E3 Sl^S^s WARMAN'S PHYSICAL TRAINING OR THE CARE OF THE BODY. E. B. W ARK AN, A. M ., CHICAGO, ILL, AUTHOR OF PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION IN WOR- CESTER'S DICTIONARY. PRACTICAL ORTHOEPY AND CRITIQUE. PRINCIPLES OF READING, RECIT- ING AND IMPERSONATING. Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged. ' f IUN 6 18 /(ay J ^SHiNGTO^- "Obedience is better tha?i sacrifice." CHICAGO AND NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 1889. Copyright 1885, by E. B. Warman. Copyright 1889, by E. B. Warman. PUBLISHERS' NOTICE. Prof. Warman nas been eminently successful in all parts of the country in teaching his most valuable of all systems of Physical Training for the symmetri- cal development of the body. This manual is the result of years of experience in the school-room and upon the rostrum; hence we take pleasure in introducing it to the public as the most practical work of the kind extant. It is especially adapted to the needs of schools, colleges, etc. Respectfully, A. G. Spalding & Bros. AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION. REVISED AND ENLARGED. Not long since, upon the literary sea, we launched a little barque. It was so small that, among the myriad of others, we knew not if notice would be taken of it, but sent it forth to meet its fate. We did not predict for it a voyage upon an unruffled sea; hence we built it of seasoned timber gathered from our ripened experience. We fashioned it " Staunch and strong, a goodly vessel That will laugh at all disaster, And with wave and whirlwind wrestle." True, the little craft was not wholly original, for others had been built; but the design and the arrange- ment of the apartments were the result of our own handiwork, growing out of the knowledge of the great need of PRACTICAL PHYSICAL TRAINING IN THE SCHOOLS | AND COLLEGES. ' We have met the demand, and from the various ports — Colleges, Seminaries, Schools, Homes, etc., the little barque has returned, having had a most successful voyage. We are now importuned to rebuild and enlarge our former structure. We have complied with the request, having greatly improved every department; and we vouchsafe health and happiness to all who embark with us, and follow our directions. PUBLISHER S PREFACE. Apartment No. i contains many timely sugges- tions as to THE CARE OF THE BODY. By living in accordance therewith not only will many years be added to one's life, but life will be added to one's years. Apartment No. 2 has been arranged with a view to school-room conveniences, and zVzconveniences. We furnish therein our system of exercises without apparatus. These, with few exceptions, can be taken in very small space — even for classes. Apartment No. 3 has also been arranged with a special view to class exercise in limited quarters. These can be given by children in school, while standing by the desk. In this apartment will be found our thorough, complete and practical SYSTEM OF DUMB-BELL EXERCISES. These have been especially prepared for the strengthening and developing of the entire body. Apartment No. 4 presents, in the most concise manner, as the result of years of labor in this field of physical training, our SYSTEM OF INDIAN-CLUB SWINGING. Believing, as we do, in thoroughness, we have prescribed a system for the mastery of one club, ere the attempt is made to control two. Without further ceremony, we launch the new barque with its rich cargo, trusting it will fully serve its mission. Bon voyage. E. B. WARMAN. Chicago, III., April 29th, 1889. INDEX TO CONTENTS. PAGE The Care of the Body 1 1 Physical Training for Schools, etc , 15 Whiskey 17 Tobacco Chewing and Smoking 18 To Secure Longevity 31 Degeneracy of Man 36 General Rules of Health 39 Fresh Air , 42 Correct Breathing 43 Bathing 45 Catarrh 46 The Throat 47 The Care of the Feet 48 The Color of the Clothing 50 Magnetism , , . 52 Sleeping at Will 55 Belt and Corset. 60 Symmetrical Development 64 Exercises without Apparatus 67 The Lungs » 68 The Chest 69 The Shoulders 70 The Fingers 71 The Wrists 72 The Elbows 76 The Shoulders „ 78 The Neck , 80 The Waist 84 The Hips , 87 The Knee 89 The Ankle 91 INDEX TO CONTENTS. PAGE Exercises without Apparatus — Continued. The Calf and Thigh „ . . 93 The Thighs 94 The Fore-arm , 95 The Chest 96 Physiological Charts 98 Key to Figures of Muscular System 100 Dumb-Bell Exercises — i\)2 Indian-Club Swinging (one club) 121 Inward, Right 124 Outward, Right 125 Outward, Left. 126 Inward, Left 127 Poise and Drop, Left 128 Poise and Drop, Right 129 Outward Right — Outward Left 130 Large Wheel — Right to Left ..... .... 131 Large Wheel — Left to Right 132 Small Wheel— Right to Left 133 Small Wheel — Left to Right ...... 134 Poise, Drop and Inward, Right 135 Poise, Drop and Inward, Left 136 Drop and Inward, Right and Left 137 Small Side-Circles, Right 138 Large Side-Circles, Right 139 Large Side-Circles, Right (Reverse) 140 Small, Large, Diagonal, Large, Right 141 Small Side-Circles, Left 142 Large Side-Circles, Left 143 Large Side-Circles, Left (Reverse) 144 Small, Large, Diagonal, Large, Left 145 Chin-Knocker, Right 146 Chin-Knocker, Left 147 Lever, Right , 148 Lever, Left 149 Inward and Forward, Left 150 Inward and Forward, Right 151 INDEX TO CONTENTS. PAGE Indian-Club System (one club), Condensed for Calling 152 Indian-Club Swinging (two clubs) 155 Point, Left and Right 156 Small Left and Large Right 157 Small Right and Large Left 158 Alternate 159 Backward Drop 160 Forward Drop 161 Outward Left and Backward Drop Right 162 Alternating Outward „ 163 Alternating Inward 164 Double Small Circles 165 Left, Right, Both.. 166 The Windmill 167 Forward and Inward, Left Side 168 Forward and Inward, Right Side 169 Alternating 170 Right, Left, Right, Left, Front, Front 171 Small Side-Circles , 172 Double Inward 173 Double Sweeps 1 74 Sides, Inward, Sweeps 175 Small Sides, Left and Right 176 Small Sides, Alternate Right 177 Small Sides, Reverse, Right 178 Out, In, Out, Under, Toss, Left 179 Right Horizontal 180 Left Horizontal - 181 Check 182 Shoulder Brace 183 Full Arm, Reverse 184 Windmill and Alternate. . . .. 185 The Finish 186 Taking the Clubs Artistically 187 Indian-Club Swings (two clubs), Condensed for Calling 188 "If any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy, for the temple of God is holy, -which temple ye are" PHYSICAL TRAINING; OR, THE CARE 8F THE B0DY. BY E. B. WARMAN, A.M. CHICAGO, ILL. " Holier than any temple of wood or stone, consecrated to divine right and divine purposes, is the human body." We are aware that in a measure all that is good has been said before; all that is noble has been thought before; but is there less need of re-saying the good, or re-thinking the noble ? We are also aware that vol- umes have been written on the subject of physical training, yet we fail to see a proportionate amount of benefit resulting therefrom. We naturally ask our- selves, Why is this ? Trusting that we may not seem presumptuous, we shall undertake to solve this problem. It arises from one of two causes; either that the various modes of («) 12 PHYSICAL TRAINING. exercises have not been placed before the public in a way to make them practical as well as pleasurable, or that such modes as have been given have been abused by unwisely using them, thereby causing the public to become prejudiced against anything that pertains to manly sports. There is not an art, science or religion extant that cannot be abused; should we then condemn them all, or should we not, rather, as representatives of such a calling, do all in our power to exalt the true ideal, and thus establish our forces against the enemy of that which is high and grand and ennobling? We wish to define our position at the very outset by answering the question — to what end should phys- ical training be taught ? Health should be the pri- mary object. You have it ? Then exercise to keep it. The end or aim of training in physical exercise should not be with a view to muscular development only. The secondary object of physical training should be symmetrical development and graceful carriage of the body. No teacher should lay claim to proficiency, and no book to completeness that disregards this theory. We find, even among gymnasts, a great deal of abnormal development. Did you ever ask a man to show his muscle ? You did ? What muscle ? You did not specify any par- ticular one, yet you asked him in the singular, indi- cating thereby that he has but one. Nine hundred and ninety-nine men out of every thousand will at once put up the arm and show you the biceps. Is it a PHYSICAL TRAINING. 13 criterion of strength ? Not by any means, not even of the arm for all purposes. It is often an indication of weakness somewhere else, especially if over-developed. It is a test of strength in pulling or lifting. Such a development will not materially aid one in striking a powerful blow, for the triceps (which is used in strik- ing or pushing) may have been neglected. To satisfy yourself concerning the development of these muscles, push against some solid substance with your right arm, the palm of the hand resting against the object ; then feel the upper portion of your arm, back and front, with the left hand, and you will readily perceive that the forepart of the upper arm (biceps) shows no special development, while the back part (triceps) is quite solid. Reverse the exercise by pulling a heavy object toward you, or raising a heavy weight from the floor by bending your arm at the elbow, and you will at once feel (by using the left hand), that the muscle of the fore part of the upper arm (biceps) immedi- ately rounds and fills out, while the back part (triceps) becomes nearly level. An expert rower should be an expert boxer, and thus equalize the development and consequent strength of his arm. What ! Is boxing manly ? Yes, when a,, man boxes. Anything that a man does is manly ; anything that a woman does is womanly. Next to God Himself there is nothing grander than a manly man and a womanly woman. There are many who regard boxing as brutal It is, when you make it so. So is rifle practice ; so is saber exercise ; so is anything that may be abused. Because you are an ex- 14 PHYSICAL TRAINING. pert with the gloves, there is no more danger of you entering the prize ring, or developing a disposition to pommel everybody, than being an expert with the rifle or saber will develop a desire to go around and shoot or slice up your neighbor. Apropos to this we state the familiar quotation: "It is glorious to possess a giant's strength, but it is cowardly to use it as a giant." Let the poor, hollow-chested, bad livered, dyspeptic grumbler against manly sports, come out of his little den, doff his coat and vest, breathe freely, purely and deeply of the fresh air that the Almighty has so freely and so plentifully given; then let him take up a pair of Indian-clubs, or hurl the ball, or pitch the quoit,' or poise the rifle, or use the dumb-bells, or tug at the oar, and he will go back to that self-same den and acknowledge to the world, through the silent but pow- erful medium of the pen, that he was wrong in attack- ing the thing itself when his blows should have been leveled at . its misapplication or abuse. We exclaim with Dr. Foss: "Let these things be done with the distinct recognition that we have a higher nature, and in such a manner and measure as to do no harm to what is best and noblest in this loftier realm." We have spoken of health of body and carriage of body as distinct aims of physical training; but we must not stop there, for it is threefold in its mission; it will give us what the old Latin poet prayed for — "A sound mind in a sound body." Many of our col- leges are supplied with a gymnasium, which too often proves a detriment, from the fact that so many of them are without a competent teacher, the lack of which PHYSICAL TRAINING. 15 compels the pupil to choose his own exercises, as well as the manner of taking them; consequently he will either overdo in the first few weeks and then cease al- together, or will resume only spasmodically, both of which are hurtful. Possibly he may continue daily, but in the absence of an instructor he will take only such exercies as are the most pleasurable to him, thereby developing one set of muscles at the expense of others. All these things need special care. Any exercise, to produce lasting and beneficial results, should be regular, but never violent. Many persons act upon the supposition that physical exercise must be fatiguing or exhausting, in order to be strengthening ; such exercises are instead, debilitating. PHYSICAL TRAINING FOR SCHOOLS, ETC. We would prescribe a course of physical training that should be obligatory as a part of the curriculum of every school, college and seminary. The teacher, be it he or she — it is no longer a question of sex but of gumption — should be genius enough to enthuse the pupils so that the exercise will not be looked upon as irksome, but as a pleasure. But it may be argued that the majority of colleges do not have, nor can they afford, a first-class gymnasium. No first-class college can well afford to be without one, or at least some good form of every-day gymnastic exercise. It is also considered that the exercise is not becoming to a lady. It is, if she provides herself with a becoming costume. The demands of the physical are in every way l6 PHYSICAL TRAINING. equal to the demands of the mental. Exercise of any kind to be beneficial, should be general. If too much attention is given to the physical development and the mental is neglected, the brain will become corre- spondingly weak in its functions. The same rule ap- plies to excessive mental development, drawing the much needed blood of the body to supply the brain. Brain work is much more exhaustive than hand work. Dr. W. W. Hall very aptly puts it thus: "The farmer can work from morning until night from one week's end to the other, and thrive upon it; the brain worker cannot profitably spend more than six hours out of the twenty-four. The most successful and voluminous literary men of our time, who maintain their vigor to a good age, do not spend more than four or five hours at their desk, having : found that that was the limit of their endurance and pleasurable labor." The body, also, needs the utmost care, as it is the sacred temple for the indwelling of the soul. Do our young men and young ladies so regard it when, as it is termed, they are "getting an education" ? An edu- cation of what ? Simply of the mind, while the body is so neglected that processes are going on which are sapping the very life from the foundation of that mind. How many weak, debilitated, half-alive men and women are knocking at the doors of our halls of learning and asking admittance. It were just as rea- sonable to adorn a tumble-down shanty with a man- sard roof, as a physical wreck with an accomplished education. Stand before any institution of learning and watch PHYSICAL TRAINING. I 7 the young men as they emerge from the building and pass down the street. You will find scores of them with whom the head seems running away with the body, not because the head is so large, but because the body is so small. If you want a fair representa- tive of the average student who neglects physical cul- ture, just put a large round doughnut on a hairpin. WHISKEY. Do the young men of our day realize the value of the human system when they put that thief in their mouth which steals away their brains ? It attacks the very citadel, and when the brain is stupefied, what can they expect of the body ? How well Shakespeare understood this when he put these words in the mouth of Lady Macbeth : " His two chamberlains will I with wine and wassail so conyince, That memory, the warder of the brain, shall be a fume, And the receipt of reason, a limbeck only ! " Yet, in the face of our attack on whiskey, we have no hesitancy in saying : " Whiskey is the best thing in the world for a man — when he is dead! It will preserve him. But it is the worst thing in the world for pre- serving a man when he is living." So says Dr. Guthrie. If you want to keep a dead man, put him in whiskey ; if you want to kill a man, put whiskey in him. It was undoubtedly, a good thing for preserving the dead admiral when they put him in a rum-puncheon, but it was a bad thing for the sailors when they tapped the 2 X5 PHYSICAL TRAINING. cask and drank the liquor, until they left the admiral, as he had never left the ship, — high and dry. While we are speaking of those things which ruin our beautiful temples, we would like to say a word that would plead like "angels, trumpet-tongued, against the deep damnation " of the most pernicious and filthy habit of TOBACCO CHEWING AND SMOKING. The liquor question has been so ably handled by competent writers, and the tobacco question so little discussed, comparatively, that we prefer to devote more time and space to the latter. The results of liquor are so generally understood, and its evils so widely known, and its horrible consequences shunned by all lovers of peace and harmony; while the slaves of tobacco, with their pernicious habits, find their way in nearly every family of our land. Too little is actually known of the terrible results arising from this evil; though ignorance is no excuse for the violation of a law. The filthy spittoon — cuspidore is too refined — should take its place by the side of the whiskey jug, i. e., it should have no home in a refined or Christian family. We like to say all the good we can of everything ; so we can truthfully say there is nothing better than tobacco — for removing insects from plants. Just take that pound which was bought to put in the mouth and put it in three pints of boiling water, and by pouring it on the plants it will destroy the insects instead of killing the man ; or, if the habitual tobacco user does PHYSICAL TRAINING. 19 not want to waste the tobacco, let him take a good hot water bath, and the water will be sufficiently perme- ated with the tobacco poison from his system to do its deadly work on the insects. What effect has tobacco upon this system of ours, which we should study to preserve in all its beauty and strength? Allow us to mention but a few (?) of the evils: Headache over the eyes; nervous head- ache, with sickness of the stomach; deafness; partial blindness; running of the eyes; cancer of the lips; con- sumption, preceded for years by a cough; asthma; dys- pepsia; palpitation of the heart; paralysis of the upper part of the body ; neuralgia, especially of the face, head and neck; swelling of the gums and rotting of the teeth; enfeeblement of the lymphatics; enlarge- ment of the glands of the face and neck, making the chewer thick about the cheeks and lips; lethargy; morbid appetite for spirituous liquors; morbid appetite for highly flavored food; indistinct taste; indistinct smell; imperfect sense of touch; obtuseness of the moral sense; uncleanness of person; stentorian or snoring sleep; a sense of dullness and of great debility when first waking from sleep until one has had a chew or smoke; confirmed and incurable disease, and pre- mature death. We wish to call your attention to some quotations from a discourse delivered at Island Park assembly July 23, 1885, by the Rev. George L. Curtis, M. D., D. D. of Seymour, Indiana : " The chemical elements of tobacco are decidedly poisonous to the human system, for which there are 20 PHYSICAL TRAINinG. no known antidotes. The first element is a volatile oil or fat, obtained by distilling the smoke of tobacco. It has the odor of tobacco, and when inhaled pro- duces the same sensations as smoke. When applied to the nose its pungency causes vomiting, taken inter- nally it produces giddiness, nausea, and a staggering walk ; it is poison. " The second element is a volatile alkali, called nicotine ; it is a deadly poison, next in rank to prussic acid. One drop is sufficient to kill a dog, if placed on his tongue. One drop, evaporated in a room holding two hundred people, is so penetrating that it will drive .them out in a few moments. " The third element is an empyreumatic oil, obtained also by heat. A drop of this poison placed on the tongue of a cat will cause horrible agony, convulsions and death, in from two to four minutes. " These three chemical substances are all developed in burning tobacco, either in smoking a cigar or pipe. In the residuum of a pipe long used they exist in a dark-brown or tanny mass of offensive matter. " If you take a mouthful of tobacco smoke, and expel it through a clean white handkerchief, you will see when it passes the fabric that it makes a black spot. Examine this black matter under a microscope of five hundred diameters, and you will see the crystals of nicotine, the oil globules and the acid. These enter the mouth with the smoke, and some of it is absorbed directly, and other portions of it after a time, and so they enter the circulating system. " The manner in which tobacco is used is not in PHYSICAL TRAINING. 2t harmony with any of the laws of our being, or our health. Chewing, and then expectorating, is contrary to the use designed in the making' of our tongue, teeth, lips and palate. It was never intended that we should chew substances and expectorate them. Deglu- tition was designed to follow chewing, but to swallow tobacco is dangerous. Man is the only spitting ani- mal known except the cat, and it does not spit until it is mad. Smoking, develops the chemical principles of tobacco, all of which are rank poisons and extremely dangerous. In smoking, the heat passes down too rapidly and causes changes which cannot be met by any anti-poisons. It turns the mouth, out of which ought to come blessings, into a chemical shop, where vile things are compounded. " The physiological effects of tobacco are destruc- tive of health and life. In chewing tobacco, the sali- vary glands are stimulated to undue activity. In health, these glands secrete an average of three pounds every twenty-four hours ; when one is chewing tobacco he secretes from eleven to thirteen pounds every twenty-four hours. You can calculate how long it would take a man to spit himself away." A man who expectorates that filthy tobacco juice must not expect to rate among the cultured and refined. * " In chewing tobacco the glands become enlarged; the microscope shows the substance congested, hardened and thickened, and the orifices hardened and enlarged by such constant stimulation. " Give an expert microscopist a section of the 22 PHYSICAL TRAINING parotid gland, and he will tell you whether that person was a tobacco chewer or not. Chewing, brings some of the poisons into the system by the absorbing ves- sels of the mouth and throat. These injuriously affect both the circulating and nervous system. "A cigar, wet, and laid on the stomach of a child, will produce sickness, for the skin absorbs the poison of the tobacco. In smoking, the three poisons alluded to are developed. In an old pipe, used three months, the residue in the bowl is a compound of all these active poisons. " In Ohio, a little girl fell against the stove and burned her lip. The burn did not heal so rapidly as her grandmother thought desirable, so the grand- mother, — a great smoker — called the little granddaugh- ter to her, and, running her finger around in the bowl of the pipe, took the black tobacco juice and rubbed on the little girl's sore lip. In a few minutes the child was in violent convulsions, and in twelve hours died. The old pipe killed her. " Tobacco- also affects the heart. It causes par- alysis and intermittence of pulse beats. A doctor in New Hampshire was consulted by the mother of a girl four years old, who was affected with a severe eruption on the face. The mother was anxious, from having heard stories of its effiicacy in other cases, to make an application of tobacco. The physician, however, advised the contrary and left, to visit a sick neighbor. While prescribing for the latter, he was called back in haste to the child, whom he found senseless and motionless on the floor. The mother PHYSICAL TRAINING. 23 informed him that, being still persuaded that tobacco would be beneficial, she had, after he retired, taken some from the bowl of a pipe and rubbed it on the child's face. The child set out to walk across the room immediately after the application, but had not gone half way before she fell in the condition in which he found her. The physician worked an hour, resort- ing to various means for resuscitating the child, the pulse occasionally reviving and then dying away again, until finally animation was restored. For years afterward the child was subject to alarming nervous symptoms, and is now puny and feeble. Her consti- tution previous to the experiment was good, but the shock upon the nervous system was so severe that she never recovered, and probably never will. "Now a word as to the effect of tobacco on the brain worker. Men cannot be as good students who use tobacco as those who abstain. In the Medical College of Indiana for 1883 and 1884, the students who wholly abstained from tobacco stood, in final ex- amination, at 87.33, while those who smoked, or chewed and smoked, stood at 80.14. Dr. Dio Lewis made the statement that ' not a man addicted to the use of tobacco has taken the honors in Harvard College for the past fifty years, though five out of every six stu- dents use the weed.' " Many years ago, the Council of Berne, in Switzer- land, recognized the principle that ' tobacco is a deadly foe to mind development,' and they at once issued an edict prohibiting the use of tobacco to youths under fifteen years of age. 24 PHYSICAL TRAINING. " The French Minister of Public Instruction, after classifying the pupils into smokers and non-smokers, finding the latter to be the better students, contem- plated the prohibition of the use of tobacco in all the colleges of France." We anticipate the question in reference to the harm- less (?) cigarette. If you have any pride at all in regard to the body; if you wish to retain the home of the soul as a fit dwelling place thereof; if you have any ambition, any of you young men, to become ath- letes, listen to the words of Mr. J. M. Lafiin, a New York athlete, when interviewed, by a New York Sun reporter, touching the subject. He replied: "There is no engine of destruction known to humanity to-day doing more damage than the popular cigarette." We have no doubt that there may be those who claim to have used tobacco, in some form or other, many years, and have not experienced any serious results. We know of a man who lived to be over one hundred years old, and had used it all his life, and that to excess. He lived, but he transmitted the poison to his entire family of children, all of whom died at an early age. We might say, "Poor man! we pity your weakness/' but we extend our sympathy in another direction and say, "Poor wife! we admire your strength." It is wonderful how much this system of ours will endure before it yields to the inevitable. Let no young man take the example, just given, as a criterion. It should be reason enough for abandoning the use of tobacco that it produces such a foul breath and PHYSICAL TRAINING. 25 such filthy habits. Can we find nothing in the Script- ures concerning it? Yes, and he who uses the weed, especially to excess, may take consolation therefrom: " Let him that is filthy be filthy still." ■ The odor of the tobacco user's breath is abomi- nable. Charles Lamb, in writing his " Farewell to Tobacco," gives us the following: " Stinking'st of the stinking kind, Filth of th' mouth and fog of th' mind ; Africa that boasts her foyson Breeds no such prodigious poison." An expert will tell by the breath the character of the materials passed down the throat or in the mouth. There is an alcohol breath, a beer breath, a wine breath, an opium breath, an onion and garlic breath, and a tobacco breath. But the breath of onions and garlic is the ambrosia of the night-blooming cereus, or the balm of a thousand flowers, or the spicy odors of Ceylon's isle, when compared with the tobacco user's breath. There was an old colored woman with whom some one expostulated concerning her offensive breath, say- ing: " Mammy, your breath will disgust and frighten away the angels." She happened to have the best of it, however, for she quickly parried the blow by the reply: "Bless you, honey, I specs to leave dis bref behind when I goes to de angels." Of all the men who need reforming, we would espe- cially recommend for worthy consideration and for the prayers of a Christian people, our ministers, our 26 PHYSICAL TRAINING. D.D.s, and our lecturers on temperance, who, in the least degree, are addicted to the use of tobacco. No man who is a moderate smoker has the right to preach against moderate drinking. Any man, whatsoever his station in life, who uses tobacco, forfeits his right and weakens his power to raise his voice against tobacco's companion. Alcohol and tobacco are twin demons. Temperance men, you cannot cure a drunkard while he is a slave to his pipe. Leading physicians claim that one artificial appetite generates another. True, every smoker and chewer of the filthy weed is not a drinker of intoxicants, but instances are very rare where the drunkard is not a slave to tobacco. As Horace Greeley once remarked: " Show me a drunk- ard who does not use tobacco, and I will show you a white blackbird." But little good can a minister do in preaching a gospel of purity and self-denial while he indulges in the use of the filth. In a certain theo- logical seminary in Chicago, among the instructors, there are four out of seven, all D.D.s, who use tobacco. These are the men who are teaching our young men, by precept and example, to go forth and proclaim the sweet, pure truths of^the gospel. Selah! ! We know of a young man who applied to this sem- inary for admission, but, on learning the fact just stated, he was so shocked that he left at once and took the course at another seminary in the same city; thus being obliged to change his denominational prefer- ence. For our part, we would not knowingly listen to an expounder of the teachings of Christ when those teachings came through such a dirty channel. We PHYSICAL TRAINING. 27 would prefer to worship under our own vine and fig- tree. You will observe that we adopt the motto we would have all men adopt; viz., Feel not the public pulse to see if it beats in unison with yours. God despises a coward. As you would strike straight from the shoulder, physically, so you should strike straight morally. After lecturing on this subject in a certain church in Jowa, the pastor stepped forward, when the follow- ing colloquy took place: " Mr. Warman, I am pleased to have you express yourself so freely and so forcibly on the care of the body, but /would not dare to do it." " Have we not spoken the truth ? " "Ay, every word is true as gospel." " Then, my brother, is it not logical to conclude that you dare not speak the truth ?" " Ah, but my bread and butter would be at stake." " Then, for God's sake, and for humanity's sake, take the bread and let the butter go. We would rather live on a dry crust and carry about with us the sweet consciousness of being true to our convictions than to live in clover, and have bread, butter and honey." It is not our desire to interfere with any one's lib- erty, only to draw a line on that liberty. His lordship may, at his own home, fill the house from cellar to garret with fumes of the weed, and no one object, unless it be his wife, and we would ask her if she remembers when, in years agone, she said, " No, sir, smoking Is not objectionable;" but we cannot under- 28 PHYSICAL TRAINING. stand how men can be so selfish, and lack so much of the chivalric spirit for the fair sex that they will put ladies to any amount of discomfort, and thus satisfy their own selfish desires, by insisting upon the liberty to smoke in public places. We rejoiced to read upon a street car in Cincinnati the following order: " Smok- ing is prohibited upon any part of any car of the Cin- cinnati street-car lines." If you will not count the cost as regards health and morals, then give a moment's consideration to the sub- ject financially, and see what an expensive luxury it is. Three 5 -cent cigars daily for five years, with 6 per cent, compound interest semi-annually, amounts to $3i3-95- Three 5 -cent cigars daily for fifty years, with 6 per cent, compound interest, semi-annually, amounts to $16,236.37. When a man, at the age of seventy, has saved the snug little sum of $16,000, and it is his mis- fortune to lose it by fire, how he mourns; but what of the thousands of men around us who, from twenty to seventy, have deliberately sat down and enjoyed seeing the smoke of their $16,000. True, it was only a nickel or a dime at a time. These are facts — " stubborn facts," and figures never lie — except in election returns. The burning of the filthy weed is but a small item when compared with the destruction of mind, body and morals. In your school-rooms, in your churches, in your offices, in your shops, in your public halls, in your hotels, in your theological seminaries, ay, in- your pastor's study,- we would have you hang up, in PHYSICAL TRAINING. 29 the most conspicuous place and made in the most attractive manner, the motto found in first Corinthians, third chapter and seventeenth verse. Here is missionary work for the good sisters. They need not go to foreign lands; in many cases they need not go from the shelter of their own homes. We fear you will begin to think you are listening to a dissertation on tobacco, instead of physical training, but, considering the care of the body, we attack it because it is such a powerful enemy. Then let us entreat you, as you value your soul, your body, your influence and the world's happiness, abandon the habit if formed, and if not, avoid it; live and die with a clean mouth, a sweet breath, a steady nerve, and a clear conscience. We trust we have mentioned sufficient results arising from the use of this poisonous weed to set young men and young women to thinking. Young women? Yes, young women. We can point you to scores of cases where young men have been encouraged in smok- ing because young ladies have said that it looked manly. We cannot imagine how a young lady of culture and refinement, or of any delicacy whatsoever, can press her pure lips to those of an habitual tobacco chewer. She may possibly summon up courage enough to do it before marriage, as she may have an object in view — hopes to reform him; but after mar- riage we are inclined to think she will offer her cheek instead of her lips, and in some cases it would take a pretty strong cheek to do that. 'Twere better to 30 PHYSICAL TRAINING. intorm him before marriage than to try to reiorm him after marriage. The effect of tobacco upon the voice is also very injurious. It destroys the higher and purer tones. Our tenor singers are fast disappearing in consequence thereof. One word more and we will leave the subject, strong as it is. There is scarcely anything from which we may not realize some good; so with tobacco. If any one is preparing to go as a missionary among the Can- nibals, let him console himself, if he is an habitue of tobacco, that he will be perfectly safe with them, for they will not eat a man whose system is saturated with the vile stuff. They show good taste.' And yet, we are brought to a halt, for this pernicious habit may not save one, after all, for they probably do their carving before they eat, and this would be too late to do one any good. We have met men, however, who, we think, would be perfectly safe, unless the Cannibal were exceedingly lively, for the acute olfactory of the latter would give him warning as to the kind of animal he was approaching. We suppose that a first-class Cannibal, coming from one of the first-class families, would prefer to smoke his own meat. Let us impress upon you, whatever may be the sin you are committing against your body, this thought: Do not do that which you know to be hurtful, thinking that you may escape the penalty. Nature is unrelenting, and there is no vicarious atonement for sins against, her. Nature sets her mark of disapproval on all who dis- obey her. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 31 We would establish one law — whether of the body or of the mind, whether it is in the form of pleasure or of physical exercise; /. e., it should be encouraged or discouraged according as its effects are beneficial or otherwise to the health and to the morals. TO SECURE LONGEVITY. Alternate mental effort with some pleasant physical pastime. There is no one in any occupation who can- not find an opportunity, between the hours of rising and retiring, for at least a few moments exercise. When the brain is overtaxed, do something to draw the blood to other portions of the body. There is nothing gained by too steady mental application, for the mind needs rest, and nature demands it; and un- less one yields to the demand, he will lose time in trying to collect and concentrate his thoughts. A change in the line of thought is also essential, for end- less monotony will wear the fiber of any mind. The human body is like an engine; it will suffer a great amount of wear and tear with but little care, but with proper care the body may be so strengthened and the mind so disciplined, that we may live to the time allotted to man, "threescore and ten, and if by rea- son of strength they be fourscore years," etc., thereby admitting they may be fourscore, if, by reason of strength. Such we believe to be the purpose of the All-wise concerning every healthful child. How im- portant, then, that parents and teachers see to the proper physical training of the children, that they may all reach to that good old age. Many a man 32 PHYSICAL TRAINING. lives out his days before he has time to fulfill the promise of his youth. According to the rules of the late Professor Faraday, the natural age of man should be one hundred years. The duration of life, both in man and animal, he believed to be measured by his time of growth, its natural termination being at five times that age, or five removes from that point. Man, being twenty years in growing, lives five times twenty, or one hundred years. He also divides life into two equal halves, growth and decline; and these two into infancy, youth, virility and age; infancy extending to the twentieth year; youth, to the fiftieth, because it is the period the tissues become firm; virility, from fifty to seventy-five, during which the organism remains complete, and at seventy-five old age commences. Another eminent scientist, Dr. Farr, also says that the natural lifetime of a man is a century, which is the length of time the body will live under the nost favor- able conditions. Dr. Farr has divided life as follows: boyhood, ten to fifteen years; youth, fifteen to twenty- five years; manhood, twenty-five to fifty-five; maturity, fifty-five to seventy-five ; ripeness, seventy-five to eighty-five; and old age, eighty-five and upward. There seems to be considerable doubt, however, as to whether the age of one hundred is at all near the limit to which people may and frequently do live. On this point Prof. J. R. Buchanan writes as follows, in the Journal of Man: " The attainable limits of human longevity are gen- erally underrated by the medical profession, and by public opinion. Instead of the Scriptural limit of PHYSICAL TRAINING. 33 threescore and ten, I would estimate twice that amount, or one hundred and forty years, as the ideal age of healthy longevity, when mankind shall have been bred and trained with the same wise knowledge that has been expended on horses and cattle. "The estimate of one hundred and forty years as a practical longevity for the nobler generation is sus- tained by the number of that age (fourteen if I recol- lect rightly) found in Italy by a census under one of the later Roman emperors; but, for the race now on the globe, a more applicable estimate is that of the European scientist, that the normal longevity of an animal is five times its period of growth. Man's growth, however, is not limited to twenty ; and if we extend the period of maturity to twenty-eight, the same rule would give one hundred and forty as an age for the best specimens of humanity, and as this has been done in some cases, its general possibility, in improved conditions, is thus demonstrated." Prof. Buchanan then gives a number of instances of persons now living who have nearly attained the age of one hundred and forty. Even if we do live to be one hundred and forty, we can consider that we have been cut off in the flower of our youth when compared with Methuselah and some others of his day. Many of the pupils and friends of the writer will recall what he has so often said to them concerning his belief as to his own future; i. e., that he fully ex- pects to live to be one hundred years old, and further- more, he does not intend to be in any one's way. Such, friends, is our earnest belief; for we think if 3 34 PHYSICAL TRAINING. by reason of strength it may be fourscore years, then Iff 102 PHYSICAL TRAINING. WARMAN'S DUMB-BELL EXERCISES. Should these exercises be given without dumb-bells, keep the hands closed. Characterize each movement by a strong, vigorous action. ' The expense of the dumb-bells, however, is so trifling, the space they ocCupy of so little moment, the results derived therefrom so beneficial, that the author recommends their use. There is nothing to be gained by heavy dumb-bell work. Yet the exercises here given should not be classed under light calisthenics. While the dumb-bell that is used should be light , the force whereby it is used should be heavy. Knowing that wooden dumb-bells — even those of the same weight — have not always the same sized handle, and that the majority of the handles are too small for the average sized hand, we have arranged, in consequence of this difficulty, with Messrs. Spald- ing & Bros., of Chicago and New York, to make for us what is known as WARMAN'S DUMB-BELL SUBSTITUTE. These substitutes have given perfect satisfaction; are more durable than the wooden dumb-bell; are highly polished, with an ebony finish; will not mar by striking them together; will serve alike for the smallest or the largest hand; will occupy but very little space; can be carried in the pocket; and last, PHYSICAL TRAINING. I03 but not the least to be considered, they are less expen- sive than the wooden dumb-bells. GENERAL DIRECTIONS. Music. — Portions of army selections, such as "Tramp, tramp, tramp" and "Marching through Georgia" are especially adaptable for class work. Grasp the dumb-bells firmly, and cause every move- ment to be one of vigorous action. The number of moves in each exercise should cor- respond with the impulses of the music — the number of impulses being optional with the teacher. We would suggest as a criterion, that, in taking the first exercise to the tune of "Tramp, tramp, tramp," etc., the change to the second exercise should occur directly after the seventh upward impulse. In taking the second exercise, the change occurs directly after the seventh impulse to the right. 104 PHYSICAL TRAINING. EXERCISE 1. Extend the arms to the side, as shown in the illus- tration. Do this when position is called or the signal given by the music. The hands should rise and fall with each musical impulse. Bring the hands down and in under as far as possible, and then up as far as possible. Do not move the arms except at the wrist joint. Fig. i. Position. Down— Up — Down — Up. change. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 105 EXERCISE 2. At the conclusion of the seventh upward impulse of Exercise 1, keep the arms extended, but turn or twist the arm to the right, then to the left. This movement will affect the whole arm and the shoulder. Do not lower the arm, but keep it extended during the exer- cise. Do not loosen the grasp on the bells. Fig. 2. Turn. Right— Left— Right— Left. change. io6 PHYSICAL TRAINING. EXERCISE 3. Bring the arms forward on a direct line, as shown in the illustration. Strike the bells together, and return them on the same line, carrying them just a little back of position. Do not lower the arms nor bend the body in the foolish endeavor to try to strike the back of the hands behind you. If the hands are kept on a direct line with the shoulder, and the body kept erect, not one person in ten thousand can strike the back of the hands together. When the bells pass back, do not bend the body, but allow it to sway. Fig. 3. Front — Back- Front — Back. change at will. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 107 EXERCISE 4. Make the change from the front position of the last exercise, bringing the hands back to the side, as shown in the illustration. Place the bells vertically against the ribs, but do not bend the wrist. Thrust the arms forward and back. Bring the hands back to the ribs each time — with unbent wrist. C ~\ Fig. 4. Back — Front — Back — Front. Change at will. io8 PHYSICAL TRAINING. EXERCISE 5. When the hands are drawn back the last time in the preceding exercise, thrust them down with force; then bring them up under the arms to the armpits. Bend the wrists as much as possible, when the hands touch the armpits, but bring the arm up perfectly straight, as shown in the illustration. In throwing the arms down with force, remove the weight of the body from the heel. By so doing the jarring of the body will be avoided, as well as the jar- ring of the room, and possibly the jarring of some one's nerves. Do not bend the body, but incline it forward. Fig. 5- Down — Up — Down — Up. Change at will. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 109 EXERCISE 6. On the last upward move, thrust the arms out at the side, with the hands on a line with the shoulders. Thrust out and back with force, taking care not to lower the elbows, and not to bend the wrists. See illustration. The bell should not strike the shoulder. •--% V3b. ao.1 -C' / ^ J 1' ">> Fig. 6. Out— Back— Out— Back. Change at will. no PHYSICAL TRAINING. EXERCISE 7. Thrust the hands up, as shown in the illustration. The bells may be allowed to click, if thought desir- able. In bringing the bells down, touch the shoulders with them without lowering the arm. Make an effort to extend the arms as far as possible above the head. Fig. 7. Up— Down — Up — Down. Change at will. PHYSICAL TRAINING. EXERCISE 8. Place the left hand at the side — the arm akimbo, the hand resting against the ribs. Extend the right arm forward, as shown in the illustration. Sweep the hand toward the floor, making a complete and perfect circle at the right side. We would suggest the making of about three full circles forward, and three full circles reversed. Then bring the right hand to the side — the arm akimbo — and extend the left arm forward for three full sweeps forward and toward the floor, and the three reverse movements. Fig Right. Forward and sweep. 1-2-3. Reverse '" " 1-2-3. Left. Forward " 1-2-3. Reverse ' 1-2-3. PHYSICAL TRAINING. EXERCISE 9. Return the left hand to the side; both arms will then be akimbo. Change the music to very slow march time. The arms will now rest while the waist muscles are being exercised. Bend the body slowly forward and as far down "as possible, then up and as far back and down as possi- ble, bending the knees on the backward movement. Do not allow any jerkiness in this and the next two exercises, but instead, a feeling akin to the stretching of the body — especially of the muscles of the back and abdomen. Fig. 9. Forward — Up — Backward — Up. Change at will. PHYSICAL TRAINING. "3 EXERCISE 10. Bend the body to the right as far as possible, then up and to the left as far as possible, without raising either foot from the floor. Keep the bells at the side — arms akimbo. There should be strong tension of the muscles on either side. Make the movements very slowly. Fig. io. Right— Up— Left— Up. >« (i i< << Change at will. ii4 PHYSICAL TRAINING. EXERCISE 11. • Twist or turn the body as far as possible to the right, then to the left. Do not move the feet, or bend the body forward or backward, or from side to side Make the movements very slowly. Fig, ii. Right— Left— Right— Left. Change at will. PHYSICAL TRAINING. "5 EXERCISE 12. Drop the hands down so that the arms are pendant at the side. Turn the palms outward, with the back of the hands touching the limbs. Extend the arms out- ward and up, as shown in the illustration. Keep the arms as straight as possible, touching the bells together as far above the head as possible, without moving the feet. Bring the bells back to the side of the body with the arms still extended. Each time that the bells are brought down, touch the limbs with the back of the hands. / \ S Fig. 12. Turn. Up — Down — Up — Down. Change at will. u6 PHYSICAL TRAINING. EXERCISE 13. Bring the hands to the side with the bells vertical, as shown in the illustration. Keep the left hand in position during the movement of the right, and vice versa. Step well forward, as shown in the illustration. . Bend the right knee, and place the right hand to the floor by the side of the right foot. Turn the left foot on the side and keep the limb unbent. Spring back to position. Take the same exercise with the left limb, placing the left hand on the floor by the side of the left foot. 1 ■ . «. r v.*. -2 i • h 1 i 1 i 1 • , i r r& i Fig. 13. Right. Forward — Up — Forward — Up. Left. Change at will. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 117 EXERCISE 14. Place the hands upon the side, as shown in the illustration. Stand erect. Rise slowly on the toes, raising the heels as far as possible from the floor. Poise a few seconds, then allow the heels to touch the floor, but do not sink heavily upon them, nor allow the body to sway backward and forward. Fig. 14. Up — Down — Up — Down. From 10 to 50 times. n8 PHYSICAL TRAINING. EXERCISE 15. Place the right hand to the left chest, as shown in the illustration. Step quite a distance to the right, on a straight line with the left foot. Do not take up the left foot from the floor, but turn it on the side, with the limb unbent. Swing the right hand down and up till the bell hangs over the right shoulder. Pass back to position, sweeping the bell back to the chest. The same exercise should be taken to the left side. Fig. 15. Right — Place — Sweep — Position. Left— Place PHYSICAL TRAINING. II 9 EXERCISE 16. Place the hands on the chest. Thrust them straight up, then back to the chest, then to the floor, as shown in the illustration. Touch the bells to the floor by the side of the feet. Keep the body erect from the waist up. Pass up to position, bringing the bells again to the chest. Chest— Up— Chest- Floor. Change at will. PHYSICAL TRAINING. EXERCISE 17. Place the arms as shown in the illustration. Make a sweep to the floor, placing the bells by the side of the feet, and leaving them there, while sweeping the hands far enough back to complete a three-fourths circle from first position. Straighten the limbs, but not the body, when sweeping the hands back. On the return movement bend the limbs, take the bells from the floor, and sweep them up and back of the head to position. •ci—:. Fig. 17. Position. Sweep — Floor — Halt. Return — Take— Up. Conclude the exercises by placing the hands to the chest, and filing right or left, and marching. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 121 WARMAN'S INDIAN -CLUB SYSTEM. ONE CLUB. i GENERAL DIRECTIONS. Grasp the club firmly, but easily; the little finger resting against the knob. As these exercises are intended for physical development, and not for the purpose of displaying "fancy" or "snake movements" — very good in their way and for the purpose designed — it is advisable and necessary that the knob of the club should never slip to the thumb and forefinger; neither should the thumb extend up the handle of the cktb. Place the idle arm at the side, with the back of the fingers resting gracefully against the side of the body. Do not allow the club to wabble. When a movement is made requiring the arm to be extended, hold the club firmly, yet as gracefully as if it were a part of that extension. Imagine that you are stand- ing between perfect circles at right angles with each other — large and small on either side; large in front and small behind. The clubs should follow these lines perfectly in all the small circles and sweeps. Be satisfied to practice with one club till all the single moves have been mastered; the double moves will then be more readily attained, as they are combi- nations of the single. Practice each move separately, as shown in the illustration of the same. Learn the name of each 122 PHYSICAL TRAINING. move, and it will be helpful, inasmuch as it is sug- gestive. Do not be ambitious to handle heavy clubs. Judi- cious practice regularly taken with a pair of light clubs, will prove more beneficial than spasmodic or overwork with heavy clubs. Stand firmly, but not rigidly. Place the feet in as graceful and comfortable a position as the nature of the movement will allow. Do not quite touch the heels, nor place them too far apart, when facing an audience. SIZE OF CLUBS. We have observed that, as a general thing, a lady of average strength will use a two-pound club with ease; a gentleman, a four-pound club. These are sufficiently heavy for beginners, especially when taking our entire system of exercises without rest, giving each move- ment three times. ERRATA. INDIAN-CLUB SYSTEM. ONE CLUB. Figures 15 to 22 inclusive should face to the left — as directed in the instructions accompanying the illustrations. PHYSIGAL TRAINING. 123 WARMAN'S INDIAN-CLUB SYSTEM. ONE CLUB. 124 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Place the club in the hands, as shown in position. Toss the club a little higher than the head, placing the left hand against the side of the body, the back of the fingers touching the body. Pass the right hand back of the head at the right side, and allow the club to drop and form a complete small circle back of the head, which we will designate as the small inward. Follow this movement with a full sweep of the arm in front toward the left side, bringing it up on the right to make two small inwards, etc., thus forming Fig. i. INWARD — RIGHT. 1 Small circle inward— Sweep in front. 2 " " " " " 3 " " " " " PHYSICAL TRAINING. 125 Change — by halting the club, just as it sweeps up the right side, a little higher than the shoulder — and reverse the movement. Fig. 2, OUTWARD — RIGHT. 1 Sniall circle outward — Sweep in front. 2 " " " " " " 3 " " " " " " 126 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — by passing the club to the left hand just as it sweeps up toward the left side the third time. When a little higher than the shoulder, let it fall to a small outward circle. XI \ \ Fig. 3. OUTWARD— LEFT. 1 Small circle outward — Sweep in front. 2 i< ;^Mr,=^- : - : .^--., / A'i < / Y i / 1 vi \ Fig. 14. ALTERNATING DROP AND INWARD. Drop — Sweep — Inward — Over. Drop —Sweep — Inward — Over. Turn the body to the left. i 3 8 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — by turning the body to the left just as the club is completing the last small inward circle. Keep the arm bent, and make a wrist circle at the side. Keep a firm hold on the club, not allowing the knob to slip to the thumb and fore finger. V» /" Fig. 15. SMALL SIDE. Small side-circle. 1-2-3. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 139 Change — by extending the arm upward and for- ward, making a large circle at the side without bend- ing the arm. ' 7*\ m * Fig. 16 LARGE SIDR. Large side-circles. 1-2-3. 140 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — by checking the club just as it passes the fget on the third downward stroke, and reversing the movement. Do not allow the club to wabble when checking it, nor the arm to bend in making the circle. Fig. 17. REVERSE. Large side— Reverse. I — 2 — 3. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 141 Change — as the club comes up in front on the third circle. When it is high enough, drop it to a small side, followed by a large side; then, as it is ready to descend as if to make a second large side, bring it diagonally to the left side with a full sweep; then back to the starting point of a large side, and make another large side-circle. Fig. 18. SIDE AND DIAGONAL. I Small — Large — Diagonal — Large. and over. 142 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — at the close of the third small circle, by making a small inward and passing the club to the left hand, making the change back of the head. Make a small outward with the left, and when the club be- comes vertical, drop it back to a small inward with the same hand, and when the club again becomes vertical, change the movement to a small side-circle. Fig. 19. SMALL SIDE. Small side-circle. 1-2-3. PHYSICAL TRAINING. H3 Change — by extending the arm upward and for- ward, making a large circle at the side, without bend- ing the arm. '>x -' / x\ „**>' Fig. 20. LARGE SIDE. Large side- circle. 1-2-3. 144 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — by checking the club just as it passes the feet on the third downward stroke, and reversing the movement. Do not allow the club to wabble when checking it, nor the arm to bend, when making the circle. REVERSE. Large side — Reverse. 1-2-3. PHYSICAL TRAINING. '45 Change— as the club comes up in front on the third circle. When it is high enough, drop it to a small side, followed by a large side; then, as it is ready to descend as if to make a second large side, bring it diag- onally to the right side with a full sweep; then back to the starting point of a large side, and make another large side-circle. V Fig. 22. side and diagonal. I Small -Large — Diagonal - Large. 10 and face front. 146 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change— by extending the arm at the completion of the third small circle, as if to make a large side circle; then, just as the club is ready to sweep down, turn the body quickly back to the front position. Sweep the club in front, make a small outward with the left hand, and sweep it to the right. Place the right hand as shown in the illustration, and make small circles outside and inside the arm, keeping the arm extended as much as possible, and keep the club as near the arm as possible. Keep the little finger next to the knob. Fig. 23. chin-knocker. Outside of arm— Inside of arm. Sweep to the left hand. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 147 Change — by sweeping the club to the left hand and making a small outward with the left. Place the hand, as shown in the illustration, and make small circles outside and inside the arm, keeping the arm extended as much as possible; also keep the club moving as near the arm as possible. Do not let the knob of the club slip to the thumb and forefinger. Fig. 24. chin-knocker. Outside of arm — Inside of arm. " " " Sweep to the right hand. 148 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — by carrying the club to the right side by the right hand, until the hand is straight with the shoulder, as seen in the illustration. Grasp the club firmly, and hold it in an upright position. Without raising, lotvering or bending the arm the slightest, lay the club on the arm, then raise it and extend it till it is perfectly straight. Throughout this entire exercise the arm should not move, nor bend at the elbow. Fig. 25. the lever. Upright — On the arm — Straight out. and toss to outward. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 149 Change — by tossing the club to a small outward, and sweep it to the left hand; stop the hand as soon as it is even with the shoulder, and place the club in an upright position. Lay the club on the arm without bending the arm at the elbow. Raise the club with- out moving the arm, and extend it until it is perfectly straight, as shown in the illustration. ft Fig. 26. THE LEVER. Upright — On the arm — Straight out. and toss to outward. i5° PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — by tossing the club to a small outward. Do not make a sweep, but just as the club completes the small circle, reverse it to a small inward. Then, just as the club is upright, make a small side-circle, and. when the club is again upright, make a small inward; thus alternating small inwards and small sides. INWARD AND SIDE. Small inward — Small side. and over to the right. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 151 Change — by passing the club back of the head to the right hand. Make a small outward with the right hand, then reverse it to a small inward, and, as it comes to an upright position, change it to a small side circle, then back to a small inward; thus alternating small sides and small inwards / ,' ♦ Fig. 28. inward and side. Small inward — Small side. and toss over the head, letting it drop gently in the left hand, as shown in Fig. 1 — position. This will give a graceful FINISH. 152 PHYSICAL TRAINING. WARMAN'S INDIAN-CLUB SYSTEM. CONDENSED FOR CALLING. — ONE CLUB. Pre-supposing that the pupil has become familiar with all the movements; i. e., with the necessary details in the learning of each, we present herewith our sys- tem of exercises in a condensed form, as a reminder to the individual, or as an aid to the teacher in calling the movements to a class The order of exercises, arid the number of move- ments of each, are the same as we use for our classes in their public exhibitions. On the rostrum, at the close of our lecture on •".Physical Training, or The Care of the Body," we aim not only to entertain, but to exemplify the prin- ciples set forth in our lecture, by giving, in appro- priate costume, our entire system of Indian-Club ex- ercises — our clubs weighing eight pounds each. As a rule, we do not advocate the use of heavy clubs; but these to us do not seem heavy, having had them in use — privately and publicly — for twenty-one years. Our plan of work is on the principle of the Health Lift;/. V - * \ N - Fig. 10. SMALL CIRCLES — BACK. One small circle — Sweep. Two " circles " Three " " Change. i66 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — by making an extra small circle with the left hand while the right sweeps in front. The right hand passes back to a small inward, while the left hand sweeps in front. By the time the small inward is finished with the right hand, the left will be in place for a small outward. The clubs now join, and make another double circle back of the head. LEFT — RIGHT — EOTH. Small left— Sweep. Small right — Sweep. Small— Both. " " " 2 " " u « ., „ „ „ 3 „ PHYSICAL TRAINING. 167 Change — by pushing the left club up and out from the shoulder, while hastening the right in front, and making a full sweep, till — without halting either club — the right club is exactly opposite the left, just as the right passes the feet — both arms extended. The clubs should now follow each other, but neither catch the other. The right hand makes an inward and sweep, while the left is following with a sweep and outward. Fig. 12. THE WINDMILL. Inward right — Outward left — Sweep — Sweep. omit sweep. i68 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — by slowing up on the left till the right now catches it. Sweep both clubs in front and back of the head (Fig. 10). Continue the small inward circles with the right hand, but shift the position of the left a trifle forward, making small side-circles. Both clubs should fall and rise at the same time, each crossing the track of the other. Swing them so that the circles are at right angles. Fig. 13. SIDE AND INWARD — LEFT. Small side — Left. Small inward — -Right PHYSICAL TRAINING. 169 Change — by quickly shifting the clubs to the right side, making a small inward with the left, and a small side with the right. SIDE AND INWARD — RIGHT. Small side — Ria;ht. Small inward — Left. 170 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — by shifting the clubs back to the left side, and then back to the right, continuing the same move- ment, but alternating from side to side. Fig. 15. ALTERNATE. Side and inward — Left. Side and inward — Right. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 171 Change — by bringing the clubs to a perpendicular poise on either side of the head. Make a small in- ward with the right, then a small inward with the left; again with the right, and again with the left. Sweep the right in front of the face, then the left, and bring them up to repeat the small inwards with each. RIGHT- LEFT — RIGHT — LEFT— SWEEP — SWEEP. Inward right-Inward left-Inward right-Inward left-Sweep-sweep. " omit sweep. 172 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — by omitting the sweep the third time. At the conclusion of the small circles, bring the clubs again to a perpendicular poise on either side of the head, and make small side-circles; both clubs falling and rising simultaneously. Fig. 17. SMALL SIDES. Small side— Right. Small side — Left. Together. PHYSICAL TRAINING, 173 Change — by bringing the clubs again to a perpen- dicular poise on either side of the head. Make small inwards with each hand at the same time, the clubs crossing each other at the handles. SMALL INWARDS. Small inward — Right. Small inward — Left. Together. 174 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change— by sweeping both clubs in front of the face at the same time, crossing each other above and below in the circle. Keep the arms as fully extended as possible. V. Fig. 19. Sweep INWARD SWEEPS. inward— Right. Sweep inward— Left. Together. PHYSICAL TRAINING, 175 Change — by bringing the clubs again to a perpen- dicular poise on either side of the head, and then unite the last three moves in one; /. e., giving them in succession — one of each. -.SrSftRr ^?X SIDE — INWARD — SWEEP. Small sides — Small inwards — Sweeps. " change. 176 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change— by bringing the clubs again to -a perpen- dicular poise, and swing them to small circles toward the left (Fig. 10). Then turn the body quickly to the left— without moving the left foot. Make small side- circles once: Sweep the clubs together, bringing them up on the right side. Turn the body right— without moving the right foot, and make small side-circles once. Sweep the clubs back to the left side and repeat. Both clubs should fall together— only one club being visible to any one sitting directly opposite. *J Fig. 21. SMALL SIDE — LEFT AND RIGHT. 1 Small side— Left— Sweep. 1 Small side— Right— Sweep. 2 " " " " 2 " 2 " " i( " 3 " " omit sweep. PHYSICAL TRAINING, 177 Change— by halting the left club as it points up till the right club points down. Instead of the clubs fall- ing simultaneously, they now fall successively. Fig. 22, ALTERNATE. Small sides. Down— Right. Down— Left. 178 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — by halting the right club when it points up, till the left club also points up. Continue the small side-circle forward, with the left hand, but reverse the small side-circle with the right hand. Again both clubs fall simultaneously, though in oppo- site directions. Fig. 23. REVERSE. Small sides. Forward — Left. Reverse — Right << << n PHYSICAL TRAINING. 179 Change— by making small sides and sweeping to the left side. Turn the body to the left, without mov- ing the left foot. Make small sides as soon as the clubs come up on the left side; then make small circles again, but pass both clubs inside the arms- then again small sides outside; then thrust both clubs under the arms, as shown in the illustration. Then toss the clubs up for small sides again. <(.,. t /> & Fig. 24. double chin-knocker. Small circles— Outside— Inside—Outside— Under. Toss. sweep. i8o PHYSICAL TRAINING. CHANGE-by sweeping the clubs in front-now facing front. Check the right club when the arm and lub § are perfectly horizontal. _ ^ ^ b ££ of the head and make a small inward-left three times while holding the right hand and club perfectly ^ quiet. Sweep the left club in front, make a poise and drop, and, as it drops, sweep the right club down with it. A " * \ RIGHT HORIZONTAL. Horizontal-Right. Inward i-Left. " 3 " and sweep. Poise and drop-Left. Sweep both. PHYSICAL TRAINING. Change — toy sweeping the clubs up to the left side, holding the left arm horizontal, ard passing the right club back of the head. Make three small inward circles with the right hand, then sweep in front of the face, and make a poise and drop with the right hand. LEFT HORIZONTAL. Horizontal— Left. Inward i — Right. " 2 " " 3 " and sweep. Poise and drop — Right — Sweep both, lg2 PHYSICAL TRAINING. CHANGE-bv sweeping the clubs to a small circle back of the head (Fig. to). Turn the body squarely to the left-the weight on both feet. Make small sides simultaneously; then sweep them to the floor and pass them as far back as possible w.thout bendmg the arms or the body. Do not allow the clubs to wabble Check the clubs quickly and pass them at Ince up and back of the head, and check them Do Z allow them to swing loosely toward the back. Swing again to small sides. Fig. 27. CHECK. 1 Small S ide-Sweep-Check. Up-Check. 2 " ' " „ " " change. PHYSICAL TRAINING. I8 3 Change — by making an extra small side-circle with the left hand, while the right makes a large side-circle. Then make a small side-circle with the right hand, and a large side-circle with the left. Both clubs should fall with the same impulse — the one making a large circle, while the other makes a small. Fig. 28. 1 SHOULDER BRACE. Small left — Large right. Small right — Large left. a It (i change. PHYSICAL TRAINING. CHANGE-by checking the large side-circle, with the right hand, just as the club has passed a short dis- tance back of the feet. At the same time extend the left arm and club up and forward— pointing exactly opposite the right. Slip the right foot a little back of the left— the momentum of the club on, the downward sweep will aid you. With a quick but strong impulse sweep both clubs at once in opposite directions-the left arm makes a large circle forward, the right arm a large side-circle reversed. Keep the arms unbent and close to the body. Fig. 29. large reverse. Large side-Forward-Left. Large side-Backward-Right. PHYSICAL TRAINING. i«5L m Change— by halting the right club as it sweeps up in front on the third reverse. Let it fall to a small side Check the left club as it passes the feet the third time, and bring it up in front with a sweep. It will reach there in time to join the right club as it makes a second small side-circle. Join them (both making a small side), sweep them- to the front (turn- ing the body front), and pass them back of the head, making small circles back (Fig. 10). Pass directly to the windmill, and add small side alternates (Fig. 22) y :-^<, •-» / S"S" v^C 5 r ->>.7 1 1 .* * t . * S / ' ' Ml * • f t> \ ■'i 1 J 1 I / f ; * * ; ; » |t ■ 8> X SI V A As * A • \ \ \ \ I / * ' * \ / ' ' / 1 % I 1 \ \ V / j / ' / / f » % As* > ~ v ■'** t * "y / «•■ Ivf ^* % \ / s*~ ~~ T, ""■*! ^ Fig. 30. windmill — alternate. Inward right— Outward left— Small side right— Small side left- Sweep. Sweep. Inward right— Outward left— Small side right— Small side left- Sweep. Sweep. Inward right-Outward left-Small side right-Small side left- Sweep both. j86 physical training. the finish. Halt the right club when completing the third small alternate, till the left club comes up on the third small circle. Sweep both in front with one impulse, and pass them back over the head to a small circle (Fig. 10). Follow this with a small side-circle (Fig. 21). Pass the clubs gracefully under the arms (Fig. 24). Keep them there till you have made your bow and exit. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 187 WARMAN'S INDIAN-CLUB SYSTEM. TWO CLUBS. TO TAKE THEM ARTISTICALLY FROM THE FLOOR. Face front. Stand between the clubs. Fold the arms. With the first note of the music, unfoldythe arms, raise the hands above the head, and sweep them down to the side. Bend the body, take the clubs with sufficient impulse to sweep them a short distance back. Straighten the body, and this will give the clubs an impulse forward. Sweep them up high enough in front to make small side circles (Fig. 17), then small circles back of the head (Fig. 10), then, turning the body quickly to the left, make small side circles (Fig. 21), halting them in position of Fig. 1— two clubs. N - B. — In class exhibitions we would advise the pupils to leave the platform at the close of the one- club exercise, and when they return, carry the two clubs under the arms, as shown in Fig. 24. At a sig- nal from the music, toss the clubs in front to the same position as when sweeping them up from the floor. l88 PHYSICAL TRAINING. We herewith present our system of exercises: CONDENSED FOR CALLING — TWO CLUBS. No. i. Point Left. Right— Left. No. 2. Small left — Large right. 1-2-3. Sweep. No. 3. Small right — Large left. 1-2-3. Sweep. No. ' 4. Alternate. Left — Right. << <( " " sweep. No. 5. Backward drop. Right — Left. No. 6. Forward drop. Left — Right. (i <« « « No. 7. Outward left — Backward drop, right. <( u No. 8. Alternating outward. Left — Right. <« <« « a No. 9. Alternating inward. Right — Left. " sweep. No. 10. Small back-circles. 1 — Sweep. 2 3 change. No. 11. Left— Right— Both 1 a tt u 2 " " " 3 change. PHYSICAL TRAINING. 189 No. 12. Windmill. 1-2-3. No. 13. Side and inward — Left side. 1-2-3. No. 14. Side and inward — Right side. 1-2-3. No. 15. Alternate. Left — Right. No. 16. Right— Left— Right— Left — Sweep— Sweep. « u « « « u " Halt. No. 17. Small sides. 1-2-3. No. 18. Small inwards. 1-2-3. No. 19. Double sweep. 1-2-3. No. 20. Small side — Inward — Sweep. " Turn. No. 21. Small sides, left-one. Small sides, right-one. " " " two " « « two. " " three " « « three. No. 22. Alternate. Right — Left. No. 23. Reverse 1-2-3. Sweep to left side. No. 24. Out— In— Out— Under. Toss. " and sweep. No. 25. Right — Horizontal. Left — Inward. 1-2-3. Sweep. " Poise and drop. Take it along (the right). !C>0 PHYSICAL TRAINING. No. 26. Left — Horizontal. Right — Inward. 1-2-3. Sweep. " Poise and drop. Take it along (the left). Sweep— turn. No. 27. Small sides and check. Up. » " two " " " " three No. 28. Shoulder brace. Left— Right. << u " reverse. No. 29. Large reverse. 1-2-3. No. 30. Windmill and alternate. 1-2-3. Sweep the clubs under the arms, and make your exit. S^vtii i^(|SW j '55 yB,r c> BOXING GLOVES. We would call special attention to those interested in the manly art of self-defence, to our superior line of Boxing Gloves. We have arranged in our new factory a special room for manu- facturing these goods, and will make an extra quality of gloves, out of the very best material, and on the latest improved pat- terns. Manufacturing as we do, in very large quantities, we are enabled to offer our customers these superior gloves at compara- tively low prices, and can recommend them as superior to any other glove on the market. Each glove, from 40 up, will bear our trade-mark to insure its genuine- ness, and will be known as " Spalding's Trade-marked Boxing Gloves." _»■»_ . .«— Per Set o£ PRICE LIST. Four Gloves. Mo. AA. Boys' size, same as No. BB $1 50 No. BB. Men's Size Boxing Gloves, chamois back, tan palms; cheapest glove made 2 00 No. A. Boys' size; same as No. B 250 No. B. Men's size Boxing Gloves, chamois back with tan palm; new style; strong and durable 3 00 No. C. White Kid, tan palms; same style as No. D 400 No. D. AH White Kid, made after the new pattern 4 50 No. 20. Glove is made with chamois back, tan-palm ; strong and well made 4 00 No. 40. An all Buckskin Glove, made of fine quality buck; very soft, large, and nice for amateurs 5 00 No, 45. Same as No. 40, heel padded S So No. jo. A superior Glove, kid back, tan palm; the most durable and best glove made at the price S SO No. 55. A superior Glove, well made; kid back, buckskin palm.. o 00 No. 60. Fine White Kid, large size, fully stuffed; a soft, light glove for amateurs ; ventilated palm 6 5° No. 65. Same as No. 60; heel padded 700 No. 70. . Professional (or Chandler's) White Kid Glove; same style as used by Chandler, Sullivan, and other well known boxers; a perfect glove for expert boxers .... 75° No. 75. Four-ounce Professional Exhibition Fighting Glove, used by well known boxers for severe slugging 6 50 N0.75A. Two^ounce Hard Fighting Glove 650 No. 80. Graham's Patent Safety Glove; made of finest material, with Graham's patent safety tip 7 °° N0.S5. Same as No. 80; heel padded 750 £S!£i£2: A. 6. SPALDING & BROS., HEW ™ BK - X2Xr3DZ^.N* CXjTT33JS. CLUBS Made to Exact Size and Weight In introducing our new Trade-marked Indian Clubs, we would call special attention to the perfect shape, beautiful ebony finish, and correct weight of each club. We select the very choicest timber for these clubs, turn them by hand, and work each club down to the exact troy weight, and this care in making-, tog-ether with the beautiful ebony fin- ish, highly polished, and banded in gold, with nickel-plated heads, makes them the most beautiful and desirable Indian Clubs ever placed upon the market. We purpose keeping these clubs up to the very high- est grade, and to protect ourselves and customers against cheap imita- tions, our trade-mark will be stamped on each club, as represented in the above cut. The following very low prices will make these clubs very popular. Prices of Spalding's Trade-marked Indian Clubs. Weight. Per Pair. Weight. Per Pair. I lb $ i 25 6 lbs $3 00 2 lbs. » So 3 " 200 2 25 2 73 3 So 4 00 5 00 A. G. SPALDING & BROS., 241 Broadway, 108 Madison Street, NEW YORK. CHICAGO, *\l ^ ibhIhSX 0F CONGRESS 029 712 949 1