 
 Frances E. Arnett, of Chicago ; tliey have one child — William Arnett Flower, born in April, 1874. Mr. 
 Flower's only brother, Aaron Parker Flower, is a hardware merchant at Spring Valley, Minn. 
 
 EDWARD FLYNN was born in County Waterford, Ireland, in 1882; his parents, William 
 and Honora (Corcoran) Plynn, were also natives of that county; he came to America in 1853, and 
 stopped in Massachusetts for three years ; in 1856, he c?,me to this city, where he has since lived ; he now 
 owns a house and lot on corner of Rees street. He was married to Catherine, daughter of Joseph and 
 Julia Lynch, nee Poly, also natives of County Waterford, Ireland; their children are John, Hanora, Will- 
 iam, Ellen, Patrick, Mary, Julia, Edward, Joanna, Margaret. The fiimil}' are members of St. Patrick's 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 E. F. FORD, paper dealer ; was born at East Livermore, Me., March 14, 1840, where he resided 
 until 1852, when he moved to Massachusetts, after which, Aug. 15, 1854, he came with his father to 
 Fond du Lac; after 1858 he was the traveling representative of a confectionery establishment at Mil- 
 waukee for nine years , three years thereafter, represented a wholesale grocery house, and, in 1877, began 
 dealing in paper, bags, twine, etc., at Fond du Lac. Mr. P. was married, Sept. 23, 1863, to Maggie Dew- 
 rose, who was born near Pittsburgh, Penn.; they have one child — Nellie E. Mr. Ford's father, Luther 
 L. Ford, died at Fond du Lac in 1872. 
 
 FRAK^K N. FOX, dealer in hats, caps, ladies' fine furs, gents' furnishing goods, sachels, 
 valises, etc.; born in Prussia Nov. 4, 1842; came to Milwaukee with his parents in June, 1854. In 
 August, 1865, he enlisted in Co. C, 24th W. V. I.; served until June 28. 1865, when he was mustered 
 out at Milwaukee : during his service, he was detailed to do provost-marshal duty at Gen. Sheridan's 
 •headquarters for about nine months. Came to Fond du Lac in August, 1865; commenced business here 
 Aug. 25, 1865 ; learned the trade of hatter and furrier in Milwaukee ; commenced work at his trade in 
 1858 ; Mr. Fox is a member of the Turner Society, I. O. O. P., and A., P. & A. M. Married, in Pond 
 du Lac, to Miss Mary Altpass, Aug. 20, 1867 ; they have two children — Prank E. and Edwin F. 
 
 JOH^ FRAXCIS was born in Cornwall, England, July 17, 1834 ; came to Canada in 1854 ; 
 to Portage City in 1S57. where he resided one year, and to Fond du Lac, June 28, 1858, engaging for 
 two and a half years in the livery business, since which time he has been in tlie hardware trade ; he first 
 began this businsss with S. E. Lefferts, and has been with him and his successor twenty years. Mr. F. 
 was married in the town of Ashford, Fond du Lac Co., April 25, 1861, to Mrs. Sophronia Harris, born 
 near Cornwall, Canada, Dec. 19. 1833 ; she is a daughter of Elizabeth Hitsman, who came to Fond du 
 Lac Co. in 1845. 
 
 EDWIN C. FRENCH (deceased), was a native of Cornwall, county of Stormont, Can.; born 
 JVIay 5, 1817 ; he received a common-school education in his native county, and early in life began to earn 
 his own living by clerking in a dry-goods store ; later, he became interested in public works, as follows ; 
 Beauharnois, Lachine and' St. Ann's Locks; the Northern Railroad, of New York; the Bytown & Prcs- 
 cott. now called the Ottawa and St. Lawrence, of Ontario ; the Union Canal, of Pennsylvania, and several 
 
806 BIOGRAPHICAL SKrETCHES : 
 
 railroads of Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. The last few years of his life were devoted to- 
 the manufacture of gas and building of railroad bridges; having thus spent most of his life in public enter- 
 prises, which shall be of lasting benefit to those who may come after him, he died at his home in Fond du 
 Lac June 30, 187G; he was a man of an active and acquisitive disposition, and by his public spirit, enter- 
 prise and industry, he accjuired a reasonable portion of this world's goods as the fruits of his honest toil. 
 Nov. 21, 1848, he was married to Miss Marj;aret, daughter of Daniel and Esther Mc Arthur, of Montreal, 
 Can., by whom he had five daughters — Esther A. (the late Mr.s. G. P. Knowles), Catherine (now Mrs. 
 G. P. Knowles, of Fond du Lac), Josephine, Jennie and Jessie JL The family are members of the Epis- 
 copal Church. 
 
 CHARLES L. FREDERICK, attorney, was born in Eldorado, Fond du Lac Co., in 1853 ; 
 son of Charles W. and Louise D. Frederick, who were early settlers of the town ; attended the Fond du 
 Lac High School and Commercial College ; was in the Register's office two years ; studied law with Cole- 
 man & Spence, after which he entered the Michigan University, graduating in the law and literary depart- 
 ments in 187G, being then admitted to the bar of the Circuit and Supreme Courts of Michigan ; he was 
 admitted to the bar in Wisconsin the same year, since which time he has been in the practice of his pro- 
 fession. 
 
 JACOB EREY, of the firm of J. & C. Frey, grain-dealers and brewers; was born in Germany 
 in 1824 ; came to Milwaukee in August. 1848, and in May, 1849, he, with his brother Charles, began 
 the brewery business here in the summer of 1849, and have since continued the business ; in 1866, 
 they purchased an elevator, having capacitor of 30,000 bushels, and have since been engaged in buying 
 grain in connection with their brewery establishment. Mr. Jacob Frey married Miss Dora Newkirk, of 
 Milwaukee, in 1850, she being a native of Germany also ; they have three children — Amelia, Frank and 
 Anna. Mr. Frey was a charter member of the first Odd Fellows' lodge organized at Fond du Lac. 
 
 CHARLjES EREY, partner and brother of Jacob Frey; was born in Germany in 1826; 
 came with his brother Jacob to Milwaukee in 1848, and to Fond du Lac in 1849; has always been 
 been a partner in business, so that the history of one's business is a history of the other's also ; in 1859, he 
 married Miss Mary Schafer, of Fond du Lac, by whom he has three children — Charles, Julia and Johanna. 
 Messrs. J. & C. Frey are now the oldest German residents in the city of Fond du Lac, the few who came 
 prior to them bavins died or moved away. 
 
 RUDOLPH FRITZ KE, Principal of German Lutheran School ; was born in Prussia Oct. 
 7, 1849 ; came to America in 1867 and settled at Milwaukee, Wis. ; he was educated at Du Page Semi- 
 nary, Addison, 111., where he entered in 1871 and graduated in 1873, soon after which he began teaching 
 in the Lutheran school at Fond du Lac, and after his first year's work, he was made Principal of the 
 school, which position he has since held. In 1874, he married Miss Emma Luseberg, of Addison, whose • 
 acquaintance he formed while there at school ; they have three children — Julia, Emma and Rosa. 
 
 JACOB C. FUHRMAN, superintendent of J. C. Huber & Co.'s drug-mill ; was born in the 
 town of Calumet, Fond du Lac Co., April 11, 1851 ; son of Jacob and Kate Fuhrman, now residents of 
 that town ; Mr. F. was raised on a farm ; served an apprentice.ship at wagon-making in Calumet Village ; 
 worked at that trade three years ; went to California in 1870 ; returned after six months to Missouri, 
 where he worked one year at his trade ; removed then to Woodville, Calumet Co., where he worked one 
 year at his trade, and two years at farming ; in 1874, he sold out and came to Fond du Lac, where he has 
 since been engaged in the medicine-manufacturing business, associated with J. C. Huber ; Mr. F. is one 
 of the proprietors and Superintendent of the drug-mill. He was married at Fond du Lac April 15, 
 1879, to Clara L. Bischoff ; she was born in the city of Fond du Lac Aug. 22, 1856. He is a Turner 
 and a member of Economical Lodge, K. of H. 
 
 JOHN F. M. 4irAERTNER, overseer of the County Poor and Insane Asylum ; was born in 
 the province of Rhine in 1831 ; emigrated to America with his parents, John and Barbara Gaertner, 
 reaching the town of Byron, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., Aug. 12, 1847, where he followed farming for about 
 fourteen years, whence, in 1861, he removed to the city of Fond du Lac, where he was in the employ of 
 J. & C. Frey, brewers, from 18C2 till 1868, after which, for one year, he was interested in the grain 
 trade with Mr. Louis Rupp, of that city ; he next was in the saloon business till September, 1877 ; Jan. 
 1, 1879, he was installed overseer of the County Poor and Insane Asylum, by the County Board, which 
 office he has efficiently filled. . In January, 1855, he was married to Miss Helena, daughter of Mathias 
 and Mary Schmidt, of the town of Lamartine ; they have five children — Maggie, Mary, Bertha, Dina 
 and Annie. .Mr. Gaertner and family are members of the Catholic Church. 
 
 CHARLES NELSON GALL AND, carpenter and traveling salesman ; was born in the 
 town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., Deo. 25, 1857 ; a son of William and Mary Galland, who 
 
FOND DTJ LAC. 807 
 
 came to Wisconsin in the fall of 1841, and who are still living on Sec. 2, town of Fond du Lac ; at the 
 age of 14, Charles N. be<;an learning the carpenter's trade, which he has ever since followed, working 
 winters in the McDonald Manufacturing Co.'s shops, and traveling summers selling and setting up their 
 machines. 
 
 CHARLFiS ALFRED GALLOWAY, lumber manufacturer ; was born near Lowville, 
 Lewis Co., N. Y., in April, 1S35; came to Fond du Lie in 18G3, where he very soon after enlisted in the 
 3yth W. V. I. ; on his return from the army, he was employed in the lumber business with his brother, 
 Edwin H. Galloway, now deceased, with whom he continued a few years before entering the same business 
 for himself, which he still follows on an extensive scale, being a member of the firm of Moore & Gallo- 
 way. Mr. Galloway has served as Alderman, Mayor, member of the Board of Supervisors, and, March 
 4, 1880, was appointed by President Hayes United States Collector of Revenue for the Third Wisconsin 
 District. He was married at Sergeant's Bluffs, Iowa, in November, 1870, to.Emma A. Kennedy; they 
 have one child, born in September, 1871. 
 
 JAMES trAYNOR, luuibermm ; was born in Canada in 1830, and lived there till 1855, 
 when he went to Janesville and lived one year; in 185l!, he came t) Fond du Lac ; began the lumber 
 business, rafting from Oshkosh to Fond du Lac, which he continued till 1874, since which time, he has 
 been operating in lumber over on the Chippewa and it.s tributaries, where he has 7,000 acres of pine 
 land, shipping from three to five million feet annually down the Mississippi River. Mr. Gaynor has a 
 one-acre lot on Sheboygan street which is covered by a growth of the natural forest trees, making one of 
 the nicest lots for a dwelling in the city of Fond du Lac. He was a member of the City Council from 
 the Second Ward in 1875. Married Miss Mary Doherity, of Fond du Lac, in 1872 ; they have three 
 children — Terresa, Stella and Edward J., all of whom, with their parents, are members of St. Patrick's 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 AUtwUST GEISLER, proprietor of meat market; was born in Germany in the year 18.30 ; 
 he followed farming there until 1855, then came to America and began the butcher trade in Milwaukee, 
 whence he came to Fond du Lac in 1871. In 1855, he married Miss Ernestina Bericle, of Germany, by 
 whom he has three children — Edward, Paulina (deceased), Amelia. He and family are members of the 
 Lutheran Church. 
 
 HE\RY J. GERPHEIDE,attorney at law; he was born at Manitowoc, Wis., May 5, 1853; 
 from 1871 to 1873, he was a student at the State Normal School at Oshkosh ; he then entered upon the 
 study of law with the firm of H. G. & W. J. Turner, of Manitowoc, and continued in their ofiScc until 
 early in the year 1875; after spending a short time in xVppleton, he came to Fond du Lac, locating here 
 in March, 1875; May 7, of the same year, he was admitted to the bar, and has continued the practice of 
 his professionin the city ever since. In October, 1878, he married Eleanor P. Perkins, daughter of Hon. George 
 Perkins, present County Judge of Fond du Lac Co.; she was born at Brandon, in this county ; they have 
 one sou — George H. 
 
 JOEL B. Cw ERMO IV D, watchmaker ; he was born at Pleasant Valley, near Poughkeepsie, 
 N. Y., Dec. 15, 1818; in 1839, he removed to Savannah, Ga., where he lived two years; lived one year 
 in Philadelphia ; twenty-three years in New York City ; removed to Chicago in 1865, and to Fond du 
 Lac in 1872. Mr. G. began the business of watchmaking in 1833, and has worked at it ever since. He 
 was married in New York City, April 12, 1849, to Pernielia Hunt, born in that city March 23, 1828 ; 
 they have four children — Irving Hunt, Joel Arnous, Harry Johnson and Myra Jane. 
 
 GEORGE GIDOIi\GS, of the firm of Do Groat & Giddings ; is a native of Wisconsin, and 
 was born in 1S52 ; lived at Sheboygan till 14 years of age, when, with his parents, he came to Fond du 
 Lac ; was educated in the public scliools of Sheboygan and FimdduLac; followed farming till 1872; 
 from 1872 to 1875, he worked in a flouring-mill with his father ; in 1876, became a partner of Mr. De Groat, 
 in the firm of De Groat & Giddings, manufacturers of engines, mill machinery, etc. In 1878, he married 
 Miss Hattie Belle Hunter, daughter of George Hunter, of Fond du Lac; she is a member of the Episco- 
 pal Church. Mr. Giddings has been a K. of P. since 1878. 
 
 STATHAIV C. GIFFIX ; was born Oct. 18, 1833, at Hamilton, a small village seven 
 miles south of the city of Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.; he is the oldest son of Nathan Ford 
 Giffin, and a lineal descendant of Simon Gllfin, who, about the year 1761, was a prominent citizen of 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia; his s;randfather, David Giffin, was a native of Bennington, Vt., who, in 1800, at 
 the age of 34 years, settled in St. Liwrence Co., N. Y., on a farm in the town of Oswegatchie, six miles 
 above Ogdensburg, where he resided for forty years ; he was a captain during the war of 1812. Nathan 
 Ford, his fourth son, in 1830, at the age of 25 years, located in Hamilton, where he still resides, having, 
 
808 BIOGRAPHICAL SICETCHES: 
 
 by his untiring energy and strict business habits, secured a competeacy for his old age ; he has one daugh- 
 ter, his firstborn, who resides in Nebraska, and his six living sons (one died at the age of 16 years) are all 
 married and well settled in life ; two are lawyers, one a physician, one a merchant, one a teacher and one 
 is a farmer. Dr. L. W. Giffin, the youngest of the family, is a resident of this State and at present 
 located at Menasha. Nathan C. Giffin, the subject of this sketch, was educated at tlie Gouverneur Wes- 
 leyan Seminary, N. Y., and Union College, of Schenectady, N. Y., at which latter institution he graduated 
 in 1859, and at once went to New York City to finish his law studies ; he was admitted to the bar in 
 1800 ; during the Thirty-Seventh Congress, he was Clerk of one of the United States Senate Committees. 
 In 1862, he was married to Miss Jane C. Eddy, daughter of Zephaniah Eddy, a prominent farmer of the 
 town of Philadelphia, N. Y.; in 1863, he came to Fond du Lac with his wife and infant daughter, (where 
 he has since resided"), and opened a law office; he has held several prominent positions here; has been 
 a member of the Board of Education, Chairman of the First Ward, President of the Common Council, 
 for five years. City Attorney, and for four and one-half years County Judge, and is at present 
 one of the Directors of the Public Library, which is maintained by the city of Food du Lac. He 
 has four children, three daughters and one son. He, his wife and three daughters, are members of the 
 M.E. Church, of which he is one of the Trustees. Judge Giffin is at present practicing law in the city 
 of Fond du Lac, and 0. T. Williams, a graduate of Lawrence University and a promising young lawyer, 
 is his partner. Mrs. Giffin is well known throughout the county, and is noted for her benevolence and 
 zeal in every good cause. 
 
 iJOHX W. (jrlljli, roadmaster of the Sheboygan & Foud du Lac Railroad ; was born in County 
 Mayo, Ireland, June 24, 1838; came to America in 1849 ; resided in Syracuse, N. Y., until he came to 
 Fond du Lac, in November, 1856 ; Mr. Gill has been in the employ of the Chicago & North- Western 
 Railway Co. about twenty years, spending four years in their employ in Michigan. He was married at 
 Neenah, Wis., to Catherine Mongan, June G, 1864, a native of County Roscommon, Ireland ; they have 
 five children — Mary A., Ellen M., William J., Catherine and John C. Mr. Gill has served several terms 
 as Alderman ; been member of the County Board, and for many years President of the St. Patrick's 
 Benevolent Societ}'. 
 
 COIi. Bf. S. GIIjSOX, attorney at law; was born at Middlefield, Geauga Co., Ohio; he came 
 to Wisconsin in 1860 ; in September, 1861, he enlisted at West Bend, in Co. D, 12th W. V. I.; he entered 
 the service as a private, and was jiromoted to be Sergeant of his company, then as Sergeant Major of his 
 regiment ; during a portion of the year 1862, his regiment was doing duty in Missouri and Kansas; in 
 June of that year, they joined the Army of the Tennessee at Columbus, Kentucky; a portion of the time 
 he was with the Army of the Cumberland on detached duty ; in August, 1863, he was promoted to the 
 first lieutenancy of Company H, 58th Regiment U. S. Colored Infantry ; he participated in the siege of 
 Vicksburg, siege of Jackson, battle of Perryville, and other engagements ; he served as Judge Advocate 
 of the District of Natchez, on the staff of Maj. Gen. Davidson, and in 1865-66 was Judge Advocate of 
 the Department of Mississippi, on the stafi' of Maj. Gen. Osterhaus, and also on the staif of Maj. Gen. 
 Thomas J. Wood; he was mustered out of the service as Lieutenant Colonel June 12, 1866, and was 
 brevetted Colonel of U. S. Volunteers by the President. After leaving the army, Mr. Gilson spent a year 
 at the Albany (N. Y.) Law School, graduating in 1867; in 1868, he began the practice of his profession 
 in the city of Fond du Lac ; since that time Col. Gilson has served one term as City Attorney of Fond du 
 Lac, and one term as District Attorney of Fond du Lac County ; he is now practicing law as a member of 
 the firm of Gilson & Ware, at Fond du Lac. 
 
 L.OIJIS GOIjI>STUCKER, Justice of the Peace ; born in the kingdom of Hanover, in 
 January, 1S19; came to America in October, 1849; came to Fond du ijac in April, 1853; elected Justice 
 of the Peace first in 1857. 
 
 THOMAS GOlKirH, groceryman; was born in Ireland in 1833, where ho lived on a farm till 
 1852, when with parents he moved to Quebec, where he remained for three and one-half years; he came 
 to Fond du Lac in the year 1856 and began clerking in a hardware store for R. Deacon, with whom he 
 remained for one year; he then clerked in different stores in the city of Pond du Lac till 1863, when he 
 entered the store of E. H. Jones & Bro., for whom he clerked eight and one-half years-, leaving them in 
 1871 he started a grocery store of his own, which business he has since continued. He married Miss 
 Katie Kelly, of Elba Township, Dodge Co., Wis., in 1870, who died in June, 1872, leaving three chil- 
 dren, whose names are as follows : Mary, John T. and Katie; Mary and John T. are now living, but Katie, 
 the youngest, lived only about two weeks after the death of her mother. Mr. Gough married Miss Sarah 
 Ford, of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in 1876, by whom he has one child — Annie. Mr. Gough and 
 all his family are members of the Catholic Church. 
 
FOND DU LAC. 80& 
 
 JOHIV E. (irOlTLiD, farmer; was born in Monmouthshire, Wales, in 1821. In April, 1846, 
 he with his parents — John and Margaret Gould — set sail for America, and landed in New York June 8, 
 following ; they stopped for one year at Minersville, Penn., where he engaged in coal mining ; thence to 
 Clinton, Ohio ; thence, in 1849, to Fond du Lac Co., and followed farming in the town of Eldorado till 
 180.5. He then disposed of that farm and bought his present home of ninety-eight and one-half acres in 
 Section 4, town of Fond du Lac, of which he sold nineteen and one-half acres, leaving him seventy-eight 
 acres, valued at about $80 per acre. He married Miss Isabella Kendall of Eldorado, in 1861 ; they have 
 had three children — George, Charles (deceased), Martha. His wife is a member of (he Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 WENDEIi CJRAUS, proprietor of saloon ; was born in Prussia in 1821; immigrated to 
 America in 1845; landing at New York, he went to Pennsylvania; thence to Ohio, and there was 
 employed as a molder in a foundry for about sis years ; leaving Ohio in 1856, he spent most of that year 
 in traveHng through Illinois, Iowa, down the Mississippi to St. Louis and back to Cincinnati, Ohio ; 
 thence he emigrated to California, where he remained till 1861. He then returned to New York, and 
 there set sail for Europe, where he visited Hamburg, Heidelberg, Baden, Ludwick, Paris and Southampton, 
 and various other places of interest. He set sail from Southampton, and reached America again in 1863, 
 and settled in Pond du Lac, where he soon began his present business. Married Miss Eva Halk, daugh- 
 ter of Michael Halk of Germany ; they have four children as follows : Louisa, August (deceased), George 
 (deceased ), Joseph, now of New York. Mr. G. and family are members of St. Mary's Catholic Church. 
 Mr. Graus was a member of Common Council from Fourth Ward, for one term — 1869. 
 
 IjEROY graves is a native of Truxton, Cortland Co., N. Y., where he was born in 1830, 
 and lived till 15 years of age. He moved to Waukesha, Wis., and was engaged in the manufacture of 
 saleratus and pearl-ash for about two years ; moved to Rochester, Wis., and was with his father in same 
 business for about three years ; after which, he founded Gravesville, Calumet Co., and from which county 
 he was a member of the State Legislature in 1861. From Calumet Co., he moved to Kansas, and was 
 engaged in the horse and mule trade till 1866, when he began the dry-goods and grocery business at Fond 
 du Lac. In 1867, he was appointed Chairman of the Committee of Councilmen of Fifth Ward; in 1868, 
 was elected Chairman of the Board of Public Works, and has twice .since been elected Chairman of the 
 Council from the Sixth Ward. In 1878, he built a store at Coleman Station on Wisconsin Central Rail- 
 road, which burned Jan. 6, 1879, since which time he has been engaged in looking after lands along the 
 Weston & Lake Shore R. R. Married Miss Kate Baldwin of Lowell, Dodge Co., Wis., in 1848, who died 
 in 1866. In 1868, he married Miss Marietta Cumming of Pond du Lac, by whom he has had three 
 children — John L. and Edwin (now deceased), and Pearl H. Mr. Graves has been an active worker in 
 the Greenback party, and was one of the Delegates to the State Convention at Madison in 1876. 
 
 EDWIN C GRAY, physician and surgeon; was born at Norwich, Chenango Co., N. Y., in 
 April, 1838 ; studied medicine with his brother at Eaton, Madison Co., in the same State, where he began 
 practicing in 1862 ; it the fall of 1867, Dr. Gray came to Fond du Lac, where he has since resided, 
 engaged in the practice of his profession and in manufacturing. He is a member of the Masonic, Kniglit< 
 of Pythias and Knights of Honor Lodges, and is the State Medical Examiner of the last-named order. 
 
 JAMES T. CirREENE. abstracter and insurance agent; was born at Rochester, N. Y.; came 
 to Fond du Lac in 1847, which has since been his home; he was engaged in farming until 1863 ; in 1866, 
 he entered the Register's office as Deputy, where he remained until January, 1871, where he was 
 appointed Enrolling Clerk of the State Senate; Mr. G. then spent one year in Oregon; returned to Fond 
 du Lac, and in May, 1862, became a member of the firm of Laijib & Greene, which lasted until January, 
 1875; he was then Deputy Register one year, after which he engaged in his present business; recently 
 the firm became Greene & Newton ; Mr. Greene was City Assessor in 1878 ; City Comptroller since April, 
 1879 ; Superintendent of the Poor and City Purchasing Agent since February, 1880. 
 
 COL,. THOMAS H. OREEJV, architect; was born in East Greenwich, Kent Co., R. I., 
 April 2, 1828; reared in the town of North New Berlin, Chenango Co., N. Y.; on his 17th birthday, 
 started for Fond du Lac, which has since been his home, arriving here May 1, 1845 ; after serving three 
 years with Isaac Brown as carpenter, began contracting and building, his first contract being to build Fry's 
 first brewery ; in 1855, opened an office as architect, having done much of that kind of work previous to 
 that time. Col. G. enlisted April 17, 1861 for ninety days, in Co. I, 1st W. V. I.; commissioned First 
 Lieutenant April 23, 1861 ; at end of the ninety days, he re-organized the company for three years, and was 
 commissioned Captain of Co. K., Aug. 28, 1861 ; was with his regiment in all its principal engagements; 
 was shot through the neck at Perryville, July 8, 1862; wounded in left foot and forehead at Chicka- 
 mauga, September, 1863; promoted to Major July 1, 1864, having acted as Major and had virtual 
 
810 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 conamand of his regiment after first year's service as Captain; discharged Oct. 13, 1861; soon after 
 entered Gen. Geors^e H. Thomas' army, as Field Hospital Sutler, of the Army of the Cumberland, in 
 which he served to the close of the war ; he then speculated in oil during two years in Canada, returning 
 afterward to Fond du Lac and his profession. Col. G. was married at Fond du Lac, April 17, 1851, to 
 Sarah I., daughter of Selim Newton, who located in Fond du Lac Co. in 1814; they have three children 
 —Charles T., born Feb. 2, 1853; Lucy A., now Mrs. C. W. Morris, born Jan. 26, 1855; Dwight E., 
 born Dec. 21, 1860. The finest blocks, residences and public buildings in Fond du Lac, Waupun, Clinton' 
 Escanaba and other cities, were from designs by Col. Green ; in Fond du Lao, some of them are the 
 High School, residences of M. D. Moore and W. B. Brand, No. 5 engine house, Bartlett's market, Mur- 
 phy Block, La Belle wagon works, storehouse and many others. He served as Alderman of the First 
 Ward in 1856. 
 
 DJft. E. L. GJRIFFIIV, physician and surgeon; was born at HilLsboro, N. H., Sept. 21, 1821 ; 
 he was educated at Kimball Union Academy, of Meriden, N. H., and Dartmouth College; graduated at 
 Pittsfield, Mass., from the Berkshire Medical College, in 1849; he practiced medicine in New Hampshire 
 until 1855, when he came to Fond du Lac, where he has since resided and practiced his profession. Dr. 
 G. was one to take initiatory steps in forming the State Board of Health, of which he is Pre-iident ; he is 
 also a member of the Rock River Medical Society, and a prominent member of the Congregational Church. 
 He married Abby M. Mason, of Newburyport, Mass.; they have two daughters living and two dead; the 
 living ones are Abbie W., now Mrs. J. W. Bass, of Red Wing, Minn., and Susan M., residing with her 
 parents; the deceased were an infant and Helen T., who died Sept. 12, 1868, aged 15 years. 
 
 JOHiV Q. GRIFFITH, lumberman ; was born at Pike, N. Y., March 1, 1818 ; came to Fond 
 du Lac in 1850 and followed the transportation business between Fond du Lac and Sheboygan until 
 engaging in the manufacture of lumber in 1856; he operated the old Wilbor & Henry mill in 1859, and, 
 in 1860, purchased the Forest Street Mill, which he run until 1871, when he erected his present large 
 mill on West Division street; in 1866, his son. Carver N., was admitted to partnership, and, in 1870, 
 Wilbur A., another son, was also ajlmitted, the firm being since that time, J. Q. Griffith and sons. Car- 
 ver N. Griffith was born at Centreville, Allegany Co., N. Y., and Wilbur A., at Hume, in the same 
 county. The maiden name of the first Mrs. J. Q. Griffith, who was born in Vermont, and died in Jan- 
 uary, 1853. leaving four children, was Lucy Goss; the present Mrs. G. was Jennie M. Riddell, of Massa- 
 chusetts; the children are Carver N., VVilbur A., Albert G., Hattie S., now Mrs. J. C. Heitbahn, of 
 Fond du Lao, and Jennie (a daughter by the second Mrs. Griffith), now Mrs. Dr. Haueker of Oshkosh. 
 
 JOHN GKISSMANN, farmer. Sec. 21 ; was born in Germany in 1803 ; he learned the stone 
 and brick mason's trade, which he continued there till 1847, when he immigrated to America and settled 
 in Sheboygan Co., Wis., where he followed farming till 1876; he then bougiit his present farm of eighty- 
 six acres in Sec. 21. In 1847, he married Maggie Sittler, of Germany; they have six children — Her- 
 man, Annie, John, Jr., Charles, Augustus, Jennie. 
 
 S. S. (jrlJILE, veterinary surgeon; residence on Twelfth street; office and stable on Third 
 street; he was born in Batavia, N. Y., May 11, 1832 ; in his native city he learned the profession of 
 veterinary surgeon, and practiced there until 1853, in which year he came to Wisconsin, and practiced in 
 Brandon, Fond du Lac Co., until about 1865, when he commenced delivering a series of lectures on the 
 various diseases that the horse was heir to, and traveled over several of the Northwestern States and 
 Canada; in 1872, he located permanently in this city (Fond du Lac) and successfully followed the prac- 
 tice of his profession here since ; he has several tine blooded stock horses that are unequaled in the State. 
 Mr. Guile has been twice married; his first wife was Martha Jones; she died in Rochester, Wis.; his 
 present wife was Meta Paine ; has one child— Nellie, born in Fond du Lac Co., Wis. In politics, Mr. 
 Guile is a Democrat. In his profession he has an extensive practice, and has attaint-d a good reputation 
 as u thoroughly qualified surgeon. 
 
 REV. FATHER HAAS, ex-Custos of St. Joseph's of the Capuchin Order; is a native of 
 Switzerland ; born Nov. 25, 1826 ; he received his preparatory education at S.ilura and Lucerne and pur- 
 sued the higher studies of philosophy and physics, in the Lyceum at Lucerne, but completing that 
 part of his education in the Seminary of Resoul, France ; his theologicil studies were pursued in^ the 
 Universities of Freiburg, Tubingen and Munchen ; he was ordained to the Holy Order by Bishop Solz- 
 mann, of Basel, of Salura, Dec. 28, 1851 ; from the time of his ordination till 1856, he was assistant 
 priest of Sts. Peter and Paul's Church, Liesberg ; in 1856, he, in company with Rev. Father Bonaventura 
 Frey, came to America to establish the Capuchin Order ; they located at Kenosha for six months, and, 
 in the spring of 1857, returned to Europe to get the ecclesiastical approval of the establishment 
 of the Order "in America, and also to bring over seven brethren, with Antowine M. Gachet, the appointed 
 
^^^^^-^^ ^^^.^^ 
 
 '^^fc 
 
 ROSENDALE. 
 
 (PECIASEO.) 
 
FOND DU LAC. 813 
 
 Superior for the establishment of the Order in this country ; Dec. 2 was the day set for the investment of 
 himself, Father Bonaventura Frey and one layman with the habits of the Order, at Calvary, Fond du Lac 
 Co After the departure of Father Antowine M. Gachet, May 19, 1859, Father Haas was appointed 
 Superior of the institution of the Order ; with its growth, he became Guardian Commissary and Gustos 
 of the Province till October, 1879, having thus safely guided the Province through the first twenty years 
 of its life ; it now numbers three convents and five houses with Superiors. 
 
 LiOUIS F. HAAS, of the firm of McLean & Haas ; was born at Worms, on the Rhine 
 River, Nov. 3, 1843 ; came, with his parents, in 1848, to Poughkeepsie, N. Y ., ; three years later, came 
 to Milwaukee; two years later, removed to Humboldt; in 1857, removed to Kershena, Wis., where his 
 father, Frederick Haas, was Government farmer among the Indians until March, 18G1 ; he came then to 
 Fond du Lac, and began learning the blacksmith's trade in April of that year, which he has since 
 folhiwed, having been in business for himself since 1867. Mr. Haas was married at Fond du Lac, Nov. 
 3, 1870, to'Maggie Vaughan,born in New York State. He is a Turner, and has been Foreman and First 
 Assistant Chief Fire Marshal in the Fire Department. 
 
 J0H:K HABERKORN, merchant tailor; was born in Prussia Nov. 24, 1830, and came 
 from there direct to Fond du Lac in 1855, where he began work at his trade for others ; in 1866, he 
 began business for himself, which he has since continued. He was married at Fond du Lac April 19, 
 1856, to Johanna Hundt, a native of Prussia; they have ten children, seven sons and three daughters- 
 Charles, William, Hermina, Louis, Othelia, Gustav, Dora, Edward, Frank and Albert, all living at home 
 with their parents. His father and mother, John and Maria Haberkorn, live on Sec. 18, town of Ashford, 
 where they settled in 1854. Mrs. H.'s father and mother, Martin and Sophia Hundt, reside with Mr. 
 Haberkorn. 
 
 ERKEST H AEBf TZE, gardener and florist, on Linden street ; is a native of Germany ; born 
 in 1839; began his irade when 12 years of age, and followed it there for four years; in 1856, he set sail 
 for America, and landed in New York Dec. 24, and January following came to his mother at Fond du 
 Lac, who had preceded him three years ; in May, he went to Milwaukee, where he was in the employ of 
 Mr. Jacob Mahler, florist, till 1861 ; he then returned to Fond du Lac, and for one year was interested 
 in the sale of nursery stock ; in spring of 1862, he went to New York City, and worked as gardener on 
 Staten Island during that year ; returning to Fond du Lac in 1863, he purchased three and two-fifths 
 acres of land, and began the business of gardener and florist, with a capital of §4,000. In New York 
 City, in 1863, he married Miss Caroline Beck, daughter of John Beck, a shoemaker of Germany ; they 
 have had seven children — Charles, Edward, Robert, Lena, Ernest, Richard, and Otto (deceased). 
 
 REV. SARIN HALSE Y, Pastor of the Division Street M. E. Church, is a native of Elmira, 
 Steuben Co., N. Y., born in December, 1843 ; at the age of 12, he with his parents immigrated to Illinois, 
 where he attended public school for a while; then entered the seminary at Evansville, but completed his 
 theological studies at Evanston, 111. in 1870 ; in the following year, he was ordained Deacon at Milwaukee, 
 and two years after, at Whitewater, he was ordained Elder in the Methodist Episcopal Church ; his first 
 was that of Pleasant Prairie, in 1869 ; in 1870, he was assigned to the charge at Pensaukee, and in 1871, 
 to Waterford, and for the two years following at Union Grove; he was next at Waukeslia, 1875-76; 
 thence to Kenosha for two years, whence, by the Conference, in 1879, he was assigned to his present charge. 
 He was married to Miss Ella Ward, daughter of O. M. Ward, a farmer of Walker's Prairie, Kenosha Co.. 
 in 1871. They have one daughter, Ethel. Mr. H. has been a member of the I. 0. 0. F. for two years. 
 
 ALFRED K. HAMILTON, lumberman; was born at Lyme, Grafton Co., N. H. ; spent 
 two years at the West Point Military Academy ; came to Fond du Lac in 1863 ; followed the drug business 
 two years, and then began the manufacture of lumber, which he has since continued ; in 1868, he became a 
 member of the firm of I. K. & W. C. Hamilton & Co., which continued until 1871, when the firm became 
 Hamilton & Finley — A. K. Hamilton and W. S. Finley ; in May, 1879, Mr. F. retired from the firm, and 
 the mill and lumber business established in 1856 by I. K. & W. 0. Hamilton, are now carried on by A. K. 
 Hamilton ; Mr. H.'s mill, which is located at Luco, just outside of the city limits, has been in operation 
 for twenty-four consecutive seasons. 
 
 JOHN HAIVIILTON was born in the year 1812, near Newton Stewart, county of Tyrone, 
 Ireland, his father being a weaver by occupation, to which trade his son was early apprenticed ; his father 
 was John Hamilton, his mother Jane Meekin ; when 21 years of age, the subject of this sketch, with 
 his next younger brother, believing that free and generous America oflered greater inducements to young 
 men having their fortunes to carve and create by personal effort, than could be found within the crowded 
 limits of his native isle, bade good-by to the loved ones at home, and set sail on the 6th of May, 1833, in 
 the ordinary emigrant vessels of that day, for Quebec, where, after a stormy trip of forty-two days, they 
 
 CO 
 
814 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 landed with but very little money ; of course, there was no o)3portunity to work at his trade, but 
 with ready and willing hands he sought any etuployment which by the most diligent effort and closest economy 
 promised a livelihood ; his first permanent engagement was probably as a farm hand to one Deacon Swift, 
 to whom he engaged for six mouths at §5 per month ; more faithful service was never rendered, and the 
 most complete satisfaction given, but the " Deacon " cheated his employe out of every cent, and during 
 the remainder of John Hamilton's life, so strong was he — by his early experience — prejudiced against this 
 common church title, that it is probable the most unfavorable impressions always followed any name having 
 this prefix. The great object was to earn money to send back to his home to defray the expense of bring- 
 int; other members of- the fimily to America ; at the close of his six months' engagement, he had just one 
 shiiliog in money more than when he commenced, and earned in the following manner: After dark, at the 
 close of a long, hard day's work, a person stopping at his employer's house said to young Hamilton, who 
 was milkina; the cows, " Can you find me a boy who will carry a letter to Ferriburg (nine miles distant), 
 and bring me a reply beibre morning? I will give him a shilling." Hamilton replied that as -soon as the 
 chores were done he would find some one to carry it. On foot and alone he made the trip that night, and 
 earned the ofiered price. This, as before indicated, was the only pay he received for his first half-year's 
 labor in free America. But here was demonstrated the secret of John Hamilton's coming success. When 
 he left the Deacon's employ, he had evtry cent nf his shilling in his pocket. The earnings of the first few 
 years were all sent back to his home, to aid in the support of his invalid father, and in bringing over his 
 brothers and his sisters with their families. In this enterprise he was always joined bj his brother Henry, 
 who, like John, got his start by severe manual labor, rendered for a remarkably low price. The brothers 
 commenced and remained through life in business partnership. After three years, when they had saved 
 for themselves a few dollars casli in hand, they united their capital and embarked in business — the sale of 
 nice dress goods, silks, laces, fine linens, shawls, etc., goods in demand by the wealthier class of commnity, 
 and for which high prices and corresponding profits were readily received. They were both excellent 
 judges of the merchandise they handled, sold nothing but the best quality, bought and sold for cash, 
 gained and held the confidence of their patrons, and, in comparison with their earlier efforts, accumulated 
 rapidlv. When 31 years of age, John married Miss Mary A. Meekin, at Charlotte, Vt., while his 
 brother Henry, on the same day, hour and place, married her sister Kate. The wedding, in fact, was 
 appointed for Henry and his bride, the additional nuptials having the very briefest origin, love, courtship 
 and marriage all within twenty-four hours, and which, nevertheless, proved from thenceforth through life 
 a most pleasant and harmonious union. Though still in partnership, the brothers ceased merchandising, 
 and in an unostentatious way retired from active business of any kind, further than the purchase of securities 
 and loaning of their money. In 1851, they both, with their families, started westward, and finally located 
 at Fond du Lac, continuing the same business, and rapidly won and held the highest respect and esteem 
 of all with whom their business or social relations brought acquaintance. Financial prosperity rewarded 
 their efforts, not fast, but steadily and surely. Mr. Hamilton raised a family of three children — Henry M., 
 the oldest, now a banker at Mankato, Minn.; Kate, the only daushter, now the wife of C. K. Pier; 
 George T., the youngest, in the U. S. Army, now stationed at Fort Totten, Dakota Territory. The pres- 
 ent labor and land troubles in Ireland recall an incident characteristic of the man, and at the same time 
 explain the troubles referred to. While riding with his daughter along a country road, past a farm he 
 had recently purchased, having reached a point commanding a rich scene of fields, groves and streams, it 
 reminded him of some familiar spot of his younger days in the old country, and he remarked upon the fact, 
 but added, it was much nicer in Ireland with its groves all trimmed, its level roads and beautiful hedges. 
 ■' Then, father, if it was so much nicer, why did you leave there? " '' Ah ! Katie, your father stood no 
 chance of owning them there." As a husband, parent and neighbor, he ranked among the purest and best. 
 Although not a member, he was for years a regular attendant at the Presbyterian Church. In national 
 politics, he was always a Republican ; in local elections, his vote and voice were for the man he deemed best 
 fitted for the otfioe named. His social nature was most remarkable, his cup of happiness being apparently full 
 to overflow when at home surrounded by his family, or neighbors, and his discomfiture simply indescribable 
 when left alone. The influence of his kindness of speech and sterling integrity was felt and seen in a 
 thousand difterent ways. Borrowers preferred to borrow from him, at even a higher rate of interest than 
 their securities would readily command with banks or brokers. Lenders, those having a surplus of money, 
 urged that he take and keep it for them. The confidence of the people in John Hamilton's word was 
 simply unbounded and without limit. . His death occurred April IG, 1871, the result of a long and pain- 
 ful sickness, apparently having its origin in a simple indisposition, occasioned by an ordinary cold. His 
 widow resides with her daughter, surrounded by ample and merited comforts, not the least of which are six 
 grandchildren, while two others are in Minnesota. 
 
FOND DU LAC. 815 
 
 HENRY HAMIIjTOBf, tjapitalist ; was born in Ireland, thence he came to America in 1834, 
 settling first in Vermont; in 1849, he went to California and afterward to South America, returning and 
 locating in Fond du Lac in 1853. Mr. Hamilton has, since he came to Fond du Lac, been extensively 
 engaged in real-estate transactions and loaning money. He been a member of tlie County Board, but gives 
 no attention to politics. 
 
 IRENUS K. HAMIL.T01V, lumberman; was born Dec. 1, 1830, at Lyme, Grafton Co., N. 
 H.; came to Fond du Lac in the spring of 1855, where he was one of the leading citizens and lumber 
 manufacturers until May, 1877, when he removed to Chicago to attend to the large lumber interests of the 
 Hamilton & Merryman Co., of which he is President, in that city. Mr. Hamilton has held various 
 local offices in Fond du Lac, and was a member of the Legislature in 1869. He was married at 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., to Mary Louise Wacerbury, a native of New York City; they have four ' children — ■ 
 Amy (now the wife of R. J. Orby Hunter, a prominent attorney of Kansas City), Louise, Nathaniel W. 
 and Irenus K. 
 
 WOODMAN C. HAJULTON, lumberman and capitalist ; was born at Lyme, Grafton Co., 
 N. H., Feb. -2, 1S34 ; came to Fond du Lac in May, 1855, and at once engaged in the manufacture of 
 lumber ; in 1866, he began lumbering operations in Menomonee, Mich., which he has since continued on 
 an extensive scale ; in 1870, Mr. Hamilton transferred his lumbering interests to Chicago and Northern 
 Michigan. In 1873, he erected the Post Office Block, and the Grand Central Block in 1874. Mr. Hamil- 
 ton has held various offices — among them, President of the Board of Public Works ; President of the 
 Board of Education ; Alderman, and is now a member of the Prudential Committee of Ripon College. He 
 was married, Feb. 16, 1858, at Brooklyn, N. Y., to Mary Taylor Weed, who was born at Darien, Conn., 
 but who was reared in New York and Brooklyn ; they have had six children — William Irenus, Charles 
 Woodman, Stephen Dolson (died January, 1868, aged 4-1 years), Herbert Weed, Edgar Lockwood 
 and Arthur Little, all born in Fond du Lac. Mr. Hamilton gives his personal attention to every depart- 
 ment of his immense mining, real-estate and lumbering operations. 
 
 E. R. HAMMOND, was born in Massachusetts May 14, 1S53 ; his father, Edward 8. Ham- 
 mond, came to Fond du Lac twenty-three years ago. Mr. Hammond has been connected with the Fire 
 Department for some time, being now stationed at ^"Etna Engine House No. 5. He is a member of the 
 Firemen's Mutual Aid Society. 
 
 CHARLES A. HANDT, insurance agent; was born in Saxony, Dec. 7, 1824 ; came to Mil- 
 waukee June 28, 1849, located in Milwaukee, and, one year later, came to Fond du Lac, where he has 
 since resided. Mr. Handt was educated for an architect ; in Fond du Lae he was four years in the cigar 
 manufacturing business; then a house and sign painter; next a hotel proprietor; three years in the 
 Register's office, and, for eighteen years, has followed the insurance business. He was married at Fond 
 du Lac in March, 1853, to Wilhelmina Encking, born in Schleswig Holstein, Germany; they have had 
 four children — Charles R. (died May 28, 1879, aged 22 years and 6 montks) ; the living are Lena, Min- 
 nie C. and Louis C. Mr. Handt was three years City Clerk ; is a member of the Concordia Society and 
 I .0. O. F. Lodge. 
 
 P. H. HANNHjtAN, senior member of the firm of Kuioks & Hannigan, grocers, on the cor- 
 ner of Forest and Brook Streets; was born in Cleveland, Ohio, March 15, 1852 ; came to Dodge Co., 
 Wis., with his parents, when only 1 year and 6 months old ; settled at Horicon, whence they moved to 
 Burnett Junction in 1858 ; thence to Fond du Lac in 18(15 ; he first began in the shingle manufactory for 
 J. Q. Griffith & Sons, where he was foreman of the shingle department till 1870 ; he was next in the gro- 
 cery house of Branchaud & Branchaud, where he remained till a short time before his establislfment of 
 the firm of Kuicks & Hannigan in May, 1878. July 30, 1874, he married Miss Emma Odett, 'daughter 
 of George Odett, grocer, of Fond du Lac ; they have one daughter — Alice. They are members of St. 
 Patrick's Church. 
 
 H. S. HANSON, confectioner, was born in Lincolnshire, England, Sept. 25, 1829 ; came with 
 his parents at the age of 4 years to Hudson, Ohio ; removed to Beaver Dam, Wis., in 1856, and came 
 from there to Fond du Lac in 1870 ; Mr. Hanson has been in the mercantile business since he became 
 17 years of age, and has followed his present business seven years. He was married at Beaver Dam on 
 March 16, 1864, to Henrietta A. Price, born in Manchester, England, July 8, 1845 ; they have two chil- 
 dren — Edward H., born Feb. 13, 1865, and Albert R., born April 10, 1872 — and have lost one, a son, 
 who died in infancy. Mr. Hanson is a member of the orders of A. O. U. W. and I. 0. 0. F. Their infant 
 son who died was named Guy Stringer; he was born March 2, 1876, and died Sept. 3, 1876. 
 
816 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 MARK R. HARRIi^ON, artist, was born at Hovingham, Yorkshire, E]ngland, Sept. 7, ISllti 
 whence he was brought by his parents, Robert and Ann Balmore Harrison, to the village of Hampton, 
 Oneida Co., N. Y., when 3 3'ears of age ; at the age of 14 he went with the family to Hamilton, Canada ; 
 he studied for an artist under Bowerman, in Toronto, Kimble, in Rochester, and Innian, in New York 
 City, about five years, and then went to Europe, spending eighteen months in the Royal Academy under 
 the tuition of Charles Hilton ; after traveling for some time, Mr. Harrison returned to Toronto, lived 
 there two years, at Rochester one year, and then went to Hamilton, where he painted dioramas, which 
 were burned; Sept. IS, 1819, he located at Oshkosh, and engaged in shipbuilding, which was abandoned 
 when he came to Fond du Lac in 1852, where he has since resided; in 1813, Mr. Hai'rison painted the 
 " Death of Abel," which attracted much attention in this country and Europe : '' The Deluge," " Jephthah's 
 Rash Vow," " The Angel Delivering Peter from Prison," "Indian Summer," and " Peter Listening to the 
 Cock Crowing," are some of Mr. Harrison's paintings which have gone to England at high figures ; other 
 paintings have gone to Paris, Boston, New York, the British Museum, Chicago, Indianapolis and other 
 cities ; Mr. Harrison painted four pictures from Longfellow's " Hiawatha," and photographs of them by 
 Chadbourne having been sent to the poet, he replied as follows, referring also to " Gathering for the War- 
 path," a strong picture of an actual scene before the Custer massacre : 
 
 Cambridoe, February 2, 1880. 
 
 My Deae Sir — I have had the pleasure of receiving your letter, and the photographs you have had the kind- 
 ness to send me have arrived safely. I hasten to thank you for them, and say how much I like them. 
 
 I cannot enter into any detail of criticism, but, in my judgment, your strong point is the landscape, and the 
 Indian faces, which are very characteristic. 
 
 I should like to know if Sitting Bull, Rain-iu-the-Face, and Crazy Horse are portraits or only fancy heads. It 
 is a striking picture in which tliey appear. 
 
 Please accept my thanks for this mark of your consideration, and the compliment you pay me in illustrating 
 " Hiawatha," and believe me, with best wishes for your success, * 
 
 Vours, very truly, Henrt W. Lo.ngfellow. 
 
 Among Mr. Harrison's other noted works are " Cleopatra's Triumph," " Castle Caiion," " Sunset on 
 the Coast of Labrador," " The Haunted Lake," " Morning in the Elk Mountains," " Cromwell's Charge 
 at Marston Moor," and various paintings of Western scenery. Although past 60, Mr. Harrison still makes 
 daily use of his brush. 
 
 li. J. HARVKY, retired; is a native of Suffolk, England; born in 1809, and is the son of Joseph 
 and Lydia Harvey ; he early learned the nursery trade, and in the spring of 1830, he, with a friend, set sail lor 
 America, landing in New York in June of that year ; after traveling over much of the country, from New 
 York to Albany and Buffalo, and not being pleased with it, they concluded to return to New York and 
 apply for passage to England ; they did so, and after reaching New York, and delivering some messages 
 to friends there, they applied for passage, but were told that they would have to wait about a fortnight, 
 as the ships on the line to London sailed only on alternate Wednesdays ; during the time they were wait- 
 ing for passage, Mr. Harvey found employment in a nursery at Brooklyn for three days, July 1, 2 and 3 ; 
 the 1th being Sunday, his friend came to see him at his hotel, and was murdered without any provocation by an 
 Irishman ; Mr. Harvey was boXind by the authorities to appear at the trial of the murderer, and was thus 
 detained ; on account of the feeling in New York at that time, and the desire to keep all rumors of murder 
 from European countries, for fear of retarding immigration, Mr. Hardy was detained till the fall of 1831 
 before being able to return ; Feb. 29, 1832, he landed again in New York, and, on March 2, he began 
 work with Mr. Hoirg, at what is now known as the Botanic Gardens, where he continued for two years; 
 in 1831, he went to Newark, N. J., where, in one house for twenty-seven years, he conducted a nursery 
 business, and, at the end of that time, left it to his oldest son, who continued in the same for nine years 
 more; in 1853, he came to Fond du Lac Co., and bought several hundred acres of land in the towns of 
 Eden and Fond du Lac ; he left a man, whom he had brousrht with him, to take charge of and superin- 
 tend his land; Mr. Harvey returned to Newark, where he spent most of his time until 1861, occasionally 
 coming out to look after his land in this county ; during the first year of the war, Mr. Harvey moved his 
 family to his land in the town of Eden, Fond du Lac Co., where they resided until 1861, when they 
 returned to Newark ; in 1870, he moved to Richmond, Va., and started a nursery for his son, which he 
 himself managed or looked after until 1876, when he again came to Fond du Lac, and lived in the city 
 until October, 1878; he then purchased eight acres of land in Sees. 21, 15 and 17, known as the John 
 McDonald Place. Jan. I, 1832, he married Miss Sarah A., daughter of John and Elizabeth Jones, of 
 Suffolk, England, who died at Fond du Lac in I87I, leaving three children — Jacob J. (now of Richmond, 
 Va.'), Anna V. (now Mrs. Adams, of Fond du Lac), and Henry (of Lincoln, Neb.). Nov. 22, 1876, he 
 married Mrs. Ruth R. Brown, widow of Capt. Brown, and second daughter of Edward Pier, the second 
 
FOND DU LAC. 817 
 
 white settler of Fond du Lac, she beinc;- the first baby in Fond du Lac, having been born at Green Bay 
 and brought here when only four weeks old ; she had two children, a son and a daughter — Edward Pier 
 Brown and Hattie A. Brown, the latter of whom is a member of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 CHARLES W. HAISKIiLiIj, dealer in boots and shoes, 458 Main street; was born in 
 Cornwall, Addison Co., Vt., where he received a commercial education and the advantage of a position in 
 his father's store; when a youth, he went to Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y., and became connected 
 with the extensive boot and shoe manufactory of Haskell & Lamb, afterward the Greenwich Bo.ot and 
 Shoe Co., with which concern he remained eight years ; then, after spending a year with Weed, Haskell 
 & Co., of Troy, N. Y., he was in the employ of the North Bennington (Vt.) Boot and Shoe Co. for two 
 years; hi.s connection with the best factories enabled Mr. H. to become familiar with all the different 
 grades of goods placed upon the market ; after severing his connection with these factories, Mr. Haskell 
 engaged in business for himself, representing seven of the leading factories of the East, whose goods he 
 sold extensively to the merchants of the Northwest; in 1874, he came to Fond du Lac and engaged in 
 the boot and shoe business, at .520 Main street, and, in 1876, removed to his present quarters, where he 
 has increased facilities for his extensive business ; having travel ed for and represented the leading manu- 
 factories for a long period of years, Mr. H. has the advantage of purchasing goods direct from the fac- 
 tories, thus enabling him to sell all classes of goods at the lowest prices. 
 
 CHARLiRS'IIASS was born in Sohoenrade, city of Friedberg, New Mark, Germany, March 
 27, 1855 ; came to Fond du Lac from Europe in 1874 ; worked for C. J. L. Meyer for some time; April 
 3, 1877, he opened a saloon, which he has since continued ; Mr. Hass is a member of the Sons of Her- 
 man, Turner Society and Sharp Shooters. He was married at Fond du Lac, Jan. G, 1878, to Miss Min- 
 nie Beatzer, born in Germany ; they have had one child, which died in infancy. 
 
 HEjVRY HASTINGS, son of Thomas and Eunice Clark Hastings ; was born in the town of 
 Amherst, Mass., May 1, 1818; removed to Oshkosh, Wis., in 1855 ; came to Fond du Lac in April, 1861 ; 
 ran the Empire Mills until December, 1861 ; carried on butchering business until 1866 ; sold agricult- 
 ural implements and ran a nursery two years ; in 1868, carried on butchering business in Negaunee, 
 Mich., and from fall of 1869, engaged in mining operations in Utah ; worked one year in the car-shops at 
 Fond du Lac ; in 1872, helped form the firm of Sabin, Bushnell & Hastings, owning the wheel and seeder 
 shops ; spent four years in these shops and on the road ; then manufactured tinware one year; in Decem- 
 ber, 1877, began the coal business and shipping produce and meats to the Lake Superior country ; he still 
 is a Director of the Wheel and Seeder Co. Mr. H. was married first at Amherst, Mass., June 2, 1840, 
 to Sarah C. Poraeroy ; she was born at Hadley, Mass., July 9, 1819, and died at Amherst, Sept. 21, 
 1849, leaving three children, two of whom are living — Harriet E., now Mrs. Geo. A. Badger, of Minne- 
 apolis, and Thomas H., residing at Amherst; Emily P., died Dec. 5, 1845. He was married a second 
 time, at Springfield, Mass., June 10, 1851, to Mrs. Esther A. Dickinson, born in Amherst, Jan. 17, 1817; 
 they have three children — Cora B. (now Mrs. C. E. Plumb, of Oshkosh), George F. and Charles L. Mr. 
 Hastings has been an Alderman two terms. 
 
 COIj. ORIN hatch, retired farmer ; is a native of Duanesburg, Schenectady Co., N. Y. ; 
 born May 15, 1807; enlisted in Light Infantry, 188th Regiment, 14th Brigade, 14th Division of the 
 New York State Militia; was soon elected Sergeant in his company, and thence gradually promoted till he 
 became Colonel of his regiment in 1828 ; in 1834, was elected Assessor of the town of Florida, N. V., 
 which office he held for two years; in 1843, was appointed Superintendent of the Poor in Montgomery 
 Co., by the County Board ; was appointed Superintendent of Sec. 3 of the Erie Canal, by the Canal 
 Board, in 1846, serving in that capacity till 1848, when he resigned to take charge of a firm he had pur- 
 chased in Schoharie Co.; leaving the farm in 1849, he moved to Sharon Springs, N. Y.; bought forty acres 
 of land and laid it out in town lots ; in 1851, he moved to Cherry Valley, Otsego Co., N. Y., and engaged 
 in the hotel business for about two years, after which, in 1853, he returned to the homestead in Sche- 
 nectady Co.; thence in 1854, to Wisconsin, and settled in Fond du Lac Co. on a farm, where he followed 
 agricultural pursuits till 1871 ; was elected member of the County Board of Fond du Lac Co. for three 
 terms; was appointed United States Assessor for the Fourth District of Wisconsin in 1861, by President 
 Lincoln ; removed by President Johnson and re-appointed by President Grant in 1872 ; was a member of 
 City Council, from Eighth Ward, in 1876; was elected Mayor of city in 1878. In 1830, he married 
 Miss Mariah Howe, daughter of Judge Reuben Howe, of Montgomery Co., N. Y., who died in 1840, 
 leaving one son, Reuben, who died at the age of 18. In 1841, he married Mi,ss Emily A. Braman, 
 daughter of Dr. Joseph Braman, of Duane.sburg, Schenectady Co., N. Y., by whom he has had five chil- 
 dren — Delos, farmer ; Marvin, of 1st W. V. L, diedl863 ; Eugene, farmer, near Jefferson, Wis. ; Louis 
 (deceased at 14 years), Julia A. Col. H. owns 700 acres, mostly in Fond du Lac Co., aside fr.im town 
 lots, of which he has four lots and two houses. The Colonel is a prominent Greenbacker politically. 
 
818 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JONATHAN A. HAZARD was born at Binghamton, N. Y., and came to Fond du Lac 
 
 in 1868, where he began the real-estate business; four years hiler he added the fire and life insurance 
 business, which he continued until 1878; dealing in real estate he has continued up to the present time ; 
 Mr. Hazard lived in Broome Co., N. Y., except one year in Steuben Co., until he moved to Wisconsin in 
 1868. He married at Windsor, N. Y., Dec. 1, 1857, Miss Achsa A. Blatchley; they have two children 
 — Vesta J. and Willie J. Mr. H. is a member of the Division Street M. E. Church; has been Alder- 
 man of the Fourth Ward, and a member of the City or Ward Committee ever since he arrived in Fond 
 du Lao. 
 
 MOTHER MARY AGNES HAZATTE, the first elected Sister Superior of St. Agnes' 
 Convent, of Fund du Lac; is a daughter of Christopher and Mary Hazatte, natives of Loraine, France, 
 but emigrants to Buffalo, N. Y. ,in 1846, where Mother Mary Agnes was born, May 7, 1847; not long 
 after her birth, her parents removed to Detroit, Michigan, where they both died ; her mother in 1853 
 and her father in six years after; at 5 years of age, she entered the school of the Sisters of Notre Dame, 
 and continued there until about 12 years old, after which for two years she attended the school of the 
 Sisters of "Sacred Heart" at Detroit; in 1863, she went to Barton, Washington Co., Wis., where her 
 church had established a small community, and there continued her studies till 1865, when she was elected 
 Superior of the Convent: was re-elected in 1868, and in 1870, removed the community to Fond du Lac, 
 and has since been twice re-elected. Such is a brief sketch of the life-history of one, who, though 
 deprived of her parents early in life, has ever kept in view the reward of a life of charity and Christian 
 virtues; though motherless, she (possessing those maternal qualities) has been a kind mother to all 
 connected with the convent. 
 
 JOHN HEATH, of the firm of B. Wild & Co.; was born at Over Cheshire, England, June 
 13, 1847 ; came to America to Mineral Point, Wis., where he remained one month, and then to Fond du 
 Lac, his present home, in 1867; during his entire residence here, he has been connected with B. Wild's 
 steam bakery, and, since 1872, has been one of its proprietors. Mr. H. has served as Alderman two terms 
 and is in the sameoiBce now; is also a member of the Royal Arcanum, Knights of Honor and Royal 
 Templars of Temperance. He was married at Fond du Lac. June 8, 1869, to Sarah J., daughter of B. 
 Wild; she was horn in Crewe, England; they have one child living, William Henry, born in December, 
 1871, and have lost an infant son. 
 
 WILIilAlI A. HEATHCOTE, architect and practical builder for C. J. L. Meyer; is a 
 native of Kotherham, Yorkshire, England; born in May 17, 1829; he began his studies in his native 
 country, but came to America in 1848, and completed them with Fields & Correager, of New York City, 
 in 1850; in 1853, he immigrated to Fond du Lao, where he has since continued his trade; his first work 
 in P^ond du Lac was the drag store for O. S. Wright, after which he was interested in and architect for sev- 
 eral large buildings in the city and surrounding country and neighboring towns; among them, St. Patrick's 
 Catholic Church, of Fond du Lac, the O.shkosh Court House, High School building at Waupun ; the 
 First Grammar School, of Fond du Lac; High School building at Plymouth, Wis.; Gas Works build- 
 ing, of Fond du Lac ; the machine-shops and foundry for Mr. Meyer's factory ; among the residences, 
 Mrs. E. H. Galloway's, McDonald's, Mr. Meyer's and others; in 1864, he raised a recruit force of eighty 
 men, and was appointed to take charge and superintend the construction of transfer barracks at Nashville. 
 Teun., under Capt. Irvin. He was married to Miss Jane M. Wherrcy, daughter of William Wherrey, 
 farmer, of West Farmers, Westchester Co., N. Y.. May 14, 1850; the children are xMargiret J., now Mrs. 
 Alson Cole, of Vesper, Wood Co., Wis.; Mary A., now Mrs. R. G. Turner, machinist of Fond du Lac ; 
 Addie V,, Susie, Henry, Sarah, Guy, Gracie (deceased). The family are members of the Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
 THOMAS HENNING, carpenter, contractor and builder ; was born in Devonshire, Eng., 
 Jan. 6, 1832; came to Hamiltou, Canada, in 1833, where he resided three years; removed to Ancaster' 
 one year; then on a farm at Port Dover until 1852; in May of that year, removed to Aurora, Kane 
 Co., 111., where he lived four years; returned to Canada for three years ; in October, 1859, removed to 
 Dixon, 111., whence, in October, 1866, he came to Fond du Lac. He was married at Aurora, 111., April 
 9, 1855, to Sarah Melissa Smith, a native of West Stockbridge, Mass. ; they have two children living — 
 Charles W. and John N. — and lost an infant scm at Dixon, 111, 
 
 ROBERT FITZ HENRY, confectioner and fruit-dealer; born in New York April 20; 
 1853; when he was only 2 years of age he was brought to Fond du Lac by his parents at the age of 9. 
 years he was employed in the shops of the Chicago & North-Western R. R. Co., where he remained until 
 the fall of 1876 ; Jan. 20, 1878, Mr. Fitz Henry engagtd in his present business. Dec. 26, 1876, he was 
 married to Katie Corcoran ; .she was born in the city of Fond du Lac; they have had two children — one 
 •son died Aug. 29, 1878, aged 9 months ; they have a son named Georgie, he was born July 6, 1879. 
 
FOND DU LAC. 819 
 
 THOJIAS S. HENRY was born at Cherry Valley, Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1812, and moved 
 to Erie Co., in that State, in 1832, whore he resided until he moved to Fond du Lac, in 1849 ; he, with 
 others, built the first circular-saw mill in Pond du Lao; has been engaged in lumbering and milling under 
 the firm name of T. S. Henry & Co. ever since he came to Wisconsin ; in 18(J6, he begun the manufact- 
 ure of flour in the Galloway Mills, which he has continued ever since ; he has also been engaged in the grocery 
 and foundry business, the former being an adjunct of his lumbering operations. Mr. H. was married in 
 Erie Co., N. Y., to Misr? Lucinda Howard, a native of Paris, in that State ; they have three children — C. 
 S.. deorie A. and Prank W. Mr. H. has been Alderman one term and City Treasurer one year. 
 
 CHARXiE^^ HETH, retired; was born at Ticonderoga, Essex Co., N. Y., removed when a 
 youth to Silver Creek, Chautauqua Co.. in that State, where he lived, engaging in the hotel business the 
 last few years before coming to Pond du Lac Township, in 1857. and to Fond du Lac City, which has 
 since been his home, in 1859. Mr. Heth's business in Fond du Lac was that of dealing in hay and grain, 
 which he carried on extensively until 1879, when he retired. He was married, at Silver Creek, N. Y., in 
 August, 1843, to Vilutia Buxton, a native of Brockville, Genesee (Jo., N. Y., who died Oct. 11, 1879, 
 leaving two children — Mary M., now Mrs. Henry W. Durand, and Emma A. ; they lost two children — 
 Louie and Allie, aged S and 9 years respectively. 
 
 a. W. HINES, dealer in agricultural implements; born at Aurelius, Cayuga Co., N. Y., Sept. 
 9, 1838 ; when he w?s only about 9 years of age, his father, James Hines, came with his family to Wau- 
 kesha Co., Wis. In August, 18G2, the subject of this sketch enlisted in Co. E, 24th W. V. I. ; served 
 until June 22, 18G5, having been in the service two years and ten months ; he was in the battles of Perry- 
 ville, Chickamauga, Murfreesboro, etc. In February, 1873, he came to Pond du Lac, and has been 
 extensively engaged in selling farm machinery ever since. 
 
 JOSEPH W. HIXUR, attorney at law ; was born at Fond du Lac Sept. 12, 1854, where he 
 has since resided ; he was educated at the State University, at Madison, from which he graduated in 1876; 
 the next year he began reading law with Coleman & Spence, and was admitted to the bar in the spring of 
 1879. Mr. H. is now a member of the law firm of Spence & Hiner ; a member of the Board of Edu- 
 cation, and Secretary of the Public Library Association. 
 
 WILLIAM H. Hi::V'ER, retired; was born in Bedford Co., Penn., Dec. 16, 1821, and is 
 the son of William and Elizabeth Hiner; when about 7 years old, with his parents, he removed to Wayne 
 Co., Ohio, where he received his earlier education in the common and select schools; in 1840, he began 
 teaching in the common schools of Wayne Co., and, a year later, secured a position in the select schools 
 of that county, where he continued the profession for one and one-half years ; in 1845, he removed to 
 Madison, Ohio, where, for the next five years, he was engaged in the drug business, and, at the same time, 
 pursued the study of medicine; he came to Pond du Lac in 1850, and continued the drug trade for four 
 years, after which he turned his attention to lumbering for five years ; in 1863, he established the iron 
 foundry in this city, and continued that business till 1878. He was eleeted County Treasurer by the 
 Cimnty Board in 1854 to fill a vacancy; was twice Mayor of the city ; was elected a member of the Wis- 
 consin Senate in 1871, and re-elected in 1873 and 1875 ; was President pro tem. of the Senate during the 
 session of 1877. In 1850, he was married to Sarah Fisher, who died in 1868, leaving one son — Joseph 
 W., who is a graduate of the State University, and is now an attorney of this city. He was married to 
 Mrs. Mary L. Jenney ( nee Fish) in 1870 ; she having two daughters prior to her second marriage ; they are 
 Mary C. and Frances L. Mrs. Hiner is a member of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 'REV. PHILIPP HOELZEL, Pastor of the German Lutheran Church ; was born in Ger- 
 many in 1854 ; he received his preparatory education at the High School of Hanover, Germany, entering 
 in 1869, and remaining till his graduation in 1871 ; he then entered the Theological College of Steeden, 
 Germany, where he graduated with the class of 1872; after his graduation in 1872 he left his native 
 country to continue his studies in American colleges, Deginning with the Lutheran Concordia College of 
 St. Louis, Mo., at which he graduated with the class of 1875 ; he then attended Concordia Theological 
 Seminary at Springfield, 111., from 1875 to his graduation there in 1876 ; in September, 1876, he was 
 ordained to the holy ministry at Great Bend, Kan., and immediately began his ministerial work at that 
 place in connection with six other charges in the State of Kansas. In 1877, he received a call from the 
 church at Pond du Lac, to assist his brother, who was the regular Pastor, but whose health failing, was 
 unable to attend to all the duties of his church. After the death of his bi-othcr, which occurred in the 
 winter, he was chosen regular Pastor of the church in February, 1878. Nov. 17, 1878, he married Miss 
 Eloise Wambsuanss, daughter of the liev. Mr. Wambsganss, of Sheboygan Co., Wis. 
 
 ETHIEL HOMISTON, farmer, Sees. 30, 15 and 17 ; is a .son of Jere and Mary Homiston, 
 of Berkshire Co., Mass., born Aug. 26,1812; his father being a blacksmith as well as a farmer, Ethiel 
 
820 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 learned the trade, and worked with his father till 21 years of age, when he formed a copartnership with 
 another man, and continued for five years. In 1838, he bought in that county and followed farming there 
 till 1843, when he disposed of his land, and immigrated to Wisconsin, settling in Milwaukee Co. for one 
 year. He was making arrangements to visit this part of the country, when his father and brother unex- 
 pectedly came out from New York. He, with his father, started to look at the country round Oshkosh, 
 with a view to locating, but stopping at a tavern for the night, they met Dr. Darling, by whom they were 
 induced to locate near Fond du Lao. After selecting an eighty-acre tract for each, they returned for their 
 families — he to Milwaukee Co., and his father to New York. Ethiel reached his new home as soon as 
 arrangements were made for a habitation, but his father and fiimily did not get in till early the following 
 year, 1845, coming via Sheboygan, where he met them with ox teams, requiring five days and nights to 
 make the trip there and return, during which time they slept without shelter each night. He built a log 
 shanty, which served them for a house for the next five years ; the prairie hens and gophers being so 
 troublesome that he was compelled to build a barn to protect his grain from them ; often were they com- 
 pelled to grind their wheat in a coffee-mill, and crack their corn in a burr-oak mortar in order to have bread 
 of any kind for their families. He married Miss Almira, daughter of Uriah and Ellen Woodruff, of 
 Spencer, Tioga Co., N. Y., Jan. 12, 1837 ; they have one son — Aurelius, who married Miss Amanda, 
 daughter of Col. Isaac Tompkins, of Pond du Lac, who died Oct. 18, 1863, leaving two daughters — 
 Emma and Lydia. May 16, 18G6, he married Miss Clara B. Tompkins, sister of his first wife; they have 
 two children — Gracie and J. Mansfield. They are members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 FRANK B. HOSKINS, born in Chenango Co., N. Y.; came to Fond du Lac in December, 
 1850, with his father, D. Everett Haskins, now deceased ; after leaving school, he entered the First 
 National Bank, of Fond du Lac, after which, during 1869 and 1870, he was Secretary of the La Belle 
 Wagon Works ; during five years thereafter, he was in the hardware business with the late Chapin Hall, 
 as a member of the firm of Hall & Hoskins. Mr. Hoskins was elected Register of Deeds of Fond du 
 Lac Co., on the Democratic ticket, in November, 1878, taking the ofiice in January, 1879 ; he has also 
 been three years a member of the Beard of Education of the city of Fond du Lac, and two years Alder- 
 man and Supervisor for the First Ward. 
 
 CHARLES^ HOTALINliJ, engineer for the Mihills Manufacturing Co.; was born in Buffalo, 
 N. Y., in 1838, and is the son of Peter and Harriet ( Buckbee) Hotaling, natives of New York also; his 
 father came to Fond du Lac in 1842, and that year, by the aid of the Brothertown Indians, built the 
 first steamboat (Manchester) that ever navigated Lake Winnebago, of which he was proprietor and Cap- 
 tain for fifteen years; he died in 1857 ; in 1845, his wife and two .sons (one having come out with his 
 fatherj joined him in his Western home ; Charles began as a cabin-boy on the boat when quite young, and 
 continued navigation till 1865 ; he was Captain of the " Fountain City" for the last year, and had been 
 her pilot for five years before ; he then began engineering, which he has since followed ; he now lives 
 with his mother, on Scott street, and she is 70 years old. 
 
 ALEXASfDER HOUSTOIV, farmer; is a native of Ayrshire, Scotland; born in 1822; 
 his birthplace being witiiin two miles of that of Robert Burns; his parents. Alexander and Jane Hous- 
 ton, gave him an education in the parish .schools of that country, after which he devoted his attention to 
 farming there till 1848, whence he set sail for America and landed in New York, in June of that year ; 
 he stopped on Long Island, then removed to Buflalo, N. Y., where he worked at masonry for about four 
 years; thence, in 1852, he came to Fond du Lac, and there continued his trade for ten years; in 1862, 
 he purchased a farm of 115 acres in Sec. 19, town of Fond du Lac, where he has since devoted his time 
 and attention to farming. He was married to Miss Annie, daughter of Thomas Miller, a wheelwright, 
 and Bettie Martin, of Dundee, Scotland, in 1848; they have seven children — Thomas, Alexander, 
 Robert, Mary (now Mrs. J. Asher, of Michigan), John, David and James. Mr. H. and wife are mem- 
 bers of the Congregational Church. 
 
 J. C HIJBER, druggist, is a native of Switzerl.ind ; came to New York in 1847, with his father 
 ( Jos. Huber), being then about 7 years of age ; resided in New York until 1849, when he moved to Taychee- 
 dah and to Fond du Lac in 1855, remaining two years ; in 1861, returned to Fond du Lac, where he has since 
 re.sided ; he was employed as a clerk until June, 1864, when he began business for himself; in 1868, Mr. 
 H. began running a drug, medicine and herb mill, which has several times been enlarged, and is now doing 
 a thriving business. Mr. Huber is prominently connected with the Congregational Church, the County 
 Bible Society, and other orders and associations. 
 
 SAIllIEL HOTALING, engineer, was born in Buffalo, N. Y., Nov. 20, 1842 ; when 1 year 
 old, was brought by his parents, Peter and Harriet Hotaling, to Mineral Point, Wis., in 1843; came to 
 Fond du Lac, which has since been his home, in 1846, enlisted, Aug. 14, 1862, in Co. A, 21st W. V. I ; 
 
FOND DU LAC. 821 
 
 was in all the battles engaged in by his regiment ; mustered out in June, 1865; was employed before 
 entering the army and ever since as engineer for various mills; during the last seven years he has been 
 engineer in the Galloway Mills. He was married, in Fond du Lac, Oct. 28, 1866, to Amelia Gardner, 
 born near Ogdensburg, N. Y.; they have one child — Charles, born Jan. 4 1868; and have lost two — 
 Belle, aged 2i years, and Samuel, aged 4 years and 3 months. 
 
 PROF. C. A. HUTCHINS, Principal of the High School and Superintendent of Schools 
 in the city of Fond du Lac, was born at Shelby, Orleans Co., N. Y., January 1, 1828; was taken by his 
 parents to Adrian, Mich., in 1831, where he grew to manhood ; Prof. H. was educated at the Norwalk 
 ( Ohio ) Academy, and pursued his studies, before and after, under his brother at the academy at home ; 
 in 1852, he emigrated to Sharon, Walworth Co., Wis., where he engaged in farming until 1858, after 
 which, for three years, he taught Latin and Greek at Wayland University ; for two years, he was in 
 charge of the public schools at Janesville ; had charge of the schools ^at Ionia, Mich., four years, those at 
 Baraboo, Wis., one year, and thereafter was two years County Superintendent of Schools, coming to Fond 
 du Lac in 1873, where he has since been Principal of the High School and Superintendent of the City 
 Schools ; Prof. H. has been President of the Public Library since its organization, and has done a great 
 deal of work for it; he is also Church Clerk of the First Baptist Church, of which he is a member. He 
 was married at Fairfield, Ohio, Nov. 1, 1853, to Mary E., daughter of Rev. Samuel Wadsworth ; they 
 have three daughters-:-Julia A., Sarah and Hattie. 
 
 PROP. C. M. miTCHINS, musician, was born at Lisbon, N. H., July 29, 1838 ; came to 
 Fox Lake, Wis, in November, 1845, where he resided on a farm twenty years; removed to Waupun, 
 where he lived until 1873, and thence came to Fond du Lac; Prof H. has followed teaching instru- 
 mental music twelve years, in which time he has organized a great many bands, and taken part in a great 
 number of concerts and musical conventions in various parts of the country. He was married at Fond du 
 Lac, January 10, 1877, to Annette Morse, a native of Waupun, Wis.; they have one child; Prof. H. has 
 three children by a former marriage. His father is dead, and his mother resides with him at Fond 
 du Lac. 
 
 S. MARTIX IXCJALLS, farmer, Sec. 26; a native of Essex Co., N. Y.; born in 1834, and 
 is the son of a firmer; was educated in the district schools of his native county ; in 1855, he came West, 
 and for a few months traveled through La Salle Co., 111., in tue interest of a publishing house, after which 
 he came to Tremont, Dodge Co., Wis., where he was employed by Mr. U. D. Mihills in his saw-mill at 
 that place ; in 1856, he removed to Ripon, Fond du Lac Co., and for about seven years followed the car- 
 penter and joiner's trade, whence, in 1863, he removed to his father in-law, Mr. John Brown's farm, a 
 short distance west of the city of Fond du Lac, where he followed farming for about three years ; he 
 bought his present place of eighty acres in Sec. 26, town of Fond du Lao, in 1866, then an unimproved 
 farm. He was married to Miss Cynthia, daughter of John and Mercy Brown, of Fond du Lac, in Feb- 
 ruary, 1861 ; they have four children — Elmer B., Edith M., Fred M. and Willard. 
 
 E. B. INGRAM, farmer ; is a native of Hampshire Co., Mass., where he was born in 1823 ; 
 he was there engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods till 1848, at which time he emigrated to Wis- 
 consin, and settled on a farm at Fond du Lac, where he followed agricultural pur-suits for about five years; 
 in 1853, he returned to Worcester Co., Mass., and engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods for nearly 
 six years ; disposing of his interest in that business in 1869, he came again to Pond du Lac, where he has 
 since engaged in farming. In 1856, he married Miss Nancy Shepard, daughter of Samuel Shepard, black- 
 smith, of Barre, Mass.; they have five children — Fred A., Emily E., Frank, Edith and Eugene. Mr. 
 Ingram and fimily are liberal in their religious viev^s. 
 
 AIiKXAXDER A. JARVIS, carpenter; was born in Canada, of French parents, Nov. 30, 
 1834; came to Jefferson Co., Wis., in 1843; went to Menasha in 1865, and came to Fond du Lao in the 
 spring of 1867; Mr. Jarvis learned the carpenter's trade, which he has since followed, when 18 years of 
 age. He was married at Watertown, Wis., Jan. 20, 1861, to Elizabeth Blair, born in Rochester, N. Y.; 
 they have five children living — Walter, George, Angeline, Mary Elizabeth and an infant son, and have 
 lost two infant children. 
 
 EDWARI> JOIVES, ticket clerk of the North- Western Railway at Fond du Lac; is a native 
 of that city ; born in July, 1857 ; was educated in the public schools of Fond du Lac ; in 1873. he became 
 freight receiver and biller for the road, and July 25, 1877, was promoted to the position of ticket clerk ; 
 has been a Mason since 1878; is also a Knight of Pythias. 
 
 HIRAM E. JOHIVi^OIV, retired farmer ; was born in Addison Co., Vt„ Aug. 7, 1818; is 
 the son of Jonathan Johnson and Susan Burwell, natives of New Jersey ; his grandfather was an early emi- 
 grant to America, and took part in the struggle for American Independence ; Hiram is the son of a 
 
822 BIOGRAPHKWL SIvETCHES: 
 
 farmer, hence was brout^ht up at honest toil, and has since tried to follow out the Divine injunction. '' Go 
 till the soil." When about 14 years of ai^e, he removed to Nia>j;ara Co., N. Y., where he lived till 1847 ; 
 leaving then, the old Empire State, he soui^ht a home in the wilds of Wisconsin ; sailing from Buffalo, he 
 came via Sheboygan to iMilwaukee, thence on foot via Watertovvn to Fond du Lac, where he stopped over 
 Sunday with Edward Pier; he soon entered 320 acres of land in Sec. 10, town of Empire, and 160 acres 
 in Sec. S, town of Forest; returning to Milwaukee, he exchanged his money for land office orders and 
 came again to Fond du Lie, bringing with him from near Waupun, some ox teams with which to break 
 his farm; having made some improvements ajid built a board shanty 13x12 feet. Oct. 14, 1848, 
 he married Miss Luci:nda, daughter of Grilderoy and Rhoda McA.rthur, natives of Birdport, Addison 
 Co. Vt., she with her parents having come West on the same boat with Johnson, and, till the time of 
 marriage, had followed teaching in Vermont and Chicago; they at once removed to the board shanty, which 
 served them as a home till their new house, then under construction, was completed; when their oldest 
 ■daughter, Hattie, was about a year old, Mrs. Johnson made a visit to Chicago, and on her return, her 
 husband met her at Shebiygan, and on their way home, they met two huge bears, which, though harm- 
 less, gave Mrs. Johnson one of the worst frights she ever had; they lived there on the farm till about 
 1878, when he sold that and moved to the city of Pond du Lac, where he has since lived a more retired 
 life; they have had eight children — Hattie A., now the wife of Rev. William Fox, a Presbyterian minister 
 of Quincy, Mich.; Rhoda C. (deceased), Sadie A., now Mrs. Dr. George Dixon, of Sacramento, Cal.; Fred 
 A., farmer, of Sacramento Co., Cal.; Eva L., Lillie E., Willie E., Louisa D. Members of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church. 
 
 JOHW JUCKER, salesman in Meyer's lumber-yard on Western Avenue; was born in Ger- 
 many in 1850; came to America with parents in 185,'j, and settled at, Burlington, Wis., where he received 
 his early education ; in 1800, he began clerking in a dry-goods store at Burlington, where he remained till 
 1864. In May, 1864, he enlisted in Co. D, 39th W. V. L, and served till his term of service expired 
 Sept. 25, 1864, at Milwaukee; returning to Burlington, Wis., he reeolisted in Co. C, 48th W. V. I.; 
 served till March, 1866, when he was mustered out at Port Leavenworth, Kan.; he then came to Fond 
 du Lac, and was engaged in the lumber business with P. Sawyer &, Son till 1376, when he became sales- 
 man tor Mr. Meyer's in lumber-yard, where he has since been employed. 
 
 MARTIX F. KAEUIXG was born in Prussia Sept. 11, 1844; came from there to Pond 
 du Lac in July, 1862, where he engaged in wagon-making — his present business; from 1875 to 1878, 
 was in the furniture business ; sold lime and stone at Pond du Lac and Eden two summers ; entered the 
 La Belle Wagon Works in the fall of 1879, where he now is, and in which he had worked five years from 
 1870. Mr. Kaedinghas been Alderman three years, and a member of the County Board two years. He 
 was married at Fond du Lac March 2, 1 869, to Amelia Nast, born in Prussia ; they have five children — 
 Herman A., Louise W.; Emma L., Amelia E. and Martin W. Mr. K. is a member of the Lutheran 
 Church and of the Concordia Benevolent Association. 
 
 C. V. KAIiK, of the firm of Kalk & Kent, druggists ; born in Berlin, Germany; came to 
 America in the spring of 1848 ; located at Sheboygan, Wis., where he remained until he came to Pond 
 du Lao in September, 1849; commenced clerking in drusr store the month of his arrival here ; in 1857, 
 he entered into partnership with his former employer, D. R. Curran ; continued with him until 1866, 
 when he sold out to Mr. Curran, and formed a copartnership with William P. Kent, under the present 
 firm name, which has continued to the present time. This firm has done a wholesale and retail busness 
 since its existence, and is one of the leadin'j; drug houses of the State. Mr. Kalk has held various 
 important positions — Supervisor and Alderman several terms. Clerk of the Board of Supervisors, member 
 of the Board of Education, etc. He is esteemed as one of the most enterprising and public-spirited 
 citizens of the county. 
 
 WILLIAMS KABSTEXS, foreman second floor in C. J. L. Meyer's sash, door and blind 
 factory ; was born in Holstein, Germany in 1833; learned the carpenter and cabinet-maker's trade in his 
 native country; came to America in 1854, and settled in Michigan, where he worked in a saw-mill for 
 carpenter's trade ; in 1867, he moved to Davenport, Iowa., continued the carpenter's trade for three years, 
 eight months, whence he went to Sheboygan, Wis., where, for two and a half years, he followed the 
 from there he moved to Fond du Lac in 1860, and still continued the carpenter's trade till 1872, and 
 since that time has been employed by Mr. Meyer in sash, door and blind factory. In 1861, he married 
 Mij^s Annie Wilkins, daughter of Fred Wilkins, of Holstein, Germany ; they have three children, as 
 follow.s — Charles, Annie, and Willie. Mr. K. and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 FATHER JOSEPH J. KEEN AN, Priest of St. Joseph's Catholic Church ; is a 
 native of County Tyrone, Ireland, where he was born in 1845 ; his parents came to America, and located at 
 
rONl> DU LAC. 823 
 
 Pliiladelphia, when he was only 18 months old. In 1860, he entered the Milwaukee Seminary, where 
 he spent five years, preparatory to entering upon his theological studies, after which he attended the Chi- 
 cago University for one and a half years, and began his theological studies, whence he went to Mt. 
 St. Mary's, at Emmittsburg, Md., where he received his degrees with the Class of '69. After his gradu- 
 ation, he returned to Milwaukee, Wis., and continued liis theological studies under Archbishop Henni, by 
 whom he was ordained to the priesthood in 1870. His first charge was that of Portage City, Wis., with 
 five other missions, which he served for one year, when he was recalled to the Teacher's Seminary of 
 Milwaukee, as Professor of English Language and Mathematics for three years, when, at the request of 
 Bishop Heiss, of La Crosse, Wis., he went to Eau Claire, Wis., for a few months only, being recalled by 
 his own Bishop to the diocese of Milwaukee, and placed in charge of Oconomowoo for one year ; at the 
 expiration of the year, he was sent back as Procurator of the Seminary and Professor of Natural 
 Science, where he spent nearly two years ; in February, 1879, he received the appointment to St. Joseph's, 
 at Fond du Lac, to succeed Kev. Father G. L. Willard, who took his place at the Seminary. 
 
 A. A. KEIjIjY, attorney; born at Syracuse, N. Y., Nov. 4, 1848; he is a son of Anthony 
 Kelly, who came with his family to Osceola, Fond du Lac Co., in 1852 ; the subject of our sketch was 
 brought up on a farm, and attended the public schools of Osceola until 1872, when he came to Fond du 
 Lac and entered a commercial college; he commenced the study of law in April, 1873; after reading with 
 H. F. Rose, Hauser & Colman, and Judge Flint, he was admitted to the bar in November, 1875, and has 
 ensiaged in the practice of his profession ever since. His father is still a resident of Osceola. 
 
 '^ CHARLES DAVIS KENDALL., farmer; is a son of Nathan N. Kendall and Betsey L. 
 Stearns; Charles was born in liookingham, Vt., Jan. 28, 1813; his mother dying while he was quite 
 young, he went to live with a married sister in Roxbury, Washington Co., Vt., remaining with her for two 
 years ; he then returned to Rockingham and made? his home with his grandfather for about two years, after 
 which he went to Warren, Vt., and worked one summer at farm labor ; he then returned to his .sister, where 
 he made his home until 19 years of age ; from that time until he reached his 22d year, he followed farm 
 labor for the farmers in that vicinity. He then married Miss Malissa, daughter of William and Eunice 
 Blanchard, and in November. 1835, removed to Westfield, Orleans Co.. Vt., where he farmed for one 
 year ; thence to Northfield, Washington Co., for one year ; at the end of this time, he returned to Rox- 
 bury, and purchased a farm of 100 acres of timber, and in clearing up about twenty acres, he received a 
 severe injury from a log rolling over him while attempting to load it on a sled ; he remained on this farm 
 for about two years, and then took charge of his wife's grandfiither's farm for two years, after which he 
 moved to Brookfield, Orange Co., and rented a farm for two years. After these various changes, he 
 returned to Roxbury, from whence, in September, 1847, he came to Fond du Lac Co,, Wis,, where he soon 
 preempted 120 acres of Jand and built a log house, which, with nearly everything they had, was 
 burned the following Slay; Edward Pier, then living at Fond du Lac, allowed them to move to his farm, 
 where they lived for two years ; in the fall of 1848, he built what was long known as the "Two-Mile ' 
 House," of which he was proprietor for eight years, during which time he kept the county poor for one 
 year; in 1856, he sold this hotel, and built a house on the military road, where he owned a farm of forty 
 acres; remaining here only a short time, he removed to Brandon, Wis., where he kept hotel for one year; 
 the purchaser of the Two-Mile House failing to make his payments, Mr. Kendall was compelled to take it 
 back ; he kept this as proprietor for some time, then bought his present place, built a house and removed 
 thither in 1868, and has since made it his home; in 1873, while finishing a house for his daughter in 
 Civsco, Howard Co., Iowa, the scaffold fell with him, and injured his ankle so as to cause his foot to be 
 amputated, since which time he has led a more quiet and retired life. His wife bore him seven children at 
 six births, as follows : Eunice A., born Aug. 23, 1836, now Mrs. Alexander Stimpson,of Cresco, Iowa — she 
 has now five children, the last two being twins ; Jehial,born June 27, 1837, deceased ; Alden P., who enlisted 
 in Daniel's cavalry in October, 1862, and was wounded the morning after reaching Arkansas, three bullets 
 having struck him — his mother nursed him through his sickness at Memphis. Tenn., after which he 
 was discharged, and, returning home, regained his health, enlisted in the 20th W. V. I., was pla'^ed in 
 charge of the hospital at New Orleans, and died there with small-pox ; Albert, born Nov. 10, 1846 ; infant, 
 not named, deceased ; Arabella and Isabella, twins — Arabella, now Mrs. Miles, of Waupun, has five 
 children, two of whom are twins ; this family had three pair of twins — the mother and two daughters. 
 
 CHAKLES M. KENDAEIj, commercial traveler; was born at Martinsburg, N. Y., Nov. 
 19, 1842; came with his parents, Curtis N. and Maria M. Briggs Kendall, in 1843, to where Twelfth, 
 street crosses the river in Fond du Lac, and engaged in farming during the day and shoemaking nights ; 
 C. M. Kendall attended District No. 2 School and Fond du Lac Academy; clerked in a bakery; worked 
 in a hotel at Brandon ; spent three months on a farm in Rock Co.; learned the printer's trade at Beaver 
 
824 BTOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Dam in 1861, and in August, 1862, enlisted in Co. K., 29th W. V. I. ; he participated in the battles of 
 Grand Gulf, Port Gibson, where he received three flesh-wounds, and Champion Hills, where he had his leg 
 broken and received four other bullet wounds, disabling him from field duty; after a furlough of thirty 
 days in 1863, he went on duty as Ward Master of the hospital at Memphis for two months, and then, till 
 mustered out in May, 1865, was acting Steward and Commissary of the hospital. He returned to Fond 
 du Lac and carried on the jiainting business until 1877, when he became a commercial traveler. He was 
 married at Fond du Lac to Jennie A. Oliver, Nov. 13, 1867 ; she was born in Byron, Fond du Lac Co. 
 
 EDWARD KENT, son of Alban and Walburge Kent, was born at Erie, Penn., Feb. 26, 
 1843 ; came to Sheboj'gan, Wis., in 1844; to Fond du Lac at the age of 18, where he engaged one year 
 with Drummond Brothers, dry-goods merchants ; one year with C. J. Pettibone ; eight years with H. 
 Woodworth ; in the boot and shoe trade one year, as a member of the firm of Barber & Kent; three years 
 with C. W. Seaver; two years with Haskill, and with Liiughlin & Carey, dry-goods merchant, since Janu- 
 ary, 1878. He was married at Fond du Lac July, 24, 186(), to Martha Jane Clark, who was born in Fond 
 du Lac, the daughter of Alexander H. and Hannah Simmons Clark ; they have two children — Nellie 
 Eloise, born Janl" 24, 1869, and Mallory Alban, born Sept. 22, 1872. 
 
 JOHN E. KENT, attorney; was born at Beloit, Wis., July 8, 1850, where he resided five or 
 six years, since which time he has resided in Janesville, Chicago and Rockford, until coming to Fond du 
 Lac in 1875. He was educated at Beloit College and Chicago University ; read law with J. B. Cas.soday, 
 at Janesville, and also studied with lawyers in Chicago. In August, 1879, Mr. Kent became a member of 
 the law firm of Colman, Carter & Kent. He was admitted to the Supreme Court of Illinois at Mount 
 Vernon, in June, 1875. 
 
 IVILLIAjVI F. KENT, of the firm of Kalk & Kent, druggists; was born at Erie, Penn.; 
 came to Sheboygan in 1843, and to Fond du Lac in 1854, where he clerked two years in the grocery busi- 
 ness; two year's in a confectionery store, and, in 1859, began clerking for the drug firm of Curran & Kalk. 
 In 1866, the firm of Kalk & Kent was formed, which has been continuously in the drug business ever since, 
 doing a wholesale and retail trade. 
 
 JOHN B. KILiEIPP, engineer ; is a native of Burlington, Vt.; born in 1808 ; followed 
 engineering on Lake Champlain till 1855, when he came to Fond du Lac and began engineering for But- 
 ler & Mitchell in a saw-mill, which he continued with them till 1857 ; then with Wilber, Herman & Lewis 
 till 1859 ; from 1859 to 1862 for Bissell & Co.; then with Crane & Moore for one year; in 1863, he 
 began running the engine in II. D. Mihills' sash, door and blind manufactory, and remained there till 1870; 
 kept flour and feed store from 1870 to 1871, when he went to Winneconne, Winnebago Co., for eight 
 years; in 1879, returned to Fond du Lac, and has since been running the engine in Mr. Meyer's saw-mill. 
 He married Miss Lucy J. Gaud, of Middlebury, Vt., in 1830, who died Jan. 26, 18G0, leaving seven 
 children, as follows — George (now deceased), Lucretia (now Mrs. Robinson, of F'ond du Lac), William, 
 Lutia (now Mrs. Bonnell, of Fond du Lac), Richmond (deceased), Henry and Elmira. Mr. Killipp is a 
 member of the I. 0. O. F. Fraternity. 
 
 JOSEPH KINCiJ-, ice-dealer, was born in Lower Canada, Sept. 8, 1815, whence he removed to 
 Green Bay, Wis., in 1834 ; in 1837, he engaged in the mercantile business at the Belmont lead mines, 
 which he left in July, 1838, and came to Sec. 22, town of Fond du Lac, having visited the spot and pur- 
 chased the land in 1836 ; Mr. King made two trips to Fond du Lac in 1836, " took up " his land in June 
 of that year, on which he lived ten years, and then moved into the city which has since been his home, 
 though he carries on his farm and generally spends the summers upon it ; he has carried on the ice busi- 
 ness in Fond du Lac for twenty-three years, and has also been engaged in passenger staging and teaming. 
 He was married at Fond du Lac, in June, 1839, to Mrs. Dianthe May, who died May 28, 1861, leaving 
 three children — Harry May, who died in the army; Lucy Ann, now Mrs. A. W. Chapman, of Fond du 
 Lac, and Frank, who was a member of Bragg's Rifles, and shot at the battle of Gettysburg; Mr. King 
 was married a second time, Oct. 5, 1863, to Mrs. Alice Tuff", daughter of Benjamin T. Midgeley, who had 
 three children by her former husband — Frank G., Georgiana and Mary — -who are now living. 
 
 J II DUE A. KIN YON, President of the Fond du Lac, Amboy & Peoria Railway Co., is a native 
 of Cayuga Co., N. Y., where he was born in 1818; in 1837, he removed to La Salle Co., 111., where he 
 was engaged in contracting and building for about thirteen years ; in 1850, he removed to California, where 
 he continued the builder's profession for two years in the cities of Sacramento and San Francisco ; he was 
 next employed for one year in filling a contract for work on what was then known as the South Fork 
 Canal ; in 1853, he returned to Auiboy, Lee Co., 111., where he was engaged in contracting for the Illinois 
 Central Railroad Co., during 1864 and 1865; for the next three years he practiced law in that county, 
 and, iu 1868, ho was elected a member of the State Legislature from the county, and filled the office with 
 
FOND DU LAC. 825 
 
 such credit to himself and satisfaction to his friends that he was returned a third time to that body ; fail- 
 ing health while in the Legislature compelled him to quit the practice of law, and seek some outdoor 
 employment; in 1872, he built the Chicago & Rock Kiver Railroad from Shabbona, De Kalb Co., to 
 Sterling, Whiteside Co., 111.; in 1874, he organized the Fond du Lac, Amboy & Peoria Railway Co., of 
 which Jhe has since been President. Such is a brief sketch of the career of one who has through life 
 been actively engasjed ia public enterprises of various kinds. 
 
 ISAAC KliOCK (deceased), was the son of John and Nancy Klock, of Montgomery Co., N. Y.; 
 born in 1812 ; he was educated in the district schools of his native county, and after he grew to manhood 
 cliose his father's avocation — that of an honest farmer ; in 1839, he removed to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 
 whence, in 18.55, he immigrated to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on a farm of 100 acres, three miles 
 southeast of the city of Fond du Lac, where he followed farming till about 1873, when he traded his farm 
 for the old Soper grist-mill and 8 acres of land, this being the first mill built in the neighborhood and the 
 second one in the county; he continued as proprietor of this mill till his death, June 9, 1876. He mar- 
 ried Miss Laranay N., daughter of John and Nancy Nellis, of Montgomery Co., N. Y.; they have nine- 
 teen children, as follows: ' John I., Ira (decea.sed), Delos, Nancy (now Mr.s. C. Raymond, of Appleton, 
 Iowa), Robert (deceased). Christian, August (deceased), George, Joseph, Elizabeth (deceased), Lucinda 
 (Mrs. John E. Parks), Zilpha (late Mrs. George T. Hamilton, deceased). Amy (Mrs. C. E. Baldwin), 
 Arvilla (Mrs. William E. Hughes, of Chicago, 111.) and Purley P., of Fond du Lac, who is now proprie- 
 tor of the mill in his father's stead, and who was married to Miss Allie S., daughter of William E. and 
 Elizabeth Davis, of Fond du Lac, May 13, 1879 ; there were four other children, who died in infancy. Mr. 
 Klock was a member of the Masonic Fraternity for a number of years before his death, and he and his wife 
 were members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 Cjt. a. KXAPP, Treasurer of the Fond du Lac Savings Bank, came to Fond du Lac in 1868, 
 and engaged in the hardware business with Farnsworth & Knapp, first as book- keeper; he continued in 
 the hardware business until 1874, and has been Treasurer of the Savings Bank since Jan. 1, 1878. 
 
 W. A. KXAPl*, Secretary and Treasurer of the Fond du Lac Harrow Company; he was born 
 in Westmoreland, Oneida Co., N. Y., April 30, 1821 ; removed to Green Bay, Wis., in 1837; resided 
 there eleven years, then went to Oshkosh, where he remained until he came to Fond du Lac in 1866 ; 
 while at Green Bay he was in the hardware business with his brother; after 1841, he was a partner with 
 him ; at Oshkosh he was engaged in general merchandising for about three years ; for a number of years 
 he carried on steamboat business, and for a period of eight years prior to coming to Fond du Lac, he was 
 engaged in farming; after coming here he was extensively engaged in the hardware trade until 1874; after- 
 ward, for two years, in insurance and real-estate business ; since then he has given his entire attention to 
 his manufacturing interests. March 26, 1845, he married Luoinda A. Gilbert, at Green Bay; she was 
 born in Cortland Co., N. Y. ; they have had six children ; the living are Clarence A., Gaines A., Frank 
 A. and Minnie A. ; they have lost two daughters, Anah A., born Oct. 20, 1S50, died in Fond du Lac, 
 Nov. 8, 1871 — at the time of her death she was the wife of C. W. Powers; Katie A., was born Jan. 16, 
 1857, and died Jan. 8, 1858. Mr. and Mrs. Kuapp are members of the Congregational Church. 
 
 a. A. KRETLOW, Chief of Police, was born in Prussia Aug. 23, 1843, and came to Mil- 
 waukee in 1856, where be resided until coming to Fond du Lac in 1866 ; from 1866 to 1873, Jlr. K. 
 was engaged in the manufiicture of tobacco ; in 1874, was chosen Chief of Police, and has occupied that 
 position continuously since. He was married to Pauline Quandt May 22, 1866 ; they have five children — 
 Martha, Carl E., Albert Q., Paul G. and Alma. He is a member of the A., F. & A. M., I. 0. O. F., 
 Turner Society, and German-English Academy. 
 
 P. KRUMME, druggist and apothecary; was born at Caibe, on the river Saale, Prussia, Oct. 7, 
 1831 ; came to Freeport, 111., Dec. 25, 1854, where he resided until coming to Fond du Lac in 1866 : in 
 1861, recruited Co. C, and was commissioned Captain of it in December, 1861 ; promoted to Brevet Major 
 July 18, 1866; he resigned, on account of disability caused by typhoid fever, in April, 1862, after partic- 
 ipating in the battles of Fort Donelson and Pittsburg Landing ; 3Ir. K. has followed the drug business 
 since 1846. He married at Freeport, 111,, in 1858, Sophie Huellhorst, who died Dec. 4, 1863, leaving one 
 child, Sophie, born Nov. 26, 1863. June 9, 1864, he was married to Theresa Wolff, who was born at 
 Schoeneburg, Alsace, Aug. 14, 1844; they have two children — Simon A,, born April 10, 1865, at Free- 
 port, and Frederick Otto, born Sept, 7, 1876, at Fond du Lac. Air, K, is an Odd Fellow and Mason, 
 Druid, and member of the German-Engli.sh Academy. 
 
 CJUSTAV KUElVSfE, watchmaker, jeweler, engraver and practical optician ; born in Prussia 
 in 1825 ; came to America in 1849 ; first located in Milwaukee, where he resided two years ; he then 
 spent about nine months traveling in diff"erent States in this country, afterward was a resident of Chicago 
 
826 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 for six years ; came to Fond du Lac May 0, 1856 ; engaged in present business ever since he came here. 
 He was married at Grand llapids, Mich., Aug. 17, 1858, to Louisa Preusser; she was born in Prussia; 
 they have one child, Lena ; Mr. Kuenne learned the manufacturing jeweler's trade in Plurope, and the 
 trade of watclimaker in Milwaukee and Chicago. 
 
 H. P. Kl'ICKS, of the firm of Kuicks & Hannigan, grocers, was born in the city of Fond du Lac 
 in 1651 ; was educated in the public schools ;' began telegraphing with the N.-W. R. R. in 1867 ; from 1869 
 to 1872, he worked as machinist for Heiner, when he changed to the machine-shops of the N.-W. R. R.; 
 in May, 1878, he became a partner in the present firm. He married Miss Bettie Launstein, daughter of P. 
 Launstein, of Fond du L;ic, Oct. 4, 1878. They are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 JACOB KUiVZE, manufacturer, corner of Division and Sophia streets ; is a native of Prussia; 
 was born Aug. 14, 1828; in his native country he acquired a liberal education, and, in about 1847, emi- 
 grated to America and engaged to learn the carriage and wagon making trade at West Menden, Monroe 
 Co., N. Y. In 1856, he married, in Rochester, N. Y., Catharine Fee; immediately after they were mar- 
 ried, they came to Fond du Lac ; they have had four children, only one of whom is living — John J. Mr. 
 Kunze established his present business about twelve years ago, and manufactures carriages, buggies, spring 
 and lumber wagons ; he is a skilled mechanic, and employs the best workmen, therefore turns out a supe- 
 rior class of work, which is widely known for durability and neatness ; he possesses every facility for 
 attending to general repairing, and for supplying all who require anything in his line. 
 
 HOWARD MALCOM KUTCHIN, journalist; was born in Philadelphia, Penn., Nov. 
 4, 1842, where his father, the late Rev. T. T. Kutchiii, was a clergyman ; the family came to Wisconsin 
 in 1853, and soon after arriving in the State, settled at Fond du Lac; Mr. Kutchin never was given a 
 college instruction, but acquired a good education in the common schools which he attended ; at the age of 
 19, he entered a printing office at Ripon, with a view to becoming a journalist, and from that time until 
 1866, was connected in an editorial capacity with newspapers in Peoria, 111., St. Louis, Mo., Cairo, Ills., 
 Memphis, Tcnn., and St. Joseph, Mo.; from the latter city he removed to Fort Atkinson, Wis., where he 
 purchased the Herald, which he conducted until 1871 ; in that year, Mr. Kutchin went to California and 
 aided in founding a daily paper at San Diego, intending to make that State his home; but concluding not 
 to do so, returned to Wisconsin in September, 1871, and purchased an interest in the Fond du Lac Com- 
 monwealth (daily and weekly), with which he has since been connected as part or sole editor and proprietor. 
 Mr. Kutchin has taken an active part in politics, as a Republican, both local and general ; served as Chair- 
 man of the Republican County Committee in 1878 and 1879 ; was appointed State's Prison Director in 
 1878, for a term of six years; was a prominent candidate for Postmaster of Fond du Lac, in 1877, but 
 was defeated in spite of exceptionally stmng petitions and recommendations, and was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Hayes, in 1879, Collector of Internal Revenue for the Third Wisconsin District, which office he 
 brought from Oshkosh to Fond du Lac. Mr. Kutchin is identified with the principal secret societies, and 
 for two years was Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias of Wisconsin. To Mr. Kutchin and his 
 paper is given the credit, and justly, of securing the election of Matthew H. Carpenter as U. S. Senator 
 from Wisconsin, for the term beginning March 4, 1879. He was married to Elsie, daughter of John Irv- 
 ing, one of the earliest settlers of Ripon ; they have two children — a daughter and a son. 
 
 P. .f . fjADD, baggage-master and collector for North- Western Railway at Fond du Lac ; was 
 born in Ontario, Canada West, Dec. 11, 1846; emigrated to Wiscon.sin in 1855, and settled at Neenah, 
 Winnebago Co., where he received a common-school education ; in the spring of 1865, he began braking 
 on the Illinois Central Railroad, whence, in the fall of the same year, he changed to the North- Western 
 road, where he continued as brakeman for two years, when he was appointed baggage-master on the road, 
 in which position he remained till the fall of 1868, when he was assigned to the position of baggage-master 
 and collector for the road at Pond du Lac. Dec. 11, 1867, he married Miss Jane A. Stewart, daughter 
 of William J. Stewart, of Fond du Lac ; they have three children — Willie, Eddie and Carrie. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Ladd are members of the Congregational Church- Mr. Ladd has been a Mason since 18()8. 
 
 PROF". JAMES S. IjAKE, teacher of music and piano-tuner ; was born at Reading, Penn., 
 Jan. 9, 185;), where he resided until 7 years old, when his parents moved to Chicago; Prof. L. 
 studied music under Theo. Gramman, a German Professor of Music, in New York, about five years, and 
 studied also with his sister, Julia C. Lake ; since he was IS years of age. Prof. Lake has been engaged in 
 teaching music and tuning pianos in New York,- Chicago, St. Louis, and smce November, 1877, in Fond 
 du Lac. 
 
 JjEON liAliHER, florist and market gardener, on Fourth street ; is one of two surviving sons 
 of a family of five ; he was born in France in 1834, and learned the gardener's trade there with his father, 
 who had learned it from his father before him : in 1852, the family came to America, and settled here in 
 
FOND DU LAC. 827 
 
 Fond du Lac, where they continued the business of florist and gardener; tliree years after, the family was 
 afflicted with the typhoid fever, and Leon lost his only sister and two brothers within twenty days after 
 the first was taken sick; in 1S58, his only surviving brother removed to Kansas, leaving him and his 
 father as the only members of the family here. In 1860, he married Miss Julia C. Pierron, daughter of 
 J. C. Pierron, of Fond du Lac, she being a native of Syracuse, N. Y. ; they have seven children — Frank 
 E., Louis, Lovina, Leon, Charlotte, Charles and Hester. 
 
 D. C LiAXlir was born at Albany, N. Y., July 8, 1852, and came to Sheboygan Falls, Wis., in 
 185.5 ; Springvale in 1857, and Fond du Lao in 1874 ; he purchased the Fond du Lac Trunk Factory of 
 A. Payne that year, and managed the business alone until 1875, when his brother became a partner under 
 the firm name of D. C. & J. H. Lang; the factory gives employment to eighteen men, and the sales, 
 which are in several of the surrounding States, amount to §25,000 per annumn. Mr. Lang was married 
 to Miss Kittie Pogue, at Fond du Lac, Aug. 23, 1877. 
 
 JOHN H. LiANG was born at Albany, N. Y., June Ifi, 1850, and came with his father, Wni. 
 Lang, to Sheboygan Falls, Wis., in 1855, and to Fond du Lac Co., town of Springvale, in 1857; there lie 
 remained until 1873 ; he became a partner with his brother in the firm of I). C. & J. H. Lang as trunk 
 manufacturers at Fond du Lac, in March, 1875. He was married to Miss Ida B Lee, of Fond du Lac, 
 Dec. 17, 1876. 
 
 liEASfDER IjASfDERMAN, farmer; is a son of Augustin and Mary Landerman, born in 
 Montreal Co., Canada, in 1825 ; at the age of 20 he entered upon an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's 
 trade with his father, continuing with him four years; he then went, in 1846, to a place near Troy. N. 
 Y., and for two years was engaged in an ax factory; in 1848, he came to Fond du Lac, and began work 
 at the carpenter and joiner's trade, which he followed for a number of years; he was employed by the 
 North-Western Railway Company to assist in building depots, etc., etc., and while finishing the woodshed 
 at Fond du Lac, he was knocked off the scaffolding while an engine was passing, and it ran over his arm, 
 crushing it so badly that it had to be amputated; he was then appointed night-watch at the depot, which 
 position he held for seven years; in 1848, he began dealing in real estate, and has been at it more or less 
 since that time; he now owns 180 acres in Sec. 8, town of Fond du Lac; probable value, 875 per acre. 
 He married Miss Orellie, daughter of Lewis and Felicity Muller, of Fond du Lac, in 1848, by whom he 
 has six children, as follows : Helaire, Martha, Henry, Pacific, Orellie (now Mrs. Jos. Balargeon, of Fond du 
 Lac) and Rose. Mr. L. and family are members of St. Louis' Catholic Church. 
 
 FRAi^Z IjAUENSTEIX, wholesale liquor dealer ; was born at Brunswick, Germany, May 
 25, 1830 ; came direct to Fond du Lac in May, 1850 ; for two years conducted Henry Rahte, Sr.'s, dis- 
 tillery ; worked two years at cabinet-maker's trade, and, in 1855, began the wholesale liquor business, 
 which he has followed ever since. He was married at Fond du Lac, in 1852, to Lissetta Bergen, a 
 native of Hanover; they have five children living — Frank H., Betty, Rosa, Frances and Johanna ; thi'ee 
 children are deceased. Mr. L. was one of the organizers of the German-English Academy, and is now 
 its President ; is a Turner, and a member of the Odd Fellows' Lodge, and a Director of the German 
 American Savings Bank. 
 
 HIRA^I K. LAUGHLIN, of the firm of Laughlin & Carey, dry-goods merchants; is a 
 native of Hopkintou, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., where he was born in 1818, and lived till 1845, when he 
 became connected with the Treasury Department at Washington, and remained till 1849, going in under 
 James R. Polk and coming out under Taylor's Administration. In 1848, he married Mrs. Carey, of 
 Fond du Lac, and, in 1849, he moved from Washington to Fond du Lac, and became engaged in the dry- 
 goods trade, which he has since followed ; they have only one son^ — William T., who is now the book- 
 keeper for the firm. Mr. Laughlin and family are members of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 JOHN liEIKAUF, proprietor of meat market on Main street; was born in New York City 
 in 1846 ; at the age of 15, he began to learn the butcher trade, which he followed in his native city till 
 1867, when he came to Fond du Lac and continued the same business, working for other parties till the 
 spring of 1879 ; he then became proprietor of his present market. In 1871, he married Miss Lacorda 
 S. Wright, daughter of Joseph Wright, of Calumet, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; they have one daughter — ^ 
 Maggie. Mr. L. and wife are members of St. Mary's Catholic Church. 
 
 S. <]}. JLEIiAND, Clerk of the Court; born in HoUiston, Mass., in 1843 ; moved to Brooklyn, 
 N. 1'., in 1853 ; resided there until July, 1869, when he came to Wiseousin, and located at Beaver Dam, 
 where he remained until October, 1870 ; at that time he came to Fond du Lac, and engaged in business 
 as a merchant, dealing in boots and shoes, having carried on same business in Brooklyn and Beaver Dam 
 prior to coming here ; continued in trade about one year afier locating in this city ; then, for seven year.<, 
 was employed in the County Register's office, five years of the time being Deputy Register ; in the fall 
 
828 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 of 1878, he was elected to the position which he now occupies. Mr. Leland was married, at East Brido;e- 
 water, Mass., Nov. 20, 18G7, to Jennette C. Harlow, a native of Massachusetts; they have four children 
 — Gilbert H., Harry H., Arthur Little and Alice Maud. 
 
 JOSEPH F. LENZ, of the firm of Lenz & Ehlers ; was born in Austria Jan. 10, 1841 ; 
 came directly to Fond du Lac in 185(!, where he has since resided, working at the wajjon-maker's trade, 
 which he began learning in Europe. Mr. Lenz has been engaged in business for himself since 1873. He 
 was married at Fond du Lac, Jan. 24, 18(51, to Fredericka A. Eichmeyer, born in Holstein, Germany; 
 they have three children — -Joseph H., Rudolph and Louis. He has been one of the managers of the 
 German -English Academy during thirteen years. 
 
 SAMUEI.i LiEVELi, dealer in wood ; was born in Ohio, but lived at Buffalo, N. Y., and 
 vicinity, until coming to Fond du Lac May 8, 1858, where he has since resided ; he engaged in lumber- 
 ing several years ; five years engineer for Stevely & Bartlett, but during the last eight years has 
 been dealing in wood, stock and ice. Mr. L. is a bachelor, and a member of the Knights of Pythias. 
 
 A. H. LiEWIS, of the firm of 0. F. Lewis & Bro.; from E.ssex Co., N. Y., where he was born, 
 came to Fond du Lac Co. in 1847, and settled with his father in the town of Springvale ; he enlisted Feb. 
 22, 1864, in the 4th W. V. C., and was mustered out as Sergeant of Co. B, at Brownsville, Tex., May, 
 28, 1866, after which he went to Minnesota and engaged in farming for two years; in April, 1874, com- 
 meaced business with his brother at Fond du Lac, as dealers in agricultural implements, pumps, etc. He 
 was married at Fond du Lac, Dec. 15, 1874, to Martha F. Barber, a native of Vermont. 
 
 R, M. liEWIS, station agent; is a native of Madison Co., N. Y.; born in 1820; came to Chicago, 
 III, in 1851, and engaged in the manufacture of saleratus till spring of 1854, when he came to Fond du 
 Lac, and engaged in the lumber business till 1869 ; he was next interested in the grain trade; in 1867, 
 he was appointed Postmaster at Fond du Lac, by President Johnson, which position he held for two 
 years; was elected a member of the Legislative Assembly in fall of 1872; in February, 1876, he was 
 appointed station agent ot the N.-W. R. R. He married Miss Helen Williams, daughter of Imri Will- 
 iams, of Madison Co., N. Y., in 1844; they have four children — Mary, now Mrs. E. L. Patrick, of Kansas 
 City, Mo.; Ella, now Mrs. K. M. Adams, of Fond du Lac ; Addie, now Mrs. H. B. Dodd, of Water- 
 town, Wis.; Carrie, now Mrs. Lebrick, of Racine, Wis. Wife and family are members of the Congrega- 
 tional Church. 
 
 ORIN F. LiEWIS, dealer in agricultural implements ; was born in Hague, Warren Co., N. 
 Y., Aug. 17, 1832 ; came to Rosendale in September, 1847, and engaged in farming, which he has since 
 carried on in addition to other business ; during five years, in addition to dealing in pumps and all kinds 
 of farm machinery, as a member of the firm of 0. F. Lewis & Brother, he has been a traveling salesman 
 of the Fountain City Wheel & Seeder Co. He was married, Dec. 31, 1856, to Mary A. Murray, a 
 native of Prince Edward's Island ; they have five children — George A., Carrie A., Charles E., Arthur 
 M. and Bertie 0. While living in Rosendale — he now lives just east of the city of Fond du Lac — Mr. 
 Lewis was Supervisor, and held other town offices. Mr. L.'s mother, Betsy Lewis, died in Rosendale 
 Feb. 23, 1857 ; his father, Matthew I., is now a resident of Springvale. 
 
 L. R. liEWIS, marble dealer ; was born in Wethersfield, Windsor Co., Vt., June 6, 1831, and 
 moved with his parents to Maryland in 1833, where they resided until 1840, and then moved to Clinton 
 Co., N. Y.; from there, in 1850, they came to Eden, Fond du Lac Co., and settled upon Sec. 16 ; Mr. 
 Lewis engaged in farming, speculating, dealing in wood, and story-telling in Eden, until 1866, when he 
 moved to Fund du Lac, and engaged in the marble business. He was married in October, 1853, at Tay- 
 cheedah, to Miss Delilah, daughter of Stafford Potter; they have two children living — George W. and 
 Cora E. In Eden, Mr. L. was Town Clerk and Supervisor, and has been Alderman, Supervisor and 
 member of the Board of Education in Fond du Lac; his father, Stephen Lewis, died in Eden in 1871 ; 
 his mother. Thankful Lewis, is living in Nebraska. He is a member of the A., F. & A. M. 
 
 R. IiIEBERJIAN]^, wool merchant, and dealer in grain, seeds, hides, furs, pelts, etc.; born in 
 Austria Aug. 28, 1852; came to America with his parents when he was a child of about 5 years of age; 
 they were located in Milwaukee for two years, then removed to Sheboygan ; from there the subject of 
 this sketch returned to Milwaukee, and graduated from the German and English Academy, and also from 
 Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College, and for two years was in a tannery in Milwaukee, then he went 
 to Manitowoc, where he was employed for about two years as a dry-goods salesman ; in 1870, he came to 
 Fond du Lac, and was associated with L. Rosenberg in the clothing business for several years, a portion 
 of the time dealing in wool, grain, hides, etc.; he was with Mr. Rosenberg until the fall of 1878, since then 
 alone ; Mr. Liebermann is one of the livt young business men of this city, enterprising and public spirited. 
 He is a son of M. Liebermann, who was engaged in dry-goods business about 1868. 
 
?«Pf 3'^' 
 
 4^ 
 
 FONDDU LAC 
 
FOND DU LAC. 831 
 
 EDWARD C. LITTLE (deceased), was a native of Goshen, Oranije Co., N. Y., where he 
 was born April 10, 1811; being tlie son of a farmer, he spent his boyhood and youth, except while 
 attending district school, by which he received rather a limited education, in agricultural pursuits ; in 
 1848, he besan the business of a hardware merchant in New York City, which he continued with his 
 brother till 18(53; disposing oP his interest there at that time, he came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., bought 
 a farm of 160 acres in Sees. 33 and 34, town of Fond du Lie, where he followed firming till his death, 
 which occurred Oct. 30, 1870. He was married to Miss Mary, daughter of Joshua and Sarah Smith, of 
 Goshen, Orange Co., N. Y., in 1846 ; they have four sons and one daughter — Edward S., Charles S., John 
 A., Joseph B. and Isabella F., now Mrs. Theodore Van Cleef, of Jersey City, N. J. The family are 
 connected with the Presbyterian Chureh of Fond du Lac ; formerly members of the Collegiate Church of 
 New York City, one of the oldest churches of that city ; its 250th anniversary was celebrated in 1878. 
 
 JOHIV W. LOCKI^, iirinter and publisher, was born in Sauk Co., Wis., June G, 1852 ; 
 came to Fond du Lac Co. in October, 1864 ; began the printer's trade at Brandon April 13, 1869; had 
 charge of the Ripon Free Press for some time ; worked a few months in the old <SVar office at Milwau- 
 kee and came to Fond du Lac, where he has since resided, in August, 1872 ; in April, 1878, he purchased 
 the Globe office, and, in August, 1879, purchased the Champion steam outfit and merged the two offices 
 into one ; in company with, Edward Beeson, he began the publication of the Wisconsin Farmer in Sep- 
 tember, 1879. Mr. L. was married at Fond du Lac, June 12, 1878, to Jennie S., daughter of the late 
 John Keves ; they have 'one child — Florence Edna. 
 
 ROBERT LONGSTAFF, retired ; was born in County Durham, England, Nov. 11, 1804 ; 
 came to New York City, where he worked at the carpenter's trade a few months; in September, 1844, he 
 moved to Rochester, where he worked at wagon-making less than a year ; returned to New York City for a 
 few months and then came to Fond du Lac Co., which has since been his home ; Mr. L. worked at the 
 carpenter's trade one winter in Fond du Lao, and thep bought a farm, on which he lived five years, and 
 which he afterwai'd rented. He was married in England, in December, 1831, to Dianah Atkinson, a 
 native of County Durham ; they have had eight children, of whom three are living — Jane, Robert B. and 
 Anna ; the five deceassed were Thomas, who died in England ; William, who died in Kansas, aged 26 years ; 
 Alice, who died in Eden, aged 19 years ; Mary, who died in Fond du Lac, aged 2.3 years; and Tarah, who 
 died also in Fond du Lac, aged 7 years. Although in his 76th year, Mr. Longstaff is in good health and 
 works ever\ day about his place. 
 
 MOTHER M.4RY AGXES LUBY, Sister Superior of St. Joseph's Convent and Orphan 
 Asylum, is a daughter of Patrick and Mary Luby ; born in Ca.shel. County Tipperary, Ireland, Aug. 28, 
 1846 ; at the age of 4 years, she entered the Convent of the "Presentation Nuns," of her native city, 
 -and remained there till she reached her 16th year, spending the first part of her time at study, the latter 
 part at teaching; in October, 1870, she, with two other Sisters, came to America and entered the Con- 
 vent of Mercy, at Sterling, III., in November following ; remaining there about two weeks, they, with the 
 Community, removed to Janesville, Wis., where, March 11, 1873, she was appointed Sister Superior of 
 the Community by the Rev. Father Doyle; in January, 1876, the convent was removed to and estab- 
 lished at Fond du Lae, under her care, who, as Superior, has carefully managed and guarded its interests 
 as one whose life-work and life are eonsecnited to a work of charity toward the poor, the sick and the 
 orphan children of the church ; and many will be the thankful hearts, which, in future years, will beat 
 with almost reverential pulsations when fond recollection brings to memory the many blessings they have 
 received from her benevolent hands. 
 
 (JEORdrE W. LUSIi, lumberman ; a native of New Hartford, Oneida Co., N. Y.; came to 
 Fond du Lac in .May, 1866, and began the lumbering business in the firm of Merryman & Co.; this firm 
 lasted until 1878, when Mr. Lusk became proprietor of the entire business, which he continues; he has 
 a saw-mill with a capacity of about 40,000 feet of lumber per day, and in which are employed thirty five 
 men ; he manufactures from 5,000.000 to 7,000,(l0() feet each year; before coming to Fond du Lac, Mr. 
 Lush was engaged as a luuiberman at Edgerton, Wis., about nine years. He has been Mayor of Fond 
 du Lac, and held various local offices. 
 
 GILBERT M. LEE. See last passes of this book. 
 
 FRANCIS D. Mccarty^ was bom in Martlnsburg, Lewis Co. N. Y., Jan. 12, 1816; edu- 
 cated at his native place; immigrated to Green Bay in 1836; came to Fond du Lac July 8, 1838, and 
 located a farm at Taycheedah, where he built a house the same year, and in March, 1839, brought his family 
 to reside in it ; Mr. McCarty's residence has since been in Fond du Lac Co., though he has been traveling, 
 three years in the iron and steel trade; his first office was that of Constable and Collector; was elected 
 Sheriff in 1850, and was Under Sheriff under George W. Mitchell and J. L. D. Bcclesheimcr; Deputy 
 
 DD 
 
832 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 United States Marshal in 1860 ; member of the Legislature in 1858; one of the first Trusteess of Fond 
 du Lac Villag'e ; Alderman several terms ; Justice of the Peace in Empire. Mr. McC. was married at 
 Green Bay, March 18, 1838, to Eliza A. Vandresar ; their children are Lovica L., Catherine R., Frances 
 E., Darwin D. and Grace; all married. Mrs. McC. died Sept. 14, 18G7. 
 
 GEORiJK McCLLfSKEY, Superintendent of the Luco lumber-mills; was born in Strath- 
 ford County, Perth, Canada, May 23, 1845; came to Fond du Lac in about 18l)7. Married in Fond du 
 Lac, in 1872, Miss B. McCabe ; they have two children — Maggie and John; Mr. McCluskey has been 
 Superintendent of the Luco Mill over four years; prior to that time he was foreman in the sawing depart- 
 ment several years. 'He is a Republican in politics. 
 
 OEORGE H. JIcCUiUBER, millwright for C. J. L. Meyer; is a son of Gordon De Wolf 
 McCumber and Hannah Mosher ; born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Jan. 11, 1828 ; when l(i years of age, he 
 entered upon his apprenticeship with his uncle, John Mosher, of Toronto, Canada West, with whom he worked 
 seven years ; i'rom 1851 to 1855, he was engaged in building several mills on the Little and Big Otto Rivers, 
 of Canada West. An interesting event in Mr. McCumber's life at this place was when he with Mr. Free- 
 love was traveling along the old military road, near the Little Otter ; they saw by the roadside a bear's 
 cub; Mr. McCumber proposed to pick it up, but Mr. Froelove protested ; Mr. McCumber told Mr. F. to 
 get across the log bridge with the horses and he would pick up the young bear ; the plan was finally 
 agreed to, and Mr. F. crossed the bridge, and stationed himself on the opposite side of the river to see 
 the result of the project ; McC. at once seized his innocent victim and started for his companion ; but the 
 young cub immediately gave the alarm and the mother instantly rushed to the rescue; in McCumber's 
 haste to cross the bridge, he came upon it with such force that it went down with him, and he dropped 
 the cub thinking the old bear would cease her chase; but she, not content with the rescue' of her babe, 
 hotly pursued the would-be kidnaper till he reached his horse and made good his escape. In 1857, Mr. 
 McCumber, with his family, removed to Fond du Lac Co., coming through from Milwaukee to OcoQO- 
 mowoc on the first emigrant train that passed over that road, stopping atOconomowoc for the night, where 
 there were only three hotels of three rooms each to give lodging to the multitude of immigrants ; forty of 
 them were finally made comfortable in one of the hotels, by scattering them rather promiscuously upon the 
 floors for the night; the nest morning there was a rush for the stage which was to convey them to Beaver 
 Dam ; ]Mr. McCumber's family were fortunate enough to secure a passage, while his friend, Mr. Fisher, and 
 family took the ox cart for Birds' Corners ; arrived at Beaver Dam June 7, soon after which, Mr. Mc- 
 Cumber joined them, and they removed to Mound Prairie, town of Byron, Fond du Lac Co., for a short 
 time ; here an interesting event took place, which is given in another part of this work ; they next removed 
 to Fond du Lac in October, where he has since made his home, and devoted his time to his trade ; in 
 spring of 185G, he built a saw-mill for Mr. Alex. McDonald, and has since been interested in the build- 
 ing of several large mills, among them a grist-mill for the Indians on their reservation ; a saw-mill for 
 Merryman, at Marinette; one in city of Fond du Lac, for Mr. Meyers, also the Railroad Mill, the Hol- 
 lister Mill, at Rochester, N. Y.; one for Mr. Coleman, at La Crosse, an'd has been constantly in Mr. Meyer's 
 employ for the past two years (1879). Dec. 3, 1849, he was married to Miss Eliza, daughter of Henry 
 and Sarah Branum, of Toronto ; they have had six children — ^Sarah L., now Mrs. William Tostivin, of 
 St. Paul, Minn.; H. Adel, now Mrs. Robert N. Woollett, of Minneapolis ; William G., George (deceased), 
 death caused by a fall ; William H., Nettie A. Mr. McCumber and wife are members of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church; Mr. McC. is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., also of the Temple of Honor. 
 
 WILLIAM McDEKMOTT, insurance agent, was born in Ireland, iu 1846, and came to 
 Washington Co., Wis. the same year, with his father ; to Fond du Lac, town of Byron, in 1855, where he 
 lived with James McDermott — his father — until 1867, when he moved to Fond du Lac and began work 
 for L. M. Wyatt, in the insurance business; began business for himself as insurance, loan and real-estate 
 agent, April I, 1872, and now has fourteen companies — -all first-class. He was married, July 7, 1868, to 
 Annie C. Duffie; they have two children — James P. and George L. All are members of St. Joseph's 
 Church ; Mr. McDermott has been a member of the Board of Education one year, but gives no attention 
 to politics. 
 
 ALEXANDER jJIcDONALD, manufacturer and lumberman, was born at Lancaster, 
 Glengarry Co., Canada, Sept. 16, 1827, of Scotch parents; his education was aci]uired at the schools of 
 his native place, after which he spent three years in a large grocery store in Montreal ; he then returned to 
 Lancaster and engaged with Archibald McBean, merchant and lumberman, for one and a half years, 
 when he became a partner in the business, taking charge of a branch store ; in 1848, the partnership, 
 which had existed two and a half years, was terminated, and Mr. McD. became clerk in William Flower's 
 railroad-contracting office, in which he remained one year, and was given charge of a gang of men, and at 
 the end of another year was made Division Superintendeni;, owing to his wonderful energy and uniform 
 
FOND DU LAC. 833 
 
 good judgment; in 1856, after finishing with the railroad contractor, Mr. McD. came to Fond du Lac, 
 and, in company with his brother and others, began the manufacture of lumber, which he has since con- 
 tinued without interruption ; he now is the sole owner of a saw-mi!l and a large tract of pine lands; Presi- 
 dent of the Wheel and Seeder Co.; Vice President of the McDonald Manufacturing Co.; part owner of 
 the McDonald & Stewart Sash, Door and Blind Factory ; Director of the German- American Savings 
 Bank ; a member of the Log Harbor Co., and Director of the Gravel Road Co., giving attention to every 
 branch of his business ; Mr. McDonald is an astonishing, tremendous and tireless worker ; he has rushed 
 himself through the heaviest labors with only four hours per day of rest and sleep, not simply for a week, 
 but during long periods ; and at his mill, or in handling lumber, takes the place and the labors of two 
 men ; the same prodigious vigor characterizes all his mental operations ; the most prolonged exposure and 
 hardest tug at labor even yet appears to leave him as fresh and strong as when he began ; his working 
 trim is 6 feet 2 inches in height and 215 pounds in weight — all bone and sinew ; the first seven years of 
 Mr. MoD.'s life after he left school were devoted to paying the debts contracted by his father, who died 
 when he was only 5 years of age, thus saving the old homestead to his mother. Although giving no 
 attention whatever to politics, he has been elected Alderman, member of the County Board and Mayor. 
 He was married first, in 1859, to Annie Cameron, who died Dec. 12, 1863, leaving one daughter — Sarah; 
 in February, 1868, he ma,rried Christiana McLennan, who died a year later; in 1872, Mr. McDonald 
 married his present wife, Sarah E. Vaughan, who is the mother of his only son — Alexander Vaughan 
 McDonald. Mr. McDonald uses no liquor or tobacco, gives his influence to temperance matters, and is a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 JOHN S. JrcDO]VA.IjD, manufacturer and lumberman ; was born in Lancaster, Glengarry 
 Co., near the Province line, between Upper and .Lower Canada, Dec. 7, 1831 — a locality noted for the 
 large size of its men and women. When Col. Frasier's regiment was reviewed at Montreal, during the 
 Revolution of 1837, the English General declared he had never seen so fine a regiment — not a man 
 in it being less than six feet, and some of them were over seven feet in height ; and the Colonel said he 
 could furnish ten more regiments of such men, and as many as might be wanted of men sis feet in height. 
 Donald McDonald, lumberman and farmer, father of John S., was born at Glengarrj' a year after the 
 grandparents settled on the old homestead. His mother, Marion Stewart, born on the Isle of Skye, 
 Scotland, was, on her mother's side, a McLeod ; her father's family con.sisted of six brothers and four sisters 
 — none of the brothers being less than six feet — of whom three sisters and one brother are now living, the 
 youngest being 70 years of age, and his mother, who resides in B^ond du Lac, being in her 84th year. Mr. 
 McD.'s father died Feb. 28, 1848, after a brief illness. His family consisted of twelve children — six 
 boys and six girls, all now living but two. 
 
 The subject of this sketch attended the common schools from the farm on which he was born, beginning 
 at the age of 4 years, and walking regularly every day, rain or shine, with his brothers and sisters, from one to 
 three miles. At the time of his father's death, he had been clerking, for a period of two years, in a gen- 
 eral store at $4 per month, which gave him a practical knowledge of general business. Liquors were 
 retailed over the counters of this store, and, for five years, young McDonald .sold intoxicating drinks as a 
 beverage, without ever tasting them himself His mother lived a mile distant from the store, and every 
 Sunday, after he was ready to return from his visit to her, she would admonish him to " be a good boy for 
 another week, and not touch the liquor;" and to his beloved mother Mr. McD. ascribes his strength to 
 handle liquor five years without tasting a drop of it. All this time, he and his brother, Alexander, were 
 earning money to pay for the old farm and educate the younger children. At the age of 16, he left 
 Glengarry and engaged with William Flower, a prominent railroad contractor, as book-keeper and pay- 
 master, with whom his brother Alexander had previously been engaged, and the two labored together 
 for years with but one aim, that of paying their father's debts. After finishing the Grand Trunk Kail- 
 road, Mr. McD. left the employ of Mr. Flower, in January, 1856, and, after arranging his mother's 
 affairs, went to Chicago ; thence to Dixon, 111.; out through Iowa and finally brought up at Fond du Lac 
 the last of February, 1856, riding in a box-car behind the little Winnebago engine, over the strap-railed Rock 
 River Valley Union Ry., then in operation from Fond du Lac to Minnesota Junction. On his arrival at 
 Fond du Lac, he had only §190, but was introduced to R. and A. Merryman and H. Hunter, with whom he 
 entered into business under the firm name of McDonald, Merryman & Co. His old employer, Mr. Flower, 
 had promised that if McDonald could get into business, to draw on him for capital. This was done, and 
 Mr. Flower responded by remitting S4,500, and the new firm erected a saw-mill on the corner of Johnson 
 and Follett streets, which burned years after. The same spring his brother Alexander came to Fond du 
 Lac, and purchased a quarter-interest in the mill, which was continued until the panic of 1857, when lumber 
 could hardly be sold at any price. About this time, Mr. Flower, his former employer, had taken the contract 
 
834 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 for building the Stanstead, Shefferd & Chambly Ry., in Lower Canada, and wanted Mr. MeD. to organize 
 and begin the work fur him, which, with the consent of his partners, he did, and continued in the raih'oad 
 business until the first division, from 8t. John's to Granby, was completed. By letter, he then arranged 
 with his partners to carry on his lumber business at Fond du Lac lor three years, and, in LS58, set sail 
 from New York to California, with such letters in his possession as would enable him to get along in case 
 his hands should fail him. 
 
 Wliile (lU shipboard, Mr. McD. became acquainted with two Frenchmen, who were on their way to Cali- 
 fornia to embark in the wine business, and who, as they did not understand the manner of doing business in 
 thii country, offered h'im a one-third iuterest without a dollar of ca.sh. But McD. declined the offer solely on 
 account of the nature of the business — his early experience leading him to make such a decision. He also 
 met men going to the Frasier River gold mines, and made arrangements to accompany them, taking steer- 
 age passage from San Francisco to Victoria, Vancouver's Island, experiencing hardships never to be for- 
 gotten. After preparing boat and equipages for mining, he was enabled, through the kindness of Gov. 
 Douglass, to whom McD. had letters of introduction, to get passage across the Gulf of Georgia, [an 
 altogether dangerous undertaking in small boats], on the steamer Otter, the first steam vessel to navi- 
 gate the Pacific Ocean. He landed at the mouth of the Frasier, near Ft. Langley, at 3 o'clock in 
 the afternoon of a rainy October day. After rowing up stream two miles, they camped with other 
 miners fur the night. The next day was Sunday, and most of the miners made ready to proceed on the 
 journey. But McD. said he never worked a Sabbath in his life, and should not begin in British Colum- 
 bia, suggesting that their luggage be divided, and he would remain behind with another, who was against 
 Sabbath-breaking. The next Thursday the McD. party passed all the boats that started on Sunday, and when 
 they reached the mines, was several weeks in advance of. the Sabbath-breakers. The Frasier River was a 
 dangerous stream to navigate, and MeD. and his friends had many hair-breadth escapes while ascend- 
 ing it. It was winter in the mountains, and, on reaching Ft. Hope, he took a jub of the government, 
 with others, to build a jail of logs eight inches thick. When this was finished, he tried mining, which 
 was good in some places. On the arrival of spring, the company parted. McD. and a man named Cor- 
 nell, remained together and made shingles or shakes, and sawed lumber with a whip-saw for a living. After 
 some unpleasant expeiieiiees with hostile Indians, exposure of the utmost severity, and tiresome mountain- 
 climbing ujitil the next summer, he determined to return down the river, and landed at New Westminster 
 soon after the government established its head(|uarters at that point, making it the port of .entry for 
 British Columbia, although the place cuntained nothing but a restaurant, grocery and post oiEce. In the post 
 oilice, Mr. McD. found three letters, upon which 75 cents postage was due, but not having any 
 muuey, .he told the Postmaster he would call later, and not knowing what else to do, went out and started 
 up an Indian trail. He had proceeded but a few rods, when he discovered a gold dollar shining near a small 
 rivulet that crossed the trail. Believing it the work of Providence, McD. snatched the coin and h;istened 
 back tor his letters. After paying the postage, he had 25 cents left, which, not having tasted food since 
 the day before, he hastened to expend in the restaurant for buns. While eating them, and reading his 
 letters, he saw an advertisement calling for choppers for the government. This directed him to Col. 
 Moody, who said the government wanted fifty cords of eighteeninch wood, for which $3 per cord would 
 be paid. Although withuut money, ax or provisions, he pluckily took the job, afterward getting trusted 
 by Armstrong, who kept the grocery, for both, and began his work toward night the same day. After 
 working about an hour or so, a tall man came up and wanted work. McD. hired him at $'i per day, 
 which proved a good bargain, as the man was a good chopper. The next day the two put up four cords, 
 thu.s making $9 per day for McDonald. He next went into a grocery, but left it very soon after to engage 
 in the fish business — catching and packing salmon ; but, after working night and day, making 1,001) fish 
 barrels, getting boats, sheds, nets and other things ready, found the salmon did not run that year. This 
 was a heavy blow, as McDonald had borrowed the money for his costly but disastrous fishing experiment. 
 Hay then commanding a fabulous price, he determined to go into the hay business, and after searching 
 out a mai'sh at the peril of his life, among ho.-itile and ugly Indians, and, finding that the old chief 
 would protect him, as he wanted the hay cut, he hired five men and put up eighty tons, work- 
 ing like a slave to do it. This was twenty miles from any settlement, and, as 2,000 Indians, enraged 
 by whisky furnished by the coast-traders, constantly sought oiipurtunity to take their lives, the 
 tiisk was a disagreeable as well as perilous one, in the extreme. But the hay was never moved, as opposi- 
 tion companies had put the price down far below even the cost of transportation. The experience with 
 the Indians was a terrible one. Not a day has passed, from that day to this, which failed to recall the 
 dangers then pas.sed through, or the feeling of thankfulness at escaping with his life, as McD. was left 
 alone with them by his less plucky companions. As soon as the disastrous hay business was dropped, he 
 
FOISD DU LAC. 835 
 
 took a job from the governineut of cutting a trail fourteen miles through lieavily timbered country, fre- 
 ((uently encountering trees so large as to extend, while standing, across the entire trail, which was twenty 
 feet wide. On finishing this job, he took for pay land scrip, and entered lands back of New Westminster, 
 which he still owns. Rev. E. White, a Methodist minister, arrived at New Westminster, and McDonald 
 helped to erect the first church in that country, a few beariu<;- all the burdens. But as yet, ho had 
 made no money — had many a day gone without food, shelter, or proper clothing ; had taken a salmon 
 in either hand and gone about trying to sell them for bread. At last, he learned of a man who 
 owned a saw-mill but could not run it. He, therefore, went to two men named Homer and Jackson, who 
 put their money against his experience and labor, and the mill was put in motion. In this new enterprise, 
 McDonald worked with the same tremendous energy, and made a success of it. So, after making enough 
 to pay all his debts, and show the people he could make a success of something, he determined to leave the 
 Pacific Coast. Before leaving, however, in July, 18.'i9,'he got up public meetings and circulated petitions, 
 praying the P]nglish Government to grant a Colonial Legislature to British Columbia, which prayer was 
 soon granted ; and, on his departure, Mr. McD. was tendered a public dinner for the energy and enterprise 
 with which he had helped to develop the colony. On arriving in Canada, he found great excitement over 
 copper mining, and, after paying a hasty visit to Pond du Lao, buying out, with his brother Alexander, 
 Hunter and the Merrymans, and forming the firm of A. & J. S. McDonald, which continued for many 
 years, he enterred into mining operations with his old employer, William Flower. The rebellion in the 
 States caused a promiscuous fleeing of capitalists and cessation of mining operations, so McD. determined 
 to return to Fond du Lac, and give his energy and attention to the lumber business. But he had no 
 notion of returning alone, so proposed to, and was accepted by, Jane Elizabeth, his former employer's 
 second daughter, whom he had known from childhood, and they were married at M^intreal, Nov. 12, ISGl, 
 making the journey to Fond du Lac, their future home, their wedding tour. The issue of this marriage 
 has been four girls and three boys — WiUiamina Elizabeth, born Aug. 8, 1862 ; Annie Stewart, May 3, 
 1864; Marion Maria, Aug. 26, 1867; John Flower, June 19, 1870 ; Edwin Corydon French, July 28, 
 1872 ; Alexander Dee, Dec. 5, 1874, and Jennie Louise Alberta, Sept. 2, 1S78. Marion Maria died Oct. 
 31, 1871, at the age of 4 years. Since taking up his permanent residence in Fond du Lao, Mr. McDonald 
 has most of his attention to lumbering, as a member of the firms of A. & J. S. McDonald ; A. & J. S. 
 McDonald & Co.; McDonald Flower & Co. and McDonald, Lynch & Co., carrying on the business at Fond 
 du Lac, on the Wolf River and other Wisconsin waters. More recently, he began at Ford River, Mich., 
 taking as partners Blanchard & Borland, of Chicago, under the name of McDonald, Borland & Co., which 
 gave place to Ford River Lumber Co., of which he has been President and Manager from the start. In 
 1877, he formed, at Oconto, the lumber-manufacturing firm of McDonald & Billings' Lumber Co., of 
 which he is President. The same year he purchased the thrashing machine works at Fond du Lac, after 
 their failure, in which, as a stockholder he lost heavily, and, in company with John Spence, his brother 
 Alexander, and C. H. Benton, formed the McDonald Manufacturing Co., J. S. McDonald, President — • 
 which is doing a large and increasing bu.siness. Mr. McD. also was heavily interested in the manufacture 
 of peat fuel and paper. He is an earnest member of the Presbyterian Church, in which he is a Ruling 
 Elder, and, while liberal in his views of other denominations, has no sympathy whatever with the so-called 
 Liberal Christians. Mr. McD. was for several years President of the Fond du Lac Co. Bible Society ; is 
 - Trustee of the First Presbyterian Church ; Superintendent of the Home and Mission Schools of the 
 Church ; Trustee of Carroll College, and Lake Forest University ; member of the Executive Committee 
 of the State Sabbath School Association ; one of the Vice Presidents of the American Sabbath School 
 Union and is connected with other societies, manufactories and business interests in and around Fond du 
 Lac, and other sections of the Northwest. 
 
 HOX. CAMPBELL McLEAlV, Judge of the Fourth Judicial Circuit; was born in Wash- 
 ington Co., N. Y., May 16, 1825, but raised in Clinton Co., where he received an academic education at 
 Keyesville, and where he studied law with Hon. Geo. A. Simmons. Judge McLean was admitted to the 
 bar in 1850, and practiced in Keyesville until 1856, when he removed to Fond du Lac, where he has 
 since resided; he was a member of the Assembly in 1862 ; elected to the Fourth Judicial Circuit judge- 
 ship in 1868, and re-elected without opposition in 1874. He was married at Fond du Lac, in Januarj', 
 1860, to Emogene S. Gillett, daughter of Rev. Dr. Erastus Gillett ; she was born at Jamestown, Chau- 
 tauqua Co., N. Y. ; they have one child — Kate M. 
 
 CHARLEH M. McLEAN, of McLean & Haas; was born in Ireland in 1822; came to 
 America in 1S48 ; spent six years in Steuben Co., N. Y., after remaining a short time in Pennsylvania; 
 came to Fond du Lac in May, 1855, from Steuben Co., N. Y. ; learned the wagon-maker's trade in New 
 York State, which he has followed since coming to Wisconsin ; has been in bu.siness for himself since 
 
836 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1863. Mr. McLean was married in Fond du Lae, May 9, 1859, to Ann Raybuni, born in County Gal- 
 way, Ireland. They have four children — -Mary Jane, Teresa, Thomas John and Ann. He is a member 
 of the Total Abstinence Society. 
 
 MADISOX McL-EAX, farmer; was born at Ithaca, N. Y., Oct. 29, 1829 ; removed when a 
 child to Chenango Co.; then five years in Omndaga Co. ; came to Motomen, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in 
 1854, where he engaged in farming imtil 1868, when he removed to Oshkosh ; removed to Ripon in 
 1870; to Fond du Lac City and Town in 1873, where he now resides. Mr. McLean was married near 
 Syracuse. N. Y., Nov. 23, 1853, to Sarah C. BtfU, born in Onondaga Hollow, June 29, 1832; they have 
 three children — Alice E., now Mrs. Ed Ingram, of Northampton, Mass.; Elsie Beecher and Mary Eliza- 
 beth. During several years in Fond du Lac, Mr. McLean carried on the business of dairying; he is now 
 farming two miles east of the city. 
 
 tJEOKWE Mc WILLI AUS; the subject of this sketch is a native of Mercer Co., Penn. ; 
 was born on the 11th of December, 1800, and is the son of (Jeorge MoWilliams (a farmer), and Naomi, nee 
 Mitchell ; he passed his early life in his native place, attending school during the winters and spending the 
 summers at farm work, and at the age of 16 years, entered upon an apprenticeship of four and a half 
 years to learn the carpenter's trade ; at the expiration of thi.s time, he began work as journeyman, and soon 
 removed to Painesville, Ohio, and there spent eight years working at his trade; in 1830, goin£ to Wis- 
 consin, he settled at Green Bay; then in Michigan Territory, during the next thirteen years, he was 
 actively engaged at his trade ; during that time, he had the contract for many important buildings in his 
 section of the country ; he built the first Protestant Mission buildings of Green Bay for the education of 
 the half-breed Indians ; he was also superintendent or architect for rebuilding Ft. Howard, and was there 
 engaged four years; having become largely interested in the Fond du Lao Company, he removed 
 thither in 1843, and took charge of the business of the Company ; he has been a large dealer in real estate, 
 and, at one time owned a large part of the land where the city of Fond du Lac now stands, and by judi- 
 cious investments and careful management has accumulated a large fortune ; he has not, however, confined 
 himself to his private affairs, but in all matters pertaining to the growth and welfare of his city and State, 
 has taken an active part ; he was a member of the first Territorial Legislature in 1836, and during a 
 period of several years, served as Justice of the Peace, at Green Bay, under an appointment by Gov. 
 Dodge; after removing to his present home, he was elected Mayor of his city two years after its incorpo- 
 ration ; JNIr. McWilliams has traveled extensively over the United States, and being a man of close obser- 
 vation, he has gained in this manner a most valuable experience and a practical knowledge of men and 
 things. Politically; he has been identified with the Republican party since its organization. Mr. Mc- 
 Williams has never been identified with any church organization, and has never married ; he is, however, 
 a worthy member of the Masonic Order. Such is a brief outline of the life-history of one, who beginning 
 life without means, has worked his way up step by step, and stands now a worthy example of that success 
 which may be attained by constant, persevering and honorable eifort. 
 
 E. a. MAI5f was born at Columbus, Chenango Co., N. Y., April IS, 1834; reared in Che- 
 nango and Madison Cos.; removed to Chilton, Calumet Co., Wis., in 185.5, and to Fond du Lao in 1864, 
 where he has since resided ; Mr. Main began the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds when first com- 
 ing to Fond du Lac. continuing it until 1876, when he begin the manufacture of furniture and agricult- 
 ural implements. He was married in Chicago, April 2, 1856, to Margaret Foley, born in Ireland ; they 
 have three children — Mary Lizzie, Margaret and Ella. Mr. M. is a member of the A., F. & A. M., and 
 I. 0. 0. F. Lodges. 
 
 CAPT. MICHAEL MAXtJAX was bom in Ireland Sept. 30, 1830 ; came to America 
 in 1854, and to Fond du Lac in December, 1855, where he engaged in the lumber business until 1861. 
 He enlisted as a private in Co. E, 6th W. V. I., leaving for the front in June, 1861, in which he served 
 until mustered out as First Lieutenant, in April, 1864 ; he then entered the Veteran Reserve Corps, 
 Army of the Potomac, remaining in New York City until the close of the war, when he went to Florida 
 in connection with the Freedmen's Bureau ; in September, I8(i6, he was mustered out, and returned to 
 Fond du Jvac, remaining until December, when he joined the Regular Army as Second Lieutenant of 
 Co. A, 45th Regiment; in this he served until April, 1871, when he was retired as Second Lieutenant, 
 on three-quarter pay ; Capt. M. lost a leg at the battle of Gettysburg. He was Doorkeeper of the United 
 States Senate one session, after the clo.se of the war, and has been Alderman and Chairman of the Fourth 
 Ward. 
 
 JOXATHAN W. MAXLEY, former, corner of Forest and Seymour streets; he is a son of 
 Rev, Ira 3Ianiey, a (Congregational minister, of Essex Co., N. Y.; though a native of Rutland Co., Vt., 
 Jonathan was born in Essex Co., N. Y., in September, 1818 ; at the age of 22, he began teaching school 
 
FOND Dl" LAC. 837 
 
 in his native county, and continued it during the winter seasons for four years ; he next began the car- 
 penter and joiner's trade, which he continued there till 1845, when, in the fall of that year, he immigrated 
 to Wisconsin ; landing at Racine about the 25th of October, he started to Delavan ; from Delavan went to 
 Hustisford, Dodge Co., thence on foot to iMilwaukee ; stopping over night at an unfinished hotel, he was 
 put up in the second story of the yet unfinished part to sleep ; the landlord, taking him around the house 
 and up an outside stairway, and pointing to an open window in the second part of the house, told him he 
 could find a place in there somewhere, and bid him good-night; Mr. Manley crawled in, though not very 
 manly, however, for ho was never more fri£;htened in his life ; 'tis well to state, however, that he awoke 
 the next morning mu^rh refreshed and less frightened ; on his way to Milwaukee, he made application for a 
 school and was accepted by the Directors, but, upon reaching his destination, he found business so good 
 thar. he could make more at work on the water-power, so gave up the school ; in the spring of 1846, he 
 went to Sheboygan and continued his trade for four years, whence, in 1850, he removed his family to 
 Fond du Lac, and, for two years, was employed by J. B. Macy, then by the North- Western Railway 
 Co. for twenty-one years ; leaving the road in 1875, he has since followed farming, and now owns ten acres 
 in the city, eighty-seven acres on See<=. 10 and 17, also forty-five acres in Sec. 18, all in the town of Fond 
 du Lao. He married Miss Frances A., daughter of Elijah and Harriet Rouse, of Litchfield, Conn., in 
 January, 1855 ; they haye had five children — Charles W. (deceased), Alice C. and Wallace J. (twins), 
 Ira J. and Henry H. Mrs. Manley is a member of the Congregational Church. 
 
 FRANCIS MABCOE, Jr., dealer in wines, liquors, etc., corner of Third and Main streets; 
 was born in Cohoes Falls, N. Y., April 29, 1841 ; in 1849, came to Wisconsin with his parents; they 
 settled in Fond du Lac Co., where the subject of this biographical notice remained until the summer of 
 1862, when he enlisted in Co. A, 21st W. V. I., in which he served about one and a half years; at the 
 end of that time, was transferred to the 1st U. S. Vet. Vol. Engineer Corps, in which he served until 
 June 30, 1865, when he was honorably discharged; during the time he was in the .service, Mr. Mar- 
 coe participated in a number of battles, the principal ones being Murfreesboro, Ferryville, Lookout 
 Mountain ; during the battle of Murfreesboro, he acted as Orderly Sergeant, and was made Corporal for 
 some time previous to his being discharged. Feb. 22, 1870, he married in Fond du Lac, Josephine Roy, 
 a native of Cyprien, Canada, born Feb. 2, 1849 ; tliey have had five children — Melvina (born July 3, 
 1871), Amelia (born Jan. 4, 1873), Francis E. (born July 19, 1874), J. Henry (born Nov. 22, 1877), 
 one child deceased, Josephine (who was born JIarch 18, 1876, and died Jan. 28, 1879); Mr. Marcoe's 
 parents, Francis Marcoe and Amelia Seur, were both natives of Canada, where they were married ; they 
 moved to Cohoes Falls, N. Y., thence to Wisconsin in about 1849 ; settled in the town of Fond du Lac, 
 where they resided several years; then moved to Friendship, where she died Dec. 16, 1879, aged 52 
 years ; he is still living and resides in the town of Friendship ; their children are Theodore, who was a 
 soldier in the .5th W. V. I., during the war, and was promoted to First Lieutenant, he married Mary 
 Maltliouse, they live in Taylor Co., Wis.; Francis, Jr., whose name heads this sketch ; Mary, wife of John 
 Baltzour, this county; Armina, wife of J. Baltzour, also of this county; Melinda,wife of Chas. Busan, Blewitt, 
 Minn.; Jeremiah, of Taylor Co., Wis.; Julius, also of Taylor Co.; Alexander, who resides in the town of 
 Friend.ship, married Lenora Young; Lavina, wife of Oliver Greeney, War.saw, Wis. Mrs. Marcoe's 
 parents, Isaac and Julia Roy, nee Ebero, were natives of Canada; they came to Wisconsin in 1867, and 
 settled in Fond du Lac, where they still reside; their children are Legnorie. of this city, he married Mary 
 Foncher ; Amelia, wife of Louis Lebeau, this city; Nelson, of Cyprien, Canada, married Marclien Per- 
 rinn ; Eliza, now Mrs. M. Smith; Josephine, wife of Francis Marcoe, Jr.; Melvina, wife of S. Marion, of 
 Marinette, Wis.; Aleda, wife of H. Labossier, a merchant of Dorchester, Wis.; Mrs. Marcoe's maternal 
 grandparents were Jacob and Araenge Ebert; they are nearly a century old, and live in Cyprien, Canada; 
 he was a soldier in active service during the French and English war in Canada ; was taken prisoner by 
 the British, and exiled to Australia for 11 years. ^ 
 
 JH. W. SIARSHALIj, manufacturer of patent medicines. No. 14 Oak street; he was born 
 in Havana, N. Y., in 1842 ; in 1849, his parents, S. and Mary J. Marshall, came to Wisconsin and set- 
 tled near Green Bay ; moved thence to Fond du Lac, where they resided until their deaths ; Mr. Mar- 
 shall engaged in the manufacture of patent medicines in about 1855, and since that time has been con- 
 stantly increasing his facilities for the making of his medicines, to keep pace with an increasing trade. 
 He married, in 1861, Mary Nicholson, of May.sville, N. Y.; they have three children — Alice M., Flora 
 B. and Clara H.; Mr. Marshall owns several finely improved farms in Fond du Lac Co., and a farm in 
 Marquette Co.. Wis. In politics, he is a Republican. 
 
 FERDIiVAND J. MARTIN was born in Prague, Germany, June 21, 1842; came to 
 America in 1848, with his parents, Henry A. and Caroline C. Martin ; after residing in Milwaukee one 
 
838 BIOCxRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 year and a half, thoy came to Fond du Lac ; the first employment which Ferdinand had was with J. C 
 Lowell, a dru<:gist of this city; he remained with him eight years, then he was for six months with C. J. 
 Pettibone & Co., six months in the store of G. W. Weikert, afterward worked at the trade of carpenter 
 and joiner two years and a half; six months employed in Mihill's factory, three years in the employ of 
 Gaertner & Fry, one year in partnership with R. Haentze, as booksellers and news-dealers; since June, 
 1872, he has been employed in the post office in this city. He was married here, July 27, 1865, to Anna 
 W. Abel ; she was born in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany ; they have two children — Emma C. A., 
 born June 6, 1 865 ; Nettie E. M., born April 4, 1874. Mr. Martin's father died here in 1859 ; mother is 
 now residing in Chicago. Blr. M. is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, Turner Society and Sous of 
 Hermann ; he served fourteen years in the Fire Department; was one of the charter members of No. 5. 
 
 JOHX H. MARTIN, farmer and stock-trader. Sees. 23, 15, 17; is a native of Williamsport, 
 Lycoming Co., Penn.; born Dec. 31, 1806 ; spent the first twelve years of his life there on a farm with 
 his parents ; they removed to Susquehanna, Susquehanna Co., Penn.,'for a few years, whence he removed 
 to Livingston Co., N. Y., where for six years he was engaged in superintending a large farm and dealing 
 in stock for Gen. Wadsworth ; here he acquired a taste and knowledge of stock-trading, which he after- 
 ward successfully made use of; in 1836, he went to Chicago, 111., where ho dealt in stock till 1841 ; 
 thence to Racine, Wis., for about five years; thence, in 1846, to Fond du Lac; in spring of 1852, he 
 purchased a farm of 100 acres in Sec. 23, Town 15, Range 17 of Fond du Lac, where he built a house 
 and made other improvements for a comfortable home. In 1852, he was married to Miss Caroline P., 
 daughter of Gordon and Ann Clark, of West Bloomfield, Ontario Co., N. Y.; they have three sons — Edward 
 C, banker of Beloit ; Mitchell C, Kan.; Charles H., who makes his home with parents. 
 
 JOHN li. MARTIN, insurance agent; was born in the town of Edea, Fond du Lac Co., 
 March 13, 1849, where he lived until coming to the city of Fond du Lac; in 1871, he went to Kansas 
 City; in 1872, to St. Louis, thence to Toledo; one year in the Government Works at White River, 
 Arkansas; in insurance business in St. Louis from spring of 1875 to 1877, when he returned to Fond du 
 Lac, and opened a fire and life insurance office, repre.-icnting the Phoenix, Trader's, Star and other compa- 
 nies. Mr. M. was married to Maggie L. Fitzgerald Aug. 27, 1873. 
 
 EDWARD a. MASCRAFT, artist; was born at E.sperance, Schoharie Co., N. Y., Oct. 
 10, 1840 ; moved to New York City at the age of 10 ; resided there about five years, and came to Fond 
 du Lac in 1855; he enlisted as a private, in the spring of 1862, in Co. A, 14th W. V. I., Col. David E. 
 Wood's regiment ; was wounded by a shell at Shiloh ; disabled about a month ; became chief bugler in 
 Gen. Ransom's brigade; participated in nearly all the battles in which his regiment wa.s engaged, and was 
 mustered out at Mobile Ala., in the tall of 1865 ; he then began the study of art and painting with 
 Mark R. Harrison, in whose studio he has ever since been engaged. 
 
 W. H. MASSOIV, machinist; was born at East Hill, Onondaga Co., N. Y., May 13, 1854; 
 came to Fond du Lac in the spring of 1863, 'where he has since resided, working as a skilled machinist. 
 Mr. M.'s father is dead, but his mother and grandmother are still living. He is a member of the I. 0. 
 0. F. and of the Royal Temple of Temperance. 
 
 T. F. MA YHAM, physician and surgeon ; was born at Schoharie Co., N. Y., whence he came 
 to Fond du Lac Nov. 22, 1854. Dr. M. graduated from Michigan University, and attended a full course 
 at the Albany, N. Y., Medical College; after which he taught school three terms in Empire, and was 
 engaged in introducing school-books until he began the practice of his profession in 1859 ; he was hospital 
 surgeon at Cairo, III., three years from the fall of 1863. Dr. M. is a member of the State Medical 
 Society, Chairman of the Democratic County Committee, member of the Board of Supervisors; has been 
 in the City Council four terms, in the Board of Education several years, and held other local offices. He 
 was married, at Fond du Lac, Dec. 26, 1860, to Mary E., daughter of Col. Abner Baker, who settled in 
 Empire in 1847 ; she was born in Washington Co., N. Y.; they have one child — Bessie. 
 
 CHARIiES J. Li. MEYER, manufacturer, was born at Minden, in West Prussia, May, 
 1831, where he attended the thorough .schools for which that country is noted, until 14 years of age, 
 being an apt scholar and an intense worker ; during the last year of his attendam-e at school, the Governor 
 of the province made a visit of inspection, calling up young Meyer as the first scholar of the school, and 
 putting him under a most rigid examination ; the ready and intelligent replies from the youthful student 
 interested the Governor, who proposed to qualify him for the service of the State, with the assurance of 
 his royal protection and favor ; the youth had previously determined to follow his father's calling, that of a 
 manufacturer of sash, doors and blinds, and therefore declined an offer which would have been gladly 
 embraced by those who.se worldly prospects were more hopeful than his ; therefore, upon leaving school he 
 spent three years in his father's shop, acquiring the practical knowledge which has been so beneficial since 
 
FOND DU LAC. 839' 
 
 in successfully carryinsi; on his immense business ; at the expiration of this time Mr. Meyer determined to 
 find a wider field for his labors and came to America ; the city of New York, where lie landed, not being 
 suited to his tastes, he resolved to go West, and took passage on the Erie Canal ; near Syracuse a break 
 was encountered, and, not having means to defray the expense of a detention, Mr. Meyer sought employ- 
 ment in that city; failing to find any, he went into the country, and, although unskilled in the ways of 
 farming, hired out to David Collins, near Fayetteville, for $5 per month ; his honesty aptitude and indus- 
 try so pleased Mr. Collins, that at the end of the first month he voluntarily increased the wages agreed 
 upon ; during the succeeding winter he cut cordwood, split rails and performed general farm work ; in the 
 spring Mr. Collins, Sr., built a mill, in the erection of which Mr. Meyer aided the millwright, who was so 
 well pleased with his skill in using tools that he was urged to learn the millwright's trade ; he therefore 
 spent a profitable year in that business, finally abandoning it on account of the severity of the weather ; 
 he then spent a year in Syracuse acquiring the wagon-maker's trade, after which, in 1855, ho removed to 
 Chicago, where he spent six months, working at the wheelwright business, then coming to Fond du Lac, 
 which has since been his home ^nd the seat of his wonderful success as a lumberman and manufacturer, 
 a full account of which will be found elsewhere in thi^ work. Although giving an astonishing amount of 
 time and attention to his diversified business, Mr. Meyer has creditably filled the offices of Alderman. 
 Supervisor and Mayor, wa-s. Delegate at large to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia, and 
 organized and was the means of building the Northwiestern Union Railroad, of which he was President 
 three years, and is still a Director. Mr. Meyer was married, in August, 1852, to Miss Elizabeth Has ; 
 they have five children — Julius P., who is manager of the Chicago branch of his father's business ; Her- 
 man P., -who is engaged for his father at Hermansville, Mich., after whom the place was named and of which 
 he is Postmaster; Minnie H., Emma and Louise. 
 
 CHARLiKIS W. MIHILLN, manager of Fond du Lao« Building Association ; was born in 
 Essex Co., N. Y. in 1849 ; in 185(j, he with his parents moved to Medina Co., Ohio; two years after, his 
 father died, leaving him without any means of support, save that of his own hands; when a boy, he 
 worked on a farm during the summer, and attended school some in the winter; from Ohio in 1864, he 
 came to Michigan, and worked on a farm most of the time till 18G9, when he came to Fond du Lac and 
 began work for Mr. U. D. Mihills, in a lumber-yard ; he soon became foreman in the yard and retained 
 that position for about five years, after which he ran a lumber-yard for P. Simple, for one year; in 1876, 
 he became a stock-holder in and manager of the Fond du Lac Building Association ; he is also a breeder 
 of Mambrino horses and Jersey cattle. In 1875, he married Miss Ella E. Collins, of Plymouth, Sheboy- 
 gan Co., Wis., she is a member of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 CirUINDOX N. MIHlLLiS, manufacturer; was born at Wilmington, Essex Co., N. Y., Jan. 
 13, 1847 ; came to Fond du Lac in 18(i5, and engaged in the manufacture and sale of lumber, which he 
 has since followed; he is now Vice President, Secretary and Superintendent of the Mihills Manufacturing 
 Co., which employs about one hundred and sixty men in the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds and mold- 
 ings. Mr. M. .was married in December, 1870, to Mary L. Peck, who died June 29, 1874, leaving one 
 child, Grace L., born Aug. 9, 1873; he married a second time, April 27, 1876, to Mrs. Harriet Antoin- 
 ette Denzer, daughter of John W. Carpenter, of Pine River, Wis., and grand-daughter of Edward Pier, 
 deceased ; she has one child by a former husband. 
 
 LIRIAH 1). MIHILIvS is a native of the town of Tukcley, Sliefi"erd Co., Lnwer Canada, born 
 May 7, 1818; received a common-school education; came to the State of Wisconsin in 1854, settled in 
 Dodge Co., where he flirmed one year, after which he moved to Hartford, Washington Co., Wis., and 
 then was engaged in farming and lumbering till the spring of 1865 ; removing thence to Fond du Lac, 
 where he engaged more extensively in the lumbering and manufacturing business; Mr. Mihills was a 
 member of the County Board of Supervisors of Essex Co., N. Y., during the years 1851-52-53; was 
 appointed County Supervisor by Gov. Fairchild in 1869 ; was elected Alderman and Supervisor from the 
 Fifth Ward in the city of Fond du Lac in 1870; was chosen Chairman of the County Board of Super- 
 visors in the same year; was elected a member of the State Legislative Assembly in 1869, and was 
 appointed by the Governor a member of the Committee to visit the charitable and benevolent institutions 
 of the State; in October, 1876, was appointed by Gov. Fairchild as a delegate to the Commercial Conven- 
 tion at Cincinnati ; in 1870, was again elected a member of the State Legislature on the Republican 
 ticket by 122 majority ; in 1871, was elected for the third time wiih a majority of 169 ; was Chairman of 
 the Committee on Lumber and Manufactures while in the Legislature ; in November, 1873, was appointed 
 Director of the State Prison, but declined to accept, and Wm. E. Smith was appointed in his stead. 
 Sept. 12, 1839, he married Miss Caroline Partridge, daughter of Reuben Partridge, of Essex Co., N. Y. ; 
 they have had nine children — Persis A., now Mrs. Johnson, of Columbia Co., Wis. ; Myra J., now Mrs. 
 
840 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Temby. of Dallas, Tex. ; G. N., of Fond du Lac ; Francis C, now Mrs. Bishop, of Kansas City, Mo. ; 
 Uriah D., Jr , Emma M., Norris D., H. William and H. Lillian. 
 
 WILLIAM B. 9IILLER was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., Nov. 24, 1832; resided there 
 until 10 years old, then came to Waupun, Wis., with his parents ; in 18.5U, he removed to Waupaca, and 
 iu 1866, came to Fond du Lac, eni^aged in wagon-making until 1868, and than engaged in the manufact- 
 ure of sash, doors and blinds until 1877, when he began the manufacture of agricultural implements. He 
 was married at Waupaca, April, 1859, to Mary Ann Dickinson, born in Scotland, March, 1842 ; they 
 have one child — Oletta L. 
 
 JOSEPH MITCHELL, druggist, of the firm of Ditter & Mitchell; was born at Green 
 Bay, Wis., May 20, 18.51 ; lived twelve years in Oshkosh ; came to Fond du Lac Sept. 12, 1871, where 
 he has since resided ; Mr. M. followed the business of a grocer the first three years after coming to Fond 
 du Lac, and began the drug business in September, 1877. 
 
 BEX^JAMIX^ F. MOORE, manufacturer: was born at Clinton, Kennebeck Co., Me., where 
 he learned the printor'.s trade ; he removed to Philadelphia in 1833, remaining there six years, after which 
 he lived a short time in New York City, coming to Taycheedah in September, 1841, and to Fond du Lac 
 in 1846 ; Mr. M. at first engaged in Lidia,n trading; built the first mill on the Wolf River in 1843 ; sent 
 the steamer Manchester up that stream the first time any craft ever ascended it, and brought down the 
 first raft in the fall of 1843 ; in 1852, he began steamboating on Lake Winnebago, controlling seven 
 steamboats and all the barges and other boats, until 1857; Mr. Moore was engaged in lumbering until 
 1856, and in real estate most of the time since 1846 ; he was interested in the old Bank of the Northwest, 
 and also in the First National Bank until 1874; during that year, he purchased with A. G. Buggies, the 
 La Belle Wagon Works, and eiirht months later, became sole proprietor ; in 1879, a stock company was 
 formed, of which B. F. Moore is Pre-ident; A. L. Moore, Vice President and Superintendent; James H. 
 Farnsworth, Secretary, and C. H. Moore, Treasurer ; the factory employs about two hundred men and 
 turns out twenty wagons per day; Mr. Moore also owns a large hotel at London, Canada; he has held 
 Various county and city offices. 
 
 MARCJL'IS H. MOORE, lumber manufacturer; was born at Montgomery, Hampden Co., 
 Mass , July 15, 1825 ; his mother died when he was 5 years of age, after which he was without a perma- 
 nent home, although residing eight years with an aunt at Lowville, N. Y. : at the age of 16, he returned 
 to Massachusetts and engaged in business for himself as fiirmerand dealer in lumber, which was abandoned 
 at 21 for the carpenter's trade ; this he followed several years, working two years at pipe-organ building 
 in Westfield, Mass., after which, in 1853, he began the business in that city of a fiuioy dry-goods mer- 
 chant, following it uninterruptedly for ten years; in 1864, Jlr. M. came to Fond du Lac, and arranged 
 for the purchase of a half-interest in the Crane saw-mill, which is still owned and run by him in company 
 with C. A. Galloway ; he then returned for his family, and has since resided in this city, carrying on the 
 business of a lumberman in all its branches. Mr. Moore was first married at Southampton, Mass., Jan. 
 4, 1849, to Cordelia T., daughter of Theodore Bascom ; she diad Sept. 1, 1850, leaving one child who 
 died April 7, 1858, aged 8 years; he married a second time at Keene, N. H., Nov. 26, 1853, to Elida 
 Thatcher; they have four children — Minnie Klida, born Aug. 21, 1861 ; Henry Warren, born Sept. 21, 
 1863; Eddie M., born Sept. 26, 1868, and Freddie M., born Dec. 16, 1870. Mr. Moore never had the 
 important advantages of a collegiate education, and has hewed his own way to his present high social and 
 business position, unaided ; he is in every sense of the term, a self-made man. 
 
 SAMUEL p. MORSE, foreman in the blacksmith department of the La Belle Wagon Works, 
 is a native of New York State; was born in 1842; in 1843, came to Wisconsin, and settled at Waukesha 
 for four years ; then, with his parents, moved to Chester, Dodge Co., where he lived on a farm till about 
 1852; he then moved to VVaupun, Fond du Lac Co., where he began and worked at his trade till 1864; 
 he next went to llipon, and followed his trade there until 1867, when he came to Fond du Lac, and 
 worked in the blacksmith shops of the La Belle Wagon Works, till the spring of 1873; in the spring of 
 1878, he took a contract to build spring wagons for Fish Brothers & Co., of Racine, which gave him 
 employ for about eighteen months ; in October, 1874, he returned to Fond du Lac and was again employed 
 in the blacksmith shop of the La Belle Wagon Works, and in 1875, he was appointed foreman of the shop 
 In 1865, he married Miss Cynthia J. Stockton, of Brandon, Wis. ; they have four children — Jessie M., 
 Ella C, Bessie and Mable. Mr. Morse has been a member of the I. 0. O. F. since 1862 ; was a member 
 of the City Council from the Third Ward in the city of Fond du Lac during the years 1877-78. 
 
 LOITIS MUENTER, cashier of the German-American Savings Bank ; was born at Rostock, 
 Mecklenlnirg, Germany, Feb. 7, 1840, whence he cume to Beaver Dam, Wis., in August, 1864, where he 
 resided four years, three years of which he was a clerk, and one year a member of the mercantile firm of 
 
FOND DU LAC. 841 
 
 Krueger & Co.; in February, 1SIJ8, he came to Fond tlu Lac and engasjed for nine months in the real- 
 estate and loan business; after that, for two years he was in the dry-goods business with John Sewell & 
 Co., until he entered the firm of Walliehs & Muenter, in the grocery business, which continued until 
 March 31, 1S7<5, when he entered the German-American Savings Bank as assistant cashier, but is now 
 cashier. He was married at Fond du Lac, in April, 1867, to Alwine Rueping, a native of Essen, Prus- 
 sia ; they have six children— Bertha, Louis, Meta, Otto, Johanna and Alma. Mr. M. is a member of 
 Darling Chapter, Fond du Lac Commandery, and of the Masonic Lodge. 
 
 PATRICK NAKY, contractor; was born in County Mayo, parish of Armagh, Ireland, April 
 7, 1S38, and came to America, locating at Georgetown, Mass., Dec. 2, 1854; lie lived there one year, at 
 Lynn two years, and in Cambridgeport until coming to Fond du Lac Aug. 2, 1861, where he at once 
 engaged as a contractor and builder of all descriptions of brick, stone and masonry work, which business 
 he has since continuously followed ; Mr. N. has spent some time in traveling in various parts of the world, 
 living twelve years in London, Eng., before coming to America. He was married at Lynn, Mass., Nov. 
 29, 1856, to Elizabeth Maloy, who was born in County Donegal, L-eland ; they have six children living — 
 Catherine N., James H., Daniel, John T,, Mary and Francis P.; they have lost three— Thomas, George 
 and Matthew. Mr. N. is Alderman of the Second Ward, Vice President of St. Patrick's Benevolent 
 Societv, and a member of St. Joseph's Temperance Society. 
 
 lifEWELL XltJ-HTlNGAIiE, accountant and cashier in the office of C. J. L. Meyer's 
 sash, door and blind manufactory ; is a native of Fond du Lao Co., Wis., born in 1853 ; received his early 
 education in the public schools of Fond du Lac, after which he attended Douglas University, at Chicago, 
 for nearly two years ; returning to Fond du Lac, he graduated at De Land's Commercial College in 1870 ; 
 his first employment was in 1871 in D. C. Lamb's real-estate, abstract and insurance office; from 1872 to 
 
 1875, he was employed in Fond du Lac Paper Mill; in 1875, he became accountant and cashier for 
 Mihills Manufacturing Company, which position he held till December, 1878; in January, 1879, he was 
 employed by Mr. Meyer as accountant and cashier. Mr. Nightingale has been a Mason since 1876, 
 Knight of Pythias since 1876, and is also a charter member of Royal Arcanum. 
 
 JIATHIAS li. XORM.-^.N, book-keeper in Hamilton's lumber office ; was born in Norway 
 in 1843; in 1863, he entered the .Military School of Norway, graduating with ths class of 1S6S, after 
 which he served as sergeant in the army of that country for one year; in 1869. he came to La Cro.s3e, 
 Wis.: thence to Madison, where he studied civil engineering in the University of Wisconsin for four years ; 
 In 1876, he came to Fond du Lac and was engaged in surveying the F., A. & B. R. R. for one year ; 
 since October, 1877, he has been employed as bookkeeper in the lumber office by Mr. A. K. Hamilton. 
 Mr. N. is a charter member of the Royal Arcanum, of Fond du Lac ; also a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 STEPHEN OBERREfCH, proprietor of Lewis House; was born in Germany in 1828; 
 came to America in 1851, and settled at Sheboygan; from there he soon moved to Milwaukee, and fol- 
 lowed the tinsmith's trade, which he had learned in Germany; in 1854, he returned to Sheboygan, and, 
 in August of the same year, came to Fond du Lac, where he followed his trade till 1875, when he began 
 keeping the Lewis House. In 1854, he married Sliss Catharine Helmer, of Fond du Lac, she being a 
 native of Germany also; the children are Herman, Oscar, Lewis, Ernest and Julius. Mr. Oberreich was 
 a member of the School Board in 1870 and 1871 ; has been a Mason since 1865. 
 
 WILLIAM H. A. OESTERREICH, miller; was born in Pru.ssia July 5, 1844; came 
 to America in 1866, to Watertown, Wis., and from there to Fond du Lac; he learned milling when 14 
 years of age; has been seven years in the Galloway JMills. He was married, Feb. 27, 1875, to Lizzie 
 Krumer, burn in Germantown, Milwaukee Co., Wis. they have two children — Carrie May, born May 4, 
 
 1876, and Edward, born Sept. 2, 1878. 
 
 CHARLEIS OL9I, machinist; is a son of Charles and Caroline 01m; born in Berlin, Prussia, 
 in 1839 ; in 1856, in his native city, he entered upon a three-years apprenticeship at his trade ; after this, 
 for the next three years, he carried on a machinist business for himself in Harrisburg, Prussia ; then, faith- 
 ful to his country, he joined the Prussian Army and served as a soldier for four and one-half years ; in 
 1867, he came to Chicago, where for one year he was employed as machinist in McCormick's Reaper 
 Manufactory ; thence, in 1868, he removed to Fond du Lac, where he has since been in the employ of C. 
 J. L. Meyer, as machinist, in his door, sash and blind factory ; by his careful management, industry and econ- 
 omy, he has saved from his earnings money enough to purchase a house and lot on Main street, opposite 
 the fair ground. In 1865, he was married to Miss Mary, daughter of Edward and Caroline Menge, of 
 Posen, Prussia; they have four children — Lena, Max, Oscar and Charles. Mr. and Mrs. Olm are mem- 
 bers of the Lutheran Church. 
 
842 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 WARREN P. OTT ARSON, joinor and carpenter ; is a native of Bradford Co., Penn.; bom 
 in 1838; came to Wisconsin and settled at Fond du Lac in 185ti, where he followed farming till 1861, 
 when he enlisted in Co. A, 3d W. V. I.; was in the battles of Winchester and Chanoellorsville, losing in 
 the latter a finger from his right hand; he was then sent to Carver Hospital, at Washington, D. C., 
 whence he was transferred to the 2d Battalion, Invalid Corps, where he served the remainder of his term 
 of enlistment, which expired in June, IStJ-l, after which he returned to Fond du Lac, and, in November 
 of the same year, re-enlisted in Co. B, 1st W. V. C, where he served till the clo.se of the war: the last 
 military act of his regiment being in a detachment to assist in the capture of Jeff Davis, which occurred 
 at Irwinville, Ga., May 9, 1865 ; his regiment was mustered out of service at Edgeville, Tenn., in 1865, 
 when he returned to Fond du Lac and began the carpenter and joiner's trade, which he has followed most 
 of the time since. In September, 18(!5, he married Miss Catherine Abbs, daughter of William E. Abbs, 
 of Fond du Lac ; they have one daughter — Lizzie B., born in July, 186(>. Mrs. Ottarson has an interest 
 in a greenhouse, with her father, at No. 150 West Division street. 
 
 JOHN PAAS, farmer. Sees. 30, 15 and 17 ; P. 0. Fond du Lac; a son of John and Mary 
 Paas, of Prussia ; his father being a native of France, and his mother of Prussia ; John spent much of his 
 boyhood at work in a small vineyard owned by his father; in 1844, he went to France, where he spent a 
 short time at farming, then returned to his home and spent about eight months more in his fother's vine- 
 yard ; in 1847, he returned a second time to France, and continued his stay for about a year before he 
 returned to Prussia; in 1850, he set sail for America, and landed in New York in August of that year ; 
 thence, in September, to Oshkosh, where he spent the winter ; in the spring of 1857, he removed to the 
 city of Fond du Lac, where he soon began keeping hotel, which he continued for about four years ; in 
 1854, he purchased a farm of fifty acres in the town of Lamartine, which he controlled in connection with 
 his work at the Fond du Lac House in the city ; in July. 1870, he bought the " Four Mile " House, of 
 which he was proprietor for eiiiht years ; then changed it into a private residence, where he still makes his 
 home. He was married to Miss Catharine, daughter of John and Anna C. Orleges. of Fond du Lac, in 
 November, 1853, she being a native of Germany ; they have three children — John H. (now a teachi-r of 
 Fond du Lac Co.). Julia (deceased), Regina. They are members of St. Mary's Catholic Church. 
 
 CHRISTIAN F. PADE, foreman on the first floor in C. J. L. Meyer's sash, door and blind 
 factory ; is a native of Prussia, where he was born in 1832 ; he learned the cabinet-maker's trade, which he 
 followed there till 1852, when he emigrated to America and settled at Fond du Lac in the same year; here 
 he followed the carpenter and joiner's trade till 1862, when he was employed by Mr. Meyer, as foreman of 
 the sawing and planing department of the sash, door and blind factory. In 1854 he married Miss 
 Paulena Arns, of Fond du Lac, she being a native of Holstein, Germany, born in 1833 ; they have four 
 children — Bertha, Herman, Henry and Minnie. The family are all members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 SPENCER PAL^UER, printer; was born at Lodi, Wis., July 7, 1849; in 1850, went with 
 his parents to Ourtowu, Sheboygan Co.; lived there five years, at Cascade three years, at Dundee, in this 
 county, two years, and then settled at W^aucousta; in 1870, Mr. P. began the printer's trade, and has fol- 
 lowed it most of the time since, spending one year in Appleton before coming to Fond du Lac ; he is now 
 proprietor of a job printing office on First street. He was married at Huntington, Ind., Feb. 12, 1875, 
 to Lillie E. Varne3-, born in Vermont ; they have one child — Gracie E. 
 
 ARTHL'R O. PARKER, superintendent of Sherry's saw-mill, also general agent for the 
 counties of Fond du Lac, Winnebago and Sheboygan, for the sale of white bronze monuments, manufact- 
 ured at Bridgeport, Conn., by Schuyler, Parsons, London & Co.; is a native of the East Province of 
 Quebec, (Canada, where he was born in 1836; came to Wisconsin in 1857, and settled in Washington 
 Co., where he followed saw-milling f)r two years ; thence he went to California in 1850; in 1867 he 
 returned to Wisconsin and settled at F(md du Lac, where he has since been mostly engaged in lumbering 
 and saw-milling. In 1867 he married Miss Caroline Kneeland, of Hartford, Wis.; they have three 
 children — Charles A., Edna E. and Andrew A. Mr. Parker has been a member of the Royal Arcanum 
 since Jan. 1, 1879. 
 
 FRANCIS F. PARSONS, market gardener and small-fruit grower, a son of John and Eliza- 
 beth Parsons; born in Bridgewater, England, March 25, 1830; in August, 1843, he, with parents, landed 
 in New York, as immigrants to America — thence to Mackinaw, where they intended to take the boat for 
 Racine, Wis.; the boat having left before they could reach it, they took passage on another f)r Green Bay, 
 where his father purchased an Indian pony and took the trail for Fond du Lac ; here he made the acquaint- 
 ance of Dr. Darling, by whom he was induced to make this his home ; he entered 120 acres in the town 
 of Byron, where he with his two sons immediately began building a log house; having got the work fairly 
 started, he left his boys to complete it while he returned to Green Bay for the rest of his family ; returning 
 
FOND DU LAC. 843 
 
 with them before the house was finished, they improvised things as best they could ; here Francis made 
 his home for some time; his first business was that of a local agent at Fond du Lac, for the \Vi.«consin 
 Stage Company; he next was in the employ of the American Express Company; in 1858, he bouiiht a 
 farm of 100 acres in the town of Byron, on which he made his home till 1803, when he removed to the 
 city of Fond du Lac, and there kept a flour and feed store for three years; in 1865, he purchased a farm 
 of fifteen acres in Sec. 10, town of Fond du Lac, joining the city limits, where he is now engaged in mar- 
 ket gardening and small-fruit growing. Jan. 6, 1857, he married Mi.ss Sarah, daughter of Riley and 
 Mary Shepard, who died in January, 18G3. He was married to Miss Hattie, daughter of Johannie and 
 Elizabeth Bevier, of Fond du Lac, in March, 1864, she being a native of Elmira, but immigrated to this 
 State with parents in 184-t; they have two sons, Harry and Frank. Mr. Parsons and wife are members 
 of the Methodist Church. Mr. P. is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 BE\JA]IIIX STOCKTON PATTY, son of John Patty and Sarah Stockton, was born at 
 Auburn, N. Y., Nov. 6, 1815; after completing his education at the best schools in that part of the State, he 
 entered the emplovment of his father, who was the most extensive tanner in that section of the country. 
 In that early day transportation was done by teams, and in this way he traveled through New York, Penn- 
 sylvania and Canada, selling goods and attending to collections; later, devoting a portion of his time to 
 farming, but still attending to his father's collections. Oct. 28, 1839, he married Susannah Y. Blythe, 
 daughter of George Blythe and Margaret Patty, of Ithaca, N. Y. After his marriage, Mr. Patty devoted 
 his entire time, for a number of years, to farming at Little Sodus Bay, N. Y.; in 1S50, he moved into the 
 town, and, besides the charge of two large farms, took the contract fur grading the Auburn & Sodus Bay 
 R. R., at the same time ent-^ring into the hotel business at that place — -this was his first experience as a 
 " host." In 1855, he moved to Woodstock, McHenry Co., 111., which was at that time the terminus of 
 the Chicago & North- Western Ry.; there he took the Woodstock House and established its reputation as 
 the leading hotel in Northern Illinois. In 1860, he moved still further north to Fond du Lac, Wis., at 
 that time a place of about five thousand inhabitants, Oshkosh being then the northern terminus of the 
 railroad ; still pursuing the hotel business, to which he found himself particularly adapted, he leased the 
 Lewis House, which then stood on the ground now occupied by the Patty House; in 1863, he purchased 
 the property. Four years later, the Lewis House was destroyed by fire, but before it was fairly consumed 
 Mr. Patty had planned the erection of the finest hotel in this part of the country, and, without waiting for 
 the embers to cool, he commenced clearing away the debris and perfecting the plans of the present Patty 
 House, which he opened to the public June 9, 1868. He lived to enjoy this result of his labors for three 
 j'ears, dispensing the hospitalities of the house with that open hand and genial manner which won the 
 friendship of whoever came within his doors. Mr. Patty felt a justifiable pride in the completion of this 
 undertaking, the result of his own efforts and enterprise, placing him a> it did in the front rank of the hotel 
 men of the Northwest. But, beyond this, he felt he had done something for the credit and benefit of 
 Fond du Lac. Strangers coming inui a place are, to a very great extent, impressed favorably or otherwise 
 by the appearance and treatment of the hotels. This was Mr. Patty's thought, and he felt that in build- 
 ing the Patty House he had added to the architectural attractions of the place, and had provided accom- 
 modations that would make the town attractive to every stranger who came hither ; thus, in constructing the 
 Patty House, he aided materially in bringing P^ond du Lac into good repute, and, probably, no one enterprise 
 was ever started and completed in this city that gave a greater impetus to the city's reputation than the erec- 
 tion of this mammoth and imposing hostelry. He was not long permitted to enjoy the fruits of his anxious 
 care and indomitable labors, for, on the 25th of January, 1871, he was suddenly stricken down with dropsy 
 of the heart, and expired on the 28th, after an illness of but three days. So, after an honorable, active 
 and useful career, he departed this life at the early age of 55, leaving behind him a host of mourning 
 friends, a wife and three children. The family now consists of Mrs. Susannah Y.Patty, Margaret H. (now 
 Mrs. O. D Siekler, of Redwood Falls, Minn.), Georsie H. and John R. Patty — the firmer residing with 
 her sons, who are still keeping the Patty House at Fond du Lac. As a man, Mr. Patty possessed, in a 
 marked degree, those qualities which endear men to their fellows; no man in the community was more 
 loved and respected by all than he ; he was the friend of any one who stood in need ; his doors were always 
 wide open to the distre.s.sed, and he gave with a generous hand to any cause that appealed to his sym- 
 pathies ; liberal in his subscriptions and support of the various denominations of the church, he confined 
 his generosity to no seat or creed. As a citizen, neighbor, friend, husband and father he richly won this 
 proudest epitaph ; '• Take him fir all in all, he was a man." 
 
 CjtEORGE H. patty, of the firm of Patty Bros., proprietors of the Patty House; was 
 born at Sodus Bay, Cayuga Co., N. Y., Oct. 9, 1844; son of Benjamin S. Patty, who built the present 
 Patty House ; he came to Fond du Lac in 1860 ; was in the hotel business with his father for some years ; 
 
844 BIOGKAPiriCAL SKETCHES: 
 
 proprietor of a livery stable three years prior to 1871 ; and in Aup;ust, 1873, became one of the proprietora 
 of the Patty House. He was married at Fond du Lac, March, 1S72, to Kate Seaver, a native of Janes- 
 ville, Wis.; they have one daughter, Alice. 
 
 ANDRKW PAYNE, livery stable proprietor ; was born in Warminster, England, Feb. 11, 
 1815 ; came to America,, to Prescott, Canada, in 1828 ; he was engaged in sailing upon the lakes fourteen 
 years ; was master of a vessel two years ; came to Sheboygan, Wis., in 184:6, where he engaged in the grocery 
 business; lived next at Sheboygan Falls two years, and then came to Fond du Lao in 1861, and engaged 
 in the livery business; Mr. P. is the oldest man in that business in the city; he started a trunk fiictory 
 in 18G7, which he sold to D. C. Lang in 187-1. He wjs married in (libbsville, Sheboygan Co., Feb. 25, 
 1847, to Maria Johnson, a native of New York. 
 
 A. T. PERKINS, of the firm of Perkins & Clement, proprietors of the Pond du Lac Spring- 
 Wagon Co.; was born at Celts' Mills, Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1839 ; came to Fond du Lac in 1856, and 
 clerked in a grocery store for two years ; he then went into the bakery and confectionery business under 
 the name of Perkins & Morrison, which continued for three years, when he bought out Mr. Morrison and 
 continued the business alone till 1865 ; disposing of his bakery business, he next ran a transfer line in the 
 city till 1874 ; he then became a member of the present firm. In 1862, he married Miss Lizzie Dew- 
 rose, daughter of Charles Dewro.se, a farmer of Omro, Winnebago Co., Wis.; she died in 1864, leaving 
 one son, Charles. Oct. 15, 1-68, he married Miss Jemima Lewis, daughter of William Lewis, molder, 
 of Oshkosh ; they have one child, Hattie. Mr. P. has been a Mason since 1864. He and his wife are 
 members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 HOIV. 4](EOKCirE PERKINS, County Judge; was born at Montrose, Susquehanna Co., 
 Penn., May 8, 1820, whence he removed to Luzerne Co. in that State, and to Ripon, Wis., in 1855 ; the 
 next year he entered the mercantile business at Brandon, Wis., but returned to Ripon in 1858, where he 
 practiced law until he enlisted in Co. B, 41st W. V. L, in the spring of 1864, as Second Lieutenant; 
 he was mustered out as such ; he returned to Ripon, and in 1864 was elected District Attorney ; he then 
 removed to Fond du Lac, where he has since resided, holding the oflBce of District Attorney six years ; 
 City Comptroller one year, and County Judge since 1877. He was married in Connecticut to Abby Per- 
 kins, a native of that State, by whom he had three children — Eleanor P., now Mrs. H. J. Gerphoide, and two 
 who are deceased. He was married^a second time, June, 1870, at Windham, Conn., to Emeline Larrabee, 
 a native of that place ; they have three children — George B., Fannie G. and Jed B. While at Ripon, 
 Judge P. was City Clerk one term, and is now Trustee of the Fond du Lac Public Library. 
 
 JAMES B. PERRY, bank cashier; was born at Green Bay, Wis., Aug. 25, 1835, and came, 
 with his parents, Nathaniel and Margaret Perry, to Taycheedah in 1842 ; at the age of 14, Mr. P. entered 
 the Register's office, in which he remained six years, being deputy several years ; in May, 1855, he 
 became connected with the Bank of the Northwest, in which he was book-keeper, teller, assistant cashier 
 and cashier, continuing with the concern when it was re-organized into the present First National Bank, and in 
 which he has been cashier since 1866 and Director since 1875. Mr. Perry is one of the most active 
 members of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, in which he has been Senior Warden ten yearS, and is now the 
 Treasurer of the Diocese of Fond du Lac. He was married, at Fond du Lac, Sept. 26, 1864, to Clara 
 N., daughter of Wm. and P. N. Carey ; they have two boys, aged, respectively, 13 and 7 years. 
 
 JOHN CXITZ PERRY' was born at Green Bay, Wis., April 10, 1831; lived there with 
 his father. Nathaniel Perry, until 1837, when the family moved to Winnebago Rapids, now Neenah ; in 
 1842, Mr. Perry moved to Taycheedah, Fond du Lac Co., where he kept hotel and resided until his death 
 in 1850. Mrs. Perry, J. C.'s mother, died two weeks after the burial of her husband. J. C. Perry 
 began clerking in a store at Neenah in 1848, where he remained until 1860. In November, 1861, he 
 enlisted in Co. K., 11th W. _V. I., and served three and one-half years in that regiment, most of the time 
 in detached service; from July, 1862, he was in the Brigade Quartermaster's department; after being 
 mustered out in 1865, Mr. Perry returned to Neenah, but, soon after, returned to Louisville, Ky., and 
 remained four months in the Quartermaster's department; in the fall of lSl)6, engaged in the banking 
 business with Rudolph Ebert, at Fond du Lac, establi.'ihing the German American Savings Bank ; in Jan- 
 uary, 1880, Mr. Perry severed his connection with this bank and entered the First National Bank of Fond 
 du Lac, as correspondent. He was married, June 22, 1856, at Neenah, to Miss Susan A. Jones; they 
 have three children — C. L., now Mrs. W. I. Way, of Topeka, Kan.; C. Frederick and Susie A., who live 
 at home. 
 
 MARTIN PETRIE, proprietor freight line; was born in Prussia July 19, 1830; came to 
 Calumet, this county, with his parents, in 1847 ; came from there to Fond du Lac in 1852, and, for 
 four years, was engaged in freighting between this place and Milwaukee; now he is engaged in the local 
 
rOND DU LAC. 845 
 
 freight business. Mr. P. was married, at Fond du Lac, IMay 6, 1854, to Martha Trautlifetter, born in 
 Saxony ; they have four children — Emma F., William J., Edwin J. and Nettie. He is a luiunber of the 
 Odd Fellows Loiltre, and, for several years, was connected with the German-English Acadeniv. 
 
 C. J. PETTIBONE, dry-goods merchant. 
 
 WM. MICHAEL PHELA]V, son of Michael Phelan and Martha Colclongh, farmer ; born 
 April 27, 1819, at trore's Grove, County Kilkenny, Ireland; received a liberal education at a select school, 
 under Prof. Campion; at 16 years of age was apprenticed in a general mercantile house, in the city Kil- 
 kenny, for a term of five years; after three years returned to the farm ; was enrolled for military conscrip- 
 tion during the Papineau or Patriot War, in Canada, in the year 1838 ; was then apprenticed to a civil 
 engineer and surveyor named Lehy, in Thurless, County Tipperary, where he studied the higher mathe- 
 matics, Euclid, etc.; both parents dying, returned to the farm and made agriculture — Vjoth practical and 
 theoretical — and agricultural chemistry, his study and occupation for eight years, with much success ; in the 
 years 18-13-45, took an active part in the repeal agitation and O'Connell monster meetings ; in August, 
 1846, joined Smith O'Brien, Meigher and the Young Ireland party ; became a revolutionist and assisted 
 in the formation of clubs ; after the fiasco in 1848, left the country and came to the United States, via 
 Dublin and Liverpool, arriving at Fond du Lac Village Aug. 8, 1850, where he permanently settled, 
 buying some lots in the village and a farm in the town of Eldorado; the first house he built was in what 
 is now the Fifth Ward, in 1851. Was married in the city of Buffalo, June 22, 1853, to Margaret, 
 daughter of Michael and Honoria M. Norton, born in Forkhili, near Gores Grove, parish of Crane, County 
 Kilkenny. Ireland, by whom he had seven children — five boys and two girls, all born in Fond du Lac. 
 The subject of this sketch worked as a carpenter and joiner and general contractor until opening a 
 grocery store in one of his buildings, No. 377 Main street ; also built and opened a flour and feed store, 
 No. 300 Main street, in the year 1877 ; also served the city in various capacities; was elected Street Com- 
 missioner in 1853; Alderman in 1854-56 and 1862; as City or Ward Assessor about eighteen years; 
 served as member of the County Board, School Commissioner, etc.; was elected some twenty-five times to 
 various ofiices in the city, and last year, 1879, as City Assessor and School Commissioner. 
 
 C. P. PHEIjPS, insurance agent ; was born at Ira, Cayuga Co., N. Y., Nov. 23, 1812 ; moved 
 in 1842, to Mt. Pleasant, Racine Co., Wis., and, in 1845, to Section 34, Byron, where he followed farm- 
 ing until the fall of 1868, when he moved to Fond du Lac and engaged in the insurance business, which 
 he has since followed. At the organization of the town of Byron in 1846, Jlr. P. was elected Assessor, 
 and served without pay ; he held other town offices during nearly his entire residence in Byron. He was 
 married at Ira, N. Y., Aug. 31, 1836, to Polly Beach, a native of that place, born Aug. 25, 1820 ; the 
 children are Amelia (now Mrs. John Hecker, of Iowa), born May 23, 1839 ; Fernando, July 29, 1841 ; 
 Mary J. (now Mrs. A. D. Clark), Oct. 10, 1844 ; Martha (now Mrs. A. A. Shepard), July 25, 184(i, in 
 Byron ; Parah L., Aug. 4, 1848, died May 3, 1873, and Edward W., born in Byron Dec. 9, 1864. 
 
 COIi. E. Lr. PHILLIPS, retired; was born at ManHus, Onondaga Co., N. Y., Feb. 16, 
 1800 ; entered Gen. Amos P. Granger's store at Syracuse at the age of 16 ; returned to Manlius, and wiis 
 three or four years (until 1831 j in his brother's store, and then began the mercantile business for himself 
 In 1837, was elected Sheriff' of Onondaga Co., and chosen Assemblyman in 1847. After leaving the 
 Sheriff's office, he engaged in jobbing, and then took a contract with his brother and two others to build 
 sixty miles of the Great Western Railway, froiu Niagara Falls to the head of Lake Ontario ; in 1848, 
 Col. P. was appointed Canal Appraiser, serving two years ; then returned one year to the railroad con- 
 tract, which he finally sold to his partners, Oswald & Zimmerman, and contracted to build twenty-five 
 miles of the Ohio & Mississippi Railway in Ohio. Col. P. was married at Manlius, N. Y., in 1825, to 
 Harriet, daughter of- Judge Touslcy, who died six months later ; he was married again, in 1828, to Mrs. 
 Eleanor Jones, grand-daughter of John Flemming, of Maryland; she died in 1838, leaving one 
 daughter, who died in 1857. Ool. P. came to Fond du Lac in August, 1852, locating in Empire on the 
 farm now owned by Mr. Wells ; and his brother, Lyman Phillips, came at the same time ; he engaged in 
 farming about fifteen years. He was elected State Senator in 1860 ; held a Colonel's position in the 
 New York State Militia ; was Provost Marshal of this district in 1863-64, and, in 1869 or 1870, having 
 been interested in a savings bank in Syracuse, he went to Madison and secured a charter for the Fond du 
 Lac Savings Bank, and was for two years its President. Col. Phillips, though past 80 years of age, still 
 looks after his farms, which are tilled by tenants. 
 
 COL. COL WERT K. PIER. On the 7th day of June, 1841, nearly thirty-nine years 
 ago, there was a sensation in sparsely inhabited Fond du Lac. On that day, there came to Fond du Lac 
 Co. — then known as Brown Co. — the first white twins born within its borders, a boy and a girl. They 
 were gladly welcomed in the family of Edward Pier, the first white man to locate in what is now the 
 
S46 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 second city of a great State. At that time ( 1841~), there were not to exceed twenty white families in what 
 at present constitutes a county of at least fifty-five thousand inhabitants. These new-comers, these pioneer 
 twins, were named, respectively, Colwert K. and Carrie S. The baby boy of thirty- eight years ago is the 
 subject of this sketch. He has always made Fond du Lac his home and now lives on the same fiirm 
 his father commenced in ISlilJ, or forty-four years ago, and the record shows only one transaction in 
 that time, namely, from Edward Pier to Uolwert K. Pier. It is perhaps the only piece of property in the 
 entire county whose record is similarly made up. 
 
 There are at this time four members of the late Hon. Edward Pier's family, as follows : Mrs. Anna 
 P. Carpenter, wife of J. W. Carpenter, who resides at Pine River, Waushara Co., Wis.; Mrs. Ruth R- 
 Harvey, wife of L. J. Harvey, who resides in Foud du Lac, and Mrs. Carrie S. Skinner, wife of H. R. 
 Skinner, also a resident of Pond du Lie. Mrs. Carpenter taught the subject of this sketch his letters. 
 He worked on a farm during the spring, summer and autumn, and attended district school winters, until 
 he arrived at the age of 16 years. An apt scholar in all branches, he, however, excelled in mathematics, 
 composition and elocution. He was generally accorded the leadership by his associates, who usually were 
 his seniors in age. The speaking-schools and debating-clubs were places of great attraction to young Pier, 
 and he seldom attended one in which he did not participate. As a financier, Mr. Pier's first experience 
 dates back to his early boyhood, when, on election day. terms of court, circus occasions, and the Fourth of 
 July, he industriously peddled apples and pop-curn. This branch of trade, during the occasions indicated, 
 he successfully followed from the time he was 12 until he had reached the age of 16 years, at which time 
 he was sent to Lombard University, Gralesburg, 111. Having a taste for the law, he soon commenced 
 preparations to enter upon that honored profession. He studied first in the office of the late Judge Robert 
 Flint, in this city. It was while in Judge Flint's officj, industriously storing his mind with legal lore, 
 that the nation was startled by the fall of Fort Sumter, and the surrender of Maj. Anderson. The news 
 was made known in Fond du Lac through extras and from the various pulpits. On that memorable Sun- 
 day evening, young Pier and Christie Klock, a neighbor's son, spent an hour or more in discussing the 
 all-absorbing topic. At the end of that time, both had come to the conclusion that it was their duty to 
 enlist. Early Monday morning, when young Klock (since Capt. Kloek, and now a successful sheep-raiser 
 in Texas), came along, they went to the office of Col. S. E. Lefferts and signed the muster-roll. Pier's 
 name appearing first, and Klock's second. There is no record to show that he was not the first man 
 in Fond du Lac Co. to enroll his name as a volunteer in the war of the rebellion. Indeed, it may be 
 recorded that this young law-student, not yet 20 years of age, was the first in the county to oflFer his serv- 
 ices. The company was not long in filling up, and was known as Co. I, 1st W. V. I., three-months 
 men. It became a part of Maj. Gen. Patterson's army, and it was at Falling Waters that young Pier, a 
 private soldier, listened to the sonss of bullets and shell. At the end of the term for which the regiment 
 was sworn in, Mr. Pier accompanied a sick comrade to New York, and very soon afterward entered Albany 
 Law School ; from there he returned to Fond du Lac, and entered the law office of the late James M. 
 Gillet and Judge W. D. Conklin. While he made excellent progress in his studies, he nevertheless gave 
 but little time to them, being full of the war spirit, participating in all of the demonstrations and taking a 
 deep interest in the formation of every new company. While in this office, he organized a military 
 company under the State law ; the company elected him Captain. At that time the political cauldron 
 was boiling boisterously. Violent political opponents of the Captain joined in a written protest to Gov. 
 Harvey, to withhold his eommi.ssion. The contest became decidedly bitter, but the Governor sent him 
 the commission. Capt. Pier afterward organized nine other companies into a regiment whose commissioned 
 officers elected him Colonel, the Governor losing no tinje in forwarding him a commission as such. By a 
 vote of the men in this regiment, it was tendered by the Colonel to the General Government, but, suppos- 
 ing the war nearly over and no additional troops would be required, Gen. Frey declined the offer. This 
 was a sad disappointment to the boy-Colonel, for such he was, being only a little past21 years of age, and 
 in bis disappointment he was joined by his officers and men, who had become great admirers of their 
 young commander. 
 
 When General Grant assumed command of all the armies, Wisconsin was called upon for three new 
 regiments, and Governor Lewis Lssued an order for the formation of the 36th, 37th and 3Sth. By this 
 lime Col. Pier had pretty much abandoned, the idea of re-entering the service. Toward evening, one 
 day, soon after the new regiments were ordered, and while he was busily engaged in his duties, a messen- 
 ger handed him a telegram from Madison. It read : '• Will you accept a commission as Lieutenant Colonel 
 of the 38th Regiment ? Answer immediately." It was a great surprise ; ten minutes later he had found 
 his father and shown him the dispatch. After reading it and reflecting a moment, the veteran ex-Senator 
 said: " You had better hear what mother says about it; if she is willing, I will not object to your 
 

 e/- 
 
 Jk-AO 
 
 (NEW CASSEL.) 
 
FOND DU LAC. 849 
 
 accepting it." The pioueer mother was sick in bed ; the son approached her and read the dispatch ; her eyes 
 filled with tears; with a trembling voice she said: " Do as you think best, my boy; I will be satisfied 
 with your decision." In less than half an hour from the receipt of the dispatch, these words were sent to 
 tlie Governor : " I will accept." This incident was related to the writer by Col. Pier many years ago, 
 and when he reads this sketch he will Iciru for the first time th^t it was not forgotten by his friend. In a 
 few days the Lieutenant Colonel was busily engaged in organizing his new command ; many of his old 
 regiment rejoined him, and in a remarkably short space of time five full companies were ready to start for 
 the scene of action, to join the Army of the Potomac, leaving the Colonel, Adjutant and Quartermaster 
 to fill up the other companies and join them later, which they did in the fall. They joined Grant in 
 the memorable Wilderness campaign at White House Landing ; there three (consolidated) companies of 
 the gallant .Minnesota 1st were joined to his command, making it larger than almost any of the regiments 
 in that army which had been so roughly handled in the bloody contests of that year ; he was first engaged 
 at Cold Harbor, where not a few of his men gave up their lives. From that time until the surrender of 
 Gen. Lee, Col. Pier was a participant in all of Grant's battles. He fought his regiment most gallantly, 
 soon winning a reputation for coolness and undaunted bravery in action. In the never-tobe-lbrgotten 
 charges and countercharges at Petersburg, on the 18th of June, 1864, Col. Pier was grazed by a bullet 
 on the forehead, was shot in the fleshy portion of the leg, and an ugly fragment of a shell hit him on the 
 instep, the latter giving him much pain, but the three failed to drive him from the field, though the loss of 
 blood greatly weakened him. In the early Petersburg engagements his regiment met with fearful losses. A 
 shirpshooter made the Colonel his especial target one day, in front of Petersburg, but did him no more harm 
 than to shoot away one of the silver leaves on his coat. During the Weldon Kailroad fight, late in August, 
 1864, his regiment did splendid service, being at one time nearly surrounded and receiving a most galling 
 fire. It was during this battle that he received a letter from home announcing his mother's death. In an 
 engagement on the left of Petersburg, late in September, the regiment was flanked ; it was a part of the 
 force supporting a battery ; the rebels came pouring down upon the infantry at a double-quick. The 
 horses of the battery hadHed to the rear with the caissons, leaving the guns at the mercy of the enemy. 
 Seeing the danger. Col. Pier, without orders, commanded a small part of the 38th to save the guns, which 
 it did by hauling thenj away by means of the drag-ropes, while the balance of the regiment faced the on- 
 coming rebels and peppered them unmercifully. Beside saving the guns, the 38th captured several of tho 
 enemy, so close was the contest. Lieut. Col. Pier was division officer of the day, and answered the signal 
 the 20th of January, on that part of the line in front of Petersburg, when Vice President Alexander 
 Stephens and .Air. Campbell, the Confederate Commissioners, made their appearance with a flag of truce, 
 seeking entrance to our Hues on the way to meet President Lincoln, Secretary Seward and other members 
 of the Cabinet at City Point. Col. Bintliff arrived with the other five companies and assumed command 
 of the regiment ; Lieut. Col. Pier was assigned to the 109lh N. Y. V. I., they having lost all field officers. 
 This was a trying position; there never was the most cordial feeling between Wisconsin and New York 
 troops, at best. The New Yorkers were indignant, and not at all backward in making the fact known. 
 But for the fact that the new commander was soon called upon to lead his New Yorkers in a fight, where 
 his coolness and bravery were conspicuous and won for him the respect and confidence of most of the 
 officers and men, it is likely that he would have had serious trouble. As it was, he became very popular 
 with the regiment, and, at the end of the war, the officers and men presented him with a handsome horse 
 and saddle, and their pride in their Wisconsin commander was so great that they insisted on his returning 
 to Elmira with theni when mustered out. Col. Pier led this regiment in the charge on Fort Mahone, 
 at Petersburg, April 2, 1865, and was in command during the active operations of that eventful day. 
 
 When not in active campaigns, while the army was in front of Petersburg, Col. Pier was usually on 
 duty at division or corps lieadquarters, as President of a general court martial. After the regiment moved 
 to Washington, he performed similar duties at Gen. Augur's headquarters up to August, 186.'5. When 
 Col. James Bintlift' was mustered out of service. Pier was commissioned Colonel, but, owing to the lack of 
 a sufficient number of m^n, and the fact that the struggle was over, he was not mustered as such. His 
 army record is a proud one; entering the army a private in 1861, he returned to his home with honorable 
 scars, a splendid fighting record, and with a Colonel's commission in his pocket. He and the balance of 
 the regiment were mustered out on the 15th of August, 1865. That same year, he commenced the prac- 
 tice of his profession, the firm being Gillet, Conklin & Pier ; afterward Giliet & Pier ; then Gillet, Pier & 
 Bass, and then alone until 1874, when he entered the Savings Bank ; he soon took high rank as a lawyer, 
 being very successful, and winning an enviable reputation. Col. Pier was married to Miss Kate Hamilton, of 
 Fond du Lao, on the 25th of June, 1866; they have four children — Kate H., Carrie H., Harriet H. and 
 Mary H. In July, 1873, in consequence of a serious injury to his father, who was President of the Savings 
 
850 BIOGRAPHICAL SIvETCHES: 
 
 Bank, and the f\iiling health of Hon. E. H. Galloway, the Vice President, Col. Pier entered the bank. The 
 call from hi.s chosen profession to these new duties was sudden, and at a most trying time, for it will be 
 remembered that that was the year in which the distressing financial panic came ; the panic, and the death 
 of both Mr. Galloway and his father, threw an immense responsibility upon his shoulders ; the handling 
 of a half-million deposits and equal discounts, at such a time, was by no means a trifling affair ; but the 
 Savings Bank went through the great panic without a quiver. The great depression in business wa.s 
 particularly severe on Fond du Lac ; while many sought to draw their capital out, of business channels, 
 then so precarious, Col. Pier, on the contrary, tried to keep the wheels in motion and the laboring people 
 employed, and, through the Business Men's Association, which he was a leader in establishing, to unite 
 and solidity what business was left. The Mihills Jlanufacturing Company, the Fond du Lac Harrow 
 Company and the Fond du Lac Building Association gave employment to over three hundred people. But 
 for his business tact, confidence, courage and capital, it is quite safe to say that these several enterprises 
 would not have been established nor maintained, and most of these people been obliged to seek employment 
 out of the city: he and those who co-operated with him in continuing the business at so much risk, will 
 never receive the meed of praise to which they are justly entitled ; he and Jiey could have used their 
 capital at much less risk and care, and, doubtless, with more profit. Col. Pier has never been a politician, 
 in the common acceptation of the term, but on several occasions has taken an active part, on the stump 
 and in organizing for victory ; he is an easy, ple;isant and forcible speaker. He has never sought ofiice. 
 and it is not likely that he will; in politics he is a Republican. He has always taken a deep interest in 
 everything that' pertains to the welfare of the men who fought in the late war. He has been a Trustee of 
 the Soldiers' Orphans' Home a longer term than any other one, having been appointed the second year it 
 was founded and held the position ever since ; he has been Secretary for many years, and is now Vice 
 President. He is at present President of the Wisconsin Soldiers' Re-union Association, and to him, more 
 than to any other man, should be given the credit of bringing about the great Re-union and the interest 
 growing out of the subject. His pen has been tireless the past year in agitating the question that is of so 
 much interest to the old soldiers. His "Soldier Chapters," printed in the Milwaukee SanJii)/ Telegraph 
 and elsewhere, arc by far the best that have ever been produced in Wisconsin. In this connection, it is 
 proper to state that the Colonel is a good writer, as well as a thorough business man and eloquent speaker. 
 While in the tliree-months service, he wrote highly interesting letters to the Saturday Eepurtcr, of Fond 
 du Lac. In 1870, he bought a two-thirds interest in the Fond du Lac Commonivealth, and, for a year or 
 more, frequently contributed to its editorial columns. He retained an interest in the paper, as a matter of 
 accommodation, until 1874. Col. Pier is public spirited, contributes liberally to the poor, and is a warm 
 friend of all benevolent enterprises. " Act right " is his religion, and " Charity " his precept ; the balance he 
 confidently leaves to Him who doeth all things well. 
 
 JOHBf C. PIERRON. proprietor of the Fond du Lac Boiler Works ; is a native of France ; 
 born in 1829; came to America in 1848, and lived at Syracuse, N. Y., till 1851, when he returned to 
 France; remaining there about six months, he came again to Syractise, N. Y., where he lived for nearly 
 two years; in 1854, came to Milwaukee and made that his home till the spring of 1856, when he moved 
 to Fond du Lac and began boiler manufacturing, which he continued till 1858 ; he then returned to JMil- 
 waukee and worked in the shops of the jMilwaukee & La Crosse Railroad for eight months, when he came 
 again to Fond du Lac and for a short time w.is employed in the shops of the C. & N.-W. Ry., but was 
 soon transferred to the C. & N.-W. Ry. .shops at Chicago, remaining there from 1859 to 1862, when, for 
 the third time, he returned to Fond du Lac and again established the boiler works of which he has since 
 been propiietor. In 1854, ho married ^liss Adaline Prudhon, of Jlilwaukee ; they have two children — 
 Florence A. R., and John C. Mr. Pierron has been a member of the City Council from Fifth Ward ; at 
 various times member of the County Board, and was elected City Treasurer in the .spring of 1879. 
 
 E. K. POWERS, farmer ; is the son of Jonathan and R. Powers, natives of New York. E. 
 R. was born in Erie Co., N. Y., in 1836, and, at the age of 10 years, came to Fond du Lac Cu., traveling 
 the whole distance, except crossing the Lake, with a team and wagon. His intention was to settle in Win- 
 nebago Co., but after reaching it, and not being pleased with the prospects, they returned to Fond du Lac 
 July 5, 1847, and pre-empted eighty acres of land in Section 17, town of Fond du Lac, to which they 
 afterward added 120 acres. His father dying in 1868, the land has been divided amons; his heirs, of which 
 E. R. has seventy acres, valued at $75 per acre. In 1862, he married Miss Sarah, daughter of John and 
 Harriet Silver, of Michigan, but a native of Canada; they have one daughter. Rose. Mrs. Powers is a 
 member of the Baptii-t Church. 
 
 I>E WITT CLINTON PRIEST, attorney; was born in Brownville, Jefferson Co., N. 
 Y., where he lived until coming to Fond du Lac. Dec. 5, 1857; Mr. P. located on the site where his fine 
 
FOND DU LAC. 851 
 
 house now is, in 1858, and has since resided upon it, engaged continuously in the practice of law. He was 
 married, in New York, to Susan T. Joy, a native of Orleans, Jefferson Co., in that State. Thoy have two 
 children — Charles H. and Edward B. 
 
 JAMES K. PlIMPELLY", artist ; was born at Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y., April 25, 1834, 
 where he resided until coming to Fond du Lac, first on a visit in 1857, and then to establish a home in 
 1859. In 1862, Sir. P. helped raise Co. H, 32d W. V. I., of which he served as First Lieutenant two 
 years and a half, being mustered out in the fall of ] 864. After leaving the array, he engaged in farming 
 five years ; then turned his attention to art, and is now engaged in painting, making portraits in India ink 
 or colored crayon. Mr. P. was married in September, 1862, toElizaW., daughter of the late Gov. Samuel 
 W. Beall ; she was born at Cooperstown, N. Y., and her mother, the late Elizabeth Fenimore Cooper 
 Beall, was a near relative of James Fenimore Cooper; they have had one child, now deceased. 
 
 ALBERT <ir. PITRDY, lumberman ; is a native of Bennington Co., Vt.; born in 1837 ; 
 when 3 years old, with parents, Graham and Hannah Purdy, he removed to Erie Co., Penn., where he 
 spent the balance of his time till 1 8 years of age. In 1855, he came to Door Co., Wis., spent the summer, 
 and then returned to Vermont. In 1856, he came a second time to Wisconsin, and settled in the city of 
 Fond du Lac, where, for one year, he was engaged in the grocery business. He then began saw-milling 
 and lumbering, which he continued mo.st of the time till 1871. In 1862, he joined the U. S. Navy of the 
 Mississippi, under Commodore Porter, and served one year. He returned, then, to Fond du Lac, and 
 resumed his business. In 1871, he formed a copartnership with Edward Squires, and, for the next year, 
 was engaged in the manufacture of carriages. He then resumed the lumber trade, and is now operating 
 in Pierce Co., Wis. In 1858, he was married to Miss Euphemia, daughter of George H. and Mary Curtis, 
 nee Thomas, then of Outagamie Co., Wis., but a native of New York ; their children are John R. (now 
 at Oshkosh\ Albert H., Ella and Georgia. 
 
 HEXRY RAHTE, Sr., wholesale liquor dealer; born in the Kingdom of Hanover in Decem- 
 ber, 1819, where his father owned a large estate ; after attending college at Winsen, be became entry clerk 
 in a wholesale dry-goods house in the city of Hanover, where he remained four years, being afterward a 
 salesman in Brunswick, Breslau and Leipzig ; at the age of 23, he started a woolen and silk factor}' for 
 ladies' dresses, in the Kingdom of Saxony, in which he was successful, employmg as high as 500 men ; 
 when the Revolution of 1847 broke out, he was compelled to abandon his factory, and, in 1849, came to 
 America, intending to engage in farming ; after spending some time in New York and Milwaukee, he pur- 
 chased the Edward Pier farm, a portion of which is now in the fair grounds south of Fond du Lac, and, 
 after making some improvements, started a distillery the same year, 1849 ; he made whisky from wheat, 
 which he purchased of the neighboring formers at from 30 to 40 cents per bushel ; two years later, finding 
 the distillery did not pay, Mr. Rahte abandoned it and bought out Hugo Peters, next to R. A. Baker's 
 bank, and began the wholesale lit|Uor business; in 1856, he sold out to Rupp & Bro., and went to France 
 and England for the purpose of forming business connections to open a wholesale liquor house in Chicago. 
 The outlook being unsatisfactory on his return, he came to Fond du Lae and began the same business with 
 his brother-in-law, Franz Lauenstein, having a branch house at Oshkosh for one year ; at the end of two 
 years, he sold out to Mr. Lauenstein, and made a trip to Italy and Sicily, after which the two again started 
 a distillery on Ingram's place ; since that time, he has carried on the wholesale liquor business in his own 
 name. He was married in Germany, in 1844, to iMaria Lauenstein ; they have nine children, of whom 
 the oldest is 3.">. and the youngest 14 years of age. 
 
 HENRY RAHTE, Jr., was bom in Fond du Lao Feb. 15, 1851, which has always been his 
 home. He enlisted in Battery K, 1st Light Artillery, regular army, in which he served from 1867 to 
 1870 ; in the fall of 1870, he opened a beer hall, which business he has since followed. He was married 
 at Fond du Lac, July 29, 187.3, to Henrietta Pulse, born also in this city; they have two children — -Nor- 
 bert A. and Walter. Mr. Rahte is a member of the Concordia Society, Turner Society and Druids. 
 
 DON A- RAYMOND, M. D., son of Ebenezer and Rebecca Raymond ; was born at War- 
 ren, Washington Co., Vt., Sept. 10, 1818 ; educated in his native town at the academy at Montpelier, Vt , 
 and at the Randolph Academy ; in 1845, he graduated from the Castleton Medical College ; after two 
 years' practice in his native town, while settling his father's estate, he removed to Canton, St. Lawrence 
 Co., N. Y., where he remained three years, when he was appointed Surgeon of the State Prison in Clinton 
 Co., N. Y., and remained there three and a half years; in November, 1853, he removed to Wisconsin, and 
 came to Fonddu Lac in January, 1854, where he has since remained; in 1861, soon after the outbreak of the 
 war, he entered the service of the United States as Surgeon of the Scl W. V. I., acting most of the time as 
 Brigade Surgeon, however ; after one and a half year's service, his health failed, and he was compelled to 
 resign ; he returned home, and, after recruiting his health, resumed practice. In his professional capacity 
 
8f)2 DIOGRAPIIICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 ho is one of thu oldest and best exponents of the science of imdioine in this part of the State, and is justly 
 entitled to a prominent place among the best physicians ; he has performed a prodigious amount of profes- 
 sional labor ; his hoaltii has been coiisideraVily impaired by overwork, and he has been obliged to decline 
 uiucb business proifered to him. May 15, 1850, he was married to Miss Maria R. Foote, by whom he has 
 two daughters — Ella J. (now JMrs. George Frank, of Madison, Wis.) and Emma (now Mrs. Frank Knapp, 
 of Fond du Lac). Hi-i wife was born at Canton, N. Y., in Juno, 1823, and died Sept. 28, 1874. 
 
 W. A. READER, undertaker; was born at Columbus, Ohio, March 11, 1838, and came with 
 his father, A. W. Header, to Fond du Lac Sept. 24, 1855. He enlisted May 5, 1861, in Co. E, 6th W. 
 V. I. as Orderly Sergeant, but was promoted lo Fir.st Lieutenant and transferred to Co. G same regiment, 
 soon after ; be was discharged on account of sickness in November, 1862. In January, 1863, he became 
 associated wiih his father under the firm name of A. W. Header & Son, continuing with him until June, 
 1S64, since which time he has carried on the business alone. Mr. R. was married at Fond du Lac July 
 5, ISb'J, to Catherine 11., who was born in Green Bay, Wis., daughter of F. D. McCarty, one of 
 the earliest settlers of Fond du Lac, now a resident of Milwaukee; they have two children — Prank D., 
 born Aug. 13, 18(;i), and George B., Oct. 20, 1865. 
 
 JOHX W. REYX^OLDS, son of John Reynolds, a resident of the city, was born at Bow- 
 mansvillo, Erie Co., N. Y., Dec. 14, lb52 ; came with his parents to Fond du Lac when 3 years of age ; 
 the family s])ont one winter in the city and then removed to a farm, spending twelve years in Oakfield, 
 Alto and Byron, returning then to the city. John W. spent most of his time in school until beginning 
 the grocery business, which he followed seven years as a clerk and the last four years as a member of the 
 firms of Reynolds & Lee and Reynolds & Olmsted. He was married in Fond du Lao, May 1, 1878, to 
 Emma J., daudner of Jacob Ward, born in this city ; they have one sou — Wallace E., born May 
 3. 1870. 
 
 DAXBEL a. RICHARDSON, farmer; is a son of Abijah and Elisie C. Richardson, of 
 Pelhaui, Rockingham Co., N. 11. ; born May 18, 1822 ; Daniel spent the first seventeen years of his life 
 on his fatiier's fii'in, wliere he foil iwed market gardening in the city of Lowell, Mass., which was only 
 four miles distant ; in 1840, he began engineering on the railroad from Lowell to Rouse's Point, which he 
 followed f.^r more than thirteen years ; he also ran the fir4 train over the White Mountains. He is the 
 gentleman wlio first suggested the iiloa of putting the bell-cord through the cars instead of having it pass 
 over the top as it formerl}' did. In February, 1854, he came to Fond du Lac, Wis., and began engineer- 
 ing on the North-Westcrn Railroad, which be continued till 1855, at which time- he began farming, and 
 has since devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits ; he now owns 122 acres, 88 acres of which are in 
 See. 7, town of Pond du Lac, the rest being in Sec. 12 in the town of Laniartine, worth about 
 $70 per acre. April 24, 18^5, he married iMiss Mary J., daughter of Moses and Deborah Holt, of 
 Pembroke, N. II. ; they have three children — Daniel II., of Fond du Lac; Harriet JI., now Mrs. James 
 Ciirran, of Fond du Lac ; George A., wlio married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of John and Ann Searly, of 
 Fond da Lie. April 25, 1878. 
 
 ALFRED ROBBI\S, of the firm of Bullis & Robbins, livery-stable proprietors ; was bor" 
 in Fredoiiii, N. Y., whence, in 1850, he went to California, remaining there until 1859, when he came to 
 Fond du Lac ; in 18G0, he began to deal in grain, which was. continued until 1866, when he entered the 
 livery bu-ine.-^s with N. L. Bullis, which he has since continued. 
 
 CHARLES W. ROBERTSON was born in the town of Edinburg, Saratoga Co., N. ¥., 
 May 1 1, 18:1) ; resided there until he was 14 years of ago, then went with liis parents to C.inada, where 
 lie resid. d until he came to Sheboygan, \VU , in 1858 ; lived there two years, then moved to Ontonagon, 
 ]\Iic!i.. in the copper mining region, where he was engaged in dealing in groceries, provisions, etc., beside 
 carrying on a buichcring business there eight years ; he then came to Fond du Lac, arriving here in Octo- 
 ber, 18t;8; for seven years since coming bore, he was shipping stock and produce to the mining country 
 in Niirtbern Michigan ; since then he has been pressing hay and shipping it to the same region. Mr. R. was 
 married at Woodstock, Ont., in September, 1854, to Jano Beath, a native of Scotland ; they have thrae 
 ehildi'cn living — Ella M. 0., Lulu C. and Jennie M.; they lost one son, who died at Ontonagon, aged 20 
 months. 
 
 J. P. ROBLEE, retired firmer, is a son of Thomas and Laura Roblee, of Washington Co., N. 
 Y., born in December, 181'J, liis parents being descendants of the early immigrants to that county from 
 France; Jay received his early education in the di-trict .schools of his native couuty, after which ho 
 attended the academy of North Granville, N. Y.; he followed farming in Washinsrton Co. from the time 
 ho quit school until 1842, when he came to Wisconsin, and settled on a farm in Milwaukee Co. for about 
 
FOND BU LAC. 853 
 
 two years, whence, in 1845, he removed to Fond du Lae Co., and entered a farm of IGO acres in the town- 
 ship of Byron ; here, with an ox team, he broke out a small part of this firm at first, and builf a boird 
 shanty, wliicli served as a home for three years ; in 1843, he sold this farm, and bought another in the town of 
 Laraartine, makinij; the latter his home until 1854 ; he traded it for a farm of 435 acres in Sees. 19, 20 and :!0 
 in Fond du Lac Township; here he continued his agricultural pursuits until 1874, when he retired from 
 active life and moved to the city of Fond du Lac. He was married, April 11,184G, in the town of Laniarline, 
 to Miss Eliza, daughter of Watiton and Fannie Hall, of Hartford, Washington Co., N. Y.; they have had 
 four children — E. Jane (now Mrs. David Downing, of Fond du Lac), Joseph F. (who married Miss Effie 
 Crofoot. daughter of Alva Crofoot), Laura A. (deceased), and Ellen N. Mr. Koblee and family are 
 members of the Methodist Church. 
 
 FELilX ROIMwKRS, boot and shoe maker, was born in Ireland June 4, 1824; learned his 
 trade in his native country, and came to America in 1850; settled at Dover, N. J., where he resided until 
 1852, when he moved to Fond du Lac; in ISGl, he enlisted in Co. C, 17th W. V. I.; was discharged at 
 Corinth, Miss., on account of disability, after which he returned to Fond du Lac, and for two years and six 
 months did nothing, on account of ruined health caused by exposure while in the army. He married Mii-s 
 Catharine Durkin'of Fond du Lac, Jan. 2, 1855, who died Feb. 27, 1867, leaving two children — Ann 
 and Felix. Nov. 15, 1875, he married Mrs. Jane Galvin, by whom he has one daughter — Mary Ann. 
 Mr. Rodgers is a member of St. Patrick's Catholic Church, also a member of the Total Abstinence Society 
 connected with his church; he owns some property, and his wife owned some in the city before their 
 marriage. 
 
 WILLiIASl ROLiOFF, proprietor of the Central market; was born in Pru.ssia April 11, 
 1847 ; came to Mayville, Wis., in 1865 ; removed to Beaver Dam soon after, and came to Fond du Lac in 
 1869, where he has been engaged in his present business ever since. He was married at Fond du Lac 
 Sept. 4, 1873, to Mary Albrecht, a native of Dantzic, Germany; they have one child — Nora. Mr. Roloff 
 is a member of the Suns nf Hermann. 
 
 FRANK HARVEY RONDO, was born at Rouse's Point, N. Y., April 10, 1844; came 
 from there to Fond du Lae in 1862 ; worked for three years in a s;,w-mill ; has followed blaeksmithing ever 
 since, and for six years has worked for the La Belle Wagon Works. Mr. Rondo was married at Fond du 
 Lac Dec. 25, 1864, to Mary Louise De Mar, a native of Slassachusetts; they have three children — 
 Charles, William and Josephene. He has been Alderman three years; is an Odd Fellow and a member 
 of the Red Ribbon Club. 
 
 ANDREW ROOK, farmer and dairyman. Sec. 24; P. O. Fond du Lac; isa son of Adam 
 and Catharine Rook, and was born in Messen, Germany, in 1831 ; ho was educated according to the school 
 system of Germany, after which he devoted his time to his father's forming and fruit growing; in 1847, 
 he with his parents emigrated to America and settled in Oneida Co., N. Y., where they followed market 
 gardening for five years; thence, in 1868, removed to Fond du Lae, where he followed working farms on 
 shares till 1878, when he purchased the John Sewell feria of 160 acres in Sec. 24 — worth about S75 per 
 acre. In 1853, he was married to Miss Rebecca R., daughter of L. P. Blason, of Madison Co., N. Y.; 
 they have four children, as follows— Arthur D., Rosetta V., Edgar B. and Franklin B. He and wife 
 are members of the Congregational Church. Mr. Rook keeps quite an extensive dairy ; has twenty-five 
 cows, and sells about 150 quarts of milk per day. 
 
 REV. DONALD ROSS. Pastorof the First' Presbyterian Church, is a native of Nova Scotia ; 
 born in April, 1833, and is tlie son of Kenneth and Catharine Ross; he spent the first sixteen years of 
 his life with his parents on a farm in his native place, and there received the earlier part of his education 
 in the common schools; at the age of 16 he began teaching, and devoted his attention to that profession 
 for three successive years; in the fall of 1853, he entered Queens College, at Kingston, Canada, where he 
 completed the collegiate course in 1856; he then entered the Theological Department of that institution, 
 and graduated with his class in 1859 ; he was at once licensed, ordained and settled as Pastorof the church 
 at Vaughn, Ontario, a charge requiring services in the English and Gaelic languages ; here he had a suc- 
 cessful pastorate for seven years, and was then called to the charge of Dundee, Province of Quebec, where 
 he was even morer successful in his labors for ten years; he next had a pre-eminently successful pastorate 
 for three years, at Lancaster, Province of Ontario, when failing health forced him to give up the charge; 
 the General Assembly then appointed him to Prince Albert, an important missionary station in the North- 
 west Territory of Canada, re((uiring teaching, preaching, and the supervision of a large district; on his 
 way thither, failing health again forced him to turn aside from his purpose, and by the advice of physi- 
 cians he gave up the appointment, and in the fall of 1870 was called to the charge of the First Presby- 
 terian Church of Fond du Lac. In 1860, he was marri^jl to Catherine, eldest daughter of James George, 
 
864 BIQGKAPHICAL SKIETCHES: 
 
 D. D., then Principal of Queens College, but now deceased ; their children are Kenneth J. L., now a 
 promising student at Queens College, JiArgarct, Elizabeth and James G., who are now at home. 
 
 LESTER ROUNDS, was born in Dunham, Canada East, May 1, 1805; removed when an 
 infant wiih his parents to Franklin Co., Vt., where ho was educated; came to Southport (now Kenosha), 
 Wis., in August, 1839; removed to Ccresco (now Ripon), in May, 1844, where he was the first school 
 teacher, first Postmaster, and first Chairman of the town, also Secretary of the Wisconsin Phalanx ; in 
 1850, removed to Eureka, Winnebago Co., Wis., whore he has held various ofiices ; was the first Postmas- 
 ter, and is now in the mercantile business. Mr. Pi. married in Vermont, September 2, 1827, Aurilla Parker, 
 born in that State ; they have three children — Sterling Parker, dealer in printers' supplies, Chicago ; F.hoda 
 Ann, now Mrs. A. S. Bolster, Kane Co., 111., and Horace Eaton, of Chicago. 
 
 FREDRICK Rli KPING, of the firm of William Rueping & Sons, tanners, was born in 
 Oerniany, in 183(1; he learned the tanner's trade in his native country, and came with his parents to 
 America in 1854, and settled at Fond du Lac ; here he, with his father and brother, established a tannery, 
 of which they have since been proprietors. In 18GG, he married Miss Margaret Tlmerwaeohter, of Fond 
 du Lac; they have four children, as follows: Fredrick, Ida, Clara and William. Louis Reuping, brother 
 and partner of Fredrick, is also a native of Germany, born in 1839 ; came with his father to America in 
 1854 ; learned the tanner's trade with his brother after reaching Fond du Lac, and since 1867, has been 
 a partner with his father and brother in the business. In 1870, he married Miss Ida Haevernick, of Fond 
 du Lac, she being a native of Hamburg, Germany ; they have four children — Emma, Laura, Alwine and 
 Lena. 
 
 AII«USTL'S GRAHAM RLGGLES, banker ; was born in Orange Co., N. Y., Aug. 25, 
 1822. As clerk in the Bank of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., he learned the business of banking, which he has 
 followed successfully during the last quarter of a cen'.ury. July 20, 1846, Mr. R. came to Fond du Lao, 
 making arrangements during the summer to enter into the manufacture of lumber, after which he returned 
 East, stopping on the way at Cleveland and purchasing steam machinery for a saw-mill. He returned to 
 Fund du Lac late in the fall, and early in the spring of 1847, had, in company with one Davis, erected 
 and put into operation the first steam saw-mill built in Northern Wisconsin. After running this mill, which 
 represented the first cash outlay for improvements or manufacturing in Fond du Lac, north of Forest street, 
 for a year or so, Sir. Ruggles abandoned the lumbering business, and began operating in real estate. In 
 1850, he purchased the patent of the famous Woodwurth planer, and erected and set in motion, in con- 
 nection with a saw-mill, the first planer ever run in Fond du Lac. This enterprise he sold after a year or 
 so, and, in 1852, went East and became cashier of the Huguenot Bank, in Ulster Co., N. Y. In the 
 spring of 1854, he resigned his position in the bank and returned to Fond du Lae in August of that year, 
 and organized and opened for business, in February, 1855, the old Bank of the Northwest. In this bank 
 Mr. R. remained as cashier until the organization of the First National Bank in December, 1867, of which 
 he has always been martager, and its President since Jan. 1, 1875. In 1862 Mr. Ruggles saw the need of 
 greater facilities and competitiun in the business of carrying freight by railways from Fond du Lac, and, 
 therefore, became a Director of the then partially completed Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railway, with the 
 intention of using his efibrts to secure its completion from Glenbeulah, in Sheboygan Co., to Fond du Lac. 
 Finally, in 1865, he began to take a pecuniary interest in the enterprise ; was instrumental in securing the 
 vote of the county in favor of granting $150,000 aid for the construction of the road, and induced capi- 
 talists to aid in its completion to Fond du Lac, which was achieved in January, 1869. From adverse cir- 
 cumstancts, the road then lay dormant until 1870, when James F. Joy and friends were induced by Mr. 
 Ruggles to purchase a majority of the stock, and complete the road to Ripon and Princeton, which was done 
 in 1871 and 1872. , Thus it was mainly due to Mr. Ruggles' efRu'ts that the road was pushed on to Fond 
 du Lac and finally to the Wolf River. Mr. Ruggles was married at Fond du Lac, in November, 1865, to 
 Julia 1*., daugliter of Gov, Nathaniel P. Talluiadge; they have two children — Gertrude Colden and 
 Augustus Graham Rusrgles, Jr., the only survivors of seven children born to them, 
 
 HERIVIAIV RL'PP, engineer of the city Fire Engine No. 5 ; was born in Fond du Lac Oct, 1, 
 J 856 ; after leaving school in 1872, he served an apprenticeship at the trade of machinist; worked for five 
 years at his trade, then for nine months he served as stoker of Engin^No. 5, and for the last four years 
 he has been engineer of the same; for two years he was connected with the Volunteer Fire Department, 
 and with the present department since its organization. He is a member of the Fireman's Mutual Aid 
 Society. March, 1879, Mr. Rupp was married at Watertown, Wis., to Miss Sophia Schroeder; she was 
 born at Watertown. Mr. Rupp's mother, Katharine Rupp, died in the fall of 1869; his father, Louis 
 Rupp, died in May, 1873. _ 
 
FOND DU LAC. 855 
 
 PETER RL'PP was born in Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany, Aug. 3], 1824; came to Calumet, 
 Fond du Lac Co., in L842 ; went into the Soutliern States in 184G, and came to Fond du Lac, where he 
 has since resided, in 1849 ; he began business for himself by building the " City of Mentz " Hotel, which 
 he managed four years ; then in the grocery business, and for twenty years in the wholesale liquor busi- 
 ness. Mr. Rupp was once a candidate for State Treasurer on the Demoeratie ticket ; served one term as 
 Sheriff; three )ears as a member of the City Council, and is now one of the Trustees of the Northern 
 Hospital for the Insane. He was married at Cincinnati, Ohio, October, 1848, to Kate Laux, who was 
 born at Landau, Bavaria ; they have sis children — Klizu, Otto, Amelia, Rosa, Julius and Peter. Mr. 
 Rupp is a member of the I. O. O. F., and A., F. & A. M. Lodges. 
 
 JAMES RUSSEliL, present publisher of the Fond du Lac Jounial, enjoys the distinction of 
 being the editor and proprietor of the oldest newspaper in Wisconsin, Territory or State, witli but two 
 exceptions; the Kenosha Telegraph outranks it a year or two, and the Green Bay Advocate a few weeks ; 
 but the pioneer publishers of the Journal have long since ceased connection with it, and it is now in 
 younger and more progressively vigorous liands. James Russell is Wisconsin-born ; he is a native of 
 Harttbrd, Washington Co., and his father was a farmer in that town ; such an education as the village 
 school afforded the subject of this sketch, he obtained, until ho was 14 years of age ; at that period of his 
 life, his parents removed to the then immature town of Mankato, Minn., and it was there that the boy's 
 journalistic twig was inclined as the tree has become bent; as will be seen, he tried to evade the spell, but 
 unsuccessfully. There was a Democratic paper published in Mankato, nailed the Record, and it must have 
 been a progressive office, for Russi-11 learned his trade there in less than a year ; Mr. J. C. Wise was the 
 editor, and possibly the same had something to do with the influences surrounding the establishment. Mr. 
 Russell, now passing from boyhood into manhood, was becoming to be recognized in newspaper circles; he 
 was offered and accepted a position as foreman and local reporter upon the Herald, published at Garden 
 City, in the same State. JMr. Ru-sell counts several months of not particularly happy e.\'perience in that 
 connection ; although his inclinations had all been in that direction, his pecuniary successes had been few, 
 and Mr. Russell made up his mind to become a lawyer; with that object in view, he returned to his native 
 •State, and entered the University of Wisconsin for a course of studj' in the line of his ambition; this was 
 in 1868; in the latter part of the .second year of his college studies, his health became poor, and he was 
 ordered by medical advice to retire from his class, temporarily; he did so, and sought rest at home again. 
 In February, 1870, he was offered a position on the Fond du Lac Journal, a weekly newspaper, then con- 
 ducted by Messrs. Becson & Bohan ;' Mr. Bohan being an uncle of Mr. Russell. From this time on, the 
 gentleman's career is well known in Wisconsin newspaper circles, and the details can be condensed. Con- 
 nected indirectly with the Journal oflSce at the date last mentioned, was the Star Job Printing Office, one 
 of the largest and most completely equipped steam printing liouscs in the State; into this concern Mr. 
 Russell purchased, and the business was conducted under the firm name of Leonard, Bohan & Russell. 
 In September, 1873, he purchased a one-half interest in the Journal from Mr. Bohan, the other half 
 being sold to Mr. T. F. Strong, Jr., and the firm of Strong & Russell became the proprietors of the publica- 
 tion. The job department was at the same time re-organized by transfer, and passed into the property of 
 Leonard, Russell & Strong. In 1874, the stock organization known js the Star Printing Company was 
 chartered, and on the following 1st of January the job and newspaper interests were consolidated, and the 
 Company commenced business with Mr. Russell as a principal stockholder, and in the position of editor. 
 Since then, the management has never passed from his hands, although the corporation has ceased to exist, 
 and he is now sole editor and proprietor of the Morning Journal (daily), the Fond du Lac Journal 
 (weekly), and proprietor of the Star Steam Book and Job Printing Office. Politically, Mr. Russell has 
 always been a Democrat. In 1875, he accepted the nomination of his party for State Senator, as a leader 
 of a forlorn hope, and polled a vote in excess of his party strength in the district ; in the year following, 
 lie was elected Clerk of the Court for the county, after a desperate political fight ; he is now practically 
 out of politics, further than his journalistic duties load him. Mr. Russell was married, on Christmas Day, 
 1878, to Miss Katie Riley, a society lady of Fond du l^ac. Mr. and Jfrs. Russell are already proud in 
 the possession of 'one boy. It may not be out of place to say that Mr. Russell's rapid rise in journalistic 
 prominence is due, undoubtedly, to his keen perception of human nature, as established in his selection of 
 the men with whom he surrounds himself in the editorial and mechanical departments of his business ; he 
 does not allow anybody about his premises an hour longer than he thinks his presence is worth the terri- 
 tory he 0"cupies. 
 
 HEBfRY H. RUSSELIi was born at Windsor, Broome Co., N. Y., and came to Fond du 
 Lac in 18.57 ; in 1868, he purchased the Jones & Sage hollow-tooth harrow, the first one ever patented, 
 and began its introduction aud manufacture; he was the first to discover its merits and put the harrow, 
 
856 ISIoaRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 which has goventy-two teeth, upon the market; he estabhshed agencies and factories in nearly every State 
 in the Union, and has transacted an immense amount of business. 
 
 MICHAEL RYAN, farmer. Sees. 35, 15 and 17 ; P. 0. Fond du Lac; is a native of County 
 Tipperary, Ireland; born in 1828, and was the son of a farmer in that county; immigrated to America in 
 1849 ; settled in Canada West for one year, thence to the State of New York, where he resided about four 
 years; in 1854, he removed to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where he has since resided; in 1864, he removed 
 to his present home, having bought the farm (120 acres) three years previously. At Rochester, N. Y., in 
 1854, he was married to Miss Ellen McGruiness, daughter of Sylvester McGuinoss, of County Meath, Ire- 
 land ; they have had eleven children — -Edmund, Sylvester, John, Peter (of Kansas), Francis (now pursu- 
 ing his theological studios for the priesthood, under Archbishop Henni, of Milwaukee), Patrick, Mary 
 A., Ellen and James (deceased ), Margaret and George (deceased). The family are members of St. Joseph's 
 Catholic Ciiurch. 
 
 FREDRICK SANDER, manufacturer of furniture and dealer in cabinet ware ; was born 
 in Germany in 1825; he came to America in 1853, and located in Boston, remaining two years; from 
 there he came to Fond du Lac; he learned his trade in his native country, beginning at the age of 15, 
 and has closelv followed it since ; he was in he employ of Mr. John Bishop, a furniture dealer, for the 
 first two years after arriving at Fond du Lie, when, in 1857, he became the partner of A. A. Lange, 
 where he continued till 1859, when, by mutual consent, the firm was dissolved; Mr. Sander has since 
 continued the business alone, and to-day is one ot the most extensive furniture dealers in the city. In 
 1853, he married Miss Babelle Felburger, of Boston, she being a native of Germany also; they have had 
 six children, the first three of whom are deceased ; those living are Emma, Bertha and Fredrick. Mr. 
 Sander was one of the first Trustees of the Lutheran Church, and has always remained a member of that 
 body. 
 
 «1. R. SANEORD, proprietor of Patty House livery stable ; was born in Albion, Kennebeck Co. 
 Me., Deo. 25, 1847, where he resided until he came to Fond du Lac in 1866 ; he was employed in the 
 lumber business until he opened his livery stable. He was married at Fond du Lac, Nov. 24, 18G8, to 
 Jennie Marlow. 
 
 PETER V. SANG, retired, was born in the Grand Duchy of Baden. Germany, Nov. 10, 
 1809, and came to this country in 1832 ; he resided in Pennsylvania until May, 1834, when he enlisted 
 in the United States Army in Albany, N. Y.; on the 15th of August, 1834, he came to Green Bay, and 
 was assigned to Fort Winnebago, where he served eight years, seven years as Orderly Sergeant ; in the 
 month of June, 1840, Mr. Sang received a permanent injury in the line of his duties, for which he now 
 receives a pension of $24 per month. After the expiration of his term of service, he moved to Seven 
 Mile Creek, now Lamartine, in the month of August, 1842, where he owned 120 acres of land ; Mr. Sang 
 resided in Lamartine from August, 1842, until March 26, 1876; during which time he held many 
 responsible offices, as follows: Notary since the fall of 1845; Postmaster over twenty years, from 1845; 
 Town Clerk, seventeen years ; Chairman of Town Supervisors, three years, two years of which service he 
 was Chairman of the County Board; School District Clerk of District No. 1, eleven years; County 
 Treasurer, three years ; Deputy United States Marshal, three years (under President Pierce's administra- 
 tion); in May, 1854, he was commissioned by the City Council of Fond du Lac as traveling emigrant 
 agent between this city and New York City, and acted as Government Land Agent for emigrants, 
 during which time he paid into the United States Receiver's office over $231,000 : he is now serving his 
 fourth year as Coroner of this county, and has been one of the election clerks of the First Ward since he 
 moved into the city, which was in 1876 ; Mr. Sang, in 1870, took the census of Lamartine ; he was also 
 Justice of the Peace nine years in the same town. He was married, in June, 1843, to Mrs. Hooper, who 
 died April 19, 1875, and married, a second time, in 1879, to Mrs. Warren, a daughter of Col. Titus V. 
 Woodworth, of New Hampshire. 
 
 MARTIN SASSE, manufacturer of and dealer in boots and shoes ; was born in Prussia Nov- 
 29, 1826, whore he resided until coming to Bufi'alo, N. Y., in January, 1851, where he remained nine 
 months ; he then resided two years in Washington Co., Wis., after which he came to Fond du Lac, which 
 has since been his place of residence ; Mr. S. learned the shoemaker's trade when 14 years of ago, and has 
 carried on the bnsine.'ss continuously since ho came to Fond du Lac. He was married in Prussia, in 
 November, 1850, to Frederika Blumcnburg, a native of that cmintry ; they have twelve children living, 
 all born in Ameiica — Ada, Emma, Amelia, Emil, Matilda, Bortha, Otto, Martin, Robert, Hermann, 
 Frederick and Ella; an infant daughter was lost while on shipboard coming to America. He bslongs to 
 the Concordia Society and to the Evangelical Lutheran Church. 
 
 ..IT 
 
FOKD DU LAC. 857 
 
 AUtrllST F. KCIIAAR, merchaot tailor; was born in Schoonlanke, Prut^sia, Feb. 26, l.s,'),!; 
 came to America with iiis pnrcnts in 1868 ; their first location was at Osbkosh in the fall of that year; 
 Mr. S. has worked at the tailoring business thirteen years ; came to Fond du Lac in the spring of 1871. 
 He was married in this city, Oct. 9, 1878, to Amelia DeSombre, who was born on the Atlantic Ocean 
 while her parents were on their way to America; they have an infant daughter, born Nov. 8, 1879. Mr. 
 S. is a member of the German Evangelical Church, also of the Benevolent Society and Knights of Honor. 
 
 HENRY SCHERKK, of Fond du Lac File Works, is a native of Germany, where he waslaorn 
 in 18l-i().; came to America in 1855, and began work at his trade as a journeyman, at Albany, N. Y., in 
 the fall of the same year; in the spring of 1866 he came to Milwaukee, and was partner of Mr. Victor 
 Buxor for one year in the file works, after which he sold out and came to Fond du Lac and established a 
 small shop, which, in 1870 he enlarged, employed five men, and cut from six to eight dozen per day ; 
 capital stock, S:),000. He married Miss Eliza M. Wills, of Troy, N. Y., in 1860; they have eight chil- 
 dren, as follows: Nicholas, Mary, now Mrs. Giegengack, of Oakfield Township, Uathorine, Henry, Charles, 
 Millie, Lena and Louis. Mr. S. has been a Mason since 1869 ; member of I. 0. 0. F. since 1870. Mr. 
 Soberer has residence in city valued at 11,200. 
 
 S. W. SCHERJIERIIORN, carriage painter for Perkins & Clement ; was born in 1854 in 
 Napanee, Ontario, Canada ; he began the painter's trade with Grand Hamilton, of that place, in 1869, and 
 continued there for about three years, whence he went to Dresden, Canada, where he continued bis trade 
 for about eighteen months ; he next went to Jackson, Mich., for one year, thence to Grand Rapids, Mich., 
 for two years; in 1873 he came to Fond du Lac ; in 1878 he established a shop for himself, but disposed 
 of that in about a year's time and became painter in the carriage-shops for Perkins & Clement. In 1876 
 he was married to Miss Hattie Kelley, daughter of John Kellcy, a farmer of the Province of Ontario ; 
 they have one child, Zellah. Mr. S. and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Chiu'ch. 
 
 tJ. SCHERZINOER, watchmaker and jeweler, was born in Baden, Germany, Oct. 27, 1832, 
 and came to New Orleans in 1851 ; he remained there but a few weeks, going thence for short periods to 
 Louisville, Cincinnati and New York, whence he came to Fond du Lac in May, 1855, and engaged in his 
 present business, which he has followed ever since. He was married at Pond du Lac, Nov. 18, 1857, to 
 Katie Hess, a native of Prussia, who died Jan. 29, 1872; she was the mother of fiv« children — Louis, 
 Carl, Frances, Katie and Henry. Mr. S. was married a second time, July 17, 1877, to Gertrude Schumer, 
 a native of Prussia, by. whom he has had one child, Hermann. Mr. and Mrs. S. are members of the Ger- 
 man Catholic Church. 
 
 JOHN J. NCHEIJBER, HI. D., is a native of Underwalden, Switzerland, where he was 
 born in 1812; received his early education under the monks of Engleberg, Switzerland, being placed in 
 their care at the age of 9, and remaining there six years, after which he spent two years in the study of 
 natural philosophy and physics, at Feldkirch, Austria ; in 1859, he began his medical studies at Zurich, 
 where he pursued them for one year ; in 18G8 he moved to Berne, Switzerland, where he continued his 
 studies for three years, graduating in 1863; in 18G-1, he began the practice of medicine with Dr. Weissen, 
 of Wallis, Switzerland ; he returned to Berne, and was assistant physician in the Walden Insane Asylum 
 for one year, wlience in 1866, he came to America and settled at Chicago, 111., where he practiced medicine 
 for about three years ; In 1869 he removed to Joliet, 111., and continued his practice till 1876, whence he 
 moved to Evanston, 111., and thence in 1878, to Fond du Lac; has been appointed attending physician of 
 St. Agnes' Convent, by Father Haas, of the Capuchin Order. In 1871, he married Mi.ssMary Phylomena 
 Blaitner, daughter of Michael Blatlner, of Joliet, 111.; they have three children — Mary, Joseph and There.-a. 
 They are members of St. Mary's Catholic Church. 
 
 SCHIFF BROTHERIS & CO., clothiers. Henry Schiff was born in Milwaukee Feb. 10, 
 1857; Arthur Schitf was born at the same place Sept. 6, 1858; Mrs. Dorris Schift', their mother, was 
 born in Naumburg, Saxony, Feb. 28, 1838; came to Jlilwaukee in 1855, and to Fond du Lac in 1859. 
 She was married at Milwaukee May 15, 1856, to Louis Schiff, who came to that place in 1848, and died 
 in Fond du Lac Aug. 20, 1874. The family has been in the clothing business twenty years. 
 
 REV. JACOB SCHNELLiER, Pastor of the Evangelical Association; is a native of Can- 
 ton Graubinden, Switzerland, where he was born in 1844 ; he came to America with his parents when ijuile 
 young; received his early education in the public school at Troy, Wis., after which, in 1864, he entered 
 the Freshman Class of the Northwestern College at PlainSeld, 111., where he pursued both his collegiate 
 and theological studies till 1868 ; when leaving college in 18G8, he was licensed to preach and immediately 
 entered the ministry, traveling through Sheboygan Co. as minister for two years, after which he was 
 ordained Deacon of the Evangelical Association at Milwaukee ; he was sent to Marquette Co. for two years. 
 
858 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 when, in May, 1874, at Menomonee Falls, Waukesha Co., he was ordained and became Elder in the Asso- 
 ciation, after which he an;ain returned .to Marquette Co. for one year, when he was called to the charge at 
 Morrison, Brown Co., Wis., where he was Pastor for three years ; from there, in May, 1878, he was called 
 to the charge of the Evangelical Association at Fond du Lac, where he has since remained. April 17, 
 1870, he married Miss Anna C. Haas, of Honey Creek, Sauk Co., Wis., by whom he has four children — 
 Anna L., Lydia JM., John B. and Frank J. 
 
 JACOB SCHOLIi, boot and shoe manufacturer and farmer, Sees. IG, 15 and 17 ; is a native 
 of Prussia, where he was born Aug. 20, ISll ; he is a son of John and Margaret Scholl, and was soon 
 apprenticed to the shoemaker's trade with his father, which he has ever since followed ; when about 22 
 years old lie went to Belgium, where he followed his trade for four years ; when his mother died he returned 
 to Prussia, and stayed at home till 28 years of age, when he was married to Miss Gertrude, daughter of 
 Anihon and Mary Handshumaker, June 3, 1839. They set sail for America early in the spring of 1848, 
 landed at Now York April 18, and reached Fond du Lao the 18th of the following month, living in Fond 
 du Lac for three years ; he removed to Waupun for two years, thence to Sun Prairie for five years, after 
 which he returned to Fond du Lac; bought a farm of thirty-one acres in Sec. lU, valued at about $75 per 
 acre. They have eleven children — Mary (deceased), Agnes (now Mrs. Pucker, of Fond du Lac), Eliza- 
 beth (now Mrs. Simon Ferdnand), Peter, Anton (deceased), Margaret (now Mrs. F. Steady), Jacob, Jr., 
 of Fond du Lac, Isabella (now Mrs. Toddele, deceased), Mathias, Simon and Michael. They are mem- 
 bers of St. Mary's Catholic Church. 
 
 JOfill'iPII sen ITSSLER, proprietor of West Hill Brewery; was born in Baden June 24, 
 1819; when 15 years old, he began the cooper's and brewer's trades in his native country, and followed 
 the same there till 184G, when he came to America; he settled first in Milwaukee, Wis., where he worked 
 at the brewer's trade most of the time till 1850 ; he then removed to Oshkosh, Wis., where he devoted 
 his attention to the cooper's trade till 1801 ; removing thence to Fond du Lac, he was employed in Frey's 
 brewery till 1805, when he began again the cooper business, and continued the same till 1872 ; he then 
 established the West Hill Brewery, of which he has since been proprietor. At Milwaukee, in 1849, he 
 was married to Fannie Newkirch, a native of Hesse-Darmstadt; their children are Emma (now the. wife 
 of Hormiu Zinke, and lives in this city), Charles (now married, and lives in this city, also,), .Arthur, 
 Mary, Ida, William, Josephine, Albert and Oito. 
 
 JOHIV C. H. SCHWARTZ, proprietor of meat-market ; was born August IG, 1842, in Ger- 
 many; is a son of Peter C. Schwartz, stone and brick mason, who came to America in 1849, and settled in 
 Fond du Lac; at 12 years of age, John began clerking in a grocery store for Carpenter & Pier, continu- 
 ing there for two years ; thence to the dry-goods store of Carswell &, Dee, till 1860 ; thence to Loughlin & 
 Carey's dry-goods store for two years; in 1802, he became proprietor of a meat-market; he soon disposed 
 of his market and began traveling for a dry-goods house ; he was next with the dry-goods' house of C. J. 
 Pettibone, where he had charge of the retail silk stock and the wholesale trade up-stairs for about three 
 years ; he was traveling agent for the Singer Sewing Machine Company for one year ; then, for one year, 
 with Carswell & Mason, dry-goods merchants ; then, for three or four year.s, was proprietor of a meat- 
 market again ; sold out that and kept hotel at Horieon for a short time ; then went into the livery busi- 
 ness at Fond du Lac ; after spending three years at this, he went into the real-estate business for two and a 
 half years ; in June, 1S79, he began keeping a meat-market again. He married Miss Ada Carpenter, 
 daughter of Nunn Carpenter, carpenter and joiner, of Sheboygan, Wis., Dec. 1 G, 1 8G3 ; they have two sons 
 — Edwin H. an dFraiik D. E. 
 
 ANTONY SEKVATIIJS, butcher; was born in Prussia Oct. 4, 1838, and came to Michi- 
 gan in 1840, where he lived until coming to Fond du Lac in the fall of 1849 ; he was engaged as a dry- 
 goods clerk from 1855 to 1802, then two years in the boot and shoe business, then two years as a grocer, 
 after which he contracted for laying stone and Nieolson pavement, paving Main street from Division to 
 Fifth, in 1870 ; in 1872, he began the business of butchering and keeping a meat market, which he now 
 follows.. Mr. S. was married, in Racine, Oct. 29, 1801, to Mary Haas, by whom he has had six children 
 — Celia, Leo, Helen, Johanna, Antoinette and Amelia. He is a member of St. Joseph's Benevolent 
 Society ; has been Alderman, President of the City Council, and Chairman of the Fourth Ward, in which 
 he resides. 
 
 CHRISTIAN SERWE, proprietor of the Scrwe House ; is a native of Prussia, and was 
 born in 182G ; emigrated to America and settled at Fond du Lac in 1840, being now one of the oldest 
 German settlers here; he followed laboring for about four years after his first settlement; in 1850, he 
 secured a position as clerk in Sewell Bros.' dry-goods store, where he remained nearly two years, changing 
 then to Mr. Laughlin's dry-goods store, with which he was connected till 180 1, when he returned to 
 
FOXD DU LAC. 859 
 
 Sewell Bros.; in December, 1863, he purchased the Serwo Hou.se, and has since boon its proprietor. In 
 1853, he married Miss Mary P. Baurjeois, dau2;hter of John Baurgeois, of Prussia; tliey have had eleven 
 children, as follows : Mary (deceased), Mathias, Joseph, Rosa, Elizabeth, Albert, John, Isabella, Frank 
 (deceased), Phillip L. and Julia P. Mr. S. and family are members of St. jNIary's Catholic Church. Mr. 
 S. has been, at various times, a member of the City Council ; has also been Assessor and County Purchas- 
 ing Agent. 
 
 JOSEPH SKRWE, salesman in Sir. Whittelsey's dry-goods store ; was born in Prussia in 
 1832 ; lived there on a farm till 1846, when, with parents, he came to America and settlei in Fond du 
 Lac Co., at Calumet, where he lived about five years; he then returned to Fond du Lac and was employed 
 as clerk by Hall & Hoskins, dry-goods merchants, till 1855, at which time he became a partner of Mr. 
 Hoskins, in the firm of Hoskins & Serwe; in 1860, they took in a brother of Mr. Serwe, and the firm 
 continued as Hoskins, Serwe & Bro. till 1862, at which time he sold out his interest in the dry-goods 
 business and became clerk for Messrs. Carswell & Dee, dry-goods merchants; in 1866, he went into the 
 post ofiice as clerk for Gren. Bragg ; he next kept a grocery store on Main street for a short time, but soon 
 sold that and became salesman for Mes,srs. Sharp & Whittelsey, dry-goods merchants. In 1850, he mar- 
 ried Miss Creseentia Klotz, daughter of Igatius Klotz, of the town of Eden, Fond du Lac, Wis ; they have 
 eight children — Hannah, Katie, lilizabeth M., Josephine, Francis A., Theresa, I. J. and Rudolph. All . 
 the family are members of St. Mary's Catholic Church. 
 
 Gr. W. SEXMITH, of the firm of Sexraith & Sons, proprietors of saw-mill and lumber-yard ; 
 also partner with his brother, L. Sexmith, in a stock farm of 1S6{ acres, three miles southeast of the ciiy, 
 where they make a specialty of raising short-horn cattle and Norman horses. Mr. Sexmith was born in 
 tlie city of Fond du Lac in 1849 ; received his early education at the public schools of this city; after 
 which, he graduated at the Commercial College at Milwaukee in 1868 ; became a partner with his father 
 and brother in the saw-mill in August 1879 ; in 1875, he bought a farm of 187 acres in Dodge Co; soon 
 after which, he sold a one-half interest in it to his brother Lamar ; in June, 1878, they traded the farm in 
 Dodge Co. for the one above described ; they are now erecting a large stock barn, 8l)x56 feet, with an 
 11-foot basement, affording stable room for 125 head of stock. In 1872, he married Miss Georgia 
 Hunter, daughter of George Hunter, of Fond du Lac; they have one daughter — Hattie C. Mr. Sexmith 
 is a member of the Methodist Church ; his wife-is a member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. S. has been 
 a member of the Temple of Honor since 1876. 
 
 liAHAR SEXMITH, brother and partner of G. F. Sexmith, whose biography is above ; was 
 born in the city of Fond du Lac ; was educated in the public schools of the city ; became a partner in the 
 saw-mill with his father and brother in August, 1879; became a partner in the farm with his brother in 
 1875. as stated in his brother's biography. Married Miss Eleanor Stowell, of Charles City, Iowa, Oct. 
 29, 1877 ; they have one daughter — Eleanor Stella. They are members of the Methodist Church. 
 
 (jr. W. SEXMITH, lumberman ; was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., Aug. 11, 1813, and was 
 married in Delaware Co., of that State, Dec. 31, 1835, to Elizabeth Davis; they have had six children, of 
 whom three, George Frederick, Lamar and Stella Maria (now Mrs. W. H. Crosby, of Oconto, Wis.), are 
 living. Mr. Sexmith came to Alto, Fond du Lac Co., in 1845, and engaged in farming; in December. 
 1851, he moved to Fond du Lac and engaged in the lumber business, which he has followed ever since ; 
 while in Alto, he was elected the first Justice of the Peace, and the first town clerk ; was Justice of the 
 Peace in Fond du Lac in 1852 and 1853, and an Alderman two terms; in addition to the lumbering busi- 
 ness, Mr. Sexmith has been in the grocery trade nearly half the time since coming to Fond du Lac ; he 
 has operated his present mill twenty-five years, giving employment now to fifty men ; he lias been one of 
 the Harbor Directors since the existence of that organization. Mr. Sexmith has been connected with the 
 M. E. Church fifty years, and is now a member of the Division Street M. E. Church ; he traveled several 
 years on the circuit as a preacher. The firm name in the lumbering business now is G. W. Sexmith & Son. 
 
 IiEMUEIi SHANNOK^, carpenter and joiner ; is a native of Hamilton, Canada, born in 1817 ; 
 learned the cabinet-maker's trade, which he followed there till 1849 ; thence he came to Wisconsin, and 
 settled in Fond du Lac ; here he turned his attention to the carpenter and joiner's trade, which he has 
 since followed. In 1843, he married Miss Euphema Price, daughter of William Price, of Hamilton, 
 Canada; they have had four children — Mary (now Mrs. M. S. Fay, of St. Paul, Minn , now deceased), 
 Anna (now Mrs. H. J. Thompson, of Greenwood, Wis.), John, of Fond du Lac, and Frankie. The family 
 attend the Congregational Church. 
 
 AUGUST E. SHAPE, manager of the North- Western Telegraph Office, at Fond du Lac; 
 was born in Prussia Nov. 5, 1844 ; came to New York Citv in 1856, where he resided four years ; moved 
 
860 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 to Milwaukee then, wliioh was his home in 1874, when he removed to Fond du Lac; Mr. Shape has fol- 
 lowed the telegraph husiness thirteen years. He was married, in Milwaukee. Dee. 2(J, 1S70, to Elizabeth 
 Spoerl, a native of that city ; they have one child living — Louis A., born Feb. 6, 1878, and have lost two 
 sons in infancy. He enlisted in the fall of 186"i, in Co. B, 2()th W. V. I.; served two years and ten 
 months, in all the battles in which his regiment participated. 
 
 HE\RY SHATTUCK, proprietor of the American House; was born Feb. 9, 1829, at 
 Bakersfield, Vt.; his parents, Josiah and Susan Boutell Shattuek, were natives of Townsend, in that State j 
 the former died in 1S58, at the age of 78, and the latter in 1877, aged 86; Mr. Shattuek remained at 
 home on the farm until reaching his majority ; went then to Saxton's River, and worked three years in a 
 woolen factory ; then to the Lsland House at Bellows Falls, for one year; six months at Massasoit House, 
 SprinL^field, JIass.; Boston for three and one-half years, in the hotel business, being the proprietor of the 
 Lowell House the last six months ; came to Fond du Lac in May, 1857, and opened the Exchange Hotel, 
 which he ran until Jan. 1, 1861, when he rented the old Globe Hotel, changing the name and rebuilding 
 the house, and purchasing the property three years later. [See Hotels, city of Fond du Lac] Mr. Shat- 
 tuek was married at Boston, May 4, 1857, to Anna S. Britt, born at Boston June 21, 1835; they have 
 five children — William Henry, born March 22, 1858; Ida A., born July 30, 1860; Henrietta, born Feb. 
 28, 1863; Nellie M., born Sept. 1, 1866, and Jennie L. B., born April 4, 1868. The family are mem- 
 bers of the Congregational Church ; Mr. Shattuek is a member of the Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias 
 and Knights of Honor lodges ; was Alderman, Supervisor, and for one term President of the Plank Road 
 Company. 
 
 ISAAC S. SHERWOOD was born in the town of Milo, Yates Co., N. Y., Sept. 7, 1816; 
 educated at Genesee, Wesleyan Seminary, of Lima, N. Y.; removed to Illinois in 1840 ; to Racine, Wis.) 
 in 1842 ; to Jefferson in 1818, and, in 1852, to Fond du Lac, where he resided eighteen years engaged in 
 the hardware and iron trade. In Fond du Lac Mr. S. was Mayor, Alderman, member of the School Board 
 and of the first fire company ever organized in the city ; he is now a resident of Benton Harbor, Mich., 
 engaged in fruit-raising. He was married at Fond du Lac, Juno 24, 1861, by Rev. George B. Eastman, 
 to Cecelia Isabella Adamson ; they have five children — -Alfred C, born March 30, 1862; Lettie Belle, 
 born Jan. 27, 1864; Mary Louise, born Nov. 15, 1865; Je-sie, born Nov. 13, 1869, and Grace, bora 
 Dec. 11, 1871. Mr. S. first came to Fond du Lac through the "mud-blockade," and his account of it was 
 highly entertaining. His first move was to buy the lot where Baker's bank stands for S400, selling next 
 day for $600 ; '' Soliloquize," he writes, " Eureka ! " His letter to the Western Historical Co. is closed 
 thus eloquently : " Let my residence be in any part of the United States, the Fountain City is my home ; 
 and when my pilgrimage on earth is done, I hope to rest side by side with those who have gone before, on 
 the beautiful bmw of llienzi." 
 
 ALOXZO I.. SIMMOXS, iarmer. Sec. 7 ; P. O. Fond du Lac; is a son of Reuben and 
 Louisa Simmons, early pioneers of Fond du Lac Co.; he was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 8, 1819, and 
 early learned the carpenter and joiner's trade with his father. In 1 838, he (with his father) came to Green 
 Bay, Wis., where they continued the trade for about eighteen months; his father then returned to New 
 York for the family, and with them reached Green Bay late in the year 1839 ; in tlie following year (1840), 
 they came to Fond du Lac Co., where they built the first and second frame dwellings erected in the county ; 
 they continued the trade a short time, and then devoted their time to farming. The subject of our sketch 
 with his brother, JMarcellus, soon owned what is now known as the James Wright farm, on the Ledge, south- 
 east of the city, but soon disposed of it, and bought another in the town of Byron, where they lived fur a 
 number of years ; Alonzo then sold his interest in the town of Byron, and purchased a farm of 135 acres 
 in the town of Friendship. In 1865, he disposed of his farm and engaged in the grocery trade in the city 
 of Fond du Lac for a short time ; he then bought a farm of eighty- two acres in Section 7, town of Fond du 
 Lac, where he has since followed f;irming. Ma)' 22, 1854, he married Miss Mary, daughter of George 
 and Mary Swiuton, of the town of Bj'ron, she being a native of Scotland ; they have had four children, 
 namely, Marcellus, Minnie (deceased), William (deceased), and George. 
 
 AMASA P. SIMMONS was born at Whitestown, Oneida Co., N. Y., Dec. 9, 1826, in 
 which county ho re-ided until July, 1837, when he came to Green Bay, Wis., with his parents, and, in 
 1838, to Fond du Lac Co., which has since been his home; Mr. S. was engaged in farming exclusively 
 until 25 year.-j of age, when he began traveling for a wholesale crockery house, continuing in that business 
 until 1877, except from 1860 to 1863, when he was in the mercantile business with his brother E. M., 
 and from 1872 to |875, when he was in the same line with W. W. Clark. He has been Town Assessor 
 two terms, a member of the School Board fourteen years in succession, and, Aug. 16, 1879, began his 
 
FOND DU LAC. 861 
 
 duties as Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue ; when a youth, Mr. S. went with his father on trip.s for pro- 
 visions, and other excursions, and thus learned to speak the Indian laniruajio flucnllv, wiiieh was a <;reat 
 help to his father. He was married in the town of Fond du Lie, Oct. IS, 184S, to Elizabeth L Sander- 
 son, born in Oneida Co., N. Y.; they have had three children — Clara (who dicil when 9 years old), Willet 
 James (who died when 5 years of age); their survivin;.; dau;.ihter is Madjjjio May, was born Aug. 14, 18G8. 
 Louisa, mother of A. P. iSimmons, wlio will be 85 Oct. IS, 1880, resides at ids house, and is in remark- 
 ably good health. A. P.'s brother, Enos Mireellus. born in OnciJa Co., N. Y., resided in Fond du Lac 
 until 1879, when he removed to Marcellon, Columbia Co., Wis ; he lias three sons. Alonzo Lee, another 
 brother, born at the same place, resides on Sec. 7, town of Fond du Lac ; he has three sons and has lost 
 three. William Leroy, anothor brother, died in Fond du Lac about 1850, aged about 2-1 years. Eliza 
 Ann, now Mrs. James B. Clock, of •JLinkato, Blinn., his only sister, born also in Oneida Co., resided in 
 Fond du Lac Co. until three years ago; she has one son and two daughters, and has lost one daughter. 
 
 M. W. SIJIJIOI^S, capitalist; was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Aug. 24, 1825; came from ther© 
 to Fond du Lac Co. in 184(). locating in the town of Springvaie, on Sec. 23, where he lived five j'cars ; 
 moved then to the town (jf Wanpun, where lie lived three years; came to Fond du Lac Jan. 1, 1805, 
 where he has since resided; Mr. M. was Clerk of the Circuit Court one terra, from January, 18G5; 
 County Poor Commissioner from I'SGO to 1873 inclusive; member of ihc Board of Supervi.-ors ; Treas- 
 urer of Springvaie ; Clerk of Wanpun ; Alderman of Third Ward, and Deputy Uiuted States Marshal 
 since 1878. He was married at Hillsdale, Mich., to Lucy 15. Siz.'r, a native of Oneida Co., N. Y., Sept. 
 30, 1851 ; they have four children— Milton T. (cashier of WelLs' Bank), Wilton B. (chief clerk at J. C. 
 Whittelsey's), Stella M. and Lucy B. His business is tliat of capitalist and settling bankrupt estates; he 
 is a Mason — a member of the lodge at Fond du Lac. Ilis mother-in law, Lucy B. Sizer, aged 90, resides 
 with Mr. Simmons. 
 
 JOHN L. SITTLER, of the firm of Sittler & Wilkc, cigar manufacturers; was born in New 
 York ("ity in 1852 ; moved to Shuboygan Falls with his parents when 4 years old ; clerked in drug store 
 from his 13th to ISth year of age, when ho began the cigar trade, which he has followed since that time ; 
 in January, 1873, he cime to Fond du Lao and began to work for Bush Bros.; from 1874 to 187(5, he 
 was at Branden and Waupun ; in 187(J, returned to Fond du Lac and began the cigar manuLoture alone, 
 which he continued till October, 1878, when i\Ir. Wilkc became his partner. Oct. 15, 1878, he married 
 Miss Emma M. Hoppe, of Fond du Lac; she is a member of St. JIary's C.itholic Church. 
 
 CHARLES D. SMITH, attorney; was born in the town of Macomb, St. Lawrence Co., N. 
 Y., Nov. IG, 1849; in 1851, came with his parents to T.iychecdah, and. in ISGG, came to Fond du Lac; 
 Mr. S. was educated in the public schools and at a private school; began studying law in November, 18G9, 
 with J. M. Gdlet and C. K. Pier; was admitted to the bar Feb. 11, 1S7G, and has since been engaged in 
 the practice of his profession; Mr. Smith left lumbering and aci|nired his legal and other knowledge with- 
 out aid or encour:igenieiit, supporting liimself as best ho could while at.his studies. 
 
 <i}EORGE H. SOUTHARD, painter; was born at Cudd ■backvillc. Orange Co., N. Y., 
 June 3, 1849 ; came to Wisconsin Jan. S, 18G6 ; learned the painter's trade, which he has since followed ; 
 the same year, and during the pist ei.^ht years, has boon cngiged with the Wheel and Seeder Co., and 
 McDonald Manufacturing Co. Mr. Southard is a member of the A., F. & A. M., and I. 0. 0. F. 
 lodges. 
 
 •lOH^V SPE\CE, manufacturer; was born at Tyrone, Ireland ; came to Oliio in 185S, where 
 he enlisted .May, ISGl, in Co. B, 2Gth Ohio V. I., called " Fullerton llifl is" — the first three years luen 
 offered in that State; he served three years as private. Sergeant, Sergeant Major, Lieutenant and Adjutant, 
 resigning on account of ill healih in April, 18G4. He then went to Europe two years to recuperate, 
 returning and locating at Fond du Lac in 1S6G, where he engag'd in the crockery business until 1874; 
 after that he engaged in loaning money, but is now Secretary and Treasurer of the McDonald Manufact- 
 uring Co., builders of the " Pride of the West" thrashers. Mr. Spencc has been City Treasurer, Alder- 
 man and Snjicrvisor. 
 
 THOMAS WILSOX SPEKCE, attorney ; was born at Dungannon, County Tyrone, Ire- 
 land, Sept. 2, 184G; came to Ciiillicoihe, Ohio, in infancy, and to Fond du Lac in 18G5. Mr. S. gradu- 
 ated from the classical course of Cornell University, at Ithaci, N. Y., in 1870 ; studied law and was soon 
 after a member of the law firm of Coleman & Spence, which firm was r. ccntly changed to Spence & 
 Hiner; he was a member of the Assembly in 1877 and 1879, and is now Po?tmi<ter of Fond du Lac, 
 receiving his appoiutmjnt in 1879. He was married at Foud du Lac, to Misj Tallmadge ; they have one 
 child. 
 
862 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JOSEPH D. W. SPENCER, glove manufacturer; was born in Barre, Worcester Co., 
 Mass., Mareli lo, 1847, and is the son of John H. and Ellen M. Spencer, nee Whitcoiub. His grand- 
 father, John Spencer, was the son of Simeon Spencer, who was born in Connecticut, but was the eleventh 
 family to settle in Springfield, Vt.; his grandfather was born in 1782 ; was an extensive farmer of Spring- 
 field, Vt., for many years ; came to Wisconsin in 184f), and settled in Rock Co., whore he died Feb. 7, 
 18G5. His father, John H., was born at Springfield, Vt., Nov. 12, 1808 ; spent his early life as a farmer 
 in Vermont; removed to Amherst, Mass., and there followed the business of a foundryman and stove- 
 manufacturer for throe years ; removed to Barre-, Mass., in 1835, and continued the same business fifteen 
 years ; in 1850, he came to AViseonsin, stopped one year in Rock Co.; went thence to Green Bay, and was 
 there interested in the tanning business for a year; came to Fond du Lac in 1852, where he was one of 
 the most extensive leather-dealers for many years. He retired from business in 1870. In 1832, he was 
 married to Sarah, daughter of Shubel and Ruth Whitcomb, of Sprinirfield, Vt., and a descendant of the 
 Whitconib family who came from Dorchester, England, in 1033 ; she died about two years after marriage. 
 He afterward married her sister, Ellen M.; they had a family of six children — four of whom are living — 
 Sarah M. (died in 1855), Ellen S. (Mra. Norman Bra.ss, and lives in Spring Valley, Minn.), Joseph D. W. 
 and John D. W., twins — the latter is dead — Ida M. (now the wife of F. W. Sivyer, and lives in Milwaukee), 
 Waldo H. (now in Buffalo, N. Y.); Joseph D. W. spent most of his time with his father till 1870, when 
 he establLshod the glove manufactory of which he has since been proprietor. He was married to Elizabeth, 
 laughter of Michael and Margaret Roche, now of Dakota, but formerly of the town of Byron, Fond du 
 Lac Co., Wis., where she was born. Mrs. Spencer is a member of St, Joseph's Catholic Church. 
 
 HENRY J. STEADY, foreman on the second floor in Steenberg's sash, door and blind 
 factory ; was born in Germany in 1843 ; came to America with his parents in 1848, and settled at BuflFalo, 
 N. Y., where he resided till 1853, when they moved to Chicago, 111., whence, in 1856, they came to 
 Fond du Lac ; Henry worked on a farm for his brother from 1856 to 1862, attending school three winters 
 during that time, that being all the schooling he ever had. In 1862, he enlisted in Co. K, of the 1st W. 
 V, I. ; was discharged in 1863, on account of disability for service ; after remaining at home for about six 
 months and regaining his health, he rr-enlisted October, 1863, in Co. B, 35th W. V. I,, with which he 
 served till the close of the war. After being mustered out at Madison, Wis., he returned to Fond du Lac 
 and began work in the door, sash and blind factory for C. J. L. Meyer, where he continued till 1873, when 
 he began work for Mr. Steenberg. Oct, 16, 1863, he married Miss Annie Fox, of Fond du Lac; they 
 have had four children — Henry B. (deceased), Nettie L., Jessie M. and Millard B. 
 
 O. C. STEENBERC]}, proprietor of sash, door and blind manufactory, is a native of Tompkins 
 Co., N. Y,, whore he was born in 1836; in 1854, he moved with his parents to Saratoga Co., which he 
 made his home until 1862; he graduated at Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., with the class of 1861, 
 after which, in 1862, he came to Fond du Lac as Principal of the High School, serving in that capacity 
 until 1864, when he was elected Superintendent of the city schools in addition to his po-sitiori as Principal 
 of the High School, where he remained until 1869 ; in 1871, he purchased an interest in the sash, door 
 and blind flictory, with Mr. H. H. Lewis; the copartnership existed until 1877, when Mr. Steenberg 
 bought out Mr. Lewis, and became sole proprietor of the establishment. In 1862, he married Miss Harriet 
 Greene, daughter of O. S. Greene, of Salisbury, Conn.; they have had three children — Sarah (deceased), 
 Fredrick and Hubert. 
 
 PETER STEENBERGH, retired f^u-mer, was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1797 ; at the 
 age of 10, he went to Albany Co., N. Y., and followed farming for some time, whence he went to Washington 
 Co., N. Y,, and remained there seven years, after which he, with his brother, purchased a boat, and for 
 two years followed boating on the Albany and Champlain Canal; he nest came to Syracuse, thence to 
 Onondaga Co., N. Y., where he was engaged in Airming most of the time, until his immigration to Wis- 
 consin in 1849 ; his first settlement was on a farm in the town of Byron ; subsecjuently, he bought a farm 
 of 160 acres in the town of Auburn, Fond du Lac Co., which he disposed of about 1857, and bought 
 another in the town of Byron, on which he made his home until 1871, when he sold that and moved to 
 the city of Fond du Lac. April 15, 1835, he married Miss Cynthia E. Mead, daughter of Elisha Mead, 
 of Onondaga Co., N. Y., who died at Fond du Lao, March 2, 1879, in her 59th year, leaving three 
 children — Caroline A., Harriet A. (now Mrs. Grifiin Petton, of Ryron), and Alson W., of Fond du Lac. 
 His wife and family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he owns a house and four lots 
 in the city, 
 
 PETER STEPHANY, foreman in Mihills' Manufacturing Co., is a native of Germany, born 
 in 1847 ; came t(] Wisconsin with his parents in 1850, and settled on a fitrm near Fond du Lac, where he 
 spent his boyhood ; at the age of 15, he came to the city of Fond du Lac, and began work for C. J. L. 
 
FOND DU LAC. 863 
 
 Meyer, in the blind department of his sash, door and blind factory ; in 1865, he worked for Lewis & 
 Boyd in their manufactory for about five months, after which he followed the carpenter and joiner's trade 
 for one year ; then he worked for Falkland in his factory one year ; he next engaged in the furniture 
 business, which he continued for about fourteen months ; in 1870, he began work in Mihills' factory, 
 where he has since remained. He married Miss Amelia Loher, of Calumet, in October, 1873 ; they have 
 two children — Dora and Mary. They are members of St. Mary's Catholic Church. 
 
 AL.EXANDER STEWART, of the firm of McDonald & Stewart, proprietors of a sash, 
 door and blind factory, is a native of Glengarry Co., Canada, where he was born in 1835 ; spent his boy- 
 hood at work on a farm with his father, and attending the district school; when 15 years old, he moved 
 to Montreal, whence, in 185Jr^he went to Petersboro, Canada, where he engaged in the grocery busi- 
 ness until 1866 ; disposing of his interest in the grocery trade at that time, he came to Fond du Lac, and 
 became interested in saw-milling in the firm of Hunter, Stewart & Co. until 1869, when he formed a 
 copartnership with Mr. Alexander McDonald in the sash, door and blind factory, which they established 
 at that time. In 1867, he married Miss Sarah C. Crawford, second daughter of the Rev. Elias Crawford, 
 of Saratoga Springs ; they have had two children — .Annie (deceased), and Charles C. Mr. S. and family 
 are members of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 $$ILiAS B. STILES, druggist, of the firm of Stiles & Givens, was born in Jay, Essex Co.,N. 
 Y., Sept. 24, 1828 ; lived seven years in Canada West ; came to Byron, Fond du Lac Co., in July, 1843, 
 and there engaged in farming during six years, after which he went into the Northern pineries, where he 
 worked at lumbering until 1852 ; he then went overland to California, and engaged in mining until 1857, 
 when he returned to Fond du Lac and purchased a farm in Byron in 1858; Mr. S. followed agricultural 
 pursuits until 1871, when he purchased a drug store at Jefferson, Wis., but returned to Fond du Lac in 
 1873, and opened a drug store opposite the American House. He was married in Byron, Feb. 16, 1859, 
 to Caroline, daughter of George W. Lewis; they have three children — Clara A., Vesta L. and Guy L. 
 
 LiYMAX E. STOWE, son of Joseph and Priscilla Stowe, very early settlers of Fond du 
 Lac ; was born at Haverhill, Grafton Co., N. H., Sept. 29, 1825 ; at the age of 18 years, after hard work 
 upon the hills of his native State, he came with his parents to Milwaukee ; remained there until 1848, 
 working one and one-half years in a pail factory, manufacturing washtubs on his own account one year, 
 and then engaged in barrel-making ; Mr. S. then lived one year on his farm near Waupun ; worked his 
 father's farm one year; began carpenter work in 1851, and in 1861, began building elevators on 
 the different railroads in this State and Michigan, which business he still follows. He was one of the 
 organizers of the volunteer fire department in Fond du Lac, of which he was a member until its disor- 
 ganization in 1878, and was Trea.surer one term of the State Firemen's Benevolent Association. Mr. S. 
 was married at Milwaukee, in October, 1847, to Martha Lee, born in the town of Shipley, Yorkshire, 
 England ; thcv have one child — Ella Josephine. 
 
 TIMOTHY F. STRONG. The subject of this sketch is a native of Brownington, Vt. ; 
 was born April 6, 1805, and is the son of Asahel Strong and Susan Follett ; his father, a prominent mer- 
 chant, although unfortunate, was much respected by all who knew him ; Timothy resided in Bennington, 
 whither his parents removed in 1806, till 12 years old, attending common school, and at that time 
 accepted a clerkship in a general store at Glen Falls, N. Y., and at odd times while there trained a knowl- 
 edge of the tinner's trade ; at the expiration of five years, he went to Burlington, Vt., and there spent 
 two years as a journeyman in a tinshop ; he next formed a copartnership with a friend, and 
 going to Keesville, N. Y., established himself in the tin and stove business, and conducted a successful 
 business for nearly two years ; after closing out his interest here, he went to Danville, Vt., and 
 there resumed the same line of business, continuing it during a period of six years ; at the expiration of 
 that time, be associated himself with his brother, William L. Strong, at Burlington, in a general hard- 
 ware, iron and grocery trade, where he remained till 1848 ; during the year previous to this, he 
 had contracted with others to build the Burlington & Kutland Railroad, and a portion of the road on to 
 Bellows' Falls ; he was at the same time largely interested in building the railroad from Ogden.sburg to 
 Rouse's Point, N. Y. ; in July, 1851, he removed to the West and settled at Fond du Lac, Wis., and at 
 once becian building what is now known as the Chicago & North-Western Railway, whose owners form 
 one of the largest railroad corporations in the world. In this enterprise Mr. Strong worked under most 
 adverse circumstances, many of hi,s associates giving up all hope of success; with that determination, how- 
 ever, which has ever characterized him, he held on persistently to the end, and, in once instance, built 
 some miles of the road at his own expense and risk. Previous to his coming West, he had gained the 
 reputation of being a successful railroad man, having carried to a successful completion large railroad enter- 
 prises in the East ; and it was largely due to his untiring energy and influence that the Wisconsin division, 
 
864 BIOGUAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 being the northern portion of the Northwestern raih'oad^, was constructed. Mr. Strong retired from 
 active business in ISliS, and, since that time, except as stated below, has been living in the enjoyment of 
 the rewards of his active life. He was Assistant Superintendent of the North- Western Railway for several 
 years; in 1870, was elected President and Superintendent of the Fond du Lac & Sheboygan Railroad 
 resigning in 1872. In his political sentiments, ho is independent, supporting for office the man whom he 
 considers best fitted for the place, regardless of party prejudices or distinctions; in his religious belief, 
 he is identified with the Episcopal Church. Fie was married on the 3d of May, 1827, to Miss Olivia 
 Clark, daughter of Dr. Nathan S. Clark, of Chesterfield, N. Y., and by her has now living one son and 
 two daughters. He married his present wife, Susanna Jones, on the 27th of March, 1873. Mr. Strong 
 has traveled extensively over the United States and Europe, and is well informed on all questions of the 
 day. Beginning life for himself at tlic age of 12, with his worldly possessions tied up in a handkerchief, 
 he has risen, step by step, until he has accummulated an ample fortune, and, in all his business career, has 
 never contracted a debt that he did not pay. 
 
 JOHN E. SULIilVAX, of the firm of John E. Sullivan & Co., merchant tailors; is a native 
 of Ohio, where he was born in 1853 ; came to Meeme, IManitowoo Co., Wis., with parents in 1855, where 
 he lived till 1873, when he went to Brown Co. for the winter, and came to Fond du Lao in tlio .spring of 
 1874, and attended commercial college for four months, when he graduated; after which, from September, 
 1874, to November, 1878, lie was clerk for J. N. Coleman & Co; he was in the employ of Uutterfield 
 & Eldrisre till May, 1878, when he became a partner in the firm of John E. Sullivan & Co. 
 
 MICHAEL/ SUlildVAX, harness manufacturer; is a native of Ireland, where he was born 
 in 1851 ; he came to Fond du Lac in 18G8 ; in 1871 he became proprietor of the harness-shop, whers^ he 
 now manufactures about two hundred sets of harness per year. July 6, 1871, he married iSIiss Mary 
 Ann Canada, of Eldorado, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., by whom he has three children — ^John, Nellie and 
 Annie, who, with parents, are members of St. Patrick's Catholic Church. 
 
 <iiEOR<xE EATON StTHERLANH, whose history is now closely allied to that of 
 Fond du Lac Co., is a native of New York Slate, having first seen light in a farmhouse at Burlington, 
 Otsego Co., N. Y. His mother thanked God he was a boy, for a boy could better fight the battle of life. 
 George is the youngest of six children, only three of whom, all boys, were alive at his birth. On his father's 
 side he is of Scotch descent, his great-grandfather having come to America on account of political persecu- 
 tions. This ancestor was noted for truthfulness and integrity, and these qualities and also certain physical 
 traits have been transmitted. It was the proud boast of the father of the subject of this sketch, that, so far 
 as he knew, there had never been an untrutliful or dishonest Sutherland. His mother was a woman wise and 
 good, and his earliest recollections are mainly of her love and guidance. When he was G years old, a great 
 calamity befell him, in the death of his most excellent mother, and the breaking-up of the liome, leaving 
 George a little wanderer, without a settled home, or home influences. For four years he lived first with one 
 relative, and then with another, some of the time attending district sqhool, but left for the most part to his own 
 devices. From his mother, he inherited eneray, steadfa>tness of purpose, and a thoughtful habit, and from his 
 father integrity of mind, an honest way of looking at things, and a love of books. He was very fond of 
 oratory, and while a mere child would pore for hours over Congressional speeches and pleas in court, seeming 
 to catch the spirit of their eloquence. He also early developed ability in planning, faithfulness in execut- 
 ing, a spirit of emulation, which prompted him to be first and best in whatever ho undertook, and a per- 
 siinal magnetism, which made him a leader among the boys. He was not a very playful boy, and especially 
 disliked hunting, fishing, or any sport which inflicted pain. He was, however, fond of wit or humor, a trait 
 which he has not outgrown. In the winter after his tenth birthday, his mind and heart received a 
 profound religious impression, through the preaching of the Rev. A. B. Earic, and at the close of 
 a scries of meetings held in Burlington, George, with sonic one hundred others, was received into 
 the church. While from hi.s natural fondness for reading the boy had ac(|uirod a desultory knowledge 
 of many things of which children ordinarily know nothing, ho po.ssessed scarcely the rudiments of a 
 systematic education. During these years, George's second brother, Andrew, had mirriod, and become 
 Princijial of a school in Norwich-Town, Conn., in which he was ably assisted by his wife, a woman of fine 
 mind and large, warm heart. It was a happy day for George when this worthy couple invited him to make 
 home with them. In June, 1854, having secured company as far as New York City, he started with 
 glowing anticipations for a new home, and an education, which even then wjs his dearest wi.sli. The 
 journey to New York was brimful of interest, and his friend found his time fully occupied in answering 
 questions, until he left George on the Norwich boat, upon which he was to complete the journey alone. 
 It was a night trip, and the boy, to whom both steamer and ocean were new, sat long on deck. He watched 
 the men untie from the pier, and reel in the heavy rope ; watched the ciiy until only dots of light were 
 

 ' D EC D. * 
 
 ROSENTDALE. 
 
FOND DU LAC. 867 
 
 visible ; saw the moon rise out of the water, and the long track of light which the boat left behind, until 
 fatigue proved too much even for his wonder, and he went to bed on what seemed to him a funny little pantry 
 shelf, and slept the sleep of tired childhood. When he awoke, the boat lay quietly at anchor at Norwich ; the 
 passengers had all gone, and so had his brother, who came to meet him. Evidently he had overslept, but do 
 not think he was dismayed. Valise in hand, he steps ashore and inquires the way to Norwich Town. Let 
 us glance at him as he enters upon this new era of life. Ten years old, rather slight, bright brown eyes that 
 look straight at you, ample forehead and a sensitive mouth. The taste of his sister-in-law had dressed him in 
 garments whose cut would better have become his father — black satin vest, long coat, prominent shirt front, 
 standing collar and "dickey." When he had come into Norwich Town, and was close by the town clock, a 
 wag, thinking to get some sport out of the old-fashioned country boy, stopped him, and asked with mock 
 deference, hat in hand, " Would you kindly tell me the time of day by your watch ? '" The unconscious sim- 
 plicity of the child turned the joke back, when he answered, " I do not know, sir; can you tell me where 
 Norwich Town is ? " With his brother, discipline began in earnest. He was kept at hard study all day and 
 until nine at night, with scarce an hour allowed for play. His system stood the strain, and his progress in books 
 was quite astonishing, so that from being the poorest scholar, by the end of the year George stood at the 
 Lead of the school. In 1855, his brother decided to go West, and chose the young but rapidly growing 
 State of Wisconsin, as a future home. The party went by rail to Chicago, by boat to Sheboygan, thence 
 by stage to Fond du Lac, which they reached Saturday night, and put up at a hotel near the lauding at 
 '■ Lower Town." From Fond du Lac, the party went by lake and Fox River to Delhi, in Winnebago Co., 
 and thence to Waukau, where Mr. Sutherland taught for several years, and eventually settled on a farm. 
 George remained with him, working on the farm and attending school until he was nearly 16. These 
 years, though no more than ordinarily eventful, were important as years of growth. In them he attained 
 manhood's size, and for his years, maturity of character ; had escaped vices, and had acquired a very good 
 common-school education. With such preparation, George left his brother in August, 1859, to make his 
 own way in the world. Going once more to Norwich, Conn., he obtained a district school, which he taught 
 acceptably. Spending the summer of 1860 with old Burlington friends, he closed his experience as peda- 
 gogue, by teaching a school at that place the following autumn and winter. 
 
 The very next day after his school closed, he started for West Winfield Academy, to carry out his 
 long-cherished purpose of fitting for college. Here he boarded himself and earned his tuition by taking 
 care of the recitati m-rooms. His life now seemed the realizalion of the boy's dreams, in the gratification 
 of his intense desire for knowledge and improvement. The clas.ses were pleasant and the school excellent, 
 under the care of Prof. E. 0. Hovey, an enthusiast in his profession, an earnest Christian and a man of 
 great personal weight. This was the year of the breaking-out of the civil war. When President Lincoln's 
 first call came for volunteers, George greatly desired to enlist, but his father thought he was neither old nor 
 strong enough for the hardships ot camp and field, and so restrained the ardor of the boy. But it hap- 
 pens to many a man that at some time in life a circumstance, seemingly a mere accident, changes the whole 
 of his life. Such accident, or Providence, came to George. One noon, it was Sept. 30, 1862, he went 
 to town for the mail as usual, and found in the Exeter stage an old friend on his way to Utica to enlist, 
 who urged George to go with him, and quickly gained his consent. There was no time for leave-taking. 
 George got into the stage and before night had enlisted in Co. A, 1st N. Y. L. A., known as Bates' Bat- 
 tery. He was immediately sent into Barracks at Albany, where the time was spent in driLing and learn- 
 ing the art of war, against the call to the front. It happened that George had a chance of displaying 
 readiness and tact before reaching \Vashington. When the battery was ordered to the front, Capt. Bates 
 put George and a comrade in charge of his horses, which were to go in a freight car attached to the train 
 bearing the rest of the battery. As the train was to leave Albany toward morning, the men went into the 
 car at night and went to sleep. Imagine the surprise of George when morning dawned and found him 
 still in Albany and the rest of the battery gone. By what accident their car was left no one could explain, 
 but here the boys were, with the horses, no commander, no rations, no transportation ; what little money 
 they had they spent in vainly telegraphing for orders. With much persuasion the railroad company took 
 them to New York, where a patriotic citizen fed horses and men. The elo(|uence and resources of the 
 boys were fully taxed before the railroad company agreed to take them to Baltimore without the proper 
 transportation papers, and even then they were assured the horses would be held in Baltimore until the 
 company was satisfied. When they reached Philadelphia the train was laid up for the Sabbath, and here 
 were the boys again without the wherewith to break their fast, but the door of a United States Hospital 
 opened to them, and they were well cared for until Monday afternoon. The train reached Baltimore just 
 before daybreak Tuesday morning. Should they wait here, with risk of starving, until the railroad com- 
 pany should be satisfied that it had already been paid for taking this car, or should thev report to 
 
868 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 headquarters and leave their Captain to settle the matter? They decided on the latter course, and when there 
 was a good chance they jumped their horses out of the car, mounted them and rode toward Washington. 
 At evening they came upon a Union camp where they were kindly provided for, for one soldier never 
 saw another in need, but his canteen and liaversack flew open. Before another night they were receiving 
 the compliments of Capt. Bates for their exploit. It was now February, and very inclement weather. 
 The men had no barracks, and not even a good place to pitch their tents, and (jeoige often awoke and 
 found himself lying in a pool of water. The drill and discipline was also long continued and severe. 
 From the defenses of Washington the battery was sent to Philadelphia to quell riotous feeling, and keep 
 order at the time of drafts, then to Pottsville, Penu., on a similar errand. Capt. Bates, it appears, had 
 one aim in his military history — to keep out of action. So true was this that the boys were wont to call 
 his battery the " Life Insurance Company." George soon tired of this inaction, and determined on a 
 change. He chanced at this time to be detailed as orderly at post hcad([uarters, and soon acquired the respect 
 and good will of Capt. Eamsey, Adjutant General. At George's earnest request, Capt. Ramsey obtained 
 a furlough and permission for him to attend the military school at Philadelphia, where officers for colored 
 troops were then being instructed. Here he labored day and night for three months to acquire a knowl- 
 edge of the book part of military art, and, it is said, with marked success. Great decision of character, 
 and ready command of himself seem to have characterized him here. On one occasion, when acting as 
 drill-master of the school battalion, he displayed such great readiness and firmness, that Col. Taggart, the 
 Commandant of the school, publicly commended him and said he " he was fit to command any regiment." 
 George, still a boy of 20, appeared before Gen. Casey's Examining Board in Washington, and passed an 
 excellent examination, and all that prevented his recoms^endation for a field position seems to have been 
 his youth, from Gen. Casey's saying to him, " But you are too young fur a field officer, Mr. Sutherland." 
 After his examination he went back to Bates' Battery to wait for his commission, and while with it had 
 one skirmish with the rebels near Chambersburg. George soon received his commission as Captain from 
 Pre.'^idcnt Lincoln, dated July 23, 1864, two months before his 21st birthday, and the boys gave him the 
 sobriquet of "the Young Captain." He was then sent to Kentucky to raise colored troops, and was soon 
 placed in command of the 13th U. S. C. H. A. With his detachment he went to Eddyville, Ky., to take 
 command of that post, and arrived about midnight of October 12. Inquiring of the officer he was to 
 relieve if all was safe for the night, he was told that pickets were out and everything was secure. But he 
 had hardly fallen asleep when he was startled by bullets shot into every window of the court house which 
 was the headquarters. Of course there could be but one result. After a sharp contest the garrison sur- 
 rendered, but not until Capt. Sutherland was wounded and taken prisoner. Capt. Sutherland was carried 
 to a hotel and so-called surgeons sent to dress his wound. Either from malice or ignorance they put him 
 through several hours of severest torture, cutting and slashing in a terrible way, and boasting, when they 
 thouglit he was under the influence of chloroform that " there'd be one less Yankee Captain," as no doubt 
 there would have been if they had not been suddenly interrupted. 
 
 From a Yankee gunboat, lying down the river, the firing at Eddyville had been heard, and with what 
 speed they could, they came to the rescue ; too late to save a surrender, but with force to recapture the 
 town, and it was the shells from this boat that interrupted the surgeons in their bloody and apparently 
 delightful work, and put them to ignominious flight, leaving Capt. Sutherland half dead and wholly unable 
 to help himself; and here he might have died, indeed, but for the friendly offices of an unknown woman. 
 While the shells from the gunboat were pouring into the town, and were even crashing through the hotel, 
 and all were fleeing for safety, this woman risked her life and the displeasure of her friends, who, she 
 said, were Southern sympathizers, to help this unknown Captain to life. She bound up his wound and 
 helped, almost carried, him down-stairs and through the street to the water's edge, and with a wave of her 
 handkerchief as a flag of truce, to the boat, she left him, with strength only for feebly expressed grati- 
 tude, too weak, even, to ask her name. A boat was immediately sent for him, but there was no surgeon 
 on board the gunboat, and three dnys passed before the bullet was taken from his arm, or his wound prop- 
 erly dressed, aod when he reached the hospital at Claiksville, Tenn.,he was delirious and already suffering, 
 not only from his wound, but from an attack of typhoid fever, induced by exposure and lack of care. For 
 three months he languished in the hospital, much of the time in extreme danger, and suS'ering so greatly 
 that death would have been a welcome relief. 
 
 " He l.iiJ him down to sleep without a thought or care 
 Whether the walking find him here or there." 
 
 After weary weeks of convalescence, he was again strong enough for active service, and was sent to 
 command the recruiting posts at CaseyviUe, and afterward at Owensboro, Ky. In going from one place 
 to the other, he narrowly escaped being shot by a guerrilla band. Afterward, he was sent to Smithland 
 
FOND DU LAC. 869 
 
 as Commissary of subsistence, which position he filled with care and precision for several months, when he 
 was appointed a member of the military commission and court-martial, which sat at Camp Nelson, and 
 subsequently at Lexington, Ky.. and in this position he remained until honorably discharged in Novem- 
 ber, 18(i5. As a member of the court-martial, although by several years the youngest, he won special 
 distinction. The deliberations of this body, before which military and civil offenses were tried, were secret, 
 only their conclusions being made public, but it is said on good authority that more than one poor fellow 
 owes his life to Capt. Sutherland's eloquent appeal for mercy, and an abatement of the strict letter of mili- 
 tary law, and once he won when all were at first against him. The name of Capt. Sutherland had 
 already been forwarded for promotion, which, it is said, he merited, and would no doubt have received, 
 but the war ended, and, on Nov. 18, 1805, he was honorably discharged from the United States Service. 
 
 With the war, also, ended the splendid opportunities tor displaying many noble and brilliant qualities, 
 but it is doubtful if Capt. Sutherland ever did a more heroic thing than he did when leaving his high 
 position as Judge and commander, he entered the preparatory school at Ripon College, and dug out Greek 
 and Latin with the young boys and girls. One of his teachers has said that he displayed much greatness 
 of character by his careful attention to rules which seemed to him trivial, by his modest, respectful atten- 
 tion in class, and his solicitude that the younger members should do well. Mr. Sutherland studied at 
 Ripon until July, 1868, completing the sophomore year in college, and winning a good standing. For 
 two years of the time he superintended the Baptist Sabbath School, and most of the time since he has 
 been in some way engaged in Sabbath-school work. 
 
 In September, 1868, he entered Amherst College as a junior, without conditions. There he passed 
 two very pleasant and profitable years, and graduated as " hortor man," with an excellent reputation, both 
 as to character and ability. During the summer of 1870, Mr. Sutherland studied law with Judge Willard, 
 of Utica, N. Y., and, in the foil of that year, entered Columbia Law School, in New York City, which 
 was then presided over by Theo. W. Dwight, LL. D. Mr. Sutherland often speaks of the debt which 
 he owes to him and to President Seelye, of Amherst, probably the two men of all in the world whose 
 influence upon him has been most powerful. In New York, Mr. Sutherland worked very hard, taking 
 two years' studies in one, and reciting six hours a day. The year in New York was the fullest and busiest 
 Mr. Sutherland ever passed, and perhaps, on the whole, the most profitable. Shortly after completing his 
 law course, Mr. Sutherland was married to Miss Adela Merrell, of Kirkland. N. Y., and in September of 
 this year (1871 ), he formed a law partnership with Mr. A. B. Hamilton, of Ripon, Wis., a gentleman of 
 legal knowledge and ability above the average, and with a good practice. Mr. Hamilton was past the 
 prime of life and in poor health, so that, as soon as Mr. Sutherland was able to manage it, the burden of 
 the business fell upon him. This was very fortunate for him, as he was compelled to acquire a knowledge 
 of correctly transacting legal business much sooner than young attorneys ordinarily have opportunity for 
 doing. In his first law-suit, in which he appeared for the defendant, his maiden plea certainly produced 
 effect. He won the case. 
 
 Mr. Sutherland made his first appearance in the Supreme Court in Mundt vs. The Sheboygan & Fond 
 du Lac R. R. Co., appearing for the plaintiff. Judge L. S. Dixon, then Chief Justice of Wisconsin, in 
 his written and published opinion of the case, pays the young lawyer this high compliment : " In con- 
 clusion we may remark that it would be doing injustice to our own feelings not to acknowledge our obliga- 
 tion for the assistance rendered by the very clear and able argument made at the bar by the counsel for 
 the plaintiff." For two years of his residence in Ripon Mr. Sutherland was City Attorney, and was, in 
 1S73, Chairman of the Board of Supervisors in his ward, and was in this capacity very faithful to the 
 interests of the county. In May, 1874, he came to Fond du Lac and formed a law partnership with Judge 
 David Taylor, which continued with mutual satisfaction until Judge Taylor was elected to the Supreme 
 Bench, since which time, Mr. Sutherland has conducted the business alone. In November, 1879, ho was 
 elected to the State Senate by an unusually large majority, having been nominated for that office, and 
 enthusiastically supported by the very best citizens in the district, an honor of which any man might justly 
 be proud. Wo have seen Mr. Sutherland deprived of a mother's care, left a homeless wanderer ; receiv- 
 ing his first real discipline ; starting in life for himself with no capital except his own talent and energy ; 
 a diligent student working his way along ; a good soldier and a merciful Judge ; an upright lawyer and an 
 efficient officer, and we believe he will be a wise legislator. 
 
 We find him now ranking among the first in his profession in the State, having gained this position 
 by no outside influence, but by honesty, hard work and careful attention to the details of his business. 
 That the community has confidence both in his talent and integrity is shown by the class of cases put into 
 his hands, which are among the most important tried in the county, and the fact that he is successful in a 
 large majority of his cases, shows that he is a skillful manager, and also that he will not accept a case 
 
870 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 wliich he believes to be poor, merely for the fees. In working up his cases, Mr. Sutherland is industrious, 
 accurate and careful. As a speaker he has good command of language, but is not an '• off-hand speaker," 
 and he never allows himself to speak on any occasion without preparation. With time to arrange his 
 thought, he is logical and clear, and, when the subject inspires it, rises to eloquence. He is a capital hand 
 to tell a storv where it will be effective. By honesty, industry, and faith in God, Mr. Sutherland has 
 reached his present place of honor, trust and influence in the community, and his life well exemplifies 
 what may be wrought by the motto which he chose when a boy : 
 
 Do well that which before thee lies to-day. 
 
 PAUIj SWEBfSOX, machinist and foreman in McDonald's Thrashing-Machine Works ; is a 
 native of Denmark, born in 1849; learned his trade in his. native country; came to America in 1869, 
 and stopped a short time in Detroit ; thence to Chicago for a few days, when he returned to Michigan ; 
 from tiieie he came to Milwaukee, and finally settled at Kacine in the same year, where he worked at his 
 trade for four and a half years ; after which he returned to Europe for eight months ; he came again to 
 Racine for a short time, from there he came to Fond du Lac and began work in McDonald's Thrashing- 
 Machine Works, and, in the spring of 1S79, was appointed Superintendent of the works. 
 
 M. W. TALLJIADOE, sou of Henry F. and Maria C. Tallmadge, of New York City, and 
 brother of the well-known broker of that city, Benjamin H. Tallmadge. M. W. was born in the year 
 IS 18, and, after receiving his education, was enuaged in the wholesale- hardware trade in New York City 
 till about 18-10; in 1S43, he immigrated to Wisconsin, entered a farm in the southern part of the town 
 of Fond du Lac, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and, in August, 18-14, was married to Miss Nancy A., daughter 
 of Justin and Thirza Eastman, a native of Oswego County, N. Y., who immigrated with her parents to 
 Kenosha Co., Wis., in 1835, and to Granville, Milwaukee Co.. in 1837, where she was married. Soon 
 after their marriage, they removed to the farm in Fond du Lac and made that their home till the spring 
 of 1862 ; disposing of it at that time, he purchased another in the same town, on Sec. — , where he lived 
 till September, 1876, when they removed to the city of Fond du Lac, though still retaining the farm. 
 They have had nine children — Mary E. fthe late wife of A. K. Hamilton, of Fond du Lac, deceased), 
 Henry F. (of Fairmount, Neb.), Chester L. (deceased), Benjamin H., William B. (of Sheboygan), Maria 
 C. (now Mrs. Thomas W. Spence, of Fond du Lac), Clarence D. (of Milwaukee), Edwin T. and Jennie, of 
 Fond du Lac. The family is connected with the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 AZRO B. TAYLOR, a native of Vergennes, Addison Co., Vt.; came with his father, J. M. 
 Taylor, who died in 1865, to Fond du Lac in 1849, and has been engaged ever since in the hardware busi- 
 ness, except two years during which he had charge of the water supply on the C. & N.-W. Railway, between 
 Fort Howard and Janesville, putting in all the pumps. Mr. T. has been an Alderman from the First and 
 Third Wards several years, and was at the head of the Fond du Lac Fire Department sixteen years — as 
 long as the volunteer department continued, of which he was one of the originators. He was married at 
 Fond du Lac Aug. 3, 1849, to Angelia Hawes, a native of Shoreham, Vt.; she died Jan. 4, 1854, leaving 
 two cliildreri — Liliie and Charley ; the former i.s now Mrs. L. A. Emerson, and the latter die<l in April, 
 1878, aged 26 years. Mr. T. was married a second time to Jane E. Woodruff, a native of New York ; 
 they have eight children — Jared W., William W., Frank C, Jessie, Emma, Carrie, Mary and Janie. 
 Jared W. and William W. are both engaged in the railroad business away from home. Mr. T. is a mem- 
 ber' of the Masonic Lodge ami Chapter at Fond du Lac. Henry C. Taylor, brother to Azro B., enlisted 
 in Co. A, 1st W. V. I., for three months, and at the end of that time re-enlisted in the 21st Regiment. 
 He died in hospital prisim at Charleston, where he had lain one year, Oct. 4, 1864. 
 
 JAMES LrXHER THWIMi, editor and publisher; was born at Alto, Fond du Lac 
 Co., \Vis., July 4, 1847; worked upon alarm until 19 years of age, except when attending the district 
 school ; to complete hi>! education, he entered Lawrence University, Appleton, Wis., graduating With honors 
 from the classical course in 1871. While in school JMr. T. took the first prize for excellency in compo.^ition. 
 He was editor of the Lawrence CoUefjiaii, and contributor to various other publications while in the Uni- 
 versity, thus developing his natural taste for journalism, a profession he then decided to follow, taking a 
 position upon the Milwaukee Sentinel staff the next day after graduating. In November, 1873, Mr. T. 
 resigned his position on the Sentinel, having contracted to purchase the Fond du Lac Saturdo!/ Reporter 
 of John J. Beeson, issuiui the first number, under his management, Nov. 22, 1^73. Since that time, he 
 has been either wholly or in part, editor, proprietor and publisher of the same paper, which has grown to 
 three times its original .size in his hands. He was married at Fond du Lac, Jan. 20, 1874, to Laura B., 
 daughter of Rev. C. D. Pillsbury ; she was a graduate iu the same class with Mr. T., receiving the salu- 
 tatory appointment of the class on graduating day. They have one child — Alfred L., born April 1, 1876. 
 
FOND DU LAC. 8;i 
 
 CYRUS THOMPSON, n-tiroJ; is :i native of Hartfoni, Me., where he was born Dee. 24, 
 1805, and spent most of his time till 1855; when 18 years of age he began teaching school, an-i con- 
 tinued till he was 2t) ; from 1831 to 1855 he was proprietor of marble works in his native town ; dispos- 
 ing of his marble works, he removed to Dunkirk, N. Y., and purchased a two-thirds interest in a large flour- 
 ing-mill; in 1864, he traded his interest in the mill for farm in the town of Byron, Fond du Lac Co., 
 Wis., which he cultivated for two ye.irs ; then disposed of it for $11,000, and moved to the city of Fond 
 du Lac, where he has since led a quiet and retired life. When ynung he took quite an active part in politics, 
 being a strong supporter of the Whig party. He held the office of Town Clerk in Hartford for ten suc- 
 cessive years, and while at Dunkirk was a member and Secretary of the .School Board for a number of 
 years. He married Miss Marinda Pitts, of Livermore Me., May 10, 1831, by whom he has two sons — 
 Hiram P. and J. R. 
 
 HIRAxlI P. THOMPSON, architect; is a native of Oxford Co., Me., born in 1833, and 
 made that his home till about 1852 ; he learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, and, in 1852, he went to 
 Boston, Mass., where he continued his trade for nearly two years, whence he went to Dunkirk, N. Y.; in 
 185li, he went to Buffalo, N. Y., and began architeetural drawing with Sage, Wilcox & Bush ; in 1857, 
 he immigrated to St. Paul, Minn,, where he remained for more than two years, when he went to St. Louis, 
 Mo., where he, in 1860, enlisted it) Co. B, of the 112th N. Y. V. I.; was elected Sergeant; in 1863, he 
 was appointed First Lieutenant of Co. I of the 1st U. S. colored troops, and was soon promoted to the position of 
 Captain — with which he served till the close of the war; was mustered out of service at Roanoke Island, 
 October, 1865 ; returned to Fond du Lac, thence to St. Louis, and came back again to Fond du Lac in 
 1868, where he has since resided. Was employed as architect in the building of the American House, 
 First Street S-hool Building, First National Bank, Burnton's store, May's store, Bartlet's meat-market, et 
 -al. April 9, 1867, he married Miss Julia E. Blossom, daughter of Samuel Blossom, of Buffalo, N. Y., 
 who died Dec. 30, 1867. 
 
 CHARLES M. TOMPKINS. The subject of this sketch was born Aug. 13, 1822, in the 
 county of Westchester, N. Y.; after pursuing the usual academic course in his native town (Somers), he 
 entered the university in the city of New York in 1840, and graduated in 1844; among his classmates 
 who have since attained distinction, may be mentioned Dr. Howard Crosby and A. Oakey Hall, of New 
 Y''ork City ; Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen was at this time Chancellor of the University, and ran for 
 Vice President on the ticket with Henry Clay; educated in the same political faith, Judge Tompkins 
 reverts with pride to the fact that his flnst vote was cast for " Clay and Frelinghuysen." Having prepared 
 himself for the profession of law,*he moved to Wisconsin in the summer of 1847, and settled in Fond du 
 Lac (then a growing village), and formed a partnership with J. M. (iillett, Esq., at that time and always 
 a leading lawyer of the place ; the business of the firm grew with the growth of the country. In 1848, 
 Mr. Tompkins was nominated for the office of District Attorney for the county on the Whig ticket, run- 
 ning much ahead of his ticket ; in 1850, the firm of Gillett & Tompkins was dissolved by the election of 
 Mr. Tompkins as Judge for the counties of Fond du Lac and Calumet, (then attached for judicial purposes), 
 which office he held for the term of four years ; shortly after his election, he was appointed Postmaster of 
 the city, serving nearly the whole of President Fillmore's Administration. In 1849. Judge Tompkins was 
 married to Miss Amelia Davis, of Fond du Lac, oldest daughter of Col. C. Davis, one of the pioneers who, 
 with Major Tallmadge, Col. Conklin and others, had, at an early day, settled in the town of Taycheedah 
 and its vicinity ; three children were the fruits of this union, but none survive ; the loss of wife and chil- 
 dren, along with health greatly impaired, induced Judge Tompkins to seek a new home in a Southern 
 climate; in 1862, he accepted a position under President Lincoln's (first) Administration, in one of the 
 departments at Washington (Pension Office), and he has been retained in the same position by successive 
 administrations. Judge Tompkins was fortunate in his ancestral relations, being a lineal descendant of 
 Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York, while his grandfather (Dr. Elias Cornelius), was an eminent 
 surgeon in the Revolutionary army under Gen. Washington, whose friendship and confidence he enjoyed 
 during life. While a resident of Fond du Lac, Judge Tompkins was justly esteemed for his integrity and 
 uprightness; he was an active, energetic citizen, and largely identified with the grain, lumber and ware- 
 house business. In politico, he was decidedly Whig. His many friends will be glad to know that be is 
 yet living, with health improved, and home made happy by the smiles of a wife and two promising chil- 
 dren, more precious to him than all the treasure in the Treasury. 
 
 E. C. TOMPKINS, grocer ; was born at Somerstown, Westchester Co., N. Y., March 13, 
 1821. He lived six years in New York City ; came to Fond du Lac in 1853 ; went to Watertowu in 1 854 ; 
 to Pike's Peak in 1859, and returned to Fond du Lac in 1862, where, since 1864, he has been engaged in 
 the grocery business. He was married, in New York, to Ann Eliza Green, who was born in his native 
 place, and has one child — Anna M. Mr. T. is an Odd Fellow. 
 
872 BIOGRAPHICAL SICETCHES : 
 
 CHRISTIAIV TOSTENSO^, foreman in the woodwork department in McDonald's thrash- 
 ing-machine works ; was born in Norway in 1828 ; began his apprenticeship as carpenter and joiner in 
 1844 ; came to New York in 1853, and worked there at his trade for five years ; thence he came to Racine, 
 Wis. In 1873, he moved to Fond du Lac, and became foreman of the woodwork department in thrash- 
 ing-machine works. In 1853, he married Miss Johanna Utgard, of Norway, who died at Racine, Wis., in 
 1871, leaving five children, as follows : Charles, Victoria, Sarah J., Frederick and Martha C. Married 
 Miss EHza Lawson. of Norway, in 1872 ; they have two children — Eddie C. and Oliver. 
 
 BYRO^ TOWN, manufiicturer; was born at Georgia, Franklin Co., Vt., June 4, 1825 ; came 
 to Wisconsin in 1860, locating at Omro, and engaged in the flouring-mill business for one year. After 
 that, he kept the American House at Ripon five years ; the American House at Fond du Lac four years, 
 and the Patty House in the same place, a little over three years, since which time (1874) he has been 
 counected with the Wheel & Seeder Co., manuficturers of grain drills and broad-cast seeders, having a 
 very large and constantly increasing business. In Pond du Lac, Mr. T. has been City Treasurer, and a 
 member of the City Council He is now Secretary, Treasurer and (General Manager of the Wheel & Seeder 
 works. Mr. Town was married, Jan. 1, 1849, by Rev. Alvah Sabin, to Sarah Fargo, of Georgia, Vt.; 
 they have three children — Carrie A., born Aug. 10, 1853; Edmund Carroll, born Oct. 2, 1855, and Minnie 
 D., born June 13, 1858. The Town family is one of the oldest, in an unbroken line, in England or 
 America, the Town coat-of-arms consisting of '■ argent, on a chevron, sable, three-cross crosslets, ermine," 
 dating back to 1274 in England. The first ancestor, according to the " New England Historical and Gen- 
 ealogical Register," now positively known to belong to the family, was William dela-Towne, of Alvely, a 
 village of Shropshire, near Shrewsbury, England. Thereafter the family contained in England many per- 
 sonages of note and high degree. The name " Edmund," given to Byron Town's second son, has been 
 perpetuated over two hundred and fifty years in the family. 
 
 JOHN B. TRIPP, carpenter and joiner; is a native of Oneida Co., N. Y., where he was 
 born in 1843; came to Wisconsin in 1854, and settled in Walworth Co., where he followed farming for 
 eiglit years. In 1862, he enlisted in Co. A, of the 32d W. V. I.; was taken sick and transferred to the 
 invalid c.orp.s at St. Louis, Mo., where he served the rest of his term of service, and was mustered out in 
 July, 1865. He then returned to Fond da Lac, and has since followed the carpenter and joiner's trade. 
 In 1878, he, with his partner, Mr. Scales, built the County Insane Asylum. He was married to Miss 
 Mary Cooper, daughter of Charles Cooper, a farmer of Osceola, Fond du Luc Co., in 1867, she being a 
 native of Scotland ; they have three children — Charles H., Florence M. and Maud E. Mr. Tripp and 
 wife are members of the Congregational Church. 
 
 JOHN J. TRIPP, farmer, See. 36 ; the son of John and Hannah Tripp, nee Robins, of 
 Oneida Co., N. Y., born in 1826 ; he being a farmer's son, spent most of his boyhood at farm work, and 
 attending school during the winter till he acquired a limited common-school education ; in 1847, ho immi- 
 grated to Wisconsin and settled in Fond du Lac Co., where, for the first three years, he tended what is 
 known as the Milton farm on shares; having no seed wheat of his own at the first seeding time, he would 
 flail out some for those who had preceded him long enough to raise a crop, taking for his labor every seventh 
 bushel of wheat so thrashed till he had earned enough to sow on twenty acres ; at the end of three years, 
 he was able to buy his present farm of 142 acres, which he has since improved, and made a comfortable 
 home for himself and family. He was married to Miss Francis A., daughter of Hiram and Lucinda 
 Edgerton, of Fond du Lac Township, in 1848; they have three children — Emma J., Charles C. and Eva. 
 Politically, Mr. Tripp is a Republican, and has been a member of the Town Board for one year. 
 
 C. A. TROWBRIDOEj, watchmaker and jeweler, dealer in silver and plated ware, etc.; born 
 in Ithaca, N. Y.; came to Sheboygan in 1847; resided there until he came here in April, 1869. Mr. 
 Trowbridge has been engaged in his present business for the last twenty four years, and is one of the most 
 reliable dealers in the State. 
 
 JOHN D. TURNER, farmer, Sec. 20; P. 0. Fond du Lie ; is the son of John and Judeth 
 Turner, burn in Cuyalioga Co., Ohio, Jan. 19, 1820 ; he spent his early life on a farm and in a grist-mill in 
 Lorain Co., Ohio, whither his parents removed when he was about 10 years of age; his father being pro- 
 prietor of the mill in Lorain Co., though he had practiced medicine in Cuyahoga Co. for twenty-five years. 
 At the age of 25, John D., the subject of this sketch, returned to hi,s native county, Ohio, and for four 
 years at Rock River Falls was engaged in the manufacture of pearlash ; in May, 1847, he removed to 
 Fond du Lao Co., Wis., and settled on a farm in Sec. 21, then owned by W. B. Ransom; six months 
 later, he removed to Mr. Homiston's farm, in Sec. 30, and, in 1848, bought a farm of twenty acres in 
 Sec. 20, where he now has sixty acres, and has since made his home. Jan. 15, 1841, he married Miss 
 Matilda, daughter of James and Catharine Harpham, of Center Co., Penu.; their childien are as follows: 
 
FOND DU LAC. 873 
 
 JnliD (deceased), Benona (now of Colorado), Arthur (deceased — killed at, Atlanta), Lelia (Mrs. Truman 
 Hawkins, of VVintcrset, Madison Co., Iowa), Rollin J. (of Fond du Lac), Celia A., Rinaldo D. (of Col- 
 orado), Catharine M. idecea-^ed), and Eddy A. 
 
 ISAAC UXDERWOOD, carpenter; was born near Rochester, Monroe Co., N. Y., Dec. .30, 
 1842 ; son of Joseph Underwood, who was an early settler of Waukesha, \Vi^., where he still resides. 
 After residing eighteen years in Waukesha, Isaac lived one and a half years at Waterville ; removed then 
 to liomira. Dodge Co., where he enlisted in August, 1862, in Co. A, 32d W. V. I.; was in detached serv- 
 ice sis months with the Pioneer Corps ; was in nearly all the battles engaged in by his regiment : mustered 
 out in June, 18(55. He came to Fond du Lae the same year, where he has since resided, except two 
 years spent in Wyoming Territory; Mr. U. began the carpenter's trade in 1865, and has followed it ever 
 since. He was first married at Fond du Lac, Jan. 1, 1867, to Jane Woodward, born in New York State; 
 she died June 4, 1873, leaving one child — -Myrtie Jane, and lost one. He was married a second time, in 
 November, 1S7S, to Minnie Straw, born in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 RICHARD UjVDERWOOD was born at Luudy's Lane, Canada, Feb. 10, 1824; his 
 parents removed to Springfield, Penn., when he was 3 years old ; resided in Pennsylvania, Ohio, 
 Toronto, Buffalo (N. Y.), and removed to Toronto agaig in 1837, where he remained until coming to Mil- 
 waukee Oct. 2, 1846 ; removed to 'Beaver Dam, Dodge Co., in 1849, and, in June, 1868, to Fond du Lac. 
 Mr. Underwood is a plasterer. He was married at Bufialo, N. Y., Sept. 21, 1846, to Hannah Downing, 
 who died in 1847, leaving one son — Henry, a resident of Fond du Lac. He was married, Feb. 10, 1850, 
 to his present wife, Mary J. Hodgman, born at Mason, N. H., May 21, 1830; they have two children 
 living — Frances A., born Jan. 20, 1859, and Willie E., born Nov. 30, 1873; have lost throe — Francis 
 Edwin, born June 19, 1851, died Sept. 6,1854; Richard Lester, born Oct. 17, 1853, died Oct. 13, 
 1857, and J. Elmer, born Nov. 23. 1866, died Nov. 25, 1867. 
 
 PETER VAXDERVOORT was born at Amsterdam, Montgomery Co., N. Y., May 10, 1796, 
 of Holland-Dutch parents; came, Nov. 5, 1844, to Milwaukee, and the next year to the town of Eden, 
 settling on Sec. 17 ; he was a Wesleyan Methodist preacher, and held the first services in the house in 
 which he lived ; his house, which was 25x32 feet, was called the '■ Big Shanty," and in it for several 
 years all elections for that section were held. Mr. V., who went from Amsterdam to Plattsburg, N. Y., 
 when 11 years of age, served all through the war of 1812, in Seth Sherry's company, Col. Miller's regi- 
 ment. He was married at Plattsburg, Dec. 24, 1829, to Miss Maria Bartlett, who was born at Chazy, 
 Clinton Co., N. Y., Oct. 16, 1808; they have had seven children — Elizabeth B., born Oct. 1, 1832, died 
 as the wife of C. C. Lewis July 14, 1868 ; Julia Ann, born July 3, 1843. died in 1845 at Milwaukee; 
 Peter V., Paul, Cornelius, Michael and Ann Maria, now Mrs. William Fisher, of Eau Claire, Wis. 
 
 D. R. VAN DUYNE was born in the township of Pequawnock, Morris Co., N. J., May 1, 
 1807 ; son of Richard Van Duyne, who was the son of Martin Van Duyne, whose father, James, came 
 from Amsterdam, Holland, with his father and mother, when a boy, and lived with his parents on Long 
 Island, now Brooklyn, N. Y., and afterward settled in New Jersey, and built the house in which Daniel 
 R., Richard, his father, and Martin, his grandfather, were born. The subject of this sketch lived with 
 his father and mother till he was 16 years of age, when he left his father's house and engaged in the trade 
 of edge-tool making, and continued at that some six years ; he then purchased a farm at Vine Brook, in 
 his native township, and became a successful farmer, owning and occupying the farm for twenty years ; 
 having sold out, in September, 1849. he moved to Wisconsin, and purchased a section of land where the 
 station called Van Duyne, on the North-AVestern Railway, in the town of Friendship, Fond du Lac Co., 
 is situated, adjoining the line of Winnebago Co.; since then, he removed to the city of Fond du Lac, and, 
 at this date, resides on J]ast Division street. Mr. Van Duyne was married to Miss Phebe Crane, of Cald- 
 well, Pjssex Co., N. J., March 10, 1827; to them were born three children — Slarcus Eugene, Aug. 1, 
 1828, died in infancy; Richard Voorhies, born June 17, 1830, died Feb. 23, 1870, and Anna H., born 
 April 7, 1839, now living in TInion Township, Union C'>., N. J., the wife of Henry J. Woodward; Mr. 
 Van Duyne's wife died May 30, 1866. In August, 1869, he went to San Francisco, Cal.; spent three 
 years traveling with horse and buggy between Los Angeles, Cal., and the line of British Columbia, near 
 the Frasier River, visiting many of the islands in Puget Sound, opposite Vancouver's Island, using the 
 same horse and buggy the whole time ; in November, 1872, he returned to Fond du Lac, and having 
 purchased a small drove of horses, drove them to New York, single handed, by way of Milwaukee, Chi- 
 cago, Fort Wayne, Canton (Ohio), Sharon, Franklin, Phillipsburg, Mauch Chunk, Easton (Penn.), Morris- 
 town and Elizabeth City, N. J., thenoe via Newark to New York, sold them and returned to Fond du Lac. 
 On the 6th day of June, 1874, he married Mrs. Jane Hadlock. Mr. Van Duyne built the house in 
 which he now lives ; did all the carpenter work without plan or bill of lumber from carpenter or architect; 
 
874 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 also all the cellar walls ; also his barn and about forty rods of picket fence ; was about two years in com- 
 pleting it, and now lives retired on the fruits of his labor, at the ripe old age of 73. 
 
 DAXIEIj VARXEY, speculator ; is a native of Addifon Co., Me. ; born in January, 1802 ; 
 spent most of his time there on a farm till 1852, when he was called upon to settle up the estate of a 
 deceased brother, whoso death occurred that year; in 1853, he came West for his health, and in the fol- 
 lowing year settled at Fond du Lac, Wis.; here, for the two years following, he was engaged in buying 
 grain, and, in 1856, he became interested in real-estate speculations, which has been his principal business 
 since that time ; in 1859, he began loaning money on Kansas land, by which some of it fell into his 
 hands, which caused him an annual visit to that State for the next ten years. In 1829, he married Miss 
 Sarah C. Dow, daughter of Winthop and Susan Dow, of Lincoln, Vt. ; they had one child — deceased ; 
 Mrs. Varney died in 1832 ; he was married a second time, in 183G, to Mrs. Kczia Lawrence, widow of 
 John Lawrence, of Jlonkton, Vt., she having two sons — George and John Lawrence, the latter deceased. 
 
 AKTON VO<wT was born in Switzerland Oct. 20, 1828; came to New York Feb. II, 1848 ; 
 came soon after to Milwaukee ; went to Oshkosh for seven months, two and one-half years later, and 
 then came to Fond du Lac; he engaged in tailoring until the war, when he enlisted Aug. 15, 1862, in 
 Co. E, 26th W. V. I. ; served one and one-half years, participating in the battles of Chancellorsville and 
 Gettyaburg. Returned to Fond du Lac and worked seven yeai's for Paul Hauser, then began business for 
 him!:elf ; Mr. V. is proprietor of a beer hall. He was first married at Fond du Lac, Jan. 6, 1853, to 
 Gertrude Trautvetter, born in Saxony, who died in October, 1853 ; he married, May 5, 1856, Mary 
 Glocke, born in Germany ; they have had two children, but none are now living. Sir. V. is a member of 
 the I. 0. O. F. Lodue. 
 
 «E1«. LY.IlAN M. WARD was born Oct. 15, 1836, in Cattaraugus Co., i\. Y. ; came to 
 F<md du Lac in 1850; engaged fur some time in the public schools of the city. Enlisted in April, 1861, 
 in the three-months service ; was appointed Orderly Sergeant of Co. I, 1st W. V. I. ; re-enligted for 
 three years at the end of first term, and was commissioned Captain ; was successively promoted to Major, 
 Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel of the 14th W. V. I. ; was in command of a brigade two years, receiving 
 the brevet rank of Brigadier General. Gen. Ward is now engaged in fruit-growing at Benton Harbor, 
 Mich. He was a member of the Michiuan Legislature for 1879-80. 
 
 JAMES FRANKLISr WARE, attorney; was born in Litchfield, Me., Feb. 11, 1849; 
 came to Hortonville. Wis., in 1855 ; graduated from Lawrence University in 1871 : from the Law 
 Department of Michigan University in 1873, and then came to Fond du Lac and began the practice of 
 law, being a member of the firm of Gilson & Ware. Mr. Ware was the Republican nominee for 
 the Assembly in 1876, and was elected Assemblyman on that ticket in November, 1879. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Ktiights of Pythias. 
 
 afOHX WAIiliER, mason ; was born in Norfolk County, England, July 18, 1819; came to 
 New York City, where he worked at his trade eight mouths, in 1848; removed to Milwaukee in 1849, 
 and in January, 1850, came to Fond du Lac. Mr. Waller was married, in England, May 22, 1840, to 
 Sarah Odham, a native of Lincolnshire, England ; she died in Fond du Lac in 1853, leaving two children 
 — John Robert, born in England, and Mary, born in Wisconsin. Mr. Waller was the builder of some of 
 the best business blocks in Fond du Lac. 
 
 HE^'RV W'AIjIjICHS, grocer and druggist ; was born in Germany Jan. 10, 1842; lived 
 in New York City one yeqr before coming to Fond du Lac, which ho did in 1863, engaging a3 a clerk ; 
 in 1870, he began business for himself, which he has since continued. He was married, at Fond du Lac, 
 in April, 1873, to Bertha Rueping, who was born at Essen, Germany, Oct. 11, 1851 ; they have two 
 children — Henry and AVilliam. Mr. W. is an Odd Fellow. 
 
 COL. JEROME A. WATROUS. The subject of this sketch was born in the town of 
 Conklin, Broome Co., N. Y., Sept. 6, 1840, and came with his parents to tbe Territory of Wisconsin in the 
 fall of 1844, and located at Sheboygan Palls. In the spring of 1849, his parents moved to what is now 
 Hayton, Calumet Co., where they remained until October, 1850, at which time his mother and her six 
 children, in consequence of the death of husband and father, which occurred on the 10th of September of 
 the same year, returned to New York. At the age of 10 years, young Watrous was obliged to earn his 
 own living, which he did by working nine months of the year on a farm, the other three months being 
 spent in district school. This was continued until he arrived at the age of 15 years, when he " worked 
 and earned wages " for two summers, and attended school one winter, and taught school the winter follow- 
 ing his 16th birthday in the village of Brookdale, Susquehanna Co., Penn. The following July, with 
 one suit of clothes, $3 in money and a ticket to'Sheboygan, in company with an older brother, he started 
 for his old home in Wisconsin, and the second day after his arrival at Hayton, commenced work on a farm 
 
rOND DT' LAC. 875 
 
 for $13 a month. For two winters he taught district school in Calumet Co., and, in the spring of 1S59, 
 walked to Appleton, carrying his worldly posse.ssions in an oil-cloth grip-sack, and entered Lawrence Uni- 
 versity, intending to work his way through college and adopt the law as his profession. When his funds 
 had nearly run out, he learned that an apprentice was wanted in the Appleton (JrvsceM printing office. 
 He withdrew from the school, with the consent of Prof R. Z. Mason, wlio was Acting President, and 
 entered upon the duties of printer's devil. That same year he commenced writing local items for the 
 Orescent, which were each morning submitted to the editor, Judge Samuel Ryan, who at first would cut a 
 foolscap page of carefully prepared manuscript down to sis or eight lines, and indorse it, " Young man, 
 you must learn to condense, if you expect to be an editor." At the end of six months, Mr. Ryan ceased 
 the cutting-down process. For a couple of months during the winter of 1800, young Watrous was local 
 editor of the Mena.sha Conservator, a paper founded by ex-Governor Harrison Reed, of Florida. He then 
 returned to the Crescent office, and, in February, 1861, became one of the editors and publishers of the 
 paper. In June of the same year, he enlisted as a private in the first company that left Appleton, and 
 became a member of Co. P], 6tli W. V. I., and remained a member of that regiment four years, lacking a 
 few days. In March, 1862, he was made Ordnance Sergeant of King's Brigade, which afterward became 
 the Iron Brigade of the West, and, after the battle of Antietam, was promoted to Ordnance Sergeant of 
 the division. Returning to his regiment at his own request, he was at once made Sergeant Major, and very 
 soon after that was commissioned First Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 6th. In a few months, he was 
 made Adjutant General of the Iron Brigade, then commanded by Gen. John A. Kellogg. At the battle 
 of Gravelly Run and White Oak Road, his horse was shot, three bullet-holes were made in his clothing, 
 and he was taken prisoner. This occurred on the Blst of March. Reaching Libby Prison, Richmond, on 
 Sunday, the 2d of April, 1865, he was soon gladdened by hearing that all the prisoners were to be paroled 
 and sent to City Point, then in the Union lines. The prisoners were sent to Annapolis, Md., and the 
 officers were granted a thirty -days leave of absence. He was brevetted Captain for " gallant and meritorious 
 conduct in battle," the commission dating from March 31. Under a general order. Issued May 15, all 
 paroled prisoners were directed to be mustered out of the service. Adjt. Watrous was reported killed in 
 the battle of March 31, and had the pleasure of reading handsome obituary notices of him.self in the State 
 Journal, Appleton Orescent, Green Bay Advocate and several other Wisconsin papers. While in the 
 army, he corresponded for the Appleton Crescent, State Journal, Washington Chronicle, Indianapolis 
 Journal, Chippewa Falls (/Hio», the Montrose (Penn.) Republican and the Binghamton (N. Y.) Democrat. 
 Returning to Wisconsin in June, 1865, after taking four days to visit, he bought a half-interest in the 
 Jackson County Banner, at Black River Falls, and resumed his profession. For a year he edited the 
 paper, did the press work, set type, did job work, canvassed, collected and fiught the wolf from the door. 
 In 1866, he was made Superintendent of Schools for Jackson Co., and that fall received the Republican 
 nomiuation for the As.sembly from the district composed of Clark and Jackson Cos., and was elected by a 
 large majority, and was the youngestmember of the House, being 26 years of age. He served on two regular 
 committees, and was a member of a special committee of three to investigate the aflfairs of the Insane 
 Asylum at Madison. It was while a member of the Legislature that he became a temperance man. In 
 1868, Gov. Fairchild seut Capt. Watrous a commission as Colonel, and a member of his military family. 
 A similar commission was .sent him by the same Governor in 1872, and Gov. Smith has twice commissioned 
 him Colonel. In August, 1869, Col. Watrous, in company with Hon. S. S. Fifield, who has since been 
 Speaker of the Assembly, and a State Senator, and T. B. Reid, Consul to Funehal. bought the Fond du 
 Lac Commonwealth. In 1870, he was the Republican candidate for Congress in his district. He remained 
 one of the editors and proprietors of that paper until March, 1876, when he rented his interest to his part- 
 ner, H. M. Kutchin, and a year later sold to the same gentleman. In 1873, Col. Watrous joined the 
 Temple of Honor, a temperance and fraternal society. In 1875, he was chosen Grand Worthy Vice Tem- 
 plar, and September of that year he was made Grand Worthy Templar by the resignation of Dr. W. A. 
 Gordon, of Oshkosh. He has been unanimously re-elected, by acclamation, every year since, having held 
 the office nearly five years, during which time the Order has grown from ten Temples to 23t). In May, 
 1876, Col. Watrous, .seeing the need of a paper to assist him in introducing the Order, of which he was the 
 head, started the Appeal, a six-column monthly. It was enlarged to seven columns the following year, and 
 set in new type. During an experience of three years, the paper cost its proprietor $1,000 more than it 
 returned, but is now on a'paying basis. In February, 1870, the Appeal was moved to Milwaukee, given 
 a new dress of smaller type, thus enls.rging it to a considerable extent. It is the leading temperance news- 
 paper in the West. In July, 1879, he bought an interest, in the Milwaukee Snndai/ Telegraph, and, in 
 October following, bought another interest, which gave him an undivided half of the paper, his partner 
 being Col. E. A. Calkins. The two Colonels have the reputation of ranking among the best editors in the 
 
87t) BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 State. In 1872, Col. Watrous took an active part in organizing the Northern Wisconsin Press Associa- 
 tion, and served two years as its President, being succeeded by A. T. Glaze, of the llipon Commonwealth. 
 Though engaged in business in Milwaukee, he still resides at Fond du Lac. 
 
 JOHX WEBEK, merchant tailor; was born in Hessea in 1834 ; learned his trade in his native 
 country, and came to America in 185-1; remained in New York a short time, then moved to Baltimore, 
 Md., whence, in 1858, he came to Fond du Lac, where he has since followed his trade. In 1860, he 
 married Miss Agnes Carstenes, of Fond du Lac ; she was a native of Germany ; they have seven children, 
 as follows — George W. H., Andrew H., Edward (deceased), Lydia T., Fredrick W., John B. (deceased), 
 and Jacob S. Mr. Weber is a member of the Temple of Honor. His family are members of the Meth- 
 odist Clmrch. 
 
 W. F. WEBER, editor, publisher and bookbinder, was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, Oct. 8, 
 1851, where he learned his trade of bookbinder, after attending the public schools the usual period ; he 
 came to Chicago in September, 1871, where he resided three years; located at Marquette, Mich., six 
 months, and came to Fonddu Lie in July, 1874, where he has since carried on the business of a bookbinder. In 
 March, 1878, Mr. Weber became the editor and proprietor of the Nordwestliclier Courier^ a German news- 
 paper, which he has since published. He was married at Ripon, Wis., May 15, 1877, to Matilda Weber, a 
 native of Theresa, Wis.; they have one child — Amelia, living, and have lost one, Josephine. They are 
 members of the German Catholic Church. 
 
 JESSE C. AVEDGE, Vice President ofthe Wheel and Seeder Co.; is a native of Lewis Co., N. Y., 
 born in 1821 ; lived there on a farm with his father till about 23 years of age; in 1844, he immigrated 
 to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on a farm in what is now known as Wedge Prairie in Waupun 
 Township, where he spent about twenty years at farming; from there he came to Fond du Lac, and was 
 interested in various enterprises till 1874, when he with others formed the incorporation known as the 
 Wheel and Seeder Co., with which he has since been connected. In 1854, he married Miss Lovina Bent, 
 daughter of Albert Bent, a fiirmer of Lewis Co., N. Y. Mr. Wedge has been a Mason since 1859. 
 
 THOMAS S. WEEKS, gunsmith, was born near Highland Mills, Orange Co., N. Y., and 
 removed to Goshen, when IG years of age, where he lived until coming to Fond du Lac in 1849, with 
 Samuel B. Amory. He learned the trade of a gunsmith before coming to Fond du Lac, and has followed 
 it continuously ever since, going into business for himself in June, 1860. Mr. Weeks, who is a bachelor, 
 was a member ofthe Assembly in 1874, and was elected Alderman ofthe Second Ward in 1877 for three 
 years, but resigned in 1879. 
 
 W. H. WEIjLjS, banker; was born in Orange Co., N. Y. ; resided at Cold Spring and New- 
 burg; was connected with the banking business twenty years before coming to Fond du Lac, where he 
 opened a private bank for the transaction of a general banking and exchange business, in May, 1870. 
 
 FKEI>KICK WEYER, dealer in wines and liquors, etc., No. 17 Division street; was 
 born in the province of Brandenburg, Prussia, March 19, 1835 ; in 1852, he emigrated to America, and 
 lived at Cambria, N. Y., about seven years, at the end of which time he came to Fond du Lac ; October, 
 1861, he enlisted in Co. A, 2d W. V. C, returned in 1863, and served until the spring of 1866, when he 
 was honorably discharged at Austin, Tex.; he participated in a number of severe engagements, the principal 
 ones being at Helena, Ark., Vicksburg, and a series of battles around that place and Memphis. Mr. Weyer 
 has been married twice, first wife was Annie Kramer, she died March 28, 1870 ; present wife was Eliza 
 Dienger; one child — Freddie; Mr. W. has been in business in Fond du Lie since 1867. In politics, he 
 is a llepublican. 
 
 JACOB WHEELER, foreman on third floor in Meyer's sash, door and blind factory, is a 
 native of Vermont; born in 1830; learned his trade in his native county, and in 1854, emigrated 
 to Berlin, Wis,, where he followed the sash, door and blind manufactory till 1863, whence he went 
 to Eureka, Wis., and continued it for one year ; in October, 1864. came to Fond du Lao, and began 
 work for Mr. Meyer in his factory ; in 1865, he became foreman of sash, door and blind work and has 
 remained in that position since that time. He married Miss Mary Smith, daughter of John F. Smith, 
 boot and shoe manufacturer of Ilubbardton, Rutland Co., Vt., April 26, 1851 ; they have had two sons — 
 Frank B., deceased, and Freddie. 
 
 REV. L. N. WHEELER, Presiding Elder of the Fond du Lac District; was born at 
 Waukesha, Wis., Feb. 28, 1839 ; came to Fond du Lac in 1845 ; three years 'later, his father, Truman 
 Wheeler, was killed while securing timber for the grist-mill frame erected back of the Court House; his 
 mother died here in 1857. Mr. Wheeler was educated at the Union School in this city; received the 
 degree of A. M. from Lawrence University in 1878 ; learned the printer's trade with Royal Buck ; was 
 foreman of a printing office for some time ; published the Omro Republican one year ; was then licensed 
 
FOND DV LAC. 877 
 
 to preach in the 31. E. Church, and appointed to the Two Rivers Circuit, which included most Manitowoc 
 Co., and a part of Kewaunee, where he remained one year ; at Byron two years ; Empire two years ; Sheboy- 
 gan nearly a year, and in 1805, was appointed missionary to China ; did there general mission work, and super- 
 intended the mission press of Foo-Chow ; for some time, while at Foo-Chow, China, he edited an Anglo- 
 Chinese magazine ; his health failing, he removed to Peking, where, as the first M. E. missionary, he remained 
 for four years ; his health still failing, he returned home via Japan and California, thus completing the circuit 
 of the world ; after his return, Mr. W. was stationed two years at Manitowoc ; two years at Lake Mills, Wis. ; 
 two years at Court Street Church, Janesville ; appointed, in the fall of 1878, Presiding Elder of the Fond 
 du Lac District ; while at Manitowoc, Mr. W. was active during the war in raising recruits, making 
 speeches, and was commissioned by the Governor, Captain of a militia company. He was married at 
 Oshkosh, Nov. 20, 1857, to Mary E. Davis, born at Gouverneur, N. Y., Sept. 24, 1828 ; they have five 
 children — Frances Irene, Carrie Ada, Aggie May, Lucy E. and Laura Maud ; they lost four children in 
 infancy. 
 
 HEXRY T. WHINFIEIiD, salesman in Whittelsey's dry-goods store, was born in Wisbech, 
 England in 1839,shortly after which his parents removed to London, (hence to America in 181(5, and settled at 
 Taycheedah, Fond du Lac Co., Wis. ; thence to Fond du Lac in 1848, where he lived on a farm for a few 
 years ; in 1853, he entered Lawrcfnce University, at Appleton, Wis., where he remained as a student till 
 1850 ; returning to Fond du Lac, he was clerk in T. B. Mason's tea store for the next three years ; in 
 1859, he returned to Taycheedah and taught school for two winters ; thence to Fond du Lac again for 
 eight years, being clerk in a dry-goods store for Sewcll Bros.; in 1869, by invitation he formed a copartner- 
 ship with Carswell & Mason, dealers in dry goods, carpets, etc., which lasted one year; after its dissolution 
 he clerked one year for C. J. Pettibone ; then with John Sewell, afterward Carswell & Sewell, till the 
 summer of 1878 ; when the firm was dissolved he became salesman in Whittelsey's dry-goods store. He 
 was married to Miss Jemima Howe, daughter of J. E. Howe, farmer, of Geneva Lake, in 1868. They 
 had two children — Fredrick and an infant, both of whom are deceased ; Mrs. Whinfield died Nov. 21, 
 1876. 
 
 S AMUELi WHITMORE, flirmer. Sec. 5 ; P. O. Fond du Lac ; is a son of Thomas and Amy 
 Whitmore, of Leicestershire, England, and was born in 1818. At the age of 13, he was put to work on 
 a farm by his father, who was a carpenter and joiner in that country, but preferred to have his son to be a 
 farmer ; Samuel continued bis agricultural vocation in his native country till 1847, when in January he with 
 his wife and child set sail for America, and landed in New Orleans the 15th of March following, reaching 
 Fond du Lac Co. one month later, with only sixpence in his pocket to support his little family ; his reso- 
 lution, stimulated by the necessities of his loved ones, soon found him something to do ; removing his fam- 
 ily to a small shanty on his brother's farm, he worked by the day till he was able to buy that pioneer 
 necessity — the cow — from which his wife, by churning the milk with a spoon, made and sold one hundred 
 pounds of butter within the year; by the year 1850 he had saved enough money to pay his brother $200 
 for 80 acres of land in Sec. 5, town of Fond du Lac, where he has since lived and continued as an honest 
 farmer, wlio now enjoys the reward of his many years of toil. Oct. 12, 1845, he was married to Mi.ss 
 Elizabeth, daughter of James and Sardi Gamble, of Leicestershire, England, who has shared his toils and 
 pleasures through life thus far ; they had six children — Sarah A. (Mrs. V. Pitcher, of Fond du Lac, deceased ), 
 Jay (deceased), Mary (now Mrs. Nelson Vandervoort, of Fond du Lac), George, William and Samuel. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Whitmore are members of the Methodist Church. 
 
 P. Jf WICKERT, proprietor meat market; was born in Prussia Jan. 17, 1843; came directly 
 to Fond du Lac in October, 1865, and engaged in C. J. L. Bleyer's fttctory; in the spring of 1879, he 
 began his present business. He was married in Fond du Lac, Feb. 8, 1868, to Margaretta Terners, a 
 native of Prussia; they have one child, Amelia, born Nov. 20, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. W. are members of 
 the German Evanselical Church. 
 
 W. W. WILiCOX, master mechanic in Mr. C. J. L. Meyer's machine-shop ; is a native of 
 Batavia, Genesee Co., N. Y.; born in 1833; he spent his early life, till he reached his 16th year, with his 
 father on the farm; in 1849, he immigrated to Wisconsin and settled at Neenah; in 1863, he began 
 steamboating on the Mississippi River, which was continued for four years, during which time he assisted 
 in putting up the machinery on three steamboats for that river; in 1867, he moved to Fond du Lac, and 
 for three years following was employed as machinist in the Union Iron Works, where he superintended 
 the construction of fourteen steam engines, and one for a boat on lake Winnebago; in 1870, he was 
 employed as engineer in Mr. Meyer's sash, door and blind factory for a short time, when he was assigned 
 foreman of Mr. Meyer's raachinoshop; holding this position till 1873, he was appointed master mechanic 
 and superintendent of all his engines; he has built nine steam engines for Mr. Meyer, among them one 
 
878 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 of 200-horse power for the Chicago factory, and one the same size for the Fond du Lac factory. In 
 1856, he married Miss KUen S. MiTck, daughter of Jonatlian T. Mack, a farmer, of the town of Fond du 
 Lac, but she a native of Connecticut; they have one daughter, Florence, now Mrs. K. C. Baker, of Fond 
 du Lac. Mr. and Mrs. W. are members of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 BENJA:TIIX wild began the business of baking in Fond du Lac in 1860, which he has 
 continued to the present time ; in 1869, he built and established the large steam bakery on Second street, 
 in which he employs nineteen men and works up fifteen barrels of flour per' day ; he also manufactures 
 confectionery, the entire business amounting to $80,000 per annum ; he employs three traveling sal&smen, 
 who sell principally in Michigan and Wisconsin. He has a femily of six children. Mr. Wild was born 
 at Staffordshire, England, in 1828, he was married in that country, in 1848, to Miss Eliza Bonell, and 
 came to America, landing at Jlilwaukee in 1850. 
 
 WALTER WILD, book-keeper; was born at Milwaukee, Wis., Nov. 19, 1853. He has 
 been connected with his father in business since he was 18 years of age, and is now book-keeper for his 
 fother's steam bakery, on Second street, Fond du Lac. He was married at Fond du Lac, Oct. 17, 1878, 
 to Miss Aggie L Jones, who was born in this city. He is a member of the Fond du Lac Lodge, Royal 
 Arcanum. 
 
 DR. WILLIAM WILEY, physician and surgeon ; was born at Randolph, Orange Co., 
 Vt. ; came to Taycheedah in August, 1849, and to Fond du Lac in 1850, where he has since resided 
 and practiced his profession. Dr. Wiley served as a volunteer surgeon in the rebellion ; that is, served 
 witliout pay. 
 
 CHARLES A. WILKE, of the firm of Sittler & Wilke, cigar manufacturers ; is a native 
 of German}', where he was born in 18-19 ; June, 186^-!, he, with parents, came to America, and located at 
 Sheboygan ; went to Michigan in 1870, and followed his trade there for one year, when he returned to 
 Sheboygan Falls for a short time, whence, in 1872, he came to Fond du Lac, and was employed by Bush 
 Bros, till 187-4; from 1874 to 1876, by Jos. Wolfe, cigar manufacturer, after which he was in Milwau- 
 kee for about eight months; January, 1878, he returned to Fond du Ijac ; worked for Mr. Wilke till 
 October, 1878, when he became a partner. Married Miss Lydia Grifl^a, of Fond du Lac, in 1874 ; they 
 have lv,'o children — Charlie and Olga. 
 
 WASHIN(]JTO]V WILKE, trustee for Hiner & White; is a native of Ohio, where 
 he was born Dec. 18, 1830 ; at 9 years of age, he came, with parents, to Michigan, where 
 he lived till 1848, when he came to Mayville, Dodge Co., Wis., and became engaged in a 
 furniture manufactory. In 1862, he disposed of his interest in the furniture business at Mayville, and 
 moved thence to Fond du Lac for three years; thence to Green Bay in 1865, where he engaged in saw- 
 milliug for about four years. In 1869, he returned to Fond du Lac, and became Superintendent of 
 Union h'on Works, in which position he remained till the failure of the firm in February, 1878, when he 
 was elected Trustee by the creditors of the firm. Mr. Wilke has been a member of the I. O. O. F. fra- 
 ternity since 1857. In 1850, he married Miss Eliza White, daughter of James and Isabella White, of 
 Dodge Co., Wis., she being a native of Scotland ; born Feb. 2, 1832 : they have two children — James 
 A., druggist, and Mattie A. The fimily are connected with the Congregational Church. 
 
 JOHN WILLIAMS was born in Somerton, Somersetshire, England, Jan. 13, 1848 ; came to 
 New York in September, 1867, whence, after a few weeks, he came to Fond du Lac for eighteen months ; 
 spent 18 months then at Wayland, Allegan Co., Mich ; returned to Fond du Lac; where he has since 
 resided; engaged in painting and glazing, which he learned at the age of 15; he is now foreman of C. 
 J. L. Meyer's painting and glazing department. Mr. W. was married at Fond du Lac June 19, 1868, 
 to Elizabeth A. Moore, born in Dr.aycott, Somerset.shire, England ; they have three children — John F., 
 Albert George and Lulu P< arl. 
 
 O. T. WILLIAMS, attorney, of the firm of Giffin & Williams; was born at Homer, Cort- 
 land Co., N. Y., Oct. 19, 1845 ; removed, at 10 years of age, to Whitewater, Wis., where his father died : 
 resided with Rev. Sheldon, a half brother ; spent about nine years on a farm in Rock Co., and attended 
 school winters ; afterward spent seven terms in Milton College ; took a classical course in Lawrence Univer- 
 sity, graduating in 1872; was one year Principal of the schools of Ft. Howard, Wis.; graduated in June, 
 1874, from the Law Department of Madison (Wis.) University, and, in August of that year, began prac- 
 ticing law with Coleman & Spence, Fond du Lac; in February, 1875, became a member of the present 
 firm. Mr. W. was married at Pewaukee, Wis, J^me 30, 1876, to Anna E., daughter of Prof Alexander 
 North, of Carroll College ; they have two children — Lynn A. and an infiint son. Mr. Williams is a mem- 
 ber of the Odd Fellows' Lodge and Congregational Church. 
 
rOND DU LAC. 879 
 
 HKXRY J. WOliF, wagon-maker; was born in Prussia Sept. 24, 1847 ; came to America 
 ■with liis lather, Louis Wolf, in 1848, who located at Marshficld, in this county, ami died in Fond du Lac 
 Town April 2, 1870 ; at the age of" 17, Henry left the farm and came to Fond du Lac, learned the black- 
 smith's trade, and has been engaged in business for liiiiisclf during the past three years. Mr. W. was 
 married in Fond du Lac, Feb. 14, 1870, to Amalia tieutz, a native of Wisconsin ; they liave two children 
 living — Theodore, aged 1(1 years, and Willie, aged 8 ; tliey have lost three, all dying in infancy. 
 
 JOSEPH WOLFF, cigar-maker; was born in Luxemburg. Germany, Slarch 19, 183], and 
 came to America, landing at Boston May 2, 1852; he worked at Williamsburg, N. Y., until the fall of 
 1853, when he removed to Chicago, residing there until March, 1854, at which time he came to Fond 
 du Lac; after arriving in Fond du Lac, he worked for Mr. Martin, at cigar-making, until May, 1855, 
 when the firm of Fromm & Wolff was formed; in June, 1865, Mr. Fromm retired from the firm and 
 Mr. Wolff has carried on the business alone ever since. He was married at Fond du Lac, Aug. (J, 1856, 
 to Barbara Hochrein, a native of Bavaria, whose father, John Hochrein, located in Marshtield in 1846; 
 they have had thirteen children, of whom ten are living — Katie, Emma, John P., Ida, Julia, Anna, Sarah, 
 Frank J., Carl Gustav and Josephina Barbara. Mr. Wolff is a member of the Odd Fellows. Concordia 
 and German-fclnnlish Academy. 
 
 JOHjV WOODHLXIi-was born in the town of JIadison, Madison Co., N. T., Dec. 14, 1818, 
 where he was Lieutenant of an Independent Artillery Company, Captain of a Militia Rifle Company ; 
 engaged in farming, distilling and rectifying, and in the forwarding business; two years before coniiiig to 
 Fond du Lac, which he did in iMay, 1861, Mr. W. sold out his business in New York; at Fond du Lao, 
 he at first engaged in the settlement of lumber interests, but, in the summer of 18G1, went into the post 
 office, in which he has been ever since, most of the time as Deputy Postmaster. 
 
 JAMES WRKiJHT, farmer, Sec. 25; was born in Washington Co., N. Y., in 1819; he 
 is the son of a farmer, hence he was brought up at farm work in his native county; in 1844, he 
 immigrated to Wisconsin, and stopped at Milwaukee for the summer, and in the fall of 1844 came to 
 Fond du Lac, where he settled on a farm of sixty acres, to which he soon added 140 acres of timber, and 
 has gradually added to it till he now owns 320 acres, and by his own toil and honest industry has earned 
 a comfortable home for himself and family, though when they first came to Fond du Lac there was a time 
 when provisions were so scarce that for a few meals they had nothing to eat but potatoes, as was the 
 case with many of the pioneers. Mr. Wright was married to Miss Martha Edgerton, daughter of Joshua 
 and Lovice Edgertou, of Fair Haven, Vt., in 1842 ; they have four children — two sons and two daugh- 
 ters — Joscphene E. (now Mrs. B. T. Hosttetter, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa), Irving H., James E., of Fond 
 du Lac, Martha L. (now Mrs. S. A. Smith, of Oakfield). Mr. and Mrs. Wright are the only two remain- 
 ing of the original members of the Congregational Church. Mr. Wright has given many interesting inci- 
 dents which will be included under the head of pioneer reminiscences. 
 
 JAMES WRIGHT, dairyman and farmer. Sec. 13; P. 0. Fond du Lac; was born in York- 
 shire, England, in 1818, and is the son of a weaver, Peter Wright and Marietta Smith; when 16 
 years of age he was apprenticed to the stone-cutter's trade, at which he worked for twenty-six years ; early 
 in the spring of 1842, he set sail for America, landing in New York May 2 following; he came direct to 
 Wisconsin and settled in Kenosha Co., where he followed farm-laboring till by his industry and economy 
 he saved money enough to buy a farm of eighty acres in that county; in 1846, he sold that farm and 
 bought another of 340 acres in the town of Empire, Fond du Lac Co.; removing thither he made that his 
 home till 1864, when he sold that and bought his present one of 168 acres in Sec. 13, town of Fond du 
 Lac, where ho now follows farming in connection with a large dairy business, keeping from thirty to forty 
 cows, from which he furui.shes to the citizens of Fond du Lac from 140 to 160 quarts of milk daily. Oct. 
 1. 1873, he married Mrs. Kmiua C, widow of Joseph Smitlie, daughter of John and Bcttie Clapham, of 
 Jacksiinville, III., she beinc; a native of Yorkshire, England: she had one son and one daughter at the time 
 of her marriage to Mr. Wright — Henry Smith, now of P^ngland, and Laura, now of England. 
 
 WILLIAM a. WRIGHT, general ticket agent forthe Fond du Lac, Amboy & Peoria R. R.; 
 is a native of Sullivan, Ashland Co., Ohio, where he was born Nov. 26, 1854 ; when he was about 2 years 
 of age his parents moved to Cedar Co., Iowa, and settled on a farm near Tipton; here William spent most 
 of his time till 17 years old; in 1869, he attended school at Tipton, Iowa, after which, during 1870-71, he 
 was a student in the High School at Clarence, Iowa, after which, in the fall of 1872, he attended a com- 
 mercial school at Chicago ; returning to Iowa in the spuing of 1873, he entered Cornell College, where he 
 continued his studies for nearly two years, when, his eyes fiiiling him, he was compelled to leave off his 
 studies and receive medical treatment for them ; he was next in the employ of the Des Moines & Fort 
 Dodge Railway Co. for a little more than a year, when his eyes again failed him and he was forced to quit 
 
880 BTOGBArHICAI. SKETCHES: 
 
 the road; in the sprin<; of 1876, he went to Hampton, Iowa, where he remained in the U. S. Express 
 oflfice till 1877, when he was employed by the contractor of the Fond du 1 ac, Amboy & Peoria II. R. till 
 Jan. 1, 1878 ; May 1, 1879, he was again employed by the Fond du Lac, Amboy & Peoria R. R. Co., and 
 appointed General Ticket Agent of the road. 
 
 DANIEIj baker WYATT, i)hysician and surgeon, was born in Johnson, Lamoille Co., 
 Vt., Feb. 21, 1842 ; his parents removed to Fort Covington, Franklin Co., N. Y., when he was a youth; 
 he read medicine there, and, after graduating from the New York Medical University in 18H3, he 
 returned to Fort Covington, and was engaged in practice in that place until he came to F'ond du Lac in 
 18(i8 ; since coming here, he has given his whole attention to his profession. He was married at Fort 
 Covington, Aug. 31, 18G3, to Mary E. Lincoln, daughter of A. M. Lincoln; she was born in the town 
 where they were married ; they have one daughter — Gertrude Stella. 
 
 S. W. WYATT, msurance agent, came to Fond du Lac in 1866, from Bangor, Franklin Co., where 
 he was born, and began the insurance business ; he represents several of the leading fire and life insurance 
 companies, and has one of the largest agencies in the State, the entire territory of the county belonging to 
 his agency for most of the companies which he represents ; he has fourteen companies, such as the Home, 
 JEtua and North American, representing the largest capital of any agency in the vicinity. 
 
 Ci(EOIS()(E W. YANCY, dealer in musical merchandise, was born at New Cassel, Fond du 
 Lac Co.. in February, 1854, where he lived until 1872, after which he taught school in various places; 
 visited St. Louis and Indiana, and, July 14, 1876. came to Fond du Lac and engaged in his present busi- 
 ness ; in April, 1878, Henry E. Parratt was taken as a partner, under the firm name of Yancy & Parratt, 
 who now carry on the business ; they make a specialty of Chickcring, Mathushek, Bradbury and Kimball 
 pianos, and of the Western Cottage, Schominger and Kimball organs. 
 
 CHARLiES ZICKEKICIi, florist and market gardener, on Grove avenue, is a native of 
 Berlin, Prussia, born Feb. 24, 18111 ; with his parents, he set sail for America, and landed in New York 
 in June, 1848, whence he came to Dodge Co., and lived on a farm with his father until 1851, at which 
 time he came to Fond du Lac and began gardening, which trade he had learned in his native country; in 
 1856, he established a greenhouse on Grove street, where he continued until the spring of 1874, when he 
 built a large brick greenhouse, 24x75 feet, in the center of the school section on Grove street ; here he 
 has thirty acres of land, and houses valued at $5,500. In lS4!t, he married Miss Augusta Deisman, 
 daughter of Christian Deisman, tailor, near Berlin, Prussia. They are members of the Evangelical 
 Church. Mr. Z. has been a Mason for a number of years, belonging to the Royal Arch since 1873. 
 
 LiOUIS 35INKE, Sr., retired grocer ; was born in Germany in 1817 ; learned the cooper's 
 trade at the age of 14 ; immigrated to America, in 1848 ; settled in Fond du Lac in 1849, and worked at 
 his trade till 1854, when he began keeping a grocery store; in 1872, he added a flour and feed depart- 
 ment ; he turned over the business to his sons not a short time since, and has retired from act- 
 ive business life; his business house is regarded as one of the oldest in the city. In 1840, he 
 married Miss Fredreka Andrew, of Germany ; they have had five children — Amelia (now Mrs. 
 Kennie), of Fond du Lac, Herman, Charles, Louis J. and Robert. Herman was born in Germany in 
 1842 ; came to America with his parents in 1848, and worked at the tanner's trade with L. Rueping, from 
 1859 to 1866, when he became connected with the grocery firm of L. Zinke & Sons, where he has since 
 been in business. He married Miss P]mma Schusler, daughter of Joseph Schusler, brewer, of Fond du 
 Lao, in 1870 ; they have three children — Laura, Adala and Richard, Louis J. was born in Fond du Lac 
 in 1851 ; was educated in public schools of this city ; was clerk in dry-goods store for Sharp & Whittelsey 
 from 1865 to 1872, whence to Loughlin & Carey, dry-goods store, from 1872 to 1878, when he became a 
 partner with his brothers in the grocery business. Married Miss Laura Haas, of Fond du Lac, in 1877 ; 
 they have one child. 
 
RIPON. 881 
 
 RIPON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 CHESTER ADKINS, farmer, SfC. 17 ; r. O. Ripon ; was born in Trumbull Co., Obio, Jan. 
 24, 1822 ; liis fatber died wben ho was 5 years of age ; at the age of 20, his stepfather, William, and 
 Elmira Dunham, came to the State of Wisconsin, and settled iu Southport (near Kenosha Co.), for four 
 years, and, in 1844, came to this county and settled in Ceresco, being members of the " Wisconsin Pha- 
 lanx." His stepfather died there in March, 1863 ; his mother is still living with a niece near Eureka, 
 Wis. The subject of this sketch, in 1850, purchased his present farm, upon which he has since resided, 
 of 105 acres. On Dec. 7, 1845, he married Miss Elizabeth Limbert, daughter of George and Margaret 
 Limbert, of Yorkshire, England, who came to the United States in 1840, and setlled in what is now Wal- 
 worth Co., and, in 1844, came to Ceresco, members of " Wisconsin Phalanx," where her mother died in 
 1864, and her father Deo. 24, 1879. Mrs. Adkins was born in Yorkshire, England, Oct. 6, 1826 ; they 
 had four children, three living — George (who married 3Iiss Rosanna Bowen, of Auroraville, Wis., in April, 
 1875; they have two children — ^Ernest and an inftnt, and are living in Dakota Territory; he is working 
 as a stonemason and farmer) ; Ida A. (now Mrs. George Brine, of Ripon Township, married Nov. 2(), 
 1874 ; they have two children — Ina E. and Daisy N. and Vernon M., living at home, and one deceased) ; 
 Melissa J., who died in 1850. 
 
 I). W. AKIN, druggist, was born at Richmond, Ontario Co., N. Y., Oct. 18, 1820; moved to 
 Niagara with his mother at the age of 15 ; came to Fond du Lac in September, 1848 ; platted the village 
 of Marquette in 1849, where he remained until 1864, engaged in the drug business ; from 1866 to 1872 
 was engaged in the boot and shoe business ; also engaged in buying wool for twenty years. Mr. Akin has 
 been Assessor and City Treasurer of Ripon, and is a Vestryman in the Episcopal Church. He was mar- 
 ried, August, 1848, at Bainbridge, Chenango Co.,N. Y., to Mary J. Seeley, a native of that place; they 
 have two children — Levina H., a graduate of the School of Music in Ripon College, and Henry S., a law- 
 yer in New York City, who graduated from Ripon College in 1873, and afterward from Columbia Law 
 School. 
 
 ORRA U. AKIN, druggist, bookseller and agent of the American Express Co.; was born in 
 Richmond, Ontario Co., N. Y., March 20, 1831 ; lived in Lockport, N. Y., from 1836 until the spring of 
 1850, when he came to Marquette, Wis., where he remained until 1858 ; he then removed to Madison, 
 where he was employed for three years in the School Land Department of the State ; came to Ripon in 
 the spring of 1862, and was one year in partnership with his brother-in-law, JL W. Seeley, in the drug 
 business ; from the spring of 1863 until December, 1864, he and his brother, D. W. Akin, canied on the 
 same business as partners; from January, 1865, to September, 1866, he resided at Kingston, Green Lake 
 Co., then returned to Ripon and was in the furniture business about a year ; from 1869 to 1875, he wa.<i 
 engaged in the drug trade with J. M. De Frees; in 1874 and 1875, he was Sergeant-at-Arms of the 
 Wisconsin State Senate; during the war he served nearly a year with the Department of the Missouri, as 
 Paymaster's Clerk; he was agent for the Merchants' Union Express during the time of its existence, and after- 
 ward agent of the American Express Co. until 1873 ; was nearly a year in Iowa in 1875 and 1876 ; returned 
 to Ripon and has been in his present business ever since, his brother, Dennis W., having been associated 
 with him since January, 1878. He has been Mayor of this city, and is serving now as Alderman. April 
 10, 1861, he was married, at Marquette, to Mary A. Curtis, a native of Syracuse, N. Y.; they have four 
 children — Charles C, Alice M., Anna W. and Maiy B. 
 
 liOUIS HI. AIjIjEN, painter, son of Jonathan Allen, one of the first settlers in Oakfield, and 
 who died in Ripon, was borp at Oakfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., Oct. 19, 1845 ; when 9 years of age he 
 moved to Iowa, and three years later came to Ripon, where he has since resided ; he learned the painter's 
 trade in 1867. Mr. Allen is the only charter member of Living Water Lodge, I. 0. G. T., now in good 
 standing. He was married. Oct. 9, 1877, to Antoinette Root, a native of New York State; they have 
 one child — Leo Allen. 
 
 ROBERT ALiLiEN, retired; was born in Durham, England ; came to the town of Brooklyn, 
 Green Lake Co., Wis., in 1847, and located on a farm, which he still owns ; in 1870, he retired from active 
 life and came to Ripon, where his residence now is. Mr. Allen was married at Berlin, Wis., Nov. 27, 
 1860, to Josephine Walton, born at St. Andrews, Province of New Brunswick ; her parents, George and 
 Jane Walton, died in Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co.; Mr. and Mrs. Allen have three children — George R., 
 Maud M. and Frederick W. 
 
882 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 liiEORGE W. ABfNIN was born at Le Ruy, N. Y, Aug. 27, 1816 ; came to Wisconsin in 
 1853, where lie has since resided. He was married, March 27, I8-1-8, to Mrs. Harriet Pierson ; they have 
 six children — Harriet, George W., Grace, Bryant W., Flora B. and Jerome ; Mrs. Anniu lias two chil- 
 dren by her former marriage — Irving J. and Harlow W. Pierson. 
 
 WILLIAM H. APPLEBY' was born in Allegany Co., N. Y., Jan. 29, 1824 ; moved with his 
 parents to Onondaga Co. ; tlien to Crystal Lake Prairie, McHenry Co., 111., July 21, 1838, and the winter 
 following moved to Cook Co., where his parents now live; in the spring of IS4G, Mr. Appleby came to 
 Wisconsin, and May 12 of that year, made a claim of 205 acres of land in Green Lake Co., on Sees. 11 
 and 14, Town 15, Range 12. Mr. A. was married Nov. 5, 1848, to Mary L. Loomer, burn at Dayton, 
 Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., Oct. 21, 1832 ; they have had ten children-^Emma A., now Mrs. Asa E. Holmes, 
 now of Ripon, born March 11, 1850; Gilbert A., born Feb. 15, 1852, died Sept. 17, 1852; Nettie E., 
 now Mrs. Frank A. Flower, of Fond du Lac, born April 20, 1854 ; Flora E., born July 5, 1855 ; Edward 
 F., born Nov. 3, 1857; Lewis H., born March 24, 1860, died Oct. 26, 1862; Kattie H., born June 3, 
 1862; Willie T., born Dec. i, 1864; Clarence, born April 24, 1867, died Oct. 23, 1867; Jennie M., 
 born Nov. 29, 1869. In the spring of 1863, Mr. Appleby with his family moved to Ripon, Fond du Lac 
 , Co., where he now resides. 
 
 DAVID €. ATKINSON, farmer. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Ripon ; was born in Lincolnshire, England, 
 Oct. 6, 1824 ; in 1846, came with his parents, David and Rebecca Atkinson, who settjed in Waterford, 
 Saratoga Co., N. Y., for two years, and in 1S48, came to Wisconsin and settled in Ripon Township, where 
 tliey still reside ; the subject of this sketch, from that time up to 1856, teamed from Ripon to Fond du 
 Lac, Milwaukee and Sheboygan, and assisted his parents upon the farm ; in 1856, he came to his present 
 farm of 180 acres. He has held the office of Supervisor of the town for five years. He married, Sej)t. 
 24, 1857, Miss Harriet Newell Hubbard, daughter of William and Salome Hubbard, of Leverett, 
 Franklin Co., Mass. ; both of her parents died there when she was quite young ; Mrs. Atkinson was born- 
 in Leverett, Blass., Sept. 30, 1828 ; tbey have one child — William A., born May 2, 1859. They are 
 members of the Presbyterian Church ; Mr. Atkinson is a Republican. 
 
 D. D. ATI4INSOM, farmer. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Ripon ; was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 
 August, 1800 ; came to the United States in 1847, and settled in Saratoga Co., N. Y. ; in 1849, came to 
 Wisconsin and settled in the town of Ripon, about half a mile from the city of Ripon ; the next year, 
 moved into the city and built himself a residence on what is now called West street ; remained there three 
 years, and then moved to the farm on Sec. 18, upon which his son, D. C. Atkinson, now lives ; in 1878, 
 he moved to his present farm ; he has always been engaged in farming pursuits. He married Miss 
 Rebecca Cook Sept. 25, 1822, daughter of John and Mary Cook, of Lincolnshire, England; she was 
 born in Lincolnshire, England, Oct. 10, 1798; they had five children, four living, viz.: D. C. Atkinson, 
 whose record is given in this work ; Mary A., born March 21, 1824, now Mrs. David Walford, of Ken- 
 yon, Minn. ; Ruth, born August 6, 1826, married twice, now widow of Uriah Daft ; she had four chil- 
 dren by her first husband and one by the second ; Susan W., born Dec. 21, 1828, now Mrs. W. A. West, 
 of Waupaca, Wis., and one deeea.sed ; Rebecca, born March 28, 1830, married James Lathrop, of New 
 York, and died in July, 1863. 
 
 E. BABCOCK, farmer. Sec. 10; P. 0. Ripon; was born in Albany Co., N. Y., Aug. 22, 
 1828; his parents' names were Joseph and Phoebe Baboock ; his father died in 1872, and his mother in 
 1878; the subject of this sketch was engaged in assisting his parents upon the farm up to the time of his 
 coming West in the fall of 1851 ; he first took up his residence at Berlin, Green Lake Co., Wis., and 
 remained there until the next fall (1852), when he moved to Fond du Lac Co. and purchased the farm in 
 this town where he lias ever since resided, containing 100 acres. He is at present a member of the 
 Board of Supervisors of the county and Chairman of the Town Board. He married Mi.ss Elvira Smith, 
 daughter of David and Emeliiie Smith, of Schoharie Co., N. Y., on the 26th of October, 1853 ; they 
 had throe children — Blanche 1! , miw dcccasi-d, Frank Larue and Fred Leroy, livinsr. 
 
 HENRY i>WI<,}HT BALDWIN, marble dealer; was born at Victory, Cayuga Co., N. 
 Y., Oct. 6, 1837 ; moved to Michigan with his parents in 1838, where he lived until 1859, when he came 
 to Wisconsin ; he has worked at the marble business since 1861 ; began for himself with Cyrus Pedrick 
 in 1864, and became a member of the firm of Stuart & Baldwin, which is still in business. In 1866, 
 Mr. B. was married at Grand Rapids, Mich., Feb. 11, 1874, to Mary J. Pedrick, who was born on Lake 
 Erie on the steamer " James Madison ;'' they have one child — Helen. 
 
 PROF. C. G. BALDWIN was born at Napoli, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., Oct. 10,_ 1852 ; 
 moved to Ohio when 6 years of age; graduated from Oberlin College in 1873, teaching Latin in that 
 institution the last two years; graduated from Andover in 1875, and in that fell came to Ripon College, 
 
#<, 
 
 RIPON. 
 
IflPON. 885 
 
 takinc a position as a member of the Faculty, wliieh lie has since held. Prof. B. was married in Ripon, 
 Aug. 5, 1870, In Ella V. Billincrs, born ne:ir Jamestown, Chautauqua Co., N. Y. 
 
 ASA XEWELIj BARKEY, architect and builder ; was born at Watertown, Jefferson Co., 
 N. Y., Feb. 17, ISl'SJ ; came directly to Kipon, April 3, 185.5, where he has since resided. Ho was mar- 
 ried at Kipon, April 17, 1S()1, to Abigail H. McCord, born in the town of North East, Erie Co., Penn. ; 
 they have two chddren — John T^ynn and Lizzie Gertrude. 
 
 HENRY L,. B.4R\ES, JH. !>., was born in Mexico, Oswego Co., N. Y., April 16, 1835; 
 with parents, Jehiel S. and S.irah Ann (Cjle) Birnes, he immigrated to Wisconsin in lS4(j, and settled 
 on a farm near IMarke.san, Green L;ikc Co., where he spent the next five years of his life at farming; he 
 was educated in the High School of Ripon, and in September, 1854, began the study of medicine with 
 Dr. A. W. Hewitt, then a practicing physician of that city; he attended lectures one term at Rush Med- 
 ical College, of Chicago, and spent a year with Profs. Thayer and Webber, of Cleveland, Ohio, giving 
 special attention to surgery; he graduated from the Cleveland Medical College in March, 1858, and there- 
 upon settled in Dartf.jrd, Green Lake Co., Wis., in which place and in Ripon, his present liome, he has 
 since continued to practice with constantly growing success; in January, 1805, Dr. Barnes went into the 
 United States Service as Assistant Surgeon of the 21st W. V. I. which had just joined in the march from 
 Atlanta to the sea with Gen. Sherman's army through the Caroliuas ; he remained with his regiment 
 until it was mustered out in the summer of that year; his studies while with Profs. Thayer and Webber 
 were especially adapted to fitting him for an army surgeon, so that ho filled the position with marked 
 credit ; at the close of the war, he resumed the practice at Ripon, and here he is now a successful physi- 
 cian ; he is a member of the County and State Medical Societies; Dr. Barnes is a Knight Templar in the 
 Masonic Order, and was .^Iaster of the lodge for several years. Jan. 3, 1801, he was married to Miss 
 iNellie Cody, of Dartfnrd, AVis. ; they have four children. 
 
 H. B. B ATE JI A\, iiroprietor of " Ccresco Mills ;" was born-at Newport, R. L, Dee. 10, 1 841 ; 
 enliste i May, 180:i, in the i>th R. I. V. I. far three months ; re-enlisted as second Sergeant of the 5th R. I. 
 Heavy Artillery, and was promoted to captaincy of Co. C. ; was color-bearer one year. Captain nine 
 months: Adjutant of the post for a time; participated ia all the battles engaged in by his regiment ; was 
 mustered out Aug. 2, 18()5; came to Ripon the same year, and engaged in operating the Ceresco Mills, 
 of which ho is still proprietor and opsrator. Mr. B. was married at Ripon, May 2, 1800, to Jennie M. 
 JIason, born at Hamburg, Erie Co.. N. Y., Feb. 20, 1845 ; they have two children — Luther i\L, born 
 Apiil 14, 18S7, and Henry W., born Aug. 15, ISO!). Mr. B. is a member of the A., F. & A. M., Ripon 
 Chapter and Berlin Comniandcry. 
 
 A. E. BISHOP, proprietor of grocery store ; is a native of County Kent, England; son of 
 George Bishop and I'jiiz.ibijtii Wells ; born in 1833 ; he spent the first years of his life with his father on 
 a farm and in tin hotel of which he was pDprietor; he began the grocery businossjn his native county at 
 an early age, which he ennliaued there till his immigration to America in 1865 ; he settled at Ripon, Wis., 
 and for seven years clerked for iAIr. Kingberry ; in the spring of 1877, he went into the grocery business 
 with Mr. David Clough, and continued as a partner in the firm of Clough & Bishop till the spring of 
 1879. In England, in 1865, he marred Miss Elizabeth, daughter of George and JIargarct Wells, of 
 County Kent, E'i'j;., and, in one week after, sailed for America; they have one daughter — Nellie M. 
 They are members of the (irace JI. E. Cluirch. 
 
 ERASTIIS J. BLODiJETT, son of Louis Frank Blodgett; was born at Beaver Dam, 
 Wis., Oct. 22, 1840; was taken to Vermont when 18 months old, whence, four years afterward, ho was 
 brought to Hartford, Wis., which was his homo till 1805. Li March, 1805, he enlisted in Co. B. 52d 
 W. V. L, and was mustered out in August, 1S05. The nest year he removed to Ripon and learned the 
 painter's trade; during the past two years, he has been a me;nber of the firm of I'reanore & Blodgett, 
 wagon and carriage manufaciurers. Mr. B. was married at Ripon, Nov. 20, 1867, to Miss Emma Lyon, 
 born at St. Albans, Vt.; they have two children — Faunie Lyon and Harvey Charlie. Mr. Blodgett is a 
 member of the Masonic L'mI'JJC. 
 
 L,. F. BLOIXiiEtT, farmer. Sec. 9; P. 0. Ripon; was born in Orleans Co., Vt., April 1, 
 1821); in the year 18l.i, he came to Wisconsin, first locating in Milwaukee, where f)r eighteen months 
 he cliM-ked for Drs. Weeks &, Miller, in the old Hide Block; from there he went to Beaver Dam, Dodge 
 Co., Wis., and clerked for Waldron & Stimpson ; having bought them out, the business was carried on 
 under the firm name of Van Eps & Blodgett; in 1847, lie went to Hartford, Washington Co., and 
 engaged in mercantile busino.<s up to the year 1808, when he came to Fond du Lac Co., and settled in 
 the city of Ripon; in 1870, he purchased his present farm of 100 acres. lie has been married twice, 
 bis first wife being Miss Lacinda Boutwell, of Washington Co., N. Y., to whom he was married Sept. 21, 
 
 CG 
 
886 BIOGRAPHICAL SICETCHES: 
 
 1845 ; she died July 27, 1848, leaving two children, one living — E. J., and one deceased — Esther, who 
 died Aug. 3, 1848 ; his second wife is Miss Elizabeth A. Higby, daughter of Oliver and Clarissa Higby, of 
 Connecticut; they were married Sept 27, 1841) ; they had four sons, two deceased — Lewis F., who died 
 Nov. 3. 18(34, and Edson L., died May 8, 1878; two living— William F. and Arthur. 
 
 W. U. BONJ^Elilj (deceased); was born in Erie Co., Penn., Jan. 1, 18IS ; he came West in 
 1856, and settled six miles north of Rosendale, Rosendale Township, in this county, having purchased 
 there a farm the year before ; he lived there nine years and then moved to Nekimi Township, Winnebago 
 Co., Wis., Nov. 15, 1865, and remained there until the spring of 1867, when he came to this township 
 and resided upon his farm until 1872, when he went back to Winnebago Co. and died there July 22, 
 1873 ; he always followed farming pursuits. He married Miss Margaret E. Goble in Erie Co., Penn., 
 March 6, 1845; her parents were Timothy and Mary B. Goble, of Rochester, N. Y.; they had eight 
 children, seven now living — James M., Austin W., Duane W., George C; Henry W., Wiltsie I. and Wil- 
 son T. (twins), and one deceased — Eliza J. Mrs. Bonnell is still livins. 
 
 ALVAX EARL BOVAY, A. M., of Ripon, was born July 12, 1818, in the town of 
 Adams, Jefferson Co., N. Y. ; graduated at Norwich University, Vt., in July, 1841, and was afterward 
 Principal of the Glens Falls and Oswego Academies, in New York State ; Professor of Languages in the 
 Bristol (Penn.) Military College, and Professor of Mathematics in the New York City Commercial 
 Institute. Mr. Bovay also had studied law and was admitted to the bar of the State of New York at 
 Utica in July, 1846. He was married to Caroline Elizabeth, daughter of Ransom Smith, in St. Luke's 
 Church, Hudson street. New York City, by the Rev. Dr. Forbes, Nov. 25, 1846, and settled with his 
 family at Ripon Oet. 5, 1850, where, in the November following, he laid out '' Bovay's Addition to the 
 City of Ripon." Mr. Bovay was the framer of the earliest Republican organization ever formed, on the 
 20th of March, 1854, at Ripon, during the pendency of the '' Nebraska Bill " in the House of Represent- 
 atives. He was a member of the Assembly for the First District of Fond du Lao Co., in 1859 and 
 1860, where he was the author of the famous, much-abused and finally much-rescinded " resolutions of 
 '59.'' Mr. Bovay took an active part in all abolition movements ; served in the army, in which he was 
 Major of the 19th W. V. I., and also Provost Mars'dal of the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth, in 
 Virginia. He is now living in retirement at Ripon. 
 
 JEHDIAH BOWEX, banker and merchant; was born in Breckenshire, pari,sh of Llanelly, 
 South Wales, July 19, 1817; came to America and located in Luzerne Co., Penn., in 1830, where his 
 father, John Bowen, died in 1867. Mr. B. came to Ripon — then a huddle of four buildings — June 17, 
 1850 ; July 29, returned to Pennsylvania, and, Oct. 26, returned with his daughter to make a permanent 
 residence. He erected a store where the Kingsbury Block now is, and began business in it Dec 15 of 
 that same year, as a dealer in general merchandise, continuing eight years in that building, and in another 
 store, until 1864. In 1863, he began the hardware business with 0. J. Clark, which connection continued 
 until March, 1877. In 1867, Mr. B. had an interest with J. D. Hamilton in the Iwot and shoe business, 
 the entire control of which came into his hands in 1872. In 1855, he opened a branch store at Brandon, 
 which continued about three years; in 1861, opened another at Waupun, which ran three years; in 
 1866, he conducted a store at Red Wing, Minn., for a time; in 1857, owned two farms, but disposed of 
 them as soon as pos-sible ; in May, 1864, began the business of banking with Charles F. Wheeler, which 
 has been continued ever since ; in 1855, with others, built a mill at Brandon, which he ran one and a half 
 years, in connection with partners, and, in Ripon, he has been engaged almost continually for thirty years 
 in building residences and business blocks. Mr. Bowen has been connected with the Ripon College from 
 its foundation ; is connected with the Congregational Church ; was Mayor in 1859 and 1868 ; a member 
 of the Assembly ia 1871; a member of the City Council ; was appointed Postmaster in 1861, which 
 office he resigned in May, 1866, and has always interested liimself in all public moves and matters, being 
 one of the organizers of the Milwaukee & Horicon Ry., with which he was several years connected, and a 
 Director of the Ripon & Wolf River Ry. Mr. B. was first married to Harriet N., daughter of Judge 
 William Root, of Lewis Co., N. Y. ; she died in Pennsylvania April 19, 1843, leaving a daughter, Jane 
 \., now Mrs. Alex. K. Shaw, of Chicago. He married a second time, in Penn.sylvania, in August, 1853, 
 to Emma C. Perkins, a native of Pennsylvania ; they have two children — Carrie and Maggie L. 
 
 ISAAC BROWN, merchant tailor; was born in Dorsetshire, England, Jan. 10, 1834; came 
 to Chicago, with his mother, in 1846; enlisted in Co. A, 2d I. V. C, August, 9, 1861, and served three 
 years, mostly on detached duty; was mustered out in the spring of 1865 ; came to Ripon in the spring of 
 1874, and engaged in merchant tailoring the next year. Mr. B. was married in Ripon, Sept. 13, 1877, 
 to Miss FraTices Miller. Mr. B., who was two years on detached service with Gens. Ord and Logan, 
 helped to raise the first company of volunteers in Ogle Co., 111. 
 
KIPON. . 887 
 
 J. E. BROWN, merchaut tailor; was born at Batavia, Genesee Co., N. Y., July 16, 1839; 
 came from there to Ripon in the spring of 18G5, and engaged in the merchant tailoring business, which he 
 has since followed, having at all times a large store in Kipon, and, during the last five years, a branch at 
 Waupun. Ho was married at Ripon, July 16, 1867, to Grace Annin, a native of Dartford,' Green Lake 
 Co., Wis.; they have two children — Bertie Howard, born May 2, 1870, and May Belle, born June 22, 
 1874. 
 
 L,YSA]¥DER MARTOf CARLISLE, grain-dealer, was born at Goshen, Addison Co., 
 Vt., Oct. 15, 1818 ; removed to Buti'alo,N. Y., in the fall of 1843 ; in 1844, came to Milwaukee ; returned 
 three months later to Bufl'alo ; surveyed the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation, just south of that city, in 
 1843; resided in Western New York until coming to Ceresco, May 31, 1849, where he worked for the 
 Phalanx until 1850 ; Sept. 1, 1850, Mr. C. bought a house of the Phalanx and opened a hotel called the 
 Ceresco House, which he conducted until 1854, then selling out and erecting a brick house near the rail- 
 road crossing; in 1864, he went into the Mapes House with Gilbert Lane, now of Oshkosh, remaining 
 two years ; since then, Mr. C. has been dealing in grain. He was Justice of the Peace before the city 
 was incorporated, Assessor of the Second Ward three years and of the First Ward two years ; ho once 
 owned five shares of Phalanx stock for which, at Potter's (corners, N. Y., he traded to the value of $125. 
 Mr. C. was married at Madison, Aug. 31. 1850, to Harriet Gorham, born in Wyoming Co., N. Y. 
 
 I)R. WILLIAM E. CARIVAHAN, homccopathic physician and surgeon; was born iu 
 Genesee Co., N. Y., Jan. 14, I8.38 ; removed to Columbia Co., Penn., with his parents in 1840 ; removed 
 from there to Michigan when 16 years old, where he attended school until 1860 ; taught school two years; 
 returned then to Pennsylvania and began the study of medicine;, graduated from the Western Homoeo- 
 pathic College of Cleveland, Ohio ; attended lectures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College ; began practice 
 at Cambridge City, Ind., in the spring of 1867 ; removed in 1873, on account of ill health, to Hamilton, 
 Ohio, and from there came to Ripon in June, 1877. He was married at Lebanon, Ohio, in February, 1866. 
 to Lucy W^ood, who died in 1873, leaving one child — Ada W., born in June, 1870; he was married a 
 second time, at Ripon, Oct. 11, 1877, to Sadie G. Barker, a native of Columbus, Ohio. Dr. C. is a mem- 
 ber of the A., F. & A. M. and I. O. 0. F. 
 
 HORACE L. CHADBOLRXE, of the firm of Fish & Chadbourne, sign, house and car- 
 riage painters; was born in Oxford Co., Me., in 1844; came to Wisconsin with his parents in 1856 and 
 located in the city of Ripon. In January, 1865, he enlisted in Co. I of the 47th W. V. I., under Col. 
 Ginty, and partook in all the movements of his regiment till it was mustered out at Madison in the fol- 
 lowing autumn f 1865). He then returned to Ripon, and soon after began the painter's trade, which he 
 has since followed ; in 1876, he formed a copartnership with Fish under the present firm name. He was 
 married to Mi.ss Eveline Williams, of this city in 1868 ; they have two children — Charles and Amy. 
 
 O. H. CHAMBERLAIN, farmer, Sec. 12 ; P. O. Ripou ; was born in the town of Sparta, 
 Livingston Co., N. Y., July 5, 1822. His parents, Harlem G. and Anna, died in Union Corners, Liv- 
 ingston Co , N. Y., his father in 1869, his mother in 1874 ; they were pioneers of that part of the State, 
 having come from Vermont at a very early day ; they had six .sons and five daughters, all of whom lived 
 to be men and women. The subject of this sketch ^came to the State of Wisconsin in the fall of 1849, 
 and first settled in Fond du Lac Co., one mile southeast of the city of Ripon, living in that neighborhood 
 for seven years; iu the fall of 1856, he moved to his present form on Sec. 12, where he has ever since 
 resided, containing 155 acres; for six winters he taught school in this couniyand one winter in Winnebago 
 Co.; he also held the otBce of Town Superintendent of Schools several years ; Magistrate several terms, 
 and is at present Justice of the Peace, and has been two terms previously. He married Miss Harriet E. 
 Weber (daughter of Daniel B. and Emily Weber) in Ceresco, Feb. 1, 1852; she was born in Liberty, 
 McKean Co., Penn., Aug. 22, 1829; they have four children — Oscar H. (living in Champion, Mich.), 
 Fremont C., Francis A. and Albert O. Mrs. Chamberlain's mother afterward married Caleb Kendall, of 
 this county, who died in Winnebago Co., Miun., in 1865; she came W^est in 1841 and settled in Wal- 
 worth Co., Wis., and, in 1847, came to this county, where .she has ever since resided; she was born in 
 Luzerne Co., Penn., in 1805. Mrs. Chamberlain's father was born in the year 1800 in Worcester Co., 
 Mass. Her grandfather, William Weber, enlisted in the Revolutionary army in November, 1775, in 
 Brimfield, tiien Hampshire Co., now Hampden Co., Mass., in the company of Capt. Joseph Thompson, 
 and Massachusetts regiment of Col. John Nixon, and served one year ; the ofiicial records show his death 
 to have occurred on Feb. 26, 1831, in Columbia, Bradford Co., Penn., where he lived sixteen years, and 
 previous thereto in Holden, Worcester Co., Mass. 
 
 DAVID CLOLCrH, of the firm of Clough i Wellcome, is the son of Abram Clou<-h and DoUy 
 Norris. of .Wyoming Co., N. Y., born in 1823 ; his father being a farmer, David spent most of his time 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 with liira at that bu'iinci3S until 28 years of ago; he then entered upon an apprenticeship at the miller's 
 trade, and, after serving one year as an apprentice, he was placed in charge of the mill at Folsomdaie, 
 Wyoming Co., N. Y., wlierc ho c )ntinued three years; in 1844, he came to Wisconsin, made some invest- 
 ments in real estate, spent nearly a year there, and then returned ti his native State; in 1858, he came 
 the second time to Wisconsin, and beiran the milling business at Brandon, Fond du Lac Co.; two years 
 later, he removed to Ripon, Wis., where for ten years he was connected with the liipon Mills ; in 1870, he 
 became interested in the meat market (then the firm of Clough & Fenlon ), where he continued the busi- 
 ness for seven years ; in 1877, he, with Mr. A. Fi Bishop, bc;;an the grocery busine.ss; the firm was known 
 as Clough & Bishop until the spring of 1879, when Mr. H. C. Wellcome became partner in Bishop's stead, 
 and the firm has since been known as Clough & Wellcome. In 184 I-, lie married Maria S., daughter of Oliver 
 Harnden, of Folsomdaie, Wyoming (.!o., N. Y., thoui;h a native of Genesee Co., who died at Folsomdaie, N. 
 Y., in February, 18C6 ; they had five children, as fjllows: Clara (the late Mrs. George Norris, of Bran- 
 don, Wis., now deceased), George II. (deceased — died at the age of 4 months), Ella J. (Mrs. E. Cush- 
 man, of Cowlesville, Wyoming Co., N. Y.), Niles F. (of Kansas City, Mo.), and Frank F. (of Ripon, 
 Wis.). Dec. 25, 1877, lie m irried .^Irs. Louisa L., widow of the late L. Bjrnes — a daughter of Walter and 
 Clementina Atwell, residents of Ripon s'nce 1854; Jlrs. Clouiih had, at the time of her second marriage, 
 one daughter — Laura J., now Mrs. Toohey, of Kansas C'ty, Mo. Mr. and Mrs. Clough arc members of 
 the M. E. Church; 'Sh. •'. j^ also a member of the I. 0. O. F. 
 
 JAMES E. COllIv was born at Gicenlield, Huron Co., Ohio, May 24, 1837 ; came to Rosen- 
 dale in 185;;, with his parents, Alfred and Amanda Cook, now residents of Ripon; engaged in farming 
 until coming to Ripon; Nov. 29, 1807, lie purcliased the livery barn and stock on the site which he now 
 owns, and began the livery business; about eight years ago, liis barn was burned, and lie erected the 
 present substantial stone structure. ]^h\ C. has been four years Deputy Sheriif, which position he still 
 holds, and has held several city office-^. lie was married at Pine Grove, Waushara Co.. Wis., .lune 24, 
 186/5, to Alma L. Le;\ born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.; they have four children — Cora L., Edmund A., 
 Frank L. and I'rederiik William. 
 
 JOSEPH C05H5S, farmer; P. O. Ripon, was born in the town of Trenton, Oneida Co., N. 
 Y., June 4, 181 1 ; his pirents, Oliver and S.irah Conilis, li^cd upon a farm, and afterward moved into 
 the village of IlulLuid Patent, Oneida Co., N. Y., where they both died; the subject of this sketch 
 remained upon his fithir's farm until the ycir 1850, when he cams West and purchased his present farm 
 of 100 acres, ami, in the sfiring of 1851, returned to Now York S'ate and brought out his family, where 
 they have siiue resided; his farm is now witiiin the limits of the city of Ripon. lie held the office of 
 Assessor one year. Tie married twice ; his first wife was Miss Lucy A. Wells, dau'^hter of Daniel and 
 Frances Wells, of Oneida Co., N. Y.; tiiey are both dead ; they were married in September, 1838, and 
 Mrs. Combs died in September, 1855; they had six children (two living), viz.: Sarah F., born Dec. 1, 
 1847; Katie E., Aug. 8, 1851 ; four died — Stephen R., in 1847; Daniel W., December, 1855; James 
 H., Oct. 4, 1804, and one died in iiifincy. He manied his second wife, Miss Arietta Wetmore, Sept.- 30, 
 1850; her parents were Jam-js and I'llizabeth Wetmore, of Holland Patent, Oneida Co., N. Y., who died 
 there; iMr.i. Combs was born March 4,1818; they' had three children, one living — Charles J., born 
 Nov. IS, 1801 ; the two deceased -.wi Henry W., born Aug. 31, 1857, died April il, 1872, and Laura 
 E., born May 12 18511. died .May 29. 1872. ftlis. Combs is a member of the E])iscopal Church. 
 
 JOHX CUlSISEffT, merchant tailor ; is a son of William and AnnaCorbett; his father was 
 a native of lMi.:l.iiid. and was I'.iymaster of the 47ih R(\u:iment of the British Arny in Canada ; his mother 
 was a nitive (d' Seoiland; John was born in C.inada July 8, 18 U); was c lucated in private schools kept 
 in his father's family; in 1850 he entered upon an apprjnticjsiiip at the tdlir's trade in his native town, 
 but soon went to Cleveland, Old >, where he coiiiinued it fiu' one year; thence t) Columbus, Ohio, and 
 Chicago, III., continuing at each f.r about .-i.K in mtlis, and lastly, in 1857, to Ripon, Wis., where, in 1859, 
 he estiibdshed hiin.self as a merchant tailor. In 18i)4, he married Mi-s Mariet'a, daughter of Stillman and 
 Cathaiine iSonnell. nn Dubois, of Ithaca, N. Y.; they have one son^William B. Mr. Corbctt is a mem- 
 ber of the IMasonie Frati rnity. He and wife are nienibers of the Episcopd Church. 
 
 E. ii. COltljI.^.S (deceased), was horn in Vermont, Nov. 22, 1822; he was the only son of 
 Isaac and Abigail Cirli-s, who moved first to Li I'.u-tc, Ind.; the subject of this sketch, in 1845, came to 
 Wisconsin and sjttlod on Sej. (i of this tovnship; hi purchassl on; and onvhalf miles srjuxro of United 
 States land, and imr'roved the same. Ho died Miy22, 1850. Five years after Mr. Corliss settled here, his 
 parents moved to Winnebago Co., wdiere they liveil up to the time <d' the death of his mother, which occurred 
 Jan. 28, ISt*?; after herd ■ath his father movid to Nepeuskun Township, Winnebago Co., where bodied about 
 1873. Mr. Corliss married, Dec. 5, 1848, Miss Emily Dorchester, daughter of Francis and Abigail 
 
KIPON. 889 
 
 Dorchester ; her father was born in Farniiii_'ton, Uonn., in 178:!, and died in 1858 ; her mother was born in 
 Genoa, N. Y., in 1706, and died in 18r)7 ; tiiey moved We-t in 1845, and settled in Green Lake Co. 
 (then Maniuette Co.), Wis. .^Ir. and Mr-. Corli.ss had two children — Frank, born October, 1851, and 
 Henry, born Jlay, 1854. Mrs. Corliss still lives on the homestead, Sec. 6; P. O. Ripon. She is a mem- 
 ber of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 S. E. CRAWFORD, of the firm of J. N. Foster & Co., millers; See. 18; P. 0. Ripon ; was 
 born in AVindham Co., Conn., March 30, 1841 ; he came to the State of Wisconsin in 1847 with his 
 father, Samuel D. (his mother having died in Connecticut), and first settled in Mayville, Dodge Co., where 
 his father still resides. In 1867, the subject of this sketch came to Fond du Lac Co.. and became a mem- 
 ber of the firm of J. N. Foster & Co. in tlie milling business, known as the " Arcade Mills." He has held 
 the otBce of Supervisor two terius. He married, June 27, 1878, Jli-ss Zoe A. Hodge, daughter of N. W. 
 and Mary Hodge, who settled in Janesville, Wis., and after residing there some twenty years came to this 
 county in 1874; they have one child — Eva A. Mrs. Crawford was born June 9, 1849. 
 
 W. F. CRAWFORD, of the firm of J. N. Foster & Co, millers; See. 18; P. 0. Ripon; 
 was born in the town of Union, Tolland Co., Conn., Oct. 4, 1842. His mother having died when he was 
 only three or f lur days old, he was taken to the home of his grandfather and grandmotlier, with whom he 
 resided until their death, and afterward with an uncle and aunt in the same home. On Sept. 18, 1862, 
 he enlisted in Co. G, 22d Conn. V. I., for nine months, and was discharged July 8, 1863, returning home 
 to Connecticut; he came in the fill of the same year (1 863) to the State of Wisconsin, and settled in May- 
 ville, Dodge Co.; while there he went to Milwaukee and commenced a course of study in the Mercantile 
 College of Bryant, Stratton & Spencer ; before the completion of the course he again entered the army, 
 enlisting in Co. I, 44th W. V. L, and served until the close of the war; having returned home, he finished 
 his course of study in the Mercantile College ; in 1867, he came to Fond du Lac (3o., and became a mem- 
 ber of the firm of J. N. Foster & Co., millers, and is so at the present time. Ho has been married twice ; 
 his first wife was Miss Alice A. Mason, daughter of William C. and Ellen Mason ; her father is living, but 
 her mother is dead ; they were married in 1874 ; she died Feb. 4, 1876, leaving one child — Alice E. His 
 second wife was Miss Ella J. Newell, daughter of T. V. and Esther B. Newell ; her mother was a native 
 of Greenfield, Franklin Co., Mass.; her father of Charlton, Mass. They were married March 25, 1877. 
 Mrs. Crawford was born Dee. 4, 1849; they have one child — Bvron A. 
 
 ISAAC M. DAKIX, City Clerk ; was born in New York City April 25, 1842 ; came with 
 his parents to Brooklyn, Green Lake Co., in 1849; moved to Neshkoro in 1852, and remained until 
 1862; removed thence to Brooklyn, thence to New Y'ork, and in 1864, came to Ripon; Mr. D. clerked 
 for G. Beynon two years, Coe Bros, four years, and has since been Deputy Postmaster; in April, 1879, 
 he was elected City Clerk on the Republican ticket. He was married at Hastings, Jlich., May 4, 1875, 
 to Ella Lathrop ; they have one child, George W., born Nov. 6, 1877. 3Ir. Dakin's father, Ebenezer, 
 died at Fort Scott in 1869 ; his mother resides in Ripon. 
 
 REV. C. DALIES, Pastor Evangelical Lutheran Cliurch ; was born in Brandenburg, 
 Prussia, March, 27, 1841; come to Brookfield, Waukesha Co., Wis., in February, 1868, where he 
 remained but a short time, going next to Russell, Sheboynan Co., for one and a half years ; Jlenomonee 
 Falls, Waukesha Co., eight years; Racine one year, and then to Ripon May 20, 1879; he was educated 
 at Barmen, Prussia, Missionary Seminary, and was married at Russell, Wis., Nov. 8. 1868 ; to Meta \ iel- 
 stich, born in Bremen, Germany; they have five children — Elsa A. C. K., Paul B. J. and Karl A. G., 
 all born at Menomonee Falls; Johanna L. M., born at Racine, and Clara A. G., born at Ripon. Sinte 
 Rev. D.'s connection with the church, a fine, new parsonage has been built; the church debt reduced; its 
 membership increased, and many improvements been made. 
 
 RICHARD DART, apiarist; is a son of Anson and Eliza Dart, nee Catlin ; born in New 
 York City May 12, 1828; his father was a druggist in that city for a number of years, but when Rich- 
 ard was quite young, his father purchased a farm in Oneida Co., N. Y., and till 1838, was engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits there; he was then appointed Commissioner of the main wing of the New York 
 Insane Asylum, which position he held for two years; in 1840, he resijcnod that position and immigrated 
 as a pioneer to Dartford, Green Lake Co., Wis.; having been out in 1835 with a company of men from 
 Rome, N. Y., and made some investments in the vicinity of Green Bay and other places; landing at Green 
 Bay in May, 1840, he formed the acquaintance of Govs. Hornet and Beall, then land agents at that 
 place ; the Green Lake country was ju-t then coming into notice, and he with Gov. Beall started on horse- 
 back for a visit to the lake; p;u;sing through the Brothertown woods, across the county where the eiiy of 
 Fond du Lac now stands, they reached the shores of Green Lake the 1st day of June; here he selected 
 eighty acres of land one-half mile south of the Lake shore, which should be his pioneer home ; returning 
 
890 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 to Green Bay, he purchased a boat, and putting in their little all. which consisted of a barrel of flour, one- 
 half barrel of pork, etc., with a few cooking utensils witli which to begin jnoneer life, he with two sons 
 passed up the Fox River, portaging their boat around the rapids of Neenah, Mcnasha and Appleton, into 
 Lake Winnebago, and after one and a half days' rowing up the lake, reached, as they supposed, the outlet 
 of Green Lake; but u])on following it for three days, they found themselves at Mud Lake, near Ripon ; 
 they returned to Lake Winnebago, and, after a two-days sail, reached the outlet of Green Lake, which 
 they at once recognized by the color of the water ; two days more brought them to their new home in 
 Wisconsin; they were the first settlers in what is now known as Dartford, in honor of whom the village 
 was named ; the family soon followed, and this was Richard's home for many years. His fiither was the 
 first Justice of the Peace in Marquette Co.; the first Postmaster; was also a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention of Wisconsin ; he took quite an interest in President Taylor's election, and in 1851, was 
 appointed Superintendent of Indian affairs in Oregon; in 185G, he paid a vi.sit to his home in Wisconsin, 
 but it had lo.st its charms ; he spent two years traveling in Europe, and the rest of his life in Washing- 
 ton, D. C., where he died Aug. 12, 1879, at the age of 82 years; two sons survive him — Putnam, now in 
 California, and Richard, now living at Ripon, Wis., and who in April, 1859, was married to Imogene, a 
 daughter of Luther and Emma Hinkley, of Madison Co., N. Y.; they have one daughter, Arlie, now 7 
 years of age. 
 
 HECTOR WAWES, farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. O. Ripon ; born in Morgan Co., Obio, July 17, 
 1880; he came to Wisconsin in the fall of 1851, and settled in Ripon Township, Fond du Lac Co., on 
 Sec. 29, whore he remained for four years. His parents, George and Elizabeth Dawes, in the mean time, 
 in 1854, came to the State of Wisconsin and settled on Sec. 30, in Ripon Township, where his father died 
 Oct. ]0, 1869, and his mother August 27, 1877. The subject of this sketch, in 1855, the next year 
 after his parents came to this county, went to live with them, and continued to up to his marriage with 
 Miss Jane A. Ruggles, which occurred March 12, 1857 ; her father. Gary Ruggles (her mother having 
 died in New York State), came to Wisconsin and settled in Ripon Township in the year 1855, went to 
 Iowa and settled near Charles City, and died there in 1874 ; Mr. Dawes, after his marriage, went to 
 resi.ie on his farm on Sec. 29, and then moved to the city of Ripon and resided there up to 18(33, when he 
 moved to his present farm on Sec. 30, whei-e he still resides, containing 240 acres ; Mrs. Dawes was born in 
 Broome Co., N. Y.. Oct. 21. 1832 ; they have a fimily of six children, viz : Fred A., born Dec. 17, 1858 ; 
 William R., Oct. 5, 18^2; Maggie, April 28, 18(54; Effie, May 26, 1866; Edward G., July 19, 1868, 
 and Raymond, March 20, 1870. Edmund Dawes, the brother of Hector Dawes, enlisted as a private in 
 Co. H, 2Uth W. V. I., Aug. 8, 1862, and was afterward promoted to Orderly Sergeant, and, while serving 
 as such, was killed, Dec. 7, 1862, at the battle of Prairie Grove, Ark.; previous to his death, his com- 
 mission as Second Lieutenant of Co. H had been made out, but did not roach him before his death. Mrs. 
 Dawes is a member of the Conirresational Church. 
 
 GEORGE W. DELLIXGER, proprietor Ripoti Mills, was born at Windsor, York Co., 
 Penn., July 21, 1820 ; removed to Western Pennsylvania; resided one year at Lundy's Lane, Erie Co.; 
 spent one year at Kingsville, Ohio ; removed to Watorford, Racine Co., Wis., in May, 1845, where he 
 remained eighteen months ; removed to Oshkosh in the fall of 1847, and, in October, 1848, came to Ripon ; 
 with the exception of a few years after 1869, spent in California, Montana and other portions of the West, 
 for his health, Mr. Dellinger has been actively engaged in milling since his arrival in Ripon ; he has built 
 several mills and water-powers (_see full account elsewhere), and now owns and runs Ripon Mills, of which 
 he was the builder. He was married at Lundy's Lane, Erie Co., Penn., July 21, 1842, to Margaret, daugh- 
 ter of Capt. John Spiers, an old lake Captain, who died in 1875, aged 89 years ; Blrs. D. was born at 
 Erie, Penn., May 22, 1825 ; they have had seven children — Perry N., born at Lundy's Lane, Penn., 
 July 22, 1843, now a resident of Greene, Butler Co., Iowa; George Chester, born at Waterford, Wis., 
 Dec. 9, 1845, now of Pearl Rock, Chickasaw Co., Iowa; Josephine (now Mrs. W. W. Davy, of Ripon), 
 born near Oshkosh, March 23, 1848; Daniel Newton, now of Butte City, Montana, the first child born 
 in Ripon City plat, born May 25, 1850 ; Margaret Jennie, born Jan. 5, 1S59 ; Earl Bertine, Aug. 1, 
 J 863 ; they lost one child — Klizabeth Ella, an infant, in 1853. Mr. D. was for seven years a member of 
 tli(! City Council. He bcL'an milling on bis own account in 1840. 
 
 HON. .1ERE3IIAH DOBBS, son of Jeremiah and Mary Dobbs ; was born at Saugerties, 
 Ulster Co., N. Y., in March, 1832; after receiving his education, he was employed as a clerk in a general 
 store at Rochester, N. Y.; remained there two years; later, began the study of law, and, in 1851, was 
 admitted to the bar at Jeffer-son, Wis., having removed to this State in 1849, and located at Lake Mills; 
 engaged in the practice of his profession there until 1854, when he came to Ripon; in 1850, he was 
 appointed District Attorney of Jefferson Co., Wis.; since he came to Ripon, he has filled several offices of 
 
RirON. 891 
 
 "honor and trust ; in 1869, he was elected a member of the State Legishiture. and for many years he was 
 Chairman of the County Board; he was once a Director of tlie Oshlcosh & Mississippi Railroad Co.; as a 
 successful and skillful attorney, he is extensively known ; everything he undertakes bears the unmistakable 
 impress of his energy ; he is of a most affable disposition, and no person, either man or eliild, ever 
 approached him with a fear of a want of a cordial welcome ; no local enterprise of any consideration fails 
 to receive his assistance; he is' emphatically a man of the people, friendly, sympathetic and generous. 
 Feb. 21, 1S54, he was married to Miss Mary A. Lampson, and by her has one son and two daughters. 
 
 CVREXITS F. DODGFi was born at Pembroke, Genesee Co., N. Y., Nov. 24, 1833 i 
 resided there until coming to Ripon, in September, 1853 ; on arriving at Ripon, he began the manufacture 
 of wagons and carriages, which he continued until February, 1878; the firm was H. Dodge & Son five 
 years, Dodge & Manville seventeen and one-half years, Dodge & Mitchell two years, C. F. Dodge from 
 September, 1877. to February, 1878, when he sold out to Treanore & Blodgett ; Harvey Dodge, senior 
 member of the first firm, was C. F.'s father ; after retiring from the carriage-making business, Mr. Dodge 
 erected Como Bay House, a summer resort at Green Lake, in the spring of 1878, of which he has since 
 been the successful proprietor and manager. He was married at Ripon, March 28, 185(5, to Phoebe A. 
 Thatcher, a native of Pembroke,. N. Y.; they have six children — Erastus Eugene, Addie May, Edward S., 
 Nettie B., Wm. C. and Harvey. Mr. D. was Alderman several years. • 
 
 CirKORdrE C. DUFFIE, Principal of the English Academy in Ripon College; was born at 
 Orwell, Rutland Co., Vt., Jan. 1, 1845; son of James H. Duffie, who came to Rosendale in 1853, and 
 died there three years later; he came to Ripon in 1860 ; served in the army; graduated from Ripon Col- 
 lege in 181)8 ; was appointed instructor in Latin one year; conducted the Free Press, at Ripon, from 1869 
 to 1872, and was then appointed to his present position. He married Emma, daughter of A. P. Har- 
 wood, of Ripon. 
 
 H. C EVERSZ, of the firm of Eversz & Weller, dry-goods merchants; is a son of Louis and 
 Louisa Eversz; born in Prussia in 1846, and, with his parents, immigrated to Wisconsin in 1848; his 
 parents settled on a farm near Ripon, where H. C. spent most of his time, attending district school and at 
 fiirm work, till about 1860 ; he then entered Ripon College and was a student there for two years. In 
 
 1862, he enlisted in Co. H. of the 20th W. V. I., under Col. Pinkney, of Ripon ; was with the Army of 
 the West for about one year ; was mustered out at Galveston, Tex.; he then returned to Ripon ; was clerk 
 in the dry-goods store for A. W. Pettibone till 1871 ; he then formed a copartnership with J. C. Weller, 
 and has since been dealing quite extensively in dry goods, etc. In 1872, he married Miss Bertha, 
 daughter of the Rev. N. and Esther M. McLeod, then of Ripon ; they have one daughter — Gertrude ; his 
 wife is a member of the Congregational Church. 
 
 OEORGE Li. FIELD, bank cashier, was born at New Berlin, Chenango Co., N. Y., whence 
 he moved to Albany in 1852 ; after remaining there five years he came to Watertown, Wis., and became 
 book-keeper and teller of the Bank of Watertown, where he remained over five years ; in the spring of 
 
 1863, he moved to Ripon, which has since been his home, and became cashier of the Bank of Ripon, 
 which position he held until the organization of the First National Bank, of which he has since been 
 cashier. Mr. Field has been Mayor of Ripon, and always takes an active interest in all improve- 
 ments and matters of a public nature. He is now, and has been during seventeen years an officer and 
 member of St. Peter's Episcopal Church. 
 
 CHESTER B. FISH, of the firm of Fish & Chadbourne, sign, house and carriage painters ; 
 was born in Rockland, Knox Co., Me., in 1854 ; he is the son of S. M. and Adell Fish, with whom he 
 came to Ripon, Wis., when he was about 2 years old ; in 1858, they removed to Milwaukee, where he 
 was educated in the public schools and lived till 1868 ; returning then to Ripon, in 1872 he began the 
 painter's trade with Mr. Craw, of this city, and, in 1876, formed copartnership with j\Ir. Chadbourne, 
 of the present firm. His father died at Minneapolis, Blinn., in April, 1879 ; his mother now resides in Ripon. 
 
 J. J. FOOTE, District Attorney ; was born at Coventry, Chenango Co., N. Y., Jan. 23, 1830 ; 
 came to Watertown, Wis., in the fall of 1852, and to Ripon, which has since been his residence, in 1856 ; 
 be studied law with Charles O'Connor, Benedict and Boardman, in New York City, where he was 
 admitted to the bar Feb. 5, 1853 ; his father, Alanson L. Poote, is now a resident of Ripon. Mr. Foote 
 has been Alderman, City Clerk eight years, District Attorney .since January, 1879, and was tendered the 
 nomination unanimously for Attorney General on the Democratic ticket of 1875. He was married at 
 Watertown, Jan. 9, 1854, to Kate T. Bement, a native of Belleville, Ontario ; they have eight children— 
 Lillie T., now Mrs. J. Mallaney. of Ishpeming, Mich.; Anna Louise, Blanche B., Mary E., Edward P., 
 Laura, Kate I. and Genevieve G. 
 
892 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 J. N. FOSTER, of the firm of J. N. Foster & Co., millers, Arcade IMills, Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Ripon ; 
 was born in Tolland Co., Conn., July 2(1, 181G; he came to the State of Wisconsin in May, 1846, and 
 settled in Mayville, Dodj^e Co.; in 1850, he became en<!:af;;ed in the milling business, having bought 
 out Francis Hammond, and carried on the same until 1SG5, when he sold out his business and came to 
 Fond du Lac Co., and settled in the city of Kipon and carried on a feed store until 1867, when ho formed 
 the firm of J. N. Foster & Co., millers, and purchased what are known as the " Arcade Mills," on Sec. 18, 
 Ripon Township, from David Babcock ; this mill was built in 185G, by Tomb, Paddock & Co.; it is run 
 mostly as a custom mill. Mr. Foster was a member of the City Council (^f Ripon for one year. He 
 married Miss Ellen Duncan July 15, 1853 ; her parents were John and Elizabeth Duncan, of Hamilton, 
 Scotland ; her father came to the United Slates and settled in Marquette Co., Wis., where he died; her 
 mother died in Scotland. Mr. Foster's family consisted of four children, three of whom arc living — Mary 
 E., William B. and John D. IMr. Foster is a Republican in politics. He resides in the eitv of Ripon. 
 
 WILLIAM GAYLORD, retired ; was born in Litchfield Co., Conn., in 1805"; he removed 
 to Trumbull Co., Ohio., in 1836, where he was a boot and shoe dealer for twenty-five years ; in 1S64, he 
 came to Wisconsin and located in the town of Mctomen, Fond du Lac Co.; two years later, he removed 
 to Oshkosh, and for one year was a dry-goods merchant; he next came to Ripon in 1868, where he con- 
 tinued the dry-goods trade till Scptcmbrr of 1878. He was married to Martlia M., daughter of Isaac 
 and Betsey Beebee of New York ; they have two sons — Isaac W. and Lewis B., both of whom are mer- 
 chants at Beloit, Kan. IMr. and Mrs. Giylord are members of the Conuregational Church. 
 
 JOSEPH 31. GEERY, Professor of English Literature, Rhetoric and Political Philosophy 
 in Ripon College, was born in New York City June 2, 1810 ; took a preparatory and college coui'se at 
 Oberlin College; began teaching at Paris, Kenosha Co., Wis.; taught there three winters, 1858, 1859 
 and 1860; was two years in the Medina (Ohio) High School; one year Principal of the High School at 
 Brooklyn, near Cleveland; taught in all seventeen terms before coming to Ripon in 1868. Prof. Geery 
 has been College Librarian seven years; was elected Alderman and Supervisor in 1879, and takes active 
 part in the matters pertaining to public weal in Ripon. 
 
 HEXRY'^ J. CiOODALLi, carriage manufacturer; son of Henry and Caroline Goodall, was 
 born at Adams, Jefferson Co., N. Y., July 24, 1836; came to Lainartine, Fond du Lie Co., in 1847, 
 where his father, who died in Spriugvale in 1869, kept a blacksmith-shop, and in which he began learn- 
 ing the trade at the age of 11 years; in 1874, jMr. G. came to Ripon, and has since carried on the bus- 
 iness of manufacturing carriages, phaetons and cutters. He has been City Marshal and Chief Fire 
 Marshal, which position ho has held five years, and is an Odd Fellow. He was married in Springvale, 
 Feb. 26, 1859, to Harriet M., daughter of Aaron Horton, an early settler of that town ; she was born in 
 Michigan : they have three children — Charles C., Harry C. and Kdna H. 
 
 <w. C. GOODFELLOW, farmer, Sec. 34 ; P.O. Ripon; was born in Manlius, Onondaga 
 Co., N. Y., April 13, 1S19 ; his parents Tobias and Polly, both died there; in September, 1845, he 
 came to Wisconsin, and for one year resided in Racine Co., and the fall of 1846, came to Fond du Lao 
 Co. and settled at Reed's CornTS, Metomon Towns'liip, for three years, and, in 1849, came to his present 
 farm of 143 acres in Ripon Township ; while residini; in New York State, he was employed on the canal 
 as steersman of a canal-boat; since ho has lived in Wisconsin he has been engaged in farming pursuits. 
 He has hold the olSces of Supervisor of the town and Justice of the Peace. He married Miss Abigail 
 M. Seeley, daughter of James and Sarah Seelcy, of New York State, April 29, 1841 ; she was born in 
 town of Pompey, near iManlius. Onondaga Co., N. Y., April 14, 1823; they have twelve children, all living 
 and all but two grown to manhood and womanhood, viz.: Polly E., born March 9, 1842, now Mrs. L. 
 Dick, living in Spencer, Marathon Co., Wis.; Sarah E., born May 10, 1844, now Mrs. Chester Cook, of 
 Wcstline, Minn.; iMarion, born July 14, 1846, now iMrs. Wm. Louer, of Vernon Center, Blue Earth Co., 
 Minn.; Jane A., born Blay 13, 1848, now Mrs. George H. Luke, of Spencer, Minn.; Arthur D., born 
 Deo. 27, 1849, married Miss Sarah L. Jones, of Waupaca Co., Wis.; Eveline II., born Aug. 25, 1852, 
 now Mrs. G. W. Pond, of Metomon Township, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; AInion 0.. born July 4, 1854; 
 Frank, born July 20, 1856, married Miss Capitola E. Brine, of Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; Fred, born Aug. 
 11, 1858; Maude A., June 5, 1860; George H., May 27, 1862, and Erwin T., April 30, 1865. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Gnodfellow are members of the Second Conirreuational Church of Mctomen Township. 
 
 liOUIS GRAF, butcher, of the firm of Graf & Jussen ; was born in Prussia May 5, 1832 ; 
 came to Baltimore May 3, 1849, where he liv»d two and one-half years ; removed to Milwaukee for one 
 year; removed then to Watertown, Wis., where he remained until 1865, when he came to Ripon and 
 engaged as a meat-market proprietor with his present partner. He was married, at Watertown, Wis., 
 May 12, 1860, to Caroline Bolinert, a native of Baden, Germany ; they have three children — P. L, 
 George, T. C. Ida and Helen. Mr. Graf is a member of the I. O. 0. F. 
 
RIPON. 893 
 
 JOHIV GRANT, grain-dealer; was born in Norfolk, Litchfield Co., Conn., March 23, 18^2; 
 moved with his parints, at the age of 2 years, to Lorain Co., Ohio; moved to Green Lake Co., Wis., in 
 the spring of 1848, and to Ripon in 1855 ; his father, Harvey Grant, died in Ripon in 18C3, and his 
 mother. Experience Grant, resides with his family, aged S3. Jlr. G. was married, in Ripon, July 10, 
 18G1, to Ellen Morris, a native of Wales, but for twenty-four years a resident of Ripon ; they have one 
 child — Florence N. Mr. and Mrs. G. are members of the Congregational Church. He has been Street 
 Commissioner three or four years. 
 
 DAVID (iREENWAY was born in A^arwickshire, England, March 14, 1824 ; came with 
 his parents to Syracuse, N. Y., in 1834; resided there and at Palmyra, N. Y., until coming to Ripon 
 Aug. 1, 1850, with his wife and three children; Sir. G. engjiged in farming about three years and then 
 opened a grocery store on the site of the present Greenway Block ; soon after added drugs and medicines, 
 which business he carried on until about 18G2 ; he built Greenway Block in 1861 ; began the express 
 business in Ripon ; was the first express agent, and continued as agent until he sold out his business ; in 
 1867, Mr. G. built the " Oakwood House," a large and popular summer resort on Green Lake, which he 
 has since owned and managed ; in 1878, he opened a grocery and crockery store, but closed out the stock 
 the next spring. He was married, at Syracuse, N. Y., Feb. 19, 1849, to Caroline Chadbourne, born in 
 Lancashire, England, and died at Ripon in January, 1880 ; she had three children by a former husband, 
 two deceased and one living — Nellie, now Mrs. David Pollard, of Ripon. William D. and George M. 
 Greenway. his sons, are associated with him in the Oakwood House. Mr. G. has resided upon the same 
 spot or nearly so, ever since coming to Ripon, 
 
 SILAS A. (jrROESBECK, carpenter, contractor and builder; was born at Russia, Oneida 
 Co., N. Y., May 13, 1832 ; at the age of 10 years, moved to the town of Pinckney, Lewis Co., N. Y., 
 and in 1855, came to Wisconsin to Ripon, working at his trade ever since. His father, Silas Groesbeck, 
 first settled in Springvale in 1854 ; in the fall of 1855, he went to Calumet Village and kept hotel two 
 and one-half years ; removed for three years back to Springvale, and then to Brothertown, where he 
 engaged in farming and hotel-keeping. S. A. Groesbeck was married, at Neenah, Wis., June 15. 1858, 
 to Emma L. Shepard ; they have three children — Alice M., Fred M. and Albert H., and lost one daugh- 
 ter — Jessie, who died at the age of 6 months. 
 
 JOHN HAAS, proprietor of Ripon Brewery; was born in Hessen, Germany in 1841, and is 
 the son of Henr^' and Catharine Haas; when he was 13 years old, he with his parents came to America, 
 and settled on a farm in Dodge Co., Wis., where he lived for four years ; in 1855, he began work in the 
 brewery at Theresa, Dod<;e Co., Wi.s., for Benedict Weber; two years later he came to the city of Fond 
 du Lac, Wis., where he was employed by J. & C. Frey, brewers, for two years; he afterward spent a few 
 months in the pineries, and then began work in a brewery for Paul Hauser, in Taycheedah, Fond du Lac 
 Co., Wis., where he continued for about two years ; in 1865, he established the Ripon Brewery, of which 
 he has since been proprietor. In 1868, he was married to Miss Theresa, daughter of William and Annie 
 M. Quest, of Ripon ; they have had three children, as follows : Matilda, deceased ; Albert, deceased ; C. 
 John. Politically, Mr. Haas is a Democrat. 
 
 THOMAS HARRIS was born in Ireland April 27, 1820, of English parents; his father was 
 twenty-three years in the English Army, and passed through the French Revolution ; Mr. H. first settled 
 in Canada after coming to America ; came to Ceresco and settled on Sec. 12, in June, 1847; in 1855, 
 went to Minnesota; enlisted September, 1862, as Second Lieutenant in Co. D, 8th Minn. Y. I. ; served 
 with his regiment in all its engagements until the spring of 1865 ; returned then to Ripon, and, in the 
 spring of 1866, was elected Justice of the Peace, which office he hold for ton years ; Mr. H. has practiced 
 law during the last seven years; has been Assessor two years; is Secretary of the A., F. & A. M., and a 
 member of the I. O. 0. F. Lodge. He was married at Inverness, Canada, by Rev. Norman McLcod in 
 the spring of 1848, to Elizabeth N. Hargrave, a native of Canada; they have five children living — Mary 
 E., Eva E., Caroline A., Bertha E. and Benjamin J., and have lost one — Thomas Fremont, who died at 
 the age of 14 months. 
 
 A. P. HARWOOD, capitalist; was born at Ticonderoga, Essex Co, N. Y., Oct. 25, 1818; 
 entered into the iron manufacturing business at Crown Point, N. Y., where he remained until comin:; to 
 Ripon, in March, 1874. Mr. H. is one of the Trustees of Ripon College, and a member of the Congre- 
 gational Church. He was married at Crown Point, Oct. 11, 1843, to Anna Penfield, born at Pittsford, 
 Vt. ; they have four children — Daniel V. N., Charles L., Mary Emma and Frank J. 
 
 D. V. X. HARWOOD, Secretary and Treasurer of the Ripon Pickle Company; was born in 
 Crown Point, N. Y., in June, 1844. In 1865, he married in his native town, Katie Murphy, a native of 
 Clinton ville, N. Y. ; in 1874, they came to Ripon, and he became a shareholder in the Ripon pickle 
 
894 BIOGRAPHICAL SIvETCHES: 
 
 factory ; was made Secretary and Treasurer, a position ho has filled since that time ; they have two chil- 
 dren — Mary A. and Elizabeth K. In politics, Mr. Harwood is a Republican. He is an energetic and 
 active business man, and has been more than ordinarily successful in life. 
 
 SANFORD HAZEIV, was born at Copenhagen, Lewi.s Co., N. Y., April G, 1821 ; came to 
 Oakfield in ISl-l ; lived in Copenhagen again, from 1815 until the spring of 1858 ; removed then to 
 Green Lake Prairie, near Ripon, where he carried on farming until 1874, although he built a plow factory 
 at Ripon in 1859, which he ran two years; in 187-1, Mr. H. began the manuftcture of the Hazen wind- 
 mill, and now manufactures also the patent reversible-tooth harrow; he made the first steel plow made in 
 New York, and also carried on the manufacture of stoves in that State. He was married at Copenhagen, 
 N. Y., in February, 1844, to Susan B. Wright, a native of that place; they have two children — Wayne 
 S. and Ella J. In the winter of 1844, Mr. Hazen helped to organize the Washingtonian Temperance 
 Society, at Oakfield, Wis. 
 
 WAY NE S. HAZEX, of S. Hazen & Son, manufacturers of windmills, and reversible-tooth 
 harrows, was born at Copenhagen, N. Y., June IJO, 1845. Was married, Sept. 18, 1872, to Ursula Gray, 
 born in England; they have one son — Sanford Lee. 
 
 H. S. HOLLEXBECK, farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Ripon ; was born in Franklin Co., Vt., Jan. 
 5, 1 826, and is the eldest of five brothers ; he came West with his parents, Benjamin F. and Minerva 
 Hollenbeck, in the year 1848, and first located in Green Lake, Green Lake Co.,- Wis.; after remaining 
 there about sixteen years they moved to the city of Ripon, (1865), where his parents still reside. The 
 subject of this sketch engaged in the agricultural business from 1865 to 1875, in Ripon ; he then pur- 
 chased his present farm of 140 acres, where he now resides ; he has held the office of Street Commissioner 
 of Ripon. He married Miss Betsey Wood, daughter of Alanson and Mary Wood, of Orleans Co., N. Y., 
 Dec. 5, lS4y ; her father is now deceased, her mother still living in Ripon : Mr. Hollenbeck has been 
 blessed with five children, four of whom are still living — Albert, Mary, Bertha and Homer ; one died — 
 Maggie. 
 
 "H03V. JOHN S. HORNER was born at Warrcnton, Fauquier Co., Va., Deo. 5, 1802; 
 he was the third son of Dr. Gustavus Brown Horner, Assistant Surgeon, and nephew of Dr. Gustavus 
 Brown, Surgeon General of the Revolutionary army ; his ancestors were English and resided in York- 
 shire, near Ripon ; his paternal grandfather emigrated to the State of Maryland at an early day, and went 
 into business as a wholesale importing merchant ; he was a near relative of Sir Francis Horner ; the sub- 
 ject of this sketch graduated from Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1819, and practiced law in Vir- 
 ginia until September, 1885 ; on the 9th day of that month he was appointed, by President Jackson, 
 Secretary and acting Governor of the Territory of Michigan ; as Chief Executive of the Territory, Gov. 
 Horner did much to allay the hostile feeling then existing between the people of the Territory and of 
 the State of Ohio, in reference to the boundary question ; the following extract from the Wheeling Gazette 
 of Feb. 27, 1836, is worthy of reproduction in this relation: "On arriving within the Territory, in the 
 prosecution of his duties. Gov. Horner's address, as we learn from eye-witnesses, was consummate ; 
 it was a combination of personal fearlessness, taet, wisdom and prudence ;" in the same article — after allud- 
 ing to the troubles which existed in the Territory at the time Gov. Horner assumed his duties as Exec- 
 utive, mention being made of the gallant bearing of the pacificator, throwing himself among the turbulent 
 and lawle.ss spirits along the frontier of the disputed Territory, at the hazard of his life, and by his fearless 
 bravery restoring perfect order — the editor, who was opposed to the Jackson Administration, says ; " We 
 question whether, when his appointment shall have expired by the recognition of Michigan as a State, 
 the National Executive can, by any office he may confer upon him, more than compensate him." When 
 the Territory of Wisconsin was created, he was appointed its Secretary, and received orders from President 
 Jackson to take up his quarters near the Mississippi River, in order to meet the apprehended difficulty 
 between the Winnebago Indians and the settlers in the mineral regions of Wisconsin ; on arriving, he 
 learned that that tribe were besieging Fort Winnebago ; taking with him a single guide, he made a perilous 
 ji>urney of eighty miles to Fort Crawford, called upon Gen. Taylor for a force of 120 men, and with 
 them proceeded to the relief of Fort Winnebago ; arriving there, he demanded a council with the Indians, 
 and received a reply that they were " falling to pieces " from starvation, owing to the nonpayment of 
 the annuities due from the United States ; upon learning this. Gov. Horner promptly took the respon- 
 sibility of issuing an order to deliver to the starving Indians one-half the pork and flour in the military 
 stores at the fort ; this action prevented an Indian war, and was highly approved by Gen. Jack.son, 
 and Congress passed an act granting $1,000 to Gov. Horner, as a recognition of his services; as Secretary 
 of the Territory of Wisconsin, his career was distinguished by ability and integrity; after his retirement 
 from this office, he was appointed by Gen. Jackson Rsgister of the Green B.iy Land Officj, and by 
 
RIPOX. 895 
 
 successive appointments by Presidents Van Buren and Tyler, held the position for thirteen years ; althoujih 
 he never sought office, he was continued in Government positions of importance during the administra- 
 tions of five successive Presidents ; he afterward served for four years as Probate Judge of Green Lake 
 and Marijuette Counties. Oct. 30, 183i. he was married, in Washington, D. C, by the Rev. Mr. Smith, 
 the then Chaplain to Congress, to Miss Harriet Love Watson, the accomplished daughter of James Watson, 
 at that time in the Treasury Department of the United States ; Mrs. Horner was born in Buckland, 
 Prince William Co., Va. ; Mrs. Horner wrote the first executive act, and it wa.s entered upon the journal 
 of the Territory, at Belmont, in her own handwriting, which is now in the State archives at Madison ; 
 had six children — the eldest, James Watson, died in 18-12, at the age of 7 years ; Andrew Watson, at 
 present a resident of Albert Lea, Minn. ; Gustavus Francis, a resident of Ripon, Wis. ; William Henry, 
 an attorney of St. Louis, Mo.; Elizabeth Love, and Mary Watson, the wife of William Lucas, formerly 
 of St. Louis, now residini; at Green Lake. 
 
 XATHAN HUNTER, farmer ; was born at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., N. Y., Feb. 26, 1820 ; 
 came to Southport (now Kenosha), in the spring of 1844; joined the " Wisconsin Phalanx " and arrived 
 at Ripon (then Ceresco), at 10 o'clock in the morning of May 27, 1844 ; Mr. Hunter was in California 
 from February, ] 856 to the fall of 1859, when he returned home ; in 1861 , he went to Idaho, and engaged 
 in mining, which he had followed in California, returning to Ripon in 1864. He was married July 15, 
 1845, at Ceresco, to Mrs. Isabella E. Town, born Dec. 25, 1814, at Charlottenburg, Glenaarry Co., 
 Canada, the daughter of a British soldier ; she had two children — Hiram S., Postmaster of Ripon, and 
 J)dward D.; by the last marriage they have had three children — -Arabella L. (now Mrs. J. H. Maxwell, 
 of Utica, Wis.); Mary H., a teacher in the Delavan Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, and George, who 
 died Feb. 23, 1875, aged 20 years. Mr. H. has been Alderman of the First Ward several years. 
 
 DAVID IMSOX, farmer, was born in Cayuga Co.. N. Y., May 26, 1829; came to Ripon in 
 the fall of 1854, and engaijed in the livery business, which he followed uninterruptedly for twelve years, 
 afterward leaving it twice for a jear or two on account of ill health. Since 1855, Mr. Imson has 
 carried on his farm in Ripon Town, except two years, when it was rented ; in 1873, ho erected the stone 
 building, which he sold to J. P. Stone in 1876 ; he also sold flour and feed one year in Ripon ; learned 
 the blacksmith trade in New York, which he followed for a year ; removed to Napierville, III, in 1844, 
 for one year; to Rochester, Wis., three ^-ears ; to Oak Grove, Dodge Co., six years; to Portage with a 
 livery one year, and then to Ripon. Mr. Imson was married in Waushara Co., in February, 1854, to 
 Cornelia Robinson, a native of Ohio, who died in July, 1868 ; they had four children — Albert P. and 
 Alice Mabel, living, and two died in infancy. He was married a second time to Cornelia Hake, Jan. 26, 
 1870 ; they have one child — Maud. 
 
 J. M. JEXKIXSOX, hardware merchant, also dealer in tinware, Main street, Ripon ; his 
 father, Robert Jenkin^^on, was a native of County Wicklow, Ireland, born in 1809; at an early age he 
 emigrated to Montreal, Canada, where he married Miss G. Pommville, a native of that place ; after their 
 marriage they removed to Kalamazoo, Mich., thence to Metomen, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in about 1845 ; 
 during his residence in Metomen he was elected to various oflJces of honor and trust, and w.is elected 
 Sheriff of Fond du Lac Co. and County Treasurer, the duties of which he discharged with credit to hiia- 
 self and general satisfiiotion to all ; he died in the city of Fond du Lac in about 1855 ; his wife died in 
 Metomen in 1867. J. M. Jenkinson, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, was born in Kala- 
 mazoo, Mich., in 1844, and therefore was only 1 year old when his parents came to this county (Fond du 
 Lac) ; d-iring the war of the rebellion he enlisted in Co. C, 3d W. V. C , in the town of Metomen, and was 
 mustered in at Camp Barstow, Janesville, Wis., in December, 1861 ; returned in 1863; re-enlisted and 
 served until October, 1865, when he was honorably discharged ; he was in active service, and participated 
 in every engagement his command was in. Sept. 30, 1869, he married, in Omro, Winnebago Co., Wis., 
 Susan R. Taylor, a native of Concord, Jeffer.son Co., Wis., and daughter of Robert Taylor and Lydia A., 
 nee Olin, who settled in Jefferson Co., in 1845, and moved thence to Oinro, Winnebago Co., in 1847. Mr. 
 Jenkiuson and wife attend the Congregational Church ; their children are Robert and Ella L. Mr. Jen- 
 kin.son is a Republican, He was engaged in business in the town of Brandon several years, and has been 
 in business in Ripon since 1875 ; has a large and constantly increasing trade. 
 
 EDWARD JITSSEBT, butcher; was born in Prussia Aug. 22, 1839; came to Philadelphia 
 in July, 1854 ; to Watertown, Wis,, in 1855, and to Ripon in December, 1865; he has followed his pres- 
 ent business, that of market proprietor, over since he came to Ripon. He was married in Theresa, Dodgc=. 
 Co., Wis., Jan. 17, 1871, to Theresa Weber, born in Prussia; they have five children — Josie, George, 
 Albert, Willie and Eddie. 
 
896 BIOGRAPHICAL SIOSTCHES: 
 
 JOSEPH KINGSBURY, an early settler of the city of Ripon, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., 
 was born in County Kent, England, May 22, 1818. Au<;. 31, 1839, he married in his native county, 
 Mary A. Graves, a native of the same county, born July 23, 1820; in 1850, they emigrated to America, 
 and settled in Ripon the same year, and it has been their home .-ince that time; their children arc James, 
 now of Yankton, Dakota; he married in Ripon, Wis., Frances E. Bacon ; Frank, now at Appleton, Wis.; 
 Charles (at home with his parents), Sarah A. (wife of Richard Porter, of New Lisbon, Wis.), Harriet 
 (wife of Edward Stallard, of Ripon), Jennie (wife of John Evarts, of Omro, Wis.). Mr. Kingsbury and 
 wife are members of the Presbyterian Church ; in politics, he has always acted with the Republican party. 
 Owns several thousand dollars' worth of city property in Ripon, and has done much toward building up 
 and improving that city since his coming. 
 
 W. B.' KIXCiSBURY, farmer; was born at Fairfax, Franklin Co., Vt., Oct. 12, 1826; 
 came from there to Ripon in 1854, where he has since resided, engaged in farming, dealing in land and 
 stock-raising. Mr. Kingsbury has been a member of the County Board, City Council, Chairman of his 
 ward, and an officer of the Ripon Agricultural Association for several years. Feb. 27, 1850, he wa.s mar- 
 ried at Fairfax, Vt., to Charlotte S. England, who was born in Georgia in that State; they have two chil- 
 dren living — Gcoric O. and Frank \V. Kingsbury. 
 
 JACOB KUFFENKAM, manufacturer of cigars, and dealer in cigars, tobacco and smokers' 
 materials ; was born in Prussia March 13, 18-15 ; came to America in September, 1856, locating in Mil- 
 waukee ; lived there eleven years, and then removed to Fort Atkinson for seven years; returned to Mil- 
 waukee, whence, in November, 1878, he came to Ripon. Mr. Kuffenkam has been a cigar-maker since 
 he became 15 years of age. and has carried on business for himself thirteen years. 
 
 THO.WAS LiAMBERT, boot and shoe manufiicturcr ; was born in England in 1837, and is 
 the son of Henry and Hannah Lambert; his mother dying when he was 18 monihs old, he was brought 
 up by his grandparents on a farm in his native country; in 1855, he came to his father at Ripon, Wis., 
 where ho had settled a short time before; here he began the shoemaker's trade with him, he having worked 
 at it in America since 1838. After serving a three-years apprenticeship, in 1861, he enlisted in the 3d 
 Wisconsin Battery, under Capt. Drury, of Berlin ; was in the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga and 
 others; was mustered out of service at Madison July 3, 18(55. He then returned to Ripon and has since 
 continued his trade. In November, 18GG, he was married to Miss Caroline Miller, a native of Germany; 
 they have five children — Richard H., Hannah II., Walter J., Emily, Thoressa and Edwin. Mrs. L. is a 
 member of the Luthrran Church. 
 
 A. IjAXNING was born in Smithfield, Jefferson Co., Ohio, March 13, 1819; removed to Bur- 
 nett, Dodge Co., Wis., in 1847, where for ten years he was on a farm and in the machine business; in 
 1857, he came to Ripon and engaged in the lumber and planing-mill business, as well as contracting, build- 
 ing and .-irehitectural work. Mr. L. has held vai'ious city offices. He was first married, in Belmont Co., 
 Ohio, to JIargaret McCune, who died in Dodge Co.; he was married a second time, in Dodge Co., to Jane 
 McConnell; they had four children — Hannah Maria (now Mrs. Charles Bennett, of Ripon), Le Roy W., 
 Alpheus M. and Elizabeth J. Mr. and Mrs. Lmning are members of the Congregational Church. 
 
 ALPHErS 51. I^AiVNlNtr, of the firm of A. Lanning & Son.; was born in the town of 
 Burnett, Dodge Co., JMurch 21, 1852; he has been for several years engaged in the planing-mill and 
 lumber business with his father. He was married at Ripon. in September, 187C, to Maria Horton, who 
 was horn in Springvale, Fond du Lac Co.; they have two children — -George Le Roy and Charles. 
 
 HERBERT LEACH. This gentleman, one of the first to engage in the manufacturing busi- 
 ne.ss in the city of Ripon, was born July (i, 1805, in Chenango, Broome Co., N. Y.; in 1829, he 
 removed to Susquehanna Co. Penn., and there was engaged in milling several years; in about 1846, he 
 returned to his native town, Chenango, N. Y. (now Corbettsville), where he remained until 1851, which 
 year he came to the city of Ripon, which has been his home since; immediately after his coming to 
 Ripon, he engaged in the manufacture of carriages, wagons, etc., and did an extensive business for a num- 
 ber of years. Mr. Leach has been twice married; first in 1829, in Susquehanna Co., Penn, to Char- 
 lotte D. Wilson, a native of Washington Co., N. Y.; she died in February, 1861 ; their children are 
 Agnes ft!., wife of Stephen Fuller, South America; John A., now of Indianola, Iowa; Frank, also of 
 Indianola, Iowa; Jlary L., wife of E. L. Town, Washington, D. C; Julia, wife of A. S. Hall, South 
 America ; Daniel H. Name of Mr. Leach's present wife was Betsy Featherby ; she was born in Franklin 
 Co., Penn., came to Wisconsin in 1860, married Mr. Loach in 1863. Politically, Mr. L. acts with the 
 Republican party; he has recently retired from active life, and is now passing his time in ease and com- 
 petence, in a pleasant home, located on the Berlin road, in the suburbs of the city, where he owns about ~ 
 fifty acres of land ; be is an enterprising citizen, and has always taken an active part in religious, educa- 
 cational and other interests of the city of Ripon. 
 
RIPON. 897 
 
 MATTHEW LIJIBERT, mason; was born in Yorksliirc, England, Nov. 21, 1824; came 
 to Kellogg's Corners, Racine Co., Wis., in 1842, where ho remained one summer and one winter ; removed 
 to Eacine, where he resided, except tliree monthg in Chicago, until he came to Kipon, Aug. S, 184G, 
 where ho began the stonemason's trade; in January, 1852, he started for California, via New York and 
 the Isthmus uf Panama, being three months on the journey; about six months later he sailed for Aus- 
 tralia, landing at Sydney July 12, 1852, spending nearly five years in Victoria Colony; in April, 1857, he 
 started for home, via Lindon, arriving at Ivipon July 3. 1857, where he has since resided. He w.as mar- 
 ried, Oct. 13, 1853, to Nancy Brown, whoso brothers, James and William, arc in Minnesota, and George 
 in the San Frant-isco mint; she was born in Dalhousie, Lower Canada; they have two chiMren living — 
 George B. and Maggie; and have lost two. Mr. L. has been Alderman of the First Ward, and six years 
 Director of District No. 5. 
 
 <i}EORGE LIMBERT (deceased); was barn Jan. 13, 1795, in Yorkshire, England; his 
 wife, Margaret, and two daughters, came with him to America in 1842, and to Cercsco in 1814; Mrs. L. 
 died in April, 18(53 ; the children are Elizabeth, now iMrs. Chester Adkins ; E len, now Mrs. Samuel 
 Hayes, of Dakota, Waushara Co., Wis., and Margaret, now Mrs. Thomas Clay, of Wautoma. Wis. 
 
 K. LIXD.SEY, an early- settler of Ripon ; was born in Wells, Rutland Co., Vt., June 10, 
 1809 ; in 18-!9, he went to Harmony, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., where he married, in 1840, Alvira Button; 
 she was also a na'ive of Rutland Co., Vt., b irn Juno IG, ISll ; in 1841, they came West and settled 
 near Janesville, Rock Co., Wis., where they remained until their coming to the town of Ripon in 1845 ; 
 at that time, lie entered 320 acres of land, of which he afterward sold 200 acres to a mill company, buy- 
 ing an interest in the mill, which he retained several years ; they moved into the city of Ripon in about 
 1862, where they have since lived. Their children are Joseph B. and Darius P., leading farmers and 
 stock-raisers of Dade Co., IMo, ; Mary, the eldest of those children ; Joseph married, in Ripon, Miss 
 Mary Miller. Until rccen'tly, Mr. Lindsey has been engaged in active life, but now has retired un a com- 
 petence which he has secured by industry and untiring business eneriry. 
 
 JOSEPH ill. LITTLE, retired; was 'born at Benson, Rutland Co., Vt., Deo. 4,1819; 
 removed with his parents to the town of Randolph (since Richmond), Crawford Ci>., Pcnn., when 7 years 
 of age ; at the age of 15, removed to Rochester, N. Y.; three years later, returned to Randolph ; came 
 to Utica, Winnebago Co., Wis., in iMay, 184G : to Ro.sendale three years; then back to Uiica, and to 
 Ripon in the fall of 1875. Mr. L. was the first Town Clerk of Uiica; alterward was Town School 
 Superintendent and Supervisor of Utica and Supervisor of Roscndalc. lie was the principal man 
 in securing soldiers' bounties during the war in Utica, and, as a test case, sued to C'inipel the payment of 
 all bounties. He was married, at Randolph, Penn., Sept. 8, 1815, to Cornelia A. Thrall, born at Gouv- 
 ■erncur, N. Y., IMay 20, 1825 ; they have four children living — Fred Eugene, residing at Ripon ; Cyrenc 
 America, now Mrs. C. H. Hamilton ; Beach Wilbur, residing at Ripon, ami Albert Grant, residing at 
 Ripon — all born in the town of Utica; they have lost one^-Caroline, who died Sept. 15, 1848, aged 7 
 months. 
 
 WILLIAII M. LOCK WOOD, pho'ographcr; was born in Jorlcn, N. Y., April 13, 
 1835; removed with his parents in 1839, to I'lainfield, Will Co., III.; came wiih his mother to the town 
 of Chester, Dodge Co., in the sprin:r of 1S4S, where they resided lour yeiri ; resided in Waupun until 
 185G ; spent one year in OJikosh, and came to Ripon in 1857; Mr. L. has been cngigod in tlie photog- 
 rapher's business ^inco 1S53 ; he traveled one year as collector for a J;rniestown (N. Y.) manulactnring 
 firm; taught music nine years ; was Secretary of the State Musical Society thirteen years; Vice Presi- 
 dent of the National Photographers' Association ; member of tlic National Society of Art, and interested 
 in various local art and musical societies. Mr. L. invented a .screen to harmonizj the chemical vibrations 
 of dift'erent colors ; discoverel the photometry of colors ; took the gold medal, the highest award offered 
 by the National Photographers' As ocialion at Philadelphia, for the b st '•retouched " photogr.iphic pro- 
 duction ; also owns and runs the pleasure steamer Camera on Green Lake. He is now preparing a lecture 
 on "Electricity and Physical Science." Mr. L. was married, in the town of Elo, Winnebago Co., Wis., 
 Sept. 29, 1857, to Eunice N., daughter of David Snyder, of that town ; she was born near Dunkirk, N. 
 Y. He has been burned out three times — once at Oshkosh and twice at Ripon. 
 
 HON. ALOXZO A. LOPER, firmer; was born at Blenheim, Schoharie Co., N. Y., March 
 23, 1829 ; came with his par tits, A. and Caroline Ryder Ijiper, to Sec. 3, town of Ripon. in 1847 ; his 
 father, who was for sotue time Justice of the Peace, follow<d firming and the pr.icliee of 1 iw until his 
 death, April 3, 181)2 ; his mother died in August, 18fi3. Mr. Loper has followed firming and lumbering 
 on the Wisconsin River, residing on Sec. 3, to vn of Ripon ; he was Town Treasurer two years, SupervLwr 
 seven or eight years. Chairman of the Town Board five or six years, member of the Assembly one term, 
 
898 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 member of the Senate one term, and was appointed Superintendent of the Census, by President Hayes, 
 in February, 1880. He was married, first, at Ripon, in October, 1858, to Adelia Dunham, a native of 
 Ripon, who died in December, 1859; he was married to his present wife, Pbuebe Elizabeth Palmer, a 
 native of Blenheim, N. Y., at Ripon, in March, 18'dl ; they have five children — Herbert W., Adelia, 
 Alonzo, Edsar and Mabel. 
 
 HEXRV LiUM, proprietor Lum's Hotel ; was born at Oxford, Conn., May 4, 1831 ; was in the 
 Mexican war in 1846, 1847 and 1848; came to Ripon in 1870; removed to Negauuee, Mich., a year 
 later and engaiied in the hotel business two years; returned to Ripon, where he has since resided, openinc; 
 Lum's Hotel March 1, 1879. Mr. L. was married at Wolcott, Conn., Deo. 25, 1830, to Caroline Bying- 
 ton, a native of that place ; they have two children — Fannie E. and Lois E. Mr. L. was a charter mem- 
 ber of the Knights of Honor Lodge in Ripon. 
 
 FRED W. LL'TKE, of the firm of Lutke & Herzke, dry-goods merchants; is a son of F. 
 W. Lutke, Sr., and Kosa Eckhorst ; born in Prussia in 1858; his father immigrated to America in 1858, 
 leaving Fred with his mother in Prussia; he was educated in the schools of Germany, and, in 1872 (his 
 mother having died), he came to his father in Pond du Lac Co., Wis., where he had a special course of 
 study in the English branches, under a private teacher; in the spring of 1875, he began clerking in the 
 dry-goods store of Eversz & Weller, of Ripon, where he remained till August, 1879 ; in September, 1879, 
 he formed a copartnership with Mr. Herzke, and has since been a member of the dry-goods firm of Lutke 
 & Herzke ; he is a member of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 DAVID P. MAPES was bom in Coxsackie, N. Y., Jan. 10, 179S; he was the pioneer settler 
 and founder of Ripon ; belbre coming to Wisconsin, he was a prominent merchant, steamboat owner and 
 influential citizen of his native State, holding various offices of public trust, representing his district in 
 the State Legislature with credit ; he was one of the founders of Ripon College, and to his indomitable 
 energy and perseverance are largely due the growth and institutions of the city ; in the history of Ripon, 
 it will be seen that he has been prominently identified with its material interests and improvements ; to 
 his exertions are owing, to a great extent, the public improvements of the place. 
 
 E. MAPES, merchant, Dexter, Minn.; residence, Ripon ; was born in Sullivan Co., Penn.; has 
 been a resident of Ripon for a number of years ; he is extensively engaged in business in Minnesota, 
 which requires his attention the greater part of the time. Sept. 13, 1858, he married in Ripon Susie C., 
 daughter of Tyler and Susan Sheperd, who settled in the city of Ripon in 185G ; she was born in Colum- 
 bus, Chenango Co., N. Y., and came to this county with her parents ; her first husband, Henry Wright, 
 was born in Whitehall, Penn.; came to Wisconsin in 1848; settled in the town of Rosendale, where he 
 held various important offices of honor and trust until his death, Jan. 12, 18(59 ; children bv this marriage 
 are George E. Wright, born in Rosendale Nov. 24, 1862; Minnie A., July 14, 1864; Hattie, Oct. 14, 
 1868. Mr. Mapes and wife are members of the Congregational Church. They own a large amount of 
 property in Minnesota and city property in Ripon ; they own an improved farm in Rosendale of 320 acres 
 of land and 800 acres in Stephen and Grant Cos., Minn. 
 
 ROBERT D. MASON, flirmer; was born in Goshen, Addison Co., Vt., March 29, 1821 ; 
 moved to Perrysburg, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., in 1835; three years later, moved to Chautauqua Co., N. 
 Y., and, in May, 1845, joined the Wisconsin Philanx at Ceresco, now Ripon ; Mr. M. has been Justice 
 of the Peace, Town Collector, Town Treasurer, Alderman of First Ward two terms and a member of the 
 School Board several terms. He was married at Great Bend, Penn., May 15, 1850, to Eugenie Wilson, 
 born at that jilace Feb. 2, 1 826 ; they have three children — Ida (now Mrs. Dr. Charles E. Phelps, of Ripon ), 
 Waldo R. I now of Miimesota) and Spencer E. (living at homo). 
 
 NORMAiV A. MIL.EER, fiwmer, Sec. 34; P. O. Ripon; was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., 
 June 19, 1820 ; his parents, Benjamin T. and Mariah Miller, when he was 22 years of age, moved to 
 Luzerne Co., Penn., where his father died in the fall of 1842 and his mother in the spring of 1853. The 
 .subject of this sketch, while living there, worked on the Pennsylvania Railroad as an overseer in getting 
 supplies and as an engineer of stationary engine at Incline No. 9, also worked at Inclines No. 3 and 4, on 
 the Delaware and Hudson Railroad ; in the fall of 1853, came to the State of Wisconsin and settled where 
 he now resides, on a fiirm of ninety acres ; he has been Supervisor of the town of Ripon for two years. 
 He married Miss Olive Van Camp March 12, 1853; she was born in Wayne Co., Penn., Aug. 1, 1830; 
 her parents, John and Mary, natives of Sussex Co., N. J., settled in Wayne Co., Penn., in 1823, and, in 
 the fall of 1854, came West and made their home with Mr. Miller; her father returned to Pennsylvania 
 on a visit and died there in 1860; her mother remained and died at the home of Mrs. Miller in March, 
 1874. 
 
RIPOX. 899 
 
 MATHEW miLLER, flvrmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Ripon ; was born in Allegany Co., N. Y., Sept. 
 15, 1829; he came to the State of Wisconsin in the fall of 1849, and first settled in what is now Wau- 
 shara Co.; his parents, John and Sarah, afterward joined him and remained there sis years. In 1855, Mr. 
 Miller came to this county and settled upon his present farm of fifty-five acres. His parents afterward 
 came from Waushara Co. to this town-ship, where his father died in 1862, his mother now living with him. 
 Mr. Jliller married, Oct. 18, 1857, Miss Koscville Wightman, daughter of Ezra and Ruby Wightman, of 
 Rutland Co., Vt.; her father came to the State of Wisconsin in 1855 and settled in Ripon Township, and, 
 after the death of her mother, which occurred in February, 18tj8, came to live with Mr. Miller; he is now 
 81 years of age. Mrs. Bliller was born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y., May 8, 1837 ; they had four children, 
 three living— George, born May 17, 18G4 ; Ezra, Aug. 31, 1871, and Ruby, Oct. 29, 1876, and one 
 deceased — Ella, born Nov. 14, 1858, died Oct. 29, 1865. They are members of the Presbyterian Church, 
 Mr. Miller is a Republican in politics. 
 
 <jr. W. MITCHELL, born in St. Albans, Vt.; came to McHenry Co., 111., in September, 
 1841, and to I'ortage Co., Wisconsin Territory, in March, 1843. Held the office of Sheriii' of said 
 county during 1847 and 1848, and immediately thereafter the office of Clerk of Circuit Court, Register 
 of Deeds, and Cleric of the Board .of Supervisors of same county. Was engaged in merchandising until 
 1854, in connection with the lumber business; moved to Ripon in the summer of 1855. Was Sheriff of 
 Fond du Lac Co. during 1857 and 1858, and was Senator from the 20th Senatorial District (then com- 
 posed of Fond du Lac Co.) during 1862 and 1863. Retained more or less of his lumber interest in the 
 pinery during his residence in Ripon, and moved to Dubuque, Iowa, in 1865 ; engaged in lumber busi- 
 ness in connection with his pinery interest ; moved to Milwaukee in the fall of ] 875, where ho now resides 
 and is still engaged in lumbering, under firm name of G. W. Mitchell &; Son, at Stevens Point, Wis. 
 Was married to Lucy Pearson, at Beloit, Oct. 24, 1848 ; Mrs. M. was a native of Shelburne, Vt.; have 
 two children, a son and daughter — George S., now of Stevens Point, and Alice M., now the wife of C. 
 E. Lyman, for a long time a resident of Ripon, and at present time of this city. 
 
 J. B. JIOREY, Metomen street, is a native of Rensselaer Co., N. Y.; was born in the town of 
 Nassau Feb. 28, 1827. He married in his native county, Nov. 16, 1848, Mary C. Coon, also a native of 
 Rensselaer Co. In 1854, they came to Wisconsin; located on a farm in the town of Bletomen, Fond du 
 lac Co., where they remained about two years, at the expiration of which time they moved to the town 
 of Ripon, residing on a farm until 1865, when they moved to the eity of Ripon, where they have resided 
 since. They have one daughter — Miss Lena A.; Mr. Morey and family attend the M. E. Church ; he is 
 a Republican in politics. Owns 188 acres of land adjoining the city of Ripon, 160 acres in Green Lake Co., 
 Wis., and forty acres in Wood Co.; he was for a number of years dealer in agricultural implements in 
 Ripon, and did an extensive business in that line; has lately retired from active life and now is engaged 
 in no business except in overseeiiii; the manairement of his farms, which re((uires most of his time. 
 
 EZRA LATHROP XORTIIRUP, capitalist, was bom at Sherburne, Chenango Co., N. 
 Y., March 30, 1818 ; when a child was removed to Geneseo, N. Y.; at his majority began the clothing 
 business for himself and running a woolen-mill in Orleans Co., N. Y., which he continued five years ; 
 removed to a farm near Logansport, Ind., in 1844; came from there to Ripon in November, 1849, pur- 
 chasing a stock of goods at Milwaukee, with which he opened the first store in Ripon Jan. 1, 1850 ; was the 
 first Postmaster of Ripon, receiving his commission March 30, 1850 ; with Broekway & Dellinger, ran 
 Ceresco Mills one year from the ftiU of 1850 ; in the spring of 1851, began trading produce for logs near 
 Wausau, mostly on Trap River; purchased a saw-mill the next year and ran it until about 1855; pur- 
 chased 320 acres of lancT within the city limits in 1854, one eighty at government price, one at $2.50 per 
 acre, one at 85, and one at $20 per acre, and, in 1864, sold it for $50 per acre; Mr. N. was one of the 
 incorporators of Ripon College, with which he was connected until 1858; was a member of the county 
 Board in 1876 and 1878. He was married first at Ripon to Emily B. Broekway, who died, leaving one 
 child — Leland Lewis, and to his present wife, Catherine L. Broekway, in June, 1868 ; she was born in 
 Monroe Co., N. Y. 
 
 WULLIAM PALMITER, eclectic and clairvoyant physician, See. 24 ; P. O. Ripon ; was 
 born in the town of Verona, Oneida Co., N. Y., Jan. 29, 1823 ; he came to Wisconsin in 1843, and first 
 settled at Pipersville, near Watertown, Jefferson Co.; engaged in his trade of carpenter for six years, then 
 moved into the village of "Watertown, where he built and was proprietor of the Boston Hotel for two 
 years; in 1851, he went to Calilornia, engaged in mining for nineteen months, then returned to Water- 
 town, and, having exchanged his hotel for a farm in the town of Oraro, Winnebago Co., Wis., moved his 
 family on it and resided there for two years; in 1855, he came to Fond du Lac Co., and settled in Ripon 
 Township, on his present farm of 240 acres ; since his coming here he studied medicine, and for twenty 
 
900 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 years has practiced in this county. He married Miss Harriet M. Piper, Dec. 31, 1848; she was born in 
 Erie Co., N. Y., Dec. 13, 1831 ; her parents, Benjamin and Sarah Piper, came from Erie Co., N. Y., tn 
 IMi waukeo in the year 1S3G, there bsing at that timj only sis white f.imilies in that place ; in 1837, they 
 wont to Jeflerson Co., Wis., Piporsvillc in that county beinu: named after her father; in 1853, they moved 
 to Dane Co., Wis., and purchased a section of land within tw ) and one-half miles of Madison ; there her 
 father died April 4, 1876, at the age of 90 years 4 days ; Mr. and Mrs. Palmiter were blessed with 
 four children ; only one survives, viz., Ida M., born April 29, 1859, and married to Lewis Kellogg, of 
 llipoii Township, Jan. 28, 1880 ; of the three children deceased, only one was named, viz., Leo. W. 
 
 DAXIEL B. PAKKII[JR!$T was born at Stockbridge, Windsor Co., Vt., in 1823 ; came 
 from Rutland Co., Vt., to Berliu, Wis., in 18.)4; Mr. P. was a bookkeeper eight years in Berlin; agent 
 of the Star Union Line four years at St. Paul ; clerk of the Wisconsin State's Prison at Waupun eighteen 
 months, and has been agent for I he C., M. & St. P. 11. II. Co. for four and one-half years ; while a resi- 
 dent of Berlin, he was City Treasurer four years; served three years as one of the first School Commis- 
 sioners under the existing school system of that city, and was Alderman one term ; in 1878, he was elected 
 Alderman of the Second Ward of the city of Ripon. Mr. Parkhurst was married at Leicester, Vt., in 
 1851, to Cynthia Capron, a native of that place; they have three children — Alice, now Mrs. A. J. Farr, 
 of Columbus, Wis., George A. and Harry E.; they have lost two children — Lottie C., died at the age of 
 5'. years, and ('harles R. was three years old at tlie time of his death. 
 
 S. R. PATTE1¥, dentist; was born at Rochester, N. Y., Sept. 8, 1847; lived three and one- 
 half years in Massachusetts; came to Shields, Marquette Co., Wis., in 1859, wherj he resided until 21 
 years of age, and came to Ilipon in 1875 ; Dr. Patten has practiced dentistry eight years. He was mar- 
 ried at jMarquctto, Green Lake Co., Wis., Nov. 11, 1868, to Estelle E. Halleck, born in Marquette ; they 
 have three children — Elmer Eugene, Alvin Edward and Folra A. Mr. and Mrs. P. are members of the 
 Congreiati'inal Church, and Mr. Patten is also a member of the Knights of Honor. 
 
 ' JOH\ PK ARSON, farmer; P. 0. Ripon ; was born in Yorkshire, England Dec. 19, 1839; 
 when he was 4 years of age, his parents, Lealious and Harriet Pearson, moved to the State of Wisconsin, 
 and settled in Fountain Prairie Township, Columbia Co., whore his f.itlr-r died September, 1876 ; after 
 his death, his mother moved to Kansas City, where she now resides. The subject of this sketch, in 1800, 
 Went to Colorado, and engaged in mining for throe years, then to Montana Territory, where he was 
 cngiged in the business of freighting, mLH-chandising and stock for six years; from 18G9, he was associa- 
 ted with his brother, Mitchell Pearson, in driving stock from Texas and Nevada, and disposing of the 
 same up to the year 1877, when ho returned to Kansas City ; in 1878, he cam_' to his present farm in the 
 limits (if the city of Ilipon. He married Miss I'j.iza Field, .Vug. 11, 1S72 ; she was born in Colu'ubia 
 Co., Wis., Jan. 17 1851 ; her parents, William E. and Josephine M., niived to Fountain Prairie, Colum- 
 bia Co., Wis., where they still reside; her fithor was a native of New York State ; her mother of Miclii- 
 tran. Mr. Pearson is blessed with throj children — -John M., born May 18, 1874; Mary J., born June 
 29, 1876. and Geor-e C. born May 19, 1879. 
 
 CYRUS PKDRICK, marble cutter; was born at North Salem, Westchester Co., N. Y., Dee. 
 31, 1831 : came to Wiseonsin in the fall of 1848, and to Ilipon in the early spring of 1849 ; he began 
 the marble business in the fall of ISGO, and sold out Oct. 8, 18G6 ; during fifteen years before and after 
 this, Mr. P. was engaged in building, and duiing ten years, from the fall of 1867 to Nov., 1878, was in 
 Milwaukee and Michigan. He was Alderman in Ripon one term ; he now represents Flint Bros., marble 
 maiiu'acturers of Rutland, Vt. 
 
 MARCELLUS PEDRICK was born in North Salem, Westchester Co,, N. Y., Dec. 23, 
 1829 ; eaino to Taychecdah, ^V'is., in 1848; to Ripon eu'ly in 1849 ; built a houc and dated it, moving 
 in .\pril 9, 1849 ; this hou<e was for the Pedriek fuuily, was 12x24 feet, and the first one built in Ilipon; 
 Mr. P.'s lather, Samuel I'edrick, died in September, 1850, the second death in Ilipon ; JLirccllus Fedriek 
 besan masin work as soon as he arrived in Ilipon, putting the foundation under C.ipt. Mapes' mill, Tag- 
 garts Bros.' store and the Ripon House; he continued nra.son work fifteen years, putting up most of the 
 buildings in Ripon during that time; then engaged in the lumbar, wheat, wool and produce business; 
 built an elevator, which he still owns; built Opera Hall in 1809; began lumbering on a larger scale in 
 1870, buildinj; a mill at Fairchild, Eau Claire Co., Wis. Mr. P.'s mother lives in Ripon with her daugh- 
 ter, Mrs. Baldwin. He was married at Fall River, Columbia Co., Wis., Feb. 10, 1857, to Mary A. 
 Smith, bjrn in Yates Co., N. Y.. whoso parents were early settlers in Columbia Co., Wis.; they have two 
 children — Kdward S. and Samuel M. 
 
 JOHN PERRINE, residence corner of Fond du Lac and Huston streets; was born in Mont- 
 gomery Co., N. Y., in 1804 ; has been twice married, first wife was Sarah DegofiF, second wife, Deborah 
 
.^'^. ^J^.//^■f^^.,^^ 
 
 Rl PON 
 
RIPO]Sr. 903 
 
 Puntup, both are deceased ; his children now living; are Enoch, now of Ottawa Co., Mich. ; ?a>-ali J., wife 
 of John Martin, this city; Mary A., wife of David Bocbe, Neb., he served in a New York rcjiuient 
 during tiie war of the rebellion ; Harriot wife of W. R Beebf, he was also a soldier in a New York reij- 
 ■iment during the war of the rebellion ; Margaret and Henrietta; one .son, Joseph, in the 111th N. Y. V. 
 I., was captured in battle by the rebels and died in Libby prison ; 5Ir. Perrinc came to Ilipon in 18G13, 
 and has made it his home ; he owns eighty acres of land an i city property. Is a Republican in polities. 
 JOH\ F.PETERSON, cutter to J. E. Brown, merchant tailor; was born at Flaluilt, 
 Breurcd, Sweden, Aug. 1, 1S38 ; came to Moline, 111., in 1863; six months later moved to Galcsburg ; 
 one year later to Altona ; two years later to Chicago ; one year afterward to Galva, III. ; si.K month.s after- 
 ward to New Boston, 111.; one year later, to Keitlisburg, III.; another year later to Ripon, where he 
 worked one year for J. E. Brown ; then moved to Appleton, whence in February, 1871), he removed to 
 Ripon. Mr. P. was married at Gale-burg, 111., Aug. 14, 1870, to Charlotte U. Tarsand' r, born in Elg- 
 liult, Sweden, in 1841); they have three children — John Albert, born March 18, 1872; Helena, born 
 March 28, 1874, and Lo'tie, bnrn iNIarch 27, 1878. 
 
 A. W. PETTIBOiVE was born at Fremont, Erie Co., Ohio, IMarch 14, 18:55; removed to 
 Portage, Wis., in 1850; spent two years in California and British America; rct'irned to Lodi, Wis. ; 
 came from there to Ripon in 1865, and built the Pettibone Block, in which he carried on the dry-goods 
 business; in 1872, he erected a block of two stores; in 1880 he removed his business to Lcadville, Colo. 
 Mr. P. was first married to Lucy B. Peabody, at Cambria, AVis., who died iMay 22, 187^!, leaving four 
 children — Fred. C, "Wra. R., Alice F. and Louis A.; ho married again, July 1, 1876, to Flora J., daugh- 
 ter of H. W. Wolcott, who was born in Rosendale, this county; they have one child — Jessie; Mr. P. is 
 a member of the A., F. & A. JI., and I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 DR. CHARLES E. PHELPS was bornatBersen, Genesee Co., N. Y.,April28,lS27; at the 
 ago of I'J, came with his parents to Oak Grove, Dodge Co., Wis.; two years Liter, went to Berlin, Wis.; 
 in 1851, went lo California ; two years later, removed to Genesee Co., N. Y., whence, the next year, he 
 returned to Wisconsin, which lias since been his home, except during three years spent in Minnesota. 
 Since 1875, Dr. Phelps has resided at Ripon. Ho was married at Ripon in May, 1878, to Ida, daughter 
 of R. D. Mason, born at Ceresco. Dr. Phelps' father, Abner Phelps, a Major of artillery and a veteran of 
 the war of 1812, now resides at Waupun, and is in his 90th year. 
 
 M. M. PINKERTON, farmer. Sec. 2(i ; P. 0. Riprm ; was born in Landaff, N. IT., Dec. 9, 
 1815; when ho was 2 years of age, his parents, David and Susanna Pinkerton, moved to Boscawen, N. 
 H., where they both died. The subject of this sketch came to the West when he was 21 years of ago, 
 and settled at La Porte, Ind., for three years; then returned to New Hampshire, and, in 185G, came to 
 Wisconsin and settled in Waupun Township, Fund du Lao Co., on a farm of 280 acres; in 1876, he ea-ne 
 to Ripon Township, where he now resides on a farm of 160 acres, lie has been married twice ; his first 
 wife was Miss Jane Clarke (daughter of Samuel W. and L. Clarke, of Portland, iMe.) ; they were married 
 Feb. 15, 1842; she died Sept. 15, 1846, leaving two sons — Myron W., born July 18, 1843 and Samuel 
 C, born Jan. 2, 1846. His second wife was Mi.ss Sarah Noyes (daughter of Jeremiah and .Martha Noycs, 
 of Boscawen, N. 11., both of whom are dead); they were married Nov. 20, 1817 ; she was born in Bos- 
 cawen Sept. 1, 1815 ; they had four children, three living — Charles W., born Sept. 12, 1848, and married 
 Mi.ss Emma Riley, njw livitig in Oilman, Iowa; Ella M., born May 27, 1852, and George E., bnrn Sept. 
 13, 1856, and one deceased ; Enoch, born Dec. 10, 1850, and died June 17, 1851. Jlr. and Mrs. Pink- 
 erton are members of the Congre-.rational Church. 
 
 B. P. POTTER, farmer. See. 3; P. 0. Ripon; was born in Schoharie Co., N. Y., March 7, 
 1824; his mother died when he was an infant, and his lather in 1834; he learned ilic trade of shoemak- 
 ing with his uncle in Schoharie Co., but worked very little at his trade, having turned his attention to 
 firming pursuits ; he came to the State of Wisconsin in 1854, and first located in the town of Summit, 
 then Milwaukee Co., engaged in farming; in 1856, he moved to this county, and settled upon his pres- 
 ent farm of 100 acres. He married Miss Deborah Batcheller (daughter of David and Deborah Batchcllcr, 
 of Schoharie Co., N. Y.), Out. 4, 1857 ; they have two chddreu— Mary L., born Sept. 5, 1860, and Frauk 
 J., born Jiin. 2. 1866. Mr. Potter is a Republican. 
 
 A. B. PRATT was born at Skowhegan, Somerset Co., Jle., March 27, 1817 ; came to Ripon 
 June 8, 1856, where he has since reside! and carried on busine.«s ; the first year after coming to Ripon 
 Mr. Pratt engaged in farming, but has ever since been engaged in the lumber business, dealing in produce, 
 arid more lately in coal and Iowa and Minnesota lands also; lie has been Alderman and Supervisor of tho 
 First W^ard two years ; Clerk of District No. 2, fifteen years, and was Deputy U. S. Marshal four years 
 during the war. He was married Aug. 19, 1852, in the town of Gray, Me. — his wife's native place — to 
 
 nil 
 
904 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Lydia Ann King; they have lost three children, and have four livino; — Gardner C., Lyman A., Charles 
 L. and Meda F. Mr. Potter, who was never ill a day in his life, is a Ma.ion, a member of all the temper- 
 ance organizations, and helped to enforce the Maine liquor law. 
 
 (liARUNER C. PRATT, lumber dealer; was born at Skowhegan, Me., Aug. 28,1853; 
 came to Ripon with his parents in 1856; he spent 1875-76 in the lumber business in California, and 
 then became his father's successor in the lumber business at Ripon, which he now carries on. 
 
 liYJIAN A. PRATT, proprietor of lumber-yard ; is a native of Maine, born 1855 ; when 9 
 months old, with parents, he removed to Ripon, Wis.; they settled first on a farm near the city, but, two 
 years later, his father disposed of that, moved to the city and became engaged in the lumber trade. L. A. 
 was educated in the public schools and college of Ripon ; in 187(t, ho began with his father in the lumber 
 trade, and, in 1876, he went into partnership with his brother, and with him continued the business till 
 June, 1879; he then bought out the firm of Hillman & Yorty, lumber dealers, and has since continued 
 the business alone. In 1875, he was married to Miss Fannie, daughter of J. A. and Mary Thomas, of 
 Ripon ; their children are Mattie and Ijaura. Mrs. Pratt is a member of the Congregational Church. 
 
 HON. IjEWIS E. reed, attorney; was born at Stockbridge, Madison Co., N. Y.; came 
 with his ])arent,s to Green Lake Prairie, near Ripon, in 1858 ; came to Ripon, his home since then, in 
 1866. Judge Reed taught school before studying law, the practice of which he began in Ripon. He 
 served in Co. B, 1st W. V. C, from August, 1861, to August, 1863. He has been Municipal Judge since 
 1869. His wife was Angelino J. Wolcott, daughter of Henry W. Wolcott ; they have two children, a 
 son and daughter. 
 
 FERI>NA?fn REICH9IUETH, baker, confectioner and proprietor of ice-cream parlors on 
 Main St.; was born in Saxony in 1832 ; came to America with his parents in 18-16, and located near 
 Watertown, Jefferson Co., Wis., where his father followed farming ; at the age of 14 he entered upon an 
 apprenticeship at the baker's trade in Watertown, Wis., and continued the trade there two years ; he spent 
 the next five years in travel, and, in 1853, established himself in the bakery and confectionery 
 business in Bolvidere, 111., continuing the business there eleven years ; he came to Ripon in 1865, and has 
 since successfully carried on the business of a baker, confectioner and is proprietor of a splendid suit of 
 ice-cream parlors on the east side of Main st. In 1853, at Watertown, Wis., he, was married to Clotilde 
 Graf; they have three sons — Edward, Herman and Charles; their first child was Caroline, who died in 
 infancy. Mr. R. and family attend the Lutheran Church. 
 
 EDMIIXD li. RijlVALiS, attorney; was born at Arcade, N. Y.; studied law but did not 
 practice in that State; came to Sec. 36, Ripon, in September, 1846 ; afterward lived on Sec. 2, Metomen, 
 until 1852 ; May 1, 1852, came to Ripon and was elected Justice of the Peace ; in winter of 1853 and 
 spring of 1854, was engaged in surveying and taking subscriptions for the Milwaukee & Horicon Railway ; 
 was admitted to the bar in 1854, and began practicing law, which he has continued since, residing in Ripon ; 
 Mr. Runals has carried on farming, tax certificates and other business in connection with his law practice. 
 He has been Superintendent of Public Schools in Ripon and Metomen ; Assessor of Ripon Township 
 three years; Member of the Assembly in 1857 and 1858 — two terms; Municipal Judge, four years; 
 City Attorney, five years ; Alderman and Supervisor two terms — the last time in 1879. Before coming 
 West Mr. Runals spent four years at Bethany and Strykersville in school. He was married at Livonia, 
 Mich., July, 1847, to Do/liska Avery, born near Java Lake, N. Y.; they have one child — Willie T. 
 
 JASEN C. RUSSELIi, Metomen street, Ripon; is a native of Jlanlius, Onondaga Co., N. 
 Y. ; was born Jan. 4, 1816. He married, in his native county, Julia Balsley, also a native of Manlius, 
 Onondaga Co. ; in 1855, they came to Wisconsin, located in the town of Ripon, Fond du Lac Co., on a 
 farm where they resided until 1864, in which year they moved to the city of Ripon, where they have 
 resided since ; their children are Marian S., wife of Dr. J. 11. Callender. Harper Co., Kan. ; Dora C., 
 wife of C. A. Peck, Berlin, Wis. ; Louise II., wife of Rev. W. F. Randolph, Munster, Monmouth Co., 
 N. J. ; Miss Carrie P. JMr. Ru.ssell and wife are leading members of the M. E. Church, in which he 
 has been Trustee and Steward a number of years. In politics, Mr. R. is a Republican. He takes a deep 
 interest in public aff'airs, and was always active in the advancement of the religious, educational and other 
 public interests in the city of Ripon. 
 
 PETER SCHMIDT, teacher; was born at Kappein, Prussia, June 28, 1855; came to 
 America in June, 1873, and, after remaining a short time in Chicago, entered the Amherst Seminary in 
 1874, from which he graduated April 4, 1877. He then began teaching in Columbia, Monroe Co., III., 
 where he remained until coming to Ripon in October, 1879. He is the first teacher employed in the 
 German Evangelical Lutheran School. 
 
EIPON. 905 
 
 LOUIS SCHNEIDER (deceased) was born in Prussia, Germany, Sept. 22, 1827; he 
 learned the trade of a mason, and carried it on in Germany ; in 1853, he came to the United 
 States, and came direct to Wisconsin and settled in the city of Ripon, where he was enjraged 
 in his trade of mason up to 1861, when he moved upon his form, on Sec. 25, of Ripon 
 Township, containing 100 acres, where he resided up to the day of his death, which occurred 
 Aug. 14, 1879 ; up to a week before his death, he worked in the masonry of his present 
 residence. He married Mi.ss Wilhemina Shaver April 20, 1850 ; her parents, Martin and Elizabeth 
 Shaver, came to the United States, and settled in the city of Ripon in 1858 ; her father after- 
 ward went to Iowa, and died there. Mr. and Mrs. Schneider had ten children, nine living — Amelia A., 
 born May 8, 1852, now Mrs. Hugo Snyder, of Pond du Lac Township; Lewis, May 8, 1858; William, 
 born March 12, 1860; Edward, May 8, 1862; Helen E., March 12, 1864; Bertha J., May 20, 1866; 
 Julius, April 20, 1868 ; Emma, Sept. 18, 1870 ; and Hattie, Oct. 14, 1872, and one deceased — August, 
 born August 18, 1857, died July 3, 1858. 
 
 HUCjrO SCHUIjTZ, of the firm of Schultz & Bro., dealers in groceries and harness manufact- 
 urers, is a native of Prussia, born in 1847 ; he, with his brother, came to America in 1865, and landed in 
 Baltimore, Md., in September; thence he came direct to Ripon, Wis., where for two years he followed 
 clerking in a grocery store; in 1867, he went to Chicago, 111., where for four years he clerked in a meat 
 market; in 1871, he returned to Ripon, and with his brother, F. C, established a grocery and liquor 
 store, of which they have since been proprietors. lie is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and Sons of 
 Hermann. 
 
 E. CARli SCHUIjXZ, brother and partner of Hugo Schultz, above' named, was born in 
 Prus.sia in 1840, immigrated to America and settled in Ripon in 1865, where he has since worked at the 
 harness trade most of the time. In 1871, with his brother, he formed a copartnership in grocery, liquor 
 and harness business. 
 
 E. Li. SCOEIELD, editor and proprietor of the Ripon Commonweal/ h, was born in the town 
 of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., Nov. 13, 1851 ; he lived with his parents until he was 20 years old, 
 helping to " run the farm " in the summer and attending school during the winter, when he determined 
 to learn the printer's trade, and to that end engaged himself to Oliver Bros., of the Waupun Leader. 
 where he remained for three and one-half years, during which time he gave good satisfaction, and mastered 
 the profession ; in the spring of 1875, he came to Ripon and purchased a half-interest in the Ripon Com- 
 monwealth, and shortly after became sole proprietor. He has greatly improved the paper since becoming 
 the owner. 
 
 (i^EORGE SEATH, fiu-mer, Sec. 18, P. O. Ripon ; was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, Dec. 25, 
 1807 ; he came to the United States in 1835, and first settled in the city of New York, where he lived 
 for five years, when he moved to Delaware Co., N. Y.; in 1855, he came from there to Wisconsin, and 
 settled in Ripon Township, Fond du Lac Co., on the farm upon which he now resides ; he has always 
 been a farmer; his parents, George and Margaret A. Soath, both died in Scotland. He married, Dec. 20, 
 1833, Miss Jennie Owen (daughter of William and Allison Owen, of Scotland, both of whom died there) ; 
 she was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, Feb. 20, 1812. They had six children, five living, viz. : George, 
 born Oct. 14, 1834 — he was twice married, his first wife being Miss Phoebe Larrabee, who died, leaving 
 five children, Ira, William, George, Ella A. and Oscar — his second wife was Miss Anna Harrison, and 
 they have two children, Jennie and Pardon T., and are living in Minnesota ; Allison L., born Feb. 22, 1840, 
 married to Miss Mary Sever, and living in Minnesota — they have one child, Clinton, born July 12, 1875 ; 
 Margaret, born May 24, 1843, married to Pardon Tucker, of Fairwater, Wis. — they have two children, 
 Clayton W., born July 1, 1872, and Ardie, Sept. 2, 1875; Elizabeth, born May 8, 1845; James, Sept. 
 6, 1849, and married to Miss Abbie Welcome, of the city of Ripon ; and one deceased, John T., born 
 April 25, 1837, died March 16, 1841. 
 
 ROBERT SHELDON, farmer, Sec. 10, P.O. Ripon; born in Franklin Co., N. Y., Dec. 17, 
 1825 ; at the age of 11, he came with his fadler, Rodney Sheldon, to the State of Michigan, his mother 
 having died when he was 9 years of age ; after remaining in Michigan three years, they came to Wiscon- 
 sin, and first settled in the town of Pleasant Prairie (then in Racine Co., but now known as Kenosha 
 Co.), where the subject of this sketch was engaged in teaming and thrashing; in 1851, he crossed the 
 Plains to California, mining and prospecting while there ; at the end of four months, he shipped for Aus- 
 tralia, lauding in Sydney after a voyage of seventy-seven days, where he still engaged in mining ; he then 
 " packed " seven hundred miles to Victoria culony, and from there, four months afterward, " packed " to 
 Melbourne, and from there shipped to Liverpool and thence to New York : in January, 1853, came to Wis- 
 consin, and first located at Ripon, in this county, and shortly afterward purchased the farm of 150 acres upon 
 
90(3 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 which ho now resides, and enn;a2;ed in farming pursuits; since his rosidonce here, he has made another 
 trip to California, and returned upon the Sr.st tlirouiih train on the Union Pacific Railriiad in 1SC9. He 
 married Miss Abbie P. Pinkhain (daugliter of Orrin and Joanna Finlcham, of Woodstotk, Vt.), on the 
 30th of June, 1853; they were mirried in Green Lake Co., Wis., her parents having; moved West and 
 settled there, being among the pioneers of that, county; both are no\. dead ; Mr. Sheldon's father died in 
 18G3. 
 
 DR. tiSKORtiJE R. SJIA W, homocopatliic physician and surgeon, was born at West Troups- 
 burg, Steuben Co., N. Y., Aug. 24, 1827, where he resided until 17 years of age; then entered Al red 
 Academy; then engaged in teadiing, and studying medicine for a tim-j; graduated from the Now i'ork 
 College of Physicians and Surgeon.s ; attended the Western Reserve College, at Cleveland, Oliio, and began 
 practicing in New Y^ork State; in the fall of 18.J5, Dr. S. carae to D.irtford, Green Luke Co., Wis.; 
 two years later, ho moved to Appleton, and, in 1802, to Ripon, confining himself to the practice of medi- 
 cine ever since coming to Wisconsin. lie was married in Steuben Co., N. Y., in 1S.'52, to Jlay G. 
 Goodell, a native of Oneida Co.; they have two children — William B. and Eva J. Dr. S. is a member of 
 the Wisconsin Itomuenpathie Soeieiy and of the American Institute of Homoeopathy. 
 
 SOMERS SHERWOl>I), dairyman; P. 0. Ripon; was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., Jan. 
 11, 1825 ; his parents were D.iniel ami Diantha Sherwood ; he cams to Wisconsin in 1845, and settled in 
 tlie town of Metomen, Fond du Lao Co,engiged in farming; in 18Gt, he came to tlie city of Ripon, and, 
 after living there three years, moved to his present farm; he is engaged entirely and largely in the dairy 
 businesi, supplying the cit-y of Ripon, now milking fifty cows and steadily increasing the number; his 
 fa'-m adjoins tlie city limits. lie married Miss Theodosia Ke logg March 31, 18B3 ; slie was born in 
 Norwalk, Conn., Aug. 3, 18 58; her parents were Charles and Taney Kellogg, her fatlier a nalivc of Nor- 
 vvalk, her mother of Somers:own, N. Y.; Mr. and Mrs. Sherwood are ble.ssed with two children — Pollen, 
 born Dec. 30, ISliS, and Ralph M., Jan. 10, 1800. Members of Congregational Church. 
 
 v. F. SHUTE, blacksmith ; P. 0. Ripon ; was born in Charaplain, Clinton Co., N. Y., July 
 20, 1810 ; at the age of 10, he went to Kecs-'villc, Essex Co., N. Y., where he learned the trade of black- 
 smithing, remaining there until 1850, when he came to Wisconsin and fir.st settled in Oshkosli, 
 remaining there one year, and f.om there to Ripon Township until 1850, when he went to. Oregon 
 for one year and from there to the Chippewa Il;"scrvation, Minn., engaged in his trade of black- 
 smithing ; in 1803, he returned to Ripon Township to his sliop on Sec. 18, whicli he at present 
 carries on, having connected witli him liis son, P. C. Shute, as a wheelwright; he has held 
 the office of Justice of the Peace one term. > He married twice; his first wife was JMiss Mar- 
 garet Adgite, daughter of Luther Adgatc ; they were married DeJ. 31, 1839 ; she died in 1852, leaving 
 three children, one living — Frederick C ; two deceased, viz., Ge::rgc Henry, and Dexter B., who enlisted 
 in Co. II, 2l)th W. V. I., and was ki led at ihi battle of Prairie Grove, Ark , Djc. 7, 1862. His second 
 wife was iMiss JIary T. Butler, dau.;hter of Norris and Mary A. Butler of this township; they were mar- 
 ried Oct. 14, 1853; they have four children — Phinoas C., Margaret L., George D. and Herbert M. 
 Mr, atiii Mrs. .Shute are members of the .Methjilist Churcli. His politics are Republican. 
 
 IIEXRY C. SJIITH, farmer. Sec. 10 : P. 0. R'pon; was born in Orleans Co., N. Y., Sept. 24, 
 1838 ; when he was 10 years of age, liis parcn's, Elisha and .M.iry Smith, came West and settled in Iowa 
 Co., Wis., remaining there three years; in 1851, came to Green Lake Co., and in 1802 came to Fond du 
 Lac Co., and settled in the city of Ripon ; h'n nioilier died tliere in tlio fall of 1807 ; the nest .spring his 
 father moved to the farm on Sec. 10, where he died in June, 1872; tlie farm contains eighty acres; he 
 sulject of iliis sketcli remained with them, and now re-ides upon the homestead. IMr. Smith married, 
 July 4, 1859, Miss Helen Clarke; she was born in iMadison Co., N. Y., June 10, 1813; lier parents, 
 Stejihen and Susan Clarke, came West in 1850, and settled in the town of Brooklyn, Green Lake Co., 
 where tliey now reside; Mrs. Smith had three children, two living — Jennie E., born July 7, 1803, and 
 Fred, April 5, 1800 ; one dead— Frank, born Feb. 4, 1801, died Marcli 10, 1808. 
 
 J. S. SOULE,f.rmer.Sec. 17, P.O. Ripon ; was bolt in Franklin Co., Vt., Au-. 0, 1817 ; up to the 
 age of 2.) years, assisted his parents in I'arniing; his fitlier died in Fairfax, Vt., in the year of 1847; the 
 subject of this sketch came to the State of Wisconsin in 1 830 ; after remaining until the next year, returned 
 to Vu'mont for three years; he then engaged in the business of a tanner, in the town of Fairfax, Frank- 
 lin Co., Vt., for six years, up to 1850; he then went to F'airfax Falls, and carried on the lumbering busi- 
 ness for two years, after whicli he engaged in farming, up to 1803, when he came again to the State of 
 Wisconsin, and settled in Ripon Township, in this county, on Sec. 17, where he has ever since resided. 
 He married Miss Mariali P. Kingsbury, daughter of John and Sarah Kingsbury, of Fairfax, Vt., on the 
 14tli day of March, 1847; she was born in Fairfax, Vt., May 15, 1829; they had ten children, viz.: Sarah 
 
KIPOX. 909 
 
 MRS. CLOKISSA T. TRACY, Instructor in Algebra and Botany, Ripon College ; is a 
 native of .Susijuehanna Co., Penn.; her parents, Stephen and Lucy Tucker, were natives of Vermont; 
 she received her early education in the academies of Susquehanna and Wayne Cos., Penn., but completed 
 her studies at the Troy Female Seminary, at Troy, N. Y.; she began toaehins; when only 14 years of 
 age, continuing her studies, however, until she left Troy in 184-3 and went to Honesdale, where she 
 accepted the position of Principal and teacher in the Young Ladies' Seminary at that place, where she 
 had previously taught. In 1844, she was married, and only devoted a portion of the time to teaching 
 until the time of Mr. Tracy s death, which occurred in 1848 ; then she resumed lier pu,sition as Principal 
 in the Seminary and remained there until 18513 ; she then came to Neenah, Wis., and conducted a private 
 school for three years ; in 1851), she came to Ripon and has held successively the positions of General 
 Superintendent of the Ladies' Department, Principal of same department and Matron of Ripon College, 
 and has always, since coining here, taught algebra and botany in the College. At the time of her hus- 
 band's death, she was left with two children, a daughter and son; the daughter died three years later; 
 her son, James H. Tracy, graduated from Ripon College in 1868 ; he then entered upon the study of 
 medicine in Chicago, and, a year later, entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York 
 City, from which institution he gra'duated ; during the Franco-Prussian war he was Assistant Hospital Sur- 
 geon, at Berlin, Prussia; he is now settled in the practice of his profession at Eseanaba, Mich. 
 
 \VI1jIj¥.4.M M. TREANORE, wagon and carriage maker; was born in Scotland Jan. 3, 
 1830 ; came to Xew York City, where he resided two years, in 1852 ; removed from there to Springfield, 
 Mass., where he remained five years; then came to Wisconsin ; came to Ripon in 1863. Mr. T. began 
 carriage-trimming in 1845 ; he is now a member of the firm of Treanore & Blodgett, wagon and carriage 
 makers. He was married at Pittsfield, Mass., in August, 1854, to Martha Bennett, a native of the town 
 of Bolton, N. Y.; they have three children — Helen E., Vincent 0. and Water P.; William E. died when 
 18 months old. Mr. T. has been Alderman of the First Ward two terms. 
 
 WILLIAM W. D. TURXER, attorney; was born at Quincy, 111., June 1, 1836, whence 
 he moved with his parents to Edina, Knox Co., Mo., in 1837 ; this was his residence until 1859, when he 
 moved to Lebanon, Mo., being admitted to the bar the same year. Mr. T. was elected to the convention 
 called to determine whether Missouri should remain in the Union ; was the youngest member of that 
 body and an "unconditional Union man." He entered the army in June, 1861, and was three months in 
 the Home Guard ; raised the 20th Mo. V. J., which was mustered out in the fall of 1864. After leaving 
 the army, he went to New Orleans, where he was Judge Advocate of the Provost Court until May 11, 
 1865. when he went to Mobile, Ala.; in 1873-74, he was City Attorney of Mobile ; in September, 1877, 
 Col. T. came to Ripon, where he has since practiced his profession, being a member of the law firm of 
 Dobbs & Turner; in 1876, he was the Republican candidate for Congress in Alabama, and, in 1878, the 
 Republican candidate for District Attorney of Fond du Lac Co. 
 
 COL. C. H. UPII AM, retired; was born at Westminster, Worcester Co., Mass., Feb. 18, 1828 ; 
 came to Niles, Mich., in 1848 ; came to Racine, Wis., where he engaged in the forwarding and commis- 
 sion business, in 1853; at Racine he was City Clerk and Comptroller, and in the army was Captain of 
 the Commissary and Subsistence, Department of the Gulf. In 1866, Col. U. went to Shawano, Wis., 
 and engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1877, when he came to Ripon. He was married at Westminster, 
 Mass., in November, 1851, to Amanda E. Gibbs, a native of that State ; they have two children — Fred 
 W. and Kittie J. 
 
 JACOB VERMILYE, retired ; is a native of Fishkill, Dutchess Co., N. Y. ; born in 1804, 
 and is the son of William and Cynthia Vermilye ; he devoted mueti of his earlier life to lumbering; in 
 1831, he located in Troy, N. Y., and w;is employed in the construction of the railroad from Albany to 
 Schenectady, N. Y., and afterward followed various kinds of business in New York till 1853 ; in April of 
 that year, he came to Wisconsin and settled on a farm of 160 acres in the town of Metomen, Fond du 
 Lac Co., and made farming his vocation till October, 1875, when he removed to the city of Ripon, and he 
 has lived a more retired life. Oct. 6, 1835, he was married to Miss Lydia, daughter of William 
 and Mary Miles, of Dutchess Co., N. Y, ; their children are Nellie, now the wife of Truman Blossom, 
 and lives in Winona, Minn. ; Caroline, now Mrs. David Meorley, and lives at Minneapolis, Minn. ; Mary, 
 now the wife of George Lour, of Blue Earth Co., Minn.; Libbie, now Mrs. Wallace Bolsley, and lives at 
 Na.shua, Iowa ; Amanda, now the wife of Dyer Bell, of Minnesota ; Cynthia, now Mrs. James Walker, of 
 Kasson, Minn. ; Eliza, the late Mrs. Wm. Whitman, of Minnesota, deceased ; Harrison, now a merchant 
 in this city, and who married Miss Anna, daughter of Patrick and Katie (Phelps) Hefron, of Omro, 
 Wis., in 1865 ; they have one son — Frank. Members of the Congregational Church. 
 
910 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 REV. J. W. WALiCOTT was bom at Pawtucket, E. I., Nov. 2'J, 1812: son of James D. 
 
 and IJannali Jenks Wolcott ; moved with liis father, a cotton manufacturer, to Newport, N. H., the same 
 year ; he received a preparatory education at Kimball Union Academy at Meriden, and entered Dart- 
 mouth College ill 1885, graduating from it in 1830, in the fall of which year he entered Auburn Theolog- 
 ical Seminary, graduating from that institution in 1843; Jlr. W. first preached two years at Virgil, 
 Cortland Co., N. Y. ; next was Principal of Monroe Academy in Cayuga Co., N. Y., two years, and then 
 was Principal of Auburn Female Seminary until it was burned, when he came to Wisconsin and began 
 preaching at iMenasha ; in the fall of 1833, he came to llipon, living in the city twenty years, removing 
 in iMarch, 1S73, out on Green Lake Prairie, occasionally preaching since that time. He was married, at 
 Bristol, R. I., in ]May, 1814, to Hannah B. Church, a native of Rhode Island, who died in July, 1849, 
 leaving two children, who have since died ; he was married a second time, at Auburn, N. Y., in 
 May, 1833, to Caroline, daughter of Isaac Cooper; she was born at Croydon, N. H. ; they have two 
 children — D.xtcr Cooper and Frank B. 
 
 HENKY C. WELLCOME, of the firm of Clough & Wellcome, grocers; is a son of the 
 Rev. iMark L). Wellcome; born in Franklin Co., .Me., Sept. 1, 1833; he spent much of his early 
 life altcndina: common and high schools of his native county, and in 1873, came West, hoping to improve 
 his then failing health ; he settled first in Washington Co., Wis., where he tried farming ibr a short time, 
 but not finding that business very recuperative, lie again resorted to travel, which he continued through 
 much of Wisconsin, Iowa and Missouri ; in 1860, lie began the hotel business in Savannah, Mo., which 
 he continued a short time, and then came to Green Lake Co., Wis. In 1861, he enlisted as a private in 
 Co. I., of the 11th W. V. I., but was soon elected First Lieutenant of his company ; he was with the 
 Army of the Tenm^ssee, and took part in the battles of Port Gibson, siege of Vicksburg, Grand Gulf, 
 Champion Hills, Black River and others ; in 1863, Gen. Banks appointed him on the Provost Marshal's 
 staff at New Orleans, where he served till the close of the war ; was mustered out of service at Madison, 
 Wis., and at once returned to Fond du Lac, thence to Milwaukee, where for eight years he was engaged 
 in the hotel business ; disposing of this in 1874, he removed to Ripon, and in 1870, became interested in 
 the grocery trade. In 1872, he was married to Miss Jennie, daughter of Christopher and Abigail New- 
 bert, of Waldoboro, Me., who died at Ripon in 1S73 ; he afterward married Miss Esther M., daugh- 
 ter of Tsanc and Ksthcr Merrick, of Ripon, Wis., in 1874 ; they have one son — Harry C. 
 
 JOHN WELLER, firmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Ripon; was born in Prince Edward Co., Upper 
 Canada, in the fall of 1825; his father, William, died before he was born; his mother, Dillie Weller, 
 died in 184(); Mr. Weller came to Wisconsin Oct. 20,1852, and first settled in Green Lake Co. 
 for seventeen years; in 1860, he came to his present farm of 140 acres. He married, Aug. 30, 1848, 
 Miss Mary Ann Bedal, daughter of Isaac and Nancy Bedal, of Prince Edward Co., Upper Canada, who 
 came to Wisconsin in 1852, and settled in Green Lake Co.; her father died there Jan. 11, 1864; her 
 mother then came to live with her, and died Sept. 11, 1878; Mrs. Weller was born in Bloomfield, I'rinoe 
 Edward Co., Upper Canada, Oct. 20, 1825; they have three sons — Sydney, born Nov. 18, 1849; Jamea 
 R., Nov. 10, 1851, botli born in Brighton, Canada, and Benjamin F., born in Fond du Lac Co., Aug. 30, 
 1854. iMrs. Weller is a member of the Presbyterian Churoli ; Mr. Weller is a Republican in politics. 
 
 JOHX WEIStwERBER, proprietor of the Mjpes House; was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, 
 Germany, ill 1817, and is the son of John and IMary Weisi;crber ; was educated in the schools of his 
 native country, and Ibllowed farming there till about 26 years old ; July 5, 1843, he landed in New York, 
 as an emigrant to America; he continued farm work in New York for two years, then was employed in 
 the salt works of Syracuse, N. Y., for ten years; in 1655, he came to Wisconsin and, for the next two 
 years, was ])roj)rietor of a saloon in Sheboygan; thence he removed to Sheboygan Falls and continued the 
 same business for two years longer; in 1859, he wont to BcrliYi, Wis., where he opened a billiard room, 
 but was burned out in January, 1860. and lost all he had ; he tiien kept the Arcade House for two years; 
 in 1862, he purchased the Dartford House, at Dartford, Green Lake Co., Wis., of which he was proprietor 
 till 1S73 ; disposing of his property at Dartford at that time, he purchased the Mapes House, in Ripon, 
 Wis., of which he has since bi-'Cn proprietor. March 15, 1845, he was married to Miss Ann M. Resell, a 
 native of Bavaria; they had three children — Caroline, now the wife of C. F. Schultz, of Fall Creek, Eau 
 Claire Co., Wis.; Herman, who, with his mother, died with the cholera, in 1849 ; Katie (deceased). In 
 1849. he was married to Miss Barbara, dauditer of Fredrick and Barbara Seybold, a native of Germany; 
 the children are as follows: Mary, Katie (now the wife of P. H. Jewson, and lives in Nebraska), Lizzie, 
 Mena. Mrs. Wcissorber died at Dartf.rd, June 3, 1866. 
 
 REV. JOSEPH WESTENBERGER was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, Nov. 
 10, 1845, where he received a cla.ssical education; came to New York City in 1866, where he remained 
 
Rirox. ^11 
 
 nine months; spent one summer at Bath, JIason Co., 111.; then entered Wartburg Seminary, iu Iowa, 
 •where he received a theoloLnc;il education ; began preaching in February, 1869, at Sladisun, Wis.; iu Feb- 
 ruary, 1S70, was ordained to the holy ministry at Maxfield, Bremer Co., Iowa; preached two years at 
 Pocahontas, iMo.; Waterloo, Iowa, two years ; Prairie du Cliien over two years ; Milwaukee, three years 
 and one month; then, in November, 1878, came to Kipon, where he is Pastor of the Evangelical Lu- 
 theran Church, and teacher of the parish school, preaching also at Rosendale and Brandon. Mr. W. was 
 married in Iowa, Aug. 2, 1870, to JCliza Weguian, born in (Jermany, and who came to Iowa, with her 
 parents, wlien 2 years old ; they have ibur children — -Joseph, Lorenz, John and Gustav, and have lost 
 oQe — Tillie, who died in MiKvaukc, aged o vcars and 8 months. 
 
 CHARLECi F. WHEELER," banker; was born at Stockbridge, Berkshire Co., Mass., 
 Aug. 25, 1837; resided ten years at Penn Yan, N. Y., spending one year in the banking business; 
 removed to Chicago in 185G; to Kipon in February, 1857; employed as book-keeper and teller in the 
 Bank of Ripon until May, 1864, when the firm of Bowen & Wheeler, bankers, was formed, which still 
 continues in business. 11 _- was married at Wetheisfield, Henry Co., 111., Nov. 8, 18G0, to Maria S., eldest 
 daughter of Rev. B. B. Parsons, n')W of Phihulelphia ; she was born in Connecticut; they have had one 
 child, now deceased. Mr. NVheeler'has been Treasurer of the Ripon Agricultural and Mechanical Associ- 
 ation many years, and the finiily are members of the Congregational Church. ^ 
 
 SPEXCER WHITIIVtt was born in Schoharie Co., N. Y., Nov. 18, 1835; his parents, 
 Charles and Catherine Whiting, were natives of New York, but now live in Ripon. Mr. Whiting came 
 to Ripon, Wis., in 1854, and has since followed farming and various other kinds of business. In October, 
 1858, he was married to Miss Louisa, diu-jhter of George W. and Lorinda Parker, a native of Wyoming 
 Co., N. Y., but iinnii;;rants to Ripon in 1845; they have two sons — Eininett A. and Frank A., and one 
 adopted daughter — Edna C. They are members of the First Baptist Church. 
 
 DANIEL WILCOX. This gentleman has resided in Wisconsin for over thirty-three years ; 
 is a naiive of Lewis Co., N. Y. ; was born in the town of Lowville Oct. 3, 1803. Jan. 13, 1831, he 
 married, in Iiis native town, Iluldah Williams ; she was also a native of Lewis Co., N. Y. ; born March 
 1, 1804; soon after their marriage, they moved to Jeffer.-on Co.; thence to Fowler. St. Lawrence Co, 
 where they remained until their c iming to Wisconsin, in 1847 ; lived in Walworth Co. until the spring 
 of the following year (1848), when they purchased a tract of 320 acres of land from the Government, in 
 tlie town of Alto, Fond du Lac Co. ; removed on it, and immediately commenced improving it ; they 
 resided in the town of Alto (with the exception of the year 1854, during which they lived in the town 
 of Waupun) until 18G4. when they removed to the city of Ripon, which bus been their home since ; they 
 have had seven children, four of whom are living — ilary E., who married, in 1857, H. Harwood (he was 
 a soldier in Co. G, 29th W. V. I.; participated in numerous battles; was wounded at Jackson, Miss., 
 and died in the service at New Orleans Sept. 27, 1804; Mrs. Harwood and child, Esther Irene, reside in 
 Ripon); Jli^s I. Irene, teacher in the Art Department. Ripon College; Cornelia, wife of H. G. Clough, 
 Rochester, Jlinn. ; Herman M., a leading attorney, St. Louis, Mo. ; names of the deceased children were 
 Eldbridge, Harriet and D.miel IMonroe. Sir. Wilcox and family are members of the Congregational 
 Church ; he believes that Christianity is an essentia! means of inward moral growth and progress in 
 society and government, and that all political action should be prompted and controlled by the same broad, 
 generous and unselfish purpose. During the time he resided in tlie town of Alto, he was Chairman and 
 a member of the Side Board of Supervisors twelve years, and Justice of the Peace about an equal length 
 of time, and, in 1S54, was Chairman of Board of Supervisors in Waupun ; he has always taken a deep 
 and active interest in the religious and educational matters of the county. 
 
 EDWIN WILSON, insurance agent ; was born at Philadelphia, Penn., Jan. 1, 1833 ; resided 
 there nine years; then removed to Luzerne Co. ; whence he came to Ripon May 1, 1855, and engaged 
 as clerk for Jehdeiah Bowen, with whom he remained three years ; engaged four or five years in the mer- 
 cantile business ; in 1805, began the fire and life insurance business, being also connected with Bowen & 
 Wheeler's bank prior to 1878. Mr. W. was City Assessor in 1877 and 1878. He was married at Fao- 
 toryville, Wyoming Co., Penn., April 28, 1857, to Elizabeth S. Mills, born iu Long Island; they have 
 one son — I'Mward H. They ate members of the Congregational Church. 
 
 FRANK S. WILSON, druggist; was born at Ypsilanti, Mich., in March, 1849 ; came to 
 Marke.san, Green Lake Co., Wis., in 1800, and to Ripon in 1870, where he engaged in the drug business. 
 Mr. W. attended the State Normal School at Ypsilanti, and learned the drug bus.ness in Michigan, which 
 he has followed exclusively since coming to Ripon. 
 
 GILBERT F. WILSON, grain-dealor; was born in Orange Co., N. Y., in June, 1843; 
 he came to Wisconsin, with parents, John and Mary J. NVilson, and located in the town of Rosendale, 
 
yi2 BIOCxRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Fond du Lac Co., in 1851, where he afterward lived on a farm most of the time till 1868. In Ausfust, 
 1862, he enHsted in Co. H, of 20th W. V. I., and partook in all its battles and movements till it was 
 mustered out of serviee at (J-alveston, Tex., in August, 1865. In April, 1868, he was married to 3Iiss 
 Hattie, daughter of Samuel L. and Sarah Whitney, of the town of Rosendale, Fond du Lao Co., and in 
 that year removed to the town of Ripon, where he continued for two years ; in 1871, they came to this 
 city, where he has since been dealing in grain most of the time ; their children are Herbert E., Frank A. 
 and H;irrv M. 
 
 HJGXKY *V. WOLCOTT, retired ; was born at Trenton, Oneida Co., N. Y., June 18, 
 1819; came to Rosendale, settling on Sec. 27, Aug. 17, 1815, his wife juining him October 13, of the 
 same year ; Mr. W. made the secoid entry of land in Rosendale. Was the first School Superintendent 
 and Inspector, and hold the offices of Justice of the Peace, Chairman, Assessor, etc., several years. After 
 leaving his farm and settling in Ripon, he ran, as a member of the firm of Wolcott & Bateman, the 
 Ceresco Mill about five years ; bought wool two or three seasons, and now is engaged in loaning money and 
 the settlement of estates. He is Vice President of the Northern State Fair Association ; was President 
 one year of the Ripon Agricultural and Mechanical Society, and Secretary two years. He was married 
 at Trenton, N. Y., to Emeline Lyman, a native of that place ; they have five children — Angeline J., 
 now Mrs. L. E. Reed; Flora J., now Mrs. A. W. Pettibone; Julia E., now Mrs. Fayette L. Taft, of 
 Burlington, Vt.; Carrie B., at home, and Henry A., studying law with L. E. Reed. 
 
 ALiAKSON WOOD, proprietor Wood's Hotel ; sun of Alanson and Mary Wood ; settled in 
 Green Lake Co. in 1849, where his fother died in 1852 ; his mother is now Mrs. Aison Norton, of 
 Ripon ; Mr. Wood came to Ripon in 1856. Enlisted as a private in Co. B, 32d W. V. I., Aug. 6, 1862 ; 
 served until June, 1865, participating with his regiment in all battles, skirmishes and marches, without 
 receiving a scratch. In the spring of 1866, he went into the old American House wiih his brother 
 William; two years later, bought him out; April, 18, 1872, began the mason work for Wood's Hotel ; 
 had the grand opening Oct. 12 of the same year. Mr. Wood has served as Alderman of the Second 
 Ward. He was married at Ripon April o, 1867, to Hannah A., daughter of Daniel W. and Avis Fisk ; 
 they have two children living — Gracie Louise and Lucy Jenks; lost one — Avis Marble, died Dec. 13, 
 1871, aged 3 years and 3 months. Mr. Wood was born at Yates, Orleans Co., N. Y., June 29, 1842, 
 and his wife in Adams, Mass.; prior to entering the army, Mr. Wood attended Ripon College three 
 years. 
 
 JACOB WOODRUFF, nurseryman ; was born at Litchfield, Conn., Oct. 17, 1813; after 
 three and one-half years spent in whaling, went in 1838, to Great Bend, Penn.; in 1844, left that place 
 and moved to Green Lake, Wis., where he remained from September until January or February of 1845, 
 when he came to Ceresco and joined the Wisconsin Phalanx; before coming to Wisconsin, Mr. W. was 
 engaged in blaoksmithing, and also for about sis years in Ripon, after the Phalanx broke up ; since 1856, 
 he has been engaged in the nursery business ; during two or three years, he was largely interested with 
 two or three others in raising willow for baskets. He has been City Treasurer one year, Assos.sor of First 
 Ward one year, Ti'easurer and member of School Board six years. Mr. W. was married at Great Bend, 
 Penn., Aug. 4, 1840, to Penila Wilson, born at that place Nov. 23, 1813; they have one child — Ensign, 
 and have lost three — Frank, Charlotte and Walter, all at the age of about 2 j^ears. 
 
 <jrEOKGE WREN, architect and builder ; was born in the county of Susses, England, in 
 1833; his parents, Thomas and Ann Wren both died in England; when 17 years old, he entered upon 
 an apprenticeship at the carpenter and joiner's trade, which he continued there for five years; in July, 
 1856, he sailed from Liverpool, and landed in New York iu August; thence to Ripon, Wis., where he 
 arrived Sept. 1 of that year; since Mr. Wren's settlement in this city, he has followed the business of an 
 architect and builder, and has been connected with the erection of some of the most prominent buildings 
 of the city. In 1859, he was married to Jliss Harriet, daughter of James and Lydia Kingsbury, a native 
 of England but immigrated to Wisconsin in 1856 ; their children are Lizzie R., Anna E. and Fred B. 
 Mrs. Wren is a member of the First Presbyterian Church. 
 
ROSEISDALE TOWNSHIP. S13 
 
 ROSENDALE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 CHAUBfCEY M. BALCOM, farmer, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Rosendale ; was born in Warren Co., 
 N. Y., June 14, 1818, and is the son of Isaac and Sally Balcam, nee Greene, natives of Massachusetts ; 
 he was a farmer in New York till 1845, when, in Au;j;ust of that year, he immigrated to Wisconsin and 
 settled on a farm of 160 acres in Sec. 34, town of Piosendale, where he has since continued farming. In 
 Warren Co., N. Y., July 13, 1845, he was married to Mary A., daughter of William and Sophia Cook, 
 nee Morse; their children are as follows: Daphne, now the wife of Lyman S. Curtis, and lives in Lewis 
 Co., N. Y.; Elmira, now the wife of George Wheeler, of the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; 
 Walden, who now lives in Dakota, and Chauncey, who resides at home with his parents. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Balcom were the sixth family to settle in the town of Rosendale. 
 
 JOHX R. BLACKBURIV, proprietor of the Blackburn House, i.s a native of Yorkshire, 
 England; his father, Samuel Blackburn, a wool-stapler, was born also in Yorkshire, Oct. 28, 1798 ; his 
 mother, Elizabeth Durant, was born in the county of Sussex, Sept. 22, 1795; they were married 
 May 22, 1823, and had a family of seven children, four of whom are now living, as follows: Amelia, now 
 the wife of Thomas Parkin, and lives in Toronto, Canada ; John R., the subject of this sketch ; William 
 R., who now lives in Clear Water, Minn., aiid Maria E., now Mrs. Leonard Brown, of Fond du Lac. 
 John R., the oldest son, was born May 7, 1830, and with his father's fimily immigrated to America in 
 1842, and settled at Toronto, Canada, where for the following fiur years his father was engaged in the 
 mercantile business. In August, 1846, the family, consisting of parents and four children, landed in Mil- 
 waukee as immigrants to Wisconsin, and came thence to the town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., 
 where they settled on a farm on Sec. 34, which was their home till the fall of 1875, when they removed 
 to the city of Fond du Lac, where they now live ; John R. made his home with his parents on the farm 
 till 1854, when, May 29, of that year, he was married to Miss Abigail P., daughter of Daniel W. and Sarah 
 (Bradford) Potter (natives, her father of Connecticut, born Dec. 19, 1787, her mother of Vermont, born 
 Sept. 9, 1798, who were afterward married and settled in the town of North Chili, Monroe Co., N. Y., 
 where Abigail was born Oct. 27, 1834; and was afterward married to Mr. Blackburn) ; they came at once 
 to the town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where he continued farming for five j'ears ; in 1860, 
 he began merchandising at Lamartine, and continued there till 1873 ; he then removed his business to 
 the city of Fond du Lao, where he devoted his attention more especially to the grocery trade for four 
 years ; in the spring of 1877, he removed to the village of Rosendale, and continued mei'chandising till 
 June, 1879; in the fall of 1877, he purchased the old Rosendale Hotel property, a year later rebuilt it, 
 named it the Blackburn House and has since been its proprietor. Their children are Frank W., who 
 married Miss Matilda, daughter of Robert and Mary J. Blair, of Fond du Lac, May 29, 1878, and is now 
 the merchant of this village ( Rosendale) ; H. Elmer, now a printer in Chicago ; Charles R., Daniel Bert, 
 S. Elizabeth, H. Louise and Minnie M., now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Blackburn are members of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 HENRY' C. BOTTIJM, farmer. Sec. 30;' P. 0. West Rosendale; was born in Addison Co., 
 Vt., in January, 1826 ; he is one of a family of seven children, whose parents were Roswell and Elue 
 Bottum, and were also natives of Addison Co., Vt.; at the age of 18, he began clerking in a store, which 
 he continued until 22 years old ; for the next six years, he was engaged in the mercantile business on his 
 own resources, at Benson, Rutland Co., Vt. At Lowell, Mass., July 21, 1852, he was married to Miss 
 Helen M., daughter of Dr. Z. P. and Fannie Burnham, of that city; in November, 1854, with his wife 
 and one son, he emigrated ti) Fond du Lac Co , Wis., and settled on a farm in Sec. 30, town of Rosendale, 
 which has since been their home. Mr. Bottum was Town Clerk of Rosendale fifteen successive terms, 
 beginning with the year 1856 ; he was Chairman of the town for three terms ; in 1868, he was elected a 
 member of the Wisconsin Assembly from the first Assembly District; was re-elected in 1869 and 1878. 
 They have six children — Joe H., Roswell, Perkins B., George R., Sheldon G. and Helen N. 
 
 ANSOX H. BOWE, M. !>., the first physician of Rosendale ; is a native of Hampden Co., 
 Mass., born April 5, 1813; his grandfather, Isaac Bowe, was a descendant of Alexander and Sarah Bowc, 
 who came from England and settled at Middletown, Conn., as early as 1678 ; he was the son of Peleg and 
 Mary (Woodward) Bowe, born Feb. 6, 1755. Was married to Elizabeth Lee May 18, 1775; they had 
 six children, of whom Isaac, the father of Anson H., was the oldest, and was married to Eunice Cooley, 
 and raised a family of six ; when Anson H., their youngest, was about 5 years old, they removed to 
 
914 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Bradford Co., Penn., where he received the earlier part of his education in the common schools, and after- 
 ward attended an academy for a short time; in 1837, he began the study of medicine with a prominent 
 physician of Springfield, 15radford Co., Penn., but attended lectures at the medical college of liakimore, 
 Md.; he returned to Springfield, and practiced liis profession there till 1846; he came thence to the town 
 of Rosendalc, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., made some investments in real estate, selected the village fur his 
 future home, and returned to Pennsylvania for his family, with whom he arrived in June, 1847. He was 
 the first physician to locate hero, and has since succes.sfLilly practiced his profcs.-^ion in this vicinity. March 
 12, 181)5, he was married to Julia A., daughter of lleuben and Lydiii Smead, nee llowley, of Springfield, 
 Penn; their children are Isaac, who now lives in Coniiceticu ; Frank, of this village (Kosendale) ; 
 Ethic, now the wife of Dr. J. C. La Favre, of llosend.*lo. Mr. and Mrs. Bowe are members of the M. E. 
 Church. 
 
 HENRY CHURCHYARD, farmer, Sec. 30, p. O. Ripon; is a native of Suffolk County, 
 England, born in May, 1830, and is the son of Isaac and Lucy Churchyard, who were also natives of 
 Suffolk County, England; when 14 years old, he entered upon a five years' apprenticeship to the auction- 
 eer's and land .surveyor's trade in his native county, which business he followed for two years after his 
 apprenticeship; April 1, 1850, he sailed from Ljndon for America and landed in Quebec in May follow- 
 ing ; ho came thence to the city of Fond du Lac, where he arrived in June of that year ; he first settled 
 on the •' Indian land," at Paysippi, Waushara Co., Wis., and two years later (1852), came to the town of 
 Roscndale, where ho followed working for the farmers by the month for one and a half years ; be then 
 bought a farm of eighty acres in Sec. 30, this town (Ro.sendale), which has since been his home, where he 
 now lias 140 acres. In September, 185(i, he was married to Adaline, daughter of Benona and iMargaret 
 Monctt, then residents of this town, but emigrants from New York in 1854; their children are Ellon, 
 Lina E., Henry, Lucy, Laura M., George, Fred, Mabel and Bonnie. 
 
 GEORCJK b. CURTIS (deceased) wa^ born intlie town of Martinsburg, Lewis Co., N. Y., 
 Aug. 1, 1821, and was the third son of Henry and Hannah Curtis, natives of Massachusetts but early 
 immigrants to New York ; he spent much of his early life on a farm ; was educated in the common 
 schools and academies of that county, and afterward followed teaching for five or six years. March 18, 
 1845, he was married to Rozella, daugh.ter of Samuel and Lydii (Tallmadge) Lyman, then a resident of 
 Oneida County, N. Y ; in April following, they immigrated to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled with 
 the first half-dozen families on " Sanborn's Prairie ; " the farm he then selected on Sec. 34, was ever after 
 his homo; here he afterward erected a fine mansion, which has become a landmark to this region, and 
 which is, perhaps, the finest rural residence in Fond du Lac Co. Upon the organization of the town 
 it was, at his suggestion, named Rosendale, and he continue 1 to be one of the most active in the manage- 
 ment uf its affairs througlumt its subsequent history, down to the day of his death, being many times 
 elected Chairman of the Town Board, besides filling other offices, for which his superior intellectual and 
 business qualifications eminently fitted him ; he was the first to oppose the granting of license to sell 
 liquors in the town, and through such opposition and unfluence the right to traffic in such has never 
 been granted within the limits of Rosendale ; he was most jiiMminent in securing the location of the She- 
 boygan railroad through the town, and, in connection wiih his brother, Lyman Curtis, built the elevator 
 at the depot, which has been a vast public benefit and greatly enhanced the business interests of the com- 
 munity; he was also quite active in most of the movements for promoting the interests of agriculture, for 
 which the town has for several years been characterized. Mr. Curtis was a man of much sympathy, gen- 
 erosity and of strong domestic tastes ; from his early boyhood up, he found his greatest pleasure at home 
 with some interesting book, or in joining in the conversation of the family circle ; as a husband and father, 
 he was strongly attached to his family and by them highly esteemed and greatly beloved; he died Oct 21. 
 1878, leaving a wife and lour children, as fallows : JIartha C. (now the wife of George Curiisl, Rosendale ; 
 Elon C, now of this town (Rosendale); Cora M., now a student at the Oshkosh Noraial School; George 
 H., of Rosendale. 
 
 BUSHNAL, DODD, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. Rosendale; is a native of the town of Corn- 
 wall, Addison Co., Vt., born Sept. 23, 1822, and is the sou of Jonathan and Betsey (Kenney) Dodd, 
 natives of Massachusetts; he spent his early life at farming in his native county, and, in 1844, came to 
 Wisconsin and landed at MUwaukee April 12 of that year, and settled a short time in the town of 
 Pewaukee, Waukesha Co., whore his parents afterward joined him ; in September, 1845, he, with his 
 brother, W. H. Dodd, and C. Balcom, came to Fond du Lac, stopped one niglit with Dr. Darling, and, on 
 the following day, .selected their farms in the town of Ro.sendale ; ho, with his brother, entered a farm of 
 100 acres in Sec. 20, built a rude home and kept bach there for a while; eighteen months later, his father 
 arrived with the family and made that their home for ten years; then removed to Sec. 12, where they 
 
ROSENDAI.E TOWNSHIP. 915 
 
 ■afterward lived; they afterward died in tlie village, In? father at the age of 92, and mother at the age of 
 74. June 14, 1849. he was married to Miss Jane lli)gor.s, who died Aug. 1, 1858, leaving four children 
 — Charles P. (now deceased), Henrietta (now the wife of Ch;irlo.s A. Hendry, of Laniartinc), John B. 
 (now a farmrr in the town of Utici, Winnebago Co., Wis.), and Bion II. In February, IKtJO, he was 
 married to Margaret, dau'.'litor of George P. and Margaret Murray, natives of Prince I'idward's Island, 
 who camo to Illinois in 1S.")4; their children arc Oscar, Alice, Maggie and Carrie. jMr. D. owns 227 acres 
 in Sees. 12 and 13 and 10."), in the town of Utica, Winnebago Co., Wis. 
 
 WILLIAM DaK\BR.4€K, fanner; P. 0. 'llosendale ; was born in Germany in 1838; 
 came to America in ISli.J Mnd settled in the town of Springvalo, Fond du Lac Co., Wis; then to this 
 town — Ilisondale — in the fall of 1879. Was married to Miss [loht, of iMeoklenburg, before emigrating 
 to America; her parents, ('liarlcs and Reka Iloht, came Avith them to America in 1S(J5. 
 
 HUGH EDWARDS, deceased; was a native of Deiibigh.shiro, North Wales ; was the son of 
 John and Ann Edwards; born April (!, 179G; ho spent nmeh of his life on a farm in his native coun!ry; 
 received the earlier part of his eduL-ation in the schools of Denbighshire, but completed his Knglish studies 
 at Chester, Engl;'.nd, in 1813; returning then to Wales, he continued the vocation of a firmer there till 
 1859. April 28, 1820, ho was married to Mary Faulks, with whom and hi.s fami'y (in 1859) he immi- 
 grated ro Wisconsin and settled on a firm of 2tjl) acres in Sjcs. 22 and 27, town of Rosand.ile, Fond du 
 Lac Co., which his son John had bought of Mr. Crossman in 1851 and occupied till the anival of his 
 parents ; this has since been the homo of the finiily ; here Jlr. Edwards died in October, 1879, leaving a 
 family of five children — Margaret S, (now a teacher in Virginia). John (now at home), Anna C. (also at 
 home), P. Wynn (who enlisted in Co. F., of the 21.st W. V. I., Feb. 29, 18C1; was with his regiment in 
 all its principal movements till mustered out at Jladison, Wis., in June, 1865; was married to iMary 
 Lloyd, of Winnebago Co.; they have one daughter — lOmily A.), Anna M. (now the wife of Peter lloberts, 
 •and lives in the town of Nekam i, \Vinncbago Co., Wis.). 
 
 WILLIAM FREI>RICK, farmer, Sec. 36; P. O. Bosendale; was born in Pru.sMa Jan. 8, 
 1831 ; i.s the son of Daniel and Charlotte Fredrick; at the age of 17, lie began the wagon-maker's trade 
 in his native country, which he continued there until 1855. In the fall of that year (1855), he was mar- 
 ried to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Chri-tian and Anna Bocks, of Prussia, anj with her, in 185G, he 
 immigrated to America; they settled on a farm in the town of Eldorado, Fond du Lao Co., Wis., whore 
 they lived until 1876 ; in the spring of that year he bought a farm of 160 acres on Sec. 36, town of 
 Roseridale, where he has since lived and followed farming; in 1879, ho purchas'^d eighty acres in Sec. 20, 
 niakiuLT him now a farm of 240 acres; they have one daughter, ' Emma. They are members of the 
 Lutheran Church. 
 
 WICKLIFF tiiOODRICH, farmer. Sec. 8; P. 0. Ripon ; was born in Somerset Co., 
 IMe., in July, 1820, and is the son of Joshua and Betsey (Robins) Goo-irich, natives, also of Maine, and 
 who afterward died there; he spent his earlv life on a farm in his native county; June 4, 1844, s'artcd 
 for the West; he stopped a short ti,me in Walworth Co., Wis., and then went to Illinois, where he spent 
 the winter; in the spring of 1845, lie returned to Wisconsin, and in June, 1846, pre-empted a farm in 
 Sec. 8, town of Rosendale, which lias since been his home ; he now has a farm of 280 acres in Sees. 8 
 and 17, of this town (Rosendale). In June, 1856, he married Jliss Julia, daughter of Luthtr and 
 Lucinda Pierce, tlicn of the town of Rosendale, but natives of Somerset Co., Me.; tlieir children are 
 Rudolph 0. and Oi-a W. 
 
 S rORRS H.\LL, 11. !>., physicim and surgeon ; is a native of Washington Co., N. Y.; his 
 father, Dr. Ira llall, was the .'^on of Nathaniel l\A\ and Jlehitabel Storrs, born in Leoanon, N. II., Dec. 
 20, 1772; graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1793; he suidied medicine in Granville, N. Y., where he 
 settled in his profession, in which he was very sueecssful and hii;hiy esteemed. Dee. 17, 1795, lie mar- 
 ried Rebecca, the oldest daughter of Peter and Es;her (Cfirk) Parker, of Granville, N. Y.; they had ten 
 sons, three of whom died in infancy, two in early manhood, and three otiiers at the average age of 73 
 years ; he died Sept. Ki, ISKi ; the tw.i older sons were farmers in New York ; the third, Edwin Hall, D. 
 D., was a Prcsbjterian minister, gradiiitcd at Middlebury College, Vt, in 1826; taught for five years, 
 and was then seitled as Pastor of the First Congregational Church, of Norwalk, Conn , for twenty-three 
 years; was Professor of Christian Theology in the Auburn Theological Seminary, of Auburn, N. Y., for 
 21 years, and Professor Emeritus of the same for one year he died Sept. 8, 1877 ; Sidney, the oldest now 
 living, is a farmer in the town of Granville, A\'ashirigton Co., N. Y., and is unmarried; Dr. Storrs, the 
 tenth son, was born in Granville, N. Y., Jlay 11, 1814; graduated at Middlebury College in 1838; 
 taught in various schools and academies in Connoeiicut lor twelve years ; during his teaching, it was 
 through his iiifluoaj3 thit the fir.--t Fairlijld County Toajhers' Assosiatiou was established, of which he 
 
910 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 was President, and through his infiuence in connection with others, at first unknown, but who afterward 
 became acquainted, that the first Slate Teachers' Association was established, and through their united 
 influence the State Normal of Connecticut was established, of which he was the first Vice President ; in 
 consequence of failing health, he gave up teaching, studied medicine, attended lectures at Yale University, 
 came to the town of Koscndale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in 1851, and has since been a successful physi- 
 cian of this village ; since his immigration to Wisconsin, he has been connected with the Fond du Lac 
 County Medical Society, which is now merged into tlie Rock River Medical Society ; he has been a 
 member of the Board of Trustees of Ripon College for about twenty years ; has been Secretary of the 
 Board and member of the Executive Committee for fifteen years; has been Deacon in the Congregational 
 Church since 1856. September 30, 1840, he was married to Elizabeth, the oldest daughter of Joseph 
 and Sarah (Kellogg) Scribner, of Norwalk, Conn; they have had five children, as follows: Sidney S., who 
 is now a physician at Morrison, Whiteside Co., 111.; William S., now a farmer in Johnson Co., Tex. ; 
 Charles E., now connected with the Reliance Flouring-Mills, of Neenah, Wis.; Elizabeth, who died in 
 infancy; Ira, now in the ofiice of the Reliance Flouring-Mills, of Neenah also. Mr. and Mrs. Hall are 
 members of the Congregational Church. 
 
 «ll>EOX HlkliLEY, farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Pickett's Station ; is the son of Jesse and Eliza 
 Hinkley, with whom he spent his early life on a farm in Androscoggin Co., Maine, where he was born 
 Nov. 2, 1827 ; when 21 years old, he went to the village of Lisbon, where he lived till 1855 ; in August, 
 
 1851, he was married to Miss Adeline B., daughter of Reuben and Neomi Loring, of Piscataquis Co., 
 Me., with whom and one child he immigrated to Wisconsin in the fall of 1855, and .settled on a farm 
 on Sec. 10, town of Rosendale, where he has since lived and followed farming; he now owns a farm of 
 100 acres ; his wife died here in February, 1859, leaving one daughter, Delia E., now the wife of Milton 
 Montgomery, and lives in Dakota. In 18(51, he was married to Miss Margaret, daughter of John and 
 Mary Wilson, of Rosendale, who died May 4, 1878, leaving the following children: Mary A., Jesse F., 
 Wilson, Mildred A., Lina B., Chauncey B., Gabriel B.; Feb. 14, 1879, he was married to Klla E., 
 daughter of Asa and Julia West, of TJtica, Winnebago Co., Wis.; they have one child, an infant son. 
 Mr. Hinkley 's second wife was a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church. His brother, Jesse Hinkley, 
 was in the 20th W. V. I., was killed at Prairie Grove, Ark., Dec. 6, 1862. 
 
 THOMAS HIIOHES, farmer, Sec. 12; P.O. Nekama; was born in Cardiganshire, South 
 Wales, in November, 1820, and is the son of Hugh and Jane (Owens) Hughes; when 12 years old, he 
 began the tailor's trade, which he continued in his native country till 1848. In 1840, he was married to 
 Miss Hannah, daughter of David and Mary Williams, natives also of Cardiganshire, and in May, 1848, 
 they sailed from AberystwytTi, South Wales, for America, and landing in Quebec in August following, 
 they came thence to Milwaukee, Wis., where he continued his trade one year ; in 1849, they removed to 
 the town of Rosendale, Fond du Lao Co., Wis., and settled on a fiirm of forty acres on Sec. 12 ; built his 
 pioneer shanty, and has since made it bis home; his shanty has since been exchanged for a more commo- 
 dious building, with the improvements of a modern farm residence ; his farm of 40 acres has increased to 
 one of 200 acres ; here his wife died, April 4, 1872, leaving seven children, having had nine as follows ; 
 David (deceased), Hugh (deceased), Mary, now the wife of Richard Robert, and lives in the town of 
 Nekama, Winnebago Co., Wis.; Jane, now at home with father; Annie, now the wife of Rees Davis, and 
 lives in Dodge Co.; Catharine, now the wife of George Moultimore, who lives in Calumet Co.; Hugh 
 ( deceased), Maggie, now at home; Owen, married and lives on the farm. Mr. Hughes and family are 
 connected with the M. E. Church. 
 
 WIl^HAM T. INXIS, farmer. Sees. 21 and 22 ; P. 0. West Rosendale ; was born in Orange 
 Co., N. Y., in .January, 1826. He is the son of William and Elizabeth Innis, natives also of Orange Co., 
 N. Y., with whom he spent his early life on a farm in his native county ; in May, 1849, with an older 
 brother, he came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on a farm of eighty acres in Sec. 22, which his 
 brother entered the previous year; he at once began to improve his farm, and made it his home for two 
 and a half years; he then returned to Orange Co., N. Y., and in March, 1852, was married to Miss Cath- 
 arine, daughter of Silas and Mary A. Jessup, nee Traphagen, then residents of that county ; in the fall of 
 
 1852, they came to their home in the town of Rosendale, where he has since followed farming, and where he 
 now owns 410 acres in Sees. 21 and 22 ; was elected Chairman of the Town Board in 181)4, re-elected in 
 1866 ; was elected a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from the First Assembly District in 1867 ; their 
 children are Albert C, now a resident of this town, Rosendale ; Florinc, now the wife of Fredrick Scofield, 
 Jr., and lives in the town of Springvale ; Ida, who is now at home. Mr. and Mrs. Innis are members of 
 the Congregational Church. 
 
ROSENDALE TOWNSHIP. 917 
 
 RICHARD M. JONES, farmer, Sec. 2; P. 0. Ring; was born in North Wales in April, 
 1812 ; came to America in 1847, stopped for a short time in Utica, N. Y. ; in 1849, came to Wisconsin 
 and entered a farm of ICtii acres in Sec. 2, town of Rosendale, which has since been his home. In July, 
 1853, he was married to Jemima, daughter of John and Mary Williams, a native of Wales, but then a 
 resident of the town of Utica, Winnebago Co. ; their children are Richard M. Jr., and Mary R. 
 
 WILLIAM J. JONES, farmer. Sec. 1; P. 0. Ring; was born in Angleshire, North Wales, 
 June 21, 1815, and spent his early life on a farm in his native county with his parents, Owen and Cath- 
 arine Jones; when 16 years old, he began the blacksmith's trade, which he continued there till 1819. In 
 December, 1842, he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Roland and Mary Hughes, and Aug. 1(5, 1849, 
 they sailed for America, landing at New York; they came thence to the town of Rosendale, Fond du Lae 
 Co., Wis., which has since been their home ; he now owns a farm of 160 acres in Sec. 11, and forty in 
 Sec. 2, and sixty acres in Sec. 1 of this town ; their children are Owen, who now lives on the farm on 
 Sec. 11 ; Henry and Roland, both at home. They are members of the Congre'.rational Church. 
 
 CHARLES F. KIMBALL, farmer. Sees. 16 and 17; P. 0. Ripon ; was born in New- 
 buryport, Ma.ss., May 19, 1814. His father, Ezra Kimball, was a seaman, and at the time of the birth of 
 his son, was in the marine service in the war of 1812, and afterward was taken prisoner by the British 
 sloop Snake ; upon the exchange of prisoners, he was employed in a merchant service sent to Norfolk, 
 Va., where he died with yellow fever; his mother, Isabel (Southerland) Kimball, removed with him to 
 York Co., Me., in about six months after his birth ; here they lived on a farm till he was about 12 years 
 old, and then moved to Lincoln Co., Me., where he made his home till 1850. In Dec. 31, 1835, he was 
 married to Mi.ss Mercy, daughter of Samuel L. and Lydia (Curate) Whitney, and a native of Lincoln Co.; 
 in October, 1850, they, with a family of two little girls, Christiana, now deceased, and an adopted daugh- 
 ter, Mary J. Durgen, now also deceased, settled at the village of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., as 
 immigrants from Maine ; two years later, he bought a fiirm of 120 acres in Sees. 16 and 17 (of this town), 
 which has since been his home, and wiiere he now enjoys the fruits of his years of toil. 
 
 CHARLES LAWSON, farmer. Sec. 29; P. 0. West Rosendale; is the oldest son of Stephen 
 and Keziah Lawson ; was born in Schenectady Co., N. Y., in 1819 ; in 1836, he went to New York City, 
 and was there engaged in various kinds of business till the fall of 1843 ; in the following spring he came 
 to Walworth Co., \Vis., where he followed farming for nearly four years; in 1846, he bought a farm of 
 160 acres in the southwest quarter of Sec. 29, town of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and in the 
 spring of 1848, settled thereon ; he now owns that and thirty acres on the southwest quarter of Sec. 22. 
 Since his residence in Rosendale he has held the office of Town Clerk and Assessor for several terms. Nov. 
 26, 1848, he was married to Miss iaura, daughter of William Morton, of Walworth Co., Wis., but a 
 native of New Vork ; she died May 18, 1872, leaving one son — Frank, now a resident of this town 
 (Rosendale). Nov. 25, 1873, he was married to Miss Melissa, daughter of John and Calista Adams, then 
 of Ripon, Wis., but emigrants from New York about 1856 ; they have one daughter — L. Labelle. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Lawson are members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 JOHN CLE FEVRE, M. D., is the son of Rev. J. W. and S. A. Le Fevre, nee Bald- 
 win; was born in New York City in August, 1840; in the fall of 1854, with his parents, he immigrated 
 lo Wisconsin, and settled on a farm in the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co. His father was a Meth- 
 odist minister, but after his removal to Wisconsin he devoted some of his time to farming, in connection 
 with his ministerial work. The Doctor received his earlier education in the common schools of the State 
 of New York, but pursued the higher branches of his literary studies at Lockwood Seminary, in West- 
 chester Co., N. Y.; be followed farming for ten years after their settlement in Springvale, Fond du Lac 
 Co. In the fill! of 1867, he beean the study of medicine with Dr. Bowe, of the village of Rosendale, 
 with whom he continued his studies for four years ; he attended one course of lectures at Rush Medical 
 College of Chicago, but graduated at Hughes Medical College of Keokuk, Iowa, in 1876; he then returned 
 to Rosendale and resumed his practice, and is now a successful physician of this vicinity. In June, 1864, 
 he was married to Miss Ethie J., daughter of Dr. Bowe, of Rosendale; they have one son — P. Edward. 
 Mrs. Le Fevre is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Le Fevre is a member of the 
 Masonic Fraternity. 
 
 THOMAS B. LOVELL, flirmer. Sec. 13; P. 0. Rosendale; was born in Isles of Ely, 
 Cambridgeshire, England, Aug. 28, 1822. His father, John Lovell, died when he was quite young, and 
 without a will, consequently, according to the laws of that country, the oldest son inherited the estate, and 
 he was forced to earn his own living from early boyhood. In 1847, he was married to Mi.ss Sarah A., 
 daughter of John and Alice Edgeley, of Cambridgeshire, and, in 1868, they came to America, and settled 
 on a farm in the town of Fond du Lac, B^ond du Lac Co., Wis., where they lived till 1874, when he 
 
918 BIOaRAPIIICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 biiuglit a farm of eighty-nine acres in Sec. 13, town of Roscndnle, which has since been his home. Their 
 cliildren are Jolin T., now living in the town of Waupun, Fond du Luc Co., Wis.; Caroline, now the 
 wife of 'William Wells, and lives in England ; William, Hannah. Fred and Alice, at home with their 
 parents. 
 
 JOSEPH LiUCIA, farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. llipon ; was born in Lower Canada Jan. 12, 1811, 
 and is the son of Paul and Josotte Lucia, nee Vereno, natives of Canada, but of French parentage ; when 
 1() years of age, he went to Briiport, Vt., where lie followed farm work in that vicinity tor twelve years. 
 There, in 1839, he was mairicd to Jli.ss Amelia, d.iughtcr of Amab and.Angette Braymin; they came 
 to Fond du Lac Cj., Wis., ami settled on a farm in Sec. 17, town of ilosendale, where he now owns 100 
 acres. Their clii dren are Lueiii i, now the wife t>f Zeb llamSond, of llipon ; Jane, now Mrs. iMo.5es 
 Treniljley, of the town of Friendship, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; Clarissa, now the wife of William Lambert, 
 and lives in Ripon ; Olive, now Mrs. J. Clinch, of the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; Caro- 
 line, now the wife of Joseph Branchand, of Marinette!, Wis.; Ovedr, now Mrs. George Trenibley, of 
 Minnesota; Joseph A., who lives in iMinnesota, and Delia, now in Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Lucia arc 
 members of the Catholic Cliureh. 
 
 tJHARLES LV31AN, retired farmer, Ilosendale; is a native of Lewis Co., N. Y., born in 
 February, 1820 ; wiien 2 years old, with pireiits. Samuel and Lucy (Talmadgcj Lyii'an, he removed to 
 Oneida Co., N. Y., where they afterward dieil; ho spent most of hii early life on a firm in Oneida Co., 
 and, in the spring of 1846, immiir.ited to Wisconsin and settled on a farm in Sec. 34, town of Rosendale, 
 Fond du Lac Co., where ho followed firming till the fall of 1 877 ; he then retired to tiie village of ilosen- 
 dale, and has since lived a more retired life an] enjoys the fruits of his years of toil. Sept. 23. 1850, he 
 was married to Miss A. W., daughter of W. and B. A. White, then residents of Rosendale, but immi- 
 grants from Oneida Co., N. Y., in IStS; their children are I'hnma (deceased). Clarence J , now a resident 
 of this town (Rosendale); Blinnie (deceased), Bertha M. Mr. and Mrs. Lyman are irembors of the M. 
 E. Church. 
 
 CLINTON MATTESON was born in Shaft.sbury, Bennington Co., Vt., Sept. 18, 1820, and 
 died iti Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., July 20, 1870; his father, Isaiah Jlattcson, was a native of 
 Vermont ; his mother, Charlotte Ilarpemling, was born in New Jersey, being an immediate descendant of 
 one of the families who came with Stuyvesant and settled New York City; the llar[)cnding coatof-arms 
 could be seen in the old Dutch Reformed church of St. John's a few years ago, and, even now, if the 
 cliurch still stands; they owned the site, and a large portion of hind surrounding it ; Clinton Matte.son was 
 the vonngest of eight children ; his education was obtained at the public school, with a few winters' terms 
 at an academy in the vicinity; liis fither following his profession (that of a Baptist mini.'-ter), left the 
 work of a farm, and the responsibility of its management, entirely to him; upon the death of his mother, 
 he sold the firm, and gathering tlio-o things together useful to a farmer, as early as 1845, turned his face 
 westward ; he came to jMihvaukee, Wis., by boat; there, purchasing a horse, he started on horseback fir a 
 place called Sanborn's Prairie, in Fond du Lac Co., Wi-^., hearing of it through a fiiend who had preceded 
 him; it proved to be a uuvt desirable place to locate; finding wood, water, and tillable land, he preiimpted 
 and purchased until he had a farm of fine dimensijns, as well as a baiiutil'ul location, because lying evenly 
 and solidly together, with splendid variety of soil ; this farm, with very little change as to boundiry linos, 
 comprises tiio estate of COO acres left to his children ; he built the first frame house in the town 
 of R'lsondale; then returned East, and, at Marcy, Oneida Co., N. Y., married, in 1847, Caroline 
 E. Potter. Being permanently settled in a place destined to rank first in agricultural industries, 
 Mr. Matteson became identified with all matters of public interest, and gave himself heartily to 
 the work of organizing and developing its interests; thus, in the year 1847, he took an important 
 part in organizing the town and laying out the State road; he was al.so an active member of the 
 Cemetery Association, locating the grounds and marking out the plats; the laying-out of the State 
 road, owing to the probability of its being an important ihorouglifirc and laid out under the laws of a new 
 State, developed two parties, who fought hard and bitterly as to what points it should ])ass; through some 
 illegality, one party lost ground, and thi; matter ended in laying a very direct route ii-om Waupun to Osh- 
 ko>h, running the entire I'ront of JMr. fthitlcson's farm ; he was very instrumental in inducing people to 
 settle in that part of the county; indeed, persons would be directed to Clinton Matteson if they were in 
 search of land or location ; for the first ten years, he gave his attention quite exclusively to wheat raising, 
 from 1850 to 185G r.iising from 3,500 to 4,000 btishels a year; ho introduced the best varieties of seed ; 
 his first market for this product was Sheboygan, fifty-five miles distant, where ho was obliged to carry it in 
 loads, taking two or more days for a trip ; when the soil began to yield less bountifully of wheat, he turned 
 his attention to sheep-raising ; in 1850, Mr. Matteson sent to Vermont for fine and valuable animals, 
 
KOSENDALE TOWNSHIP. 921 
 
 constantly importing finer and better ones to improve his flock. About 1858-59, he became Chairman of 
 the Board of Supervisors; in 1858, he joined the order of Free Mafons ; from tlie years 1861 to 
 18C5, he was President of the Agricultural and Mechanical Society of Fond du Lac Co. In 1861, 
 he married the second time, his wife being Eliza Frisbie, a native of Trenton Falls, Oneida Co., N. Y., 
 but at this time a resident of Rosendale. In the spring of 1871, an extension of the Sheboygan & 
 Fond du Lac Railroad was contemplated; Mr. M. worked hard and heroically to secure the eoiiperation of 
 a majority of the voters of Rosendale, riding weeks over almost impassalje roads ; he met with what at 
 times seemed insurmountable obstacles, and would have proved so to a less determined man ; the object 
 was at last gained through his personal exertions, and the road was built in the fall of 1871 ; the winter 
 was severe, and the subject of this sketch furnished food and shelter to many a man who worked upon a 
 snow-bound train ; Mr. Matteson, with his usual foresight, saw the necessity of having a better class of 
 stock, and early set to work purchasing the best breeds, selecting a kind which in his judgment would be 
 received universally as combining the largest number of desirable qualities; he introduced " short-horns," 
 purchasing his fiist animal in 1865, then adding every year, until, in 1873, he published liis first cata- 
 logue, and fully established the " Rosendale Herd of Short-Horns ; " the study of this branch of industry 
 was followed closely and systematically from the outset to the close of his life — indeed, he gave it the study 
 necessary to a profession ; he purchased the American Herd-Books, containing pedigrees, as fast as they were 
 published, also a condensed work of reference to English Herd-Books, thus possessing the encyclopedia of 
 "short-horn literature ; " Mr. Matteson was in constant communication with every organization tending to pro- 
 mote the interests of stock-growers, and took several journals devoted to such subjects ; his experience as a 
 breeder was acquired by conscientious and careful attention to details, together with extensive knowledge of the 
 business, whicli rightfully made him oae of the most prominent and successful stock-growers in the State ; he 
 thus became widely known throughout the Northwest, as a leader in some of the great agricultural and stock- 
 growing interests ; he was writing, at the time of his death, a history of some of the most important and fash- 
 ionable lines of pedigree; he was, undisputably, the first to bring "short-horns" into this part of the State, 
 as there was not a herd in Central or Northern Wisconsin until some years later ; he found ready sale for 
 all he had to sell, many of his patrons being strangers from distant localities — from the plains of Kansas and 
 the hills of Colorado; this became the crowning industry and work of bis life; he often remarked, " If I 
 could live ten years, what infinitely more satisfactory results might be accomplished," showing that he felt 
 it to be one of the established indastrios of the world. He was a man of singular decision and energy of 
 character, which made his virtues and foibles appear the more prominent ; he was open and honest, both 
 in his enmities and his friendships; after a declaration of hostilities, he would deal his opponents, as long 
 as they could stand or crawl, the heaviest blows without the smallest ceremony — indeed, when he was upon 
 the war-path, his valor was almost romantic, for he regarded not the number of his foes, but was ready to 
 attack, with equal courage and resolution, a whole church or a whole town ; but his resentment was not 
 lasting or rancorous, and, for very small concessions, he was always willing to bury the hatchet of war and 
 ^moke the calumet of peace; to his friends, he was steadfastly attached, and was ready, with chivalrous 
 promptness, to defend their honor or promote their interest ; to his neighbors who understood him, he was 
 uncommonly kind and obliging; one having been his neighbor f>r twenty-five years, can bear willing testi- 
 mony to his uniform courteousness during that long period, which makes him feel that in the death of 
 Clinton Matteson, he has lost both a neighbor and a friend. For his family, he provided a pleasant and 
 tasteful home, adding whatever he could to increase their comfort and promote their happine.'^.s ; he gave to 
 his children a liberal education in the best schools ; they were four in number — MadoraG. Slatteson (now the 
 wife of John R. Patty, of Fond du Lac, Wis.), and Bela C. (his only sen, now carrying on the business), 
 children of his first .wife; Slinnie and Mabel Matteson, children of his second wife; but three are living 
 now, Minnie, a lovely girl of 15, having died In less than two years after her father. Mr. iNLitteson pos- 
 scsssed a mind of unusual vigor and activity, the predominant traits being a clear comprehension and 
 superior judgment, united to wonderful energy and excellent management; the course of his mental oper- 
 ations were sometimes extraordinary, being almost an actual sight of future developments that seemed to 
 present tliemselves first to his internal vision long before they cams to external view ; he was a close 
 reader and ob.server of character, also possessing a faithful and logical memory, with ability for fine com- 
 parison, thus making him an interesting and highly entertaining conversationalist ; he had fine taste in 
 discriminating the appropriateness of act or speech, and was keenly alive to what is termed the " fitne.ss of 
 things;" he enjoyed a sentiment exceedingly, if it abounded in force and effect; it was eminently char- 
 acteristic of him in whatever he undertook, whether in largj enterprises or trifling hom3 decorations, to do 
 the best, to get the best — no madium ground satisfied him. Mr. Matt3S )n was no politician ; no one ever 
 visited his home but felt gratified with his opeu-heartedness aud genial hospitality, and though a man of 
 
922 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 ability and refinement, his delip;ht was in his fields and among his herds, rather than in public life ; he was 
 wholly free from hypocrisy and deceit, and would often own to his friends his failures and shortcomings, 
 both as a man and a Christian ; he was a man with the weaknesses derived from humanity, with the strength 
 that we inherit from the soul. Never in the annals of this portion of our State has a private citizen 
 received so marked a token of respect, for a thousand people were present to show their esteem for the 
 dead ; it was a most befitting tribute, that nearly three hundred carriages followed the remains to the 
 grave, where the world closed forever upon the mortal part of one whom his friends loved and his bitterest 
 enemies respected — a man who never let pass unimproved an opportunity to do a generous and charitable 
 act, and whose faults even "leaned to virtue's side." 
 
 KATHAX W. MOOX. farmer. See. 25; P. 0. Rosendale ; was born in Essex Co., N. Y., 
 in August, 1S27 ; his father, Jesse Moon, was a native of New England; followed milling, blacksmitbing 
 and millwright's trade, and also practiced medicine in Esses Co., N. Y.; his mother, Rebecca Castle, was 
 also born in New England. Nathan W. spent most of his time on a farm in his native county, and, in 
 1850, came to Wisconsin, and settled on a farm on Sec. 25, town of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., in 
 the spring of 1857 ; he now owns 200 acres. March 5, 1855, he was married to Miss Ann, daughter of 
 Michael and Ann Leonard, then living in the town of Eldorado, Pond du Lac Co., but a native of Ire- 
 land ; their children are Emma (now the wife of William T. Reed, and lives in the town of Lamartine), 
 Jesse N., William H., John L. and Carrie M. Mr. Moon was Town Treasurer for two terms and mem- 
 ber of the Town Board for two or three terms. 
 
 (jrEORCJK MURRAY (deceased) was born on Prince Edward's Island in June, 1791. and 
 was the son of William and Margaret 3Iurray ; he spent most of his early life at farming and lumbering, 
 and when ([uite a young man learned the ship-builder's trade, at which he worked during the winters. In 
 1830, he was married to Mrs. Margaret Montgomery, nee Ramsey, a daughter of Malcolm Ramsey, of 
 Prince Edward's Island ; in 1844, they removed to McHenry Co., 111., where he devoted his time to farm- 
 ing for the next ten years ; in November, 1854, he came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and, in the following 
 spring, settled on a farm on Sec. 23, town of Rosendale, where he died in December, 1855, leaving a widow, 
 who died in March, 1875, and eight children — John, now in New Brunswick ; Catharine, now the wife of 
 N. McFarland, and lives on Prince Edward's Island ; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Joseph Spraig, and lives in 
 Minnesota ; Mary A., now the wife of 0. T. Lewis, of Fond du Lac ; Jane, now the wife of H. Scofield, 
 and lives in Minnesota; Margaret, now Mrs. Bushnell Dodd, of this town (Rosendale); Ann, who died in 
 the spring of 1857 ; Theophalus, who married Miss Surrelda, daughter of Benjamin and Caroline Bennett, 
 and lives on the homestead fijrm of 150 acres. They are membei's of the M. E. Church ; his post ofiice is 
 Rosendale. 
 
 JOSHUA PHIL/lilPS (deceased) was born in Cardiganshire, South Wales, in 1799, 
 and was the son of John and Ann Phillips ; he followed farming in his native county, and was married to 
 Margaret Evans about 1820 ; he left his family in Wales, and came to seek a home in America about 1843, 
 stopped first in the State of New York, and, about 1850, came to Wisconsin and settled on a farm of 156 
 acres, ou Sec. 12, town of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; here his fiimily joined him in 1856 ; his 
 wife died on the farm in the summer of 1866, and he in the town of Nekaraa, Winnebago Co., Wis., in 
 September, 1878; their children are Ellen, now the wife of David Price, and lives in the town of Utica, 
 Winnebago Co., Wis.; Ann, now Mrs. Oriel, and lives in Wales ; Sarah, deceased ; Eliza, now Mrs. John 
 Thomas, of Utica, Winnebago Co.; John, who was married to Sarah, daughter of William and Martha 
 Thomas, July 1, 1861; they have six children; Julia (J., now the wife of Samuel R. James; Etta, 
 deieased ; Hattie, deceased ; Josephine Elmer, deceased ; Sidney. Mr. Phillips owns a farm of 200 acres 
 in Sees. 11 and 15, and 156 acres in Sec. 12 ; his brother David now lives in the town of Utica, Winne- 
 bago Co.; his sister Martha, now Mrs. William Price, lives in Utica also. They are connected with the 
 Baptist Church. 
 
 HIRAM QUIMRY, farmer. Sees. 8 and 9 ; P. 0. Pickett's Station ; is a native of Hillsboro 
 Co., N. H.; son of David and Elizabeth (Kitdredge) Quimby, born May 29, 1806; his mother was a 
 descendant of the Kitdredge family of New Hampshire, among whom were many eminent surgeons ; his 
 father was a miller, and with him he worked at the trade much of the time in his native State ; he was, 
 however, connected with a lumbering company there for a time ; in 1850, he left his home in New Hamp- 
 .shire, and came to Wisconsin and settled on a farm on Sees. 8 and 9, town of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., 
 where he now has 130 acres. In 1836, he was married to Miss Louisa, daughter of Benjamin Winslow, 
 of Goffstown, Hillsboro Co , N. H.; their children are Louisa, now the wife of Patrick Rock, and lives 
 in this town (Rosendale) ; Hiram M. and Byron B. 
 
ROSENDALE TOWXSHIP. 923 
 
 WIIjIjIAM B. rase Y, retired farmer, Rosendale ; was born in the town of Peru, Clinton 
 Co., N. Y., Dec. 15, 1801 ; he is the son of John and llachel Rasey ; his father was a native of Rhode 
 Island, but his mother of New York ; he was brought up as a farmer in his native State, and Feb. 26, 
 lS2ti, was married to Nancy, a daughter of Samuel and Olive Hale, of Washington Co., N. Y. ; in the 
 fall of 1847, they, with a family of four children, immigrated to Wisconsin and settled on a farm in the 
 town of Lamartine, where he followed farming till July, 1875 ; disposing of his farm at that time, he 
 removed to the village of Rosendale, where he has since lived a more retired life. Their children are 
 Samuel, who now lives in the town of Rosendale ; Sarah J., now the wife of Leander Knapp, and lives at 
 Island Lake, Lyon Co., Minn. ; Olive H., now the wife of I. W. Bowen, and lives in St. James, 
 Watonwan Co., .Minn. ; Ed Z., lives also in Watonwan Co., Minn. Mr. and Mrs. Rasey are members of 
 the M. E. Church. 
 
 THOMAS ROBERTS (deceased) was born in South Wales Dec. 15, 1815, and was the 
 son of James and Mary Roberts ; he was employed in the iron mines till 1842, and then came to Amer- 
 ica, and was employed in the coal mines at Tallmadge, Ohio, for eight years ; in 1850, he came to the 
 town of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis. ; settled on a farm in Sec. 2, where he followed farming and 
 owned a farm of 200 acres at the time of his death, Feb. 29, 187f5. In November, 1839, he was married 
 to Elizabeth, daughter of James and Elizabeth Stone, also of South Wales ; their children are Rachel, 
 now the wife of Joel Morgan, and lives in Nekama ; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Wm. Jones, of Dakota ; 
 Daniel, now in Utica, Winnebago Co. ; James, of this town (Rosendalej ; Mary and Maggie, at home, 
 and an adopted son, William. Mr. Roberts and family belong to the Congregational Church. 
 
 JAMES W. SANOERS, farmer, Sec. (i ; P. 0. Ripon : is the oldest son of James Sanders, 
 a native of Connecticut, and Anna ( Wildey ) Sanders, a native of New York ; he was born in Cattaraugus 
 Co., N. Y., Sept. 8, 1824, and spent his early life there on a farm ; at the age of 17, he entered upon an 
 apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade in his native county, and afterward followed the trade there till 
 1845, immigrating thence to McHenry Co., 111., where he continued the trade for one year ; in April, 
 1840, he came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and pre-empted a farm of 160 acres on Sec. 6, town of Rosen- 
 dale, built his pioneer shanty thereon, and has since devoted most of his time to agriculture ; his shauty 
 has since been exchanged for a commodioiis home with the improvements of a modern farm residence, and 
 he now has 120 acres of land in that section. His parents removed to Wisconsin in 1850, and settled in 
 Waushara Co., where his mother died June 21, 1862, at the age of 61 years ; his father afterward died 
 in Winnebago Co., Wis., Nov. 10, 1876, at the age of 78 years. Mr. .Sanders has been Chairman of the 
 Town Board of Rosendale for three terms. In October, 1847. he was married to Miss Nancy, daughter 
 of Christopher and Joannah (^Lambert) Grant, and a native of Virginia, but then a resident of this town 
 (Rosendale) ; their children are James C., now living at Brown's Grove, Pawnee Co., Kan. ; Edwin A., 
 who also lives at Brown's Grove, Kan. ; Amelia H., now at home ; Charles H., of Oshkosh, Wis. ; Den- 
 nison F., now at home. Mrs. Sanders is a member of the Seventh Day Advent Church. 
 
 JOSEPH SCRIBIVER, Sr., (deceasedl, was born in Norwalk, Fairfield Co., Conn., Oct. 
 30, 1796 ; his father, P]noch Scribner, was also a native of Norwalk ; born Aug. 29, 1750, and belonged 
 to the long line of Scribners, beginning with Mathew, who settled there as early as 1740; his mother, 
 Betsey Benedict, was also born in that county. Joseph, the subject of this sketch, spent much of his 
 early life on a farm in his native county, as many of his ancestors had done. In 1815, he was married to 
 Sarah, daughter of Jarvis and Mercy Kellogg, nee Sellack, also farmers of Fairfield Co. ; four sons and 
 three daughters composed their family, as follows: William, born in Connecticut, in December, 1815 : 
 married Mary E., daughter of Nathaniel L. and Maria Hill, nee Wakeman, of Fairfield Co., Sept. 25, 
 1839; immigrated to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in the fall of 1849, and settled in the town of Rosendale, 
 where his wife died Jan. 28, 1876, leaving the following children — Mary E., now the wife of T. Cooper 
 Hill, of this village (Rosendale); Julia, now Mrs. Joseph Mabee, and lives in Tarrytown, N. Y. ; William 
 H., who now lives at Russell, Russell Co., Kan. ; John W., of the town of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., 
 Wis. ; Ellen M. ; Charles H. and Eliza R., who are now at home. Feb. 20, 1877, he was married to Miss 
 Maria E., daughter of Adam and Eliza Vandenbergh, a native of New York City, but immigrated to 
 this county, with her mother, in June, 1857. The other members of Mr. Joseph Scribner's family are 
 Martha, now the wife of Dr. Storrs Hall, of this village (Rosendale) ; Enoch, of Eldorado Mills, Fond du 
 Lac Co. ; Joseph, of the town of Springvale ; James K., also of Eldorado Mills ; Harriet, now the wife 
 of John Cooley, and lives in the village of Rosendale. Mr. Scribner removed to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., 
 in 1858, and settled on a flirm on Sec. 34, town of Rosendale, where he died in October, 1868. His 
 wife now lives with her daughter, Mrs. Cooley. 
 
924 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 ELISHA C. STEWART, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Ripon ; was born in Oswe<;o Co, N. Y, 
 in November, 1827 ; wlien quite youm,', lie with parents, John ami .Martha Stewart, removed to Madison, 
 Co, N. Y, and, at tlie au'o of 14, to Mellcnry Co , III. ; four years later (1S4G), with them, immigrated 
 to Fond du Lac Co, Wis, and settled on See. 17, town of Kosendale, where they afterward died, and 
 where he has since reside 1. In November, 1351, he was married to Lucy J, dauirhter of Loren A, and 
 Phebe Rice, early settlers of this town (Rosendale), she died April 29, 1859, leaving three children, as 
 follows — Charles ]i.. now of Ida Co, Iowa; Edward C, also of Ida Co, Iowa; Alice I., who is now at 
 home. In 18(51, he was man led to Miss M. C., daughter of Fredrick and Charlotte Klampee ; they 
 have two children — iMary J. and Wiilington. Mr. Stewart has been Chairman of the Town Board for 
 three terms. IIi:iisclf and wife are members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 JAMES H. SWANEY, farmer. Sec. 9; P. O. West Rosendale; was born in Belknap Co., 
 N. II., Feb. 4, 1829; his parents, John and Nancy Swaney, were also natives of New Hampshire; he 
 spent tlie first seventeen years of his life on a farm in his native county, and then became employed in 
 the spinning department of the cotton works at Lowell, Mass., where he remained twelve years. Nov. 
 17, 1853, ho was married to '.corgiana, daughter of Mark and Eliza L. Bailey, of Lowell, but a native 
 of Ureenficld, N. II. ; in the fall of 1857, they came to the town of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., 
 where he at once began the carpenter's trade, and has continued the same much of the time since ; in the 
 fall of IStio, he bought a farm of eighty acres, on Sec. 9, and removed to it in 181)4, where he ha.s also 
 carried on firming ; they have four children — Georgia E., Mornetta, Katie E. and Willie. Mr. Swaney 
 has been Justice of the {'■ nee for five or six terms. 
 
 JAMES THOMPSON, famcr, Sec. 13; P.O. Rosendale; was born in County Armagh, 
 Ireland, in June, 1818, and is the son of Joseph and Margaret Thompson. At the age of IG, he was 
 apprenticed to the weaver's trade in his native town (Kilcalm) which he continued there three years ; in 
 the .spring ol' 1838, he sailed for America, and landed at Quebec; in June, he settled in Dexter, Jeffer- 
 son Co., N. Y., where his parents afterward joined him and made that their home till their deaths; he 
 soon became employed in the woolen mills of Dexter, and for nine years was overseer of the coloring-room ; 
 in 1848, he bought a small farm near Dexter, and afterward followed farming there till 1856; disposing 
 of his interests there at that time, he immigrated to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on a farm on 
 Sec. 13, town of Rosendale, where he now owns 120 acres. In October, 1845, ho was married to Miss 
 Jane, daughter of James and Bjttie E. (Taylor) MeMullin, natives of County Longford, Ireland, but an 
 immigrant to America in 1839, and settled in Watcrtown, N. Y. ; their children are Jennie, now deceased ; 
 J.s.'ph, deceased; Edmtind J., deceased; Elva L. and George A., now at home with his parents. They 
 are members of the Episcnp.il Church. 
 
 HENRY C. WARD, retired, Rosendale; was born in Rutland Co., Vt., May 3, 1820. His 
 parenis, Lorenzo and Abigail Ward, where also natives of Vermont. He pa.'-sed his early life on a farm 
 ill his native State, and in the spring of 1845, came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and early in May of that 
 year, ho entered the first land in the town of Rosendale, on Sec. 3G, it being the day after Mr. Sanborn, 
 the Hr.^t settler of Rosendale, had made his claim ; living on Sec. 30 one and a half years, he then moved 
 to We>t Rosendale, where he continued farming until 1874; at that time he moved to the city of Ripon, 
 where he has since lived a more roiired life. Jan. 1 7, 1858, he was married to Slinerva, daughter of Lyman 
 and Sally Bradway, a native of Oswego Co., N. Y. ; their children are Lottie, Lucy, Myra and Carrie. 
 They attend the Consreirali uial Cliurch. 
 
 S.4ML'EL L. WHITNEY, farmer. Sec. 10; P. 0. West Rosendale, is a native of Andro- 
 scoggin Co., .Me.; born Nov. 29, 1820, and is the son of Samuel and Lydia (Curate) Whitney. His 
 gra'idfalher, Bjiij.imin Whitney, was a native of England, and with six brothers immigrated to America, 
 and loca'ed at Cape Cod before the French and Indian war, the others afterward were scattered over 
 M issachu>eits, New York and other States, but he settled as a pioneer at Lisbon Falls, Me.; two of his 
 broth-rs, Abrani and Isaac, were soldiers in the Revolution. At New jMeadows, Me., before the close of 
 the French and Indian wir, ho was married to Jlercy Hiiikley, and they had a family of twelve children, 
 the eldest two of whom Were also soldii rs in the Revolution ; the youngest, Samuel, and the father of 
 Samuel L., was born at LisUon in 1774; followed lumbering and farming for a livelihood, and was mar- 
 ried to Lydia Curate in 1801, the second daughter of Stephen Curate, who came from France to Boston, 
 Ma'^s , as early as 1771, and m irried Martha Hern in 1774; they had three children — of whom Lydia, 
 the second, was born in 1770; Samuel, with his wife, settled at Lisbon, Me., where they raised a family 
 of seven children, and afterward died there; Samuel L., the youngest of the family and subject of this 
 sketch, was brought up at farming and lumbering. Was married to Sarah, daughter of Daniel and 
 Eunice (Tarrj Clark, of Lewiston, Me., Jan. G, 1840 ; they came to Fond du Lae Co, Wis., in 1849, and 
 
Sl'RlNCVALE TOWNSHIP. 925 
 
 in 1851 settled on a farm on See. 16, town of llosendale, which has since been his home ; from 1849 to 
 1856 he was interested with M. S. Sanborn in lumbering in Outagamie Co. ; since that time, lie has been 
 farming, and he now has a farm of 300 acres in Sec. 16, and forty acres in Sec. 9. Mr. Whitney has 
 been a member of the Town Board two terms, and was Assessor of the town one term'; their rhildren are 
 Harriet, wife of Gilbert P. Wilson, of Ripon ; Samuel, who owns a farm of 120 acres in this town (Rosen- 
 dale) on Sec. 16; Ellen J., now home with her parents; Jlercy, now ]Mrs. Frank Burgess, of Sedgwick 
 Co., Kan. ; John, at home ; Florence, who died at the age of 3 years and 6 months. 
 
 FRED ZINZOW, farmer. Sec. 18; P. O. Ripon ; was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, Nov. 
 2, 183-t, and is the son of Charles Zinzow ; he came to America in July, 1866 ; he lived for the first five 
 years in the town of Metomen, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and then removed to the town of Trenton, Dodge 
 Co., Wis., for three years ; he then returned to Fond du Lac Co., and settled in the town of Alto ; in the 
 fall of 1875, he bought his present farm of 80 acres, in Sec. 18, town of Rosendale. In the fall of 1866, 
 be was married to Miss Fredreka, daughter of Adolph and Erncstina Dornbrack, then residents of the 
 town of Metomen, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; their children are Fred, Augusta, Frank and Ida. ]\Ir. and 
 Mrs. Zinzow are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 SPRINCVALE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ADAII ACKER, farmer, Sec. 27 ; P. O. Ladoga; is a native of Athens Co., Ohio, where he 
 was born January 12, 1821 ; he is the son of John and Elizabeth Acker; in 1847, he immigrated to 
 Michigan, where he followed farm laboring for fourteen years ; thence to Clark Co., 111., for five years; in 
 
 1866, he came to the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where he has since lived. July 7, 
 
 1867, he married Miss Sarah, daugjiter of Fllder William and Mary West, nee Smith, immigrants (rem 
 Broome Co., N. Y., in the fall of 1847 to this town (Springvale), where her father was the first Close- 
 Communion Baptist minister ; her father died here in 1872; her mother, in 1809. They have three 
 children — Charles, Rosa and Ruble M. They are members of the Congregational Church. 
 
 WIIiLiIAJl J. BARIVES, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. O. Ro.=endale ; was born in Steuben Co., 
 N. Y., in March, 1837 ; his parents, Samuel K. Barnes and Salome Torrence, were natives of Yates Co., 
 N. Y., but later settled in Steuben Co., where they lived on a farm till 1853 ; then with their family they 
 immigrated to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on a farm in the town of Forest, where Mr. Barnes 
 died in 1858. William J., the subject of this sketch, enlisted in Co. H, 14th W. V. I., in 1865; was 
 with his regiment in all its battles and movements till mustered out at Mobile, Oct. 8, 1865; his brother, 
 Milton K., enlisted in the same company in 1861, was with tbe regiment till the battle of Chico, there was 
 taken sick, brought home and died in July, 1862; Austin T., another brother, was in Co. I, 5th W. V. I., 
 and was killed at Fredericksburg, in April, 1863. After being mustered out of service, William returned 
 to Forest, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and continued farming there till 1868, when he bought a farm of 85 
 acres, 65 of which are in Sec. 1, town of Springvale, and 20 in Sec. 30, town of Rosendale, which has 
 since been his home. In'June, 1804, he was married to Miss Fidelia M., daughter of George and 
 Sarah Chase, then of Forest, but a native of the State of New York ; they have three children — Anna 
 M., Minnie B. and Percy L. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Barnes was 
 Town Superintendent of Schools in Forest two years ; Clerk three years, and Chairman of the Town 
 Board one year. 
 
 HERMAN C. BRIXKERHOFF, farmer. Sec. 29 ; P. O. Brandon ; was born in Seneca 
 Co., N. Y., May 16, 1815, and i.s the eighth son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Stout) Brinkerhoif ; in June. 
 1847, he came to Wisconsin; entered a farm of 160 acres in Sec. 29, town of Springvale, Fond du Lac 
 Co., which has since been his home ; he was School Superintendent of the town one term, and was member of 
 the Town Board for two or three terms. In June, 1848, he was married to Miss Clarissa, a daughter of 
 Samuel and Chloe Cheeney, a native of Vermont. They have one son — Francis, who, in the spring of 
 1874, married Miss Jane, daughter of Hinkley and Mary Grennell, then living in the town of Waupun ; 
 they have two c'lildren — Francis H. and Edith E. 
 
 WILLIAM A. CHESfEY, retired farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Brandon ; was born in Rut- 
 land Co., Vt., Dec. 31, 1806; son of Samuel Cheney and Chloe Manley, natives of Connecticut; his 
 grandfather, Benjamin Cheney, was also a native of Connecticut. William A. spent much of his early 
 life on a farm, and, at the age of 18, began teaching music, which he continued in his native county lor 
 
926 BIOGRAPHICAL SIvETCHES: 
 
 ten years. Feb. 14, 1834, he was married to Miss Sophrona, daughter of Abram and Louisa Ressequie, 
 nee Robinson, and a native of Hubbardton, Rutland Co., Vt. May 26, 1836, Mr. and Mrs. Cheney 
 started for Wisconsin and reached Chicago in June following; they settled in the town of Waterford, 
 Racine Co., Wis.; in March, 1845, Mr. Cheney, with his brother, came to Fond du Lao Co. and selected 
 their homes; he entered 160 acres in Sec. 33, town of Springvale, and built his pioneer house, which is yet 
 standing; Nov. 3, 1845, his fomily arrived, and was the first to settle in the town, and have since made 
 their home on the first selected farm. ' Their children are Jerome B., married and lives at Berlin, Wis;, 
 Mary E., now the wife of Austin Taylor, and lives in this town (Springvale); S. Elizabeth, now Mrs. 
 Cyrenus Hall, and lives in Walworth Co., Wis.; John R., married and lives on the homestead ; Sarah J., 
 now the wife of A. P. Fowler, and lives in Iowa; Charles B., married and lives in Berlin, and Chloe L., 
 who lives at home with her parent.s. Mr. and Mrs. Cheney are members of the M. E. Church. 
 
 EDWARD CURTIS (deceased) was born in the State of New York March 18, 1808, and 
 spent the first twenty-five years of his life with his parents on a farm. In 1837, he was married to Miss 
 Eveline, daughter of John Eaton, who was born in Now York in 1811. In 1848, they, with a family 
 of five children, immigrated to Wisconsin, and settled on a farm of 160 acres in Sec. 13, town of Spring- 
 vale, where he f )llowed farming till his death Feb. 5, 1877 ; his widow now lives in the village of Rosen- 
 dale. Their children are (lynthia M., now the wife of John Gilchrist, of Madison. Lake Co., Dak.; John K., 
 who now lives in Steele Co., Minn.; George, deceased ; David, of Steele Co., Minn.; Vincent, who, Dec. 
 17, 1872, married Miss Hattie A., daughter of Stephen and Harriet Crossman, of this town, Springvale 
 (they have two children — Frank and Mary H., and now live on the homestead ; he now owns a farm of 
 160 acres in Sec. 24, town of Springvale); Mary E., who is now the wife of N. Nickerson, of Seward Co., 
 Kan.; Phebe A., now Mrs. Horatio Elliott, of the town of Rosendale. 
 
 JOH1V DUFFY% former. Sec. 17; P. O. Brandon; born in Canada East July 29, 1844; son 
 of Martin and Ann (McDonough) Dufly, natives of Ireland, but who immigrated to Canada in 1838, and 
 came to Watertown, Wis., in 1846, where they now reside; John made his home there until 1862; he 
 then came to the town of Springvale, Fond du Luc Co.; in 1866, he purchased his present farm of 120 
 acres; he has since bought eighty acres in Sec. 20. Feb. 18, 1868, he married Ellen, daughter of Patrick 
 and Margaret Moran, then residing in the town of Clyman, Dodge Co., Wis.; they have six children 
 living — James P., Margaret J., Ellen, Thomas H., Ann M., John F. and Martin J.; they lost one son. 
 Mr. Duffy and wife are members of St. Mary's Catholic Church. 
 
 DANIEL FENELON (deceased), was born in the County Carlow, Ireland, March 5, 1841, 
 and was the fourth son of John and Margaret (Byrne) Fenelon, with whom he came to America in 1850, 
 and settled in the town of Springvale, Wis., where he resided with his parents until 1863. Married, Jan. 
 4, 1863, to Mary, daughter of John and Ann (Burns) Gough, of the city of Fond du Lac ; she was born 
 in County Wicklow, Ireland; he settled on a farm in Sec. 16, after his marriage, and resided there until 
 his death, Sept. 8, 1871 ; his widow and three sons now reside on the farm; the sons are John H., 
 William J. and Daniel. They are members of the Catholic Church. 
 
 CirEORGE <jrEE, farmer, Sees. 32 and 33; P. 0. Brandon; son of Jonathan Gee and Lorany 
 Blue; born in the town of Virgil, Cortland Co., N. Y., July 10, 1816; his grandparents, Daniel and 
 Mary Blue, were natives of Mercer Co., N. J., but removed to the town of Dryden, Tompkins Co., N. Y., 
 in 1802; his grandfather wis apprenticed to the cabinet-maker's trade in Princeton, N. J., at the age of 
 14, at which he served seven years' apprenticeship; he followed his trade much of the time in New York, 
 though for the first few years after his settlement there, he worked at the millwright trade, and built the 
 second mill in Tompkins Co., at Fall Creek ; later, he removed to Ohio, where he eontiaued the caoinet- 
 maker's trade for nearly twenty ye^rs, and, in 1853, hi; returned to Tompkins Co., where he died the 
 following year. Jonithan, the fathjr of our present subject, was the son of John Gej, who, at the ago of 
 14, was apprenticed to the weaver's trade in the Mohawk Valley, N. Y., during the Revolutionary war ; 
 the Tories of that vicinity often met at the weaver's shop, and laid plans for the capture of Washington 
 and his army ; this lad's patriotism prompted him to carry the news to the General's camp ; he did so, and 
 was kept as an aid-boy by Washington until one day, when the officers were mustering some recruits in 
 service, he formed in the ranks, stood on tiptoe, and was mustered in with them ; he served seven years 
 as a .soldier, his last siege being at the surrender of Cornwallis ; after the close of the war, he was married 
 to Mary Hutchiugs, and settled in the Wyoming Valley, N. Y., where Jonathan was born, Feb. 15, 1792 ; 
 in 1797, they removed to Tompkins Co., N. Y., and settled in the town of Virgil; here they raised a 
 family of fifteen children, whose descendants are now scattered over many States; Jonathan was married 
 to Miss Loraney Blue in 1812 or 1813, and was the father of thirteen children, nine of whom grew to 
 manhood and womanhood. George was the second son, and early learned the stonecutter's trade in his 
 
> 
 
 SPRINGVALE TOWKSHIP. 927 
 
 native county ; in May, 1847, he came to Wisconsin, and settled in the town of Springvale, where he now 
 has a farm of eighty-seven acres in Sees. 32 and 33 ; he also owns 120 acres in the town of Belmont, 
 Portage Co., Wis., and has a liouse and marble-shop at Stevens Point ; he, with his cousin, started the 
 :first marble-works at Waupun, Fond du Lac Co. March 1, 1836, he was married to Miss Lydia, a 
 daughter of Rev. Caleb and Phebe Whiting, of Cortland Co., N. Y., who died at her home in Springvale, 
 Nov. 5, 1866. Their children were Thaddeus Adelbert, who was killed in South Carolina, Feb. 3, 1865 ; 
 Hiram E., who died when 6 months old ; Emma E., now the wife of J. H. Ward, and lives in Fillmore Co., 
 Neb.: Geo. E., who died in Springvale when 6 months old ; Ella R., deceased ; Billington W., married Ella, 
 daughter of Wm. and Mary Huff, dying April 6, 1877 — he was again married, to Minnie, daughter of Elijah 
 and Albina P. Hersoy, of Dayton, Waupaca Co., Wis., July 20, 1879, and they now live in Springvale; 
 Florence R., now the wife of Oliver N. Lewis, of Dayton, Waupaca Co., Wis. 
 
 T. K.€rIl.IiETT, farmer. Sec. 14 ; P.O.Rosendale; isa son of E.J. Gillett,D.D., and Amanda 
 Smith ; his father was a native of New York, his mother of Massachusetts ; his father was a Presbyterian min- 
 ister in New,York, but is now a Professor in Parsons College, in Ljwa. T. K. was born in Chautauqua Co., N. 
 Y., in October, 1835 ; is the youngest of five children, all of whom came to Wisconsin ; he, with one sister, 
 Mrs. Judge McLean, of the city of Fond du Lac, resides in this county ; he was educated in the common 
 schools of New York, and, in 1849, he made bis first visit to Fond du Lao Co., Wis., but returned to his 
 home in York State after a six months' stay; in February, 1854, he came a second time to Fond du Lac 
 Co., and settled on his father's farm in Sec. 35, town of Fond du Lac, where he followed farming for 
 thirteen years; in 1867, he purchased a farm in Sec. 14, town of Springvale, which has since been his 
 home; he was elected Chairman of the Town Board in 1873, was re-elected in 1874, 1877 and 1879 ; 
 was nominated for the State Senate in the fall of 1879. Dec. 25, 1859, he was married to Miss Lydia, 
 daughter of Jeremiah and Sylva Cowden, of Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; her mother dying when she was 
 2 days old, she was raised by her grandmother, till she died, and then by distant relatives ; they have had 
 two sons — Alfred E. (deceased), and Willis J. 
 
 DAJflE.L, €}REE]VE, former, Sec. 9; P. 0. Brandon ; was born in Ireland in 1817 ; son of 
 John and Bridget Greene. About the year 1840, he was married to Eliza, daughter of Thomas and Mary 
 Carey ; she was born in Ireland ; came to America in 1850, and settled on a farm in Sec. 8 ; afterward 
 removed to his present location, owning his original farm of 80 acres and also 80 acres in Sec 9, where 
 he now resides ; they have had eight children ; the living are — ^Maria (now Mrs. Wm. Culbertson, of Wine- 
 conne. Wis.); Thomas, Elizabeth, Susan and Daniel ; the last four reside at home with their parents ; lost 
 one son and a daughter — Bridget and John. Mr. Greene and his family are members of St. Mary's 
 Catholic Church, in th'.s town. 
 
 WIIjIjIAML HARHER, farmer, Sec. 24; P. 0. Rosendale ; was born in the county of 
 Sussex, England, in June, 1811, and is the son of Samuel Harmer and Phebe Carey, both of whom died 
 in England ; he learned and followed the business of a thatcher, in his native county. June, 1836, he 
 married Miss Hannah, daughter of Richard and Sarah Mitchell, nee Upton, of Sussex, England ; with a 
 a familyofeight children, in 1848, he immigrated to America, and settled in Springvale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., 
 which has since been his home, where he now has 40 acres in Sec. 24, having sold off much of his land ; 
 the children are as follows: William, of Springvale: Charles, of Jackson Co., Wis.; Joseph (deceased) ; 
 Mary (now Mrs. James Dooley, of Dole's Corners) ; Harriet (now Mrs. Dewell, of Jackson Co., Wis.) ; 
 Sarah (now Mrs. Charles Perry, of Minnesota) ; Peter, of Jackson Co., Wis.; Mrs. Harmer died at her 
 home in 1858. In 1861, he married Mrs. Frances Davis, of Fond du Lac, a native of England, who died 
 just ten years after her marriage. 
 
 JAME!>$ T. HART, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Eldorado Mills; is a native of Westchester Co., 
 N. Y.; born Nov. 15, 1811 ; is the son of Elijah and Mariah Hart, who were also natives of Westchester 
 Co.; he devoted his time to farming in his native county until 1858. In 1833, he was married to Eliza- 
 beth P., daughter of Henry and Rachel Storms, also native of Westchester Co., but of Holland descent; 
 in the spring of 1858, with his family — a wife and six children, he emigrated to Wiscon.sin, and .settled 
 on a farm on Sec. 1, town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co.; ho now owns a farm of 200 acres, 120 of 
 •which is on Sec. 1, Springvale; 40, in Sec. 8, town of Lamartine, and also a timber lot of 40 acres in 
 West Town ; their children are Emma, now wife of Isaac B. Lovett, of Westchester Co., N. Y.; Elijah, 
 on farm with his lather; Almyra, now wife of William S. Ball, of Springvale ; Norman T., of this town ; 
 Fannie, wife of Richard Grove, of Springvale ; Anna, at home. His oldest daughter is a member of the 
 Dutch Reform Church; the other members of the family are Tom Paineites. 
 
 THE HAZEX FAlIIliY. Among the first settlers of Springvale, were the nine Hazen 
 brothers; son-^ of John and Polly ( Blodgett) Hazen, who were natives of Massachusetts, but early immi- 
 grants to Lewis Co., N. Y., where these sons were born ; their father dying in 1838, eight of the brothers 
 
928 BIOGBAPiriCAL SKETCHES: 
 
 with their mother came to Wisconsin in July, 1844, and settled in the town of Oakfield, Fond du Lac 
 Co., and later in the town of Springvale ; they wore Sewell V., now living at Winona, Minn., to which place 
 he removed in 1S61 ; Calvin, now a citizen of this town — Springvale; Aloczo, now a resident of Eau 
 Claire Co.. Wis ; James, who was perhaps the first physician in the town of Springvale, and who soon 
 after settled in Milwaukee, but was forced on account of ill health to give up his professional work (he 
 died in the city of Fond du Lac, Aug. 13, 1853, leaving a daughter, Nettie, who afterward, with her 
 mother and stepfather, removed to Wyoming, and there was drawn as one of the first twelve lady jurists 
 in the United States ) ; Lorenzo, who preceded the rest of the family in the town of Oakfield a year ( he was 
 a member of the Wisconsin Constitutional Convention ; he afterward removed to the city of Fond du Lac, 
 thence to the city of Ripon and, finally, to Owatonna, Steele Co. Minn., where he is now County Judge); 
 John, now a citizen of Springvale; Sanford, now a resident of Ripon, Wis.; Chester, who was the second 
 settler of this town — Springvale ; Loren E.. who returned to New York, and is now a resident of the town of 
 Copenhatjen, Lewis Co. Tlieir mother died at her son Calvin's home in Springvale in June, 185(i. 
 
 CHESTER HAZEK, resides on the southeast quarter of Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Ladoga, Fond du 
 Lac Co., Wis.; proprietor of Ladoga, Brandon & Grand Prairie cheese factories, and breeder of pure- 
 blooded Ayrshiros ; he was born on the 31st of January, 1824, in Copenhagen. Lewis Co., N. Y.; his 
 ancestry are of English origin, and came from England about the middle of the seventeenth century, and 
 settled in Massachusetts, where his great-great-grandfather, Edward Hazen, was born Sept. 10, 16()0; 
 his son Benjamin was born in Rowley, Mass., on the 19th day of February, 1694: and his son Edward was 
 born at Groton, Mass., May 2, 1737; and his son, John Hazen, was the father of the subject of this sketch, 
 and was born at Swanzey, N. H., on the 17th of BLarch, 1786, and died Nov. 22, 1838 ; his wife's maiden 
 name — the mother of Chester — was Polly Blodgett. Eight brothers, including Chester, came West, and 
 landed at Milwaukee on the 2d of July, 1844, and immediately thereafter settled in Fond du Lac Co.; 
 another brother, Lorenzo, had preceded the family, and settled in Oakfield in the fall of 1843 ; Chester 
 settled first in the township of Oakfield, but sold his claim in the spring of 1845, and bought the fiirm 
 where he now resides ; has a home farm of 240 acres, 80 of which is meadow ; ho has also a farm of 200 
 acres in the township of Green Lake, county of Green Lake, where iiis Grand Prairie Cheese Factory is 
 located; he a'so owns an improved farm of 320 acres in Cerro Gordo Co., Iowa. He was married, June 
 8, 1854, to Miss Jennie Atwood, formerly of Vermont ; he has had two children — Delia M., who was born 
 Oct. 12, 1855, and Bertie, born Oct. 24, 1859, died Aug. 25, 1862. Delia was married on the 2d of 
 September, 1879, to William Griffith, of Metomen, Pond du Lac Co., Wis. Of the nine Hazen brothers 
 who began Western life in this county, four still live in Fond du Lac Co., namely : Chester, Sewell. John 
 and Sanford ; one, a physician, James, died in August, 1853 ; Calvin lives in Winona, Minn., and Lorenzo 
 is County Judge of Steele Co., Minn., and .\lonzo is in Eau Claire Co., Wis., and Loren E. is a physician 
 in his native place, Copenhagen, N. Y. The nine brothers have an aggregate of twenty-six children, and 
 forty-five grandchildren. In early life, Chester learned the trade of molder, and worked at the same for 
 ten years, but his life-work has been farmiug; he commenced dairying on his Springvale farm in 1850, and 
 that, together with stock-raising, continues to be his business or profession. In 1864, he built and ran 
 the first cheese factory in Wisconsin, and it for eight years was the largest factory in the State. In 1870, 
 ho shipped the first car load of cheese that was ever sent to the New York market, by the manufacturer, from 
 Wisconsin. The " Fond du Lac County Dairymen's Association " was organized in 1869, and was the first 
 association of the kind in the State. Mr. Hazen was its first President. The " Wisconsin State Dairy- 
 men's Association " was organized in 1871, with Chester Hazen as President, and he was twice re-elected 
 to the same position. He has been actively intere.sted in agricultural enterprises, having been an official ten 
 years in the Fond du Lac County Agricultural Society, and also for six years in the "Northern Wisconsin 
 Agricultural and Mechanical Association, and also four years in the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society. 
 He is President of an a.ssociation which is running a "co-operative store " at Brandon, Fond du Lac Co. 
 Mr. Hazen is emphatically the pioneer dairvman of Wisconsin ; he milks eighty cows this season — 1880. 
 He has been practically interested for fully thirty years in securing the best dairy stock, and finally decided to 
 try the Ayrshire, and, in March, 1873, he bought ten pure-blood Ayrshires, and, since that date, he has 
 made a specialty of breeding that stock. He lias now sixty head of Ayrshires, and, everything considered, 
 he believes them to combine more good qualities for general purposes than any other breed on the conti- 
 nent. He has been a reliable Republican ever .since the organization of the party. He is liberal in his 
 religious views, and is a member of the First Universalist vSociety of Fond du Lac Co. The social quali- 
 ties and personal characteristics of this enthusiastic dairyman are too well known to need description in 
 Wisconsin history. 
 
 CAIiVlM HAZEN, fiirmer, Sees. 35 and 36 ; P. 0. Ladoga ; is the son of John and Polly 
 Hazen, nee IBlodgett, born in Lewis Co., N. Y., in October, 1811 ; he spent much of his early life on a 
 
SPRINGVALE TOAVNSHir. 929 
 
 farm in his native county. In June, 1838, he was married to Miss Pauline, daughter of Isaac and Pcr>us 
 Brewer, natives of Lewis Co., also ; they with a daughter, Irene, and his mother's family, immigrated to 
 Wisconsin in 1844, and arrived in Milwaukee July 2 of that year. Their first settlement was in the town 
 of Oakfioid, Fond du Lac Co., near the place where the village is now located; two years later he pre- 
 empted 160 acres in Sec. 36, town of Springvale, but through a mistake could only hold eighty acres of 
 it; he removed to Springvale at that time and has since made it his home ; he now has a liirm of 191 
 acres, forty acres of which is in Sec. 12, town of Waupun, the rest in Sees. 35 and 3G, Springvale. Here 
 his wife died in December, 1851, leaving three children — Irene (now the wife of H. Finch, of Steele Co., 
 Minn.), Jane (now Mrs. George Ballard, of Dodge Co., Minn), and Edgar, of Cottonwood Co., Minn. In 
 December, 1855, he was married to Miss Meribah, daughter of Russell and Nancy Brown, a native of New 
 York, but an immigrant to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in 1848; their children are Jason (deceased), Fred C, 
 Hattie L. and Spener R. 
 
 JOHN HAZEN, farmer, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Ladoga; is the sixth of the nine sons of John and 
 Polly liazeu ; he was born in the town of Denmark, Lewis Co., N. Y., Feb. 19, 1819 ; he spent his early 
 life with his parents on a firm in his native county, and early acquired the habits of industry and economy 
 which have characterized his life; in the summer of 1844, he, with his wife, mother and seven brothers, 
 immigrants to Wisconsin, and settled in the town of OakBeld ; in March, 1846, he removed to a farm in 
 Sec. 34, town of Springvale, where he has since lived, and now has 191 acres. In JeflFerson Co., N. Y., 
 Oct. 4, 1843, ho was married to Miss Melissa, daughter of John W. and Anna Moore, nee Townsend, who 
 came to Wisconsin in 1846, and settled in the town of Springvale, where her mother died June 22, 1860, 
 and her fither Aug. 2, 1878, leaving eight children, four of whom now live in Fond du Lac Co.; Mr. and 
 Mrs. Ilazen have two children — Anna A. (now Mrs. B. C. Sherwin, of Springvale), and H. Sidney, who 
 was the first child born in this town, Sept. 7, 1847. 
 
 CHARLES C. liIIVDSI.EY, farmer, Sec. 12; P. O. Rosendale; was born in Madison Co. 
 N. Y., in March, 1823, and son of Eben and Thankful (Parker) Lindsley, natives of Connecticut, but 
 immigrants to New York in 1810, where our present subject was born; he spent his early life on a 
 farm in liis native county ; in 1846, he came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; spent a few weeks in the town of 
 Byron; then returned to Madison Co., New York, where, Jan. 19, 1847, he was married to Miss Olive 
 M., daughter of Solomon and Olive (Thair) Taylor, and in May following came again to Fond du Lac Co., 
 Wis., and settled on Sec. 27 ; built, perhaps, the fourth frame house in that town ; five years later, he 
 removed to Sec. 10 of that town ; in 1870, they removed to the city of Fond du Lac, where he was deal- 
 ing in real estate for four years ; in 1874, he bought a farm of 120 acres in Sec. 12, town of Springvale, 
 and ten acres in the town of Lamartine, and has since followed farming; their children are Addison S., of 
 Fond du Lac ; Newton E., Louis M., Vina 0. (now the wife of J. H. Scribner, of this town). Flora A., 
 Charles W. and Lillie B. Mr. and Mrs. Lindsley are members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 ALFRED MARCH ANT, farmer. Sec. 4; P. 0. Ro.sendale; was born in the county of 
 Kent, England, JLirch 2, 1830 ; his father, James Marohant, and his mother, Mary A. Skinner, were also 
 natives of that county; in 1834, with his parents he immigrated to America and settled in the town of 
 Rome, Oneida Co., N. Y.; four years later, they removed to the town of Annsville, Oneida Co.; in 1847,. 
 with his father and sister, he came to Wisconsin and settled in the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co., 
 where his mother and other* members of the family afterward joined them; in 1861, he bought a farm 
 of eighty acres on Sec. 4, town of Springvale, which has since been his home. In August, 1858, he 
 was married to Miss Fannie, daughter of Michael and Mary A. Mouran, natives of Ireland, but immi- 
 grants to Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in 1854 ; they had two children— George and Otis G., both 
 of whom are deceased. 
 
 SAMUEL W. MARSH, retired, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Rosendale; was born in the town of Rochester. 
 Windsor Co., Vt., Sept. 7, 1801 ; when 3 years old, with his parents, Joseph C. and Susanna Marsh, he 
 removed to Clinton Co., N. Y., where he spent his life on a farm till 1838. In 1825, he was married to 
 Temperance, a daughter of Byron and Temperance Havans, of Clinton Co., N. Y., with whom, in 1838, 
 he removed to La Salle Co., 111.; three years later, they removed to Raeine Co., Wis., and, in 1846, to the 
 town of Metomen, where they settled on a farm and made that their home till 1868; he then bought a 
 farm of 120 acres in Sec. 2, in the town of Springvale, where he has .since lived ; they have four children 
 — Isaac H. (now a practicing physician of Neillsvillc, Clark Co., Wis.), Gurden (now a carpenter and 
 joiner of the city of Fond du Lac), Canfield (who now owns the farm on which he and his father lives), 
 Caroline (now the wife of M. D. Buell, and lives in Humburd, Clark Co., Wis. ) He was Assessor of the 
 town of Metomen one year. Mr. and Mrs. Marsh are members of the M. E. Church. 
 
930 BIOGRAPHICAL .SKETCHES: 
 
 JOHN W. MOORE (deceased) was born in New Hampshire, March 24, 1797, and was the 
 Bon of Theodosius and Hannah Wilson Moore, with whom he removed to Lewis Co., N. Y., when about 
 10 years old. In 1818, ho was married to Miss Anna, daughter of Jonathan and Orange (Fox) Town- 
 seud, of Watertown, Jefferson Co., N. Y., with whom he immigrated to Fond du Lac Co. in 1845; their 
 chddren are Malissa (now the wife of John Hazen, of this town), Mary (now Mrs. Lorenzo Hazen, and 
 lives in Ripon), Martha (now the wife of David Lawrence, and lives in the town of Utica, Winnebago 
 Co., Wis.), Maria (the late Mrs. Abijah Hubbard, now deceased), Marion H. (now Mrs. Bush, and lives 
 on a farm of eighty acres in Sec. 30, in this town ; she has two sons — William E. and John C. ), John 
 M. (now of Beloit, Kan.), Theodooia (now Mrs. Oscar Willard, of the town of Oaktield, Fond du Lac 
 Co.), Augusta (now Mrs. Alonzo Lockwood, aud lives in the town of Metomen), George (now in Fond 
 du Lac City). 
 
 €i}EORGE MONTGOMERY, farmer, Sees. 23 and 24; P. 0. Rosendale ; is the only son 
 of George Montgomery, Sr., and Margaret Ramsey; was born on Prince Edward's Island Feb. 24, 182() ; 
 his father died before he was born, but his mother afterward married again, and with her and his step- 
 father in 1845, he immigrated to De Kalb County, and later, to McHenry Co., Ill; in November, 1847, 
 he came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on Sec. 14, town of Springvale, where he lived till 1871 ; 
 he then traded for 200 acres in Sees. 23 and 24, in the town of Springvale, which has since been his 
 home. In July, 1852, he was married to Miss Mary A., daughter of George and Ann Gould, natives of 
 Staffordshire, England, but immigrants to Wisconsin in 1850; their children are as follows: Eliza A.; 
 Susannah, now Mrs. Elijah Griffith, of Rosendale, Wis.; James D., George D., William D., Fred D., Ida 
 M., Sophia A., Abbie, Mabel D. and Martha M. Mrs. Slontgomery is a member of the Congregational 
 Church. 
 
 JOHN NEST, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Brandon; was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, in Jan- 
 uary, 1845; his father died when he was only 3 years old, but his mother was long spared him; in 1857, 
 they immigrated to America and settled on a farm of eighty acres, in Sec. 28, town of Springvale, Fond 
 du Lac Co., Wis., where his mother afterward died. In 1860, he was married to Fredreka Springbaurn, 
 of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; their children are Ellen, Charles, Martha, Emma, Bertha, Eddie 
 and Alvina. Mr. and Mrs. Nest are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 THEODORE O'CONNOR, deceased ; was a native of Herkimer Co., N. Y.; born in 1810, 
 and was the son of Timothy and Lucy O'Connor; when quite young, with his parents, he removed to 
 Jefferson Co., N. Y., where his father and mother died. In 1832, he was married in Jefferson Co., to 
 Eunice, daughter of Joseph and Milly Dickey; she was born in that county; in June, 1854, with a family 
 of six children, they came to Wisconsin and located on a fiirm in the town of Metomen, Pond du Lac Co.; 
 seven years later he removed to the town of Rosendale, where he continued farming until 1808; he then 
 purchased a farm on Sec. 10, in Springvale, where he resided until the time of his death, which occurred 
 in November, 1874; the surviving children are as follows: William L., who came to Wisconsin in 1857 
 (he was elected County Superintendent of schools in 1871, re-elected in 1873 and 1875; has taught in the 
 schools of the county since 1804; he married Alice Bishop, of Rock Co., Wis., April 26, 1879); Lucy, 
 now Mrs. Robert Jeukinson, of Brandon, Wis.; Timothy, a farmer residing in Dodge Co., Minn.; Benjamin F., 
 a farmer of Springvale, Wis.; George B., residing with his mother in this town; Ettie, now Mrs. Wallace 
 Porter, also residing with her mother; the second son, Joseph, died in September, 1874. 
 
 EDWARD B. PARSONS, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. O. Rosendale ; is the son of Samuel B. and 
 Mary Parsons, natives of Connecticut, but immigrants to Jefferson Co., N. Y., where Edward B. was 
 born July 6, 1831 ; in 1834, his parents removed to Buffiilo, N. Y., where his father was engaged in the 
 grocery business for four years ; in July, 1838, they removed to Chicago, 111, where his father was pro- 
 prietor of a hotel for three years : in 1841, they removed to Milwaukee and continued the hotel business 
 for about nine months; thence to Belleville, Wis., for one year ; from there they went to Summit, Wau- 
 kesha Co., and continued the .same busines.s for a while, and then devoted his time to farming in 
 that county till the spring of 1845, whence, with ox teams, they came as immigrants to the town 
 of Springvale, Fond du Lao Co., and settled on Sec. 2, where they afterward died — father, July 
 21, 1864, mother, in June, 1871, leaving one daughter and four sons — Mary E., the widow of the late 
 T. G. Burgess, deceased ; Samuel H., who now lives in Phillips Co., Kan.; Henry F., now in Sacramento, 
 Cal. ; Edward B., who now lives on the homestead, and owns 330 acres of land in Sees. 1 and 2 of 
 Springvale, and Sec. 14, Rosendale, and in Sec. 10, Lamartine, also has 80 acres in St. Croix Co., Wis. 
 He has been a member of the Town Board, and has also been Town Treasurer. June 8, 1862, he was 
 married to Caroline, daughter of Benjamin and xlrabella Paddock, early settlers of Neenah, Wis. ; their 
 children are Guy S., Elva M., Georgie. His wife is a member of the Congregational Church. 
 
SPRINGVALK TOWNSHIP. 931 
 
 CHARL.E!!$ R. PEXNKY, farmer, Sec. 15; P. 0. Rosendale ; was born March 10, 1820, 
 in Jefferson Co., X. Y. ; son of Eli and Polly Minor Penney ; came to Wisconsin in the spring of 1861, 
 and settled on his present ftirm of 120 acres. Has been Town Assessor for five years. Oct. 15, 1855, 
 he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Phillip and Catharine (Drummond) Blanchard ; she was born 
 in Jefferson Co., N. Y. ; they had two children — Clement M. and George E., both deceased. 
 
 WILLIAM PI\CH, farmer,. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. West Rosendale ; is a native of the county 
 of Cornwall, England ; born in December, 1815 ; he is the son of John and Mary Pinch, who were also 
 natives of County Cornwall ; when 12 years old, he began the malting business, which he followed in 
 England till 24 years of age. In 1840, he was married to Miss Jane, daughter of William and Elizabeth 
 Hamley, and afterward superintended a farm for a minister of the Church of England for one and one- 
 half years ; after the death of the minister, in 1842, he took charge of a farm for Capt. Collins, K. N., 
 for four years, after which he followed the butcher's trade in England till 1852; they came thence to 
 America, and arrived at the village of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., June 28, 1852 ; he lived in 
 the town of Rosendale till the spring of 1854, when he bought a farm of eighty acres in Sec. 4, town of 
 Springvale, which has since been his home ; he now also owns eighty acres in Sec. 8 of this town, Their 
 children are Alfred, who lives in this town ; George W., of Springvale ; Neomi E., now at home ; John 
 W., now a Congregational minister at Escanaba, Mich. ; Pearce, now in Massachusetts ; Mary J., at 
 home. Mr. and Mrs. Pinch are members of the Congregational Church. He has been a member of the 
 Town Board for one term. 
 
 FOSDIC C. PROUTY, farmer, Sees. 10 and 15 ; P. 0. Rosendale ; was born in Windham 
 Co., Vt., April 8, 1828 ; son of Amos and Bathsheba fWallacej Prouty ; came to the town of Springvale, 
 Wis., in April, 1847, with his parents; they settled on the farm where he now resides. Married, Jan. 7, 
 1857, Catharine M., daughter of Philip and Catharine Blanchard; she is a native of Jefferson Co., N. Y., 
 residing in Springvale at the time of her marriage ; they have had ten children ; the living are Louis K., 
 Arthur D., Dee A., Levi B., Marian A. and an infant not named; they have lo.st four children— Clark F., 
 Clarence, Willie F. and Nellie S. Mr. Prouty owns a farm of 120 acres on Sec. 10, and eighty acres on 
 Sec. 15 ; was Town Treasurer one term. 
 
 JOHN S. PYtrALL, farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Rosendale: was born in the county of Norfolk, 
 Eng., Dec. 12, 1834; came with his parents, Thomas and Sarah Pygall, to America in 1838, and settled 
 in Oneida Co., N. Y., where his father worked at the tailor's trade, till 1844; .they then removed to 
 Detroit, Mich., where, in November, 1848, his fether enlisted in the 1st Mich. V. I., as a soldier in the 
 war with Mexico, and died at Vera Cruz in June, 1841). John S. went as a Captain's waiter in his 
 father's regiment, but when they reached Mexico he enlisted as a soldier and served with his regiment till 
 the close of the war. He then returned to Michigan and made that his home till 1853, and then came 
 to the town of Springvale, which has since been his home. In 1862, he enlisted in Co. H, 32d W. V. I, 
 under Col. J. Howe ; was with his regiment from Atlanta to Washington ; was then appointed Hospital 
 Steward; was mustered out of service at Milwaukee in June, 1865; returned to his home and, in the 
 same year, bought a farm in Sec. 4, where he now has 120 acres. In 1854, he was married to Harriet, 
 daughter of James and Mary Marchant, of Springvale, but a native of England ; she died in the fall of 
 1868, leaving one son — William H. In 1875, he was married to Anna, daughter of Conrad and Regula 
 Butcher, of this town, Sprinsfvale ; they have two daughters — Carrie and Hattie. 
 
 GEORGE W. ROGERS, farmer. Sec. 35; P. O. Ladoga; is a native of Essex Co., N. Y., 
 born in December, 1837, and is the son of^ Daniel Rogers and Olive Nichols, early immigrants to Essex Co. N. 
 Y., where his father died in 1845; in 1847, with his mother and family, he removed to Wisconsin and 
 settled on Sec. 38, town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., where his mother died in the winter of 1858. 
 At Sioux City, Iowa, in 1861, he enlisted in Co. I, 7th Iowa V. C, and was engaged mostly in frontier 
 service during his term of enlistment; he was mustered out of service at Sioux City, Iowa, in 18()3. He 
 soon returned to his home in Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and, in the fall of 1865, bought a farm of ninety 
 acres, in Sec. 35, town of Springvale, where he has since followed farming. In February, 1868, he was 
 married to Miss Mary E., daughter of James J. and Charlotte Davis, then a resident of the town of Wau- 
 pun, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., but a native of Pennsylvania ; their children are Alice 0., Mary C. and George 
 E. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers are members of the Methodist Church. 
 
 FREDRICK SCOFIELD, farmer, Sec. 3; P.O. Rosendale; was born in the town of 
 Hudley, Saratoga Co., N. Y., Nov. 21, 1821; he is the son of Miner and Lydia (Sherman) Scofield, 
 natives of Connecticut, but both immigrants to New York when young; they were married in March, 
 1821, and raised a family of ten children, one of whom died in New York in 1844; the others afterward 
 came to Wisconsin ; two now live in the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co. Fredrick, the oldest son, 
 
932 BIOGRAPHICAL SIvETCHES : 
 
 came to Wisconsin and settled in the town of Johnstown, Rock Co., in Jlay, 1845 ; Nov. 24 following, 
 he came to the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co., and settled on Sec. 3, where he now owns a farm of 
 eighty acres. Doc. 20, 184(j, he was married to Jliss Calista, a daughter of Abel and Laura (Cushman) 
 Bemis ; her mother dying when she was only 8 years old, she was adopted by lleuben and Lucy Tarr, and 
 made her home with them till April, 184ti, when she came to Wisconsin ; they have had eight children, 
 as follows: Katie, the hue wife of Kufus Oliver, of Waupun (deceased) ; Fredrick, Jr., now of this town 
 — Springvale; Edward L., now in llip<]n ; Ellie M., now at hoiue with her parents; William F., deceased; 
 Miner, deceased; Ida E., deceased ; Benjamin F., deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Scofield are members of the 
 Congresational Church. 
 
 JOSEPH SCRIBNER, farmer, Sec. 3; P. 0. Rosendale ; was born in Fairfield Co., Conn., 
 Dec. 13, 1824, and is the son of Ju.seph Scribner and Sarah Kellogg, a descendant of the well-known 
 Kellogg family of that State ; his parents were both natives of Fairfield Co., Conn.; Joseph is the fourth 
 of seven children, six of whom live in Fond du Lao Co., Wis.; one, with his father, is deceased; he spent 
 his life on a farm in his native county until 23 years of age ; Dec. 16, 1847, he, in company with B. 
 Pinkney, started for Wisconsin, and reached the town of Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co., in February, 1848; 
 he entered IGU acres of land in Sees. 31 and 32 of that town, but devoted his attention to merchandising 
 in the village of Rosendale, and afterward disposed of liis real estate in that town; in January, 1852, he 
 devoted xchanged his stock of goods fur a farm of 85 acres, in Sec. 3. town of Springvale, where he has since 
 his time to farming, though he has bien closely connected with everything pertaining to interests of the vil- 
 lage of Rosendale. In February, 1851, he was married to Miss Olive, daughter of Worthy and Bulah 
 A. White, then residents of the town of Eldorado, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., but emigrants from Oneida 
 Co., N. Y., in 1849; their children are Josephine (now the wife of William W. Stuart, of Montana, 
 lately of Ripon, Wis.) ; Fred H., Angclletta (now the wife of John W. Scribner, of Rosendale), and Adel- 
 bert E. Sir. and Mrs. Scribner are members of the Cunc;rogational Church of Rosendale. 
 
 CHA.RLES H. SEYMOUR, larmer. Sec. 'it.) ; P. 0. Rosendale; was born Nov. 13, 1829; 
 in the town of Weston, Fairfield Co., Conn.; son of Charles and Ann Foote Seymour; when 8 years of 
 age, he removed to Westport, Conn., where he was educated, and remained most of the time until 1852, 
 when he removed to Norwalk, Conn., where ho had previously been employed as a clerk for about three 
 years, and also taught school for about eighteen months ; resided in Norwalk until 1854, when he came to 
 Wisconsin and located in the village of Rdsendale, where he lived until August, 1855, when he purchased 
 the farm where he now resides; his parents joined him here in September of the same year. In Septem- 
 ber, 1857, he uiarried Cornelia S., daughter of Anson M. and Cornelia Miller; she was born in Bedford, 
 Westchester Co., N. Y.; they have had one daughter — Cornelia A., who died at the age of 7 years. Mr. 
 
 S. has served as Town Clerk years ; has been Secretary of the Rosendale Insurance Co., since its 
 
 organizitioii. Mr. and Mrs. S. are members of the Congregational Church. 
 
 HEMAN C. SHERWIN, farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Ladoga; the subject of our present 
 sketch is a native of Genesee Co., N. Y., and is the third son of Bildad and Philinda Sherwin, natives 
 of Vermont, but early immigrants to Genesee Co., N. Y., where H. C. was born Sept. 4, 1820 ; in 1836, 
 he, with parents, removed to Steuben Co., Ind., where his father and mother afterward died ; in 1840, he 
 returned to his native county, and followed the carpenter and joiner's trade for ten years. Here, Jan. 1, 
 1845, he was married to Sarah D., daughter of James and Maria B. Coddington, natives of New York, 
 but of Holland descent; in 1850, they, with a family of three children, immigrated to Wisconsin, and 
 settled in Appleton, where he continued his trade for five years ; he then removed to Stevens Point, Port- 
 age Co., Wis., where ho began the life of a flirmer, which he has followed most of the time since. In 
 1863, he was elected Treasurer of Portage Co., in which capacity he served for two years; in 18l]5, he 
 disposed of his interests in that county, and removed to the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., 
 where he now has a farm of 170 acres, in Sees. 22, 26 and 27 ; in 1877, he was elected Master of the 
 State Grange, to fill a vacancy of a year, and, at the expiration of this term, he was again elected to the 
 position which he had so worthily filled ; his second term expired Jan. 25, 1880. During his official 
 term, he visited all the counties in the State, giving lectures both before the Grangers and in public. Their 
 children are as follows — Edwin C, Frank, Addie E. — -now Mrs. M. H. Pinkertonof this town ; they attend 
 the M. E. Church. 
 
 GrEOR(]}E W. SIZER, P. 0. Risendale ; is a native of Oneida Co., N. Y., where he was 
 born Oct. 14, 1820 ; his parents, Jabez and Lucy B. Sizer, were natives of Connecticut, but immigrated 
 to Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1805, where his father enlisted as a soldier in the war of 1812. George spent 
 most of his time on his father's farm till the panic of 1837 swept it from them ; he ihen rented a farm 
 for three years, after which ho tried hotel-keeping for a year, then blaoksmithing for one year; in May, 
 
SPRINGVALE TOWNSHIP. ' 933 
 
 1846. he came to the Territory of Wisconsin, with the ditorraination to make farmin<;; his vocation, unless it 
 forced hiin to buy his brcal. Habits of industry acquired in early life, stimulated by a determination to 
 regain in the West what adverse cirjumstinces lial swept fr )ni liiai in tiie l"]ast, urjred him at once to 
 secure a homj ; he enterj.l eighty acrjs of Ian 1 in Sjj. 21, town of Springvale, but having little or no 
 means, he could mike no imfir )veinonts till he cjuld earn sjm; m)n3y with which to improve; carefully 
 guarding his little nucleus of eighty acres, it ha.s now grown to a farm of 280 acres, in Sec. 23 and 2G, 
 and he also has fifty-seven acres in Sec. 1, town of Laimriine. In .\pril, 1S4S, he married Miss Fannie 
 A., daughter of John A. and Fannie Newman, of Oneida Co., N. Y., but natives of Massachusetts ; her 
 mother now resides with them ; their children are Georgiana, Jabez W.; Helen, now Mrs. George A. 
 Rogers, of Hudson, St. Croix Co., Wis. ; George W., Jr., Charles H., Ada D., Mary I., Frank S., Elmer 
 M. A.. Lucy B. and Louis J. 
 
 MAKTIN SKERLS, larmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. West Roscndale; is the son of William and 
 Ann Skeels ; born in tiie town of Whitehall, Wa^hingtm Co., N. Y., Aug. 21, 1814 ; his father was a 
 native of Connecticut, and his mother of L >ndonderry, N. H , but of Soo'ch descent. Mr. Skeels has 
 devoted his life to farming. In 1838, he was married to Mrs. Sopliia, widow of Giove Wright, and a 
 daughter of Tiiomas Richardson, thcii of Washington Co., N. Y. ; in June, 1849, they came to Fond du 
 Lac Co , Wis., and settled on a farm on Sec. 4, town of Spriiigvale, which he had purchased the previous 
 yi!ar. Ho now owns a farm of 241) acres in that scctiim ; iliey had two children — James W., who enlisted 
 in Co. B, 1st W. V. C. (was taken ])risuner ; was in Aiidersoiiville J'rison: was paroled and sent North, 
 and is supposed to have dii'd on board the .steamer during the trip); Lucia S.,thc late Mrs. Henry Porter, 
 who died April, 1805. Mrs. Skeels died at her residence Feb. 28, 1877, aged 74 years. Mr. S. is a 
 member of the Congregational Church 
 
 L.KVI F. SK1:NKER, farmer. See. 33; P.O. Brandon; is the only son of Aaron W. Skinner 
 and Sally S. Far.nsworth, natives of INLis^achusetls, but immigrants to Eiie Co., N. Y., in 1818, where ho 
 was born in December, 1830 ; he was brou'.;ht up as a farmer boy in his native county, and, in December, 
 1855, was married to Mi-s Piielinda. daughter oi' Amos and Alcy (Chace) Whiting, of Erie Co., N. Y., 
 she being the youngest child and only daughter of a family of .«even children; they soon immigrated to 
 Wisconsin and .settled first on Sec. 3, in the tfiwn of Waupun. Fond du Lac Co., which was their home till 
 1861 ; he then bought a farm of IGO acres in See. 33, town of Springvale, which has since been their home; 
 he also has eighty acres in Sec. 28, and lortj-cight acres iii Sec. 32 of this town — Springvale. Their chil- 
 dren arc ati infant son (deceased). Minnie L. (now a stud'^nt at hkosh), Mary A., Frank (deceased). 
 Mr. and Mrs. S. are members of the Free- Will Baptist Church. Mr. S. has been a member of the Town 
 Board for two terms. 
 
 N.4THAN A. TI^KHAM, farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Ladoga; is a son of Orin and Joanna 
 Tinkhani, natives of Vermont, but ininiigiants to Genesee Co., N. Y.. in 1812, where his filher enlisted 
 as a soldier in the second war with England. Natl an A., our present subject, was born in Genesee Co., 
 N. Y., in 1821, and spent his life there on a f.irm till 184U ; he then with parents came to Kenosha, Wis., 
 thence to Green J^ak^ Co., where he lived till 1800, and wliere his f.itlier died in I80I, and mother in 1868. 
 In 1863, he married ^liss Maria, daughter of John and Mary llogbin, emigrants from England to Fond 
 du Lac Co. in 1855; in 1866, he purchased a farm of 160 acres in Sec. 22, town of Springvale, where 
 he has since followed farming ; they have had lour cliil Iren, namely, J'^ffio J., Alfred C. (deceased), 
 Frank E. and Edith .^I. 'J'hey arc members of the CongrcL'ational Church. 
 
 JOHiV WATSON, f..rmcr, Sec 27 ; 85 acres; P. Brandon ; is a native of Roxburghshire, 
 Scotland, and is the s.in of James Watson and Isabel Douglas, born in September, 1820. In August, 
 1850, he was married to .\'.:nes, daughter of John McDonald and Margaret Turnbull, of Roxburghshire, 
 Scotland, who unfortunately lost lur mother when i|uit ; y^ung; in May, 1802, he left his family in Scot- 
 land and sailed for America ; land.ng in Qii bic, be came diicct to village of Brandon, Fond du Lac 
 Co., Wis., where his brother then lived ; hewoikcdfor the farnnrs in that vicinity till 1805, when his 
 wife and son, James W., who is now a teacher in this town, juineil hiin in his Western home; they rented 
 a place for one year, and, in 1866, he bought a farm of 85 acres in Sec. 27, town of Springvale, wtiich baa 
 since be^n his home. Mr. and iMrs. Watson are members of the Con;;regational Church. 
 
 HENRY WHEELER, farmer, Sec. 2; P. O. Rosen.lale'; is a native of Gloucestershire, 
 England, born Nov. 9, 1820; he is tlie son of Richard and Mjry Wheeler, with whom he emigrated to 
 America in 1832, and settled in Oneida Co., N. Y.; in lM44, he left his father's homo in New York and 
 came to Waukesha Co., Wis., and in the following year his parents settled there also; in the spring of 
 1840, they removed to the town of Springvale, then Rosendale, Fund du Lac Co., Wis., where he and his 
 father entered 160 acres of land, 80 acres each, in See, 2, which has since been his home, and where his 
 
934 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 parents afterward died. In May, 18-13, he married Miss Matilda, daughter of James and Mary Merchant, 
 emigrants from England to the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where they have since died ; 
 they have five children — Harriet, now the wife of Charles Clark, of the city of Fond du Lac; George T., 
 who now lives in this town — Springvale ; Sallie, now Mrs. Willie Dood, of Dakota ; Charles H., William 
 S. They 'attend the Episcopal Church. 
 
 F. 31. WHKELKR, former, and senior member of firm of F. M. Wheeler & Co., lumber 
 dealers; P. O. Brandon; is a native of Vermont; came West in 1855, and settled in township of 
 Springvale, on the farm he now occupies, which comprises 21 G acres of first-class land, all under good state 
 of cultivation ; common report styles his the premium farm ; he has a fine flock of Merino sheep; raised 
 from the Hammond stock, which he brought from Vermont; has also raised several fine Morgan hor.ses; 
 he still superintends his farm, but since 1S73, has carried on an extensive business in the sale of lumber, 
 sash, doors, etc. He has been a member of General Assembly once, and Supervisor four times. In 1849, 
 he was married to Miss Susan Pray, of Saulsbury, Vt.; they have two children now Uving — Edward M. 
 and George F.; their only daughter, Louisa E., died at the age of 21. He is a stalwart Republican, and 
 is a public-spirited citizen. Although not a church member, he is a liberal promoter of the best elements 
 of society. 
 
 A. CHAPIX WHITII¥«-, fanner. Sec. 22 ; P. O. Ladoga. This pioneer of Fond du Lac 
 Co. was born in the town of Boston, Erie Co., N. Y., May 20, 1825; his parents, Amos Whiting and 
 ALsey Chace, were natives of Massachusetts, but early settlers of Erie Co , N. Y.; he received his early 
 education in the district schools of his native county, after which he attended an academy for a short time ; 
 in 1844 he came to the then new Territory of Wisconsin, to try his fortune as a farmer within its bound- 
 aries; his first location was at Johnstown, Rock Co., whither his father had immigrated two years before ; 
 passing through Fond du Lac Co., on his way to Canada in 1846, he made some investments in the town 
 of Springvale, to which, after spending the winter at teaching in Canada West, he returned and settled on 
 his farm of SO acres in Sec. 22, which has since been his home and where he now has 320 acres. Oct. 9, 
 1850, he married Miss Valucia V., daughter of Joseph and Lucinda B. Williams, nee Blockmar, and a 
 lineal descendant of Roger Williams, her father being his great-grandson ; she was born in Erie Co., N. Y., 
 May 20, 1826, where they were married in 1850, as above .stated ; they at once came to their Western 
 home in Fond du Lac Co., and afterward her father joined them and made his home till his death in 1870, 
 at the age of 82 j^ears, leaving her as the only one of the family living — -her mother and others having 
 died in the East. Mr. and Mrs. Whiting have had eight children, all of whom except the youngest have 
 been teachers; their names are as follows: D'Everado, of Springvale ; Lucinda B., Mrs. George A. 
 O'Neil, of Mason City, Cerro Gordo Co., Iowa; Martin, deceased; Morgiana, Mrs. E. C.Curtis, of 
 Rosendale; Philinda, now a teacher of Rutherford Park, N. J.; Elmina R., a teacher of Ripon ; Robert 
 A., now a teacher of this town, and Joseph "W. Mr. Whiting was the .second Clerk of the town of 
 Springvale — held the office from 1848 to 1850 ; in 1852 he was elected Chairman of the Town Board; 
 was re-eiected in 1853 ; in 1864 he was appointed United States Deputy Revenue Collector for Fond du 
 Lac Co., which office he held till the fall of 1865 ; in the fall of 1866 he was elected a member of the 
 Wisconsin Assembly from the Second Assembly District ; he is now President of the Fond du Lad 
 County Agricultural and Mechanical Association. Such is a brief life-history of one of Spriugvale's old- 
 est and most respected citizens. 
 
 GEORGE D. WOODS, former. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Ladoga; was born in Edwards Co., 111., in 
 February, 1846, and in 1864, with parents, George and Ann Woods, removed to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., 
 and settled on Sec. 2, in the town of Waupun ; eighteen montlis later, his father purchased a farm of 100 
 acres in Sec. 36, town of Springvale, which was their home till November, 1878; his parents then 
 removed to a small place on Sec. 2, town of Waupun, and left the farm in their son's care. In October, 
 1871, he was married to Miss Emily, daughter of J. M. and Abaline Hawkins, of the town of AVaupun, 
 Fond du Lao Co., Wis.; their children are Bernice A., Ralph L. and Solomon D., an adopted son. 
 
FRIENDSHIP TOWNSHIP. 935 
 
 FRIENDSHIP TOWNSHIP. 
 
 THEODORE HERRLIIVG, flirmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Fond du Lao ; born in Germany, near 
 Leipsio, Jan. 3, 1840; came to this county with his parents in June, 1854; worked at farming and his 
 trade (that of engineering), until the breaking-out of the rebellion. Enlisted in Fond du Lac Sept. 14, 
 1861, as a private in Co. K., 1st W. V. I., under Capt. Thomas H. Green; was at the battle of Perry- 
 ville, Ky., Oct. 8, 18G2 ; at Jefferson's Crossing, Dec. 29, 1862, and at the six days' fight at Stone River, 
 lasting from Dec. 30, 1862, to January 6, 1863 ; went to the hospital at New Albany, Ind., and remained 
 there until mustered out, Oct. 15, 1863; was a member of the Union League at Greenbush, Sheboygan 
 Co., Wis. Married, Nov. 9, 1868, to Antoinette Kinsman [see Kinsman] ; they have no children living. 
 He attends the German Lutheran Church, and is a Republican in politics ; is now, and has been for two 
 years, Chairman of the Town; is Treasurer of School District No. 1, and Secretary of Friendship 
 and Fond du Lac Protection Association ; he is now a pensioner, by reason of injuries received at Stone 
 River. 
 
 JOSEPH KINSMAIV, farmer, Sec. 4; P. 0. Fond du Lac; born in Genesee Co., N. Y., 
 Dec. 23, 1818; his parents, Aaron and Diana (Croft) Kinsman, were formerly residents of Framingham, 
 Mass.; when the subject of this sketch was 15 years of age, they emigrated to Huron Co., Ohio ; settled 
 near East Norwalk, where Joseph remained on the farm with his father about six years; he then learned 
 the painter's trade, which he followed six years; he then kept the hotel known as the Stewart House 
 about three years. Married, Feb. 17, 1843, Julia Ann Beckwith, daughter of Richard and Anna (Cham- 
 pion) Beckwith, she being then 18 years of age; they were married by Elder Phillips, Baptist minister at 
 East Norwalk ; the parents of Mrs. Kinsman were from Hartford, Conn.; Mr. K. came to this State in 
 April, 1848 ; was on the road twenty-seven days with a horse team, and settled on Sec. 5 ; removed to 
 present location on Sec. 4, three years later; has 770 acres of land in Sees. 3, 4, 5, 9 and 21, of which 
 about 250 are under cultivation, and the balance in pasture and timber ; has four dwellings and eleven 
 barns, with sheds and other buildings to accommodate his stock, which consists in part of 6 horses, 52 
 head of cattle, 250 sheep, etc., the stock being watered by means of reservoirs, pipes, and a windmill 
 pump ; has also a fine herd of deer in a park of 15 acres ; has a daughter, Antoinette, born Oct. 28, 1846, 
 who married Theodore Herrling [See T. Herrling, Sec. 4], and one son. Fitch R., born June 28, 1849, 
 who is unmarried and works the land with bis parents. The subject of this sketch is a Republican in 
 politics, liberal in his religious views a hearty, jovial, well-preserved gentleman, surrounded by all that 
 tends to make life pleasant; and that he enjoys, to the fullest extent, the respect and esteem of his towns- 
 men, is evident from the fact that, in a town giving one-third Democratic majority, he has been a Super- 
 visor several j'ears, being Chairman of the Town during the war six or eight years, also an Assessor fifteen 
 years (one year acting in both capacities), and for twenty years a Justice of the Peace. 
 
 ROBERT McCwOW AN, former. Sees. 16 and 21; P. 0. Fond du Lac; was born near 
 Calais, Me., Dec. 25, 1823; his parents, John McGowan and Bridget, nee Murray, came to this country 
 fifty-eight years ago from the northern part of Ireland, and settled in New Brunswick, where they both 
 died at the re.spective ages of 84 and 50 years. He came to this county twenty-nine years ago, and lived 
 in the city of Fond du Lac about eight years, engaged in lumbering, ''jobbing " in shingles, etc. About 
 twenty-three years ago, he married Margaret Coughlin, whose parents (Patrick and Mary, nee Con nel) were 
 from County Cork, Ireland ; her mother, Mrs. Mary Coughlin, is still living in the city of Fond du Lac, 
 aged 73 years, her father having died in New York shortly after his arrival. His wife is now 43 years of 
 age (June, 1879) : they have ten children living, one having died very young — Mary Ann, born Aug. 
 30, 1858; John, born June 1, 1860; Bridget, born March 2, 1862 ; Margaret, born March 29, 1864; 
 Robert, born April 11, 1866 ; William, born Nov. 29, 1869 ; Edward and Erwin (twins), born Dec. 17, 
 1872; Ellen, born Nov. 29, 1874, and Catharine, born Feb. 1, 1878. All attend St. Patrick's Church, in 
 this city. He has 85 acres of cultivated land and 5 acres of timber land ; keeps four working horses, 
 twenty head of cattle, ten of sheep, and ten hogs ; makes a specialty of feathers, and has a large number 
 of geese, ducks, turkeys and hens. Mr. McGowan began life with no capital, and has by honest industry 
 acquired a competency and the reputation of a man whose word is as good as his bond. He stands six 
 feet two inches in his stockings, and weighs 200 pounds. 
 
 DANIEL N. MORGAN, Postmaster and station agent, Van Dyne; born in the town of 
 Trenton, Oneida Co., N. Y , April 30, 1824. His father, Nathaniel Morgan, and his mother (maiden 
 name Deming), Lydia, are dead. He was thirteen years a teacher in the public schools of New York, 
 
me 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 and is now Justice of the Peace. Married Susan JI. Greenman, who was born in Brookfield, Madison 
 Co., N. Y., May 15, ISoO; daughter of Samuel Greenman, of Stephontown, Ren.sselacr Co., N. Y.; 
 mother's name Abisrail Bliss (daughter of Capt. Jeremiah Itiss, of Newport, R. I.); have one son — 
 Herbert Greenman Morgan, born in Russia, Herkimer Co., N. Y., May 7, 1854; married, Nov. 16, 1877, 
 to Lucy Colman, of Waukesha, Wis., and is now station agent, express agent. Postmaster and telegraph 
 operator at Pensaukee, Wis. Jeremiah Greenman. Jr., a brother of Mrs. Morgan, loft Janesvillc, Wis., 
 about twenty-six years ago, visited California and Western Territories, then went to Limi, Peru, went into 
 the country with a Jlr. Brown, of New York, on a prospecting tour, carrying a considerable sum of money, 
 and has not been heard from since that time. 
 
 JACOB THEWALT, fanner, Sec. 17; P. 0. Fond du Lac; born Oct. 15, 1819, at Nau- 
 Art (or New Earth), Prussia. Married in 184(3 to Catharine Dhilel, at Gen-Ters-Blom ; one son died at 
 1 1 months of age in Chicago, twenty-eight or twenty-nine years ago ; soon after his arrival in this country, 
 his wife was drowned in a well, into which she accidentally fell. Lived in Chicago about three years. Mar- 
 ried to Sophia Steady in December, twenty-six years ago ; had by second wife five children, of whom two 
 died; Sophia, aged 22 Dec. 27, 1879; William B., aged 19 April 8, 1880; Annie M., aged 12 May 2, 
 1880, are living with parents. Settled two miles south of the city eight or ten years, then three miles 
 south; owned a brewery at JIayvillc, Wis.; rents eighty acres on Sec. 17 at $300 per year, cash in advance, 
 in companv with C. W. Finn, of the city of Fond du Lac, he has been engaged in pressing hay, thresh- 
 ine and lumbering for several years, and also Assistant Deputy Revenue Collector for this dis.rict under W. 
 C.'Osden. 
 
 
(^^ 
 
 WAUPUN. 
 
WAUPUN TOWNSHIP. 939 
 
 WAUPUN. 
 
 JOHN IV. ACKERMAX, retired farmer, Waupun ; born in New York State April 22, 
 1812; son of Jonatlian A. Ackeruian, who was born and brought up in Saratoga Co., N. Y.; John N. 
 came to Green Bay, Wis., in 183(5, and came to Waupun in 1841 ; entered eighty acres in what is now 
 the city of Waupun ; there were none but Indians here when he eame ; he was a carpenter by trade, and 
 put up the first frame building in Fond du Lac; there were only four families there then, and about the 
 same number in O.shkosh ; Mr. Ackerman is the oldest of the old settlers in this part of the country, and 
 his stories of ye old times are amusing, and should be preserved. Mr. Ackerman married, October, 1843, 
 Hannah A. Ford, daughter of Chester Ford, one of the earliest and most respected citizens of Wisconsin ; 
 children are George V. (living in Appleton), Marion (married S. J. Sumner, living in Waupun), Chas. 
 H. (living at home), Alice (living in Green Lake Co.), Fred (living at home), Edna (living in Dodge Co.), 
 Frank (living in Dodge Co.). Mr. Ackerman hag a fine farm of 170 acres, 130 acres in the city of Wau- 
 pun ; he was for twenty years Justic'e of the Peace, and twice President of the village, and was the first 
 Mayor of the city of Waupun. 
 
 I»I. J. ALTHOUSE, of Althouse, Wheeler & Co., Waupun ; born in Pennsylvania Aug. 10, 
 1828 ; was most of liis early days in Tompkins Co., N. Y., where he used to work out part of the day, 
 and run a saw-mill all night; in this way he earned enough money to start for the Great West, and came 
 to Waupun in the fall of 1 849 ; had 50 cents in his pocket when he reached here ; he worked at 50 cents 
 per day at any work he could get hold of; took laud on shares; sat up nights making baskets, and turned 
 the baskets over for labor on his farm ; the first winter he lived here, he walked miles every morning to 
 chop wood for three shillings a cord ; used to work into the night sometimes, and pile the wood by moon- 
 light ; he was " pegging away " while otber men slept. Mr. Althouse owes his success in a large degree 
 to his own hard exertions ; he always was busy, no time was wasted ; in 1852, he went to drilling wells 
 and running thrashing machines, and, in 1855, made his first pump ; went out into the woods and cut his 
 own timber, and worked away and improved it, till now he has the finest wood pump manufactured in the 
 United States ; in 1873, he commenced making windmills; this branch of the business has grown to an 
 enormous extent; these windmills are superior to any manufactured, and are shipped to all parts of the 
 United States, and to foreign countries ; 300 were annually sent to India, and were transported to different 
 , places on mules' backs ; they have also made large shipments to New Zealand. As business increased, 
 Mr. Althouse had to look around for suitable men for partners, to assume a share of the cares and respon- 
 sibilities, and the business is now eminently .successfully carried on under the firm name of Althouse, 
 Wheeler & Co. Mr. Althouse's success is a brilliant example of the fruits of persistent effort, strict atten- 
 tion to one line of business, and sturdy integrity. There was no loafing in his younger days, and there is 
 nothing in the nature of the gentleman to indicate that he will ever depart from his first and well-fixed 
 principles. Thus true merit gains its own reward. 
 
 DANIEL P. BABCOCK (deceased), was born Feb. 1, 1818, in lliga, MonroeCo., N. Y.; 
 his father died when he was 3 years old, and he was bound out to Klihu Burr, of Castile, in what was 
 then Genesee Co., now Wyoming Co.,N. Y. When 19 years of age, he went to Illinois, and lived three years 
 in De Kalb Co. ; then returned to Castile and was married, by Elder Joseph Weeks, April 23, 1843, to 
 Adelia Sturtevant, who was born, Oct. 30, 1822, in Castile, N. Y., daughter of Noah and Cynthia Stur- 
 tevant, natives of Vermont, who came to Castile before they were married, and lived there till 1867 ; then 
 went to Livingstone Co., where Mrs. Sturtevent died Aug. 3, 1875, in the 7Gth year of her age ; Mr. 
 Sturtevant came to Wisconsin in October, 1877, and is now living with his daughter, Mrs. Babcock, in 
 the 70th year of his age. Mr. and Mrs. Sturtevant were among the first settlers of Genesee Co., N. Y., 
 and had their share of the privations and Indian scares incident to the early settlement of that county; 
 .^Irs. Babcock well reniciibers sitting, when a little girl, in the lap of Mary Jemison, the famous " white 
 woman " of Western New York. Mr. Babcock was a miller by trade, but being in poor health when he 
 returned to Castile from Illinois, he went into the boot and shoe business which he followed till October, 
 1855 ; then came West, and settled in Fond du Lac Co., Wis., living in the town of Alto one and a half 
 years ; then, in Springvale, seven years, and, in March, 1863, bought the fiirm now occupied by his widow 
 on Sec. 12, in the town of Waupun, where he resided until his death, which occurred Dec. 12, 1877, in 
 the 59th year of his age, having been nearly blind for the last eighteen years of his life. Left two sons — 
 Harlow N., born Oct. 11, 1850 ; married Lydia Fisher, of Waushara Co., Wis., Feb. 22, 1873, and now 
 lives in Stoughton, Dane C, Wis., where he is foreman in a large flouring-mill ; Charles F., born April 29, 
 
 JJ 
 
940 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1857, in Springvale ; is living with his mother on the homestead, which consists of 85 acres of land, 
 valued at about S40 per acre ; P. 0. Ladoga. 
 
 FRAIVK L,. BACOIV, farmer. Sec. 26; P. 0. Waupun ; born Sept. 16, 1841, in Cattaraugus 
 Co., N. Y.; son of Leander and Saiah Ann Bacon, natives of Eastern New York ; he went to Pennsylvania 
 in February, 1863, and lived about two years in Kothsville, Pithole City, Oil City and Titusville, prospect- 
 ing for oil, and working a part of the time in a refinery. April 4, 1865, he was married in Titusville to 
 Anna C. Hamlin, who was born July 2, 1844, daughter of Henry C. and Abby Hamlin. Mr. Hamlin was 
 from Augusta, Me., and Mrs. Hamlin from Hingham, Mass. Mr. Bacon came to Wisconsin in January, 
 1866, and settled in the town of Waupun ; he bought a flouring-mill on Section 26, and ran it five years, 
 then sold out and engaged in buying and shipping live stock, which business he continued till 1873, when he 
 purchased the farm he now owns, which consists of 160 acres, valued at about 850 per acre. Has been 
 Assessor and Justice of the Peace, and is the present Chairman of the town ; has also taken an active part 
 in the Granger movement, having been Master of the Grange at Waupun, and delegate to the State 
 Grange. Is Republican in politics, and himself and wife both members of the Congregational Church. 
 Has two children — Bertha H.,born Oct. 24, 1867, and Henry L., born June 18, 1869. 
 
 EDGAR M. BEACH, Waupun ; born Aug. 3, 1839, in Medina Co., Ohio ; parents of the 
 old Puritan stock from New England ; at the age of 5 years, lost his father, who was instantly killed by 
 the fall of a tree ; in 1854, came to Wisconsin ; attended school at Lawrence University at the city of 
 Appleton four years, when, his health almost entirely giving away, he spent several years traveling in most 
 of the West,ern and some of the Southern States ; in the fall of 1860, cast his first vote for Abraham 
 Lincoln. The war of the rebellion found him teaching in Missouri in a district composed entirely of slave- 
 holders ; making his way North, he enlisted in the Federal army, but on account of ill health was rejected ; 
 still desiring to take some part in the national struggle, spent the spring and summer of 1863 at Nashville, 
 Tenn., where he belonged to the Ordnance Department, under Gen. E. D. Townsend of the regular army. 
 On the 10th day of November, 1864, was married to Miss Cecelia E. Tichenor, daughter of Charles 0. 
 Tichenor, Esq., of Appleton. Studied law with Judge N. C. Gifiin, of Fond du Lac, at which place he 
 was admitted to the bar in July, 1866 ; came to Waupun in December, 1866, where he has spent an active 
 business life in the practice of his profession, which has been crowned with more than ordinary success; 
 coming to Waupun without means or "friends, he has found many friends and abundant means. His 
 fellow-citizens elected him Justice of the Peace for eight years in succession ; at one time a Postmaster 
 under Abraham Lincoln, " a high private in the Kekoskee war," Village Clerk; Supervisor; in politics 
 a Republican ; an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which he has belonged since 1864 ; 
 many years a Sunday-school Superintendent; thirteen years a Class Leader, Trustee and Steward. Always 
 a liberal contributor to all good objects. 
 
 L.EROY E. BEARDli^LEY, farmer. Sec. 15; P. 0. Waupun; born April 30, 1844, in 
 Chemung Co., N. Y., now Schuyler Co.; came West with his parents in the fall of 1854, and settled in 
 the town of Waupun. Was married, Jan. 1, 1867, to Wealthy iM. Holden, who was born Oct. 31, 1848, 
 in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., daughter of Chauncey and Almina Holden, who came to Wisconsin in the 
 spring of 1851, and settled in the town of Waupun, on Section 15, where Mrs. Holden died Oct. 27, 1858, 
 and Mr. Holden, July 20, 1877, aged 56. Mr. Beardsley enlisted Aug. 13, 1862, in the 32d W. V. I., 
 Co. A, for three years, and was mustered out of the service at Washington June 12, 1865 ; was in all the 
 battles and skirmishes in which his regiment participated during that time. Mrs. Beardsley hiis lived on 
 the farm, now occupied by herself and husband, ever since her parents came to Wisconsin — when she was 
 a little over 2 years old ; have one child — Gertrude Welcome May, born Oct. 30, 1878 ; has 120 acres of 
 land, valued at about 850 per acre. Republican. 
 
 B. H. BETTIS, farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Ladoga; born March 29, 1821, in the town of Westmore- 
 land. Oneida Co., N. Y.; son of Benjamin and Huldah Bettis. At the aL;e of 17, he went to work in a 
 woolen factory in Oswego Co., where his parents had removed when he was 13 years old, and continued at 
 that business nine years. Feb. 25, 1845, he was married to Charity Savage, who was born Jan. 24, 1825, 
 in the town of Mexico, Oswego Co., N. Y. Mr. Bettis came to Wisconsin in the spring of 1847, and 
 settled in the town of Waupun, Fond du Lac Co., where he has since resided. He held the ofiice of 
 County Supervisor two years ; Chairman of the Town five years; Town Clerk one year, and member of 
 the Legislature three terms, in 1860, 1861 and 1869 ; was also Deputy Warden of the prison at Waupun, 
 from October, 1871, till April, 1874, during the time that George F. Wheeler was Warden ; also took the 
 census of 1870, in the towns of Alto, Waupun, Springvale, Oakfield, and the North Ward of the village 
 of W^aupun. Has two children living — Adaline (born Aug. 27, 1848, now Mrs. Solon Halsey, of the 
 town of Waupun), and Benjamin F. (born Oct. 15, 1851, now living at home). Hattie was born Sept. 
 
WATTPUN TOWNSHIP. 941 
 
 23, 1853, and died April 30, 1868. Has 120 acres of land, Valued at about$7.000. Inpolitica ia Repub- 
 lican, dyed in the wool. Mrs. Bettis is a member of the noogregational Church. 
 
 J. H. BRI\KERH<>FF, Postmaster, Waupun ; born in Seneca Co., Ohio, April 14,1835; 
 1835 ; son of Hezekiah Biinkerhoff, who was a son of Henry Brinkcrhoff, of Adams Co., Penn.; the 
 family came to America when Peter Stuyvesant was Governor of New York ; were of that good old 
 Dutch stock that settled along the Hudson and Mohawk ; Hezekiah moved from Pennsylvania to 
 Ohio and settled in Seneca Co., and died in 1846 at the age of 54; John, in 1853, went to work in a 
 printing office in Milan, Ohio; then went to Watertown, Wis , and afterward to Jefferson and Beaver 
 Dam, and came to Waupun in 1857 and established the Waupun Times; carried that on nine yeans and 
 was appointed Postmaster in 1861; was elected to the Legislature in the fall of 1864 by 700 majority ; 
 Mr. BrinkerhofF is the present Postmaster and has been since 1861. He married Lucy T. Stoddard,, 
 daughter of Thomas Stoddard, who was from Laona, N. Y.; had two children — James Edwin is with 
 Althouse, Wheeler & Co., of Waupun; Van S. is employed in the post office ; wife died in the fall of 
 1863. Married, in 1867, Jennie H. Gillette, daughter of M. S. Gillette, of Fond du Lac; have two 
 children by second marriage — Mary L. and Lola J. 
 
 HESfRY^ D. BOOHBR, flirmer. Sec. 35; P. O. Waupun; born Sept. 24, 1824, in Guern- 
 sey Co., Ohio ; came to Wisconsin, in 1848; lived on Rolling Prairie, Dodge Co. most of the time till 
 1858; then returned to Ohio and stayed till the fall of 1864, when he again came to Wisconsin and lived 
 in Chester, Dodge Co., till January, 1879. His first wife, to whom he was married Sept. 30, 1852, in Wau- 
 pun, was Mrs. Lydia Brower, whose maiden name was Simpson ; she died May 7, 1856, leaving three 
 sons — Charles, Theodore and George ; Jan. 14, 1879, was married to Mrs. Lenora C. Clark, who was 
 born April 18, 1838, in Franklin Co., Mass., daughter of Dexter and Saloma Parter, who came to Wis- 
 consin about 1856; she was first married in February, 1862, to L W. Clark, who was born March 6, 1834, 
 and died Oct. 25, 1876, leaving two children — Carrie Adell and Nellie Jane. Farm consists of seventy 
 acres of land, worth S4(l per acre. 
 
 SVEX BROXSOIV, farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. O. Waupun ; was born April 2, 1828, in Norway, 
 where his name was known as Gul Bronson. Was married in April, 1851, to Olena Oleson, who was 
 born March 14, 1830, and died in the town of Waupun Feb. 9, 1857. Mr. Bronson came to America 
 in the summer of 1854, and settled in the village of Waupun,- living there three years ; then removed to 
 the farm he now owns; has 231 acres worth about $40 per acre. Has held the office of Treasurer in 
 the school district, and is now the District Clerk, and also Supervisor of the town of Waupun. Has chil- 
 dren living, as follows — Gustave, Ole, Bennie, Julius, Matilda, Charles and Theodore ; has lost three — Carl 
 and Emma, and one died in infancy, June 10, 1858. He married for his second wife, Ann Larson, who 
 was born June 25, 1824. Republican in politics, and belongs to the Lutheran Church. Mr. Bronson is 
 a man of sterling worth, who has amassed a fair fortune by honest industry. 
 
 WOLCOTT T. BROOKS, farmer; Sec. 13; P. 0. Waupun; was born at New Haven, 
 Vt., Oct. 6, lS2(i; his father, Daniel Brooks, moved to Middlebury, where the family resided until 
 1840, when he came to Wisconsin and settled on Sec. 1, in Byron, where he carried on the business of 
 farming and worked at his trade — that of a carpenter. He married in Byron, May 31, 1853, Miss Ger^ 
 trude, daughter of Ebenezer Sanderson, one of the earliest settlers of Waukesha Co.; she was born in 
 Delta, Oneida Co., N. Y. Mr. Brooks has been a member of the Legislature, representing the Fifth 
 Assembly District in 1860, and the Second District in 1877; he removed to Waupun in 1864, where 
 he has resided on Sec. 13, and has been a member of the County Board and held various local oflSces. 
 He has two children — Myron N. and Mary. G. 
 
 CLiINTON M. BROOKS, merchant, Waupun ; born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., May 1, 
 1837 ; son of Sheldon IJrooks, who was from Highgate, Vt.; his father was Calvin Brooks, who was also a 
 Vermont man; Sheldon Brooks and family moved to New York State, and to Waupun about 1855; he 
 is now living at the age of 75 and is blind ; Mr. Clinton M. Brooks has been many years engaged in 
 manufacturing organs ; he was eleven years in Milwaukee learning and working at this trade and is a 
 thoi-ough and competent workman ; he was with the Marshall Bros. Church Organ Co. many years, and 
 put up some of the finest organs in the Western States ; in 1875, he went into the organ business on his 
 own account, and, in March, 1877, came to Waupun and became associated with Amos Nudd in the fur- 
 niture and organ business, which they have been carrying on successfully since. Married, Oct. 12, 1863, 
 Imogene Keyes, who was from New York State and originally from Vermont; have one child — William 
 E., born Sept 25, 1866. The firm of Brooks & Nudd are justly known for the good management of 
 their business and fair dealinir. 
 
942 BIOGRAPHICAL .SKETCHES: 
 
 JOHN BRY'^CE, hardware merchant, Waupun; born in Edinburgh, Scotland; son of David 
 Bryce, who died in ISoti at the a^e of 70; John traveled thrau[;li different parts of England and was 
 engaged in teaching scl;ool at different times ; he was a graduate of Hathgate Academy ; he came to New 
 York. City in May, 1849, and came to Waupun in the fall of the same year ; was employed as a clerk by 
 Drummoud & Smith for a time; in the fall of IS52, went to Australia and Melbourne; went into the 
 mines for a while and afterward engaged in business there, and made and saved money; in 1858, he 
 returnad to Waupun and became interested in the hardware trade and has been thus employed ever 
 since, having, through his honorable dealing and good business talent, built a successful and remunera- 
 tive traffic. Mr. Bryce has never aspired to office, but has held several important town and city offices; 
 espou.scd the just cause of national sovereignty during the war, and gave liberally to its aid and support; 
 a brother, Hugh Bryce. was a soldier in the 100th N. Y. V. I.; was wounded twice, at Cold Harbor and 
 Petorsliurg, and afterward died from the cffoits of his wounds. Mr. Bryce and family are respected 
 members of the Congregational Church, and he is Superintendent of the Sabbath school, and one of 
 Waupun's most e.^tecmed citizens. 
 
 LUTHER BUTTS, capitalist, Waupun; born in Delaware Co., N. Y., June 24, 1825; son 
 of Jacob S. Butts; his father Wius William Butts, who was a native of Connecticut, and was a soldier in 
 the war of 1812; Mr. Butts' grandfather on his mother's side was Col. William Johnson, of Revolution- 
 ary fame; Jacob di^d in 1859, at the age of 57. Mr. Luther Butts, in October, 184(i, settled on a farm 
 of 200 acres, which was bought at Government price, in Fond du Lac County; he carried on farming 
 successfully twenty-seven years; during this time, he .speculated in land, buying and selling farms, 
 and came to Waupun in fall of 1873; Mr. Butts is the owner of the opera house, the finest building in 
 the city of Waupun. He married, July 19, 1845, Hannah Mann, daughter of Reuben Mann, a well-to-do 
 fanner in Connecticut; she died Nov. 20, 1S7G; he married his second wife July 19, 1877 ; her maiden 
 name was McDaniel ; they have one boy — Luther J. Butts, born March 20, 1878. In 1878, Mr. Butts 
 built a fine residence in the central part of the city of Waupun, where he now lives, enjoying the solid 
 comforts of life. In the town of Alto, he was a member of the School B lard for many years, and was 
 largely and liberally connected with the interests of that town ; he has obtained a well-deserved com- 
 petence through his shrewd business tact and good management, and is a man of liberal and hospitable 
 spirit. 
 
 SAMUELi CHAMBERIjIN, hardware merchant, Waupun ; was born in Armsburg, Canada, 
 Sept. 15, 1820; son of Dr. Olmstead Chaniberlin; he was born in Cliittenden Co., Vt., near Burlington, in 
 1787; his father was Joshua Chimberlin, and was a native of Ma.ssachusetts ; Dr. Chamberlin studied 
 medicine in his native State, and, in 1820, moved West with his family ; in 1821, he settled in Pontiac, 
 Mich., where he practiced m(!dicinc until 1840 : he was one of the earliest settlers in that county ; he had 
 a large and successful practice, and was a much respected and honored citizen. He married Mary Beech, 
 of Massachusetts; the children were Stewart, Mary, Samuel, Sarah Elsie, Charles, Almira and Augustus 
 B. Samuel Chamberlain, in 1840, went to Boston and bought a stock of goods, and started in general 
 merchandise business in Pontiac; was successfully engaged till 1855, when he was appointed, by Presi- 
 dent Pierce, first mail-agent on the Detroit & Milwaukee R. R.; he resigned and went into the custom- 
 house at Detroit ; received this appointment from President Buchanan; held that position till the election 
 of Lincoln; in 1861, he came to Fox Lake, Wis., and engaged in buying wheat and cattle ; in Febru- 
 ary, 1803, he came to Waupun, where he became interested in the hardware business, and has been suc- 
 cessfully engaged in that line ever since. He married Sarah Elliott, daughter of Charles Elliott, who was 
 from Connecticut; his ancestors wore among the oldest and most estecned settlers in that State; Charles 
 Elliott, the famous portrait painter, was one of this family. Mr. Chamberlin and wife are members of 
 the Episcopal Church. 
 
 A. S. CLARK, merchant, Waupun ; born in Sladison Co., N. Y., June 4, 1847 ; son of Ste- 
 phen Clark, who was a native of New York State, and a well-to-do farmer; his father was Samuel Clark, 
 and was from good old New England stock; he lived to be 88 years old; the family came to Green Lake 
 Co., Wis,, in 1854, and engaged in farming. Stephen married a Miss Popple, who was a native of Rhode" 
 Island ; there wore five children — ^Mary ( married George Thompson, and is now living in Green Lake Co.), 
 Helen (married Henry Smith, and now living in Fond du Lac Co.j; Mr. A. S. Claik is the next in order, 
 then George Clark (who is living at homo), Wallace (living at home). Mr. A. S .Clark enlisted in Feb- 
 ruary, 1804, in the 1st W. V. C.; served his time faithfully till the close of the war, when ho was hon- 
 orably discharged ; he was second musician in the regimental band at the close of the war, when he 
 returned home, and remained till 18G7, when he went on the road for a Boston house, selling boots and 
 shoes ; was afterward connected with a Chicago concern in the same business ; in September, 1876, he 
 
WAUrUN TOWNSHIP. 943 
 
 became associated with Mr. H. H. Hoard under the firm name of Clark & Hoard ; they have been carry- 
 ing on a very successful business ever since ; they carry a hirge and well-assorted stock of groceries, boots 
 and shoes aud-crockery, and, through their good business habits and gentlemanly demeanor, have made a 
 host of friends and built up a large and growing trade. Mr. Clark married, in November, 1872, Lizzie 
 Stanton, daughter of George W. Stanton; have had two children — Edith, born September 25, 1876; 
 George, born July 27, 1878. Mr. Clark held different offices of trust in the town of Brooklyn, and is a 
 Mason of prominence. 
 
 HI. K, OAHLj, manufacturer of plows and agricultural implements, Waupun; was born in Nor- 
 way, Europe, Feb. 3, 1824 ; his father died when he was 7 years old ; he left his home when 8 years old, 
 and served as a shepherd boy on a farm until he was 16 years old ; he then went to the city of Christiana 
 to learn the blacksmith trade, mainly look-making ; he left his birthplace without a cent and without any 
 more clothing than what he had on his body ; he walked 140 miles, s-leeping out of doors until he reached 
 the city, on the 23d of June, 1840, and, after serving as apprentice five years, without any compensation 
 except his board — to earn his clothes, he had to work nights and Sundays — he left the city of Christiana 
 in 1847, and went to Eidfos Iron Works, forty-nine miles from the city; worked on forgings and finish- 
 ings for heavy machinery and navy' work ; he left the iron works on the 5th of June, 1840, for the city 
 of Drammen, for the purpose of emigrating to America, that being a seaport; he started in a sailing 
 vessel from Drammen on the 9th of June, 1849, and arrived at New York on the 28th of September, 
 being eighty days on his journey from Norway to New York ; during that time, he occupied a good share 
 of it in studying and practicing writing, as he never went to schuol a day in his life ; being unable to 
 find employment in the city of New York, and, being without money, he lodged with a fiimily which 
 came across in the same vessel, and who was going West to Milwaukee, Wis. The family stayed in New 
 York three days, and then started for Milwaukee, and he, getting help from them, with the promise of 
 paying them with the first money he earned. They arrived at Milwaukee on the 26th of October, being 
 twenty-six days on their journey ; they went from New York to Troy by steamer, then taking canal-boat 
 to Buffalo, then by steamers across the lakes to Milwaukee ; when he arrived in that city, he sold his bed- 
 clothes for $1 ; he stopped in Milwaukee four days, trying to find work, without succeeding ; he then took 
 a bundle of clothing on his back and walked all the way to Rochester, Bacine Co., where he met a Mr. 
 Seymour Johnson, a friend from Norway, and who had been in this country three years, and working there 
 for a Mr. Belden, who carried on a small foundry, wa'jon-shop and general blacksmithing ; by the assistance 
 of his friend Johnson, he got a chance to work for Belden nine weeks for hi.s board ; then he hired out to 
 Ely & Ely, who were starting a blacksmith-shop in Waupun ; he had not had a chance as yet to earn any 
 money, so he borrowed $2 of his friend Johnson, and started for Waupun, walking eighty miles, arriving 
 in that village on the 1st of December, 1849 ; commenced work for a term of six months at $13 a month ; 
 the first money earned he paid the family that bore his expenses from New York to Milwaukee, and the 
 next went to a friend Johnson ; the leading work here at BIy & Ely's was making plows and fanning-mills, 
 and, after their plow season was over in the spring, they took the blacksmith-shop in which to paint fan- 
 ning-mills ; he then went to work for vS. H. Hill, in the village, at $20 per month, shoeing horses and doing 
 general blacksmith work ; at the end of two months, he received a letter from Mr. Jones at Watertown, 
 who carried on a machine-shop, offering $1 per day for turning and fitting out work fur two flouring-mills; 
 he accepted the offer, and worked for him two months ; he then returned to Waupun ; hired out to Bly & 
 Ely for one year to take charge of their blacksmith-shop at $1 per day ; at the end of that year, he made 
 a bargain with Bly & Ely to do all the iron work to a plow by the piece, and this he continued to do 
 until 1855, having an increase in their work so that he employed five and six hands ; in 1854, he also 
 took the job of making all the locks to be used in the Wisconsin State Prison ; the 18th of June, 1856, 
 he bought the shops of Geo. W. Bly, Ely having dissolved partnership with Ely previous to this, taking 
 in 1). P. Norton as partner in September, 1856, and continuing the business of making plows and fanning- 
 mills until 1864, when the partnership was dissolved, and M. K. Dahl continued the business; outside of 
 this business, he had a farm, and in which he succeeded in making money on ; also investing in land in 
 Minnesota and Dakota. On Nov. 24, 1854, he was married to Hannah 0. Hansen, of his own nationality, 
 who was born in Norway Oct. 25, 1835; the first child was born, and died in infancy; the second 
 was born Jan. 30, 1857, it being a girl, Henrietta C. Dahl ; the third, being a boy, Albert M. Dahl, born 
 Jan. 7, 1859; the fourth a airl, Emma P. Dahl, born Feb. 14, 1861 ; the fifth a boy, Henry O. Dahl, 
 born July 27, 1865, and died Sept. 25, 1865. His wife died Aug. 22, 1865. He then married a Miss 
 Hannah Haldorsen Nov. 11, 1866; she was born in Norway Sept. 22, 1829. His oldest daughter, 
 Henrietta, was married to Mr. Oscar N. Olberg, of Taopi, Minn, July 14, 1875. Albert M. Dahl is 
 following his father's trade, and has now one-half interest in the business. Emma P. Dahl, his youngest 
 
944 B10GHAFHIC;\X SKETCHES: 
 
 daughter, was married to C. A. Olberg, of La Crosse, Wis., Aug. 2(j, 1879. M. K. Dahl is a member of 
 the Lutheran Cliurch. He was honored with being President of the Village Board two years, and being 
 an Alderman four or five years, and Treasurer of School District eleven years, and Clerk of same four 
 years. Mr. Dahl is building one of the finest residences in the county. He deserves especial credit for 
 the i-emarkable manner in which he has worked his way to prosperity and success. 
 
 DANIEL S. DEA^f, farmer, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Waupun ; born in Warren Co., N. Y., Sept. 25, 
 1821, son of Aaron and Elizabeth Dean, natives of New York State ; his mother died when he was 
 4i years of age, and his father when he was 9 ; he then went to live with an uncle of his 
 father, Caleb Dean, in Kingsbury, Washington Co., N. Y.; at 17 he was apprenticed to a cabinet- 
 maker, and worked for three and one-half years to learn the trade ; then carried on the business himself for 
 five years; he then worked at joiner work about five years, after which he worked at pattern-making 
 about the same length of time in Poultney, Vt., Fort Edward and Troy, N. Y. Sept. 17, 1848, he was 
 married in Fort Edward to Martha (Irifiin, who died Oct. 22, 1850, at Ballston, Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 
 the 21st year of her age, leaving an infant daughter; he was again married, Nov. 5, 1851, to 
 Adelia M. Goodrich, of Benson, Vt., who was born Aug. 9, 1824. In the summer of 1855, Mr. Dean 
 came to Wiscon.sin and settled on the farm he now owns ; has eighty acres, which is assessed at $50 per 
 acre; from April 1, 18G7, till the fall of 1874, he was engaged in selling machinery and collecting for M. 
 J. Althouse, of Waupun; has had two children born in Wisconsin — Carrie M., born Jan. 28, 1860, is 
 now the wife of Beecher H. Amadon, of Mackford Township, Green Lake Co., Wis.; Kate Winnefred was 
 born Sept. 27, 1861, and died Aug. 20, 1S74. Mr. Dean is a Republican, and himself and wife both 
 members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. 
 
 JOHN DL'BR (deceased) was born in Bucks Co., Penn., in May, 1802, son of William and 
 Charlotte Duer ; he went to Ohio about 1828 and settled in Miami Co., and married Mary Moore, who 
 was born in 1805, also in Bucks Co., Penn ; he followed farming iu Ohio till 1847 ; then came to Wiscon- 
 sin and settled on Sec. 23, in the town of Waupun, where he owned 220 acres, which is now worth about 
 840 per acre; Mrs. Duer died Sept. 16, 1865, and Mr. Duer Jan. 24, 1879, leaving nine children — ^ Will- 
 iam and Eliza (living on the homestead), James (living in Trempealeau Co., Wis.), Isaac (on the home- 
 stead), Ephruim (on See. 24, Waupun), Enoch and John L. (in the hardware business in Pawnee Co., 
 Neb.), Mary Jane (who died March 5, 1879), and Sarah Martha (now Mrs. W. P. Day, also living on 
 the homestead). P. 0. Waupun. 
 
 THOMAS li. DUNHAM, farmer, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Waupun ; born Aug. 27, 1817, in Mans- 
 field, Conn., son of Abel and Sarah Dunham ; when about 17 years of age he went to learn the carpen- 
 ter's trade with Freeman Crocker, of Hartford, Conn., remained with him two years ; then worked for 
 Edwin Eaton, of Windham Co., Conn., two and one-half years, and, after that, as journeyman two or 
 three months, and then commenced business for himself, which he followed about two years in his native 
 State ; he then came to Wisconsin, and lived in Racine Co. two years, and in Walworth Co. two years ; 
 then back to Racine Co. one year ; then went to Waukesha Co., where he resided about twenty years ; 
 then to Walworth Co. again, and stayed two years ; in the fall of 1868 he came to Fond du Lac Co., and 
 bought the farm he now owns — ^took possession in March, 1869 ; has 162.1 acres, valued at $50 per acre. 
 Sept. 8, 1844, he was married in Burlington, Wis., to Clarissa Atkins, who was born Dec. 26, 1828, in the 
 town of Campton, Canada ; has sis children — Sarah M., now Mrs. John Foster, of Chester, Dodge Co., 
 Wis.; Albert C; Mary Emaline, now Mrs. Hiram Beehe, of Dodge Co., Minn.; Lucinda Susan, now Mrs. 
 John Van Ness, living on the homestead; Arthur Thomas and Edwin Abel, both living at home with 
 their parents. 
 
 WILLilAM DIJRAND, farmer. Sec. 34; P. 0. Waupun; born Oct. 31, 1832, in Westfield, 
 Chautauqua Co., N. Y., son of Nehemiah and Philena Durand, who removed to Wiscmsin about twenty-five 
 years ago, and settled in the town of W^aupun. William came a few months afterward and remained here 
 tw(j years; then returned to New York, and lived in Addison, Steuben Co., about six years, workin<j: at- 
 carpenter work; he then went to East Saginaw, Mich., in 1865, and, July 21, 181)6, was married to Jen- 
 nie L. Wheeler, who was born March 18, 1844, in Jefferson Co., N. Y., in the town of Lyme; she was the 
 daughter of Chesley and Eliza Wheeler, natives of Jefferson Co., who came to East Saginaw in January, 1866; 
 Mr. Durand remained there till the spring of 1873, and settled on the farm he now owns ; has eighty 
 acres, worth about $4,000. In 1861, he enlisted in the 34th N. Y. V. I., Co. E, for two years, and was 
 mustered in at Albany; he remained with his regiment till the expiration of his terra of enlistment, most of 
 the time at the fr-jnt ; he was in the battles of Fair Oiks, Savage Station, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, 
 Antietam and several others, and was with McClellan in his seven days' retreat from in front of Richmond, 
 
WAUPUN TOWNSHIP. 945 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Durand are members of the Wesleyan Church. Have three children — Hervey M., born 
 April 18, 1868; Lena A., Nov. 3, 1870, and May E., born Nov. 24, 1879. Mr. Durand is a Repub- 
 lican in politics. 
 
 GEOK<i}E FIELDSTAD, farmer, Sec. 21, in town of Chester, county of Dodge; P. O 
 Waupuo ; born Oct. 3, 1840, in Norway, near Christiana, the capital; came to America with hia 
 parents in 1854, and settled on the farm he now owns, and which his father, Englebret Fieldstad, owned 
 ■ and occupied till his death, which occurred May 8, 1879, in the 69th year of his age. George 
 was married Jan. 1, 1875, to Jonetta Petterson, who was born Oct. 6, 1846, in Norway, near Thron- 
 hjem, daughter of Arntpeter Larson. Has two children — Elida Josephine, born March 4, 1876, and Anna 
 IMatilda, born Sept. 15, 1878 ; lost one, Anna Matilda, who was born Aug. 1, 1877, and died when 
 she was one month old. Lutherans and Republican. 
 
 W. H. FERRIS, State Prison official, Waupun. Mr. Ferris was brought up in Connecticut 
 till he was 8 years old ; his father, James H. Ferris, was a Connecticut man and was born in 1800, and 
 was a drummer boy in the war of 1812, also enlisted in 131st N. Y. V.; was promoted to Miijor, and while 
 bravely leading his regiment at the battle of Frederick.sburg, was killed ; thus died an old soldier, at the age 
 of 63, in defense of his country ; his father was Capt. John Ferris, who was a Captain in the same war ; he 
 was of English descent, and was a member of the Queen's Guard, in the old country. Mr. W. H. Ferris, 
 when 8 years old, moved to Saratoga Springs, N. Y. ; was there fourteen years ; was in the mercantile 
 business and attended school, and came \Vest, to Fox Lake, in 1857 ; was clerk for H. Germain about a 
 year; was then with G. W. Leonard and afterward engaged in the business under the firm name of 
 Leonard & Ferris ; sold out and went to work for A. Rich. At the time of the war, enlisted in Co. H, 
 29th W. V. I.; served his time faithfully and was honorably discharged in April, 1863. While in Tren- 
 ton, Mr. Ferris was elected Justice of the Peace ; also served as Constable several times. Mr. Ferris was 
 appointed to fill a position in Waupun Prison in 1876, and hsis been an oificer in that institution ever 
 since. He married, in March, 1858, Caroline E. Hemingway, daughter of Ezra Hemingway, who was a 
 well-to-do farmer in Washington Co., N. Y.; children are Julia C, born Dec. 12, 1859; Cora E., 
 Dec. 21, 1864; Will Chester, Dec. 16, 1874. Mr. Ferris' brother, George D. Ferris, was in the 77th 
 N. Y. V. I. ; served five years, and was in thirty-two hard-fought battles ; was in Castle Thunder six 
 months. James K. Ferris was in the 77th N. Y. V. I., and was wounded at the battle of the Wilder- 
 ness and crippled for life. Walter M. Ferris was in the same regiment, and lost his leg in the battle of 
 the Wilderness. A brothor-in-law, Leroy Babcock, was starved to death at Andersonville. An uncle, 
 Capt. Peck, was killed at the battle of Fredericksburg. There are not many families who have such a war 
 record. Mr. W. H. Ferris has a fine little farm in the town of Trenton, and is in comfortable circum- 
 stances through his industry and frugality. 
 
 H. W. FROST, counselor at law and City Attorney, Waupun ; born in Windsor ,N. Y., March 
 27, 1842 ; son of Sheldon Frost, who was from Watertown, Litchfield Co., Conn. ; his father was Solo- 
 mon Frost, and had a good record as a Revolutionary soldier; Sheldon Frost died in February, 1872, at 
 about the age of 77 ; Hubert's early days were spent on a farm ; in 1867, went into the office of Mr Barrett, 
 Binahamton, N. Y., a prominent lawyer in that part of the country ; in April, 1870, he' went to Greene, 
 Chenango Co., N. Y., and studied law with his uncle, Lester Chase, who had practiced law successfully for 
 forty years in that county; came to Waupun, Wis., Oct. 12, 1874, and engaged in law practice with J. 
 W. Seely ; in 1878, they dissolved partnership, and he is doing a good and constantly increasing business. 
 Married, Sfpt. 22, 1874, Cornelia E. Peck, daughter of Philo Peck, who was a well-to-do farmer in Che- 
 nango Co., N. Y. ; have two children — Nellie, born Sept. 19, 1875; Fannie, born May 12, 1877. Mr. 
 Frost is attorney for the city of Waupun ; is a prominent member of the Society of Odd Fellows, and 
 was charter member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen ; he is also a member of the Temple of 
 Honor. 
 
 J. S. GEE, monumental works, Waupun ; born in Cortland Co., N. Y., town of Virgil, Jan. 17, 
 1816 ; son of Samuel Gee, who was a farmer and a carpenter by trade; his father, John Gee, served seven 
 years in the Revolutionary war and in most of the hard-fought battles ; he received from the Government, 
 for his services, 640 acres of land in Cortland Co., N. Y. ; the family are of French descent ; Samuel Gee 
 died in 1875, at the age of 80. John S. Gee shifted for him.self after he was 12 years old ; learned the 
 mason and stonecutter's trade in Ithaca, N. Y. ; he started in business in Elmira, N. Y., and, in 1837, 
 went to Frenchtown ; in 1838, moved to Troy, Penn., and in 1S40, to Danville, N. Y., in 1841, to Fre- 
 donia ; then to Penn Line, Penn.; and, 1846, came to Waupun, Wis.; in 1853, went to California, and 
 went into the mines ; in the fall of 1855, returned to Waupun, and has been here ever since, and is to-day 
 the oldest mason and stonecutter in the State. Mr. Gee married, in 1835, Lucy A. Whiting, daughter of 
 
946 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Caleb Whiting, a Presiding Elder in the Methodist Church, and a man of prominence. Children — - 
 Oscar F., enlisted in Co. D, 3d W. V. I.; was in Banks' retreat, and died from exposure; T. W. Gee 
 enlisted in Daniell's Cav. ; was in the West and South we.st ; served his time faithlully four years ; John 
 W. enlisted in the 3d W. V. I., and received his death-wound at battle of Antietam ; was shot through 
 the left arm, thigh and lungs, and died in about six weeks ; James J], enlisted in Co. D, 3d W. V. I., and 
 served his time faithfully till the close of the war ; he is now a physician living at Brandon ; has an 
 extensive practice ; he married a daughter of Gen. W. H. Taylor ; Ve.stalina married a Robins, who died ; 
 she is now the wife of F. E. Sykes ; Ella married Rufus H. Oliver. Mr. Gee has held offices of trust many 
 times. Mr. Gee had only $2.50 when he arrived in Waupun, and owes his success to his industry and 
 good manaeement. 
 
 ANDREW GLEWDENNIIVG, farmer. Sec. 4; P. O., Waupun ; born July 18, 1815, in 
 Roxburgh Co., Scotland ; came to America in 1845, and settled in Fond du Lac Co., town of Alto ; came to 
 the town of Waupun in 1869. Was married, in 1844, to Ann Davison, who was born in 1806, in 
 Newcastle upon Tyne, in England. ' Has two children living — Amelia, now Mrs. James Brisbane, of Alto, 
 and Jane, nuw the wife of James Clark, living on the homestead, which consists of twenty acres of land 
 with good buildings. Has lost two children — Jane, died in 1850, aged 2 years and 9 months, and William, 
 who died the same year, aged 13 months. Republican. 
 
 K. li. tirRAHAM, merchant tailor, Waupun; born in Liverpool, Eng., Feb. 3, 1829; came to 
 New York City in the fall of 1848 ; came over on the vessel Blackbird, Capt. Peabody, commander; went 
 to Milwaukee, and worked for his board, from November till April, 1848 ; May 3, 1848, came to Wau- 
 pun ; while on the way out West, Mr. Graham tried to enlist in the U. S. Army, but he wouldn't pass ; 
 he wasn't big enough. When he came to Waupun, went to work for Howard & Tanner, tailors; was with 
 them til) 1853, when he engaged in business on his own account, and has been very successful ever since. 
 Mr. Graham and wife returned to England May 3, 1870, on a trip of recreation and pleasure, and returned 
 in August of the same year. Jan. 27, 1853, Mr. Graham married Selina W. Vial, who was born in 
 Somersetshire, England ; the children were 3Iary Jane, died in infancy; Amelia, died when 2 years old ; 
 Henrietta, died when 14 months old ; Martha, died in infancy ; Harriet, died in infancy ; Frankie Lee, 
 lived to be 6 months old ; Delia M., lived to be 18 months old. Mr. Graham is eminently a self-made 
 man, and is to be commended for his pluck and energy in pushing to the front ; he gives eminent satisf\ic- 
 tion in his business, his trade extending throughout the surrounding country. He and his wife attend the 
 Episcopal Church; Mr. Graham is liberal and public spirited in all charitable objects; he has been the 
 help and mainstay of his mother in the old country. Mr. Graham has one of the prettiest residences, 
 inside and out. in the oitv of Waupun. 
 
 W. W. HARRIS, flouring-mill, Waupun ; born in Camden Co., N. Y., April 30, 1843; son 
 of Stephen H. Harris, who was born and brought up in Camden Co. ; he is now an old and respecied 
 citizen of Waupun. W. W. Harris learned the miller's trade in Waupun in 1861 ; in 1871, became asso- 
 ciated with T. W. Marklo ; before this, it was Harris & Son for ten years. 5Ir. Harris has been in the mill- 
 ing business for many years, and is a master of the profession ; the firm is now doing a large and prosjier- 
 ous business. Mr. Harris married, Nov. 26, 1868, Amorelte Newton, daughter of N. J. Newton, a 
 respected citizen, and one of the earliest settlers in this part of the country; the children by this marriage 
 are Fied L., born Oct. 6, 1869; William M., born Oct. 21, 1870; Herbert J., Feb. 29, 1872; Eda M., 
 July 25, 1874; Clyde, Jan. 1, 1877. Mr. Harris is Director of School District No. 1 ; is Fire Marshal 
 and Alderman of North Ward. 
 
 JE5IIC HAUEISEN^, furniture business, Waupun; born in Germany April 20, 1836; he 
 landed in New York May 10, 1855; went to Milwaukee, and, Aug. 15, 1860, came to Waupun; was a 
 porcelain painter in the old country, and, when he came to this country, engaged in carriage painting ; 
 Jan. 1, 1862, became associated with .M. Meyer, in furniture business, and, Dec. 16, 1872, Mr. llaueisen 
 took the entire business, and has been engaged very successfully in the same lino ever since ; through his 
 industry and prudence, has accumulated a competency. He married, Deo. 16, 1862, Barbett Kordcr; 
 children are Emely, born Feb. 18, 1864; Nora, Oct. 8, 1866; Hattie, Aug. 30, 1869; Edwin C, in 
 January, 1871. Mr. Haueisen is Clerk of School District No. 1. He has taken all the degrees in Odd 
 Fellowship ; he is also agent for the Hamburg American Packet Co. Himself and family attend the Episco- 
 pal Church. Mr. Haueisen is to be much commended for the way in which he has come to the front ; it 
 was tlirou'j:h his own exertions only. 
 
 JAMES III. HAWKINS, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Ladoga; born July 14, 1814, in Grafton 
 Co., N. H., came to Wisconsin in July, 1844, and lived in the town of Burlington, Racine Co., till 
 December, 1845, then came to Fond du Lac Co., and settled on the farm he now occupies in the town of 
 
WAUPUN TOWNSHIP. 947 
 
 Waupun, where he has since resided ; he was the first settler in this part of the town, and it took all the 
 lumber and shingles in Fond du Lac at the time (which was only one small load, however) to build his 
 first house. He was married, Jan. 18, 1836, to Lucy Barrett, who was a native of Windsor Co., Vt., 
 and died April 23, 1850, in the 40th year of her age, leaving five children— James D., lives in Blue Earth 
 Co., Minn. ; Truman R., in Madison Co., Iowa; Lucy Y., now the wife of Charles R. Dudley, of the 
 town of Lamartine ; Frances Evaliiie, now Mrs. Alexander Cook, of Wadena, Wadena Co., Minn., and 
 Emma, now Mrs. Alfred A. Shaw, of the town of Fond du Lac. Was married the second time, May 1, 
 1852, to Abilene Tourtellotte, who was born July 29, 1831, in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. ; by this wife he 
 has six children — Ida E.,now Mrs. Wilber Chase, of Cottonwood Co., Minn. ; Emily C, now Mrs. George 
 Woods, of the town of Springvale ; Nellie J., now Mrs. Chester Fairbanks, of the town of Waupun ; Myron 
 H., Alma May, and Milan E. Mr. and Mrs. Hawkins are both member of the M. E. Church, and he is 
 Republican in politics ; was appointed by Gov. Dewey, in 1851, to survey a State road from Oshkosh to 
 Mayville, also to survey and appraise the school lands in Fond du Lao Co. ; has 121 acres of land, valued 
 at $60 per acre. 
 
 FiLEAZAB J. HIL.LKBERT, farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Waupun; born Sept. 17, 1807, in 
 Genesee Co., N. Y. ; parents removed to Onondaga Co., when he was a child, and from there to Cattarau- 
 gus Co., N. Y. Mr. Hillebert was married, Sept. 12, 1831, to Laura Comstock, who was born Aug. 6, 1815, 
 in Canada ; her parents were natives of Washington Co., N. Y., and came from Canada to Cattaraugus 
 Co., N. Y., when she was an infant. In the fall of 1848, he came to Wisconsin, and worked at black- 
 smithing in the village of Waupun one winter, then bought a farm on Sec. 17, in the town of Waupun ; 
 had 160 acres and lived there till the flillof 1867, then sold out and bought the farm he now owns; has 
 eighty acres, worth $4,000 ; held the office of Constable in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., five years. Justice of 
 the Peace four years, and Collector two terras. Has five children — -Nelson, lives in the town of Empire ; 
 Jane, Mrs. Luther E. Sweet, of Pennsylvania; Allen L., living in Kansas; Frances, now Mrs. Emerson 
 Fairbanks, of Pond du Lac, and Frank, living on the homestead, with his parents ; has lost three children 
 — John, went into the army from Jackson Co., Wis. ; served about four months, and was shot at the 
 battle of Petersburg; Harriet J., died in New York, at the age of 4 years and 5 months, and Harriet A., 
 wife of Lewis Johnson, of Jackson Co., Wis., died in July, 1862, leaving three children. Allen L. was in 
 the 32d W. V. I., first in Co. B, as drummer, afterward in Co. C ; was with Sherman in his famous 
 " march to the sea ;" served three years, and was mustered out of service at the close of the war. In 
 politics, Mr. Hillebert votes for the best man, regardless of party. Mr. Hillebert learned the blacksmith's 
 trade of his f ither, and worked at it most of the time till be came West. 
 
 liUCIEIV H. HILL$$, farmer. Sec. 2; P. O. Ladoga ; born Nov. 13, 1818, in Mexico, 
 Oswego Co., N. Y. ; Came to Wisconsin in the summer of 1846, and settled in the town of Clinton, Rock 
 Co., where his first house was built, of one load of lumber, hauled sixty-five miles on a wagon ; was con- 
 sidered quite forehanded by his neighbors, as he had $15 in cash in his pocket when he came into the 
 State ; he remained in Rock Co., till November, 1848, then came to Fond du Lac Co., and settled in the 
 town of Waupun, where he now resides ; has 388 acres of land, worth about $17,000 ; pays a good deal 
 of attention to stock-raising ; has now 550 head of sheep of a choice grade ; has been a member of the 
 County Board several years, and Chairman of the town three years. The first vote he ever cast in the 
 State of Wisconsin was against the first Constitution, and himself and neighbors went to the election with 
 a team of seventeen yoke of oxen. May 1, 1844, was married to Anna A. Savage, of Mexico, Oswego 
 Co., N. Y. ; has four children — Mary Ida, now Mrs. F. L. Goutermont, of Blue Earth Co., Minn. ; Marcia 
 Adell, now Mrs. Alfred P. Morehouse, living in the town of Waupun ; Henry L. and Callie L., both 
 living at home. In politics, Republican. 
 
 EDWI\ HILLYEK, insurance, Waupun ; born in Portage Co., Ohio; son of Col. David 
 Hillyor, one of the pioneers of that county, and a man of prominence; he surveyed the counties of Port- 
 age and Stark, Ohio; the family came to Ohio from Granby, Mass.; Edwin commenced his business career 
 selling goods in Ohio; in July, 1847, he came to Waupun, Wis., and engaged in business, and, in 1849, 
 went to California; ran the first express ever run on the Sacramento River; there was not a frame house 
 in Sacramento at that time; he finally sold out his steamboat and went into the mines, and dug gold at 
 Syracuse Bar, in which claim he had an interest; returned to Waupun in 1852, and engaged in business 
 with his brother in a general merchandise store ; sold out his interest and built the railroad from HoricoD 
 to Waupun, and was afterward General Agent of the road; then engaged in the insurance business; estab- 
 lished the Dodge County Insurance Company; was elected to the Legislature in 1852; was Chairman of 
 Committee on Privileges of Election, and was also connected with several committees. In 1861, he raised 
 part of a company for the 3d W. V.' I., and, the same year, raised a company for the 10th W. V. I., and 
 
948 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 was appointed Captain ; served his time faithfully, and was honorably discharged on account of sickness, 
 and returned to Waupun and engasied in the insurance business, which he has been very successful in ever 
 since. Mr. Hillyer was Deputy Warden at the Waupun Pri.son at one time, and it was he that laid out 
 the beautiful grounds in front of that structure; he founded the library of the city of Waupun Feb. 18, 
 1858, and has been librarian ever since; Mr. Hillyer has a fine farm of 1,100 acres in Grundy Co., Iowa, 
 mostly under good cultivation, and he owns one of the finest residences in the city of Waupun. Mr. 
 Hillyer married in 1848; the children were Edna C. (married C. H. Ford, General Aeent of the North 
 German Insurance Company, and is living in New York City), Martha J., H. L. Palmer Hillyer, Homer 
 W. and Frank ; Martha and Frank are deceased. Mrs. Hillyer is President of the State Temperance 
 Alliance, and a prominent and efficient worker in the good cause. 
 
 J. T. HILLYKK, retired farmer, Waupun; born in Portage Co., Ohio, March li), 1819; son 
 of Daniel Hillyer, who was from Connecticut; he was a prosperous farmer, and also for many years a 
 popular hotel keeper ; he was among the first settlers in Portage Co., Ohio, and kept tavern nearly thirty 
 years in that county, and held numerous ofiices of trust; he died in 1875 at the age of 80. Joseph, at 
 the age of 31, went to Cincinnati and to New Orleans, taught school at diiferent times, also became a 
 skillful trader, and made large sums of money at times ; after something of a roaming life, came to Wau- 
 pun, Wis., in 1845 ; helped build the first frame house built in East Village; used to work for 810 per 
 month in those days ; his next move was to engage in the mercantile business with his brother, Edward 
 Hillyer, which they carried on succe.ssfully about ten years; he then purchased a farm in Columbia Co., 
 Wis., and engaged in agricultural pursuits; was there nine years, and returned to Waupun and purchased 
 ten acres, and now has one of the finest residences and homes in the city, and has retired from active serv- 
 ice. He married Hepsie S. Bly ; she was a sister of George W. Bly; the family was from Huron Co., 
 Ohio; the children by this union were Mary B., born Feb. 18, 1851, and married and living at Rock 
 Falls, Iowa; one child, died in infancy, Oct. 23, 1857; Josephine, born M.irch 19, 186^, and living at 
 home. Mr. Hillyer was on the Town Board most of the time while in Columbia Co. 
 
 li. I>. HINKLiEY, of the firm of Althouse, Wheeler k Co., Waupun; born in Rockville, Conn., 
 Nov. 8, 1835: son of Lucius Hinkley, a woolen manufacturer; his father was Scottaway Hinkley, and 
 was also a cloth manufacturer; he made the first blue cloth for the United States Army; he was a 
 descendant of the Hinkleyswho came from Trenterden Kent, England, in 1635, and settled in the vicinity 
 of Boston, at Cape Cod and Barnstable; the original purchase was in the possession of the family for 200 
 years; one of the family was Thomas Hinkley, Governor of Plymouth Colony, a man of sterling integ- 
 rity, of the good old Puritan stock of that daj'; Lucius Hinkley married Laura Waterman, whose ancestors 
 were among the first settlers in Norwich, Conn.; she was a descendant, on the mother's side, of the cele- 
 brated Hyde family, whose descendants now lay claim to many millions of dollars that have been stored 
 away in the Bank of P]ngland for years ; Laura Waterman was, from her father's side, a descendant of the 
 Breusters, who came over in the Mayflower ; Mr. Hinkley takes a laudable pleasure in tracing back the 
 genealogy of the family, and few can be as successful as he has been, for he follows the line back to Egbert, 
 the earliest Saxon King of England, and has the papers to show for it. Lucius Hinkley and his family 
 came to Waupun, Wis., in the fall of 1848, and followed agricultural pursuits. Lucius D. Hinkley, at the 
 age of 17, went into a carriage-shop and served an apprenticeship. In the fall of 1861, enlisted in the 
 10th W. V. I., Co. K ; was Orderly Sergeant ; was in all the hard-fought battles that the regiment engaged 
 in; was taken prisoner and sent to Libby Prison, then to Macon and afterward to Charleston, he made his 
 escape and got to within a "few miles of the Federal lines, but was recaptured, and, while trying to escape 
 the second time, in the fall of 1864, at Columbia, was shot while near the dead line, and lost his arm; the 
 same year, was exchanged, and came back to Waupun, and shortly after went into the office of Secretary 
 of State at Madison, and afterward engaged in the insurance business in Waupun ; in 1870, went to 
 Chicago, and was with the Republic Insurance Co. of that city; in 1871, accepted the position of Clerk 
 of the State Prison; in 1874, became partner in the large manufacturing concern of Althouse, Wheeler 
 & Co. Mr. Hinkley married, Deo. 28, 1870, Lola T. Gillett, daughter of M. S. Gillett; had one child, 
 which died in infancy; his wife died Jan. 22, 1878. 
 
 HORATIO H. HOARD, merchant, Waupun; born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., Jan. 26, 1855; 
 son of Harry Hoard; he was the son of Henry Hoard; the family were among the first settlers on the 
 Holland Purchase and were of English descent ; they took up a claim at the foot of Buffalo Hill ; Henry 
 Hoard lived and died on the old homestead ; he delivered a Fourth of July oration when 86 years old; 
 Mr. Harry Hoard was a Captain in the militia when he was but 18 years old; he was Postmaster sixteen 
 years and Justice of the Peace till the tiiiie of his death, which occurred in 1862 ; he was engaged in the 
 mercantile business at Sheldon Center, Wyoming Co., N. Y., which he carried on successfully many years. 
 
WAUPUJN TOWNSHIP. 949 
 
 Mr. Horatio Hoard graduate 1 at the Oshkosh High School, and came to Waupun in August, 1872 ; was 
 with John Roberts four years, and in September, 187(5. formed a copartnership with A. S. Chirk, under 
 the firm name of Clark & Hoard; they have been very .successfully engaged ever since; they carry one 
 of the best assorted general stocks in this part of the country. Mr. Hoard married, Oct. 9, 1877, Elvie 
 Wilcox, arand-dauirbter of the first settler of Waupun. 
 
 NELJSOX HOLLENDYKE, lumber merchant, Waupun ; born in Holland Jan. 16, 1821 ; 
 son of William Hollendyke, who was a farmer in the old country ; be died in 1852, at the age of 72 ; Nel- 
 son worked at the carpenter's trade at home three years for his board, and came to New York Aug. 1, 1844 ; 
 went to Westfield, Chautauqua Co., Aug. 12, 1844, and did his first day's work in this country; in the 
 spring of 1845, he went to Milwaukee, and, in the spring of 1846, went to Fond du Lac Co. and settled 
 on 160 acres and engaged in farming; moved, in 1848, to Waupun and worked at his trade; in 1851, 
 went to Portage City, and, in 1862, returned to Fond du Lac Co. and kept a lumber-yard in the town of 
 Brandon ; June 9, 1868, came to Waupun and has been successfully engaged in the lumber business here 
 ever since. Married, April 12, 1845, Eliza B. Loomaus, daughter of John William Loomaus, a well-to-do 
 farmer, who is now living in the town of Alto, at the age of 86. Mr. Hollendyke was a Trustee of the 
 city of Waupun in 1869-70, and again in 1876—77. Mr. Hollendyke came to this country a poor boy, 
 and now ha,s a competence through his untiring industry and good management. Himself and family are 
 members of the Uutcb Church in the town of Alto. 
 
 ELI HOOKER, attorney at law, Waupun ; born in Tompkins Co., N. Y., Sept. 17, 1820 ; son 
 of Hezekiah Hooker. The family were amonz the earliest settlers in New England ; Eli's great-grand- 
 father was born in Medbury, Conn., about 1720 ; he married Louisa Roe, who belonged to a numerous 
 New England family. Eli's younger years were largely devoted to educational pursuits ; he attended Ith- 
 aca Academy in all about four years, teaching school winters; he prepared for college at Ithaca, but, having 
 an offer to remove to the West and start a newspaper, went directly to Fond du Lac Co. in September, 
 1846, and, with J. (). Henning, started the Journal, which was the first paper in Fond du Lac Co.; six 
 months later, he sold out and bought a half-interest in the Whig ; he wrote for that paper until January, 
 1848, when lie removed to Waupun and read law with J. J. Brown; April 17, 1854, was admitted to the 
 bar of the Circuit Court of Fond du Lac, and was afterward admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of 
 the State, and in all the courts of Wisconsin ; for twenty years or more, he has had a large and remuner- 
 ative business ; he is a first-class court and jury lawyer, excelling in both departments of the profession, 
 and has all the avidity for study of his younger years. Law, the chosen pursuit of his later years, has 
 completely absorbed his time, with the exception of fourteen months, from August, 1866, to October, 
 1867, when he purchased the Waupun Times, a Republican newspaper, for which he is still acting as cor- 
 responding editor, as a means of recreation ; he is a vigorous and strong writer, as well as an able advocate. 
 With the exception of a membership in a local School Board, which be held many years, has kept clear 
 of politics; he owes his success to having stuck to one thing. Mr. Hooker is a member of the Temple of 
 Honor, a strong advocate of temperance, and has lectured more or less on the subject, being an expert 
 speaker. He has been a member of the Methpdist Episcopal Church for twenty five years, and Steward 
 and Trustee of the same; all his influence is on the side of good morals, and a pure type of Christianity ; 
 in early days, was a strong antLslavery man. his sympathies always being on the side of the oppressed. 
 All of his wealth is the honest proceeds of his energies and talents well expended. He never advised 
 persons to go to law who had not, in his opinion, a good case, invariably declining to be an advocate of a 
 bad cause; never made a proposition of law to a jury that he did not believe to be corject. The course 
 which he has followed has given the people the greatest confidence in him, and to it he attributes his suc- 
 cess in legal practice and in life. The wife of Mr. Hooker was a Miss Catharine R. Sharp, daughter of 
 Rev. John Sharp, who was for sixtj' years a Baptist preacher, now living in Waupun at the age of 80. 
 Mrs. Sharp was a descendent of the Townly family, whose property was largely confiscated at the time of 
 the Restoration — when Charles It. came to the throne of England. Mr. and Mrs. Hooker were married 
 Feb. 19, 1851 ; they have had four children, three of whom are living — Viola A. Hooker (the eldest 
 child, was educated at Lawrence University, Appleton), Culver E. Hooker (the only son, graduated at the 
 State University, in June, 1878), and Lillie Kate (the youngest, is being educated at the graded school of 
 Waupun). Mrs. Hooker is one of the leaders in the humane and benevolent enterprises conducted by 
 the women of Waupun, and is President of the Ladies' Temperance League of the place, and Treasurer 
 of the State Alliance. 
 
 O. B. HOPKINS, mechanic, Waupun ; was born in the town of Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 
 March 1, 1818; son of Truman and Laura Hopkins, natives of Vermont; when he was about 16 years of 
 age, his father died, leaving a family of six children, who, with their mother, removed to Ohio in the fall 
 
950 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 of 1835, and settled in what was then Williams Co. ; 0. R. Hopkins was one of the four men who built 
 the first los; house in the town of Farmer, in that county. On the 23d of July, 1840, Mr. Hopkins mar- 
 ried Artemissa Sawyer, who was born March 8, 1823, in Rushville, Yates Co., N. Y., daughter of Prescjtt 
 and Zeruia Sawyer. In July, 1845, he came to Wisconsin and settled in Green Co., where he remained 
 till the fall of 1847, then to Mukwonago, Waukesha Co. ; in April, 1851, he went to Madison, Dane Co., 
 Wis., and, in November, 1853, went to Milwaukee and took charge of the woodwork department of the 
 Milwaukee Thrashing Machine Company, where he remained about fourteen years in the same business ; 
 in the spring of 18G5, he removed to Chicago, 111., and went into the manufacture of zinc washboards, in 
 company with his sons, A. R. and S. R. Hopkins (firm name, O. R. Hopkins & Sons) ; in the spring of 
 186(5, he bought a farm in the town of Vernon, Waukesha Co., Wis., and followed farming four years, then 
 rented his ftirm and returned to Chicago, where he again went into manufacturing, and continued in that 
 till the great " Chicago Fire," in October, 1871, when he lost his house and shop by fire, losing about 
 $8,000 ; afrer the fire, he rebuilt his shop and continued the same business, with the addition of sash, 
 doors and blinds; in August, 1872, he went to Rossville, Shawnee Co., Kan., but only remained till fall, 
 when he returned to Chicago and stayed until the nest spring, then built a residence in Jefferson, one of the 
 suburbs of Chicago, and occupied it one year, then broke up housekeeping and spent some time in Ohio and 
 Indiana; in May, 1875, he removed with his family to Denver, Colo., but remained only three months, then 
 returned to Chicago for the third time ; stayed about three months, then went to Ohio, locating in Edgerton, 
 Williams Co., and engaged in selling agricultural implements, which he followed till May, 1870, then 
 removed to Waupun, Wis., where he still lives ; owns a brick residence on Mill street, north of Main. Mr. 
 Hopkins has lost five boys — Oney R., Ettlebert R., Mason H., Ozro B. and Charles F., and has three 
 living — -Arba R., Seldon R. and Truman P. 
 
 GEORGE JESS, banker and capitalist, and Mayor of the city of Waupun ; born Oct. 15, 1819, 
 in Kinis Co., Nova Scotia; son of John L. P. Jess, who was»a respected citizen of that county, and lived 
 to be DO years old ; Mr. Jess came to Walworth Co., Wis., in the spring of 1842, and, in 1845, came to- 
 Dodge Co. ; he soon purchased a tract of land in Columbia Co., and, in the fall of 1845, went to Fox Lake, 
 Dodge Co. ; he purchased the American House, which was but partially completed, finished it and kept 
 tavern till the spring of 1846 ; he had been, all this time, improving his property in Columbia Co.; he 
 became engaged in loaning money and tradim.;, and, in 1850, went across the Plains to California and car- 
 ried on an extensive drover's business; handled cattle from Southern California to San Francisco; also 
 shipped from Mexico in large droves ; throu;_;h his energy, made a success, and returned to Fox Lake in 
 the fall of 1853, and engaged in loaning money and speculating in land and live stock; in 1876, went 
 to Waupun and erected one of the finest buildings in the city, and engaged in the banking and exchange 
 business, under the firm name of Geo. Jess & Co. ; the concern is on a sound basis and enjoys a prosperous 
 trafiic. Mr. Jess married Maria T. Judd, daughter of Stoddard Judd, who was one of the earliest and 
 most prominent settlers in this part of the State ; he was one of the framers of the State Constitution, 
 and was in the Assembly and Senate at different times ; was largely interested in railroads, and was 
 esteemed one of the leading men of those times. Mr. Jess is the father of one child — Stoddard Jess, 
 born Dec. 3, 1856. He married a daughter of B. Chenoweth, one of the first settlers of Monroe, Wis., 
 who is now a prominent merchant of that place. Stoddard Jess is cashier of the bank of Geo. Jess 
 & Co., and has almost the entire charge of the business. Mr. Geo. Jess has been a member of the County 
 Board and held other minor ofiices. He is now Mayor of the city of Waupun, and is a prominent 
 Mason. 
 
 CHARLES JONES, merchant, Waupun ; born on Long Island, N. Y., April 30, 1831 ; son 
 of Gen. David W. Jones, who was a soldier in the war of 1812 ; Mr. Jones, together with his brother, 
 R. W. Jones, under the firm name of C. & E. W. Jones, are extensively engaged in business in Waupun ; 
 they carry the largest stock of dry goods, fancy goods and notions in that part of the country; also deal 
 largely in groceries, hats and caps, in fact, carry a very full and complete line of all goods that are to be 
 found in a first-class establishment of that kind ; the firm is favorably known for its fair dealing and earnest 
 endeavors to please its customers, and the fact that they have met with such abundant success is strictly 
 owing to their untiring industry, good management and discretion in purchasing such salable goods as 
 always find a ready market and quick sale. 
 
 B. F. JONES, farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Waupun; born Jan. 1, 1817, in Berkshire Co., Mass- 
 His father was a farmer and collier; when of age, B. F. worked at farming one year, then peddled d^y 
 goods, silverware, jewelry and Yankee notions for a year and a half, doing a wholesale business in farming 
 tools at the same time; afterward went into coal burning for a while, then went into the iron business, 
 helping to build three furnaces, and having a general superintendence of the mining, furnishing wood, etc., 
 
WAUPUN TOWNSHIP. 951 
 
 for two of them. Came to Wisconsin in the fall of 1850, lived a,few months on Wedse's Prairie in tho 
 town of Waupun, and Jan. 6, 1S51, removed to Sec. 18, where he has since resided. Has followed farm- 
 ing ever since he came to Wisconsin; was married April 2G, 1847, to Elizabeth S. Andrews, who was 
 born Nov. 27, 1831, in Saratoga Co., N. Y., town of Athol ; she was daughter of Geo. Se3'mour Andrews; 
 her mother's maiden name was Margaret McEwen ; have six children — Margaret, now Mrs. Robert Bogie, 
 Waupun ; Helen Josephine, now Jlrs. David Stoddart, of Alto ; Benj. F., lives in Brandon ; Isodene, Geo. 
 W. and Bertha, still living with their parents; has 2l)0 acres of land in Fond du Lac Co., worth $tO per 
 acre. In politics, Greenbacker. 
 
 WILLIAM M. JOXES, foundryman, Waupun ; born in Cortland, Westchester Co., N. Y., 
 June 12, 1S22 ; son of Samuel Jones, who was a brave soldier in the war of 1812 ; his father was Smith 
 Jones a New York State man, and his father was from Wales ; Samuel Jones was a firmer and mechanic ; 
 he died in 1843, at the age of 64 ; V/illiam, when 15 years old, commenced to learn the ironmolder's 
 trade in Peekskill ; worked at that trade three and a half years ; then went to Lawrenceville, Penn. 
 Married, in 1842, Angelina Horrick, daughter of Job Herrick, who was a native of Vermont; children 
 are Mary E., now Mrs. Walker, early developed a fine voice for music, and is now considered one of the 
 fine singers in the country ; she is now in Chicago ; William A., died in 1878 ; Frances, married A. Free- 
 man, and is living in Minnesota ; Emma A., married J. H. Bobbins, and is living in Michigan; William 
 M., died in infancy; Evia D., is living at home; Edgar H., married Emma Baldwin ; he is a molder by 
 trade ; Delia, living at home; Jeff, married a Gamble. Mr. William Jones, after marriage, went to Peek- 
 skill and to Port Chester, and then to Troy, N. Y., and to Painted Post, where he engaged in the stove 
 and tinware business ; then went to Knoxville, Penn., and to \V'aukesha, Wis., in 1854, and, in 185G, to 
 Horicon, and, in August, 1873, came to Waupun and has been engaged in the foundry business ever since. 
 Mr. Jwies was elected Constable when in Knosville, and, in Horicon, was Supervisor and on the Village 
 Board. Mr. Jones is a Royal Arch Mason«i has been connected with Masonry thirty-five years. Mr. 
 Jones is a man of earnest convictions ; if he believes he is right, he "sticks to it;" he has a competence 
 throutlh his hard work and attention to business. 
 
 ELI JOHXSON (deceased), was born May 5, 1827, in Erie Co., N. Y.; first came to Wis- 
 consin in the fall of 1848 ; bought a farm ; then returned to New York, and was married, April 24, 1850, 
 to Angeline E. Nichols, who was born Aug. 6, 1828, in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.; daughter of Alanson and 
 Jerusha Nichols, who are still living in Erie Co., N. Y. In the fall of 1850, he again cams to Wisconsin, 
 and settled on the farm ho already owned in the town of Waupun, Sec. 17, where he resided at the time 
 of his death, which occurred April 24, 1879 (on his wedding anniversary), of dropsy, after an illness of 
 about six months. His father, Elisha Johnson, is still living in Erie Co., N. Y., aged about 80. His 
 mother's maiden name was Anna Chaffee ; she died in June, 1861 ; his grandfather was a Captain in the 
 war of 1812, and, when a child 2 years old, was carried by his mother, on her back, from Wyoming to 
 Buffalo, through the wilderness, to escape from the Indians at the Wyoming massacre. Mr. Johnson was 
 a thorough-going Republican, from the time the party was organized, and took an active part in rjising 
 men and means to carry on th(^ war during the rebellion ; also took a great deal of interest in educational 
 matters. Left a family of sis children, three of whom, viz., Georgp, Helen (now Mrs. Le Grand Tillotson) 
 and Horace Greeley, are living in Lake Co., D. T., and Mortimer Bodwell, Fred W. and I'hnery R., living 
 on the homestead with their mother. The estate consists of a 200-acre farm, with good builiiings, which, 
 with the stock, is valued at almost §12,000. Both members of the Free- Will Baptist Church. 
 
 JOHI¥ M. LOOP, farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Ladoga; born Feb. 25, 1827, in the town of 
 Soloij, Cortland Co., N. Y. ; came to Wisconsin in the summer of 1843, and settled in the town of 
 Wheatland, in what was then Racine Co. (now Kenosha Co.); engaged in farming there for three years ; 
 then came to Iron Ridge, Dodge Co., and lived there till December, 1865 ; then went to Le Roy, six miles 
 north of Mayville, and in October, 1875, came to the town of Waupun and bought the farm he now 
 owns ; 120 acres in Waupun and 40 acres opposite in Springvale; paid $10,000 for the 160 acres. Was 
 married first, in January 1842, to Catharine Niver, of Iron Ridge, Wis., who died July 21, 1862, leaving 
 three children — Addie, now Mis. John Hungerford, of LeRoy; Seymour A., and Sarah, now Mrs. Matt 
 Slade, of Metomen, Fond du Lac Co. May 11, 1864, married, for his second wife, Emma Niver 
 (a sister of his first wife), by whom he has six children — Delia, John, Artie, Frank Everett, Allen and 
 Mirta L. Was Assessor of Waupun in 1877. 
 
 WILLIS LAMt;, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Waupun ; born Jan. 30, 1832, in Cattaraugus Co., 
 N. Y.; came to Wisconsin in June, 1848, and worked at blaoksmithing in the village of Waupun two 
 years ; then went to Waushara Co., Wis , and followed farming in the town of Leon till September, 1855, 
 and worked at blacksmithing again until June, 1868; then bought the farm he now owns in the town of 
 
952 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Waupun, and has resided there since. , Has 240 acres, worth S40 per acre ; in the spring of 1876, he 
 built a cheese factory 24x44, two stories, and has run it four seasons, using the milk of over five hundred 
 cows in the summer of 1878 ; the last summer about two hundred and fifty. Was married Jan. 1. 1856, 
 to Mary Splain, who died Dec. 13, 1867, aged 33, leaving six children ; Milan died Aug. 1, 1868, aged 
 18 months, leaving five living at the present time, viz., Henry, Alice, Mary, Maggie and Lottie ; was mar- 
 ried a second time, June 13, 1868, to Mrs. Mary E. Place, whose maiden name was Hughes ; her first 
 husband, E. F. Place, was a native of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.; enlisted, in February, 1863, in Co. D, 
 3d W. V. I., and died in Harney Hospital, Madison, Wis., March 4, 1865, leaving four children — Emma 
 (now Mrs. T. B. Dailey, of Great Bend, Kan. ), Theresa, Mary and Nellie. Mr. Lang, by bis second mar- 
 riage, has three children — Willis, David and Guy. 
 
 THOMAS Mccarty, farmer. Sec. 2; P. 0. Ladoga; born July 12, 1829, in County Ros- 
 common, Ireland, parish of Crogham ; son of Michael McCarty ; he came to America in 1855, and lived 
 in Wayne Co., N. Y., one year ; then came to Wisconsin, and settled in the town of Black Wolf, 
 Winnebago Co.; in 1862, he removed to Oakfield, Fond du Lac Co.; lived there one year, and then went 
 to Lamartine (same county), and resided there until 1878 ; then sold out, and bought seventy acres for 
 $3,150, in the town of Waupun, where he now resides. He was married, Feb. 4, 1856, to Mrs. Mary 
 Power, whose maiden name was Mary McGraw ; she was born in the County Waterford, parish of Ce-it- 
 ran, Ireland, March 17, 1820; they have two children, John and Martin ; Mrs. McCarty had seven chil- 
 dren by her first husband — Richard, Thomas, James, Mary, Neddie, Patrick and Margaret. In politics, 
 Mr. McCarty is a Democrat, and both himself and wife are members of the Catholic Church. 
 
 JAMES McEIjROY, retired farmer, Waupun; born in County Armagh, North of Ireland, 
 Oct. 17, 1809 ; son of William McElroy ; his father was John McElroy, and the family originally came 
 from Scotland; William McElroy and family came to Canada in the fall of 1821, and engaged in farming; 
 William died Oct. 8, 1871, at the good old age of 93; James was brought up to work, and, at an early 
 age, earned his own living ; he used to chop wood, and cleared land for from $2.50 to $6 per acre ; by 
 dint of industry, he accumulated enough of money to buy fifty acres of wild land in Canada, which he 
 cleared and sold ; he then bought 100 acres of Church reserve land, worked that until 1836, when he sold out 
 and went to Michigan to settle on ninety-three acres — paid $10 per acre, and afterward sold for $30 per 
 acre, and came to Wisconsin in 1848 (he had been here in 1845, prospecting), and settled on 160 acres in 
 the towns of Alto, Waupun and Trenton, then added eighty acres more, and afterward forty more ; he 
 now owns one of the finest farms in this part of the country ; in May, 1872, he moved into the city of 
 Waupun ; through his indu.stry and untiring energy, he now has a competence ; Mr. McElroy, in the 
 town of Alto, was Supervisor two years, and County Commissioner two years, and was ten years Chairman 
 of Board of Supervisors; in 1863, was elected to the Assembly, and served on several committees. Mar- 
 ried, Jan. 16, 1834, Harriet E. Taylor, daughter of Capt. John Taylor, who was a soldier in the war of 
 1812; their children are Eliza (married A. Roney), John W. (is forming in the town of Trenton), R. B. 
 McElroy (is in Milwaukee in the commission business — he married a Miss Burnham), Allen T. (married 
 a Miss Ackerman) ; two children died in infancy ; Mr. McElroy and wife are members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, and have been for about forty years; he has been Class-Leader, Trustee and Steward, 
 most of this time ; he has been President of the Old Settlers' Club ever since its organization, and has 
 been President of the Waupun Mutual Insurance Company ever since it started; he has been an Odd 
 Fellow many years, and has taken all the degrees, and attended the Grand Lodge, and Mrs. McElroy is 
 a member of the Rebecca Lodge, and she has held all the ofiices; Mr. McElroy has also been a Mason 
 many years, and belongs to the Temple of Honor and Good Templars also. He owes his success in life to 
 his unceasing hard work, indomitable perseverance and untiring industry. 
 
 PARLiEY MERRIAM, retired farmer. Sec. 33 '; P. 0. Waupun; born Feb. 14, 1795. in 
 Oxford, Worcester Co., Mass. He was married, Jan. 14, 1822, to Lucy Brown, who was born Feb. 16, 
 1795, in the town of Thompson, Windham Co., Conn.; after marriage, he lived in Massachusetts and 
 Connecticut until 1831 ; then removed with his family to Otsego Co., N. Y., and followed farming in 
 the town of Butternuts until 1844, when he came to Wisconsin, and lived two years in the town of Gene- 
 see (then Milwaukee Co., now Waukesha) ; in the spring of 1846, he came to Fond du Lac Co., 
 and located on Sec. 33, in the town of Waupun, where he still resides ; he was Supervisor of the town of 
 Waupun several years, and Captain of a militia company in Massachusetts, where he is still known among 
 his old acquaintances as Capt. Merriam ; Mrs. Merriam died in Waupun, Sept. 24, 1878, of old age, 
 being in her 84th year; there are three children living;, as follows: Sarah (now Mrs. D. L. Bancroft, of 
 Waupun), Ira and Nelson, both living in the town of Waupun; Mr. Merriam was among the first settlers 
 of the towrj of Waupun, and with them stood his share of the hardships and privations incident to settling 
 
WAUPUN TOWNSHIP. 953 
 
 up a new country. He cast his first vote in a Presidential election for James Monroe, and has never 
 missed an election since, except two Presidential elections when Wisconsin was a Territory ; he was an Old 
 Time Whig, and has voted the Republican ticket ever since the party was organized ; now, at the age of 
 85, he takes a lively interest in politics, and feels anxious to live long enough to cast one more Kepublican 
 vote for President. Nelson Merriani was born May 4, 1832, in Otsego Co., N. Y., and came West with his 
 parents; was married, Nov. 20, 1872, to Ellen Boardman, who was born April 23, 1849 ; they have two 
 children — Hugh N. and Ray C; he has 240 acres of land, valued at almost $1(»,()00 ; Mrs. Merriam is a 
 member of the M. E. Church ; Mr. Merriam pays. a good deal of attention to stock-raising, especially 
 sheep ; he sold over G.OOO pounds of wool in the fall of 1879. 
 
 L,. W. MILES, farmer, Sec. 10, P. 0. Waupun ; born Feb. 6, 1841, in Coos Co., N. H., 
 came to Wisconsin in the spring of 1864, and was employed at carpenter work in the city of Fond du Lac 
 for about four years. May 6, 1867, he was married to Arabella Kendall, who was born Nov. 26, 1850, 
 in the town of Fond du Lac, two miles south of the city, in what is known as the " Two Mile House," 
 
 kept at that time by her father, Kendall; April 1, 1868, Mr. Miles left the city of Fond du Lac, 
 
 living two miles south about a year and a half; then at Seven Mile Creek (Lamartine), about four months, 
 when, on Jan. 24, 1870, he removed to the farm he now owns and occupies, where he has followed firm- 
 ing since, except three years that he worked for the railroad company, from Nov. 1, 1872, to Nov. 1, 1875 ; 
 he has an eighty-acre farm, valued at about $55 per acre ; has five children — Lillie May, born May 1, 
 1865 ; Clarence A., Aug. 1, 1869 ; Carrie Bell and Charles L. (twins), Sept. 3, 1875, and George Frank- 
 lin, Jan. 3, 1879. 
 
 PHELPS MOORE, livery stable; born in Genesee Co., N. Y., Dee. 11, 1827; .-on 
 of S. F. Moore, who was from Vermont, and was a soldier in the war of 1812 ; he enlisted when at the 
 age of 18, and was engaged in several battles ; he emigrated to Erie Co., N. Y., and died when about 56 
 years old. Phelps Moore came to Waupun in the fall of 1849; he went to La Crosse and entered 180 
 acres of land; he lived in Minnesota three years; in 1851, engaged in the grocery business in Waupun 
 and afterward went into the livery business, which he has been successfully engaged in since ; he has the 
 best livery stock in this part of the country. Mr. Moore married Anna M. Hewitt, daughter of George 
 A. Hewitt; the children were Edith M., died when 2 years old; Ellis T., is attending college; Bay, is 
 attending school in Waupun. Mr. Moore is a man of liberal spirit, and a prominent member of the society 
 of Odd Fellows. 
 
 AMOS NIJDW, merchant; born in Rockingham Co., N. H., Sept. 6, 1820; son of John 
 Nudd, who was born and brought up in the same county, and his father, Weare Nudd, was also " raised " 
 in New Hampshire, and was enrolled as a minute-man in the Revolution ; these ancestors came from 
 England ; it is not positively known if they " came over in the Mayflower," " or that three brothers 
 came to this country," etc., etc., but the family has a good record, and belonged to that good old Puritan 
 stock whose blood has coursed the veins of the noblest men and women America has produced. Mr. 
 John Nudd was a well-to-do farmer ; when the war of 1812 came he joined the ranks and helped whip 
 the Briti.sh again ; he lived, and died on the old homestead Jan. 8, 1867, at the age of 78. He was a 
 member of the Legislature at one time, and was every way a citizen honored and respected. His wife 
 was Mary Worthington, who died years ago. Amos lived at home till 1851, then went to Exeter, N. H., 
 and engaged in business there five years ; then emigrated to Richland, Wis., taught school at times, and 
 in August, 1862, came to Waupun and became engaged with M. J. Althouse in the manufacture of 
 pumps ; Mr. Nudd was the inventor of a lateral waste valve, which was applied to these pumps ; he ac- 
 cepted a position in the counting-room of the concern, and was there till 1874, and was also with Alt- 
 house, Wheeler & Co.; May, 1877, formed copartnership with C. M. Brooks, and engaged in the furni- 
 ture business, under the firm name of Brooks & Nudd ; they have been carrying on a very successful 
 business. Mr. Nudd married, Dec. 22, 1840, Lucy A. James, daughter of E. M. James, who was a good 
 old Yankee from Deerfield, Rockingham Co., N. H. The old homestead is in possession of Fred P. 
 James, who is one of the Directors of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad ; the children were George, 
 who died when 5 years old ; Georgina L., married C. D. Nichols, and living in Columbus, Cherokee Co. 
 Kan.; Mary L., married George Foster, and is living in Oshkosh, Wis.; Nellie F., married Albert Ray- 
 mond, and is living in Chester ; one child died in 1858, and another in 1854. Mr. Nudd's brother, 
 William Nudd, was a brave soldier in the 15th N. H. V. I., was in many battles, and died from exposure, 
 in August, 1864. Mr. Nudd has held offices of trust, and is a member of the society of Odd Fellows; he 
 is also a strong advocate of temperance and a member of the Temple of Honor. It doesn't require the aid of 
 stimulants or narcotics to make Mr. N. a jovial companion, a wit, or a poet — these acquirements are 
 inherent. 
 
1)54 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 J. ]V. O'BRIEN, M. D., physician and surgeon ; born in West Chester, Penn., Sept. 
 15,1838; Dr. O'Brien entered Notre Dame College in 1856 and graduated in 1859 ; commenced the 
 study of medicine at the Rush Medical College in 1861; eminent among the profession there at that time 
 Prof. Brainard, James Adams Allen, Prof. J. W. Freer, Prof. Ray; Dr. O'Brien, after a thorough course 
 of study, commenced the practice of medicine in Plymouth, Sheboygan Co., Wis., and, in 1878, came to 
 Waupun ; he is a member of the State Medical Society and a prominent member of the American Medical 
 Association; also a member of the County Medical Society; he has a large and constantly increasing 
 practice. Dr. O'Brien married, in Blay, 1866, Anna J. Smith, daughter of Col. H. N. Smith, late 
 Warden of the Wisconsin State Prison and who for many years was a prominent Democratic politician of 
 the State; the children are Daisy, born July 4, 1869 ; Sarah, born Oct. 24, 1872; Harold N., born in 
 April, 1877. The Doctor is a man of genial temperament, and, although his valuable time is mostly occu- 
 pied with his studies and practice, he occasionally finds an opportunity to follow the sports of the field, 
 and game from mud-hens to deer have to suifer. 
 
 R. li. OIjIVER, attorney; born in Scotland, May 4, 1834; son of Thos. Oliver, a hardware 
 merchant; he came to the town of Alto, Wis., in 1848 ; came to Waupun and engaged in the manufact- 
 ure of plows; was successfully engaged till 1858, when he went into the hardware business and carried it 
 (in till the time of his death, Dec. 29. 1868. Robert enlisted in Co. D, 3d W. V. I ; was in all the 
 battles that that regiment engaged in; was appointed Sergeant Major after the battle of Antietam on 
 account of bravery ; returned to Waupun in 1864; commenced the study of law in 1865 and now has a 
 successful practice. Married Grace Sampey, daughter of Thos. Sampey; have had three children — Ada 
 Belle, Gertie and Grace. 
 
 AlVDREW OLiSON, farmer; Sec. 34: P. 0. Waupun; born January 27, 1831, in Nor- 
 way, near the city of Chrisiiaua; came to America in 1855, and settled in the village of Waupun, lived 
 there three years, then bought a sixty-acre farm on Sec. 29, in the town of Waupun, where he resided 
 until the fall of 1870, when he bought the farm he now occupies and has lived there since. Has 251 
 acres, valued at about $12,000. Was married August 25, 1859, to Charity Higginson. who was born January 
 21, 1835, also in Norway, and came to America in 1854; has five children — Olive H., Clara G., Nellie 
 Harriet, Jennie Augusta and Alfred Clarence. He is Republican, and both Lutherans. 
 
 E. A. PADCmHAM, merchant; born in Madison Co., N. Y., Sept. 6, 1840; son of John 
 Padgham, who was born in Sussex, Eng., Feb. 21, 1799; he was a miller by trade, and was also a local 
 .^lethodist preacher of celebrity; he married, Oct. 11, 1824, Miss Charlotte Hobbs, of St. Peter's Isle, 
 Thanite, Eng.; she was born May 6, 1798; the family came to America in 1830, and Mr. John Padg- 
 ham engaged in farming, which he carried on successfully till the time of his death; his wile is now 
 living in Randolph, Wis., at the good old age of 81; she has in her possession some of a celebrated brand 
 of flour that her husband made, the week they were married, in the old Northwood Windmill at St. 
 Liwrence, Eng. Edward A. Padgham came to Waupun in 1861 to take charge of Euen's Prison City 
 Item office; he shortly after entered Co. K, 10th W." V. I.; was in all the engagements with his 
 regiment; served his time faithfully, and was mustered out Nov. 3, 1864, after having served three years 
 and three months; returned to Waupun, and married, Jan. 3, 1865, Mis.s Addie Jloore, daughter of Mills 
 Moore; have had one child — Jessie A., born Dec. 29, 1872. In 1865, Mr. Padgham was engnged with 
 Phelps IMoore, and then with Sikes & Nichols; then accepted a position with Mr. Van Valkenburg, 
 and, shortly after, went to work for I. V. Preston, druggist; in 1867, Mr. Padgham loaded all his worldly 
 possessions on a wagon, and, with ox-teams, took his march with his family for the great West; they 
 traveled many hundred miles, and suffered some hardships; after getting into Iowa, and not finding the 
 prospect pleasing, they retraced their way to Waupun; Mr. Padgham is now sueeessfuUy engaged in 
 business in Waupun; has one of the neatest and handsomest stores in the city, and carries a very com- 
 plete and well-assorted stock of groceries, crockery, etc. Himself and wife are members of the Congre- 
 gational Church. 
 
 CHARliES RANK, retired merchant; born June 14, 1824, in Ruegem, Germany, an island 
 in the Baltic Sea and a place of summer resort; he was the son of Carl Louis Rmk. Charles was a 
 soldier in the old country in the 28th Regiment Prussian Infantry ; was honorably discharged at Ais La 
 Chapelle June 22, 1848 ; this was one of the regiments sent to Rastad- Baden to quell a rebellion in which 
 Carl Sehurz, Gen. Sigel and others, since citizens of fame in this country, were prominent leaders. Carl 
 Louis Rank and family came to Milwaukee, Wis., Oct. 6, 1848 ; Carl shortly after to Washington Co., 
 and died there in 1854 ; he was born Jan. 9, 1793. Charles was a journeyman tailor in Milwaukee several 
 years; was employed with H. Friend k Bro. five years; in the fall of 1854, engaged in business for him- 
 self near the Kirby House; in May, 1855, came to Waupun and started a general store in company with 
 
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 LM^^O^^ (lJC^*^^^^ 
 
 METOMEN 
 
WAUPUN TOWNSHIP. 957 
 
 John Manz, under the firm name of Rank & Manz ; in 1863, he bought Manz out and carried on the 
 business very successfully till 1876 ; he has now a competence through his good business management and 
 square dealing, owning one of the finest business blocks of the city, which he erected in 1868. Married, 
 Dec. 25, 1854, Christiana Luick, born in Nittingen, Wurtemberg ; have liad five children — Louisa, born 
 Sept. 15, 1855, died May 7, 185g; Ella G., born Sept. 25, 1858; Lucy E.', born Feb. 9, 1862, living at 
 home; Charles A., born Sept. 5, 1864, living at home; William Edward, born Aug. 26, 1866, at home. 
 Ella is teaching school at Oak Center, Fond du Lac Co. Mr. Rank was liberal during the war, giving 
 his aid and support freely to the great cause of national sovereignty. . 
 
 JOHN J. ROBERTS, merchant; born Feb. 5, 1843, in Wales; son of 0. R. Roberts. 
 The family came to Columbia Co., Wis., in the spring of 1847. Mr. 0. R. Roberts was a prominent and 
 respected citizen in the old country and held positions of trust ; he was a man of more than ordinary 
 culture; he died about 1S67 at the age of 75. John, when 17 years old, went to work for Gov. Smith, 
 and, in August, 1862, enlisted in Co. E, 29th W. V. I.; served about ten months, and returned and raised 
 a company for the 48th W. V. I., and entered the service again as First Lieutenant of Co. B, and was 
 afterward promoted to captaincy;' served his time faithfully and was honorably discharged. On his 
 return, worked for William E. Smith for awhile, then went in partnership with R. P. Smith in general 
 merchandise store; came to Waupun in the fall of 1870, and engaged in trade with Lewis Smith, and, 
 about ten months after, took the entire business himself, which he has been carrying on very successfully 
 ever since; he is agent for the American Express Co.; he keeps one of the largest and best-assorted 
 stocks of groceries, boots and shoes, crockery, etc., in the city, and deserves a big " credit mark" for his 
 industry and good busine.ss management ; Mr. Roberts does not let a chance for shrewd speculation pass 
 without getting his hand in. He married, in September, 1868, Miss Jennie Smith,daughter of Alexander 
 Smith and sister of Gov. Smith; the children by this marriage are Malevlin J., born in August, 1869, 
 and died when 6 months old ; Jessie May, born in November, 1871 ; Almira Chamberlain, in March, 
 1874 ; Ira Smith, born Aug. 23, 1878. Mr. Roberts is a Mason and member of the Commandery. 
 
 ROBERT K.SATTERFIELD, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Ladoga ;born July 4, 1834, in Berk- 
 ley Co., W. Va; his parents removed to Champion, Ohio, when he was about 15 years of age; he 
 came to Wisconsin in 1855, and settled in the town and county of Fond du Lac, and lived there till May, 
 1873, then bought his present fiirm in the town of Waupun. Has eighty acres, worth .$4,000. Novem- 
 ber 14, 1860, he. was married to Mrs. Jane Roblee, whose maiden name was Jane Bigford; has two 
 children — Lillian M. and Keyes L. Republican. 
 
 J. W. SEEIiY^, capitalist and attorney at law, Waupun ; born in Bainbridge, Chenango Co., 
 N. Y., Dec. 10, 1819 ; son of Henry Seely, who was from Bedford, Westchester Co., N. Y.; the family 
 came from England as early as 1690 and settled near Stamford, Conn.; a grandfather, Eli Seely, was a 
 soldier in the Revolutionary war, and his brother Thaddeus was taken prisoner and wounded and was 
 never after heard of; Henry Seely died in Bainbridge, in 1848, at the age of 61 ; Josiah W. Seely 
 taught school in New York State when 16 years old, and in 1835 commenced reading law and finished 
 his course at Ithaca, N. Y.; was admitted to practice at the Supreme Court in Albany, N. Y., and has 
 practiced law successfully to the present time; in 1858, he came to Manjuette Co., Wis.; was there five 
 years, and then came to Waupun, Dodge Co. Married Miss M. S. Humphrey, daughter of Col. Austin 
 N. Humphrey, of Connecticut, who was a descendant of Lea Humphrey, of Revolutionary fame ; the 
 children are Henry A., who has attended school at Ripon College and Madison University ; Clara M., 
 who has attended Ripon College, and Minnie H. Mr. Seely owns 140 acres of land, mostly within the 
 city limits ; also owns a fine brick block on Main street, and one of the finest residences in the city; also 
 owns a farm of 240 acres in the town of Alto ; he is a man of wealth, which he has accumulated through 
 his shrewd management and good business tact; he is quite extensively engaged in handling cattle, sheep 
 and hogs, and is an active, sterling business man. Himself and family are members of the Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
 F. E. SIKES, merchant, Waupun; born in Granby, Mass., May 1, 1842; son of Edward Sikes, 
 who was born in Lowell, Mass. The family came to Oakfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in spring of 1844, 
 and Edward engaged in agricultural pursuits ; was a .successful farmer for twenty-one years, and moved to 
 Waupun in 1865, and" Jan. 19, 1866, Mr. F. E. Sikes engaged in general merchandise business, which he 
 has carried on in a business-like and successful way ever since ; his father, Mr. Edward Sikes, is living in 
 Waupun a^ the age of 72. While living in Oakfield, he held many offices of trust. Francis E. married 
 in March, 1877, the Widow Robins, daughter of J. S. Gee; there is one child by this union — -Frank 
 Trewman. Mr. Sikes enlisted Aug. 15, 1862, in the 21st W. V. I.; was in many engagements, among 
 which were Perry ville. Champion Hills and Stone River ; at Perry ville, had four balls shot through his 
 
 KE 
 
958 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 clothing ; he was honorably discharged after serving his time faithfully. Mr. Sikes carries a large and 
 well-assorted stock of groceries, boots and shoes and notions, and, through his strict attention to business 
 and good management, is building up a prosperous trade. 
 
 PETER SEIFERT, brewer, Waupun ; boin in Germany, 1834; came to Milwaukee June 1, 
 1850, and engaged in the brewery business, was there a year ; he then went to Iowa, and was there three 
 years, when he returned to Milwaukee and engaged in the same business, and came to Waupun in July, 
 1870, and bought a brewery, made many important improvements, and now carries on a large and con- 
 stantly growing business ; he supplies nearly all the trade in the surrounding country, his beer is generally 
 noted for its good qualities. Mr. Seifert married, Nov. 21, 1857, Catherine Brutzie ; children — Mary 
 (died in infancy), Peter (lived to be 21 years 6 months and 9 days old, and died in September, 1879, he 
 was a youth of much promise). Otto (died when 6 years old), Barteen (died when young), Anna E. is 
 living at home, as is also Eddie Seifert. Mr. Seifert is a respected member of the Ancient Order of 
 United Workmen, and himself and fomily members of the Catholic Church. 
 
 GEORGE W. STAXTON, elevator and grain business, Waupun ; born in Strafford Co., 
 N. H., Jan. 2, 1821 ; son of John Stanton, who was in the war of 1812, and was a well-to-do farmer in 
 that county ; his father was John Stanton, who was in the war of the Revolution ; John Stanton, Jr., 
 died in 18(54, at the age of 74. Mr. George Stanton worked in the lumber business, in the neighborhood 
 of Moosehead Lake, Me., and at the head-waters of the St. John's and Kennebeck Rivers fifteen wnters; 
 the family came West in 1856, to the town of Trenton, Dodge Co., and settled on 320 acres; alsoiowned 
 800 acres of fine land in the northern part of the State: rented his farm in 1865, and moved to W aupun, 
 and engaged in buying grain ; has been thus employed ever since. Mr. Stanton married, in 1842, Hannah 
 C. Lord, daughter of Joseph L. Lord, who was extensively engaged in the lumber business in the State of 
 Maine; the children by this union were Charles M., who died when 22 years old; Joseph, died when 5 
 years old; another, died in infancy; Joseph E., married a Shipman, and is living in Waupun; Elizabeth 
 E., married A. L. Clark ; George W., Jr., is in the grain business with his father. Mr. Stanton has held 
 different offices of trust, and, through his industry and good judgment, has built up the largest grain 
 business in this part of the country. 
 
 DR. MARCUS SWAIl^, physician, Waupun; born in Wind.sor Co., Vt., town of Reading, 
 June 10, 18U8 ; son of Nathaniel Swain ; his father was also Nathaniel Swain, of Scotch descent. Dr. 
 Marcus Swain was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1833, and located in Westford, Vt.; practiced 
 medicine there ten years ; then went to Essex, and, in 1857, went to Oshkosh, Wis.; was burned out, 
 and, in 1861, came to Waupun; removed to Knglewood, near Chicago, and returned to Waupun in the 
 fall of 1878. Dr. Swain has a large and successful practice; held the position of physician in the State's 
 Prison from 1861 to 18G5. He married, in May, 1835, Charlotte M. Woodbury, daughter of Hubbard 
 Woodbury, of Barry, Mass.; had seven children — Edgar D., who raised a company and enlisted as Cap- 
 tain in the 42d 111. V. I., at Batavia, 111. (he fought bravely in the many battles that his regiment engaged 
 in, and was promoted to be Colonel of the regiment for his valor ; returning from the war, he resumed 
 his profession as dentist, and located in Chicago, where he now has an extensive and lucrative practice ; he 
 is Colonel of the 1st 111. V. I.) ; Alice M. Swain, is living with her father ; Marcus W., was killed on the 
 railroad at Freeport, 111.; George A., died in Tennessee during the war; Ida, died in infancy; Charlotte 
 L., married A. Klepser, now of Milwaukee; Oliver D., engaged in dentistry with his brother in Chicago. 
 Col. Edgar married Clara Smith, daughter of Benjamin Smith ; Oliver D. married Annie Cromwell, who 
 traces her ancestry back to the great Oliver Cromwell. Mr. Swain and wife are members of the Congre- 
 gational Church. 
 
 W. H. TAYIjOR, insurance agent and and conveyancer, Waupun; was born in Warsaw, 
 Wyoming Co., N. Y., March 3, 1821 ; his opportunities for an early education were very limited; the 
 common or district school at that time was very ordinary, when compared with the high standard to which 
 it has now attained ; losing his mother at an early age, and with no one upon whom he could depend for 
 help, he was compelled to rely upon himself, and was, therefore, deprived of those advantages so necessary 
 for the proper training of the young ; in 1843, he left his native State, and resided three and one-half 
 years at Willoughby, Ohio; not being contented there, he left Ohio in 1846, to find a home at the West; 
 landing at Chicago, and traveling over some part of Northern Illinois, he was not pleased with the 
 country, especially that between Chicago and Lockport ; he resolved to make a trip from Lockport north, 
 through the eastern part of Wisconsin, toward Sheboygan, so that, in case he did not find any country 
 that pleased him, he could take passage back to Ohio; at that time, the land in the counties of Dodge 
 and Fond du Lae was open to entry, and was rapidly being settled ; the fame of the natural resources 
 of these counties was widespread and had its influence in attracting him toward Waupun, which place he 
 
WAUPUN TOWNSHIP. 959 
 
 reached on the 6th of October, 1846 ; at that time, Waupun was but a mere hamlet; there were but 
 four buildings there, any part of which is now standing ; being of an active temperament, he could not 
 remain idle ; he possessed the happy faculty of being able to turn his attention to such business as pre- 
 sented itself; he found employment at fair wages, and resolved to make Waupun his future home. In 
 1849, he married Miss Mary E. Fairbank, daughter of F. G. Fairbank, who migrated from Western 
 New York, about 1844; in his marital relations, Mr. Taylor was very fortunate, the wife of his choice 
 proving to be a good Christian lady, loved by all with whom she associated, for her goodness of heart and 
 gentle disposition, and, as Mr. Taylor himself says, she had a strong influence over him, and had much to 
 do in shaping his character for life. He has been engaged in many pursuits — -merchandising, real estate, 
 insurance ; in all of which he has been successful ; he has held various oiEees of trust, and has ever been 
 characterized as prompt and faithful. The result of his married life was two cTiildren,one died in infancy, 
 the other, a daughter, now the wife of Dr. J. E. Gee, of Krandon, Wis. Mr. Taylor has always taken 
 much interest in the welflire of Waupun and the surrounding country ; he has always been active in 
 building up and sustaining the interests of Waupun ; his hands have always been ojjcn to those in need ; 
 in the spring of 1870, he lost his wife, since which time he has seemingly lived for the benefit of his 
 daughter and friends. 
 
 AARON G. THOMAS, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Ladoga; born Jan. 27, 1835, in Warren 
 Co., N. Y. ; parents came to Wisconsin when he was 15 years old, and settled in Lamartine, Fond du 
 Lac Co.; he remained with them till Nov. 6, 1862, when he married Miss Sally Fancher, who was born 
 Sept. 12, 1843, in Genesee Co., N. Y.; her parents came to Wiscon.sin when she was only 3 years of age, 
 and settled in Lamartine, where they now reside. In the fall of 1865, Mr. Thomas bought a farm in 
 Eden, Fond du Lac Co., and lived there till the spring of 1879, then exchanged for the farm he now 
 owns in Waupun, where he has since resided; has 166 acres, valued at $6,000. Has four children — • 
 Anna, Joseph, Mary and Henry, all at home. Mrs. Thomas i.s a member of the United Brethren Church. 
 In politics, Mr. Thomas is Republican. 
 
 ISAAC THOMPSON, machinist, Waupun; born in Sedber, England, Nov. 14, 1846; lived 
 in several different places in England, among them, Rugby, Cherry Burton, Preston and Kendall; came 
 to America in 1861 and settled in Fond du Lac, Wis., Sept. 14, of that year ; worked on a farm for about 
 a year, then worked for 0. Hornby, of Chester Station, Dodge Co., two years at the same business (farming); 
 Dec. 21, 1864, he enlisted in the 51st W. V. I., Co. K, to serve one year or during the war, and was dis- 
 charged May 4, 1865, at Madison, Wis.; in 1865, went to work in the wagon-shop of Wells & Grannis, 
 ia Waupun, to learn blacksmithing ; worked there about two and one-half years, and from there went to 
 Brandon, then to Chester, and from there to Fond du Lac, where he worked at horseshoeing about a 
 3'ear and a half, in the shop of T. S. Nowell, then worked at blacksmithing in Oakfield, Wis., two years. 
 Dec. 23, 1870, was married to Eleanor A. Wood, of Waupun, daughter of Oliver H. and Almira Wood, 
 who came to Wisconsin from Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., in 1847, and settled in Waupun ; moved to Oak- 
 field, and lived about nine months after his marriage, then back to Waupun, and commenced work for 
 M. J. Althouse, Nov. 1, 1871, the first year at blacksmithing and since that as machinist, still in the 
 same shop ; owns an eighty-acre farm in Greene Co., Iowa ; has belonged to the Masonic Fraternity since 
 1875 ; has two children— Oliver Henry, born Sept. 30, 1871, a<id Mary Elizabeth, born Jan. 20, 1877 ; 
 Lucy Adell was born May 12, 1874, and died the next day after she was born. 
 
 GEORf^E B. TRADE WELiIi, farmer; Sec. 21; P. 0. Waupun; born May 1, 1826, 
 in Delaware Co. N. Y. Was married, Jan. 1, 1850, to Maria Paine, who w;is born Sept. 18, 1826, also in 
 Delaware Co., town of Meredith, daughter of Thompson Paine ; soon after his marriage, Mr. Tradewell 
 went to Sullivan Co., Penn., and lived there almost two years, working a part of the time in a match fac- 
 tory, and part of the time peddling tobacco, cigars and matches; he then went to Smithboro, Tioga Co., 
 N. Y., where he worked at blacksmithing and wagon-making till the fall of 1854, then came to Wiscon- 
 sin, and has lived in the town of Waupun ever since, except about six months in the town of Lomira, 
 Dodge Co.; for the first few years after he came to Wisconsin he worked at painting and carpenter work, 
 and for the last fourteen years has been selling agricultural implements for M. K. Dahl, of Waupun ; has 
 eighty acres of land, worth about $4,000. Held the office of Constable six years, and was elected Justice 
 of the Peace, but never qualified. Has six children — Annette, Thompson J., Cassius De Ville, Charles, 
 Aaron and Lydia; has lost two — Emma, died April 23, 1877, aged 13 years, and Byron, died May 5, 
 1877, aged 10 years 7 months and 16 days. In politics. Republican. 
 
 JOHN S. VAN EPS, farmer, Sec. 3; P. O.Ladoga; born Jan. 14, 1820, in the town of 
 Homer, Cortland Co., N. Y., ; son of Jeremiah and Lsabell Van Eps ; he came to Wisconsin in October, 
 
960 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1845, and settled in the town of North Bend rnow Barton), Washington Co., where he followed farm- 
 ing and teaching for about thirty-two years ; held the office of Town Clerk and Assessor of the town. 
 June 3, 1847, was married to Helen Fraser, who was born Jan. 21, 1821, in Livingston Co., N. Y., and 
 died July 31, 1808, in Washington Co., Wis.; had five children — Nettie, born March 9, 1848 (is now 
 the wife of Dwiglit Lsbell, of the town of Waupun) ; Libbie, born jVug. 14, 1853 ; Emma, April 17, 
 1857; John J., Feb. 23, 1859, and Helen, born Sept. 2, 18G1. Li the spring of 1874 he removed to 
 the town of Waupun, Fond du Lac Co., where he has resided since; own 100 acres of land for which 
 he paid $5,500. Republican in politics. 
 
 WAIjKEK BROS., merchants, Waupun. Charles H. Walker, born in Newburs, Ohio, Aug. 
 8, 1846; son of Lsvi Walker, who died Jan. 1(3, 1852, at the age of 44. His brother, Hiram Walker, 
 came to Waupun in 1841, at the same time Wilcox and Ackerman did; was one of the first white men 
 here ; he settled on 107 acres in what is now the city of Waupun ; he died in Charles City, Minn., in 
 1872, at the age of 60. The family came to Waupun in 1848. Levi Walker married Jane A. Powers, 
 of Ferrisburg. Vt., they had six children — Hattie A. married Johnson Soper, and they are living in Can- 
 ada ; George Walker is in Washington Territory; Gid. T. Walker married M. P. Allen; Nathan S. is in 
 New Mexico ; Levi J. married Sarah Woodard, and is living in California ; Chas. H. is the next one in 
 order. Mr. G. T. Walker is the father of Jessie M. (born Feb. 29, 1872), Levi (born Feb. 16, 1879). 
 Mr. Charles H. Walker, together with his brother, Mr. G. T. Walker, engaged in the mercantile business 
 Nov. 6, 1878, under the firm name of Walker Bros.; they have a complete and well-assorted stock of gro- 
 ceries, boots and .shoes, crockery, etc., and, by close attention to business and general good management, 
 have built up a flourishing and increasing busine.ss. Mr. G. T. Walker was elected Alderman of the city 
 of Waupun in 1878; their mother, who was born Aug. 31, 1810, is living in Waupun. 
 
 R. W. WELLS, druggist, Waupun ; born in Waterbury, Vt., Nov. 17, 1833 ; son of William W. 
 Wells, who wa.s a mill owner and largely engaged in the tannery business ; he was a prominent and 
 respected citizen ; was at one time a member of the Legislature ; his father was Roswell Wells, and came 
 from Massachusetts; his wife was Parmelia White, of one of the oldest Puritan families. Wm. W. Wells 
 married Eliza Carpenter ; they had eight children — R. W. Wells ; P^dward, who is engaged in the whole- 
 sale drug business in Burlington, Vt.; Gen. William Wells, who is Collector of Customs at Burlington, 
 Vt., and was with the 1st Vt. V. C, was with Sherman and Kilpatrick, and attained the position of Gen- 
 eral through his bravery and soldierly talent ; Curtis AVells, is cashier in Waterbury National Bank, Water- 
 bury, Vt.; Charles and Sarah Wells (twins) — Charles is connected with the Custom House, Burlington, 
 Sarah married J. W. Brock, of Montpelier, Vt.; Henry and Fred are in the drug business in Burlington, 
 Vt. Mr. R. W. Wells came to Beloit, Wis., Nov. 17, 1855; then went to Fond du Lac and to Racine, 
 and finally, April 24, 1856, engaged in the drug business in Waupun ; he has built up a first-class and 
 prosperous traffic through close attention to business, keeping the finest assortment of drugs and druggist's 
 sundries in the city. Married, Oct. 27, 1856, Tryphosa A. Wright, of Shoreham, Vt., daughter of M. 
 W. Wright, who has been County Judge and member of the Legislature ; the children are Ella M., 
 William, Fred, and Kate, who died in infancy. Mr. Wells has been Treasurer of the village and city of 
 Waupun for many years. Himself and wife are members of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 GEORGE" WELLS, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Waupun ; born Feb. 11, 1819, in Wayne Co., N. 
 y. He was married, in November, 1842, to Veleria Ann Farrand, who died eleven months after mar- 
 riage, leaving one child, which survived its mother only one month; May 11, 1845, he married Nancy 
 Edmunds, of Wayne Co., N. Y., who died Sept. 3, 1870, at the age of 50. Mr. Wells first came to Wis- 
 consin in May, 1846 ; lived in the town of Waupun, on Sec. 24, two and one-half years; then returned to 
 New York and followed farming in Wayne Co. seven years; in March, 1854, he again came to Wisconsin 
 and located on the farm he now owns, in Waupun ; has 1291 acres, worth §40 per acre. Sept. 7, 1871, 
 he married, for his third wife, Betsy Jenkins, whose maiden name was Palmer; has one child — Hattie, 
 born Oct. 15, 1872. Republican, and both members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. 
 
 FRAKK W^HALEY, farmer. Sec. 10; P. 0. Waupun; born April 10, 1845, in Wyoming 
 Co., N. Y.; son of Wm. and Sally A. Whaley, who came to Wisconsin when he was only 11 years of age, 
 and settled in the town of Waupun. His fiither died April 5, 1878, aged 62 years, and his mother is now 
 living in Wyoming Co., N. Y. Frank was married, Oct. 11, 1865, to Emily Holden, who was born Sept. 
 30, 1845, in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y.; daughter of Chauncey and Almina Holden, who came to Wisconsin 
 in the spring of 1851, and settled in the town of Waupun, on Sec. 15, where they both died — Mrs. Hol- 
 den Oct. 277 1S58, and Mr. Holden July 20, 1877, aged 56— leaving three children— Mrs. Frank Wha- 
 ley, Mrs. L. E. Beardsley, and Florence E. Holden, who died Jan. 22, 1860. Mr. and Mrs. Whaley have 
 three children— Florence M., born Aug. 7, 1866 ; Leila F., Feb. 18, 1872, and George H., Nov. 9, 1875. 
 
WAUPUN TOWKSHIP. 961 
 
 Immediately after his marriage, Mr. Whaley went to Wyoming Co., N. Y. (where Florence M. was born), 
 and lived there three years ; then returned to Wisconsin, and has resided in the town of Waupun ever 
 since; bousht his present farm in October, 1872; has 160 acres, worth $8,000. Republican. 
 
 WARREN WHITING, former. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Waupun; born Oct. 12, 181(5, in Worcester 
 Co., Mass., son of Amos and Aley Whitina:, who removed to Erie Co., N. Y., when he was 3 years old, 
 and remained there till the death of Mr. Whitini?, which occurred in December, 1842. Warren Whiting 
 was married, Sept. 5, 1839, to Lorinda Keith, who was born' Dec. 19, 1816, in Madison Co., N. Y., 
 daughter of Lincoln and Submit Keith ; Mr. Keith is a native of Massachusetts, and Mrs. Keith of New 
 York; he came to Wisconsin in February, 184iJ73nd settled in the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co., 
 on Sec. 22; resided there nineteen years ; in January, 1865, he came to the town of Waupun, and has 
 resided on Sec. 9 since that time ; has now 280 acres of land, valued at $15,000, having divided up among 
 his children 356 acres, worth about $18,000. He has been a member of the Pree-Will Baptist Cliureh for 
 forty years, and in the ministry about thirty-eight years ; was Chairman of the Board of Super- 
 visors for three years in Springvale, and a number of years in Waupun ; was a member of the Assembly 
 in the Legislature of 1859 ; Elder Whiting was elected by the citizens of Waupun, Springvale, Alto and 
 Metomen, who were opposed to granting aid to the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac R. R. Co., to represent them 
 in the various \slt> suits which grew out of their opposition, and which lasted altogether about three years. 
 Has three children living — Lydia Sophia, now the widow of Arthur H. Sikes, who died May 6, 1878 ; 
 Ethan E., living on Sec. 10, Waupun, and Alice Emroy, now the wife of Hiram Chandler, living on the 
 homestead. In ])olitics, a Republican. 
 
 GEORGE F. WHEEIiER, member of the firm of Althouse, Wheeler & Co., manuflwturers 
 of windmills, pumps, etc., was born in New Haven, Vt., Dec. 23, 1824 ; son of Moses F. and Mary Ann 
 Wheeler; came to Wisconsin in the fall of 1853, and in the spring of 1854, located on a farm in the 
 town of Springvale, Fond du Lao Co., where he followed farming till Jan. 1, 1861, when he removed to 
 the city of Fond du Lac and assumed the duties of Sheriff of Fond du Lac Co., to which ofKce he had 
 been elected the previous November ; in the winter of 1853, after his term of ofiice expired, he returned 
 to his farm in Springvale and remained there till Jan. 1, 1870, when he removed to the then village of 
 Waujiun, where he has since resided. In the fall of 1863, he was elected to the State Senate and re-elecied 
 in 1865, being four years in the Senate, and was President pro tem. the last two years of the time ; in the 
 fall of 1869, he was elected State Prison Commissioner, holding that office till Jan. 1, 1874, when the 
 office was abolished and a Board of Directors appointed instead ; in the spring of 1874, he engaged in 
 business with M. J. Althouse and Capt. L. D. Hinckley, at Waupun, these three composing the firm of 
 Althouse, Wheeler & Co., which bu.siness connection continues to the present time. Was married, Dec. 
 26, 1849, at Leicester, Vt., to Sarah C., daughter of Parley and Sally Enos; has one daughter — Josephine 
 L. Mrs. Wheeler is a member of the Congregational Church. 
 
 IRA J. WILCOX, retired, Waupun ; born in Waupun, Wis., April 17, 1843 ; son of Seymour 
 Wilcox, who was from Vermont; he came to Green Bay about 18401 and to Waupun about 1841, and 
 was one with two others to make the first settlement here ; he kept a tavern in the early days, and built 
 the Exchange Hotel, and was the landlord there for about three years; he was a man of liberal spirit ; he 
 gave to the State the fine tract of land that the State Prison is erected upon ; he died in January, 1879, 
 at the age of 74. Ira J. Wilcox was the first white boy born in Waupun. Ira married, Oct. 9, 1864, 
 Angelina C. Middaugh, daughter of Dr. Middaugh, who was a prominent physician in Ithaca, N. Y., prac- 
 ticed medicine in that vicinity for twenty-five years ; he is now living in Minnesota at the age of 74. 
 
 OLIVER H. WOOD, retired farmer, Waupun; born March 25, 1806, in Essex Co., N. Y., 
 town of Ticonderoga ; removed to Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., in 1831, and lived there till the fall of 1849, 
 then came to Wiscon.sin and settled on Section 6, in the town of Waupun ; lived there six years, then sold 
 out and bought sixty acres in Section 27, where he lived another six years, then sold out again and bought 
 three acres in the village of Waupun, where he has since resided. Was married, Nov. 18, 1826, to Almina 
 Day, who was born Oct. 4, 1805, also in Ticonderoga, N. Y.; she died in Waupun April 9, 1879, leaving 
 eight children — Henry P. (in the mercantile business in Waupun), Orpha Malinda (now Mrs. David 
 Wing, of Waupun), Mai-y Jane (now Mrs. M. J. Althou.se, of the firm of Althouse, Wheeler & Co, Wau- 
 pun), Roena Elizabeth (wife of M. P. Althouse, of Freeborn Co., Minn.), George Wellington, lives in 
 Waupun, married Louisa Simpson, of the town of Le Roy, Dodge Co.; enlisted in August, 1864, in the 2d 
 W. V. C., and served one year), Lorenzo D. (lives in Nebraska ; he enlisted in Co. D, 3d W. V. I.; was 
 wounded at the battle of Antietam,and discharged for disability; afterward enlisted in the 32d W. V.I.,Co. 
 — •, and served till the close of the war ; was married to Eleanor Chandler, of Waupun, who died about a 
 year after marriage ,, Rufus A. lives in Waupun, and also Eleanor, now Mrs. Isaac Thompson ; lost one 
 
962 BIOGRAPHICAL SICRTCHES: 
 
 daughter, Victoria, who was born Oct. 8, 1839, and died in the 19th year of her age. Mr. Wood was mar- 
 ried the second time, Sept. 9, 1879, to Mrs. MeUssa L. Shattuck, whose maiden name was Farnsworth, and 
 who was born Jan. 12. 1820, in Hardwick, Vt. In politics. Republican. 
 
 H. i\ WOOI>, merchant; born in Essex Co., N. Y., July 2, 1829 ; son of 0. H. Wood, who is 
 a retired farmer and capitalist, living in the town of Waupun, and is 76 years of ase ; his wife, who was 
 Almina Day, died in April, 1879, at the a^e of 7G. Henry was engaged with M. J. Althouse seventeen 
 years ; w;is in partnership with Althouse af one time ; in 1877, he retired from business on account of ill 
 health ; he had been engaged to this time very successfully running and having entire charge of the gen- 
 eral store of M.J. Althouse, situated near the railroad track ; the sales one year were over $30,000; in 
 1879, he entered into copartnership with C. H. Meddins, and carried on an extensive business at the same 
 old stand nearly a year, when this partnership was dis.solved. Mr. Wood married, in 1856, Eliza A. Wood, 
 of New York State ; they have had three children — Ella, Delia and Harry. He has been two terms Trustee 
 of Waupun, and also Constable and Town Treasurer. He is a prominent member of the M. E. Church. 
 Janesville is troubled with cows in her streets; if Mr. Wood had lived in Janesville, the cows would have 
 tnken a back seat. 
 
 F. FERDIXAND ZIUIMERMANN, carriage manufacturer, Waupun ; born in Saxony, 
 Germany, Oct. 13, 1838; son of Ludwiij; Zimmermann, who was a soldier seven years in the old country ; 
 he was born June 19, 1800, and died May 24, 1878; the family came to New York City in September, 
 1841, and came to Milwaukee the same year; then went to Mequon, Ozaukee Co., Wis., and engaged in 
 farming; Mr. Frederick F. Zimmermann learned his trade in Milwaukee when.l7 years old, then went to 
 Mequon, then to Chicaso, and afterward to Burlington, Wis., and, iu the spring of 1859, came to Waupun, 
 worked seven years at his trade, and in 1866, commenced business on his own account, and has carried on 
 a succes.sful and constantly increasing business; his work is well known, and justly celebrated throughout 
 the surrounding country ; his wagons are noted for their durability and workmanlike finish ; his sales are 
 not confined to the immediate neighborhood, but he ships largely to other States ; he also manufactures 
 buggies, sleighs and cutters, of all kinds. Mr. Zimmermann married, in 1862, Ernestine Seigel ; they are 
 the parents of seven children— Ida V., born March 29, 1863; Emma M., born July 13, 1865; Flora A., 
 born May 16, 1868; Louis E., born April 3, 1871; Alfred A. born March 12, 1874; Clara A., born 
 April 27, 1876; Oscar E., born Sept. 16, 1878. Mr. Zimmermann has been on the School Board, and 
 also School Clerk many times, and also a member of the Village Board; is a member of the Society of 
 Odd Fellows, has taken all the degrees ; is also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen ; his 
 mothre is living with him, at the good old age of 74. Mr. Zimmermann is eminently a self-made man. 
 
 AUBURN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 OWEN BAXNON, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. New Cassel ; born in County Louth, Ireland, in 
 1806 ; came to America in 1834, and worked sixteen years as a laborer in Dutchess Co., N. Y. Married, 
 in 1849, Miss Hose Hoy, of his native county, who came to America in 1847. In May, 1850, Mr. B. 
 came to Auburn and bought 160 acres of his present farm ; of this only ten acres were poorly cleared, on 
 which was a floorless and doorless log house; holes were cut for doors and windows, and blankets hung 
 therein, which seemed a slight protection against the bears that used to be neighborly, so much so as to 
 occasionally "borrow" a pig of him; Mr. B. has seen much of pioneer life, and, as a result of his chop- 
 ping, breaking and planning, he has 440 acres, mostly improved, and a cozy biick farmhouse in place of 
 the early settlers' log house. Michael, his elder son, was born Jan. 28, 1850 ; he grew to manhood on 
 the farm ; was a student at Milton College, and a graduate of Notre Dame College , a young man of more 
 than ordinary abilities; his de.ith on the lOtt of January, 1880, was a severe blow to a large circle of 
 admiring friends. James- the younger son, was born May 28, 1852, and was educated in the High School 
 in Fond du Lac, and the Northwestern College, Evanston, 111.; he married, Sept. 10, 1878, Miss Bertha 
 Husting, of New Cassel, by whom he has one son — Arnold J. The young couple are on the homestead, 
 and the entire ftmily members of the Roman Catholic Church ; politics. Democratic. 
 
 AlVDREW' DIERIXGER, farmer, Sec. 7; P. 0. Campbellsport ; born iu Germany Nov. 
 30, 1823 ; spent his early life, was educated and learned blacksmithiog, in the Fatherland ; came to Amer- 
 ica July 4, 1844, and .spent about ten years at blacksmithing and on the canals in Ohio ; in 1854, he set- 
 tled on a heavily timbered farm in Ashford, on Sec. ;!0 ; after seven years, he bought the Griffith saw-mill 
 
AUBURN TOWNSHIP. 963 
 
 and eighty acres of land with it; in 1868, he settled on his present farm of 240 acres, which is well 
 improved, he having built a 40x84-foot basement barn ; the public and private life of Mr. D. is beyond 
 rejiroach ; he first served two years as a Supervisor of Ashford, and was then its Chairman for ten years, 
 never flinching from duty through the dark and bloody war times, though his devotion to public interests 
 cost him a personal loss of at least S2,00U ; in 1865, and again 1869, he was chosen a member of the Wis- 
 consin Legislature, and has been twice Chairman of Auburn ; was the first President of the Ashford 
 Insurance Company, and in 1875, besides superintending his large farm, he had charge of the material 
 us. d in building an addition to the St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee. Married, in Ohio, Mi.«s Crecentia 
 Str.ibel, by whom he has eight children — Valentine, Frank X., Joseph, Mary, Andrew, Catherine, Philipp 
 and Thomas. Mr. D. is a Democrat, and, with his family, a Roman Catholic. 
 
 L.OITIS EIDE711L.L.ER, M. !>., New Cassel ; born March 3, 1851, in the city of New 
 York ; is of Prussian descent ; son of Nicholas and Elizabeth E., who left New York for Wisconsin in 
 1856, locating at Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co.; the subject of this sketch attained an excellent common- 
 school education, left the farm at fourteen, entered the Commonwealth oflSce, Fond du Lac, learned the 
 trade of printer and remained six years ; a partial fliilure of his health induced him to leave this and 
 enter the office of Drs. Gray & Wyatt, then, as now, considered among the leading Wisconsin physicians ; 
 after a course of study under them, he entered the Medical College of Ohio, one of the oldest and best in 
 America, graduating as physician and surgeon ; in 1874 began, and has since continued, an active prac- 
 tice in New Cassel. Married Miss Emma Maibuecher, April, 1874; they have one son — Edwin L., 
 born Nov. 10, 1876. The Doctor is a Democrat; is a member of Fond du Lac Lodge No. 112, I. 0. 0. 
 F. of the Hock River Medical Society ; was the organizer, and is now President of the New Cassel and 
 Campbellsport Literary Society, and is the founder and President of the Now Cassel Turnverein. Dr. 
 Eidemiller makes a specialty of surgery, and stands deservedly high in his profession, his practice extend- 
 ing through Fond du Lac and into Dodge, Washington and Sheboygan Cos.; ho is now building a 
 large residence on the modern plan to replace the one lost by fire a year ago, entailing upon him a loss of 
 all his books, pictures, instruments, furniture, etc. 
 
 F. 31. JFINDEISEX, merchant. New Cassel; born in Prussia Oct. 12, 1837 ; was educated in 
 the Fatherland and began mercantile life as clerk in the sugar refinery of J. Henize, one of the largest in 
 Germany ; came to America in 1862 ; clerked six months in Fond du Lac, then began business in New 
 Cassel. Married, in 1862, Mrs. Ernestina Brayman, who is a daughter of Ernest Schulten, who came 
 from Prussia to America in 1855, with his family ; in 1858, Ernestina married Emil Brayman, who died 
 in 1860, leaving two children — Ernest and Emelie; and a daughter, Helen, by a former marriage — Mr. 
 and Mrs. FuedeLsen have one daughter — Ernestina. Mr. F. began business in the old store of Mr. Bray- 
 man, which still stands beside the large and handsome store built by Mr. F. in 1874, at which time he 
 built the only elevator in Campbellsport ; making a small beginning in New Cassel, Mr. F. has constantly 
 increased his business ; carries a general stock of all goods required to meet his trade, besides buying 
 largely of farm produce; has bought on the average, during the past six years, 80,000 bushels of grain, 
 and 100,000 pounds of pork, besides 10,000 pounds of poultry; he also owns eight village lots. Mrs. M. 
 Krombs, widow of Louis Krembs, with Miss Charlotte Schulten, both sisters of Sirs. Findeisen, have for 
 ten years past kept the only stock of millinery in the village, in a large room adjoining the store. Mr. 
 Findeisen and family are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 W. R. EOLjTS, veterinary surgeon. New Cassel; born June 11, 1833, in Onondaga Co., N. 
 Y., where he spent his early life, and learned blacksmithing of his father. Married, in 1852, Miss Mar- 
 garet Tafi'ney, of that county. Came to Wisconsin and to New Cassel in 1855 ; it was Crouchville then, 
 and there were only two horse teams in the vicinity, but he opened a shop and grew up with the country, 
 increasing his business, and sold out in six years ; has since devoted himself to his profession, which he 
 began studying when 18 years of age ; as an evidence of his success, we may state that he has built 
 a large and tasteful residence, a barn 38x46, with an L addition 100 feet in length ; here, he for three 
 years kept a livery stable ; about fifteen years ago. Dr. Folts opened a drug-store, where ho has also a 
 pleasant office ; he is the manufacturer of Dr. Folts' Domestic Liniment, Blood and Condition Powders, 
 ■which have won testimonials from the entire Northwest, and are considered standard remedies. Dr. F. 
 enlisted, Sept. 1, 1864, in the 14th W. V. C, and after three months was commissioned Regimental Far- 
 rier ; was with his regiment in various States, and at the capture of Mobile and the forts. Mr. and 3Irs. 
 Folts have two sons — Dempster and Eugene. Politics Republican. 
 
 €. D. GAGE, farmer. Sec. 28; P. 0. Kewaskum ; born in Onondaga Co., N. Y,. Feb. 11, 1825; spent 
 his early life and was educated in his native county, and, in 1843, made a brief visit to Milwaukee, visit- 
 ing both Milwaukee and Waukesha Cos. in 1845; lived in Waukesha Co. from May, 1847, until March, 
 
964 BIOGRAPHICAL SIOITCHES: 
 
 1848, when he bought and settled upon forty acres of his present farm ; the whole country was a wilder- 
 ness, his nearest neighbor, A. Wheeler, living two and one-half miles distant; he had footed it from Wauke- 
 sha Co. in February previous, and built a log shanty, which was without a window for six months, and 
 provided with a puncheon floor and trough roof; one course of troughs were laid with the hollow sitfe 
 up, and the spaces between them covered with others laid with the rounding side uppermost ; this must 
 have offered a striking contrast to the spacious and elegant residence built in it« stead ; Mr. Gage saw more 
 than liis share of frontier hardships, as he had contracted the ague in Waukesha, and shook with it for 
 eleven long weeks, his family not seeing a neighbor during that time, and living one week on potatoes and 
 salt alone ; he relates that when they made their first visit to Mr. Wheeler, he carried his wife across the 
 Middle Branch on his back ; Mr. Gage was the first Town Treasurer after the division of Ashford and 
 Auburn; served three years, and, in 1852, was elected Chairman, and that fall to the Legislature; 
 re-elected Chairman in 1853, he served many successive years, and was again elected to the Legislature in 
 1867; took an active part as a member of the "Third House," in the great "Dells" controversy in 
 1871. Is a Democrat, and a member of the West End Lodge A., F. & A. M., and the Kewaskum 
 Lodge, I. 0. 0. F. Married, Dec. 31, 1846, Miss Mercy Hosier, of Onondaga Co., N. Y., who died in 
 April, 1871, leaving six children — Fanny L., Rosier N., Floyd B., Florence M., Carrie A., and Russel G.; 
 on the 28th of June, 1874, he married Miss Mary O. Hale, of Onondaga Co., N. Y. Mr. G. owns 280 
 acres, with the best of buildings. 
 
 IRA liUCE, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Kewaskum ; born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., Aug. 21, 1829 ; 
 was educated in his native State and lived on his father's farm until 1847, when he spent the summer in 
 Racine Co., Wis.; reaching Auburn in the fall of 1847, bought his farm of eighty acres of a Mr. Fields, 
 at $1.25 per acre, it then being a part of the surrounding wilderness crossed by Indian trails; the road 
 past his farm was not cut through till the next year. He married in February, 1841), Miss Frances 
 Wheeler, daughter of Alanson W., one of the pioneers of 1846 ; after the wedding, Mr. Luce built a log 
 shanty, roofed with basswood troughs which he dug out ; the furniture was made by him of trees cut on 
 his own land ; he earned his first team by chopping fourteen acres for C. D. Gage, and his first cow by 
 working out during the harvest of 1849 ; as a reward for the discomforts then endured, he has an improved 
 farm and good buildings. Mr. Luce is a Republican, and is now serving his fifth term as Supervisor. 
 
 KEV. FATHER A. MICHELS, Pastor of St. Mathew's Catholic Church, New Cassel, 
 the Dundee Mission and Spiritual Director of tiie St. Joseph's Convent, New Cassel ; born in 1840, in Prus- 
 sia; was educated in the Fatherland as teacher ; came to America in 1857, and resided for a time in Ozau- 
 kee Co., Wis.; entering St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, in 1860, he pursued his studies there until 
 1868, when he was ordained by Archbishop Henni ; was then for a few months Assistant Priest in St. 
 Joseph's, Milwaukee, then had charge of three congregations in succession, up to the year 1871 ; was then 
 called to teach in the Normal School, St. Francis, where he remained about a year and a half, taking his 
 present charge in 1873. 
 
 WILLIAM POOL, of Pool & Harter, merchant and Postmaster, New Cassel ; born in the 
 town of Spring Prairie, Walworth Co., Wis., April 10, 1846; is a son of William and Mary Pool, who 
 came to Auburn in September, 1846, Mr. Pool buying Government land, which is still his homestead; his 
 eldest son, the subject of this sketch, was educated in the county and was on the farm until 1867. when 
 he entered the store of 0. L. Helmer, and clerked until 1869, when he bought an interest in the firm of 
 W. Pool & Co., doing business one year; Messrs. Pool & Weiss then bought the stock and store, continu- 
 ing the business until June, 1875, when Mr. J. B. Harter bought the interest of Mr. W.; the firm are 
 doing and have done a good and satisfactory business, carrying a complete stock to meet a general trade, 
 besides dealing in farm implements. ■ Mr Pool married Sept. 3, 1877, Miss Mattie L. Angell, a native and 
 resident of Atlanta, Logan Co., 111.; they have lost an infant daughter. Mr. Pool is an outspoken Repub- 
 lican and a meaiber of the New Cassel Lodge, G. T. 
 
 B. D. ROJIAIN, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. New Pro?pect ; born in Bergen Co., N. J., March 23, 
 1843; came to Fond du Lac in 1849 with his parents, Benjamin and Charity Romain, who had eight 
 children — Gerret, Rachel A., Ralph, Elizabeth J., iMary E., Edward W., Barney D. and Benjamin D.; 
 after the settlement of the family in Auburn, 1850, Barney attended school in the old log schoolhouse, 
 since replaced by the two-story structure where his children attend ; he settled on his present farm of ninety- 
 five acres in 1866, when all but ten acres were a forest, living, working and prospering in a shake-roofed 
 log shanty for years; this is superseded by a tastful farmhouse, and the farm is under cultivation, a record 
 which needs no eulogy. Married, in 1864, Miss Elizabeth Roberts, a native of London, England, she 
 coming with her parents to America and to Auburn when a child; Mr. and Mrs. R. have five children — 
 George M., Clara E , Laura A., Edward R. and Mary E. Politics, Republican ; and a member of Wickes 
 Lodge, I. 0. O. F. 
 
AUBURN TOWNSHir. 965 
 
 RALPH ROJIAIX, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. New Prospect; born in Bersien Co., N. J., Dec. 6, 
 
 1833; son of Benjamin and Charity R., who came to Auburn in the spring of 1850, and settled on the 
 farm now owned by the father, '' Uncle Ben" Romain; is a native of Bergen Co., N. J., and served with 
 Gen. Scott through the campaign, from Vera Cruz to the Aztec capital; after his settlement in Wisconsin, 
 he made his hou.se a home for all the "Jersey" settlers who came afterward; a carpenter by trade, he 
 built nearly all the houses and barns in the vicinity besides the schoolhouse and saw-mill. His wife was 
 Miss Charity Hopper, of New York City, they spending the winter of 1849-50 in Fond du Lac, where 
 Ralph attended school. He married Miss Mary A., daughter of Norman Cisco, of Niagara Co., N. Y., 
 and settled on his present form of eighty acres in 1857. At this time a few acres had been cleared and a 
 small frame house built, which he now uses as a shop, he having improved his farm and built a pleasant 
 residence. Mr. Romain is a Republican, and is now serving his second term as Supervisor; none of the 
 substantial farmers of Auburn have made a better record ; besides his farming operations, he has followed 
 thrashing almost constantly since 1857, when he and his eldest brother, Gerret, bought their first machine ; 
 Mr. and Mrs. Romain have eight children — Walter G., Charles E., Benjamin G., Lydia A., Ralph, Char- 
 ity A., Anna E. and Gerret A. Mr. R. was a charter member of Wickes Lodge, L 0. 0. F. 
 
 CHARLES J. SUCKOW, miller and Po.stmaster, New Prospect; born in Ozaukee Co., 
 Wis., 1848 ; his parents removing to Sheboygan Co., he learned the miller's trade and lived there until he 
 was 17, then went to Crawford Co., Wis., then went to Missouri and remained three and one-half years, 
 then made an extended trij) through Kansas, the Indian Territory, Texas, Mexico and Colorado ; return- 
 ing from Denver to Wisconsin, he spent about a year in the Plymouth mill, and in January, 1875, in 
 company with William Ecke, he bought the farm and mills of Gerret Romain ; Mr. Eberhardt bought out 
 Mr. Ecke, in 1877, constituting the present firm of Suckow & Eberhardt, Mr. S. being in sole control, 
 as Mr. E. is a Sheboygan Co. farmer ; Mr. Suckow rebuilt his saw-mill several years ago, and has added 
 two large basement barns to his buildings. Is a Republican, and was made Postmaster in 1879, and wa.s 
 a Supervisor in 1877. Married Miss Lillie Eberhardt, a daughter of his partner ; they have three chil- 
 dren — Otto, Gustie and a babe ; the family are Lutherans. 
 
 J. S. TIIOMPSOX, i'arm and saw-mill, New Cassel ; born in the town of Peru, Berkshire 
 Co., Mass, Oct. 3, 1823; was educated in his native county, and, at 21, left for Wilmington, Del., where 
 he learned daguerreotyping. In October, 1847, he landed at Milwaukee, Wis., and, the next November, 
 entered a half-section of land on Sees. 14 and 21, using the first Mexican land warrants in the town of 
 Auburn ; during his residence here he taught several terms of school ; after four or five years, he began 
 and continued for eight years a mercantile business in Kewaskum ; then building a saw-mill in the village; 
 selling this in 1867, he bought his present farm of 160 acres, of which twenty-five were cleared, and on 
 which were only log buildings; has added fifty-five acres to the clearing, and, in 1870, built a tasty and 
 substantial brick residence; has operated the only saw-mill in New Cassel since he built it in 1867. His 
 first wife, Miss Rebecca Smith, whom he married in Washington Co. July 3, 1851, died April 4, 1855, 
 leaving him one daughter — Ellen, who will soon graduate from the State Normal School of Minnesota ; 
 in 1856, he married Miss Lenora F. Williams; they have had eight children — A. Dell, Elma L., Harlan 
 J., Loren D. (deceased), Eudora, Leslie A., Lillie M. and Merril W. In politics, a stalwart Republican; 
 Mr. T. was Town Clerk in the Democratic town of Auburn two years and has served many years as Justice . 
 of the Peace. Is an able and influential temperance worker and a man who enjoys the esteem of all. 
 
 RALPH TICK, farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. New Prospect ; born in Passaic Co., N. J., March 17, 
 1825. Married Miss Mary McGee, who was also born and bred in that county, they coming to Auburn 
 in August, 1855, and buying eighty acres, which was as the hand of nature left it. While Mr. Tice was 
 building a log house, they made their home with Uncle Ben Romain ; clearing five acres that year, Mr. 
 Tice sowed fall wheat, and, though the roads were Indian trails, and Cascade the nearest mill, he prospered, 
 and now owns 105 acres, and has exchanged his pioneer quarters for a pleasant farmhouse, built in 1869 ; 
 has a large basement barn and all needed stock and implements. Is in politics Democratic. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Tice have ten children — Sarah, John, Nelson, Louisa, Ralph, Leah N., George W., Benjamin, Maria and 
 Francis E.; Sarah is the widow of J. P. Van Blarcom ; John married Amelia Bell, of Eldorado, and has 
 a farm near the homestead. 
 
 LEWIS VAN BLARC0.1I, fitrmcr, Sees. 2 and 11 ; P. 0. New Prospect; born in Bergen 
 Co., N. J., on Christmas, 1829 ; son of Peter and Hannah Van B., who were farmers of that State; at 
 20, Lewis went to New York City, remaining until 1855. Married, Dec. 27, 1849, Miss Leah Ann, only 
 child of John P. and Maria Post, of Bergen Co., N. J., where she was born on St. Valentine's Day, 1830 ; 
 Mr. and Mrs. Post removed to New York City in 1836, and here Mrs. Van Blarcom was educated. In 
 jNIay, 1855, both families settled on eighty acres of the homestead, of which eight had been cleared and a 
 
966 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 los house built; as a result of the hibors of Messrs. Post and Van Blarcom, the farm contains 340 acres 
 and all needed barns, implements and stock, the log house having been superseded by a substantial and 
 tasteful residence in 1858 ; Mr. Post died May 8, 1871, followed by his wife Sept, 14, 1872. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Van Blarcom have had seven children — John P. (deceased), Avery E,., Hanna M., Peter (>., Anna 
 L., Lewis B. and Celia E.; John P. married Miss Sarah C. Tice, of Auburn, and die<l in less than a year, 
 leaving his bride and widow a pleasant home. Mr. Post was Chairman of Town Board of Auburn many 
 years, and was, like Mr. Van Blarcom, a Democrat. 
 
 ASHFORD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ROBERT FRANKLIN ADAMS, deceased, former; born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., July 
 13, 1820 ; was educated in the Monroe Academy ; coming to Wisconsin, he taught school in the winter 
 of 1843, in Racine, Wis., and used to hear wolves howling in the outskirts of the then village; in 1844, 
 he bought a farm in Lynn, Walworth Co.; returning, he married, in Cayuga Co., N. Y., Miss Helen, 
 daughter of Stephen Dwindle ; she was a native of Cayuga Co., and was educated in Hamilton Academy; 
 they at once settled on the Walworth Co. farm, which they sold in January, 1847, coming with team and 
 sleigh to Ashford, then not named ; Mr. Adams bought 320 acres of high, dry, heavily timbered Govern- 
 ment land, the family living that summer in a slab shauty, at the same time building the first frame house 
 in the town ; this was sided with poplar, and finished inside with butternut, as pine lumber and saw-mills 
 were inacees.sible ; it is still a good home ; Mr. Adams cleared 129 acres, burning the timber and selling 
 hundreds of bushels of ashes in Crouchville, now New Cassel. He was a Whig and Republican, filling 
 with credit to himself the offices of Town Clerk, Assessor and Town Superintendent of Schools, he organ- 
 izing the school districts of Ashford, and was the unanimous nominee of the defeated " No License " party 
 for the State Legislature. In all respects a Ciiristian gentleman, his death, on the 16th of February, 18G1, 
 made a vacancy in the ranks of the pioneers that was keenly felt ; he was one of the founders of the New 
 Cassell Baptist Church, and was Deacon, Clerk and Sunday-School Superintendent; Mr. Adams left six 
 children — Judson F., born in Lynn ; Helen J., Jo.seph W., John E., Hester E. and Robert F., all except J. 
 F. born and now residing on the homestead. Judson married Miss Jennie Ingraham July 21, 1872; has 
 had three children— Myrtie M., F. W. (deceased) and Robert N. 
 
 JAMES ABEARD, farmer, Sec. 6; P. 0. Campbellsport ; born June 2, 1830, in Lincoln- 
 shire, England, whore he obtained his schooling, and lived until June, 1853, when he came to America; 
 began as a farm hand at Pittsford, N. Y., and, after his marriage to Miss Mary CafFrey, settled on a farm ; 
 they came to Ashford in 1863, he buying his farm of seventy acres; of this sixteen were cleared, the 
 remaipder heavy timber. Beginning in a log house, the labor and management of Mr. Ablard have 
 resulted in a well-improved farm, with all needed buildings, stock, tools, etc., and a large and handsome 
 residence, built in 1879. Mrs. Ablard died in March, 1864, leaving three children — Mary A., William 
 J. and George, who died Dec. 2, 1804. The present wife is a daughter of Chaunoy Thomas, and was 
 born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., marrying in Madison Co., N. Y., H. Haddock, who died in 1862 or 
 1863, she coming to Wisconsin in 1864. Mr. and Mrs. Ablard are members of the Byron M. E. Church. 
 In politics, Republican. 
 
 HENRY BARNETT, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Campbellsport; son of John H. Barnett, who 
 was born in Switzerland, and pressed into Napoleon's army when 18 ; taken prisoner at Waterloo, he, 
 after his release, emigrated to America and settled in Albany, N. Y., where he married Miss Lana, daughter 
 of William Scott ; his eldest son, our subject, was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., March 27, 1819, and came 
 from Lewis Co., N. Y., to Milwaukee, in 1846, with his family; leaving his family in Fox Lake, Mr. 
 Barnett cut the first track from the Byron openings to the unfinished shanty of Mr. L. Crouch ; returning, 
 he and his family, accompanied by J. L. Perry and family, arrived in June, 1846, at Crouch's, where 
 they lived until the next October, when Mr. Barnett pre-empted 160 acres of his present farm ; this was 
 the first claim made in Ashford Township, and his was the first family to settle here ; assisted by ('rouch 
 and Perry, he cut the first road to West Bend, then with an ox team he went to Milwaukee for provisions 
 and mill irons. On the 4th of July, 1845, Mrs. Barnett, Jlrs. Perry and Mrs. Everett (wife of the mill- 
 wright) raised a flag and held the first celebration, Crouchville receiving its name the same evening. Mr. 
 Barnett made the first assessment in Ashford, and, as a member of the first Board of Supervisors, laid out 
 most of its present roads, also those of Auburn ; he is now the oldest resident of either town, and was the 
 
ASHFORD TOWNSHIP. 967 
 
 second settler in Auburn ; in his house the first religious service was held by Rev. Mr. Sears. Mr. Barnett 
 married Miss Lana, daughter of Isaac Scolt, in 1839; they have had eleven children — Eli (deceased), 
 Jennie, William H., John G., Elizabeth, Matilda C., Seth G., Leah H., La Fayette (deceased), Julia M. 
 and Francelia; Jennie is now Mrs. J. P. Stevens, of Chicago ; William H. and John are in Iowa; Eliza- 
 beth is the wife of John Hendricks, of Ashford ; Matilda, now Mrs. F. Ribble, resides in Orleans, Neb.; 
 Seth is in Portland, Ore.; Leah M. is now Mrs. Wallace tioodsell, of Howard Lake, Minn.; Julia M. is 
 now Mrs. James Yanoy, of Lewis Co., N. Y., and Francelia is with her parents. The family are Baptists. 
 Mr. Barnett has 240 acres, a large basement barn, and a handsome modern farm residence, built in 1863, 
 and has IGO acres in Iowa. In politics. Republican. 
 
 WOIiCOTT BIXBY, flirmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Campbellsport ; born in Palatine, N. Y., Feb. 
 5, 1822; when 11 years old, he accompanied his parents to Ashtabula Co., Ohio, where he received his 
 schooling; in September, 1846, he settled in Crouch ville ; a carpenter by trade, he built the first frame- 
 house in the town of Ashford for R. P. Adams ; he found only one house between West Bend and L. 
 Crouch's shanty ; the roads at this time were merely tracks through the woods ; the settlers at this time 
 were Mes.srs. Crouch, Barnett, Crownhast, Perry, Hull and Helmer. Mr. Bixby built the first frame barn 
 in Auburn in 1849, afterward building for the same man, Mr. Hill, a house and blacksmith-shop ; about 
 all the settlers in both towns were required to raise these ; he bought forty acres in Section 15, in 1847. 
 Married, in the spring of 1848, Miss Cornelia (llines, a native of Jericho, Chittenden Co., Vt., who, after 
 living in various parts of Vermont and New York, came to Kenosha, Wis., in 1845 ; they began life on 
 the forty acres of land, where they lived until 1864, when he settled on his present improved farm of 
 eighty-five acres. Mr. Bixby bought the first-named forty of the Government — cleared and added to it. 
 The young couple saw much of early hardships, as all provisions for a time came from Milwaukee ; lived 
 in a " shake " roofed shanty' ; went with ox teams, and sometimes on foot, to Fond du Lac for goods; lived 
 on bread and meat, and still maintain that they were good old times. Mr. Bixby is independent in politics, 
 a temperance man, a do-right in religion, and a good type of the'early York State settlers. Four sons have 
 blessed the union — Edgar, William, John and Daniel. 
 
 STUART CAMPBELL,, firmer. Sec. 11; P. O. Campbellsport; born in County London- 
 derry, Ireland, Sept. 4, 1817; in the spring of 1841, he came to America, and located in Orange Co., 
 N. Y., worked on Delaware & Hudson Canal; removed with his wife to Ashford, in 1850, and bought an 
 eighty-acre pre-emption claim ; four acres had been cleared and a log house built ; beginning with little, 
 Mr. G. did sturdy pioneer work, cleared and added to the eighty, and now has as a homestead, 200 acres 
 improved, several good barns, with stock, implements, etc.; he replaced the log house with a roomy and 
 tasteful residence in 1860; he also owns sixty-three acres on Sec. 13 (see history of Campbellsport). He 
 married, Sept. 30, 1848, Miss Julia M. Southard, who had lived and was married in Orange Co., N. Y., 
 but was born in Sullivan Co., N. Y.; they have eleven children — Sarah J., Nanov M., Charles C., Belle 
 A., James S., Robert J., Willie P., Lillie M., Eddie T., Libbie J. and Frank D.; of these Nancy, Belle 
 and James are in Fayette Co., Iowa. Mr. Campbell was a Whig and War Democrat; was several years 
 Supervisor, then Assessor. He was a generous giver in building the Campbellsport M. E. Church, of 
 which Mrs. C is a member ; their eldest daughter married R. E. Forsythe June 1, 1879; after a brief 
 honeymoon, the young couple started for a new home in Nebraska; while on the way, Blr. Forsythe fell 
 from the train at Burlington, Wis., June 18, and was instantly killed. 
 
 SYLVESTER CISCO, farmer. Sec. 12; born Sept. 21, 1823, in Rockland Co., N. J.; he 
 lived there until he was 19, then settled in Deer Park, Orange Co., N. Y.; during the next twelve years, he 
 was engaged on the Hudson and Delaware Rivers and the Delaware & Hudson Canal. Jlarried in Orange 
 Co. in 1848, Miss Sarah L. Southard, who was born in Sullivan Co., N. Y., but had lived in Orange since 
 she was an infant; in 1850, they came to Wisconsin in company with S. Campbell and wife. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Cisco spent the first year in Oakfield, the second in Ashford, then bought forty acres in Auburn, about 
 two acres of this were cleared, on which was a tumble-down log house; having paid his last shilling to 
 the man who brought them into the county, he now did real pioneer work with his ax, without a team or 
 means to get one ; he, with the aid of his true-hearted wife, rolled the logs together and burned them, 
 then in the unbroken soil planted corn with only a hoe — a hard beginning for the young couple whose only 
 capital was health and pluck ; Mr. C. says he did not receive a cent until he had been in the State eighteen 
 months ; keeping at it, he set out the best orchard in the county, added to his farm, built as good a house 
 as was then in Auburn, and in 1868, sold 100 acres here ; he then bought his homestead of 141 acres, 
 then rough, stony, stumpy land, which he has brought to a state of cultivation not excelled by any farm 
 in the county ; has six acres devoted to fruit and ornamental trees, shrubs, flowers, etc.; has added to the 
 buildings, now having a most elegant re.-^idence on the outskirts of the village ; he also owns 40 acres in 
 
968 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Auburn, 80 in Osceola, and 144 in Clay Co., Neb. Mr. and Mrs. Cisco have five children — Mahlon J., 
 Susan A., Stella, Willie E. and Leon ; M. J. and W. E. are in Nebraska, as is Stella, no\, Mrs. Aug. 
 Kissinger ; Susan A. is the wife of Elon Flint, of Minneapolis, Minn. Mr. C. is a Democrat, and a man 
 wno has made a record second to none as a man and citizen. Mrs. Cisco belongs to the New Cassel Bap- 
 tist Church. 
 
 JACOB DE(]}ENHARDT, proprietor of the Railroad House, Campbellsport ; born in 
 Kreis-MuUhausen, KuUstadt, Prussia, Sept. 6, 1832 ; was educated in the Fatherland, where he traveled 
 nine years for a firm, selling woolen goods ; came to America in 1857, locating in Grant Co., Wis., and 
 attending the Platteville school two winters; was two years in the European Hotel, Milwaukee, then trav- 
 eled a year, selling dry goods, notions, etc. He then married and .settled on a farm in Ashford, also a-^ting 
 as an insurance agent ; has owned and kept the R:iilroad House since May, 1874, having in connection a bar 
 and livery. Married Mrs. Regina Mauel, by whom he has three children — Regina, Michael and Heury ; 
 Mrs. D. was bora in Rhenish Ir'russia, in 1S2C>, her former husband, Bernhardt Mauel, leaving her at his 
 death with a si.xtyacre farm and four children — Anna, John, Frank and Margaret. The family are 
 Roman Catholics, and Mr. Degenhardt is a Democrat, having been Supervisor three years, and Assessor 
 the same length of time. 
 
 CHARIjES C. HANSOX, proprietor lumber-yard, Campbellsport; born in New Orleans, 
 La., May 16, lS3:i; his father, Christian H., was first mate of a Danish ship, and was accompanied by 
 his wife ; after the birth of Charles, they returned to Denmark, where he was educated ; after a six-months 
 service in the Danish Navy, he left in the spring of 1848, and followed the sea eight years on German, 
 English, Spanish and American merchantmen, vLsiting both East and West Indies, and nearly all the 
 African and South American ports. In 1856, he married Miss Julia O'KeeiTe in New Haven, Conn., and 
 settled in Fond du Lac; was in various kinds of business here until 1876, when he and Mr. P. J. Sausen 
 started the second lumber-yard in Campbellsport, they doing business until December 1879, when Mr. 
 Hanson bought out Mr. S.;*he now deals in in pine lumber, lath, shingles, moldings, pickets, doors, sash, 
 and cord-wood ; he also takes contracts for buildings. Is a member, with his wife, of the Catholic Church, 
 and a Democrat ; is now serving his second term as Justice of the Peace. 
 
 WILLIAM HAlTSMABf, M. D., Elmore; bom in Buffklo, N. Y., Dec. 9, 1854; he was 
 educated in the public .schools of St. Louis: began the study of medicine, 1869, with Dr. N. Senn, of 
 Ashford ; entering the Chicago Medical College, he graduated as physician and surgeon March 10, 1874, 
 and has since been in active practice in Elmore, where he has a most pleasant home, earned by his most 
 successful practice during this time ; though young, the Doctor is now President of the Rock River 
 Medical Society, which he joined in March, 1874, and has been an active member of the Wisconsin State 
 Medical Society since June. 1878 ; the Doctor is also a member of Kewaskum Lodge, No. 101, I. 0. O. 
 F., and, with his wife, of the Reformed Church of Elmore; married Miss Charlotte Fleischman, of Ash- 
 ford, in August, 1874 ; they have three children — ^Edward N., Elizabeth A. and Wm. P. Republican. 
 
 W. S. HENDRICKIS, farmer, Sec. 1; P. 0. Campbellsport; born in Juniata Co., Penn., 
 May 3, 1835. His parents, Andrew and Margaret Hendricks, removed to Milwaukee Co., Wis., 1847, 
 residing there four j'ears, then .settling on a form on Sec. 3, town of Ashford, where they spent the remain- 
 der of their days ; they had nine children — Jemima, Wm. S., Sarah, John A., Amelia, Mary and Oliver 
 are living; Isaac enlisted in Co. A, 14th W. V. I. and was shot and instantly killed before Vicksburg ; 
 Benjamin enlisted in Co. B, 35th W. V. I., and died in the service at Port Hudson, Miss. W. S. Hen- 
 dricks settled on his farm of 100 aci'es in 1856 ; of this about seven acres were improved, on which was a 
 log house ; as a result of sturdy work with his ax, he has cleared the remainder of heavy timber, and 
 made of it a good farm ; in 1873, he built a modern brick farm residence, the farm and buildings appear- 
 ing but little as they did in 1856 ; it is devoted to grain and stock. He married Miss Carrie A., daughter 
 of Wm. Peck, a pioneer of 1846, in Eden ; she was born in Woodbury, Conn., and is the mother of four 
 children— Flora M., Clarence W., Elmer E. and Frank G. Mr. Hendricks is an Independent Republican. 
 
 FREDERICK HUEBXER, farmer. Sec. 6 ; P. O. Ashford; born 1826, in Prussia, where 
 he was educated, was born and bred a farmer; came to America 1853, settled in Dodge Co., where he 
 married Othilie BusslafF, and bought a farm in 1854 ; this was covered with small timber, and without a 
 house Mr. H. built a log house, 18x26, and a log barn, 18x24; began the labor of clearing and breaking 
 the land, and, having built a large stone house, sold the farm and bought his present improved farm of 100 
 acres ; on this is a large and tasty house, basement, barn, etc. Mr. and Mrs. H. have four children — Frederick 
 Wm., August Carl, Samuel and Louisa. Religion, Lutheran ; politics, Democratic. Mr. Huebner came to 
 Wisconsin without money enough to buy an ax, but bought one with borrowed money, cleared timber at. 
 $5 per acre, worked on farms and in a saw-mill. Few men have done better than he. 
 
ASHFORD TOWNSHIP. 969 
 
 FRANK M. JOHNSON, agent and operator C. & N.-W. R. R., New Cassel ; born Nov. 1, 
 1853, in Kewaskum, Washington Co., Wis., his mother dying when he was a child, his father placed him 
 in the family of Saml. Riblet, Litchfield, Mich., where he was educated; when about 16 he entered a 
 store at Newaygo, Mich., and after two years returned to Wisconsin, working over two years as a carriage 
 painter in West Bend ; began railroad life by learning operating at Rushfield, Wis., and after obtaining a 
 thorough knowledge of the details of railroad business here, was appointed to his present position Sept. 15, 
 1873 ; is also agent for the American Express Co. ; when he first left the train here with his supplies, 
 there was not a railroad building of any kind in sight; establishing an ofiice for a day or so in the house 
 of Jacob Senft, he found some fencing belonging to the company, and with this built a rude shed, with two 
 compartments, using a dry-goods box for his desk ; here he did business until winter, when a depot build- 
 ing was built, which was struck by lightning and burned July 15, 1875, with all contents except the cash- 
 book, wiiich Mr. Johnson had in his house ; during the next six months, he did the business in the lumber 
 office of C. D. L. Meyers ; the present depot was built in December, 1875. He married, Oct. 20, 1874, Miss 
 Ella, daughter of Frank and Abigail Everly, by whom he has two children — Grac-ie N., and Willie R. 
 Mr. Johnson is a Republican, and- is now W. C. T. of New Cassel Lodge, I. 0. of G. T. He has a pleas- 
 ant home in the village, and about two acres adjoining the village plat known as the Lepper place. 
 
 FRANK KLECKER, flirmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Ashford; born in Austria in 1849 ; the family 
 came to America in 1854 ; his father, Frank Klecker, Sr., bought wild land on Sec. S, in Ashford ; five 
 acres of this was cleared, on which was a log house ; this family did good work at clearing the heavy tim- 
 ber and building ; sold this farm in 1865, and settled on their present farm of eighty acres ; on this Mr. 
 K. has built a tasteful home, and other .substantial buildings ; his mother died in June, 1878, his aged 
 father is still living with him. Married Miss Johanna Veilh, a daughter of Joseph Veith, in September, 
 1877 ; they have two children — Andrew Albert and Mary A. Mr. Klecker is independent in politics, 
 and votes for men that he trusts ; the family came to America with nothing, and their farm and home is 
 the reward of industry and good management. 
 
 li. C. KOHJLER, shoemaker and dealer, Campbellsport ; born in the town of Ashford, Aug. 
 27, 1856, his parents having settled on a farm here in 1854 ; after his schooling in this town, Lorenz, at 
 14, began learning his trade in Theresa ; spent two years there, and eight months in St. Killian ; was then 
 on the farm awhile, afterward in the town of Wayne, and some months in Chicago ; returning to Camp- 
 bellsport, he worked in the shops here nearly three years, and, in February, 1877, began business for 
 himself; has the only boot and shoe store in the village, and is doing a good busine.ss, as all goods sold 
 are of his own make, and warranted. Married Miss Mary Mischler Feb. 12, 1877, by whom he has a 
 son — John. Mr. and Krs. Kohler are Roman Catholics, he being Independent in politics. 
 
 WILIilAM LiENLINtr, merchant, Elmore; born in Prussia in 1844; was educated there, 
 and came to America in 1857 ; after two years spent in Wayne, Washington Co., he settled on a farm in 
 Ashford, where he lived until 1869, when he bought a farm in Lomira, which he sold in 1871, and opened 
 a saloon in Elmore ; has added a good stock of dry goods, groceries, hardware, tin and glassware, crockery, 
 notions, etc.; is doing well, as he has the only complete stock in the village. Married, in 1874, Miss Wil- 
 helmiua Goety, and has four children — Adelina, Albert, Bertha and Wilhelmina. Politics, Republican, 
 and a Lutheran in religion. 
 
 MORRIS F. LOOMIS, farmer, Sec. 1. ; P. O. New Cassel ; born in the town of Vienna, Oneida 
 Co., N. Y., April 19, 1824 ; his parents settling on an Onondaga Co. farm when he was a child ; he resided 
 there until the spring of 1847, when he bought eighty acres of Government land in Eden, having spent 
 the winter in Racine Co., Wis., where he and another man cut 500 cords of wood ; made his home with 
 A. and P. Odekirk, while he built a log house and did his clearing. In 1849, he married Miss Caroline 
 Raymond, of Auburn, and, in two or three years, settled on eighty acres. Sec. 7 of that town, which he 
 still owns ; this was as Mother Nature left it, they living in a log-house while he made his strong arm 
 and sharp as tell. Mrs. Loomis died March 11, 1864, leaving six children — Amelia M., Inez C, Florian 
 A., Frank, Irving W., and f]dwin P. In 1865, Mr. L. settled on his homestead of eighty acres; has 
 cleared both eighties and brought them to an excellent state of cultivation, built a pleasant house and 
 several large barns, and is, beside, the owner of an improved eighty in Osceola, and a .section of prairie 
 land in Barton Co., Kan., eighty of which is sown to wheat. In May, 1865, he married Emily J. Helmer, 
 of Lowville, Lewis Co., N. Y., by whom he has two children — C. Harvey, and George H. ; Mr. L. is an 
 old-time Whig Republican, and was one of the first three Justices elected in Eden, and is a good type of 
 the energetic pioneers of this county. 
 
 MATHEW McEVOY. former, Sec. 5; P. 0. Campbellsport; born in Queens Co., Ireland, 
 in 1817 ; came to America in 1840, locating in Dutchess Co., N. Y., where he married in 1844, Miss 
 
9T0 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Catherine Welch; they came to AshforJ in November, 1849, and bought forty acres of heavily timbered 
 land of which five had been cleared ; up to this time all travel had been over a track from the openings 
 to Crouchville, and the road past the McEvoy farm was not opened for two years ; the family 
 lived for a time in a rude shanty; then bought more land on which was a better habitation, but this was 
 burned with nearly their all — a hard blow — but the battle was begun again ; at Mayville, sixteen miles dis- 
 tant, was the nearest mill, and goods were all brought from Fond du Lac ; as the flimily were poor they 
 underwent many privations, and the result is Mr. McEvoy's good farm of 150 acres, several roomy barns, 
 with a large and tasteful farmhouse, which was built to replace the pioneer's log house — a good showing 
 for a man who began with forty acres of woods, and a few dollars ; Mr. and Mrs. McEvoy have three chil- 
 dren — James, Mary A. and Kichard H. James is a carpenter in Northern Wisconsin; Mary is married, 
 and a resident of Chilton; and Richard, who is on the homestead, was married Nov. 28, 1877, to Miss 
 Ann Slulvey, of Byron ; they have one son, Mathew F. In politics, they are Democrats ; in religion, 
 Roman Catholics. 
 
 THOMAS McCARTY, fitrmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Campbellsport ; born in County Leitrim, Ire- 
 land, in 1837, son of Michael and Ann McCarty, who emigrated to America in 1847, and lived at Provi- 
 dence, R. I., until 1853, when they came to Ashford, and settled on heavily timbered land, now the home- 
 stead ; few families did better or more successful work, the old couple peacefully ending their lives here. 
 Mr. McCarty owns 120 acres, well improved, has built a large, handsome residence in place of the log house 
 of early days, besides a large and convenient basement barn ; as a farmer and citizen none have done better. 
 He married, June 17, 1869, Miss Mary, daughter of George and Ann Lloyd, who emigrated from Ireland 
 to America in 1840; she was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., the family settling in Byron in 1849; five chil- 
 dren have blessed this union — Ann E., John A., George H., Thomas W. and Francis A. Mr. McCarty 
 is Independent in politics, and, with his wife, a Roman Catholic. 
 
 NICHOLAS REISEX WEBER, farmer. Sees. 5 and 8; P. 0. Ashford: born in Saxe 
 Coburg in 1819 ; was educated in the Fatherland, and with his wife came to America in 1850, they set- 
 tling on a small farm near Germantown, Wis.; after ten years he sold out and settled on forty acres on Sec. 
 10 in Ashford ; in 1867, he bought his present farm of 140 acres, this about half cleared and on it a log 
 house and a roofless log barn ; Mr. Reisenweber and his sons did good work, cleared the land of stumps, 
 etc., built a granary and barns, and an elegant brick farmhouse in 1876 ; this is a good showing for a man 
 who began §68 in debt on a twenty-acre farm, besides not knowing a word of English ; Mr. and Mrs. 
 Reisenweber have had eight children — William, Lizzie, wife of J. Jaeger, of Byron ; Caroline, wife of W. 
 Specht, of Santa Clara, Cal.; Kate, Frederick, Jacob (deceased), Louis and John. The family are 
 Lutherans ; father and sons are Independent Republicans, voting for men, not party. 
 
 JOEli X. McSCHOOLER, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P.'^ 0. Campbellsport ; born in Peterboro. 
 Madison Co., N. Y., April 19, 1822, son of J. W. and Abigail McSchooler ; he spent his early life and 
 was educated in his native town, going at 19 to Rome, N. Y.; he was engaged in the manufacture of brick 
 until October, 1846, when he came to Ashford aud bought 120 acres of Government land ; what is now 
 New Cassel was then a log shanty with a bark roof; he cut the first trail from here to his farm ; finding 
 the whole vicinity a wilderness crossed by only Indian trails, he went back to his wife, who stopped at South- 
 port, Wis., they going to Michigan and remaining until the fall of 1847 ; during this time, Harvey Cartes 
 had settled near by ; Mr. McSchooler and wife were two days driving a horse team from West Bend, they 
 riding the horses across deep streams, and leaving the wagon and goods till after the stream subsided ; they 
 lived for some time in a shanty, then built a log house, he doing pioneer work with his ax, burning timber 
 and selling ashes at 5 cents per bushel, trade, and hauling them three miles ; to add to their comfort he 
 was sick with ague the first summer, but they were young, strong, resolute and successful ; Mr. McSchooler 
 now has an excellent farm of 280 acres, a large and tasty residence, and a basement barn, 36x94 feet and 
 33 feet from sills to plates ; the bays filled from three floors ; as he began with almost nothing his record 
 is certainly good. He mariied Mi.ss Celeslia, daughter of Melancton and Sarah Brigham, April 16, 1845; 
 she was a native of Smithfield, N. Y.; they have five children — Sarah A., Myron M., Ida I., Justus N. 
 and Elwyn B. Mr. McSchooler and wife are Methodists ; he is an original Republican, and was in early 
 davs Trea.'iurer of Ashford and Auburn. 
 
 FREDERICK W. TAXXER, farmer. See. 1 1 ; P. 0. New Cassel ; born Jan. 4; 1823, in 
 the town of Brutus, Cayuga Co., N. Y.; here he spent his early life and was educated ; in 1844, he settled 
 in Lynn, Walworth Co., Wis., where he bought and soon sold a ftirm. He married, July 5, 1848, Miss 
 Helen M., daughter of James Duncan ; she was born and educated in New York City. After a fewyears 
 residence in ]Montgomery Co., N. Y., the family, in 1842, settled on a farm in Lynn. The old couple — 
 both well-known and respected pioneers — ended their lives here. In the fall of 1852, Mr. T. and 
 
OSCEOLA TOWNSHIP. 971 
 
 wife settled on a timbered fiirni in the north part of Ashford ; Mr. T. cleared forty acres, building 
 and living pioneer-fasbion in a log house ; after three of four years, be settled on bis present farm of eighty 
 acres, then partly cleared ; as a result of twenty-five years of care, labor and management, Mr. T. has an 
 improved farm, excellent orchard, barns, etc., replacing the log house of early days with a tasty brick 
 residence in ISlitJ. Mr. and Mrs. Tanner have two children — Warren B. and Mary A., having lost a 
 daughter. Mr. T. and family are members of the Baptist Church ; politics, Eepublican. 
 
 JOHN WENZEL, farmer, Sec 3 ; P. 0. Campbellsport ; born in Hesse -Darmstadt, in 1832 ; 
 in 1848, he accompanied his parents to Algeria, Africa, where he spent two years ; returning, he remained 
 in the Fatherland until he was 25, when, accompanied by his future wife. Miss Margaret Bader, he came 
 to America and to Wisconsin ; they reached Asbford with nothing but health and resolution to make a 
 home ; both hired out, he for a year at $100. The next year they married and began housekeeping in a 
 granary. Mr. Wenzel getting 812 per month the second year, tihen renting his present farm for three years ; 
 beginning $20 in debt, he has, in twenty-two years, earned a splendid 162-acre farm, on which he has 
 built a large and tasty residence, and a basement barn, 82x34 feet in size, and has all tools, etc., besides 
 grade short-horn cattle and Leicester grade sheep. He can now speak and read English, and is educating hia 
 children, having seycn living — John, Bena, Mary, Charlotce, Henry, William F. and George D. Politics, 
 Independent Republican ; has been Supervisor two years, and Assessor tour years. 
 
 OSCEOLA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 JOHSf and E. C. AIRHAKT, flirmers, Sec. 17 ; p. 0. Osceola ; John Airhart was born 
 in Alsace, France, July 24, 1790; when 16 years old, he joined Napoleon's army, served through the 
 German and Spanish campaigns, was captured by the English and held prisoner in Malaga six months ; 
 then enlisted with the English and served over three years with the garrison on the Island of Malta was 
 then sent into Canada, and fought during the war of 1S12 ; deserting the British at Plattsburg, he set- 
 tled in Albany Co., N. Y., where he married, Dec. 15, 181C, Miss Mary Killmer, who was born June 19, 
 1794, in Greenbush, Rensselaer Co.,N. Y.; about 1833, they left Albany Co. and settled in Rensselaer 
 Co., remaining until June, 1848, when the family settled on the Airhart homestead in Osceola ; bought 
 320 acres, part of which has been given to the heirs, the farm now containing 200 acres. For some time 
 the family lived in a rude shanty built by a Mr. Cole; there are five children living — Eveline, Mary M., 
 Edward C., Willam B. and Martha; they have lost four — Sarah, Dinah, Helen and John H. (who died in 
 the Union service at Duvall's Bluff, Ark., in 1864) ; Edward C, William B., John H., Helen and Martha, 
 and Mary M. (now ^Irs. Nathan Carey), all came to Wisconsin with the old folks, who are now doubtless the 
 oldest married couple in the county. Edward C. was born in Albany Co. N. Y., March 16, 1828, and 
 married, Dec. 25, 1851, Miss Sarah J., eldest daughter of Aaron Walters, of Eden, she leaving at her 
 death, June 14, 1867, one daughter — Helen E. (now Mrs. A. R. Pasenger, of Watson, Lewis Co., N. Y^). 
 On the 30th of April, 1868, he married Miss Mary E., daughter of E. R. Tripp, who came from Oneida 
 Co., N. Y., to Walworth Co., Wis., in 1854, and settled in Fond du Lac Co. in 1862 ; his wife was Sarah 
 E. Bartlett, and both are dead. Mr. and Mrs. Airhart have two daughters — Edith M. and Mary E. 
 Father and son are Republicans, E. C. having served as Supervisor and Chairman. 
 
 CALiVIN H. ALiLElV, farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. O. Waucousta ; was born in Ashland Co., Ohio, 
 Oct. 19, 1835 ; son of Capt. Silas Allen, who led a restless life, sailing for many years on Lake Michigan 
 and the other great lakes; in 1847, he bought 400 acres of Government land in Osceola, on which he 
 settled with his family in May, 1848 ; having but little means, the family saw much of pioneer privation 
 and hardships ; after making a good farm and home of this wild land, Capt. A. sold it and removed to St. 
 Joseph, Mich., where he died Jan. 12, 1872 ; a strong, earnest and true man, he was missed by scores of 
 warm friends. C. H. Allen settled on his farm of eighty acres in 1857 ; of his first forty only eight had 
 been cleared and broken ; beginning with almost nothing, he built a shanty and kept "bachelor's hall " 
 about three years; Mr. Allen has reclaimed his land and made a most pleasant home. He married, March 
 22, 1860, Miss Sarah, daughter of James Yapp ; she was born in Worcestershire, England, coming to 
 America in 1851, and residing in Fond du Lac until her marriage ; they have one son — Leonard J., born 
 May 31, 1868. Both Mr. and Mrs. A. are supporters of Christianity, she being an Episcopalian. Mr. 
 A. is, like his father, a Democrat. 
 
972 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JACOB ARimOXD, merchant, Dundee; born Oct. 12, 1840, in Germany; his mother died 
 the next July, and, in 1844, his father came to America ; Jacob came with his grandfather in 1851, 
 and joined his father in Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., and learned the mason's trade of him ; after three 
 years, lie went to Tayoheedah, and, when he lefi there, entered the paint store of James Edwards, Fond 
 du Lac, going from there to a hardware store ; in August, 1863, he went to California via the isthmus, 
 and the second year opened a store in San Francisco, returning to Wisconsin, via the Nicaragua route, in 
 February, 18t5() ; in May, 18G6, he bought the store and stock of A. Larsdt, Dundee; did business in 
 the old stand three years; then built his large two-story store, which is 24x66 feet in size, and well fitted 
 up ; here he has the post office, as deputy, and carries a large and complete stock, the only one in Dundee; 
 keeps any and every thing to meet a country trade, including drugs, medicines, notions, etc., besides farm- 
 ing implements. Married, in 1866, Miss Mary Deweis, of Fond du Lac, and has two children — Gudula 
 C. and Edward J. Mr. Arimond is a Democrat, and a Roman Catholic, with his wife, who was born in 
 Germany, and settled in Fond du Lao in 1855. 
 
 AJ^HER ARMSTRONG, farmer, Sec. 2; P. O. Armstrong's Corners ; born in Hoosic, Rens- 
 selaer Co. N. Y., June 17, 1821 ; was educated there, and married Miss Adelia Harris; made a visit to 
 Wisconsin in 1847, and, in 1849, settled on a fann near the McCullough Schoolhouse, in Auburn ; in 1851, 
 he exchanged with Mr. Bates, and settled on his present farm of 200 acres; of this, perliaps six were 
 cleared, on which was a log shanty ; since his settlement, the crossing of the road .south of his house has 
 been called Armstrong's Corners, and the post office was established here in his house in 1854 or 1855 ; it 
 was soon transferred to the house of S. P. Armstrong, where it was kept until 1872, when the brothers 
 left their farms, and Mr. Stannard, who still serves, was appointed; he rented Mr. Asher A.'s farm, and 
 began keeping the office in his house, where it is still kept. Asher A. took a position under Mr. Wheeler in 
 the State Prison, where he served until 1874 ; was then a year in business iu Fond du Lac, returning to 
 his farm in 1875 ; in lS78, he built a cheese factory and store, which burned New Year's Day, 1880 ; 
 Mr. A. has nearly completed a large two-story building, which he will fit up in the best manner for a 
 cheese factory, and one large room for a store ; the upper story will be a public hall, 34x20.} feet in size ; 
 his factory was and will be a complete success in spite of rival factories. In the fall of 1851, his vote, 
 with three others, were the only ones cast for the Free Soil ticket in a town which afterward gave a 
 Republican majority of forty ; his first vote, in 1844, was for Mr. Bisney. Mr. A. has been Town Treas- 
 urer, Supervisor and Superintendent of Schools, and received a vote of thanks from his town for his 
 able settlement of a dispute between Osceola and Eden in 1851, he settling with Messrs. William Stuart 
 and Carr, of Eden ; he has also served with credit as Clerk of the County Board, Deputy fjnited States 
 Assessor, Sergeant-at-Arms in the Wisconsin Assembly iu 1860-61, and took the United States census of 
 1870 in his district, as Deputy Marshal. Mrs. Armstrong died in 1867, leaving sis children — Harper 
 (deceased), Mary, Sarah, Van H., Jay P. and Ida. In 1870, he married Mrs. Sarah Odekirk, by whom 
 he has two daughters — Hattie and Lucy Hayes. As a religionist, Mr. A. believes in doing his whole duty. 
 
 O. F. BROKMEYER, proprietor of the Dundee Hotel, Osceola; born March 25, 1845, in 
 Prussia; came to America in 1861, and worked a year in a pail factory at Two Rivers, Wis.: was two' 
 years in Fond du Lac and eighteen months in the iron region of Lake Superior ; he then made a year's 
 visit to the Fatherland ; returned, and opened a store in Elmore, where he was the first Postmaster; after 
 two years here, he sold out, and bought the Dundee Hotel April 4, 1870 ; it is the only public house 
 in the village, and he has more than doubled it in size, added good stabling, ice-house, etc.; has also the 
 only livery and bar in the place. Married at West Bend, Wis., July 4, 1866, Miss Catherine Lenn, a 
 native of Switzerland, by whom he has four children — William, Caroline, Anna and Kate. Mr. Brok- 
 meyer is a public-spirited and genial landlord, and a liberal giver to the local churches ; was also the 
 originator of the Dundee Stock Fair of June, 1870. Politics, a Democrat. 
 
 I>ANIEI.< CAVANAGH, fiu-mer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Osceola; born in Dingle, County Kerry, 
 Ireland, Feb. 2, 1831 ; is a son of James and Ellen Cavanagh, who emigrated to America in 1834, stop- 
 ping a short time in Bangor, Me., then settling in Waltham, Mass., where Daniel received his schooling ; 
 the family settled on a farm in Washington Co., Wis., in 1842, remaining until April, 1849, when they 
 settled on Government land on Sec. 3, Osceola, being the second Irish family to locate here. The subject 
 of this sketch continued his studies in Wisconsin, living on the homestead until 1869, when he bought 
 his farm of 220 acres ; his mother died in September, 1853, and his father in January, 1868 ; Mr. Cava- 
 nagh has proved himself a capable farmer, having built a basement barn 46x71 feet, with twenty-two foot 
 posts, and a handsome square, two-story residence; has also brought 135 acres of his farm to a good state 
 of improvement. In politics, a Democrat ; Mr. Cavanagh was elected in 1861 Town Treasurer ; then 
 followed his election as Chairman of Osceola from 1864 to 1877, with the exception of three years ; in 
 
NEW CASSEL. 
 
OSCEOLA TOWNSHIP. 975 
 
 1869, he was elected to the Wisconsin Assembly, and to the State Senate in 1875. He married Miss 
 Margaret, daughter of Henry Hardgrove, one of the Irish pioneers of Forest, on the 20th of February, 
 1854, they having seven children — Ella, Mary, James T., Daniel, Anna, Henry and Jennie ; Mary is the 
 wife of E. H. Lyons, of Osceola. Mr. Cavanaah and family are Roman Catholics. 
 
 CHARI^iES COOPER, farmer. Sec. 6; P. 0. Osceola; born Oct. 17, 1808, in Lanarkshire, 
 Scotland, where he married, in 1838, Miss Mary Inglis, a native of that shire; they came with three 
 children — Elizabeth, Charles and Mary — to America, reaching the Cooper homestead in October, 1819, 
 with a team hired in Milwaukee. Fond du Lac then had but two stores. Mr. Cooper bought the farm 
 of W. Nobles, ajid was the second Scotchman to settle in the town of Osceola. The lumber for the floor 
 of his log house was hauled from Sheboygan, and it was roofed with poplar troughs. Roads were poor 
 and without bridges — Mr. Cooper going often to Plymouth to mill when there was only flour enough for a 
 single baking in the house ; all his teaming and breaking was with oxen, and he did good work as a pio- 
 neer ; died Sept. 22, 187(5. Elizabeth is Mrs. Horace Eels, of Waupun Township; Mary is Mrs. J. B. 
 Tripp, of Fond du Lac; Charles was born June 3, 1813, and did his share in improving the farm, which 
 he now owns, with its excellent barns and spacious house, which has replaced the log house of old times ; 
 the farm is 160 acres; on the 17th of July, 1879, he married Miss Sophia Yokeum, of Auburn. The 
 family are Presbyterians, and Mr. Cooper a Republican. 
 
 JOH9f ^jrRAHAiH, farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Osceola; born in the city of Carlisle, Cumberland, 
 England, Slaroh 28, 1821 ; came to America with his parents in 1836, both he and his father taking an 
 active part in the patriots' outbreak in 1837, narrowly escaping the vengeance of the British, and settling 
 in Albany, N. Y.; then going to New York City, where John Graham resided three years, then locating 
 in Geneva, N. Y., where he worked three years for T. B. Burrell ; in September, 1811, he reached Jlil- 
 waukee, and, during the next two years, was engaged in chopping in the woods south of the then village ; 
 was joined here the second year by his wife, he having narried Miss Louisa Legare, they then settling 
 among the openings of Dodge Co., living in a bark-roofed shanty floored with basswood slabs ; on the 10th 
 of January, 1848, they settled on Government land on Sec. 17, town of Osceola, building the first house 
 in the town, all other buildings being shanties; for doors and windows they used blankets, and, when 
 Mrs. Graham was alone at night, with a pack of ravenous wolves howling on either side of the house, we 
 may well excuse her fright. The oldest son, Byron, was born here on the 11th of March, 1819, and 
 theirs was the first white child born in the town ; the other living children are Caroline, Agnes, Josephine 
 and Garrie; Caroline is the wife of Allen Pulling, of Greenbush, Wis.; Agnes is Mrs. Noble Adams,, of 
 Fayette Co., Iowa; Josephine resides in Menominee Falls, Wis., and Garrie is a teacher in Rosendale ; 
 Byron married Miss Catherine Roltgen, and is now on the homestead. John Graham began in this town 
 with 18 cents in his pocket, his family doing without a floor or a stove the first fall, and living on corn- 
 meal ground in a coffee-mill, destitute of butter, pork or milk, and using an old chest for a table, sleeping 
 on a pile of logs, and doing without chairs. As a reward for the privations so patiently endured then, 
 he has a well-improved farm of 120 acres, a pleasant home and all needed barns, etc. Is a Catholic and 
 a Republican. He also served about a year with Grant in the 5th W. V. I., Cc. H ; duriag the assault on 
 Petersburg, his brother was shot dead; the honorable discharge of Mr. Graham dates June 11, 1865. 
 
 l¥ILil.iIA3I KEYS, farmer. Sees. 17 and 18; P. 0. Osceola; born in County Fermanagh, 
 Ireland, July 17, 1810 ; came to America with his family in 1850, settled in the town of Empire, and, 
 after four years, on his present farm. To reach this, he cut a track through the dense brush, which track 
 is now the highway passing his house. Building a log shanty, he did sturdy work with his ax, having 
 little to do with and much to contend with; in payment, he has a well-improved farm of 160 acres, 
 several barns, sheds, etc., and has supplanted the shanty with a tasteful residence. In 1837, he married 
 Miss Margaret Wiley, of County Tyrone, Ireland ; they have six children — Thomas W., William C, Sarah 
 L., Hannah J., Eliza A. and Etta M. ; the eldest is a physician in Le Roy, 111. ; William C. is a substan- 
 tial farmer in Eden ; Sarah L. is Mrs. Charles Montgomery, of Calumet Co., Wis., and Hannah is Mrs. 
 C. E. Tripp, of Eden. The family are members of the M. E. Church ; Mr. Keys is a Democrat, and 
 has been Supervisor and Chairman of Osceola. 
 
 THOMAS McGRATH, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. O. Armstrong's Corners; born in County Tlp- 
 perary, Ireland, Aug. 3, 1821 ; came to America in 1811, followed, in 1812, by his mother and brothers, 
 his father having died in Ireland. The brothers worked on the railways of the difterent New England 
 States for several years; the family settled in Osceola in 1819, Thomas buying his 160-acre farm of the 
 Government. He and his wife saw much of pioneering, he chopping and burning the heavy timber which 
 covered his farm, and living in a shake roofed log shanty. Beginning with little or nothing, the result of 
 his care and labor is an improved farm, a basement barn, 30x80 feet, with other buildings, and a tasteful 
 
 LL 
 
^76 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 residence in place of the shanty of early days. He married Miss Mary Donaher, of Chester Co., Penn., 
 by whom he has seven children — Huj;;h, Maria, Anna, Martha, Emily, Thomas and Alice. Tlie parents 
 of Mrs. McGrath settled in Pennsylvania in 1827, and in Sheboygan Co. in 18-17. Mr. McGrath is a 
 Democrat and was for many years a Supervisor; the family are Roman Catholics. 
 
 WALTER STANTON, farmer. Sees. 7 and 8; P. 0. Osceola ; born in March, 1820, io 
 County Mayo, Ireland ; came to America with his wife in 18.51, she staying in Onondaga Co., N. Y., while 
 he pushed out for Wisconsin, bought his firm and planted corn and potatoes that spring. His wife joined 
 him, and they began their struggle with the privations of frontier life ; their capital was good health and 
 pluck. Mr. S. did without a team at first, planting his corn in the rooty, unbroken soil with a grub hoe. 
 They saw many hardships, but persevered, and, as a result, have a well-improved farm of 120 acres, good 
 barns and a pleasant home ; a striking contrast to their surroundings when deer could be shot from 
 the door of their slab-roofed shanty. Mrs. Stanton was Miss Hannah Durkin, born and wedded in County 
 Mayo, Ireland. They have one son — James H., born Dec. 10, 1860, who was educated in the State Nor- 
 mal School, Oshkosh. Mr. S. is a Democrat, and the family are Catholics. 
 
 JOHN H. TRENTIiAGE, merchant, Waucousta; born Feb. 18, 1833, in Hanover ; came 
 to America in August, 1848; was a year in a New York grocery .store; then clerked ten years in Mil- 
 waukee; came to New Cassel in 18.59, and with J. D. Iding. began business in Waucousta the next year, 
 they building the largo two-story store of Mr. T. The partnership was di.ssolved by mutual con- 
 sent in 1865 ; Mr. Trentlage served as Postmaster of Waucousta from 1864 to 1879 ; is a Republican of 
 Greenback tendencies. He carries a large and complete stock of dry goods, groceries, drugs and med- 
 icines, boots and shoes, hats, caps, glassware, notions, etc., etc.; he has a saloon in connection, and also 
 deals in agricultural implements. He married Laura Jane Lake, of Milwaukee Co., by whom he has eight 
 children — Eliza, Marion, Laura, Cora, John, Annie, Willie, Ernest and George. Mrs. T. was born in 
 1844, in Ohio. 
 
 DAVID TWOHIG, farmer. Sec. 1; P.O.Armstrong's Corners; born Feb. 14, 1837, in 
 County Cork, Ireland ; is a son of Bartholomew and Hanorah T., who emigrated to America in 1848, and 
 remained in Chicopee, Mass., until 1852, when the family made a brief visit to Wisconsin and bought 
 the farm. After the return to Massachusetts, Mr. Twohig, Sr., died, and, in 1855, the family settled on 
 the farm of eighty acres, now owned by David Twohig, he having built good barns and a handsome 
 modern residence. He married, Feb. 6, 1877, Miss Bridget Hardgrove, a native of County Clare, Ire- 
 land, her people having reached America in 1846, and settled, in 1852, in Forest. Mr. and Mrs. T. 
 have five children — Bartholomew, Norah E., Henry F., David J. and George R. The flimily are Roman 
 Catholics. Mr. Twohig is officially identified with his town, as he was elected Supervisor at 22 years of 
 age, and has been elected Assessor four years. 
 
 FOREST TOWNSHIP. 
 
 A. ADAMS (deceased) was born in Rutland Co., Vt., Dec. 18, 1808. April 28, 1838, he 
 married, in his native county, Merinda Bartlett. She was born in Rutland Co. Sept. 14, 1816. In about 
 1845, they came to Wisconsin, and lived in Walworth Co. one year, at the end of which time they moved 
 to the town of Forest, Fond du Lac Co., where he died Oct. 8, 1868. He was a leading member of the 
 M. E. Church, and took a deep and active interest in religious and educational matters, and during his 
 lifetime was elected to various offices. His wife, Mrs. Adams, is still living, and resides on the homestead, 
 on Sec. 13, town of Forest. She is a member of the M. E. Church ; owns 80 acres of land. Their 
 children are Samuel A. — he married, in this county, Melissa Heath, they live in Clark Co., Wis.; Emily 
 E., wife of David Rogers, Clark Co., Wis. (he served in the 14 W. V. I. during the war of the rebellion, and 
 was wounded in the service) ; Mortimer, who enlisted, at the age of 19, in Co. A, 10th W. V. I., and 
 died in the service May 27, 1862 ; Emery C., wife of Henry Rancior, Dunn Co., Wis. (he served in a 
 New York regiment during the late war, and was severely wounded) ; Helen S., deceased; Noble, who 
 married, in this county, Agnes Carter — they now live in Iowa ; David, now in Dunn Co., Wis.; Frankie, 
 wife of Charles George, Dunn Co., Wis.; Eugene Ernest and Delyle, of this town (Forest). Mrs. Adams' 
 fiither. Hooker Bartlett, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and his father, J. Bartlett, was in the Colonial 
 army during the war of the Revolution. 
 
 DAVID M. CARSON, Jr., farmer, Sec. 24; P.O. St. Cloud; was a soldier during the 
 ate war of the rebellion in Co. H, 14th W. V. I., and participated in numerous battles, sieges and skirmishes ; 
 
FOREST TOWiNtjHIP. 977 
 
 ■was enrolled in September, 18(51, at Greenbush, Sheboygan Co., Wis., and wa.s honorably discharged in 
 December, 1865. He was born in Augusta, Me., Feb. 16, 1837 ; removed with his parents, David M. and 
 Mary J. Carson, to Wisconsin, and settled in the town of Forest, Fond du Lac Co. He married, in Green- 
 bush, Sheboygan Co., Wis., on May 31, 1868, Miss A. C. Barnes. She was the daughter of Samuel K. 
 and Salome Barnes, who settled in this town. Forest, in 1853. She was born in Steuben Co., N. Y. 
 They have three children — William D., Ella A. and Austin J. Mr. Carson owns 120 acres of land; is a 
 Republican in politics. His parents moved to Greenbush, Sheboygan Co., Wis. (where they now live), in 
 1868. Their children are David M., Jr., James H., now of Shell Rock, Iowa ; Frederick D., who served 
 in 5th W. I. during the war; Ellen, wife of L. W. Casey, Forest; Otis M. Mrs. David M. Carson's 
 father, Samuel K. Barnes, died in 1858. His wife is still living. Their children are Uphasia L., wife 
 of S. W. Van Doran, of Oshkosh, Wis. (he was a soldier in the war of the rebellion ; served in Co. H, 
 14th W. V. I.) ; William J., of Springvale, this county, he was also a soldier in the 14th W^ V. I., 
 during the war; Milton K., also served in the 14th W. V. I., and died in the service; Austin T., was in 
 Co. I, 5th W. V. I., and was killed at Fredericksburg, Va.; Antoinette, wife of James MoConaughty (he 
 served in Co. H., 14th W. Y. I. during the war; Alvina C., wife of David M. Carson, Jr.; Salome L., 
 wife of George W. Brown, and Miss Viola. 
 
 E. C. COOIV, farmer. Sec. 36; P. O. Armstrong's Corners ; was born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., iu 
 1832. Dec. 23, 1855, he married, in his native county, Angelica Crosier; she was also a native of 
 Onondago Co. In 1859, they came to Wisconsin, located in the town of Forest, Fond du Lac Co., which 
 has been their home since ; they have three children — Ida, VVillard and Charlie. Mr. Coon owns 240 
 acres of land. In politics, he is a Republican ; he takes an active interest in religious and educational 
 matters, and is, in every respect, a public-spirited citizen. 
 
 JAIflES CORBETT, farmer, Sec. 13; P. 0. St. Cloud; was born in Benson, Rutland Co., 
 Vt., April 11, 1826. He received a liberal education in his native county, and followed teaching there 
 until 1849, in which year he came to Green Bay, Wis., and there and in vicinity, followed teaching and 
 farming until about 1855. Nov. 1, 1854, he married in the town of Forest, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., 
 Cinderilla Barragar, daughter of Hiram and Catherine Barragar, who settled in Greenbush, Sheboygan 
 Co., Wis., in an early day; she was born near Belleville, Canada West, Sept. 3, 1836. During the war of 
 the rebellion, Mr. Corbett enlisted in Co. G, 36th W. V. I., and was honorably discharged at the close of' 
 the war. He owns 80 acres of land. In politics, is a Republican ; himself and wife are leading members 
 of the M. E. Church. Their children are James F. (a graduate of the Cleveland Medical Institute, Ohio), 
 Charles B., Ella and George W. Mr. C. is Secretary of the.Dotyville M. E. Church, a position he has 
 filled since its organization. His parents were Peter and Melinda Corbett, who came from Vermont to Fond 
 du Lac Co., afterward moved to Greenbush, Sheboygan Co., where his mother died March 18, 1879 ; his 
 father is still living in Greenbush, a prominent citizen ; their children were Sylvester (now of Waterloo, 
 Iowa) ; James (whose name appears at the head of this sketch) ; William H. (now in Minnesota, who was 
 a soldier in Co. B, Sth W. V. I., two years) ; Sarah (wife of C. R. Barrager, of Crete, Neb., he was Captain of a 
 company in 3d W. V. I., during the war of the rebellion) ; Charles (now in the mercantile business in Green- 
 bush, served in the 8th W. V. I., during the war, and was severely wounded) ; Lester (also of Greenbush, 
 served in the 14th W. V. I., in the late war), Alexander (of Greenbush). Mrs. J. Corbett's parents, 
 Hiram and Cathrine Barrager, came from Canada to Greenbush. Sheboygan Co., where they lived two 
 years ; then moved to Forest, Fond du Lac Co., where her mother died in 1857 ; her father now resides iu 
 Sheboygan Falls, Wis. ; their children are Henry (of Kearney, Neb.), Charles R. (who was Captain of a 
 company in 3d W. V. I., lives in Crete, Neb.), Bidwell, (of Greenbush, Sheboygan Co., was a soldier in the 
 14th W. V. I.) George W. (now in Iowa), Walter M. (now in Sibley, Iowa), Alfred J. (in Crete, Neb.), 
 Wendell H., Sheboygan Falls, Wis. 
 
 SEYJttOlTR ELI.ICSOX, farmer, Sees. 23 and 24; P. 0. St. Cloud. During the war 
 war of the rebellion, Mr. Ellicson served in Co. B, 8 W. V. I. ; he was enrolled in the autumn of 
 1861, and participated in nearly all the sieges, battles -nd skirmishes his command was in, the principal 
 ones being Frederickstown, Corinth, New Madrid, Ft. Pillow, Vicksburg, and a series of engagements 
 around that place ; at luka, he was taken prisoner and retained a short time ; was honorably discharged 
 in the autumn of 1864. He is a native of Norway; was born May 7, 1831, and in 1846, emigrated 
 with his parents, Leaman and Ann Ellicson, to Erie Co., N. Y.; his mother died at Lockport, N. Y., 
 and his father married again and moved to Greenbush, Sheboygan Co., W^is.; they aft/crward moved to 
 Winnebago Co., where they died. In 1853, S. Ellicson, the subject of this sketch, married in Greenbush, 
 Sheboygan Co., Wis., Salome Snell, a native of Cortland Co., N. Y., born in 1835 ; she was the daughter 
 of John and Phoebe Snell, who came to Wisconsin in 1847. and settled in the town of Forest, Fond du 
 
978 BIOGRAPHICAL .SKETCHES: 
 
 Lac Co., Wis., where they resided until tlieir death. Mr. Ellicson and wife, after their marriage, lived 
 in Greenbush until 1859, in which year they moved to their present home ; their children are John A., 
 Florence (>. (the wife of Eugene Chase, Dunn Co., Wis.), Dora M. (wife of Silas Carpenter), Delbert, 
 Esther E., Truman W., Annie S., and Lillian B. Mr. Ellicson owns 120 acres of land. Himself and 
 family are members of the M. E. Church, in which he is a leading member ; he takes an active part in 
 the religious and educational interests, giving them his .support on every possible occasion ; in politics, he 
 is a llepubliean. 
 
 HEXKY ENtrELS, farmer. Sec. 29 ; P. O. Dotyvillo, Wis.; born in town of Forest, Fond 
 du Lac Co., Wis., Feb. 9, 1858. His father, Matthias Engels, was born in the village of Arbuck, Kreis 
 Adana, Germany, on 6th of July, 1819, and emigrated to Canada in 1843, thence to this town (Forest) 
 in 1847. In 1851, he married Annie Balzar; he died in Forest June 11, 1879; his wife is still living, 
 and resides on the homestead ; their children are Henry, John, Michael Martin, Frank, Katie, Lizzie, 
 Mary and Rosa. The estate consists of 160 acres of land, well improved. During his life in the town 
 of Forest, Mr. Matthias Engels was elected to various local offices, and took an active part in the 
 advancement of the educational interests in the district wherein he lived. 
 
 MARY C GIBSON, farming ; P.O. Banner; owns 160 acres of well-improved land. She 
 was boin in Montgomery Co., N. Y., in 1826; while she was a child, her parents, Christopher and Hen- 
 rietta Carpenter, moved to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. She was twice married, first in Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
 to Chaunoey A. Greeutnan, now deceased ; by the above mirriage there was one child — William J. Green- 
 man, now of Bremer Co., Iowa. In 1854, she came to Wisconsin, and, in 1861, married her second hus- 
 band, Bussel D. Gibson, a native of Vermont, who had settled in Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in about 1852 ; 
 he died Nov. 2, 1866. By this marriage, there is one child — Ella M. Mrs. Gibson oversees all work 
 done on her farm, and is very successful in her management of it, and is a most exemplary woman. 
 
 HON. JOHN W. HALIi ; P. 0. St. Cloud; was born in the town of Herkimer, Herkimer 
 Co., N. Y., Jan. 9, 1819 ; he received a liberal education in his native county ; in 1841, he went to Onon- 
 daga Co., N. Y., where he remained until 1853, in which year he came to Wisconsin ; located in the town 
 of Forest, Fond du Lac County, which has been his home since. Mr. Hall was Chairman of Town Super- 
 visors in Forest eleven years ; (!ounty Treasurer one term, and a member of the Wisconsin Assembly in 
 1861. In February, 1863, he enlisted in Co. B, 35th W. V. I., and .served until June, 1865, when he 
 was honorably discharged. Politically, Mr. Hall is independent, voting for and giving his influence to the 
 candidates whom he believes will serve the interests of the whole people best. He has been twice married — 
 first wife was Margaret Elliott; she died in 1869; his present wife was Hannah C. Burns. Mr. Hall 
 takes an active interest in publia aflFairs, and has filled every position he has been elected to, with credit to 
 himself and constituents. 
 
 SPENCER A. HAMBEIN, fiirmer, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. St. Cloud. Mr. Hamblin enlisted in 
 Co. H. 14th W. V. I., Sept. 11, 1861 ; he was severely wounded at Shiloh April 7, 1862, and discharged 
 on account of said wound on Nov. 13, 1862; after he had fully recovered he again enlisted, and was enrolled 
 in Co. C, 4th W. V. C-, i" December, 1863, and served until Oct. 26, 1865, when he was honorably dis- 
 charged. He was born in Van Buren, Onondaga Co., N. Y., Aug. 8, 1837, and came to Wisconsin in 
 1852, and has made the town of Forest, Fond du Lac Co., his home the greater part of the time since. 
 March 3, 1866, he married, in Greenbush, Sheboygan Co., Wis., Elizabeth Ghoslin; they have two chil- 
 dren — Lavina N. and William S. Politically, Mr. H. acts with the Republican party. He owns 80 acres 
 of well-improved land. His father, A. H. Hamblin, was born Aug. 2, 1794, and was a soldier in active 
 service during the war of 1812 ; he married, in Onondaga Co., N. Y., Susan Woodward; they came to 
 Wisconsin in 1852 ; he died April 9, 1874 ; she is still living. Their children are Samantha, wife of 
 F. Spaulding, St. Cloud ; Martha, wife of L. A. Griswold, Ida Co., Iowa ; Hartwell C, who served in 
 Co. H, 14th W. V. I. during the war of the rebellion, he died in 1872; Berlin ; Candace, wife of C. 
 Alley; Spencer A.; Holland, who served in Co. H, 14th W. V. I. during the war ; Lucilla A., wife of E. 
 Miller, Osceola Co., Iowa (he was a soldier in the 8th ^\ . V. I. during the war) ; Miles A., who served 
 first in Co. H, 14th W. V. I., and afterward in Co. C, 4th W. V. C, was all through the war, he now 
 lives in Osceola Co., Iowa ; Louisa K., deceased ; Owen H. N., deceased ; Theresa, deceased. 
 
 JOHN HARDGROVE, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Armstrong's Corners; was born in County 
 Clare, Ireland, in 1836 ; he emigrated with his parents, Henry and Mary Hardgrove, to near Toronto, 
 Canada, where they lived about three years ; moved thence to Milwaukee, where they remained two years, 
 at the end of which time they came to Fond du Lac County and settled in the town of ForeBt, of which 
 they were residents several years; in 1873, they moved to Eden, this county, where they now reside. 
 John Hardgrove, the subject of this sketch, received a liberal education at the common schools ; he has 
 
FOREST TOWNSHIP. 979 
 
 taught district schools for several terms; prior to 1861, when the system was changed, he was Town 
 School Superintendent ; he is at present Town Clerk of Forest, a position he has been the incumbent of 
 four years. He owns 100 acres of land. In 1862, Mr. Hardgrove married, in the town of Byron, 
 Cathrine Heragarty ( daughter of James and Bridget Heragarty, who settled in the town of Mitchell, She- 
 boygan Co., Wis., in about 1850 ) ; they have seven children — Emily, Julia, Katie, Agnes, James, Mary, 
 and Frances. In politics, Mr. Hardgrove is independent. 
 
 THEODORE LiOKHANG, dealer in agricultural implements, machinery and a full line of 
 repairs, also proprietor of general blacksmith-shop, where he attends to general repairing and horseshoe- 
 ing, Dotyville. Was born in Edensdorf, Krics Trier, Prussia, Oct. IS, 1850 ; in 1853, his parents emi- 
 grated to this country, and settled in the town of Calumet, Fond du Lac Co., Wi.s., where Theodore lived 
 until 1872, when he learned the blacksmith trade. He married at Mt. Calvary, on Oct. 12, 1874, Annie 
 Gesellchen, she was born in Mt. Calvary; they moved to Dotyville in 1876 ; their children are Theodore, 
 Vincent and J. Joseph; Mr. Lorhang engaged in his present business in Dotyville in 1876 ; he is a first- 
 class mechanic, and his work gives general satisfaction, therefore he has a large custom. His parents were 
 Bernard and Angelica Lorhang ; he a native of Paris, France, she of Kries Trier, Germany ; he died in 
 Calumet in 1866; she is still living. Mrs. T. Lorhang's parents were Peter and Gertrude Gesellchen, 
 natives of Germany, who settled in Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., in 1850. 
 
 C. C liYON, a leading firmer, Sec. 14 ; P. O. Banner ; is a native of Strongsville, Cuyahoga 
 Co., Ohio; was born Sept. 12, 1823, where he remained until 21 years of age; he then went to 
 Cleveland, Ohio, and there learned the machinist and engineer trades ; worked at the machinist trade in 
 various places in Ohio and iN^ew York in the winters, and in the summer seasons, following the vocation 
 of engineer on the lakes ; in 1857, he came to Wisconsin, and Fond du Lac Co. has been his home the 
 greater part of the time since ; he owns 177 acres of land, and in conneclion with John A. Smith, of 
 Sheboygan Co., carries on a cheese factory ; their factory is located on Sec. 29, and the cheese they make 
 is widely known for its superior quality. In politics, Mr. Lyon is a Democrat ; he has been elected to 
 various local offices. Has been twice married, first in Buffalo, N. Y., to Matilda Curtis, she died in Forest 
 in June, 1872; children by the above marriage are Frank M. (now in Denver, Colo.), Charles C. (who 
 married Bertie A. Nutting and resides in Forest), Mary M., Emma, Fred and May ; present wife was 
 Caroline Nutting, widow of E. D. Nutting ; her maiden name was Parmalee ; she was born in Pittsfield, 
 Kutland Co., Vt., where she married her first husbaad, and came with him to Wisconsin in 1856; he died 
 in Fond du Lac; she married Mr. Lyon Feb. 22, 1872; they have one child, Samuel S. ; by her first 
 marriage, there are five children, viz. ; Charlotte (wife of Lewis Langstaff, of Milwaukee) ; Sarah R. («ife 
 of A. D. Lytle, Wood Co., Wis.), Ella J., wife of D. E. Hadlock, Kearney Co., Neb.), Bertie, wife of 
 Charles C. Lyon) ; Frankie, (wife of William Zan, of this town. Forest). 
 
 JOHX REIS, merchant, Dotyville. Was born in the town of Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., 
 Wis., in 1851 ; was educated at Mount Calvary; engaged in the mercantile business at Dotyville in 1877, 
 and has a large and constantly increasing trade. His father, Theodore Reis, was born in Mehring, 
 Kries Trier, Germany, in 1817 ; emigrated to America in 1846; settled in the town of Jlarshfield, Fond 
 du Lao Co., Wis., where he married Gertrude Hoffman ; they are still living in Marshfield, old and 
 honored citizens; their children are John, Mary (wife of Matt. Lanser, of Dotyville), Peter (proprietor 
 harness-shop, Dotyville), Gertrude, Theodore, Helen, Annie, Philip, Clara and Applonia. 
 
 HENRY STANDARD, farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Armstron-'s Corners. At the breaking- 
 out of the war of the rebellion, Mr. Stannard enlisted in Co. B, 8th W. V. I.; served until October, 1862, 
 when he was honorably discharged. He was born in the town of Gates, Monroe Co., N. Y., Jan. 20, 1843 ; 
 when he was 3 years old, his parents moved to Rochester, N. Y., thence to Wisconsin in 1851, and 
 settled in the town of Greenbush, Sheboygan Co. He married in Madi-son, Wis., Nov. 9, 1866, Unice N. 
 Bryant, a native of Cheshire Co., N. H. On his return from the army, Mr. Stannard engaged as clerk 
 in a mercantile house at Madison, Wis., two years ; in about 1865, he engaged in the mercantile business 
 on his own account until 1870 ; in 1871, he moved to Forest, where he has resided since. Himself 
 and wife are members of the Union Church ; their children are George E., Allen W., Gilbert H., and 
 Laura Z., one deceased, James B. (born March 26, 1871, died July 30. 1874). Mr. Stannard owns 
 eighty acres of land. In politics, he is a Republican. His father, Hon. E. W. Stannard, was born in 
 Portland Co., N. Y., Nov. 22, 1817 ; he married in Sullivan, N. Y., in 1840. Zeviah Knowles; she was 
 born in Madison Co., N. Y., in 1820; in 1848, he went to California, returned in May, 1851, and imme- 
 diately moved to Greenbush, Sheboygan Co., Wis., where he lived until the breaking-out of the war of 
 the rebellion, when he was made Captain of Co. B, of the 27th W. V. I., and was killed in the service, 
 
5>80 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 near Satarica, Miss., Juno 7, 1863. He was, for a number of years, Chairman of the Board of Super- 
 visors in Greenbush, and several terms a member of the Wisconsin Assembly; she is still living, and 
 resides in Greenbush ; their children are Allie L. (wife of H. C. Wade, of Greenbush) and Henry, whose 
 name appears at the head of this sketch. 
 
 GEORGE QUACKEiVBOSS, farmer. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. St. Cloud ; was horn in Montgomery 
 Co., N. Y., Nov. 18, 1817. In 1885, he removed, with his parents, to Clay, Onondaga Co., N. Y., where he 
 married, in 1846, Miss C. M. Marshall, a native of Onondaga Co., born Nov. 11, 1823 ; in 1849, they 
 moved to the town of Cato, N. Y., thence to Wisconsin in 1853; settled in the town of Forest, Fond du 
 Lac Co., where they have resided since ; their children are Chester A. (now of Clark Co., Wis.), David 
 8., John 11., and George N. (of Forest), Sarah C. (deceased). Mr. Quaekenboss owns eighty acres of 
 land ; in politics, he acts with the Greenback party. His father, Richard Quaekenboss, was born in 
 Montgomery Co., N. Y., where his ancestors had settled prior to the war of the Revolution. He married 
 Cathrine Garland ; both are deceased. Mrs. G. Quaekenboss' father was Nodiah Marshall, a native of 
 Saratoga Co., N. Y. ; was a soldier in active service during the war of 1812, and his father, Joel Marshall, 
 served in tlie Colonial army, under Washington, during the war of the Revolution. Mr. Quaekenboss 
 has been engaged in farming since his coming to Fond du Lac Co., in 1853, and is among the mo.st success- 
 ful in the town of Forest. 
 
 C. F. G. WERIVICKE, farmer, Sec. 12; P. 0. St. Cloud; was born in Vaethen, Kries 
 Stendal, Regierungsbezirk, Magdeburg, Prussia, Nov. 7, 1831 ; in 1843, he entered the College of Halle, 
 and pursued his studies there until 1846, when he entered the Agricultural College at Bedersleben, where 
 he graduated in 1848 ; he then was appointed to oversee and manage several large estates until 1850, 
 when he volunteered iu the 31st Regiment, Prussian Army, serving until the 27th of September, 1851, when 
 he was honorably discharged ; in July, 1858, he received a full discharge from the Prussian Government as a 
 citizen and as a Lieutenant of militia, and he emigrated to this country, arriving in New York Oct. 20, 1858 ; 
 went thence to Calhoun Co., Mich., where he lived until February, 1859, when he came to Wisconsin, and 
 purchased land in the town of Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co. On July 3, 1859, he married Sophia Fricke; 
 they lived in Mar>hfield until October, then moved to Charlestown, Calumet Co., Wis., where he rented 
 a farm, having lost his t}irm in Marshfield ; in 1864, he purchased a ftirm in Charlestown of 120 acres. 
 In March, 1865, he was drafted ; reported at Green Bay ; was assigned to the 14th W. V. I. at Madison ; 
 was discharged May 7, 1865. After being discharged, he returned to Charlestown, sold his farm, and, in 
 the autumn of 1865, returned to his native country on a visit, remaining until March, 1866, when he 
 returned to Charlestown, remaining there until May, when he moved to Forest and bought the farm he 
 now resides on ; he owns 121 acres of land, well improved. His first wife died in Forest, April 29, 1872 ; 
 she was born Aug. 31, 1839 ; she was the mother of five children — Antoine, born April 1, 1860, is now 
 teaching school ; Otto, June 18, 1862, is now attending Commercial College at Fond du Lac ; Charlie, 
 July 16, 1865 ; Anna, Feb. 26, 1867 ; Clara, May 17, 1869. June 6, 1872, Mr. Wernicke married his 
 present wife ; her maiden name was Louise Knabe; by this marriage there are four children — Alfred, 
 born April 21, 1873 ; Ida, Dec. 4, 1874 ; Fredrick, May 18, 1876 ; "Agnes, Nov. 7, 1879. In politics, 
 Mr. Wernicke is a Democrat ; he has been Justice of the Peace about six years. He represents three fire 
 insurance companies — Northwestern National, of Milwaukee; the Milwaukee Merchants' Insurance Com- 
 pany, and the German, of Freeport, III. His father, the Rev. Wernicke, a Lutheran minister at Vaethen, 
 Kries Stendal, Prussia, was born in the city of EUerich, Prussia, July 3, 1795; was a soldier in active 
 service in the Prussian Army from 1812 to 1815, and participated in the battles of Leipsic, Waterloo and 
 Paris. His wife was Caroline M. W. Breust ; she was bora in 1797, and died Sept. 24, 1861. 
 
EDEX TOWNSHIP. 981 
 
 EDEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 V. G. AVERIfjL, farmer and shoemaker, Eden; born in Plattsburg, N. Y., June 7, 1829; 
 spent his early life, was educated and learned his trade in his native county ; is a son of Stephen and Susan 
 (Moore) Averill ; Stephen Averill was born in Connecticut,, his parents removing to Plattsburg when 
 he was 2 years of age ; he grew fo bo a man of unusual energy and business talent ; carried on an exten- 
 sive boot, shoe and leather business in Plattsburg for sixty years; at one time owned two tanneries; was 
 despoiled ot over Sl.OltO worth of leather by the British in 1814 ; died at 91, outliving his wife by many 
 years. In 1850, V. G. Averill removed to Cleveland, Ohio, with his ftimily ; in 1849, opened a shop on 
 St. Clair street, where he did business until 1855, when he removed to Wisconsin and to Eden; bought 
 his farm of 61 acres, on which he resided until August, 187(5, when he removed and began business in 
 Eden Village. Married Mi.ss Margaret Dupys, of Clinton Co., N. Y., 1847 ; they have seven children — 
 Rosanna C.^ Sarah J., Verannus, Alfred, Leonard C, Jasper S. and Maybell M. Mr. Averil! manufact- 
 ures and sells everything in the line of boots and shoes for both sexes, having a combined shop and store. 
 He is a Democrat, and favors the sreenback. 
 
 GEORGE C. BAGIiiEY, of D. S. Bagley & Sons, grain and produce dealers ; P. O. Eden ; 
 born in Coos Co., N. H., March 1, 1851 ; son of D. S. Bagley, who located with his family in Milwaukee, 
 1856; he engaged first in forming, then in milling; during 1872, Mr. Bagley, Sr., located five ware- 
 houses at as many different points on the Wisconsin Central Eailroad, making his home in Plymouth ; 
 Qeorge C. went into the mines of Colorado at this time, remaining four years ; on his return he joined his 
 father and brother, H. F., thus constituting the present firm, which owns seven warehouses and elevators, 
 viz., Eden, New Cassel, Plymouth, Random Lake, Chilton, New Holstein. and Saukville; they buy from 
 300,000 to 500,000 bushels of grain per annum, and deal extensively in wool, seeds, etc.; amount of busi- 
 ness done preceding year, $500,000 ; George C. located at P]den in 1877 ; he has the best-equipped steam 
 elevator on his road, built with a capacity of 12,000 bushels; he also controls the New Cassel warehouse, 
 and is alive young business man, and is a hard-money Democrat. He married Miss Cornelia Dudley in 
 1876 ; they have one son, Dudley S.. born Oct. 11, 1876. 
 
 JLUCIUS A. BATTERSON, former. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in Medina Co., Ohio, Aug. 
 12, 1830, son of Lewis and Nancy B., who came from Ohio to Waukesha Co., Wis., in 1847, settling on 
 wild land in Eden, 1848 ; bought 320 acres ou Sees. 33 and 29 heavily timbered with white and red oak. 
 maple, ash, basswood, etc.; Lewis Batterson died soon after, but his family did the work of pioneers, and 
 saw all the experiences of the new settlers ; Lucius Batterson lived on the homestead until August, 1862, 
 whtn he enlisted in the 32d W. V. I.; was with his regiment in pursuit of Forrest in Mississippi and 
 Tennessee; he was also in Alabama and Georgia; was stricken with chills and fever in Memphis, and 
 came home on a six-months furlough ; he rejoined the regiment at Atlanta September, 1864, going with 
 Gen. Sherman on the famous march to the sea ; at Buford, S. C, he was again attacked with his old mal- 
 ady, and was for a time in a New York City hospital ; then transferred to Prairie du Chien and honorably 
 discharged in May, 1865. He spent the summer with his mother; then bought his present farm of 80 
 acres ; built an elegant residence in 1868, where he lives with his aged mother, who retains her faculties at 
 84; she is a daughter of A. Derthick ; was born in Chatham, Conn., and married Mr. Batterson in 1813, 
 in his native State, going from there to Ohio. Her son's farm was a part of the Vandevoort homestead, 
 and about 15 acres is in the villa<_'e plat of Eden. Mr. Batterson is an Independent Republican. 
 
 JACOB BAOIHART, farmer, Sec. 28; P. O. Eden ; born in Rhenish Prussia in 1828; was 
 educated iu his native land, and served three years in the Prussian Infantry Guards ; came to America in 
 1854; spent a year in Ohio; then came to Fonddu Lac Co.; worked about three years for S. Silvester. 
 Married Miss Elizabeth Brem. a native of Switzerland, in 1858, and settled the same year on 40 acres, 
 now owned by his brother ; after selling this he bought 80 acres of his present farm, on which was a 
 good barn and a log house. Mr. Baumhart now owns 155 acres, well improved, and has built a. pleasant 
 home. This is a good record for a man who reached Fond du Lac Co. with §3 in money, and who worked 
 out the first summer at $10 per month, having only good health and good pluck to begin with. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Baumhart have six children — Charles, Samuel, Frederick, Matilda, Carolina and Amelia. The fam- 
 ily are Evangelical Lutherans ; Mr. Baumhart is a good farmer and citizen, voting for men instead of 
 party. 
 
 MONMOUTH BRIGGS, former. See. 4; P.O. Eden; born in Scranton,_Penn., Feb. 20, 
 1827 ; spent his early life and was educated inhis native town ; coming to Wisconsin, 1850 ; locating for 
 
982 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 a time in Empire ; in 1851, he bought his farm of a Mr. Cogswell ; about thirty acres of this was broken 
 and the remaining fifty timbered openings. Mrs. Briggs was Miss Charlotte Berry, a native of Putnam 
 Co., N. Y. ; she was educated in Peekskill and came to Wisconsin and Empire in 1849 ; they were mar- 
 ried April 5, 1851, and at once began farm life, living in what was then called the "Old Abbey," a most 
 picturesque log house, well built and partitioned, and ornamented with rustic porches, seats, lattice-work, 
 etc., to complete the picture it was overrun with ivy, honeysuckle and bittersweet ; this cozy home burned 
 1857 or 1858, and was replaced by the present substantial and elegant farmhouse. Mr. Briggs and wife 
 worked hard, added forty acres to the farm, and have all necessary barns, stock, implements, etc ; the farm 
 and vicinity lie higher than the surrounding country, yet it has near the farm a never-failing and never- 
 freezing spring ; Mr. B. also has two wells, each about twenty feet in depth, though many-almo.st adjoining 
 farmers have to dig at least fifty feet fur water ; having a pleasant home, they now recall the toilsome days 
 of yore with pleasure ; they have three children — Albert L., Eugene T. and Frank, having lost a daughter, 
 Lottie. Mr. Briggs is a Rejiublican and has been Supervisor ; his wife is a member of the M. E. Church. 
 As a stock-raiser Mr. Brings lias shorthorn cattle, Merino sheep and other stock. 
 
 WILLIAM BKIR]VE, farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. O. Eden ; born in the town of Underbill, Chit- 
 tenden Co., Vt., June 7, 1848 ; son of Joseph and Mary Beirne ; William was educated in the Under- 
 bill Academy, living on the farm of his parents, and, in 18(34, coming with them to Eden; his father 
 bought his farm . f L, J. Harvey, an early settler, who built a most pleasant residence, inclosing it with 
 a double row of different kinds of evergreens, he at the time owning a nursery in New Jersey; this makes 
 the home of Mr. Beirne among the most attractive in the county ; Joseph Beirne died June 29, 1865, 
 his only son has since owned the homestead of 160 acres. He married Mi.ss Alice, a daughter of John 
 O'Brien, who came from Massachusetts to Osceola in 1858 ; Mrs. Beirne was born, educated and married 
 in Osceola ; they have two children — Joseph and John. Mr. Beirne is a Greenback Democrat, and a 
 member, with his wife, of the Koman Catholic Church. 
 
 THOMAS €ALE, farmer. Sees. 10 and 11; P. 0. Eden; born in the town of Underbill, 
 Chittenden Co., Vt., Sept. 17, 1848; he was a farmer's son and was educated in Underbill Academy ; 
 beL'an teaching in his native State, and has taught twelve terms in Wisconsin ; he spent three years in 
 Eastern New York, and came to Wisconsin in 1869, buying his farm of 118 acres. He married Miss 
 Margaret Rooney in April, 1872 ; she was born in County Clare, Ireland, and came to America and to 
 Eden, 1866 ; they have four children — James M., Rosanna, M. Agnes and Thomas P. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Cale are Roman Catholics. He is an enterprising young farmer, devoting his farm to both grain and stock. 
 Politics, Greenbacker. 
 
 HARVEY J. CARTER, farmer. Sec. 35; P. O. Campbellsport ; born in Crawford Co., 
 Penn., March 8, 1817. Arriving at the age of 20, he married and removed to Illinois; in October, 1839, he 
 drove an ox team to Milwaukee, and at once made a "squatter's claim " in that county; here the young 
 couple saw all they wished of frontier life, living on a scant supply of milk and corn-meal, the corn 
 pounded fine in a log hollowed out for the purpose ; knowing that he must have an ox to clear a piece for his 
 first wheat, he tramped to the tlien village and applied to Hal Ludington, then a hardware merchant, after- 
 ward Governor of Wisconsin ; he told Mr. L. that he was penniless, but that he would pay with the first 
 money the ox earned ; Mr. L. refused this, though Mr. Carter found a friend and got an ox, and Mr. 
 Ludington lost a customer; Mr, Carter cleared the land and sowed the wheat, and though his nearest 
 mill was Watertown, and his wife and child were often on a starvation diet, his first wheat crop marked the 
 beginning of a brighter era;, on June, 1847, settled on his present farm, and was the first settler in the 
 south half of Eden ; the farm and country around him was a wilderness ; he built a good log house and 
 resumed his pioneer work, al.so helping to lay out all the roads in his vicinity. Mr. C. improved a large 
 farm, has sold 120 acres, and now has eighty and a good home ; his wife, a most faithful helpmeet, was 
 Miss Sarah Cole ; she died in 1851, leaving three children — Miles, Mary J. and Emma. He married again 
 Miss Margeret Mullen; they have six -children — Helen E., Clara S., Delilah N., Sarah L., George H. and 
 Harriet R. Mr. Carter is a Democratic Greenbacker; was Supervisor several years, also Assessor; is a 
 member, with his family, of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 THOMAS COLEMAN, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in County Louth, Ireland, 
 March 10, 1832 ; his parents were farmers, he being educated in his native county; came to America, 
 locating at Vienna, N. Y., where he worked at malting; in February, 1853, he came to Milwaukee and 
 remained until May, then located at Oshkosh ; here he was in the lumber traffic ; settled on his farm in 
 May, 1862, and has improved it in many ways — built an elegant farm residence, other farm buildings, and 
 has all necessary stock, implements, etc. He married, Nov. 23, 1857, in Oshkosh, Miss Ann Murphy, 
 who was born in his native county, coming to America in 1848, and to Wisconsin in 1854 ; they have 
 
EDEN TOWNSHIP. 983 
 
 two children — Thomas A. and Mary A. Mr. Coleman is a Democrat, and, with his family, a Roman 
 Catholic. He has been President of the Ashford Town Insurance Company for five years, and is now 
 serving his fifth term of Town Clerk. 
 
 CjiEORGE W. DEWNISTON, carpenter and wheelwright. Sec. 10; P. 0. Eden ; born in 
 Reading, Penn., Sept. 15, 1824 ; spent his early life in Orange Co., N. Y., where he learned his trades of 
 his father, Joseph Denniston, who came with his family to Eden in 1848 ; G. W. Denniston settled on 
 his present location in 1865 ; was made Postmaster of Foster in 1874, resigning in 1879, when the ofiice 
 was removed to Eden. Married, in Eden in 1857, Miss Margaret Mclntyre ; they have four living chil- 
 dren — Alice I., Emma L., Anna M. and Florence K. ; have lost two children. Mr. D. is a Republican, 
 and has been Justice of the Peace ; the family are Methodists. He bought a farm on See. 11 of the 
 Government, cleared it and exchanged it fof one on Sec. 15 ; his services as carpenter were in such request 
 that, in 1865, he sold his farm and bought his location of twelve acres, where he has a pleasant home. 
 Mr. D. is the inventor of a double, adjustable land-roller, which gives the best of satisfaction to those 
 using them ; he has applied for a patent, and will manufacture about thirty the coming season. 
 
 J. H. DEXXISTOX, farmer, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Campbellsport ; born in Orange Co., N. Y., Oct. 
 14, 1826 ; he spent his early life and was educated in his native county ; in 1849, he accompanied his 
 parents, Joseph and Mary D., to the town of Eden ; Joseph Denniston was a mechanic, though he at 
 once bought Government land on Sees. 1 and 1 1 ; this he soon exchanged for a partly improved farm on 
 Sees. 14 and 15; J. H. Denniston lived here until 1863, when he bought eighty acres on Sec. It) ; in 
 1873, he sold this and bought property in New Cassel, where he lived over two years, at the time owning 
 a farm north of the village ; in April, 1876, he settled on his present farm of sixty acres ; this is » well 
 improved, and on it is a large and handsome farm residence, built by Edmund L. Peck. Mr. Denniston 
 married, Feb. 25, 1857, Miss Anna J., daughter of Joshua and Ellen Morehouse ; she was born in Can- 
 ada, her parents removing to Clayton, Jefferson Co., N. Y., when she was a babe; the family settled on a 
 farm in Byron in 1849; Mr. and Mrs. D. have five children — Ella M., Warren C, Carrie B., Harry J. 
 and Mabel A. Mr. Denniston is a stanch Republican, and a successful farmer, having all needed build- 
 ings, implements, stock, etc. 
 
 WILLIAM DIISEIVBERY, farmer. Sec. 4 ; P.O. Fond du Lac ; born in the town of 
 Harrison (Harrison's Purchase), Westchester Co., N. Y., Oct. 6, 1817 ; was educated in his native 
 town, living on the farm until he was 18, when he went to New l^ork City, remaining one and one-half 
 years ; after his marriage, he was made overseer of a large farm in Pelham for nine years ; in 1852, he 
 removed with his family to Eden and bought 160 acres (sold 80 in 1869); the land was almost as the 
 hand of nature left it, though a log house had been built; Mr. Dusenbery has improved the farm, built a 
 large, handsome residence, good barn, etc., and has all the belongings to a first-class farm. He married 
 Miss Harriet Bouton June 27, 1839, who died Dec. 31, 1866, leaving seven children — Phebe A. 
 (deceased), William A., George E., Electa, Matilda, Harriet and Rebecca; Feb. 1, 1870, he married Mrs. 
 Clarissa Shays, daughter of Gains Alexander; she was born in Lewis Co., N. Y., where she married 
 Elisha Shaj's ; they lost two children, and he died in the same county. Mr. Dusenbery was the founder 
 and is a leading member of the Empire M. E. Church ; was its Sunday-school Superintendent fourteen 
 years ; he was also one of the original Stewards and Trustees, still holding both positions ; he is a Demo- 
 ocrat, and is serving his sixth term as Supervisor. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER FLOOD, former. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Eden; born in County Meath, Ire- 
 land, on the historic " Hill of Tara ; " he oame with his parents to America in 1843, remaining in 
 Hoosic, N. J., until March, 1848, when he came to Eden and bought his farm ; Messrs. Ward, McGinty 
 and Odekirk were his neighbors ; no road in the town, but a track ran north of the side of his house ; 
 he was joined by his parents, brothers and sisters the next summer, they living first in a shanty, then in 
 a log house ; with a yoke of cattle they used to go twenty-one miles to Mayville to mill, and did good 
 pioneer work chopping, logging and burning the timber. Feb. 22, 1857, he married Miss Catherine, a 
 daughter of James Lynch, who came from County Cavan to America with a family, settling in Dutchess 
 Co., N. Y., where Mrs. F. was born; the family settled in Wisconsin in 1848; Mr. and Mrs. Flood have 
 ten children — James T., Peter F., Thomas, Mary A., Catherine J., Christopher J., John N., Amelia R., 
 Mathias P. and Michael H. The old couple died on the homestead, now containing 130 acres ; on this is 
 an excellent living spring, several good barns, and the largest frame house in Eden, built in 1878 ; the 
 upright is 18x26, wing 18x24, woodhouse and kitchen 16x26 feet ; this is a well-built and handsome 
 residence ; Mr. F. has all needed tools and stock, and is one of the successful pioneers of Eden. With 
 his family, he is a Roman Catholic, and an Independent Democrat in politics. He is a good citizen, and 
 was public spirited enough to give the land on which the district schoolhouse was built. 
 
984 BIOGRAPHTCAL SKETCHES: 
 
 PETER FLOOD, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in County Meath, Ireland, Nov. 19, 
 1838; .son of Jarae.s and Rose Flood, who emigrated to America in 1841, locating in Hoosic, Rensselaer 
 Co., N. Y., whore they lived until 1848, when they came to Wisconsin and bought Government land, now 
 owned bj' C. Flood; Peter Flood attended the local schools, and, at the age of 17, began teaching; taught 
 nine winter terms in Eden, two in Ashford and two in Sheboygan Co.; in 1861, he settled on his farm of 
 ninety acres, then heavily timbered land, destitute of buildings; as a result of sturdy work with his ax, 
 it is now cleared and improved ; he has also built a large and tasty residence and basement barn, having 
 all needed implements and stock. Married Miss Ann, daughter of George Lloyd ; she was a native of 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and settled with her parents in Byron in 1850, marrying Mr. F. in 1864 ; they have 
 five children — George H., James E , Annie, Rose and Peter A. The Floods bought a heavily timbered 
 slice of Uncle Sam's domain, when they had but three neighbors ; built a trough-covered " wigwam," and 
 began pioneer life; the milling was done at Mayville with ox teams; the old couple ended their lives in a 
 pleasant home, won by pluck and enterprise. James Flood was a carpenter, and did the in.side work on 
 the first Roman Catholic church ever built in Eden ; it was built of logs, on the south line of Sec. 29, 
 and served well up to the time of the building of St. James' Church in lSti5. Peter F. is a Greenbaeker, 
 and was twice Supervisor of Eden ; is, with his wife, a Roman Catholic. 
 
 PETER HERATY, farmer. See. 17; P. 0. Eden; born in County Mayo, Ireland, Nov. 18, 
 1839 ; son of James and Bridget H., who emigrated to America in 1847, living two years in Oswego Co., 
 N. Y., then settling on Sec. 5, town of Mitchell, Sheboygan Co., Wis.; they bought eighty acres of heavy 
 timber, crossed by Indian trails and Indians also; built a log shanty, roofed with log "shakes;" having 
 paid their all for the land, they, for three long years, dug the land with a grub hoe ; all meat was obtained 
 of the Indians, the family faring hard and working harder; in 1851 or 1852, they raised a crop of pota- 
 toes, and, as the market was good, sold enough to get a yoke of cattle. Peter, the eldest son, did his 
 share of this work, the result of which is the well-improved homestead of 240 acres, a large basement 
 barn, etc. On the 7th of January, 1874, he married in Osceola Miss Ellen, daughter of Daniel and Mary 
 Sullivan ; for their wedding trip, they came to their present farm the next day ; this contains 2UU acres, 
 and, with the large and pleasantly located residence upon it, was earned on the Sheboygan Co. farm by 
 men who were not afraid to dig the new, rooty soil of Wisconsin with a grub hoe. Mr. Heraty received 
 a common-school education and has taught eight terms, his wife having beaten him by one ; they 
 have one son — James, born Oct. 20, 1874. Religion, Roman Catholic. Mr H. has served as Town 
 Treasurer and three times as Town Clerk of Mitchell, and was Town Clerk of Eden in 1875-76 ; his poli- 
 tics are Democratic. 
 
 X. P. KELLOGG, farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Eden; born in Madison Co., N. Y., in 1825 ; 
 spent his early life in his native county, and, in 1845, came to Wisconsin ; during the first winter, he was 
 in Kenosha Co., Wis.; the next spring, in company with his brother A. G., he made a cart, the wheels of 
 which were sawed off the end of a large log ; with two yoke of oxen on this, they readied Ceresco, Fond 
 du Lac Co.; they bought 160 acres two and a half miles east of what is now Ripon, then open prairie; 
 built a shanty of green lumber, which dried and left wide cracks, through which the snow would often 
 sift to a depth of several inches; here they lived a bachelor's life, getting out fencing and shingles the 
 first winter, and baking bread every day, which froze in their barnlike shanty, in which was an old-fash- 
 ioned " Jewsharp " stove; the next spring, they alone built, raised and shingled a good log house; they 
 had much trouble to get milling done, and once, Mr. K. going forty five miles to Columbus with a grist, 
 by bribing the miller got his in good time ; he had been long enough on a diet of beans, potatoes and 
 milk ; the brothers bought 160 acres more in 1847, and did good work with their breaking team. N. P. 
 Kellogg exchanged his share of the farm for a hotel near Watertown, where he spent the winter of 1851 ; 
 removed the next June to Forest, where he built the well-known old Kellogg Tavern, on the plank road ; 
 this he kept four years, then farmed it on Sec. 18, same town, until 1868, when he bought his present 
 farm of l47 acres; this was well improved; he has a large and most pleasant farmhouse, and all needful 
 stock and implements. Married, in January, 1854, Miss Anna Owen, of the city of Dublin ; her parents 
 came to America when she was eight years old, locating in New York State, she coming to Wisconsin in 
 1847 ; Mr. and Mrs. Kellogg have three sons — -Walter N., Charles II. and John F. Mr. K. is a Repub- 
 lican of Greenback tendencies. He is a hardy Wisconsin pioneer, who has earned a good home and 
 enjoys it. 
 
 WILLIAM C. KEYS, farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Waucousta ; born in County Tyrone, Ire- 
 land, May 25, 1841 ; came to America in 1849 with his parents, William and Margeret Keys, who came 
 direct to the then village of Fond du Lac ; Mr. K., though then a lad, well remembers the building of Dr. 
 Darling's block ; the family located one and a half miles east of the town, William attending district 
 
EDEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 985 
 
 school, as the schools were then organized ; in 1853, they settled in Osceola, where his father bought 
 heavily timbered U-overnment land, crossed by Indian trails, and Indians as well, during the first two 
 years; this was a genuine pioneer family, and saw much of pioneer life. In 1865, W. C. Keys settled 
 on his farm of eighty acres, marrying, the same year, Miss Ellen Adams, who was born, educated and mar- 
 ried in the town "of Forest; they have one son — Willie A., born August 14, 1869. Mr. K. is a Green- 
 backer, and is both a farmer and dairyman. 
 
 DAIVIEL McCarthy, farmer, Sec. 7; P. 0. Eden; born in County Cork, Ireland, in 
 1814; came to America in 1844, and lived in Ontario Co., N. Y., until 1849, when he and his brother 
 Florence came to Wisconsin and bought 160 acres in Eden ; this took all his money, and he returned to 
 New York, worked to earn more, married, and, on his return, took his share of the quarter-section and 
 built a log shanty, where the young couple lived frontier fashion two years ; he then bought forty acres in 
 Byron, on which was a small house, which ho moved, and is now part of his residence; from this hard 
 beginning, he has prospered ; has a good farm of 226 acres, a well-built modern house, and a basement 
 barn 110 feet in length ; also has over two hundred Merino and Cotswold sheep, besides breeding cattle, 
 honses, hogs, etc. Married JJiss Mary Kingston, a native of County Cork, who came to America in 1847, 
 in Ontario Co., N. Y.; they have three children — Honora, Charles and Daniel. Mr. McCarthy is a Dem- 
 ocrat and. with his family, a Catholic ; he is a successful and self-made man. 
 
 FLORENCE McCARTHY, farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Eden; born in County Cork, Ireland, 
 in 1811 ; came to America in 1842, and was sis years in the service of Thomas Beals, Esq., of Canan- 
 daigua, N. Y.; in 1849, came with his brother Daniel to Wisconsin and to Eden, where they spent their 
 all for 100 acres of land ; his wife died in July, 1849, it being the first interment in the Byron cemetery; 
 this was a hard blow to the lonely settler; but he worked away, cleared the ftirra, and then bought a farm 
 of his own. In 1856, he married Miss Honora Butler, who died in 1858. Mr. JlcCarthy has seventy- 
 four acres and a most pleasant home ; was, in old times, an extensive wheat-grower, and sold the first load 
 ever drawn to the Eden market. He is a Democrat and a Catholic, and has held school office. His third 
 wife was Mrs. Mary McGraw, who died in July, 1872, leaving one daughter — Hannah, now the wife of 
 John Scannell, who was born and raised in Osceola Township. 
 
 JEREMIAH McCarthy, farmer, Sec. 7; P. 0. Eden; born in County Cork, Ireland, 
 in 1819; came to America in 1845, residing in Ontario Co., N. Y., until 1850, when he joined his broth- 
 ers in Eden and worked in partnership with them several years ; like his brothers, he began poor and is a 
 self-made man. After his marriage to ftliss Nancy Kingston, he settled and built on his present location. 
 Mr. McCarthy has worked hard, managed well and been successful; has a good farm of 166 acres, part of 
 which is the old homestead of 1849; has a large and pleasant farmhouse, good barns, etc. His worthy 
 wife died Feb. 26, 1871, leaving two children — Florence and Mary A.; the second wife was Miss Mary 
 Mullen, by whom he has three children — Catherine T., Ellen M. and Jeremiah J. Mr. McCarthy lost 
 two children by the first wife and one by the second. He is a Democrat and, with his family, a Roman 
 Catholic; has on the farm 100 good Cotswold sheep, cattle (one Durham), horses, etc. 
 
 CiEORCjrE McFARL-4ND (deceased) ; born in Glasgow, Scotland ; came to America about 
 1832, and worked as a quarryman in Ulster Co.,N. Y. Here, in 1839, he married Miss Esther L. Somes, 
 a native of Greene Co., N. Y., to which they removed. In May, 1844, Mr. McFarland bought a tiirm in 
 Southern Wisconsin, which he sold, and was joined by his wife in 1846, they living in the town of Mil- 
 waukee three years; in May, 1849, they bought the McFarland homestead of the Government, built a 
 house of peeled poplar logs, roofed with basswood troughs, and which was the best in the vicinity; Mr. 
 McFarland at once began clearing and breaking; sowed eight acres of wheat the first fall, some of 
 which he ^auled with his ox team to Mayville, twenty miles, to have it ground ; the young couple 
 saw enough of pioneering, but still prospered. Mr. McFarland died Feb. 9, 1865, leaving ten children — 
 Emeline, Phebe A., George E., Charles, Lucy S.,Willi*m, John, Lorenzo D., Wiler (deceased) and Elmer 
 E. Mrs. McFarland has proved a most capable mother, as the house has been rebuilt and made a most 
 pleasant home, several good barns, etc., erected and the farm stocked and made valuable; it is now the 
 home of Mrs. McF., William, Lucy and E. E., and is controlled by William. Mr. McFarland was an 
 Independent Democrat. Emeline is married and is in Mower Co., Minn.; Phebe A. is also married and 
 lives in Fond du Lae, as is also George E.; Charles is married and a resident of Arizona; John and 
 Lorenzo are in Minnesota, the latter owning a farm in Pearlham. Mrs. McFarland is a Baptist in religiou.s 
 belief 
 
 JAMES MAHONEY, farmer. Sees. 7 .and 8; P. 0. Eden; born in County Cork, Ireland, 
 June 20, 1830 ; came to America in 1844, locating in Ontario Co., N. Y., where he remained until M.ay, 
 1847, when he came to Eden and bought Government land for his brother, which he began clearing; after 
 
986 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 two years, he received eighty acres of this in payment ; he reached this by an Indian trail, and was pen- 
 niless, of course seeing many hardships ; used to carry a tomahawk and blaze the trees in getting about 
 the country, going to Watertown and Sheboygan Falls to mill ; he stayed the first few nights on the soft 
 side of Mr. Bishop's cabin iioor ; the best of feeling existed among the pioneers who used to go eight and 
 ten miles to a raising; he says it took half the men in the county to raise Col. Conklin's mill, since burned. 
 Paul Cayee, Cass, Vandervoort and Bailey were his neighbors; Mr. M. is now the oldest actual settler, 
 except Q. Hayes and Dr. Vandervoort. He married, in 1856, Miss Mary J., daughter of P. Kelly, one 
 of the first settlers in Byron ; she died May 7, 1871, leaving eight children — Patrick, Ann M., Margeret, 
 James, Michael, Mary, Daniel and Eliza. On the 7th of November, 1871, .he married Miss Catherine, 
 daughter of B. Twolig ; Mrs. M. was also of County Cork, coming to America in 1848, and to Osceola in 1853 
 or 1854 ; she was educated and began teaching in this town, and has taught thirteen terms; they have three 
 children — -Nora A., Bartholomew S. and Katie. Mr. Mahoney was a most successful pioneer, now owning 
 204 acres, with good buildings. 
 
 THOMAS F. MEADE, farmer, Sees. 21 and 29; P. 0. Eden; born in Washington Co., 
 Wis., June 28, 1851, son of Patrick and Catherine M., who came to Washington Co., Wis., in 1850, and 
 to Eden, 1856; they bought the present Meade homestead of W. Odekirk, the Meades adding to both 
 the farm and the buildings; in 1874, Patrick M. removed to a farm in the northwest part of Byron, he 
 and his wife coming from Ireland to America in 1848; they have five children — Thos. F., Mary A., 
 Charles L., Andrew and Wm. H. Thomas F. Meade now owns 100 acres of the farm, and has control of 
 the remaining 100. He married Miss Mary P., daughter of A.'Dolan, of Byron, Nov. 27, 1877, she dying 
 June 6, 1879. Mr. M. is a Democrat of (greenback tendencies, and a Roman Catholic. He is a good 
 type of the stirring, progressive young Wisconsin farmer, devoting his farm to the usual grains and all 
 kinds of stock. 
 
 CHARLES MITCHELL, ftirmer, Sees. 6 and 7 ; P. O. Eden ; born in Middletown, Conn., 
 March 1, 1819; when about 16, he wont to New York City where he learned the carpenter's trade; then 
 locating in Onondaga Co., N. Y. where he married Miss Caroline Austin. Mr M. spent the winter of 1843 
 in Kenosha, Wis. ; then lived in McHeury Co., 111., until May, 1846, when he bought United States 
 land on Sec. 7, town of Eden, on which he settled; on the arrival of his wife, they lived for a time in their 
 wagon, he building a rude shanty, roofed with hollow basswood logs split in half, the door hewed from a 
 log, and in one end, a rude fire-place ; he plowed a furrow for his first potato crop, turning back the tough 
 sod on the seed, and says ho did raise the '■ murphys." but that they were flat as pancakes ; Indians, bears, 
 doers and wild-cats were his neighbors, the latter sometimes "borrowing" his poultry. Mr. Mitchell 
 helped to lay out the road past his form, and many others; drew his first grist to Fisher's mill, waited two 
 weeks, returned, and could find neither bags or grist ; after a period of semi-starvation on rice, etc., he 
 went with his ox team to Watertown to mill ; then, owing to the rush of grists, was obliged to bribe the 
 miller in order to get his ground ; he used to carry an ax in his wagon to repair the primitive Ijridges of 
 the times, and was often out of both money and food ; his wife, a most worthy helpmeet, died June 20, 
 1879, leaving nine children — James, now an Iowa farmer; Helen, now Mrs. Chas. Hanson; Austin, a 
 New London (Wis.) M. D. ; Esther, wife of F. Anderson, of Clinton, Iowa ; and Oscar, Charles, Carrie, 
 Lula and Lenora, all on the farm. Mr. M. is a Republican, and a member of the U. B. Church in Christ; 
 has 120 acres, on which is a valuable ledge of limestone, and a lime kiln, now managed by his sons. 
 
 JAMES J. OUEKIRK, farmer. Sec. 22, P. O. Eden; born in Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 
 Feb. 17, 1822 : spent his early life and was educated in his native town of Hoosick : came to Wisconsin 
 and to Eden in 1847, buying heavily timbered land of the Government; he built a shanty, 12x20, with a 
 flat roof of basswood troughs ; among the first trees he cut was an immense " bee tree," from which he and 
 his wife took four pails of honey, which was a most welcome feast; during the first years, Mr. 0., in order 
 to live, used to seek and find work by the day, sometimes many miles from home, his plucky wife remain- 
 ing for days alone in the forest cabin, with Indians and wild animals for neighbors ; the pre.sent Fond du 
 Lac road was then an Indian trail; one dark night, in coming from the house of a neighbor with a lantern, 
 they lost their way in the dense woods, and actually " camped out" that February night, building a fire 
 by the aid of the lantern ; most of their household furniture was home-made — a pork barrel and soap 
 barrel dug from logs, and a butter-bowl and ladle made of maple, the latter still in active use, and kept as 
 a token of old times ; they made large quantities of maple sugar, and exchanged it for coarse flour ; as a 
 result of this toilsome and needy beginning, Mr. Odekirk has 135 acres well improved, several large barns, 
 (one new one), and a pleasant residence, besides property in Fond du Lac — a good showing for a man who- 
 used to make his summer shoes of old boot-legs. He married, Feb. 12, 1846, Miss Almira Kelyer, a 
 native of Grafton, N. Y., who was then 16, and began frontier life at 17 ; they have two children — Emma 
 
EDE>^ TOWNSHIP. 987 
 
 (now Mrs. S. M. Kuter), and Alice A. (the wife of Charles Youmans). Mr. Odekirk is a Republican, and 
 has b'Ben Supervisor and Justice of the Peace. Three of the children are not living — Harriet A., James 
 F. and Julia. 
 
 WILIilAM E. ODEKIRK, farmer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Eden; born in Peninsula, Ohio, May 
 16, 1853; his parents, Josiah P. and Harriet L. Odekirk, removed from Ohio to Eden, Wis., in 1857 ; 
 his father bought the homestead, which was then an oak and maple forest, and built a rude trough- 
 covered shanty, where the, family lived a number of years ; he did good work on the farm, built the farm- 
 house, and made improvements which are a monument to his memory. Enlisting September, 1864, in 
 Co. F, 43d W. V. I., he died in the service at Clarksville, Tenn., in February, 1865; his only son attended 
 school in the district, and after the marriage of his mother to Mr. B. Williams, his home was sometimes 
 with him, and at other times with his grandfather, Isaac 0., in Ashford. April 9, 1874, he married Miss 
 Mary A., daughter of J. Keuncy, who removed with his fiimily from New Haven, Conn., to Fond du Lac 
 in 1855 ; Mrs. 0. was educated in Fond du Lao, and came to Eden in 1865 ; they have three children — 
 Mary J., Jirah F. and Edward J.; Mr. Odekirk has owned the homestead of lUU acres since 1874, has 
 built a large basement barn, has a good flock of line-wool sheep, etc., with all needful implements. He is a pro- 
 gressive youn<; flirmer, and, like his honored father, is a Democrat, and, with his wife, a Roman Catholic. 
 
 MARTIN RYAN, farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in County Tipperary, Ireland, 1820 ; 
 came to America in 1847, settling on forty acres of Government land in Eden, April, 1850 ; built a small 
 shanty by splitting logs and carrying them on his shoulders, as he had no team, or money to buy one, and 
 then du£ up an acre with a spade to raise corn and potatoes ; the furniture was made with an ax out of 
 logs. Mr. R. use to thrash oats from dawn till dark for every ninth bushel ; then shoulder a bag of flour 
 and carry it ten miles to his home ; his young wife, alone in the shanty day after day, used to take her 
 child on her back and tramp oft' at night to find their cow in the woods ; they fared for weeks on potatoes 
 and salt, Mr. R. being glad to hoe corn at 50 cents per day. The wife was Miss Ellen McMahon, who 
 was married at 18 ; they have nine children — James, Thomas, John, Michael, Margaret, Anna, Laura, 
 Ellen and Mary. In recompense for the hardships of pioneer times, Mr. R. now owns 330 acres of good 
 land, with a large house and several barns. The first fifteen years were spent in the shanty, which was 
 ■only four logs high, with a trough roof Mr. Ryan is an independent Democrat, and, with his family, a 
 Roman Catholic. 
 
 THOMAS (SEAMAN, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in Norfolk, England, Feb. 16, 
 1837 ; when 18 years of age, he resolved to seek hig fortunes in the New World ; locating at Syracuse, 
 N. y., he began as a laborer, educating himself; came to Fond du Lac Co., in 1859. Enlisted Oct. 5, 
 1861, in Co. B, 10th VV. V. I., operating against the Tennessee railroads for some time ; participating in 
 the bloody battles of Stone River, Chattanooga and Chickamauga ; was on special recruiting service in 
 Madison, Wis., six months, as acting Quartermaster Sergeant; rejoined ^lis regiment at Atlanta in May, 
 1864; at the expiration of his time, became back to Wisconsin, and was commissioned Second Lieutenant 
 by Gov. James T. Lewis Jan. 28, 1865. He married, in 1867, Mrs. Hannah Carr, born in Norfolk, 
 England, who came to America when a babe, with her parents, settling in Wisconsin in 1849 ; she mar- 
 ried, in 1853, John Carr, who bought Government land in Eden in 1848, the patent being signed by James 
 K. Polk. Mr. C. enlisted, in 1864, in the 4th W. V. C, and died at Memphis, Tenn., April 25, 1865, 
 leaving seven children — Joseph, Calvin, Ann M., John H.. James W., William W. and Hannah. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Seaman have one child — Hattie G. Joseph Carr, the father of John, was the first actual settler 
 in Eden ; his old homestead, now the Seaman farm of 156 acres, is one of the very best in the town, well 
 watered and cultivated. Mr. Seaman was among the first to introduce the Lost Nation wheat, and sold 
 his crop for three years for seed; he is now testing other varieties, which he_will, in time, olfer for sale ; 
 his wheat crop for 1872 averaged forty-eight bushels per acre. Mr. S. is a stirring farmer, and a Repub- 
 lican in politics. 
 
 €}EOR(]}E V. THOMAS, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Eden; born on the homestead in Eden, 
 Feb. 14, 1852; son of Edward T., who emigrated from Shropshire, England, to America, locating in an 
 early day in Waukesha Co., Wis., removing in 1849 to Eden, with his family, and buying 131 acres of the 
 homestead, and has since bought forty acres ; the farm was wild and as nature's hand left it ; Mr. Thomas 
 built a log house and sowed wheat the first fall ; his wife was Ann Robinson ; they have nine children — 
 Mary, Sarah, Richard, John, George V., Willam, Charles, Jennie and Anna. George V. Thomas was 
 educated in the district and in the Fond du Lao High School; at 21 he went to Kansas, remaining two 
 years, and was one summer in the Northwest, part on the United States survey, helping to lay out fifty- 
 seven townships; has since resided on the homestead. Married, Nov. 11, 1875, Mi.ss Belle, daughter of 
 Isaac and Mary Nightingale, who came from England to America and Wisconsin nearly together ; married 
 
988 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 and settled on Government hind in Byron; Mrs. Thomas was bora in Byron, and educated in the High 
 Sehoul in Fond du Lac, and has taught two terms ; they have two children — Geneva and Ethel. Mr. 
 Thomas, like all his and also his wife's relations, is a stanch Republican. Mr. Thomas, Sr., has been Justice 
 of the Peace and Supervisor, and is now a resident of Fond du Lac; Mr. Nightingale has also held vari- 
 ous town otBces. Mrs. Thomas is a member of the Byron Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 GEORti^E TITIIS, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Eden ; born in Orange Co., N. Y., March 1, 1835 ; 
 son of Albert and Margaret Titus, with whom he came to Eden in 1857, locating on a farm on Sec. 10 ; 
 Mr. Titus enlisted in Co. A, 14th W. V. I., Feb. 23, 1863 ; at Rome, Ga., Mr. Thomas was in the hos- 
 pital three and one-half months, but was under Thomas in the bloody battle of Nashville, and did good 
 service at Spanish Fort and Mobile, his regiment there being under fire thirteen days and nights ; at the 
 end of the war Mr. Titus again took hold of the plow. On the 24th of March, 1866, he married Miss 
 Lydia, daughter of Martin and Mary Beas, who came from Erie Co., N. Y., to Eden in October, 1852; 
 she is a native of Erie Co., and was married in Fond du Lac ; they have one son — Willie A., born .Nug. 
 30, 1868 ; Mr. Titus is an enterprising farmer; has an excellent farm of forty-eight acres and a good home. 
 In politics a Republican. His father died in August, 1873 ; his mother is still living with him. 
 
 C. E. TRIPP, farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. O. Eden ; born in the town of Floyd, Oneida Co., N. Y., 
 Feb. 15, 1847 ; in 1853, his parents, E. R. and S. P. Tripp, removed to Walworth Co., Wis., remaining 
 several years, Chester attending school; about 1863, the family came to the town of Fond du Lac, he 
 then attending a select school in the city ; the family, after three years, located on a farm in Eden ; Mrs. 
 Tripp died in Fond du Lac Township in 1863, followed by Mr. Tripp in 1876. C. E. Tripp married, 
 Dec. 8, 1870, Miss Hannah J., daughter of William and Margaret Keyes, who left County Tyrone, Ire- 
 land, in 1851, when Mrs. Tripp was a babe, coming at onca to Fond du Lac Co., Mr. Keyes buying land 
 in Osceola in 1853, when the forest was so dense that he cut a road to his farm ; then cut more for a build- 
 ing .spot ; Mr. and Mrs. Tripp have two children — Herbert E. and Rose B., Mr. Tripp, a progressive 
 young farmer, has a most pleasant home and a good farm of sixty acres ; lie is a practical butcher and 
 stock-dealer, selling beef and stock in Chicago and Fond du Lac ; he is also a contractor for the Northern 
 Wisconsin markets. In politics a Democrat, and a member in good standing of the Fond du Lac Lodge, 
 No. 30, I. 0. 0. F. Mr. Tripp, in company with J. J. and E. J. Tripp, is owner of a steam-thrasher. 
 
 H. W. VAX TASSEli, agent of the Chicago & North-Western Railway Co., and American 
 Express Co., Eden; born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., Nov. 5, 1844. In 1852, his parents removed to Kenosha, 
 Wis., where H. W. attended the public schools; in 18i)l, he enlisted in the grand old 1st W. V. I.; was 
 under Rosecranz and Sherman in the battles of Perryville. Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, 
 Lookout Mountain, Rocky Face Ridge, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Kingston, Marietta, Chattahoochie 
 River and three desperate battles before Atlanta, also at Jonesboro, where the regiment made an unusually 
 brilliant record, doing what; several veteran regiments failed to do, and holding the rebel position ; this was 
 not only the first Wisconsin regiment to go forward, but is the first on the pages of Wisconsin's glorious 
 war record ; going into the service 1,204 strong, it came out in October, 1865, with 131 men all told ; Mr. 
 Van Tassel lost but eight day in three years, and came out safely with a sergeant's commission. During 
 the next six years he sailed on Lake Michigan ; kept a restaurant in Muskegon two years; then began his 
 railroad life, helping to grade and fence both the M. & N. and the N. W. Union roads ; in October, 1873, he 
 was appointed to his present position, which he has since held ; did the business for three years in what is 
 now the well-house, as the depot was not built. Married 5Iiss Sarah Guyou, of Kenosha, in 1870 ; they 
 have one son — Louie, born in Ashford June 23, 1873. Mr. Van Tassel is a stanch Republican. 
 
 M. VAXDERVOORT, M. D., Eden; born in Clinton Co., N. Y., Aug. 24, 1840; son of 
 Rev. Peter Vandervoort, who came to Eden with his family in March, 1846, buying a large tract of Gov- 
 ernment land ; he built a log shanty which served in those days as a hotel, and for town meetings; roads 
 were trails, and bridges very primitive in those days; Rev. Peter Vandervoort, preached the first sermon 
 in the town, and the only ones for years ; he is thought to have preached the first funeral sermon in the 
 county, in the spring of 184(5; the Elder now resides in Fond du Lac; has identified himself with the U. 
 B. Church for many years. In the fall of 1849, the district schoolhouse was built, and of A. Briggs, the 
 first teacher, ftlichael Vandervoort learned the rudiments of his education ; when about 16 he attended a 
 private school in Fond du Lac ; was then in the city High School one year ; during the winter of 1858, 
 he taught school, and in 1859, went overland to Pikes Peak, spending six years in Colorado, Mexico, the 
 Northwest Territories and British Possessions ; he had made a study of medicine during his travels, and on 
 his return to EJen devoted his whole energy to the study of his chosen profession ; in the spring of 1866, 
 he entered Hahnemann College, Chicago, graduating from the full course as physician and surgeon in the 
 fall of 1867; has since practiced in Eden, with the exception of the year 1875, when he practiced in Walla 
 
MARSHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 989^ 
 
 Walla, \V;isliiD<»ton Territory ; the Doctor has always, when in the county, lived on the original homestead 
 which he owns; his residence is most pleasantly located, about eighty rods from Eden Station. In 1877, 
 he married Miss Lois, daughter of Sumner Sweet, Esq , one of the pioneers of Byron. Dr. Vandervoort 
 is a Greenback Republican, a most successful practitioner; he has, by his unremitting attention to his pro- 
 fessional duties caused a partial failure of his health ; he has been for three years a member of the Wiscon- 
 sin State Honnieopathic Society. 
 
 AARON WALTERS, former. Sec. 10; P. O. Eden; born in Plattsburg, Clinton Co., N. 
 Y., Aug. 7, ISUt); was educated in Plattsburg Academy; was by trade a blacksmith; was in business 
 five years at Rouse's Point; in 1846, he visited Wisconsin, and bought his farm of Uncle Sam ; returning 
 to his native State, he remained until August, 1849, then settled on his claim in the oak openings; he 
 soon cleared and broke forty acres of this, also worked for many years at his trade ; as an early settler, he 
 saw and can relate many interesting incidents of pioneer life. Mr. Walters is closely identified with the 
 early history, as he was Chairman of Eden sixteen years, and as a stanch War Democrat, did his town 
 good service in war times ; was a County Superintendent of the Poor twelve years, and a County Super- 
 visor .«ix years ; was a member of the Wisconsin Assembly in 1857 and in 1872; Mr. Walters is well 
 known in his county, as a successful farmer and public-spirited citizen ; his official record is above reproach ; 
 with his only son, he owns and manages 200 acres, with the necessary barns, stock, implements, etc.; he built 
 the second frame house in Eden, has remodeled it, added to it and made it one of the best. Married his first 
 wife in 1831 ; she was Orpha B. Griswold, died 1839, leaving three children — Roswell W., Sarah J. and 
 Mary (deceased). In 1840, he married Rosanna Averill, who died in 1858, leaving two children — Mary 
 E. and Aaron (deceased). In 1859, he married Mrs. Mary Norman, born in 1818 in Bennington, Vt., 
 and a daughter of Daniel and Rebecca Welch, she married Chester Norman, and settled in Waukesha Co., 
 Wis., in 1843; he died in 1855, leaving three children — James C, Frances and Mary J. ; the mother of 
 Mrs. W. was a native of Dutchess Co., N. Y., and a near relative of ex-Governor Enos T. Throop 
 (deceased), of Auburn, N. Y. 
 
 BE1ISL.EY WILLIAMS, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. O. Eden ; was born in Onondaga Co., N. 
 Y., Nov. 10, 1820 ; was educated there and resided there until November, 1855, when he came to Wis- 
 consin, and settled on his present farm in Eden; began with forty acres of heavy timber, on which a 
 shanty had been put up and left unfinished; Mr. W. was something of a carpenter, and at once finished 
 the house, then began the hard labor of chopping and logging ; burned the timber at first in order to clear 
 a wheat-field ; he has done " full tasks " as a woodsman, as his present farm of 234 acres was then a forest , 
 has sold wood in Fond du Lac, and also burned large quantities for charcoal. Married Miss Lucy North, 
 who died July 23, 1860, leaving five children — Emma F., Emerette M., Susan E., John B. and Mary 
 H. Id 1866, he married Mrs. Harriet L. Odekirk, a daughter of Justice Da Lee, of Washington Co., N. 
 Y.; she married, in 1851, J. P. Odekirk, who died in 1865, leaving one son, William E.; Mr. and Mrs. 
 W. have one daughter, Minnie E. Mr. Williams is independent in polities and religion; he has devoted 
 considerable attention to the improvement of his stock of cattle, sheep, etc. 
 
 MARSHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 FRANK BEAU, Postmaster, also dealer in gjnsral merchandise, Calvary Station, was born in 
 Champagne, France, Sept. 29, 1830 ; when he was 8 years of age, his parents emigrated to Arau, 
 Switzerland, where he was educated ; after leaving school, he shipped on a mercantile vessel, and followed 
 the sea for about seven years, during which time he visited many of the principal ports of the world. In 
 1853, he came to Sheboygan, Wis., where he married, in 1854, Katie Smitzbauer, a native of Bavaria, 
 Germany, bora in 1833, and who came to Sheboygan a few months prior to their marriage ; in 1869, they 
 came to Calvary Station ; their children are Maggie (now wife of George Brown), Mary, Frank, John, Joseph, 
 George, Otto, Frances, Rosa and Henry ; Mr. B. was foreman of the construction of the Sheboygan & Fond du 
 Lac R. R., and held various positionson that road; after its completion, in 1872, he engaged in thegrain busi- 
 ness at Calvary Station, and in the fall of 1877, he established a general store, and has successfully carried on 
 both of the enterprises, and by his liberality and fair dealing, has secured a large trade ; he has been Post- 
 master since 1873. He is a Republican in politics. His father, Alois Beau, was a native of Switzerland; 
 he married, in Champagne, France, Theresa Tressler ; she died in Arau, Switzerland ; the elder Beau was 
 a follower of Napoleon, went through all of his campaigns, and was with him a short time at St. Helena 
 Island ; he came to Sheboygan, Wis., in 1853, and died there in 1862. 
 
990 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 MATTHIAS BOURGEOIS, Mt. Calvary; this gentleman, who has been for a 
 number of years a leading business man at Mt. Calvary, was born in Zaubaugh, Kries Cochem, Germany; 
 he received a thorough education in his native village, and was book-keeper and general manager for a 
 large minini, company in Mullenbach, prior to his coming to America; in 1847, he emigrated to Green 
 Bay, Wis., and clerked in a mercantile store at that place until 1848, in which year he came to Marshfield 
 and engaged in farming; during the years 1851-52, he had charge of the mercantile store of Aaron Leo- 
 pold ; this was the first store in Mt. Calvary; in 1856, he removed to Marytown, and took charge of a 
 store at that place for the firm of Brownson & Laughlin, which firm he bought out about 1858, and 
 engaged in the mercantile business on his own account until July, 1859, when he returned to Mt. Calvary 
 and engaged in farming until 1875 ; he then bought a large brewery, located in the vicinity of Mt. Calvary, 
 which he has operated since ; his residence, which is one of the finest in the northwestern part of the county, 
 he erected in 1869, at a cost of several thousand dollars; he is engaged in grain dealing at Calvary Station, with 
 Wagner & Co., and does a large business; he owns valuable city property in Fond du Lac, also property in 
 Calvary Station and Mt. Calvary tn the amount of several thou.sand dollars. June 27, 1858, he married, 
 at Sheboygan, Wis., Rosa Schrage ; she was born in Schwelm, Germany, and was the daughter of Peter 
 C. and Julia Schrage ; their children are Mary, Julia, Barbara, Henry, Caspar, Matthias, Amelia, Edmund 
 and Rodolph.- Mr. Bourgeois is a man of the sternest integrity, and executes all his plans with great 
 promptness and uncommon energy ; the fruits of his labors will long survive him in the business enter- 
 prises which he carried to completion ; he was always an active and public-spirited citizen, ever ready to 
 render assistance to every enterprise that gave promise of general good ; in religious and educational 
 matters, he has always taken a deep and active interest, and he is a citizen that the town of Marshfield 
 could ill aftord to be without. 
 
 JOHiV P. BUTZ, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Calvary ; was born in the village of Vossenack, 
 Kries Montgoi, Germany, Jan. 1, 1835. In 1847, he emigrated with his parents to America, and settled 
 in the town of Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where he has since resided ; Jan. 30, 1865, he married 
 at Mt. Calvary, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., Katie Kommers, daughter of Adolph and Katrina Kommers, old 
 and honored residents of Marshfield ; she was born in Neumagen, Germany, Jan. 2, 1847 ; they have 
 six children — Annie K., May, Marguerite, Clara, Kegina and Gertrude. Mr. Butz owns 105 acres of 
 land located on Sees. 21 and 22, and well improved. In politics, he is a Democrat. His father, John 
 Butz, was born in Vossenack, Kries Montgoi, Germany, in 1800 ; he married in his native village, Annie 
 G. Wirtz, they emigrated to this country in 1847, and settled in Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., 
 where she died in 1850 ; he died in Hennepin Co'., Minn., while on a visit to some of his children in 
 1870. Their children are Adolph (now of Hennepin Co., Minn., he served in a Minnesota battalion 
 during the war of the rebellion), Magdalene (wife of J. Linzt^n, Hennepin Co., Minn.), John P. (whose 
 name appears at the head of this .sketch), John J. (now of Hennepin Co., Minn., he was a soldier in a 
 Minnesota regiment during the war of the rebellion), Frank P. (also of Hennepin Co., Minn.), Virginia, 
 (now deceased), Katie (wife of Peter Kommers, Hennepin Co., Minn., he was a soldier in the Union army 
 during the war of the rebellion, and was severely wounded). 
 
 J. H. COOLIDGE, merchant, St. Cloud; was born in Hillsborough, N. H., in 1833, where 
 he received a preliminary education which fitted him to enter the Union Academy, at Washington, N. H., 
 where he completed his education; in 1851, he went to Boston, Mass., and was in the mercantile busi- 
 ness there until 1856, in which year he went to Milwaukee, Wis., where he remained but a short time, 
 in the autumn of 1856, he came to Fond du Lac, and was clerk in Register's Ofiice about one year, 
 afterward was express agent; in 1859, he went to the town of Forest, and there engaged in teaching school 
 and farming; in 1-^69 ho moved to St. Cloud and engaged in the mercantile business, which he has suc- 
 cessfully continued in since. The first two years he carried on in connection with the mercantile business 
 a flouring-mill and wood manufactory; in 1872, he was elected Clerk of Fond du Lac County, for a term 
 of two years; he was appointed Postmaster at St. Cloud when the post ofiice was established in 1869, a 
 position he has since filled ; he has also held the oEBce of Notary Public for several years. March 18, 
 1860, he married, in the town of Forest, this (Fond du Lac) county, Elizabeth Davidson, nee Coleman ; 
 they have had three children — Marshal! H., Alton G., and Dana C. ; Alton G. died at the age of four 
 years. Mrs. Coolidge had two children by her first husband (Thos. R. Davidson, who was a former settler 
 of Forest, and died there in October, 1854), viz.: Henry I., who died in 1876, was County Clerk at the 
 time of his death ; and Charles C, now mail agent on the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac R. R. In polities, 
 Mr. Coolidge is a consistent, intelligent, and active Republican. He owns 400 acres of land in the town 
 of Forest, and large tracts of land in Lincoln and Chippewa Cos. Wis. He has led a very active and 
 industrious life, and by his good management, his efforts in every walk of life have met with success. He 
 
,^^'^ 
 
 ST CLOUD. 
 
MARSHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 993 
 
 takes an active interest in all public enterprises that promise in any way to develop the interests of his 
 town and county, and the people in general. 
 
 ISAAC B. CLiARK, farmer, and proprietor of a saw-mill, St. Cloud ; was born in Gloucester, 
 Providence Co., R. I., in 18.'^5 ; in 1851, he moved with hi.s parents to Wisconsin, and settled in the town 
 of Greenbush, Sheboygan Co., whore he married, in 1857, Harriet Thachray ; she was born in Syracuse, 
 N. Y., in 1839 ; in IStiS, Mr. Clark erected a saw-mill in St. Cloud, which was the first saw-mill in the 
 town of Marshfield ; in 18150, he moved his family to St. Cloud; thus Mr. Clark and family became the 
 first residents of that village. His children are Clarence, Otis, William, Joseph and John. He owns IGO 
 acres of land besides his mill property. In polities, Mr. Clark was in early life a Whig; he has acted with 
 the Republican party since its organization ; he has been elected to various local offices. His father. 
 Hazel P. Clark, was a merchant in Gloucester, R. I., for a number of years, also a large manufiicturer of 
 cloths, and was elected to many positions of power and trust in his native county (Providence Co., R. I.). 
 He was twice married ; his first wife was Elraira Darling, she died shortly after their marriage; second 
 wife and the mother of the children below given was Thelotia Ballard; they moved the Sheboygan Co., 
 Wis., in 1851 ; settled in Greenbush, erected mills, and the place was known as Clark's Mills until 
 recently, when the name was changed to Glenbeulah ; he died in 1856 ; she died in 1877 ; their children 
 are Isaac B., at Glenbeulah ; Isabel, now wife of R. A. Vanostine, Glenbeulah, Wis. ; Elisha ; William, 
 who died in 1875 ; Abbie, wife of J. Donohue, Asst. Supt. of Lake Shore R. R. 
 
 HMBBARD GUELIG, farmer, Sec. 9; P. 0. Ileinsburg; was born in Kries Adnau, Ger- 
 many, in 1835 ; in 1846, ho emigrated to this country, with his parents, and settled in the town of Marsh- 
 field, Foud du Lac Co., Wis., which has been his home since. He has been twice married; his first wife 
 was Annie Wegestein ; she is now deceased; by this marriage, the children are Matthias, Joseph, 
 Frances and Annie. His present wife was Gertrude Konz, daughter of Matthias and Helena Konz, pio- 
 neer settlers of Marshfield ; she was born in this town (Marshtield) in 1848 ; their children are Fred, 
 Louis and Mary. Mr. Guelig owns 152 acres of land ; he is a Democrat in politics. His father, John 
 Guelig, was born in Kries Adnau, Germany, in 1801. He married, in his native country, Maggie Nett; 
 she was born in 1804; they settled in Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in 1846, and are now the oldest 
 couple living in the town of Marshfield; their surviving children are Mary, wife of N. Hubertz ; Hub- 
 bard, whose name appears at the head of this sketch ; Matthias, of the town of Calumet, Wis.; Katie, 
 wife of N. Sclm)iddlecofi"er, of this town ( Marshfieldj ; Andrew, now living in Brazil. 
 
 JOSEPH. HEIiK, proprietor of harness-shop, Mt. Calvary; was born in Richfield, Washing- 
 ton Co., Wis., Feb. 14, 1854; when he was 13 years of age, he went to Milwaukee, and there learned the 
 harness-making trade; in 1874, he came to Mt. Calvary and engaged in business, and has met with 
 almost unprecedented success. He married, in Mt. Calvary, in 1875, Anna Flatz; she was born in Mil- 
 waukee ; they have three children — Charlie J., John B. and Philip J. Mr. Helz keeps a full line of 
 everything to be found in a harness-shop, and, by his strict attention to his business and good workman- 
 ship, he has secured a large and an increasing trade. His father, Charles Helz, was a native of Germany ; 
 he settled in Wa.shington Co., Wis., in about 1843, thus becoming a pioneer settler of that county. He 
 married, in his adopted county, Elizabeth Rosar ; he was one of the most extensive farmers in Wa.shing- 
 ton Co., and a public-spirited citizen ; he died Jan. 1, 1879 ; his children are Charles (now of New Hamp- 
 ton, Iowa), Katrina (wife of M. Fisher, Milwaukee), Elizabeth (wife of Wm. Fogler, Milwaukee), Joseph, 
 Henry, Anna, Frank and Jacob. 
 
 JOHN HEl^XEN, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Calvary; was born in Gellbauren, Kries Cochem, 
 Germany, April 18, 1808 , in 1852, he emigrated, with his parents, Peter J. and Marguerite Hannen, to 
 America, and located in the town of Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where he remained about two 
 yeara, at the end of which time he went to the Lake Superior region, Michigan, and there lived until 
 about 1856, when he returned to Marshfield, remaining until 1859, when he went to Stearns Co., Minn. 
 In 1860, he went to Houghton, Mich., where he married, on the 18th of August, 1864, Katie Lafon- 
 taine; she was born in Bartonicour, Luxemburg, Germany, May 31, 1842; after their marriage, they 
 remained in Michigan until 1866, in which year they moved to where they now reside. Mr. Hennen is a 
 Democrat in politics; he has been Town Clerk of Marshfield since 1876 ; he owns a well-improved farm, 
 finely located. His father, Peter J. Hennen, was born in Bauren, Kries Cochem, Germany, in 1804. 
 He married, in his native country, in 1837, Marguerite Maas ; she was born in Gellbauren, Kries Cochem, 
 Germany, in 1810 ; they settled in this (Fond du Lac) county in 1852 ; their children are : John, whose 
 name heads this sketch ; Matthias J., of Forest; Nicholas, of Marshfield ; John N., now of Stearns Co., 
 Minn, (he was a soldier in the 4th Mich. V. I., during the war of the rebellion) ; Joseph, of Morrison Co., 
 Minn.; Matthias, of Stearns Co., Minn. Mrs. J. Hennen's parents, Nicholas and Elizabeth Lafontaine, 
 
994 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 settled at Belgium, Wis., in 1856, where they reside; they have five children — Joseph, Mary (now wife 
 of J. Burkol), Annie, wife of M. Briat, Katie, wife of John Hennen. 
 
 ADOLiPH. KOMMERS, Mount Calvary; was born in Neumagen, Prussia, in 1803. He 
 married, in his native country, Katrina Rohr. They emigrated to America in 1847 ; settled in Calumet, 
 Fond du Lac Co., where they remained until the following year, when they removed to Marshfield, which 
 has been their home since; their children are four — Mary (wife of M. J. Miesen) Matthias (a merchant 
 in Mount Calvary), Peter (lives in Minnesota), Katrina (wife of John P. Butz, Mount Calvary.) 
 
 MATTHIAS K01I3IERS, dealer in general merchandise, Mt. Calvary; was born in Ger- 
 many July -1, 1841 ; in 1847, he emigrated to America with his parents, Adolph and Katarine Kommers; 
 they settled in the town of Calumet, this (Fond du Lac) county, and lived there until 1848. when they 
 moved to Marshfield, where the subject (if this sketch received a preliminary education ; he afterward 
 attended school at Milwaukee, where he received a thorough business education; he was in Nevada and 
 California from 1861 until 1868 ; while he was in Nevada, he became proprietor of a valuable silver mine 
 at Austin, which he afterward sold at a high figure. Jan. 7, 1869, he married, at Mt. Calvary, Margaret 
 Wolf; she was born Jan. 23, 1851, near Wolf's Lake, town of Marshfield (the lake indicated was named 
 for her parents, Ludwig and Anna K. Wolf, who settled in the vicinity of the lake in 1847 ) ; their chil- 
 dren are Adolph, William, Ludwig, Joseph, Mary and Dana. Mr. Kommers engaged in the mercantile 
 business in Mt. Calvary in 1877 ; he has a large and constantly increasing trade; his business averages 
 about $30,0(10 a year; in politics, Mr. K. is a Democrat. 
 
 FRED KOXZ, fiirmcr and manufacturer. Sec. 15 ; P. O. Calvary Station ; was born in Prussia, 
 Aug. 5, 1841. In 1846, his parents, Mathias and Helena Konz, came to this (Fond du Lac) county, and 
 settled in the town of Marshfield, where the subject of this sketch attended school until 1855, when he 
 went to Green Bay, Wis., and engaged to learn the blacksmith trade; he remained in Green Bay until 
 1860, then returned to Marshfield and has since resided there. Mr. Fvonz was one of the organizers and 
 first Board of Directors of the Marshfield Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and was elected President of 
 the company in 1876, a position he still fills with credit; he is Chairman of the Town Board of Super- 
 visors since 1876, and has been District School Clerk three years. In politics, he is a Democrat. Nov. 
 25, 1869, Mr. Konz married, at Mt. Calvary, Mary Wolf, daughter of Ludwig and Anna K. Wolf; 
 they have nine children — Louis, John, William, Joseph, Henry, Frank, Mary, Julia and Peter. Mr. 
 Konz owns a finely located farm ; he and his brother, John Konz, have established a wagon and general 
 repair shop, on Sec. 15, where they do a good business in repairing and manufacturing buggies, wagons, etc. 
 
 JOHN KONZ, of the firm of Konz Bros., proprietors of wagon and general repair shops ; 
 Calvary; was born in Kries Cochem, Germany, Sept. 16,1839. In 1847, he emigrated to America, 
 with his parents, Mathias and Helena Konz, and settled in the town of Marshfield, this (Fond du Lac) 
 county, where he remained until 1857, when he went to Green Bay, there he learned the wagon-making 
 trade. He married, at Mt. Calvary, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in 1864, Gertrude Wolf (daughter of Lud- 
 wig and Anna K. Wolf, who settled in the vicinity of the lake that now perpetuates their name in 
 Marshfield, this — Fond du Lac— county ) ; their children are Joseph, Julia, Amelia, Mary, Mathew, Clara, 
 Paulina and Josephine. In politics, Mr. K. is a Democrat; he has been elected to various local ofBces. 
 The Konz Bros, established their present place of business in 1862 ; they have a large trade, and their 
 work is noted for durability and neatness. 
 
 AlVTOINE KRAEMER, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Mt. Calvary ; was born in MuUenbaoh, 
 Kries Cochem, Germany, Jan. 28, 1819. He emigrated to America in 1842, came to Wisconsin the same 
 year, and settled in Fond du Lac Co., thus becoming a pioneer settler. Dec. 13, 1843, he married Mary Ann 
 Brost, daughter of John and Anna K. Brest, who settled in the town of Calumet, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., 
 in 1842; she was born in Ulmen, Kries Cochem, Germany, Oct. 8, 1826, died on the 4th of January, 
 1879, in Marshfield ; she was a sincere and Christian woman, and one that will be long remembered for 
 her many acts of kindness; they had fourteen children, eight of whom are living — Matthias, who married 
 in Fond du Lac Co., Wis., Mary Munich, they are now living in Mitchell Co., Iowa ; Mary, the wile ot 
 Joseph Pauly, Taycheedah ; Katie, wife of John Classen, Mitchell Co., Iowa ; Barbara, wife of C. 
 Ammen, Marshfield ; Francisco, wife of George Berenz, Sheboygan Co., Wis. ; Marguerite, Sister of 
 Mercy, Fond du Lac ; John and Magdalene. Mr. Kraimer owns 245 acres of land, well improved ; he 
 has now resided in Marshfield for more than thirty-seven years, and therefore is the oldest settler now 
 living, in that town. Himself and wife were the first couple married that resided in Marshfield. In 
 polities, Mr. K. is a Democrat. 
 
 MATTHIAS IjITZEN. fiu-mer and stock-raiser. Sec. 9; P. O.Calvary ; was born in Marsh- 
 field, Fond du Lao Co., Wis., June 7, 1848. Sept. 5, 1878, he married, in Marytown Church, Fond du 
 
MARSHFIELD TOWNSHIP. 995 
 
 Lac Co., Wis., Annie Wolf; she was born in the city of Pond du Lac in 18H2; they have one child — 
 Louis. Mr. Litzen owns 217 acres of land, most desirably located and finely improved; he is a Democrat 
 in politics. His father, Matthias Litzen, was born in Germany in 1818. He married, in his native 
 country, Anna Storen ; they emigrated to America in 18-1(j ; settled in Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis , 
 the same year; he died in 1870; she is still living; their children are Clara, now the wife of Joseph 
 Schmitz, of Marshfield ; Elizabeth, wife of Theodore Wolf, of Manitowoc Co., Wis. ; Matthias, whose 
 name heads this sketch ; Jacob, deceased ; Katie, wife of Fred Remiger, St. Cloud. Wis.; Maggie, wife of 
 Jacob Schiller, Wood Co., Wis.; Mary. Mrs. M. Litzen s parents were Peter and Annie K. Wolf ; they 
 settled in Milwaukee, Wis., in 1847, afterward came to Fond du Lac City, where they lived several years; 
 both are now deceased ; their children arc Gertrude, wife of John Blunes, Milwaukee ; John H., of St. 
 Cloud, Wis.; Mary, wife of John Fuchs, Calumet; Louis, now a resident of Milwaukee; Annie, wife of 
 Matthias Litzen. 
 
 JOHIV J. ^IICHEjLN, farmer. Sec. 15; P. O. Calvary; was born in Kries Cochem, Ger 
 many, Nov. 11, 1820. He married Anna M. Winken ; they emigrated to America in 1852; settled in 
 Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., where they have since resided; their childreo are Maggie (now wife of 
 Antoine Muilenbach, of Calumet), Mary (wife of Peter Mullenbach, also of Calumet), Paul, Lambert, 
 Peter and Gertrude; Mr. Michels owns 155 acres of land. In politics, he is a Democrat. He was a 
 soldier in the German Arm^ two years. 
 
 M. J. MIESBST, farmer, and Secretary of the Marshfield Fire Insurance Co., Mt. Calvary, 'w-.if. 
 born in Eppenberg, Kries Cochem, Germany, Dec. 24, 1829; he attended the schools in his native 
 village, and acquired a liberal education ; in 1847, he emigrated with his parents, Peter and Elizabeth 
 Miesen ; they settled in the town of Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where the subject of this sketch 
 remained but a short time before he went to Du Page Co., 111., where he lived about three years, working 
 on a farm during the summer and attending school in the winter months ; from Du Page Co. he went to Mor- 
 gan Co., and thence to Sangamon Co., 111., where he also attended school ; he lived in the three counties indi- 
 cated between four and five years. He then returned to this town (Mashfield), and August 9, 1854, married, 
 at Mt. Calvary, Mary Kommers, daughter of Adolph and Katarina Kommers, who are still living, and were 
 pioneers of the town of Marshfield ; they have twelve children — Katarina (now wife of A. Hardwork, Deca- 
 tur Co., Kan.). M. J., Jr.; Margaret (^wife of P. Bernard, Decatur Co., Kan.), Peter, Adolph, Marian, Paul- 
 ina, Francisco L., Veronica J., Anna K., Clara K., and Juliana Marguerite; Mr. Miesen was one of the 
 organizers of the Marshfield Insurance Co., was elected Secretary at its organization in 1874, and has filled 
 that position since, to the satisfaction of all interested ; he was Town Clerk of Marshfield twenty years, and 
 Justice of the Peace an equal length of time ; was County Superintendent of the Poor twelve years, also 
 Town Treasurer and Assessor several years ; he has been Notary Public over six years — a position he still 
 holds ; he owns 120 acres of land. He is a Democrat in politics. 
 
 PETER MIESEN (deceased), was born June 1, 1793, in Eppenberg, Kries Cochem, Prus- 
 sia. He married, in his native country, Elizabeth Lamperich ; she died in Eppenberg, Prussia, and he 
 emigrated to this country in 1847, and settled in the town of Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where 
 he resided until his death, March 17, 1869. 
 
 ANTHONY KOTHOERY, Postmaster and merchant tailor, Mt. Calvary ; was born in 
 Sheffield, Lorain Co., Ohio, Dec. 4, 1842 ; when he was about 1 year old, his parents moved to Cleve- 
 land, Ohio, where he was educated, and afterward learned the tailor's trade ; in 1864, he came to Wis- 
 consin, and worked in the city of Food du Lac until 1868, in which year he came to Mt. Calvary and 
 engaged in merchant tailoring; he was appointed Postmaster in 1877. He married, at Mt. Calvary, Mary 
 V. Enders; she was born in the town of Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; they have four children — 
 Christine W., Theodore B., Amelia and Ida K. His father, John Rothgery, lives in Cleveland, Ohio ; he 
 was twice married, his first wife being Anna G. Olig; she died in Cleveland; the children by this 
 marriage are Anthony, Jo.seph, Christine (who is now the wife of Joseph Enders, of Marshfield); 
 Joseph, the second oldest of the above named, served in an Ohio regiment during the war of the rebel- 
 lion . Mr. Rothgery's second wife was Katie Dean, by whom there are three children. 
 
 PETER SCHRAGE, dealer in wines, liquors and cigars. Calvary Station, was born in 
 Schwelm, Prussia, Sept. 13, 1846; when he was 5 years old, he emigrated with his parents (Peter C. 
 and Julia Schrage), to Sheboygan, Wis., where he remained until 1862, when he came to the town of 
 Marshfield; he established the first general store in Calvary Station in 1868, and was engaged in the 
 mercantile business from that time until 1877, when his store was burned ; he shortly afterward erected 
 the house he now occupies. Feb. 12, 1862, he married Mary Wagner, daughter of Hon. Joseph Wagner ; 
 
996 BIOGRAPHICAL SKET('IIE«: 
 
 they have four children — Roselin, Alida, Mary and Hermaa. In politics, Mr. Sohragc acts with the 
 Democratic party. 
 
 RICHARD SCHRAtrE, dealer in general merchandise, Mt. Calvary; was born in Schwelm, 
 Germany, Oct. 7, 184-7 ; he i.s the son of Peter C. and Julia Schrage, and emigrated with them to She- 
 boygan, Wis., in 1855 ; thence to Mar^hfield in 18l5:i ; in 18G3, ha went to Pond du Lie and learned the 
 tinner's trade, and afterward went to Chicago, 111., and worked at his trade there about four years ; in 
 1867, he established a tinshop in Mt. Calvary, which he still runs in connection with his general store; 
 in 1868, he bjught of his father, who had been engaged in the mercantile business at Mt. Calvary several 
 years, the mercantile store ho now does bu.siness in. Nov. 26, 1S68, he married, at Mt. Calvary, Julia 
 Bohu ; she was born April 10, 1848; they have six children — Charlie P., born Oct. 11, 1869 ; Bertha 
 M.. born April 23, 1871 ; Adelaide J., born Jan. 26, 1873; Petronelia A., born Feb. 20, 1875; Bertha 
 M., born Oct. 17, 1876 ; Gustave L., born Jan. 1, 1879. Mr. iSchrage is a Democrat in politics. 
 
 STEPHKN SIMOX, farmer. Sec. o; P. 0. Heinsburg; was born in Kries Mien, Germany, 
 March 29, 1846 ; while he was yet a child, his parents emigrated to America, and settled in the town ot 
 Taycheedah, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where Stephen received a liberal education. In 1868 he married, in 
 Fond du Lac, Anna Schneider, daughter of Stephen and Mary K. Schneider, who were natives of Ger- 
 many, and emigrated to this country, and settled in Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in about 1846, 
 where Anna, the wife of the subject of this sketch, was born. Immediately after their marriage, Mr. 
 Simon and wife moved to Marshfield, and it has been their home since; their children are John, Peter, 
 Joseph, Annie and Gertrude. Mr. Simon owns 120 acres of land ; he has been Justice of the Peace 
 several years, and has filled various other local offices. In politics, he acts with the Democratic party. 
 His father, John Simon, married in his native country (^Germany), Gertrude Koenigs, they came to this 
 country as befure stated, in 184:6, settling in Taycheedah, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., the same year, where 
 they still reside. 
 
 CHRISTIAN STEPHANY, farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Heinsburg;. was born in Germany 
 Jan. 12, 1829 ; was a soldier in the German Army three years ; emigrated to America in 1855, settled in 
 Taycheedah, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., Fob. 9, 1859 ; he married at St. John's Church, Taycheedah, Mar- 
 guerite Hoffman, daughter of Gerharfc and Annie K. Hoffman, who settled in Taycheedah, Fond du Lac 
 Co., Wis., in 1846; she was born in Brookhausen, Kries Adana, Germany, Feb. 12, 1830. Immediately 
 after their marriage, they moved to this town (Marshfield), where they have since resided ; their children are 
 Peter, Elizabeth. Katie, Mary( deceased), Gertrude, Magdalene (deceased), Annie Tdeceased), Anna M.T. Mr. 
 Stephany owns 140 acres of land ; it is well improved. In politics, he is a Democrat. His parents were 
 Frederick and Anna M. St?phany ; they died in Germany ; they had eleven children, three of whom came 
 to America, viz. : John, a resident of this town (Marshfield) ; Elizabeth, (wife of Peter Krebsch, Taychee- 
 dah), and Christian, whose name heads this sketch. Mrs. C. Stephany's parents were Gerhart and Annie 
 K. Hoffman ; they settled in Taycheedah, this (Fond du Lac) county, in 184:6 ; he died in Taycheedah, 
 May 20, 1877 ; she is still living; their children are Marguerite, wife of Christian Stephany ; Chresiant, 
 who is now married, and lives at Stacyville, Mitchell Co., Iowa; John, also married, and lives in the 
 town of Tayohcodah, this (Fond du Lac) county. 
 
 HOjV. JOSEPH WAGNER, Sec. 34; P. O. Mt. CiJvary. This distinguished citizen of 
 Marshfield was born in Meckenbueren, Wurtemburg, Germany, Oct. 19, 1809. He received an academic 
 education at Stuttgardt, the capitjl of Wurtemburg, and when he was in his seventeenth year, was 
 employed by the government in the capacity of government surveyor, which position he held for seven 
 years. In 1832, ho emigrated to the United States, and taught .school in Troy, N. Y., and vicinity, several 
 terms. In 1846, he came to Wisconsin and settled in Marshfield, where he has continued to reside since; 
 he has been a member of the Town and County Boards of Supervisors from 1848 until 1873 — 25 years; 
 from 1848 until 1861, when the system was changed, was Town Superintendent of Schools ; was a mem- 
 ber of the Wisconsin Assembly in 1856-58, 1867-68 and 1871 ; he was elected to the Senate in 1871, and 
 re-elected in 1873, receiving 1,073 votes, against 935 for Andrew Dierenger (Independent) ; during all 
 the time Mr. Wagner was in office, he was the most efficient guardian of the interests of the tax-payers to 
 whom the management of the public affairs of the county were ever intrusted ; in all the relations of life, 
 public or private, Mr. Wagner has few if any superiors; he is a public-spirited, enterprising citizen, and 
 one whose honesty and fidelity to public and private trusts is unimpeachable ; he is an excellent scholar, a 
 close reader and deep thinker, is eminently qualified by nature and education to be a leader in public 
 affairs. Mr. Wagner has been twice married ; his first wife was Mary Dubois, she died in Marshfield in 
 1854 ; by this marriage there are two children — Mary, wife of Peter Schrage, and Joseph, grain mer- 
 chant at Calvary. His present wife was Katie Dieterich, their children ai-e Rosa, Charlotte, Lillian and 
 
TAYCHEEDAH TOWNSHIP. 
 
 997 
 
 Albert. In politics, Mr. Waguer is identified with the Democratic party, and is indi.ssolubly connected 
 with the history and progress of that party in Fond du L.ic and surroundin'.? counties. Hi' has displayed 
 at all times great independence, never yielding his own deliberate judgment to popular applause, or sacri- 
 ficing his own convictions to the prevailing sentiments of the day. 
 
 JOJSEPH WA(jrNER, Jr.. grain merchant, and station agent at Calvary station; was born 
 in what is now the town of Marshfield,'Fond du Lac Co., Wis., Oct. 9, 1841. He is the son of Hon. 
 Joseph Wagner, of Marshfield, who was for a number of years a member of the Wisconsin Assembly, and 
 a member of the Senate in 18V1 and 1873. Joseph was educated at the Troy Academy, Troy, N. Y. He 
 was married in Albany, N. Y. to Miss A. Updyke ; they have four children— Joseph, Marion, George 
 and Addie. Mr. Wagner has been station agent at Calvary station about seven years. He is extensively 
 engaged in the grain business. Is a Democrat in politics. 
 
 IPETEK WEBER, proprietor of general repair and blacksmith shop, Mt. Calvary, was born 
 in the town of Calumet, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., Nov. 3, 1842 ; in 1863, he went to San Francisco, Cal., 
 and lived in California and Nevada until 1868, in which year he returned to this (Fond du Lacj county, 
 and established his present business at Mt. Calvary. Nov. 3, 1868, he married, in Mt. Calvary, 
 Pauline Flatz, daughter of John and Mary A. Flatz, natives of Germany, who emigrated to the city 
 of New York in 1851, thence to Milwaukee, Wis., in 1852, where they resided until their 
 coming to Marshfield, in 1856, where he died ; she is still living. They have seven children 
 — Clara M., Mary A., Josephine M., Joseph P., Martina M., John A. and Albertina M. Mr. 
 Weber is a Democrat ; he has been Justice of the Peace three years ; has also been a mem- 
 ber of the Town Board of Supervisors. He manufactures, in connection with A. Schmiddlecoffcr, 
 the Davis Stump and Rook Extractor, one of the most effective machines made fur that purpose ; it was 
 awarded the Centennial Medal, and was also awarded the first premium at the Michigan State Fair, in 
 1876, and the Ohio State Fair in 1878 ; it possesses a combination of advantages which commends it to 
 general use, being light, simple and durable ; it is so constructed that it can be easily operated in any posi- 
 tion by one man, and with equal fticility on level or uneven ground ; the height to which a weight may be 
 raised by this machine is only limited by the length of the chain ; twelve pounds, applied to its nine-foot 
 lever, will raise one ton. Peter Weber's parents were Antoine and Katie Weber, natives of Germany, 
 who emigrated to this country in 1842, settling in Wisconsin the same year, thus becoming pioneer set- 
 tlers ; they now reside in Taycheedah, where they have lived over a quarter of a century. Their surviving 
 children are Mary, now the wife of N. Steffes, of Taycheedah ; Anna M., wife of N. Gilles, of the town 
 of Forest ; Peter, whose name appears at the head of this sketch. 
 
 TAYCHEEDAH TOWNSHIP. 
 
 WIIiLIAM BERRY, farmer and stock-raiser. See. 6 ; P.O. Fond du Lac; was born in Lewis Co. 
 N. Y., Nov. 10, 1828 ; he served in Co. A, 10th N. J. V. I., during the Mexican war ; was promoted First Ser 
 geant of his company ; he was honorably discharged, at Fort Hamilton, N. Y., at the close of the war, in 1848 
 in the following year, he came West, and located in this (Fond du Lac) county. In 1852, he returned to 
 Lewis Co., N. Y., and there married Miss Sophia Alexander, a native of the town of Martinsburg, N. Y.; 
 immediately after they were married, they came to Taycheedah, which has been their home since ; they 
 have four children— William, Emily, Henry, and Edward C. Mr. Berry may well be proud of his record 
 during the war oi' the rebellion, of the efficiency with which he raised and drilled companies, and the active 
 part they took in defending their country's honor. He was Captain of Co. I, 5th W. V. T. , was after- 
 ward appointed Drill Master of 18th W. V. I. ; was with that regiment in the battle of Shiloh, in which 
 he took an active part. Politically, Mr. Berry is a Republican, and a firm supporter of its principles ; he 
 owns 205 acres of land, well located and improved, and is extensively engaged in stock-raising ; he takes 
 an active interest in public affairs, and does all in his power to advance the common interests of the county. 
 LEMUEL BISHOP (deceased), was born in Martinsburg, Lewis Co., N. Y. He married, in 
 hisnative town, Lucinda [5owea ; she was born in Martinsburg, Sept. 15, 1815 ; in 1845, they emigrated 
 to Wisconsin, and settled at Taycheedah, where he died in 1857 ; in the early history of Taycheedah, he 
 was elected to many local oBBces, and took a prominent part in the advancement of its educational and other 
 public interests. She is .still living in Taycheedah, and is one of the oldest residents now living there; 
 .she owns 115 acres of land ; their children ar.^ Lavi T., who was a soldier in Co. I, 5th W. V. 1., during 
 
998 BIOGRAPHECAL SKETCHES: 
 
 the war of the rebellion, he now lives in Utah Territory ; Lewis H., a farmer, Taycheedah, he married 
 Virginia Smith ; Loriuda C, wife of J. H. Gibson, Taycheedah ; Lueretia E.; Leverett G., who died in 187!) ; 
 he was soldier in a Wisconsin regiment during the war ; Luke W., Lois and Lafayette. Mrs. L. Bishop's 
 father, Asa Boweii, was a native of Guilford, Conn., and was a soldier in active service during the war of 
 1812. He married Mehitabel Boyden ; both died in Lewis Co., N. Y. ; they had nine children, five of 
 whom are now living — Sally, who married Sanford Peebles; he was in the war of 1812, and is now 
 deceased ; Daniel, now a resident of Eaton Co., Mich ; Levi, now a resident of Plymouth Co., Iowa, and 
 Mrs. Bishop; Henry, who lives in Eaton Co., Mich. 
 
 WILLIAM BRIJISH, farmer. Sees. 2!t and 30 ; P. 0. Peebles ; was born in Delaware Co., 
 N. Y., May ti, ISotJ ; his father, Alexander Brush, was married twice ; his first wife, Jane Story, was the 
 mother of the subject of this sketch ; she died in Delaware Co., N. Y.; he married again — Jeanette Mur- 
 ray; in 1849, they emigrated to this (Fond du Lac) county, William coming with them ; they settled in 
 the city of Fond du Lac, and he attended the common schools, receiving a liberal education. In 18G8, 
 he married, in Fond du Lac, Miss Sophia Johnson ; after their marriage they moved to Marinette, Wis., 
 where they lived until the autumn of 1879, when he purchased the farm he now resides ou. They have 
 one child — -Mary J. Mr. Brush's farm is finely improved, and contains 153 acres, and possesses all of the 
 natural advantaijes native to Fond du Lac Co. In politics and religion, liberal. 
 
 H. R. CHARLES, fiirmer. Sec. 17 ; P. O. Peebles; was born in Taycheedah, Fond du Lac Co., 
 Wis., Nov. 6, 1848. He married, in Fond du Lac City, Miss Ellen Esterbrook ; they have two children 
 — George and May. Mr. Charles is extensively engaged in flirming. In politics, he is a Republican. 
 His tiilher, Richard B. Charles, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1818 ; came to America in 
 1840 : lived three years in New York City, at the end of which time he came to Wisconsin ; located in 
 this (Fond du Lac) county; moved to Lima To'wnship, Rock Co., in 1851. He married Miss Lydia J. 
 Rockwell, of Allegany Co., N. Y., in 1848; they had two children, viz., Henry R., whose name heads 
 this sketch, and Cornelia, who died in 1862, aged 10 years. They own about 1,000 acres of land in 
 various parts os Wisconsin. 
 
 ROBERT CONKLIX, Postmaster, Peebles; was born in Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y., 
 in 1825, where he received a liberal education ; in 1841, he came to Fond du Lac Co., there being at that 
 time not over twenty-five fimilies in the county. In May, 1852, he married, at Calumet, Fond du Lac Co., 
 Miss Sarah Tallmadge, daughter of Wm. R. Tallmadge ; they have three children — Lora, now the wife of B. 
 Spencer, Fond du Lac City; Robert J. and Miss Julia. Mr. Conklin is Postmaster of Peebles Post Office; he 
 is also Superintendent of the Taycheedah and Green Bay plank-road. In politics, he is a Republican. His 
 father. Col. Henry Conklin, was a native of Dutchess Co., N. Y.; was a Colonel of New York regiment of State 
 militia. He married, in New York City, Miss Mary Ann Hewitt; in 1841, tliey came to this (Fond du 
 Lao) county, thus becoming pioneer settlers ; they are both deceased. Their children are Henry H., 
 Deputy Sherifi', Fond du Lac; Robert, whose name appears at the head of this sketch : William D., 
 attorney at law. Fond du Lac; Theodore, James, Edgar (deceased), Mary, wife of B. F. Moore, Fond du 
 Lac; Miss Fannie M. Mrs. Robert Conklin's father, Maj. William R. Tallmadge, was born in Schenec- 
 tady, N. Y.; came to Fonddu Lac Co. in 1842 ; he was twice married ; he died in 1879. He was a man of 
 indomitable energy, and of progressive mind. His children are R. G. Tallmage, Fond du Lac ; Sarah, 
 wife of Robert Conklin ; Mrs. N. W. Northam, of Calumet, Mary and William Tallmadge. 
 
 JAMES A. FISHER, farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. O. Peebles ; was born in Salem,"Washington Co., 
 N. Y., Dec. 14, 1822; in 1842, he came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., remaining until May, 1844, when 
 he returned to his native State and there remained until 1849, when he again came to this county anil 
 located in the town of Empire. He married on the 29th of April, 1852, in the town of Taycheedah, 
 Elizabeth Langdon ; she was born in Fulton, Oswego Co., N. Y., Nov. 9, 1833. They lived in the town 
 of Empire until 1857, when they moved to Taycheedah Village, where they lived until 1860, in which 
 year they returned to Empire, and lived there until 1862, when they removed to the vicinity of where 
 they now live. Their children are Edward (who married Sophia Peters). Henry, Mary, George, Lottie 
 and Bessie. Mr. Fisher owns 140 acres of land. During the war of the rebellion, he enlisted in Co. F, 
 5th W. V. I.; participated in several battles, and was honorably discharged at Hall's Mills, W. Va., June 
 18, 1865. In early life, Mr. Fisher acted with the " Old Whig " party ; he has acted with the Repub- 
 lican party since its organization. His father, William Fisher, was a soldier in the war of 1812, he mar- 
 ried, in Salem, N. Y., Betsey Burnett ; their children are John Fl, who was a number of years a resident 
 of Fond du l^ac Co.; he is now living in Glen x\rbor, Mich., in the vicinity of which place he owns over 
 nine hundred acres of land ; Margaret, now wife of William Coggshall, Frankfort, Mich.; James A., 
 whose name appears at the head of this sketch ; Elizabeth, wife of Bishop Tucker, Glen Arbor, Mich.; 
 
TAYCHEEDAH TOWNSHIP. 999 
 
 they were several years residents of Empire, Fond du Lac Co. Mrs. James A. Fi.iher's father, Joseph 
 Langdon, married Ann H Burdiok ; they came to Taycheedah, this (Fond du Lac ) county, in about 1850 ; 
 their children are Nathan B., now of Marshall, Minn.; Joseph, who liow lives in St. Joseph, Mo., he was 
 a soldier in the 1st W. V. C, during the war of the rebellion ; Sarah, now the wife of Joseph Parks, 
 Cahimet Co., Wis. (he served in Co. A, 18th W. V. I., during tlie late war) ; Elizabeth, wife of James A. 
 Fisher, Taycheedah ; Aliie, now the wife of Robert Spornitz, Eyota, Minn. ( he was a soldier in a Minne- 
 sota regiment during the late war); Lottie, wife of Andrew Hood, Chatfield, Minn.; Charles, lives at 
 Stookbridge, Calumet Co., Wis. 
 
 MICHAKL FITZliiERAIiD, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Taycheedah ; was born in County 
 Cork, Ireland, Sept. 10, 1815 ; in 1845, he emigrated to America; lived in Middletown, Conn., one year, 
 at the end of which time he went to Stockbridge, Mass., where he resided until 1855. In 1853, he 
 married in Pittsfield, Mass., Abbie Shay; she was born in County Cork, Ireland; came to America in 
 1845; in 1855, they came West, and settled in the town of Forest, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; they lived in 
 Forest one year, then removed to where they now reside ; their children are Annie, who was educated at 
 the high schools in Fond du Lac, and has taught school for about eight years, she was born in Stock- 
 bridge, Mass. ; Michael, born-in the tiwn of Forest, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., is proprietor of general repair 
 and blacksmith .shop, Taycheedah ; Richard, born in the town of Forest ; Mary, born in the town of 
 Taycheedah ; William and Abbie, also born in Taycheedah ; the deceased children are Maggie and Johnnie ; 
 Mr. Fitzgerald owns eighty acres of land, finely improved, and desirably located ; he is a public-spirited 
 man, possessed of much energv and enterprise. In politics. Democrat. 
 
 WILLIAM E. tJOHTEKMOXT, farmer. Sec. 20; P. O. Peebles; is a native of New 
 York, was born in Lewis Co. Dec. 13, 1827; in early life, he received a liberal education at the 
 common schools in his native county ; in 186(>, he came to Wisconsin, located where he now lives; he 
 owns IGO acres of land, finely improved, and possessing many natural advantages. In politics, he is a con- 
 sistent and active Republican. He was a member of the Taycheedah Town Board of Trustees, also Town 
 Treasurer. His wife was Louisa Dart, nee Hoagland ; he has one son (Charles), by a former marriage ; his 
 wife had two children by her marriage with her first husband (J. M. Dart), viz. : Ida and Alma. Mr. 
 Goutermont is a representative man of Taycheedah, and one who identifies himself closely with the progress 
 of her public interests ; he has been very successful in life, and is possessed of great physical vigor. 
 
 JOHN C. HO ACL AND, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P.O.Peebles; is a native of Pennsylvania, and 
 came to Wisconsin about 1848, and has lived in the town of Taycheedah the most of the time since. 
 He h;is been twice married ; his children are Mrs. E. Lyons, of La Crosse, Wis.; Mrs. Goutermont, of 
 Taycheedah, and Edward. Mr. Hoagland is a leading former and an enterprising citizen. 
 
 JOHN liEEMAN, farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Fond du Lac ; a pioneer settler of Fond du Lac; is a 
 native of England, was born in Yorkshire Feb. 1, 1810. June 21, 1838, he married in the town of 
 Bomton, Yorkshire, Miss Ann Edmund, a native of that town, born May 8, 1819; in 1848, they emi- 
 grated to Milwaukee, Wis., and in the spring of 1849 moved to the city of Fond du Lac, where they 
 resided until 1854, when they removed to Sec. 4, town of Taycheedah, where he has since lived; she died 
 Oct. 12, 1869 ; she was an earnest Christian woman, a most estimable lady, and her death was deeply 
 deplored ; their children were Elizabeth, now the wife of John S. Burroughs, Fond du Lac City ; Edmund, 
 born Sept. 6, 1840, died Oct. 25, 1841 ; Edward, born Oct. 25, 1841, enlisted in Co. E, 6th W. V. I. 
 during the war of the rebellion, was killed at the battle of Gettysbung in July, 1863 — he was a brave 
 soldier, and a true comrade; Thomas, born March 3, 1844, and fell in defense of the cause of the Union, 
 at the battle of Pittsburg Landing in April, 18G2 (he was a soldier of the 18th W. V. I., and the records 
 of that regiment show that he was a gallant soldier, that he was killed in the heat of action, while pressing 
 forward nobly doing his duty) ; Jane, now the wife of Samuel Smith, Fond du Lac City (he was also a 
 soldier in a Wisconsin regiment during the war of the rebellion ) ; Wilson, who now lives near San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal, is an engineer; George E., born March 4, 1849, died April, 1850 ; William E., married Vivia 
 A. Holt; Mary C. ; Emma A. and John, Jr. Mr. Leeman owns 140 acres of land, finely improved, and 
 well located on Sec. 4, town of Taycheedah, where he lives in the enjoyment of a happy home. Politically, 
 he is a firm supporter of the Republican party. 
 
 HON. QURIAN LOEHR, merchant. Sec. 12; P. 0. Heinsburg ; is a native of Prussia, 
 was born in the village of Adeneu, June 8, 1823 ; he received a liberal education in the schools of his native 
 country; in 1843, he emigrated to the United States, located in Fond du Lac Co., Wis. ; he was a mem- 
 ber of the Wisconsin Assembly in 1852, and has been fre(|uently elected by his fellow-citizens to other offices 
 of honor and trust ; he has been engaged in the mercantile business for a period of over twenty-seven 
 years, and by his strict integrity, honesty, and fair dealing, has secured and retains the c-onfidence of all 
 
1000 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 who know him ; by close attention to business, and good management, he has accumulated a large prop- 
 erty, owning over 600 acres of land, besides his residence and village property. He married in Green Bay, 
 Miss D. Straubel ; they have ten children — Louis, Fredrick, Edward, Amelia, now wife of P. Stephany, 
 Louisa, wife of M. Kelt, Arnold, Mary, Anna, Mathias and Henry. Mr. Loehr is a public-spirited, enter- 
 prising citizen, and one whose fidelity to public and private trusts is unimpeachable. 
 
 J. E. MACK, farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. O. Fond du Lac ; was born in East Lyme, New London Co., 
 Conn., June 24, 1832 ; in 1855, he came to Wisconsin, and located in the town of Empire, Fond du Lac 
 Co. March 8, 1863, he married, in Fond du Lac, Mary E. Morehouse, a native of Lockport, N. Y., born 
 July 6, 1838 ; they have one child — Clarence E.; Mr. Mack has resided in Taycheedah since 1860 ; he 
 owns 107 acres of land, well located and finely improved. In politics, he is a Republican. His father, J. 
 T. Mack, was born in East Lyme, New London Co., Conn., in 1804; he married, in his native county, 
 Jane D. Ransom ; they came to Wisconsin in 1855, and settled in Fond du Lac Co.; they now reside in 
 Taycheedah ; their children are J. E. ( whose name heads this sketch ), Leander H. ( now of Morris, Lincoln 
 Co., Minn. ), Ellen C. (wife of William Wilcox, Fond du Lac), William N. (who was a soldier in the — th 
 W. V. I., and died in the service at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 11, 1862), Mary J. (wife of 0. F. Brand, of 
 Minnesota, who was a soldier in a Wisconsin regiment during the war of the rebellion), Theron R. (who 
 served in the 18th W. V. I. during the war), Rachel B. (deceased), Sylvester S. (now of Lincoln Co.,- 
 Minn.), Prudence M. (wife of Robert Lusk, Minn.), and Bainbridge A., of Taycheedah. 
 
 E. PEEOLiES, farmer, and proprietor of cheese factory. Sec. 32; P. 0. Peebles; is a native 
 of Martinsburg, Lewis Co., N. Y.; was born Aug. 22, 1822 ; in November, 1845, he came to Wisconsin 
 and located in Taycheedah. In 1847, he married Miss Margaret Van Valkenburg; they have six children 
 living — Sanford S., Sarah J., John E., Oscar, Emma and Sherman ; one child deceased, Ella, died in 
 1878; in 1875, Mr. Peebles erected a cheese factory on his farm, where he makes about an average of 
 100,000 chee.se per annum, which is widely known for its superior quality; he owns a finely improved 
 farm of 170 acres. Politically, he acts with the Republicans, being an active worker in that party since 
 its organization ; he is an active, energetic, go-ahead citizen, and one who takes an active part in all public 
 enterprises that give promise of advancing the interests of the public; his father, Sanford Peebles, was a 
 soldier in active service during the war of 1812; he^ married, in his native State (New York), Miss 
 Sarah Bowen ; he is now deceased ; she is living at Martinsburg, N. Y. 
 
 SAIVFORD S. PEEBLES, farmer. Sec. 30; P. 0. Peebles; was born in Taycheedah, 
 June 4, 1851, and is therefore a "native to the manor born." He is the son of E. and Margaret Peebles, 
 pioneer settlers of Fond du Lae Co., and now honored citizens of Taycheedah. Sept. 27, 1877, he mar- 
 ried Miss Amanda S., daughter of John and Lorinda Charles, early settlers and still residents of Taychee- 
 dah ; they have one child — Ethan C. In politics, Mr. Peebles is a Republican : he is a member of Lodge 
 No. 30, 1. 0. 0. F., of Fond du Lac; is extensively engasjed in farming, and is a man of much energy 
 and push. 
 
 HON. O. Hr«0 PETTERS, Sec. 16, P. 0. Peebles; was born in Saxen Weimar, Ger- 
 many, Jan. 24, 1823; he was educated at the Universities of Jena and Leipzig, and was admitted to the 
 practice of law in the courts ; he was clerk of the Preliminary Court at Weimar, and afterward was 
 appointed Clerk of the Civil Court, which position he filled until his coming to this country in 1848. In 
 1849, he married, in Milwaukee, Dorotha P. E. Sander, a native of Lohlotzs, Los Weimar, (icrmany; in 
 the latter part of 1849, they moved to the city of Fond du Lac, and he engaged in the grocery business, 
 until the spring of 1852, when they moved to the town of Taycheedah, where they have since resided. He 
 has been frequently selected by his fellow-citizens to fill various offices ; he was a member of the Wisconsin 
 Assembly in 1858-59, Town Clerk two terms, Ju.stice of the Peace eight years, and was appointed Notary 
 Public in 1878 — a position he still fills ; he owns a good farm, well located. Him.self and wife attend the 
 Lutheran Church. Their children are Sophia (now the wife of Edward Fisher), Louis, Charlie and 
 Willie. In politics, Mr. Petters is a Republican. 
 
 BEXJAMIN F. SMITH (deceased), a native of Vermont, born June 26, 1812. He mar- 
 ried in La Pointe, Wis., Mi.ss Ilaimah Wood; she was born in Lowell, Mass.; they were married June 7, 
 1849, and removed to Taycheedah the same year; in 1862, he enlisted in Co. A, 18th W. V. I.; was taken 
 prisoner at the battle of Shiloh, and died in rebel prison at Montgomery; the records of his regiment 
 show that he was a brave soldier, ever ready to follow where duty led ; though he never was an aspirant 
 for office, he was at various times elected by his fellow-citizens to offices of honor and trust ; he took aa 
 active interest in educational interests, and was ever ready to aid any enterprise that gave promise of gen- 
 eral good; he was a kind husband and an indulgent fatlicr ; his children were Ellen, now the wife of A. 
 Mackay, OshkoshF; rank (deceased), Virginia, now the wife of L. H. Bishop, Taycheedah ; Harriett, Mrs, 
 
OAKFIELB TOWNSHIP. 1001 
 
 B. F. Smitli ; married second husband, J. C. Hoai;;land, a native of Pennsylvania; he came to Pond du 
 Lac Co., in 1848; they at present reside on their farm on Sec. 32, Taychecdah Township. 
 
 J. J. TAIjLMADUE, grain dealer; P.O.Peebles; was born in Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., 
 N. Y., April 14, 1834; in 1844, he removed with his parents, N. P. and Abbie Tallmadge, to this (Pond 
 du Lac) county; in early life he received a liberal education. In October, 1863, he married, in the city 
 of Pond du Lac, Miss Sarah Brown; they have one child. Miss Julia; Mr. Tallmadge has been engaged 
 in the grain trade several years; is an energetic business man, owns 14G acres of land in the town of 
 Calumet. In politics and religion, he is liberal; his father, N. P. Tallmadge (deceased), was a prominent 
 member of the New York Legislature a number of years; he was appointed Territorial Governor of Wis- 
 consin June 21, 1844; after his appointment, he delivered his message to both houses of the Legislature 
 in person, an account of which will be found on page 51. He was twice married; his children are Isaac 
 S. a prominent attorney, New York ; William D., deceased; Grier, who was a graduate of West Point, 
 died in the service at Fortress Monroe, was Captain of a company at the time of his death, was acting as 
 Quartermaster General; Mary L., wife of William A. Baldwin; Laura, wife of William H. Galloway, 
 M. D., Eau Claire, Wis.; Julia B., wife of A. G. Buggies, Fond du Lac City; Emily B., wife of James D. 
 Tallmadge, Chicago ; J. J., whose name appears at the head of this sketch. 
 
 JOHIV W. TIFFANY'^, deceased, was a native of Lewis Co., N. Y. He married, in his native 
 county, Sophia Hill ; they came to Wisconsin in about 1849 ; settled in Taychecdah. During the war of 
 the rebellion, he enlisted in the 18th W. V. I.; was a good soldier; died in the service. She is still 
 iiving and resides at Taychecdah ; their children are Morton B.; Emma, wife of Dr. Chase, of Vernon Co., 
 •Wis.; John, who served in the 5th W. V. I. during the war, and died in the service ; P. B., also a 
 soldier in the 5th W. V. I.; Levi P, who served in the 18th W. V. L and died in the cause; James M. 
 and Loyd R. 
 
 MORTON R. TIFFANY, contractor and builder, Taychecdah ; was born in the town of 
 Martinsburg, Lewis Co., N. Y., March 26, 1838 ; emigrated to Taychecdah, with his parents, John W. and 
 Sophia Tiffany, in about 1849. He married, in Tayeheedah, Nov. 3, 1858, Mariette Sullivan, a native of 
 Otsego Co., N. Y., who was born in 1842 ; her mother, Mrs. Sullivan, is one of the pioneer settlers of 
 Taychecdah. They have three children — Edward C, Florence G. and Lulu B. Besides building, Mr. 
 Tiffany takes contracts in painting and plastering. He is a Republican in politics. Has filled various 
 local offices. 
 
 P. R. TIFFANY. This gentleman, a soldier, during the war of the rebellion, in the 5th 
 W. V. I., enrolled as a private, was promoted to Second Lieutenant and acted a portion of the time m 
 Sergeant Major ; participated in nearly every battle, siege and skirmish his command was in, and was 
 honorably discharged at the close of the war. He was born in Lewis Co., N. Y., July 13, 1843. His 
 parents were John W. and Sophia Tiffany, who settled in Taychecdah in 1849. He married, in Taychec- 
 dah, in 1866, Frances Spink, a native of Canada; they have three children — Maude E., Claude fl. and 
 Grace E. In early life, Mr. Tiffany learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, which, in connection with 
 painting, constitutes his present business. Politically, he acts with the Republican party. 
 
 OAKFIELO TOWNSHIP. 
 
 A. J. ASH, farmer. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Oakfield ; is a native of the town of Oakfield, Pond du Lac 
 Co., Wis., and is the son of William D. and Almira Ash, nee Putnam, immigrants from Montgomery Co., 
 N. Y., and early settlers in this town; A. J. was born in March, 1857, and lived with his parents on a 
 farm in Sec. 6, Oakfield, till 1869, when, with them, removed to the village of Brandon, Pond du Lac Co., 
 and made that his home for seven or eight years; he was educated in the public schools of Oakfield, 
 Brandon and the College of Oshkosh. In July, 1876, he married Miss Hattie, daughter of Dr. S. and 
 Mary Shepard, nee Liddle, of Brandon ; they have one daughter. Mate; he now lives on his father's farm 
 of 360 acres in Sec. 6, town of Oakfield. 
 
 BARDEN BENNETT, farmer. Sec. 4; P. O. Lamartine ; born in the town of Dana, Mass., 
 in the year 1814; is the son of Submit and Jacob Bennett, a farmer; the svibjeet of this sketch received 
 his education in the common schools of his time; in 1827, ho commenced working for a Mr. 
 Patten, a farmer of Greenwich; in 1831, he left farming and went to work in the cotton-mills of Jenks- 
 ville ; he commenced as picker and lapwinder, and during his stay in the mills, he served in all its branches ; 
 
1002 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 the last three years of his, stay he was overseer of the weaving-room; Mr. Bennett left the mills in 1847 
 and came West, pre-empting lUO acres of land in the town of Oakfield; after living on that farm for 
 twenty years, he sold out and bought the flirm on which he now resides; in 1878, he bought the Lamar- 
 tine cheese factory of his son Oscar, and has been engaged in running it in connection with farming ; in 
 1878, he manufactured at the factory 158,171- pounds of cheese; in 1879, 115,000 pounds. Mr. B. 
 married his first wife Oct. 4, 1837, in Springfield, Mass., Lucy J., daughter of Caleb Howe, a farmer; liad 
 five children by this wife — Albert, Leroy, Osear, Sophia, Lottie; this wife died in May, 1854. Married 
 the second time, Nov. 20, 1855, in Palmer, Mass., to Charlotte A., daughter of Esther and William Den- 
 nison, a farmer of Stafford, Conn.; have had two children — Maurice D. (deceased), Homer W. Family 
 attend the M. E. Church ; he is, politically, a Republican; he is the present owner of 160 acres of land in 
 Sec. 4. Oakfield, also of 17] acres in Lamartine adjoining his factory property. 
 
 y'-ABEL BRIii^TOL, farmer ; P. 0. Oakfield ;"'born in Addison Co., near Lake Champlain, Vt. ; 
 m 1829 ; is the son of Anna and Noah Bristol, a farmer of that county ; the subject of this sketch 
 received a common-school and academic education in that county, also in Bakersfield and St. Albans ; at 
 the age of 18 he left school and occupied himself — with the exception of one year that he worked at the 
 carpenter's trade — at teaching school winters and farming during the summer season, until November, 1853, 
 when he came to Oakfield, Pond du Lac Co., teaching school the winter he came, and in February bouiiht a 
 farm of 180 acres of William Beebe, paying S12.50 per acre, where he now resides; in 1868, he bought 
 an interest in the firm of Wilcox, Cornell & Co., doing a general business in the village of Oakfield ; in 
 1875, with Mr. Aaron Worthing, bought out Mr. Cornell, and the firm name being Bristol & Worth- 
 ing ; they are doing a very extensive business in general merchandise, also handling wool very largely.' 
 Mr. Bristol married, in Brandon, Vt., in 1851, Abigail, daughter of Abigail and James Thompson, a 
 farmer of x\ddison Co., Vt. ; have had six children — Clarence A., Jennie J., Nettie A., Fremont J., Flora 
 A., Watson E. He is the present owner of 215 acres of land in Oakfield — -probable value, f 60 per acre. 
 He has held offices of member of Board of Supervisors, School Superintendent and Assessor, for a number 
 of years, and is politically a Republican. 
 
 J. W. Bl'RNS, M. D., Oakfield ; born in Oakfield in 1845 ; is the son of Elizabeth and 
 Thomas Burns, a farmer of Oakfield ; the subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools of 
 Oakfield, and, in LS67, commenced the study of medicine; in 1870, he graduated from the Rush Medical 
 College of Chicago ; he then located in JLiyville and practiced his profession there until the fall of 1870, 
 when he went to Lomira, Dodge Co. ; in the spring of 1872, he came to Oakfield and entered into part- 
 nership with Dr. William Moore, remaining with him until Jan. 1, 1876 ; he then removed to Lake 
 Crystal, Minn. ; remaining there until January 1878, when he again returned to Oakfield, and in connection 
 with his brother Thomas, bought the drug-store of J. A. Steen, in which he is still interested, but is prac- 
 ticing his profession as physician. He was married, in Lomira, in June, 1872, to Hattie, daughter of Mary 
 and Henry S. Beeson, a physician of that place ; thoy have had three children born to them — William H., 
 Edward H., Leslie R. Is a member of the Masonic Order, Oakfield Lodge, also of the Oakfield Lodge 
 of I. 0. O. F. Family attend the Episcopal Church. 
 
 PHILAIVDER H. COIjE, station agent and operator, Oakfield; born in Chester Township, 
 Dodge Co., Wis., in 1847; son of Philander and Nancy Cole; a ftirmer. The subject of this sketch 
 received his education in the common schools of his native place ; at the age of 20, he took up telegraph- 
 ing, taking his first office at Burnett ; after working there for about eighteen months, he went to Lodi ; 
 was there for two years and a half; then went to Caledonia, 111., remaining a little over four years; from 
 there he came to Oakfield, in 1875, where he is now the station agent and operator, having been in the 
 employ of the C. & N.-W. R. R. Co., all this time. He married in July, 1872, in Burnett, Ada G., 
 daughter of Sophronia and Willis Cole, a hotel keeper of that place ; they have had three children — 
 Jessie R., Ernest G.. and P]dna G. Family attend the Congregational Church; he is a member of the 
 Masonic Order ; is politically, a Republican. 
 
 HENRY CORNELL, Postmaster, Oakfield ; born in Morris Co., N. J., in 1827; .son of 
 Ann and Jesse Cornell, a farmer ; in 1832, went to Upper Canada with his people. The subject of this 
 sketch was educated in the common schools of Canada, and was brought up on a farm ; also engaged in 
 lumbering; in 1849, came West and settled in Oakfield, working at transient work until 1851, when ho 
 bought a farm of eighty acres of his brother James ; continued on the farm for two years, then sold out 
 and bought a farm in Byron known aS the Bannister farm, and lived there for one year; after selling that, 
 he, in connection with his brother, bought the farm his brother now occupies in Byron , in 1856, sold out 
 his interest to his brother and went back to Canada, and engaged in the mercantile business in connection 
 with his brother William ; in 1858, they met with heavy losses and sold out their business ; in 1861, came 
 
OAKFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1003 
 
 "West again, to Byron, and rented a farm ; worked it until 18G4, when he came to Oakfielil, renting a 
 farm for one year ; in 1866, entered into the grocery business in the village of Oakfield ; in 1867, went 
 into a general store in connection with Messrs. Worthing & Bristol; in 1874, severed his connection with 
 that firm, and bought out N. Filby ; in October, 1875, sold out to W. S. Russell & Co., and then pur- 
 chased a store owned by Dr. Wm. Moore, and put in a general stock of goods, where he is now engaged 
 in business. He was married, in 1853, to Esther K., daughter of Kezia and Chas. Su.san, farmers of Oak- 
 field ; have had four children born to them — John H. (deceased), Chas. J., Frank (deceased), and Mary. 
 Mr. Cornell has held the oflBcos of Assessor and Justice of the Peace in the town of Byron, and is at 
 present Postmaster of Oakfield Village. He is a member of the Masonic Order, Oakfield Lodge, and a 
 member of the Congregational Church ; his politics are Republican. 
 
 HARJIOIV J. PREIVCH, farmer, P. 0. Oak Center; born in New York State in 1819; is 
 the son of Mahala and Ely French, a shoemaker and farmer. The subject of this sketch moved with his 
 parents at an early age, to Westfield, Mass., where he received a common-school education ; he was brought 
 up a farmer, and has made that his principal business all his life; in 1848, he came to Wiscon.sin and 
 settled on the farm where he now resides, buying at that time eighty acres, paying $325 for it ; he is the 
 present owner of 180 acres in 'Fond du Lac Co., and twenty acres in Dodge Co., probable value, $60 per 
 acre. He married in Lamartine, Jan. 27, 1853, Ann Eliza, daughter of Clarissa and Thomas Stoddard, 
 a mason by trade; they had five children — Harmon H. (deceased), George F., Ann E. (deceased), Willie 
 and Eddie ; this wife died, July 31, 1873 ; married a second wife July 8, 1874, to Maria C., daughter of 
 Clarissa and Palmer Perry, a firmer of New York State. Mr. French is a member of the Oakfield 
 Grange ; is politically a Republican. 
 
 VALENTINE E. GALLOWAY, farmer. Sec. 3; P. 0. Lamartine; born in Harrisburg, 
 Lewis Co., N. Y., in 1822; son of Ann and Chas. Galloway, a farmer of that county. The subject of 
 this sketch received his education in the common schools of that time, and was encaged in farming; with 
 his father until the age of 25 ; he then bought a farm in the same town and settled on it with his wife ; 
 he remained there until 1850 ; he then .sold that property and bought another farm in the same town, of 
 136 acres, and continued on that place until 1863; in the spring of 1865, he came West, to Wisconsin, 
 and bought the farm, on which he now resides, of R. F. Tallmadge. Mr. Galloway married in Oswego 
 Co., Sept. 22, 1846, Nancy A., daughter of Henry W. and Laura Chafa, a Baptist clergyman, of Jefier- 
 son Co., N. Y.; they have had four children — an infant (deceased), Chas. Wm. (deceased), Chas. Wm.. 
 and Willie E. The fiimily attend the M. E. Church. He has held the office of Chairman of the town 
 for several terms, and is politically a Republican. Is the present owner of 184^ acres of land in Sec. 3. 
 town of Oakfield. probable value, S50 per acre. 
 
 CARTER Z. GORDON, farmer; P. 0. Oakfield; born in Lewis Co., N. Y., in 1828; is 
 the son of Emily and David Gordon, a millwright of that county ; the subject of this sketch was edu- 
 cated in the common schools of his native place; at the age of 15, went to work at the carpenter and 
 joiner's trade; in 1850, he came West and located in Pond du Lac. working at his trade for two years; 
 he then went into the lumber busine.ss, working for J. C. Littlefield ; then, in connection with John Bon- 
 nell, entered into the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds ; continued with him until April, 1864, when 
 he commenced working for C. J. L. Meyer, superintending the building of what is called the old factory; 
 at the completion of that, he commenced the superintending of the large factory, and was general manager 
 of the work until its completion; in 1869, he was engaged in superintending the running of McDonald & 
 Stewart's factory; in 1870, he again went into the employ of Mr. Meyer; in 1874-75, he managed the 
 building and putting-in of the machinery of the Chicago factory; in February, 1876, he moved to his 
 farm in the town of Oakfield, where he now resides, and is the present owner of 100 acres of land, part 
 of it being in the village of Oakfield ; probable value, 875 per acre. Mr. Gordon was married in Lewis 
 Co., N. Y., in 1849, to Mary, daughter of Elijah Thompson, a hotel-keeper of the county seat of that 
 county ; they have had eight children born to them — Libby, Ida, Alice, Jennie, Louie, Jessie, Carrie and 
 Kent (deceased). His politics are Republican. 
 
 HENRY F. HANSEN, miller and proprietor of Oakfield Mills, Oakfield ; born in Stern- 
 burg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in 1846 ; is the son of Sophia and John Hansen, a shoemaker; the subject 
 of this sketch was educated in the common schools of that place ; in 1857, came with his people to the 
 United States, and located in Calumet until 1865 ; from that time until 1872, ho traveled in most of the 
 Southern States; at the age of 17, Henry learned the trade of carriage and wagon maker, and, at the 
 age of 19, commenced to learn the carpenter, joiner and millwright's trade; he followed that until 1874, 
 when he commenced business in Oakfield, as miller, which he has followed ever since, and now is the pro- 
 prietor of the Oakfield Mills, with two run of stone, doing custom work principally. His fa'her is still 
 living iti the town of Friendship, engaged in firming. Henry attends the Episcopal Cliurdi. 
 
1004 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 LjUCIUS F. HAIjIj, farmer and proprietor of Hatch farm, Sec. 20; P. O. Oak Center; born 
 in Chili, Monroe Co., N. Y., in 1837, son of Susannah and John M. Hall, a farmer; at the age of 8 years 
 he came with his parents to Rock Co., Wis., near Janesville ; Lucius received his education in the common 
 schools of that place, and, at the age of 22, went to railroading for the Chicago & North-Wtstern Railway 
 Company, being in their employ for seventeen years — acting as conductor; on leaving the road in 1876, 
 he bought the farm on which he now resides, of 236 acres in Sees. 20 and 27, known as the Hatch farm. 
 He married in Concord, Wis., in 1863, Maria S., daughter of Cyrus and Sophia Holmes, a farmer of Jef- 
 ferson Co.; they have one child — Claude. Mr. Hall is a member of the Masonic Order and belongs to 
 the Western Star Lodge, Janesville. He is politically independent. 
 
 SOLOMOX B. HOWARD (deceased) was born on the 8th of May, 1803, in West Spring- 
 field, Mass., son of Clarissa and Andrew Howard; his father was a soldier of the Revolution, and, in his 
 16th year, was in that winter march under Washington through New England, on our northern frontier 
 soon after, and during the winter at Valley Forge. The subject of this sketch, at the age of 9 years, 
 went with his parents to Belchertown, Mass.; he received his education in this place, and was brought up 
 on a farm; in the spring of 1845, he visited Wisconsin, and entered his land — -removing his family in 
 July, 1 847 ; he then owned 340 acres lying in Sees. 29 and 32 ; Mr. Howard lived and died very much 
 respected by his neighbors and greatly beloved by his family ; he was a man of thought, earnest and active 
 in business, devoted and affectionate as a husband and father, deeply reverent and sympathetic in the 
 service of God ; when a young man he made public profession of faith in Christ, and united with the Con- 
 gregational Church, in the communion of which he remained till his death, Jan. 8, 1880. He married in 
 We.stfield, Mass., Oct. 14, 1834, Betsy, daughter of Pricilla and Elijah Carrier, a firmer ; had eight 
 children born to them — Elisabeth J., Clarissa, Solomon H. (died in the warj, Harriet P., Spencer A., 
 Myron C, Ann Eliza, Harper A. P. 0. Oak Center. 
 
 -i-HEXRY D, HITT, farmer. Sees. 14andl5; P. 0. Oakfield; was born in Danby, Rutland Co,. 
 Vi., in 1823 ; is the son of Lydia and William Hitt, a farmer of that county ; 1830, moved with his people to 
 Orville, same county; in 1835, they moved to the town of Addison, Addison Co., Vt. ; the subject of this 
 sketch received a common-sihool and academic education in Vermont; he remained in Addison Co. until 
 1848, occupied in teaching school in the winter and engaged in farming in the summer seasons ; he then 
 came to Wisconsin — directly to Oakfield — and located on the spot where he now resides, purchasing 120 
 acres of land, at about S3 per acre. He was married, in Addison Co., Vt., to Lydia A., daughter of 
 Mary and Moses Bristol, a farmer of that county ; they have had six children born to them — Charles J., 
 S. Arthur (deceased), Eugene T., Jessie R.. Lilly F., Carrie P. Mr. Hitt has held the offices of Town 
 Clerk, School Superintendent, Chairman of Board of Supervisors, Justice of the Peace, and Representative 
 of his Assembly District ; is now President of the Fond du Lac Agricultural Society ; he is the owner of 
 420 acres of land in Sees. 14, 15, 23, in the town of Oakfield, and 160 acres joining the city of Russell, 
 Kan.; in 1873, he put up a handsome brick residence, commanding a fine view of the village, and also 
 of Fond du Lac and Lake Winnebago, ten miles distant. His family attend the Congregational Church ; 
 he is politically a Republican. 
 
 -^ E. A. Hl'BBARD, farmer; P. 0. Oakfield; born in the town of Batavia, N. Y. State, in 
 1824; son of Serepta and Hugh Hubbard, a farmer; the subject of this sketch received his education in 
 the common schools of his native place, and was brought up on a farm ; in 1844, he came West with his 
 people, and, for one summer, he lived in W^alworth Co. ; they then removed to Oakfield ; in the winter of 
 1847-78, he purchased a half of Sec. 23, in same town, and lived there until the spring of 1852, when 
 he went overland to California, remaining there for thirteen months engaged in prospecting, working on a 
 farm, etc., he also bought a thrashing machine and thrashed for one season ; he then returned by water 
 and land to Oakfield, where he has remained ever since engaged in farming. He married, in Byron, 
 in April, 1853, Julia A., daughter of David Percy, a farmer of Le Roy, Dodge Co., formerly from Chau- 
 tauqua Co., N. y. ; have had sis children — Earl E., Elida (dead), Myrta (married), Tji!, Mattie, Cora. 
 Mr. Hubbard is a member of the L 0. 0. F., Oakfield Lodge No. 174, and he has held the ofBce of 
 Chairman of his town ; he is the present owner of 540 acres of land in the town of Oakfield, also five lot* 
 of viliase property. He is politically a Republican. 
 
 - ' MARTIN R. HUBBARD, Oakfield ; bom in Genesee Co.,N. Y., in 1833; son of Serepta 
 and Hugh Hubbard, a farmer; at the age of 8 years he came with his parents to Walworth Co., Wis., and 
 in 1845, they came to Oakfield, and settled on a farm his father had previously purchased ; Martin was 
 educated in the common schools of Oakfield, and was brought up on the farm ; when he was 22 years of 
 age he bought forty acres of land known as the Beeson place ; he afterward bought 120 acres more ; he has 
 lived in this town ever since ; has been engaged in farming and dealing quite largely in stock ; about the 
 
OAKFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1005 
 
 1st of January, 1880, in connection with Mr. George W. King, he entered into the hay-pressing business, 
 building a large hay barn and putting; in a Dederick press, running by steam power. He married, in 1858, 
 in Mayville, Louisa, daughter of David Percy, of Le Roy, Dodge Co. ; they have had six children — 
 Rodema. Sorepta, Julia, Hugh (deceased), Joseph, Nona (dead); he is the present owner of 380 acres of 
 land in the town of Oakfiold. Politically a Republican. 
 
 HAYWARI) JONES, Oakfield ; born in the town of Vershire, Vt., in 1810, is the son of 
 Esther and Samuel Jones, a farmer of that place ; Hay ward was educated in the common schools of his 
 native place ; in 1825, he moved with his people to Venango Co., town of Allegheny, Penn., and at the 
 age of 17 he learned the carding and cloth-dres.sing business, and worked at it until lS'5-1: he then took 
 up farming and continued at that until 1844; he then carac to Wisconsin and bought a farm on Mound 
 Prairie, town of Byron, of forty acres, paying $300 for it; he lived on that farm until 1874, when he 
 came to Oakfield, buying and locating on village property, where be has made his liome ever since. He 
 married in Pennsylvania in 1835, Maria, daughter of Hannah and Perrin Ross, a farmer of that State; 
 the children are as follows — Esther (deceased ), Lyman B., Irene E., Sophronia M., Perrin C, Holsey B., 
 Lucinda M., Eliza (deceased), Delilah M. Mr. Jones has been a member of the School Board of Byron, 
 and is politically a Republican-; his family attend the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 OEOR<i}E W. KIX<i}, proprietor of elevator, Oakfield; born in Lowville, Lewis Co., N. Y , 
 in 1825, son of Sophia and Solomon King, who, in his younger days, was a sailor, and during his voyages 
 wrote a very interesting journal of his observations from all parts of the world ; after leaving his sailor 
 life he went to work at his trade as millwright, and afterward built and ran the largest mill in New York 
 State at that time, and died just as the first run of stone was completed. The subject of this sketch 
 received his education in the common scliools of that time, and, at the age of 14, went to work in the 
 woolen mills, learning the trade of the manufacturing of woolen goods ; continued at that for ten years, 
 working for the same man. J. A. Willard, and the two last years acted as manager for him ; in August, 
 1849, he came to Fond du Lac, Wis., and engaged in farming, hotel-keeping, etc.; until August, 18G2, 
 when he enlisted in Co. H, 32d W. V. I., under Capt. William S. Burrows, and served through the entire 
 war, when he was mustered out — he served for about a year as private, then as non-commissiond officer for 
 about ten months, the balance of his service as Second and First Lieutenant ; he was laid up for about 
 sixty days with rheumatism, from which he has never fully recovered; after he was mustered out he opened 
 a sample-room and billiard parlor in the American House; in 1866 closed out his business, and until 1869 
 was laid up with sickness ; on recovery, he opened the Astor hall billiard-rooms ; after about one 
 year's business there he sold out to H. Hickey, and came to Oakfield, built the first elevator in Oakfield, 
 which he continued running until July, 1879, when he was burned completely out ; he rebuilt, and in 
 .sixty days had his new one, with all the modern improvements, running, where he has continued ever since. 
 Mr. King was married in Lowville, N. Y., in 1847, to Emily A., daughter of Hannah and James Green ; 
 have had four children born to them — Emma E., Edgar H., Frank E., and Altabell. The fomily attend 
 the INIcthodist Episcopal Church ; his politics is Republican. 
 
 LEVI LARISE, farmer. Sec. 1; P. 0. Oakfield; born in the year 1821, in Allegheny Co., 
 Penn.; is the son of Esther and Jonathan Large, a farmer of that county ; the subject of this sketch 
 was educated in the subscription schools of that time and place, and was brought up a farmer ; he also 
 followed milling part of his life; he came West in the spring of 18.)4, directly to Fond du Lac Co., and, 
 during the first five years of his residence here, was engaged in milling in Oakfield; in 1859, bought the 
 farm where he now resides, and has made it hi^ home ever since ; at the time of his purchase, there being 
 but three houses in si2;ht. He was married in 1845, in Allegheny Co. Penn., to Nancy, daughter of Nancy 
 and Hugh Kennedy, her father being a farmer of that county ; they have had children born to them — Cyrus 
 W., Samuel L., Nancy J., Martha J., Sarah E., Florence E. (deceased), Emma M., Charles S. He is the 
 owner of 170 acres of land, lying in Sec. 0, Byron, and Sec. 1, 0.ikfield, probable value $55 per acre ; 
 he has held the office of School Director, and is at present Clerk of the School Board, No. 10, Oakfield. 
 Attends the Congregational Church, and is politically a Republican. 
 
 THttMASLEEMOSr, farmer. Sees. 8 and 17; P. O. Oak Center; born in Albany Co., N. 
 Y., in 1823; son of Either and Robert Leemon, a farmer of that place. The subject of this sketch 
 received his education in the common schools of his native place, and was brought up a farmer, which he 
 has always followed with the exception of one year that he worked at the blacksmith trade when he was 
 19 years of age; in 1854, he came West, and located in Oakfield, buying eighty acres of land, paying 
 $600 for it ; he afterward bought an adjoining thirty acres, paying the same price for that; he is the 
 present owner of 348 acres of land, probable value $60 per acre, all in Oakfield in Sees. 8 and 1 7, with the 
 exception of thirty acres lying in Dodge Co.; he is also the owner of some city property. He married in 
 
1006 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Albany Co., N. Y., on Dec. 26, 1850, Pinetta, daughter of Submit and John Boomhower, a farmer of 
 Schoharie Co. N. Y.; have had sis children — Helen, Elmina, Hayes (infant, deceased), Emma, A. J. 
 (deceased). Mr. Leemon has held the office of Treasurer and Director of the School Board ; he is politi- 
 cally a Democrat. 
 
 -^ WILLiIAlU MOORE, M. D., Oakfield; born in Oxford Co., Canada, in the year 1825 ; is 
 the son of Sarah and Daniel Moore, farmers, and both livina; at this date ; the subject of this sketch was 
 educated in the common schools of Canada and the Medical University of Buifalo ; he graduated in 1850; 
 in 1852 he commenced practice in Lancaster, Schuyler Co., Mo., and in 1861 came to Oakfield, and has 
 made it his home ever since. He was married in 1852 to Caroline, daughter of Charlotte and Truman 
 Parkhill, a farmer of Empire ; had three children by this wife, all deceased ; wife died in 1863 ; married to 
 second wife in 1865, Olive A., daughter of Moses Webster, a saddler and fanner of Oakfield ; had two 
 children by this wife — William W. and Charles H.; this wife died of consumption in 1875; be was mar- 
 ried to present wife in 1877, she being Louisa G., daughter of Mary and John Hobbs, farmers of Byron. 
 Dr. Moore is a member of the Masonic Order, Oakfield Lodge, Chaijter of Fond du Lac; he is the present 
 owner of 290 acres of land in the town of Oakfield, divided into three farms ; probable value $65 per 
 acre ; he is living in the village of Oakfield. 
 
 MYROX T. MORiGAN, Oakfield ; born in Steuben Co., Ind., in 1847; he is the son of Erne- 
 line and Theodore Morgan, a carpenter and builder, formerly from New York State ; in 1848 he came with 
 his people to Lomira, Dodge Co., Wis., and after living there for three years they all went to New York 
 State ; when he was 8 years old his folks moved back to Dodge Co.; the subject of this sketch received his 
 education in the common schools of his time, and at the age of 18 he commenced work at the carpenter 
 and builder's trade ; in 1874 he came to Oakfield, carrying on the business of carpenter and builder until 
 1878, when he started a lumber-yard on the west side of the railroad track, near the depot, and has been 
 carrying on that business, steadily increasing ever since ; he is now, in connection with Mr. O. W. Willard, 
 engaged in putting up a mill for the manufacture of wagon material, expecting to be ready to start about 
 April 1. He married in Chester, Dodge Co., Dec. 3, 1879, Emma F., daughter of Philander H. and 
 Nancy H. Cole, farmers. The family attend the Episcopal Church ; he is politicallv a Republican. 
 
 ISAAC ORVIS; P. O. Oakfield; born in Addison Co., Vt., in 1809; son of Lillis and Loren 
 Orvis, a farmer and dairyman of that county. The subject of this sketch received his education in the 
 schools of his native place, and lived there until 1831, when he removed with his wife and one child to 
 the township of Whitly, then the county of York, Upper Canada; he remained there until 1846, when 
 he came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and moved his family here in the fall of the same year. He has made 
 Oakfield his home ever since ; during his residence in this town, he has been engaged in farming, milling 
 and wheat-buying. He married, Sept. 8, 1831, Gulielma, daughter of Elizabeth and Aaron Dean, a farmer 
 of Warren Co., N. Y. ; they have had nine children — Henry D. ; Loyd M., deceased; George; Charles, 
 deceased ; John J. ; Albert, deceased ; Emily, deceased ; Francis T. ; James, deceased. Mr. Orvis first 
 purchased 219 acres of land for $1,800 ; he is now residing on village property, owned by him in the vil- 
 lage of Oakfield ; he is at present, holding the office of Justice of the Peace, and in 1864 was acting Sheriff 
 of Fond du Lac County; in 1847, assisted by Alvin Foster, of Mayville, Mr. Van Order, of Neosho, and 
 Lucius Hurlburt, of Lomira, he procured by petition and diaf;ram the first mail route from Oconomowoc 
 to Fond du Lac, and Mr. 0. was appointed the first Postmaster of Oakfield. His politics. Greenbacker. 
 
 CHARLES B. PARRATT, farmer. Sec. 34; P. O. Oakfield; born in Somersetshire, 
 England, in 1821 ; son of Jane and James Parratt, a carpenter by trade. The subject of this sketch 
 received his education in the common schools of his native place ; after leaving school, he worked with his 
 father at the carpenter's trade, and also did gardening and general work ; in 1842, he came to the United 
 States and stopped in New York State for about eight months ; he then moved to Huron Co., Ohio, and 
 engaged in farming for eight years; then he came to Wisconsin and lived in Greenbush for about four 
 months ; he then came to Oakfield, buying the southeast quarter of Sec. 33, where he has made his home 
 ever since ; he is the present owner of 240 acres of land lying in Sees. 33 and 34. He married in 
 England, in 1842, Ann, daughter of Doratha and John Billings, a machinist; had six children by this 
 wife, two now living — Alvin J.; Evalyn M. ; this wife died Feb. 4, 1860; he married his second wife 
 Nov. 21, 1862, in Oakfield, Sophronia M., daughter of Haywood and Maria Jones; had one child by this 
 wife, now dead ; family are members of the Oakfield Grange'; he has been a member of the Board of 
 Supervisors. Is politically a Republican. 
 
 _•■: EDSON A. PL'TN AM, Oakfield; bom in Washington Co., Vt., in 1832; is the son of 
 Cynthia and Leander Putnam, a farmer. The subject of this sketch received an academic and common- 
 school education in Vermont, and, at the age of 19, learned the trade of carpenter and joiner and millwright ; 
 
OAKFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1007 
 
 in 1855, came West with his people and located on a farm in Lamartine, and, for about eighteen 
 months, Mr. Putnam lived in that town, working at his trade ; from there he came to Oakfield and 
 bought some village property, and built a sash, door and blind factory in partnership with J. T. White; in 
 1868, Mr. White sold out to William O'Bryan, and the firm was Putnam k 0' Bryan until 1871, when 
 William Blair bought out Mr. O'Bryan's interest, and the firm was Putnam & Blair until Jan. 1, 1879, 
 when they closed out the business completely. He married in Oakfield, Jan. 8, 1859, Adelia D., daugh- 
 ter of Clyminie and Moses Webster, a farmer of Oakfield ; they have had five children born to them — 
 William, Carrie and Bertie, all deceased, and Efiie and Elizabeth, living. Mr. Putnam has held the office 
 of Supervisor and Superintendent of Schools, and, in 1875-76, was a member of the Legislature from his 
 district; he is the owner of village property. 
 
 CHAL'NCY A. RECTOR, carpenter and joiner, Oakfield; born in Erie Co., N. Y., iu 
 1824, is the son of Parthenia and Nicholas D. Rector, a Baptist clergyman of that county. Chaunoy was 
 educated in the common schools of that time, and worked on until the age of 23, when he learned the 
 trade of carpenter and joiner, working at his trade in Erie Co. until 1860, when he came west to Le Roy, 
 Dodge Co., Wis., and lived there until 1863 ; he then came to the town of Oakfield, bought a farm, mak- 
 ing it his home, but still working at his trade, until 1876, when he built a fine brick residence at the head 
 of Mill street, on a hill, commanding a full view of Oakfield Village, where he is now living. He mar- 
 ried in Erie Co., Dec. 24, 1846, Ann E., daughter of Margariti and Thomas Burnett, a farmer of that 
 county; they have had four children born to them — Elon A., Margariti P., Fremont C. and Helen F. 
 Is the present owner of .sixteen and a half acres of village property, and are members of the Congregational 
 Church ; politics, Republican. Probable value of his property, 64,000. 
 
 WILIilAM I. RIPL,E Y, flirmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Oakfield ; born in Clarendon, Vt., in 
 1812 ; son of Laura Torrence and Isaac Ripley, a molder in a furnace; from there moved to Bennington, 
 Vt.; the subject of this sketch received a common-school education in the schools of that place ; at the 
 age of 14 he commenced working in a cotton-manufacturing establishment, and, in 1830, moved to Troy, 
 N. Y., living in the Fifth Ward of that city, then called the village of Albia, and still following the same 
 occupation ; afler leaving Albia, he traveled to several different cities of New York and Vermont, and, in 
 1835, was made the agent for Arnold, Robinson & Co., of Sand Lake, proprietors of the Sand Lake Cot- 
 ton Warp Co., and continued as their manager until 1841 ; he then engaged in the mercantile business 
 with his brother-in-law. Col. J. M. Lawrence, in Belleview, Ohio, remaining there until 1842, when he 
 sold out to him, and with a stock of goods came to Fond du Lac, Wis,, and located in what was called at 
 that time the old Block House, at the forks of the river: in the flill of the same year he came to Oakfield, 
 settling on land that he had previously bought — 160 acres of GTovernment land ; he opened a general store, 
 and continued in trade until 1854, when he sold out and gave his attention to farming, and continued on 
 the farm until I860 ; he then moved into the village where he has resided ever since. He married, in 
 Dutchess Co., N. Y., in 1835, Hannah, daughter of Hannah Hall and Luther Lombard, a farmer, of Lud- 
 low, Mass. They have had eight children — William H. (deceased), Henry A. (dead), Charles E., Henry 
 A., Laura A. (dead), Louisa A. (dead), Alice A. (dead), Emma (dead). Mr. Ripley held the office of 
 Postmaster under Fillmore for four years ; has been Justice of the Peace, also. Chairman of the Board. 
 Family are members of the Congregational Church, and he is now serving as one of its deacons. He is 
 the present owner of 200 acres of land in Oakfield, part bting village property in Sees. 14, 21 and 27. 
 His son, Charles E., is an extensive farmer in Oakfield, and his other son, Henry A., is doing a fine busi- 
 ness — running a large lumber yard in the village. 
 
 ^^--W. S. RUSSELiLi, dealer in butter, eggs and poultry, Oakfield; born in Broome Co., near 
 Binghamton, N. Y,, in 1840 ; he is the son of Helen and Lucius P. Russell, a farmer and lumberman of 
 that place. The subject of this sketch received an academic education in New York State; in 1855, 
 removed with his people to the city of Fond du Lac, and clerked for his father in the grocery business, on 
 the corner of Third and Main streets; he remained there until 1857, when they came to Oakfield and 
 settled on a farm formerly owned by Charles Willard ; worked on the farm until the war broke out, and, 
 in September, 1861, he enlisted under Capt. Ward, and served through the entire war, going in as a 
 musician, and coming out as Fife Major; while in the army, he was twice taken to the hospital with 
 fevers, and was laid up six months, and has never fully recovered, physically; in 1866, he commenced 
 traveling on the road for wholesale grocery firms, and continued in that business until 1876, when he 
 bought out Henry Cornell and entered into partnership with Allen Filby, under the firm name of W. S. 
 Russell & Co.; in September, 1879, he bought out Mr. Filby, continuing the business alone. Mr. Russell 
 is one of the largest handlers of choice butter and produce in Wisconsin ; he ships of poultry alone from 
 eight to ten tons per season, and of butter, from seventy-five to eighty -five tons; his trade is steadily 
 
1008 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 increasing every year, and he now receives a great many orders more than he can possibly fill; he ships to 
 all portions of the United States, and his average sales per year are §40,000. He is the present owner of 
 city property in Fond du Lac, also of village property in Oakfield. Aug. 26, 1867, he married Phebe, 
 daughter of Ladoiska and Nathaniel Gage, a farmer and old settler of the town of Lom'ra, Dodge Co.; 
 have had four children born to them — Edna E. (deceased), Willis L., Julius S. (deceased ) and May E. 
 He is a member of the Masonic Order, Oakfield Lodge, and Royal Arch Mason of the Darling Chapter 
 of Fond du Lac ; are members of the Episcopal Church of Oakfield ; politically, he is a Republican. 
 
 ~-UJA.C0B Jl. SIMJIONS, Postmaster, Oak Center ; born in Berlin, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., in 
 1839, is the son of Silusia and Peter Simmons, a farmer ; in 1S46, came West with his people and located 
 in Oakfield, his father pre-empting 160 acres of Government land. The subject of this sketch received a com- 
 mon-school education in the schools of FondduLac Co.; at the age of 19 ho wentto work on a farm with his 
 father, working for him until 1866 ; he then bought a farm in Le Roy, Dodge Co., and lived on it one sum- 
 mer ; after selling that, he moved to Kekoskee, and bought an interest in a grist and flouring mill ; Mr. 
 Simmons was engaged in milling for ten years ; in 1876, he sold out to H. T. Hubbard, and bought a 
 place of half an acre at Oak Center Station, and buying out the business of J. W. Messer, is now keep- 
 ing a general stock of merchandise and dealing in farm produce ; he is also connected with his brother in 
 running an eleva'or at the station. He is a member of the I. O. 0. F., Oakfield Lodge : his political 
 views are Democratic. He married in Oakfield, in 1865, Fidelia S., daughter of Esther D. and A. A. 
 Swan, a former. 
 
 -ViPETER K. SIMMOXS, farmer. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Oak Center; born in Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 
 in 1805, son of Peter and Suphronia Simmons Kilmer ; at the age of 4 years he was adopted by 
 his uncle, Peter Simmons, he taking his uncle's name, Simmons ; the subject of this sketch received his 
 education in the common schools of his native place ; he was brought up on a farm ; at the age of 22 he 
 went to work for himself, working farms on shares, etc.; in 1816, he came West to Oakfield, taking up 160 
 acres of Government land in Sec. 29 ; he has lived on the same farm ever since. He married in 1828, at 
 New Lebanon, Selucia, daughter of Oliver E. Manning and Marcia Blanehard Manning, a sailor, farmer 
 and .shoemaker; they have had seven children— Emily S., Elizabeth, Nancy J. (dead), Luraney C, Cather- 
 ine H., Jacob M. and Henry P. Mr. Simmons has held the office of Assistant Supervisor and member of 
 the School Board a number of terms. He is the present owner of 246 acres of land in Sees. 28, 29 and 
 32 in Oakfield. He is a Democrat. 
 
 Ji^ttTLljIAM A. SMITH, farmer. Sees. 12 and 20; P. O. Oakfield; born in Go.shen, Orange 
 Co., N. Y., in the year 1817 ; is the son of Marion and Grant Smith, a farmer of that county; William 
 was educated in the common schools of his native place, and at the age of 16 learned the trade of wheel- 
 wright; in the fall of 1845, he came West and located in Galena, 111., working there at his trade for a few 
 months ; he then came to Fond du Lac Co., and engaged in farming on the place where he now resides, 
 buying his land of William R. Tallmadge, paying §2.50 per acre for 160 acres ; he has made this his home 
 ever since; at the present time he is the owner of 189 acre3, being in Sec. 18 in Byron, and Sees. 12 and 
 20 in Oakfield. Mr. Smith was married in Orange Co., N. Y., on Nov. 26, 1846, to Martha, daughter of 
 Elizabeth and Hezekiah Watkins, a farmer of that county ; they have had six children born to them — 
 John M., Harriet E. (deceased), Soloma A., James A., Marian and W. Watkins. He has held the ofiice 
 of Sui)ervisor ; Mr. S. and family are members of the Congregational Church of Fond du Lac ; he is 
 politically a Republican. 
 
 ARTHUR H. STEEIV, farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Oakfield ; born in the extreme North of Ire- 
 land in 1816, son of Frances and John L. Steen, a gardener on the Mansfield estate ; Arthur received his edu- 
 cation in the private schools of that time and place ; at the age of 17 he entered the business of gardening ; in 
 1837, he came to the United States, and located on Long Island, N. Y., where he engaged in the nursery 
 and gardening business; in 1841, he went to Western New York, to Livingstone Co., remaining there 
 until 1846; he then came to Wisconsin and located on the farm where he now resides; Mr. Steen is the 
 present owner of 144 acres of very fine farming land in Sec. 7 in Byron, and Sec. 12 in Oakfield ; prob- 
 able value, §60 per acre. He married, in 1841, Frances, daughter of Ann and Joseph Filby, a clothier and 
 tailor, of Queen's Co., N. Y. ; she died in Oakfield; they had five children — Frances A., Mary S., Joseph 
 F., John A. (deceased), and Arthur H., a physician in Minnesota. The family are members of the 
 Episcopal Church ; he i^ politically a Republican. 
 
 JAMES C. WELLS, Oakfield; born in Goffstown, N. H., in 1809; is son of Hannah and 
 Robert Wells, a carpenter and joiner by trade, and, for a great many years, keeper of a public house and 
 also proprietor of a large orchard and cider-mill, manufacturing over one hundred barrels of cider per 
 year; in 1811, James moved with his parents to Corinth, Orange Co., Vt.; in 1814, he moved to Lewis, 
 
m£% 
 
 .-# 
 
 Springvale. 
 
OAKFIELD TOWNSHIP. 1011 
 
 Essex Co., N. Y.; he received his education in the common schools of that place, and was brought up a 
 farmer; at the age of 17 he went to work for the celebrated Joe Call, in the saw-mill business, working 
 for him as boss sawyer most of the time until the age of 20 ; the next year he bought a farm in the town 
 of Lawrence, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., of seventy-two acres, and went to farming, and continued there 
 until 1834, having one of the best-stocked farms of that section ; he then sold out and went back to Lewis, 
 Essex Co., and lived with his wife's people for three years ; he then bought a farm of 200 acres — built a 
 house and stocked up the farm; in ISS-i, he sold out and came to Wisconsin, locating on a farm of 190 
 acres in the town of Oakfield, including also a large stone quarry ; he built a fine stone house and barn ; 
 also built and ran three lime-kilns, doing a very extensive business in lime, also building and flagging 
 stone, still carried on the farm and lived there until 1877, when he bought village property and built a 
 residence, where he has resided ever since; he sold his farm and quarries for $8,000 to Charles Town. Mr. 
 Wells was married in Essex Co., N. Y., in 1831, to Caroline A., daughter of Lydia and Joel H. Johnson, 
 a farmer of that county ; have had ten children — Mary E., Milo J., Oscar J., Augusta J. (deceased), 
 Martha J., Lucinda C, Helen R. (deceased), Leroy R., Fred W. and Alemburt G. They are members 
 of the Christian Advent Church. He has held the offices of member of the School Board and Treasurer. 
 Ib politics, a Republican. 
 
 IjEE white, Oakfield; born in East Montpelier, Vt., in 1849 ; is the son of John and Mary 
 J. White, the former a clergyman and farmer of that place; the subject of this sketch received his educa- 
 tion in the common schools of his native place; at the age of 18, he came to Wisconsin, stopping for one 
 year ; he then returned to Vermont, and went to work on the farm ; after working for two years, he went 
 to Springfield, Mass., and went to work for the Wasson Car Manufacturing Co.: after working for them 
 for a short time, he returned to the farm, and for several years was engaged in doing general work, farm- 
 ing, etc.; in 1877, he again came West to Wisconsin, and located in Oakfield ; he has been engaged in 
 the meat-market business, and is at present working for the Chicago & North-Western Railway Co. He 
 married, in 1871, in the town of Watcrbury, Vt., p]va J., daughter of Porter W. and Mary J. Thomas, 
 the former a merchant ; they have had one child — Ivan W., deceased ; the family attend the Congrega- 
 tional Church. Mr. White is a Republican. 
 
 OSCAR W. WIliliARD, carriage and wagon maker, Oakfield; born in Canaan, Columbia 
 Co., N. Y., in 1829 ; is the son of Harriet and Charles Willard, a blacksmith and farmer; Oscar, in 1833, 
 moved with his people to Fairport, thence to Brockport, and thence to Rochester ; in 1844, he came to 
 Milwaukee, and, in the spring of 1845, came to Oakfield, and has made this his home ever since ; he was 
 educated in the common schools of New York State, and at an eai'ly age learned the trade of blacksmith, 
 also of carriage and wagon maker, and has followed these trades during his residence here. He was mar- 
 ried, in Oakfield, to Theodosia, daughter of Hannah and John Moore, a farmer and miller; they have had 
 four children born to them — Florence, Frank, Eugene and Harry, deceased. In 1862, Mr. Willard joined 
 Co. P., 21st W. V. I., under Capt. Conklin ; was injured, and laid up in hospital four months, and was then 
 discharged. He has held the oflace of Constable for a number of terms ; is the owner of several pieces of 
 village property, and a large stone blacksmith and carriage shop ; his family attend the Episcopal Church, 
 and he is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., Oakfield Lodge. Politically, he is a Republican. 
 
 EDGAR WILCOX, farmer. Sees. 1 and 12; P.O. Oakfield; born in Genesee Co., N. Y., in 
 1830; is the son of Sarah and Jeremiah Wilcox, a farmer of that county; in 1845, came to Wisconsin 
 with his parents, and settled on a farm in Walworth Co; in 1849, went back to New York State, and 
 lived there until 1857, when he came West again, directly to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where he has made 
 his home ever since. He was married, in 1878, to Ellen A., daughter of Lydia M. and Rev. Samuel Dar- 
 ling, a Congregationalist clergyman of Oakfield; Mr. Wilcox is the owner of 200 acres of fine farming 
 land in Sees. 1 and 12, town of Oakfield; probable value $50 per acre. He has held the offices of Town 
 Clerk and Town School Superintendent, and, in 1864, was a member of the State Legislature from the 
 Fifth District ; is a member of the Masonic Order, Oakfield Lodge, and also of the Congregational 
 Church ; politically, be is a Republican. 
 
 JOHIV WOOKEY, fivrmer, Sec, 2; P, O. Oakfield; born in Somersetshire, England, in 
 1832 ; son of Elizabeth and John Wookey, a farmer ; John received a common-school education in the 
 schools of his native place, and followed farming with his father until the age of 17, when he came to the 
 United States and located in Kenosha, Wis., with his parents; in 1853, he went to Australia, and for six 
 years was occupied in mining; in 1859, he returned to America, and, in 1860, he located on the place 
 where he now resides, and has been occupied in farming ever since. He married, in Fond du Lac, Novem- 
 ber, 1859, Eliza, daughter of Benjamin and Mary Ann Stallard, the former a farmer of Rochester, N. 
 
 NN 
 
1012 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Y.; they have four children — Sydney, Edith, Lizzie and EflBe ; the family attend the Baptist Church ; he 
 is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., Oakfield Lodge, and is the present owner of 115 acres of laud in Sec. 2, 
 town of Oakfield ; probable value, $50 per acre. He is a Republican. 
 
 EMPIRE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 WIIjIjIAM. S. ADAMS, farmer, Sec. 32 ; is a son of Abram and Louisa Adams, natives of 
 Connecticut, but who, after their marriage, removed to Rutland Co., Vt., where William S. was born in 
 1818 ; he spent his life in his native county at farming, till 1847, whence he removed to the town of 
 Forest, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where he lived for about seventeen years ; here he was at first surrounded 
 on all sides by Indians, whose camps were not far from his pioneer house, and who often came to trade 
 their venison for corn and other desired articles which he chanced to have; in July, 18G5, he disposed of 
 that farm, and bought his present one of 160 acres in the above-given section of the town of Empire. In 
 1849, he married Miss Martha E., daughter of Worcester E. and Sarah E. Peck, of Castletown, Rutland 
 Co., Vt.; they have five children — Almira S.,born 1850; Wilson M.,born in 1852; Dayton, born in 1855; 
 Wilber C.,born in 1858; Ellsworth I., born in 1862. Mrs. Adams is a member of the Methodist Church 
 of Empire ; Mr. Adams has been Collector and Supervisor of the town of Empire. 
 
 JOHN BEiRRV, farmer. Sees. 28, 33 and 35 ; is of New England descent, though a native of 
 Dutchess Co., N. Y., where he was born Dec. 27, 1794; he is the son of Samuel Berry and Neoma 
 Greene, natives of Cape Cod, but immigrants to Dutchess Co., N. Y., nearly 100 years ago ; his father 
 was a tailor by trade, but lived on a small farm which he owned in that county till John was about 12 
 years of age, when they removed to Cayuga Co., N. Y.; at this time, John had a wealthy bachelor uncle 
 living in Putnam Co., N. Y., who soon after married, but having no children, took him (John), his name- 
 sake — to live with him on the farm, and, to whom, at his death, he left most of his estate ; after the death 
 of his uncle, he lived on the farm for several years, whence, in 1830, he removed his family to Peakskill, 
 N, Y., and for the next five years was engaged in steamboating from that point to New York City ; dis- 
 posing of his interest in this business, he next engaged in stock-dealing, and was what might be termed a 
 stock-drover, buying up large droves for the New York market ; in 1848 he came to Wisconsin and pur- 
 chased 220 acres of land in above-named sections, in the town of Empire, and has .since devoted his 
 time to farming. April 12, 1823, he was married to Miss Minerva, daughter of Nathaniel and Charlotte 
 Hyatt, of Putnam Co., N. Y., by whom he has had seven children, five sons and two daughters — Green 
 (deceased, killed in a railroad disaster in Iowa), Charlotte (now Mrs. M. Briggs, of the town of Eden), 
 Laura J. (deceased), Eugene (deceased), John (now with Fairbanks, of Chicago), Oscar and Theron. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Berry are members of the Methodist Church of Empire ; Mr. B. has been a member of the 
 County Board for a number of years. Such is a brief sketch of the life of one who has lived more than 
 his fourscore years, and, though quite enfeebled by age. is to-day a worthy example of true Christian 
 virtues. 
 
 GEORGE BIXXIXG, farmer, Sec. 27 ; is a native of Somersetshire, England ; born in 
 1827; son of Jeffry and Johannah Binning, nee Wall; at the age of 19 he set sail from Bristol 
 to seek a home in America's land ; reaching New York in June, 1847, he went to Queens Co., where he 
 remained till 1850, whence he removed to Wisconsin and bought a farm of eighty acres in the town of 
 Forest, Fond du Lac Co., which he made his home for eighteen months ; then to the town of Empire, 
 where, in fall of 1854, he bought a farm of 70 acres in Sec. 27, to which he has continually added until 
 he now has 300 acres in Sees. 21, 2G and 27. In 1853 he married Miss Ellen, daughter of William and 
 Mary Ottery, of Empire ; they have had eight children — -William (of Fond du Lac), Henry, John 
 (deceased), infant (deceased), Jefiry, Charles, Mary J., and Ella. Mr. Binning has been a member of 
 the Town Board for two terms, and is politically a Republican ; the family are connected with the Pres- 
 byterian Church. 
 
 MRS. ORPHA BRIGGS, Sees. 14 and 15 ; P. O. Pond du Lac; is a daughter of Peleg 
 and Hannah Briggs, of Dutchess Co., N. Y., but emigrated to Luzerne Co., Penn., in March, 1818, where 
 Orpha was born Oct. 5, 1821 ; she was educated in the district schools of her native county, after which 
 she followed teaching for two years. In the spring of 1854, she, with her husband, Mr. Taylor, removed 
 to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on a farm belonging to Mr. Isaac Tallmadge, in the town of Empire ; 
 two years after, they removed to Mr. John Meiklejohn's fiirm, and, in 1856, they bought 100 acres of land in 
 
EMPIRE TOWNSHIP. 1013 
 
 Sees. 14 and 15, to which thej removed in the following year; she has since bought twenty acres in the 
 same section^ which makes her a farm of seventy acres ; they had two sons and one daughter — Peleg B. 
 Taylor, deceased; Hannah E., now Mrs. Andrew Willard, of Plymouth Co., Iowa; Reuben H. Taylor. 
 
 THOMAS BROWNSELiL, farmer. Sees. 5 and 8 ; son of Benjamin and Elizabeth 
 Brownseli, born in Buckinghamshire, England, in 1825 ; in 1845, he, with his parents, came to America, 
 and settled in Racine, now Kenosha Co., Wis., whence, in 1850, to Walworth Co. for four years; thence, 
 in 1854, to Fond du Lac Co., where he bought a farm of 135 acres, SO of which is in Sec. 8, and 55 
 acres in Sec. 5, town of Empire ; he also has 48 acres in Sec. 28, town of Forest. In 1850, he married 
 Miss Mary A., daughter of Abram and Elizabeth Rhodus, natives of Yorkshire, England, but immigrants 
 to Kenosha Co., Wis., in 1844; they have had four children, three daughters and one son — Sarah J., 
 deceased ; Fannie, widnw of the late Henry Ottery, deceased, died Jan. 29, 1877 ; Mary E., Fredrick C. 
 
 JAMES BUKXELLi, farmer. Sees. 34 and 35 ; is a son of Patrick Burnell and Hannah 
 Sullivan ; born in County Clare, Ireland, in 1829 ; he spent his time there at flirming till the spring of 
 1853, whence set sail for America, and, after a two-months sail, landed in New York Harbor May 27 ; he 
 then removed to Litchfield Co., Conn., where, for three years, he was employed at farm labor and mining, 
 whence, in 1856, he came to Wisconsin, and for two years following he was employed by the farmers ; 
 he saved his earnings, till, by careful management, he was, in 1858, able to buy a farm of eighty acres in 
 Sees. 34 and 35, in the town of Empire, which is now worth about $60 per acre, and now enjoys the com- 
 forts of a pleasant home, as the fruits of his industry and economy. In September, 1857, he married Miss 
 Mary, daughter of Thomas and Julia Roughan, of Fond du Lac, she being a native of County Clare, Ire- 
 land ; they have four children — -Honora, Mary Ann, Patrick H. and James. Mr. B. and family are 
 members of St. Joseph's Catholic Church. 
 
 SILiAS R. CHARLES, farmer, Sec. 34 ; a native of this town ; born in 1851, and is the 
 son of John and Mirinda Charles, now of the town of Taycheedah ; Silas grew up on the fiirm, but 
 learned the blacksmith's trade with his father, which he followed for seven years, much of the time in the 
 employ of the Chicago & North-Western R. R. Co., after which he took up the carpenter and joiner's trade, 
 which he continued in the interest of the company for about six years ; in 1873, he gave up his trade, and 
 removed to a farm of eighty acres, in Sec. 34, town of Empire, which his father had given him. In June, 
 1874, he married Miss Pheba, daughter of Edmund and Eliza A. Robinson, of Holland, Sheboygan Co. 
 Mr. Charles is a member of the Methodist Church, and his wife of the United Brethren. 
 
 GrUSTAVE DE BfETEU, farmer ; the subject of the following sketch is believed to be the 
 oldest resident of Fond du Lac County. He is the son of Francis Joseph De Neveu and Elizabeth T. 
 Monnoir, of Savigny, Prance, born March 30, 1811 ; when a young man, 19 years of age, his father 
 joined the expedition sent out by King Louis XVI, under Count d'Estang to aid the Americans in their 
 struggle for independence, as an ensign on board the ship Scipio, a seventy-fosr-gun line-of-battle ship 
 commanded by Capt. de Lamotte Piquet. The fleet was met by an English expedition commanded by 
 Admiral Kempenfeld, and the battle that followed was indecisive, though the French were worsted by 
 the encounter, and lost some sixteen transports loaded with troops and munitions of war for the Americans, 
 out of about 200 such vessels. The opposing parties separated in the darkness, and the French put back 
 to Brest, where his father was left in hospital with a leg broken by a British bullet. Before he had 
 recovered, the French, having repaired damages, sailed again, and this time reached America. Thus hav- 
 ing inherited a sympathetic feeling for America, Gustave, in December, 1834, four years after having 
 finished his education in military school of La Fleche and the College of Vendome, set sail for a visit to 
 America, and also to study the English language, which he pursued at Milford, Penn., for a short time, 
 and then devoted his time to teaching French in Schuylersville, N. Y., for about five months ; Sept. 1, 1835, 
 he started on his return home, which he reached about nineteen days after, spending the shooting season at 
 home ; he went to Paris in the fliU and there spent about five months in the study of art, whence in June, 
 1836, he set sail again for America in the ship " Syoie de Grasse," William Cullen Bryant being among 
 its passengers, reaching New York July 17, thence to Batavia, that State, and then followed the teacher's 
 profession for some time, whence in 1838 he immigrated to Wisconsin, stopping a while at Green Bay, then 
 visiting Fond du Lac, where he purchased about five hundred acres of land in the town of Empire ; he 
 then returned to Batavia, N. Y. and there spent the winter in teaching, after which, in the spring of 1839, 
 he came again to Fond du Lac and made his permanent settlement on his farm, where he has spent most 
 of his time at agricultural pursuits, though he has devoted part of his time with his books. He was nomi- 
 nated for Senator on the Greenback ticket in 1877 ; was elected President of the Fond du Lac County 
 Agricultural Society in 1879. Jan. 4, 1840, he married Miss Harriet P., daughter of John and Rosalie 
 Dousman, of the Island Mackinaw; they have had eleven children, as follows: Matilda M., now Mrs. H. 
 
101-4 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 W. Tusten, of Russell, Kan. ; Julia M., Mrs. John Beeson, of Vancouver, Washington Territory ; Edward, 
 of Russell, Kan. ; Emily; Gustave ; Francis J. ; Arthur E.. deceased; Virginia R. ; Hattie ; George W. 
 and Lucy R. 
 
 WILLIAM EDWARDS, farmer, Sees. 23 and 26; is a son of Richard and Martha Ed- 
 wards, nee Willard, of Somersetshire, England; was born in June, 1816. His father owned a small farm 
 in that country, but was more commonly known as a coachman ; William's literary advantages were quite 
 limited, though he lacked none of that resolution of will which, under adverse circumstances, is essential to 
 success; on the 25th of March, 185(1, he set sail for America, and landed in New York in the following 
 May, stopping for about eighteen months in Cayuga Co., N. Y. ; he then went to Sippervale, near 
 Auburn, ^. Y., for about the same length of time, whence, in 1854, he removed to Cook Co., III., and 
 settled on a little place eighteen miles south of Chicago ; here he spent another eighteen months at honest 
 toil, and in 1856, he removed to the town of Empire, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where he purchased a 
 small farm of 40 acres in Sec. 26, which, by his industry and careful management, he has gradually 
 improved and increased to one of 200 acres, besides buying another of 73 acres in Sec. 23, same town, 
 for his son Albert. In 1853, he was married to Mi.ss Mary, daughter of William and Sarah Phillips, nee 
 Miller, of Somersetshire. England; they have three children, as follows: Albert, who married Miss Char- 
 lotte, daughter of James and Jane Fisher, of the town of Forest, in April, 1878; Richard and Sarah A. 
 Daring the winter of 1878-79, Mr. Edwards made his first visit to his home since his departure in 1850, 
 and spent some pleasant months with his sisters and relatives, who seemed to enjoy his visit fully as well 
 he. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards are prominent members of the jMethodist Episcopal Church of Empire, and 
 are among its most devoted worshipers. It can truly be said that Mr. Edwards is one of the most 
 straightforward and upright citizens of the town ; honesty and integrity pervade all his dealing ; all who 
 know him, acknowledge his example for good in the community ; devoted to his home and family, he 
 finds his greatest pleasure around the fireside and family circle. Such is a brief life-sketch of one who has 
 honestly toiled through his threescore years, and never lost sight of the true Christian manhood and life. 
 ALFRED T. GERMOXD, farmer, Sec. 32; is a descendant of the first settlers of Dutchess 
 Co., N. Y., his great-grandfather being one of the nine original partners of the county ; he is the son of William 
 Germond and Juliana Benton, born in Dutchess Co. Nov. 30, 1814; till 12 years of age, he spent his 
 time with his father on the farm, and attending district school ; he then began clerking in a dry-goods store 
 in Washington, Dutchess Co., N. Y, where he continued for about two years, going thence to New York 
 City, he continued clerking for a number of years, and then he became interested in a dry-goods establish- 
 ment as ptroprietor for a few years ; about the year 1841, he removed to Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where for 
 the nest five years he was engaged in the freighting and forwarding business; in the summer of 1846, he 
 came to Fond du Lao and bought 240 acres of Government land in Sec. 32, town of Empire, on which 
 he made a few improvements, and late in the fall returned to Poughkeepsie, where in 1848, he married 
 Miss Mary A., daughter of William and Sarah E. Halsted, nee Barker (of White Plains, Westchester 
 Co. ), immediately after which they started for their future home in Wisconsin, where he has since devoted 
 his time principally to agricultural pursuits and stock-raising; though he has always taken an active part 
 in all affairs of public interest in his town or county; it was he who suggested the name Empire for the 
 town in which he now lives — a complete history of which is given in the body of this work. He was a 
 member of the County Board for about fifteen years, and was Justice of the Peace for more than that 
 length of time ; wa-s Superintendent of the County Poor from the Eastern District ; has held several other 
 minor offices ; he is at present President of the Old Settlers' Society of Fond du Lac Co.; Mr. Germond 
 owned the first thrashing machine brought to the town of Empire, it being the old open cylinder tread- 
 power type. Mr. and Mrs. Germond have had four children, three sons and one daughter, as follows : 
 William U., Albert H. (deceased), Sarah E. and George H. His wife is a member of the M. E. Church 
 of Empire. Such is a brief sketch of the life-history of one who has been and is one of Empire's most 
 active and respected citizens, and is a worthy example of that success which may be attained by constant 
 and perseverins eft'ort. 
 
 DAVID GIDDIXUS, farmer. Sees. 29 and 30 ; is a son of Joshua Giddings and Abigail 
 Cogswell, of Ipswich, Essex Co., Mass.; born in 1808; his father was a tanner by trade, but devoted 
 much of his life to farming, with whom David pursued the same vocation till about 19 years of age, 
 when he became proprietor of a variety store in Ipswich, which continued for seven years; in 1835, he 
 came to Chicago, thence, with thi-ee comrades in a skiff to Milwaukee, where they found Mr. Juneau, the 
 trader, as the only settler ; after spending about a fortnight here, he went to Green Bay and spent much 
 of his time in surveying Government lands in that and other counties ; in June, 1836, he, in company with a 
 number of surveyors — Colwert Pier, Mrs. Robins, her nephew and others, came down in a Durham boat 
 
EMPIRE TOWNSHIP. 1015 
 
 from Green Bay to Fond du Lac ; Mr. Pier and wife settled at Fond du Lac, and the surveyors passed on to 
 the southern part of this and the northern part of Dodge Co., where they spent from June till September at 
 their viork, and saw only one white man aside from their company during that time ; in 18H7, he went to 
 Sheboygan and purchased a half-interest in a lumber-mill at Sheboygan Falls, where he was engaged in 
 the lumber trade till 1865; disposing of his lumber business at that time, he purchased a farm of 600 
 acres in Sees. 29 and 30. town of Empire, and removed thither ; he now has 407 acres, having sold the 
 rest to some of his neighbors. In June, 1842. he married Miss Dorothy, daughter of Deacon William 
 and Dorothy Trowbridge, nee Chapin, of Worcester, Mass.; they have had three children, as follows: 
 Howard, of Sheboygan Falls ; Clara (deceased), George, of the firm of DeGroat & Giddings, of Fond 
 du Lac. Mr. Giddings was one of the first settlers of Sheboygan Co., and took an active part in all affairs 
 pertaining to the general welfare of that county while a resident there, and he has been none the less 
 active in all such pertaining to this county, since his identification with its citizens. 
 
 D .P. GILTIVER (deceased ),'was a son of Jacob and Mary Giltner, and a native of Tthaca, 
 Tompkins Co., N. Y., born Jan. 14, 1814; being the son of a farmer, he spent most of his boyhood at 
 that calling; at the age of 16, he removed to Tioga Co., N. Y., where he was engaged more or less in the 
 lumber trade till 1846. In 1640, he married Miss Hester M., daughter of Hallack and Lydia Smith, of 
 Chemung Co., that State. In 1846, they emigrated to the town of Empire, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., com- 
 ing in via the lakes and Sheboygan, where they waited three days for a team to convey them to their des- 
 tination, having only $5 in his pocket when he reached Wisconsin, and only SI when he reached his 
 brother's, and that he lost in a few days after, so it may be said that he reached his future home penni- 
 less ; they lived with his brother for about one year, or until they got their house finished, in which they 
 afterward kept tavern ; it was here that the first railroad meeting was held in Fond du Lac Co., an 
 account of which is given in the article on railroads, though it will not be out of place to state here that 
 Mrs. Giltner cooked a barrel of eggs for dinner that day, and fed eighty guests ; they kept hotel for seven 
 years, after which he turned his attention to farming till his death, April 12, 1871. They have a son and 
 daughter — George L. and Mary F., both of whom were born in New York. Their house was often used 
 for church service in those days, and when they had no service there, they often walked three or four miles 
 to church ; Mrs. Giltner is a member of the Baptist Church ; her daughter of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 NELSOX E. HILL.EBERT, farmer; is the second son" of Eleazor and Laura Hilbert, nee 
 Comstock, of Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., born Dec. 25, 1838 ; in 1848, he, with parents, removed to Fond du 
 Lac Co., and settled in the town of Waupun. Jan 1, 1863, he married Miss Addie, daughter of William 
 and Cynthia Johnson, nee Wheeler, of that town, though native of Herkimer Co., N. Y., who emigrated 
 from there in 1849 ; they have had six children, four daughters and two sons — Mary E., Jennie, George E., 
 Charles H. (deceased), Viola E. and an infant daughter not yet named. Tn 1865, he removed to the city 
 of Fond du Lac, where he was engaged in the saw- milling business most of the time till the spring of 
 1879, when he removed to Blr. Griffith's farm in the town of Empire. Mr. H. has been a member of 
 the I. O. 0. F. since 1868. 
 
 FRANCIS J. ISAAC, farmer, Sec. 17 ; son of Martin and Mary Isaac, of the Province of 
 Rhine, Germany, born March 3, 1823. Francis was educated according to the school system of his native 
 country, and at the age of 17 was apprenticed to the cabinet-maker's trade ; in 1847, he came to America, 
 landing in New York ; thence direct to Milwaukee, where he continued his trade for one and a half years ; 
 he then bought a farm seven miles southwest of the city of Milwaukee, where he followed farming for 
 three years; in 1851, he disposed of his farm and removed to the town of Marshfield, Fond du Lac Co., 
 where he owned a farm of eighty acres ; living there for twelve years, he purchased a farm of ninety acres 
 in Sec. 17, forty of which he has given to his son. In 1847, he married Miss Jennie C, daughter of 
 Peter and Katie Schreiner, of the Rhine Province ; they have five children — Annie, Hobert, Joseph, 
 Inglebert and Katie. Members of the St. Mary's Catholic Church. Mr. I. is Justice of the Peace of 
 the town of Empire ; he held the same office in the town of Marshfield for nine years. 
 
 WILLET JOHXSON, farmer ; Sees. 29 and 30 ; is a native of America, Dutchess Co., N. Y.; 
 born about 1831 ; his parents both dying when he was quite young, he was placed under the care of a 
 guardian, whose treatment of him was such that at the age of 11 he was forced to seek a new home : this 
 he did by finding employment with some of the neighboring farmers of that county till about 17 years 
 old ; in July, 1849, with barely money enough (and that his own earnings) to pay his expenses, he started 
 for Wisconsin ; reaching Fond du Lac Co., he began working at farm labor for Mr. Briggs, with whom 
 he continued for one year ; for the next two years he was in the employ of Mr. A. T. Germond, at $10 per 
 month ; after this followed clearing up pieces of land for farmers in the neighborhood ; by these contracts he 
 g.ained money enough to purchase a yoke of oxen and a plow ; in 1853 he purchased an eighty-acre tract 
 
1016 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 of raw land, which he began to improve ; he went up in the pineries with his ox team and worked for $1 
 per day for Mr. Jleiklejohn, till he paid for enough lumber to build his first house ; in 1863 he disposed 
 of that farm and bought his present one of eighty acres of Mr. David Giddings. In 1852 he married 
 Miss Sarah, daughter of Edward Davis, of Fond du Lac, she being a native of Canada West ; they have 
 three children, as follows: Louisa, now Mrs. Arthur Maxin, of Fond du Lac; Elizabeth and Albert E. 
 Such is a short life-history of one who began the world almost friendless, but, by his perseverance and hon- 
 est industry, stands a worthy example for all such unfortunate young men. 
 
 RICHARD KA.YE, farmer; Sees. 23, 24 and 25; was born in Yorkshire, England, March 
 8, 1829 ; is the son of Abraham and Mary Kaye ; his mother, a woman of rare Christian virtues, was not 
 Ion"- spared him, having died in England when he was a mere boy, but his father lived to a good old age; 
 In 1841, he, with his father, immigrated to Racine Co., Wis., and settled at Burlington, whence in the 
 spring of 1848, they removed to the town of Empire, where Richard now owns a farm of 240 acres in 
 the above-named sections; here his father died Jan. 29, 1875. Feb. 2, 1852, he was married to Miss 
 Olive, daughter of Obadiah and Nancy Putney, nee Strader, a native of Canada, but her husband of 
 New York State; Mrs. Kaye was born in Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., and immigrated to Wisconsin 
 in 1850, and they have four children — Mary I., now Mrs. Joseph F. Steen, of Fond du Lac; Edwin S., 
 Frank W., Anna M 
 
 Ali ANSON P. LYONS, farmer, Sec 9 ; is a son of the pioneers of this town, David and 
 Sarah Lyons; A. P., was born in Tioga Co., N. Y., in 1834 ; came with his parents to the town of Empire 
 and lived with them till about 26 years of age, when he bought a farm of 120 acres in Sec. 9. In 1862 
 he enlisted in Co. I, of tlie 5th W. V. I., but was discharged at Madison on account of sickness, after 
 three month's service. Dec. 27, 1863, he married Miss Emerette T., daughter of William T. and Mary 
 A. Banning, of the town of Empire, but a native of Connecticut; they have three children — Herbert E., 
 Edward S. and Ula G. 
 
 DAVID LYONS, farmer. Sec. 29 ; was born in Tioga Co., N. Y., Deo. 21, 1809 ; he is the son 
 of Justice and Annie Lyons, natives of Orange Co., N. Y., who immigrated to Tioga Co. soon after their 
 marriage; David spent much of his time on his father's farm till 20 years of age, when, for his faithful- 
 ness, and as an expression of paternal affection his father give him a farm of fifty acres in that county, on 
 which he spent a short time and then removed to a farm belonging to his wife; in 1843, he with his fam- 
 ily emigrated to McHenry Co., 111., remaining there over winter; in the summer of 1844 he came to 
 Fond du Lao C<>., and was the first man to settle on what is known as the Ledge in the town of Empire ; 
 not having means enough to pay the express on a chestof household goods and bureau from McHenry Co. to 
 Milwaukee, they were compelled to do without many of the essentials to even a pioneer home, till he, with 
 his whole family, could, by working for ?I per day, earn enough money to defray the expense on the 
 goods ; he rented the Conklin mill during the years of 1845-46, from which the neighbors for miles 
 around were able to get flour for their daily bread, it being the first mill in that section of the country, 
 though during the winter of 1846-47 the water failed and the people were compelled to resort to thefiiith- 
 ful coffee-mill as the only means by which they could get their wheat ground. In 1830, he was married to 
 Miss Harriet, daughter of William and Lydia Ellis, of Tioga Co., N.Y., who died in February, 1831, leaving 
 one son — RansonE., now of Monroe Co., Wis.; some months after (though during the same year), his 
 first wife died, he married Miss Sarah, daughter of John and Deborah Hannah, of Tioga Co., N. Y.; they 
 have four children— A. P. and George of "Empire ; Deborah A., Mrs. S. M. White, of Salem Co., Wis., 
 and William T., of Crete. Neb. 
 
 THOMAS MAYHEW (deceased). He was a son of John and Sarah Mayhew (nee Church^, 
 of Amenia, Dutche.ss Co. N. Y. ; born in 1815 ; he spent his early life on his father's farm in that 
 county ; was educated in the common schools; when about 15 years of age, he went to live with a widow 
 lady in that county, with whom he made his home till 1839, when, Sept. 20 of that year, he married 
 Miss Betsey A., daughter of David and Abby Collar fnee Kedney), of Dover, Dutchess Co., soon after 
 which he began farming for himself, and continued till 1846, when he returned to the widow lady's farm 
 and managed that for" four years, whence, in 1850, they removed to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and pur- 
 chased a farm of 120 acres in Sees. 33, 34 and 28, where he made his home till his death, May 24, 1872, 
 leaving a widow, by whom he had four children — George N. (deceased in 1852), Eliza R. (now Mrs. 
 Arthur Olmsted, of the town of Fond du Lac), Henrietta (now Mrs. William Benning, of the town of 
 Fond du Lac), PJlla (now Mrs. Sanford Pease, of the town of Fond du Lac). Mrs. Mayhew is a mem- 
 ber of the M. E, Church. 
 
 JOHN MEIKIiEJOHN, farmer, Sees. 22, 23, 14 and 15; a native of Putnam, Washing- 
 ton Co., N. Y., though of Scotch descent, his father, Andrew Meiklejohn, being a native of that country, 
 
EMPIRE TOWNSHIP. 1017 
 
 but his mother. Elizabeth Easton, being a native of Putnam, Washington Co., N. Y. ; John was born in 
 1823, and spent most of his boyhood attendina; district school, and at work on his father's farm ; in September, 
 1846, he came to Fond du I^ac Co., Wis., to try tlie wilds of the then " Far West," learn what pioneer life 
 -was, and to secure for himself and family a Western home ; he bought a farm of eighty acres, and was one 
 among the first settlers of the town of Empire; time and labor have changed his rude pioneer house into 
 a fine, commodious brick residence, his small farm of SO acres to one of 265 acres, with all the con- 
 veniences of a first-class farm, and the writer learned from the neighbors that Mr. Meiklejohn is regarded 
 by them as one of the exemplary men and farmers of the county. He has represented his town for four 
 years in the County Board, and, in all other affairs of public enterprise and interest, he is one of the first 
 of his town — liberal in his views and with his money, though practicing economy where needed, using 
 his judgment when a thing is presented, as to its merits or demerits. In 1846, he married Miss Julia A., 
 daughter of James and Betsey Nims, of Fort Ann, Washington Co., N. Y. ; their children are Warren, 
 Ruth (^deceased), James W. (of Columbia Co., Wis.), Charles, Mary J., Albert and Julia. Mrs. M. is a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 ■ GEORfwE OTTERY, firmer, Sees. 20 and 21 ; is a son of William and Elizabeth Ottery 
 (nee Brooks), born in Drayeott, Somersetshire, England, May 1, 1822; though unfortunate in literary 
 advantages, having received a very limited education, he lacked none of that resolution and determination 
 of purpose which, when joined with honest industry, is most sure of success ; at the age of 13, he began 
 farm laboring, which he steadily continued there till the spring of 1846, when he set sail for America, with 
 the intention of making his home upon some of its broad acres; landing in New York May 14, he went to 
 Cayuga Co., where he remained one and a half years ; not yet having reached his goal or found the 
 object of his search, he came to Wisconsin in the fall of 1847, and, with his brother William, purchased 
 a farm of. 180 acres in Sees. 20 and 24, town of Forest, Fond du Lac Co'. ; making his home at Neenah, 
 Wis., till 1849, he returned to Cayuga Co., N. Y., where, in October, 1850, he married Mi.«s Ann, 
 daughter of William and Hannah Kelley, and came again to his farm in the town of Forest, which he 
 made his home till 1876, when he sold that and bought his present one of 153 acres in Sees. 20 and 21, 
 town of Empire. They have had five sons — Henry (deceased), Edwin I., Albert G. (deceased), Albert 
 G., Jr. (deceased), Herbert G. Mrs. Ottery is a member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Ottery is no 
 politician, but takes quite an interest in educational affairs ; he has served ten years as a member of the 
 School Board as Clerk. 
 
 FREDRICK -11. PHELPS, farmer. Sees. 28 and 29 ; a native of the Green Mountain 
 State ; born at Alburgh Springs, Grand Isle Co., Vt., Feb. 6, 1837, and, from his history, the writer 
 judges him to have some of that enterprising spirit which is characteristic of the people of Vermont ; he 
 is the son of Benajah S. Phelps and Asenith Fletcher, who were natives of that State, but immigrants to 
 Wisconsin in 1855 ; having a desire to work at machinery, at the age of 16 he entered upon an appren- 
 ticeship at the machinist trade in the shops of the Lake Shore R. R. Co. ; remaining with the Company 
 till 1856, he went to Mississippi and engaged as an engineer on a passenger train over the Mississippi 
 Centra] for three years ; he was next employed as master mechanic of the Northern Division of the 
 Mobile R. R. for three years; during the battle of Pittsburg Landing, he was sent by Gen. Grant to run 
 engines on that road out of the reach of the enemy; in the attempt, one of his engines broke down, and 
 he was taken prisoner and held at Columbus, Miss., as such for six months ; being released, he reported 
 to Gen. Grant, and was appointed master mechanic of the military road at Wilmington, N. C- , and early in 
 the spring of 1 866, he was sent to take charge of the military railroad on the border of the Rio Grande River, 
 Texas ; he resigned this position in June of that year' and entered the Mexican Army ; here he was soon 
 commissioned Major of Engineers on the staff of Caravajal ; was in the campaign that captured Maxi- 
 milian ; returned to Texas in the early part of 1867, and was appointed inspector of the port at Brazos, 
 Santiago. Holding this position for three months, the yellow fever broke out there, and he resigned and 
 returned to Fond du Lac, and has since devoted his time to farming and stock-raising, making a specialty 
 of fine horses; he has a farm of 160 acres in Sees. 28 and 29, probable value $60 per acre. In 1863, 
 he married Miss Christina, daughter of Benjamin Long, of Jacksonville, 111.; they have one daughter — 
 Mary. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 JOHN H. SHOE1IAKER, farmer. Sec. 8 ; was born in Tioga Co., N. Y., April 12, 1840 ; 
 is the son of George N. and Eveline Shoemaker; in 1849, he, with parents, came to Fond du Lac Co., 
 and settled in the town of Taycheedah, where they lived till 1864, at which time they sold that and 
 bought this one in Sec. S ; in 1877, his parents removed to the city of Fond du Lac and gave up the farm 
 to John H. In 1878, married Miss Belle, daughter of Peter and Ann Ferguson, of the town of Empire, 
 but a native of Scotland ; they have one daughter — Jessie May, born July 11, 1879. Mrs. Shoemaker 
 
1018 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Shoemaker enlisted in Co. A, of the 18th W. V. I.^ 
 March 1, 1862 ; was with the Army of the Tennessee in the battle of Pittsburg Landing and Mission 
 Kidge ; was discharged by special order from War Department Dec. 13, 1863. 
 J. CI. ARK WELLS, farmer. 
 
 HEXRY WESTERVELT, farmer, Sec. 32; is a son of Cornelius C. and Rebecca West- 
 ervelt, natives of Holland, but early immigrants to Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y., where Henry was 
 born March 7, 1820 ; he received a common-school education in the schools of the city, and at the age of 
 10, preferring the life of a fiirmer to that of a blacksmith — his father's trade — he sought employ of the 
 neighboring farmers; this he continued there till about 17 years of age, when his father died in Wayne 
 Co., N. Y., one day after his removal to that county ; his stepmother — his mother having died when he 
 was only 2 years old — sent for him to come and help take care of the family. In 1843, he married Miss 
 Sarah A., daughter of Robert and Marietta Patrick, of Wayne Co., N. Y., and in the spring of 1845, 
 with his wife and son Cornelius C, immigrated to Wisconsin and settled in the town of Empire, on a 
 quarter-section of land which his brother, John W., who had preceded him, entered from the Government^ 
 and hoped to have a house built by the time Henry arrived with his family, but having only the loss lai,d 
 up, and it being impo.ssible to get lumber to cover it, they got a few basswood boards and placed one end 
 of them on the upper log of one side of the house and rested the other on a .shelf on the opposite side, 
 thus forming a roof which answered well enough in dry weather, and when it rained the father would take 
 the son in his arras and hold the umbrella over him, while the mother would wrap up in a bed-quilt and 
 keep dry as best she could ; this house, 16 by 24 feet, was, for a short time in the spring of 1846, the 
 home of four families — those of Messrs. Vale, Cogswell, Jewell and Piatt. Mr. Westervelt has since been 
 a prominent resident of the town of Empire, and at differen times has held various offices in the town and 
 county, among them Justice of the Peace and a member of the Couuty Board ; he now owns 100 acres 
 in Sec. 32, town of Empire, and twenty acres in Sec. 4, town of Eden ; they had only two children — the 
 son as above named, and one dauL'hter, Mrs. Alfred Jennings, of Empire. 
 
 BEN J AiVIIN WHITE, fiu-mer ; is a son of Ethan and Meyra White, nee Northrop, of 
 Washington, Dutchess Co., N. Y. ; born in 1833 ; his father being an extensive farmer in that county ; 
 Benjamin was early impressed with the idea that industry and attentiveness to business were essentials to 
 success; his mother, a woman of rare Christian virtues, did not fail to impress upon his mind those lessons 
 of honesty and integrity which have characterized all his business transactions through life ; in the spring 
 of 1852, he started for Wisconsin, and landed in the town of Empire April 13, where he purchased a fiirm 
 of 160 acres, on which he made his home till 1874, whence he removed to another farm of 200 acres — 
 160 of which is in the town of Eden and forty in the town of Empire — he, however, retains his first farm 
 of 160 acres ; here he makes a specialty of blooded stock, especially cattle, of which he sold four in 1876, 
 which brought him just $700, and in the following year he sold a milch cow which weighed 1,700 pounds. 
 Mr. White is regarded as one of the most successful farmers of his neighborhood; his motto has always 
 been, " do well what you do do ;" he has never been an office-seeker, and has never taken a very active 
 part in political affairs, though his creed is Republican. In 1849, he married Miss Harriet, daughter of 
 J. and Clarissa Briggs, of Washington, Dutchess Co., N. Y. ; they had two daughters — Hannah A., now 
 Mrs. F. C. Carpenter, of Fond du Lac; Hattie E., now Mrs. J. W. Cooper, of Plymouth, Sheboygan Co. 
 Mrs. White is a member of the M. E. Church of Empire. 
 
 ROBERT WILLIS, farmer. Sec. 26 ; is of the sturdy old England descent ; is the son of 
 Peter and Sarah Willis, nee Coombs, of Somersetshire, England ; born June 1(1, 1818; his fatherls 
 means being quite limited, Robert was early put to do what he could to earn something so that the burden 
 of the family might fall lighter on his father; when he was about 10 or 11 years old he was employed 
 to scare the crows from the farmers' corn-fields and to watch the cattle as they grazed upon the meadows ;. 
 at the age of 15 he was employed at farm labor, for which he received about 815 per year ; these earn- 
 ings he carefully saved and by constant toil he gradually increased, .\pril 2, 1844, he married Miss 
 Louisa, daughter of John and Mary Amesbury, nee Parsons, of Somersetshire, England, and in just six 
 years after, April 11, 1850, set sail for America, and landed in Now York May 12 following; he followed 
 laboring on a farm in that State for little more than three years ; during his stay in York State he sent 
 for his wife and two daughters, whom he left in Elngland because he had not means enough to bring them 
 at the time he came over; in October, 1853, they immigrated to Iro(|Uois Co., III., where he remained 
 eighteen months, thence to the town of Empire, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in 1855, and purchiised eighty 
 acres of land — the west half of the southwest quarter of Sec. 26 — -where he has since devoted his time 
 to agricultural pursuits ; they have had sis children, as follows — -Mary E., now Mrs. Peter Stage, of Car- 
 roll Co., 111. ; Sarah L., now Mrs. James H. Dyson, of Montgomery Co., Iowa ; Thomas, who married 
 
BYRON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 1019 
 
 Miss Josephina Meiklejohn, of the town of Empire ; Robert J. ;\ad two infants (deceased). Mr. and 
 Mrs. Willis are members of the M. E. Church. Politically, he is a Republican. He also has twenty 
 acres of land off the west side of the northeast quarter of Sec. 34. 
 
 GEOR<irE E. WRIGHT, farmer, Sec. 22 ; son of Robert Wright and Jane Cummings ; 
 his father was a native of England, and his mother of Washington Co., N. Y. His father immigrated to 
 America about the year 1808, and settled in the town of Putnam, Washington Co., where he afterward 
 married, and where his son George was born Nov. 30, 1821. The educational facilities being (|uite 
 limited and (jeorge being the son of a farmer, he was compelled to get his education by attending a dis- 
 trict school only throe months in the year, and then had a certain amount of work to do every morning 
 before walking a distance of three or four miles, to the schoolhouse. At the age of 22, he began running 
 a canal-boat on the Lake Champlain & Hudson Canal, which he continued for a few years, then took charge 
 of his ruber's farm in AVashington Co., N. Y., which he managed until 1848 ; in that year he immigrated 
 to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on a farm of 120 acres in Sec. 22, town of Empire. June 3, 1857, 
 he married Miss Agnes B. Wager, daughter of William and Mary Ryan, nee McGrath. Her mother, 
 after the death of Mr. Ryan married Mr. Wager, and Agnes, being young, went by the name of Wager instead 
 of Ryan. They have had six children— Jennie E., Mary E., Georgia A., Nannie B., Robert W., Bessie 
 (deceased). Mr. W. has been a member of the Town Board for a number of years ; politically, he is a 
 Republican. 
 
 BYRON TOWNSHIP, 
 
 WELIilNGTON ABBY, Sec. 20, P. Byron ; born in Canada West in 1840 ; son of 
 Mary and Abner Abby, a carpenter and joiner and firmer ; he was educated in the public schools ; in the 
 year 1850, went to Sheboygan Co., Wis , and, in 1852, came to Fond du Lac Co.; from that time he 
 lived part of the time in Canada and part in this county, until 1861, when he joined Co. A, 14th W. V. 
 I., and went to war and served through the entire war; was mustered out in 1865. Married in Byron, 
 in the spring of 1866, to Estella L., daughter of Louisa and Russell Watrous, a carpenter and joiner living 
 in Oakfield. He owns 120 acres of land, valued at $50 per acre. They have three children — Gaorge W., 
 Burt and Edith M. Mr. A. is politically a Greenbacker. 
 
 PHILIPP F. BODA9IER ; bom in the Kingdom of Wurtemburg Sept. 12, 1805 ; son 
 of Cathrine and Philip J. Budamer, a hotel-keeper and farmer of that place. The subject of this sketch 
 was educated in the schools of Germany and learned the butcher's trade; he served in the army of his 
 country from 1826 to 1832, when he gjt his discharge and came to the United States, landing at Balti- 
 more ; worked at his trade there until 1835; he then went to Portland, Me., and, after working there 
 until 1837, moved to Ohio; in 1838, moved to Terre Haute, Ind., and continued working at his trade 
 there until 1846, when he came to Byron, Wis., where he has made his home ever since, occupied in 
 farming. He was married in Baltimore, May 4, 1834, to Johannah P., daughter of Johannah and John 
 Markle, a shoemaker, and they have had nine children boru to them — Charles (deceased), Sophia, Johan- 
 nah (deceased), Matilda, Louisa, Henrietta, Paulina, Minnie and Caroline. Mr. Bodamer is the owner of 
 100 acres of land in Sees. 10 and 16, valued at $60 per acre. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, 
 and is politically a Democrat. 
 
 PETER BRILL, farmer. Sec. 8; P. 0. Fond du Lac; born in Prussia, on the river Rhine, 
 April 12, 1811 ; son of Anna and Nicholas Brill, a farmer. The subject of this sketch was educated iu 
 the common schools of his native country, and was brought up a farmer. He came to the United States 
 in 1835, and worked at general work in the States of Ohio, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Kentucky 
 and New York, and returned to Prussia in 1842 ; in 1845, he again came to the United States, and 
 located in Byron, buying Government land at $1.25 per acre. Mr. Brill, while a young man, served three 
 years in the Prussian Army. He married in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1845, Mary, daughter of Gertrude and 
 Peter Ki.sch, a farmer; they have three children — Bridget, Mary Ann and Michael; all are married. 
 His wife died in 1852; he married again in 1854, in Calumet Co., Ann Kinal, and had four children by 
 this wife — John, Mary, Margaret and Anna. Mr. Brill is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and 
 is, politically, a Democrat. He owns twenty acres of land, valued at $65 per acre. 
 
 HENRY BUSH, farmer. Sees. 7 and 8; P. O. Fond du Lac; son of Charlotte and Dr. Jona- 
 than Bush; born in Lowville, Lewis Co., N. Y., March 22, 1821, his father being a physician and sur- 
 geon and a graduate of Yale College. Mr. Bush was educated in the common schools of his native place, 
 
1020 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 and also worked as a printer on the first paper ever published in Lowville, N. Y.; afterward worked on a farm, 
 which occupation he has followed ever since; in the spring of 1844, he landed in Milwaukee, and, after 
 stopping there a few weeks, he came through the woods on foot to Fond du Lac, it taking him three days 
 to get through, there being no wagon-road at that time ; he took up Government land in Byron, at SI. -5 
 per acre ; his was the first farm on what is called the prairie. He married in West Martinsburg, N. Y., 
 Nov. 25, 1849, Mary Ann, daughter of Anna and Joel Phelps, an architect and builder; they have had 
 three children — -Sedate (now Mrs. Dr. Buser), Alice (now Mrs. RoUin Smith") and Henry. Mr. Bush is 
 a member of the Masonic Order, and is a Republican ; has held the office of Chairman of the Board of 
 Supervisors for several terms ; has also been Justice of the Peace in an early day. Owns 320 acres of 
 land; probable value. $65 per acre. 
 
 CHRISTIAN (itEIGER, farmer and quarryman ; P. 0. Fond du Lac ; born in Wurtem- 
 burg Feb. 20, 1846; came to America in March, 1869; spent a year in Milwaukee, then settled in 
 Byron, and worked at his trade of mason and in the stone-quarry until the fall of 1873, when he bought 
 the old Oliver quarry and thirty-two acres of land belonging. This is the largest quarry in the county, 
 and one of the largest and best in the State. During 1879, Mr. Geiger burned and sold 16,000 bushels 
 of lime, besides selling $1,200 worth of stone for building sidewalks, copings, etc. This is beautiful stone, 
 and is sold throughout the country, also in Janesville and Menasha, Sheboygan and also in Minnesota; 
 his lime commanded the highest price when Chicago was rebuilt. Married, April 16, 1871, Miss 
 Augusta Schmelling, of Pomerania, Pru.ssia, she coming to Milwaukee in 1868 ; they have four children — 
 Christian, Lizzie, Anna and John. Mr. Geiger is liberal in politics, and a Lutheran with his wife. 
 
 JAiflES CORNELL, farmer. Sees. 19 and 30 ; P. 0. Oakfield ; born in New Jensey in 1825; 
 son of Ann and Jesse Cornell, a farmer ; he was educated in the common schools of that time, and was 
 brought up a fiirmer ; in 1833, moved to Canada West, and lived there until 1848, when he came to 
 Wisconsin, Fond du Lac Co.; in the spring of 1852, went overland to California, and was occupied in min- 
 ing until 1854, when, after returning again overland, he located in Byron, where he has resided ever since. 
 Married, in 1855, in Oakfield, Emeline B., daughter of Abby and Heman Warner, a former of Oakfield; 
 they have had four children — Annie, Jesse, Ina and Fred. Mr. Cornell has held the office of Supervisor, 
 and is now a member of the School Board. Is Republican in politics. Owns 1 95 acres, valued at $65 per 
 acre. 
 
 ANDREW GIRSON, farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. Oakfield ; born in London, England, May 5, 
 1798; is the son of Mary and Andrew Gibson, a silk weaver; Andrew was educated in London, and is by 
 trade a blacksmith; he went aboard a British man-of-war as seaman, in 1811, and served until 1813; he 
 then came to Canada, and commenced learning his trade in Montreal, living there until 1820, when he 
 went to Platt.sburg, N. Y., and remained there until 1822 ; from there he went to St. Lawrence Co., 
 remaining until 1827 ; he then returned to Plattsburg, and lived there about six years, then to Rochester for 
 eleven years, and to Ohio for eighteen months; then coming to Fond du Lac in 1844, and worked at his 
 trade for seventeen years on First street, in that city; in 1861, he came to Byron, and located on twenty 
 acres of farming land in See. 19, the probable value being $50 per acre; he has lived here ever since. 
 He was married in Plattsburg, in 1821, to Sarah, daughter of David A. and Charlotte Curtis, her fiither 
 being a blacksmith ; they have had eleven children, born to them — Zilphia A., Charlotte. Marietta (now 
 deceased), Andrew A., Polly C, Maria, Jerry H., Caroline (deceased), Emma (deceased), Wallace 
 (deceased) and Bruce. Is a member of the Methodist ilpiscopal Church, and is politically a Republican. 
 
 DANIEL DENISON JONES, farmer, Sees. 5 and 18; P. O. Fond du Lac ; born in 
 Albany Co., N. Y., in 1822 ; son of Denison and Hannah Jones, a fiirmer; the subject of this sketch was 
 brought up on a farm, and educated in the common schools of his native place; in the spring of 1824, he 
 moved to Harrisburg, Lewis Co., N. Y., and lived there until the spring of 1848, when he came to Wis- 
 consin and settled in Byron ; in 1855, he returned to Harrisburg, and, in the spring of 1859, again 
 returned to Byron, where he has lived ever since; he has served as Chairman of the town, as Supervisor 
 and A.ssessor. He married, in Lowville, Lewis Co., Nancy A., daughter of Laura and Simon Brown, a 
 firmer of that county; they have had three children — Edwin Denison, born in 1861 ; Leta M., born in 
 1863, died in 1865 ; Evelyn A., born in 1865. Are all members of the Baptist Church, and politically 
 Republican. Owner of 200 acres of land ; probable value $65 per acre. 
 
 FRANKLIN NYE, farmer, Sec. 36 ; P. O. South Byron ; born in Lake Co., Ohio, Oct. 22, 
 1817 ; spent his early life and was married in his native State; coming to Wisconsin in 1846, he bought 
 120 acres in Byron, and forty in Lomira, the latter for a sugar bush ; in 1847, he settled on Section 35, 
 in Byron, where they lived for some time in a poor, unfinished log shanty, seeing many hardships, as 
 they began with little or nothing — Mr. Nye and a friend owning a pair of cheap cattle, and doing without 
 
BYRON TOWNSHIP. 1021 
 
 a wagon ; in 1849, he sold the first tract of land and settled on his present form of 160 acres. Few men 
 have equaled the life record of Franklin Nye, as he, seconded by his worthy wife, has brought the farm to 
 a state of excellent cultivation, built a spacious farm residence, and all needed barns, etc., earning every 
 dollar themselves; they removed to Fond du Lac in 1859, remaining for educational advantages until 
 186G. Mrs. Nye was Miss Liva Carrier, a native of Plainfield, Otsego Co., N. Y.; she came to Ohio in 
 184.5, and was married in September of that year ; they have three children — Sarah E., wife of Fernando 
 Pholps, of Fort Dodge, Iowa; James D., who married Miss Angle Richardson, and is now studying medi- 
 cine in Fond du Lac, and a second son, George W., who married Miss Adella Nightingale, and is on the 
 hosestead. Father and sons are Republicans, Mr. Nye being the second Assessor in Byron, and serving 
 many years as Town Superintendent of Schools, besides being Chairman, Supervisor, Town Clerk, etc. 
 
 I. C JONES, farmer. Sees. 4 and 5 ; P. 0. Fond du Lac ; born in Harrisburg, Lewis Co., 
 N. Y., June 20, 1824 ; son of Hannah C. and Denison Jones ; the subject of this sketch was 
 brought up on a farm and educated in the common schools of his native place ; he came to Fond du Lac 
 ■Co., and settled in Byron on his arrival in 1849; he has chiefly been engaged in farming and school- 
 teaching. He married, in Harrisburg, N. Y., Oct. 7, 1849, Marietta, daughter of Elija and Bessie Car- 
 penter, and two children were born to them — Baruch W. and Ginevra ; both are now married ; Sept. 1 , 
 1856, he was married to his second wife — Mary E., daughter of Edward P. and Lucretia Crary, of 
 Albany, Co., N. Y. Mr. Jones has served in the position of Town Treasurer and Supervisor, and he and 
 his family are members of the Baptist Church. Owns 100 acres of land; probable value, S65 per acre. 
 
 PETER KATEMANN, larmer, Sec. 17; P.O. Fond du Lac; born in Prussia; son of Nicholas 
 and Mary Kaufmann, his father's occupation being that of a farmer in Prussia ; he came to the United 
 States in 1855, and settled in the State of Ohio for about one year; in 1856, came to Wisconsin and 
 located in the town of Byron, where he has been engaged in farming ever since. Married in Byron, in 
 1866, to Bridget, daughter of Mary and Peter Brile, a farmer of Byron ; have had six children — Peter, 
 Matilda (deceased), Martha, Charles, Michael and John. Owns 120 acres of land ; valued, $50 per acre. 
 
 AXON KETTLAR, farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Fond du Lac ; born in Emmerich, on the River 
 Rhine, in Germany, Dec. 19, 1829; son of William and Diene Kettlar; his father was proprietor of a 
 hotel in Emmerich ; the subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools of his native country ; 
 he learned the business of milling, and worked at that trade until 1847, when he entered the army of his 
 country and served until 1850 ; in 1852, he came to the United States, and settled in Janesville, Wis., 
 where he resided until 1855 ; then went to the city of New York, and took passage for, as he supposed, 
 California, but, unfortunately, he embarked on one of the .steamers of the Nicaragua Line, which landed 
 him in Granada, just at the time of the filibustering war, and was compelled to serve in the army under 
 Gen. Walker, holding the po.sitions of Sergeant, First Lieutenant and Captain ; met with many hardships 
 while there, and for weeks lived on mule and horse flesh and a dish composed of boiled grasses and leaves ; 
 returned to New York in 1857, and to Janesville in 1859, where he kept saloon until war broke out in 
 1861 ; then was made recruiting officer at that point ; in the fall of 1861, went to Fond du Lac, and, in 
 1862, raised a company of soldiers, and. as their Captain, started for the war; resigned in 1863, and 
 returned to Fond du Lac, and then settled in Byron, where he has resided ever since. He was married, 
 in 1862, to Maria T., daughter of John and Barbara Geartner, her father being a farmer. Their children 
 are John F., Francis A., Louis A., William F., Emma, Mata and Maria L. Are members of Roman 
 Catholic Church ; Mr. Kaufmann is politically a Democrat. Owns 165 acres ; probable value, $60 per 
 acre. 
 
 GEORGE H. LLOYD, farmer. Sees. 24 and 25 ; P. 0. Byron ; born in Byron Feb. 3, 1851 , 
 son of George and Ann Lloyd, who came from Queen's Co., Ireland, to America, 1830, and settled in 
 Byron 1848, Mr. Lloyd buying 80 acres, which is part of the present farm, living for a time in the shanty 
 of Mr. Wilcox ; ho built a log house, and began chopping ; cleared the first 80 and added 46 acres in 
 Eden and 41) in Byron, building a tasteful farmhouse in place of the pioneer's log house. He died, April 
 14, 1871, leaving four children — Ann, Catherine, Mary and George H.; Mrs. Lloyd died June 11, 1876. 
 The farm is now owned by George H. Lloyd, he having added 80 acres more in Eden, built a horse-barn, 
 sheds, etc., and proved himself worthy of his heritage. Married Miss Mary _Klotz, of Eden, Feb. 24, 
 1876, by whom he has two children — George I. and Mary J. Mr. Lloyd and wife are Catholics, and he, 
 Uke his honored father, is a Democrat. Has a good stock of native cattle and sheep, grade Norman 
 horses and other stock, with the usual crops. 
 
 PATRICK KELLEY, farmer; P. 0. Fond du Lac; the first Irishman who came to Fond 
 du Lac Co. to stay; was born in Queens Co., Ireland, in 1800, and came to Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1817, 
 where he worked for various parties until September, 1839, when he settled on Sec. 3, town of Byron ; he 
 
1021! BIOGRAPHICAL .SIvETCHES: 
 
 owned originally over 400 acres of land, but has given most of it to his sons, and now lives in Sec. 2. Mr. 
 K. was married, in Jefferson Co., N. Y., to Margaret Smith ; they have had eleven children — Catherine 
 (deceased), Mary (deceased), Margaret, Esther, Elizabeth, Emeline, Eliza, Anna (deceased). James, Peter 
 and John ; Mrs. Kelley is a member of the Roman Catholic Church ; Mr. Kelley gave the land for the 
 first schoolhouse in Byron. 
 
 G-EOKtJE B. MoLEAN, general store ; P. 0. South Byron ; born near Toronto, Ont., in 
 1837 ; son of William and Mary McLean, the former a farmer ; in 1838, Mr. McLean moved to New 
 York State, near Lockport, buying a farm there; the subject of this sketch received his education in the 
 common schools of that place, and, at the age of 15, came West and located in Byron, his father working 
 a farm onshares; in 18.53, George was taken sick, and was an invalid for six years, not being able to do any- 
 thing, and the effect of this sickness left him a cripple in one limb for life ; his father then moved to 
 Iowa, taking George with him ; in 1860, George launched out for himself; buying a small tin trunk and 
 stock of goods, he peddled his way back to Byron, and he has made his home in different parts of the 
 town ever sioce, peddling part of the time on foot, and, after awhile, purchasing a horse and wagon for his 
 business ; for one year, he entered into partnership with John Miles, in the grocery business, at Fond du 
 Lac; finding that this venture did not prove a success, they closed out, and he went back to peddling ; a 
 year after this, he bought a house and small piece of land for a home in Sec. 32, Byron, and has lived 
 here ever since ; he is now running an elevator, in partnership with J. Simmons, and also keeping a 
 general store, his wife — a woman of great ability — running the store ; Mr. McLean has a man on the 
 road constantly, he being occupied at the elevator. He married, in 1866, in Byron, Anna Eliza, 
 daughter of Benjamin and Margaret Van Valkenburg, the former a farmer ; they have five children — 
 Fred B., John C, Viola A., George and Arthur. Mr. McL. has held the office of Town Treasurer for six 
 different terms, and is now holding that office; he is a member of Oakfield Lodge, I. 0.0. F., and, politi- 
 cally, is a Republican. 
 
 HENRY l>. PARSONS, farmer. Sec. 4; P. 0. Fond du Lac; born <n Somersetshire 
 England, April 2, 1832; son of John Parsons and Elizabeth Chappel ; his father was a farmer and currier in 
 England, but after his arrival in America, he engaged in farming ; the subject of this sketch came with 
 his people to the United States in 1843, coming directly to Wisconsin and locating in the town of Byron, 
 his father buying 120 acres of Government land in Sec. 4; Henry received his education in the common 
 schools of England, and after living with his father on the farm one year, he went to work for Peter V. 
 Sang, of Lamartine, doing general work, and looking after mails, etc.; in 1849, he returned home and 
 lived with his parents until 1854, when he went west to Black River Falls, Jackson Co., and engaged in 
 the general mercantile business, continuing there for about five years, when he again returned to Byron 
 and commenced carrying on the farm for his father, and has continued to live there ever since. He mar- 
 ried, in Black River Falls, in 1860, Cynthia, daughter of Daniel and Melinda Braman, the former a 
 farmer; the family are members of the M. E. Church; he has been a member of the Board of Supervisors 
 for four years, and Treasurer of his school district for eighteen years; has also been a Delegate to the 
 State Convention several times ; he is the present owner of 200 acres of land in Sec. 9 ; probable value §60 
 per acre. Politically, he is a Republican. 
 
 NATHANIEL PHELPS, flirmer; Sees. 20 and 29 ; P.O. Byron; owns 1031 acres; prob- 
 able value, 805 per acre. Born in Goshen, Mass., in 1826 ; son of Nathaniel and Sarah Phelps ; his father 
 was by occupation a farmer; the subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools of his native 
 place, and was brought up on a farm ; he came to Wisconsin in 1852, and located in Byron, where he has 
 remained ever since. He was married, in July, 1854, to Isabel, daughter of Louisa and Russell Watrous, 
 the latter a carpenter and joiner living in Oakfield ; they have had six children — -Ellen M. (now married), 
 Juliet B., Elmer N., Cora L., Flora" E. and Fred R. They are members of the Wesleyan Methodist, 
 Church ; politically, Mr. Phelps is a Greenbacker. 
 
 ALANSON T. REYNOLDS, farmer. Sees. 32 and 33 ; P. 0. South Byron ; is the owner 
 of 208 acres, probable value, .SOO per acre. Born in Genesee Co., N. Y., Oct. 15, 1819, son of Ruby and 
 Philip Reynolds, the latter a farmer ; the subject of this biography was educated in the common schools of 
 Ohio, and was brought up as a farmer; he was the eldest of a family often children; in the year 1825, 
 they moved to Ohio, and, in 1840, went to Pennsylvania; in 1843, they returned to Ohio, and, in 1845, 
 came to Wisconsin, and has made Byron his home ever since. He married, in Columbus, War- 
 ren Co., Penn., Sept. 19, 1842, Hannah S., daughter of Daniel and Jerusha Jackman, the former a car- 
 penter and millwright; they have had eight children born to them— Chelsea (deceased), George W. 
 (deceased). Ruby J., Newell D., Warren A., Darius J., Melissa (deceased), and Willie M. George W. 
 was a member oif Co. F, 14th W. V. I., and died in Madison April 6, 1864. Mr. R. has held the oflBce 
 of Supervisor for a number of terms, and has also been Town Treasurer ; politically, he is a Republican. 
 
BY RON TOWNSHIP. 1023 
 
 APOLLOS NEARL, farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. O. Fond du Lac ; born in Palmyra, Wayne Co., 
 N. Y., in 1822 ; son of Mary and Eliphalet Searl, a teamster and farmer, who died in 1824. Mr. Searl 
 went to Jefferson Co., in 1823, then to Lowville and Leyden. both in Lewis Co., N. Y., and, in 1827, 
 returned with his mother to Wayne Co., where he attended the common schools of the place until the age 
 of 14, when he returned to Lowville, living there on a farm until he was 21 years of age; in May, 1849, 
 he came to Byron, and has been a resident of Fond du Lac Co. ever since. He married Philinda Lupher, 
 of Lewis Co., N. Y., March, 1S51 ; she died in Byron Sept. 14, 1862. H-e was married to his present 
 wife March 28, 1864, in Byron ; maiden name was Harriet E., daughter of Laura and Simon Brown, a 
 farmer of Lowville, Lewis Co., N. Y. Mr. Searl has held the office of Town Treasurer ; also been a 
 member of the Town and School Boards. He has had four children by his present wife — Ida C., Emma 
 L., Hattie L., Willie A., and are all members of the Baptist Church. Owns 160 acres of land ; probable 
 Talue, $65 per acre. 
 
 WILLIAM SHUTTLEWORTH, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Fond du Lac ; born in Notting- 
 hamshire, England, in 181 1 ; son of Ellen and Samuel Shuttleworth, a farmer. Mr. S. was educated in 
 the common schools of England ; and also learned and followed the trade of stonemason while in Eng- 
 land ; he came to the United States, in 1844, and. located in Milwaukee and Prairieville ; also lived in Oak- 
 field about two years ; came to Byron in 1849, and has made it his home ever since. He married in 
 England, in 1831, Anne, daughter of Anne and John Stephenson, a farmer; have had seven children 
 — Mary Ann, deceased ; John, Sarah, Helen, Selina, Samuel and William, drowned. Politics, Repub- 
 lican. Owns 120 acres; probable value, S50 per acre. 
 
 ITRIAH STROIIP, farmer. Sec. 4; P. 0. Fond du Lac; born in Roxbury, Delaware Co., 
 New York State, in 1831 ; son of Rumah Peckham and George Stroup, his father's occupation being that 
 of carpenter and joiner ; the subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools of his native State; 
 his father died in 1843, and he came West with his mother in 1846, living in Milwaukee and Dane 
 Cos. until 1849, when they located in Dodge Co., living there until 1864, when they came to Byron, 
 where he has made his home ever since. He married, in 1874, Madora, daughter of Sarah and Joseph 
 Trelevan, a farmer of Byron ; they have had two children — Nellie Frances and George Trelevan. Owns 
 360 acres of land ; probable value $65 per acre. 
 
 PETER WEBER, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Byron ; born in Westphalia, Prussia, in 1839 ; son 
 of Doretha and John R. Weber, an overseer of a mine. The subject of this sketch received his education 
 in the common schools of his native place; at the age of 15, he came with his people to the United States, 
 coming directly West, and locating in Byron ; Peter worked on a farm during the summer, and went to 
 school in winter; in the fall of 1865, he bought his first farm of twenty acres in Section 32 ; he is now 
 the owner of 140 acres in Sees. 21 and 28, where he now resides, and is now engaged in building a hand- 
 some new residence. He married, in Byron, in 1861, Harriet N., daughter of Jonas C. and Betsy Rey- 
 nolds, farmers; have four children — Silas E., Elmer C, Myrtie, John J. Family are members of the M. 
 E. Church ; he is politically a Republican. 
 
 JOHN WINDECKER, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Oakfield ; born in Fairfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y., 
 March 22, 1802 ; son of Mary and Jacob Windecker, a farmer; the subject of this sketch was educated 
 in the German and English branches in the schools of New York, and w;is brought up on a farm ; in 1833, 
 he embarked in the hotel and mercantile bu.siness in the town of Lowville, N. Y.; in 1851, he came to the 
 State of Wisconsin, Fond du Lac Co., and was occupied at mason work, at which he was quite an adept ; 
 in 1854, he came to Byron, where he has made his home ever since. Married, March 27, 1821, in New 
 York State, Caroline, daughter of Olive and John Ralsten, a shoemaker, and soldier of the Revolution 
 and war of 1812 ; have had nine children born to them — William R., Mariette, Sandusky, Conrad, Simeon, 
 Caroline A., and three at one date, all still living and married, Sydney, Sylvester, Sedate. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Masonic Order — joined in the neighborhood of 1845 ; was Postmaster in New York for fifteen 
 years ; was also a Captain of a militia company in 1H28 ; is a member of the Universalist Church, and 
 politically a Republican. He resides with his two sons. 
 
1024 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 ELDORADO. 
 
 liEANDER AXDERSON, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. EldoraJo Mills; was born in Lewis Co., 
 N. Y., Nov. 2, 1823. His father, Nicholas Anderson, was born in Connecticut; his mother, Sybil Buel, 
 was a native of New York. Leauder, the third son of a family of seven children, lived with his parents 
 on a farm in his native county till about 15 years old ; then, induced by some boys, he threw his budget 
 of clothing from the chamber window, and stole away from his father's home at night, and sought employ 
 on the Block River Canal, in Lewis Co. ; not finding it, on his way homeward, he bargained himself to a 
 man who put him to chopping, a few strokes with the ax convinced him that he had not yet found his 
 expected easy job, so he left his ax sticking in the tree, and left without telling his employer good-by, 
 and went to his brother-in-law's in Oswego Co., then he followed the painter's trade for two years, but it 
 proving injurious to his health, he sought other employment for a while ; he then began the ship carpen- 
 penter's trade in Oswego, which he continued there for two years; in the summer of 18-14, he came to 
 Huron, Erie Co., Ohio, where he found employment at painting a vessel for a short time ; thence to 
 Cleveland, Ohio, where he continued the painter's trade three months ; then in company with three others, 
 he went to Cincinnati, where they found work for a short time ; he next came with a comrade to St. 
 Louis, but finding no employment, he came to Vandalia, 111., with no better success ; returning again to 
 St. Louis, he found a few weeks' work ; almost penniless, he went thence to New Orleans with better 
 results, for a short time; in January, 1845, via the Ohio River, he returned to Cleveland, thence to his 
 brother-in-law with only 13 cents in his pocket; after a short stay there, having received a letter from 
 Capt. Dana, he went again to Huron, and in the spring of 1845, went to Detroit, Mich., for two months; 
 he then returned to Huron ; two months later, he went home for a short time ; thence to Quebec, thence home 
 again, thence via Cleveland to Adrian, Mich., where he continued painting till June, 1847 ; he next went to 
 Jackson, Mich., and to Eaton Rapids, where he built a skift', put his trunk in, and sailed down the river to 
 Grand Haven, where he arrived without a cent ; then, as best he could, made his way to Chicago ; remaining 
 there a short time, he took passage on the Luther Wright, a three-mast schooner bound for Bellville Bay, 
 Canada ; returned thence with Capt. Dana to Huron, where he continued the painter's trade for some time. 
 March, 1848, he was married to Miss Susan, a daughter of John and Elizabeth ( Dent) Nichols, and in March, 
 1850, he left his wife in Huron and went to California, where he was employed by the Virginia Mining 
 Damming Company; in June, 1851, he returned to Huron, and there continued the ship-builder's trade 
 till the fall of 1854 ; he next returned to his fether's farm for a short season, and in June, 1855, went to 
 Cape Vincent, Jefferson Co., N. Y., where they took passage for Wisconsin, and in September following, 
 landed in Sheboygan ; here he painted a boat and lived till January, 1856, and then went to Manitowoc, 
 Wis., where he followed the ship-carpenter's trade till June, 1856 ; lastly, he came to the town of Eldo- 
 rado, Fond du Lac Co., and settled on a farm of forty acres in Sec. 32, and in the spring of 1868 bought 
 a farm of sixty acres, forty in Sec. 31, town of Eldorado, and twenty in Sec. 36, town of Rosendale ; he 
 has since been a farmer; their children are Blanche, Nicholas and Lillian M. 
 
 KENDRICK DILTS. farmer, Sees. 2'.) and 3; P. 0. Eldorado Mills; born in Cayuga 
 Co.,-N. Y., Aug. 29, 1818; son of' William and Cylinda Dilts, a farmer; at the age of 11 years, he went 
 with his people to Ohio, and was educated in that State; he was brought up on a farm; at the age of 
 26, he moved to Racine, buying some land and engaged in farming there for three years ; he then came to 
 Fond du Lac, buying forty acres of land in Sec. 20, town of Eldorado ; the following year he bought 
 another forty ; in 1863, he purchased another sixty, in Sees. 29 and 30, and sold his first farm; he has 
 lived here ever since engaged in farming. He married in Liberty, Crawford Co., Ohio, in 1842, Matilda, 
 daughter of Richard and Polly King, a farmer of that town, and one of the first settlers there; have had 
 seven children — Sally A., Lyle K., William R. (deceased), Cyrus A., Wilson H., Amanda M., Ettie E. 
 Family attend the Free-Will Baptist Church ; Mr. Dilts has held the office of Supervisor of his town, 
 and is the present owner of sixty acres of land in Sees. 29 and 3. Is politically. Independent. 
 
 MELrVIlV DUEL (deceased) was born in Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y., June 29,J824;^ 
 he came to Wisconsin in 1848, and settled in the town of Eldorado, where he married, on the 27th of 
 March, 1850, Laura Wolcott, daughter of W. C. and Mercy Wolcott, pioneer settlers and still honored 
 citizens of the town of Eldorado, she was born in Trenton, Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 8, 1813 ;^ their chil- 
 dren are Dirg, now of Brown Co., Minn.; Delia, wife of William Carpenter, of the town of Eldorado, he 
 was a soldier during the war of the rebellion ; Dora, Delos, Strabo, Efiie M., Lewis, Arthur, Lottie B., 
 
ELDORADO TOWNSHIP. 1025 
 
 George (deceased) ; during the war of the rebellion, Mr. Duel served in Co. A, 2d W. V. C, was enrolled 
 Oct. 2, 1861, and served until January 23, 1865, when he was honorably discharged ; the records of his 
 regiment show that he was a gallant and brave soldier ; after his discharge, he returned to his home in 
 Eldorado, where he died Jan. 8, 18S0 ; himself and his wife were the first couple married in the town of 
 Eldorado; she owns 156 acres of land, and cheese factory, which was the first factory in Eldorado, was 
 established by her husband in 1878. 
 
 JOSIAH ROBERTS, farmer, Sec. 6; P.O. Nekama, Winnebago Co; was born in Eldorado, 
 Fonddu Lac Co., in ISl'.l ; son of David and Mary Roberts, formerly of Wales, Vale of Clwyd, a former, who 
 came to America in 1847, buying 220 acres of land in Sec. 6, Eldorado ; he returned to Wales for his 
 health in 1869, ancf died therein 1870 ; he built the first frame house in the town in 1847. The subject 
 of this sketch received an academic and common-school education in his native county, and was brought 
 up on a farm ; at the age of 22, he went to California and engaged in speculating in stocks for two years 
 and a half; he then returned to Eldorado and settled on the homestead farm with his mother, taking 
 charge of and running the farm, at which he has been occupied ever since, and, at the death of his mother, 
 he will be the entire owner, having bought out his brother's interest in it. He married in 0.shkosh, Dec. 
 17, 1879, Martha J., daughter- of Samuel and Ann Williams, a farmer of Henry Co., 111. They are 
 members of the Calvin Welsh Methodist Church ; he is politically a Republican. 
 
 JA9IES K. SCRIBT^ER ; P. 0. Eldorado Mills; was born in Norwalk, Conn., in 1828 ; 
 is the son of Joseph and Sarah Kellogg Scribner, a farmer. The subject of this sketch received a com- 
 mon-school and academic education in his native place ; at the age of 21 he came West to Ro-sendale, 
 Wis., and settled on land previously purchased by his father, of 160 acres; in 1853, he purchased an 
 undivided half of this farm of his father; in 1858, he came to Eldorado and located on property he owned, 
 having, in 1857, bought Barnett's saw-mill, water-power lands, and privileges connected with them. Mr. 
 Hiram Wheeler was connected with him in running the mill, and they afterward built a small grist-mill ; 
 Mr. Wheeler died in the summer of 1859 ; Mr. Van Ostrand then bought Mr. Wheeler's interest ; in 
 1867, Mr. Scribner bought out Mr. Van Ostrand, and, in 1868, he rebuilt the mills, enlarging the capacity, 
 and has ever since been engaged in milling ; his mill now has four run of stone ; he is also proprietor of 
 the only general store in the village of Eldorado Mills, and is the present owner of fifty acres of land in 
 Sec. 31, 32 and 29, besides his mill property. He married, in Rosendale, in January, 1857, Laura M., 
 daughter of Hiram Wheeler; have had eight children — Winthrop, Walter, Lizzie L., Abbie L., Joseph 
 H., Kittie M., Harry C. and Mabel W. They are members of the Congregational Chureh. Mr. Scribner 
 was a member of the State Legislature in 1876, and is now the Chairman of the Town Board ; politically 
 he is a Republican. 
 
 JOHN F. STEELE, farmer, Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Eldorado Mills ; born in the town of Remsen, 
 Oneida Co., N. Y., June 23, 1814; son of Joseph and Betsy Steele, a clothier by trade, and afterward 
 followed farming. The subject of this sketch, when he was about 9 years of age, moved, with his family, 
 to the town of 'Trenton, same county, and received a common and select school education in this place, and, 
 in 1845, after receiving a certificate, he commenced teaching in that county until June 5, 1848, when he 
 started for Wisconsin, and came to Rosendale, Fond du Lac Co. ; that fall he took Mr. C. H. Lyman's 
 farm, and ran it for one year ; he then accepted the position in the first school in the town of Eldorado ; 
 he followed the occupation of teaching for thirteen winters, and farming in the summers on a farm owned by 
 him of forty acres, in Sec. 19, Eldorado ; after giving up teaching, he applied himself directly to farming, 
 and is the present owner of 296 J acres in this county ; he is also extensively engaged in raising Stock. 
 He married June, 1857, Jennie, daughter of Theron Frisbee, a carpenter and farmer ; had one child by 
 this wife — Oriiha J. ; this wife died Feb. 15, 1859. He married a second time; July 25, 1863, in Lamar- 
 tine, to Charlotte, daughter of Adam and Judith HoUiday, a farmer ; have had seven children — Ellsworth, 
 deceased ; John F., Carrie E., Arthur A., Lottie M., Anna J., Henry F. Mr. Steele has held the oflice of 
 Town Clerk, Town Superintendent for several years. Family attend the Congregational Church ; he is, 
 politically, a Republican. 
 
 JOHN STELZER, manufacturer of furniture, and undertaker, P. 0. Eldorado Mills; born 
 in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, in 1834 ; son of John and Margaret Stelzer, a farmer. The subject of 
 this sketch received his education in the common schools of his native place; in his 20th year, he came 
 to America, and located in New York City ; when he was 14 years old, he learned the cabinet-maker's 
 trade; and, during his stay in New York, he followed his trade; in 1869, he came West 
 to Fond du Lac, and, for two years, worked in the car-shops ; he then worked for H. L. Bass 
 & Co. until they closed business, when he went to work for Blankenberg ; in 1876, he came 
 to Eldorado and opened a cabinet store, and engaged in the manufacture of furniture, also undertaking •, 
 
1026 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 in 1877, he bought a piece of property, put up a two-story store and dwelling, where he has con- 
 tinued in business ever since. He married. in New York, iu 1857, Caroline, daughter of John and Chris- 
 tina Kog, a farmer; have had seven children — Henry (deceased), Rosa, Mary, Lizzie, George, Fred 
 (deceased), John ; are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Stelzer is a member of the Order of 
 Druids of Fond du Lac ; he is, politically. Independent. 
 
 A. J. STEPHEN^*, farmer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Eldorado; was born in Clarkstown, Rockland 
 Co., N. Y., Nov. 25, 1814; was liberally educated in the town of his birth, and, in early life, followed 
 teaching school for several years ; had also learned the carriage-maker's trade and worked at it in various 
 cities in the East. He married, in the cit^ of New York, in 1844, Hannah Wallace, a native of Glasgow, 
 Scotland; they came West in 1848 and settled in the town of Eldorado, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where 
 they have since lived; their children are John A., now in Los Angeles Co., Cal., he married in Eldorado, 
 prior to his going to California, Annie Cowham ; Mary Agnes, now wife of David Richards, of Fond du 
 Lac; Maggie E., wife of Frederick Paine, of the town of Oakfield ; Abram A.; James W., and Doug- 
 las W. Mr. Stephens owns 300 acres of land in Wisconsin, and 324 acres in the vicinity of Russell, 
 Russell Co., Neb.; he is extensively engaged in farming, fruit-growing and stock-raising, and has, in all 
 those pursuits, been very suecosiful. He is a Republican in politics. 
 
 JOSEPH STEPHENS, farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Eldorado; was born in Rockland Co., N. 
 Y., 3Iarch 11, 18 — . Sept. 24, 1857, he married, in Haverstraw, Rockland Co., N. Y., Miss Mary 
 Lloyd, a native of Glamorganshire, Wales, and emigrated to America with her parents, John and Ann 
 Loyd, who settled in Rockland Co., N. Y.; Mr. Stephens and wife lived in Rockland Co., N. Y., until 
 1858, when tliey moved to Wisconsin and settled where they now reside, in Eldorado ; they have four 
 children — Annie B}., John W., Albert J., and Joseph H. He owns eighty acres of well-improved land, and 
 is an energetic and enterprising citizen, and a leading farmer of Eldorado. In politics, Mr. Stephens is 
 Republican. 
 
 XATHAXIEL S. THOJIPSOIV, fiwmer, Sec. 31; P. 0. Eldorado Mills; was born in 
 Franklin Co., Mass., May, 1813; his parents, David and Fannie Thompson, had a family of seven 
 children, four of whom came to Wisconsin ; Nathaniel S., the subject of this sketch, was married in 1840, 
 to Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Sarah Goodnow, of Vermont ; in 184(i, they immigrated to Wisconsin, 
 and settled in Dodge Co., and in May, 1845, removed to the town of Eldorado, Fond du Lac Co., and 
 settled on a form of 104 acres in Sec. 31, which has since been his home; here his wife died in May, 
 1855, leaving two children as follows: Phebe E., now the wife of William Brunson, and lives iti the town of 
 Metomen, and David H., who now lives on Sec, 31, town of Eldorado. In 1856, he was married to Mrs. 
 Nancy, widow of Samuel Randall, of the town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., whose maiden name was 
 Hall, a daughter of Wanton and Fannie Hall, of Washington Co., N. Y. ; her first marriage was in 1837, 
 to Lyman Matteson, who died in Wisconsin in 1850, leaving her with one son, George W., now of Eldo- 
 rado Mills ; her second marriage was in May, 1851, to Samuel Randall, a native of Pennsylvania, but an early 
 emigrant to Wisconsin, who died the same year of their marriage, leaving her with one son, Samuel, who 
 now lives in the village of Hartford, Washington Co., AVis. Mrs, Thompson came to Wisconsin with her 
 parents in 1845. Mr. T. was Chairman of the Town Board for one term, Assessor one year, and Justice 
 of the Peace several years. 
 
 DAVID R. W ATSOIV, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Eldorado ; was born in the town of Eldorado, Fond 
 du Lac Co., Wis., Nov. 5, 1840 ; is the son of James and Sarah Watson, who settled in the town of his 
 birth in 1847 ; he was educated at the Normal School at Oshkosh, Wis., and has taught school several 
 terms. In politics, Mr. Watson is a Republican. He is the present Assessor of the town of Eldorado, a 
 position he has filled since 1875. April 5, 1877, 51r. Wat,son married, in Eldorado, Jessie B. Kirkwood, 
 daughter of Alexander and Agnes Kirkwood, who settled in Eldorado in about 1853 ; they have one 
 child — James A., born Aug. 12, 1878. Besides attending to his duties in teaching school, Mr. Watson 
 owns and mana-jes a farm (if several acres of land ; his farm is well improved, and desirably located, 
 
 JA31ES WATSOX (deceased), was a native of County Kent, England; was born Jan, 19, 
 1821 ; his father, James Watson, died in England, and, his mother married again and emigrated to 
 America, when the subject of this sketch was but 4 years of age ; he was educated in Oneida Co,, N, Y., 
 and when 16 years old, engaged in seafaring life, which he followed for several years; Aug. 4, 1847, he 
 married in Philadelphia, Penn., Sarah Edwards, a native of Monmouthshire, England, born May 3, 1819; 
 immediately after their marriage, they came to Wisconsin, and settled in the town of Eldorado, Fond du 
 Lac Co,, where he lived and was prominently identified with its history until his death, Nov, 22, 1860 ; he was 
 the third Treasurer of the town, an office he filled for over seven years; he was continually in office from 
 1850, and was Chairman of the Town Board of Supervisors when he died; He was a leading member of 
 
CALUMET TOWNSHIP. 1029 
 
 the M. E Church, and took an active part in the promotion of the reli2;ious and educational interests of 
 the county during his life. Their children are Edward L., who was a soldier in the 18th W. V. I. during 
 the war of the rebellion, and died in the service; David R., Sarah J., now deceased; Frank P., Annie 
 E., James and George W. Mrs. Watson married a second husband, Archibald McDonald ; he was a sol- 
 dier in active service during the war of the rebellion, and was elected to various local offices in the town 
 of Eldorado, he died Oct. 25, 1877; she is still living, is an earnest and Christian woman, a member of 
 M. E. Church ; she owns 20U acres of land, well improved. 
 
 WILLIAM C. %VOLCOTT, Sec. 14; P. O. Eldorado Mills ; born in Trenton, Oneida Co., 
 N. Y., 1810 ; son of Sylvester and Jane Wolcott, a farmer of that county, buying his land there in 1806 ; 
 the subject of this sketch received a common-school education in the scliools of his native place, and was 
 brought up on a farm ; at the age of 25 he went to tlie western part of New York State, to Wethersfield, 
 Wyoming Co., buying a farm of 178 acres; he farmed it there for seven years, when he went back to 
 Trenton and worked there for three years; then in 1846, he came West to Eldorado, taking 240 acres of 
 Government land and 40 acres of Allen Lyman, also 20 acres of State land on the big marsh ; he has 
 lived on this firm ever since ; Mr. Wolcott has, for over forty years, been extensively engaged in bee culture. 
 He married, Feb. 23, 1832, in 'Trenton, N. Y., Mercy M., daughter of Silas and Mary Pierce, a farmer; 
 they have had six children — -Laura J., Edward T. (deceased ), Ella A., Sarah A., Charles A., Nelson VV. (all 
 married). He is a member of the Masonic Order, Rosendale Lodge ; has held the office of Supervisor and 
 Treasurer; is the oldest settler now -living in the town; is, politically, a Republican, and, with the excep- 
 tion of the first year of his life in Wisconsin, he has not missed an election or town meeting for forty- 
 seven years; he is the present owner of 175 acres of land in Sees. 14, 17, 20 and 21 . 
 
 CALUMET. 
 
 CHARLES BOCK, lumber merchant, Calumet Village; is a native of Holstein, Germany ; 
 •was born Dec. 11, 1825; in 1848, he emigrated to America; settled in the town of Calumet, Fond du 
 Lac Co., Wis., in July of the same year (1848). In October, 1851, he married in Calumet Miss Sophia 
 Kratzsch ; they have seven children — Amelia, Charles, William, Sophia, Emma, Louise and Tom. In 
 early life, Mr. Bock learned the carpenter's trade, and followed the business of contracting and building 
 several years; he has been engaged in the lumber business in Calumet Village for a number of years, and 
 has a large trade ; he has been District School Treasurer for over eighteen years, and was a member of the 
 Town Board of Supervisors thi'oe years. Himself and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. In 
 politics, he is a Democrat. His parents were Henry and Lena Bock; they died in Germany; they had 
 twelve children, two of whom came to America — Charles, the subject of this sketch, and Christoph, who 
 left this (Fond du Lac) county in 1851, went to the gold mines in California, and has not been heard 
 from since. 
 
 THOMAS BOYD (deceased); was born near Dublin, Ireland, in 1785. He married, in his 
 native country, Ann Boyd; they emigrated to New York in 1844; thence to Calumet, Fond du Lac Co., 
 Wis., where he resided until his death, in 1SG2 ; their surviving children are John, ex-member of the 
 Wisconsin Assembly, who now lives near Independence, Kan.; Thomas, also ex-member of the Wiscon- 
 sin Assembly, resides in Calumet Harbor; Samuel, attorney at law, Appleton, Wis.; Adam, a leading 
 farmer, Springvale, this county; Mary A., wife of M. D. Henry, Independence, Kan.; Letitia, wife of A. 
 Huysseii, Eau Claire, Wis. 
 
 IIOIV. THOMAS BOYD, capitalist, Calumet Harbor; was born near Dublin, Ireland, 
 Sept. 25, 1844; in 1845, emigrated with his parents (Thomas and Ann Boyd) to this (Fond du Lac) 
 county, and located on Sec. 34, town of Calumet ; he was educated at the Lawrence University, Appleton, 
 Wis. He was a member of the Wisconsin Assembly in 1804-05, a position he filled with credit to him- 
 self and constituents ; he has also been elected to various town and school offices. In politics, he is a 
 consistent and active Democrat; he is an honest, truthful, capable man, both in public and private life, 
 ardently attached to what he believes to be true and just, and ever ready to rebuke meanness wherever it 
 shows its head ; he has throuiihout his life maintained a high reputation for strict honor and integrity. 
 
 LAMBERT BROST. farmer; P.O. Heinsburg; was born 'at Ulmen on the Rhine, ' Ger- 
 many, on the 10th of October, 1835; in 1842, emigrated to Wisconsin with his parents (John and Anna 
 Brest), they located in Calumet, Fond du'Lac Co.; he was'a member of the Wisconsin Assembly in 1876-77 ; 
 
 00 
 
1030 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 he is Chairman of the Calumet Town Board of Supervisors, a position he has filled for several years ; 
 he is also Chairman of the County Board, which oiBee he was elected to in the autumn of 1879 ; in educa- 
 tional interests, he has taken an active part, and has been District School Clerk for over nineteen years. 
 July 11, 1859, he married at Calumet Miss Anna Mussburger ; she was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1837; 
 they have eleven children, viz., Mary (now the wife of N. MuUenbach, they live in Wood County Wis.), 
 Peter, Antoine, Annie, Joseph, Theressa, Josephine, John, Barbara, Mathias and Michael. Mr. Brost 
 owns ninety acres of land ; in early life he learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, and followed it several 
 years in the city of Food du Lac and in Calumet. Politically, he acts with the Democratic party. 
 
 JOHN H. DITTJIAR, farmer and stock-raiser. Sec. 35; P. 0. Calumet Harbor; he was 
 born in Bavaria, Germany, Jan, 13, 1821; in early life, he received a liberal education ; he came to the 
 United States in 1840, lived in the city of New York until 1852, in which year lie moved to Philadelphia, 
 Pcnn.; in New York and Philadelphia, he followed the business of cloth dyeing, a trade he had learned 
 in his native country; in 1866, he removed to where he now lives. He has been twice married, first wife 
 was Frances Kaiup, she was born in 1817, died in 1818; by this marriage there were three children — 
 Christine, now the wife of Philip Carr, Philadelphia, Penn.; Sophia, wife of George Campbell, they also 
 live in Philadelphia; Henry, who was a soldier in the war of the rebellion, he served in the naval service 
 over two years ; he married Katie Johnson, they live in Fond du Lac City. Mr. Dittmar's second wife 
 was Theresa Aisla ; she was born July 25, 1823; they were married in 1849; she died April 4, 1878; 
 their children are Louisa, now the wife of John Theurwachter. Jr.; Louis, who married Laura Peth, 
 they live in Nebraska ; Charles, also a resident of Nebraska ; Theresa, Julia, William and Fredrick. 
 Mr. Dittmar and family are members of the Lutheran Church. He owns 202 acres of land; he is an 
 enterprising, public-spirited citizen; his farm is well improved and most desirably located, 
 
 HEIVRV^ F. KOENIiw, proprietor of blacksmith and general repair shop, Calumet Village ; 
 was born in the city of Fond du Lac; his father, Martin Koenig, was born in Baden, Germany, in 1832 ; 
 he learned the wagon-maker's trade in his native country, and emigrated to this country in 1849 ; lived in 
 Milwaukee. Wis., until 1S50, when he came to the city of Fond du Lac, where he married, in 1853, Wil- 
 helmina Meyer; in 1856, they came to Calumet Village, where he has been engaged in the manufacturing 
 of waaons, and general repairing, at that place since ; their children are Henry F.. Mary, Emma, Ijissette, 
 Caroline; the oldest of those children, Henry F., was born in the city of Fond du Lac, in 1855. He 
 married, Nov. 19, 1877, Miss Dorothea Burg; they have one child — Laura Henry F. Koenig has been 
 engaged in carrying on a general blaeksmith-shop at Calumet Village about five years, and has a large 
 custom. 
 
 AliBERT XOKTH, dealer in general merchandise, Calumet Village ; was born in the town of 
 Otsego, Otsego Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 1823; his father, Albert North, was a native of Vermont, 
 and a loading merchant in Otsego^ N. Y., for a period of over forty years ; his mother was 
 Irene Taylor, a woman of rare Christian principles. She married Albert North, the father 
 of the subject of this sketch, in New l''ork ; they had eight children, of whom our subject is 
 the only survivor ; he first came to Wisconsin in 1846, and looked over the ground to pick 
 out a location. In 1848, he opened a general store in Calumet Village, and has been successfully 
 engaged in that business since ; therefore is the pioneer merchant of the town of Calumet. In the early 
 history of Calumet Village, he was Postmaster several years. Politically, in early life, he acted with the 
 Whig party, giving his first vote to Henry Clay ; on the organization of the Republican party, he joined 
 its ranks, and has remained a constant supporter of its principles : he is a man of strict integrity in all 
 his dealings. 
 
 HENRY MANDERSCHEID, retired farmer; P. 0. Calumet Harbor; was born in Bas- 
 senheim, Germany, in 1814. He married, in his native country, Elizabeth Meisen, and emigrated to 
 America in 1815, setllimr in the town of Calumet, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., which has been their homo 
 since ; Mr, Manderscheid has been very successful in life, and has accumulated a large property. He has 
 been, at various times, elected to offices of honor and trust, and was Assessor of the town of Calumet for 
 more than twenty years. 
 
 IjOUIS MANDERSCHEID. This gentleman, present Treasurer of Fond du Lac Co. 
 and a leading grain merchant, Calumet Harbor, was born in Basenheim, Germany, Sept. 26, 1840 ; emi- 
 grated to Calumet, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., with his parents, Henry and Elizabeth 3Ianderscheid, in the 
 autumn of 1845 ; the country then being comparatively new and almost a wilderness, most of Louis' early 
 life was spent amidst the hardships and privations of pioneer life ; he was educated in the schools at Calu- 
 met, and acquired a good education, and speaks and writes the German and English languages with great 
 
CALUMET TOWXSIIir. 1031 
 
 fluency. During the late war of the rebellion, he served in Co. G, 36th W. V. I. ; was wounded, and par- 
 ticipated in every battle, siege and skirmish his command was in, with but few exceptions, andwas honor- 
 ably discharged in Jeffersonville, Ind., at the close of the war. He has been frequently selected by his 
 fellow-citizens to fill positions of trust and honor, upon which he has always reflected the highest credit ; 
 he was elected County Treasurer in the fall of 1878, a position he still holds ; he is a public-spirited citizen 
 and one whose fidelity to public and ])rivate trusts is unimpeachable ; he has been elected to various town 
 offices. He married, in Calumet, on the 2(ith of February, 1859, Miss Elsie Murdock, a native of Madi- 
 son Co., N. Y.; she was the daughter of Wheeler and Lucy Murdock, who were natives of Providence, 
 R. I., and emigrated to Wisconsin in 1845 ; she is deceased, and he lives at Brothertowu, Calumet Co. 
 Mr. Manderscheid and wife are members of the Lutheran Church ; in politics, he is a consistent and active 
 Democrat. He has been engaged in the grain business in Calumet Harbor several years, and has, by his 
 strict integrity and fair dealing, secured the confidence of all with whom he has had to do. His father, 
 Henry Manderscheid, was married in his native country (Germany ) to Miss Elizabeth Measen ; they are 
 still residents of Calumet, where they have lived for over thirty-five years, old and respected citizens. 
 
 THEODORE MAXDERSCHEID, Calumet Village ; was born in the town of Calumet, 
 Fond du Lac Co., Wis., Feb. .22, 1849 ; his parents are Henry and Elizabeth Manderscheid, pioneer 
 settlers, and still residents of Calumet. He has been twice married ; first wife was Charlotte Peth ; they 
 were married in May, 1871 ; she died in October of the same year; his present wife was Susan Peth; 
 they were married Nov. 25, 1872 ; they have one son — Henry. In politics, Mr. Manderscheid is a Dem- 
 ocrat; he owns about 100 acres of land, and is an enterprising citizen, one who takes an active part in all 
 that goes to advance the interests of his town. 
 
 HEXRY M. MUSKAT,, proprietor of blacksmith and general repair shop, Calumet Village ; 
 was born in Germany, Jan lo, 1845 ; in 1854, he emigrated with his parents to this county ; they settled 
 in Dane Co., Wis. During the war of the rebellion he enlisted in Co. B, 4th W. V. C. ; served three 
 years; was honorably discharged at Madison, Wis.; in 18(36, he came to Fond du Lac Co. In 1868, he 
 married Gertrude, dauL'hter of Henry and Elizabeth Manderscheid, of Calumet ; they have three children — 
 Freddie, Lisette and Marianne. Mr. Muskat has been engaged in general blacksmithing in Calumet Vil- 
 lage since 1867. In politics, he is a Republican. A portion of the time he was in the service of the 
 Union, he served as Corporal. 
 
 JOHN PETH, a leading farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Calumet Harbor; was born in Switzerland 
 in 1818 ; he came to America in 1840; lived in Albany, N. Y., until 1843, in which year he came to 
 Wisconsin. He married, in Racine Co., Wis., Mary Conrad; in about 1845, they came to Calumet, where 
 they have since resided ; their children are Mary, now the wife of Fldward Stramer, Brothertown, Wis. ; 
 Susan, wife of Theodore Manderscheid, Calumet Village; Katie, wife of Andrew Meisen, and John P. 
 Mr. Pelh and family are members of the Lutheran Church ; he is a Democrat in politics ; owns 300 acres 
 of land ; is an enterprising and go-ahead citizen. 
 
 ADAM PEAEF, retired farmer, Calumet Harbor; was born in Bavaria, Germany, Jan 19, 
 1811 ; he came to this country in 1836; lived in Canaan, Conn , until 1842, in which year he came to 
 this (Fond du Lac) county, and settled in Calumet July 2, 1844. He married Susan Burg, a native of 
 Rechtenbach, Bavaria; she was born in January, 1819 ; emigrated to Detroit. Mich., in 1838, thence to 
 this town ( Calumet) a short time prior to her marriage ; their children are Daniel, who married Amelia 
 Heipsman ; they live in Brothertown, Calumet Co., Wis.; Susan, now Mrs. J. Shenborn, Minn. ; Jacob, 
 married Apple Jackni, they reside in Calumet Harbor ; Maggie, wife of Theodore Miller, St. Cloud, Wis. 
 Mr. PfaS' and wife are members of the Lutheran Church ; they own 120 acres of land ; he has been 
 elected to various local ofiices. His father, Jacob Pfaff', was born in Bavaria, Germany ; he married 
 Susan Essecth ; they both died in their native country, Bavaria ; they had six children, two of whom 
 came to thisccuntry — Adam and Michael Pfaff. Adam Pfaff', the subject of this sketch, has resided con- 
 tinually in Calumet over thirty-eight years ; himself and wife were among the first couples married in 
 the town of Calumet; they have triumphantly passed through the hardships of pioneer life, and are now 
 spending their old age in -comfort in the town where they have resided so long. 
 
 (jiEORCiE REICHART, general blacksmithing, Calum. t Harbor; is a native of t.er- 
 many ; was born Jan. 2, 1843 ; in 1849, he emigrated with his parents to this country ; they settled at 
 Addison, Washington Co., Wis., where George was educated ; he learned the blacksmithing trade at 
 Hartford, Wis.; worked for the Government, during the war of the rebellion, as a blacksmith. In 1866. 
 he married, in Fond du Lac City, Wis., Miss Fredrica Ehlers ; they have three children — Rose, Anna 
 and Henrietta. He engaged in business in Fond du Lac in 1868, and in 1875, moved to Calumet Harbor, 
 where he has been successfully engaged in the business of blacksmithing since. Politically, he acts with 
 the Democratic party. 
 
1032 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JACOB KEIKER!^, dealer in general nierehandise, Calumet Harbor; was born in the city of 
 Marne, Holstein, Geriiiany, December ol. 1833. He attended the schools in his native city and obtained 
 a proficient education. In 18-tS, he emigrated to this country with his purents, and settled with them at 
 New Holstein, Calumet Co., Wis , where they remained until the following spring. 1840, when they moved 
 to this town (Calumet) ; iu 1870, he engaged in the mercantile business, in Calumet Harbor, and now 
 has a fine, prosperous and constantly increasing trade. He was appointed Postmaster in 1874, a position 
 be still holds; has been Town Clerk since 1875, has also been elected to various school offices. Nov. 26, 
 1858, he married in Calumet, Miss Eleanor Punke, a native of Brannsheim, Prussia; they have seven 
 ciiildren, viz., Mary, William, Matilda, Mena, Henry, Liuise and Heriu in. Politically, Mr. Reimers 
 acts with the Democratic party. His father, iSIicholas lleimes, was born in Barelt, Holstein, Germany,- 
 Nov. 17, 1801 ; he w.is a soldier for over six years in his native country, serving in the 16th Battery ; he 
 married, Jan. IG, 1833, Miss Kathrine Peters; she was born June 24, 181)6; they came to this country 
 in 1848 and settled at New Holstein, Calumet Co., thus becoming pioneer settlers; they lived in New 
 Holstein until the spring of 1849, when they came to Calumet, where she died June 0, 1876. She was 
 a woman of rare Christian viriues, and one who will be long remembered for her many acts of kindness. 
 He is still living in Calumet, an old and honored citizen ; to him belongs the credit of blazing and cut- 
 ting out the first road from Marytown to New Holstein, Calumet Co.; this he did in 1848 while he was 
 emigrating to that place. That portion of the county w.is then heavily timbered, and it took him several 
 days to make the trip and do the necossury clearing to make the way passable. The Reimers family are 
 all members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 CASPER THEL'RWACHTER, farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. Calumet Harbor; was born in 
 Rechtenbaoh, Germany, March 11, 1818; in 1835 he emigrated to America; lived in Detroit, Mich., until 
 1840, when he came to what is now the town of Calumet, Fond du Lac Co., Wis. Jan. 22, 1846, he 
 married in Calumet, Phillipa Burg, daughter of Martin and Margaret Burg, pioneers of 1840 ; she was 
 born in Rechtenbach, Germany, Nov. 25, 1820 ; their children are John, Casper, Jr., Mary ; the oldest of 
 those children. John, married Kathrine Schafcr; they reside in Calumet; the second oldest, Casper, mar- 
 ried Hannah Bloom ; they also reside in Calumet; the third, 3hiry, is now the wife of John Bruederle, of 
 Fond du Lac. Mr. Theurwachter owns 300 acres of land ; he was elected to various offices in the early history 
 of Caluuiet. Mr. Theurwachter started in life poor, and well understands the value of self-acquired exper- 
 ience and property in the battle of life ; he has never been without good friends and good health ; his edu- 
 cation was liberal, and though his life has been engrossed with the demands of active industry, he has 
 found time to read and reflect ; he is a man who is at all times ready to advance the interests of his fellow- 
 beings; we find him to-day enjoying good health, and in that prosperity and contentment which those who 
 have devoted a lifetime to industry and inteerity have a riglit to expect. 
 
 JOHIV THEURWACHTER, retired farmer. Pipe Village; P. 0. Calumet Harbor; was 
 born in the village of Rechteubach, Bcrcabern, Bavaria, Feb. 4, 1817 ; he received a liberal education in 
 his native country; in 1835 he emigrated to Detroit, Mich., thence to Green Bay, Wis., then a small vil- 
 lage ; he lived in Green Bay until 1839, with the exception of a few months when he had returned to 
 Detroit in December, 1839 ; he came to Calumet, Fond du Lie Co., February, 1841. He married in Calu- 
 met, Miss Margaret Burg; she was also a native of Rechtenbach, Bcrcabern, Bavaria; born Feb. 4, 1817 ; she 
 emigrated to Detroit, Mich., in 1835, thenoc to Groen Bay, Wis., in 1839, where she remained until a short 
 time prior to her marriage, when she came tj Calumet; their children are Charlie, bo married Louise 
 Dittmore; Katie, now the wife of Henry Losha ; Margaret, wife of Patrick Rjuben ; John; they are all 
 living in Calumet except Mr. Reuben and wife, who live in Fond du Lao City. Of the p;oncer settlers 
 of Calumet in 1839, and previous to that, Mr. Theurwachter is the only one remaining; of the others, 
 some have been taken to their last, long boms, others have moved away. Himself and wife were the first 
 couple married in Calumet ; the Rev. G.'orgo White, the first settler of Calum„>t, performed the marriage 
 ceremony; they have witnessed and endured the trials and suffering which the pioneer settlers of any coun- 
 try are subject to, and by their honest efforts and industry, succead^;d in accumulating a competence, and 
 are now passing their old age in happiness and comfort. They are members of the Lutheran Church ; in 
 the early history of the county, Mr. Theurwachter was elected to various local offices, the duties of which 
 he discharged to the general satisfaction of all interested. 
 
J.AMARTINE TOWNSHIP. 1033 
 
 LAMARTINE. 
 
 WARREl* ANDERSOIV, farmer; P. 0. Eldorado Mills, Wis.; born in Lewis Co., N. Y., 
 May l(j, 1827 ; his parenti, Harvey and Betsey Anderson, were also natives of York State; in the fall of 
 1845, he, with his father, in a w.igon, started from the town of Claytoq, Jefferson Co., N. Y., for Wiscon- 
 sin, coming by the way of Erie, Pcnn., Cleveland, Ohio, and Chicago, 111.; they arrived at the village of 
 Fond du Lac in December of that year ; they came at once to the residence of Mr. Sauburn in the town 
 of Rosendale, where they made their home for a few days ; his father entered a quarter-section of land in 
 Sec. 36, town of Roiseudale, and they at once began to build a pioneer shanty thereon ; here, he with his 
 father, kept bach through the winter, and by the spring of 1846 they had twenty-five to thrity acres 
 cleared up ; hi.', father then returned to Jefferson Co., N. Y., for the other members of the family, and 
 with them reached their Western home late in June of that year ; ten years later, his father sold that 
 farm and removed to another on Sec. 32 ; here his mother died Feb. 23, 1859, and his father on March 
 28 following, leaving four sons, two of whom are now living — Warren, the subject of our sketch, and 
 Charles, now of the town of Eldorado. June 11, 1851, he was married to Miss Marrietta T., youngest 
 daughter of Phineas and Ruth M. Randall, immigrants from Crawford Co., Penn., in 1848, to the town of 
 Lamartine, Fond du Lao Co., Wis., where her father died in 1850 ; they have had nine children — Susie 
 E.; Warren R., now of Eldorado Mills ; Bertinc H.; Nellie B.. deceased; Emma B., Josephine B., Efla and 
 Eva (twins), and John G. They attend the Congregational Church. Mr. Anderson is a member of the 
 Masonic Fraternity. 
 
 JOHIV BRALEY, farmer. Sees. 25 and 36; P. 0. Fond du Lac; son of Silas and Lydia 
 Braley, born in Washington Co., Vt., in 1819 ; his father was a farmer (though he worked at the carpen- 
 ter's trade in his younger days); John spent his early life on a farm in his native county; in 1849 he 
 immigrated to Wisconsin and settled on a farm near Oshkosh, Winnebago Co., where he lived sixteen years ; 
 in the spring of 1865, be sold that farm and purchased anotlier in Sees. 25 and 86, now consisting of 
 ninety acres, where he has since continued farming, also carries on a small dairy. In 1849, he married 
 Miss Abigail, daughter of Ephraim and Abigail Fuller, of Orange Co., Vt., who died in 1852, leaving 
 three children, as follows — -Betsey (now Mrs. Alvin Pierce, of Westboro, Wis.), Silas (now of Winona, 
 Minn.), and Alvin, of Winona, Minn.; in April, 1855, he married Miss Lucinda, daughter of Jonathan 
 and Luna McDonald, of Oshkosh, Wis., she being a native of Madison Co., Vt.; they have two children — 
 J. Willie and Ulysses G. 
 
 FAYETTE S. BROWN, (deceased), was the son of Jonathan and Abigail Brown, born in 
 Washington Co., N. Y., in 1819 ; he was educated in the common schools of his native county, and after- 
 ward followed farming there till 1845. May 11, 1844, he married Miss Chloe, daughter of James ind 
 Nancy Eldridge, of W'ashington Co., and in the following spring immigrated westward to make their home 
 in the then promising Territory of Wisconsin ; they .stopped in the city of Milwaukee for one year, and, 
 in 1846, removed to Fond du Lac Co., where he settled on a farm of 120 acres in Sec. 24, town of Lamar- 
 tine ; he continued farming here till 1859, then rented his farm and removed to the city of Fond du Lac, 
 where he was dealing in real estate for nearly two years. He died Oct. 12, 1861. His wife, who survived 
 him nearly eighteeij years, returned with the family of five children to the farm in Lamartine, where she 
 died March 12, 1879 ; they had six children — Fayette (deceased) ; Byron K., of Wichita, Kan.; Henry F., 
 of Lamartine: Mary E. (Mrs. H. Priest), of Fond du Lac; George F., of Lamartine; Nellie A. 
 
 REV. JABEZ B. COIjE, Pastor of the Lamartine Methodist Episcopal Church, was born 
 in Lincolnshire, England, Feb. 12, 1845 ; ho is the son of Rev. Thomas Cole and Elizabeth Brown, and 
 with them. May 4, 1845, set sail from Liverpool for America, and landed in New York City in June folowing ; 
 they came thence to Sheboygan, Wis., where they arrived the 1st day of July ; his father purchased a farm in 
 the town of Green Bush, Sheboygan Co,, Wis., where he devoted much of his time to farming, and was local 
 minister of the First M. E. Church of that town; the subject of this sketch spent the first nineteen years of 
 his life on his father's farm and attending the district school ; he united with the church at the age of 1 1, 
 and when 1 9 he entered as a student of the classical course at Lawrence LTniversity of Appleton, Wis.; at 
 the end of six years, on account of limited means and ill health, he was forced to leave off his studies at 
 college; he soon joined the conference and was ordained local Deacon ; in October, 1871, he joined the 
 conference at Milwaukee, and was assigned to the Clinton Circuit; while there he pursued the course of 
 study prescribed by the canon ; in 1872, he was sent to the Wyocena Circuit in Columbia Co., Wis., for 
 two years. Here, Oct. 13, 1873, he married Miss Cecelia E., daughter of A. A. and Ruth Cole, early 
 
1034 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 sottlers of Welsh Prairie. Columbia Co.; in October, 1874, he was assigned to Shawano, Shawano Co., Wis., 
 where he remained in charge of the church for three years; in 1877, he took charge of the church at 
 Markesan, Green Lake Co., and, in 1S78, came to the Lamarline charge ; they have three children, as fol- 
 lows — Jessie E., born in 1874- ; Mary E., born in 1876; Charles F., born in April, 1S79. 
 
 LAWRENCE EXNIS, "farmer, Sec. 8; P. 0. Woodhull ; is a native of County Wicklow, 
 Ireland ; born April 15, ISol, and is the son of James Ennis and Winford Doyle, with whom he made 
 his home in his native country until 19 years of age. In May, 1850, he emigrated to America, and 
 landed in Quebec, where he followed teaming for five years. April 18, 1855, he married Mis.s Letetia, 
 daughter of Patrick and iMary Greening, nee Finland, of Canada West, but a native of County Monahan, 
 Ireland ; they then went to St. Louis, Mo., for a few months, thence to Jacksonville, 111., for a short time, 
 and lastly to Fund du Lac, where they lived fourteen years In the fall of 1808, he bought a firm of 
 eighty-five and one-half acres in Section 8, town of Lamartine, where he has since been a farmer. They 
 hid one son — James, deceased,' and are members of St. Joseph's Catholic Church of Fond du Lac. 
 
 PHILililP EABER, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Lamartine ; is a native of Rhiue Province; born 
 Sept. 7, 1832, and is the .son of John and Mary E. Faber, nee Bard ; he lived with his parents on a farm 
 in his native country, and with them came to America in 1847 ; tiiey settled first in Washington Co., Wis., 
 and made that their home till 1874 ; he then bought a farm of eighty acres in Section 33, town of Lamar- 
 tine, where he has since lived and followed farming. In January, 1859, he married Miss Sophia, daughter 
 of Frank and Elizabeth Warner, nee Beck, of Wayne, Washington Co., Wis., but a native of Germany. 
 They have six children — -Caroline, Carl, Henry, Elizabeth, Sophia and Hermind. They are members of 
 the Lutheran Church. 
 
 NATHANIEL W. FANCHER, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Lamartine; was born in Wyo- 
 ming Co., N. Y., Oct. It), 1830; his parents, Elias Fancher and Sally Worden, were natives of Dutchess 
 Co., N. Y., but removed to Wyoming Co. shortly after their marriage. In May, 1847, he with his father 
 and fiimily came to Wisconsin, and settled on a farm of eighty acres in Section 22, town of Lamarline, 
 Fond du Lac Co., where his parents both died; his mother Nov. 1, 1859, and his father Oct. 12, 1875 ; 
 ten years after their arrival in Lamartine, he bought a farm of eighty acres in the southwest quarter of 
 Section 22, which he afterward traded for another one, and, after trading three or four times, in 1858, he 
 got his father's homestead, which he has since owned, and where he has since lived. March 12, 186ti, he 
 married iMiss Mary, daughter of James and Catharine Hendry, nee Greig, early settler.s of Lomartine. 
 
 JOSEPH FISCHER, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Lamartine ; the subject of this sketch is a son 
 of John aud Barbara Fischer, and was born in Baden, Germany, Jan. 3, 1822 ; at the age of 14, he began 
 ti> learn the clock maker's trade in his native place, and followed it there for eight years ; in 1844, he went 
 to Dublin, Ireland, and continued his trade for nearly six years ; in the fall of 1849, he emigrated to 
 America, and, in 1851, established a jewelry store on Fifth avenue, in New York City, of which he was 
 proprietor till 1855 ; he then came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., bought 120 acres of land in Section 28, 
 town of Lamartine, returned to New York for his family, disposed of his interest in jewelry stock thrre, 
 and came again to Lamartine, where he has since been a farmer. In New York City, in 1852, he mar- 
 ried Miss Mary, daughter of Nicholas and Elizabeth F^ndimiller, who emigrated to New York in 1846, 
 they have six children — Joseph, Jr. (a carpenter and joiner of Lamartine), Matilda, Mary E.,*JohD A.; 
 Adelaide, Emma L. Mr. Fischer is a member of the Catholic Church, and his wife of the Lutheran. 
 
 ALBERT FOLTS, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. O. Lamartine; born in Herkimer Co., N. Y'"., Feb. 
 22, 1841 ; when 4 years of age, he, with his parents, John and Emily Foils, immigrated to Wisconsin, 
 and were among the first settlers of the town of Lomira, Dodge Co., which was their home for a number of 
 years. Oct. 12, 1861, he married Miss Arvella F., daughter of Alexander and Mary A. Sager, nee 
 Auburn, immigrants to the town of Williamstown, Dodge Co., in 1850, but natives of Oneida Co., N. Y.; 
 soon after marriage, they removed to the town of Byron, Fond du Lac Co., which was their home for four 
 years; in 1865, they removed to the town of Oakfield, and, in 1874, he disposed of his interest in Oak- 
 field, and bought a farm of eighty acres on the west half of the northwest (|uarter of Sec. 34, which has 
 since been their home ; they have had four children — Clarence J., born June 15, 1868; Rollie L., March 
 18, 1864 ; two infants decea-od. not named. Mrs. Folts is a member of the Baptist Church. 
 
 PHILIP iiJREENINtt, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P.O. Fond du Lac; is a native of Devonshire, 
 England ; born Feb. 29. 1824 : he spent the first fourteen years of his life with his parents, Philip and 
 Frances Greening, (ui a farm at his birthplace, and then entered upon a three years' apprenticeship at the 
 machinist's trade, which he afterward followed in England for a number of years ; in 1848, he sailed for 
 America, and settled in Upper Canada, where he continued his trade for tbree years ; he next came to 
 Green Bay, Wis., and there followed the same calling for two years ; in 1853, he removed to the town of 
 
LAMARTINE TOWXSHIP. 1035 
 
 •Chiirlestown, Calumet Co., Wis., where he was one of the first settlers; here he purchased a fiu-m, and 
 began the life of a farmer again, which he has since followed ; in 18(53, he removed thence to Winnesheik 
 Co., Iowa, and in five years afterward (18G8"), returned to Wisconsin and settled in the town of Byron, 
 Fond du Lao Co.; here he was known as a farmer until 1873; he then purchased a farm of 270 acres, in 
 Sees. 21 and 28, town of Laraartine, where he has since lived. Mr. Greening's political career has been 
 quite an eventful one ; thouijh not an ofiice-soeker, his friends saw fit to elect him to the offices of Town 
 Clerk and Town Treasurer for four terms each, in the town of Charlestown, Calumet Co., and Assessor one 
 year, and Chairman of Town Board of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., for three years, and, in the fall of 
 1878, decided that he should represent the Third District in the Wisconsin Assembly at Madison ; politi- 
 cally, he is a Democrat. At IngersoU, Out., Oct. 13, 1848, he was married to Miss Mary, daughter of 
 Michael and Hannah Sage, nativis of County Tipperary, Ireland, but immigrants to Canada in 1847 ; 
 chddren have blessed their household, as follows : Helen (now Mrs. Dennis MeKanna, of Byron), Philip, 
 (deceased), William H., Francis, and three infants, deceased. Mr. Greening is a member of the Episcopal 
 Church, and his wife of the Catholic Church. 
 
 WILIilA JI J. HALE, farmer. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Lamartine ; is a native of Saratoga Co., N. Y.; 
 born Oct. 1, 1801 ; when 12 years of age, he, with his parents, Daniel and Mary Hale, removed to Albany, 
 N, Y., and, five years later, he went to Ohio, but returned to Albany in 1820, and worked at the cooper's 
 trade for about two years ; he then went to Montgomery Co., where he followed coopering and farming 
 until 1844. Here, in 1824, he married Miss Betsey, daughter of Isban ?]aton, with whom, in 1844, he 
 removed to Saratoga Co., N. Y., and lived there on a farm until the fall of 185.T, when they immigrated to 
 Fond du Lac Co., Wis., settling in the town of Springvale ; they have since followed farming in the towns 
 of Lamartine, Oakfield, Fond du Lac and Waupun, and now reside on Sec. 25, town of Lamartine; Mrs. 
 Hale died Dec. 9, 1870, leaving five children — John (of Dakota), Cynthia A., Mrs. Kendall (of Fond du 
 Lac), Elias A. (who enlisted in Co. F., 21st W. V. I., under Col. Sweet, and was iu the battles of Perry- 
 ville. Stone River, and with Sherman in his campaigns — mustered out at Milwaukee in 1805, and, in 1872, 
 married Jliss Laura J., daughter of Jason and Jerusha Monroe, of Lamartine — they had one son, Jesse), 
 A. P. (now of Jefferson Co., N. Y.), and Sarah (now Mrs, Harvey Wolcott, of Dakota), 
 
 <]rEORGE W. JACKSON, farmer. Sec, 27 ; P. 0, Lamartine ; is a son of Joseph and Ann 
 Jackson, whose biography appears in this work; George was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1838; when 
 10 3'ears of age, he, with his parents, sailed from Liverpool for America, landing in New York Sept. 15, 
 1848; they at once came to VVisconsin, and stopped for the winter in Waukesha Co,: in the spring of 
 1849, they removed to the town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., which has since been his home, and 
 where he now owns ninety acres of land in the southwest quarter of Sec. 27. He married Miss L^'dia, 
 second daughter of Eyre E. and Mary Crowe, immigrants to the town of Lamartine from St. Johns, New 
 Brunswick, in 1847, and, ten years later, to Waushara Co., Wis,, where her marriage to Mr. Jackson was 
 solemnized Nov. 13, 1858; four daughters and one son have blessed their household, and their names are 
 as follows : Florence A., Lydia A., Jennie M., Jessie D. and Theron J. Mr. Crowe, Mrs. Jackson's 
 father, was doubtless the oldest man in the town of Lamartine at the time of his death, Feb, 18, 1872 ; 
 nature having blessed him with a strong physical constitution, and possessing a great deal of will-power 
 and tenacity of life, he lived to the good old age of 99 years 4 months and 10 days ; he was born on Staten 
 Island, Oct, 8, 1773. and married Miss Mary Morris, of Granville, Nova Scotia, April 24, 1834, 
 
 JOSEPH JACIiSOX, retired farmer, See.'35; P, 0, Lamartine; is a son of John Jackson 
 and Hannah Noble; born in the eastern part of Yorkshire, England, Oct. 31, 1810; his fiither was a 
 contractor for cutting timber, in which he assisted for some time; but for four years prior to his emigra- 
 tion to America, he was woodman and under game-keeper for a wealthy gentleman by the name of 
 Joseph Sykes, of Roy well, Yorkshire. April 4, 1835, he married Miss Ann, daughter of George and 
 Jane Galland, nee Lyon ,of the parish of Newbaid, Yorkshire, England, who was born March 8, 1811, 
 and with whom, July 16, 1848, he sailed from Liverpool for America, and landed in New York September 
 15 fullowing, after a nine-weeks' voyage. They came thence via the lakes and Milwaukee to Waukesha, 
 Wis., where they arrived with only an English shilling Oct. 16, 1848 ; stopping at Waukesha for one 
 month, then removed to the town of McUanaca, Waukesha Co., where they spent the winter, and finally 
 reached their Western home in the town of Lamartine, April 14,1 849 ; Mrs. Jackson lived wi'h her brother, 
 Mr. William Galland, till her husband built a log shanty, to which they, with Jlr, Galland and family 
 (the two having eleven children), remove.d; here they lived as best they could, under somewhat cramped 
 circumstances, till September, when they removed to Mr. Dill's farm in See. 20, town of Lamartine, lived 
 here lour years. It was here in their house, that the first day school in District 4 was taught; the teacher 
 being 3Iary Story, now Mrs. Boyd, of Rock Piiver, Wis,; the first Sunday school and preaching of that 
 
1036 BIOGRAPHICAL SIO^TCHES: 
 
 neighborhood was also held in their house, by a Methodist minister, in the summer of 1851, after which 
 they had regular service there by different ministers for two years, and then they held it in the schoolhouse 
 near by; in 1S53, he bought a farm of eighty acres in See. 21, to which they removed and made their 
 home till 1SG9, when he sold that and bought another of eighty acres in Sec. 20, and forty acres in Sec. 
 35, making the latter his homo since. The children are as follows : Mary J., Mrs. Benjamin Brand, of 
 Lamartine, now deceased; George W., of Lamartine ; William, of Lamartine ; Jonah G., of Humboldt 
 Co., Cal.; Anna E., deceased ; Hannah E., Mrs. Warren F. Cook, of Massachusetts, now deceased ; Mar- 
 tha, deceased, born with three thumbs on right hand ; Joshua, who died on the voyage from England ; 
 Joshua D., now of this town (Lamartine) ; Isabella M., Mrs. Dusenberry, of Empire. Mr. Jackson was 
 Town Assessor for two years. In England, they were members of the Primitive Methodist Church for 
 twenty years; here they are members of the 31. E. Church. 
 
 WILLIAM JACIiSOlV, farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Lamartine; was born in Yorkshire, 
 England, Nov. 4, 1839, and when 9 years of age, wiih jiarents, Joseph and Ann' Jackson, nee Galland, 
 emigrated to America; landing in New York, ihey came thence to Wisconsin, and settled in the town of 
 Lamartine in the .spring of 1849; he made his home with parents till about 28 years of age, when he 
 purchased of his father the farm of eighty-nine acres in Sec. 21, which was their first settlement in the 
 town, and made that his home till 1873, when he sold that and brought his present "one of 105 acres, in 
 northwest quarter Sec. 22, in the same town, which has since been his home; he has also ten acres in Sec. 
 10. In February, 18t)S, he married Jliss Lydia, daughter of Enoch and Lydia Palmer, early settlers of 
 Lamartine; they have four children — Helen M., Leila D., Clarence, Ida L. They are members of the 
 M. E. Church. Mr. Jackson is a member of the Town Board; politically, he is a Republican. 
 
 ALBERT A. JOHXSOIV, farmer. Sees. 24,13, 15, 16; P. 0. Lamartine; is of New 
 England descent, and a son of Jesse and Dorathy Johnson ; born in Grafton Co., N. H., in 1825; he was 
 educated in the public schools of his native county, after which he followed the teacher's profession in that 
 county for four years, whence, in 1850, he removed to Deerfield, Lake Co., 111., where he continued teach- 
 ing during winter and farming in the summer season; iu 1859, he came to Fond du Lac Co., and set- 
 tled on his present farm of 100 acres; here he conlinuod to teach during the winter terms, and devote 
 the summer season to agricultural pursuits till 1876, when he gave up the profession after having devoted 
 a good part of twenty years to it, and turned his whole attention to his farm. He was married to Miss 
 Cordejia A., daughter of Guy and Lucinda Williams, of Deerfield, Lake Co, 111., in 1851; they have 
 eleven children — Emma, now Mrs. Thomas Huston, of Fond du Lac Township ; Ella, .Mrs Henry Brown, 
 of Lamartine; Addie, Eugene, Ettie, Minnie, Clara, Lorin, Carl, Ida, Hattie. Mr. Johnson was Chair- 
 man of the Town Board of Lamartine for two years; member of County Board for same length of time, 
 also Town Treasurer for two years. His wife is a member of the Methodist Church. 
 
 CHILI03f F. JOHNSON, deceased; was a native of Bridgeport, Vt. ; was born May 27, 
 1823; he made hi.s home with parents on a farm in his native State, till his marriage, Sept. 22, 1846, to 
 Miss Sarah, daughter of Solomon Jenner, of (hat State. In 1847, they immitirated to Wisconsin, and 
 settled iu the town of Taycheedah, Fond du Lao Co , where he followed farming for ten years ; he then pur- 
 chased a farm of 2851 acres in Sees. 35 and 36, town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., where he continued 
 farming and stock-raising till his death, July 23, 1879 ; he was the father of seven children, five of whom, 
 wilh wife, survived him — Darwin (deceased); Anna E. now Mrs. B. F. Monroe, of Blair, Washington Co., 
 Neb. ; Darwin, Jr., now an M. D. of Fox Lake, Wi--. ; Mary A. ; Frank C. ; an infant daughter (deceased) ; 
 Wallace L. The fitting words of the Rev. J. B. Cole, Pastor of the M. E. Church of Lamartine, in 
 his funeral notice, may well be inserted in this biograjihical sketch : " In March, 1846, he was converted 
 and joined the churcli, and was for many years an active ofiice-bearer in the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 and remained until promoted to the cliurch triumphant; he was a man of a warm heart, generous impulses 
 and great sympathy; he was a devoted husband, a kind fiither and a worthy citizen, who is very much 
 missed ; his end was a decided victory ; as the end drew nigh he exclaimed, morning, noon and night, ' I 
 have no fear ; I have tried to serve my God faithfully, and now I leave the rest ;' his sufferings were great, 
 but he bore them without a murmur; he awaited the approach of death with a perfect calmness; gladly 
 did he close his eyes on earth to open them in Heaven." 
 
 JOHN KRAEJIER, proprietor of blacksmith-shop, Lirairtine, is a son of Philip and Mar- 
 garet Kraemer ; born in Washington Co.j Wis., April 10, 1855 ; when about 14 years of age, he began 
 his trade with Seaman & Goctel, of Waupun, and, after remaining with them two and a half years, lias 
 since continued it at O.ikfield, Burnett Junction, Fond du Lac, Brandon, Fair Water, and established the 
 shop here in April, 1876, with a capital of §1,000, where he carries on all branches of the blacksmithing 
 business, and makes a specialty of horseshoeing. In August, 1876, married .Miss Minnie, daughter of 
 
LAMARTINE TOWNSHIP. 1037 
 
 Fred Kraciuer, of Fond du Lac, but a native of Germany. They have two children — Edward and 
 Elmer. Mr. and Mrs. Kraemer are members of the Lutheran Church ; politically, he is a Democrat. 
 
 PETER W. liAIIVG, farmer. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Eldorado Mills ; was born in Brechin, Scot- 
 land, January 1, 1810, and is the son of William Laing and Jane Montgomery, natives of Montrose, 
 Scotland. Our subject is the oldest living of seven children, five of whom were daughters ; when 10 years 
 of age, he was apprenticed to the flax-dresser's trade, in Montrose, which he continued there for nearly 
 twenty-three years. May 28, 1843, he landed in New York, from Liverpool, and went thence direct to 
 Andover, Mass., where he continued his trade in the shoe-thread factory for nine years ; in Jlay, 1852, he 
 came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where he purchased 80 acres in Sec. 19; he has now 120 acres in 
 Sec. 18, 52 in Sec. 19, and 17 acres in Sec. 4, town of Lamartine, where he has since followed farming. 
 Dec. 22, 1832, he married Miss Ann, daughter of Duncan and Fannie (Smith) Mcintosh, of Dundee, 
 Scotland. In 1873, Mr. and Mrs. Laing paid a visit to their native laud, after an aLsence of thirty years. 
 They were members of the Church of Scotland. 
 
 CirEORGE LiAXCjT, farmer. Sec. 31; P. O. Lamartine; is the son of Robert and Catharine 
 Lang, natives of New York, but descendants of Scotland; (reorge was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., 
 April 7, 1833 ; his father died when he was 2 years old ; but his devoted mother was long spared 
 him. In the spring of 1856, he, with his mother, emigrated to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on 
 a farm of 120 acres, in Sec. 31, town of Lamartine, which has since been his home, and where she died, 
 in 1879 ; he now has a farm of 160 acres in Sec. 31, town of Lamartine, and 90 acres in Sees. 6 and 7, 
 town of Oakfield. Sept. 25, 1867, he married Miss Leila, daughter of William D. and Almira Ash, of 
 the town of Oakfield, Fond du Lac Co., but a native of Montgomery Co., N. Y., from which, she, with 
 her parents, emigrated in 1848. One daughter and two sons have blessed their marriage — Katie, George 
 and William li. They attend the M. E. Church at Lamartine. 
 
 IR.4. HcCHAIN, farmer, Sees. 32 and 33 ; P. 0. Laraartipe ; was born in Westchester Co., 
 N. Y., Oct. 16, 1833, and is the son of James and Sarah McChain, nee Hopkins ; when 17 years of age, 
 he entered upon a three-years apprenticeship at the molders' trade, after which he continued it as jour- 
 neyman in New York for a short time, and then came to Chicago, III., about 1848, where he remained 
 nearly one year; in fall of 1849 he came to Fond du Lac, and took a position as clerk in the post office 
 under Charles Tompkins, for the winter, having made a visit to his relatives, Mr. Berry's ftimily, of the 
 town of Empire, the previous year; in the spring of 1850, he formed a copartnership with Levi Tomp- 
 kins, of Fond du Lac, in the meat-market, which lasted nine years ; he was, for the next four years, 
 molder in the Union Iron Works ; in August, 1867, he bought a farm of 136 acres in Sees. 32 and 33, 
 town of Lamartine, where he has since followed farming. Oct. 7, 1858, he married Miss Lucinda P., 
 daughter of Harvey and Mary Smith, who were among the first settlers on the Western Reserve of 
 Ohio ; three sons have blessed their household — Albert N., Harvey J., and Frank D. Mr. McChain 
 has been a member of the Common Council of Fond du Lac, also School Treasurer of the district where 
 he now resides, for several terms. 
 
 RICHARD MAC09IBER (deceased), was the oldest son of Jonathan and Eunice Mac- 
 omber, Quakers, of Keesville, N. Y., born Oct. 2, 1824 ; when about 20 years old, he began the carpenter 
 and joiner's trade, which he followed more or less for a few years ; his father being an extensive farmer, 
 of Essex County, Richard spent much of his time in agricultural pursuits ; in 1855, he came to Wiscon- 
 sin, and soon after bought a farm of 160 acres, in Sec. 8, but did not settle on it for some time. In 
 February, 1861, he married Miss Harriet, a daughter of Norridon and Waity Bennett, who immigrated 
 from Onondaga Co., N. Y., to Fond du Lac in 1845, with her father and family, her mother having died 
 in New York in 1839 ; two years after their arrival in Fond du Lie she went to live with Reuben and 
 Louisa Simmons, with whom she made her home till about two years before her marriage to Mr. Macomber; 
 her father removed to Big Rapids, Mich., where he died March 17, 1879. Immediately after their 
 marriage they removed to the farm in Lamartine, which now consists of 97 acres, and where Mr. Mac- 
 omber died Dee. 2, 1871, leaving one son — Gerald, by a former marriage. 
 
 ASA p. MARSHALIj, retired firmer, carpenter and joiner; P. 0. Lamartine ; is a native 
 of Jefferson Co, N. Y.; he is the son of John and Sally Marshall; born in 1818; when 19 years 
 of age he entered upon an apprenticeship at the molders' trade, in the machine-shops of Adams, Jefferson 
 Co., N. Y.; continued there for ten years ; his health not permitting him to continue that trade longer, he 
 then took up the carpenter and joiner's trade, which he has followed most of the time since. In 1843, he 
 married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas and Abigail Marshall, of Jefferson Co.; in spring of 1846, 
 they immigrated to Milwaukee, Wis.; remaining there a few months, they went thence to White River, 
 Mich., where he followed the trade for three years ; in 1849, he removed to a farm in the town of Lamartine, 
 
1038 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Fond du Lac Co., Wis., which he had entered two years previous ; one year after, they returned to 
 Michigan for three years longer; in 1852, tliey came again to Lamartine, which has since been their abid- 
 ing place. Tiiey have one dautjhter — -Edna A., and are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 ADAM "MENSCH, farmer, Sec. 11; P. 0. Woodhull ; is the son of Peter and Elizabeth 
 Mensch, and brother to Peter, whose biography appears in this work. He was born in Prussia Nov. 17, 
 1822; came with his parents to Ohio, and in 1840 to Fond du Lao; he entered forty acres of land in 
 Sec. 11, town of Lamartine. which has been his home most of tlie time since. Jan. 29, 1850, he married 
 Miss Elizabeth, daughter of John and Anna M. Waguer, native of Nassau, Germany, but early settlers of 
 this town (Lamartine); they have had three children — Elizabeth, Anna Caroline ( deceased ) and H. 
 William; members of the Evangelical Church. 
 
 PETER MENSCH,' farmer. P. 0. Woodhull; Sec. 11 ; was born in Prussia Feb. 17., 1825, 
 and, with his parents, Peter and Elizabeth Mensch, he emigrated to America in 1836, and settled 
 in Stark Co., Ohio, where they followed farming for ten years; April 5, 1846, they reached Fond 
 du Lac, and soon after settled on a farm southeast of the city for one year; they then removed to the 
 town of Lamartine, which has since been their home, and where ho has now eighty acres of land in south- 
 west quarter of Sec. 11, which he entered in 1847. Dec. 2G, 1851, he married Miss Fredricka, only 
 daughter of Gotleib and Fredrioka Grosse, a native of Saxony; they have two children — Fredricka, now 
 Mr.s. Morris Lewis, of the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac Co., John. They are members of the Lutheran 
 Church. 
 
 CHARL,EJ4 MILIiER, former. Sees. 4 and 9; P. 0. Woodhull; is the son of Henry and 
 Sophia Miller; born in ^^'ashington Co., Wis., Oct. 8, 1853; when 5 years of age, he, with parents, 
 removed to the city of Fond du Lao, where he followed lumbering and teaming for a number of years. 
 Dee. 20, 1879, he married Miss Minnie, daughter of William Smith, of Eldorado, and now resides on 
 Sec. 9, where he has a farm of 125 acres in that and Sec. 4; they attend the Methodist Church. 
 
 CONRAD MILiLiER, farmer, Sec. 26; P. 0. Lamartine; is a son of Henry and Martha 
 Miller; born in Prussia in 1807 ; he emigrated to America in 1836; landed at New York and then came 
 to Detroit, Mich., where, in 1838, he enlisted as a recruit of Co. D, of the Fifth Infantry, regular army, 
 then stationed at Ft. Winnebago, Wis.; in 1841, the regiment was ordered from there to Ft. Gratiot, 
 Mich., where they remained till 1845, and were then sent to Jefferson Barracks, Mo., but Mr. Miller 
 being on a furlough at the time, was written by his Captain from the barracks to join his company at 
 once ; on receiving this notice, he started on foot for his regiment, but by the time he reached Jeffersou 
 Barracks, the regiment had started for Corpus Christi, Texas ; Gen. Brooks being then at St. Louis, he 
 detained Mr. Miller a week, and placed him in charge of a recruiting corps, with orders to take them to Gen. 
 Vorse, then the commanding officer of his division of the army; he then returned to Newport, near Louis- 
 ville, Ky., and from there took fifty more recruits to his regiment and rejoined his company at Corpus 
 Christi; his term of enlistment expiring in 1846, he re-enlisted and served under Gen. Taylor till the 
 battle of Monterey, where his regiment was so badly cut up that he was soon sent on another recruiting 
 service to Mauch Chunk, Penn. ; was under Gen. Scott, at Vera Cruz, and served till 1851 ; was in the 
 battle of Chapultepec, where they lost four Captains and Maj. Scott ; in 1848, they returned via New 
 Orleans to Ft. Towson, in the Indian Territory; in 1849, they guarded the first emigrants to California, 
 from Ft. Smith to Santa Fe ; returning to Ft. Towson, they were sent in 1850 to Camp Arbuckle, in the 
 northern part of the Indian Territory ; while here during part of the years of 1850-51, he carried the 
 United States mail from that point to Ft. Smitli ; he was discharged in February, 1851, when he came to 
 Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on a farm of eighty acres on Sec. 26, town of Lamartine, and has since 
 followed farming ; he now has 195 acres in that section. Feb. 5, 1852, he married Mi.ss Catharine, 
 daughter of Joseph and Geneva KuflF, of Black Forest, Baden, Germany; they have seven children, whose 
 names and births are as follows: Caroline, born Nov. 18, 1852 ; Annette and Louise (twins), April 26, 
 18.54; Winficld S., May 20, 1856 ; Emily, Oct. 24, 1857 ; Adell R., April 6, 1860 ; Mary M., May 1, 
 1865. Caroline, Annette and Louise have been teachers in the public schools of Fond du Lac Co. ; Miss 
 Annette is now editress of the Lamartine Literary Journal; the femily is connected with tlie Baptist 
 Church. 
 
 JASOX MONROE, farmer. Sec. 35; P. 0. Lamartine; was born in Jericho, Chittenden Co., 
 Vt., May 12, 1801; is the son of Jesse Monroe (a farmer) and Susan Stone; he followed farming, the 
 shoemaker's and cooper's trades, and various other kinds of business there till 1847 ; in June, 1847, 
 came to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., and settled on a farm of eighty acres in Sec. 35; he now has twenty 
 acres in another section ; Lamartine has been his home since he came to W^isconsin. Oct. 27, 1828, he mar- 
 ried Miss Jerusha, daughter of Hiram and Rhoda Rublee, nee Moore, of Berkshire, Franklin Co., Vt.; they 
 
LAMARTIXE TOWN^SHIP. 1039 
 
 have had ei^ht children — Orlando, deceased ; Otis, deceased; Edgar, a druggist, of Blair, Neb.; Sidney 
 H., of Lainartine: Almira (now Mrs. Silas Stone, of Glenbeulah, Sheboygan Co. Wis."), Laura J., Mrs. 
 E. A. Hale, of Lamartine ; Byron F., M. D., of Blair, Neb.; Otto H., of Lamartine. They are members 
 of the Baptist Church. Mr. M. has held school and various other ofBees in the town. 
 
 SIDNEY H. MOXROE, farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Eldorado Mills; is a son of Jason and 
 Jerusha Monroe, immigrants to town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., in 1847 ; he lived with his parents 
 on Sec. 35 of this town, till about 17 years old, when he entered upon an apprenticeship at the carpenter 
 and joiner's trade, with Hill & M^ebster, which he continued till 1863. In November of that year, he 
 enlisted in Co. A, 2d W. V. C., under Col. Stevens; was with the Army of the West in the battles of 
 Oak Grove, Mo., Egypt Station, Mo., Yazoo City, Miss, and a number of other smaller battles ; was 
 mustered out of service at Austin, Tex., in November, 1865, and reached his home in December follow- 
 ing; he continued the carpenter's trade for three years, and in October, 1868, bought a farm of fifty-eight 
 acres in Sees. 19 and 20, town of Lamartine. where he has since followed farming. Nov. 15, 1863, he 
 married Miss Maggie A., daughter of David Hendry and Janet Hall,''natives of Brechen, Scotland, but 
 immigrants to Fond du Lac Co., Wis., in 1848; her mother died in three months after their arrival. The 
 children are Janet H., Jason D., David D. (deceased). Sedate A., Maude A., Sarah M. and William 
 Berthold. Mr. Monroe has been a member of the Town Board for two years ; politically, he i? a 
 Republican. 
 
 AIIGITSTINE D. XASH, farmer. Sec. .34; P. O. Lamartine; was born in Summit Co., 
 Ohio, in November, 1822, and is the son of Phineas and Fidelia Nash ; his mother dying when he was 
 about a month old, he was taken to live with his arandfather Nash, near Williamsburg, Ma.ss., where he 
 made his home till 6 years of age ; his father, having married a second time, he then returned to his 
 home in Ohio, and lived on the farm with his father till 21 years of age; he next followed various kinds 
 of labor in Ohio and Kentucky for seven years. Dec. 19, 1850, he married MLss Nancy, daughter of 
 William and Mary Meridilh, of Summit Co., Ohio, and in the fall of 1851, they emigrated to Fond du 
 Lac County, and settled on a farm of eighty acres in Sec. 2, town of Forest, which he bought in the fall 
 of 1846, while on his first visit to this county; he soon bought another eighty joining the first in the 
 same section, and afterward bought another farm of eighty acres in Sec. 14, to which he removed and made 
 his home till 1867, when he disposed of his interest there and bought a farm of 121 acres in Sec. 34, 
 town of Lamartine, for $50 per acre, where he has since followed farming and stock-raising ; he carries 
 on a small daijy, and has 100 head of sheep. In February, 18G5, he enlisted in Co. H, 14th W. V. I., 
 under Col. Ward, for one year; was sent to Mobile, where his regiment was mustered out in November, 
 1865; he held the ofiice of School Clerk in district for several years, in the town of Forest, and for nine 
 years in the town of Lamartine; in spring of 1879, he was elected Chairman of the Town Board. They 
 have three children— Helen A., now Mrs. Thomas Orchard, of Lamartine ; Mary F., now Mrs. John H. 
 Quick, of Lamartine, and Charles S. 
 
 ENOCH PALMER, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Lamartine ; is a native of the Province of New 
 Brunswick ; he is the son of Enoch and Lydia Palmer, nee Burpee ; was born in May, 1822 ; his father 
 being a farmer and lumberman, Enoch spent most of his time at the same business ; at the age of 17, he 
 went to Canada West, where his father had purchased a farm, and there, with a brother, spent about three 
 years at farming; he then returned to his home in New Brunswick, and, in the fall of 1846, with his 
 brother, immigrated to Wisconsin, and settled on a farm on Sec. 16, town of Oakfield ; in the 
 following year (1847), he sold out his farm in Oakfield, and purchased another in Sec. 29, 
 town of Lamartine, where he was one of the first settlers, and now has 289 acres, and 
 159 acres in Sec. 36, town of Springvale ; in 1850, he went to Califi)rnia, and for two 
 years was engaired principally in mining. He then returned to Lamartine, and, in August, 1853, 
 he married Miss Sarah, daughter of William and Hannah Tripp, of Canada West, but a native of New 
 Brunswick, her parents having immigrated to Canada, where they afterward died — her mother at the age 
 of 75 ; twelve children have been born unto them, as follows — Elizabeth, now Mrs. Joseph Spaiford, of 
 Fond du Lac ; Apphia, now Mrs. Charles Galloway, of Oakfield ; Ella M., who, with her younger brother, 
 Enoch, lives on the farm in Springvale; John M., Miiford P., Clara A., Chester, Franklin, Fredrick, 
 Annette A., Victor. They all attend the Baptist Church of Lamartine. 
 
 GEORtJE GRAFTON PIKE, farmer, cooper and carpenter. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Lamartine ; 
 is'a native of Mt. Vernon, Hillsboro, Co., N. H., and is the son of Ephraim and Nancy Pike; born Dec. 
 11, 1314; when 4 years of age, he, with his parents, removed to Burlington, \t., where he made his 
 home for twenty-five years, and worked at the cooper's trade most of the time ; in May, 1847, he immi- 
 grated to New Buflfalo, Berrien Co., Mich., where he continued his trade for two years ; in the spring of 
 
1040 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1849, he removed to the town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., settled on a farm of ei2;hty acres, in 
 Sec. 33 ; followed farming for four years; in 18.53, he sold that, and bought a place of sixteen acres in 
 Sec. 35, where he has since lived, and devoted his attention to the carpenter and joiner's trade, and also 
 farming. Dee. 17, 1837, he married Miss Clara H., daughter of Charles and Nancy Grannis (nee Bean), 
 of Burlington, Vt., but a native of Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; they have adopted one daughter — Julia M. 
 Mrs. Pike is a member of the Baptist Church ; politically, Mr. Pike is a Democrat. 
 
 AL.OXZO F. QUICK, farmer; P. 0. Lamartine; born in Schenectady Co., N. Y.,in 1828; 
 son of Mary and John Quick, a shoemaker of that county; the subject of this sketch received his educa- 
 tion in the common schools of his native place ; at the age of 1.5, he left home and hired out to work at 
 farming during the summer months, and was at home winters ; in 1854, he bought a small farm of fifty 
 acres, and lived in that place until 18G3, when he sold out and came West to Lamartine, buying the farm 
 on which he now resides of 147 J acres, known as the Meekin place. Mr. Quick married, in Sehenectad}' 
 Co., N. Y., in 1854, Jeannette, daughter of Eliza and Ephraim Ladd, a farmer; they have three 
 children — John H., Elwood E., Willie W. ; family attend the Baptist Church, and he is, politically, a 
 Republican. 
 
 AIjEXANDER a. RAMSEY is a native of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and is the son of 
 Alexander and Ann Ramsey; born in July, 1838. In 1841, with parents, he came to America and 
 settled in Rensselaer Co., N. Y.; in 1843, they removed to Andover, Mass, where his father continued the 
 flax-dresser's trade, which he had learned when a boy, in Scotland ; two years later they immigrated to 
 Dodge Co., Wis., and settled in the town of Clyman, where he lived most of the time till November, 1875 ; 
 in 1863, he went to California, where he followed scroll-sawing part of the time, and spent the rest in 
 traveling over various parts of the State ; he returned to Dodge Co. in the fldl of 1866, and made it his 
 home till 1875, as above stated; in November of that year, he bought a fiirm of 158i acres in See. 20, 
 town of Lamartine, Fond du Lao Co., Wis., where he has since lived. March 3, 1860, he married Mrs. 
 Jeanette, widow of William M. Kollie, and daughter of Peter and Isabelle Gardner, nee Ferguson, and 
 natives of Scotland, but immigrants to Wisconsin in 1854, she having at time of second marriage three chil- 
 dren — William M., now of Minneapolis, Minn.; James G., of same place ; Agnes, Mrs. James Collins, 
 also of Minneapolis; they have five children — Alexander G., Jeannette, Margaret A., John A., and 
 Walter D. Mr. R. has been Justice of the Peace of this town for four years. Politically, is a Repub- 
 lican ; they are members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 JOSEPH SCHAEFER, farmer, carpenter and joiner ; was born in Prussia May 26, 1821, 
 and is the son of Joseph and Christina Schaefer, both of whom died in Germany. April 26, 1840, he 
 married Mary Handshumaker, of Prussia, and, April 27, 1849, sailed for America and landed in New 
 York, and May 17 following, reached Fond du Lac, where he followed the carpenter and joiner's trade 
 for a number of years ; in 1850, he bought a farm of forty acres in Sec. 11, town of Lamartine, to which 
 he removed his family, and which has since been their home ; he still continues his trade much of the 
 time; he now has fifteen acres of land in Sec. 15. They have had eleven children — Mary A., now 
 Mrs. John Schnuar, of Eldorado ; Daniel ; Catharine, now Mrs. Casper Hofi"mann, of Fond du Lac City ; 
 Joseph ; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Casper Jagdfeld, of Fond du Lac; John, Michael, Fredricka, Mathias, Frank 
 Annie, Members of the Catholic Church. 
 
 JACOB SCHMIDT, farmer. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Woodhull ; was born in Prussia July 10, 1833, 
 and is the fourth son of Mathias and Mary Schmidt, with whom he came to Wisconsin in 1847, and 
 settled on a farm in the town of Lamartine, Pond du Lac Co., where he now has a farm of 140 acres in 
 Sees. 2 and 11. March 31, 1856, he married Miss Christina, daughter ot Mathias and Genoefa Reid- 
 meeler, a native of Wurtemburg, Germany; they have had nine children, five of whom died of diphtheria, 
 within two weeks' time, in the year 1878 ; their names and births, and deaths of the deceased, are as fol- 
 lows— Helena, born April 29, 1859, died Nov. 9, 1860 ; Mary, born July 4, 1861, died Aug. 4, 1878; 
 Helena, Jr., born Nov. 29, 1863, died July 19, 1878 ; John N., born Jan. 17, 1866, died July 20, 1878 ; 
 Michael F., born July 23, 1868, died July 25, 1878 ; Joseph G.. born July 26, 1874, died July 28, 1878 ; 
 Catharine, born Dec. 19, 1870 ; Maggie, born Aug. 8, 1872; Dena K., born July 15, 1877. They are 
 members of St. John's Catholic Church. 
 
 PETER SERESSE, cooper and former, See. 13 ; P. 0. Fond du Lac ; is a son of Peter and 
 Jennie Sersse; born in Prussia in 1842 ; when 15 years of age, he began the cooper's trade with his 
 father, and with him and fiimily came to America in 1865, and settled on a farm in the town of Eldo- 
 rado, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., where his father followed farming, though he worked in a brewery for 
 J. & C. Frey, in the city of Fond du Lie; in 1874, he purchased a ftirm of seventy acres in Sec. 13, 
 town of Lamartine, where he followed farming in the summer, and the cooper's trade during the winter. 
 
LAMARTINE TOWNSHIP. 1041 
 
 In 1874, he married Miss Augusta, daughter of Fredrick and Mena Henry, who came with parents 
 from Germany td Fond du Lac Co., Wis., when 2 years and 6 months old ; they have three children — 
 Anna 51., Mena and Peter F. They are members of the Evangelical Church of Fond du Lie. 
 
 STEPHEN W. SMITH, farmer, See. 20; P. 0. Lamartine; is a native of Dutchess Co., 
 N. Y., and is the son of Phillip and Cynthia Smith, nee Smith; born Dec. 1. 181 G ; when quite youn" 
 he, with parents, removed to Ulster Co., N. Y., and settled in the village of Woodstock, where his father 
 followed teaching for a number of years ; in 1849, he, with wife and family, immigrated to Wisconsin 
 and settled on a farm of eighty acres in Sec. 20 — the east half of the southwest ((uarter — town of Lam- 
 artine, which has since been their home. April 23, 1842, he married Miss Huldah A., daughter of John 
 and Sophia Tompkins, nee Maise. of Greene Co., N. Y. ; their children are as follows — Aletta, Emily M. 
 (now iNIrs. Thomas Mason, of Fond du Lac), Cynthia S., Melissa (now Mrs. Jerald Maccumber, of Lamar- 
 tine), Barnum E., of Harlan Co.. Neb. ; John W., of Harlan Co., Neb., and Charles Fremont. They 
 are members of the M. E. Church ; Mr. Smith is a Republican, politically. 
 
 ORVILLE J. SO PER, farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Fond du Lac; was born in Bristol, Addi- 
 son Co., Vt., Feb. 2(5, 1807, and is the son of Edos Soper and Desire Drake, natives of Massa- 
 chusetts; when 14 years of age, he began the trade of a millwright with his father, and afterward con- 
 tinued it in liis native State till 1836 ; he then immigrated to Wisconsin, and settled at Green Bay ; he 
 built the first saw and grist mill at De Pere, Wis , and continued his trade in Green Bay and vicinity for 
 nine years'; in 1845, he came to Fond du Lac and built the well-knowu " Soper's Mill," two miles south 
 of the city, of which he was proprietor for twenty-five years; in 1870, he bought a farm of 120 acres in 
 Sees. 23 and 26, town of Lamartine, where he has since followed farming, and now has a farm of eighty 
 acres. At Monktou, Addison Co., Vt., June 8, 1836, he married Miss Helena S., daughter of Captain 
 and Sally Kendrick, nee Eastman ; they have four children — Charles K. (deceased), William E. (deceased), 
 Rodney W. H., who married 5Ii.ss lola E. Mitchell, of Lamartine ; Delia A., Mrs. Christian Block, of 
 McLennan Co., Tex. Mr. Soper has been a member of the Masonic Fraternity for more than fifty 
 j'cars. 
 
 MARTIN STRATZ, farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Woodhull; was born in Baden, Germany, Nov. 
 17. 1829, and is the son of Sabastin and Magdaline Stratz ; at the age of 16, he entered upon an appren- 
 ticeship at the clockmaker's trade in his native city, which continued for tour years, and then returned to 
 his father's farm for two years; in October, 1852, with his wife Maria, a daughter of Joseph and Maria 
 Lehman, sailed for America, and landed in New York in the following December; they came thence to 
 the town of Lamartine, Fond du Lao Co., Wis., and bought a farm of 160 acres in Sec. 9, where he has 
 since lived, and is now a member of the Town Board. Politically, he is a Democrat. The children are 
 Joseph, John, Martin, Louis, Wilhelmena (now Mrs. Stephen Lisowi, of this town, Lamartiuej, Mary 
 and Emma. They are members of the Catholic Church. 
 
 JOHN UERl/ING (deceased) was a native of Prussia, and son of John and Catharine 
 Uerling ; born April 6, 1794, and, in 1820, married Miss Anna M., daughter of Michael and Anna Catha- 
 rine Poetz, of the Rhine Province, Germany. He followed farming in his native country (ill 1850, when, 
 in May, of that year, he, with wife and family of six children, immigrated to America, and settled on a 
 farm on Sec. 11, town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; here he died January 10, 1868, leaving a 
 wife and five children to survive him ; their children were as follows : Michael (who married Clementina 
 Koch, of this town — Lamartine — in May, 1854, and is the father of eight children), Mary (now Mrs. 
 Urland Landre), Catharine (deceased), Josephine (deceased), John, of Lake Superior; Christina Margaret 
 (deceased), Francis and William (deceased); he has twenty acres in Sec. 11, town of Lamartine, and is 
 proprietor of a saloon ; the second daughter is Catharine (now Mrs. John Pass, of the town of Fond du 
 Lac). William, who died in 1852; Margaret (now Mrs. Daniel Schaefer, of Fond du LacJ; John, of 
 California ; Frank, who married Miss Margaret, daughter of JIathias and Catharine Schaefer, of this 
 town, May 4, 1878, by whom he has had eight children, as follows: Mathias J., John (deceased), Catha- 
 rine, Agnes, Christina, Cleuiientina, Josephine and John. He h.as forty acres of land on Sec. 11, town of 
 Lamartine. They are all members of the Catholic Church. 
 
 WILLIAM S. WARNER, farmer. See. 22; P. 0. Lamartine; is a native of Jefferson 
 Co., N. Y., and is the son of Seth Warner and Ether Drake; born Aug. 5, 1820; in April, 1821, his 
 parents removed to the town of Le Roy, Genesee Co., N. Y., where his fiuher died June 30, 1840; in 
 December, 1843, he left his home in York State for Charlestown, Portage Co., Ohio, where he followed 
 fiirm laboring for nearly a year; in September, 1844, he returned to Genesee Co., taking passage on board 
 the steamer "Julia Palmer" at Cleveland for Buffalo; and, April 13, 1845, he started westward to try 
 his fortune in the wilds of Wisconsin ; coming via Milwaukee, he reached the town of Byron, Fond du 
 
1042 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Lac Co., April 20, just thirteen days after leaving his home in New York ; he at once pre-empted eighty 
 acres of land in Sec. 30, of that twwn, which was his home till April 1, 1858, and where his mother and 
 the rest of the family joined him in sis months after his arrival ; his older brother havinp; immigrated to 
 Wisconsin ahout six months before him ; here his mother died April 2d, 1852. Dec. 9, 184(1, he married 
 Miss JIartha E., daughter of Abner and Damarius Beebe nee Wicks, of the town of Byron, Fond du Lac 
 Co., Wis., but immigrated from the town of Byron, Genesee Co., N. Y., at the same time Mr. Warner 
 came; she died Dec. 14, 1850, leaving one son, Charles F., now of Lamartine. Oct. 22, 1851, he mar- 
 ried Miss Hannah, daughter of James and Hannah Craig, of the town of Byron, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., 
 but immigrants from the Mohawk Valley, N. Y.; she died April 27, 1857, leaving three children — William 
 H., of Lamartine; Esther A. (deceased) and Alice E. Nov. 2;i, 1857, he was married to Mrs. Adaline 
 C, widow of the late William Jones, deceased, of Lamartine, and daughter of Elias and Sally Fancher, 
 immigrant from Wyoming Co., N. Y.; they have one son — Clark E. In April, 1858, he removed to a 
 farm on Sec. 22, town of Lamartine, where he has since lived, and now has ninety-seven acres of land — 
 the north half of the southwest quarter, and seventeen acres of the east half of the south quarter of the 
 southwest quarter. Mr. Warner was Chairman of the Town Board for a number of years , was also 
 elected a member of the Wisconsin Assembly from the Third Assembly District in 1877. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Warner are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and have always taken an active part in all its 
 interests. 
 
 JACOB WEDEMAX (deceased). The subject of this sketch was one of the first settlers in 
 the town of Lamartine, having come in 1844 ; he was the son of Jacob and Sophia Wedeman, and was 
 born near Albany, Albany Co., N. Y., Dec. 25, 1812 ; his father was a native of York State, his mother 
 of Holland. When 16 years of age, with parents, he removed to the town of Cicero, N. Y., where, in 
 March, 183(J, he married Miss Ann, daughter of Mathias and Sally Morris ( nee Lathrop), and, in the 
 following spring (1837), they immigrated to Wisconsin ; landing in New York, they came, via the lakes, 
 to Milwaukee, where they stopped for three weeks, thence to Oconomowoc for a short time ; they removed 
 thence to Watertown, Wis., and there kept the first boarding-house of that place'. About four months later, they 
 removed to a farm near Watertown, where he followed farming for two years ; then returned to Oconomowoc 
 and there followed the cooper's trade, which he learned in the State of New York, when about 18 years 
 of age ; in 1844, they removed to the town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac Co., where he followed farming 
 for tliree years ; he next went to Fox River, Winnebago Co., Wis., for another three years ; in 1852, he 
 went to California, where a little more than three years he was engaged in mining, lumbering, etc. Dur- 
 ing his absence, in 1854, his wife bought a farm of IGO acres in Sec. 29, town of Lamartine, Fond du Lac 
 Co., which has since been the home of the family. Jan. 20, 18G2, he enlisted in Co. A, 14th W. V. 
 1., under Col. Wood, of Fond du Lac; he was in the battle of Shiloh and .siege of Vicksburg, where he 
 was killed May 19, 18G3, in the first movement; they had five children, as follows — Orrilla, now Mrs. 
 Peter Stark, of Hortonville, Outagamie Co., Wis. ; Emily, was Mrs. Orrin Baden, of Kansas, now deceased ; 
 Chauncy, who served three years in the late war w'.th the 32d W. V. I. ; Sarah Jane, now Mrs. George 
 Temple of Eldorado ; William W., who enlisted in the same company and regiment as Chauncy, but dis- 
 charged by President Lincoln, after the death of his father. Mrs. Wedeman is a member of the M, E. 
 Church. 
 
 METOMEN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 JOHN ABERCROHIBIE, lumber merchant, Brandon ; born April 19, 1830, in Kingsey, 
 Canada East ; his i'athor was a farmer and drover, and John was early inured to the labors of the farm 
 and accustomed to the care of stock, and this will account for his well-known admiration for fine stock, 
 especially horses ; from the fall of 1851 to the spring of 1855, he was in Boston, Mass, engaged in 
 the express business as delivery agent for Baker & Eaton. He was married, iu November, 1854, to Miss 
 Harriet Earl, of Maine ; they came to Wisconsin in January, 1856, and that same season he bought the 
 lots and built a small house on the same land where, in 1877, he erected his present residence; they have 
 five children — Louis E.., John A., Guita, Caroline and Charles H. For ten years he engaged in forming 
 and grain-buying; since 1807, he has been in the lumber trade; he was for some time foreman for a 
 firm, afterward partner, and for several years has been proprietor. He was a member of the first Village 
 Board of Brandon ; he is not at present connected with any secret society ; his wife is a Methodist. Mr. 
 Abererombie is familiar with all the changes and improvements which this village has undergone since the 
 
METOMEN TOWNSHIP. 1043 
 
 jnlly times wlien " Bunggo " was its name down to the dignified days of Bi-andon. He is an active 
 RepuVjlican. 
 
 WILililAM D. ASH, dealer in grain, produce and agricultural implements, Brandon ; was 
 born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., April 23, 1S18 ; his parents were farmers, and he worked on a farm till he 
 was of age, after which he served an apprenticeship as carpenter and joiner, and he continued to work at 
 his trade until his marriage. He married, Feb. 2i, 1844-, Miss Elmira Putnam, of Onondaga Co., N. Y. 
 In 184G, he came West and settled in the township of Oakfield, Fond du Lac Co., Wis., on 160 acres, 
 which he still owns; he now owns l,05t) acres of land in this county, besides many village lots imd one 
 business block ; also has ol55 acres in Iowa. They have had six children, of whom five are married and 
 living in Fond du Lac Co., and the other one is dead; their names are Helen M., Leila, William H., 
 David (dead), Adelbert and Eddie. He moved to Brandon in 1868 and built his present residence, and 
 also, in partnership with F. M. Hillman, bought eighty acres adjoining the village, and platted as an addi- 
 tion to Brand(m ; the next year he purchased a farm near the village, which claimed his attention ; in the 
 spring of 1870, he bought a store and stock of dry goods from F. M. Hillman, and sold the same, in the 
 fall of 1872, to R. C. Kelly; for two years he attended to his farms, and also sold considerable wood and 
 timber; since 1874, he has been engaged in buying grain, produce and live stock, and in the sale of agri- 
 cultural implements; he was School Su])erintendent in the township of Amsterdam, N. Y., in 1841 ; in 
 the township of Oakfield he was Assessor and Supervisor; also Justice of the Peace for fifteen years; he 
 is a member of the Brandon Board of Trustees, and has been Chairman two years from Brandon ; he is 
 not a member of any secret society. Himself and wife afiiliate with the Congregational Church ; he is a 
 consistent, reliable Democrat. Although a large producer, he is nevertheless most efficient and useful as a 
 " middleman ; " anybody with anything to sell is assured of an ofier by calling on W. D. Ash ; he ships 
 both to the Milwaukee and Chicago markets. 
 
 DEACON JOSIAH BATSON, farmer ; p. 0. Fairwater; born in Otsego Co., N. Y., in 
 July, 1829 ; he is of English parentage ; he worked on his father's farm till he removed to the West in 
 1852; he bought land immediately on his arrival in the county, which he kept till 18G2. He was marriod 
 July 10, 1853, to Miss Arabell Wells, of Gr^en Lake ; they have had six children — M. Josephine, War- 
 ren A., Fayette J.,Lora Belle ; the other two children died in infancy. Has lived since 1862 on his pres- 
 ent farm. Sec. 29, Metomen Township; has 300 acres on this homestead; has also an improved farm of 
 160 acres in Minnesota; he began life poor, has now a competency ; he is well known as the leading sheep- 
 raiser of that region; he now has 550 grade Merino sheep; fleece averaged about seven pounds each last 
 season ; his barns are commodious, and nearly new, having been, not long ago, entirely destroyed by fire, with 
 all their contents ; loss fully 84,000. Hie wife has been in delicate health for several years ; her mother, Mary 
 Wells, aged 82, lives with them, and is still active, and claims the privilege of caring for the milk of five 
 cows. For several years, Mr. Batson has been a Deacon in the Baptist Church ; he is a conservative 
 Ilepublican. 
 
 JOHN H. BERNING, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Brandon ; born April 12, 1815, in Westphalia, 
 Prussia; came to America in 1847, and pre-empted forty acres of his present farm ; afterward, he bought 
 fifty acres more, and his homestead now contains ninety acres, of which fully fifty are cultivated ; he has 
 also a house and two lots in Brandon. He was m.arried, in 1849, to Miss Eva Dina Liesveld.of Arnheim, 
 Holland; have had nine children — Henry, born in 1850, married Lena Freze in 1876; Garret, born in 
 1851, died in 1864; James, born in 1853, married Adella Videto in 1875; John, born in 1855, died in 
 1859; Eva Dina, born in 1857, married D. A. Duitman in 1879 ; Anna, born in 1859, died in 18(i2 ; 
 Mary, born in 1861 ; John, born in 1864, and Anna, born in 1869. He raises extra wheat; his s(in, 
 Johnnie, raises blooded poultry. Mr. Berning is a Republican ; he has good improvements, and is a thrifty 
 farmer and a good citizen. 
 
 ADEIiBEKT M. BLY, farmer, Sec. 14; P. 0. Brandon; born in Madison Co., N. Y., 
 Dec. 19, 1S37 ; came We.st with his parents in 1854, and from that time to the present his home has 
 been in this township. He enlisted Aug. 5, 1862, in the United States Service, and was honorably dis- 
 charged on the 12th of June, 1865 ; he was in the Western army, and went with Sherman to the sea; 
 he came home as First Lieutenant of Co. B, 32d W. V. I. ; in the spring of 1865, he endured peculiar 
 hardships and exposure while wading the swamps of South Carolina ; these experiences have told upon 
 his health. He was married, June 6, 1867, to Miss Anna Burdick, of Green Lake ; they have three 
 children — Mabel, Myrtle A. and George S. He has eighty acres, nearly all tillable. He is Superinten- 
 dent of Schools under the township system. Himself and wife are Methodists ; he is a consistent Repub- 
 lican and an honorable citizen. 
 
1044 BIOGRAPHICAL SIvETCHES: 
 
 DEACON GEORGE BLY, farmer, Sec. IG; P. 0. Brandon ; was born May 25, 1813, 
 in Eat(in, Madisun Co., N. Y. He has been a former all his life. He was married on the 8th of March, 
 1837, to Jliss Catharine M. Pearso. In the fall of 1839, he moved to Chautauqua Co., N. Y., where he 
 lived nearly fifteen years ; they came West in the spring of 185i, and located on the present homestead of 
 160 acres ; they had seven children — Adelbert M., born Dec. 19, 1837, married in 1866 ; Asa F., born 
 in ISll, married in 1871 ; Lydia J., born in 1843, married in 1861 ; Eliza A., born in 184.5, died in 
 1874 ; Sarah P., born in 1847, married in 1871 ; Izora E., born in 1850, married in 1875 ; C. Myrtilla, 
 born in 1854. Deacon BIy has held but one local office, and the results of that are seen in the straight- 
 ened and improved highways. His son, Adelbert M., served as a soldier in the rebellion from 1862 to 
 1865 ; his health was impaired while in the army ; he came home First Lieutenant of Co. B, 32d W. V. 
 I. Mrs. Bly died Dec. 26, 1879, aged near 67 years; the last years of her life were passed in 
 great suffering, but with Christian fortitude. Her youngest daughter is now housekeeper for her father. 
 He has been Deacon of the Congregational Church at Brandon for nearly twenty-five years ; he is not a 
 member of any secret society ; is a Republican ; never had a lawsuit ; is benevolent and beloved. 
 
 A3IOS BONO, former. Sec. 13; P. 0. Brandon ; born July 4, 1803, in Eden, Orleans Co., Vt.; 
 has always been a farmer. Married, Dec. 5, 1827, Anna Duntley, of New Hampshire. They came to 
 Wisconsin in 1837, and settled in Geneva, Walworth Co.; when he reached the place, he had a wife, four 
 children and 50 cents, and was in debt S5 for drawing his household goods from Raciue ; that season he 
 bought a house, costing, with land, S500, and paid for it in fall by making oak shingles by hand, and also 
 supported his family, paying $30 per barrel for flour and $40 for pork; his labor netted him $5 per day; 
 he bought a form and carried it on about six years in that county ; in the spring of 1847, he came to 
 Fond du Lac Co. and settled on Sec. 24, in Metomen Township ; after exchanging forms twice, he located 
 on his present homestead in 1864; there is now 220 acres in the farm. They have had nine children — 
 Sarah J., Paraelia M., Cephas H., Robert R. (dead), Amanda E., George W., Charles M., Albert A. and 
 Frank A.; they have twenty-six grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. In 1871, they sold the 
 farm to their son George, with whom they make their home. Has been Assessor. Himself and wife are 
 Jlethndists ; he is a stalwart Democrat. 
 
 J. H. BROWN, merchant and Postmaster, Pairwater; was born in Sutton, Vt., in 1834; is a 
 painter by trade; he came West in 1857. He enlisted in the 32d W. V. I., and served three years, and 
 was honorably discharged. He is unmarried. Keeps a grocery and notion store, and is Postmaster. Is 
 a Good Templar and a licpublicun. Is genial and popular. 
 
 HARRIS BROWN, firm of H. & J. H. Brown, groceries, stationery and confectioneries, 
 Fairwater; was born in Rhode Island in 1804; came West in 1857 ; settled in Fairwater in 1860 ; is by 
 trade a wagon-maker. In 1831, he married Miss Roxana Skeper, in Vermont; had two children — Mary 
 A. and John H.; his wife died in 1853. He is a Republican and a Methodist. 
 
 JACOB CARTER, farmer. Sec. 20; P. 0. Fairwater ; born June 2, 1813, in Lunenburgh, 
 Worcester Co., Mass.; his earliest recollections are of the old farm and Massachusetts homestead, but years 
 of his later youth were passed in New Hampshire; at the age of 18, he moved to Erie Co., Penn., where 
 he resided fifteen years. He was married July 17, 1833, to Miss Elizabeth Wasson, of Wayne, Erie Co., 
 Penn.; for a dozen seasons, they carried on farming in Pennsylvania; in 1844, they followed the "star of 
 empire," and founded a new home in the Territory of Wisconsin ; they stopped the first winter in Man- 
 chester, Green Lake Co., and on the 30th of June, 1845, they entered their roofless cabin, and slept 
 sweetly for the fir.st time on the farm and near their present hospitable home ; Mr. Carter had " rolled up " 
 the logs for this cabin in the month preceding, with aid brought from fifteen miles ( Manchester) ; the first 
 birth in the township was in that cabin that season — Franklin French — -whoso pjrents' thatched cabin 
 was burned so m after its erection ; the first family in the township preceded one week only the advent of 
 Mr. Carter's family; sickness, accidents and delays were the lot of this family the season before coming 
 West, while on the journey and during the first season as pioneers ; the first money earned by Mr. Carter 
 in the West, was through helping to run his brother's old open-cylinder thrashing machine ; in Augu.st, 
 1845, they began a tour of thrashing, which continued until February of the following year, and to find 
 grain, they made a circuit of three counties — Green Lake, Dodge and Fond du Lac; some of the now 
 well-known farmers for whom he thrashed, are John Bannister, Colwert Pier and his two brothers; Col- 
 wert Pier's grain was stacked and thrashed a few blocks north of the present site of the American House 
 in Fond duLac City; he also thrashed for Gov. Tallmadge, and Messrs. Conklin, Clark, Simmons and 
 Wilcox, of Waupun. In 1849, on his own farm, he thra.shed wheat one morning, but the machine broke 
 down before 9 o'clock; he took a grist to Fairwater to mill, when he went for blacksmithing repairs; the 
 flour was returned, and the hot baked buscuits made therefrom by Mrs. Carter were eaten at the 11:30 
 
METOMEN TOWNSHIP. 1045 
 
 A. M. dinner. In 1848, Mr. Carter built what was called for years the best dwelling in the township. 
 By 1850, Fairwater was quite a little village, schoolhouses and churches were being erected, and the new 
 country had many of the essentials of New England civilization ; Mr. Carter now has five improved farms, 
 aggregating 460 acres, of which fully 400 are now under the plow. Mr. and Mrs. Carter have added to 
 the census eight sons and four daughters, of whom five sons and one daughter are living— Mary A. 
 deceased), Sarah E. (deceased) ; George W. (the present Warden of the Wisconsin State Prison at Waupun), 
 James W., Harrison D. (deceased), Charles S., Alvin H. (deceased), Eliza B., Edward B., Henrietta L. 
 ( deceased ), Louis E., and Herbert K. (deceased) ; three of the sons served through the rebellion, as soldiers 
 iu Wisconsin regiments, and a fourth one was four years in the army as clerk in the Commissary and Pay- 
 master's departments ; Mr. Carter's family were the second settlers in Metomen Township. Mrs. Carter 
 is a motherly matron, whom many in that region regard as indispensable in sickness. Mr. Carter was the 
 first Postmaster in Metomen Township ; has been Assessor and Town Chairman, and held other local 
 oiEces ; he is- a "true-blue " Republican, and is actively interested in local and general politics. Himself and 
 wife are not connected with any church, but they are in sympathy with all institutions designed to benefit 
 mankind, and their faith looks to the ultimate happiness of all humanity ; they are a genial, hospitable 
 and highly respected family. 
 
 F.COLLIKS, farmer, Sec. 32; P.O. Fairwater; born in Warsaw, Wyoming Co., N. Y., on the 9th 
 of May, 1822; has always been a farmer. Was married, Oct. 16, 1842, to Miss Louisa A. Norman, of 
 Wyoming Co., N. Y.; removed to Michigan in 1844, and remained four years; his father, in 1845, pre- 
 empted eighty acres, which constitutes a part of the farm now owned by himself; he came to this town.ship 
 in 1848, and has not moved from the old homestead ; has 105 acres, of which sixty have been plowed ; 
 twenty-five is timber, and twenty is pasture and meadow. Have had seven children — Amy L., born in 
 1843, married in 1865 ; Calvin D., born in 1846; Anna L., born in 1849, married in 1877 ; Alva N., 
 born in 1853, married in 1878 ; Joseph T., born in 1857 ; William H., born in 1860 ; A. De Esten, born 
 in 1866. Himself and wife are Methodists; has been a Republican since the formation of the party. Mr. 
 Collins has declined all ofSce, but his neighbors speak of him as a very reliable and useful citizen. 
 
 THOMAS R. DARROW,>armer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Brandon ; was born in Erie Co., N. Y., 
 on the 13th of September, 1827 ; he farmed till 1849, and, in the spring of 1850, went to California 
 '■ across the Plains; " returned to Wisconsin in the fall of 1851 ; spent the winter of 1851-52 in Ocodo- 
 uiowoc, Wis. He was married May 6, 1852, to Miss Dolly A. Clough, of Bennington, Wyoming Co., N. 
 Y.; they came to Oconomowoc, Wis., and lived till the spring of 1854, when he settled in Metomen, where 
 he has since resided ; he bought his present farm in 1858 ; they had two children — Norris B. and Lyman 
 R. Mrs. Darrow died Oct. 22, 1872 ; himself and brother, Albert H., farmed in partnership for fully a 
 dozen years; he has now 200 acres of his own, and his sons, Norris and Lyman, have an additional eighty, 
 which they carry on, and live at home ; he has good farm conveniences and improvements ; carries on 
 general farming and stock-raising. He was married Dec. 25, 1873, to Miss Mary E. Cook, of Waupun ; 
 he is a member of Grange No. 52, and of the Protective Association, and a Temple of Honor man ; has 
 been Side Supervisor several years. Himself and wife are members of the M. E. Church at Brandon ; lie 
 is a Republican ; is affable and reliable. 
 
 S. S. DESTBilS, farmer, Sec. 22; P. 0. Brandon; was born Aug. 10, 1812, in Rensselaer Co., 
 N. Y.; after living in Ontario Co., N. Y., eight years, he came West in November; 1844, and stopped in 
 Green Lake till May, 1845, when he took up eighty acres of land, included in his present farm ; he built 
 a cabin that season, dug a well, and broke up some land. He took in a houseless family that season, and, 
 often none of them had any food in the cabin, they raised some potatoes, and also a little corn which, when 
 •■pounded " into meal and cooked with a little '■ boughten" pork, made a '' feast for a king."' After " bach- 
 ing" for several years, he was married to his present wife on the 23d of March, 1859 ; her name was Maiy 
 C. Helmor. He carries on general farming; has comfortable improvements now. Is a Quaker, and a 
 Republican. 
 
 W. H. DUNBAR, farmer. Sec. 4; P. O. Ripon ; he was born on the 31.st of January, 1831, 
 in Onondaga Co., N. Y.; farming has been his life-work ; he came to Metomen Township in 1855. He 
 was married in 1856, to Miss Charlotte A. Somers ; they had one child — RoUo C, born in 1859. Mrs. 
 Dunbar died in 1864. He settled on his present farm in 1866. He was married in December, 1865, to 
 Miss Caroline A. Abercombie, formerly of Canada ; they have two children — Mary B. and Charles H. 
 He has been Township Treasurer, and has held other local offices. He is a Republican ; his wife is con- 
 nected with the Congregational Church at Reed's Corners. She was for several years a leading teacher in 
 Metomen Township. Mr. Dunbar began life by working out by the month, and has earned his farm by 
 hard work and economy ; he has sixty acres, all under cultivation. 
 
1046 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 DANIEL EGGLESTOIV, farmer and first settler in Mctomen Township; P. 0. Brandon ; 
 was born March 21, 1812, in Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y.; lived with his parents on the farm till 
 22 years of age, then moved to Onondaga Co., N. Y., where he kept hotel four years at Clintonville. He 
 was married, on the 19th of May, 1836, at Clintonville, to Miss Sarah A. Robinson; they have had five 
 children, three of whom still live — Julian A., born in 1840, and married in 1868; Eugene B., born in 
 1844, and married in 1880 ; Alice A., born in 1849, and married in 1871 ; the other two died in infancy. 
 After leaving New York State, he located io Russell Township, Geauga Co., Ohio, where he remained five 
 years ; the " Western fever " was then taking off many of the sturdy yeomanry of the East, and Daniel 
 Eggleston followed the "star of empire; " in May, 1845, he came with his family to Metomen Township, 
 Wisconsin Ter., and bought the farm which he now owns, and by that act became the first settler in this 
 township; he now owns 400 acres, 280 of which are under cultivation, the remainder being timber land ; 
 a branch of Grand River crosses his farm; he had an "ocean of land" from which to select, and he 
 chose a combination of prairie and timber, with flowing water ; he has been prominent as a stock -raiser 
 and dealer, particularly of horses; he was elected one of the Supervisors when the town was organized in 
 184(), and has held several local offices. His wife died in April, 1869 ; she was a member of the Dis- 
 ciples Church. Blr. Eggleston is a moral citizen and a friend of churches; politically, is a Republican; 
 financially, solid, and, historically, the standard-bearer of the Pioneer Corps in the township of Metomen. 
 
 EDWARD E\SICj}N, proprietor of Ensign Hotel, Brandon ; was born in Salesburg, Litch- 
 field Co., Conn., on the 22d of July, 1822; his parents were hotel-keepers for many years, and he was 
 born in his father's hotel ; his education was in the public schools of his native town ; he remained at home 
 until 25 years of age, then spent one year in the hotel of his brother, at Canaan, Conn., and afterward one 
 year in Cleveland, Ohio. He was married in Norfolk, Conn., Oct. 1, 1849, to Miss Maria S. Wolcott ; 
 they have had no issue. The first season after marriage was spent in charge'of a hotel at Winsted, Conn.; 
 they then rented for a year the old homestead hotel ; in 1851, they removed to Orleans Co., N. Y., and, 
 in October, 1852, came West, and settled in Springvale on a farm, which he owned and worked for fifteen 
 yf ars ; came to Brandon in November, 1867, and purchased the hotel previously known as the Ferguson 
 House, which, with subscciuent additions and improvements, is now the well-known Ensign hotel ; this is 
 a fine two-story building, containing 22 guest-rooms, and is provided with all the appointments of a first- 
 class country hotel. Mr. Ensign's life-long experience as a hotel boy and man. fit him to be the traveling 
 public's acceptable servant. He was Supervisor one term in Springvale, and Town Clerk fourteen years ; 
 has also been Town Clerk eight years since his removal to Metomen ; is Secretary of the Masonic Lodge, 
 and Clerk of the village of Brandon. Is a member of the Congregational Church and is its Treasurer; 
 politically, is a Republican ; socially, is genial and benevolent, and, by general verdict, is a useful and 
 honored citizen. His wife also is a worker in the church, and a worthy helpmeet in welldoing. 
 
 JA91ES FENELON, farmer, Sec. 2; P. 0. Metomen; he was born Nov. 5, 1846, in County 
 Carlow, Ireland; he came to America, with his parents, in May, 1850, and settled in Springvale Town- 
 ship, where the father died in 1862, owning 1,360 acres, all in Springvale Township ; the mother died in 
 1877. The subject of this sketch is unmarried, and owns 240 acres of land, of which 150 are under the 
 plow; he has good farm improvements; he has some thoroughbred Durham stock and some fine-blooded 
 horses. Mr. Fenelon has lived in this county from early childhood ; he is a strong man physically, and has 
 a good education. He is a " Union Democrat every time," and is an adherent of the Roman Catholic 
 Church ; he is a man of strong convictions, thinks for himself, and acts on his own judgment in both 
 political and religious matters. 
 
 C. W. FElMwliSON & BRO., merchants, Brandon; the brothers are natives of New 
 York, and came West in 1855 ; C. VV. began mercantile life clerking for J. H. Foster in his general store, 
 which was established during the early history of Brandon; in 1860, he started in business with his 
 father, under the firm name of C. W. Ferguson & Co ; in 1876, his brother Leander purchased the 
 father's interest, and the firm became " C. W. Ferguson & Bro." In 1866, Leander was married to Miss 
 Hattie Foster^ of Brandon. C. W. Ferguson, in 1871, married Miss Eliza Thayer, also of Brandon. 
 Leander is Superintendent of the Methodist Sunday School ; he was fully three years in the army, and at 
 the close of the war was a Lieutenant in Co. B. of the 46th W. V. I. The senior member of the firm 
 conducts an insurance agency, and, in Waukesha Co., held several local offices before removal to Fond du 
 Lac Co. The firm carry stock in all departments of a first-class country store ; they are enterprising young 
 men, and enjoy the confidence of the public. 
 
 JOHX B. FOSTER, f\irmer. See. 2; P. 0. Metomen; was born Jan. 20, 1831, in Onondaga 
 Co., N. Y.; he lived in Steuben and Yates Cos. till he was of age. In September, 1851, he was married 
 to Miss Hannah E. Fisher, of Barrington, N. Y.; in 1856, they removed to Chickasaw Co., Iowa; he ran 
 
METOMEN TOWNSHIP. 1047 
 
 a saw-mill and carried on a cabinet-shop in the town of Bradford, near the confluence of the Big and 
 Little Cedar Rivers. On the Kith of July, 1858, his wife and only child were drowned in the Cedar 
 River, Iowa, by the accidental overturning of a boat containing the family and a hired man ; Mr. Foster 
 himself became unconscious, but was rescued several hours before the bodies of his wife and child were 
 recovered. He came to Metomen Township, on his present farm, in May, 1866 : he has 100 acres, of 
 which eighty are under the plow. He was^united to his present wife on the 26th of August, 1863; her 
 name w.as Amelia J. Balsley, of this county ; they have four children — Cora E., Mabel C, Bertha A. and 
 Nellie E. He is not a member of any society, except the Brandon Grange, No. 52 ; is a Republican. 
 The family are social, hospitable and highly respected. 
 
 JOSEPHJ. GA^riBLE, farmer, Sec. 25; P. O. Brandon; he was born on the 12th of 
 March, 1823, in Canada. His early life was spent in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., where he was married on 
 the 16th of June, to Miss Candace R. Wells. He is, by trade, a carpenter and joiner, and that has been 
 his occupation most of his life, although he owned a farm in York State, which he carried on by hired 
 labor; he has worked at his trade a portion of the time since coming West; he came to Wisconsin in 1864, 
 and bought his present farm, near Brandon; has ninety acres, most of which is tillable; he lived in Wyo- 
 ming, Canada, three years, near the oil regions, and carried on a cooper-shop; he is a good mechanic, and 
 enjoys his trade more than farming; has seven children — William W., Joseph J., Jr., Henry, George, 
 Jonathan, Mary and Clara, all of whom live in Wisconsin ; Clara, the youngest, is still living with her 
 parents in their pleasant home. He is a Republican ; himself and family are Methodists. Although they 
 have a good farm, desirably located, yet the health and tastes of Mr. Gamble and his worthy wife are such 
 as to make them willing to relinquish farm life. 
 
 HEIVRY C. CrLrEASOlV, farmer and grain-buyer. Brandon ; born Sept. 7, 1828, in Clare- 
 mont, iSullivan Co., N. H.; his father was a physician, but died when Henry was 14 years of age, leaving 
 the family with a limited income; from the age of 15 to 19 he clerked in a dry-goods store, in his native town ; 
 In 1847, he came West, and landed in Wisconsin, the month he was 19; he made his home in the town- 
 ship of Alto, till 1863 ; he arrived out of debt, but without an extra dollar ; began working out by the month 
 for the pioneer farmers ; everybody was poor then — prosperity came slowly ; after laboriui; a few years he earned 
 money enough to buy a yoke of oxen, and in the fall of 1853 he purchased his first forty acres on Union 
 Prairie, in Alto ; this, with additions, he carried on for ten years, when he rented the farm and moved to 
 Brandon ; he clerked in the hardware store of Z. Scott, in Brandon, for sixteen years. He was married 
 in April, 1854, to Miss Lucy J. Hackett, niece of A. F. Bush, Esq.; the wedding tour consisted of a trip 
 from the home of Esquire Bush to their prospective cabin home, about three miles distant ; the bride was 
 comfortably seated in the wagon, while the happy bridegroom trudged proudly by her side, driving his own 
 ox team ; such was pioneer life — times of republican simplicity and democratic equality ; but few horses 
 were in the country at that date, and ox teams were the fashionable conveyances to church, to spelling 
 schools, and to the country dance ; this farm he sold in 1876 ; he now owns a residence and about forty 
 acres of land within the limits of the village corporation ; he has one daughter, Arian ; three children have 
 died in infancy ; for the past season he has been engaged buying and shipping grain, in company with T. 
 Watson, who does the street work, outside buying, etc. His flimily are Congregationalists; he belongs to 
 no society or church ; is a Republican ; is of a quiet, retiring disposition, and is a highly respected citizen. 
 
 IjEVI J. HAEIv, druggist and grocer, dealer in coal, salt, and J. I. Case & Co's. thrashers, 
 Brandon ; born March, 1833, in Canada; when 10 years of age, he, with his parents, settled in Wyoming 
 Co., N. Y.; he has had much experience as a farmer, but his tastes led him to mercantile life. He was 
 married, on the 1st of Jan., 1857, to Miss Laura E. Sheldon, of Litchfield, Conn ;they havehad five children, 
 Frederick, born Nov. 16, 1857, died 1863; Clara A., born 1860 ; Warren A., born 1868; George W.. 
 born 1870; and Harlan E., born 1878; they came to Fond du Lac Co., in autumn of 1855, and have 
 resided in Metomen since 1856; was some years in the dry-goods bu.siness ; is Justice of the Peace, Police 
 Magistrate and Notary Public ; is a member of the Grand Lodge of I. 0. 0. F. He is an official mem- 
 ber of the M. E. Church, with which his wife is also connected ; was until recently a Democrat, but ibr 
 some years has voted with Republicans ; is a radical temperance man; is a respected and useful citizen. 
 
 WILIilAlVI HEKRICK, retired farmer, See. 19 ; P. O. Fairwater; he was born May 23, 
 1815, in Henrietta, Monroe Co., N. Y.; his parents were farmers, and they removed to Orleans Co., N. Y., 
 when the subject of this sketch was at the age of 13 ; that was their home until their death in 1841. He 
 was married, Dec. 25, 1843, to Miss Harriett Swift, of Orleans Co., N. Y.; he bought a farm in that 
 county, and carried it on till 1847, when he sold out. In the .spring of 1848, he came to Wisconsin, and 
 located on the line of Fond du Lac and Green Lake Cos., on the western border of Metomen Township ; he 
 took up land in both counties. They had five children, of whom three are now living — Helen H., married, in 
 
lOiS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1870, to G. B. Skewes; Mortier B., married, in 1874, to Miss Pauline Cole; Permelia J., dead ; Mo-*c.s 
 L., married, in 1877, to Miss Rosa Lindsey ; the other child died in infancy. Mrs. Herrick died May 16, 
 1866. Mr. Herrick had 395 acres, and carried on general farming and stock-raising; nearly all the land 
 is tillable; most of his land he has divided between his children; he makes his home with, his daughter, 
 Mrs. G. B. Skewes, who has two children — Duayne W. and Boulden J. Mr. Herrick is a Republican, 
 but has never been an office-holder. Surrounded by relatives and friends, relieved of care and blessed with 
 a competency, he, with cheerful independence, is passing on to ripe old age. 
 
 C. D. HKjJLKY', farmer, Sec. 3; P. 0. Metomen ; was born Jan. 1, 1817, in the town of 
 Mcntz, Cayuga Co., N. Y.; when he was but 10 years old, his father died ; he then went to live with his 
 uncle, Peter Husted, a Quaker, in Lee, Oneida Co., N. Y.; this was his home till he came West, when 27 
 years of age. The sedate influences of this good old Quaker no doubt affected greatly the future of this 
 nervous, active youth. In May, 1844, he came West, and took up 160 acres of Government land in this 
 township ; this was the first land entered in Metomen Township, and is still well known as the Higley 
 homestead ; the farm has prairie, timber and water, and Mr. Higley has it well improved. The Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul Railr ad clips a corner of his farm ; his residence is half a mile west of Reed's Cor- 
 ners. Was married in Oneida Co., N. Y., in April, 1846, to Miss Sarah C. Buell ; they have had three 
 sons — Oliver S., born Aug. 24, 1847, died May 4, 1865 ; Melvin C, born Dec. 21, 1850, died Dec. 16, 
 1862; Irwin B., born Feb. 14, 1853. Irwin, his only surviving child, is a clerk in a music store in New 
 Orleans. Mrs. Higley died June 23, 1809. He spent that season in New York ; a relative then kept 
 house one year for him. His first wife was a cousin to the present Mrs. Higley, nee Jane Buell, to whom 
 he was united in marriage Dec. 27, 1870, in Oneida Co., N. Y. He has been Justice of the Peace one 
 term, Asses.sor two years, Chairman two years, and Side Supervisor six years. His wife is a Methodist ; 
 he is a good brother-in-law of the church ; he is a radical Republican, and is universally respected. 
 
 Ji'.C. IIIIRLBUKT, miller and fiirmer ; P. 0. Fairwater; was born in the town of Eaton, Madi- 
 son Co., N. Y.; came to Wisconsin in 1848, having in the mean time learned his trade, which he carried on 
 two years in Janesville ; from 1850 to 1866, he was in the milling business in Jefferson, Wis. Was married 
 in 1853, to Miss Harriet Wadsworth, of Jefferson, Wis.; have had two children — Harry, married Mary Hall ; 
 Hattie, married Eugene B. Eggleston. In 1866, he built a steam flouring-mill on the corner of Michigan 
 and Market streets, Chicago, which, in 1870, he exchanged for his property at Fairwater. His mill, 
 known as the " Besley Mill," is located on the West Branch of Grand River; it has three run of stones ; 
 it was the first mill built in that region, but is now in excellent repair, and supplied with all modern 
 machinery needed for the business ; has ninety-three acres of land, upon which his residence and mill are 
 located ; he is a practical miller, and attends to his own mill. Is a Republican, and a quiet, sound, reliable 
 man. 
 
 CrKORlirli JEiVKISfSOX, hardware, tinware and stoves, Brandon; he is^also manufict- 
 urer of all kinds of tinware ; cheese-factory work is a jirominent feature of the manufacturing depart- 
 ment ; born in 1840, in Michigan; came to Metomen with his parents in 1845; his father settled on 
 Sec. 17, in this township; he was afterward Sheriff of Fond du Lac Co., and at expiration of term of 
 office, he was elected County Treasurer, and died while in the treasurership. Mr. Jeukinsnn has been 
 connected with establishments of this kind since 1855, and has been proprietor since 1865. Was married, 
 February, 1863, to Miss Frances A. Rivenburgh, of Ripon ; had five children — G. Bertine, Fred 
 (deceased), Maud L., David L. and Arthur L. Mr. Jenkinson's parents were among the earliest settlers 
 in Metomen Township. He is a Republican and a temperance man ; is social, candid and popular. 
 
 KOBERT JENKINSOX, Jr., Brandon, Wis.; native of Montreal, Canada; he came to 
 Wisconsin with his parents iu July, 1845 ; they settled upon 160 acres on Sec. 17, township of Meto- 
 men ; the senior, Robert J., was elected Sheriff of Fond du Lao Co. in 1852; in 1854, he was elected 
 County Treasurer, but died in January, 1855, shortly after entering upon the duties of the office ; the 
 family sold the homestead in 1864, and tlie members are scattered; the subject of this sketch has been 
 several years traveling salesman. He was married, in 1856, to Miss Lucy O'Couner, of Brandon ; chil- 
 dren are Ida, Clarence, Mattie, Nettie, and Josephine, who died at the age of 6 years ; he has been 
 a resident of Metomen Township since age of 12, and he came same year as the first permanent settler, 
 viz., 1845 ; his remembrances as a boy include weary tramps after stray cattle ranging over the unclaimed 
 prairie, and his meals exclusively of boiled wheat ; he has been the Town Collector: owns his home in 
 Brandon. Himself and family are Congregationalists. Is Republican. 
 
 H. KATH, merchant, Fairwater; was born iu Germany in 1843; came to America in 1858, 
 and settled in Manitowoc Co. .seven years; located in Fairwater in 1865. Was married in Ripon, to Miss 
 Ernstine Krueger; they have five children — Ottilge, Bertie, Josephine, Hattie and Hugo ; since 1872, he 
 
AIETOMEN TOWNSHIP. 1049 
 
 has been in mercantile business, sellinjj; ail kinds of goods usually kept in a well-assorted general country 
 store ; was Postmaster eight years. Is a Democrat, and a prominent official member of the first Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran Church, of East Fairwater; he enjoys the respect and confidence of ail classes of the 
 community. 
 
 R. C. KELIjY, merchant and fiirmer, Brandon; born May 16, 1833, in Danby, Vt.; 
 came West in 1854; was for a season an itinerant .salesman — a successful peddler; was a clerk about six 
 months in a store at Fairwater during 185(5 ; he pitched his tent in Brandon as soon as the village started, 
 and he was in one of the stores which was built in 1856 ; in 1858, he opened a grocery store for himself 
 in Brandon, but sold out in 1861 ; during that autumn he bought a warehouse and dealt in grain and prod- 
 uce ; in the spring of 1862, he opened a dry-goods store which he carried on about eighteen months, 
 when he again sold out; in 1864, he built a store, which he immediately exchanged for a farm ; that sea- 
 son he bought 100,000 bushels of wheat for shipment; he bought seventy village lots and 140 acres 
 adjoining Brandon, which he sold off in small parcels ; he exchanged some Iowa lands for a stock of dry 
 goods in 1872, and after remaining in the trade two years, he again disposed of the entire stock ; during 
 these years he bought, sold and exchanged several farms, and nearly every season he bought wool. On 
 the od of August, 1857, he was married to Mrs. Alzina M. Chapman, of Metomen. He is now manager 
 of the co-operative store established in 1877, which, under his popular management, is a decided success. 
 He is connected with temperance organizations ; has been Master of Brandon Lodge, No. 144, of A., F. 
 & A. M. Was Town Clerk for several years, and Chairman two terms; has been President of the Village 
 Board; was a member of the General Assembly in 1808, and Sergeant-at-Arms in 1860. Himself and 
 wife affiliate with the Congregational Church; he is a Republican. His honesty and business capacity are 
 unquestioned by his fellow-citizens. He has a pleasant home in Brandon, and considerable real estate, 
 mainly in Green Lake Co.; his commercial ability and personal characteristics mark him as a Westernized 
 representative of the New England Yankee. 
 
 O. B. KXAPP, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Brandon ; was born in Vermont in November, 1828 ; he 
 early exhibited a taste for travel, and showed mechanical ability ; at the age of 19 he took a fishing cruise of 
 a year on the Atlantic ; in 1849, he went to California via the Panama route, and spent two years mainly 
 in mining; soon after returning to Vermont, he made a second trip, via the Nicaragua route, in 1851, 
 and again remained two years engaged in mining, building and other enterprises ; returned to Vermont, 
 and, on the 14th of June, 1854, he was married to Mi.ss Ellen A. Worth, of Vermont; they soon came 
 West and located on the beautiful " Round Prairie," about two miles west of Brandon, on Sec. 28, town • 
 ship of Metomen ; this farm of 200 acres is charmingly located on elevated, rich prairie ; they have an 
 attractive residence, commodious barns and a well-improved farm ; he carries on general farming, but has 
 200 sheep, many of which are registered full-blooded merinos, and they are his especial pets ; they ha'-e 
 had three children — ^William O., Walter (deceased), and Gertrude F. He is a natural mechanic — soSiie 
 call him an inventive genius ; his mill for pumping water and grinding grain is of his own patent and con- 
 struction ; he delights to " play with machinery." Is not a member of any church ; is a Republican and 
 temperance on principle; is a thinking man of conceded influence. 
 
 CHAKLES p. KNAPP, manufiicturcr of sashes, doors, blinds, etc., also jobber and builder, 
 Brandon ; is a native of Vermont; was born in 1830; came in 1850 to Metomen with his parents. His 
 father. Alva Knapp, was a successful farmer, an enterprising man, a prominent Methodist and a good citi- 
 zen. The subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools of the county ; he is a natural mechanic, 
 and has worked as carpenter and joiner more cr less for thirty-three years ; but, until 1869, his main business 
 was farming; in the fall of 1869, he became a silent partner in the firm of James, Yorty & Co., in the 
 same business he now carries on ; the firm has undergone various changes, till now Mr. Knapp is sole pro- 
 prietor. He has a comfortable residence in Brandon, and an improved farm of 160 acres in Iowa. Was 
 married, in 1853, to Miss Lucy A. Gallop, of Metomen; they have six children — Eva C, Flora A. (who 
 married H. L. Brown in 1879), Edwin D., Neil C. and the twins, Frank and Fannie. He has for years 
 been one of the prominent business men of Brandon. Is a supporter of the M. E. Church, and a reliable 
 Republican. 
 
 JOHN LOCKIN, early pioneer in Metomen ; was born in Fiskerton, Lincolnshire, England, 
 on the 24th of June, 1822 ; came to Cherry Valley, Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1842, where he remained 
 three years, when he removed to Watertown, Jefferson, Co., Wis., and took up a quarter-section of 
 Government land ; in 1849, he located in Metomen, Wis. ; has continued a resident of this township to 
 present date ; his home, for the last ten years, has been in Brandon. He owns several town lots, and a 
 farm of 141 acres adjoining corporation limits ; he has held several local offices. On the 30th of June, 
 1845, he was married to Mi.ss Mary Jane Gragg, of Cherry Valley, N. Y. ; they have had eight children 
 
1050 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 —William H., burn 1846, died in 1875 ; Mary Ann, born 1849 ; Charles H., 1851 ; Joseph C, 1853; 
 Emily J., 1856 i Hattie E., 1859, died 1862; Ella K., born 1861; Angle, 1865. Two married sons 
 are living in Iowa ; two married daughters are living in this county, and the two youngest daughters are 
 at home ; he and his wife are prominent Methodists. He was one of the sturdy pioneers whose lives 
 have aided in giving Wisconsin an honored name. His family are all consistent members of the church, 
 with their parents ; he is a radical Republican. Blest with a competency and surrounded with friends, 
 he and his worthy wife are enjoying the fruits of a well-spent life. 
 
 - JONATHAN McASSEY, farmer. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Ripon, Box 346 ; he was born in County 
 Carlow, Ireland, in the year 1824 ; he came to America in spring of 1846, and came to Motomen in fall 
 of same year. He was married, in 1849, to Miss Elizabeth Smith, of his native place ; they have had 
 eight children — Mary A., Robert, dead ; Deborah, dead ; Sarah, George, Louise A., Albert, and Rachel 
 Alice, dead. After living several years in Princeton, Green Lake Co., he bought his present farm in 
 1869; he carries on general farming and stock -rai.sing ; he has seventy-eight acres, nearly all tillable. 
 Five children have attended school at Ripon, and all of them have taught school. Himself and family 
 are Protestants, and were raised as Episcopalians ; the two oldest are Congregationalists, the others are 
 not connected with any church. They have a pleasant, hospitable home, and an abundance of farm build- 
 ings. Mr. McAssey is a man of considerable quiet originality ; he has several brothers and a widowed 
 sister in the neighborhood. He calls himself an Independent in politics, votes according to his best 
 judgment, but is inclined to Democracy. He is a thrifty farmer and a good moral citizen. 
 
 L.YMAIV MARSH, retired" farmer, Brandon; was born April 26, 1809, in Clinton Co., N. Y.; 
 his early life was spent on a farm in that county. He was married, in 1832, to Miss Polly Comstock, of 
 his native town ; has had six children — Julia, James M., Emily, William C, Ann F. and Susanah. He 
 came to Fond du Lac Co. in 1849, but settled on Sec. 16, Metomen Township, in 1851 ; took up a farm 
 of eighty acres, and carried it on until 1875, when he sold the homestead and bought his present resi- 
 dence in Brandon. He owns two houses in the village ; was a succes.sful farmer, and is a good mechanic. 
 Is a Democrat, but, in local elections, votes for the best man, regardless of politics ; has been a Methodist 
 mure than half a century, and a Class-Leader about twenty-live years ; is not now engaged in any occupa- 
 tion. Surrounded by children and friends, he is cheerfully bearing the burdens of threescore and ten, 
 and is still quite vigorous and happy. 
 
 H. a. MATHKWS, miller and flirmer ; Brandon ; born in 1825 in New York, came with his 
 parents in 1845 to township of Alto, Fond du Lac Co., Wis. ; in 1860, he bought the farm which he now 
 owns, situated on Sec. 21 in Metomen, it contains 220 acres of first-class land; he also owns the Brandon 
 Flouring Mills, has five run of stone, and all the latest improved machinery, does custom work and also 
 ha good shipping trade. He was married in 1S50 to Miss Olive Avery, of Wyoming Co., N. Y. ; their 
 r.Hldren are Amos G., born 1852; Linus G., born 1856; Carrie, born 1862, died in 1864; his son, 
 Amos Gates, is foreman in the Flouring Mill, and Linus G. is on the home farm. Mr. Mathews is a 
 Republican, and a member of the Brandon Grange, No. 52 ; is not a church member, but contributes to 
 all institutions designed to improve society ; he is social and liberal minded ; is a successful farmer and an 
 enterprising business man. 
 
 JOHN %j. IflOOKlli, general hardware merchant, Brandon ; was born Sept. 18, 1829, in Mon- 
 roe Co., N. Y. ; his fath(:r was a Methodist preacher; after his school days were past, he learned the trade 
 of carpenter and joiner, which he worked at, more or less, till 1868. He was married, the 5th of March, 
 1851, to Miss Mary A. Randall, of Erie Co., Penn. ; they had one son^Mark E., born 1853, and was 
 married in 1878. Mrs. Moore died June 7, 1853. He came West in 1856, and located in the township 
 of Metomen ; for several years he worked mainly at his trade ; some seasons he engaged in the sale of 
 stone pumps, and about two years was in hotel life at Waupua ; from 1869 to 1872, he was in a restau- 
 rant in Brandon; then ibr seven years he sold groceries and provisions; in January, 1879, he started his 
 present business as " Dealer in Hardware, Stoves, Tinware, Farm Tools, etc." ; his is the leading establish- 
 ment of the kind in Brandon. He was married April 3, 1873, to Miss Sephronia Stickney, of Monroe 
 Co., N. Y. ; she died April 26, 1878 ; the cau^e of her death was an organic stricture of the oesophagus. 
 Mr. Moore owns a pleasant residence in Brandon, and also forty acres of tillable land in Pennsylvania ; 
 he has been a Justice of the Peace; is a member of Metomen Lodge, No. 107, and the Encampment, No. 
 25; he is a supporter of the churches, but a member of none ; is benevolent and liberal. He was a Dem- 
 ocrat till 1864, but then he voted for Abraham Lincoln ; he is a Conservative Independent, with Repub- 
 litan proclivities. 
 
 F. NEWL AND, farmer; near Fairwater ; was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., August, 1824; 
 lived in Erie Co., ten years, and at 19 came West and lived three years in Milwaukee Co. ; in March, 
 
METOMEN TOWXSHIP. 1051 
 
 1846, he settled on Sec. 30 in Metomen Township, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; P. 0. Fiiirwater ; has 
 200 acres in the original farm, which is still the homestead; fully 150 acres are under cultivation, and 
 about fifty are in timber lands. Was married, in July, 1854, to Miss E. Davitt, of Ren.ssolaer Co., N. Y.; 
 they have three children — ^Uiana, born 1855 ; Alice M., born 1858, and the .son named True, born 1868 ; 
 each of the daughters have attended several terms at Ripon College, at the present writing, February, 
 1880, they are at home. Mr. Newland is a Trustee of the Free- Will Baptist Church at Fuirwater, 
 his wife is also a member ; due credit is given to Mrs. Newhall as a rare worker, not only in the house 
 but on the farm, and as an efficient business woman. Mr. Newland is one of the earliest settlers in this 
 township ; is a prominent sheep-raiser ; is a successful, hard-working farmer ; is a temperance Republican, 
 and a reliable citizen. 
 
 CHARLES MORRIS (deceased) died Feb. 16, 1879, aged 46 years; he had been resident 
 of Metomen Township thirty-five years ; he was a successful farmer and prominent stock-raiser, especially 
 of Norman horses; for last years preceding his death, he had carried on a cheese factory, which was 
 located on his farm. He was married in 1860 to Miss Clara Hazen, of Brandon ; they had three children, 
 two of whom are living— David C., born in 1861, and Emily Irene, in 1872; the other died in infancy. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Norris were charter members of Brandon Grange, No. 52. He was a Republican. Mrs. 
 Norris and her son David catry on the farm ; she has been a resident of this county thirty-six years. 
 The farm is on Sec. 26 and contains 130 acres; is in the suburbs of Brandon. 
 
 THOMAS JEFFERSOX NORRIS, a pioneer farmer, Sec. 35; P. 0. Brandon; he 
 was born in September, ISOS, in the town of Pembroke, Rockingham Co., N. H.; when 12 years of age, 
 he, with his relatives, removed to Genesee Co., N. Y.; his main business has been farming, but, during 
 several years, he also carried on hlacksmithing. Was married, in September, 1830, to Miss Eunice 
 Andrews, who was born in ISIO in Erie Co., N. Y.; they have had eight children, of whom six are living 
 — David, born in 1831, died in 1846; Charles, born in 1834, married in 1S60, died in 1870; Thomas J., 
 born in 1836, married in 1861 ; Adeline J., born in 1840, married in 1871 ; George, born in 1843, mar- 
 ried in 1866; Lydia A., born in 1845, married in 1866; H. G., born in 1848, married in 1871 ; Mary, 
 born in 1851, married in 1877. In 1846, he, with his wife and six children, came West and took up 
 470 acres of land in Metomen Township, which he improved, and on which he has continued to reside to 
 present date. Their son David was killed by falling and being run over by the wagon when drawing their 
 household goods from Milwaukee to the farm. Mr. Norris has been Supervisor and has held other local 
 offices; is a Republican ; has belonged to no secret sooi'ety ; is connected with the Methodist Church, but, 
 because of the infirmities of age, is not a regular attendant. This couple are good specimens of the sturdy 
 New England yeomanry, and are enjoying the fruits of honest industry. They will celebrate their golden 
 wedding on the 12th of September, 1880. 
 
 JOHN O'HARA, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Brandon ; he was born June 7, 1824, in the city of 
 Quebec, Canada ; his brother Charles was born in Canada June 1, 1828, and his brother Henry was born 
 in Canada Nov. 18, 1831 ; John came to Illinois in 1845, and to Wisconsin in 1848, and took up 80 acres 
 that year and built a log cabin ; then his parents and brothers, Charles, Henry and William, came on, and 
 together improved the land and bought additions thereto, making now a farm of 156 acres under good cul- 
 tivation. The mother died in 1864, and the father in 1879 ; Charles is a carpenter and joiner, but makes 
 his home with the other brothers ; John is still unmarried, and so also is Charles ; Henry was married, 
 Dec. 26, 1862, to Miss Eliza Gallop, formerly of Canada; they have four children— John A., Mary A., 
 Lydia E. and Ellen E.; John and Henry carry on the farm. Henry has been Side Supervisor. Each of 
 the brothers is a Conservative Independent, with decided Democratic proclivities ; all are contributors to 
 churches, but none of them are church members ; their parents were Catholics, but the sons are Free 
 Thinkers or Liberalists. They are respected citizens. 
 
 AL5ION OS BORN, farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Ripon ; born at Rival, Hancock Co., Ale., June 24, 1813, 
 son of Joseph and Mary O-born ; went with his parents to Ashtabula Co., Ohio, in 1815 ; to Geauga Co., a 
 year later; to Seneca, Ohio, when 10 years of age; to La Porte, Ind., at the age of 18; removed to 
 Waukesha Co., Wis., in March, 1835, where they lived several years; removed to Mineral Point for a 
 year and then removed to Rock Co.; Mr. Osborn kept the Ball Tavern for two years, and carried on a 
 farm for some time ; came to Metomen, Sec. 2, in June, 1845, settling on land he still owns, and where 
 he now resides; came to Ripon in November, 1872, and in March, 1879, began the sale of agricultural 
 implements. He was the first Supervisor of the town of Metomen. He was married in Pulton, April, 
 1843, to Augusta Smith, who was born in New York State in April, 1820 ; she died Jan. 30, 1880 ; they 
 have three children — Charles Henry, a farmer in Metomen ; Frances, now Mrs. C. W. Foster, of Sauk 
 Co., and Porter M. Mr. Osborn is a member of the Lodge of A., F. & A. M. Mr. Osborn's father, 
 
1052 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Joseph Osborn, was born at Cape Ann, Mass., July 15, 1784, and died at Belleville, Dane Co., Wis. 
 Feb. 5, 1859 ; Mary Moore Osborn, his mother, was born at Bangor, Me., Dec. 12, 1789, and died at 
 Kingsbury, La Porte Co., Ind., Sefitember, 1869. 
 
 PHILANDER K. PICKARD, farmer. Sec. U; P. O. Brandon; was born in Living- 
 stone Co., N. Y., on May 2-1, 18-41 ; in the tall of 1854, he, with his parents, came to Wisconsin and 
 located on the farm which he now owns. It was previously known as the '' Marsh farm." He and his 
 father own adjoining farms. On the 4th of July, 1860, he was married to Miss Clementine R. Munn, of 
 Metomen ; they have two children — Jennie and Frank; the daughter is a student in Ripon College, 
 while Frank still attends the " People's College," in his home district. Mr. Pickard himself was a stu- 
 dent at Ripon College. His farm of 14U acres is nearly all under cultivation, and he also carries on his 
 father's farm of 181) acres; they have commodious barns and good farm improvements; carries on general 
 farming, in connection with stock-raising, particularly of sheep. He was Side Supervisor two years, and 
 in 1876, 1878 and 1879 was elected Chairman with regularly increasing majorities; he was one of the 
 charter members of Brandon Lodge No. 144, of A., F. & A. M. ; his wife is a member of the Congrega- 
 tional Church at Reed's Corners; she is credited as a worthy helpmeet, with bearing her share of life's 
 burdens, and winning her proportion of life's successes. Mr. Pickard is a Republican " every time," and 
 is actively interested in local and general politics. The disinterested historian records the verdict of Mr. 
 Pickard's fellow-citizens, " Genial, caoable and popular." 
 
 WILLIAM PICKARD, farmer, See. 15; P. 0. Metomen; was born on the 15th of May, 
 1816, in Otsego Co., N. Y ; he has been a farmer all his life. He was married, on the 27th of May, 
 1840, to Miss Emily Chamberlain ; they came West in 1854 and settled on their present farm; they have 
 two children — Philander K. and a daughter, now married. He is a Republican and a Methodist ; his 
 wife is a Baptist. Relieved of care and blessed with a competency, they are enjoying the calm pleasures 
 of ripe and honored age. 
 
 CAPT. "tVILLIAM PLOCKER. See biography on page 477. 
 
 WARREjV reed (deceased) was a native of Ohio. Was married in Ohio, June 14, 1848, 
 to Miss Augusta Day, of Ohio. He came to Wisconsin in 1854 and located 160 acres, where Mrs. Reed 
 now resides; he died in August, 1874. They had four children, all living in this county. The railroad 
 company secured a gift of the right of way through his farm on consideration of a written guarantee of 
 the permanent location of a depot thereon ; for some cause, the station was removed half a mile south and 
 established at Metomen in 1873, and the post office was also transferred from Reed's Corners to the resi- 
 dence of E. Reynolds, near the new depot ; the above tran.sfer is viewed very differently by the different 
 interested parties and their respective partisans. Reed's Station was named in honor of Mr. Reed. Mr. 
 Reed and family were Methodists; he was a good citizen. 
 
 EDWIN REYNOLDS, farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Metomen ; was born June 3, 1815, in Ches- 
 terfield, Essex Co., N. Y''.; in 1821, he, with parents, moved to Addison Co., Vt., where he remained nine- 
 teen years. He was married, on the 24th of March, 1840, to Miss Dorcas H. Dame, of Vermont; they 
 lived ten years in Chittenden Co., Vt. In 1850, he came to Wisconsin and located on his present farm 
 in Metomen; has 160 acres, of which 150 are tillable; he is a mechanic, and built his own house; is 
 engaged in general farming and stock-raising, particularly of sheep, and he also pays attention to fruit- 
 raising ; he has a commodious, nearly new barn, and his house is a few rods from the Metomen depot, and 
 his wife is Postmistress. He is President of the Protective Association ; has been Assessor twice, and 
 Justice of the Peace thirteen years, and held other local offices ; is a member of Brandon Grange, No. 52, 
 and is also connected with the I. O. 0. F. Him.self and wife are members of the Congregational Church. 
 They have five children — Lucy B. (married), Zilpha G., De Witt C. (married), Mary E. (married) and 
 Washington I. Mr. Reynolds is an active Republican ; he has been promised appointment as census 
 enumerator for this township. He asserted that he has never been confined to the house by sickness, and 
 his wife, who was present, promptly threw in the remark, " But you have done piles of grunting." Mrs. 
 Reynolds is an enernjetic and capable woman ; Mr. Reynolds is a well-known citizen. 
 
 GEORGE A. RUSSELL, retired farmer, P. 0. Brandon ; born in Cavendish,Windsor Co.,Vt., 
 Nov. 6, 1821 ; the year he attained Ills majority ( 1842), he came West; during the two following winters 
 he taught school in Waukesha Co., Wis.; in 1844, he boui;ht eighty acres of land, and partly improved it, 
 but sold it in a year at an advance. He was married Nov. 1, 1844, in Milwaukee, to Miss Miranda 
 Weatherbee, of Brant, Erie Co., N. Y.; they have had no issue; his parents were New England farmers 
 in moderate circumstances, and the subject of this sketch, when he landed in Milwaukee in 1842, inven- 
 toried his cash assets at exactly $50 : by teaching and farming, he soon added to his resources, and Provi- 
 dence has continued to favor him to the present time, as, according to his fellow-citizens, he is reported to 
 
METOMEX TOWXSIIIP. 1053 
 
 the writer as a man surpassed in wealth by few, if any, in the township ; for his success in life, he gives 
 due credit to his worthy life-companion: he first met her, by a happy combination of circumstances, very 
 soon after she landed in Milwaukee with her brother from New York, in 1844; they began wedded life as 
 pioneers on a Waukesha farm ; in September, 1845, having disposed of his first real estate, and converted 
 most of his personal property into cash, he entered and paid for 400 acres of prairie and timber land in 
 the township of Alto ; he expended all his money in the original purchase of the Alto farm, but fortune 
 favored his efforts, and he was soon enabled to improve, build upon and stock the farm ; he retained this 
 old homestead until 1867, when he sold the land (which cost him S50U), with its improvements, for 
 $17,000; in 1868, he bought his present homo in Brandon, and retired from active labor as a farmer; he 
 owns several houses and lots Within the corporation limits of Brandon, and also 325 acres outside the 
 village ; he has secured investments in different parts of the county. He has held several local ofiSces. 
 He became a Christian at the age of 18, and united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has con- 
 tinued an active member to the present date ; he is an earnest advocate of the doctrine of sanctification, 
 and, for several years, meetings for the promotion of holiness have been regularly held at his residence; 
 he is a person of strong convictions, which find ready expression whenever occasion demands ; he is in no 
 sense a nesrative character, but is an enterprisina;, positive man. He is a Republican. 
 
 SILVESTER W. SARGEANT, farmer. Sec. 13; P. 0. Brandon; was born June 26, 
 1823, in Washington Co., Vt.; he remained in Vermont until 1839, when he removed to Washington Co., 
 N. Y.; in spring of 1845, he came to Metomen Township ; he was without any money, but was " full of days, 
 works;" that season he worked fur and "bached" with E. F. Mansfield, who, in 1844, built the first 
 cabin within the limits of Metomen Township; Mr. Sargeant pre-empted 160 acres in township of Alto, 
 which he sold with his improvements in 1S46, and the same year entered the farm which he now owns ; 
 he had 12 shillings, all told, when he landed in this township, and that he expended for an as; he now 
 has 160 acres — 100 under cultivation ; has commodious barns and good residence, with first-class farm 
 conveniences; dairying is his leading interest. He was married, on the 13th of February, 1849, to Miss, 
 Isabella Graves, formerly of England ; they have had ten children — Zelia A. (dead), Emma (dead). Byron, 
 W., Sarah (dead), Jacob, Julia, Elma, Katie, Willard P. and Matilda ; the two oldest sons, Byron and Jacob, 
 have followed the ■' Star of Empire," and, since 1878, have been founding new homes in Oakwood, Brook- 
 ings Co., Dak. He is a member of Brandon Grange, No. 52; is a Republican. Mr. Sargeant's fiither died 
 when S. W. was but 9 years of age, and since that time he has provided for himself; his early life was 
 spent working out by the month, but his present comfortable surroundings betoken the success that comes 
 from industry and economy, united with the aid of a capable and worthy helpmeet. 
 
 ZEl^AS SCOTT, hardware merchant, Brandon ; born on the 17th of June, 1818, in Berks 
 Co., Penn.; when he was rjuite young his parents removed to Canada, where they remained till the father 
 died, in 1860. The subject of this sketch came to Wisconsin in 1>56, and spent the winter in Brandon ; 
 it was the season that the railroad was completed ; for the next four years he was absent most of the time, 
 but since 1860, he has been a continuous resident of Brandon ; he has been in mercantile business from 
 that date ; at first he ran a general store, but gradually developed into his present exclusive hardware 
 trade. He was married, April 11, 1870, to Miss Sarah Sherman, of Canada West; he has been two terms 
 member of Village Board ; also was a member of I. 0. 0. F., and is a member of Brandon Lodge, 144, 
 of A., F. & A. M.; owns his store and another business block besides his residence. He is a Republican; 
 himself and wife aiEliate with the Congregational Church ; he is a reliable citizen. 
 
 MARTIK C SHORT, Postmaster, Brandon, and editor of the Brandon Times; was born 
 in Winnisink, Orange Co., N. Y., on the 4th of November, 1836; came West with his parents in 1851, 
 and settled on a farm near Dartfbrd, Green Lake Co., Wis.; he attended the district school afterward at 
 Ripon, and was a freshman at Beloit College at the commencement of the rebellion. On the 10th of 
 November, 1862, he enlisted as a private in the 31st W. V. L; by honorable promotions he became 
 Captain of the company in which he enlisted ; he served until the close of the war ; participated in the 
 siege of Atlanta, and was with Sherman in his march to the soa. On returning from the army in 18C5, 
 he purchased the Green Lake Spectator at Dartford ; the following year, he removed the paper to 
 Waupun, and, in connection with J. W. Oliver, started the Waupun Leader ; he came to Brandon in 
 1871, and, since that date, has been editor and proprietor of the Brandon Times. He was married at 
 Dartford, in 1865, to Miss Sarah H. Churchill, by whom he had one daughter — Hattie. The mother died 
 Jan. 18, 1872. His present wife was Miss Clara A. Hogle, to whom he was wedded June 25, 1876 ; 
 they have two children — Mary and Martin. For twenty-five years Mr. Short has been an active member 
 of the Congregational Church ; is Superintendent of the Sunday School ; is Clerk of the School Board ; is 
 a public-spirited citizen and a radical hard-money Republican. 
 
1054 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 W. O. SLEEPER, farmer, Sec. 32; P.O. Fairwater; born ia Merrimack Co., N. H., in 1817; 
 was brousfht up as a farmer ; came West in 1842 ; he took up a farm, which he now owns, in 1846. He 
 was married, in 1842, to Miss Lavina Pierce, of Kenosha Co., Wis.; they have had no issue. Their farm 
 consists of 200 acres, fully half of which is now under cultivation. They have brought up two nieces, 
 one of whom is married to Georoje Lyon, of this town. Himself and wife are members of the Congrega- 
 tional Church at Fairwater ; he is a Republican. Mr. Sleeper's health has not been uniformly good, but 
 he is a hard-workinc; and highly respected man. 
 
 N. A. STEVEXS, jeweler, Brandon; born in 1847 in Ohio; came to Waushara Co., Wis., 
 with his parents, in 1852, where they remained sjven years, and then, for four years, took charge of the 
 Temperance House in Berlin, Green Lake Co., Wis.; the family located in Brandon in 1863 ; the subject 
 of this sketch passed the next ten years at Brandon, mainly as salesman in some of the stores of the vil- 
 lage ; was also, for a year, an apprentice to the " art preservative of all arts," in the office of the Brandon 
 Times. Mr. Stevens was married at Brandon, in August, 1875, to Miss Vina Councelman, of Columbus, 
 Wis.; she died in May, 1876. He served full apprenticeship as jeweler in the establishment of J. H. 
 Elkins, at Waupun ; about four years ago, he started a small jewelry store at Brandon ; this is more con- 
 genial to his tastes ; the business has enlarged, and he now has a full assortment of well-selected jewelry ; 
 his repairing department has an extended patronage. Is a Good Templar, a member of I. 0. 0. F., a 
 Republican and a Methodist. 
 
 DEACON L,OXSON STILWELL, farmer. Sees. 9 and 4; P. 0. Ripon ; was born Aug. 
 18, ISiy, in Madison Co., N. Y.; he removed to Onondaga Co., N. Y.. when 18 years of ago, where he 
 remained nearly eight years, engaged in fiirraing. He was married, Sept. 29, 1842, to Miss Mary K. 
 White, of Geneva, Ontario Co., N. Y.; they came West in May, 184C, and took up 280 acres, on which 
 his present home is located ; the next year after settling, ho donated forty acres of land to the Rev. Mar- 
 cellus Barnum, as an inducement for him to organize a church and preach to same. Elder Barnum was 
 the first resident minister in the township of Metomen. The Deacon now owns 170 acres, of which five- 
 sixths are under cultivation. He tells of going to Whitewater, eighty miles, to mill with an ox team. 
 He smiles in remembrance of visiting one cabin on a cjld day, when blankets were hung around the stove 
 and the "women folks" gathered within the warm circle, while the Deacon and other "men folks" shiv- 
 ered in the cold outer circle. He does not speak of these events as the sufferings and privations of pio- 
 neer life; in fact, he enjoyed these rude experiences, which all took part in with hearty good will. He did 
 not complain when, with a company in an unfinished cabin during a driving storm, the women folks gath- 
 ered under umbrellas upon the bed, and the men folk.s braved the elements as best they could. He has, 
 from the first, been interested in sheep-raising; has now 218 grade merinos. Have had eight children — 
 Lucian W. (married), Celia B. (married), Annette E. (married), Kate E. (dead), Hannah R. (married), 
 Warren, Mary E. and Edith M.; all, except the youngest, have been students at Ripon College, but Edith 
 is still attending the People's College, in her father's home district. Himself and wife are Congregation- 
 alists, and he has been Deacon about ten years ; he has held several local oSices, and is a Republican. 
 His house is the stranger's home, and the favorite resort of the many friends of the Deacon and his 
 worthy wife. 
 
 AliEXABTDER TURNER, manufacturer of wagons and sleighs, also general blacksmith- 
 ing, Brandon ; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Deo. 25, 1847 ; his parents came to America in 1849, and 
 settled in Dodge Co., Wis., where his father died in 1850 ; young Alexander spent most of his time in 
 Waukesha Co., until he was 23 years of age, and during that time learned his present trade of wagon- 
 maker ; he is called a natural machinist ; he has carried on business for himself ever since his apprentice- 
 ship ; was in business two years in Denver, Colo. Was married in Waukesha Co., Wis., Oct. 17, 1872, 
 to Mi.'^s Agnes S. Rogers; their three children are George A., born 1873 ; James, born 1870 ; Alexan- 
 der, Jr., born 1878 ; he had a shop two years in Merton, Waukesha Co. ; in 1874, he bought a shop and 
 home in Brandon ; bis business occupies seven men, and is enlarging annually : in the wagon department, 
 about forty farm wagons are made yearly, besides sleighs, etc., etc. ; he has a large patronage in the 
 repairing shop; horseshoeing is also a prominent feature; he is an ingenious, hard-working "boss" 
 machinist. Himself and wife are members of the Congregational Church, of which he is a Deacon. He 
 is a Republican, and a Temple of Honor man. 
 
 DR. JAMES TURNER, Brandon; is a native of Scotland. His parents came to America 
 and settled in Dodge Co., Wis., where his father died while the subject of this sketch was quite young ; 
 his home for twenty years after the death of his father, was Waukesha Co. ; he attended the public 
 schools, and afterward the State University, from which he graduated in 186(5 ; after graduation, he served 
 the M. E. Church as Pastor one year at Stoughton, his health failed, and he afterward prepared for the 
 
METOMEX TOWNSHIP. 1055 
 
 medical profession ; spent one year in the Detroit Medical College, and his last course was taken at the 
 University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, from which he received his medical diploma in 1871 ; while 
 attending the Wisconsin State University, he served as a soldier in the 40th W. V. I. for 100 days. He 
 was married in Lisbon, Waukesha Co., Wis., on the 27th of September, 1869, to Miss Susie S. Sims; 
 they have three children — Nellie, Willie and Grace ; he practiced his profession seven years in Oshkosh, 
 and located in Brandon ; he is in general partnership in a drug store and medical practice with J. E. lee, 
 M. D., at Brandon; they have an extensive practice in their profession, and a liberal patronage as drug- 
 gists. Dr. Turner is President of the School Board ; i.s identified with the order of Odd Fellows ; is an 
 active member of the M. E. Church ; is a conservative liepublican, and a thorough temperance man. 
 
 NELSON VAN CAMP, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Metomen ; was born in New Jersey Aug. 9, 
 1823; removed with parents, in 1825, to Wayne Co., Penn.; Mr. Van Camp spent twenty-one years of 
 his life in railroading in Pennsylvania. He was married, Dec. 31, 1848, to Miss Hannah Colburn, of Penn- 
 sylvania; they have four children — Gilbert A., born in 1850; Aurella A., born in 1855 ; Carrie B., born 
 in 1860, and Alice M., born in 1864 ; the three oldest are married. Mr. Van Camp came to Fond du Lac 
 Ca. in 1859, and, after living sis years in the township of liipon, he bought the present farm of 200 acres 
 on Sees. 2, 12 and 15, in the township of Metomen; he rents about one-half his land; has good farm 
 improvements. He belongs to the Protective Association, the Temple of Honor, and was formerly an 
 Odd Fellow. He is a temperance Democrat, and a Methodist. 
 
 J. WARNER, harness-maker and farmer; P. 0. Brandon; was born June 28, 1832, in Wit- 
 temburg, Germany; came to America in 1849 ; he worked at his trade one year in Coshocton Co., Ohio, 
 and afterward lived five years in Lorain Co., Ohio, where he took out his naturalization papers ; in 1855, 
 he came West and started a harness-shop in Fairwater, and during the palmy days of that village, the shop 
 gave employment to five workmen ; he has been two years in business in Brandon, and is the leading shop 
 in the village. He was married in May, 1856, to Mi.ss M. B. Siegle, of his native place, Germany; have 
 had three children — Francis H., born in 1857; Bertha, born in 1866, died in 1870 ; George L., born in 
 1872. Has a farm of 124 acres on Sees. 29 and 30, in the township of Metomen, near Fairwater ; he is 
 Side Supervisor, and has held other local ofiices ; his oldest son carries on the farm ; is interested ia stock- 
 raising, particularly of Norman horses. Is Republican. 
 
 SAHUEL WEINSTOCK, merohanc, Brandon ; born on the 30th of May, 1825, in Bavaria, 
 Germany ; came to America in 1845, and settled in New York City, where he remained till 1852, when 
 he came to Milwaukee and spent seven years in the mercantile business ; he then weat to Rubicon and 
 was engaged seven years in the business of buying and shipping cattle. He was married in New York, on 
 the 22d of November, 1863, to Miss Fannie Bamberger, of Bavaria ; have had four children — Millues 
 (deceased), Gilbert, Selina and Theresa. In the autumn of 1866, he came to Brandon, Wis., and estab- 
 lished a general merchandise store, under the firm name of Weinstock & Bro.; in 1870, he sold out to the 
 brother, and in the fall of the same year he started a store for himself, which he has continued to the pres- 
 ent date — keeps everything except hardware. Is a member of the Village Board; is a Master Mason and 
 a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Is of Democratic proclivities, but votes according to his best judgment at 
 the time of election. He has been continuously in mercantile life in Brandon longer than any other mer- 
 chant ; has a good trade from both foreigners and Americans. 
 
 HON. DAVID WHITTON, Brandon; born in Dundee, Scotland, Aug. 4, 1836. His 
 father was the youngest child in a family of twenty-five children; he is still strong, and for several years 
 has resided in the city of Waupun ; he landed in Boston, Mass., on the 4th day of July, 1842, with his 
 family, consisting of his wife, his son Charles, and the subject of this sketch ; the father was by trade a 
 stonecutter and mason, and was employed four years as foreman in the construction of the new locks on 
 the Welland Canal ; in the fall of 1846, the family came to Wisconsin, and located in Ashippun, Dodge 
 Co., where they remained ten years, engaged in farming; in 1856, the family moved to Waupun, Wis. 
 Young David, now of age, spent three years as an apprentice to the carpenter and joiner's trade; this not 
 proving congenial, he, in 1860, engaged in buying and shipping ftirm produce. Oa the 1st of January, 
 1862, he was married to Mis.'i Mary B. Turner, of Waukesha Co., Wis.; they have seven children — Mary 
 E., born in Waupun May 1, 1863; Charles B., born in Waupun March 23, 1865; David, Jr., born in 
 Waupun Feb. 21, 1867; Gracie Bell, born in Brandon March 29, 1869; Nellie A., born in Brandon 
 April 16, 1873; Alexander T., born in Brandon Sept. 13, 1875; Susie E., born in Brandon July 22, 
 1878. Mr. Whitton was admitted to the practice of law in April, 1877, and is established at Brandon, 
 and practices in Fond du Lac and surrounding counties. He occupies his own residence in Brandon, and 
 also owns a grain warehouse. He held the offices of Assessor and Supervisor while residing in Waupun. 
 Since his removal to Brandon in 1866, he has several times been elected Justice of the Peace, but he 
 
1056 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 qualified only once; in 1873, he was elected to the Legislature from the First Assembly District in Fond 
 du Lac Co. Esquire Whitton, from boyhood, has been known as an active Democrat. Since ISOI), he has 
 been an efficient member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has represented the Grand 
 Encampment of Wisconsin, in the Supreme Grand Lodge of the United States ; he is also a Royal Arch 
 Mason. 
 
 FREDERICK G. WILKE, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Metomen ; born in Stettien, Prussia, 
 on the 31st of December, 1831 ; from early boyhood he has " paddled his own canoe." After becoming 
 of age, he served three years in the Prussian Army, and was stationed most of the time in Metz. In 
 1856, he came to America, under contract to his wealthy patron, to serve him two years for the passage 
 money and board and clothing ; the faithful service was performed in the Wolf River country. Iii 1858, 
 he began working for himself, having itiO, a slout hand and a brave heart. He served Almon Osborn 
 two years, then worked the farm on shares for four years ; he then bought a farm, which he worked till 
 1876, when he purchased the well-known " William Brunson Farm " of eighty acres, on Sec. 11. He 
 was married, on the 7th of September, 1861, to Miss Mary Gonyo, of Waushara Co.; they have six 
 children — Henry F., Emma, Jennie, Sarah, John and Flora. During the rebellion he was drafted, but 
 paid the commutation ; he also sent money for parents and brother and sister to come to Wisconsin from 
 Prussia ; his aged father now lives with him. He is a grain-raiser, but is fond of good live stock. Him- 
 self and family are Methodists; he is a cautious, hard-working man ; is a Conservative Republican. 
 
 STEPHEN T. WILSIE, farmer. Sec. 15; P.O. Brandon; he was born Oct. 5, 1815, in 
 Schoharie Co.. N. Y. ; from age of 5 to 20, he lived in Ohio ; in 1835, he moved to Rochester, Alonroe 
 Co., N. Y., and that remained his home till 1856. He was married. May 18, 1843, to Miss Mary Banker, 
 of Rochester, by whom he had five children, all now living — Edward. Hiram, Emma, John W., Ophelia 
 C. Mrs. Wilsie died May 18, 1873, on the thirtieth anniversary of her wedding day. Mr. Wilsie worked 
 several years at his trade of carpenter and joiner; he came to Wisconsin in 1856, and settled on his 
 present farm; he has 110 acres under good cultivation; carries on "mixed" farming. Mr. Wilsie's 
 father came to this State in 1844, and to this township in 1846, and the family endured the privations 
 and experiences incident to the life of early pioneers ; he died in 1877 ; the mother is now aged 87, and 
 her home is with Mr. Wilsie ; he has been Township Treasurer once and Side Supervisor four terms ; is 
 a member of Grange 52. Was married, Oct. 18, 1877, to Mrs. Lavina Butler, of Metomen, by whom 
 he has one child, named Luella. Himself and wife are Methodists ; his parents were Quakers. He has 
 been Class-Leader more than a quarter of a century, and a member of M. E. Church nearly half a 
 century; he is social, benevolent and respected. 
 
 JOHN WORMWOOD, farmer, Sec. 23; P.O.Brandon; born in Caledonia Co., Vt., on 
 the 3d of Jul^', LsUi ; his parents were farmers, and his early life was spent on a farm in the Green 
 Mountain State; at the age of 19, he, with his parents, removed to New Hampshire, where he remained 
 until 1849 ; from the autumn of 1849, to the spring of 1855, he was in the furniture business in Boston, 
 Mass. He was married in Boston, on the 13th of August, 1851, to Miss Sarah Sargeant, formerly of 
 Waitsfield, Vt.; they have two children — Mary Ella and John. In the spring of 1855, they came West, 
 and located on the farm they now occupy; they have 140 acres, of which all except about twenty acres 
 is under cultivation. He was the first Master of Brandon Grange, No. 52 ; has been Chairmen of Meto- 
 men sis times, and has held other local offices; has been Master of Brandon Lodge, No. 144, of A., F. & 
 A. M., and is a Royal Arch Mason. Politically, he is a Republican, and defends his principles by argu- 
 ment and ballot. Himself and wife are consistent believers in the doctrine that the infinite love of God 
 will ultiinatelv gather all mankind to Himself in a realm of happiness. 
 
 ANDREW J. YORTY, P. 0. Brandon; member of firm of Hillman & Yorty, wholesale 
 lumber dealers and manufacturers, located at Winneconne, Winnebago Co., Wis.; he was born in Mead- 
 ville, Penn., on the 4th of January, 1832; his father was a blacksmith, and in 1844 he came to Wiscon- 
 sin with his family and located on Jeffijrson Prairie, Rock Co., where he started a shop and also took some 
 land, which the sons carried on ; in the spring of 1846, A. J., with his father, came to Round Prairie, 
 Metomen Township, and took up 160 acres of land, and broke up a portion of the same ; the family 
 removed to the farm in 1847 ; the father died in 1874 ; young Andrew worked on the farm, and during 
 the winters availed himself of the best educational advantages afforded by the county; at the age of 19, 
 he began teaching winter schools; he taught one season in Ripon ; in November, 1855, he went to Califor- 
 nia, and for five and a half years he was subject to the •' ups and downs " incident to the life of a miner ; 
 he returned to Brandon in May, 1861, and tor four years was a farmer in this township. He was mar- 
 ried March 12, 1863, to Miss Jlaggie Patterson of Alto; they have three children : Lizzie, born June 4, 
 1864 ; Edith, born July 15, 1867 ; Andrew J., Jr., bora Dec. 2, 1871 ; since 1866 he has been in the 
 
^ ALTO TOWNSHIP. 105 T 
 
 lumber trade; he commenced the retail business in Brandon, but since 1875 he has been engaged in man- 
 ufacturing and wholesaling lumber, with headquarters at Winneconne, Wisconsin ; Jlr. Yorty was Super- 
 intendent of schools under the township S3'stem in 1855 ; he was Town Clerk two years, also Treasurer 
 one year, when he collected the largest tax ever raised in this township, as it included the bounty tax ; he 
 has been Chairman twice, and in 18V1 was elected a Member of the Legislature from the First Assembly 
 District of Fond du Lac Co.; has held other local olfices ; has been a member of the I. 0. O. F., and also 
 of the various temperance organizations ; he is a Royal Arch Masoii. Is a reliable Republican ; himself 
 and wife affiliate with the Methodist Church. Mr. Yorty and his partner are both residents of Brandon. 
 
 ALTO TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ANDREW BRUINS, farmer, Sec. 9; P. 0. Brandon; was born in Gelderland, Holland, on 
 the 3d of December, 1827. He was drafted before the age of 19, and receiving a year's furlough, he 
 emigrated to America, in whieli he has acquired citizenship. On the 27th of May, 1847, he arrived in 
 Alto, and bought a pre-emption in the same section where he now lives ; his parents and remainder of 
 family came in the fall of the same year, and have lived in Alto ever since. He was married in October, 
 1851, to Miss Ellen Gleiven, formerly of Gelderland, Holland. He has 330 acres of land in Alto, and 80 
 acres in Metomen, the greater part of which is tillable; they have had nine children, three of whom died 
 young; the six living are Henrietta, Henry, Anna, Mina, Ella and x\udrew. He prefers to tend his farm 
 rather than hold office. The family are connected with the Pibenezer Reformed Church of Alto. His 
 father erected their church edifice mainly at his own expense. He is a Republican. The father and three 
 brothers live in Alto Township, and are all thrifty farmers and good citizens. 
 
 DERK BRlIINf^, farmer, Sec. 8; P. 0. Brandon; was born in Gelderland, Holland, on the 
 20tb of March, 1839 ; he came to America, with his parents, in 1847, and has lived in Alto to pre.sent 
 date ; he is the youngest son, and has always lived with his parents ; his mother is dead, but the father 
 still lives with Derk, and part of the property is still held by the father; he, the father, H. Bruins, is 81 
 years of age, has thirty-three grandchildren and three great-grandchildren, and is in good health, except the 
 necessary infirmities of age. Derk has 300 acres of land, all tillable except thirty acres of marsh, but forty 
 acres are still wooded ; has 350 graded Merino sheep; raises other live stock, and also grain. He was 
 married Jan. 11, 18G5, to Miss Cynthia B. Heusinkveld, formerly of Holland; they have six children — • 
 William H., Hannah, Edward. Henry M., Mina H. and Derk, Jr. He has been Side Supervisor three 
 years. Himself and family, and father, belong to the Ebenezer Reformed Church of Alto. He is Repub- 
 lican. Like most of his nationality, he is a moral, law-abiding citizen. 
 
 JOHN BRUINS, farmer. Sec. 16; P. 0. Brandon; was born in Gelderland, Holland, on the 
 27th of January, 1833; came to America in the fall of 1847, and settled in Alto, and worked on the farm 
 with his parents for fourteen years. In April, 1859, he was married to Miss Christina Glirven, formerly 
 of Gelderland, Holland. He bought his present farm in January, 1861 ; he has 240 acres, about 200 of 
 which are tillable ; he raises some wheat to sell, but pays more attention to live stock, sheep and cattle ; he 
 has two large barns with basement, and a comfortable house. Have had ten children ; two died in child- 
 hood ; the living are Hattie, Cornelius, Henry J., Johanna H., Dina L., Mary, Jennie C. and Henrietta 
 J.; all the children are at home. He is now Side Supervisor. Himself and wife are members of the 
 Ebenezer Reformed Church of Alto; he is a Republican, and has the characteristics of the Hollanders ; is 
 an industrious and moral citizen. 
 
 JAN W. BRUINS, farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Brandon; he was born in Wilp, Gelderland, Hol- 
 land, on the 12th of February, 1S35; his parents came to Alto in 1847, and he lived at home till IStJS, 
 when he settled on the farm which he now owns. He was married, Sept. 27, 1862, to Miss Gertrude 
 Vanderbeek. by whom he had three children, of whom two are living — -Hendrikes and Dina. The mother 
 died Dec. 25, 1867. He has 187 acres, fully 150 of which is tillable ; he raises grain and stock. In May, 
 1868, he married Miss Elizabeth Garritsen, by whom he had three children; the two living are named 
 Gertrude A. and John. Mrs. Bruins died Aug. 10, 1873. He has been Side Supervisor two terms and 
 Town Treasurer once. He was married to his present wife on the 27th of October, 1873 ; her maiden 
 name was Aaltje Rens ; they have had three children, of whom two are living — Betsey an J Aaldert Van 
 Wechel. Himself and family are connected with the Ebenezer Reformed Church of Alto. Has good 
 farm buildings and an excellent brick residence. Is Rjpublican: is Trustee of the church ; is a reliable 
 and respected citizen. 
 
1058 BIOGRAPHICAL SK1ETCHES: 
 
 MATHIAS DUVEIV, farmer, Sec. 14; P. O. Waupun ; born July 1, 1816, in Holland, 
 Province of Gelderland. Was married in Holland, in 1840,to Alida Straks, who was born Dec. 19, 1818; 
 daughter of Hendrekes Straks. Mr. Diiven came to America in 1846, and lived ten months in Jefferson 
 Co., Wis.; then came to Alto, and has resided there since. Has held office in the Reformed Church (of 
 which he is a member) over twenty-five years. Mrs. Duven died June 21, 1877, of paralysis; was taken 
 in church at 2 o'clock P. M. and died at 11 o'clock in the evening. Mr. Duven has nine children — 
 William, Henry, Charles, Henrietta (now Mrs. John (xyshers), Dora (now Mrs. Derk Reus), Mary (Mrs. 
 Jacob Meenk), Jane (Mrs. John Redaker), John and Hannah, all living in Alto except Charles, who 
 lives in the city of Waupun, and Jane, who lives in Trenton, Dodge Co. Has 160 acres of land, worth 
 $40 per acre. Republican. 
 
 ELiISHA CifREEX, retired farmer. Sec. 29; P. 0. Waupun ; was born in the town of Weare, 
 N. H., on the 27th of December, 1792, and is doubtless the oldest citizen of Alto: he is able to take care 
 of himself — is, in fact, a vigorous, hearty old man ; he spent his early life in Addison Co., Vt.; came to 
 Alto in 1854 and located on the farm where he now lives with his son George. He was married, Jan: 
 29, 1822, to Miss Silvia Chase, of Vermont; they had eight children, three of whom are dead; the liv- 
 ing are Abigal, Silvia A., Mary A., George G. and Hattie E. The mother died Oct. 27, 1876. He came 
 to Alto and bought land, but carried it on mainly by hired help; he is a natural mechanic and delights 
 still to work in wood or iron. Is of Quaker parentage; was never an active politician, but has beeu a 
 reliable Republican ; is an honest man and a good citizen. 
 
 GEORGE G. GREEN, farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. Waupun ; was born in Ferrisburg, Addison 
 Co., Vt., on the 16th of November, 1834; came to Wisconsin in 1854 and settled on his present farm. 
 He was married, in September, 1872, to Miss Lusella Fowler, by whom he had one child — Lusella M.; the 
 mother died April 7, 1874. He owns 240 acres of land, of which fully two hundred are tillable ; carries 
 on mixed farming, but makes somewhat of a specialty of stock-raising, particularly of sheep ; he has 200 
 thoroughbred and graded Merinos ; is called a successful farmer and stock -raiser. Is a Royal Arch Mason 
 and a Republican. Is a man of strong likes and dislikes. 
 
 WILIilAM GI^ENDIXiVING (deceased); was born July 9, 1805, in the parish of Ash- 
 kirk, Scotland ; served five years to learn the carpenter's trade. Married, March 22, 1827, Catharine 
 Graham, who was born in February, 1805, in the parish of Howick, Scotland, daughter of Thomas Gra- 
 ham ; her mother's maiden name was Margaret Rutherford. Mr. Glendinning came to America in the 
 spring of 1832 with his family; remained in Montreal a few months, then went to the State of New 
 York and followed farming in Delaware Co. till June, 1 845 ; then sold out and came to Wisconsin ; he settled 
 in the town of Alto on Sec. 36, where he followed farming till his death, which occurred Sept 5, 1872. 
 He left a widow and eight children — William Thomas (living in California), Margaret (now Mrs. John 
 Chapman, of Dickinson Co., Iowa), Effie (now Mrs. Hugh Meikle, of Alto), Isabell (now Mrs. Merritt 
 Vader, of Alto), Elliot (living near Wausau, Wis.), and James and Helen, living with their mother on 
 the homestead, which consists of 130 acres, and worth about §40 per acre.; one son, Walter, was accident- 
 ally killed Dec. 2, 1878, while engaged in unloading a car of logs at the saw-mill belonging to himself and 
 brother Elliot, near Wausau, Wis.; left a wife and two children ; lost two children in New York, who died 
 n infancy. P. 0. Waupun. 
 
 ROBERT GRAHA^H, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Brandon; he was born in Eskdalemuir, Dum- 
 frieshiro, Scotland, on the 24th of May, 1829; he is descended from one of the oldest families of Scot- 
 land, his ancestry dating back nearly four centuries. " Sir John the Graham," a prominent member of 
 the clan, is known in history as the friend Sir of William Wallace, and l;is exploits as a Scottish Chief, Mar- 
 quis of Montrose, are immortalized by Sir Walter Scott. The subject of this sketch was married in Scot- 
 land, on the 18th of February, 1853, to Miss Jane Inglis, of Roxboroughshire, Scotland; three years 
 after marriage, they came to America, attracted by the glowing reports given by friends who had found 
 homes in Wisconsin ; on the 12th of August, 1856, he and his " bonnie bride " took dinner in one of the 
 rooms of his present fine residence, which was at that time the entire dwelling; he has lived in Alto con- 
 tinuously to present date; he was a shepherd in Scotland, and had saved but little more than $100 with 
 which to commence farming in this town ; he first worked out by the month, but soon bought land and 
 enjoyed the high prices of •' war times ; " he paid $9,500 for his present farm of 190 acres ; he has a few 
 acres of marsh, but nearly all his farm is high, beautiful prairie, unsurpassed by any in the township ; he has 
 spacious grounds inclosed with his residence, which stands upon the corner of two well-traveled roads ; he 
 raises live stock and grain ; his barns indicate the thrifty farmer. They have had five children, one, a son, 
 died in 1874, aged 21 years; the living are William, John, Elizabeth and George. William is married 
 and lives in Brandon ; this son and a partner, named Clark, run a steam feed-mill on Mr. Graham's farm ; the 
 
ALTO TOWNSHIP. 1059 
 
 engine is used a portion of the time in connection with a steam thrasher ; the mill has a daily capacity of 
 six tons. Mr. G. has been District Clerk for a dozen years, and Side Supervisor two years. He is one of 
 the Deacons of the Brandon Congregational Church ; and his family are also Congregationalists ; he is a 
 reliable Republican. He has many of the characteristics of the representative Scotchman — is moral, 
 industrious, attached to his countrymen and to " Bonnie Scotland." 
 
 JOHIV H. HAWEXS, merchant, south line of Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Waupun ; born Aug. 26, 1841, 
 in Holland, in the Province of Gelderland ; son of Aaron and Henrietta Hagens, who took passage for 
 America when he was about 5 years old, and both died before reaching New York ; John H. was taken to 
 the New York Orphan Asylum, where he remained till 1858, then came to the town of Holland, Ottawa 
 Co., Mich., and from there to Wisconsin, remaining in the town of Alto till 1860, when he went to Milwau- 
 kee and engaged as clerk in a dry-goods store ; continued in that business in Milwaukee till 1866, then 
 returned to Alto and commenced trade for himself, where he still continues. Was married Dec. 8, 1871, 
 to Theodora Kastein, who was born Feb. 8, 1849, in the same place as her husband; daughter of Ruloff 
 and Elizabeth (Terheest) Kustein, who came to America in 1866; Mr. Hagens has three children — 
 Aaron, Elizabeth and Theodora. Mrs. Hagens is a member of the Reformed Church. He is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 ROBERT HOBKIRK, farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Waupun; born April 13, 1817, in Rox- 
 burghshire, Scotland ; son of Robert and Margaret (Blakie) Hobkirk ; came to America in the spring of 
 1842 and settled in Delaware Co., N. Y., where he was married, July 26, 1844, to Jessie Riddoch, who 
 was born Sept. 25, 1826, in Scotland, daughter of John Riddoc^h ; has seven children — Robert and John 
 (living in Trenton, Dodge Co), William, Mary, Frank, Anna and Jessie ; Elizabeth died Sept. 29, 1877, 
 in her 25th year, and Alexander died in infancy. Members of Congregational Church ; Democrat. Owns 
 200 acres land. 
 
 JOHIV KASTEIN, farmer, Sec. 23; P. O. Waupun; born March 10, 1835, in Gelderland, 
 Holland ; son of John William Kastein ; his mother's maiden name was Theodora Terhurst ; came to 
 America with his parents in 1847, and settled in the town of Metomen, Fond du Lac Co., Wis.; lived 
 there six or seven years, then came to Alto and located on Sec. 23 ; his mother died Feb. 14, 1867 ; 
 father still living. Was married, Nov. 30, 1858, to Ellen Giabenstein, who was born Aug. 12, 1836, in 
 Gelderland, Holland ; daughter of Henry and Johanna (Sleister) (Jiabenstein ; has ten children living — 
 Johanna (now Mrs. William Lovmans, of Alto); Theodore, John, William, Elizabeth, Rudolph, Antoi- 
 nette, Maria, John, Angeline and Robertus ; all living with parents except Johanna; has lost one — John 
 William, died in July, 1 864, aged 4 years and 9 months. Mr. Kastein has held the office of Assessor for 
 the last four years ; Supervisor several years ; also Clerk of the School District, and has been one of the 
 Directors of the Waupun Farmer's Insurance Co. for the last five years ; in politics. Democrat. Has 160 
 acres land, worth $40 per acre. Both members of the Reformed Church. 
 
 JOHN KLOOSTERBOER, former. Sec. 23; P. 0. Waupun; born Dec. 14, 1817, in 
 Holland, Province oi' (leklerlaiid ; came to America in 1849, and settled in the town of Alto on Sec. 9 ; 
 came to Sec. 23 in 1861 ; has followed firming ever since he came to this country ; had no English edu- 
 cation in Holland, but took an English-print newspaper (the New l''ork Tribmie), when he first came to 
 this country, and soon learned to read and speak English. In March, 1841, he was married, in Holland, 
 to Fannie Groothedde, who was born April 27, 1804, in Holland; her first husband's name was Derk V'^an 
 Wechel, who died in 1838, leaving four children — Ella (who died in January, 1875), Johanna (now Mrs. 
 John Straks, of Alto), Arend (who lives in Iowa), and Anna (now Mrs. William Klumpers, of Alto). He 
 has 374 acres of land in Alto, divided into three farms, worth about $15,000. He is a member of the 
 Reformed Church, and a Republican. 
 
 WILLIAM KLUMPERS, farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Waupun ; born March 28, 1827, in 
 Holland, Province of Gelderland ; came to America in 1847, and lived in the town of Sullivan, Jefferson 
 Co., Wis., till the spring of 1857, then sold out, and bought the farm he now owns, where he has since 
 resided. He was married, March 11, '1857, to Anna Van Wechel, who was born May 29, 1838, also in 
 Gelderland. Holland, daughter of Derk Van Wechel, and stepdaughter of John Kloosterbocr ; have five 
 children — Johanna, Derk, Garret, Frances and Willie ; have lost two — Garret died March 20, 1863, aged 
 17 months, and Frankie, April 27, 1868, aged 10 months. Johanna is now the wife of John Neehol, of 
 Alto. Has eighty acres of land, worth $60 per acre. Both members of the Reformed Church, and he 
 is a Republican. 
 
 JOHN LANDAAL, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Waupun ; born Jan. 15, 1824, in Geldcrlanu, 
 Holland; son of Cornelius Landaal, who came to America in 1848, settled in Alto, and died Sept. 20, 
 1874 ; John came to America in 1847, and worked at carpenter and joiner work (which trade he had 
 
1060 BIOGRAPHICAL SICETCHES: 
 
 learned in Holland) one year in Milwaukee, Wis. ; in the spring of 1848, went to Ottawa Co., Mich.; 
 lived there till the fall of 1849, then came back to Wisconsin and settled in the town of Alto; 
 first bouo'ht a farm of thirty acres on Sec. 21, subsequently added to it, and sold out in the spring of 
 1856 ; the next fiiil, he bought the farm he now owns, on Sec. 26 ; has 180 acres in his home farm, and 
 160 acres on the county line in Sees. 34 and 35 ; both farms are worth about §20,000. He has been 
 Justice of the Peace, Supervisor and Assessor ; was one of the originators of the Waupun Farmers' 
 Insurance Co., and is now agent for the town of Alto. He was married, Nov. 14, 1850, to Berendiena 
 Mensink, who w;is born Nov. 28, 1832, in the same place as her husband ; her parents came to America 
 in 1846; lived three years in Saratoga Co., N. Y., then came to Wisconsin and lived in Alto till 1864, 
 then removed to Fillmore Co., Minn., and died there ; Jlr. and Mrs. Landaal have ten children — Mary C., 
 now Mrs. Henry De Groat, of Alto ; Johanna H., now Mrs. John Duitman ; Henry B., married Alary 
 Ue Groat, and lives in Alto ; Mina C, now Mrs. Anthony Loomaus, of Alto ; John L., Bernard J., Gar- 
 ret A., Emma L., Cornelius H. and Louisa A. ; have lost four — Jlina C., Cornelius H., Louisa A. and 
 Benjamin. Mr. Landaal is a Democrat, and an Elder in the Reformed Church, to which they both 
 belong. 
 
 DAVID T. McCLAUGHEY, Sec. 30; P. O. Waupun; was born Dec. 20, 1824, in 
 Washington Co., N. Y.; he lived five years in Oswego Co. before coming West in 1839 ; his father, 
 Daniel, and all the family, came to Wisconsin, and settled on Pleasant Prairie, Kenosha Co., on the 7th 
 of November, 1839 ; David T. remained there until the summer of 1846, when he took up land in Alto ; 
 he has been twenty-four years on the farm which he now owns. ' He was married, March 13, 1849, to 
 Mi.ss Susan E. Knight, of Alto ; her parents were among the very earliest settlers in this township; he 
 has 500 acres, all of which he regards as tillable, but about one-fifth is marsh, which yields an abundance 
 of good hay ; he makes a specialty of stock-raising; has 125 thoroughbred and graded merino sheep; 
 keeps grade Durham cattle ; has several horses of the Swigart breed. They have six children — Angeline 
 B., Martha, David W., Maria, Je.ssie F., and Nellie V.; the two oldest daughters are married and live in 
 Iowa; the other four are on the home farm; he was a partner with William Knight in keeping the first 
 hotel in Alto ; it was on Sec. 31, and for a dozen years had a large patronage ; he has been Side Supervisor, 
 and also Treasurer several times ; he never had a lawsuit in his life. He is a Republican, and is a mem- 
 ber of Waupun Lodge, No. 48, of A., F. & A. M.; his father, Daniel, was born Dec. 21, 1802; came to 
 Alto in 1863, and makes his home with his son, David T.; his wife died in 1S69 ; he had a family of nine 
 of whom six are living ; the youngest died in the army. All have been successful farmers and good 
 citizens. 
 
 JOHjV albert MEEXK, farmer. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Waupun ; born Oct. 12, 1820, in 
 Gelderland, Holland; came to America in 1844, arriving in New York City in August; lived in West- 
 field, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., till 1845, when he was joined by his parents, two sisters and five brothers; 
 the whole family came to Wisconsin and settled in Alto, except Henry, who went to Texas. Mr. Meenk 
 wis married, Feb. 2, 1850, to Henrietta Veenhuis, who was born in October, 1821, in Gelderland, Hol- 
 land, and died July 24, 1857, of consumption, leaving two children — Jacob and Garret William, both 
 living in Alto; Garret William with his father. Was married the second time, Nov. 17, 1858, to Anna 
 Cornelia Wubbels, who died April 12, 1868, aged about 52, leaving one child by Mr. Meenk (her second 
 husband), Gertrude. Was married the third time, Jan. 27, 1870, to Mrs. Alida Venhuis, whose maiden 
 name was Droppers; has 180 acres of land, 840 per acre. Member of Reformed Church, and a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 JOHN D. MEEN^K (deceased) was born in Gelderland, Holland ; came to America, with his 
 parents, in 1845, and settled in the'town of Alto, being among the first settlers of the town ; lived first in 
 the north part of the town, but sold out in 1865, and removed to Sec. 23, where he resided till his death, 
 which occurred in the fall of 1873, of consumption, after an illness of several years ; he was but a child 
 when his father, Garrett Meenk, came to America. He married Cynthia Loomans, daughter of John Wm. 
 Loomans, who came to America from Holland in 1844, and to Alto in 1847, where he is still living. Mr. 
 Meenk left ten children — Garrett (lives in Waupun), William, Jane (now Mrs. Garret Gyshers, of Alto), 
 Mina, Delia, Hattie, Anna, Caroline, Hannah and Albert : all living on the homestead, except Garrett and 
 Jane. Mrs. Meenk was married the second time, Feb. 10, 1880, to Derk J. Nigel, of Minnesota. The 
 homestead eonsists of ei^htv acres of land on Sec. 23, with good buildings ; P. 0. Waupun. 
 
 <i}ERHARDES'<]}EOR4i;E NEEVEL, farmer. Sec. 22 (formerly painter) ; P. O. Wau- 
 pun; born Sept. 16, 1827, in (ielderland, Holland; came to America in 1853, and settled in the city of 
 Waupun, where he followed painting till 1875, then went on his farm in Alto, and has followed farming 
 since. Was married, Dec. 26,1859, to Alida Elizabeth Deunk, who was born in his native place in 1838, 
 
ALTO TOWNSHIP. 1061 
 
 and died July 29, 1874, leaving five children — John George, Edward, Mina Johanna, Gerret Christian 
 (dead) and Frank Albert. Was married the second time Dec. 31, 1874, to Magdalena Anna De Mersse- 
 man, who was born July 2, 1840, in Zealand, Holland; she came with her parents to Wisconsin in 1848. 
 They have had three children — Janneke Elizabeth, Theodoras Isaac and Isaac Gerhardes ; lost one child 
 of the first wife — Gerret Christian, aged 1 year and 4 months. Own.s 160 acres of land. 
 
 J. RENSINK, farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Brandon ; was born in the Provinoe of Gelderland, Hol- 
 land, on the 3d of January, 1833 ; at the age of 13, he, with his parents, came to America; they settled 
 on the present homestead in Alto, in the spring of 1846 ; the aged parents still live with their son, and 
 half the land is still in their name, but he is the only heir ; together, they have a farm of 320 acres, two- 
 thirds of which is tillable. He was married to Miss Julia Shalenski on the 2Sth of December, 1878. Both 
 his parents and himself and wife are members of the Dutch Reformed Church. He has raised grain 
 mainly, but intends to keep sheep ; he has good farm improvements. He has always been a Republican, 
 but takes little interest in politics. J. W. Rensink is the father's name. All are moral, law-abiding citizens. 
 
 KOELOF SL.EYSTER, farmer and painter. Sec. 15; P. 0. Waupun ; was born Dec. 25, 
 1815, in Zutpheu, Holland ; his father was a painter and grainer, and Roelof learned the trade and worked 
 with his father till 1S46, wheu he came to America and settled on the present homestead. He was mar- 
 ried in Milwaukee, June 26, 1847, to Miss Johanna H. Liesveld, who was born April 6, 1822, in Arn- 
 heim, Holland ; since that date, they have lived on the home farm, the carrying-on of which he has super- 
 intended and also worked at painting a portion of the time ; he has been twenty-one years Clerk of his 
 school district, fourteen years Supervisor, and, in 1870, was a member of the General Assembly from the 
 First District of Fond du Lac Co. They have had ten children, one of whom died in infancy, and nine 
 are now living — -Mary E., J. William, Johanna H., Liesveld A., Roelof H., Coba R.. Henry J., Eva M. 
 and Benjamin U.; four children are still at home in the spring of 1880. He has 140 acres of land; 
 raises grain and good grade live stock. His son, Henry, is raising blooded poultry. Mr. Sleyster was 
 one of the first settlers of Alto ; he has never been in a law-suit, either as plaintiff or defendant. He is 
 a stalwart Republican, and so, also, is each sou who has become of age. He gives due honor to his 
 Worthy wife for her counsels and co-nperation in earning life'^s successes. 
 
 WIIiLIAM H. SMITHERS, farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Waupun; was born April 14, 1822, 
 in Yorkshire, England; came with his parents to America in 1837, and r-ettled in St. Lawrence Co., N. 
 Y., where he remained eight years. He was married in September, 1844, to Miss Lois A. Knight, of 
 York State. They came to Wisconsin in the spring of 1845, and remained one year in Bristol, Kenosha 
 Co.; then, in the summer of 1846, they settled in the township of Alto ; bought his present farm in 1848; 
 he has 222 acres of land, all tillable, except about fifty acres of marsh ; he sells no grain, but raises 
 live stock — sheep, hogs, horses and cattle; has a large, well-planned barn, with basement, and good farm 
 conveniences ; has a comfortable and hospitable home. They have had nine children — one daughter, 
 Anna K., died in 1870 ; the living are Sarah E., Edna M., Ella M., Maggie D., Carrie Z., Willie F.J^Seba 
 U. and Lois A.; four daughters are married. He has been many years Clerk of Elections, eleven years 
 Town Clerk, two years Assessor, two years Treasurer and one year Side Supervisor ; he is a member of a 
 temperance society and the Grange ; he passed through the privations and varied experiences of pioneer 
 life. He and several other old settlers related this story of the abundance of fish, especially " bullheads," 
 in the Rock River below Waupun ; When ice covered the river, people chopped airholes at some desirable 
 point in the river, to which the fish would come in vast quantities, and from which they could be dipped 
 up by the bushel. Several pioneers state a wagon-body full (twenty-five or thirty bushels) could be had 
 for 25 cents — about 1 cent a bushel ; fifty wagon loads per day have been dipped out ; tens of thousands 
 of bushels taken during the winter. Other kinds of fish at some seasons were nearly as abundant. They 
 were obtained mainly to feed hogs. Many of the fish died of suffocation because of the immense masses and 
 the want of aerated water. Wild fowls and deer were plenty. Mr. Smithers was one of the first to move 
 out on the prairie away from the "openings;" his first house was built without nails, boards or glass — 
 simply poles covered with hay, making a comfortable summer residence ; cooking, of course, was done 
 "outside." Mr. Smithers has been a member of the Methodist Church for twenty years. He is a thrifty 
 farmer, a capable man and a good citizen. 
 
 HEjVRY STRAKS, merchant and teacher. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Waupun ; born Feb. 13, 1853, in 
 Alto; son of John Straks, who came to Wisconsin in 1846 from Holland, and settled in Alto in 1848, 
 where he now resides. Henry lived with his father till he was 24 years of age, except when at school ; is 
 a graduate of the State Normal School at Oshkosh, and has followed teaching about four years. Was 
 married, April 1, 1877, to Priscilla Neevel, who was born March 4, 1855, also in Alto; daughter of J. 
 H. Neevel, a native of Holland, who came from Pittsburgh, Penn., to the town of Alto in 1848, where he 
 
1062 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 still resides. Mr. Straks has a general store on the corners at the north line of Sec. 23 and employs a 
 clerk to attend to that part of his business, while he is engaged in teaching in District No. 1, half a mile 
 south of his store and dwelling. Has two children — John Hubert, born Aug. 22, 1878, and Nellie, Dec. 13, 
 1879. He is a Republican, and is now a Justice of the Peace; both members of the Dutch Reformed 
 Church of America. 
 
 JOHN STRAKS, farmer. Sec. 23; P. 0. Waupun; born May 11, 1826, in Province of 
 (lelderland, Holland ; son of H. D. Slraks ; mother's maiden name Catharine VVeenink ; came to America 
 in 184(3, arriving in New York July (! ; came direct to Wisconsin, and lived in Waterville, Jefferson Co., 
 till February, 1848; then came to Alto, and settled on Sec. 26 ; lived there till 1865, and then sold out 
 and removed to his present location on Sec. 23 ; has 125 acres of land valued at about $40 per acre. Was 
 married, June 2, 1851, to Johanna Van Wechel, who was born April 6, 1830, also in Gelderland, Hol- 
 land ; daughter of Derk Van Wechel, and step-daughter of John Kloosterboer ; has six children Ifving — 
 Henry, Derk Van Wechel, John, Catharine. Wilhelmina and Johanna — the last four living with their 
 parents; have lost five children — -Henry, died in infancy; Catharine, at the age of 5 months and 10 
 days; Frederick, 5 months; Anna, in infancy, and Frank, Feb. 26, 1878, in his 16th year; he was of 
 kind, obliging disposition, learned music readily, and was a natural artist, leaving a number of sketches 
 showing considerable ability in that direction. Mr. and Mrs. Straks are both members of the Reformed 
 Church, and he has been an Elder in the church since 1865. Republican. Had seventy-five guests at 
 their silver wedding, which occurred June 2, 1876. 
 
 BEENERD TER BE|5ST, retired farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Waupun; born in Gelderland, 
 Holland, June 6, 1806; came to America in 1856, and settled on a farm in Alto; lives with 
 his son, Derk, on the farm which he bought in 1859. He was married, Dec. 9, 1829, to Miss Kath- 
 rina Louisa Bosch ; they have had seven children ; one died in Holland, and one died in the United States 
 Army ; the living are Evert, Henry, Derk, Alida and Diena. He is a Republican ; both himself and his 
 venerable wife are members of the Reformed Chui-ch of Alto, and are in good health and a happy old 
 age. 
 
 DERK A. a. TERBEEST, farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Waupun; he was born in Gelderland, 
 Holland, on the 8th of June, 1841 ; his parents came to America in 1847, and settled in Alto, where the 
 entire family have since lived. He was married, March 13, 1879, to Miss Grada Johanna Heusinkfeld. 
 He has lived on their present farm since 1859, but did not buy it till 1878 ; he has 80 acres, fully 45 of 
 which are under good cultivation ; he raises all kinds of grain and live stock. He is a Republican ; him- 
 .self and wife are members of the First Reformed Church of Alto. 
 
 JACOB WELUIOUSE, merchant and farmer, Brandon ; he was born in Gelderland, Hol- 
 land, Dec. 31, 1833; came to America with his parents in 1847, and settled in Alto; has lived in that 
 township ever since ; resides on Sec. 1 ; he lived at home until the .spring after he was of age. He was married. 
 May 12, 1855 to Miss Johanna B. Terhurst, of Milwaukee. He has been a farmer from boyhood ; he has 
 bought and sold several farms, and now owns three farms ; the one he lives on is located about one and a 
 half miles south of Brandon ; he has 300 acres of land, more than nine-tenths of which is under cultiva- 
 tion ; he carries on all the land himself, raises both live stock and grain. He has five children, all living, 
 named John, Henry, Eliza, Gerrit and Jacob, Jr. He has been five years Clerk of the School Board, and 
 Township Treasurer twice ; he is a liberal Democrat, but takes no active part in politics ; himself and wife 
 are members of the Congregational Church of Alto. During the present year he has bought a stock of 
 goods in Brandon, and now has a full stock of all kinds of goods kept in a general village store ; he has a 
 liberal patronage, both from his countrymen and Americans. 
 
 GRIFFITH R. WILL.IAMS, farmer, Sec. 4; P. O. Brandon; was born Dec. 25, 1833, 
 in Caermarthenshire, South Wales ; he landed in Milwaukee Sept. 9, 1850 ; his parents settled in Wau- 
 shara Co., in February, 1851, whore they continued to reside until their death in 1878 ; subject of this 
 sketch- worked by the month four years as a farm laborer in Wisconsin, his parents belonging to that 
 class so largely represented in new countries, " poor, but respectable and industrious." He was married. 
 May 14, 1854, to Miss Susan O'Connor, of Jefferson Co., N. Y.; in fall of same year they removed 
 to her native county, where he bought land, and carried on farming eleven years ; on the 13th of 
 April, 1866, became to Alto, and settled on the farm which he now owns ; they have had three children, 
 one of whom died in infancy in 1866; the two sons are Edgar R., who was married Feb. 25, 1880, and 
 Winfield S. ; has 120 acres, nearly all of which is tillable ; is a membm- of Brandon Grange, No. 52 ; i.s 
 a Republican ; is a moral, law-abiding citizen. 
 
 HARRY C- WILLIAMS, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Waupun ; he was born June 19, 1809, 
 in Lewis Co.. N. Y. ; his grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier, and his fiithcr was in the war of 1812; 
 
Al/ro TOWNSHIP. 1063 
 
 his early life was spent on his father's farm; he worked several years in clearing up a farm in the wooded 
 section of York State. He was married, May 1, 18;j8, to Miss llcbeoca Wilcox, with whom ho has 
 happily journeyed nearly to the fiftieth mile-post ; after marriage, he continued farming in the same county 
 till 1847, when he came to Kenusha, Wis., then Southport ; his parents and relatives, to the number of 
 twenty-two, came about the same time, some by water, others by land, but all met at Kenosha. The sub- 
 ject of this sketch, and his parents, located on Spring Prairie, Walworth Co., where the parents died in 
 1865. Mr. Williams remained on Spring Prairie four years. In 1851, he settled in Alto, on some land 
 which he had previously " entered," and which is a part of his "present farm of 520 acres, three-fiflhs of 
 which is tillable, the remainder is marsh, which is sometimes as valuable as the uplands. He raises cattle 
 — has, at present time, one hundred head of graded Durhams ; keeps about fifty cows. For the last nine 
 years he has also had a cheese factory, which uses the milk from lOt) cows, and which is superintended by 
 his wife ; they have commodious barns ; within their fine residence are found evidences of refinemont and 
 wealth; they have two daughters — Sarah E. and Mary R. ; the eldest is married to G. W. Adams, a 
 prominent business man of Chicago; Mary 11. is an amateur artist of ability and culture; some of her 
 paintings are worthy of a professional. He has been Chairman and also Side Supervisor ; he was never a 
 member of any secret society.- He is a Republican, and himself and wife are Congregationalists. He 
 has passed through the "hard times of pioneer life; he remembers that, in 1853, he drew wheat to 
 Markesan, and was unable to dispose of it, except for cotton bags, which he did, giving a bushel of good 
 wheat for each bag. Xow, blest with competency and friends, they are cheerfully passing on to ripened 
 age. 
 
 URIAH WOOD, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Brandon; was born Dec. 25, 1830, in Schoharie Co., 
 N. Y. ; his parents removed to Wyoming Co., N. Y., 1832, where he resided until 1844, when they came 
 to Wisconsin, and settled in Kenosha Co., but remained only one year ; in the fall of 1845, they located 
 on the farm which they now own in Alto. When migrating to the West, young Uriah, then 12 years 
 of age, drove one of the teams from New York to Wisconsin. The next year, after becoming of age, 
 he went across the Plains and .spent two years io California. Was married, on the 17th of June, 
 1855, to Miss L. Agnes Mares, formerly of Canada. In December of that year, they settled upon their 
 present farm, which is finely improved ; they have spacious barns, excellent farm conveniences and a fine 
 residence ; the farm consists of 230 acres, mostly of choice prairie land, and 200 are under good cultiva- 
 tion. This laud is conceded to be unsurpassed for beauty and fertility, and the owner is known for his 
 energy, thrift and thorough farming ; raises both grain and live stock ; is somewhat of a specialist in 
 sheep-raising ; thirty-three of his fine flock of merinos are registered in the Vermont Merino Sheep- 
 Breeder's Association. Has seven children — 'Henry C, Charlotte M., E. Addie, Agnes A., Dora C., 
 Uriah D. and Maud M. He has always declined official honors, but, notwithstanding his protest, he was 
 sent to the General Assembly in 1878, from the First District of Fond du Lac Co. ; is a member of 
 Brandon Lodge of A., F. & A. M. Himself and wife affiliate with the Methodist Church, and so also do 
 the parents of both ; he is a Republican. His fellow-citizens pronounce him a successful farmer and a 
 capable man. 
 
 TOO LATE FOR INSERTION IN PROPER PLACE. 
 
 Oakfield Fire Insurance Company. — This insurance company is for the towns of Oakfield, 
 Lamartine and Byron, in Fond du Lac County, and Le Roy, in Dodge County. It was organ- 
 ized in August, 1873, with H. Barnes, President, and H. D. Hitt, Secretary and Treasurer, 
 who have ever since held the same offices. In 1880, the company had 533 policies in force, 
 covering $948,332 of property. The losses have been: 1873, "$150 ; 1874, $07 ; 1875, 
 $1,870; 187G, $7.50; 1877, $757.32 ; 1878, $3,314 ; 1879, $1,815.71 ; total, $7,981.-51. 
 The Directors are: for Oakfield, H. D. Hitt, F. R. Shepard; Lamartine, D. R. Williams, W. 
 S. Warner; Byron, D. D. Jones, Delos Allen; Le Roy, H. Barnes, E. G. Stoddard. 
 
PASSENGERS BOUND FOR 
 
 CALIFORNIA, COLORADO, NEBRASKA, 
 
 Should, if tliey would consult their interest, buy their tickets via the 
 
 Chicago & North -Western Railway 
 
 This is the JLiE-^lDIiTO- Tl.^XX^-^^^ .£^ir of the 
 
 WJ5JST JlNI) J^OMTITJVJiJST. 
 
 This important system of Railway Lioea is oik- of the Largfst Corporations in the World, owning and oiu-rjiting, 
 
 under one management, 
 
 2,30o isj:i le:s o k ro^d. 
 
 Its Lines run from Chicago in so many directions that it is necessary to designate its Lines by certain specific names, whicli will give a cor- 
 rect idea to tile passenger of the part of country each Line traverses. These Lines, numbering nine, are as follows; 
 
 Chicago, Council Bluffs & California Line. 
 Chicago, Sioixx City & Yankton Line. 
 Chicago, Clinton, Dubuque & La Crosse Line. 
 Chicago, Freeport & Dubuque Line. 
 
 Chicago, Green Bay & Marquette Line. 
 
 Chicago, La Crosse & Winona Line. 
 Chicago, Minnesota & Dakota Line. 
 Chicago, St, Paul & Minneapolis Line. 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & Lake Superior Line 
 
 These Lines enable the "CHICAGO 4 NORTH-WESTEKN" to reach all principal points m the WEST, NORTHWEST, and, through its 
 connections, the FAR WEST. 
 
 It oflfers every facility for Quick, Safe and Comfortable Transit to the traveler who selects this as his route. 
 
 It standssecond to no road in the West, and oflers inducements and advantages that are not and cannot be offered by any of its competitors. 
 
 Its management ad^ipts every improvement known to the modern Railway System, and is determined that the CHICAGO & KORTH- 
 WESTERN RAILWAY shall remain the LEADING Railway of the GREAT WEST. 
 
 Passengers should ask for and he certain their Tickets have a Conpjn which re.ads, over the 
 
 "CHICAGO & NORTH-V/ESTERN RY." 
 
 All Ticket Agents will be glad to sell them via this Line. 
 
 REMEMBER !— PULLMAN HOTEL CARS ^'^l^WiZ^Jl^SL'^^rT^^^l^'Slr^^il^l^^ 
 
 X- NORTH-WESTERN JtAlLWAY. «5- BEAR IS MIND, no other road runs Pullman Hotel Cars, or any form of Hotel Cars, 
 TH HOUGH between Chicago and the Missouri River. This is the only Line that has THROUGH EATING CARS of any sort. 
 
 NO TRANSFER at ST. PAUL Tia tbfi CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RY. 
 
 Passengers procuring tickets to iiointa beyond ST. PAUL should use GREAT CAKE to see that they read over the 
 
 Oliicag-o & IVortlx- Western R.ail"^vay, 
 
 — OR TUF — 
 
 Oliicag-o, St. I*a.xil & 3Xiiiiieapolis ]L<iiie. 
 
 And not over a route having a SIMILAR NAME, as this is 
 
 ^THE ONLY ROUTE YOU CAN TAKE TO AVOID A CHANGE OF DEPOT AT ST. PAUL.-©fl 
 
 rEW YORK OFFICE— No. 415 Broadway. 
 
 Bd.STON OFFICE— No. fi State Street. 
 
 MILWAUKEE CITY TICKET OFFICE— 102 Wisconsin Street. 
 
 ST. PAUL TICKET OFFICE— Cor. Third audJackson Streets. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS TICKET OFFICES— 13 Nicollet House, and St. 
 
 Paul & Pacific Depot. 
 CHICAGO TICKET OFFICES— (12 Clark Street, under Sherman 
 
 House; 75 Canal Street; Kinx'.o Street Depot, corner West Kin zie 
 
 and Canal Streets ; Wells Street Depot, corner Wells and Kin- 
 
 zie Streets, 
 
 COUNCIL BLUFFS TICKET OFFICES— Corner Broadway and 
 Pearl Street, Union Pacific Depot; and Chicago & North- 
 western Railway Depot. 
 
 OMAHA TICKET OFFICES— Union Pacific Depot, and 1324 Far- 
 nam Street, corner 14th. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE— 2 New Montgomery Street. 
 
 LONDON, ENGLAND, OFFICES— 449 Strand, and 3 Adelai.le 
 Street. 
 
 DEC 6-1949 
 
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