X0°^ ^-^'c/. A"^' ..^- ">, '> c « '^ '^ « -?> / ..:.- 1«-^ ■a ^ VJ ■ o\ " ^a 'a * -A c * » I C' 0^ ,^\- ^<^^. -^' \# ^^- ^ .X^ .V •^. v-N^ s'^- ■^. c*^'' ''^^•. ..^^^' "^^^^^V^-". .o- '6. '^^ .^ oo^ : f f -^^ sX^' A r^> /- ^-4^ N A-' ci-^ A\^^ "^A v-^^ .0^. ^N^ V -^ ..'^ ■N-^^' A-^ ^ . \^v,\^^^ •^,c' ^■^'*i^V " %r.^ )6th Congress, [ SENATE. j Document 2d tiexxloii. \ . 1 No. 229. LEGISLATIVE HISTORY GENERAL 8TAFF i>K ■rill': ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES (ITS OROANIZATION, DUTIES, PAY, AND ALLOWANCES), FROJr 17T5 to 1901. COMPrLED AXD ANNOTATED UNDER THE DIRECTION OP Major-General HENEY 0. CORBIN, ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF THE ARMY, BY EAPHAEL P. THIAN, CHIEF CLERK ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1901. "A. y;oocl Staff has the inei-it of T>ein.<2; inoro diai-able thai! the o;en.iiis of tiiTiy one Jiiaii." — .Tomiiai. PREFACE. Traces of a general staff are found first in the Brandenburg (^after- wards the Prussian) army in 1G55, under the Great Elector, but its functions are supposed to have first been employed in Swedish organ- izations. The Russian general staff dates from the time of Peter the Great. The operations of the general staff' of the German army are entireh^ independent of the minister of war, being directed by the chief, who is responsible only to the Commander in Chief — the Emperor. This status has existed for over seventy years. In Russia there is no separate direction of the general stafl', the chief reporting directl}^ to the war minister. In Italy the officers of the great general staff are entirely under the chief of the general staff', who reports directly to the war minister. The chief of the general staff' in France is directly under and entirely subordinate to the secretary of war. In Austria the chief of the general staff is considered as the assistant of the imperial war minister. In England the adjutant-general's office is once removed from the secretary of state for war through the commander in chief of the army. The Continental Congress, June 15, 1775, unanimously elected Geoi-ge AVashington, esq., "to command all the continental forces, raised or to be raised, for the defense of American liberty," and resolved, July 21, "that such a body of troops be kept up in the Massachusetts Bay as General Washington shall think necessary, pro- vided they do not exceed 22,000 men.'" On assuming this command General Washington found an hetero- genous and undisciplined force which, on the call of the Massachusetts connnittee of safety on the morning after the affair at Lexington and Concord, had assembled at Cambridge in a motley host of full 20,000 men, and immediately took measures to bring order out of confusion. Joseph Reed, of Philadelphia, was chosen by him for the important post of Secretary to the Commander in Chief. Horatio Gates was appointed Adjutant-General. Thomas Mifflin, Quartermaster-General, and Joseph Trumbull, Commissary-General. Owing to the multi- plicity of affairs pressing on the attention of Congress, that body, December 27, 1776, vested General Washington with full and com- plete power to displace and appoint all oflicers under the rank of brigadier-general and to fill up vacancies in every department in the American Army. 3 4 PEEFACE. In a letter dated June 13, iTTt), addressed to the President of Congress, General Washing-ton wrote: I once mentioned to Congress that I thought a war office extremely necessary, and they seemed inchned to institute one for our Army; Imt the affair .seems to have been since dropped. Give me leave again to insist on the utility and imjiortance of such an establishment. The more I reflect upon the subject, the more am 1 convinced of its necessity and that affairs can never be properly conducted without it. Congress having, Juno 13, 1TT6, created a Board of War, General Washington, seven days later, wrote to the President of Congress as follows : The instituting a AVar Office is certainly an event of great importance, and, in all probability, will be recorded as such in the historic page. The benefits derived from it, I flatter myself, will be considerable, though the plan upon which it is first formed may not be entirely perfect. This, like other great works, in its first edition may not be free from error; time will discover its defects, and exj^erience suggest the remedy and such further improvements as may be necessary; but it was right to give it a beginning, in my opinion. The Board of War, thus created, was the germ of the War Depart- ment of our Government. The evolution of the general staff of the American Army covers a period of man}^ years, during which tenta- tive measures were adopted, from time to time, to meet emergencies. On the eve of his recall to the supreme command of the Arm}', Gen- eral Washington forcibly presented his views on the subject of a gen- eral staff' in two letters addressed by him to Hon. James McHenry, the then Secretar}^ of War. July 4, 1798, he wrote: In forming an army, if a judicious choice is not made of the principal officers and, above all, of the general staff, it never can be rectified thereafter. The character then of the Army would be lost in the superstructure. The reputation of the com- mander in chief would sink with it and the country be involved in inextricable expense. To remark to a military man how important the general staff of an army is to its well being seems to be unnecessary. And again, on the following day: "The appointment of general officers is importmit, l>ut of those of the general staff all iniporUmi. The Inspector-General, Quartermaster-General, Adjutant-General, and officer com- manding the corps of artillerists and engineers, ought to be men of the most respect- able character and of first rate al)ilities, because from the nature of their respective offices and from their being always al)out the Commander in Chief, who is obliged to intrust many things to them coiijidrntialhi, scarcely any movement can take place without their knowledge. It follows, then, that besides possessing the qualifications just mentioned they ought to have those of integrity and prudence in an eminent degree that entire confidence might be reposed in them. Without these, and their being on good terms with the commanding general, his measures, if not designedly thwarted, may be so embarrassed as to make them move heavily on. If the Inspector-General is not an officer of great respectability of character, firm and strict in discharging the duties of the trust reposed in him, or if he is too pliant in his disposition, he will most assuredly be imposed upon, and the efficient strength and condition of the Army will not be known to the Connnr.nderin Chief. Of course he may form his plans uj^on erroneous calculations and connnit fatal mistakes. If the (Quartermaster-General is not a man of great resource and activity, and worthy of the highest confidence, he would l)e unfit for the military station he is to occupy; for, as it is not possible at all times to mask real designs and movements under false a])pearances, the better and safer waj^ is to place full confidence in him under the seal of responsibility. Then, kno\\'ing the plan, he participates in the con- cealment, on wliich, and the celerity of a movement, success oftentimes entirehj depends. In addition to these requisites in a Quarterm;;:U'r-(reneral, economy in pro\iiling for tiie wants of an army, ])roi)er arrangements in the (listril)ution of the sui)])lies, and a careful ey*; to tlie use of them is of great importance and call for a circumspect choice. The Adjutant-CTcneral ought also to be a man of established character, of great acttivity and experit>nce in the details of an army, and of proved integrity, or no alertness can be expected in the execution of the several duties consigned to him on PREFACE. the one hand, and everj'thing to be feared from treachery or neglect in his office on the otlier, by which the enemy might be an well informed of our strength as of their own. It was not, however, until 1812-1821 that the general staif' was organ- ized on correct lines and its several departments created, substantially, as they have remained since. ]\Ir. Secretary Willisun H. Crawford, in a report dated December 27, 181,"), expressed himself as follows: A complete organization of the staff will contribute as niucli to the economy of the establishment as to its etliciency. The stationery staff of a militarj' estal>lish- ment should be substantially the same in peace as in war, without reference to the numl)er or distribution of the troops of which it is composed. Hon, John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, replying, December 11, 1818, to a resolution of Congress asking what reduction, if an}^ might be made in the military establishment, wrote: The staff, as organized by the act of last session, combines simplicity with effi- ciency. * * * Were our military establishment reduced one-half, it is obvious that, if the same posts continxied to be occupied which now are, the same number of officers in the Quartermaster's, Paymaster's, Medical, and Adjutant and Inspector General's Departments would be required. To compare, then, as is sometimes done, our staff with those of European armies assembled in large bodies is manifestly unfair. The act of last session, it is believed, has made all the reduction which ought to be attempted. It has rendered the staff efficient without making it exjiensive. Such a staff is not only indispensable to the efficiency of the Army, but it is also necessary to a proper economy in its disburse- ments; and should an attempt be made at retrenchment by reducing the present number, it would, in its consequences, probably prove wasteful and extravagant. In fact, no part of .our military organization requires more attention in peace than the general staff. It is in every service invariably the last in attaining perfection; and if neglected in peace, when there is leisure, it will be impossible, in the midst of the hurry and bustle of war, to bring it to perfection. It is in peace that it should receive a perfect organization, and that the officers should be trained to method and ])unctuality, so that at the commencement of a war, instead of creating anew, nothing more should be necessary than to give it the necessary enlargement. With a defective staff we must carry on our military operations under great dis- advantages, and be exposed, particularly at the commencement of a war, to great losses, embarrassments, and disasters. The histor}^ of the general stall' is marked b}- good judgment, great executive a])ility, and readiness of execution in emergencies. The value of the stall' has been fully demonstrated by the administration of its affairs in the wars of the past, but in none more so than during the late civil war, when the system was submitted to most severe tests, from which it emerged triumphantly. The crowning evidence of its thorough effectiveness w^as the preparation of the plan by the Adjutant- General's Department for the muster otit and disbandment at the close of that war of the volunteer armies, numbering over 1,500,000 officers and men, distributed to l,2Yl: regiments, 316 independent companies, and 192 Imtteries. The plan was submitted to the Secretary of War and the General of the Army and was adopted within one hour of its presentation. The movement homeward commenced May 29, 1805, and, had it been prac- (ical)lo to spare all the forces, the entire ntunber could easily have been mustm-ed out and returned to their homes within three months. Six hiuulred and fortvone thousand were mustered oitt within aboitt two months, 711,000 within two and a half months, and 800,963 were dis- charged by November 15, 1865. In his annual report for that year General Grant states that — These musters out were admirably conducted ; 800,000 men (subsequently increased to 1,0.S4,064) were i)assing from the Army to civil life so quickly tliat it was scarcely known, save by the welcomes to their homes. T? P T CONTENTS Page. I. General provisions affecting the several corps and departments of the general staff 9 II. The Adjutant-Generars Department 49 III. The Inspector-General's Department 83 IV. The Judge- Advocate-General's Department 119 V. The Quartermaster's Deimrtment 137 VI. The Subsistence Department 235 VII. The Medical Department 359 VIII. The Pay Department 441 IX. The Corps of Engineers 481 X. The Ordnance Department 531 XL The Signal Corps r,09 MINOR BUREAUS. The Commissary-General of Musters 629 The Commissary-General of Prisoners 637 Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands 653 The Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau 665 ADDENDA. General provisions 681 The (.Quartermaster's Department 686 The Subsistence Department 687 The Medical Department 6S0 The ( )rdiiance Department 690 The Signal Corps 690 7 I -GENERAL PROVISIONS. PROVISIONS AFFECTING THE SEYERAL CORPS AND DEPARTMENTS OF THE GENERAL STAFF. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. Septemher 21, 1775. — "Whereas frequent applications are making to the General, Comnmnder in Chief, by officers of all ranks and denominations for an allowance of rations of provisions, which are not only absolntely necessary, but usual and cus- tomarily allowed to them, the General has thought proper to order and direct that from the first day of July last there be issued by the Commissary-General the fol- lowing proportion of rations, viz: To each major-general, 15 rations; to each briga- dier-general, 12 rations; to each colonel, 6 rations; to each lieutenant-colonel, 5 rations; to eacli major, 4 rations; to each captain, 3 rations; to each subaltern, 2 rations, and to each staff ofiicer, 2 rations. ' ' ( Orders, Oeneral Headquarters, Cambridge. ) March 16, 1776. — Expenses of the horses of general officers, when traveling on oflicial business, were to be defrayed by the Continent. May 10, 1776. — Resolved, That this Congress has hitherto exercised, and ought to retain, the power of promoting the officers in the Continental service according to their merit; and that no promotion or succession shall take place upon any vacancy without the authority of a Continental commission. September 9, 1776. — In all commissions the words "United Colonies" to be altered to "United States." September 16, 1776. Resolved, . . . That Congress make provision for granting lands in the following proportion: To the officers . . . who shall so engage in the service and continue therein to the close of the war, or until discharged by Congress, and to the representatives of such oiScers and soldiers as shall be slain by the enemy. Such lands to be provided by the United States, and whatever expense shall be necessary to procure such land the said expense shall be paid and borne by the States in the same proportion as the other expenses of the war, viz: To a colonel, 500 acres; to a lieutenant-colonel, 450; to a major, 400; to a captain, 300; to a lieutenant, 200; to an ensign, 150; each non- conmaissioned officer and soldier, 100. Sej)tei7\ber 18, 1776. Rr-sojred. That if rations be received by the officers ... in the Continental Army, in money, they be paid at the rate of g\ of a dollar. September 20, 1776. Tn order to prevent the officers and soldiers who shall bo entitled to the lands hereafter to be granted by the resolution of Congress of the 16th from disposing of the same during the war, Tiemlved, That Congress will not grant lands to any person or persons claiming under the assignment of an officer or soldier. 11 12 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. December ^7, 1776. The Congress having maturely considered the present crisis . . . do hereb}^ Resolve., That General Washington be, and he is hereby, vested with full and complete power ... to displace and appoint all officers under the rank of brigadier-general, and to till up all vacancies in every . . . department in the American Army. * * -X- * * * -X- That the foregoing power be vested in General Washington for and during the term of six months from the date hereof, unless sooner determined by Congress. April 10, 1777. — General Washington was asked to transmit to the board of war a list of his appointments made under powers vested in him. Atcjust 14, 1777. — Congress authorized the commanding otiicer in the Northern Department, for four months from date of resolution, to suspend any officer under his command, for mal-conduct, and to appoint others in their room till such time as the pleasure of l-ongress can be known concerning the i^erson or persons so suspended; and that he report the names of such as he may suspend, with the cause of their suspension. August 23, 1777. — General Washington to be informed that Congress never intended by any commission hitherto granted by them, or by the establishment of any depart- ment whatever, to supersede or circumscribe his powers as the Commander in Chief of all tlie Continental forces within the United States. September 17, 1777. — General Washington was authorized to suspend all officers misl)ehaving and to fill up all vacancies under the rank of brigadier-general until the pleasure of Congress can be communicated; powers to continue for 60 days and within a radius of 70 miles of headquarters. November 14, 1777, this power was con- tinued to March 1, 1778, unless sooner revoked. January 6, 177S.^Every officer and man entering an hospital for treatment of secret disease to pay, respectively, |10 and $4; such moneys to be paid to the director- general or his order, to be appropriated to the purchase of blankets and shirts for the use of the sick soldiers in the hospital. February 3, 1778. Resolved, That every officer who holds or shall hereafter hold a commission or office from Congress shall take and subscribe the fol- lowing oath or affirmation: ' ' I, , do acknowledge the United States of America to be free, independent, and sovereign States, and declare that the peo- ple thereof owe no allegiance or obedience to George the Third, King of Great Britain; and I renounce, refuse, and abjure any allegiance or obedience to him; and I do swear (or affirm) that I will, to the utmost of my power, support, maintain, and defend the said United States against the said King George the Third and his heirs and successors, and his and their abettors, assistants, and adherents, and will serve the said United States in the office of , which I now hold, with fidelit3^ according to the best of my skill and understanding. So help me God." * * * Remlved, That all officers in the Army shall take and subscribe the foregoing oath or affirmation before the Command ■'.r in Chief, or any major-general or brigadier-general. * * * That every officer, having the disposal of pul^lic money, or who is or shall be intrusted with the charge or distribution of public stores, GENERAL PROVISIONS. 13 shall, at the time of taking and subscribing the foregoing oath or affir- mation, also take an oath or affirmation of office, in the following words, viz: '"I, , do swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully, truly, and impartially execute the office of , to which I am appointed, and render a true account, when thereunto required, of all public monies by me received or expended, and of all stores or other effects to me entrusted, which belong to the United States; and will, in all respects, discharge the trust reposed in me with justice and integrity, to the best of my skill and understanding." That every officer taking the foregoing oaths or affirmations, or either of them, shall obtain from the person administering the same duplicate certiticates specif 3'ing the time of his taking it, or them, and also his name and rank, or employment. That every military officer shall deliver or transmit one of the cer- titicates so obtained to the commander in chief, or the commander of a department, or to such person as by general orders shall be appointed to receive the same; and the said commanding officers shall cause the certiticates so received to be sent to the secretary of C'ongress, and shall keep an exact list of the names of all officers whose certiticates shall be received and forwarded, together with their several ^'anks and the times of their being qualitied. * ****** That each deponent or affirmant shall retain and keep the other cer- tificate by him obtained as a voucher of his having complied with what is hereby enjoined him: Eexolrcd^ That every officer, civil or military, now in office, shall take and sul)scribe the qualification above directed, within twenty days after notice hereof; and every person hereafter appointed to any office by or under the authority of the Congress of the United States of America shall take and subscribe the same previous to his acting in such office; and ever^^ officer who shall continue or presume to exer- cise any commission, civil or military, under the authority of the Congress of the United States of America, without taking the qualifi- cation in time and manner above directed shall l)e cashiered, and forfeit two months' pay to the use of the United States of America, and be rendered incapable of serving in the Army of the said States, and of executing thereafter any office under Congress. Fchrnwii 9, 1778. — Governors of States authorized to suspend, for cause, any officer of the staff not immediately appointed by Congress, and to make temporary ajipoint- ments in the place of the officers suspended, reporting their action to Congress. 3fay 15, 1778. Resolved, Unanimousl3% that all militar}- officers commissioned by Congress who now are, or hereafter may be, in the service of the United States, and- shall continue therein during the war, and not hold any office of profit luider these States, or any of them, shall, after the con- clusion of the war, be entitled to receive annually, for the term of seven years, if they live so long, one-half of the present pay of such officers: . . . And provided. That this resolution shall not extend to any officer in the service of the United States, unless he shall have taken an oath of allegiance to, and shall actually reside within some one of the United States. 14 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. AKMY. May ^7, 1778. Resolved., That when any of the staff officers appointed from the line are promoted above the ranks in the line out of which they are respectively appointable their staff appointments shall thereupon be vacated. May 29, 1778. Resolved.! That no persons hereafter appointed upon the civil staff' of the Army shall hold or be entitled to any rank in the Arm}^ by virtue of such staff' appointment. June 2, 1778. Resolved., That subsistence money be allowed to officers and others on the staff' in lieu of extra rations, and that henceforward none of them be allowed to draw more than one ration a day. June 4, 1778. — Congress aiipointed Messrs. Carroll, Matthews and AVentworth a committee to extract from the journals, for publication, all the resolutions relative to the government of the Army. Jmie 9, 1778. Resolved, That the value of the rations due since the 1st of January last till the 1st inst. be estimated at one-third of a dollar . . . June 33, 1778. — Congress authorized General Gates to dismiss all the supernumer- ary staff officers in the district under his command. Awjust 12, 1778. — Congress allowed $500 to every officer whose duty required him to be mounted and whose horse was killed in battle. Novemher U, 1778. Resolved, That all officers and persons employed on the staff shall receive for subsistence money one-third of a dollar for each extra ration heretofore allowed them. December 19, 1778. — Messrs. Duane, Laurens, Ellsworth, Gerry and M. Smith, con- stituted a committee to confer with the Commander in Chief and the principal offi- cers of the staff on ways and means of retrenching the expenses of the Army. April 14, 1779.— The subsistence money allowed having become insufficient by reason of the rapid increase of the necessaries of life. Congress recommended that the several legislatures supply the officers of their respective States, at the expense of the United States, with West India rum at § of a dollar a gallon, muscovado sugar at h a dollar per pound, coffee at o a dollar a pound, tea at 1| dollars per pound, and chocolate at 5 a dollar per pound. May 11, 1779. Resolved, . . . That all staff officers who serve with the Arnn^ shall be allowed clothing on the same conditions as officers in the line, provided the}^ engage for a year or longer. June 12, 1779. The Board of War having reported a form of a commission for offi- cers of the staff', the same was read and agreed to, as follows: •■'The United States of America in Congress assembled, to , greeting: " We, reposing especial trust and confidence in your patriotism, prudence, and fidelity, do by these presents constitute and appoint you GENEEAL PKO VISIONS. 15 to be . You are therefore f aithf ull}'^ and diligently to discharge the duty of by doing and performing all manner of things thereunto belonging. And you are to observe and follow such orders and directions, from time to time, as you shall receive from this or a future Congress of the United States, or committee of Congress for that purpose appointed, a committee of the States, or Commander in Chief for the time being of the Army of the United States, or any other your superior officer, according to the rules and discipline of war, in pursuance of the trust reposed in you. This commission to continue in force until revoked by this or a future Congress, the com- mittee of Congress before mentioned, or a committee of the States. "Witness , President of the Congress of the United States of America, at -, the day of , and in the year of our independence. "Entered in the War Office, and examined by the Board. "Secretary of the Board of War." Augi(,st 11, 1779. Resolved, That the half pay provided by the resolution of the 1.5th of May, 1778, be extended to continue for life; and that the holding of a civil office under the United States, or any of theui, shall be no bar to prevent any officer from receiving the same. Augud 18, 1779. Resolved* That, until the further order of Congress, the said officers of the Army be entitled to receive monthly for their subsistence mono}" the sums following, to wit: Each colonel . . . 500 dollars; lieutenant-colonel 400 dollars; every major . . . 300 dollars; every captain 200 dollars; every lieutenant, ensign . . . 100 dollars. Resolved, That, until the further order of Congress, the sum of 10 dollars be paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly for their subsistence, in lieu of those articles of food originally intended for them and not furnished. August IS, 1779.— The Journals state that Congress proceeded to the consideration of a report for a further allowance to the officers of the Army (committee consisted of Messrs. Duane, Smith, Morris, Laurens and Drayton), and "Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the said officers be entitled to receive monthly for their subsistence money the sums following, to wit: Each colonel and brigade chaplain, 5(X) dollars; every lieutenant-colonel, 400 dollars; every major and regimental surgeon, 800 dollars; every captain, 200 dollars; every lieutenant, ensign, and surgeon's mate, 100 dollars. "Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the sum of 10 dollars be paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly for their subsistence in lieu of those articles of food originally intended for them and not furnished." October 2, 1779. — "The following are the uniforms that have been determined for the troops of these States, respectively, as soon as the state of the public supplies will permit their being furnished accordingly, and in the meantime it is recommended to the officers to endeavor to accommodate their uniforms to this standard; that when the men come to be supplied there may be a proper uniformity: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut: Blue, faced with white; buttons antl lining, white. New York, New Jersey: Blue, faced with buff; white lining and buttons. Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia: Blue, faced with red; buttons and lining, white. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia: Blue, faced with blue; buttonholes, edged with narrow white lace or tape; buttons and lining, white. 16 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Artillery and artillery artificers: Blue, faced with scarlet; scarlet lining; yellow buttf)ns; yellow-bound hats; coats edged with narrow lace or tape, and l)uttonholea bound with the same. Light dragoons: The whole, blue faced with white; white buttons and linings. (Orders, General Headquarters, Moure's House.) Nowmher 25, 1779. Resolved.^ That the following articles be delivered as a suit of clothes for the current and every succeeding- 3^ear of their service to the officers of the . . . staff entitled by any resolution of Congress to receive the same, viz: One hat, one watch coat, one body coat, four vests (one for winter and three for summer), four pair of breeches (two for winter and two for summer), four shirts, four stocks, six pairs of stockings (three pairs thereof worsted and three of thread), four pairs of shoes. For which articles of clothing the officers shall pay, on receipt thereof, one-half more than the prices at which the same were cur- rently sold before the commencement of hostilities, in April, 1775 ... * * * * * * * That all clothing issued to noncommissioned officers and soldiers, enlisted artificers . . . ])eyond that allowed to them as a bounty, shall also ))e valued and paid for at the rate liefore mentioned; but no noncommissioned officer, soldier, . . artificer shall be entitled to purchase in any one year, out of the public store, any ouuer addi- tional articles than those of hats, hose, shirts, and shoes, and not more of these than are absolutely necessary, and not exceeding the number of the like articles allowed as their bounty clothing. That . . . all clothing to staff' officers [shall be issued] on the certificate of their principal with the Army or in the district within which they shall serve . That no staff' officer, artificer, or wagoner, not being engaged for at least one year, shall receive clothing; and if any such officer, artificer, or wagoner, l>eing engaged for one year or more, after receipt of such clothing, shall quit the service before the expiration of the term for -lich he or they are or shall be engaged, he or they shall forfeit and pay the full value of such clothing, and be subject to all other penal- ties and inconveniences attending his or their breach of contract or desertion. January 8, 1780. Resolved, That every officer of the Army of the United States whose duty requires his being on horseback in time of action be allowed a sum not exceeding- the average price given at the time, in the department or place where the accident shall happen, for horses purchased for pri\'ate dragoons, as a compensation for any horse he shall have killed in battle; this resolution to have retrospect as far as the 1st of January, 1779; and the Quartermaster-General, or his dep- uty, is hereb}" authorized to pav the value of such horses, not exceeding the said price, to the respective sufferers, on the facts being properly authenticated. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 17 January 20, 1780. — A hoard of commissioners (one of whom to be a member of Con- gress) was aj)pointed to inquire into the expenses of the staff departments, to dis- charge supernumerary and delinquent officers and men, to stop all issues of rations and otlier supplies n<»t indispensaltly nerest-ary for the service; any two of them, in conjunction with General Washington, to adopt any proper measures for promoting economy in those departments. January 21 Congress elected Mr. Schuyler and Colonel Pickering, and January 22 General Thomas Mifflin. March 11, 1780. Resolved., . . . That every officer who by such regulation [of the Commander in Chief] shall be entitled to a servant, and who shall enlist, to serve during the war, a youth not under fifteen nor exceed- ing eighteen years of age, and who from appearances is likely to prove an able-bodied soldier, such officer shall retain the youth so enlisted as his servant, until, in the opinion of the Inspector-General, or one of the subinspectors, he shall be fit to bear arms, and the youth shall receive the bounty mone3% clothing, pay, and rations of a soldier; and the officer to whom such servant shall be attached is not to be allowed a man out of the ranks, on any pretense whatsoever, while such serv- ant remains with him . . . The like allowance of clothing, pay, and rations shall be given to any officer entitled as aforesaid to a serv- ant who shall bring into the field with him a servant of his own . . . April 10, 1780. Resolved., That when Congress shall be furnished with proper docu- ments to liquidate the depreciation of the continental bills of credit, they will, as soon thereafter as the state of the public finances will admit, make good to the lines of the Army, and the independent corps thereof, the deficiency of their original pay, occasioned hy such depre- ciation; and that the money and articles heretofore paid or furnished, or hereafter to be paid or furnished by Congress or the States, or any of them, as for pa}^ subsistence, or to compensate for deficiency, shall be deemed as advanced on accoimt, until stich liquidation as aforesaid shall be adjusted, it being the determination of Congress that all the troops serving in the Continental Army shall be placed on an eq.vlil footing: Provided, That no person shall have any benefit of this reso- lution except such as were engaged during the Avar, or for three years, and are now in service, or shall hereafter engage during the war for three years and are now in service, or shall hereafter engage during the war. April 13, 1780. — Messrs. Schuyler, Matthews and Peabody constituted a committee to confer with General Washington and the chiefs of departments, with a view to remedying defects and perfecting the arrangement of the several staff departments. April 14, 1780. — Congress tendered their thanks to General JVIiftlin and Colonel Pickering for their attention to the business conunitted to them, manifested in their plan for the arrangements of the staff departments, which has been referred to a committee (Messrs. Schuyler, Matthews and Peabody), who are to consult the Com- mander in Chief and the heads of the staff departments. J'dne 14, 1780. — General (xates was authorized to appoint all staff otiicers necessary for the 0-*ganization of the Southern Army. S. Doc. 229 2 18 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U, S. ARMY. June 18, 1780. — " As it is at all times of great importance, both for the sake of aijpearance and for the regnlarity of service, that the different military ranks should be distinguished from each other and more especially at present, the Commander in Chief has thought proper to establish the following distinctions and strongly recommends it to all the officers to endeavor to conform to them as speedily as possible: The major-generals to wear a blue coat with buff facings and linings, yellow buttons, white or buff under cloth, two epaulettes, with two stars upon each, and a black and white feather in the hat. The brigadier-generals, the same uniform as the major-generals with the difference of one star instead of two and a white feather. The colonels, lieutenant-colonels, and majors, the uniforms of their regi- ments and two epaulettes. The captains, the uniforms of their regiments and an epaulette on the right shoulder. The subalterns, the uniform of their regiment and an epaulette on the left shoulder. The aides-de-camp, the uniforms of their ranks and corps, or if they belong to no corps, of their general officers. Those of the major- generals and brigadier-generals to have a green feather in the hat; those of the Commander in Chief, a white and green. The inspectors — as well sub as brigade — the uniforms of their ranks and corps with a blue feather in the hat. The Corps of Engineers and that of sappers and miners, a blue coat with buff facings, red lining, buff under cloth, and the epaulettes of their respective ranks. Such of the staff as have military rank to wear the uniforms of their ranks and of the corps to which they belong in the line; such as have no military rank to wear plain coats with cockade and sword. All officers, as well warrant as commissioned, to wear a cockade and side arms, either a sword or genteel bayonet. The general reconnnends it to the officers as far as practicable to provide themselves with the uniforms prescribed for their respective corps by the regulations of , published in general orders, the 2d of October last." {Orders, General Headquarters, Short Hills.) Jvhi 14, 1780. — "It Avas omitted in the general order of the 18th of June last to mention that the Adjutant-General and his assistants are to wear a red and green feather in their hats and the uniforms of their corps." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness. ) July 15. 1780. Resolved^ . . . That an}^ of the said officers entitled to forage, who shall keep their horses at their own expense, when in camp, or when absent from the Army on public service, shall ])e allowed as much daily for the forage so found as shall be certified by the deputy quartermaster of the State in which the Army may be, to be the net current cost of a ration of forage, every officer claiming such payment producing a certificate from the forage master, from whom he usually draws, that he had not drawn forage from him during the time charged for, and certifying upon honor that he hath drawn no public forage whatever during the said time, on which a certificate shall pass from the conmiissary of forage, or deputy, to the Quartermaster-General's auditor, for settlement of the same, not exceeding the current net cost of the ration as settled by the quartermaster of the State: Provided, That no officer on furlough shall be entitled to draw forage or pay for the same for any time he is absent beyond the time allowed him by his furlough. .Tuly 19, 1780. — "The feathers directed to be worn by major-generals are to have the white below, the black above. It will be best to have one feather, the upper part black. It is recommended to the officers to have black and white cockades — a black ground with a white relief — emblematic of the expected miion of the two armies. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness. ) August 12, 1780. Remlved, . . . That the officers (of tlie Army) shall hereafter be allowed five dollars per month in the said new bills [emission of March 18, 1780] for each retained ration. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 19 Thrt the provisions for granting" lands b}^ the resohition of Septem- ber IC), 1776, be, and is hereby, extended to the general officers, in the following proportion: To a major-general, 1,100 acres; a brigadier- general. 850 acres. August U. 1780. Resolved, . . . That if it shall appear that the subsistence money allowed to officers in lieu of the rations withheld is not equal to the cost of the rations, the deticiency shall hereafter be made up to them. JResoJved., . . . That the resolution of the loth da}^ of May, 1778, granting half pay for seven years to the officers of the Army who should continue in service to the end of the war, be extended to the widows of those officers who have died or shall hereafter die in the service; to commence from the time of such officers' death, and con- tinue for the term of seven years; or if there be no widow, or in case of her death or intermarriage, the said half pay be given to the orphan children of the officer dying as aforesaid, if he shall have left any, and that it be recommended to the legislatures of the respective States to which such officers belong, to make provision for paying the same, on account of the United States. That the restricting clause in the resolution of May 15, 1778, grant- ing half pay to the officers for seven years, expressed in these woi'ds, viz, ''And not hold any office of profit under these States, or any of them," be, and is hereby, repealed. August 29, 1780. — "As l)lack and red feathers have been furnished the division of liglit infantry to distingu'sh it from the rest of the Army, they are not to be worn by any officers or soldiers but those who belong to it." {Orders, Uencral Headquarters, Tean Neck.) Novemher W, 1780. Resolved^ That the act of Congress of the 8th of Januarj^ last, pro- vidnig for the payment of officers' horses killed in action, be extendetl to such officers entitled to keep them who shall have their horses Avounded and disabled in action, provided the horses so wounded and disabled be delivered to the department of the Quartermaster-General. January 26, 1781. Remlved., That the allowance of five dollars per month to the officers of the Army for each retained ration, granted by an act of the 12th of August last, shall commence on the 1st day of August, 1780. June 13, 1781. — Congress declared that until it shall be able to liquidate the depre- ciation of the continental bill of credit, on the principles established in the resolution of April 10, 1780, that the money paid by the Stp^tes to compensate officers of the Army shall be deemed as advanced on account until adjustment by Congress of such liquidation. September 30, 1781. — "All officers and others are strictly forbid, for obvious reasons, to wear red coats." {Orders, General Headquarters, Secretary's Quarter.) October 30, 1781. — "In pursuance of the determination of a board of general officers setting forth the means by which the officers of the Army may receive a general benefit from that article of the Cai)ituIation which entitles them to a right of preemption of the goods in the possession of the traders in York and Gloucester, at the time of the surrender of these posts, the Commander in Chief is pleased to direct that every officer who came here with this Army (coming under the following description) receive on account of his pay to the amount of twenty pounds (dollars, at six shil- lings) each, viz: * * * tiie officers of the hospital, " * * * the Quartermaster- General, the Commissary-General, and their deputies; but not to include the deputies 20 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. of deputies. * * * Heads of departments not connected with brigades are them- selves to purchase for the persons entitled or give written authority to one person in their respective departments to do it for them. The brigades and corps, having balloted for priority of purchase, are to be served in the following order, viz: * * * 7, sappers and miners; 8, 9, 10, the Quarter [master] 's. Commissary's, and Hospital departments. * * * The persons appointed to purchase for each btigade and , separate department will have a certificate of their appointment from Maior-( reneral St. Clair. * * * The regimental paymaster to take receipts from each officer, as so much pay, and transmit an account of the aggregate sum to the Paymaster-General, to be by hini charged to the regiment. Where officers are unconnected with bri- gades, their amounts to be transmitted to the Paymaster-General by the general officers to whom they are attached and the heads of departments to whicli they belong. Until the purchases above authorized are completed and the same announced by a general order, no person whatever is permitted to purchase on private account." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Neu) York. ) January 19, 1782. — " Commanding officers of * * * corps are not in future to furnish servants or waggoners from their corps on any pretext whate^'er, without an express order from the Commander in Chief or officer commanding the Army. Officers actually belonging to * * * corps and serving with them are to be allowed servants from their respective corps, in the following proportions, viz: * * * No * * * doctor to take a convalescent from the hospital for a servant on pain of being tried by a court-martial. The general and military staff and officers not belonging to corps are to be allowed servants in the following proportions, and when they are not otherwise provided may take them from the Army, viz: Major-general, four servants; brigadier-general, four servants; colonel, two servants (without arms) ; lieutenant-colonel, one servant (without arms); major, one servant (without arms); captain, one servant (without arms); aide-de-camp, one servant (without arms); major of brigade, one servant (without arms). {Orders, General Headquarters, Phila- delphia. ) A2?ril 8, 1782. Resolved., That . . . the Secretary at War . . . issue his warrants ... to the head of each department for the pay and rations due to each department; that the accounts for the pay and rations of . . . each department in the Army from January 1, 1782, shall bo made out at the end of every month, and be transmitted to the War Office for examination and warrants. That the manner of making the payments, of keeping the accounts, • . . be regulated b}^ the Secretary at War. April 10, 1782. Resolved., . . . That estimates and returns from the different departments be lodged at the War Office, to be examined and approved of by the Secretary at War. April n, 1782. Resolved., That from and after the first day of Maj^ next all resolves of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allowances to officers, over and above their pay and what the}^ are enti- tled to from the Quartermaster's Department, . . . be, and they are hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations, . . . affixed to their several ranks, viz: A colonel 2 rations per day; 12 60/90 dollars per month. A lieutenant-colonel . lo do. ; 11 do. Major l| do. ; 8 do. Captain 1 do. ; 6 30/90 do. Subaltern 1 do. ; 8 15/90 do. * * * GENERAL PROVISIONS. 21 All officers in the line of the Army employed in any of the staff departments shall be entitled, while acting therein, to draw the same number of rations and like subsistence to which they are entitled b}^ their ranks in the Army; and when any persons, not in the line of the Army, are employed in any of the staff departments, the}" shall be entitled to draw the same number of rations and subsistence as officers of the line acting in similar stations in the staff' with them are entitled to draw. No compensation shall hereafter be made to those officers who may neglect to draw rations to which they are entitled. Aiigust 7, 1782. — "Honorary badges of distinction are to be conferred on the veteran noncommissioned officers and soldiers of the Army, who have served more than three years with bravery, fidelity, and good conduct; for this purpose a narrow piece of white cloth of an angular form is to be fixed to the left arm on tlin uniform coats. Noncounnissioned officers and soldiers, who have served with equal reputation more than six years, are to be distinguished by two pieces of cloth set on parallel to each other in a similar form." "The general, ever desirous to cherish virtuous ambition in his soldiers, as well as to foster and encourage every species of military merit, directs that whenever any singularly meritorious action is performed, the author of it shall be permitted to wear on liis facings over the left breast, the figure of a heart in purple cloth or silk, edged with narrow lace or binding." {Ordem, General Ileddquarters, Neivburgh.) August 11, 1782. — "The badges which noncommissioned officers and soldiers are permitted to wear on the left arm, as a mark of long and faithful service, are to be of the same color, with the facings of the corps they belong to, and not white in every instance as directed in the orders of the 7th instant." ( Orders, General Ileudquarters, Newburgh. ) October 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That any of the officers entitled to forage, who shall keep their horses at their own expense, shall t)e paid therefor })y the Quartermaster-General at the average price given by him for the forage of the Army. Decemher 3, 1782. Resolved, That after the last day of December inst. , in lieu of the rations hitherto allowed to officers of the Army, including those for servants, they shall be allowed subsistence mone}" at the rate of four dollars per month for each ration; provided tht^t where circumstances in any case shall not permit the payment of such subsistence money, they shall draw their rations as heretofore. December 6, 1782. — "The honorable Secretary at War having been pleased to direct that the uniform of the American cavalry and infantry shall in future be blue ground with red facings and white linings and buttons, the (General gives this early notice that provision may be made accordingly before the Army shall receive their clothing for the present year. The Corps of Artillery is to retain the present uniform, and the sappers and miners will have the same." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) Becemhei' 13, 1782. Resolved, That every officer whose duty requires his being on horse- back who shall have his horse killed, or wounded, or disabled b}^ the enemy, or whose horse shall fall into the enemy's hands without his own manifest fault or misconduct, shall be entitled to receive from the Quartermaster-Cxeneral or his deputy the just value of such horse, to be appraised on oath, or on honor of the appraisers, if commissioned officers, provided the same docs not exceed 120 dollars; provided also, 22 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. that if the wounded or disabled horse be l)rought off, he shall be deliv- ered to some officer in the Quartermaster's Department, whose certiti- cate shall be necessary to entitle the owner to compensation; provided also, that liefore any "compensation shall be made for horses lost in the manner before mentioned, the necessary facts shall be proved to the satisfaction of the Quartermaster-General or his deputy. . . . This resolution to have retrospect to the first of Januar}^, 1779; this resolu- tion not to extend to officers who have already received compensation for horses lost since that day. December 15, 1782. — " By the order of the 6th instant respecting uniformity of clothing for the Army, the General did not propose that the coats should all be made in the same mode; on the contrary, he wishes commanding officers of the different lines and corps would agree among themselves on such distinctions as may be deemed proper in the fashion of the lapels, cuffs, buttons, &c." ( Orders, General Headquar- ters, Netuburgh.) January 3, 1783. — "Duplicate accounts of the subsistence of departments and gen- eral officer's family, to be signed by the heads of the departments and general officer." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgli.) February M, 1783. Whereas sundry officers in the Army of the United States have been taken from the line to act in the departments of the general staff", and are entitled to additional pay in consequence thereof: He-solved, That it be, and hereby is, recommended to the several States, to whom such officers respectively belong, to adjust and dis- charge, on account of the United States, the deficiencies on the addi- tional pay to which they are entitled by the resolutions of Congress, in the same manner and to the same time they settle their accounts as officers of the line. February 24, 1783. — "The nonarrival of the clothing expected from Europe renders the greatest economy in that article doubly necessary. The Commander in Chief therefore recommends that the business of turning and repairing the coats of last year should now be considered as a primary object, in doing which a certain model as to the fashion and length (for the coats ought to be made something shorter than at present) will be established by the commanding officer of the corps, from which there must be no deviation. . ' . It is expected scarlet cloth for cuffs, capes, and per- haps half facings will be furnished, as the Secretary at War has been pleased to give assurances that he will cause a quantity of that cloth, together with a sufficiency of thread, to be immediately forwarded from Philadelphia, if possible. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) March 3, i?^?.— "Notwithstanding the proposed alteration in the uniform of the infantry and cavalry, it appears necessary, from the inevitable circumstances, that all the light infantry companies should be clothed in blue coats, faced with white, until further orders. " {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) March 22, 1783. Resolved., That such officers as are now in service, and shall continue therein to the end of the war, shall be entitled to receive the amoimt of five 3'ears' f ull pay in money, or securities on interest at six per cent per annum, as Congress shall find most convenient, instead of the half pay promised for life by the resolution of the 21st day of Octo- ber, 1780. ... April 14, i7rovUhd also,T\\'Ai wW inferior disabilities shall entitle the person so disabled to receive an allowance proportionate to the highest disability. Sec. 15. That if any commissioned officer in the military peace establishment of the United States shall, while in the service of the United States, die by reason of any wound received in actual service of the United States, and leave a widow, or if no widow a chil d or children under sixteen years of age, such widow, or if no widow such 26 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF tJ. S. ARMY. child or children, shall be entitled to and receive half the monthly pay- to which the deceased was entitled at the time of his death, for and dur- ing the term of five j^ears. But in case of the death or intermarriage of such widow Ijefor'e the expiration of the said term of live years, the half pay for the remainder of the time shall go to the child or children of suc-li deceased officer: Provided ahcays^ That such half pay shall cease on the decease of such child or children. Act of April m, 1808 (^ SUits., ]^81). AN ACT to raise for a limited time an addititional military force. * * * Sec. 0. That the subsistence of the officers of the Army, when not received in kind, shall be estimated at twenty cents per ration. * * * Act of January 11, 18P2 {2 Stats., 671). AN ACT to raise an additional military force. * * * Sec. 23. That the subsistence of the officers of the Army, >vhen not received in kind, shall be estimated at twenty cents per ration. * * * Act of July 6, 1812 {2 Stats., 781i). AN ACT making further provision for the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * -X- * Sec. -i. That the President is hereby authorized to confer brevet rank on such officers of the Army as shall distinguish themselves bj" gallant actions or meritorious conduct, or who shall have served ten years in any one grade: Provided., that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to entitle officers so brevetted to any additional pay or emoluments. Sec. 5. That the officers who shall not take waiters from the line of the Army shall receive the pay, clothing, and su})sistence allowed to a private soldier for as man}^ waiters as the\' may actually keep, not exceeding the number allowed by existing regulations. January 11, 1S12 {2-071). — Reenacts sections 14 and 15 of act of March 16, 1802. Act of March 3, 1813 {2 Stats., 819). AN ACT for the ,;ett r organization of the general staff of the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 4. . . . And officers taken from the line and transferred to the staff shall receive only the pay and emoluments attached to the rank in the staff; but their'transfer shall be without prejudice to their rank and promotion in the line according to their said rank and seniority, which promotion shall take place according to usage, in the same mannei' as if they had not been thus transferred. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 27 Sec. 5. That it shall be the dut}^ of the Secretary of the War Department, and he is hereby authorized, to prepare general regula- tions better delining and prescribing the respective duties and powers of the several officers in . . . the general . . . statf, which regulations, when approved by the President of the United States, shall be respected and obeyed until altered or revoked by the same authority; and the said general regulations, thus prepared and aj)proved, shall be laid before Congress at their next session. Act of July 22, 1813 {3 Stats., 3 If). AN ACT to regulate the allowance of forage to otficers in the Army of the United States. That all officers in the military service of the United States who are by law entitled to forage shall receive in lieu thereof when not drawn in kind an equivalent in mone}^, at the rate of eight dollars per month for each horse to which they may be entitled: Provided, That no allowance shall be made to any officer for more horses than he shall actualh' employ in the public service. Act of March 30, 18 U {3 Stats., 113). AN ACT for the better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United States. Sec. 9. That from and after the first day of June next the officers of the Army shall be entitled to waiters agreeable to grade, as follows: Ever}' commissioned officer who holds a stall' appointment which gives the rank of captain, or any higher grade, one. Sec. 10. That no officer shall be permitted to employ as a servant any soldier from the line of the Army, and that the servants of officers, not exceeding the number allowed by the preceding section, shall be mustered with the same corps of the Army, and that on the muster rolls formed in consequence thereof payments shall be made in money to the officers emplo3'ing them in lieu of wages, subsistence, and cloth- ing, by the pa_ymasters of the several corps or districts where stu-h servants are mustered, at the rate allowed to privates of infantry, which shall Ije published to the Army annually by the Secretary for the Department of War. Act of March 3, 1816 (3 Stats., AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. Sec. 6. That to each conunissioned officer who shall l)e deranged l)y virtue of this act there shall be allowed and paid, in 'addition to the pay and emoluments to which they will be entitled by law at the time of his discharge, three months' pay. 28 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF V. S. ARMY. Act of April H, 18 10 (->' Stats, 297). AN ACT for organizing tiie general staff and making further provisions for the Armv of the United States. Sec. 9. That the several officers of the stafi' shall respectively receive the pay and eniolimients and retain all the privileges secured to the stall' of the Arm}'' by the act of March third, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, and not incompatil)le with the provisions of this act; and that the regulations in force before the reduction of the Army be recognized, as far as the same shall be found applica1)lc to the serv- ice, subject, however, to such alterations as the Secretary of War may adopt, with the approbation of the President, Sec. 10. That . . . hereafter the staff of the Armj^ may l)e taken from the line of the Army, or from citizens. * * -X- Sec. 12. That when forage is not drawn in kind by officers of the Army entitled thereto, eight dollars per month for each horse, not exceeding the number authorized by existing regulations, shall be allowed in lieu thereof: Provided., That neither forage nor money shall be drawn by officers but for horses actually kept by them in service: Provided also., That none except company officers shall be allowed to take as servants or waiters soldiei's of the Army, find that all officers be allowed, for each private servant actually kept in serv- ice, not exceeding the number authorized by existing regulations, the pay, rations, and clothing of a private soldier, or money in lieu thereof, on a certificate setting forth the name and description of the servant or servants in the pa}" account. Act of Alarcli 3, 1817 {3 Stats., 394). AN ACT to amend an Act entitled "An Act making further provision for military services during the late war, and foi- otiier purposes." Sec. 2. That the provisions contained in an Act, entitled "An Act fixing the military peace establishment of the United States,*^ passed on the third of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, grant- ing to the commissioned officers of the liegidar Army, who were derajiged )»y said Act, three months' pav in addition to the pay and emoluments to which they were entitled by law at the time of their discharge, shall equally extend to . . . warrant officers of the staff of the Regular Army, who were deranged by the before recited Act, except those provisionall}^ retained by the President of the United States. * * * Act of March 18, 1818 (f Stats., 410). AN ACT to i)r()vide for certain persons engaged in the land and naval service of the United States, in the Revolutionary War. That every conmiissioned officer, noncommissioncul otKcer . who served in the War of the Revolution until the end thereof, or for the term of nine months, or longer, at any period of the war, on the GENERAL PROVISIONS. 29 Continental cstablifshment . . . who is yet a resident of the United States, and who is, or hereafter, 1)}' retlson of his reduced circumstances in life, shall be, in need of assistance from his country for support, and shall have substantiated his claim to a pension in the manner herein directed, shall receive a pension from the United States; if an otficer, of twenty dollars per month during life; if a noncommissioned officer . of eight dollars per month during- life; l^rovided., No person shall be entitled to the provisions of this Act, until he shall have relin- quished his claim to every pension heretofore allowed him by the laws of the United States. Act ofApr'tl II,., 1818 {3 Stats., J^26). AN ACT reKulatina; the staff of the Arinv. Sec. 4. That to each commissioned officer who shall be deranged by virtue of this Act, there shall be allowed and paid, in addition to the pay and emoluments to which the}^ will be entitled hj law, at the time of their discharge, three months' pay and emoluments. . . Act of AprU 16, 1818 (S Stats., 4.37). AN ACT rcguhitinir the pay and eniohxnients of Ijrevet officers. vv * vv- Skc. 2. Tliat no brevet commission shall hereafter be conferred but by and w ith the advice and consent of the Senate. Act of May 1, 1820 {3 Stats., 567). AN ACT in addition lo the several acts for the establishment and regulation of the Treasury-, War, and Navy Departments. -X- * -x- Skc. t). That no contract' shall hereafter be made by the Secretary . . . of the Department of A^'ar. . . . except under a law authorizing the same, or under an appropriation adequate to its ful- filment. . Act of July 5, 1838 {5 Stats., 266). AN ACT to increase the jjresent niiUtary estal)lishment of the United States, and for other purposes. •X- -x- * Sec. 15. That every commissioned officer of the . . . staff, exclusive of general officers, shall be entitled to receive one addi- tional ration per diem for every live years he may have served or shall serve in the Army of the United States. . . . * * * ^Excepthig contracts for the subsistence and clothing of the Army. 30 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act ofJnly 7, 1SS8 {f> Stat><., 308). AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight. That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same herel\y is, explained, limited, and modified as follows: First. Nothing contained in the said act shall be so construed as to allow to an}^ officer additional rations for time past, commonl}^ called back rations. * * * .Act of March 3, 1839 {5 Stats., 339). AN ACT making appropriations for the civil and diplomatic expenses of the Gov- ernment for the year eighteen hundred and thirty-nine. * * * Sec. 3. That no officer in any branch of the public service, or any other persons whose salaries, or whose pay or emoluments is or are fixed by law and regulations, shall receive any extra allowance or compensation in any form whatever for the disbursement of public money, or the performance of any other service, unless the said extra allowance or compensation be authorized by law; nor shall any execu- tive officer, other than the heads of departments, apply more than thirty dollars, annually, out of the contingent fund under his control, to pay for newspapers, pamphlets, periodicals, or other books or prints not necessar}^ for the business of his office. Act of August 23, 18^2 {o Stats., 508). AN ACT making appropriations for the suj^port of the Army, and of the MilitaTy Academy, for the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-two. * -X- * Sec. 2. That no officer in any branch of the public service, or any other person whose salary, pay, or emoluments is or are fixed by law or regulations, shall receive any additional pa}^ extra allowance, or compensation, in any form Avhatever, for the disbursement of public money, or for any other service or duty whatsoever, unless the same shall be authorized by law, and the appropriation therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such additional pa}^, extra allowance, or com- pensation. * * * Act of June 18, 181^6 {9 Stats., 17). AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for other purposes. -y.- * x- Sec. 7. . . . that appointments ... in the general staff, which confer Cijual rank in the Army, shall not ])e held by the same officer at the same time; and when any officer of the staff who may have been taken from the line shall, in virtue of seniority, have GENERAL PROVISIONS. 31 obtained or be entitled to promotion to a grade in his regiment equal to the commission he may hold in the staff', the said officer shall vacate such staff conmiission, or he mav, at his option, vacate his commission in the line. Act of March 3, 181^7 {9 Stats., 188). AN ACT to establish certain post routes, and for other purposes. Sec. 4. That all letters, newspapers, and other packets, not exceed- ing in weight one ounce, directed to any officer ... of the Army of the United States in Mexico, or at any post or place on the frontier of the United States bordering on Mexico, shall be conveyed in the mail free of postage. Sec. 5. That the two preceding sections shall continue in force dur- ing the present war, and for three months after the same may be terminated, and no longer. Act of March 3, 1851 {9 Stats., 618). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two. . . . Provided, That all promotions in the stall' department or corps shall be made as in other corps of the Army. Act of August 31, 1852 {10 Stats., 76). AN ACT making appropriation for tlie civil and diplomatic expenses of the Govern- ment for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and fifty-three, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 8. That it shall not be lawful for the officer ... in charge of any bureau ... in any of the departments of the Govern- ment to print, or cause to be printed, at the pu])lic expense, any report ho may make to the President of the United States, or to the head of any of the departments. Act of February 21, 1857 {11 Stats., 163). AN ACT to increase the pay of the officers of the Army. That from and after the commencement of the present fiscal year the pay of each commissioned officer of the Army, including military storekeepers, shall be increased twenty dollars per month, and that the commutation price of officers' subsistence shall be thirty cents per ration. 32 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of AngwHt 3, 1861 {12 Stats., 387). AN ACT proviilintr for the better organization of the military establishment. * x- * Sec. 15. That any commissioned officer of the Army . . . who shall have served as such for forty consecutive years, may, upon his own application to the President of the United States, be placed on the list of retired officers, with the pay and emolument allowed by this act. Sec. 10. That if an}^ commissioned officer of the Army . . . shall have become incapable of performing- the duties of his office, he shall be placed upon the retired list and withdrawn from active service and command and from the line of promotion, with the following pay and emoluments, namel}^ the pay proper of the highest rank held by him at the time of his retirement, whether by staff . . . commis- sion, and four rations per day, and without any other pay, emoluments, or allowances. Sec. 17. That, in order to carry out the provisions of this act, the Secretary of War, . . . under the direction and approval of the President of the United States, shall, from time to time, as occasion ma}^ require, assemble a board of not more than nine, nor less than five commissioned officers, two-fifths of whom shall be of the medical staff; the board, except those taken from the medical stafi^, to be com- posed, as far as may l)e, of his seniors in rank, to determine the facts as to the nature and occasion of the disability of such officers as appear disaljled to perform such military service, such board being hereby invested with the powers of a court of inquiry and court-mar- tial, and their decision shall l)e subject to like revision as that of such courts by the President of the United States. Sec. 18. That the officers partially retired shall be entitled to wear the uniform of their respective grades, shall continue to be borne upon the Army Reg'ister, . . . and shall ))e subject to the rules and articles of war, and to trial ))y general court-martial for any breach of the said articles. -::- -A- * Sec, 20. That officers of the Army, when absent from their appro- priate duties for a period exceeding six months, either with or with- out leave, shall not receive the allowances authorized b}^ the existing- laws for servants, forage, transportatioii of baggage, fuel, and quar- ters, either in kind or in commutation. * X- -Jfr Sec. 25. That retired officers of the Army . . . may be assigned to such duties as the President may deem them capable of performing, and such as the exigencies of the public service may require. - Act of AmjHd o, 1861 {12 Stats., 316). AN ACT making api)r(>priatiMns for rutilieations, and for other purposes. * * -x- Sec. 2. That any commissioned officer of the Army, . . . who, having tendered his resignation, shall, prior to due notice of the acceptance of the sann* 1)\' the proper authority, and without leave, GENERAL PKOVISIONS. 33 shall quit his post or proper duties with the intention to remain per- manently absent therefrom, shall be registered as a deserter and pun- ished as such. Act of July '£, 1862 {12 Stafs., 502). AN ACT to prescribe an oath of office, and for other purposes. That hereafter everv^ person . . . appointed to any office of honor or profit under the Government of the United States, . . . in the . . . military, . . . departments of the public service, excepting the President of the United States, shall, before entering upon the duties of such office, and before being entitled to any of the salary or other emoluments thereof, take and subscribe to the following oath or affirmation: ""I, A. B., do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a citizen thereof ; that I have voluntarily given no aid, coun- tenance, counsel, or encouragement to persons engaged in armed hos- tility thereto; that I have neither sought nor accepted nor attempted to exercise the functions of any office whatever under any authority or pretended authority in hostility to the United States; that I have not jaelded a voluntary support to any pretended government, authority, power, or constitution within the United States, hostile or inimical thereto. And I do further swear (or affirm) that, to the best of my knowledge and ability, I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freel}", without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter, so help me God;" which said oath, so taken and signed, shall be preserved among the tiles of the . . . Department to which the said office may appertain. And any person w^ho shall falsely take the said oath shall be guilty of perjury, and on conviction, in addition to the penalties now prescri])ed for that offense, shall Ik; deprived of his office and rendered incapable forever after of holding any office or place under the United States. Act of July 17, 1862 {12 Stats., 59J^). AN ACT to define the pay and einokmients of certain- officers of the Army, and for other purposes. That officers of the Army entitled to forage for horses shall not be allowed to commute it, but may draw forage in kind for each horse actually kept by them when and at the place where they are on duty, not exceeding the number authorized by law: Provided., hmoever., That when forage iu kind can not be furnished by the proper department, then, and in all such cases, officers entitled to forage may commute the same according to existing regulations. Skc. 2. That major-generals shall be entitled to draw forage in kind for live horses; brigadier-generals for four horses; colonels, lieu- tenant-colonels, and majors for two horses each; captains and lieu- tenants . . . having the cavalry allowance for two horses each. S. Doc. 229 3 Sec. 3. That whenever an officer of the Army shall employ a .soldier for his servant, he shall, for each and every month during which said soldier shall be so employed, deduct from his own monthly pay the full amount paid to or expended by the Government per month on Sec. 7. That in lieu of the present rate of mileage allowed to officers of the Army when travelling on public duty, where transportation in kind is not furnished to them by the Government, not more than six cents per mile shall hereafter be allowed, unless where an officer is ordered from a station east of the Rocky Mountains to one west of the same mountains, or vice versa, when ten cents per mile shall be allowed to him; and no officer of the Army , . . of the United States shall be paid mileage except for travel actuallj^ performed at his own expense and in obedience to orders. * -x- * Sec. 12. That whenever the name of any officer of the Army . . . shall have been borne on the Army Register . . . forty-live ^^ears, or he shall he of the age of sixty-two years, it shall be in the discretion of the President to retire him . . . ; and the President is hereby authorized to assign an}" officer retired under this section or the act of August third, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, to any appropriate dut}'; and such officer thus assigned shall receive the full pay and emoluments of his grade while so assigned and employed. March .8, 1863 {12-709). — Under section 42 the franking privilege was conferred on chiefs of bureaus or chief clerks, under regulations to be prescribed by the Post- master-General. The act of June 1, 1864, authorized franked matter to be conveyed free of postage without being indorsed "official business" or with the name of the writer. June 11, 1SG4 (13-123). — Heads of bureaus prohibited from receiving pay far their services in any matter where the United States is a party. Act of March 3^ 1865 {IS Statu. , Jf87) AN ACT to amend the several acts heretofore passed to provide for the enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes. That the measure of allowance for pay of an officer's servant is the pay of a private soldier as fixed by law at the time; that no noncom- missioned officer shall be detailed or employed to act as a servant, nor shall an}" private soldier be so detailed or employed except with his own consent; that for each soldier employed as a servant by any officer there ehall be deducted from the monthly pay of such officer the full monthh' pay and allowances of the soldier so employed; and that, including any soldier or soldiers so employed, no officer shall be allowed for any greater luunber of servants than is now provided by law, nor be allowed for any servant not actually and in fact in his employ. GENERAL PRUViyiONS. 35 Act of March ;?, 1865 {13 Stats., 1^95). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending thirtietli June, eighteen hundred and sixty-six.^ ■X- * * Sec. 3. That from and after the first day of March, eighteen hun- dred and sixty-five, and during the continuance of the present rebellion, the commutation price of ofiicers' subsistence shall be fifty cents per ration: Provided, That said increase shall not apply to the commuta- tion price of the rations of any officer above the rank of brevet brigadier-general, or of an}^ officer entitled to commutation for fuel and quarters. * * * Sec. 5. That commissioned officers of the Arm}', serving in the field, shall hereafter be permitted to purchase rations for their own use on credit from an}" commissary of subsistence at cost prices, and the amount due for rations so purchased shall be reported monthly to the Paymaster-General, to be deducted from the payment next following such purchase. And the Secretary of War is here))y directed to issue such orders and regulations as he may deem best calculated to insure the proper observance thereof. * * * Act of July 13, 1866 {U Stats., 90). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending thirtieth of June, eighteen liundred and sixty-seven, and for other purposes. * * -x- Sec. 8. That the allowance now made by law to officers travelling under orders where transportation is not furnished in kind shall be increased to ten cents per mile. Act of July 28, 1866 (i^ Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and tix tlie military peace establishment of the United States. •X- -X- * Sec. 25. (The Subsistence Department to sell, at cost, to the officers and men such articles as may be designated from time to time by the inspectors-general of the Army) and if not paid for when purchased a true account thereof shall be kept and the amount due the Govern- ment sliall be deducted bv the paymaster at the payment next follow- ijig such })urchase: Provided, That this section shall not go into eti:'ect until the first day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven. * * * Se(\ 82.^ That officers of the Regular Army entitled to be retired on account of disability occasioned l)y wounds received in battle may be retired upon the full rank of the connuand hold by them, whether in the regular or volunteer service at the time such wounds were received. -X- * * ^Section 6 authorizes 1 pound of tobacco per month to be issued to enlisted men at cost prices exclusive of cost of transi)ortation. ''■ Repealed by act of June 10, 1872. 36 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S, ARMY. Sec. 35. That the third section of the act entitled "An act makinj^ appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending- thir- tieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty -six," shall continue in force for one year from the passage of this act: Provided^ That no officer who is furnished with quarters in kind shall be entitled to receive the increased commutation of rations hereby authorized. Act of March ^, 1867 {IJ^ StaU., ^«?^). AN ACT tij iiruvide for a teinporary increase of the pay of officers in the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * That for two years from the first day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, all officers of the Army below the rank of major-general . . . shall be paid an addition of thirty-three and one-third pei' centum to their present pay proper; . . . * -X- * Sec. 9. That section fifteen of the "Act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes,'' approved June fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty -eight, be amended so that general officers shall not hereafter be excluded from receiving the additional ration for every five years' service; and it is hereby further provided that officers on the retired list of the Army shall have the same allowance of additional rations for everj" five years' service as officers in active service. March 2, 1867 {14-434) • — In computing length of service of any officer, he shall be credited with the time he actually served, continuously or at different periods, in the Regular Army, or in the volunteer service since April 19, 1861. First section of act of March 3, 1865, relative'to pay of an officer's servant, not to be construed as retrospective or retroactive in its operation. March 2, 1867 {14-517). — Brevet rank may be conferred (ju officers for gallant, meritorious or faithful conduct in the volunteer service prior to their ai^pointment in the Regular Army. Resolution of July 25, 1868 {15 Stats., 261). A RESOLUTION granting permission to officers and soldiers to wear the T)adge of the corps in which they served during the rebellion. That all who served as officers, noncommissioned officers, privates, or other enlisted men in the Regular Army, volunteer or militia forces of the United States during the war of the rebellion . . . shall be entitled to wear on occasions of ceremony the distinctive uruiy badge ordered or adopted by the army corps and division, respectively, in which they served. March 1, 1869 {15-280). — Franking privilege can only be exercised ))y written autograph signature. Act rs selected from the medical corps, shall be composed, as far as may be, of seniors in rank to the officer whose disability is inquired of. * * * Sec. 1255. Officers retired from active service shall be withdrawn from . . . the line of ])r()m<)tion. Sec. 1250. Officers i-etii^vl jrom active service shall be entitled to 40 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKI' OF GENKKAL STAFF OF U. S. AKMY. wear the uniform of the rank on which they may ])e retired. They shall continue to be borne on the Army Register, and .shall be subject to the rules and articles of war, and to trial by general court-martial for any breach thereof. * * -X- Sec. 1259. Retired officers of the Army may be assigned to duty at the Soldiers' Home, upon a selection by the commissioners of that insti- tution, approved by the Secretary of War; and a retired officer shall not be assignable to any other duty: Provideih That they receive from the Government only the pay and emoluments allowed by law to retired officers. * * * Sec. 1261. The officers of the Army shall be entitled to the pay herein stated after their respective designations: * * * Major-general, seven thousand live hundred dollars a year. Brigadier-general, five thousand five hundred dollars a year. Colonel, three thousand five hundred dollars a year. Lieutenant-colonel, three thousand dollars a j^ear. Major, two thousand five hundred dollars a year. Captain, mounted, two thousand dollars a year. w * * First lieutenant, mounted, sixteen hundred dollars a year. Second lieutenant, mounted, fifteen hundred dollars a year. * * * All other storekeepers, tw^o thousand dollars a year. Sec. 1262. There shall be allowed and paid to each commissioned officer below the rank of lu'igadier-general, including . . . others having assimilated rank or pay, ten per centum of their current yearly pay for each term of five years pf service. Sec. 1263. The total amount of such increase for length of service shall in no case exceed forty per centum on the yearly pay of the grade as provided by law. Sec. 1261:. Brevets conferred upon commissioned officers shall not entitle them to any increase of pay. * * * Sec. 1267. In no case shall the pay of a colonel exceed four thou- sand five hundred dollars a year, or the pay of a lieutenant-colonel exceed four thousand dollars a year. Sec. 1268. The sums hereinbefore allowed shall be paid in monthly payments by the paymaster. Sec. 1269. No allowances shall be made to officers in addition to their pay except as hereinafter provided. Sec. 1270. Fuel, quarters, and forage may be furnished in kind to officers, by the Quartermaster's Department, according to law and regulations: Provided^ howeve7\ That when forage in kind can not be furnished by the proper departnu^nts, then and in all such cases officers entitled to forage may commute the same according to existing regulations: . Sec. 1271. Forage in kind may be furnished to officers by the quar- termasters' corps, as follows: Major-general, for five horses. Brigadier-general, for four horses. GENERAL PKOVISIONS. 41 Colonel, for two horses. Lieuteiiiint-coloiiel, for two horses. Major, for two horses. Captains and lieutenants, mounted, for two horses. * * * All other storekeepers, for two horses. Sec. 1272. Forage shall be allowed to officers only for horses author- ized by law, and actually kept by them in service when on duty and at the place where they are on duty. Sec. 1273. When any officer travels under orders, and is not fur- nished transportation by the Quartermaster's Department, or on a conveyance belonging to or chartered by the United States, he shall be allowed ten cents a mile, and no more, for each mile actually traveled under such order, distances to be calculated according to the nearest post routes; and no payment shall be made to any officer except by a paymaster of the Army. Sec. 1274. Officers retired from active service shall receive seventy- live per centum of the pay of the rank upon which they are retired, * * * Sec. 1296. The President may prescribe the uniform of the Army and the quantity and kind of clothing which shall be issued annually to the troops of the United States. * * * Sec. 1299. The amount due from any officer for rations purchased on credit, or for any articles designated by the inspectors-general of the Army and purchased on credit from commissaries of subsistence, shall be deducted from the payment made to him next after such sale shall have been reported to the Paymaster-General. * * x- Sec. 1779._ No executive officer, other than the heads of Departments, shall apply more than thirty dollars annually, out of the contingent fund under his control, to pay for newspapers, pamphlets, periodicals, or other books or prints not necessary for the business of his office. * * * Sec. 3788. No officer in charge of any bureau or office in any Depart- ment shall cause to be printed, at the public expense, an}^ report he may make to the President or to the head of the Department, except as provided for in this title. [Public Printing.] Sec. 3789. No printing or binding shall be done, or blank books furnished . . . for any of the Executive Departments, except on a written requisition by tlie head of such Department, or one of his assistants. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of Jim e 1S\ 1878 {W Stats., IJ/S). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine, and for other purposes. -X- * x- Sec. 8. Allowance of or conn nutation for fuel to commissioned offi- cers is hereby prohibited; but i'lid may l»e furnished to the officers of 42 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. the Army l>y the Qnarterinaster's Department, for the actual use of such officers only, at the rate of three dollars per cord for standard oak wood, or at an equivalent rate for other kinds of fuel, according to the reo'ulations now in existence; and forage in kind may be fur- nished to the officers of the Army, by the Quartermaster's Depart- ment, onl}'^ for horses owned and actually kept by such officers in the performance of their official militaiy duties when on duty with troops in the held or at such military posts west of the Mississippi River, as may be from time to time designated ])y the Secretary of War, and not otherwise, as follows: * * * To a major-general, three horses. To a brigadier-general, three horses. To a colonel, two horses. To a lieutenant-colonel, two horses. To a major, two horses. To a captain (mounted), two horses. To a lieutenant (mounted), two horses. * * * Sec. U. That at all posts and stations where there are public quarters belonging to the United States, officers may be furnished with quar- ters in kind in such public quarters, and not elsewhere, hy the Quar- termaster's Department, assigning to the officers of each grade, respectively, such number of rooms as is now allowed to such grade by the rules and regulations of the Army: P/'ovlded, That at places where there are no public quarters commutation therefor maybe paid ])y the Pay Department to the officer entitled to the same, at a rate not exceeding ten dollars per room per month. * -X- x- Sec. 13. That from and after the passage of this act all promotions ia the Army, in each and every grade, . . . corps and d(>part- ment thereof, shall cease; and thereafter no promotions or appoint- iiKMits shall ])e made to till any vacancy which may occur, or be created therein, until after such report shall be made and acted upon by Congress. Act of Jnve 30, 1882 {22 StaU.. 117). AN ACT making appropriations for the snpportof the Army for the fiscal yearondino: Jnn(> thirtietli, eightei'n luindred and eighty-three, and for other jmrposes. . . . And j>Tovided further. That on or after the passage of this act, when an officer has served forty years either as an officer or soldier in the regular or volunteer service, or both, he shall, if he make appli- cation therefor to the President, be retired from active service and l)laced on the retired list, and when an officer is sixty-four years of age he shall be retired from active service and placed on the retired list. . . . * * * GENERAL PROVISIONS. 43 Arf of Jxne SO, 1SS6 {:2J^ Sfals., 93). AN ACT uuikintj; apiiroiiriations for the support of the Army fortlie fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen liundred and eighty-seven, and for other purposes. * * * . That . . . the maximtini .siini to be allowed and paid [for inileao'e] shall be four cents per mile, . . , and in addition thereto the cost of transportation, exclusiv^e of sleeping or parlor-cur fare; . . . * * * Act of Fehruary 9, 1887 {U Stats., 394). AN ACT making appropriations for tlie support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, and for other purposes. * -x- -;;- . . . That . . . the maximum sum to be allowed and paid to an officer [for mileage] shall be four cents per mile, . . . and . . . upon the officer's certificate that it was not practicable to obtain transportation from the Quartermaster's Department, the cost of the transportation actuall}^ paid ])y the officer . . . , exclusive of sleeping- or parlor car fare and transfers: And jwovided further., That when any officer so traveling shall travel in whole or in part on any railroad on which the troops and supplies of the United States are entitled to be transported free of charge, he shall l)e allowed for him- self only four cents per mile as a sul)sistence fund for every mile nec- essarily traveled over any such last-named railroad; . * * * Act of Sejytemher 22, 1888 {25 Stats., 4,81). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes. * * -X- . . . That the transportation furnished by the Quartermaster's Department to officers traveling without troops shall be limited to transportation in kind, not including sleeping or parlor car accommo- dations, over free roads, over bond-aided Pacific railroads, and by conveyance belonging to the said Department; . -X * * March 2, 1880 {25-825). — The act of this date omits the re()uirement as to the cer- tificate of the officer. Resolution , 1890 {26 Stat.s.. 081). JOINT RESOLUTION granting permission to officers and enlisted men of the Army and Navy of the LTnited States to wear the badges adopted by military societies of men who served in the war of the Revolution, the war of eighteen hundred and twelve, the Mexican war, and the war of the rebellion. That the distinctive badges adopted by military societies of men who served in the armies . . . of the United States in the war of the Revolution, the war of eighteen hundred and twelve, the Mexican war, and the war of the rebellion, respectivel}', may be worn upon all 44 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. occasions of ceremoii}" by officers and enlisted men of the Army . . . of the United States, who are members of said organizations in their own right. Act of October 1, 1890 (26 Stats., 562). AN ACT to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and to regu- late promotions therein. That hereafter promotion to every grade in the Army below the rank of brigadier-general, throughout each . . . corps or depart- ment of the service, shall, subject to the examination hereinafter pro- vided for, be made according to seniority in the next lower grade of that . . . corps or department. Act ofAiujust 5, 1892 {27 Stats., SJi9). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and for other purposes. * * * No printing and binding shall be done by the Public Printer for the several Executive . . . Departments of the Government in any fiscal year in excess of the allotment for such Departments, and none shall 1)6 done without a special requisition, signed by the chief of the Department and tiled with the Public Printer. . . . Heads of Executive Departments shall direct whether reports made to them by bureau chiefs . . . shall be printed or not. No report, document, or publication of any kind distributed by or from ... or bureau of the Government shall contain any notice that the same is sent with "the compliments" of an officer of the Government. -X- * * March 2, 1897 {29-609). — This act simply provides that tlie maximum sum to be allowed for mileage shall be four cents per mile. Act of March 15, 1898 {30 Stats., 318). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen Imndred and ninety-nine. -X- -A- -X- . . . That the maximum sum to be allowed and paid to any offi- cer of the Army shall be seven cents per mile. . . . Provided further, That when any officer so traveling shall travel in whole or in part on any railroad on which the troops and supplies of the United States are entitled to be transported free of charge, or over any of the l)ond-aided Pacitic railroads, or over the railroad of any railroad company which is entitled to receive only tif ty per centum of the com- pensation earned ])y such company for transportation services rendered to the United States, he shall be furnished with a transportation request by the Quartermaster's Department for such travel; and the cost of the transportation so furnished shall be a charge against the officer's mileage account, ... to ))e deducted ... at rates paid by the general public, . . . ProrJdedfurtlier, That officers who, by \ genp:ral rKovisioisrs. 45 reason of tho decision of the accountino" offii'ers of the Treasury, have been compelled to pay from their own means one-half of the cotst of their travel fare over railroads known as tifty per centum roads, shall be reimbursed the same. . . . Act of April 22, 1898 {30 Stat.s., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. * * ■;:■ Sec. 10. . . . The staff officers herein authorized for the corps, division, and brigade couimanders may be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, as officers of the Volunteer Army, or may be assigned hy him, in his discretion, from officers of the Regular Army, or tlie Volunteer Army, or of the militia in the service of the United States: Provided, That when relieved from such staff' service said appointments or assignments shall terminate.^ Act of May 28, 1808 (30 Stats., 421). AN ACT to amend sections ten and thirteen of an act entitled " An Act to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes," approved April twenty-second, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. That so much of section ten of the act approved April twenty-second, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, entitled "An Act to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes,"" as provides that "officers appointed or assigned to the staff' of commanders of army corps, divisions, and brigades shall serve only in such capacity, and that when relieved from suc-h staff' service such appointments or assignments shall terminate," be, and the same is hereby, repealed, and that assignments of the officers of the volunteer staff' shall be governed by the same rules and regulations as those of the Regular Army. Act ofjfarch 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efhciency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. •X- -X- * Sec. 7. . . . That in time of var retired officers of the Army may, in the discretion of the President, l)e employed on active duty, other than in the command of troops, and when so employed they shall receive the full pay and allowances of their grades. . . . * * * Sec. 14. . . . Provided, That for each Regular Army officer of a staff" corps or department who may be retained in or appointed to a ^For designation of staff oHi^'ers, see .\djutant-General, Inspector-General, Judge- Advocate-G'eneral, Quartermaster-General, Commissary-Geueral, Surgeon-General, and Engineers. 46 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY. higher vohmteor rank in said statf corps or department than that actu- ally held by him in the regular establishment there may l)e appointed one officer of volunteers of the lowest grade mentioned in this section for such staff corps or department, but no appointment will be made which will increase the total numlier of officers, regular and volunteer, serving in any grade above the number authorized l)y this act: And ■provided aho^ That all the volunteer ataflP officers herein authorized to be appointed or retained in the service shall be honorabh' discharged on fluly first, nineteen hundred and one, or sooner if their services are no longer required: And provided further^ That the officers herein authorized shall l)e appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.^ Sec. 15. . . . Provided also^ That each and every provision of this act shall continue in force until July first, nineteen hundred and one; and on and after that date all the . . . staff . . . officers appointed to the Army under this act shall l)e discharged, and the members restored in each grade to those existing at the passage of this act: . . . And provided fit rtlier^ That no officer who has been, or may be, promoted under existing law, or under the rules of seniority, shall be disturbed in his rank. Act of March 3, 1899 (.30 Stats., 1064). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of tlie Regular and Volunteer Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred. ■/c * * . . . That actual expenses only shall l)e paid to officers when traveling to and from our island possessions in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. * * * Act of May '26, 1900 {31 Stats., — ). AN ACT making approjiriations for the supi)ort of the Regular and Volunteer Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and one. 7t- * * For mileage to officers . . . Provided further. That officers who so desire may, upon application to the Quartermaster's Depart- ment, be furnished with transportation requests, exclusive of sleeping and parlor car acconmiodations, for the entire journey under their orders; and the transportation so furnished shall be a charge against the officer's mileage account, to be deducted at the rate of three cents per mile. . . . J.;i(i w'6»wc?y the Quartermaster's Department, or when the established route of travel is over any of the railroads above specified, there shall l)e deducted from the officer's mileag-e account ])y the pay- master paying- the same three cents per mile for the distance for which transportation has been or should have been furnished: And j)i'<>vlded fu7iJiei\ That actual expenses only shall be paid to officers for sea travel when traveling, as herein provided for, to, from, or between our island possessions: Provided aUo^ That hereafter when an officer shall be discharged from the service, except by way of punishment for an otfense. he shall receive for travel allowances from the place of his discharge to the place of his residence at the time of his appoint- ment or to the place of his original muster into the service, four cents per mile. . . . That for sea travel on discharge, to, from, or lietween our island possessions, actual expenses only shall be paid to officers. * * * Provided^ That hereafter the pay proper of all officers . . . serving in Porto Rico, Cu])a, the Philippine Islands, ILawaii, and in the Territory of Alaska shall be increased ten per centum for officers. ... * * * That the act approved Jan uar}' twelfth, eighteen hundred and ninety- nine, granting ''extra pay to officers and enlisted men of the United States Volunteers," shall extend to all volunteer officers of the general stall' who have not received waiting-orders pay prior to discharge, at the rate of one month to those who did not serve beyond the limits of the United States and two months to those who served beyond the limits of the United States; ... * * * Two months' extra pay, on discharge, to those who had served faith- fully beyond the limits of the United States, and one month's extra pay to those who had served within the limits of the United States. Act of Fehruary ",3, 1901 {31 Stats. ^ — ). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent niiUtary estabhshment of the United States. * x- * Sec. 26. . . . That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of an}' staff corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, offi- cers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled 1)y the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided b}' law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now provided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall subse(|uently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allow- ances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department 48 LEC4ISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. chief: Provided^ That so long as there remain in service officers of an}'^ stafi' corps or department holding permanent appointments, the chief of such stall' corps or department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. * * * Sec' 34. That all officers who have served during the war with Spain, or since, as officers of the Regular or Volunteer Army of the United States, and have been honorably discharged from the service by resig- nation or otherwise, shall be entitled to bear the official title and, upon occasions of ceremony, to wear the uniform of the highest grade they have held by brevet or other commission in the regular or volunteer service. * * * Sec. 41. That the distinctive badges adopted hy military societies of men ''who served in the armies and navies of the United States during the Spanish-American war and the incident insurrection in the Fhilip]>ines'"' may be worn upon all occasions of ceremony by officers and men of the Army and Navy of the United States who are members of said organizations in their own right. A(^t of March ^, 1901 {31 StaU., —). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June tlairtieth, nineteen hundred and two. * * * . . . ProDided^ That leaves of absence which mav be granted officers of the Regular or Volunteer Army serving in the Territory of Alaska or without the limits of the United States, for the purpose of returning thereto, or which may have been granted such officers for such purpose since the thirteenth day of October, eighteen hundred and ninety -eight, shall be regarded as taking effect on the dates such officers reached or may have reached the United States, respectivelj^, and terminating, or as having terminated, on the respective dates of their departure from the United States in returning to their com- mands, as authorized by an order of the Secretary of War dated Octo- })er thirteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight: . . . Provided furtJier^ That any officer or enlisted man in the service of the United States who was discharged in the Philippine Islands and there reen- tered the service through commission or enlistment shall, when dis- charged, except l)y way of punishment for an offense, receive for travel allowances from the place of his discharge to the place in the United States of his last preceding appointment or enlistment, or to his home if he was appointed or enlisted at a place other than his home, four cents per mile: . . . That hereafter the paj^ proper of all officers . . . serving beyond the liniit.^ of the States comprising the Union, and the Territories of the Ignited States contiguous thereto, shall be increased ten per centum foi' officers . . . over and above the rates of pay proper as fixed l)y law for time of peace, and the time of such service shall be counted from the date of departure from said States to the date of return thereto: I^rovided fiirfJirt\ That the officers . . . who have served in China at any time since the twenty-sixth day of May, nineteen hundred, shall be allowed and paid for such service the same increase of pay proper as is herein provided for: . . . l.-THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. S. Doc. any ± ■ 49 THE ADJUTANT-OENERAL S DEPARTMENT. The Adjutant-General's Department eo nom'me was first established under the aet of March 3, 1813. From the disbandment of the Army in 1783 until the act of March 3, 1791, there was no regular Adjutant-General. The act of March 5, 1792, provided for an adjutant who should also do duty as inspector, and this dual function continued until the reorganization of the Army in 1821, which abolished the office of Adjutant and Inspector-General. This act, in effect, reduced the Adjutant-General's Department to one officer. There appears to have been no change in the legal status of the Department from that date to 1838, when, by the act of July 5 of that 3'ear, the President was empowered to appoint as many adjutant- generals, not exceeding six, as he might deem necessar3^ June 17, 1775. — Brig. Gen. (Maj. Gen., May 16, 1776) Horatio Gates (Virginia). June 5, 1776. — Col. Joseph Reed (Pennsylvania). Jan. 22, 1777. — Brig. Gen. Arthur St. Clair (Pennsylvania), Acting Adjutant-General. Feb. 20, 1777. — Brig. Gen. George Weedon (Virginia), Acting Adjutant-General. Apr. 19, 1777. — Col. Morgan Connor (Virginia), Acting Adjutant-General. June 18, 1777.— Col. Timothy Pickering^ (Massachusetts). Jan. 5, 1778. — Col. Alexander ScanimeP (Massachusetts). Jan. 8, 1781. — Brig. Gen. Edward Hand (Pennsylvania). Nov. 5, 1783. — Capt. William North, ^ Sixteenth Massachusetts Continental Infantry (Massachusetts), Acting Adjutant and Inspector. Oct. 18, 1787.— Ensign and Adjutant Ebenezer Denny, First American Regiment (Pennsylvania), Acting Adjutant-General. Nov. 7, 1790. — Lieut. John Pratt, First American Regiment (Connecticut), Acting Adjutant-General. Sept. — , 1791. — Lieut. Col. Winthrop Sargent,^ militia (Massachusetts), Acting Adjutant-General. Nov. 4, 1791. — Lieut. Ebenezer Denny, First Infantry (Pennsylvania), resumed duties of Acting Adjutant-General. Mar. 10, 1792. — Lieut. Henry De Butts, Fourth Infantry (Maryland), Acting Adju- tant and Inspector-General. Apr. 11, 1792. — Lieut. Col. Winthrop Sargent,* militia (Massachusetts). Feb. 23, 1793. — Maj. Michael Rudolph, Light Dragoons (Georgia). July 18, 1793. — Sublegionary Maj. and Inspector Edward Butler (Pennsylvania), Deputy pro tem. May 13, 1794. — Maj. John Mills, Second Sublegion (Massachusetts), Acting Adju- tant-General and Inspector. Feb. 27, 1796. — Maj. Jonathan Haskell, Fourth Sublegion (Massachusetts), Acting Adjutant-General and Inspector. ^ Colonel Pickering was elected a member of the Board of War November 7, 1777, l^ut continued to do duty as Adjutant-General until General Scammel's arrival Jan- uary 13, 1778. '''Colonel Scannnel resigned his staff appointment January 1, 1781, to take com- mand of the First New Hampshire Regiment, but remained at headquarters until relieved by General Hand January 12, 1781. •'On the general disbandment of the Continental Army, Captain North, who had been designated as insjH'ctorto the troops remaining in service, acted as adjutant and insj lector to October 2S, 17S7. 'Colonel SaigeTit declined llie apixvintinent, assigning as a reason that the office was not attended with sutlicient rank. 51 52 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Aug. 1, 1796. — Capt. Edward Butler, Fourth Sublegion (Pennsylvania), Acting Adjutant-General and Inspeetor. Feb. 27, 1797.— Maj. Thomas H. Gushing,^ First Infantry (Massachusetts). July 19, 1798.— Brig. Gen. William North (New York). ' Mar. 26, 1802.— Maj. Thomas H. Gushing,'-* First Infantry (Massachusetts), Adjutant and Inspector. Apr. 2, 1807.— Maj. Abimael Y. Nicoll, of the Artillerists (New York), Adjutant and Inspector. Apr. 28, 1812. — Lieut. Col. Alexander Macomb,^ engineers (New York), Acting Adjutant-General. July 6, 1812.— Brig. Gen. Thomas II. Gushing (Massachusetts). Mar. 12, 1813.— Brig. Gen. Zebulon M. Pike* (New York), Adjutant and Inspector- General. May 9, 1814.— Brig. Gen. William H. Winder (Maryland), Adjutant and Inspector- General. Nov. 22, 1814. — Brig. Gen. Daniel Parker'' (Massachusetts), Adjutant and Inspector- General. Aug. 13, 1821. — Gol. James Gadsden*"' (North Garohna). May 8, 1822. — Gapt. Gharles J. Nourse, Second Artillery (District of Cokimbia), Acting Adjutant-General. Mar. 7,1825. — Gol. Roger Jones (Virginia) . July 15, 1852. — Gol. Samuel Gooper (New York). Mar. 7, 1861. — Gol. (Brig. Gen., Augusts, 1861), Lorenzo Thomas (Delaware). Feb. 22, 1869.— Brig. Gen. Edward 1). Townsend (Massachusetts). June 15, 1880. — Brig. Gen. Richard G. Drum (Pennsylvania). June 7, 1889. — Brig. Gen. John G. Kelton (Pennsylvania). July 5, 1892. — Brig. Gen. Robert Williams (Virginia). Nov. 6, 1893. — Brig. Gen. George D. Ruggles (New York). Sept. 11, 1897. — Brig. Gen. Samuel Breck (Massachusetts). Feb. 25, 1898.— Brig. Gen. (Maj. Gen., June 6, 1900) Henry G. Gorbin (Ohio). ' The act of March 3, 1797, permitted the Brigadier-General (General in Ghief* to select his brigade major from the line of the Army. Major Gushing, not having relin- quished his rank in the infantry on being appointed inspector, was selected by Gen- eral Wilkinson and continued to perform the duties of inspector and adjutant until May 22, 1798. ^ The act of May 14, 1800, disbanded the adjutant-general, and the duties of adju- tant and inspector were performed, under detail, by Major Gushing (who resided in Washington) from June 15, 1800, to April 2, 1807. ^Golonel Macomb reheved Major Nicoll, April 28, 1812, having been directed in War Department order of that date "to perform the duties of Adjutant-General until fmiher orders." * General Pike was killed, after the capture of York, upper Ganada, by the explo- sion of a magazine April 27, 1813. From this time until May 19, 1814, the office remained vacant, the act of iMarch 3, 1813, having been construed to the effect that tliere could be but one Adjutant and Insi)ectoi--General, who must either bean officer appointed and confirmed to tliat office, or else be a brigadier-general especially des- ignated by the President to perform the functions. The affairs of the office were meanwhile administered by Maj. G. K. Gardner, Assistant Adjutant-General, until December 30, 1813, and from that date to May 28, 1814 (with the exception of the brief term of service of General Winder) by Gol. J. De B. Walbach, Adjutant-General, who was relieved at that date by Maj. John R. Bell, assistant inspector. ^General Parker was appointed Paymaster-General June 1, 1821. By general orders of that date from headquarters of the Army Lieut. E. Kirhy, aid-de-camp, was directed to perform the duties of Adjutant-General of the Army until fin-ther orders. ^Golonel Gadsden's appointment was not confirmed by tlie Senate and his com- mission expired March 22, 1822. On the following April 12 the President renomi- nated him for the office, but the Senate adhered to its original determination. THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S DEPAKTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. June 16, 1775. Rexolved, . . . That there be an Adjutant-General. That his pay be one hundred and twenty-tive dollars per month. Jtme 17, 1775. The Congress then proceeded to the choice of the officers in the Army by ballot. * * * Horatio Gates, esq., Adjutant-General. Resolved, That Horatio Gates, esq.,* now chosen Adjutant-General, shall have the rank of brigadier-general. July 9, 1775. — Announces appointment of Brig. Gen. Horatio Gates as Atljutant- General of the Army. {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) July 17, 1775. Resolved, That the convention of New York be desired to recom- mend to General Schuyler a proper person for a deputy adjutant- general, or brigade major for the Army in the New York Department. July 19, 1775. Resolved, . . . That it be left to General Washington, if he thinks fit, to appoint three brigade majors and commission them accordingly. July ^9, 1775. Reml/ved, That the pay of the ... be ... : Deputy adjutant-general, fifty dollars per do, (month). * * * Brigade major, thirty-three dollars per do. (month). August 15, 1775. — " Davi rations, . . . October 26, 1776. — "Capt. Ebenezer Huntington is to assist the Adjutant-General in regulating the duties and details of General Heath's division till further orders." (Order.'<, General Headquarters, White Plains.) October 29, 1776. — Alexander Scannnell, esqr., appointed assistant to the adjutant- general for General Lee's division. (Orders, General Headquarters, White Plains.) Mvetnher 19. 1776. Rexolved., [that weekly returns of all rations issued or paid l)e made by the Commissary-General or his deputies] to the Adjutant-General or his deputies, to be by him inserted in the general returns of the Army, and transmitted to Congress monthly. January 13, 1777. — "Till an Adjutant-General is appointed the duty of that office will be discharged by Cttlonel Weedon, who is obliging enough to undertake it pro temi)ore." (Orders, General Headquw'ters, Morrisloim.) January 17, 1777. — " Lieut, Isaac Budd Dunn isai)])ointed brigade major to Geneial St. Clair." (Orders, General Headquarters, Murristuim.) THE ADJUTANT-GENEEAl's DEPARTMENT. 57 February W, 1777. Hcmlvcd, That the President write to General Gates ana inform him it is the earnest desire of Cong'ress that he should resume the office of Adjutant-General, and that his present rank and pay shall be (■ontinued to him. Felruary 2^, 1777. Resolved^ That Thomas BuUit, esq., deputy adjutant-o-eneral, \\\\\q. the rank of a colonel in the Continental establishment. March 1, 1777. — "Isaac Budd Dunn, esqr., will do the duty of Adjutant-General pro tempore, and to be attended tu accordingly." {Orders, General Hcudquarlers, Mor- ristown. ) March 26, 1777. Ordered., That the President acquaint General Washington that Congress expect the office of Adjutant-General to be tilled by a speedy appointment of a person of abilities and unsuspected attachment to these United States, and recommend Colonel William Lee to his con- sideration for this purpose. April ^, 1777. Hesolved, . . . That the Adjutant-General be ordered to send monthly to the Board of War a copy of the abstracts [of all the musters, regimentally digested, and of the rations drawn or retained by the several regiments] which he received from the commissary -general of musters, together with an abstract of the returns of the Army. April 9, 1777. — "Major Dunn being obliged to attend Major-General St. Clair to Philadelphia, to which place he is called by Congress, Lieut. Colonel Connor will be obliging enough to discharge the duty of Adjutant-General pro tempore." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) April 11, 1777. Remlved, . . . That the pay of brigade majors in the Conti- nental Aruw be raised to 50 dollars a month. April 19, 1777. Re.Hohied., . . . That General Gates be empowered to appoint a deputy adjutant-general for the Northern Department. April 19, 1777. — Deputy Adjutant-General Trumbull's resignation was accepted. May 11, 7777.— "Benjamin Day, esqr., is appointed brigade major to General Wood- ford, and Sanuiel Shaw, esqr., is appointed l)rigade major to Brigadier-General Knox." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristovn.) Maij 13, 1777. — "William Johnson, esqr., formerly brigade major to General Lewis, is ajjpointcd to that duty in Brigadier-General Scott's Brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, Murrisluwn.) May Ik, 1777. Resolved J . . . [A major-general and a brigadier-general not hav- ing the command of a separate department shall each be allowed forage for six horses foi- themselves,] their . . . brigade majors . . . * * * 58 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. The Commander in Chief and the commander of any separate depart- ment shall be authorized to allow such quantities of forag-e, and for and during- such times, as they shall think proper, . . . to the Adjutant-Genei-al and his deputies, . . . : l^rovided (ihoai/s. That if any of the officers above mentioned, their deputies or assistants, should ])e allowed forage in consequence of any general orders here- after given, and should nevertheless not keep any or so many horses as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in such case no forage shall be issued for more horses than they really have, nor shall they at any time thereafter be allowed any forage, or back allowance, or an}" money in lieu thereof. May 16, 1777. — "Francis Swain, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier- General Muhlenberg." {Orders, Gmeral Headquarter !<, Morrhtown.) May 19, 1777. — "Thomas Mullens, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier- General De IBorre." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) Maip?0, 1777. — "Valentine Peers, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier- General Weedon." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristoum.) May 21, 1777. — "Michael Ryan, esqr. (late brigade major to the garrison of Tieon- derog'a and Fort Independence), is appointed to that duty in Brigadier-General Wayne's Brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, Monistown.) May 26, 1777. — "Peter Tarling, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier- General Conway." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) May ^7, 1777. Resolved, That if General Gates, before General Schuyler's arrival at Albany, shall have appointed a deputy adjutant-general, . . . for the Northern army, the said appointments l)e contirmed; if not, that General Schuyler'be empowered to make these appointments. May 29, 1777. — "Major Ryan, who has done the duty of the Adjutant-General for some days past, is now excused from that service." {Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook.) June 2, 1777. — "Until the arrival of Brigadier De Haas, the eldest officer in his brigade is to take the command, and John Harper, esqr., is appointed to the duty of brigade major in that brigade till further orders." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook. ) June 10. 1777. Resolved, . . . XXXIV. That no returns of rations drawn or returned by the several regiments be hereafter made by the . . . commissary-general of musters ... to the Adjutant-General, or by the Adjutant-General to the board of war, as directed in the regu- lations of the muster master general's department, passed by Congress the 4th day of April last. June 18, 1777. — "Timothy Pickering, esqr., is appointed Adjutant-General to the Continental Army. . . . The General begs Col. Connor to accept his thanks for his obliging and punctual discharge of the office for the time he has acted as such." {Orders, Genend Headqiutrfers, Middle Brook.) July 13, 2777.— "Thomas Fosdick, esqr., was on the first instant appointed brigade major to Brigadier-(7eneral Glover." Roger Alden, esqr., is appointed brigade major to Brigadier-General Huntington." {Orders, General Headquarters, Pompton Plains. ) July 17, 1777. Resolved, That General Spencer be informed, in answer to his letter of the 20th of May, that Congress confirm the appointment by him of William Peck, esq., deputy adjutant-general to the militia and State troops of Rhode Island, kept in Continental pay. THE adjutant-general's DEPARTMENT. 59 Aiigmt 2S, 1777. — "Joseph Scott, esqr., is appointed l)rigade major to General Muhlenlierp, in the room of Major Swaine, resigned." {Orders, General Headquar- ters, Wihiiiiigto)!.) Sejitembcr ;?, 1777. — "Mathew Smith, esqr., is appointed deputy adjutant-general in the Continental Army." [Orders, (reneral Headquarters, Wilmington.) Octobers, 1777. — "Lewis Fleury, esqr., is appointed brigade major to the Count Pulaski, brigadier-general of the Light Dragoons." "Thomas Mullens, esqr., is to act as brigade major to General Conway till further orders." {Orders, General Headq^iarters cd Wentz's, Worcester 7 oinis}iip.) October 6, 1777. — "Thomas Mullens, esqr., ajipointed the 3rd instant to act as brigade major to General Conway, is now, for his gallant behavior on the 4th instant, appointed brigade major to General Co^nway." {Orders, General Headquarters, Perkioing. ) October 11, 1777. — " Capt. Paul Parker, of Colonel Hartley's regiment, i.s appointed to do the duty of brigade major in General Wayne's brigade till further orders." {Orders, General Headquarters, Tovamensing.) October 14, 1777. — "Lyman Hitchcock, esqr., is appointed to do the duty of brigade major in the 2nd Maryland Brigade, late De Borre's." "Mr. John Lawson, adjutant to the Prince AVilliam Militia, is appointed to do the duty of l)rigade major in the brigade of militia under the command of Colonel Crawford." "Richard Emory, esq., is appointed to do the duty of brigade major in the First Maryland Brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, Towamensing.) October 26, 1777. — "Captain Thomas Patterson, of Col. Dayton's regiment, is ap- pointed brigade major (pro tempore) for General Maxwell's brigade." {Orders, Gen- ercd Headquarters, ]V hit pain.) October 20, 1777. — "Capt. McGowen is appointed to do the duty of brigade major in the brigade, late De Haas's." {Orders, General Headquarters, Whitpaia Tovmsliip.) Norendier 6, 1777. — Colonel James Wilkinson, Adjutant-General of Northern Army, being strongly recommended by General Gates as a "gallant officer and a promising miHtary genius," was, in consideration of his services in that department, given the brevet of brigadier-general. Xorei/tber 18, 1777. — "Richard Claiborne, esq., is appointed brigade major to Gen- eral Weedon's brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, White MarsJi.) December 26, 1777. — Henry McCormick, esq., appointed brigade major to the Pennsylvania brigade. ( Orders, General Hdqrs. ) No place given. .J(tnv((rg 2, 1778. — Adjutant Marvin, appointed brigade major pro tem. to Gen. Varnum's brigade. {Orders, General Headc/uarters.) No place given. January o, 1778. Congress proceoded to the election of an adjutant-general in the room of Colonel Pickering, who is called to the board of war, and, the ballots being taken, Colonel Alexander Scammel was unanimously elected. Janaarji 8, 1778. — John Berrien, appointed brigade major to the North Carolina brigade. {Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) January 12, 1778. — Lieut. Stagg, of Colonel Malcolm's regiment, appointed brigade major pro tem. in the brigade late General Conway's. {Orders, General Head- quarters, Valley Forge.) January IS^ 1778. Resolved., . . . That ... a deputy adjutant-general . . . be appointed to act pro tempore for the troops aforesaid [from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, con- stantly employed in Rhode Island for the defense of the State and of the Providence Plantations]; that the . . . deputy adjutant- general . , . be appointed by the officer commanding at the post [Providence]; and that each . . . take the oath of tidelity and office. . . . Februarg 26, 1778. — Captain Duval and Adjutant Haskell, appointed to act as brigade majors in General Mcintosh's and (General Patterson's brigades, respectively, 1^11 the return of Brigade Majors McClnie and Berrien. {Orders, Genertd Headquar- ters, Valley Forge. ) 60 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFB' OF U. R. ARMY. March 22, 1778. — Captain T. Seely, appointed brigade major in the 2nd Penn. brigade, \dce Brigade Major McGowan. ( Orders^, General Headquarter, Valley Forge. ) March 2'), 1778. — Mr. Fans)ecn preyi- ously nominated by the Delegates of South Carolina. Januari/ 8, i775.— "Lieutenant Rot)ertrorterfiel(l, of the 7th Virginia Regiment, is to do the duty of brigade major till further orders in General Woodford's brigade, Brigade Major Porterfield being absent." {Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook. ) February 18, 1779. Re-solred, . . . that the ofBce of l^rigade inspector shall in future be annexed to that of major of brigade. Mai/ 13, 1779. — -"Major Cabell is appointed l^rigade major and inspector to Gen- eral Muhlenberg's brigade and Major Croghan to General AVoodford's." {Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook. ) May 17, 1779. Resolved, That the Adjutant-General of the Army of the United States be allowed the same rations as a brigadier-general. That he be permitted to engage two assistants and one clerk, the assistants to be taken from the line, and both they and the clerk to be approved of l)y the Commander in Chief. That each assistant l)e allowed such an addition to his appointments as an officer of the line as shall make the same equal to those of a lieutenant-colonel. That the clerk be taken from the subalterns or volunteers in the Army, and allowed pay and subsistence equal in the whole to those of a captain. May 24, 177!). — "Capt. Nicholas Gilman, of the 3rd New Hampshire Regiment, from the 15th of January, 1778, and Capt. John Singer Dexter, of the 1st Rhode Island Regiment, from the 1st of May following, are appointed assistants to the Adjutant-General." {Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook.) .Iniie 12, 1779. — "Capt. Alexander, entitled to a majority, is appointed brigade major to the 1st, and Capt. Moore, also entitled to a majority, is appointed brigade major to the 2nd Pennsylvania brigades." {Orders, General Headquarters, S)nitli's Tarerti. ) .Tune 16, 1779. — "Major Archibald Anderson is appointed brigade major to the 1st Marjdand Brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, Sinifli's Tavern.) June 21, 1779. — " (^ol. Davies, as eldest subinspector, will do the duty of Adjutant- General during said time" [temporary absence of the Adjutant-General with the Commander in Chief]. {Orders, Genend Headquarters, Smith's Tavern.) 62 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. June ^^, 1779. Resolved^ That majors, in consideration of their extra duty, acting as . . . majors of brigade, receive |4-i per month, in addition to their regimental pay. * * * Resolved, That the Adjutant-General, for the time being, })o also assistant inspector-general. June 24, i775.—" Capt. Henry Hardman, of the 7th Maryland Regiment, entitled to a majority, isappointed brigade major to the 2nd Maryland Brigade." {Orders, Gen- eral Headquarters, New Windsor. ) July 1, i775.— "Henry McConnick, esq., late brigade major to the 1st Penna. Brigade is appointed to do the duties of brigade major and brigade mspector to the light corps under Brig. General Wayne." {Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor. ) July 8, 1779. — "Major Oliver, of the Massachusetts line, is appointed major of brigade to Gen'l Nixon's Brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, Neiv Windsor.) July 13, 1779. — "Capt. Selman, of the 4th Maryland Regiment, is appointed to the duty of brigade major in the 2nd Maryland Brigade till further orders, vice Capt. Hardman, who declines that duty at present." {Orders, General Headquarters, Neiv Windsor.) July 25, 1779. — "Lt. Col. Brooks, a subinspector in the Army, is to be considered as deputy adjutant-general in the garrison at West Point and its dependencies." "Major Andrew Peters, of Col. Bailey's regiment, is appointed brigade major, etc., in the 4th Massachusetts (commonly called Late Learned' s) Brigade." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Moore^s House. ) July 31, 1779.— "John Davidson, esq., of the 2nd Maryland Regiment, and eldest capt. 'in the Maryland Brigade is appointed brigade major to the same till further orders, vice Cai^t. Selman, whose ill state of health prevents his doing that duty." {Orders, General Headquarters, Moore^ s House.) August 2, i775.— "Capt. John Doughty, of the Corps of Artillery, is appointed brigade major to the same till further orders." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House. ) November 5, i775.— "Major Scott, of the New Hampshire line, isappointed brigade major to Gen'l Poor's Brigade." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House. ) December 24, i775.— "Major Church, of the 4th Pennsylvania Reg't, isappointed brigade major and inspector to Gen'l Hand's Brigade." {Orders, General Headquar- ters, Morristoiun. ) December 25, 1779.— "The Adjutant-General having leave of absence Col. Williams is appointed to perform the duties of the office until his return." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristovm. ) January 1, i7<5'0.— " Capt. Brice, of the 3rd Maryland Regiment, is appointedbrigade major and brigade inspector of the 1st Maryland Brigade till further orders." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown. ) Ajyril 11, 1780. — "Colonel Scammell, having returned, will resume the duties of hia office. The Commander in Chief requests Col. Williams to accept his thanks for the attention, assiduity, and propriety with which he has conducted the office in the absence of Col. Scammell." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) June U, 1780. Resolved, . . . That Major-General Gates be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint a deputy adjutant-general . . . [for the Southern army]. Juhj 12, i7<90.— "Capt. McGowan is to do the duty of brigade major in Gen'l Hand's Brigade till Lieutenant-Colonel Conunand't Butler's health permits him to join his regiment." {Orders, General Headquarters, Pracaness.) July 15, 1780. ResoUed, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL S DEPARTMENT. 68 by order of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a sepa- rate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many bag- gage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to-wit: * * * Adjutant-General and assistants , . . 1 covered 4-horse wagon. Deputy adjutant-general with a separate army ... 1 2-hoise wagon. * * * Resolved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon anf^ bathorses b}" these regulations, there be issued ... as many rations as the service shall require. . Adjutant-General and his family, including what he may draw in the line, seven deput}- adjutants-general for a separate army, three including what ho may draw in the line . July ^(9, 1750.— "Captain Ogden of the Jersey Brigade in appointed to do the duty of brigade major in the same until the return of Major Ross." [Orders, General Head- quarters, Praranesif. ) iSeptcmher 16, 17S0. — " Major James Moore is appointed brigade major ... to the 1st Pennsylvania Brigade from the 21st of July last." [Orders, General Head- quarters, Steenrajna. ) September m, 1780. Resolved, . . . There shall be one assistant inspector-general with the main army, who shall be adjutant-general for the time being, and shall receive in addition to his pay $10 per month; and one to every separate army, when consisting of two or more divisions, who shall 1)e the deputy adjutant-general, and shall receive in addition to his pay $8 per month. * * -x- The assistant inspectors-general shall assist in the general duties of the department . . . and they shall nevertheless continue to per- form their duties of adjutant and deputy adjutant-general. The inspectors shall attend to the execution of the regulations estab- lished for the Army in their respective divisions ... at all times performing the dutv of adjutant-general to the same; and when a detachment of more than one division is sent from the Army the eldest inspector of the marching troops shall act as adjutant-general to the detachment. The subinspectors shall do the dut}' of majors of brigade to the brigades to which the}' belong . Noreinher 11, 17Sn. — " Captain Converse is to do the duty of brigade major . . . to the 2d Connecticut Brigade in the absence of Major Wood bridge." [Orders, Gen- eral Headquarters, Fotoim.) November 28, 1780. Ordered., That . . ., the Adjutant-General, ... be sup- plied with the journals of Congress. Decemher .^, 1780. Resolved, That instead of the additional pay allowed to officers in the inspector's department by the resolution of Congress of the 25th of September last, the following sums be allowed, viz: To the Adjutant -General, as assistant inspector, 35 dollars per month. 64 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. 8. ARMY, January fV, 1781. Congress proceeded to the election of Adjutant-General, and, the ballots being- taken, Brigadier-General Hand was elected. January 1'2, 1781. Rei^olred., That the additional pay of . . . brigade majors, . . . agreea))ly to the act of 27th May, 1778, be considered as tixed in specie; and that the same, from and after the 18th day of August last, be drawn in bills of the new emission. July 14, 1781. — "Captain Robert Peniberton [in] appointed assistant adjutant- general, vice Dexter, promoted, and joined his regiment." {Orders, General Head- quarters near Dobbs Ferri/. ) August 19, 1781. — "Lieut. Col. Grosvenor is appointed to the duty of deputy adjutant-general of the troops placed under the immediate command of Major- General Heath." {Orders, Qeneral JJendipuirfers vear Dobbs Ferry.) October ,?, 1781. — "Capt. John Carlisle, of Genl. Hazen's regt., is appointed an assistant to the Adjutant-General." {Orders, General Headquarters before York.) June 28, 178 ReHolved, That so much of the resolution of Congress of the 27th day of May, 1778, as relates to additional pay given to captains . . , acting as . . . brigade majors be, and is hereby, repealed. Mesolved, That there shall be such additional pay and emoluments to the pay of captains . . , serving as . . . l)rigade ujajors as shall make their pay and emoluments equal to the pay and emoluments of a major in the line of the Army. Atigiist 1, 1782. f Resolved, That the Adjutant-General be appointed by Congress from the general officers, colonels, lieutenant-colonels, commandants, or lieutenant-colonels in the Army; his pay shall be 125 dollars per montii; he shall receive four rations per day, and 25^ dollars per month sub- sistence. The Adjutant-General shall also be allowed forage for four riding horses, and be furnished with two four-horse and one two-horse covered wagons for the transportation of his official papers, his own, his assistants', and clerk's l)aggage. He shall have two assistants and one clerk, to be appointed by himself, and approved of by the Com- mander in Chief. The assistants shall l)e majors or captains in the Army. The pay of each shall be 50 dollars per month, one ration and a half per day, 8 dollars per month for subsistence, and forage for two riding horses. The assistants shall be allowed each Gf dollars per month for servant's wages and the clothing and rations allowed to a private soldiei*. The clerk shall be a subaltei-n or volunteer in the Arm}'; his pay shall be 4() dollars per month; he shall draw one ration per day, and receive 6^ dollars per month subsistence. That there be as many deputies adjutant-general of the rank of field officers as there may be separate armies in the United States that con- sist of one or more divisions, to be appointed occasionally by the commanding officer of such army, whose name shall be returnixl to the Connnander in Chief for his approbation. THE adjutant-general's DEPARTMENT. 65 That the deputy adjutants-general shall each receive 75 dollars per month pay, two rations per day, and 12f dollars per month subsistence, forage for three riding horses, one four-horse and one two-horse cov^- ered wagons, for the transportation of their official papers, their own and assistants' baggage. The deputy adjutants-general shall each appoint one assistant of the rank of major oi- captain, who shall be approved of by the command- ing officer under whom they serve. The assistants appointed and approved as aforesaid shall each receive the same pay and allowances as are given al)ove to an assistant of the Adjutant-General. That there he one major of lirigade to each brigade in the armies of the United States, whether of cavalry, artillery, or infantry, who shall be appointed l)y the Commander in Chief or conmianding officer of a separate army as occasion mjiy require, upon the reconmiendation of the Adjutant-CTcneral or deputy adjutant-general, as the case may be, and they shall each receive the same pay and allowances as is given to the assistants of the Adjutant -General l)y the foregoing resolutions. That the provisions hereby made for the respective officers afore- said shall be in full compensation for their services, and of all pay and allowances to which they may l)e entitled from their rank in the Army. These regulations shall take eft'ect on the first day of January next, and from thenceforth that all acts, resolutions, pay, and appointments heretofore made in anywise respecting the Department of Adjutant- General and brigade majors shall cease, and are herel)y repealed. August 27, 1782. — "The Adjutant-General, having agreed to spare Capt. CarUsle, of Hazen's Regt., one of his assistants, to do the duty of brigade major to the corps of light infantry, he will immediately enter on that service." {Orders, General Head- quarters, Neivburyii. ) October %S, 178%. Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers: . * * * Adjutant General, two covered four-horse wagons; for the baggage of his assistant, clerks, and official papers, one two-horse wagon. * * * That there be allowed for saddle horses: * * * Adjutant-General 4 rations. De])uty with a separate army 3 do. Each assistant 2 do. -X- * -X- Nnrember 22, 1782. — "Capt. Jeremiah Fogg, of the 2nd New Hani]>shire Regt., is appointed brigade major of the New Hampshire Brigade from the lltli instant, vice Capt. Robinson." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newhurgh.) Decemher 31, 178%. Resolved, That Brigadier-General Hand be, and he is hereby, con- tinued in the office of Adjutant-General. January 9, 1783. — "Captain Richard Cox, of the 1st Jersey Regiment, is continued in the office of major of brigade to the Jersey Brigade; "Captain Benjamin Hicks, of the 1st New York Regiment, to the New i'ork Brigade; S. Doc. 229 5 66 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. "Captain Nathaniel Gushing, of the 1st Massachusetts Regiment, to the 1st Massachusetts Brigade ; "Captain Abraham Williams, of tlie 2d Massachusetts Regiment, to the 2d Massa- chusetts Brigade ; "Captain J. K. Smith, of the 6tli Massachusetts Regiment, to the 3d Massachusetts Brigade, and "Captain Jeremiah Fogg, of the 2d New Hampshire Regiment, to the (New) Hampshire Brigade." {Ordera, General Headquarters, Neirhurgh.) January 12, 1783. — " Captain J, Walker, of the 3rd Connecticut Regt., is continued in the office of major of brigade to the Connecticut Brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newhurgh.. ) January 14, 1783. — "Captain John Carlisle, of General Hazen's Regt., is appointed asst. adjutant-general, to take place with the new arrangement." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newhurgli. ) March 1, 1783. — "Captain Aaron Ogden is appointed major of brigade to the Jer- sey Brigade, vice Cox promoted January 6th, 1783. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Newhurgh.) April 8, 1783. — "Captain Simeon Lord (late of the 20ih Massachusetts Regiment) is appointed assistant adjutant-general, * * * his appointment to have effect from the first day of February last." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newhurgh.) Octoher 31, 1783. — Secretary of War reported that the following accepted the com- mutation of five years' pay in lieu of half pay for life: Adjutant-General and family, Brigadier-General Clinton. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 3, 1791 {1 Stats. AN ACT for raising and adding another regiment to the military establishment of the United States and for making further i)rovision for the jirotection of the fron- tiers. •X- * * 8ec, 5, That in case the President of the United States should deem the employment of a . . . brigadier-general . . . essential to the public interest, ... a brigadier-general so appointed may choose his brigade major from the captains or subalterns of the line. . . . Sec. 6. That in case a . . . brigade major . . . should be appointed, their pay and allowances shall be, respectively, as herein mentioned: . . . That the brigade major be entitled, including all allowances, to the same pay, rations, and forage as a major of a regiment. Act of March 5, 179'3 {1 Stats., 2J^1). AN ACT for making further and more effectual provision for the protection of the frontiers of the United States. Sec. 7. That the monthly pay of the commissioned officers . . . on the military establishment of the United States . . . shall be, in future, as follows, free of all deductions, to wit: General staff: . . . Adjutant, to do also duty of inspector, seventy -live dollars; . brigade major, to act also as deputy inspector, in addition to his pay in the line, twenty-four dollars. THE adjutant-general's DEPARTMENT. 67 Act of March 3, 1795 {1 Stats., J,J30). AN ACT for continuing and regulating the military establishment of the United States and for repealing sundry acts heretofore passed on that subject. * * * Sec. 10. That the monthly pay of the officers ... on the mili- tary establishment of the United States be as follows, to wit: General staff: . , , Adjutant-General, to do also the duty of inspector, seventy-live dollars; . . . brigade major to act also as deputy inspector, in addition to his pay in the line, twent3^-four dollars. * * * Sec. 11. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive for their daily subsistence the following- nimiber of rations of provision, to wit: ... A lieutenant-colonel commandant, . . . six rations; . . . brigade major, . . . four rations, . . . or money in lieu thereof, at the option of the said officers, at the contract price, at the posts, respectiveh% where the rations shall become due. Sec. 12. That the officers hereinafter described shall, whenever forage shall not be furnished by the public, receive at the rate of the following-enumerated sums, per month, instead thereof, to wit: . . . Adjutant-General, . . . twelve dollars; . . . brigade major, . . ten dollars. . . . Act of May 30, 1796 {1 Statx., 1^83). AN ACT to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States. Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one brigadier-general, who ma}'^ choose his brigade major from the captains or subalterns of the line; which brigade major shall receive the monthly pay of twenty-four dollars in addition to his pay in the line, be entitled to four rations of provisions for his daily subsistence, and whenever forage shall not be furnished by the public to ten dollars per month in lieu thereof; . . . one inspector,' who shall do the duty of Adjutant-General, Sec. 23. That the general staff, as authorized by this act, shall con- tinue in service until the fourth day of next March, and no longer. Act of March 3, 1797 {1 Stats., 507). AN ACT to amend and repeal in part the act intituled "An act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States." Sec. 2. That there shall be one brigadier- general, who may choose his brigade major . . . from the captains and subalterns in the ^ The Inspector-General acting as Adjutant-General is entitled under this act to $25 in addition to his pay in the line, six rations per day, and $12 per month for forage. 68 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. line (to . . . whom there shall be allowed the monthly pay of twenty -hve dollars in addition to his pay in the line and two rations extraordinary per day, and whenever forage shall not be furnished by the public to ten dollars per month in lieu thereof). Act of May 2'2, 1798 {1 StaU., 557). AN ACT to amend tlie act intituled "An act to amend and repeal in part the act entitled 'An act to ascertain and tix the militarv establishment of the United States.' " Sec. 1. That the l)rio-adier-general who is now, or may hereafter be, in the service of the United States be, and lie hereby is, authorized to choose his brigade major . , . from the commissioned officers in the line of the Army; and that so nuich of the second section of the act intituled "An act to amend and repeal in part the act entitled 'An act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States'' " as confines the choice of brigade major ... to the captains and subalterns of the line be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Aet of May 28, 1798 {1 Stats., 558). AN ACT authorizing the President of tlie United States to raise a provisional army. Sec. 6. That whenever the President shall deem it expedient he is hereby empowered, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint ... an Adjutant-General, who shall have the rank, paj^^, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; . . . and the President is hereby authorized alone to appoint from time to time, when he shall judge proper, assistant inspectors to every separate portion of the Army, consisting of one or more divisions, who shall be deputy adjutant-generals thereof, respectively, and who shall be taken from the line of the Army, and allowed in addition to their pay eight dollars per month; . Sec. 7. . . . Provided, That in case the President shall judge it expedient to appoint ... an Adjutant-General ... in the recess of the Senate, he is hereby authorized to make . said appointments and grant commissions thereon which shall expire at the end of the next session of the Senate thereafter. * * * Sec. 9. That the . . . Adjutant-General . . . who may ))c appointed by virtue of this act shall . . . continue in commission during such term onl}^ as the President shall judge requisite for the public service. Sec. 10. That no . . . staff officer who shall be appointed by virtue of this act shall be entitled to receive pay or emoluments until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time than he shall continue therein. THE adjutant-general's DEPARTMENT. 69 Act of July 16, 1798 (1 Stat.s., 604). AN ACT to augment the Army of the United iStaten, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one Adjutant-General, with one or more assistant or assistants (to be taken from the line of the Army), ... 8ec. 4. . . . The Adjutant-General shall be entitled to the rank, pa}', and emoluments of a brig-adier-general. . * * * Act of March 5, 1799 {1 Stafs., 749). AN ACT foi- the ])etter organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. B. That when any officer shall be detached from a regiment to serve ... as an assistant to the Adjutant-General, by whatsoever name, the place of such officer in his regiment shall be supplied by promotion or new appointment, or both, as may be requisite; but the officer detached shall, nevertheless, retain his station in his regiment, and shall rank and rise therein in the same manner as if he had not been detached. Sec. 7. That no officer shall be appointed ... as an assistant to the Adjutant-General who when appointed shall be of a raidv higher than that of captain. * * * Sec. 14-. That the Adjutant-General of the Arm}' shall be ex- officio jvssistant inspector-general, and that every deputy inspector-general shall be ex officio deputy adjutant-general, and shall perform the duties of adjutant-general in the army to which he shall be annexed. Act of April m, 1800 {2 Statf^., 38). AN ACT to fix the compensation of the Paymaster-General and assistant to the Adjutant-General. * * * Sec. 2. That the pay of the assistant of the Adjutant-General, in addition to his pay and other emoluments in the line of the Army, shall be forty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services and travelling expenses, to be computed from the time of his entering upon actual service. . Act of March 16, 1802 {2 Stats., 132). AN ACT to fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 8. That there shall be . . . one adjutant and inspector of the Armv.^ to be taken from the line of field officers. . . . Under this act the oliices of Atljutant-General and Inspector-General were united. 70 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows, to wit: ... To the adjutant and inspector of the Arnn% thirt}'- eight dollars in addition to his pay in the line. Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of provisions: A colonel, six rations; a lieutenant-colonel, five rations; a major, four rations, ... or money in lieu thereof at the option of the said officers ... at the posts respectively when the rations shall become due; and if at such posts supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former contracts and the position of the place in ques- tion; . . . and to every commissioned officer who shall keep one servant, not a soldier of the line, one additional ration. Act of April 12, 1808 {2 Stats., 481). AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force. Sec. 8. That in the recess of the Senate the President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint all or any of the officers, other than the general officers, proper to be appointed under this act, which appointments shall be submitted to the Senate, at the next session, for their advice and consent. Sec. 9. That every . . . staft' officer to be appointed in virtue of this act shall be a citizen of the United States or some one of the Territories thereof. • Act of January 11, 1812 {2 Stats., 671). AN ACT to raise an additional military force. * * * Sec. 4. That there shall be appointed . . . five brigadier-gen- erals, each of whom shall be allowed a brigade major, ... to be taken from the captains and subalterns of the line; and there shall also be appointed one Adjutant-General, . . . with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general. The said Adjutant-General shall be allowed one or more assistants, not exceeding three, to be taken from the line of the Army, with the same pay and emoluments as by this act are allowed to a lieutenant-colonel. . . . Sec. .5. That when an officer is detached to serve ... as an assistant to the Adjutant-General ... on the appointment of a general officer ... he shall not thereby lose his I'ank. Sec. <). . . , The brigadier-generals, respectively, shall be entitled to one hundred and four dollars monthl}' pay, twelve rations per day, and sixteen dollars per month for forage when not fQ.und by the public. * -X- * Sec. 25. That no . . . stafi^ officer who may be appointed by virtue of this act shall be entitled to receive any pay or emoluments until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time than he shall continue therein. THE adjutant-general's DEPARTMENT. 7l Act of Mai/ 16, mm (^ Stats., 735). AN ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. ■^. That each brigade major provided b}^ law shall be allowed twenty-four dollars per month, in addition to his pa}^ in the line. * * * Act of July 6, 1812 {2 Stats., 782). AN ACT respecting tlie pay of the Army of the Unilfil States. That ... to the brigade majors, under the act passed January the eleventh, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, there-shall be allowed for forage for one horse, or in lieu thereof ten dollars per month. . . . Act of July 6, 1812 {2 Stats., 784). AN ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. [Authorizes the President to appoint two additional brigadier-gen- erals] Avho shall each be entitled to the same number of . . . brigade majors as are allowed to a brigadier-general under the act of Congress passed the eleventh of January, one thousand eight hundred and twelve. And the said . . . brigade majors shall be entitled to receive the same pay and emoluments as are by law allowed to officers of the same grade. Sec. 2. That to any army of the United States, other than that in which the Adjutant-General . . . shall serve, it shall bo lawful for tho President to appoint one deputy adjutant-general, . . . who shall be taken from the line of the Army, and who shall each, in addi- tion to his pay and other emoluments, be entitled to fifty dollars per month, which shall be in uU compensation for his extra services. And that there shall be to each of the foregoing deputies such number of assistant deputies (not exceeding three to each department) as the pub- lic service may require, who shall, in like manner, be taken from the line, and who shall each be entitled to thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pay and other emolaments, which shall ))e in full com- pensation for his extra services: And 2yrovid<'d a/so. That the Presi- dent of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint any of the officers named in this act during the recess of the Senate, to be submitted to the Senate at their next meeting, for their advice and consent. Skc. 3. That all letters and packages to and from the Adjutant-Gen- eral . . . shall be free from postage. * * * Act of February 2 4, 1813 [2 Stats., 801). AN ACT making provision for an additional number of general officers. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint , . . six brigadier-generals, who shall be allowed a brigade major . . . , to be taken also from the officers of the line. Sec. 2. That the officers aitthorizcd by this act shall receive the same pay, forage, rations, and other emoluments as the officers of the same grade of the present military establishment. 72 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 3, 1813 {2 Stats., 819). AN ACT for the better organization of the general staff of the Army of the United States. That the Adjutant-General's . . . departments shall consist of the following officers: That is to say, an Adjutant and Inspector Gen- eral, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadicr-g-eneral, and not exceeding eight adjutants-general, sixteen assistant adjutants- general, Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and is hereb}^, authorized, if he shall deem it expedient, to assign one of the briga- diers-general to the principal Army of the United States, who shall in such case act as Adjutant and Inspector (general and as chief of the staff of such Army. ... Sec. 3. That all the other adjutants-general shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments ol a colonel of cavalry. The assistant adjutants-general . . . shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry. Sec. 4. That the assistant adjutants-general . . . shall be taken from line. The adjutants-general . . . may be taken from the line or not, as the President may deem expedient. * -X- -X- Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the adjutant and inspector general, adjutants-general, , . . which relate to their official duties, shall be free from postage. May 17, 1815. . . . And the President of the United States has further judged proper, that, in addition to the provision for a general staff, which is speeifieallj- made by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained, under the special authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge, with- out material injury to the service; and that the following shall be the GENERAL STAFF. * * * One adjutant and inspector general and two adjutant-generals, to be provisionally retained. * * * {General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.) Act of April U, 1816 {3 Stats., 297). AN ACT for organizing the general staff, and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. That in addition to the act providing for a military peace establish- ment, the provisions of the act of March the third, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, for the better organization of the general staff', be, and the same are hereby, so far as established, that the general staff' shall in future consist of one adjutant and inspector general of the Army and one adjutant-general. Act of March ?., 18M {3 Stats.. 615). AN ACT to reduce and fix tlie military peace establishment of tiie United States. -X -x- * Sec. 5. That there shall be one major-general, with two aids de-camp, two brigadier-generals, each with one aid-de-camp; and that the aids- THE adjutant-general's DEPARTMENT 73 de-camp be taken from the subalterns of the line, and, in addition to their other duties, shall perform the duties of assistant adjutant- general. Sec. 6. That there shall be one adjutant-general, . . . with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry. * * * Act of March ^, 1827 U Stats., 238). AN ACT amendatory of the act i-egulating the Post-Office Department. * -x- * Sec. 4. That . , . the Adjutant-General, . . . be author- ized to frank, and to receive letters and packets by post free of post- age. . . . Act of July 5, 1838 {5 Stats., 256). AN ACT to increase the present niihtary estal)Ushment of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 7. That the President of the United States shall be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint so many assistant adjutants-general, not exceeding two, with the brevet rank, pa}^ and emoluments of a major, and not exceeding four, with the brevet rank, pay, and emoluments of a captain of cavalry, as he may deem necessary; and that they shall be taken from the line of the Army, and in addition to their own, per- form the duties of assistant inspectors-general when the circumstances of the service luay require. Sec. 8. That the officers to be taken from the line and transferred to the staff, under the last preceding section, shall receive only the pay and emoluments attached to their rank in the staff', but their transfer shall be without prejudice to their rank and promotion in the line, according to their said rank and seniority; which promotion shall take place according to usage, and in the same manner as if they hud not thus been transferred. Act of March 3, 1839 {5 Stats., AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act regulating the pay and emohiments of brevet officers," passed April 16, 1818. That from and after the passing of this act the act entitled "An act regulating the pay and emoluments of brevet officers," approved April sixteenth, eighteen hundred and eighteen, be, and the same shall be, so construed as to include the case of the Adjutant-General of the United States. Act of June 18, 181^6 {9 Stats., 17). AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act to provide for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 6. That the President of th(^ United States be, and he hereby is, authorized to appoint as many additional assistant adjutant-generals, 74 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. not exceeding four, as the service may require, who shall be appointed, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in the same manner, have the same brevet rank, pay, and emoluments, and be charged with the same duties, as those now authorized by law: Proirided^ That these additional appointments shall continue only so long as the exigencies of the service may render necessary. Act of March 3, 181^7 {9 Stats., 184). AN ACT making provision for an additional nnmber of general offices, and for other purposes. Sec. 2. That there shall be added to the Adjutant-GeneraPs Depart- ment one assistant adjutant-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel of cavahy, and two assistant adjutants-general, with the brevet rank, pay, and emoluments of a captain of cavalry, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in the same manner and be charged with the same duties as those authorized b}' existing laws. * * * Sec. 20. That the provisions of the sixth section of the act entitled "An act respecting the organization of the Army," etc., approved August twenty-third, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two, which allow additional rations to certain officers of the Army, be, and the same are hereby, so extended as to embrace the . . . Adjutant- General of the Army from the date of the act. * * * Sec. 22. That all the officers appointed . . . under this act shall be discharged at the close of the war with Mexico. . . . Act of July 19, 181,8 {9 Stats., U7). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplemental to an act entitled 'An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico,' " and for other purposes. Sec. 3. That so much of . . . the act of the third of March, eighteen hundred and forty-seven, as requires the discharge at the close of the war with Mexico of an assistant adjutant-general, with the rank, pay, etc., of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and two assist- ant adjutants-general, with the brevet rank, pay, etc., of a captain of cavalry, as authorized by the second section of the said act of the third of March, eighteen hundred and forty-seven, . . . be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That no vacancy happening under the provisions so repealed shall be tilled up until further author- ized by law. . . . 75 Act of 3 fare h %, 181^9 (9 Stats, 351). AN ACT to provide for an increase of the medical staff, and for an additional number of chaplains of the Army of the United States. Sec. 4. . . . that so much of the proviso to the third section of the act approved Juh^ nineteenth, eighteen hundred and forty-eight, as rehites to officers of the Adjutant-GeneraFs Department be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Aet of March 3, 1851 {9 Stats., 595). AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and disabled soldiers of the Army of the United States. Sec. 2. That . . . the Adjutant-General shall be, ex officio, commissioners of the same. . . . ' August 31, 1852 [10-105). Sec. 15. Adjutant-General Roger Jones to be allowed the pay, etc., of his commission as Adjutant-General from the date of the reduction of the Army in 1821, until March 7, 1825, when he was restored to his rank in the staff. Act of July 22, 1861 {12 Stats., 268). AN ACT to authorize the employment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws and protecting public property. Sec. 3. . . . each division shall have . . . one assistant adjutant-general with the rank of major. Each brigade . . . shall have . . . one assistant adjutant-general with the rank of captain. . . . Act of August 3, 1861 {12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military esta])lishment. Sec. 2. . . . Thathereafterthe Adjutant-General's Department shall consist of the following officers, namely: One adjutant-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a ])rigadier-general; one assistant adjutant-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry; two assistant adjutant-generals, with the rank, pay, and emoluments each of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; four assistant adjutant-generals, with the rank, pay, and emoluments each of a major of cavalry; and twelve assistant adjutant-generals, with the rank, pay, and (Muoluments each of a captain of cavalry; . . . and to be taken from the line of the Army, either of the volunteers or Regular Army. 76 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of July 17, 1862 {12 Stats., 59 J^). AN AC!T to define the pay and emoluments of certain offit^ers of the Army, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 22. That there shall be added to the Adjutant-General's Depart- ment by regular promotion of its present officers, one colonel, two lieutenant-colonels, and nine majors; and that the grade of captain in said department shall thereafter be abolished, and all vacancies occur- ring in the grade of major shall be tilled by selections from among the captains of the Army. Act of July 17, 1862 {12 Stats., 597). AN ACT to amend the act calUng forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eight, sev- enteen hundred and ninety-live, and the act amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. -X- * * Sec. 10. That each army corps shall have . . . one assistant adjutant-general, . . . who shall l)ear . . . the rank of lieu- tenant-colonel, and who shall be assigned from the Army or volunteer force by the President. . . . March 11, 186Jt. {13 Stats., 20). AN ACT to establish a uniform system of ambulances in the armies of the United States. * * * Sec. 11. That it shall be the duty of the commander of the army corps to transmit to the Adjutant-General the names and rank of all officers and enlisted men detailed for service m the ambulance corps of such army corps, stating the organizations from which they may have been so detailed; and if such officers and men belong to volunteer organizations the Adjutant-General shall thereupon notify the gov- ernors of the several States in which such organizations were raised of their detail for such service; and it shall be the duty of the com- mander of the army corps to report to the Adjutant-General from time to time the conduct and behavior of the officers and enlisted men of the am])ulance corps, and the Adjutant-General shall forward cop- ies of such I'cports, so far as they relate to officers and enlisted men of volunteer organizations, to the governors of the States in which such organizations were raised. Act of July 28, 1866 {H Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 10. That the Adjutant-General's Department of the Army shall hereafter consist of the officers now authorized by law, viz: One Adjutant-General, with the rank, pa}^, and emoluments of a brigadier- THE adjutant-general's DEPARTMENT. 77 general; two assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emol- uments of colonels of ca\'alry; four assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry; and thirteen assistant adjutants-general, with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of majors of cavalry. * * -X- Sec, 23. That the adjutants-general . . . shall hereafter he ap- pointed by selection from the corps to which the}^ belong. Act of March ,^, 1y death, desertion, or otherwise. A return of the pay and rations drawn by each regiment. A return of all the officers of each regiment, with observations upon the behavior, capacity, and assiduity of every individual. All the returns, when signed by the field officers of each regiment, are to lie carefully scrutinized by the Inspector-General, who, after having made and added his remarks upon the same, is to sign and transmit them to Congress. Resolved^ That the inspectors-general shall make these reviews in the beginning and at the latter end of every campaign, and at such other times as the Commander in Chief shall direct, or as they themselves shall severally judge proper, or shall receive orders for that purpose from the board of war, first giving notice thereof to the Commander in Chief, and obtaining his leave for reviewing the said troops. Remlved^ That the inspectors-general, respectively, shall make this review minutely, man by man, attending to the complaints and repre- sentations of both soldier and officer, and transmitting to Congress what petitions and grievances he shall think worth}^ of notice; that not solely depending upon the accounts and characters of officers as given him by the colonels of regiments, the inspectors-general shall examine the said officers in person, direct them to command different manoeu- vres, and take such measures as shall enable him to give an exact account to Congress. Resolved^ That these reviews when closed be transmitted to Congress by the inspectoi'-general making the review, who is to furnish the major of the respective regiments with a tiopy of the same, and to keep another for his own government and assistance in proceeding to the next review. Resolved^ That the inspectors-general shall examine from time to time the pay books of the respective regiments, which are to be kept in an uniform manner, agreeable to such regulations as may be estab- lished for that purpose, giving immediate notice to Congress of any malversation or mismanagement which he may discover. Resolved^ That it be referred to the commissioners of the war office to report such further regulations for this office as they shall deem calculated to extend its utility and to promote the end of its institution. Resolved^ That two inspectors-general be now appointed. Congress proceeded to the election and, the ballots being taken, Brigadier T. Conway was elected. ******* Resolved^ That another major-general be appointed in the Army of the United States. The ballots being taken, Brigadier T. Conw^ay was elected. THE inspectoe-genekal's depaktment. 89 Marches, 1778. — "Asa system of easy manoeuvres and exercises is to be intro- duced, with a view of establishing uniformity in those points throughout the Army, the commandiuu: otfi(;ers of brigades and regiments are desired to discontinue exer- cising and mancL'Uvreing their men by way of instructions, until new regulations shall be distributed." {Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) [This was prepara- tory to the introduction of Baron Steuben in the character of Inspector-General, and the adoption of the new system of tactics proposed by him. General "\\^ashington at this date was selecting proper suljinspectors.] March 28, 1778. — "The Baron Steuben, a lieutenant-general in foreign service and a gentleman of great military experience, having obligingly undertaken to exercise the office of Inspector-General in the Army, the Commander in Chief, till the pleasure of Congress be known, desires he may be respected and obeyed as such, and hopes and expects that all officers, of whatsoever rank, will afford him every aid in their power in the execution of his office. "Lieut. Colonels Davies, Brooks, Barber, and Mr. Ternant are appointed to act as subinspectors; the three former retaining their rank and station in the line." {Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) March 29, 1778. — "The following officers are appointed brigade inspectors, and are to be obeyed and respected as such in their several respective brigades: Colonel Tupjier, in General Patterson's brigade; Lieut. Colonel Sprout, in General Glover's; Major Wallace, in Woodford's; Major Cabell, in Weedon's; Major Hull, in Learned's; Major Fish, in Poor's; Major Iluling ? in the late Conway's; Captain Smith, in Var- num's; Major Brimfield, in Maxwell's; Major Kyan, in the 1st Pennsylvania; Cap- tain Inglis, in Mcintosh's; Captain McGowan, 2nd Pennsylvania." {Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) April 7, 1778. — "Captain William Lewis is appointed brigade-inspector in General Muhlenberg's brigade, and Captain Croghan in General Scott's." {Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) April 26, 1778. — "Lieut. Colonel Fleury is to act as subinspector, and will attend the Baron Steuben till circumstances will admit of assigning him a division of the Army. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) J/ay 5, 1778. Hesol'iwl, That Congress approve General Washing-ton's plan for the institution of a well-organized inspectorship. That Baron Steuben ^ be appointed to the office of Inspector-General, with the rank and pa}' of major-general, his pay to commence from the time he joined the Army and entered into the service of the United States, That there be two ranks of inspectors under the direction of the Inspector-General, the first to superintend two or more brigades and the other to be charged with the inspection of only one brigade. ' Frederick William Augustus Steuben was a distinguished officer in tlie Prussian armies. He reached America December 1, 1777, and served as a volunteer until his appointment as Inspector-General, which was mainly secured by Washington's influ- ence. No foreign officer rendered more important service to America. He had given up an income, offices, and emoluments far greater than those he could hope for in America, and from pure love of freedom entered as a volunteer, the service of the United States, in which he died November 28, 1795. " I have seen the Baron and his assistants seven long hours inspecting a brigade of three small regiments. Every man not present must be accounted for; if in camp, sick or well, they were produced or visited; every musket handled and searched; (•artridge boxes opened, even the flints and cartridges counted. Knapsacks unslung and every article of clothing spread on the soldier's blanket, and tested by his little book, whether what he had received from the United States within the year was there; if not, to be accounted for. Hospitals, stores, laboratories, every place and every thing was open to inspection and inspected, and what officer's mind was at ease if losses or expenditures could not, on the day of searching, be fully and fairly accounted for? The inspections were every month, and wonderful was the effect, not only with regard to economy, but in creating a spirit of emulation between dif- ferent corps. I have known the subalterns of a regiment appropriate one of their two rations to the bettering the appearance of their men, but this was at a later period of the war, when supplies and payments were more ample and more regular." \_WiUiavi 2^^orth, in Kapp's Life of Steuben.] 90 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That the officers appointed inspectors receive, in addition to the pay which they derive from their ranks, 30 dollars a month, and that the brigade inspectors receive, in addition to their pay, 20 dollars a month. That General Washington he authorized to appoint such persons to be inspectors and brigade inspectors for the main Army as he shall think best qualified to execute the several duties of those offices. May 9, 1778. — -"Congress have been pleased to appoint Baron Stenben Inspector- General with the rank of major-general, and the Commander in Chief, being invested with powers to appoint the inspectors and brigade inspectors, continues in office those whohave already been nominated and appointed." [Orders, Oeneral Head- quarters, Valley Forge.) [July 2, 1778, Baron Steuben was given the temporary com- mand of Woodford's, Scott's, and the North Carolina brigades. July 22 General Washington directed him to resume his office of Inspector-General and tendered him his thanks for condui-ting the right wing of the Army from Brunswick to Wright's Mills.] May U, 1778. Resolved., That it is the interest of the United States to employ Mons. de la Neuville^ [sr.] as inspector of the Army under the com- mand of Major-General Gates. •X- -X- * Mesolved., That Mr. de la Neuville's pay as inspector be 1(>.5 doUars per month and six rations a day, his pay and rations to commence from the time of his entering the service of the United States. Resolved., That Mr. de la Neuville be informed that Congress will be disposed, after an experience of his services as an inspector to the army under General Gates, for the space of three months, to confer on him such rank as his merits may justly entitle him to. May 26, 1778. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be directed to furnish Baron Steuben with two good horses for his use. June 4, 1778. — "On the march, Lieut. Colonel Fleury will be attached to General Lee's division; Lieut. Colonel Davies to General Stirling's; Lieut. Colonel Barber to General Mifflin's; Major Ternant to General de La Fayette's; Lieut. Colonel Brooks to General de Kalb's; and, as they will not be employed on the march in exercising or maneuvering the troops, they are to fill the office of adjutant-general, each in his respective division." [Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge.) June 15, 1778. — "Till the duties of the office of Insi:)ector-General shall be defined and fixed by Congress, the Commander in Chief thinks proper to establish the fol- lowing plan: The fimctions of it are to comprehend the instituting a system of rules and regu- lations for the exercise of the troops in the manual and maneuvers; for their forma- tion for the purposes of exercise on guard and on detachments, and for camp and ^The appointment of Mr. de la Neuville, sr., was predicated on the following reasons: Recommended by Baron de Wormser, lieutenant-general in the French service, as an officer of great zeal, activity, and knowledge; recommended to General Washington by the Marquis de Bonilli, governor of Martinico, as an intel- ligent officer, not only acquainted with the theory but tlie practice of war, having served in several canii)aigns in Germany; l>y Mr. Merlet, (|uartermaster-general of the French army, and further by the favorable testimonies of the Marquis de La Fayette, and Major-General Conway. October 14, 1778, Mr. de la Neuville, sr., was granted a brevet commission of brigadier-general, to date i\.ugust 14, 1778, and on the 4th of Det-ember following Congress directed that a certificate be given him by the President, in the words following: "Mr. de la Neuville, having served with fidelity and reputation in the Army of the United States, in testimony of his merit, a brevet commission of brigadier has been granted him by Congress, and, on his request, he is permitted to leave the service of these States and return to Frant-e." THE inspector-general's DEPARTMENT. 91 garrison duty, by which is to be understood wliatever relates to the service of guards, the ordinary routine of duty in and the internal policy of camps and garrisons; in the execution of which rules and regulations the Insi^ector-General and his assistants shall 1)6 employed as hereafter specified. All rules and regulations shall first be approved and authorized by tlie Commander in Chief, and either published in general orders or otherwise communicated through the Adjutant-General, from whom the division and brigade inspectors will receive them and communicate them to the major-generals and brigadiers, and to their respective divisions and brigades. . . . The division and brigade inspectors will assist in their execution [mili- hiiy maneuvers and exercises] under the immediate orders of the major-generals, l)riga(liers, and colonels commanding. . . . Grand maneuvers will be occasionally executed by the Inspector-General, with particular brigades or with detachments from the line. . . . The Inspector- General will occasionally attend the troops while exercising. His directions relative to their exercise agreeably to the rules laid down are to be observed by every officer of inferior rank who may command. When any new maneuver is to be introduced, it is, in the first instance, to be performed by the division or brigade inspector, after which the brigadier or colonel will take the command. Each division inspector shall attend his major-general when he is of the day, and under his directions assist the field officers of the day in examining whether the duty of the guards is performed according to rule. Eac^h brigade inspector shall likewise attend his brigadier when he is of the day, for the same purpose. On the daily parade of the guard, the Inspector-General, if present, or the subinspector of the day, is to exercise the parade under the orders of the major-general of the day. The division and brigade inspectors are immediately to furnish their respective major and brigadier generals with all the regulations ■\vhi<'h ha\'e been heretofore made." [Orders, General Head- quarters, Valley Forge. ) June 16, 1778. — "Captain Archibald Anderson, of the 2nd Maryland regiment, is appointed brigade insi)eetor to the 2nd Maryland brigade." (Orders, General Head- quarters, Valleu Forge.) July 29. 177S. Tho Board of War further reported: ^ That Mons. Noirmont de la Neuville [jr.] since the month of Decem- ber has acted as aid-de-camp to Major-General Conway, and since the ^ Mr. de la Neuville, aid-de-camp to the Marquis de La Fayette, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel by brevet; Fel)ruary 4, 1779, Congress denied his petition for a brevet commission of lieutenant-colonel, although the Marquis had addressed a letter to Congress in his favor on Decendier 22, 1778; February 10, 1779, at his request, Mr. Noirmont de la Neuville was authorized to return to France; April ] , 1779, the Board of War having reported that Mr. Noirmont de la Neuville is a brevet major, and as as such entitled to neither the pay nor subsistence allowed to a major, Congress authorized him to repair to the Southern Army under General Lincoln, and granted liim the pay and subsistence of a major during the ensuing campaign. October 18, 1779, Congress resolved "That Major de la Neuville, who has served two campaigns in the American Army, and has obtained very honoral:)le testimonials of his merit, valor, and services in the several capacities in which he has been employed, be appointed a lieutenant-colonel by brevet in the Army of the United States. That Lieutenant-Colonel Noirmont de la Neuville have leave to return to France." Octo- ber 21, 1779, the Board of War having represented that Mons. Noirmont de la Neu- ville had represented his uneasiness lest his not being gratified with the rank and command of a lieutenant-colonel should create disagreeable comparisons between the supposed ideas entertained by Congress of his merit and that of those enjoying such command. Congress resolved: "That Congress entertain a very favorable opinion of the personal merit and military character of Mons. Noirmont de la Neuville, which he has evidenced on every occasion presenting itself to him during his service in America; but a re-formation of the Army having lately taken place, which renders it inconsistent with the arrangement as now settled to grant commands in the line to gentlemen under Mr. Noirmont's circumstances, has prevented his having a conmiis- sion of the same nature with some others, though his merit and services would other- wise entitle him thereto." [As the brevet of lieutenant-colonel had already been conferred upon i\Ir. de Neuville by the resolve of October 27, 1778, the denial of his petition for promotion must have been because, as seemingly indicated in the resolve of October 21, 1779, lie sought a commission of that grade in the line.] 92 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY, appointment of hi.s l)rother us inspector to the Northern Army has dis- charged the duties of deputy inspector with uncommon assiduity and much satisfaction to the officers and men of the Northern Army; whereupon, Besolved, That Mons. Noirmont de la Neuville have the rank of a major by brevet in the American Army. September m, 1778. Resolved., That Mr. JohnTernant^ be appointed a lieutenant-colonel in the service of the United States, and be ordered to repair to South Carolina forthwith, to perform the duties of inspector to the troops in the service of these States in South Carolina and Georgia; that he report his proceedings as inspector, from time to time, to the board of war and Inspector-General, conforming himself to such regulations as are or shall be established by Congress for th(^ Inspector-Generars Department; and, until he shall be duly notitied of the plan of the department being arranged and confirmed l)y Congress, that he govern himself as near as may be by the rules and practice pursued ))V Baron Steuben, during his having executed the office of inspector-general with the grand army, procuring the approbation and authorit}^ of the officer commanding the troops of the United States in the said States of South Carolina and Georgia, in all matters relative to the discipline of the troops and the police of the camps, garrisons, or quarters, previous to their being put in practice l)y him as inspector. Resolved., That Mr. Ternant be allowed the pay and subsistence of a lieutenant-colonel from the 26th of March last. FrhriKiry lS\ 1779. Resolved, That there be an Inspector-General to the armies of the United States, with the rank of major-general, who, in all future appointments, shall be taken from the line of major-generals; That the duty of the Inspector-General shall principally consist in forming a system of regulations, for the exercise of the troops in the manual evolutions and mancpuvres, for the service of guards and detachments, and for camp and garrison duty; That the Inspector-General and his assistants shall review the troops at such times and places, and receive such returns for that purpose, as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer in a detachment shall direct; at which reviews he or they shall inspect the number and con- dition of the men, their discipline and exercise, the state of their arms, accouterments, and clothes; observing what of these articles have been lost or spoiled since the last review, and, as nearly as possible, bj'^ what means; reporting the same, with the deficiencies and neglects, to the Commander in Chief, or the commanding officer of a detach- ment, and to the board of war; That all new manoeuvres shall be introduced b}^ the Inspector-Gen- eral, and all old ones performed according to the established princi- ples, under his superintendency ; but he shall not introduce or practice ^ Lieutenant-Colonel Ternant having had two riding horses impressed hy the State of South Carolina during the siege of Charleston, Congress, October 1(3, 1780, ordered the quartermaster-general to furnish him with two good horses. THE INSPECTOE-GENERAL's DEPARTMENT. 93 any regulations relative to the objects of his department, save such as are made and established in manner following, all regulations whatso- ever to ]>e finally approved and established b}" Congress. But the exigence of the service requiring it, temporary ones may, from time to time, be introduced by the Inspector-General with the approbation of the Commander in Chief. These regulations to be communicated to the Army through the Adjutant-General, and to be transmitted to the board of war with all convenient despatch, that, after being examined and reported by them to Congress, they may be rejected, altered, amended, or confirmed, as Congress shall deem proper; That there be as many subinspectors as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer in a detachment shall, on consideration of the strength and situation of the Army, from time to time, deem neces- sary, to be taken from the line of lieutenant-colonels, and to receive their instructions relative to the department from the Inspector- General; That there be one brigade inspector to each brigade, who shall be one of the majors in the brigade; and that the ofiice of brigade inspector shall in future be annexed to that of major of brigade. He shall accordingl}^ keep a roster of the battalions of his brigade, regulate all the details and take care of the formation and march of all guards, detachments, &c., from the brigade. He is to receive the general orders and communicate them to the commanding oflicers of the bri- gades and regiments, and, through the adjutants, to all the officers of the brigade. He is, so far as concerns his brigade, to inspect the police of the camp, the discipline and order of the service. In time of action he is to assist in executing the necessary manosuvi'es of the brigade, according to the orders of the brigadier or officer commanding. He is to do no duty in the line; That all the officers of the inspectorship having appointments in the line shall retain their rights of command, succession, and promotion in the same manner as if they had not assumed the office. But as the duties of this department are sufficient to employ their whole time, they are to suspend the exercise of their respective commands, except on particular occasions, when the Commander in Chief or commanding officer in a detachment may deem it necessary to invest them with com- mand. They are to be exempted from all common camp and garrison duty, that they may attend the more carefully to those of the inspec- tion; and in time of action they are to be employed in assisting in the execution of the field manoeuvres; That the Inspector-General, so far as relates to the inspector of the Army, be subject to the orders of Congress, the board of war, and the Conmiander in Chief only; but the subinspectors shall also be subject to the officers commanding the divisions and brigades to which they are attached, on the principles herein established; That there be allowed to the Inspector-General, in consideration of the extraordinary expenses which attend the execution of his ofiice, S-f dollars per month, in addition to the pay and rations of a major- general, heretofore provided. 3farch 39, 1779.— Bavon Steuben having prepared a system of regulations for the infantry, wiiich was highly commended by both General Washington and the Board of AVai'j Congress adopted the system of tactics and ordered its publication and distri- bution to the Army. 94 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF OENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. April 5, 1779. Resolved., That Baron Steuben,, Inspector-General, be informed by the President that Congress entertain a high sense of his merit, dis- played in a variety of instances, but especially in the system of mili- tary order and discipline formed and presented b}^ him to Congress. May 13, 1779. — "Major Cabell is appointed . . . inspector to General Muh- lenberg's brigade, and Major Croghan to General "Woodford's." {Orders, General Headquarter!^, Middlebrook. ) May 26, 1779. — " Lieutenant-Colonel Regnier is appointed a subinspector. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Middlebrook. ) June 13, 1779. — "Lieutenant-Colonel Harmar is appointed subinspector to the Pennsylvania Division." {Orders, General Headquarters, Smit]i\'< Tarerii.) June 21, 1779. — "Colonel Davies, as eldest subinspector, will do the duty of Adju- tant-Genei-al during said time [temporary absence of the Adjutant-Gen-jral with the Commander in Chief]." {Orders, General Headquarters, Smith's Tavern.) June £^, 1779. JResolved., That majors, in consideration of their extra duty, acting as brigade inspectors . . . receive 44 dollars per month, in addi- tion to their regimental pay. * * * Resolved., That the Adjutant-General for the time 1)eing be also Assistant Inspector-General. ,June24, 1779. — " Colonel Williams, of the Maryland line, is appointed subinspector." ( Orders. General Headquarters, New Windsor. ) July 1, 1779. — " Henry McCormick, esq., late brigade major to the 1st Pennsylvania Brigade, is apjioiiited to do the duties of . . . brigade inspector to the light corps under Brigadier-General Wayne." {Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor. ) July 6, 1779. Resolved., That, in consideration of their extra duties and service, the officers in the army of these States serving as sub and brigade uispect- ors be allowed, the former three rations a day and forage for three horses, and the latter two rations a day and forage for two horses, in lieu of all former rations and forage, both as officers in the line and as inspectors; their subsistence money as officers in the line to remain as heretofore. .Tuly 11, 1779. — " Lieutenant-Colonel Grosvenor,of the Connecticut line,is appointed subinspector." {Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor.) July 26, 1779. — Congress voted a silver medal to Lieutenant-Colonel Fleury for distinguished gallantry in the assault of the enemy's works at Stoney Point. August 11, 1779.- — "Lieutenant-Colonel Sprout is appointed subinspector in the Army." {Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House.) August m, 1779. Ordered, That Major Noirmont de la Neuvillc be allowed the pay and subsistence of a major while he shall continue a volunteer with the Army. September 27, 1779. — Colonel Fleury was granted leave of absence for nine months. December 17, 1779. — " bieutcnant-Colonel Barl)er is to do tlie duty of sul)inspect()r in Major-General Lord Stirling's division, and Lieutenant-Colonel Regnier in tlie division composed of Clinton's and Stark's brigades." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Morristown.) THE inspector-general's DEPARTMENT. 95 December 24, 1779. — ' ' Major Church, of the 4th Pennsylvania Regiment, is appointed brigade . . . inspector to General Hand's brigade." {Orders, General Head- quarters, Morristown. ) JaniMry 1, 1780. — "Captain Brice, of the 3d Maryland Regiment, is appointed brigade . . . inspector of the 1st Maryland Brigade till further orders." {Orders, General Ileadqaarters, Morristown.) Jamiary m, 1780. Resolved^ That Mr. Galvan receive the commission of major in the Army of the United States, and be employed in the inspectorship, as the Commander in Chief shall direct. * * * HesoJved, That in future the business of mustering the troops be performed by the inspectors of the Army, in such manner and under such regulations as the Commander in Chief shall direct, who is hereby authorized to make the arrangements respecting the same to Congress. January 26, 1780. — "Captain William Van Lear, of the 9th Pennsylvania Regiment, having done the duty of . . . brigade inspector of the 2nd Pennsylvania Brigade from the 12th day of December last, is appointed brigade . . . inspector of the same till further orders." (Orders, General Headquarters, Morristoivn.) July 6, 1780. — "Lt. Col. Barber is requested to undertake the subinspectorship of Hand' s, Max well' s, and Stark' s Ijrigades. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Praeaness. ) July IS, 1780. Resolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by order of the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a sepa- rate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many bag- gage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit: * * * Inspector-General, for his baggage according to his rank, and for his papers, etc. , according as the service may require or Com- mander in Chief may direct 1 bathorse. Subinspector 1 two-liorse wagon. Brigade inspector 1 two-horse wagon. -X- -x- * Rci^olved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and bathorses by these regulations there be issued ... as many rations as the service shall require. . . . ; Inspector-General agreeable to his rank; subinspector, in addition to what he draws in the line, one; . August 3, 1780. — " Major Pettingill, of the 9th Massachusetts Regiment, is appointed brigade inspector to the 4th Massachusetts Brigade from the 25th of July last." "Capt. Ashley, of the 1st Massachusetts Regt. (entitled to a majority), is appointed brigade inspector pro tern, to the 2nd Massachusetts Brigade." {Orders, General Headquarters, Peekskill. ) Augxist 5, 1780. — "Lt. Col. Smith is appointed inspector and will consider the light infantry in his department." "Major Rice is appointed inspector to Stark's brigade." "Major Scott, as oldest brigade inspector in General McDougall's division, will do the duty of inspector to the division." {Orders, General Headquarters, Peekskill.) August 8, 1780. — "Capt. Moses White, of Colonel Hazen's Regt., is appointed to do the duty of brigade inspector in General Poor's brigade till further orders, vice Major Scott, indisposed." {Orders, General Headquarters, Orangetown.) August 29, 1780. — "From the deficiency of tield officers in the Jersey brigade, and more particularly in tlie regiment to wiiich Lt. Col. l!arl)er belongs, he is permitted for the present to decline the duties of inspector and confine himself to those of his 96 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. regiment. Major Fish will in the meantime perform the duties of division inspector." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Tean Neck. ) September 8, 1780. — "Major Rosekrans will do the duty of brigade inspector to Clinton's Brigade during Major Fish's absence." {Orders, General Headquarters, Steenrapia. ) September 16, 1780. — "Major James Moore is appointed inspector to the 1st Penn- sylvania Brigade from the 21st of July last." [Orders, General Headquarters, Steen- rapia. ) September 26, 1780. PLAN OF THE INSPECTING AND MUSTERING DEPARTMENT. Whereas the institution of this department hath been found of great utility to the armies of these United States, and experience hath shown that it may be rendered still more useful by any extension of its powers and objects: Therefore Resolved, That the former establishment, by a resolution of the 18th of February, 1779, and all subsequent resolutions relative thereto, be repealed, and the department hereafter have the following form, pow- ers, and privileges: There shall be an inspector-general with the main army of the United States, to be appointed by Congress, who shall be allowed two secre- taries, in addition to the aids he is allowed in the line of the Army, to be taken from the line of captains and subalterns, who shall receive, in addition to their pay, 6 dollars per month. " There shall be one assistant inspector-general with the main army, who shall be adjutant-general for the time being, and shall receive, in addition to his pay, $10 per month; and one to every separate army, when consisting of two or more divisions, who shall be the deputy adjutant-general, and shall receive, in addition to his pay, 8 dollars per month. There shall be one inspector to each division of the Armj^ of the United States — one to the corps of cavalry and one to the corps of artillery — to be taken, when the service will admit, from the line of colonels and lieutenant-colonels, who shall be allowed, in addition to their pay, 7i dollars per month and forage for three horses, including what they are entitled to in the line of the Army, and one extra ration of provi- sion, when the state of the magazine will admit. There shall be one subinspector to every brigade in the Army of the United State, one to the corps of cavalry and one to the corps of artil- lery, if thought necessary by the Commander in Chief or commanding- officer of a separate army, to be taken from the line of majors in the brigade, when the sei-vice will admit, who shall be allowed, in addition to their pay, 5 dollars per month, and one extra ration, when the state of the magazines will admit. The Conmiander in Chief and commanding officer of a separate army are hereby empowered to appoint inspectors and subinspectors to the militia, while in active service, agreeable to the foregoing plan, who shall have the same powers, privileges, and emoluments as those serv- ing with the Continental Army. It shall 1)0 the duty of the Inspector-General to frame a system of regulations for the exercise and discipline of the troops in the man- ual, evolutions, and manoeuvres, for the service of guards and detach- ments, and for all camp and garrison duty, and if approved of by the Commander in Chief and ratified by Congress, such regulations shall be enforced by the orders of the Commander in Chief throughout the Army THE inspectoe-geneeal's depaetmekt. 97 The assistant inspectors-general shall assist in the general duties of the Department, agreeable to the directions they shall receive from the Inspector-General (through the order of the Commander in Chief), and when the inspector is not present shall have chief direction of the same, agreeable to the orders they may receive as aforesaid; and they shall nevertheless continue to perform their duties of adjutant and deputy adjutant-general. The inspectors shall attend to the execution of the regulations established for the army in their respective divisions, and in such garrisons as they may be ordered by the Inspector-General or the assistant inspector-general, at all times performing the duties of adju- tant-general to the .same; and when a detachment of more than one division is .sent from the Army the eldest inspector of the marching troops shall act as adjutant-general to the detachment. The subinspectors shall do the duty of majors of brigade to the bri- gades to which they belong, and attend to the execution of the regula- tions established for the Army in their respective brigades and such garrisons, detachments, and independent corps as they shall be ordered by the Inspector-General or assistant inspector-genera! with a separate army. The Inspector-General and the assistant inspector-general shall review and muster the troops in service once ever}^ month, at which review he or they shall inspect the number and condition of the men, their discipline, the state of their clothes, arms, accoutrements, and camp equipage; the number of rations the}^ haxe drawn since the last review, reporting such soldiers and recruits as are unfit for service to the major-general or commander of the division, the brigadier or com- mander of a regiment detached from the division or brigade to which such disabled soldier may belong, to be by them, or either of them, discharged or transferred to the corps of invalids if, on examination of the surgeon of the regiment, they shall be found unfit for further service in the field. But no such soldier shall be deemed legally dis- charged or transferred except his discharge or transference is signed by the major-general, brigadier, or commandant as aforesaid, and a certificate of his inability, specifying the nature of it, signed by the surgeon, is annexed thereto, noting at the same time all alterations that have happened since the last review or muster and, as far as pos- sible, in what manner, reporting them with the deficiencies, neglects, and abuses to the Commander in Chief or commanding ofiicer present and the board of war. At every muster three rolls shall be made out by the commanding officer of each troop or company, signed and sworn to by him, one of which rolls shall be returned to him certified by the mustering officer; one shall be retained by the mustering officer; the other shall be certi- fied and delivered to the regimental paymaster, to be affixed to the pay rolls. Each brigade shall be mustered by its subinspector under the super- intendency of the inspector of the division, who shall be responsible, with the subinspector, for the exactness and fidelity of the musters; and in like manner all garrisons, independent corps, and detachments shall be mustered by such inspector or subinspectors as the Inspector- General, or assistant inspector-general with a separate arm}^, shall order. The subinspectors shall deliver an abstract of all such musters, regimentally digested, to the inspector of the division, who shall digest S. Doc. 229 7 98 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. them into division abstracts, in the same form , and transmit them to the assistant inspectors-general, to be b}'- them transmitted to the Inspector- General, and in a separate arm}' to the commanding officer. The Inspector-General shall transmit, once every month, a copy of the abstracts of the musters of the whole Army to the Commander in Chief, and another to the board of war. No commanding officer of a regiment shall muster the regiment he commands, ))ut another inspector shall be ordered to do that duty bythe Inspector-General. The assistant inspector in a separate army shall do the same duties in that army as the Inspector-General doth in the main army, respect- ing the musters, according to the directions he shall receive and orders of the commanding officer. The conunissary of issues shall be obliged to deliver to the Inspector- General, and assistant inspector with a separate army, an abstract by brigades of the rations actually issued, and of all issues to all separate corps, garrisons, and detachments. All muster rolls shall be sworn to before a general officer, or com- mandant of a separate post or detachment, who are hereby empowered to administer the oath, and certify it on each muster roll, in the words following, to wit: "I, A B, do swear that this muster roll is a true state of the com- pany under my conunand, without fraud to the United States or to any individual, according to the best of my knowledge. "'A B, capt., lieut., ensign, or command't. " Sworn before me this day of , 17 — ." The mustering officers are empowered and directed to require from all the officers whoso troops are mustered all papers and vouchers relative to their enlistments and musters. The inspectors shall keep accounts with the officers commanding regiments of all arms and accouti-ements delivered their regiments and re-turned in by them. No arms or accoutrements shall be delivered without an order from the inspector of the division, to whom returns for arms and accoutrements wanted shall be made, in the form directed in the resolution for the order and discipline of the troops of these United States. All officers of the inspectorship shall retain their rights of command and promotion in the same manner as if they had not assumed the office. They are to suspend the exercise of their respective commands except when they happen to be the superior in the division brigade or regiment to which they belong, or when they are appointed to execute any particular service b}' the Commander in Chief, or com- manding officer of a separate army; and are exempt from all common camp and garrison duty that they ma}' attend to that of the inspect- ing, as well in the time of action as at other times. The Inspector-General, as often as the Commander in Chief shall think fit to order, shall visit every part of the Army, and review the same, to see that uniformity prevails throughout the armies of these United States. . The Inspector-General shall keep books in which the returns, &c. , passing through his office shall be registered. He shall be charged with collecting, in one or more volumes, all the resolves of Congress and regulations of the board of war relative to the Army. The travelling and other incidental expenses of the execution of the business of the office shall be settled by the auditors with the Army, THE inspectoe-geneeal's depaetment. 99 upon such principles as shall be established by the Commander in Chief, and paid out of the military chest. The Quartermaster-General shall furnish all necessary books, paper, &c. , for the Department. Each inspector shall be allowed, when the circumstances of the Army will permit, a marquee and common tent; each subinspector a horse- man's and common tent, if not provided for as officers in the line. All the regulations respecting the objects of this Department shall be finally approved and established by Congress; but, the exigency of the service requiring it, temporar}^ ones may from time to time be intro- duced by the Inspector-General, with the approbation of the Com- mander in Chief, and transmitted to the board of war within one month after their introduction, that, being examined and reported to Congress by them, the}^ may be rejected, altered, amended, or con- firmed, as Congress shall deem proper. Mesolved^ That Baron Steuben be, and hereby is, continued Inspector- General of the armies of these United States, and vested with power to appoint all officers necessary to carry the aforegoing plan into execution, they lieing first approved of by the Commander in Chief. Mesolred, That the assistant inspector be allowed 400 dollars per month, of the old emission, in addition to his pay as Adjutant-General, from the 1st da}^ of February last to the 1st day of October next. The inspectors shall be allowed, from the 1st day of February last to the 1st day of October, 300 dollars per month, of the old emission, and the subinspectors shall be allowed 200 dollars per month, of the old emission, from the first day of February aforesaid to the first day of October next, in addition to the pay and subsistence to which the}^ are entitled by their respective ranks. November 9, 1780. — "Major Oliver, inspector to the 1st Massachusetts Brigade, having obtained leave of absence, Captain Sewall, of the 12th Massachusetts Regt., is appointed to do that duty in his absence." {Orders, General Headquarters, Totowa.) Novemher 11, 1780. — "Captain Converse is to do the duty of brigade inspector to the 2nd Connecticut Brigade in the absence of Major Woodbridge." {Orders, Gen- eral Headquarters, Totowa. ) Mrvemher '28. 1780. Ordered, That . . . the Inspector-General ... be supplied with the journals of Congress. . . . Decemher ^, 1780. Resolved., That instead of the additional pay allowed to officers in the Inspector's Department, by the resolution of Congress of the 25th of September last, the following sums be allowed, viz: To the Adjutant-General, as assistant inspector, 35 dollars per month; To an assistant inspector in a separate army, 30 dollars per month; To a lieutenant-colonel, as inspector of a division, 25 dollars per month; To a major, as inspector of a brigade, 25 dollars per month. January i, 1781. A motion was made by Mr. Sullivan, seconded by Mr. Varnum, That Lieutenant-Colonel William Smith be continued as subin- 100 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. spector, with his present rank in the Army of the United States, to be employed as the Commander in Chief shall direct; On which the 3^eas and na3^s were required; and it was resolved in the affirmative. May 2, 1781. — Colonel Fleury was authorized to remain on furlough initil further orders. July 13, 1781. — "Captain Timothy Kemick, of the First Massachusetts Regt., is appointed to do the duty of inspector of the First Massachusetts Brigade." "Captain Seth Drew, of the Second Massachusetts Regt., is appointed to do the duty of inspector to the Second Massachusetts Brigade." "Captain Caleb Robinson, of the Second New Hampshire Regt., is appointed to do the duty of inspector to General Stark's brigade, vice Major Scott, resigned that office." {Orders, General Headquarters, near Bobbs Ferry.) July 14, 1781. — "Captain Converse, of the Second Connecticut Regt., is appointed to do the duty of inspector to the Second Connecticut Brigade." "Captain Warner, of the First Connecticut Regt., is appointed to do the duty of inspector to the First Connecticut Brigade. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, near Dobbs Ferry.) August 13, 1781. — "Captain Bleeker, of the FirstNew York Regiment, is'appointed to do the duty of inspector to the light troops under the command of Colonel Scam- mell." (Orders, General Headquarters luo place gwenl.) September 6, 1781. — "Major Piatt is apj^ointed division inspector to the division commanded by Major-General Lincoln. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Head of Elk. ) September 29, 1781. — "Major AVilliam Barber is appointed inspector to the division commanded by Major-General the Marquis de la Fayette." {Orders, General Head- quarters, Secretary\s Quarter. ) October 6, 1781. — "The division inspectors are to mount as majors of the trenches, with their respective major-generals." "Major Gal van is appointed division inspector to the division commanded by the major-general, the Baron de Steuben." {Orders, General Headquarters, before York.) October 31, 1781. — "Captain John Bankson, of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, is appointed inspector pro tem. to the troops under the orders of Major-General St. Clair." {Orders, General Headquarters, near York.) January 10, 1782. PLAN FOR CONDUCTING THE INSPECTOR'S DEPARTMENT. Resolved, That the establishment of the inspector's department by the resolutions of the 25th of September, 1780, and all subsequent reso- lutions relative thereto, be, and hereby are, repealed; and that the department hereafter have the following- form, powers, and privileges, viz: There shall be an Inspector-General of the armies of the United States, to be appointed by Congress from the general officers, and to be allowed one secretary in addition to the aids which he has in the line of the Army; the secretary shall be taken from the line and be entitled to the pay and emoluments of an aid-de-camp. There shall be one inspector for each separate armj^ to be taken from the field offi- cers of the line of the Army, to be allowed 30 dollars per month in addition to his pay and emoluments in the line. The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall, once in every month, in such time, place, and mode as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army shall direct, review and muster the troops of every denomination in service, at which review they shall inspect the number and condition of the men and horses, the discipline of the troops, the state of their arms, accoutrements, ammu nition, clothing, and camp equipage, and make returns thereof to the Commander m Chief or commanding- officer of a separate army, noting THE inspector-general's DEPARTMENT. 101 the delicieneie.s, neolects, and abuses, and, if possible, the manner in which they happened; and at the same time pointing out the altera- tions and amendnicMits they may think necessary in any branch of the military system, duplicates of which returns shall be transmitted by the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army to the Secretary at War. At the end of every review the commanding officer of the corps reviewed shall exercise his corps in the manual and evolutions before the inspector, so as to enal)le him to inspect and report the discipline of the troops agreeably to the foregoing paragraph; and when the Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army tinds it necessary to have particular evolutions or manoeuvres performed, either by one or several corps, he shall furnish a plan of such evolutions to the com- manding officer of the army, who will approve or amend them, and order them executed, as he may think proper. At every review the commanding officer of companies and corps shall produce to the inspector returns of the state of their respective companies and corps and such other papers and vouchers relative to the enlistment of the men as he shall think necessary; three muster rolls shall also be made out by the commanding officer of each troop or company and signed by him, one of which shall be returned to him, certified by the inspector, one shall be certified and delivered to the regimental paymaster, to be affixed to the pay rolls, and the other shall be retained by the inspector. The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall, as soon as possible after everj' mustei', transmit an abstract of the musters of the whole army in which he is serving to the commanding officer, who shall transmit a duplicate thereof to the Secretary at War. As soon as possible after every review the inspector shall report to the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army all such soldiers whom, from inability or other causes, it may be neces- sary to discharge or transfer to the invalids; and no discharge shall in future be valid unless signed by the Commander in Chief or officer commanding the army where such discharge is given. The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall be authorized to call on the Quartermaster-General, Clothier-General, and field commissary of military stores, or their deputies, for returns of the articles which have been issued from and returned to their several departments by each corps, that the inspectors may see whether every article so delivered has been regularly and satisfactorily accounted for or charged to the corps, agreeably to the established regulations. The Inspector-General or inspector of a separate army shall be authorized and required to visit the military hospitals of the United States from time to time to examine the general state of them and the treatment of the patients, which he shall report to the officer command- ing the Army; and the director, deputy director, or superintending surgeon of any hospital shall furnish them with such returns as they may find necessary for the better execution of their office. The Inspector-General shall himself, previous to the opening and at the close of every campaign, or as often as the Commander in Chief shall think fit to order, visit every part of the Army to see that uni- formity prevails throughout the armies of the ITnited States. The Inspector-General and inspectors of a separate army, in the execution of their offices, shall be subject only to the orders of Congress, 102 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. the Secretary of War, Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a separate army; and that the inspectors may attend the better to the duties of their offices they shall be exempted from all other duties, except when the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army shall think proper to order otherwise. All the returns in the Inspector\s Department are to be made agree- ably to the forms which shall l)e delivered by the Inspector-General. Each inspector of a separate army shall be allowed to take an officer from the line of captains or subalterns to assist him in the duties of his office, wdio shall be allowed ten dollars per month in addition to his pay in the line. Hesofred, That Major-General Baron Steuben be, and hereby is, continued Inspector-General of the armies of these United States and vested with power to appoint all officers necessary to cany the fore- going plan into execution, they being first approved of by the Com- mander in Chief. March m, 1782. Resolved., That so much of the act of Congress of Januarj^ 12, 1780, respecting Mr. Galvan, as directs that he be employed in the inspector- ship, as the Commander in Chief shall direct, be, and hereby is, repealed. July m, 1782. A motion was made by Mr. Duane, seconded by Mr. Root, That Baron Steuben receive, until the further order of Congress, in addition to his pay as major-general, 80 dollars per month for his traveling expenses in the execution of his office of Inspector-General, to be computed from the 10th day of January last. * * * . . . Resolved in the affirmative. October 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers. * * * Inspector-General, for his baggage, according to his rank, and for his papers as the Commander in Chief may direct. Inspectors, one two-horse wagon. -X- * * That there shall be allowed for saddle horses: * * * Inspector-General, agreeable to his rank. Inspector, in addition to what he draws in the line, 1 ration. * * * December 30, 1782. Resolved, That the Baron de Steuben be allowed 300 dollars per month, in lieu of his extra pa}^ and of subsistence and forage for him- THE inspectok-geneeal's depaktment. 103 self and famil}', including wagon as well as saddle horses, and that these allowances hereafter cease. February 11, i7r -;v * Sec. 3. That there shall be ... one Inspector-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major-general, and two aids-de- camp; . . . two assistant inspectors (who shall l)e taken from the line of the Army). . . . Sec. 1. . . . The aids-de-camp and assistant inspectors shall each be entitled to twenty-four dollars monthl}^, in -addition to their pay in the line, and to four rations of provisions each for their daily subsistence; and whenever forage shall not be furnished by the public to ten dollars per month in lieu thereof. -X- * * Act of March 3, 1799 {1 Stats., 71^9). AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 6. That when any officer shall be detached from a regiment to serve . . . as assistant or other inspector . . . the place of such officer in his regiment shall be supplied, b}^ promotion or new appointment, or both, as may be requisite; but the officer detached shall, nevertheless, retain his station in his regiment and shall rank and rise therein in the same manner as if he had not been detached. Sec. 7. That no officer shall be appointed as the inspector of a divi- sion who when appointed shall be of a rank higher than that of major, or as the inspector of a brigade who when appointed shall be of a rank higher than that of captain, or as the aid of a major-general who when appointed shall be of a rank higher than that of a captain. . . . * * * Sec. 13. That to any army of the United States other than that in which the Inspector-General shall serve there shall be a deputy inspector- general, who shall be a field officer, and who, in addition to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to fifty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services and traveling expenses; and that to every division of an army there shall be a division inspector, who, in addition to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to thirty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services and traveling expenses; and that to every brigade there shall be a brigade inspector, who, in addition to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to twenty-four dollars per month, which shall be in full ^Section 9 authorizes the appointment of an inspector of artillery, taken from the line of artillerists and engineers, to be allowed $30 per month in addition to his pay- in the line, 4 rations per day and $10 per month for forage when not furnished in kind. THE inspector-general's DEPARTMENT. 107 compensiition for his extra services and traveling expenses; each of which officers shall be chosen by the Inspector-General from among the regimental officers; the deputy inspector-general to be in every case approved by the general commanding the arm^^ to which he shall be annexed. Sec. 14. That the Adjutant-General of the Army shall be ex officio assistant inspector-general, and that (n'ery deputy inspector-general shall be e.f- officio deputy adjutant-general, and shall perform the duties of adjutant-general in the army to which he shall be annexed. -X- -X- -X- Sec. 26. That there shall be allowed to the Inspector-General, in addition to his allowance as major-general, and in full compensation for extra services and expenses in the execution of his office, the sum of fifty dollars per month, and that he shall lie allowed a secretary, to be appointed by himself, with the pay and emoluments of a captain. Act of March 16. 180^^ (^ Sfaf^., 132). AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of tlie United States. * * * Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one Adjutant and Inspector of the Army, to be taken from the line of field officers. * -X- * Sec. 1. That the monthly pay of the officers ... be as follows, to wit: ... To the Adjutant and Inspector of the Army, thirty- eight dollars in addition to his pay in the line. Act o/Mtrch m, 1808 (2 Stat^., 4.SI). AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force. * * * Sec. 3. That when in the opinion of the President of the United States a suitable proportion of the troops authorized by this act shall be raised, there may be appointed . . . two brigade inspectors; . . . the brigade inspectors appointed under this act shall be taken from the line. Sec. 1. That the compensation of the officers . . . shall be, viz: . . . each brigade inspector, thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pay in the line; . . . and to each six dollars per monthfor forage when not furnished: . . . I^ro/jided, The o facers . . . furnish their own horses and accoutrements, and actualh' keep in service the aforesaid number of horses to entitle them to the afore- going allowance for forage, or its equivalent in money. * * * Sec. 8. That in the recess of the Senate the President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint all or any of the officers, other than the general officers, proper to be appointed under this act, which appointments shall be submitted to the Senate, at the next session, for their advice and consent. ^ Under this act the offices of Inspector-General and Adjutant-General were united. 108 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 9. That every . . . .staff officer to be appointed in virtue of this act shall be a citizen of the United States, or some one of the Territories thereof. Act o/Ajjn'l Se, 1810 {2 Stats., 592). AN ACT regulating the post-otiice establishment. * -x- * Sec. 24. That letters and packets to and from the following officers of the United States shall be received and conveyed by post free of postage. . . . The Inspector ... of the Arm}-. . . . Aet (rfJanua/ry 11. 1812 (^2 Stats.. 671). AN ACT to raise an additional military force. * * * Sec. 4. That there shall ])e appointed . . . one Inspector- General, . . . with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a ])rigadier- general. . . . The said Inspector-General shall be allowed two assistant inspectors, to be taken from the line of the Arm}^, each of whom shall receive, while acting* in said capacity, the same pay and emoluments as by this act are allowed to a lieutenant-colonel. . . . Sec. 5. That when an officer is detached to serve as . . . an assistant to the . . . Inspector-General on the appointment of a general officer ... he shall not thereby lose his rank. * -X- * Sec. 25. That no . . . staff officer, who may be appointed by virtue of this act, shall be entitled to receive any pay or emoluments until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time than he shall continue therein. Aet of May 16. 1812 {2 Stats., 735). AN ACT making further provision for the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 3. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized to appoint, from the captains and subalterns of the line of the Army, so many su])inspcctors as the service may require, not exceeding one to each brigade; and such subinspectors shall each receive twenty-four dollars per month in addition to his pay in the line. Act of July 6. 1812 (2 Stats., 782). AN ACT respecting the pay of the Army of the United States. That . . . to a . . . brigade inspector and adjutant there shall be allowed forage for one horse only, or in lieu thereof ten dol- lars per month. THE INSPECTOR-GENEEAL's DEPARTMENT. 109 Act ofJtihj 6, mm {2 Stats., 784). AN ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That to any army of the United States, other than that in which the . . . Inspector-General ... of the Army shall serve, it shall be lawful for the President to appoint . . . one deputy inspector-general, . . . who shall be taken from the line of the Arni}^, and who shall each, in addition to his pay and other emoluments, be entitled to fifty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services. And that there shall be, to each of the foregoing deputies, such number of assistant deputies (not exceeding three to each department) as the pu])lic service may require, who shall, in like manner, be taken from the line, and who shall, each, be entitled to thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pay and other emoluments, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services: . . . And provided also, That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint any of the officers named in this act during the recess of the Senate, to be submitted to the Senate at their next meeting for their advice and consent. Sec. 3. That all letters and packages to and from the . Inspector-General shall be free from postage. Act of March. 3, 1813 {2 Stats., 819). AN ACT for the better organization of the general staff of the Army of the United States. That the . . . Inspector-General's . . . departments shall consist of the following officers, that is to say, an Adjutant and Inspector- General, with the rank, pay, and emolument of a brigadier-general, and not exceeding . . . eight inspectors-general, sixteen assistant in.speetors-general. Sec. 2, That the President of the United States be, and is hereby, authorized, if he shall deem it expedient, to assign one of the brigadiers- general to the principal Army of the United States, who shall, in such case, act as Adjutant and Inspector-General, and as chief of staff of such Army. . . Sec. 3. That . . . all the other inspectors-general shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emolimients of a colonel of infantry; the . . . assistant inspectors-general . . . shall have the l)revet rank and the pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry. . . . Sec. 4. That . . . the assistant inspectors-general . . . shall betaken from the line. The . . . inspectors -general . . . may be taken from the line or not, as the President m-ay deem expedient. Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the Adjutant and Inspector-General, . . . inspectors-general, . . . which relate to their official duties, shall be free from postage. 110 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 3, 1815 {3 Stats., 2^). AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . four brigade inspectors, . . . The brigade inspectors appointed under this act shall be taken from the line. May 17, IS 15. . . . And the President of the United States has further judged proper, that, in addition to the provision for a general staff, which is specifically- made by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained, under the special authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge, with- out material iniurv to the service; and that the following shall be the CiENERAL STAFF. An adjutant and Inspector-General, to be provisionally retained. Four brigade inspectors. {General Orders, A. and I. G.'s Office.) Act of April U, 1816 {3 Stats., 297). AN AC'T for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. That, in addition to the act providing- for a military peace establish- ment, the provisions of the act of March the third, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, for the better organization of the general stall' be, and the same are hereby, so far established that the general stall shall in future consist of one adjutant and inspector general of the Army, and . . . one inspector-general . . . and an assistant , . . to every brigade, which shall supersede the brigade . . . inspectors now existing, * * * Act of April U, 1818 (3 Stats., 1^26). AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army. Sec. 5. That the pay and emoluments of the inspector-generals of divisions be, and is hereby, raised to be equal to the pay and emolu- ments of the adjutant-generals of division. Act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stats., 615). AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 6. That there shall be . . , two inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry. THE IWSPECTOE-GENEBAL's DEPARTMENT. Ill Act of March 3, 1825 (^ Stats., 127). AN ACT to authorize the sale of unserviceable ordnance, arms, and military stores. •X- * * Sec. 2, That the inspection or survey of the unserviceable stores shall be made b}- an inspector-general or such other officer or officers as the Secretar}" of War may appoint for that purpose. . . . Act of 3f arch 2, 1827 {Jp Stats., 238). AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department. -X- * -X- Sec. 4. That the . . . inspectors-general . . . be author- ized to frank, and to receive letters and packets by post free of postage. . . . * * * Act of July S, 1838 {5 Stats., 256). AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other j^urposes. * * x Sec. T. The Presidentis authorized to appoint two assistant adjutants- general, with the brevet rank of major, and four, with the brevet rank of captain, who shall be taken from the line of the army, and in addi- tion to their own shall perform the duties of assistant inspectors- general when the circumstances of the service may require. * * * Act of August 23, 184,2 {5 Stats., 512). AN ACT respecting the organization of the Army, and for other purposes. * -x * Sec. 4. That within one month of the passage of this act the offices of one inspector-general . . . shall be abolished. . . . Act ofJamtarij 12, 18^6 {9 Stats., 2). AN ACT to repeal the act which abolished the office of one of the inspectors-general of the Army, and to revive and establish said office. * That so much of the fourth section of an act approved the twenty- third day of August, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two, entitled "An act respecting the organization of the Army, and for other pur- poses," as directs that the office of one inspector-general of the Army shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed; and all acts and parts of acts so repealed shall be, and the same hereby are, revived and con- tinued in force. Act of August 3, 1861 {12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military establishment. -X * -x Sec. 2. That the President be, and he is hereb}^, authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in addition 112 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. to the number authorized by existing laws and in accordance with existing regulations, five assistant inspectors-general, with the rank and pay of majors of cavalry . . . , to have the pay, rank, and allowance and perform the duties of similar officers in the present military establishment. . . Aet ofAugvst 6, 1861 {P2 Stats., SIT). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Engineer and Topograi^hical Engineer Corps, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 4.^ That the President of the United States is hereby author- ized to appoint two additional inspectors-general for the United States Army, said inspectors-general to have the same rank and receive the same pay and allowances as now provided by law for inspectors- general. •st -K" ^ Act of July 17, 1869. {12 Stats., 597). AN ACT to amend the act calUng forth the niihtia to execute tlie laws of the Union, suppress insurrection, and repel invasion, approved February twenty-eighth, seven- teen hundred and ninety-five, and the act amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. * -X- * Sec. 10. That each army corps shall have . . . one assistant inspector-general, who shall bear, . . . , the rank of lieutenant- colonel, and who shall be assigned from the army or volunteer force by the President. . . . Act of July 28, 1866 {U Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * -X- * Si':c. 11. That there shall be four inspectors-general of the Army,^ with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry; three assistant inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry, and two assistant inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry. * * * Act of March 3, 1869 {15 Stats., 31^. AN AC'T making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 0. That, until otherwise directed by law, there shall be no new appointments and no promotions . . . m the Inspector-General's Department. . . ^ Section 4 of this act is repealed by section 8 of act of same date (12 Stats., 318). ^ Insjiectors-general to designate, from time to time, what articles shall be kept by the Subsistence Department for sale to enlisted men. Provision repealed ;n section 1144, Revised Statutes. THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL S DEPARTMENT. 113 Act of June 8, 1872 {17 Stats., 338). AN ACT to authorize an appointment in the Inspector-General's Department. That the President be, and hereb}' is, authorized to nominate, and, b}^ and with the adv^ice and consent of the Senate, to appoint Nelson H. Davis, of the Inspector-Generars Department, to the rank and place therein to which he is entitled, and wdiich he would have held had the law of promotions by seniority under the act of March third, eighteen hundred and fifty-one and the army regulations of eighteen hundred and sixty-three been carried out: Provided^ That no officer in said department shall, by this act, be reduced from his present grade, nor shall any pay or allowance be made to any officer under it, except from the date of his confirmation: And provided further. That no pro- motion to the grade of inspector-general shall hereafter be made until the number of inspectors-general is reduced to four. Act of March 3, 1873 {17 Stats., 582). AN ACT to provide for the estabUshment of a mihtary prison, and for its government. * * * Sec. 5. That one of the inspectors of the Army shall, at least once in three months, visit the prison for the purpose of examining into books and all the affairs thereof, and ascertain whether the laws, rules, and regulations relating thereto are complied with, the officers are competent and faithful, and the convicts properly governed and employed, and at the same time treated with humanity and kindness. And it shall be the duty of the inspector, at once, to make full report thereof to the Secretary of War. * * * Act of June 16, 187 J^ {18 Stats., 77). AN ACT to authorize an appointment in the Inspector-General's. Department. Whereas a vacancy of lieutenant-colonel in the Inspector-General's Department of the Army originated on the thirteenth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, to which Major Absalom Baird was entitled to be promoted under the laws then in existence, but from which he was excluded by reason of another appointment in said department previously made, and whereas an act of Congress approved June eighth, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, which was passed with the intention of rectifying this wrong, has failed to secure to Major Baird his just rights: Therefore, That the President be, and hereby is, authorized to nominate and promote A])salom Baird to 1)6 lieutenant-colonel and assistant inspector- general, to date from June thirteenth, eighteen hiuidred and sixty- seven; but no pay or allowance shall be made to him for any time prior to the passage of this act. Act of June 23, 187 J^ {18 Stats., 2U)- AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army. That the Inspector-GeneraFs Department shall consist of one colonel, two lieutenant-colonels, and two majors, with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of officers of said grades; that the Secretary of War may, in addition, detail officers of the line, not to exceed four, to act as inspectors-general: Provided, That officers of the line detailed as acting S. Doc. 229 8 114 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. inspectors-general shall have all the allowances of cavalry officers of their respective grades; and no new appointment shall be made in the Inspector-General's Department until tlie number of inspectors-general is reduced to five. * * * Sec, 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or mustered out b}^ reason of any provision of law herein made reducing the number of officers in any department or corps of the staff. * * * REVISED STATUTES— SECOND EDITION— 1878. •X- * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of — * * * An Inspector-General's Department. * * * Sec. 1131. There shall be five inspectors-general of the Armj^ witii the rank of colonel of cavalry; provided no promotion shall be made until the number of inspectors-general is reduced to four; one assistant inspector-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; and two assistant inspectors-general, with the rank of major of cavahy. * * * Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in the departments ... of inspector-general. * * * Sec. 1348. One of the inspectors of the Army shall, at least once in three months, visit the [Military] prison for the purpose of examining into the books and all the affairs thereof, and ascertaining whether the laws, rules, and regulations relating thereto are complied with, the officers are competent and faithful, and the convicts properly governed and employed, and at the same time treated with humanity and kind- ness. And it shall be the duty of the inspector, at once, to make full report thereof to the Secretary of War. * * * STATUTES AT LARGE. Act ofDecemlcr 12, 1878 {20 Stats., 257). AN ACT establishing the rank of the senior inspector-general. That from and after the passage of this act the rank of the senior inspector-general of the United States Army shall be brigadier-gen- eral; but no pay or allowances shall be made to said officer other than from the date of appointment under this act: And provided, That nothing herein enacted shall authorize any increase in the number or the rank of the other officers of the Inspector-General's Department as fixed by the first section of the act of June twenty-third, eighteen hundred and seventy-four. Act of March 3, 1883 {22 Stats., 564). AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home located at Washington, in the District of ColumlMa, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That the Inspector-General of the Army shall, in person, once in each year thoroughly inspect the Home, its records, accounts, THE inspectoe-geneeal's depaetment. 115 management, discipline, and sanitary condition, and shall report thereon in writing, together with such suggestions as he desires to make. Act ofFehruarij 5, 1885 {23 Stats., 297). AN ACT relative to the Inspector-General's Department of the Army. That the Inspector-General's Department of the Army shall here- after consist of one Inspector-General, with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of brigadier-general; two inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonel; two inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonel; and two inspectors-general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of major: Provided, That the offices restored to the Inspector-General's Department, or added thereto, by this act, shall be filled by promotion of the officers now in that Department; and that thereafter appointments to fill vacancies in the Inspector-General's Department, and promotions therein, shall be made in conformity with sections eleven hundred and twenty-nine, eleven hundred and ninety-three, and twelve hundred and four of the Revised Statutes of the United States, and in the same manner as in the other stafl:' departments of the Army. And all laws or parts of laws conflict- ing with this act are hereby repealed. Act of January 19, 1891 {26 Stats., 722). AN ACT to amend sections thirteen hundred and forty-six and thirteen hundred and forty-eight of the Revised Statutes of the United States, in reference to the visita- tion and inspection of the Military Prison and examination of its accounts and government. * * * "Sec. 1348. One of the inspectors-general of the Army shall, at least once each year, visit the prison for the purpose of examining into the books and all the affairs thereof, and ascertaining whether the laws, rules, and regulations relating thereto are complied with, the officers are competent and faithful, and the convicts properly governed and employed, and at the same time treated with humanity and kindness. And it shall be the duty of the inspector, at once, to make full report thereof to the Secretary of War." Act of August 6, 189 J^ {28 Stats., AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. FOR TAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. . . . Pi'ovlded, That . . . hereafter all appointments to fill vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Inspector-General's . . . Department, respectively, shall be made from the next lowest grade in the line of the Army. 116 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. Act o/Angmf IS, 1894. i^S Stats., 372). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. * * * NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS. * * * That hereafter, once in each fiscal .vear, the Secretary of War shall cause a thorough inspection to be made of the National Home for Dis- abled Volunteer Soldiers, its records, disbursements, management, discipline, and condition, such inspection to be made by an officer of the Inspector-General's Department, who shall report thereon in writ- ing, and said report shall be transmitted to Congress at the first session thereafter. * * * Act of April '2%, 1898 {30 Stats., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall consist of . . . one inspector-general, . . . who shall have the rank of lieutenant-colonel; . . . the staff' of the com- mander of a division shall consist of . . . one inspector-general, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of major. . , . Act of July 7, 1898 (30 Stats., 720). AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase in the Inspector-denerars Department of the Army. That the President is authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint one inspector-general with the rank of colonel, one inspector-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and one inspector-general with the rank of major: Proridrd, That the vacan- cies created in the grade of colonel and lieutenant-colonel by this act shall be filled l)y the promotion of officers noAv in the Inspector-General's Department according to seniority, and that upon the mustering out of the volunteer forces and the reduction of the Regular Arni}^ to a peace basis no appointments sliall be made in the Inspector-General's Depart- ment until the number of officers in each grade in that department shall be reduced to the number now authorized by law. Act of March 2, 1899 {30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of . . . an Inspector-General's Depart- ment. THE inspeotoe-geneeal's depaetment. 117 Sec. 6. That the . . . luspector-General's departments shall consist of the number of officers now in those departments, respectively: Provided^ That vacancies in the grade of major occurring in either department shall hereafter be tilled from captains in the line of the Army: And ])rovlded fwrtlier^ That all such captains who have evinced marked aptitude in the command of troops shall be reported by their regimental commanders to the War Department and snail be entitled to compete for any such vacancy under such system of examination as the President shall prescribe. * * * Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in service, or to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the volunteer staff as follows: * * * Three inspectors-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and six inspectors-general with the rank of major. Act of February ^, 1901 {31 Stats., ). AN ACT To increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this Act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of . . . an Inspector- General's Department. . . . -X- -X- * Sec. 14. That the Inspector-GeneraPs Department shall consist of one Inspector-General with the rank of brigadier-general, four inspect- ors-general with the rank of colonel, four inspectors-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and eight inspectors-general with the rank of major: Provided, That all vacancies created or caused by this section shall be tilled, as far as possible, by promotion according to seniority of officers of the Inspector-General's Department. * * * Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding* perma- nent appointments in the . . . Inspector-General's Department, including those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of cap- tain and tirst lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty-one, and twenty-four of this Act, they shall be promoted according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur, which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section, it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more permanent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps after the original vacancies created by this Act shall have been filled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacan- cies exist, under such system of examination as the President may from time to time prescribe. 118 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the expiration of which time they shall return to duty with the line, and officers below the rank of lieiitenant-colonel shall not again be ehgible for selection in any staff department until they shall have served two years with the line. .,•<.<. 4. «> That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any stall corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office f o Aerms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff' corps or department is tilled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro- vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief ol' a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart- ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or departmant shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff for tours of service under this Act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff shall be filled bv officers returning from tours of staff duty. If under the operation of this Act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions' to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. * * * Act ofMa/rch ^, 1901 {31 Stats., —). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending Jime thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. * * * Provided, That upon the occurrence of a vacancy in the grade of colonel in the Inspector-General's Department after the present lieu- tenant-colonels therein shall have been promoted or retired, such vacancy shall not be filled, and thereafter the number of officers author- ized for that department shall be as follows: One Inspector-General with the rank of brigadier-general; three inspectors-general with the rank of colonel; four inspectors-general with the rank of lieutenant- colonel, and nine inspectors-general with the rank of major. * * * Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Inspector-General's Department . . . may be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty- first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. . . . ly.-THE JUDGE-ADYOCATE-GENERAUS DEPARTMENT. 119 THE JLDGE-ADYOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. The offices of " Judge- Advocate-General " and " Judge- Advocate of the Arm}"" (the lirst named, created in 1775, when William Tudor, a law pupil of John Adams and a leading counselor of Boston, was elected to that position) lapsed in 1802, the act of March 16, of that year, limiting the line of the Army to three regiments. The last named was revived by the act of January 11, 1812, and again discon- tinued on the reorganization of the Army in 1821. The act of March 2, 1819, authorized the President to appoint a suitable person as Judge- Advocate of the Army. The Bureau of Military Justice was created June 20, 1861, but b}^ the act of July 5, 1881, it was, with the corps of judge-advocates, consolidated under the title of "Judge-Advocate- General's Department." 1775-1802. July 29, 1775.— Lieut. Col. William Tudor. Apr. 10, 1777. — Lieut. Col. John Lawrence. July 9, 1782. — James Innis, esq. Sept. 18, 1782.— Maj. Richard Howell. Oct. 2, 1782. — Lieut. Thomas Edwards, Ninth Massachusetts. June 2, 1797. — Capt. Campbell Smith, Fourth Infantry. 1812-1821. Northern Division. Sept. 26, 1812.— Maj. Thomas Gales ( ). Aug. 6, 1814. — Henry Wheaton, esq. (New York). 1817.— Rider H. AVinder, esq. (Maryland). 1818. — Samuel H. Storrow, esq. (Massachusetts). Southern J}ivision. . Mar. 18, 1813. — Everett A. Bancker, esq. (New York) . July 9, 1814.— Rider H. Winder, esq. (Maryland) . 1815. — James T. Dent, esq. (Georgia). 1818. — Samuel H. Storrow, esq. (Massachusetts). Sept. 10, 1818. — Stockley D. Hays, esq. (Tennessee). 1849-1901. INIar. 2, 1849. — Bvt. iNIaj. John F. Lee, captain of ordnance (Virginia). July 31, 1862.— Maj. Levi C. Turner (New York) . Sept. 3, 1862.— Col. (Brig. Gen. June 22, 1864) Joseph Holt (District of Columbia) . Dec. 1, 1875. — Brig. Gen. William McK. Dunn (Indiana) . Feb. 18, 1881.— Brig. Gen. David G. Swaim (Ohio). Jan. 3, 1895.— Brig. Gen. Guido N. Lieber (New York).. 121 THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. Jnly 29, lll-'j. ResoUk'd, That the pa}" of the. . . . be . . . ->:- -X- * Judge- Advocate, twenty dollars per do. (month). •K- -X- % William Tud'or, esq., was elected Judge-Advocate of the Army. July 30, 1775. — "William Tudor, esq., being appointed Judge- Advocate of the Continental Army, he is in all things relative to his otfice to be acknowledged and obeyed as such." {('hxlers, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) Septemhei' '21, 1776. Resolved., . . . That the pay of the Judge-Advocate in the Army in the Massachusetts Bay, for himself and his clerk, be lifty dollars per month from the time of his appointment. January 7, 1776. — "That no mistake in regard to the said articles [new Articles of War] may possibly happen, each book is . . . countersigned upon the title page by William Tudor, esq. , Judge- Advocate of the Army of the United Colonies. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) May 6, 1776. Resolved, That John Taylor be appointed judge-advocate to the continental troops in the colony of Virginia. August 10, 1776. Resolved, That William Tudor, Judge-Advocate-General, have the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Army of the United States. Septemhe7' 20, 1776. Congress resumed the consideration of the Articles of War, which, being debated by paragraphs, were agreed to, as follows: * * * SECTION XIV. * * * Art. 3, The Judge-Advocate-General, or some person deputed by him, shall prosecute in the name of the United States of America. * «• * 123 124 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Octoler M, 1776. Resolved., . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled, be as follows: To the . . . deputy judge-advocate, 6 rations, . . April 10, 1777. — " John Lawrence, esq., is appointed judge-advocate in the room of Wilham Tudor, esq., who has resigned." {Orders, General Headquarters, Morris- totvn. ) April 11, 1777. Resolved., . . . That the pay of the judge-advocate be raised to 60 dollars a month. May 27, 1777. Resolved, That if General Gates, before General Schuyler's arrival at Albany, shall have appointed a . . . deputy judge-advocate for the northern army, the said appointments be confirmed; if not, that General Schuyler be empowered to make these appointments. June 6, 1777. Resolved, That the deputy judge-advocate in the northern arm}^ and the deputy judge-advocate of the division of the Army now at Peek's- Kill, be allowed the rank, pay, and rations of captains. November 20, 1777. — " Lieutenant John Marshall is, by the Judge-Advocate-General, appointed deputy judge-advocate in the Army of the United States." {Orders, Ge)i.- eral Headquarters, White-Marsh. ) February 5, 1778. — To assist and cooperate with the judge-advocate in 'conducting the trial of general officers who were in the Northern Department when Ticon- deroga and Mount Independence were evacuated, Congress authorized the appoint- ment of two counselors, and elected Jonathan D. Sergeant, esq., attorney-general of Pennsylvania, and William Patterson, esq., attorney-general of New Jersey. February 17, 1778. Resolved, That Brigadier R. Howe's appointment of Henry Purcell, to be deputy judge-advocate-general for the States of South Carolina and Georgia, be confirmed. March 27, 1778. Resolved, That John Lawrence, esq.. Judge- Advocate-General, be hereafter allowed 75 dollars per month, his former rations, and forage for two horses. November 13, 1778. Resolved, That the commanding officer in the Southern Department be empowered, if he shall find it necessar}^, to appoint a deput}^ judge- advocate for the troops in Georgia, to act so long as occasion requires, and to be entitled to the usual monthly pay and allowance. THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GEKERAL's DEPARTMENT. 125 Bovemher 16, 1779. Resolved, That it be recommended to the executive authority of the respective States, upon the application of the judge-advocate for that purpose, to grant proper writs requiring and compelling the person or persons whose att(Midance shall lie requested l^y the said judge to appear and give testimon}' in any cause depending before a court- ni;irtial; and that it be recommended to the legislatures of the several States to vest the necessary powers for the purposes aforesaid in their executive authorities, if the same lie not already done. Resolved, That in cases not capital in trials in court-martial, deposi- tions may be given in evidence, provided the prosecutor and person accused are present at the taking of the same. Decemher 21, 1779. Resolved, That until the further order of Congress, the subsistence of a judge-advocate be the same as the present subsistence of a col- onel; and that the subsistence of a deputy judge-advocate be the same as the present subsistence of a lieutenant-colonel. Decemher '2Jf., 1779. Resolved, That on the trials of cases not capital before courts-martial, the depositions of witnesses not in the line or staff of the Arm}" may be taken before some justice of the peace, and read in evidence, pro- vided the prosecutor and person accused are present at the taking the same, or that notice be given of the times and places of taking such depositions to the opposite party four days previous thereto, when the witness reside within the distance of thirty miles from such party, and six days when the witness reside above the distance of thirty, and not exceeding eighty miles, and a reasonable time for a greater distance. * * * Resolrc'd, That to encourage witnesses who do not belong to the Army to attend on courts-martial and give their evidence viva voce when required by the judge-advocate, the reasonable expenses of such witnesses shall be defrayed by the United States, and paid by the pay- master to the board of war and ordnance, being first adjusted by the said board. Decemher 24, 1779. — "The honorable the Board of War, having procured a small supply of shirts and linen, and directed the distribution of them among the officers of the . . . staff, who are not adopted by any State, the clothier-general is to deliver them, upon returns signed by the . ." . heads of the following corps and departments at the rates directed by a resolve of Congress of the 25th of November last. . . . Judge-Advocate." . . . {Orders, General Headquarters, Morris- foini.) Aj)ril. 9, 17S0. — "Lieutenant Edwards, of Col. Jackson's regiment, is appointed deputy judge-advocate in the Army of the United States." {Orders, General Head- quarters, Morristown. ) July 16, 1780. Resolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by order of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a sepa- 126 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. rate army, each of whom to ])e allowed for themselves so many baggage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit: * * * Judffe- Advocate 1 two-liorse wagon or 2 bathorses. -X- * * Deputy judge-advocate with a separate army 1 two-horse wagon or 2 bathorses. * -X- * Mesol/ved, That in addition . , . there be issued ... as many rations as the service shall require. . . . Judge-Advocate, two. ... jVmmnher 10, 1780. Besolved, That the salary of John Lawrence, as Judge- Advocate, be settled at the rate of 60 dollars per month, from the time of his appointment to the 27th of March, 1778, and from that day to the 1st of August last, at the rate of 75 dollars per month; that the deprecia- tion on his pay shall be adjusted on the same principles as are directed with respect to that part of the line of the Army which is to be pro- vided for by Congress; that from the lirst day of August last, his pay and appointments be 140 dollars per month, 2 rations per day, exclu- sive of what is allowed to the office by the arrangement of the Quar- termaster's Department. That Mr. Edwards, besides his pay as a lieutenant, shall be entitled to an addition of 15 dollars per month as deputy judge-advocate, and that Mr. Strong shall, in all respects, excepting the rank of lieutenant, be entitled to the pay and appointments provided for Mr. Edwards for the time he hath or shall continue to execute the office of deputy judge-advocate, Sejytemler 28, 1781. Resolved, That it be, and hereby is, recommended to the States of which the Judge- Advocate and his assistants are respectively inhabit- ants to settle with them for the depreciation of their pay on the prin- ciples adopted in settlements with the officers of their respective State line. .Tune 3, 1782. — Congress accepted the resignation of John Lawrence, Judge- Advocate. Jidy 0, 1782. Congress proceeded to the election of a Judge-Advocate for the Army, and, the ballots being taken, James Innis, esq., was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Bland, Va. July lU 1782. ResoUed, That the pay of the Judge- Advocate for the Army of the United States be 75 dollars per month; that he be allowed two rations per day, and 12| dollars per month for subsistence; also a two-horse wagon, with forage for two saddle horses; that he be also allowed for a servant 6| dollars per month, for which servant he shall be entitled to draw the rations and clothing of a private in the Army. THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENEEAl's DEPAETMEISTT. 127 Resolved^ That the pay of a deputj'^ judge-advocate for the southern army, who shall be taken from the line, be 60 dollars per month, including- his pay in the line; that he be allowed two rations per da}^, and 12f dollars per month for subsistence, including what he may be entitled to as an officer in the line; also a two-horse wagon, with forage for two saddle horses, including what he may be entitled to as an officer of the line; that he be also allowed for a servant 6f dollars per month, for which servant he shall l)e entitled to draw the rations and clothing of a private in the Army. In this last case he shall not bo allowed a servant from the line. Resolved^ That the deputy judge-advocate employed in the same arm}'' with the Judge-Advocate be taken from the lino of the Army, who shall receive, in addition to his pay in the line, 15 dollars per month; that he be also allowed for a servant the same as the Judge- Advocate, and that ho l)e allowed forage for one saddle horse. Resolved^ That all resolutions heretofore passed respecting the pay and allowance in the department of Judge-Advocate be, and the same are hereb}^, repealed. September 12, 1182. — IVIr. Innis having'failed to signify his acceptance and it having been intimated that he would decline the office, Congress, September 18, elected Major Howell in his place, who, in turn, declined the office of Judge-Advocate, October 1, 1782. Sejjtemher 1S\ 1782. Congress proceeded to the election of a Judge- Advocate, and, the , ballots being taken, ■ Major Richard Howell was elected, having been previously nomi- nated by Mr. Boudinot. (Mto7M'/' 2, 1782. Congress proceeded to the election of a Judge-Advocate, and, the ballots being taken, Lieutenant Thomas Edwards was elected, having l)een previously nominated b}' Mr. Duane. October!, 1782. "The honorable the Congress of the United States [has] been pleased by their resolutions of the 2d October, to appoint Lt. Thomas Edwards, of the 9th Massachusetts Regt., to be Judge- Advocate of the Army." {Orders, General Headquarters, Verpank^s I'oint.) October 23, 1782. Resolved., . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different rank of officers: . Judge-Advocate, one two-horse wagon. Deputy judge-advocate for the southern army, one two-horse wagon. -X- -X- * That there shall be allow^ed for saddle horses: * * * Judge- Advocate, 2 rations. Deputy with a separate army, 2 rations. * -X- * November 12, 1782. "Lt. Samuel Cogswell, of the 9th Massachusetts Eegt., is appointed deputy judge-advocate." {Orders, General Headquarters, Netcburgh.) 128 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GETSTERAL STAFF OF U, S. ARMY. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March S, 1797 (1 Stats., 507). AN ACT to amend and repeal, in part, the act entitled "An act to ascertain and fix the military establishment of the United States." * * * Sec. 2. That there shall be . . . one judge-advocate, who shall be taken from the commissioned officers of the line, and shall be entitled to receive two rations extra per day and twenty-five dollars per month, in addition to his pay in the line; and whenever forage shall not be furnished b}^ the public, to ten dollars per month in lieu thereof. * vS- «■ Act ofAjyril 10, 1806 (;.^ Stats., 359). AN ACT for establishmg rules and articles for the government of the armies of the United States. Article G9. The judge-advocate, or some person deputed by him, or by the general or officer commanding the army detachment or gar- rison, shall prosecute in the name of the United States, but shall so far consider himself as counsel for the prisoner, after the said prisoner shall have made his plea, as to object to any leading question to any of the witnesses, or any question to the prisoner, the answer to which might tend to criminate himself; and administer to each member of the court before they proceed upon any trial the following oath: . "You, A. B., do swear that you will well and truly try and deter- mine according to evidence the matter now before you between the United States of America and the prisoner to be tried, and that you will duly administer justice, according to the provisions of 'An act establishing rules and articles for the governnment of the armies of the United States,' without partiality, favor or affection; and if any doubt shall arise, not^explained by said articles, according to your conscience, the best of your understanding, and the custom of war in like cases; and you do further swear that you will not divulge the sentence of the court until it shall be published by the proper authority; neither will yOu disclose or discover the vote or opinion of any partic- ular member of the court-martial, unless required to give evidence thereof as a witness, by a court of justice, in a due course or law. So help you God.'''' And as soon as the said oath shall have been administered to the respective members the president of the court shall administer to the judge- advocate, or person officiating as such, an oath in the following words: "You, A. B.,do swear that you will not disclose or discover the vote or opinion of any particular member of the court-martial, unless required to give evidence thereof as a witness, by a court of justice, in due course of law; nor divulge the sentence of the court, to an}" but the proper authority, until it shall be duly disclosed by the same. So Jielp you God.-'' THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENEEAl/s DEPARTMENT. 129 Article 90. Every judge-ad v^ocate, or person officiating as such, at any general court-martial, shall transmit, with as much expedition as the opportunity of time and distance of place can admit, the original proceedings and sentence of such court-martial to the Secretary of War; said original proceedings and sentence shall l)e carefully kept and pi-esery(>d in the office of said Secretary, to the end that the per- sons entitled thereto may be enabled, upon application to the said office, to obtain copies thereof. Act ofJaiinani lU 1812 {2 Stats., 671). AN ACT to raise an ailditioual military force. * -X- * Sec. 10. That there shall be appointed to each diyision a judge- adyocate, who shall be entitled to the same ])ay and emoluments as a major in the infantry; or, if taken from the line of the Army, shall be entitled to thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pay, and the same allowance for forage as is allowed by law for a major of infantry. i^ * * Sec. 25. That no . . . staff officer who may l)e appointed by yirtue of this act shall be entitled to receive any pay or emoluments until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time than he shall continue therein. May 17, IS 15. . . . The acts of Congress . . . remain in force; as well aa certain acts antliorizing tlie appointment of judge-advocates. . . . {General Orders, A. and I. (!.'s Office.) Act of Ajyril 2J^, 1816 {J Stats., 297). AN ACT for organizing tlie general staff and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. Sec. 2. That . . . there be three judge-advocates to each divi- sion . . . who shall ^'eceivc the pay and emoluments of a major, as heretofore allowed. Act of April IJf, 181S {.3 Stats., 4.26). AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army. That SO much of the . . . "act for organizing the general staff, and making further provision for the Army of the United States," passed April 21, 1816, as relates to . . . judge-advocates . . . be, and the same is hcre])y, repealed. Sec. 2. That there shall be . . . one judge-advocate, with the pay and emoluments of a topographical engineer, to each division. . . . * * * S. Doc. 229 9 130 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U, S. ARMY. Act of Mrrch 2, 1<%9 {9 Sfat.^., Ml). AN ACT to provide for an increase of the medical staff and for an additional nuniljer of chaplains of the Army of the United States. •;:• * * Sec. 4. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, l\y and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint a suitable person as judge-advocate for the Army, to be tal\en from the captains in the Army, who shall have the brevet rank, pay, and emoluments of a major of cavalry. . . . Act of July 17, 1863 {1'2 Statx., 597). AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eighth, seventeen hundred and ninety-tive, and the acts amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. Sec. 5. That the President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a Judge-Advocate-General. with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry, to whose office shall be returned for revision the records and proceedings of all the courts-martial and military commissions, and where a record shall be kept of all proceed- ings had thereupon. And no sentence of death or imprisonment in the penitentiary shall be carried into execution until the same shall have been approved l)y the President. Sec. 0, That tliere may be appointed by the President, l)y and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for each army in the tield a judge-advocate, with the rank, pay, and emoluments each of a major of cavalry, who shall perform the duties of judge-advocate for the army to which they respectively belong, under the direction of the Judge-Advocate-General. Act (f March 3, 1863 {12 Stat.^., 7^3). AN ACT ffir cm-olling and calling out the national forces and for other j)nrposes. Sec. 28. That the judge-advocate shall have power to appoint a reporter, whose duty it shall l^e to record the proceedings of and testi- mony taken before military courts, instead of the judge-advocate. Act e eight judge-advocates of the Army, with the rank of major of cavalry. Sec. 1201. Judge-advocates shall perform their duties under the direction of the Judge- Advocate-General. Sec. 1202. Every judge-advocate of a court-martial shall have power to issue the like process to compel witnesses to appear and testify which courts of criminal jurisdiction within the State, Territory-, or district where such military courts shall be ordered to sit may law- fully issue. I'HE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL S DEPARTMENT. 138 Sec. 1208. Tho, judge-advocate of a militaiy court shall have power to appoint a reporter, Avho shall report the proceediiig-s of, and testi- mony taken before, .such coui't, and may set down the same, in the fir.st instance, in shorthand. The reporter shall, before entering- upon his duty, be sworn, or affirmed, faithfully to perform the same. Sec. 1342. . . . * * * Art. 00. The judge-advocate shall prosecute in the name of the United States, but when the prisoner has made his plea, or when the same has been entered by order of the court, he shall so far consider himself counsel for the prisoner as to object to any leading question to any of the witnesses, and to any question to the prisoner, the answer to which might tend to criminate himself. Art. 91. The depositions of witnesses residing beyond the limits of the State, Territory, or district in which any military court may be ordered to sit, if taken on reasonable notice to the opposite party and duly authenticated, may be read in evidence before such court in cases not capital. Art. 92. All persons who give evidence before a court-martial shall be examined on oath or affirmation in the following form: "You swear (or affirm) that the evidence j^ou shall give, in the case now in hearing, shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. So help you God." * * * Art. 113. Every judge-advocate, or person acting as such, at any general court-martial, shall, with as much expedition as the opportunity of time and distance of place may admit, forward the original pro- ceedings and sentence of such court to the Judge-i'Ldvocate-General of the Army, in whose office they shall be carefully preserved. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of Mnreh .?, 188S (22 Siats., 56 I^). AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home, located at Washington, in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the l)oard of commissioners of the Soldiers' Home shall hereafter consist of . . . the Judge-Advocate-General. . . . * * * Act ofjuhj r>, 18<% (£? Stats., 113). AN ACT to consolidate the Bureau of Military Justice and the Corps of Judge-Advo- cates of the Army, and for other jiurposes. That the Bureau of Military Justice and the Corps of Judge-Advocates of the Army be, and the same are hereby, consolidated under the title of Judge-Advocate-Generars Department, and shall consist of one Judge-Advocate-Cxeneral, with the rank, pay, and allowances of a colonel; three deputy judge-advocate-generals, with the rank, pay, and 134 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF II. S. ARMY. allowances of lieatenant-colonels, and three judge-advocates, with the rank, pay, and allowances of majors; the colonels and lieutenant-colonels to be selected by seniority from the present Corps of Judge- Advocates. And the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to detail such number of officers of the line as he may deem necessar}^ to servo as acting judge- advocates of military departments, who shall have while on such duty the rank, pay, and allowances of captains of cavahy. Sec. 2. Promotions in the Judge- Advocate-Generars Department, as provided in the first section of this act, shall be by seniority up to and including the rank of colonel. Sec. 3. That nothing herein shall be construed to interfere with the rank or position of any officer now holding a connnission in either the Bureau of Military Justice or Corps of Judge- Advocates. Act of July 27, 1892 {27 Stats., 277). AN ACT to amend the Articlen of War, and for other purposes. * «■ * Sec. 2. That whenever a court-martial shall sit in closed session, the judge-advocate shall withdraw, and when his legal advice or his assist ance in referring to recorded evidence is required, it shall be obtained in open court. -X- * * Sec. -i. That judge-advocates of departments and of courts-martial, . , . are hereby authorized to administer oaths for the purposes of the administration of military justice, and for other purposes of military administration. * * * Act of April 22, 1898 {50 Stats., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increaging tlie mihtary establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. -X- -X- * Sec. 10. That the statf of the connnander of an army corps shall consist of . . . one judge-advocate, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel. . . . Act of March 2, 1899 {SO Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of . . . a Judge- Advocate-General's Department. * * * Sec. 7. That the Judge- Ad vocate-GeneraFs Department . . . shall consist of the officers . . . now provided bylaw: . . . And provided, also. That no person in civil life shall hereafter be appointed a judge-advocate . . . until he shall have passed satis- factorily such examination as to his moral, mental, and physical quali- fications as may be prescribed by the President; and no such person shall be appointed who is moretliau forty-four years of age: Provided THK judge-advocate-general's DEPARTMENT. 135 further^ That in case of the appointment of an officer who has served in a similar capacity during" the war with Spain, and has demonstrated his moral, mental, and physical qualifications for the position, then such an examination shall not be required. Sec. 14. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in serv- ice or to appoint by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the volunteer staff as follows: Five judge-advocates with the rank of major. * * * Act of Fehruary 9., 1901 {31 Stats., -). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of tlie permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of . , . a Judge- Advocate-General's Department. * * * Sec. 15. That the Judge-Advocate-General's Department shall con- sist of one Judge-Advocate-General with the rank of brigadier-general, two judge-advocates with the rank of cfdoiiel, three judge-advocates with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, six judge-advocates with the rank of major, and for each geogra]3hical department or tactical division of troops not provided with a judge-advocate from the list of officers hold- ing permanent conmiissions in the Judge-Advocate-Generars Depart- ment one acting judge-advocate with the rank, pay, and allowances of captain, mounted. Promotions to vacancies above the grade of major, created or caused by this act, shall be made, according to seniority, from officers now holding commission in the Judge-Advocate-Generars Department. Vacancies created or caused by this act in the grade of major may be filled by appointment of officers holding commissions as judge-advocate of volunteers since April twenty-first, eighteen hun- dred and ninety-eight. Vacancies which may occur thereafter in the grade of major in the Judge-Advocate-Generars Department shall be filled b}' the appointment of officers of the line, or of persons who have satisfactorily served as judge-advocates of volunteers since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, or of persons from civil life who at date of appointment are not over thirty-five years of age and who shall pass a satisfactory examination to be prescribed by the Secretary of War. Acting judge-advocates provided for herein shall be detailed from officers of the grades of captain or first lieutenant of the line of the Army who while so serving shall continue to hold thoir commissions in the arm of the service to which they permanently l)elong. Upon completion of a tour of duty not exceeding four years they shall be returned to the arm in which commissioned, and shall not be again detailed until they shall have completed two years' duty with the arm of the service in which commissioned. 136 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 26. . . . That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of an}^ staff corps or department the President ma}' appoint to .such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, offi- cers of the Army at lar^e not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now provided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding- office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall* be retired with the rank, pay, and allow- ances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or depart- ment chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or department holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or department shall be selected from the offi- cers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff' for tours of service under this act, shall be filled ])y promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff' depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused l)v details from the line to the staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff' duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authoi-- ized by haw in anv grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the numl)er has l)een reduced to that authorized. Act if March 2, 1901 (SI Stats.. — ). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. * * * Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Judge-Advocate-GeneraTs Department. . . . may be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. . . . V.-THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 137 THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. The earliest legislation relating to the Quartermaster's Department dates from June 16, 1775, when Congress "" resolved that there be one Quartermaster-General for the grand Army and one deputy under him for the separate army," and May 11, 1777, Congress adopted regula- tions for the guidance of the Quartermaster-General and his assistants. The resignation of General Mifflin (the first Quartermaster-General), November 7, 1777, made the condition of that Department, without an ostensible head and with an organization to a certain extent defective and incomplete, a subject of much solicitude to General Washington. February 6, 1778, Congress adopted the following plan for carrying into execution the business of the Quartermaster's Department: First. The military line to be styled the Quartermaster-General's, which is to include the regulating of marches, encampments, order of battle, etc., as described in the books of the profession. This officer not to have the disposal of public money, except small occasional sums for defraying petty expenses in the Army. Second. The commissary of forage, who is to be confined to that article in his purchases. Third. The commissary for horses and wagons. Fourth. The agents for the purchase of tents, entrenching tools, building of barracks, and for all the smaller supplies of the Depart- ment. The three last to be governed in their purchases by the estimates and orders of the Quartermaster-General or the Board of War. April 17, 1779, the Quartermaster-General was directed to estab- lish regulations for the conduct, mustering, and paying of a corps of wagoners. July 15, 1780, Congress resolved that there be one Quartermaster- General and one assistant quartermaster-general, to be appointed by Congress, and one deputy quartermaster for each army, to be appointed by the Quartermaster-General, and promulgated a code of regulations for the government of the Quartermaster's Department. July 25, 1785, the "Department of Quartermaster-General" ceased to exist. The Quartermaster's Department, eo nomine, was first organized under the act of March 28, 1812. Under its provisions the office of "purveyor of public supplies" was abolished and its duties divided between the Quartermaster's and the Purchasing Departments. The Army Register of May 1, 1813, under authority of the act of March 3, same year, defined the respective duties of the Quartermas- ter's and the Purchasing Departments in reference to purchases so as to commit to the former the purchase of forage, fuel, soldiers' bedding, 139 140 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. stationery, dragoon and artillery horses, meiins of transportation, and material for the construction and repair of 1)arracks, hospitals, and bridges. The act of May 18, 1826, made it the duty of the Quartermaster's Department to receive from the Purchasing Department and distribute to the Army all clothing- and camp and garrison equipage. The abol- ishment, by the act of August 23, 1842, of the ofhce of Commissary- General of Purchases devolved the purchase of clothing upon the Quartermaster's Department. Aug. 14,1775. — Col. Thomas Mifflin (Pennsylvania). June 5,1776. — Col. Stephen Moylan (Pennsylvania). Oct. 1,1776. — Brig. Gen. Thomas Mifflin (Pennsylvania). Mar. 2, 1778. — Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Greene (Khode Island). Aug. 5, 1780. — Col. Thomas Pickering (Massachusetts). Mar. 4, 1791. — Lieut. Col. Samuel Hodgdon (Pennsylvania). Apr. 19,1792. — Lieut. Col. James O'Hara (Pennsylvania). June 1,1796. — Lieut. Col. John Wilkins, jr. (Pennsylvania). Tune 1,1799.^ — Maj. Gen. John Wilkins, jr, (Pennsylvania). Apr. 4,1812. — Brig. Gen. Morgan Lewis (New York). Mar. 21,1813. — Brig. Gen. Robert Swartwout (New York). Apr. 29,1816.- — Col. James R. Mullany (New York), Northern Division. Col. George Gibson (Pennsylvania), Southern Division. Apr. 18,1818. — Brig. Gen. William Cumming (Georgia). May 8, 1818.— Brig. Gen. Thomas S. Jesup (Ohio). June 20,1860. — Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston (Virginia). May 15,1861. — Brig. Gen. Montgomery C. Meigs (Pennsylvania). Feb. 13, 1882.— Brig. Gen. Daniel II. Rucker (Michigan). Feb. 23, 1882.— Brig. Gen. Rufus Ingalls (Maine). July 1,1883. — Brig. Gen. Samuel B. Holabird (Connecticut). June 26, 1890.— Brig. Gen. Richard N. Batchelder (New Hampshire). Aug. 19, 1896.— Brig. Gen. Charles G. Sawtelle (Maine). Feb. 16,1897. — Brig. Gen. George H. Weeks (Maine). Feb. 3, 1898. — Brig. Gen. Marshall I. Ludington (Pennsyl-uiiia). THE QUAKTERMASTEK'S DEPAKTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. Jviui 16, 1775. Resolved^ . . . That there be one Quartermaster-General for the grand army and one deputy under him for the .separate army. That the pay of the Quartermaster-General be eighty dollars per month and that of the deput}^ forty dollars per month. • Jul>/ 17, 1776. Resolved, That a deputy quartermaster-general l)e appointed for the said [New York] department. Donald Campbell, esq., elected to that office. Ordered, That Mr. D. Campbell have the rank of colonel in the Army. July 19, 1775. Resolved, That the appointment of a Quartermaster-General . . . be left to General Washington. July '29, 1775. Resolved, . . . That the appointment of . . . wagon master and master carpenter be left to the Commander in Chief of the Army, who is to fix their pay, having regard to the pay they receive in the ministerial army and the proportion that the pay of the officers in said arm}^ bears to the pay of our officers. * * * Resolved, That the . . . ^ Quartermaster-General and ever}- of their [his] deputies shall take an oath trul}^ and faithf ulh^ to discharge the duties of their respective stations. August 9, 1775. — "Mr. John Goddard i.s appointed by the Commander in Chief wagon master general to the Army of the twelve United Colonies." {Orders, General ITeadquariers, Cambridge. ) ■ August 14, 1775. — " Major Thomas Mifflin is appointed Quartermaster-General to the Army of the United Colonies." (Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) [May 26, 1776, he was appointed brigadier-general, and October 1, 1776, was requested to resume the duties of Quartermaster-General.] . August 16, 1775. — John Parke, esq., wasappointed an assistant to the Quartermaster- General. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) September 22, 1775. — John Gizzage Frazer was appointed assistant to the Quarter- master-General for the district of Prospect and Winter Hill. {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) 141 142 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. September ^-5, 1775. Resolved., That a committee be appointed to purehaso a quantit}' of woolen goods for the u.se of the Army, to the amount of live thousand pounds sterling. That the said goods, when bought, be placed in the hands of the quartermasters-general of the Continental armies, and that the same be by them sold out to the private soldiers of said armies at prime cost and charges, including a commission of live per centum to the said quartermasters-general for their trouble. That the committee consist of live. The ballot being taken and examined, the following members were chosen: Mr. Lewis, Mr. Alsop, Mr. Willing, Mr. Dcane, iind Mr. Langdon. Octoher r5, 1776. Resolved, That Timothy Mattack, of this city, be employed as a store- keeper, and that the implements provided for the hussars, and the tents, and linen, etc., purchased for the Anny, be put under his care. November 2, 1776. Resolved, That 3,000 felt hats, 3,000 worsted caps, 3,000 pair of buckskin breeches, 3,000 pairs of shoes, 3,000 pairs of yarn stockings, and 3,000 waistcoats, suitable for the season, be immediately purchased and sent to the Army, under the command of General Schuj^Ier, to be sold to the soldiers at prime cost, including charges of carriage and live per cent to the deputj^ quartermaster-general, by whom the said goods are to be sold. Resol/ved, That as much duffels or kersey as will make three hun- dred watch coats ])e purchased and sent to General Schu3der, with needles and thread, to be made into watch coats, and that these be charged to the Continent and kept for the use of the out Gentries. Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to purchase the foregoing articles. The members chosen: Mr. Alsop, Mr. Lewis, and Mr. Sherman. JVovemher 4, 1776. Resolved, That it be recommended to the several legislatures of New England to empower the General to impress carriages, vessels, horses, and other things necessary, at a reasonable rate, for the transportation or march of the Army, or any part of it, or on any other emergency, and that this power be deputed in writing, under the hand of the Gen- eral to the Quartermaster-General, or to any inferior officer, who are to be accountable for any abuse thereof. November 16, 1775. — "Col. Brewer will be appointed barrack master until some- thing better worth his acceptance can be provided." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) [On the rearrangement of the Army Colonel Brewer was assigned to the command of a regiment heretofore under Colonel Whitcomb, but waived his right in favor of the latter. ] November IS, 1775. — The Commissary-General to order all the horns of the bullocks that are killed for the use of the Army to be saved and sent to the Quartermaster- General, who is also to provide as. many as he can get, and have the whole made into guo. Resolved., That ih(^ troops in the service of thti Continent lie supplied with fuel and beddiny at the expense of the Continent. Decemher i2i2, T77h. liesolrid^ Tliat the Quartennaster-General \\\wv tlie raidc of a colonel in the Army of the United Colonies. Felmmry J, 1776. Resolved^ . . . That the appointments by General Schuyler of . . . Gysbert Marselis, esq., to be barrack master, . and IMr. Philip Van Kcnnselaer, to be storekeeper at Albany, be con- firmed; and that General Schuyler be desired to inform Congress of the proper salaries to be annexed to those offices. February 20, 1776. — "As it ia necessary that every regiment should be furnished with colours, and that those colours should, if it can be done, 1 lear some kind of similitude to the viniform of the regiment to which they l)elong, the colonels, with their respective brigadiers and the (^ INI. Genl., may fix U])on such as are proper and can be procured. There must be to each regimentthe standard (or regimental colours) and cjiours for each grand division, the whole to be small and light. The number of the regiment is to be marked on the colours, and such a motto as the colonel may choose, in fixing upon which the General advises a consultation amongst them. The colonels are to delay no time in getting this matter fixed, that the Q. M. General may provide the colours as soon as possible." {Orders, General Headquarters, C'amhridge.) March 3, 1776. — "The Q. M. General may draw the carbines out of the commis- sary's stores, and put them into the hands of the carpenters, or such others, as he shall think will use them to the best advantage, taking care to return them when called for. AU arms in store, lit for use, may ])edelivered out to the Adjutant-General's order." {Orders, General I£eadlc to the foregoing plan. Felyniarri 6', 1778. Resolved^ . . . That the Quartermaster-General and his deputies be respectively directed to provide the auditors in each army with a convenient house near headquarters, and that no other officers be quar- tered therein. That for the preservation of the pul^lic papers, the Quartei-master- General or his deputies shall. provide for the auditors in each arni}^ a good covered wagon with horses, under their direction, . Fehruary 11, 1778. Resolved., . . . The Quartermaster-General, his deputies and assistants, shall give the commissary-general [of niilitary stores] every assistance of teams for the removal of public stores, February IJ^, 1778. Whereas . . . the general assembly of Pennsylvania have, by a law, appointed commissaries in each county within their State, to purchase or seize . . . provisions, etc., for the supply of the Army, pursuant to such orders as they shall receive from Congress. Resolved, . . . That the said commissaries deliver . . . the forage to the order of the commissary of forage or his assistants, to whom severally they are directed to send immediate notice, when such purchases are made, . Fehruary M, 1778. Resolved, That the committee of Congress at the camp, in conjunc- tion with General Washington, be authorized forthwith to make the proper appointments for the Quartermastei'-Generars Department: * ic * Resolved, That ihv. Board of War immediately employ a suitable number of proper persons on the east side of Susquehanna to pur- chase . . . forage for the Army, 3farch 2, 1778. A letter of Februaiy 'l^>t\\ from the couunittee at camp was read, proposing a new arrangement of the Quartermaster-GeneraPs Depart- 150 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. meiit and commending- persons to execute the ))usiness of the said department. Congress, taking into consideration the arrangement proposed by the committee, Resolved, That the same be adopted, instead of that agreed to on the 5th day of February, and that there be one Quartermaster-General and two assistant quartermasters-general. That these three be allowed for their trouble and expense one per cent upon the monies issued in the department, to be divided as they shall agree, and including an addition to the pa}^ of the wagon-master- general and his deputy; That Major-General Greene be appointed Quartermaster-General; That ffohn Cox and Charles Pettit, csqs., be appointed Assistant Quartermasters-General; That the forage-masters, wagon-masters, and other officers in the department be in the appointment of the Quartermaster-General, who is to bo responsible for their conduct. Resolved^ That Major-General Greene re.ain his rank of major-gen- eral in the Arm}^ Aj^rll 11, 1778. ■ Ordered^ That Colonel Cox, assistant quartermaster-general, employ a deputy to attend Congress and procure good stables and provender for their horses and proper persons to take care of the same, and that he receive from each member his just proportion of the expense. Mmj ;?, 1778. — Congress authorized the Commissioners at Fort Pitt, or, in their absence, the officer appointed to command on the western frontier, to appoint a proper person to perfonn the duties of quartermaster to the militia of the counties of Rockingham, Augusta, Rockbridge, Botetourt, Montgomery, Wasliington, and Greenbrier, Va. May 21, 1778. — General Mifflin was granted leave to join General Washington's army. 2fay 9.7, 1778. Bemlved, . . . That the brigade quartermaster be appointed by the Quartermaster-General out of the captains or subalterns in the brigade to which he shall be appointed. * * * Ee.solred, That in addition to their pay as officers in the line there be allowed to . . . a brigade quartermaster, 15 dollars. * * * Resob'ed, That . . . ])rigade quartermasters heretofore ap- pointed from the line shall hold their present rank and be admissible into the line again in the same rank they held when taken from the line, provided that no . . . quartermaster shall have the com- mand of any ofiicers who commanded him when in line. Mai/ 29, 1778. Whereas Congress, in the present arrangement of the Quartermaster- GeneraFs Department, have given the Quartermaster-General the appointment of the subordinate officers of that department; Besolved, That Udney Hay, esq., who, under the former arrange- ment of the said department, wa's appointed assistant deputy quarter- THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. 157 master-general at Ticonderoo-a and a lieutenant-colonel by brevet, can not now hold that office by virtue of the said appointment, nor be entitled to any privilege or emolument which either does at present or may hereafter accrue to any officer of the same rank in the line. June 4, 1778. — Congress appointed Messrs. Carroll, ISIatthews, and Wentworth a committee to extract from the journals, for publication, the regulations of the Quartermaster' s Dei)artnient. ,hine 11, 177S. — Patrick Lockhart, esq., was appointed to procure pack horses and other necessaries for the expedition to reduce the garrison of Detroit and compel terms of peace fi'om such of the Indian nations now in arms against the States lying on or contiguous to the route between Fort Pitt and Detroit. The expedition was deferred by resolve of July 25, 1778. Jidy 28, 1778. Oi'dered, That the Quartermaster-General furnish the Hon. the Sieur Gerard, minister plenipotentiary of his most Christian Majesty, with such and so many horses and such forage as he shall direct, and that he deliver, from time to time, special accounts of the prices of the said horses and forage to the board of treasuiy. Augwl>er IS, 1778. Resolved, That Joseph Clay, esq., deputy paymaster-general in the State of Georgia, be empowered and directed to pay into the hands of the . . . deputy quartermaster, . .. . in the said States (they obtaining a warrant from the commanding officer in the Southern department) such sum or sums of money as may be wanting in their respective departments; . Resolved., That the . . . deputv quartermaster . , . in the State of Georgia, when they deliver their respective accounts of expend- itures to the deputy paymaster-general, do cause to be specified, on the receipts of the said accounts, that the same were paid in conti- nental currency, and that the sum be fully expressed in words. THE QUARTERMASTEE's DEPARTMENT. 159 October 18, 1778. Hesolved, That for the future no wheat be purchased for forage "by any person for the use of the United States unless Congress shall order otherwise. October 2^, 1778. Whereas upon the evacuation of this cit}^ [Philadelphia] by the British army, certain seizures were made of goods and effects, sup- posed to belong to the subjects of Great Britain, and other goods were taken up under contracts entered into with the inhabitants of this city by the officers, in the departments of the quartermaster , . . gen- erals, and a committee hath l>een appointed by Congress to examine into the conduct of the said officers in making the said seizures and con- tracts, that justice may be done to the public and individuals, but report hath not yet been made: Hesolved,, That the board of war direct such of the said goods, whether seized or contracted for, as may be wanted for the immediate use of the Army, ... to be appropriated for that purpose; and that the board of war direct that proper accounts be kept of the goods so appropriated, the quantity and qualit}^, and of whom seized, and with whom contracted for. November 10, 1778. — Congress, having resolved that speedy and vigorous measures should be taken to regulate the Quartermaster's Department, appointed Messrs Scudder, G. Morris, and Whipple a committee to superintend that department. JS'ovember 17, 1778. Congress proceeded to the election of a . . . deputy quarter- master-general for the troops in the Southern Department, and the ballots being taken, Stephen Drayton was elected deputy quartermaster-general for the troops in the Southern Department, they having been previ- oush' nominated by the delegates of South Carolina. Noveraber 19, 1778. Whereas it has become necessary not only that speedy and vigorous measures shoidd be taken to regulate the . . . quartermaster's department, but also that a constant attention should be paid to those departments : ReHoUed, That Mr. Scudder, Mr. G. Morris, and Mr. Whipple be a committee to superintend the same departments and that they, or any two of them, be empowered to take such steps relating to the same as they shall think the most for the public service. JS^ovember 30, 1778. Resolved, That in jdl cases when forage is wanted for the troops, and can not be purchased by the commissaries at reasonable rates, application be made to the executive and legislati^'e authority of the State wherein the forage is required, or to some person or persons properly author- ized by them for that purpose, for their interposition and assistance in procuring the necessary supplies. 160 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. January 23, 1779. — General Washington was directed, June 11, 1778, to order an inquiry into the conduct of General INIitilin, late Quartermaster-General, and others of that department. The Congressional committee (Messrs. G. Morris, Beed, and Witherspoon) appointed August 17, 1778, having reported that no proceedings had been had on the subject, submitted that if the resolve of June 11, 1778, was to be executed, the same should he done hy a court of inquiry and court-martial in the usual manner. Congress having agreed to the report, ordered that a copy be furnished the Commander in Chief. Fehrnary 1, 1770. Resolved^ That the Commander in Chief give such directions as he ma}^ think proper for arranging" the . . . quartermaster's departments to the westward, an}^ resolutions of Congress notwith- standing. Fehruarij '20, 1779. Besohied.^ That the portmanteaus and valises furnished to the officers of the Army by the Quartermaster-General, pursuant to the orders of the Commander in Chief, be charged to the United States, and the officers permitted to retain them for their own use; provided that no officer shall be more than once furnished at the public expense with the articles aforesaid unless unavoidably lost or taken by the enemy in time of action. February 20, 1770. — The ciuartermaster at the prisoners' camp in Virginia was directed to reside at or near the barracks, and the governor and the council of Vir- ginia were requested to superintend the conduct of those in charge of the camp. February 25, 1779. — Gen. Thomas Mifflin resigned. March o, 1779. Resolved., That the Quartermaster-General . . . and such of their deputies as they shall appoint for that purpose be, and they are hereby, authorized and directed to pay all certificates (of the authen- ticity whereof they are or shall be satisfied) for . . . forage, . or other articles, within the lines of their respective depart- ments, furnished by the inhabitants to the troops on detachments, or in cases of necessit}'^ when supplies could not be obtained in a regular course; for which sums so to be paid they shall be allowed for their trouble one-half per cent, and no more. The evidence of such sup- plies being furnished shall, so far as regards the party of whom received, be the certificates of the officers receiving them. But the officers in the said departments . . . paying the same shall notify the officers who gave such certificates to render an account of the application of the articles so received, and the said officers are hereby directed to render such accounts accordingly; and the said quarter- master . . . and their deputies so paying the said certificates are hereby authorized and empowered to examine and settle the said accounts. * * * Resolved., That certificates hereafter given by commissioned officers for articles ' received for the use of the Army be signed with their nanie at full length and the rank they hold, and if under a general officer, that the regiment to which they belong be added. That the particular articles received be inserted in the body of the certificate; their value, the time when, and place where received in letters and not in fisfures. THE QUARTEKMASTEE's DEPARTMENT. 161 That the certificates Ix; directed to the principal of the department whose duty it is to provide the articles so received or his nearest deputy; separate rec(Mpts to be given whensoever the articles apper- tain to the several departments. That officers keep exact copies of the certificates they give, and transmit other copies to the nearest deputy or agent in the depart- ment, giving him the necessary information respecting the business. That the deputies transmit copies of all the certificates they pay to their principals, that inquiry may be made whether the giving the cer- tificates was necessary for the public service and whether the things received have been properly applied. Marcli m, 1779. That the . . . Quartermaster-General pa}^ to the memorialists [merchants of Philadelphia], from whom goods were taken for public use, the current price of the same at the time when the said goods were taken. March 13, 1779. Resolved, That the . . . Quartermaster-General lie directed to lay before Congress, without delay, a full account of the sales and dis- tribution of the goods taken from the inhabitants of Philadelphia when that city was evacuated by the enemy. March 16, 1779. Whereas, discontent, loss of strength, and diminution of the strength of the line ha^'e arisen by employing the Continental troops as wag- oners, and it will be of public advantage to enlist proper persons for that service during the war: Resolved, therefore, That the Commander in Chief be authorized and directed to take proper measures for causing to be enlisted such a muiiber of wagoners as he shall judge necessary for the service, to continue therein to the end of the war; that each wagoner voluntarily engaging for that period shall be entitled, in addition to the present monthly pay, clothing, and subsistence allowed to wagoners, to the same bounties, in all respects, as are granted to volunteers who shall enlist in the Continental battalions for the term of the war; that the Quartermaster-General shall establish such regulations for the con- duct of the said corps of wagoners as shall be judged expedient, and approved of by the Commander in Chief; in which care shall be taken that regular returns be made to the Board of War of the number of wagoners ordered to be raised, as well as of those who shall actually engage in the service; that the same form, as near as may be, shall be pursued in mustering and paying the said corps of wagoners as is practiced with respect to the troops of the line; that the Quartermaster- General be authorized to appoint a paymaster and nuister master for the said corps of wagoners, and transmit their names, and the regula- tions hereby authorized to ])e made, to the Board of War, to be respec- tively registered. Rewired, That all wai'rant officers on the civil staff of the Army be put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to arrests, trials, and punishments. S. Doc. 229 11 162 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. April 17, 1779. Mesolved., That the Commander in Chief he authorized and directed to take such measures for enlisting a competent number of wagoners, to continue in service for nine months, or during the ensuing campaign, as shall ])y him be deemed most efficacious and proper. That the wagoners so enlisted shall receive a sum not exceeding 40 dollars per month, and a suit of clothes as a bounty. That such regulations shall be established by the Quartermaster- General for the conduct, mustering, and paying of the said corps of wagoners as shall be judged expedient, and approved of by the Com- mander in Chief. That all regulations made in Adrtue hereof, and the numl)er of wag- oners enlisted, be, from time to time, returned and reported by the Quartermaster-General to the Board of War. licsolved, That the act of Congress of the 16th of March, on the subject of enlisting wagoners, be, and the same is hereljy, repealed. Aj)ril 23, 1779. Ref^ol/uea, That the Quartermaster-General be empowered and directed to emplo}' so many wagons as shall be necessary for the use of the Army, upon the best terms on which they can be obtained; pro- vided such terms are approved by the Commander in Chief. IFcnj 11, 1779. Resolved, That all deputy quartermasters-general who transact busi- ness upon commissions shall not be entitled either to pay or rations; Init when they act without receiving such commissions, whether sta- tioned at a post or with the Army, they shall be allowed 200 dollars per month, two rations per day, and 40 dollars per month subsistence. That the pay of an assistant quartermaster be 140 dollars per month and the usual rations and subsistence. That the pay of a deputy wagon-master-general be 100 dollars per month and one ration per da}^ and 20 dollars j)er month subsistence; and that a wagon master be allowed 80 dollars per month, one ration per day, and 10 dollars per month subsistence. That a deputy conmiissary-general of forage attending the main Ai'my, or attached to an army in a separate department, be allowed the same pay and rations as a deputy quartermaster-general acting without commissions. That the assistant commissaries of forage either attending the Army to collect forage on a march, or those employed in purchasing under the principal purchasers in districts, shall have the same allowance as the assistant deputy quartermasters-general; and the forage masters who attend the receipt and issues of forage at posts or magazines, and one with each brigade of the Arm}^, lie allowed the same pay and rations as wagon masters. May 27, 1779. — The troops are to apply to the Quartermastcr-< leneral without delay for tents in the following proportion for each regiment: One marquee and one horseman's tent for the field officers. One horseman's tent for the officers of each company. One walled tent for the adjutant. One walled tent for the (juartermaster. One walled tent for the surgeon and mate One walled tent f(jr the j)aymaster. THE QUARTEEMASTER's DEPARTMENT. 163 One common tent for the sergeant-major and ciuartermaHter-serweant. One common tent for the fife and drum major. One common tent for the noncommissioned officers of each company and one for every six privates, inchiding drum and fifes. {Orders, General Headquarters, Middle Brook. ) May m, 1779. The board of treasury report that the}' have considered a letter from the board of war of the l21st of May . . . and are of opinion — That Colonel Melchior [barrack-master-generalj be directed to dis- miss all his deputies not at this post and Charlottesville, and make report of the names and stations of the deputy barrack masters so to be dismissed to the Board of War, who shall issue orders to the (^uartermaster-Genertd to put the barracks under the charo-e of his deputies. Resolved., That Congress ag'ree to the report. June IJf^ 1770. Ref<()lved., That the Quartermaster-General be empowered to allow and pay for a wagon, driver, and four horses, 13^ dollars, one ration and forage per day; shoeing the horses, if done at the expense of the United States, to be deducted from the wages. Resolved, That it be recommended to these States to exempt all drivers of wagons employed in the service of the United States from militia duties, and from all fines on that account, while they are engaged in the service, and that such service shall be considered and allowed as their tour of duty in the militia for such time as they are thus engaged. July 0, 1770. Resolved., That the executive powers of each State be earnestly rc(i nested instantly to make the sti'ictest enquiry into the conduct of every person within such State respectively employed, either in the Quartermaster-General . . . departments, and in case of any kind of misl)ehavior, or strong suspicion thereof, in any such person not being an officer immediately appointed by Congress, to remove or susp(Mid every such person, ordering him, at their discretion, to be prosecuted at the expense of the United States, and to appoint another in his jilace, if necessary, and so, from time to time, as occasion may !)(>, giving notice to the board of war, and also to the Quartermaster- (leneral ... in whose Department such removal or suspension shall be, of the change; the person so appointed to have the same authority and pay which the person removed had been vested with and entitled to, or such pay as the said executive powers, respectively, shall agree for, to be in like manner subject to the head of the depart- ment to which he belongs, and to ol)serve all the regulations for the govtM-nment of deputy quartermasters; . . . and that the execu- t'wo ])()wers of each State be in like manner requested to enquire into tli(> mmiber of persons employed in the Quartermaster-Generars . . . departments, and immediatel}^ to discharge such as shall be judged unnecessary. August 17, 1770. Ordered, That two members be added to the committee for superin- tending the departments of the (Quartermaster. . . . The members chosen, JNIr. Root and Mr. Scudder. 164 LEGJSLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. AugiiM 18, 1779. Hesohied, That until the further order of Congress the sum of 10 doHars be paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly foi' their subsistence, in lieu of those articles of food orio-inally intended for them and not furnished. Septemher 6, 1779. Resolved^ That the Quartermaster-General l^e directed to erect bar- racks at the expense of the United States for quartering- the troops in the State of Rhode Island. Septevihrr '■27, 1779. Resohicd, That a memb(n" l)e added to the committee appointed to superintend the Quartermaster . . . departments, and that another be elected in the room of Mr. "Whipple, who is absent. The members chosen, Mr. Jenifer and Mr. Mercer. Octoher 13, 1779. Resolved, That Mr. Jacol) Hiltzheimer be authorized and directed to provide for the horses belonging to members of Congress; that for this purpose the commissary -general of forage be directed to supply him with such articles of forage, and of such qualities as he shall direct, together with the account of the cost thereof. November 5, 1779. — Messrs. Wyiikoop and Forbes were added to the comiuittee appointeZ?w/, That the departments of the quartermaster-general . . . be, for the future, under the superintendency and direction of the board of war, and that the committee of Congress oi\ those depart- ments deliver over to the board of war all papers in their hands respecting them, and thereupon be discharged. Nowriiler :iO, 1779. Resolved., That the l)()ard of war be directed to procure from the Quartermaster-General . . . the forage master and the barrack- master-general a return of all the assistants, deputies, officers, agents, and other persons employed in their respective departments, the dis- tricts in which they are employed, and the terms upon which they are engaged, and that such returns be made by the lirst day of January next. December U, 1779. Whcu'cas the aid of the several States is necessary in furnishing . •. . supplies for carrying on the war, and justice requires that they be called upon to furnish their i-espective (juotas at equitable prices: BesoJvtd,, That all the States shall l)e called upon to furnish their quotas of such supplies as may, from time to time, l)e wanted for carrying on the war; and in making the requisitions due care shall be taken to suit the convenience of the several States, and the articles by them respectively furnished shall 1)0 credited towards their quotas of the monies which they are called upon to raise for the United States, at equal pi'ices for articles of the same kind and quality, and for others in due proportion, and the accounts shall be finally compared and adjusted so as to do ecjuit}" to all the States. December 17., 1779. Resol/ved, That when the legislature of any State shall have under- taken to procure its quota of an}- of the articles required, all pur- chases of such articles by the . . . quartermasters iu such State be discontinued. 1G6 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. January 7, 1780. Ordered., That . . . the board of war ... be directed to discharge immediately the .supernumerary officers in the barrack- master's department. January "20^ 1780. Resolved., . . . That the department of the barrack-master gen- eral be abolished. .January 27, 1780. — Issues of quartermaster stores to niembers of Congress under reso- lution of October 2, 1777 ordered discontinued. February 25^ 1780. Remlvtd., That the several States be called on forthwith to procure their respective quotas of supplies for the ensuing- campaign as follows, to wit: Rhode Inland . — . . . 400 tons of hay. Connecticut. — , . . 500 tons of hay. Nev) Y(>rl\ — . . . 500 tons of hay, P)(),0(iO bushels of Indian corn or other short forage equivalent. New Jersey. — . . . 3,500 tons of hay, H0,()()(» l>ushels of corn or short forage equivalent. Pennsylvavfa. — . , . 1,700 tons of hay, 2()0,(»(i() Imshels of corn or short forage equivalent. Delaware. — . . . 500 tons of hay, 1S,0«!:2 bushels of corn or short forage equivalent. Maryland. — . . . 200 tons of hay or corn lilade, 56,152 bushels of corn or short forage equivalent. . . Ylrginia. — . . . 400 tons of hay or corn l)lade, 200,000 bush- els of corn or short forage equivalent. North Carolina. — . . . 800 tons of hay or corn blade, 80,000 bushels of corn or short forage in proportion, South Carolina. — • . . . 800 tons of hay or corn blade, 80,000 bushels of corn or short forage equivalent. -X- * Resolved., That the articles aforesaid be collected and deposited or delivered at the risk of the respective States in such places within each State, respectively, as the Commander in Chief shall judge most convenient. Provided, That such of the articles as shall be destroyed or taken by the enemy, after being deposited as aforesaid, or which shall be damaged by long keeping, shall ))e paid for by the United States, Resolved, That the respective States bo credited for all such commod- ities, being of good and sufficient qualit}", as shall be received for the use of the United States, b}^ persons appointed to inspect the same, at the prices following, to wit: . clean, well-dried Indian corn per bushel, one-half a dol- lar; oats, well cleaned, one half a dollar per bushel; . . . best upland first-crop hay per ton, ^^15; best Indian corn blades per ton, 115, . . , ' Resol/ved, That all the accounts between these States relating to their quotas of the supplies aforesaid shall be kept and finally settled in Spanish milled dollars, and the balance finally paid in specie. THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. 167 Rewlced^ That if it shall appear, on an adjustment of the quotas of the several States, that any State has supplied move than its due pro- portion in A'alue, every such State shall be paid the value of the sur- plus, at the rates aforesaid, in specie, with interest at 6 per centum per annum, from the time each surplus shall have been deposited as al)ove directed; and every State which shall have failed to supply its due proportion shall })e charg-ed with the deficiency, at the rates afore- said, and the like interest thereon, from the time that the same ought to have ))cen deposited. Remlced^ That the several States cause monthly returns to be made to the board of war of all such commodities as shall be procured for the use of the United States, specifyino- the quantities issued in each preceding month. Resolved., That when any State shall have taken the necessary measures for furnishing its quota of the said supplies, and shall have given information thereof to Congress, such State be authorized to carry into etlect the resolution of the 17th of December last, for dis- continuing purchases of such supplies, by the . . . quarter- masters within the same. Rcxolved,, . . . That the provisions furnished by authority of any State, for the use of the Army, since the first day of December last may be credited as part of the quota of supplies assigned to such State, at the prices fixed in the foregoing resolutions, if such State desire it. March 8, 1780. — "From the scarcity of forage and ditficulty of obtaining the neces- sary supplies, the general calls for a strict attention to the order of the 8th day of December last for sending away from cami) as many horses as possible. When hay can not be issued and the supplies of grain will admit of it, eight quarts of grain are to be issued daily for each horse, and wdien hay is issued, four quarts." {Orders, (hneral Ileadqaartera, Morristown. ) July 15, 1780. Resolved, That there be one Quartermaster-General and one assistant quartermaster-general appointed by Congress, and one deputy quarter- master for the main Army and one for each separate arm}', to be appointed by the Quartermaster-General. That the Quartermaster-General appoint one deputy for each State, if he shall judge so man}^ to be necessary and the same be approved by the board of war, the person appointed to be approved of by the supreme executive of the State in which he is to be employed. That each deputy, whether appointed for one State or more, shall appoint as many assistants as the service may necessarily require and the Quartermaster-General shall approve, and a return of such appoint- ments shall be immediately made to the board of war by the Quarter- master-General. That all storekeepers, contractors, clerks, conductors, artificers, and laborers, of whatever denomination, who may be found necessary for the well conducting the public business be appointed by the deputies in their respective districts, and that they employ them in such num- bers, for such time, and at such places as the service may require and oti such condiilons as shall be most for the benefit of the public; never- theless, if they are agreed with or continue in service for any longer time than two months, the conditions are to be approved by the Quartermaster-General, That the duty of a de))uty ([uartermaster for a State shall be to pro- 168 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. vide the means of transportation in such State for all public property agreeabl}" to the orders he may receive from the Commander in Chief, the board of war, the Quartermaster-General, or the officer command- ing in the State, to provide such storehouses as may be necessary for the preservation of the public property, and to appoint suitable storekeep- ers, properl}" instructed, to account in the best manner the nature of the business will admit, agreeably to such plans as the Quartermaster- General may prescribe, for all articles received, whether provided by the State in the State or received from another State, taking care always to note deficiencies and to reject such as are deficient in qual- ity, whether provided by the State or in any other manner within the State; but if the parties are dissatistied, the storekeeper and the per- son or persons so tendering the goods shall each nominate three of the most reputable freeholders in the vicinity of the place w here the goods are to be delivered, the storekeeper to appoint one of the three nomi- nated by the person or persons offering the goods, and he or they, one of those named I)}' the storekeeper, and if the two first can not agree, a third is to ])e chosen by lot out of the remaining four as an umpire, the ai"l)itrators to be on oath and copies of their award to be delivered in writing to the parties, which shall be binding and conclusive; to keep proper registers of all persons, teams, pack horses, vessels, and craft employed in the dejiartment, noting the manner and conditions on which they serve and whether the teams, pack horses, vessels, or craft are private or pul)lic property; to execute all orders, either for pur- chases or other i)urpos(\'-;, which he may receive from the Connnander in Chief, the ))oard of war, the Quartermaster-General, or the com- manding officer in the State; to pay all officers in the different parts of the State who shall be necessary to execute the business of the department and who have been approved as aforesaid; to give such instructions with respect to the management of the business as shall appear necessary to have it conducted with the greatest economy and order, and at the same time with that despatch which the service may require; to apply to the assistant quartermaster-general for such sums of money as the service may require, and to distrii)ute the same in such proportion as Avill best answer the purpose; to visit all the places of business of those serving under him as often as his other duties will admit, and see whether they execute their duty agreeably to the instructions they receive; to inspect their accounts, ])ooks of receipts, and issues, and to correct what is amiss; to collect and render his accounts of expenditures and returns of public property and persons employed in the department every three months, and to make return to the assistan.t quartermaster-general of all the issues that have been made, mentioning the articles, quantity or number of each, on whose application or order issued, and to whom delivered; to see that all stores provided in one State to be forwarded to another be carefully inspected, that the quantity and quality is agreeable to the order given before they are sent forward; to confine all the contracts or bargains of the contractors and agents of every denomination within the State to which they belong, to prevent one contractor interfering with another; to make such provision for wintering or recruiting public horses as may be necessary for the convenience and support of the Army, and generally to do and perform everj^thing necessary to pro- mote the service. That the duty of the assistant ([uartermaster-general shall be to reside near Congress, to frame plans for keeping accounts in the department, THE QUARTERMASTEE's DEPARTMENT. 169 and to accommodate them to the nature of the business in the best pos- sible manner for preserving- regularit}'^; and after the Quartermaster- General shall approve thereof, to transmit them to the deputies in the several States, as a rule for their stating and keeping their accounts, to be by them communicated to all their under agents; to receive from the Army and the districts the accounts and vouchers arising therein to the first day of Decem])cr, and to lay them before the chamber of accounts for settlement by the first day of January; to apply to the Board of Treasurj^ for such sums of money as the Quartermaster-General shall direct, and distribute the same as the several branches of the department may require; to make such remarks and give such direc- tions to the deputies in the several States as shall be found necessary for saving expense or preserving order in the business; to receive from the respective deputies, at the end of every three months, returns of all persons employed, how, where, and on what conditions, and returns of all public property belonging to the department, and where depos- ited, made out in four distinct columns, one containing what has not been issued, another what is in use, the third what has been used and wants repairing, and the fourth what is unfit for further service and still of some value; these returns to be made agreeably to such forms as shall be furnished ])y the Quartermaster-General. That the returns be made to the assistant quartermaster-general in March, June, September, and December, and that the general returns be furnished to the Quartermaster-General as soon as possible. That the Quartermaster-General appoint one connnissary of forage for the main army and so many deputies, forage masters, clerks, and laborers Jis the service may require and the Commander in Chief shall approve of; a deputy commissary of forage and as many clerks and laborers for each separate army as the service may require and the connnanding ofiicer of such separate army shall approve of. That the duty of a commissary of forage and of a deputy commis- sary of forage with a separate arm}' shall 1)e to provide forage and pasture in the neighborhood of the camp, by purchase or otherwise, as the case may require, and to distribute the same; to correspond with the deputy quartermasters in the States in or near which the army may l)e and make seasonable requisitions from them for such quanti- ties of forage as the service may require, and to receive and issue the same to the army in such manner and proportion as is hereafter directed. That the wages of the people employed in the forage l)ranch, as well as the pi'ice of forage purchased and hire of pasture as aforesaid, and all other contingent expenses of the department, be directed for payment to the Quarterma'^ter-Generars pay office; that the commis- sary of forage or his deputy certify the sums due, and that the same have been fully examined; that such orders or certificates for payment be presented to the auditor of accounts in the Quartermaster General's office and pass from him to the pay ofiice; but when from sudden move- ments of the army the certificates for pasturage or forage furnished in the vicinity thereof, signed by the commissary of forage or his deputy, can not be brought for payment to the Quartermaster-Generars pay office in camp without great inconvenience to the possessors of the same, such certiticates shall be paid l)y the deputy quartermaster of the State in which the same shall have been furnished, the sums and articles furnished being inserted in words at full length; and to pre- vent frauds the commissary of forage, or deputy with a separate army, 170 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. shall furnish the deputy ((uartermaster of the State in which the army may serve with a list of the persons employed in the forage branch, in their own handwritinf>-, and the printed form of certificates generally made use of l)y them. That the commissary of forage, or deputy with a separate army, tix upon such places for receiving- and issuing forage to the army as i^hall best accommodate the service; and that written instructions be given to the keeper of the magazine of forage, how and to whose order to issue the same; that proper entries be made in a book, to l)e kept for the purpose, of all receipts and issues, and that the orders be numbered and tiled to agree with the entries in the book. That the forage masters and keepers of the army magazines shall make weekly returns to the commissary of forage, or to the deputy with a separate army, of all forage received and issued, and of all pasturage made use of, and certificates given for the same; and that the commissaiy of forage, or deputj^ with a separate army, shall, at the end of every four weeks, make returns to the Quartermaster- General, or deputy quartermaster with a separate army, of all the forage received at the magazines or collected from the countr}^, and of the issues of the same; also of all certificates for pasturage or forage which have, within that time, ])een gi^'en for settlement at the Quartermaster-Generars pay office. That forage for the wagon horses 1)e issued on the returns of the respective conductors, countersigned by the wagon master or his deputy; and for other horses, on the order of the officers entitled to receive forage by virtue of these regidations; and if any officer in the forage department shall issue forage in any other manner, or in larger proportions than is precribed in these regulations, he shall be charged with and pay the full value of such extra forage, and be dis- missed from the service. That there be no deputy commissar}" of forage or forage master appointed except for the main ariuy, or a separate army, and that all forage which it may hereafter be necessary to issue at any post be issued by the deputy quartermaster of the State, his assistants, or storekeepers. That the deputy quartermaster of the State shall appoint the maga- zines or places at which forage shall be issued, and none shall be issued at any other; nor shall any forage be issued at such post to any officer, unless he certifies upon honor, on his return, that he is not on furlough nor absent from the arm}" on his private l)usiness. That a ration of forage shall consist of l-i pounds of hay and 8 quarts of oats for a saddle horse, and 10 pounds of hay and 12 quarts of oats, or other short forage equivalent, for a draught horse, per da}; that in cases where either of the above articles can not lie furnished, a double quantity of the other shall be considered as a complete ration. And whereas the great number of issuing posts established in these States have, by experience, been found very burdensome and expensive: Besolved^ That from and after the first day of August next no post, without troops there stationed, and in the continental service, shall be continued or established in any State at the expense of the United States, nor pu])lic provisions or forage issued thereat, but by order of the Board of War, the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a separate army; and such orders shall be given only in cases when, in their opinion, the obtaining provision or forage in any other way would be impracticable. ^Vnd whereas it may sometimes happen that there is a necessity to THE QUARTEEMASTER's DEPARTMENT. l7l detain hired teams, the owners of which were to iind their own forage and provisions, bcj'^ond the time for whicli such teams were engaged, and who, if their own forage and provisions are expended, must have recourse to the public magazines: lic'solved^ That such teams, and their conductors and drivers, so detained and become destitute of forage and provisions, shall be sup- plied out of the public magazines, upon the written order of the officer by V, hose order they shall have been detained; and the wagon master or his deputy or other person under whose direction such teams be employed, before he signs their discharge, shall caused to be endorsed thereon, b}" the forage master and commissary, or storekeeper (as the case may be), the number of rations of forage and provisions furnished to such teams and their conductors and drivers, that the sauie may be deducted out of the wages due to the owners of such hired teams; that, excepting in the cases above mentioned, no provisions or forage be drawn by any person not actually serving with the Army or some detachment thcM-eof. That there ])e one wagon master with the main Army, and as many deputies, clerks, and conductors as the service may require and the Commander in Chief shall approve of; that there bo a deputy for each separate aimy, with as many assistants, clerks, and conductors as the same may require and the commanding officer shall approve of. That the wagon master and deputy with a separate army shall keep an exact register of all persons and teams employed with the army in his department, distinguishing by proper columns the private and public property; that he keep exact registers of all pay rolls, noting the time and conditions of payment; that in every pay roll the names and emplo3mont of every person be inserted at full length; and that the roll ))e signed l^y the wagon master or deputy with a separate army, and then pass to the auditor of accounts in the office of the Quartermaster-General, or deput}' in a separate army, and from him to the respective pay office. That the wagon master, or deputy in a separate army, give all the orders on the horse yard for horses to equip the teams, and orders on the store for harness; and every deputy or assistant receiving horses or harness upon such order shall be charged with the same in his books, and be made to account by his weekly or monthly returns for the horses or harness delivered to him. That the wagon master shall make monthly returns to the Quarter- master-General, or oftener, if required, of all persons, teams, and horses emploj'ed in his department, noting where and with whom serving, adding a column of casualties in which to insert the deaths, stolen or strayed horses, and also the harness that may be lost, and generally to make such regulations for the government of the wagoners as shall be l)est calculated to preserve public property, and to give them as a standing order to all the wagon luastei's, the Quartermaster- General approving thereof; that the like duties be performed by the deputy wagon master of a s(>parate army. That the quartermaster have libert}-, with the approbation of the Commander in Chief, or conmiander of a separate arm}^ to take such and so many officers from the line of the Army to serve in his depart- ment as he may find necessary, and as are willing to engage in the business. That the Quartermaster-General establish a horse yard with the army for the purpose of receiving and issuing all public horses; and 172 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. that the person appointed deliver none from the yard but by the order of the Commander in Chief, the Quartermastor-Creneral, or his deputy, or the wagon master. The same regulations to take place with a separate army. That an exact register l)e kept of the receipt and deliyery of all horses, from whom received, to whom delivered, and by whose order; and also of all horses that may die, be stolen, or stray from the yard, or that are ordered to be sold ])y the Quartermaster-General as unfit for further service; and that returns of all transactions of the yard be made to the Quartermaster-Generars office monthly, and as much oftener as the Quartermaster-General may direct. Whereas it is necessary that every army should be limited in the article of baggage (this regulation being essential, as well as to save expense as to prevent the army from being embarrassed in its opera- tions), and that every officer should ha^'e only such a quantity of bag- gage as is essential to his comfort and appearance: jRei<()Ived,, That the following pro])ortion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the ditlerent ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by order of the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a sepa- rate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so man}' baggage wagons and bathorses as thev may think necessary, to wit: M ajor-gfueral and family Brigadier-general and family Colonel, lieuteiuint-eolouel,and major , Cai>tains anil siiljalterns (if a regiment, for their baggage Surgeon, jiayuuister, adjutant, and quartermaster (regi- mental statY) Brigaiie quartermaster For the tents of a regiment, for every 75 men (bttt this to be varied aeoording to the weight of the tents and state of the d; Quartermaster-general, for his baggage according to his rank, for his books, papers, etc., as many as he shall find neces- sary. Covered 4-horse wagon. Open 4-horse wagon. 2-hor.se wagon. Bat- horses. Deputy quartermaster, with the main army, or with a sepa- rate army, for his books, papers, etc., as many as they may demand ." Commissary of forage with the main army Deputy connnissary of forage with a separate army Wagnn master and clerks Deputy wagon m;isters with the main army, each Deputy wagon master with a separate array, clerks and as- sistants Inspector-general, for his baggage according to his rank, and for his papers, etc., according as the service may require or ('(innnander in Chief may direct , Stibinspoctor Brigade inspector Adjutant-general and assistants , Deputy adjutant-general with a separate army Judge-advocate Commissary of prisoners , Deputy judge-advocate with a separate army Deputy commissary of prisoners with a separate army Provost-marshal with his prisoners and guards A commissary and his deputy of purchases or issues A deputy coriimissary with a separate army Field commissary of military stores and his deputy with the main army .■ Deputy commissary of military stores with a separate army. . Auditors of the main army, for their baggage, books, papers, etc Auditors for a separate army Deputy paymaster, either with the main army or with asepa- rate army Field postmaster Express rider or 2 "i or 2 or 2 or 2 or 2 or 2 or 2 or 2 or 2 or 2 THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. l73 Provided^ That if the number of wagons, stated as above, should prove insufficient, the (Quartermaster-General may occasionally furnish such additional carriao-e as the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a separate army, or the Board of War may direct. Whereas the business of de]juty quartermasters, serving in the dif- ferent States, may vary greatly from one another; and whereas that allowance which would be ample in some States woidd l)e inadequate in others: Resolved^ That the Quartermaster-General be authorized to fix the pay of each deputy to conduct the business of his department in the States according to the duties they have to perform, and the expenses they will be at in executing the same, so that the pay of no deputy exceed one hundred and thirty-four dollars per month, without provi sion or forage, always having regard to the merit and service of the person appointed, and ^vhich shall be approved by the Board of War. That the pay of the assistant deputy quartermasters be settled by the deputy quartermaster under whom they respectively serve, accord- ing to the duties they have to perform, and the expense they will be at in executing the same, so as the pay of no assistant deputy quarter- master exceed seventy-five dollars per month, without provisions or forage, always having regard to the merit and services of the person ai^pointed, and which shall be approved of by the Quartermaster- General. That the pay of the officers in the Quartermaster-GeneraPs Depart- ment, who are attached to the main or a separate army and move with it, be as follows: Quartermaster-General, in addition to his pay as an officer in the line, at the rate of one hundred and sixty-six dollars per month. Assistant quartermaster-general, who is to reside near Congress, at the rate of one hundred and sixty-six dollars per month. Deputj' quartermaster, thirty-fi\ e dollars per month, in addition to his pay in the line. lirigade quartermaster, twenty dollars per month, in addition to his pay in the line. Commissary of forage, seventy-five dollars per month, and two rations of provisions per da3\ Deputy commissary of forage, forty dollars per month, and one ration of provisions per day. Forage master, in addition to his pa}^ in the lin(> of the Arni}^, ten dollars per month. Wagon master, sixty dollars per month and two rations of provi- sions per day. Deputy wagon master, forty -fi^'e dollars per month and one ration of provisions per day. Assistant wagon master in a separate army, fort}' dollars per month ajid one ration of provisions per day. Conductor of wagons, when not of the line of the Army, thirty-five dollars per month and one ration of provisions per day; when of the line of the Army, twelve dollars per month in addition to his pay in the line. That the foregoing salaries be paid in specie or other money equiva- lent. Whereas, in ordcM- to ])revent the unnecessary consumption of for- age, it is requisite to determine what officers shall be supplied with 174 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. forage at the public expense and to lix the quantit}^ that shall be fur- nished to each: Memlved^ That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and bat horses by these regulations there be issued to the Commander in Chief and to the commanding officer of a separate army and to those of their suite as many rations as the service shall require. To a major-general and family, seven; brigadier-general and family, six; colonel of infantry or artiller}^, two; lieutenant-colonel, two; major, two; chaplain, one; surgeon, one; paymaster, one; adjutant, one; quartermaster, one; brigade quartermaster, one; captain of engi- neers, one; Quartermaster-General, as the service may require; deputy quartermaster with the Arm}', one; commissary of forage, two; deputy commissary of forage, one; wagon master and clerks, three; deput}^ wagon master, one; deputy wagon master with a separate army, two; assistant wagon master with a separate army, one; Inspector-General, agreeable to his rank; subinspector, in addition to what he draws in the line, one; Adjutant-General and his family, including what he may draw in the line, seven; deputy adjutant-general for a separate army, three, including what he may draw in the line; commissary of pris- oners, two; deputy commissary of prisoners with a separate army, two; deputy serving with the main army, one; judge-advocate, two; provost-martial, one; commissary-general of purchases, four; conmiis- sary-general of issues, two; brigade commissar}^ one; field commissar}^ of military stores, two; deputy field commissary of military stores, one; deputy pa3"master, one; auditors for the Arm}', each one. That the officers of cavalry be allowed to draw forage or pay for the same, under the like regulations as other officers, for the following number of horses, provided they actually keep the same: A colonel, three; lieutenant-colonel, two; major, two; captain, two; lieutenant, one; cornet, one; paymaster, quartermaster, and adjutant, exclusive of allowances as officers in the line, each one; surgeon, one. * * -x- That the Quartermaster-General take such measures for providing camp equipage and make such regulations for distributing the same as he shall find necessary and the Commander in Chief or the Board of War shall approve; and that he also take measures for engaging such artificers as the service from time to time may require, in addition to the regimental artificers, and as shall be ap[)roved by the Commander in Chief; and that he generall}' make such arrangements as shall be necessary to manage the business of tlie Quartermaster's Depaiiment, either with the main army, a separate army, or detachment. That the Quartermaster-General or deputy with a separate army shall furnish suc'h horses for special purposes and on particular appli- cations as he shall think the good of the service may require, and whenever any doubt arises that the matter be referred to the Com- mander in Chief or the conmianding officer of a separate arm}' for their instructions. That no purchases of horses or any other articles with the main array or in any of the States for the use of the Army in the Quartermaster- GeneraFs Department be made unless l)y order of the Quartermaster- General or by a deputy quartermaster with a separate army or garrison. That the Quartermaster-General make returns to the Commander in Chief and Board of War, as soon as possible after they are deliv- ered in to him by the assistant quartermaster-general, of all officers and other persons employed and stores belonging to the department. THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. l75 and th:it a deputy sewing- with a separate army or with a garrison make returns quarterly in the months aforementioned, agreeably to the directions given to a deputy of a State, which the Quartermaster- General shall inckide in his general return. That all officers in the Quartermaster-GeneraFs Department, of w^hatever denomination, shall take the oatlis of allegiance and oath of office prescribed b}^ Congress before they enter on business. That, with the returns before directed to be made of the name and station of each person to be appointed in the Quartermaster's Depart- ment, there be also at the same time certificates returned therewith of their having respectively taken the oaths and ({ualifications afore- mentioned. That in settling the accounts of officers in the Quartermaster's Department to be appointed by this act of Congr(\ss no pay or allow- ance whatever be granted to any person employed in that department whose name and employment, together with a certificate of liis taking the aforesaicl oaths, shall not be duly returned in the manner above directed. That the Board of War shall have power to suspend and dismiss all supernumerary officers that may be employed in the Quartermaster- General's Department. Resolved^ That Major-General Greene be continued in the office of Quartermaster-General; that he be, and he is hereby, directed to make the appointments and arrangements in the Quartermaster's^ Depart- ment, agreeably to the foregoing resolutions, as soon as possible. Provided^ That nothing contained in the foregoing resolutions shall be construed to annul the resolution of the Othday of July, 1770, authorizing the executive authorit}^ of the respective States to correct alxises in the staff departments, or to vacate any appointment made or that may be made by Major-General Gates for the southern army, agreeably to the resolution of the 14th day of June last. Eesolved, That it l)e, and it is hereby, recommended to the legisla- tures of the several States in which the Army may serve to make provision for furnishing the horses of the Army, or detachments thereof, with a sufficient supply of pasturage, and with such hay or forage as can be spared from the country in the vicinity of the Army or detachment thereof, the sauie to be settled and paid for by the Quartermaster-General with the Army or by the deputy in the State. July 20, 1780. Eesolved, That Henry Hollings worth,' deputy quartermaster- general, be, and hereby is, suspended, and that some other person be appointed to transact the business of that department. July U, I'^SO. Resolved, . . . That the Quartermaster-General be directed immediately to appoint such suitable person as shall be approved by 1 Deputy Quartermaster-Cieneral H. Hollingyworth was suspended, one of the vouchers 'to his accounts havin.ij; a, forged signature, and August 8 Congress directed the Board of Treasury to incjuiiv into the matter and report to Congress. On the report of the Iward, Congress resolved that the Board of Treasury refer the case to the executive of the State of Marvland and, on the report of one of the judges of the general court of that State, resolved, Novendjer 21, 1782, that the complaint be dismissed. 176 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. the supreme executive authority of the State of New Jersey to act as deputy quartermaster in the said State, agreeably to the late regula- tion of the Quartermaster's Department, in order that the measures therein provided for collecting forage and transporting provisions and other pul)lic stores may be taken as soon as possible. That, until such deputy is so appointed and approved, Moore Fur- man [deputy quartermaster] be authorized to receive from the State commissaries such quantity of forage, out of the supplies purchased for the United States, as may be necessary to enal)le him to forward the transportation of pu))lic stores; and that Governor Livingston be requested to give orders to the State conunissaries to deliver the same accordingly, if such order shall be necessary. July 25, 1780. Congress proceeded to the election of an assistant quartermaster- general, to reside near Congress, and, the l)allots being taken, Charles Pettit, esq., was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Armstrong. August 5, 1780. Resohied., That the absolute refusal of Major-General Greene, at this important crisis, to act under the new arrangement of the Quarter- master-General's Department has made it necessary that the office of Quartermaster-General be immediately filled. * * * Resolved, 'unanimously^ That Congress proceed to the election of a Quartermaster-General . Congress accordingly proceeded, and, the ballots being taken Mr. Timothy Pickering was elected. * * * Resolved, That Timothy Pickering, esq., having been appointed Quartermaster-General upon an extraordinary emergency, be con- tinued as a member of the Board of War, but that the exercise of all his powers at the said board, and his pay as a member thereof, be sus- pended during such time as he shall contiiuio Quartermaster-General. That w hile he holds the oflEice of Quartermaster-General he have the rank of colonel, and the pay and rations of ta brigadier-general, over and above the pay allowed the Quartermaster-General in the late arrangement of the Quartermaster's Department. August 15, 1780. Resolved, That the assistant quartermaster-general be jillowed one or more clerks, as the nature of the service may require and the Board of War shall approve. August 19, 1780. Resolved, That Major-Gen. Greene, late (luartermaster-general, be, and hereby is, directed to furnish Col. Pickering, quartermaster- general, with returns of all buildings, vessels and craft, horses, wagons, stores and articles, of what kind soever, in possession or under the THE QUARTEEMASTER's DEPARTMENT. 177 direction of any officers or persons employed under him in his late department, and which are occupied on account of or belong- to the United States; and also with full information in writing of all public contracts and purchases by them made of which the terms have not been fully executed, or the services or articles contracted for or pur- chased have not been completely rendered or delivered; That in the meantime he direct all officers and others employed under him, on the demand of any deputy or storekeeper appointed under the plan for regulatino- the quartermaster-general's department, deliver to such deputy or storekeeper, on their producing- their appointments, respectively, and the orders of the quartermaster- g-eneral to receive them, all tlie articles before enumerated and any others in their possession or under their direction which are occupied on account of or belong to the United States, together with the written evidences of the contracts and purchases aforesaid which yet remain unexecuted. uiugmt 2"2, 1780. Whereas it is of the utmost importance effectually to prevent the destruction, waste, embi^zzlement, and misapplication of the public stores . . . , upon which the existence of the armies of these United States may depend, and no adequate provision hath been made for the just punishment of delinquents in the departments of the Quartermaster-General, . . . ; therefore, Resolved., That every person in any of the said departments intrusted with the care of provisions or military or hospital stores, or other property of these United States, who shall be convicted at a general court-martial of having sold without a proper order for that purpose, embezzled, or wilfully misapplied, damaged, or spoiled any of the provisions, horses, forage, arms, clothing, ammunition, or other mili- tary or hospital stores, or property belonging to the United States of America, shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be directed by a general court-martial, according to the nature and degree of the offense, at the discretion of such court; and any person in any of the said departments intrusted as aforesaid, who shall be convicted at a general court-martial of having, through neglect, suffered any of the articles aforesaid to be wasted, spoiled, or damaged, shall suffer such punishment as the 'said court shall, in their discretion, direct, according to the degree of the offense. August 23, 1780. Resolved., That no certificates issued in the Quartermaster's . . . Department after the 15th day of September next afford any claim upon the I'nited States unless issued under the following regulations: 1st. That they be for services performed or articles purchased within their respective departments. 2dly. The Quartermaster-General . . . shall themselves sign all such c(M-tificates as are issued in their respective departments. 3dly. All such certificates shall be given for specie or other current money equivalent. 4thly. All contracts or purchases made for which certificates shall be given shall be made for specie value. S. Doc. 229 12 178 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. 5t\i\y. The articles so purchased shall be enumerated in such certiti- cates, with the rates and prices thereof; and the prices shall ho reason- able when the present circumstances of our affairs are compared with the cost of articles of like quality or services performed in the year 1775, or when compared with the allowance by Congress to the United States, as expressed in their resolution of the 25th of February last. jResolved, That certilicates issued under and agreeable to the fore- going regulations shall l)ear an interest of six per cent per antuuii from the time stipulated for payment until paid. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General . . . be. and hereby are, strictly enjoined to make monthly returns of their purchases and proceedings to the Board of War and make monthly returns, to wit, on the last day of every month to the Board of Treasury of all certiticates so issued as aforesaid. Aug%iM 26, 17S0. Resolmd., That, all and singular, the creditors of these United States for supplies furnished the Army or the transportation thereof shall be entitled to receive the just value of the sums due them respectively in the bills of credit emitted pursuant to the act of the 18th of March last, the value of the sums due to be ascertained according to the cur- rent value of continental bills of credit compared with specie at the time the money became due at the place where the supplies were fur- nished; provided the same do not exceed the prices fixed for such sup- plies by the act of the 25th of February last or a proportionate value for services done and articles furnished not mentioned in the said act; but if the nominal sum in continental currency contracted for when reduced to specie value as aforesaid shall exceed the lixed prices afore- said, the creditor shall be entitled to receive the amount of the sup- plies furnished or services done at the said fixed or proportionate prices in the new bills aforesaid or the nominal sum contracted for in continental bills of credit, and no more, at his election. That the accounts lieing duly examined and adjusted by the ri^le aforesaid by commissioners that may l)e appointed agreeably to the resolution of the 12th of June last to settle the accounts of officers of the staff' departments in the several States, or by the officer who made the contract, or by whom the payment is to l^e made, the same shall be paid or a certfficate given for the sum justly due, certifying that the same has been duly examined and adjusted agreeably to the direc- tions aforesaid, and if paid in the new bills the interest on the said bills shall be computed to the date of such certificate. That all debts due to the United States for monies received for their use or otherwise within an}^ of these States shall be paid according to the just value of the money when it was received or became due, to be ascertained as aforesaid. August 28, 1780. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General be, and hereby is, author- ized and directed to make sale of all buildings and other property belonging to the United States under his care which, in his opinion, are not wanted for public use, and render an account of such sales to the Board of Treasury, that he may be charged with the money arising thereon. THE QUARTERMASTEE's DEPARTMENT. l79 Sfiptemher 1, i7 Exclusive of allowance as officers in the line, each 1 Adjutant J Surgeon I Remlved^ That the Quartermaster-General, Avith the approbation of the Sec'r(>tarv at War, shall appoint so many assistants to reside in the several States as the pul)lic service Diay require. That all officers in the Quartermaster-Generars Department, of whatever denomination, shall take the oaths of allegiance and the oath of office prescri])ed l)y Congress before they enter on business. That the Quartermaster-General make a return of the names and station of each person to be appointed in his department. That in settling the accounts of officers in the said department, no pay or allowance whatever l)e granted to any person employed therein whose name and employment, together with a certificate of his having taken the aforesaid oaths, shall not have been returned within two months after his acceptance of such office. Octd>er '29, 1782. Resolved^ That the Quartermaster-General be allowed 15 rations per day; That the deputy quartermaster with the Southern Army be allowed 12 rations per day; That all assistants in the Quartermaster's Department be allowed, each of them, two rations per day. That the wagon master, connnissary of forage for the Main Army, and commissarv of forage for the Southern Army be each allowed live rations per day; THE quakteemastee's depaetment. 189 That the deputy wagon master with the Southern Army be allowed four rations per day; That the wagon conductors be each of them allowed a ration and a half per day; That tiie directors of the artificers be allowed, each of them, three rations per ctay, and the subdirectors, each of them, two rations per day; And that the foregoing rations shall be inclusive of what the several officers aforesaid ma}' be entitled to draw in the line of the Army, Nore)iihcr 8, 1182. — "The quartermaster having represented his inability to procure forapji! during the winter for the wh<:'le number of horses allowed to the general and other otticers of the line and staff who remain with tlie troops in the New Windsor eantonments, has proposed to supply in the following proportion, which has been approved by the Commander in Chief: To a major-general, rations for 3 horses * -;<- * Hrigadier and adjutant general 3 " Brigadier-general 2 " * * * Inspector of the Northern Army, f As they will have to visit and mus- ) 2 " Assistant inspector \ ter detachments. J 2 " Captain of engineers 1 " Brigade major 1 " Brigade quartermaster 1 " * * * Assistants of adjutant-general, each 1 " ( ieographer and assistants, together 1 Judge-advocate 1 ' Director of hospitals 2 " Each hospital physician 1 " Ajiothecary 1 " Purveyor or steward 1 " * * * Commissary of prisoners (his business often requiring his absence) 2 " Quartermaster-General 2 " Each of his assistants 1 " ( 'Ommissary of forage 2 " Each of his assistants (who are eiuployed riding in the countrjO 1 " Wagonmaster-general 2 " Each of his assistants employed on duty of riding 1 " It will be oi)ti()nal to those wlio are entitled to keep a greater number of horses than are allowed in the foregoing to deliver \\\> the surphis to the Quartermaster-General, who will send them to some distance from camji and keep them at pul)lic expense, or they may keep them at their own charge and lie will pay them the amount of the rations which such horses would have drawn had they remained with the Army." (Orders, General Headquarters, Newhurgh.) November 12, 1782. Resolved, That the geographer to the ma,in army, and the geographer to the Southern department be each of them allowed . . . forage lor two saddle horses, one two-horse covered wagon, ... That the assistant geographers ... be allowed forage for one saddle horse. Decemher 2J^, 1782. Resolved, That the Quartermaster- General furnish all extraordinary expresses when the service require them, any ordinance or resolution of Congress to the contrarj- notwithstanding. 190 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. February 11, 1783.— The Quartermaster-General agrees to give six pence, or half a ration, per cord for the wood cut for the use of the hospitals, of which the parties employed for that purpose may avail themselves. {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh. ) April 17, 1783. Resolved, That immediate measures be taken for the sale of all the drag-oon horses belonging to the United States, and of all such articles in the several military departments as may not be necessary for the use of the Army, previous to its reduction, or for the formation of maga- zines on a peace establishment. January 29, 1784.. Resolved, That the principals in the several departments of Quarter- master-General . . . be, and they are hereb}^ ordered to trar. - mit as soon as may be to the War Office, to be laid before Congress, an exact return of all the stores in their respective departments, specify- ing the quantity and quality of each article, where deposited, in whose care, and in what manner secured. Febrtiarii 23, 1785. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General . . .be required without delay to forward to the Board of Treasiu-y or to the Comp- troller a list of their respective deputies who have l>een duly author- ized to issue certificates. July 25, 1785. Resolved, That the department of Quartermaster-General l)e (■( ii- sidered as ceasing on the day of passing this resolution, and that the Secretary at War and all others concerned govern themselves accord- ingly. Octoher 2, 1788. The committee, consisting of Mr. Howard, Mr. Few, Mr. Dayton, Mr. Gilman, and Mr. Carrington, appointed to make full enquiry into the proceedings in the Department of War, beg leave to report and to present to the view of Congress a summary statement of the various branches of the Department of War: 7th. — OF THE gUARTERM aster's DEPARTMENT. The Quartermaster's Department on the frontiers is arranged on Y)rinciples highly economical and beneficial to the public. Instead of an officer at the head of this department, with his train of attendants, all supplies are furnished by the contractors of provi- sion, who have also, from time to time, contracted with the Secretary at War to furnish all necessary articles on the frontiers which shall be required for the troops, on the following principles: 1st. No articles to be furnished but by an ord^r in writing fi-om the commanding officer of the troops or the conniianding officer of a sepa- rate post, who shall be responsible to the Secretary at War that only such articles shall be ordered as the situation of the troops render indispensably necessary. THE QUAKTERMASTER's DEPARTMENT. 191 2d. That for all articles so furnished the original bills of parcels shall be produced b}- the contractor, which shall oe verified upon oath if re(piired. 3d. That no charge shall be allowed the contractors which shall be deficient in the vouchers, the nature of which are preciselv carried out. 4th. That for all supplies, advances, and services rendered in this line the contractor shall have an allowance made of 5 per cent on the settlement of their account, every six months, at the Treasury. All necessary articles which are furnished within the State for the troops are purchased by the Secretary at War without any commission or charge thereon to the public. This arrangement existed previously to the resolve of Congress for abolishing the Quartermaster-GeneraFs Department, July 25, 1785. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 3, 1791 {1 Stats., 222). AN ACT for raising and adding another regiment to the militarj' establishment of the United States, and for making furtlier provision for tlie protection of the frontiers. * * * Sec. 5. That in case the President of the United States should deiMU the employment of a . . . quartermaster . . . essen- tial to the public interest, that he l)e, and he hereby is, empowered, hj and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint the same accordingly. Sec. 6. That in case a . . . quartermaster . . . should be appointed, their pa}^ and allowances shall be, respectively, as herein mentioned; . . . That the quartermaster shall be entitled to the same pay, rations, and forage as the lieutenant-colonel commandant of a regi- ment. . Act ofJlarch 0, 1792 {1 Stats., 21^1). AN ACT for making further and more effectual provision for the frontiers of the United States. -X- -x- * Sec. 7. That the monthly pay of the commissioned officers, . . . on the military establishment of the United States, . . . shall be in future as follows, free of all deductions, to wit: General statT: . . . (juartermaster, one hundred dollars, . . . deputy quar- termaster, fifty dollars. ... * * * Act of May 8, 1792 {1 Stats., 279). AN ACT making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments. * . * * * Sec. 5. That all purchases and contracts for supplying the Army with . . . supplies in the Quartermaster's Department . . . be made by or under the direction of the Treasur}^ Department. * * * 192 liKOXiSLATlVK HiSTOKV V>>^ UKXiOvAL STAFF i>K l'. S. AKMY. ^' - ,• ^S^ t?^ ■ • "^ This* act Oi^taWishtxl in t)u^ Tn\^vuy lV{«rt«uM»t ilit» •rv<>\\x»^ v>'- -i>lit\<. Hij! \Uitit\>« woiv t>.» v\nuliu't tho \»i\vurt»>^4: ami ;. ^ .^Jf all arr . \ ^■tv,>^\^ \nvvmv>«Js cK»thu\i;. elv\ IHs* v\nuiHMijiHtKm \v5tjt liwsl at ^AXX> ^Hn' aimmUv axul U^tterstv^ a»»U tn*»« hu« wt-n'' tv» Ih> ivjn>n\\l tnv vt'f ^wstsvgw TUtHxttUv \vasal>oii^H\\ aftwMax ^l> l!^2> by tht^aot v»i Marvh i^ ISl:^. AN ACr tvMT ^\>ttt»>x>hxsJ aiul ¥ nxili^arv «^t«tt>Ut$)uuv>nt <>f tW VuiWil 8t»tfvxn> j>as?tHl vux that siswbjwt * * * Src, XK\ Ihs^t the mouthlv pay of the oiKwt^ . . . on tho nnU- t»i Y ojitiihlisihuiont i>lf tho Vuitevl Statoj^x K> a^^ foUows, to wit: Ctonovul «ilutl» . . . a QimrtonuastoV'iietteraL ono hiuuiiwi dolUwT!*; . , , 8*ji\ 1 U That t)\o v\>t«wisfvioned oifiivr*t atorcNsaid shall he entithnl to itwiYo fvi-r their vlaily s^uMstenw the followinjj uuiuKn* of rativ>n*i of pi\>Yt5UOM«i. to wU; \ . . Quarteruxa:stor-lienei-al 4x i-ation?^; . . , a deputy ^uaiieruiasiter, two fat ions or uionev in Ueu thei\H>f, at the option of the sixid otlii-ers, ;U lUo v.\m« ti-aot priwx at the jxxsits, twjHvttvely, when'' the nttions shall Inwme due. 5>Kt\ ld» That the oiKtvrs hereitxafter dt^^eriKxl shall, whexxever fox-ajiv shall not W furnishtxl hy the puhlie, xwvive at the nxte of th© f olU>\v iuii^ enmnerat"i\l sxxms^ per wvHxth, ixxstead thereof, to wit : , . . Quaxierixvaster-Uexxeral , , , twelve dv>llars: . , . deputy ^uax'teruxaster ... six dollars. AN VvT tv* aiAvrtaixi aad fix tlw» waKtary icNi^xuiesnt vxf th*> Fxixt^si Sj^tatiets. * » * S«t>, S, ThvHt there shall be v >ne Qxxartenxxaster-ljeneral . . . * * * SKt\ I:*. That the mox»thly i^y of the othvvrs . . . of the mill- tary »t>stahlisluxxe*xt he as t\>Uo\vsi: , , , ^pxarterx waster , , , iivixettxN in addition to their j)ay in the line, twenty -tive dol~ lafs. Sxsw LX ilxixi the vv^^xuxiss^ionei aforesaivl shall Iv entithxl to ivivive tor their daily siiHsisteixvv the following nuuilvr of x-^iioxxs of prv>Yisias; , , , a qxxarterixxaster . . . ^\>«erals eaoh six ratioxxs , , , or money in liexi therev>f , at the optioxx of the said otKv\>rs^ at the jx>sts, resjxvtiYely, where the rativ>xxs iOxall Kxviixe dxie: axnl if, at such iv>stsH supplies are xxot furnishevl by wnti-Hct, then sueh allowancv shall K> deemevl evjuitaWe, havtxt^ refereuet> to fonxxer ec»»- tracts and the |xxsitiox\ of the plaef the -uuerat^xt sums per month, iust<^dtherv\>f,towit: . , , mvaiu iuuih>icr . . , gvuerals, each, twelve dollars, , , . S^w :J3v That the gvHxeral statf , fis authv>riat\i by this act, shall con- tinxxe ix\ servic xwxtil the 4th dav oif ixext March and uo Icoxger, riiK (>r aim'mumastkk's dkivmm'mknt. VX^ Ac/ of March ■>", 17!): (/ Stuh., r>07). V\ ACT to Miiifinl ami icpcal, in part, llic arl ciiiillcil " \\\ acl In ascfilaiii ami ti\ llu' military i>stal>li-'^lmuMit ol' llu- I'niloil States." * * * Sk(\ ;>. Tlmt tluM(> shall hr oiu^ (^iiarttMMUiislor-Cionoral \vlu> sliall rrc(M\(> tlir saiiu^ |»ay aiul (>iii()limn>nls, i't\>^poctivolv, whioh tlioso (>llir(Ms lia\o luM-t'(ot'i>i-(> hroii allowcHl Ity law. * * * Act of M'aif .:'.s', r:vs (/ naca^., ,t,w). A\ \('r aiithoi'i/iiij:; tin> ricsiiloiit of tln> I'liitod States to rais(> a |>r(i\isiimal annv. ■K- * * Skc. T. 'That ill cast^ (ho rri'sidonl shall jiulo-o (ho oni]>K>yinon( ol' ii Qii!irtormas(iM--(uMUM-!il . . . (>ssoM(ial (o (lu* public iiitiM'os(, Iums htMvhy jiii(h(M-i/.(Ml, by ami \\i(h (lu^ aih ico aiul oousont of {\w SiMitite, to app«Mn( (ho sanio aoroiHlinoly, who shall ho (Mitidod (o tlu» rank, ]iay, and iMnolunnMils which follow, \i/: Quaf(onnastor-(JoM(M'al, (ho rjuik. pay, aiul oiuoluinontsot" a lioutonaiit-t'oloMol: . . . /)■<>/'/'(/,(/, That in t'aso tho ProsiikMit shall jiulni* it oxpodiont to appoint a . . . Quart iM'niastor-Cionoral, ... in tho voooss of tho Sonato, ho is horohy autiiori/od io niako any or all o( said appointnuMits, and yrant coiuniissions thoroi>n, which shall c\[mi(> at tho ond of tho noxt session o\' (h(> Soiiatt^ thofoaftof. Skc. !'. That lh(> . . (^uaftonnastor-Cionoral . . who may bo app(>in(od by \iftiu> {)( this act shall, rospocti\(*ly, continue in tHnnuiissit>n duriuii'siuh ((>riu only as tho President shall judoc iHMiuisito for tho public ser\ii'0. Six'. !(•. That no . . . stall oliictM" who shall l)e appointtnl by virtue o\' this act shall b(> ontitKnl to receive pay or emoluments until he shall b(> called in(o tu'tual sei'viee, nor for any lonoor time than he siiall continue therein. ... * * * Act of Jul 1/ 16, /:VS{/ . That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services for tlu^ military . . ., service of the United States shall bo made by ov under the direction of the ehief otHcors of the Departnients of War . and all aiiont^ or eontraetors for suyiplios or services as afore- saiil shall render their accounts for sottlenient to the ai't'ountant of the proper Pepartment for whii'h siu-h supplies or sorvit'os are n^iuirod, sul)jeet, novortholoss. to the inspection and re\"ision »»f tlie oIliciMs o\' the Treasury in mamuM- bofm-o ])reseriboil. Skc. 4. Tiiat it shall bo the duty of the jnirvoytn- o\' public supplies to exeeute all such orders as ho may from time to time ri>coi\ (^ fronv the SeeretMrv of ^^'ar, . . . relative io (ho proourino- and provid- ing" of all kinds of stiiros and supplies; :ind shall render his ai'counts S. Doc. 22i) la 194 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF V. S. ARMY. relative thereto to the accountants of the proper Departments, which accounts shall be subject to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury as aforesaid. Sec. 5. That the provision of the act passed on the eighth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, intituled ''An act makino- alterations in the Treasury and War Departments," and the act passed on the twenty-third day of February, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-live, intituled "An act to establish the office of purveyor of public supplies," so far as the same are repugnant to the provisions of this act, ])e, and the same are hereby, repealed. Sec. 6. That all contracts to be made by virtue of this act or of any law of the United States, and requiring the advance of money, or to be in any manner connected with the settlement of public accounts, shall be deposited in the office of the Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States within ninety days after their dates, respectively. Act of March 3, 1799 {1 SU/fs., 71^9). AN ACT for the lietter organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other purposes. Sec. 6. That when any officer shall be detached from a regiment, to serve as an . . . assistant to the Quartermaster-General, by what- soever name, . . . the place of such officer in his regiment shall be supplied by promotion or new appointment, or both, as may be requisite; butthe officer detached shall, nevertheless, retain his station in his regiment and shall rank and rise therein in the same manner as if he had not been detached. Sec. T. That no officer shall l)e appointed ... as the quarter- master of a division who, when appointed, shall be of a rank higher than that of captain, or as the quartermaster of a brigade w^ho, when appointed, shall be of a rank higher than that of first lieutenant . . . * -X- * Sec. 10. That there shall be a Quartermaster-General of the Army of the United States, who shall be entitled to the rank, pay, emolu- ments, and privileges of a major-general. •» * * Sec. 12. That to any army of the United States, other than that in which the Quartermaster-General shall serve, there shall be a deputy quartermaster-general, who shall be a held officer, and who, in addi- tion to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to lif ty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services and travelling- expenses; but the provisions of this act are not to affect the present (Quartermaster-General of the Army of the United States, who, in case a (^uai-termaster-General shall be appointed by virtue of this act, is to act as deputy quartermaster-general, and shall hereafter have the rank of lieutenant-colonel; and that to every division of an army there shall be a division quartermaster, who, in addition to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to thirty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services and travelling expenses; and that to every brigade there shall be a brigade quartermaster, who, in addi- tion to his other emoluments, shall be entitled to twenty-four dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. 195 and travelling expenses; each of which officers shall be chosen by the Quartermaster-General from among the regimental officers. -X- * * Sec. 24. That it shall be lawful for the Secretary of War to cause to be provided in each and every year all . . . camp utensils and equipage . . . necessary for the troops and armies of the United States for the succeeding year, and for this purpose to make purchases and enter or cause to be entered into all necessary contracts or obliga- tions for effecting the same. Act of March 16, 1802 {2 Stats., 132). AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. -X- * * Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . three military agents, and such number of assistant military agents as the President of the United States shall deem expedient, not exceeding one to each military post, which assistants shall be taken from the line; . . . Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officers ... be as follows, to wit: ... to each assistant militar}^ agent eight dollars, in addition to his pa}^ in the line, except the assistant military agents at Pittsl)urg and Niagara, who shall receive sixteen dollars each, in addi- tion to their pay in the line; . * * * Act of April 12, 1808 {2 Stats., 1^81.) AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force. * * * Sec. 8. That when, in the opinion of the President of the United States, a suitable proportion of the troops authorized by this act shall be raised, there may be appointed , . . two brigade quartermas- ters; ... Sec. 4. That the compensation of the officers . . . authorized by this act shall be, viz: . . . each l^rigade quartermaster . . . twenty dollars . . . per month in addition to their pay in the line; and to each six dollars per month for forage, when not fur- nished. -X- * * Sec. S. That in the recess of the Senate the President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint all or any of the officers, other than the general officers, proper to be appointed under this act, which appointments shall be submitted to the Senate at the next session for their advice and consent. Skc. 9. That every . . . staff' officer to be appointed in virtue of this act shall be a citizen of the United States or some one of the Territories thereof. Act of March 28, 1812 {2 Stats., 696). AN ACT to establish a Quartermaster's Department, and for other purposes. That there be, and hereby is, established a Quartermaster's Depart- ment for the Army of the United States, to consist of a Quartermaster- General, four deputy quartermasters, and as many assistant deputy 196 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. quartermasters as, in the opinion of tlie President of the United States, the public, service may require; the Quartermaster-General and deputy (luartcrmasters to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and the assistant deputy quarter- masters }\y the President alone. And he hereby is authorized, more- over, to appoint such additional numl)er of deputy quartermasters not exceeding- four, to be taken from the line or not, at his discretion, as in his judgment the public service may require. Sec. 2. That the Quartermaster-General shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general (under the act of the twelfth of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight), with forage for two additional horses; the deputy quartermasters, when not taken from the line, shall be entitled to receive sixty dollars per month, liv^e rations per day, and forage for two horses, but if taken from the line, then such additional pa}' and emoluments as shall be equal to the fore- going provision; the assistant deputy quartermasters, when not taken from the line, shall be entitled to and receive forty dollars per month, three rations per day, and forage for one horse, but if taken from the line, then such additional pay and emoluments as shall be equal to the foregoing provision. Sec. 3. That, in addition to their duties in the field, it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster-General, his deputies, and assistant depu- ties, when thereto directed by the Secretarv of War, to purchase mili- tary stores, camp equipage, and other articles requisite for the troops, and generally to procure and provide means of transport for the Arm}", its stores, artillery, and camp equipage; that the Quartermaster- General shall account, as often as may be required, and at least once in three months, with the Department of War, in such manner as shall be prescribed, for all property which may pass through his hands or the hands of the subordinate officers in his department, or that may be in his or their care or possession, and for all moneys which he or they may expend in discharging their respective duties; that he shall be responsible for the regularity and correctness of all returns in his department, and that he, his deputies, and assistant deputies, before they enter on the execution of their respective offices, shall severally take an oath faithfully to perform the duties thereof. * * * Sec. 5. That ... it shall be the duty of the deputy commis- saries, when directed thereto, ... in cases of necessity, liy the . Quartermaster-General or deputy quartermasters, to pur- chase all such of the aforesaid articles as may be requisite for the mili- tary service of the United States. Sec. 6. That neither . . . the Quartermaster-General . . . shall, directly or indirectly, be concerned or interested in carrying on the business of trade or commerce, or be owner, in whole or in part, of any sea vessel; nor shall (either of them) purchase, by himself or another in trust for him, public lands or any other public property, or be concerned in the purchase or disposal of any public securities of any State or of the United States, or take or apply to his own use any emolument or gain for negotiating or transacting any business in the said department, other than what shall be allowed by law; and if . . . the said Quartermaster-General . . . shall ofi'end against any of the prohibitions of this act, the parties so ofi'ending shall, upon conviction, forfeit to the United vStates the penalty of three thousand dollars and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding five years, THE QCJARTEEMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. 197 and .shall be removed from office and be forever thereafter incapable of holdint^- any office mider the United States. ■X- * -X- Sec. 10. That all letters and packets to and from the Quartermaster- General . . . shall be free from postage. * * * Sec. 12. That the Quartermaster-General be authorized to appoint a principal wagon master and as many wagon masters as he maj^ judge necessary for the service of the Army, not exceeding one to each bri- gade, whose duty it shall be, under the direction of the Quartermaster- General or any of his deputies, to provide and conduct the wagons and other means of transport necessary and proper for the military service of the United States. Sec. 13. That no wagon master shall, directly or indirectly, be con- cerned or interested in any wagon or means of transport employed in the service of the United States, nor in the purchase or sale of any horses, harness, wagons, or other means of transport procured for or belonging to the United States, except as agent for the United States. Sec. 14. That the principal wagon master shall be entitled to receive forty dollars per month, three rations per day, and forage for one horse; and each wagon master shall be entitled to receive thirty dol- lars per month, two rations per day, and. forage for one horse. Sec. 15. That the Quartermaster-General be authorized to appoint one principal forage master and as many assistant forage masters as the nature of the service may require, not exceeding one to each brigade, w^hose duty shall be, under the direction of the Quartermaster-General or any of his deputies, to provide and deliver out forage necessary and proper for the military service of the United States; nor shall any for- age master be directly or indirectly concerned in the purchase or sale of any article of forage procured for or belonging to the United States, except as an agent for tne United States. Sec. 10. That the principal forage master shall be entitled to and receive forty dollars per month, three rations per day, and forage for two horses; and that the other forage masters shall be entitled to and receive thirty dollars per month, two rations per daj", and forage for one horse. * * * Sec. 18. That this act shall go into operation on the first day of April next; and that so much of the act fixing the military peace estab- lishment of the United States as respects the appointment of military agents and assistant military agents be, and the same is hereby, repealed from and after that day; but all those agents shall continue to perform their respective duties in the meantime and until the deputy and assistant deputy quartermasters shall be appointed and ready to enter on the execution of their respective offices; to whom the said military agents and assistant military agents shall then deliver all the public stores and property in their possession. Sec. 1H. That all persons attached to the public service by virtue of this act shall be subject to military law. Sec. 20, That the President may and hereby is authorized, in the recess of the Senate, to appoint the Qviartermaster-General, deputy (luurtermasters ... or any of them, which appointments shall be submitted to the Senate at their next session for their advice and consent. 198 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of April 23, 1812 {2 Stats., 710). AN ACT for the organization of a corps of artificers. That there shall be attached to the Quartermaster-Gene''al'.s Depart- ment, and subject to the orders of the officers thereof, a corps of artificers, to consist of one superintendent, to be appointed by the President of the United States, four assistants, two master masons, two master carpenters, two master blaclismiths, two master boat builders, two master armorers, two master saddle and harness makers, twenty house carpenters, five ship carpenters, twenty ])lacksmiths, sixteen boat builders, sixteen armorers, twelve saddle and harness makers, and twenty-four laborers, to be selected from the privates of the Army when authorized thereto by the commanding general, or engaged from among the citizens by the superintendent. Sec. 2. That the pay of the superintendent of artificers shall be forty-five dollars per month, three rations per day, and forage for one horse; that the pay of the four assistants l)e each thirty dollars per month and two rations per day; that the pay of the twelve master workmen be each thirty dollars per month and one ration and one-half of a ration per day; that the pay of the other workmen be each sixteen dollars per month and one ration and one-half of a ration per da^^ Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the superintendent of artificers to render a correct report, once each month, of the corps to the Quar- termaster-General, and on oath to make out the pay roll thereof, which pay roll shall be examined by the Quartermaster-General, or in his absence by one of the deputy quartermasters, and by him be coun- tersigned; and faithfully and without delay to execute all such orders as he may receive from the Secretary of War, any officer of the Quar- termaster's Department, or from the officer commanding in the field or garrison to which his corps, or any part thereof, may be attached. Sec. 4. That this corps shall be engaged for and during the term of three years, unless sooner discharged by the President of the United States. Act of May 22, 1812 {2 Stats., 7^2). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act to establish a Quartermaster's Depart- ment, and for other purposes. ' ' That neither . . . the Quartermaster-General . . . nor any or either of their deputies or assistant deputies shall be concerned, directly or indirectly, in the purchase or sale, for commercial pur- poses, of any article intended for, making a part of, appertaining to their . . . departments, except for and on account of the United States; nor shall they . . . take or apply to his or their own use any gain or emolument for negotiating or transacting any business in their respective departments other than what is or may be allowed by law. Sec. 2. That the Quartermaster-General be, and he is herebj", empowered to appoint one principal barrack master, and as many deputy barrack masters as may from time to time be necessary, not exceeding one to each separate barrack or cantonment, which said principal barrack master shall be entitled to receive the same pay, rations, and emoluments as the principal forage master, and each of THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. 199 bis deputies the same pay, rations, and euioluments as is by law allowed to a deputy forage master. * * * Sec. 4. That the Quartermaster-General, the deputy quartermaster, and the assistant deputy quartermasters shall, before they or either of them enter upon the duties of their appointment, respectively enter into bond, with sufficient security, to be approved of by the Secretary at War, conditioned for the faithful expenditure of all public moneys, and accounting- for all public property which may come into their hands respectively; and the Quartermaster-General shall not be liable for any money or property that may come into the hands of the subor- dinate officers of his department. Sec. 5. That the sixth section of the act hereby amended be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Act ofJaJy 6', 18m {^2 Stat.s., 782). AN ACT respecting the pay of the Army of the United States. That . . . to a brigade quartermaster . . . there shall be idlowed forage for one horse only, or, in lieu thereof, ten dollars per month; . . . Act of Jill ij 6, 1812 {2 Stats., 784). AN ACT making further provisions for tlie Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That to any army of the United States, other than that in which the . . . Quartermaster-General of the Army shall serve, it shall be lawful for the President to appoint one . . . deputy quartermaster-general, . . . who shall be taken from the line of the Army, and who shall each, in addition to his pay and other emol- uments, be entitled to tifty doUars per month, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services. And that there shall be, to each of the foregoing deputies, such number of assistant deputies (not exceeding three to each department) as the public service may require, who .shall, in like manner, be taken from the line, and who shall each he entitled to thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pay and other emoluments, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services: And provided at so., That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint any of the officers named in the act during the recess of the Senate, to be submitted to the Sen- ate at their next meeting for their advice and. consent. Act of March 3, 1813 {2 Stats., 816). AN ACT the better to provide for the supplies of the Army of the United States, and for the accountability of persons entrusted with the same. * * * Sec. 2. [The superintendent-general of military supplies shall] pre- scribe the forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies purchased, on hand, (listril)uted, used, or sold, to be rendered 200 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. by . . . the several officers in the Quartermaster-General's Department, . . . Sec. 3. That . . . the several officers in the Qnartermaster- GeneraFs Department, . . . who shall have received or may be entrusted with any stores or supplies of any description whatever for the use of the Army of the United States and of the ^'olunteers or militia in their service shall render quarterly accounts of the disposi- tion and state of all such stores and su])plies to the superintendent aforesaid, and shall also malve such other returns respecting the same, and at such other times, as the Secretary for the War Department may prescribe: Proclded^ h(yicevei\ That the accounts and returns thus ren- dered shall relate to the articles of supply only which may have been received and disposed of, or as may remain on hand, and shall not embrace the specie accounts for monies disbursed by such officers ; which specie accounts shall be rendered as heretofore to the accountants for the War Department. Sec. -l. That the officers . . . who may receive monies in advance from the War Department shall render quarterly accounts to the accountant of the said Department of their specie receipts and dis- bursements, and shall, moreover, make such other monthly summary statements thereof to the Secretary for the said Department as he may prescribe. Sec. 5. That the Secretary for the War Department shall be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to deline and prescribe the spe- cies as well as the amount of supplies to be respectively purchased by the . . . Quartermaster-Generars departments and the respec- tive duties and powers of the said departments respecting- such pur- chases; . . . * * * Sec. 8. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, empowered as he may deem it expedient ... to authorize any officer or officers in the Quartermaster-GeneraFs Department to sup- l)ly and issue as aforesaid the whole or any part of the subsistence of the Army in all cases where, either from the want of contractors or from any deficiency on their part or from any contingenc^y, such measure may ])e proper and necessary in order to insure the subsist- ence of the Army or of any part thereof; . . . Act of March 3, 1813^ {3 Stats., 819). AN ACT for the better organization of the general staff of tlie Army of the United States. That the . . . Quartermaster-General's departments shall con- sist of the following officers; that is to say, . . . eight quarter- masters-general, eight deput}^ quartermasters-general, and thirty-two assistant deputy quartermasters-general. Sec. 2. That . . . the Quartermaster-General attached to the ^The superintendent-general of military supplies authorized to be appointed under this act was not a staff officer, but a civilian with a salary of $3,000 per annum. His duties were to keep proper accounts of all military stores and supplies of every description purchased for the Army, the volunteers, and the militia, and to prescribe forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies, etc. THE QUAETEKMASTEE'S DEPARTMENT. 201 principal Aruiy .shall, as heretofore, have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a l)rig-adier-g'eneral. Sec. 3. That all the other . . . quartermasters-general shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a colonel of infantr}-; . . . deputy quartermasters-general . . . shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a major of cav- alry; and the . . . assistant deputy quartermasters-general shall have the l)revet rank and the pay and emoluments of a captain of infantrv. Sec. -i:. . . . The . . . Quartermasters-General, deputy quartermasters-general, . . . and assistant quartermasters-general, may be taken from the line or not as the President may deem expe- dient. * * * Sec. 8. That the forage, wagon, and barrack masters shall be appointed as heretofore; but each quartermaster-general attached to a separate army, command, or district shall be authorized, with the approbation and under the direction of the Secretary of the War Department, to appoint as many such officers, and to employ as many artificers, mechanics, and laborers as the public service may require. Sec. 9. That the assistant deputy quartermasters-general may be appointed, and officers taken from the line and transferred to the staff may be thus transferred by the President of the United States alone. But all other new appointments authorized by this act shall be made l)y the President of the United States, with tlie advice and consent of the S(niate: Provided, That during the recess of the Senate such appointments may be made l)y the President alone, in which case the same shall be laid l)efore the Senate at their next session for their advice and consent. Sec. 10. That every act, and any part of any act of Congress now in force within the purview and meaning of this act, be, and the same are hereljy, repealed. Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the . . . quarter- masters-general, . . . which relate to their official duties, shall be free from postage. Act qfJIareh 30, ISU {3 Stats., 113). AN ACT for tlie better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 20. That in no case shall the district . . . quartermasters of any grade be taken from the line of the Army. * * * Act ofDecemhei^ 16, 18 U {3 Stats., 161). AN ACT directing the staff oflieers of the Army to comply with the requisitions of naval and marine officers in certain cases. That it shall be the duty of the several officers of the staff of the Army of the United States to provide [on the requisition of the com- manding naval or marine officers when acting or proceeding to act on 202 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. shore in cooperation Avitli land troops] . . . the necessary trans- portation, as well for the, men as for their bagoage, provisions, and cannon : . . . Sec. 2. That the respective quartermasters of the Army shall, upon the requisition of the commanding" naval officer of any such detach- ment of seamen or marines, furnish the said officer and his necessary aids with horses, accoutrements, and forage during the time they may be employed in cooperating with the land troops as aforesaid. Act of March 3, 1810 (.J Stafs., AN ACT tixing the military peace estaliliHhnieiit of the TTiiited States. Sec. 3. That there shall l)e . . . four brigade quartermasters The . . . brigade quartermasters shall be taken from the subalterns of the line. May 17, 1S1.5. — . . . And the President of the United States has further judged proper, that, in addition to the provision for a general staff which is specifically made by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained under the special authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge without material injury to the service; and that the following shall be the GENERAL STAFF. One Quartermaster-General and two deputy quartermasters-general to l)ei)rovision- ally retained. Four brigade ((uartermasters. * * * {General Orders, A. and J. r,'.',s Ofiice.) Act of Ajyril ^^, 181G (3 Sfn/.^., 297). AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for tlie Army of the United States. That in addition to the act providing for a military peace establish- ment, the provisions of the act of March the third, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, for the better organization of the general staff, be, and the same are hereb}^, so far established, that the general staff' shall, in future, consist of . . . one Quartermaster-General with one deputy quartermaster-general to a division; and an assistant of each to every brigade, which shall supersede the brigade quartermas- ters . . . now existing ... Sec. 6. That all officers of the . . . quartermaster's depart- ment, shall, previous to their entering on the duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, fully to account for all moneys and pu])lic property which they may receive, in such sum as the Secretary of War shall direct. . . . THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. 203 Ac/ i>f March S, 1S17 (->' StaU., 39J^). AN ACT to amend au act entitled "An act making furtlier provisions for military- services during the late war, and for other purposes." * * * Skc. 2. That the provisions contained in an act entitled "An actfix- ino- the military peace establishment of the United States," passed on the third of March, one thousand eic^ht hmidred and fifteen, granting to the commissioned officers of the Regirlar Army, who were deranged 1)V .said act, three months' pay in addition to the pay and emoluments to which they were entitled by law at the time of their discharge, shall equally extend to wagon masters, forage masters, barrack masters, . . . who were deranged by the before-recited act, except those provisionally retained by the President of the United States- * * w Act of April U, 1S18 (.; Stat><., Jp9M). AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army. That SO much of the . . . "Act for organizing the general staff and making further provision for the Army of the United States," passed April twenty-fourth, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen, as relates to . . . forage, wagon, and barrack masters, and their assistants be, and the same is hereby, repealed. * * -x- Sec. 3. That so much of the act of the twenty-fourth of April, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen, aforesaid as relates to the quar- termaster-general of division shall ])e repealed and the Quartermaster's Department shall consist, in addition to the two deputy quartermas- ters-genei'al and the four assistant deputy quartermasters-general, now authorized, of one Quartermaster-General, with the rank, pay, and emolument of a l)rigadier-general, and as manj^ assistant deputy quar- masters-gen(M-al as the President shall deem proper, not exceeding in the whole number twelve. Act of May f ISW^ {3 Stats., 567). AN ACT in addition to the several acts for the establishment and regulation of the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments. * * * Sec. (3. That no contract shall hereafter be made by the Secretary of . . . the Department of War, . . . except under a law authorizing the same, or under an appropriation adequate to its f ul- tillment; and excepting, also, . . . contracts by the Quartermas- ter's Department, which mav be made by the secretaries of those departments. •X- * * ^Section 5 of this act authorizes the President to direct a portion of the moneys appropriated respectively for the service of the Quartermaster's, Subsistence, and ^Medical Dei)artments to be applied to any other of the above-mentioned branches of expenditure. 204 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 3, 1S21 (,^ Sf.aLs., 615). AN ACT to reduce and fix tlu^ luilitary peace estahliHlinient of tlie TTuited States. * * * Sec. 7. That there shall be one Quartermaster-General; that there shall be two quartermasters, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry; and ten assistant quartermasters, who shall, in addition to their pay in the line, receive a sum not less than ten nor more than twenty dollars per itionth, to be regulated by the Secretary of War. Sec. 8. That . . . the assistant quartermasters . . . shall be subject to duties in both departments [and Subsistence Department] under the orders of the Secretary of War. * * * Act of March 3, 189.5 (^ Statn., 127). AN ACT authorizing the sale of unserviceable onhiance, arms, and military stores. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to cause to be sold an}' . . . military stores . . . which, upon proper inspection and surve}', shall appear to be damaged or otherwise unsuitable for the public service, whenever, in his opinion, the sale of such unserviceable stores will be advantageous to the public service. Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of the unserviceable stores shall be made by an inspector-general, or such other officer or officers as the Secretary of War may appoint for that purpose; and the sales shall be made under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War. Act of May 18, 1826 (^ Stats., 173). AN ACT regulating the accountability for clothing and equipage issued to the Army of the United States and for the better organization of the Quartermaster's Department. That it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster's Department, in addition to its present duties, to receive from the purchasing depart- ment and distribute to the Army of the United States all clothing and camp and garrison equipage required for the use of the troops; and that it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster-General, under the direction of the Secretary of War, to prescril)e and enforce, under the provisions of this act, a system of accountability for all clothing and equipage issued to the Army. Sec. 2. That every captain, or commander of a company', detach- ment, or recruiting station, or other officer, who shall have received clothing or camp equipage for the use of his command, or for issue to the troops, shall render to the Quartermaster-General, at the expiration of each regular quarter of the year, quarterly returns of such sup- plies, according to the forms which may be prescribed, accompanied by the requisite vouchers for any issue that shall have been made, which returns and vouchers, after due examination by the Quartermaster- THE QUARTERMASTEE's DEPARTMENT. 205 General, shall })c transmitted for settlement to the proper officer of the Treasury Department. Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of all officers charged with the issue of clothing- or other supplies carefully to preserve the same from waste or damage; and in case of dcliciency on final settlement of any article of supplies the value thereof shall be charged against the delin- (pient and deducted from his monthly pay, unless he shall show to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War by one or more depositions set- ting forth the circumstances of the case that the said deficiency was occasioned by unavoidable accident, or was lost in actual service, with- out any fault on his part; and in case of damage he shall also be sub- ject to charge for the damage actually sustained, unless he shall show, in like manner, to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War, that due care and attention were given to the preservation of said supplies and that the damage did not result from neglect. Sec. 4. That the better to enable the Quartermaster's Department to carry into effect the provisions of this act there be appointed two addi- tional quartermasters and ten assistant quartermasters, to be taken from the line of the Army, who shall have the same rank and compen- sation as are provided for like grades by the act entitled "An act to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States," approved the second day of March, one thousand eight hundred and twenty -one: Provided, That assistant quartermasters be entitled, also, to receive the allowance of forage heretofore authorized by law to regimental and battalion quartermasters. Sec. 5. That each officer appointed under this act shall, before he enters upon his duties, give bond, with sufficient surety, to be approved by the Secretary of War, in such sum as the President shall direct, with condition for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. Act of March 2, 1827 {4, Stats., 238). AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-OfRce Department. * * * Sec. 4. That the . . . Quartermaster-General . . . be authorized to frank and to receive letters and packets by post free of postage . Act of July J,., 1836 {5 Stats., 117). AN ACT authorizing the apj)ointment of additional i)aymasters, and for :)ther purposes. * * * Sec. 5. That during the absence of the Quartermaster-General . the President be authorized to empower some officer of the department . . . whose chief is absent to take charge thereof, and to perform the duties of Quartermaster-General . . . during such absence: Provided, That no additional compensation be allowed therefor. 206 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of July 5, 1838 (5 StaU., '256). AN ACT to increase the present military establisliiuent of tlie United Staten, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 9. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to add to the Qiiartermaster\s Department not exceeding two assistant quartermasters-general with the rank of colonel, two deputy quarter- masters-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and eight assistant quartermasters with the rank of captain; that the assistant quarter- masters now in service shall have the same rank as is provided by this act for those hereby authorized; and that the pay and emoluments of the officers of the Quartermaster's Department shall be the same as are allowed to officers of similar rank in the regiment of dragoons: Pro- vided., That all appointments in the Quartermaster's Department shall be made from the Army, Jind when officers taken for such appoint- ments hold rank in the line they shall thereupon relinquish said rank and be separated from the line of the Army, and that promotion in said department shall take place as in regiments and corps. Sec. 10. That the Quartermaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized from time to tiuMi to employ as man}^ forage mastei's and wagon masters as he may deem necessary for the service, not exceed- ing twenty in the whole, who shall be entitled to' receive each forty dollars per month and three rations per day, and forage for one horse; and neither of whom shall be interested or concerned, directly or indi- rectly, in any wagon or other means of transport employed by the United States, nor in the purchase or sale of any property procured for or belonging to the United States, except as an agent for the United States. Act of July 7, 1838 (5 Stats., 308). AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purjjoses," approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight. That the act to which this is a supplement shall ])c, and the same hereby is, explained, limited, and moditied as follows: * * * Third. That so much of said act as requires assistant quartermasters to be separated from the line shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed. jixjt (f August 23, 184.2 {5 Stats., 512). AN ACT reHi)ec,ting tlie organization of the Army, and for other purposes. * x * Sec. 3. That the office of commissary-general of purchases, some- times called commissary of purchases, shall I )e, and thesameis hereb}^, abolished, and the duties thereof shall licreafter be performed by the officers of the Quartermaster's Department, with such of the officers and clerks now attached to the purchasing department as shall be THE QUAKTERMASTER's DEPARTMENT. 207 authorized by- the Secretary of War, and under such regulations as shall he prescribed hj the said Secretary, under the sanction of the President of the United States. Act of June IS, IHIfi {9 Stats., 17). AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for other purposes. * * -X- Sec. 5. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service of the United States, in such numbers that the officers of the Quarter- master , . . departments, authorized by law, bo not sufficient to provide for supplying, quartering, transporting . . . them . . . it shall be lawful for the President to appoint, with the advice and con- sent of the Senate, as many additional officers of said departments as the service may require, not exceeding one quartermaster . . . for each brigade, with the rank of major, and one assistant quartermaster with the rank of captain; . . . the said quartermasters, . . . assistant quartermasters, ... to give bonds, with good and suf- ficient sureties, for the faithful performance of their duties; and they . . . to perform such duties as the President shall direct: Provided, That the said officers shall l)e allowed the same pay and emoluments as are now allowed to officers of the same descriptions and grades in those departments, . . . that they be subject to the rules and Arti- cles of War, and continue in service only so long as their services shall be required in connection with the militia and volunteers. * * * Sec. 7. That promotion in the Quartermaster's Department to the rank of major shall hereafter be made from the captains of the Army. . . . Act ofFehruary 11, 181^7 {9 Stats., 123). AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force, and for other purposes. Sec. 10. That it shall and ma}^ be lawful for the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint, from the officers of the Army, foui- quartermasters of the rank of major, and ten assist- ant quartermasters Avith the rank of captain. Act (jf March 3, 181^7 [9 Stats., 184). AN ACT making provision for an additional number of general officers, and for other purposes. Sec. 20. That the provisions of the sixth section of the act entitled "An act respecting the organization of the Army," etc., approved August twenty-third, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two, which 208 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. allows additional rations to certain officers of the Army, be, and the same are hereby, so extended as to embrace the Quartermaster-General . . . of the Army from the date of the act. * * * Juhi 10, 184S {9-£4f)) ■ — Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted men in the several corps of the Army. Aef of July 19, 181^8 (9 Stats., 2P). AN ACT to amend an ac-t entitled "An act supplemental to an act entitled 'An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico, ' ' ' and for other purposes. * * -x- Sec. 3. That so much of said act passed on the eleventh February, one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, as requires the discharge at the close of the war with Mexico of ... ; four quartermasters and ten assistant quartermasters, as authorized by the 10th section of said act; . . . be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That no vacancy happening under the provisions so repealed shall be filled up until further authorized hy law: . September 28, 1850 {9-504)- — Moneys received from the sale of military stores and other supplies exempted from operation of act of March 8, 1849, requiring certain moneys to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction. Act of March 3, 1851 {9 Stats., 595). AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and dis- abled soldiers of the Armv of the United States. Sec. 2. That . . . the Quartermaster-General . . . shall be ex officio commissioners of the same. Act of March 3, 1857 {11 Stats., WO). AN ACT making appropriations for the supi)ort of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and fifty-eight. * * * Sec. 2. That there shall be added to the Quartermaster's Department of the Army live military storekeepers, who shall give the bond and security required by the existing law; and they and all other military storekeepers shall have in kind, and in kind only, the fuel and quarters of first lieutenant of the Army. * * * March 3, 1859 {11-4-U). — Board of commissioners of tlie Soldiers' Home reduced; Quartermaster-General no longer a meml^er thereof. Act of June 23, 1860 {P2 StaU., 91). AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixtv-one. * * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the departments of the Government, (except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not rccpiire the immediate delivery THE QUARTERMASTEE's DEPARTMENT. 209 of articles or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising", a sufficient time previously, for proposals respecting- the same. When innnediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be authorized b}" law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fullil- ment, except in the War and Navy Departments, for clothing, subsist- ence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. No . . . military supplies whatever which arc of a patented invention shall be purchased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention, unless the same shall be authorized by law and the appropriation therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such patented invention. Act of FAruary 21, 1861 {m Stats., ip). AN ACT making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thir- tieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. * -» -X- Sec. 6. That the third section of the act entitled ''An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun- dred and sixty, be, and the same is hereby, repealed, except so far as the said section prohibits the purchase of patented lirearms, as to which the said section shall still be in force. Act of March '2, 1861 {1'2 Stats., 21.'^). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. * * * Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in an}' of the departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not require the innnediate delivery of the article or articles, or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required hj the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold, or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or ])urchasc shall hereafter be made, unless the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fultilment, except in the War . . . Departments, for cloth- ing, sul)sist(Micc, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation which, how- ever, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. And the third section of the act entitled '"An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Governinent for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty-third] of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed. S. Doc. 229 14 210 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of July 22, 1861 {12 Stats., 268). AN ACT to authorize the employment of vokinteers to aid in enforcing the laws and protecting public property. * * * Sec. 3. . . . Each brigade . . . shall have . . . one assistant quartermaster. * * * Act of Aug%ist 3, 1861 {12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the better organization of the military (>.stablishment. * * * Sec. 3. . . . And there shall be added to the Quartermaster's Department one colonel, two lieutenant-colonels, four majors, and twenty captains, ^vdth the rank, pay, and allowances of officers of cavalry; and whenever any army captain of the Quartermaster's Department shall have served fourteen years' continuoiis service, he shall be promoted to the rank of major; and that there shall be added to the Quartermaster's Department as many master wagoners, with the rank, pay, and allowances of sergeants of cavahy, and as many wagoners, with the pay and allowances of corporals of cavalry, as the military service, in the judgment of the President, ma}" render necessary. * * * Act of January 31, 1862 {12 Stats., 334). AN ACT to authorize the President of the United States in certain cases to take possession of railroad and telegraph lines, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 4. That the transportation of troops, munitions of war, equip- ment, military property, and stores throughout the United States shall be under the immediate control and supervision of the Secretary of War and such agents as he may appoint; and all rides, regulations, articles, usages, and laws in conflict with this provision are herebj- annulled. * * * Februarif 12, 1862 {12-338) . — Three competent naval officers may be temporarily detailed for inspecting transport vessels-, etc. , for the service of the War Department. Act of July o, 1862 {12 Stats., fiOB). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and additional appropriations for the year ending thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 8. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized, by and with the consent of the Senate, to appoint as man}" military storckeepei's in the Quartermaster's Department of the Army as the exigencies of the service may require: Proinded, The whole number of military storekeepers in that department shall not exceed twelve. THE QUAETERMASTER's DEPARTMENT. 211 July 12, 1862 {12-624)- — Extra clothing to be furnished to all sick, wounded, or other soldiers who may have lost the same by the casualties of war. July 17, 1862 (ii'-5.9^).— Contractors for military supplies guilty of fraud to be sub- ject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This provision was extended by section 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents and to all inspectors of military sujiplies. Act of July 17, 186'2 {12 Stats., 597). AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eighth, seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the acts amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. •A- -X- * Sec. to. That each army corps shall have . . . one quarter- master . . . who shall boar . . . the rank of lieutenant- colonel, and who shall be assigned from the Army or volunteer force bv the President. Act of June 25, I86J4, {13 Stats., 181). AN ACT to provide for the examination of certain officers oi the Army. Thateveryquartermaster and assistant quartermaster , . . shall, as soon as practicable, be ordered to appear for examination as to his c[ualilications before a board to be composed of three stall' officers of the corps to which he belongs, of recog'nized merit and fitness, of whom two at least shall be officers of volunteers, which board shall make a careful examination as to the qualification of all officers who may appear before them in pursuance of this act, and shall also keep min- utes and make a full and true record of the examination in each case. ^Vnd all members of such boards of examination shall, before proceed- ing to the discharge of their duties as herein provided, swear or affirm that they will conduct all examinations with impartiality and with a sole view to the qualifications of the person or persons to be examined, and that they will not divulge the vote of any member upon the exam- ination of any officer who may appear before them. Sec. 2. That such boards of examination shall be convened, under the direction of the Secretary of War, by the Quartermaster-General at convenient places; and general rules of examination and a standard of qualification shall be prescribed by said officers, subject to the a[)proval of the Secretar}' of War, and shall be published in general orders. Sec. 3. That after such general order shall have been published for sixty days if an}' officer who shall then be ordered before a board of examiners, under the provisions of this act, shall fail for thirty days after receiving such special order to report himself as directed, all his pay and allowances shall cease and be forfeited luitil he does appearand report for examination; and if he shall still thereafter fail for a further ])eriod of thirty days so to appear he shall thereupon l)e dropped from i\\v rolls of the Army: Provided, hoioever. That if such failure to appear and report shall have l)een occasioned by wounds or sickness, or other physical disability, then there shall be no forfeiture of pay until thirty days after such disability has been removed; but if in sixty days aftin- the disability is removed the officer shall not report himself he shall then be dropped from the rolls as in other cases. 212 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 4:. That if the board of examination shall report that any officer does not possess the requisite business qualifications they shall forward the record of the examination of such officer to the head of the bureau to which he ma}' belong, and if the head of such bureau shall approve the finding and report of the board he shall forward the same, through the Secretary of War, to the President of the United States, and if the President shall confirm the same the officer so failing in his examina- tion shall, if commissioned, be dismissed from the seryice with one month\s pay, and if not yet commissioned, his appointment shall be reyoked. And if the board shall report that any officer fails to pass a satisfactory examination by reason of intemperance, gambling, or other immorality, and if the head of the bureau shall approye the finding and report of the board, and the same being communicated, as before pro- vided, to the President and confirmed by him, then such officer shall be dismissed from the seryice without pay, and shall not be permitted to reenter the seryice as an officer: Provided^ That such dismissal shall not relieye him from liability under existing laws for any offense he may haye committed. Sec. 5. That the boards of examination shall forward all their rec- ords of examination to the heads of the bureau to which they appertain, and such records shall be filed in the proper bureau with a suitable index; and any officer who may desire it shall l)e entitled to receive a copy of the record in his own case upon paying the cost of copying the same. Act of July ^, 186 J^ {13 Stats., 381). AN ACT to restrict the jurisdiction of the Court of C-lainis and to provide for the payment of certain demands for quartermaster's stores and subsistence supplies furnished to tlie Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 2. I'hat all claims of loyal citizens in States not in rebellion for quartermaster's stores actually furnished to the Army of the United States and receipted for l)y the proper officer recei\'ing the same, or which may have been taken l)y such officers without gi^'ing such receipt, may be submitted to the Quartermaster-General of the United States, accompanied with such proofs as each claimant can present of the facts in his case; and it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster -General to cause such claim to be examined, and if conyinced that it is just and of the loyalty of the claimant, and that the stores haye 1)een actually receiyed or taken for the use of and used by said Army, then to report each case to the Third Auditor of the Treasur}^ with a recommendation for settlement. AH of Jul II .J, /-SY;// [13 Sfat.s., 394). AN ACT to provide for tlie l^etter organization of tlie Quartermaster's Department. That there shall be established in the office of the Quartermaster- General of the Army, to exist during the present rel)ellion and one year thereafter, the following diyisions, each of which shall be placed in the charge of a competent officer of the Quartermaster"'s Department, to be assigned to such duty by the Secretary of War, who shall, under THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. 213 siu'li rules ii,s may be proscribed by the Quarteruuister-General, with the apprt)\al of the Secretary of Wai", transact the business of such division as hereinafter provided, to wit: The tirst division shall have charge of the purchase, procurement, and disposition of horses and nuiles for cavahy, artillery, wagon and ambulance trains, and all other purposes for which horses or mules may be procured for the armies of the United States. The second division shall have charge of the purchase, procurement, issue, and disposition of cloth and clothing, knapsacks, camp and gar- rison equipage, and all accoutrements of the soldier which are provided by the Quartermaster's Department. The third division shall have charge of the purchase, charter, hire, and maintenance of all vessels to be used in the transportation of the Army, and of prisoners of war, and of their supplies, on the ocean, and the bays and sounds coimected therewith, and upon the northern and northwestern lakes, including all vessels propelled by steam or other- wise, owned or employed l)y the War Department, excepting riv^er steam vessels and l)arges upon the Western rivers. The fourth division shall have charge of the purchase, charter, hire, maintenance, and procurement of all transportation for the Army, and its supplies by land and upon the Western rivers (other than transpor- tation l)y animal power in the field and at camps, garrisons, posts, depots, and stations), including all railroad and telegraph lines oper- ated by the United States for military purposes, and of all steam rams and gunboats owned or employed by the War Department upon the ^Vestern rivers, until other disposition shall be made of them by com- petent authorit3\ The fifth division shall have charge of the purchase, procurement, issue, and disposition of forage and straw for the Army. The sixth division shall have charge of the erection, procurement, maintenance, disposition, and so forth, of all barracks, hospital build- ings, storehouses, stables, bridges (other than railroad bridges), wharves, and other structures composed in whole or in part of lum- ber, and of all lumber, nails, and hardware for building purposes; and of the hire and commutation of quarters for officers, the hire of quar- ters for troops, the hire of grounds for cantonments, or other military purposes, and the repair and care of all buildings and other structures herein mentioned, and of all grounds owned, hired, or occupied for military purposes, except such as are lawfully under the charge of other bureaus of the War Department; and of extra pay to soldiers employed in erecting barracks, or other fatigue duty, under the acts of MaVch second, eighteen hundred and nineteen, and August fourth, eighteen hundred and tiftv-four. The seventh division shall have charge of the purchase, procure- ment, issue, and disposition of all wagons, ambulances, travelling forges, and harness (except such as are furnished by the Ordnance Department), and of all hardware, except as hereinbefore provided, and of all fuel for officers and enlisted men, camps, garrisons, hospitals, posts, storehouses, offices, public transports, steam rams, and army gunboats, and of all transportation by animal power in the field, at camps, garrisons, posts, depots, and stations, and of the construction and repair of roads other than railroads; and of the compensation of wagon and forage masters, and of clerks to officers of the Quarter- master's Department; and of the purchase of heating and cooking 214 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF TJ. S. ARMY. stoves; and of the expenses of courts -martial, military commissions, and courts of inquiry; and of mileage and allowances to officers for the transportation of themselves and their baggage when travelling upon duty without troops, escorts, or supplies, and of supplies for prisoners of war and such I'ef ugees as the Secretary of War may direct to be temporarily provided for; and of the purchase of stationer}^, blanks, and blank books for the Quartermaster's Department; and of the printing of the division and department orders and reports; and of the proper and authorized expenses for the movements and operations of an army not expressly assigned to any other division or department. The eighth division shall have charge of all inspections of the Quar- termaster's Department, and of all reports made by officers assigned to inspection duty, analyzing and preserving the reports as received, and communicating through the Quartermaster-General to the chiefs of the proper divisions such portions of these reports as may be neces- sary for their information and use: Prorided^ That the officers assigned to inspection duty shall have power not only to report and to point out any errors or abuses which they may discover in the practical operations of the Quartermaster's Department, but to give, by order of the Quartermaster-General, the orders which maj^ be immediately necessary to correct and prevent a continuance of such abuse or errors: Promdtd further^ That all such orders shall be immediately reported to the chief of the inspection division for the approval or otherwise of the Quartermaster-General. The ninth division shall have charge of all correspondence, returns, reports, and records received, filed, and preserved in the office of the Quartermaster-Genei'al, and of the transmission thereof to the several other divisions of this office, and departments of the Government. Sec. 2. That the heads of the several divisions above mentioned shall, under the direction of the Quartermaster-General, from time to time, advertise for proposals for the supplies necessary for the move- ments and operations of the several armies, posts, detachments, garri- sons, hospitals, and for other military purposes, in newspapers having general circulation in those parts of the country where such supplies can be most advantageously furnished, having regard also to the places where such supplies are to be delivered and used; and all such sup- plies, so purchased and contracted for, shall be subject to careful inspection, and all clothing and camp and garrison equipage shall be subject to a double inspection, first, as to the quality of the material, and, second, as to the kind and character of the workmanship, which inspection shall in all cases ])e performed by a competent inspector, with suitable assistants, who shall have had ample experience in the inspection of cloth, clothing, knapsacks, camp and garrison equipage; and all payments for supplies so purchased shall be made under the direction of the officers in charge of the several divisions above men- tioned, upon receipts or certificates from the officers inspecting and receiving such supplies, prepared in such form and attested in such manner as may be prescribed l)y the Quartermaster-General. Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster-General to establish depots, from time to time, at places convenient to the prin- cipal armies in the field, for receiving and distributing the supplies necessary for such armies, and for the detachments, posts, and hos- pitals most accessible to such depots; and the business of inspecting, weighing, measuring, and receiving supplies for such armies, detach- THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. 215 ments, posts, and hospitals, and of. giving- receipts or certificates there- for to the persons furnishing such supplies, shall be carried on as far as practicable at such depots; but the Quartermaster-General, or the heads of the several divisions above mentioned, may cause such supplies to be sent from the place of purchase directly to the quartermasters of the commands for whose use they are procured, in any cases where it may be more economical or advantageous so to do; and in cases where horses, mules, clothing, or camp and garrison equipage may be so sent, suitable and competent inspectors shall be sent to examine the same before they shall be issued and receipted for. Sec. -i. That when an emergency shall exist requiring the immedi- ate procurement of supplies for the necessary movements and opera- tions of an army or detachment, and when such supplies can not be procured from any established depot of the Quartermaster's Depart ment, or from the head of the division charged with the duty of fur- nishing such supplies, within the required time, then it shall be lawful for the commanding officer of such army or detachment to order the chief quartermaster of such army or detachment to procure such sup- plies during the continuance of such emergency, but no longer, in the most expeditious manner, and without advertisement; and it shall be the duty of such quartermaster to obey such order; and his accounts of the disbursement of moneys for such supplies shall be accompanied by the order of the commanding officer as aforesaid, or a certified copy of the same, and also by a statement of the particular facts and circumstances, with their dates, constituting such emergency. Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster- General, imme- diateh" after the passage of this act, and at least once in every month thereafter, to require from the principal quartermasters of the several military departments and depots approximate statements of the aggre- gate amounts of supplies on hand, and estimates of the additional amounts required for the service for the ensuing month, stating at what places such supplies will be required, and what amounts are legally contracted for but not yet delivered. And it shall be the duty of the heads of the several divisions above mentioned to cause to be made purchases or contracts for the supplies which the Quartermaster- General may estimate to be necessary in accordance with law, and all quartermasters shall forthwith report to the Quartermaster- General, to be referred to the heads of the several divisions above mentioned, all contracts not yet fulfilled which the}^ may have executed on l)ehalf of the United States, and all proposals which they may have received in answer to advertisements for future supplies, and shall hereafter regularly report to the Quartermaster-General copies of all contracts made and all proposals receiv^ed for supplies of any kind to be fur- nished. And if any quartermaster shall neglect or refuse, for the space of one month, to I'eport to the Quartermaster-General any such contract or proposal, such neglect or refusal shall be deemed prima facie evidence of fraud, and the pay of such quartermaster shall be stopped imtil he shall have made a satisfactory explanation to the Secre- taiy of War of such neglect or refusal. Sec. G. That all inspectors of horses, mules, clothing, fuel, forage, lumber, hired transports, and other supplies of tlie Quartermaster's Department shall 1)0 sworn (or affirmed) to perform their duties in a faithful and impartial manner, and shall for any corruption, wilful neglect, or fraud in the performance of ttieir duties be liable to pun- 216 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. ishment by line and imprisonment, by sentence of court-martial or military commission; and if any contractor or person furnishino- such supplies or transportation shall give or offer to give to any inspector of such supplies or transportation, or to any other person for his use, directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable consideration, such person giving or offering to give such money or other valuable con- sideration shall forfeit to the United* States the full amount of his contract or contracts with the United States, and the name and offence of such person shall be published in general orders, and also in one newspaper of general circulation nearest to his place of residence. Sec. 7. That the provisions of the sixteenth section of the act entitled "An act to define the pay and emoluments of certain officers of the Army, and for other purposes," approved July seventeen, eight- een hundred and sixty-two, shall apply to all persons engaged in executing the contracts therein referred to, whether as agents of such contractors or as claiming to be assignees thereof, or otherwise, and to all inspectors employed by the United States for the inspection of subsistence, clothing, arms, ammunition, munitions of war, or other description of supplies for the Arni}^ or Navy of the United States: Providtd, That any person arrested to answer charges for a violation of the provisions of this act, or of the act to which it is in addition, shall be admitted to bail for his appearance to answer the charges made against him before any court-martial constituted to tr}" him, in such sums and with such sureties as shall be designated and approved by the judge of the district court of the district in which the arrest is made or the offence is charged to have been committed, or any com- missioner appointed by such court. Sec. 8. That if any contractor or person furnishing supplies or transportation shall give, or offer to give, or cause to be given, to any ofiicer or employee of the Quartermaster's Department having charge of the receipt or disposition of the supplies or transportation furnished by him, or in any way connected therewith, any money or other valu- able consideration, directly or indirectly, all contracts and charters with such person shall, at the option of the Secretary of War, be null and void; and if any ofiicer or employee of the Quartermaster's Department shall knowingly accept any such money or other Aakialffe consideration from such person, he shall ])e deemed guilty of mal- feasance, and shall be punished by fine and imprisonment, or both, as a court-martial or militar}" commission may direct. Sec. 9. That whenever it shall become necessary to purchase any steam or sailing vessel for the use of the Quartermaster's Department, the same shall be first inspected by one or more competent naval officers detailed in accordance with the provisions of the "act author- izing the detail of naval officers for the service of the AVar Depart- ment," approved February twelve, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and all steam vessels shall ])e inspected by an ofiicer skilled in the con- struction and operation of steam machinery, in addition to the other usual inspection of such vessels: Provided., That the provisions of this section shall not apply to steamboats or other vessels in military serv- ice on the western rivers; but such river steamboats or vessels shall be so inspected by competent builders, to be designated for that purpose. Sec. 10. That the officers placed in charge of the several divisions provided for by the first section of this act shall, during the time they remain in such charge, each have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. 217 colonel in tlie Qiuirterma.ster's Department: Proidded^ That the Quar- termaster-General ma}', with the approval of the Secretary' of War, from time to time, and according* to the necessities of the public service, change the distribution of duties among them; and all such changes shall be forthwith published in general orders of the War Department, Sec. 11. That during the continuance of the present rebellion the Secretary of War may assign to duty, as inspectors of the Quarter- master's Department, six officers, to be selected from the regular and volunteer officers of that staff corps, who have served not less than one year, who shall have, while so assigned and acting, the temporary rank, pa}", and emoluments of colonels of the Quartermaster's Depart- ment; and also, when in his judgment it is necessary, ma}^ assign to each army in the field, consisting of more than one army corps, and to each military department, and to each principal depot, not exceeding ten in number at anyone time, of the Quartermaster's Department^ an officer to act as chief or senior quartermaster of said army, military department, or depot, who shall have while so assigned the temporary rank, pay. and emoluments of a colonel of the Quartermaster's Depart- ment; and also to assign to each division of two or more brigades a quartermaster, as division quartermaster, who, while so assigned and acting, shall have the temporar}" rank, pa}", and emoluments of a major of the Quartermaster's Department: Provided^ That when any of said officers is relieved from such duty, his temporary rank, pay, and emoluments shall cease, and he shall return to his lineal rank in the department: And j^^'ov id (d further. That when within the limits of any military department there shall be not more than one army corps, then the chief quartermaster of the army corps shall perform also the duties of the department quartermaster. Sec. 12. That at least two-thirds of all officers of each grade or assigned rank provided for under the provisions of this act shall be selected from among quartermasters of the volunteer service. * * * March 3, 1865 {lS-507) . — Fuel may be issued to destitute refugees and freedmen. Resolution of March 3, 1865 {13 Stats., 571). A RESOLUTIOX to authorize and direct an inventory of articles in the quarter- masters' depots of the United States and in the possession of the naval storekeepers of the United States. That the Secretary of War be, and is hereby, directed to cause a strict inspection to be made of the Quartermaster's Department as soon as practicable after the passage of this resolution, and a com- parison be made between the reports of the officers in charge of the quartermasters' depots at New York, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Saint Louis, and Louisville, and the articles on hand. Act of July 13, 1866 {U Stats., 90). AN ACT making appropriatioiis for the support of the Army for the year ending thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 1. That the Quartermaster's Department shall in all cases, in obtaining supplies for the military service, state in advertisements for bids for contracts that a preference shall be given to articles of 218 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. domestic production and manufacture, conditions of price and quality being equal, and that such preference shall be given to articles of American production and uianufacture produced on the Pacific coast to the extent of the consumption required by the public service there; and in advertising for army supplies the Quartermaster's Department shall require all articles which are to be used in the States and Terri- tories of the Pacific coast to be delivered and inspected at points desig- nated in those States and Territories, and the advertisements for such supplies shall be published in newspapers of the cities of San Francisco, in California, and Portland, in Oregon. * , * * July 14, 1866 {14-364). — Condemned clothing and surplus camp and garrison equipage may be issued to families rendered homeless and destitute by recent fire in Portland, Me. Surplus bedding and hospital furniture may be issued (same as above) . July 16, 1866 {14-173). — Transportation may be furnished destitute refugees and freedmen. J'uhj 28, 1866 {14-310). — This act makes an appropriation f(jr the establishment of natiorial cemeteries and the purchase of sites for the same. Act of July 28, 1866 {IJ^ Stats., SW). AN ACT to increase and tix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 7. . . . and the President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint for each national cemetery now established, or that may be established, a superintendent, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of an ordnance sergeant, to ])e selected from among the noncouuuissioned officers of the Regular Army and volunteer forces who have received certificates of merit for services during the war. * * * Sec. 13. That the Quartermaster's Department of the Army shall hereafter consist of one Quartermaster-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; six assistant quartermasters- general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry; ten deputy quartermasters-general, with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry; fifteen quartermasters, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry, and forty-four assistant quartermasters, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of cap- tains of cavalry; and the vacancies herel)y created in the grade of assistant quartermaster shall be filled by selection from among the persons who have rendered meritorious services as assistant quarter- masters of volunteers during two years of the war; but after the first appointments made under the provisions of this section, as vacancies may occur in the grades of major and captain in this department, no appointments to fill the same shall be made until the number of majors shall 1)6 reduced to twelve and the number of captains to thirty, and thereafter the number of ofiicers in each of said grades shall continue to conform to said reduced numbers. Sec. 11:. That the number of military storekeepers in the Quarter- masters Department shall hereafter be as many as shall l)e required, not exceeding sixteen, who shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of infantry. Sec. 15. That the provisions of the act for the better organization of the Quartermaster's Department, approved July fourth, eighteen THE QUAETERMASTER's DEPARTMENT. 219 liuiuh't'd and sixty-four, shall continue in force until the first day of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and no longer. * * * Sec. 23. That the . . . quartermaster-general . . . shall hereafter be appointed by the selection from the corps to which they belong, and no person shall be appointed to any vacancy created by this act in the . . . quartermaster's departments until he shall liave passed the examination now required by law. * * * Jul}/ i^S, 1866 (14-343). — Transportation to be furnished to discharged soldiers to wlioni artitioial limbs are furnislied by the Government. Act of February '2'2, 1867 {11^ Stats., 399). AN ACT to establish and protect national cemeteries. That in the arrangements of the national cemeteries, established for the burial of deceased soldiers and sailors, the Secretary of War is hereby directed to have the same enclosed with a good and substantial stone or iron fence; and to cause each grave to be marked with a small headstone or block, witli the number of grave inscribed thereon, cor- responding with the number opposite to the name of the party, in a register of burials to be kept at each cemetery and at the office of the Quartermaster-General, which shall set forth the name, rank, com- pany, regiment, and date of death of the officer or soldier; or, if unknown, it shall be so recorded. Act ofMarcli 2, 1867 {U Stats., J^22). AN ACT to provitle for a temporary increase of the pay of officers in the Army of the United States and for other purposes. * * * Sec. T. That (excepting the ordnance storekeeper and paymaster at the Spriugtield Armory, who has the rank, pay, and allowances of a major of cavalry) all storekeepers of the Army shall hereafter have the rank, pay, and allowances of captains of cavalry. * * * March £.?, 1S67 [15-1) . — One complete suit of clothing to be issued to each invalid soldier in any of the Soldiers' Homes. By the act of January 23, 1873 (17-417), this benelit was extended so as to give a suit of clothes or its equivalent in clothing to each man who has been or was in a national asylum. M7. The Quartermaster-General may emplo}^ as many forage masters and wagon masters, not exceeding twenty in the whole, as he may deem necessary for the service, who shall be entitled to receive each fifty dollars per month and three rations per day and forage for one horse. No forage master or wagon master shall be concerned, directly or indirectly, in any means of transport cmplo3"ed by the United States, or in the purchase or sale of any property procured for or belonging to the United States, except as agent for the United States. Sec. 113S. No officer belonging to the Quartermaster's Department, or doing the duty of a (Quartermaster or assistant quartermaster, shall be concerned, directly or indirectly, in the purchase or sale of any arti- cle intended for or appertaining to said department of service, except on account of the United States; nor shall any such officer take or apply to his own use any gain or emolument for negotiating or trans- acting any business connected with the duties of his office other than that which may bo allowed by law. Sec. 1131). The Quartermaster-General, under the direction of the Seci'etary of War, shall prescribe and enforce a system of accounta- bility for all quartermaster's supplies to the Army or to officers, sea- men, and marines. And he shall account to the Secretary of War at least once in three months for all property and money that may pass through his hands or the hands of his subordinate officers. * * * Sec. 1191. All officers of the Quartermaster"'s . . . depart- ments, . . . and all storekeepers shall, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faith- fully to account for all public moneys and property which they may receive. The President may at any time increase the sum so pre- scribed. But the Quartermaster-General shall not be liable for any money or property that may come into the hands of the subordinate officers of his department. * * * Sec. 1193. The . . . Quartermaster-General, . . . shall be appointed by selection from the corps to which they l)ek)ng. Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in the . . . Quartermaster's . . . departments. * * * Sec. 1221. Every officer who receiv^es clothing or camp equipage for the use of his connuand or for issue to the troops shall render to the Quartermaster-General at the expiration of each regular quarter of THE QUAKTERMASTEE's DEPARTMENT. 225 the year quarterly returns of such supplies, according to the forms which may be prescribed, accompanied by the requisite vouchers for any issues which shall have been made. Said returns and vouchers, after due examination by the Quartermaster-General, shall be trans- mitted for settlement to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department. •X- * -X- Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any militar}^ stores which, upon proper inspection or survey, appear to be damaged or unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be made by officers designated by the Secretary of War, and the sales shall be made under regulations prescribed by him. -X- -X- * Sec. 1296. The President may prescribe the uniform of the Army and quality and kind of clothing which shall be issued annually to the troops of the United States. Sec. 1297. No allowance of clothing shall be made to sergeants of ordnance. Sec. 1298. The Secretary of War may . . . order gratuitous issues of clothing to soldiers who have had contagious diseases, and to hospital attendants who have nursed them, to replace any articles of their clothing destroyed by order. * * * Sec. 1137. Authorizes the President to detail, temporarily, three competent naval officers for the service of the War Department in the inspection of transport vessels, etc. •X- * * Sec. 1617. . . . Each ])rigade [of militia called into service] shall have . . . one assistant quartermaster, * ■x- * Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . . serviceshallbemadeby or under the direction of the chief officers of the Departments of War, . . . And all agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper Department for which such supplies or services are required, subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and i-evision of the officers of the Treasury, . . •X- * -X- Sec. 3716. The Quartermaster's Department of the Army, in obtain- ing supplies for the military service, shall state in all advertisements for bids for contracts that a preference shall be given to articles of American production and manufacture produced on the Pacific coast to the extent of the consumption required by the public service there. In advertising for army supplies the Quartermaster's Department shall require all articles which are to be used in the States and Territories of the Pacific coast to be delivered and inspected at points designated in those States and Territories; and the advertisements for such supplies shall be published in newspapers' of the cities of San Francisco, in California, and Portland, in Oregon. * * * Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States shall be made unless the same is authorized by law or is under an S. Doc. 229 15 226 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. appropriation adequate to its fullillmeut, except in the War . , . Departments, for clothing', . . . forag'e, fuel, quarters, or trans- portation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the cur- rent year. * * * Sec. 4T91. The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to fur- nish [to men entitled to artificial limbs] transportation to and from their homes and the place where the}" may be required to go to obtain arti- ficial limbs provided for them under authority of law. The transpor- tation allowed for having artificial limbs fitted shall be furnished by the Quartermaster-General of the Army, the cost of which shall be refunded from the appropriations for invalid pensions. * * * Sec. 4874. The superintendent of the national cemeteries shall be selected from meritorious and trustworthy soldiers, either counnis- sioned oflacers or enlisted men of the Volunteer or Regular Army, who have been honorably mustered out or discharged from the service of the United States, and who may have been disabled for active field service in the line of duty. Sec. 4875. The superintendent of the national cemeteries shall receive for their compensation from sixty dollars to seventy-five dol- lars a month each, according to the extent and importance of the ceme- teries to which they may be respectivel}- assigned, to be determined by the Secretary of War; and they shall also be furnished with quar- ters and fuel at the several cemeteries. ■X- * * Sec. 4877. In the arrangement of the national cemeteries established for the burial of deceased soldiers . . . the Secretary of War is hereb}^ directed to have the same inclosed with a good and subs-tantial stone or iron fence; and to cause each grave to be marked with a small headstone or block, which shall be of durable stone and of such design and weight as shall keep it in place when set, and shall bear the name of the soldier and the name of his State inscribed thereon, when the same are known, and also with the number of the grave inscribed thereon, corresponding with the luunl^er opposite to the name of the party in a register of burials to be kept at each cemetery and at the olfice of the Quartermaster-General, which shall set forth the name, rank, company, regiment, and date of death of the officer or soldier; or if these are unknown, it shall be so recorded. * * * Sec. 4879. The President is authorized to provide, out of the ordi- nar}^ annual appropriations for establishing and maintaining United States military cemeteries, for the proper care and presei'vation and maintenance of the cemetery or burial ground near the City of Mexico in which are interred the remains of officers and soldiers of the United States who fell in battle or died in and around said city. Sec. 4880. The cemetery in Mexico shall be subject to the rules and regulations affecting United States national military cemeteries within the limits of the United States, so far as they may, in the opinion of the President, be applicable thereto. THE quaetekmaster's depaetment. 227 STATUTES AT LARGE. Februarys, 1879 (^0-f,?i).— Authorizes erection of headstones over the graves of soldiers buried in private, village, or city cemeteries in same manner as provided for soldiers interred in national cemeteries. Act of March 3, 1881 {21 Stats., J/SS). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-two, and for other purposes. * * * For the purchase of a suitable site in the city of Washington for the erection of a brick and metal fireproof building to be used and occu- pied by the Pension Bureau, the building to be erected in accordance with plans approved b}' the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Interior, under the supervision of the Quartermaster-General of the United States Army,^ the site for which shall be selected by him, subject to the approval of the Secretaries aforesaid, both as to location and price, [All the old clothing now held for issue to the National Home to be turned over to the managers of the Home.] * * * March 11, 1882 [22-378). — Provides for transportation of rations, etc., to sufferers from overflow of the Mississippi River, Hospital tents may be used to furnish them temporary shelter. Act of June 30, 1882 {22 Stats., 117). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, and for other purposes. * * * Provided, That there shall be no discrimination in the issue of forage against officers serving east of the Mississippi River, provided they are required by law to be mounted and actually keep and own their animals. Act of March 3, 1883 {22 Stats., 4S6). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes. PAY DEPARTMENT. For pay of the Army, — . . . : Provided, . . . , and here- after vacancies occurring in the Quartermasters'' . . . depart- ments of -the Army may in the discretion of the President be tilled from civil life. ^ The act of August 7, 1882 (22-302) reappropriated the sum appropriated in this act, and placed the construction of the building under the supervision of Gen. Mont- gomery C. Meigs, late Quartermaster-General, retired. 228 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 3, 1883 {22 Stats., 564). AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home, located at Washington, in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home shall hereafter consist of the . . . Quartermaster- General, . . . * * * February 12, 1884 {23-S67). — Clothing and other necessaries maybe issued to desti- tute persons in the district overflowed by the Ohio River and its tributaries, and tents used to furnish them temporary shelter. Additional appropriation for this purpose was made by resolution of February 15, 1884 (23-268). March '£7, 1884 {23-269) .—^oi exceeding $125,000 of the appropriation for the Ohio sufferers may be used for the relief of destitute persons in the district overflowed by the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Resolution of June 7, 1884 (23-273) allows, the same purpose, the unexpended aii^jrupriation for the relief of the Ohio sufferers. Act of July o, 188 Jf. {23 Stats., 107). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hmidred and eighty-five, and for other jiurposes. QUARTERMASTKK S DEPARTMENT. . Pi'ODided, That hereafter all purchases of regular and mis- cellaneoits supplies for the Army furnished by the Quartermaster's Department . . . for inuuediate use shall be made by the officers of such Department, under direction of the Secretary of War, at the places nearest the points where they are needed, the conditions of cost and quality being eciual: Provided also. That all purchases of said supplies, except in cases of emergenc}^ which must be at once reported to the Secretary of War for his approyal, shall be made by contract after public notice of not less than ten days for small amoinits for immeciiate use, and of not less than from thirt}" to sixt}" days when- eyer, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, the circtmistances of the case and conditions of the seryice shall warrant such extension of time. The award in every case shall be made to tlie lowest responsibU> liidder for the ])est and most suitable article, the right being reserved to reject any and all bids. The Quartermaster-General . . . shall report promptly all purchases of supplies made by his Department, with their cost price and place of delivery, to the Secretary of War for transmission to Congress annually: ProvhJed further , That in time of peace the numljer of draught and pack animals in the Quartermas- ter's Department of the Army shall not exceed six thousand, and that all transportation of stores l)y priyate parties for the Army shall be done by contract, after due legal adyertisement, except in cases of emergency, which must be at once reported to the Secretary of War for his approval; that the Secretary of War is authorized to appoint, on the recommendation of the Quartermaster-General, as man}^ post quartermaster-sergeants, not to exceed eighty, as he may deem neces- sary for the interests of the service, said sergeants to be selected by examination from the most competent enlisted men of the Army THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. 229 who have served at least four years, and whose character and educa- tion shall fit them to take charge of public property and to act as clerks and assistants to post and other quartermasters. Said post quartermaster-sergeants shall, so far as practicable, perform the duties of storekeepers and clerks, in lieu of citizen employees. The post quartermaster-sergeants shall be subject to the rules and articles of war and shall receive for their services the same pay and allowances as ordnance sergeants. . . . Provided^ That the number of horses purchased under this appropriation, added to the number actually on hand, shall not at any time exceed the number of enlisted and Indian scouts in the mounted service: And jpromded further^ That hereafter all purchases of horses under appropriations for horses for the cavalry and artillery and for the Indian scouts shall be made by contract, after legal adver- tisement, by the Quartermaster's Department, under instructions of the Secretary of War, the horses to be inspected under the orders of the General Commanding the Army, and no horse shall be received and paid for until duly inspected. The Quartermaster-General shall report to the Secretary of War promptly, for transmission to Congress annually, all purchases and contracts for horses, mules, and military supplies for the Army made by his Department. * * * . . . Provided^ That no expenditure exceeding five hundred dollars shall be made upon any building or military post w^ithout the approval of the Secretary of War for the same upon detailed estimates of the Quartermaster's Department, and the erection, construction, and repairs of all buildings and other public structures in the Quarter- master's Department shall, so far as may be practicable, be made by contract, after due legal advertisement. . . * * * June 30, ISSS [24-93). — No part of appropriation for barracks and quarters shall l^e paid for comnuitation of fuel, and for quarters to officers or enlisted men. February 9, 1887 [24-394) . — No expenditures exceeding $500 to be made on any building, etc., without approval of the Secretary of War. June. 20, 1888 [25-623). — Tents and tent equipage maybe loaned to veteran organi- zations of the Society of the Army of the Potomac on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the battle of Gettysburg. [J. R. , June 30, 1888 (25-625) , changes ' ' tent equipage ' ' in above to "camp equipage."] Act of September 22, 1888 (25 Stats., 481). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen himdred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes. * * * . . . Provided, That hereafter no part of this appropriation shall be expended in the purchase for the Army of draught animals until the number on hand shall be reduced to five thousand, . . . * * * . . . but the cost of construction of quarters at any one post shall in no case exceed eight hundred dollars, except where a post is situated at a city of more than fifty thousand inhabitants, the cost of construc- tion of such quarters ma}^ be not to exceed twelve hundred dollars. * * * March 31, 1890 [26-33). — Authorizes jmrchase of 2,500 tents for the use of the peo- l)le in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi driven from their homes by floods. 230 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. June 13, 1890 {26-163) .—The artillery detachment at West Point to be mustered out and the men immediately reenlisted as army service men in the Quartermaster's Department. February 24, 1891 [26-770). — Transportation furnished by the Quartermaster's Department to officers traveling without troops shall be limited to transportation in kind, not including sleeping or parlor car accommodations, over free roads, over bond-aided Pacific railroads, and by conveyance belonging to that Department. July 16, 1892 {27-174)- — Sergeants of ordnance to receive the same allowance of clothing as other sergeants in like staff departments. July 27, 1892 {27-276) . — Specimens of equipments, uniforms, etc., used in battle of Gettysburg to be delivered to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. Post exchanges may use public buildings or public transportation when, in the opinion of the Quartermaster-General, not required for other purposes. Act of March 29, 189 If, {28 Stats., J^7). AN ACT to regulate the making of projierty returns by officers of the Government. That instead of f orwardincr to the accounting- officers of the Treasury Department returns of pulilic property intrusted to the possession of officers or agents, the Quartermaster-General . . . shall certify to the proper accoitnting officer of the Treasury Department, for debit- ing on the proper account, any charge against any officer or agent intrusted with public property, arising from any loss, accruing by his fault, to the Government as to the property intrusted to him. * * * July 26, 1894 {28-151). — Number of men in the detachment of army service men at the Military Academy may be raised to 150 if deemed by the Secretary of War to be required. Act of August 6, 1894- {28 Stats., 233). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. . . . Provided, That . . . hereafter all appointments to fill vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Quartermaster's . Department, respectively, shall be made from the next lowest grade in the line of the Army. * * * . . . Provided further, . . . That purchases may be made in open market in the manner common among business men when the aggregate amount required does not exceed two hundred dollars, but every such purchase shall be immediately reported to the Secretary of War. * * * January 16, 1895 {28-627). — Strength of detachment of army service men at the Military Academy, together with the cavalry detachment, not to exceed 215 men. March 2, 1895 {28-764). — Abolishes section 229, Revised Statutues, requiring annual statement of contracts for supplies or service. March 24, 1897 (,?0-^i6) .—Authorizes purchase of 1,000 tents for the relief of suf- ferers from the flood in the Mississippi River. May 27, 1897 {30-220). — Authorizes purchase of clothing for the relief of destitute citizens of the United States in Cuba. July 19, 1897 {30-224) • — One thousand tents to be issued for use of Grand Army encampment at Fort Leavenworth. THE QUARTEEM aster's DEPARTMENT. 231 December 18, 1897 {30-226) . — Transportation to be furnished for stores, etc., for the reUef of persons in the Yukon River Country. March 10, 1808 {30-737) . — Tents may be loaned for use of the thirty -second national encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic at Cincinnati. Aci of April 22, 1898 {30 Stat., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall consist of . . . one chief quartermaster, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel. . . . The staff of the com- mander of a division shall consist of . . . one chief quartermas- ter, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of major. . . , The staff' of the commander of a brigade shall consist of . . . one assistant quartermaster, . . . with the rank of captain. . . . * * * May 18, 1898 {30-417). — Prescribes mode of issuing quartermaster stores for desti- tute inhabitants of Cuba. June 7, 1808 {30-433). — Suspends, during existing war, certain provisions of law limiting number of horses and draft animals, etc. The act of March 3, 1899 (30-1350), limits suspension to March 1, 1900. Suspension continued to June 30, 1901, by act of February 24, 1900. (31 .) Act of July 1, 1898 {30 Stat., 571). AN ACT to authorize appointment of a military storekeeper in the Army. That the President is hereby authorized to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a military store- keeper in the Quartermaster's Department of the Army; and all laws inconsistent herewith are hereby suspended for the purpose of this act only. Act of July 7, 1898 {30 Stats., 71.'^). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the Quartermaster's Department of the Army. That during the existing war and for a period not exceeding one year thereafter the Secretary of War may make such distribution of the duties and labors of the Quartermaster's Department as may be deemed for the best interests of the service, and may assign a suitable officer in charge of each of such divisions, and may assign to duty as special inspectors of the Quartermaster's Department not exceeding four officers to be selected from the regular and volunteer officers of the department; and such officers and the quartermaster on the staff of the Commanding General of the Army while so acting shall have the rank next above that held by them and not above colonel. Sec. 2. That the President may nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, may appoint two quartermasters of volun- teers with the rank of colonelj two quartermasters of volunteers with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, three quartermasters of volunteers with the rank of major, and twenty assistant quartermasters of volunteers with the rank of captain, and the Secretary of AVar may assign an offi- cer of the Quartermaster's Department in charge of each principal 232 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. depot of the Quartermaster's Department, not exceeding twelve, to be selected from the regular and volunteer officers of the Quartermaster's Department; and such officers while so acting shall have the rank next above that held by them and not above colonel, and the four principal assistants of the Quartermaster-General while so acting shall have the rank of colonel. The Secretary of War may assign such of the said volunteer quartermasters as may be deemed necessary to duty in the office of the Quartermaster-General at the various supply depots or on other important and special work, and may continue such assign- ments for a period not exceeding one year after the close of the war, then to be discharged. Act ofJvly loyees. Suspension extended to June 30, I'JOl, by at't of February 24, 1900. (;>1 .) THE quartermaster's DEPARTMENT. 233 Act ofFehriumj 2, 1901 {31 Stats., — ). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States, . . . shall consist of ... a Quartermaster's Depart- ment: . . . Provided, That when a vacancy shall occur through death, retirement, or other separation from active service in the office of storekeeper, now provided for by law in the Quartermaster's Department . . . said office shall cease to exist. * * * Sec. 16. That the Quartermaster's Department shall consist of one Quartermaster-General with the rank of brigadier-general, six assist- ant quartermasters-general with the rank of colonel, nine deputy quartermasters-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, twenty quartermasters with the rank of major, sixty quartermasters with the rank of captain, mounted; the military storekeeper now provided for by law, and one hund,red and fifty post quartermaster-sergeants: Pro- vided, That all vacancies in the grade of colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major created or caused by this section shall be filledtby promo- tion according to seniority, as now prescribed by law. That to fill original vacancies in the grade of captain created by this act in the Quartermaster's Department the President is authorized to appoint oflicers of volunteers commissioned in the Quartermaster's Depart- ment since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight: Provided' further. That the President is authorized to continue in service, during the present emergency, for duty in the Philippine Islands and on transports, twenty-four captains and assistant quarter- masters of volunteers. This authority shall extend only for the period when their services shall be absolutely necessary. * * * Sec. 20. That the grade of veterinarian of the second class in cav- alry regiments, United States Army, is hereby al)olished, and here- after the two veterinarians authorized for each cavalry regiment and the one veterinarian authorized for each artillery regiment shall receive the pay and allowances of second lieutenants, mounted. Such number of veterinarians as the Secretary of War may authorize shall be em- ployed to attend animals pertaining to the quartermaster's or other departments not directly connected with the cavalry and artillery regi- ments, at a compensation not exceeding one hundred dollars per month. * * * Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma- nent appointments in the . . . Quartermaster's Department, . . . including those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of cap- tain and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seven- teen, twenty-one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing herein contaijicd shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur which can not be filled 1)V ]n"()inotion as provided in this section, it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more per- 234 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. manent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps after the original vacancies created by this act shall have been tilled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist, under such system of examination as the President may from time to time prescribe. All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the expira,tion of which time they shall return to duty with the line, and officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not again be eligible for selection in any staff department until they shall have served two years with the line. That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or depailment the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro- vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff corps or department and shall su])sequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provuled, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff" corps or depart- ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff' corps or department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff' for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the numljer authorized for duty in each staff* depart- nlent. Thereafter vacancies caused- by details from the line to the staff' shall be filled by officers retvirning from tours of staff' duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. Aet of March ^, 1901 {31 Stats., ). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the tigcal year end- ing June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. -X- % -x- Provided^ That appointments to fill original vacancies ... in the grade of captain in the Quartermaster's Department, . . . may be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty- first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. Vl.-THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 235 THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. The earliest legislation relative to the subsistence of the Army is found in the resolution of the CVjntinental Congress dated June 16, 1775, creating the office of Connrissary-General of Stores and Provi- sions. The range of duties of that office was so extensive that much dissatisfaction prevailed with respect to the administration of the all'airs of the department, and Congress, June 10, 1777, instituted a new system, creating two great l)ranches — one under a Commissary- General of Purchases and the other under a Commissary-General of Issues, the former, by resolution of June 11, "to keep his office in the place where Congress shall sit." The ordinance of June 17, 1777, regulating the Clothing Department, placed it in charge of a Clothier- General, and, April 10, 1782, this officer was directed to receive his instructions from the War Office, November 25, 1779, the two departments of purchase and issues, heretofore acting under the direction and control of a conmiittee of Congress, were placed imder the superintendence of the Board of War. July 10, 1781, Congress directed the Superintendent of Finance to procure on contract all necessary supplies for the Army, and under this resolution the commissariat S3"stem of subsisting the Army was discontinued and the methods of contracts for rations adopted in its stead. There was no further legislation on the subject of subsistence of the Army until after the reorganization of the Government under the Constitution. The act of March 8, 1792, again devolved upon the Treasury Depart- ment the duty of making all purchases and contracts for supplying the Army with provisions, etc., and by the act of February 23, 1795, the Treasury official charged with that duty was denominated "purveyor of public supplies." This act was repealed b}" the law of July 16, 1798, which required all purchases and contracts for supplies to be niad(^ imder the direction of the Secretary of War. The act of March 16, 1802, provided for three militar}^ agents and assistants, whose duty was to purchase, receiv^e, and forward to their proper destination all military supplies. But the military agency sys- tem proved to be unsatisfactor}" and was abolished by the act of March 28, 1812, which created anew the office of Commissary-General of Pur- chases. This office was abolished by act of August 23, 1842, and its duties transferred to the Quartermaster's Department. The act of April 14, 1818, first created the office of Commissary- General, the incumbent to be appointed as soon as the state of exist- ing contracts for the subsistence of the Army would permit. The new system did not, however, go into operation until June 1, 1819. 237 238 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. Commissary-General of Stores and Provisions. July 19, 1775. — Joseph Trumbull. Commissary- General of Purchases. June 18, 1777.— Joseph Trumbull. Aug. 5, 1777. — William Buchanan. Apr. 9, 1778. — Jeremiah Wadsworth. Dec. 2, 1779.— Ephraim Blaine. Commissary- General of Issues. June 18, 1777. — Charles Stewart. Clothier- General. Apr. 4, 1777. — James Mease. June 24, 1779.— Peter Wikoff. July 15, 1779. — Persifor Frazer. July 24, 1779.— James Wilkinson. Apr. 17, 1781.— John Moylan. Commissary oj Hides. June 20, 1777.— Peter Philips. Aug. 5, 1777. — George Ewing. Jan. 28, 1779.— John Mehelm (for New Jersey). Commissary of Purchases. Aug. 8, 1812. — Callender Irvine. Oct. 11, 1841.— J. W. Tyson. C 'ommissary- General. Apr. 18, 1818.— Col. (Bvt. Maj. Gen., May 30, 1848) George Gibson (Pennsylvania). Sept. 29, 1861.— Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., Feb. 9, 1863) Joseph P. Taylor (Kentucky). June 29, 1864.— Brig. Gen. (Bvt. Maj. Gen., Mar. 13, 1865) Amos B. Eaton (New Hampshire). June 23, 1874.— Brig. Gen. (Bvt. Maj. Gen., Mar. 13, 1865) Alexander E. Shiras (New Jersey). Apr. 14, 1875. — Brig. (Jen. Robert Macf eel y (Pennsylvania). July 10, 1890. — Brig. Gen. Beekman du Barry (District of Columbia). Dee. 22, 1892.— Brig. Gen. John P. Hawkins (Indiana). Oct. 8, 1894. — Brig. Gen. Michael R. Morgan (Louisiana). Jan. 17, 1897.— Brig. Gen. Thomas C. Sullivan (Ohio). Nov. 14, 1897.— Brig. Gen. William H. Bell (Pennsylvania). Jan. 28, 1898.— Brig. Gen. Samuel T. Cushing (Rhode Island). Apr. 21, 1898.— Brig. Gen. William H. Nash (Ohio). May 3, 1898. — Brig. (xen. Charles P. Eagan (Washinffton Territory). Dec. 6, 1900.— Brig. Gen. John F. Weston (Kentucky). THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. June i, 1775. Upon motion, Remlved, That it l)e recommended to the government of Connecticut, or the general of the forces of that colony, to appoint commissaries to receive at Albany and forward the supplies of provi- sions for the forces on Lake Champlain from the provincial conven- tion of New York, and that the said convention use their utmost endeavors in facilitating and aiding the transportation thereof from thence to where the said commissaries ma}^ direct. June 16^ 1776. Resolved, . . . That there be one Commissary-General of Stores and Provisions. That his pay be eighty dollars per month. July 17, 1775. Resolved, That a commissary of stores and provisions be appointed for the New York department during the present campaign. Walter Livingston, esq., chosen to that office. July 19, 1775. Resolved, That Joseph Trumbull be Commissary-General of Stores and Provisions for the Army of the United Colonies. July 29, 1775. Resolved, That the pa}^ of the . . . I^e . . . Deputy commissarj^-general of stores and provisions, sixty dollars per ditto [month]. * * * Resolved, That the . . . Commissary-General . . . and every of their [his] deputies shall take an oath truly and faithful!}^ to dischai'ge the duties of their respective stations. July 31, 1775. ' Resolved, That the above-named gentlemen [Messrs. Langdon, J. Adams, Hopkins, Deane, Clinton, Crane, Franklin, Podney, John- son, Henry, Hewes, Gadsden, and Hall] be a committee in the recess of the Congress to inquire into the cheapest and easiest methods of making salt in these colonies. July SI, 1775. — -Announces appointment l)y Congress of Joseph Trunihull as Com- missary-General to the Army of the United Colonies. [Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) 239 240 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. August 8, 1775. — "The following is the ration of provisions allowed by the Conti- nental Congress nnto each soldier, viz, 1 lb. of fresh beei or | of a lb. of pork or 1 lb. of salt fish per diem; one pound of bread or flour per diem; 3 pints of peas or beans per week or vegetables equivalent, at 5s. per bushel for peas or beans; 1 pint of milk per man per diem when to be had; one-half pint of rice or 1 pint of Indian meal per man per week ; 1 quart of spruce beer per man or 9 gallons of molasses for company of 100 men; 3 lbs. of candles to 100 men per week for guards, etc.; 24 lbs. of soft or 8 lbs of hard soap j)er 100 men per week. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cam- bridge. ) Septenther 11^^ 1775. Bemlved., . . . That the deputy commissary -general be directed to pay to Dr. Stringer for the medicines he has purchased for the use of the Army, and that he purchase and forward such other medicines as General Schuyler shall, by his warrant, direct for the use of said Army. September 21, 1775. — "The General has thought proper to order and direct that from the first day of July last there be issued by the Commissary-General the follow- ing proportion of rations, viz: To each major-general, 15 rations; to each brigadier- general, 12 rations; to each colonel, 6 rations; to each lieutenant-colonel, 5 rations; to each major, 4 rations; to each captain, 3 rations; to each su])altern, 2 rations, and to each staff officer, 2 rations. ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) Septemher 23^ 1775. Resolved., That a committee be appointed to purchase a quantity of woolen goods for the use of the Army to the amount of live thousand pounds sterling. That the said goods, when bought, be placed in the hands of the quartermasters-general of the Continental armies, and that the same be by them sold out to the private soldiers of said armies at prime cost and charges, including a connnission of live per centum to the said quartermasters-general for their trouble. That the committee consist of live. The ballot being taken and examined, the following members were chosen: Mr. Lewis, Mr. Alsop, Mr, Willing, Mr. Deane, and Mr. Langdon. October 3, 1775. Resolved., That the Commissary-General contract for such quantities of beef and pork as may be thought proper by the General, and have the same salted up in convenient houses near the camp, according to his scheme recommended by the General to the consideration of the Congress. Octoher ZJ, 1775. Resolved^ That a letter be sent to General Washington to inform him that Congress, having received certain intelligence of the sailing of two north-country built brigs of no force from England on the 11th of August last, loaded with . . . stores for Quebec, without con- vo}^, which it being of importance to intercept, desire that he apply to the council of Massachusetts Bay for the two armed vessels in their service and despatch the same, with a sufficient luunber of people, stores, etc., particularly' a number of oars, in order, if possible, to intercept the said two brigs and their cargoes and secure the same for THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 241 the use of the continent; also any other transports laden with , . . clothing and other stores, for the use of the ministerial army or navy in America, and secure them in the most convenient places for the pur- pose above mentioned. . . . Novemher ^, 1775. Resolved, That 3,000 felt hats, 3,000 worsted caps, 3,000 pair of buckskin breeches, 3,000 pair of shoes, 3,000 pair of yarn stockings, and 3,000 waistcoats, suitable for the season, be immediately purchased and sent to the army under the command of General Schuyler, to be sold to the soldiers at prime cost, including charges of carriage and five per cent to the deputy quartermaster-general, by whom the said goods are to be sold. * * * Resolved, That as nuich duffels or kersey as will make three hun- dree watch coats be purchased and sent to General Schuyler, with needles and thread, to be made into watch coats, and that these be charged to the continent and kept for the use of the out centries. Remlved, That a committee of three be appointed to purchase the foregoing articles. The members chosen, Mr, Alsop, Mr. Lewis, and Mr. Sherman. November S, 1775. — The resolve of this date and those of September 23 and October 23, 1776, relating to clothing belong properly under this head, but Congress, in these three instances, devolved the duty on the Quartermaster-General. Novevd)er ^, 1775. Resolved, That a ration consist of the following kind and quantity of provisions: 1 lb. beef, or f lb. pork, or 1 lb. salt fish per da3^ 1 lb. bread or flour per day. 3 pints of pease or beans per week, or vegetables equivalent, at one dollar per bushel for pease or beans. 1 pint of milk per man, or at the rate of ^V of ^ dollar. 1 half pint of rice, or 1 pint of Indian meal per man per week. 1 quart of spruce beer or cider per man per day, or nine gallons of molasses per compan}^ of 100 men per week. 3 lb. candles to 100 men per week for guards. 24 lb. soft or 8 lb. hard soap for 100 men per week. * * * Resolved, That clothing be provided for the new army by the conti- nent, and paid for by stoppages out of the soldiers' wages, at If dol- lars per month; that as much as possible of the cloth for this piirpose be dyed brown, and the distinctions of the regiments made in the facings. That a man who brings a good new blanket into the camp be allowed two dollars therefor, and take it away at the end of the campaign. Resolved, That in order to supply the Army with provisions, the Commissary-General be directed to cause cattle and hogs to be driven, at proper seasons, to the camp, there to be slaughtered and cured, and as to the articles of bread and fiour, that he proceed in the way that he has done for some time past. S. Doc. 229 lt> '242 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. November S, 1775. — "If, upon such a conference [Avith General Schuyler] it shall be judged necessary, you are authorized to direct Mr. Livingston, the deputy com- missary-general, to furnish the necessary provisions for an army of three thousand men for six months." {Letter of committee to Messrs. R. R. Livingston, Robert Treat Paine, and J. Langdon, who had been directed to consult with General Schuyler relative to number of forces necessary in the Northern Department and Canada.) Novemher IS, 1775. — "The Commissary-General to order all the horns of the bul- locks that are killed for the use of the Army to be saved and sent to the Q. M. Gen- eral, who is also to provide as many as he can get, and have the whole made into good powderhorns for the use of the troops." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cam- bridge.) December 8, 1775. Hesolved^ That Mr. Thomas Lowry be appointed to suppl}' the bat- talions raised in New Jersey with the rations and other necessaries allowed them (g^Vo of a dollar per ration). December 24-, 1775. — "By order of His Excellency General Washington, a board of general officers sat yesterday in Cambiidge and unanimously recommended the fol- lowing rations to be delivered in the manner hereby directed, viz, corned beef and pork, four days in a week; salt tish, one day; and fresh beef, two days. As milk can not be procured during the winter season, the men are to have one pound and a half of beef or eighteen ounces of pork per day; half pint of rice or a pint of Indian meal per week; one quart of spruce beer per day, or nine gallons of molasses to one hundred men per week; six pounds of candles to one hundred men per week, for guards; six ounces of butter or nine ounces of hog's lard per week; three pints of pease or l)eans per man per week, or vegetables equivalent, allowing six shillings per bushel for beans or pease, two and eight pence per bushel for onions, one and four pence per bushel for potatoes and turnips; one pound of flour per man each day; hard bread to be dealt out one day in a week in lieu of flour. The above allowance is ordered to be issued ])y the Commissary-General to all the troops of the United Colonies serving in the department, until the honorable the Continental Congress or the Commander in Chief thinks proper to alter it." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) December 26, 1775. — Numerous complaints by officers having been made, November 14, 1775, against Commissary-General Trumbull, "first, for ni>t delivering out the back allowance of pease or the value thereof in money to the officers and men; sec- ond, for taking in onions at 2s. (id. and delivering them at 4s.; third, for taking in potatoes at Is. 4d. and delivering them out at 2s.," a court-martial was ordered to sit December 25, 1775. "The court, on mature consideration, beg leave to report to his excellency that the first articles of the charge is groundless, that the second and third articles are confessed l)y the Commissary-General, and, though t e court are fully satisfied there was not the least design of fraud in Mr. Trumbull, they are unanimously of opinion that the measure was pernicious and injudicious." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) December 29, 1775. — "The Commissary-General having estimated the value of the different species of provisions which constitute a ration under the continental allow- ance, and finding it to amount to seven pence half penny lawful money, the General, having seen the said estimate, approves of it and orders that they be settled with accordingly." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) January 3, 1776. Itesolved, That the following goods and stores ought to be imported as soon as possible, for the use of the United Colonies, viz: 60,000 striped blankets. 120,000 yards of 6-4 cloths, brown and blue, from 3s. to 6s. ster. 10,000 yards of do. different colors, for facings, at 4s. 3,000 pieces of duffils, or some such cloth. 100 M sorted needles. 50 M do. none fine. 10 M do. for sailcloth. 3,000 pieces of raven's duck. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 243 3,000 pieces ticklenburgs. 1,500 pieces oznaburgs. 1,000 pieces of vitrey. 4,000 pieces Hamburg dowlas. * * * Resolved., That the secret committee be empowered and directed to pursue the most effectual measures for importing- the foregoing articles. January 10, 1776. — Rations were allowed as follows: Colonel, 6; lieutenant-colonel, 5; major, 4; captain, 3. [While this resolve referred directly to line officers, it is assumed that it governed similar allowances to staff officers.] Ja7iuary 25^ 1776. Resolved, That Mr. James Mease be appointed a commissary to supply the battalions ordered to be raised in Pennsylvania with the articles allowed by Congress; and that he be allowed for his trouble one and one-fourth per cent in full of all charges for the money passing through his hands, and that he give security for the just and faithful expenditure of the same. That Mr. Lynch and Mr. Allen take the security. Fehvmwy 17, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the appointment of John Halsted, esq. , to be commissary for the army before Quebec, be confirmed. 2rarch 29, 1776. Resolved, That a deputy commissary-general of stores and provisions be appointed for the arm}" of the United Colonies in Canada. The ballots being taken and examined, Mr. J. Price was elected. A2)rU 17, 1776. Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered to import car- goes of salt on the Continental account, in such ships or vessels as they employ to carry outward cargoes, and are obliged to insure on their return. April 19, 1776. Resolved, That an immediate supply of . . . shoes and blankets be furnished for the troops in Virginia, and that proper persons be appointed to procure them, subject to the orders of Congress already entered into. Resolved, That Mr, Ephraim Blaine be appointed to purchase a quantity of blankets not exceeding 5,000, and also that he be directed to purchase 5,000 pairs of shoes to be sent to Virginia, to the com- manding officer at Williamsburgh. Aj)rU 27, 1776. Congress also proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary- general for supplying the troops in Virginia with rations; and the bal- lots being taken and examined, William Aylett, esq., was elected. 244 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Ma/y H, 1776. Resolved, That there be allowed to the several persons undermen- tioned, employed in the Commissarv-General's Department, in the Continental Army, the wages and rations annexed to their names, respectiveh% during- the time they have been and shall continue in the service of the United Colonies. IN THE ISSUING STORE AT CAMBRIDGE. Charles Miller, issuing storekeeper, 50 dollars per month and tt rations. Peter Roe Dalton, first clerk, 4s. 8, lawful money, a day and 3 rations. Ebenezer Perry and Thomas Durant, clerks in store, 3s. 4, do. , and 2 rations. William Brown and Josiah Brown, clerks at scales, 3s. 4, do. , and 2 rations. Robert Davis, clerk of weekly allowances, 3s. 4, do., and 2 rations. Eight laborers, one cooper, and one cook, each 2s. 8, lawful money, a day and 1 ration. Employed to issue to two brigades. IN THE STORE AT ROXBURY. Aaron Blaney, issuing storekeeper, 50 dollars per month and 4 rations. James Richardson, first clerk, 4s. 8, lawful money, a da}^ and 8 rations. Two clerks in store and two at scales, each 3s. 4, do., and 2 rations. Six laborers, one cooper, and one cook, each 2s. 8, do. , and 1 ration. Employed to issue to two brigades. ON PROSPECT HILL. Peter Philips, issuing storekeeper, 40 dollars a month and 4 rations. Griffin Green, first ckn-k, 4s. 8, lawful money, a day and 3 rations. One clerk in store and one at scales, each 3s. 4, lawful money, a day and 2 rations. One cooper and four laborers, each 2s. 8, do., and 1 ration. Employed to issue to one brigade. AT MEDFORU. Moses Emerson, issuing storekeeper, 40 dollars a month and 4 rations. Israel Mead, first clerk, 4s. 8, lawful money, a day and 3 rations. One clerk in store and one at scales, 3s. 4, do., and 2 rations. One cooper and four laborers, each 2s. 8, do., and 1 ration. Emplo3'ed to issue to one brigade. IN THE MAGAZINE AT CAMBRIDGE. Samuel Gray, Reuben Stiles, and Daniel Brown, clerks and maga- zine keepei's, 4s. 8, hnvful money, a day and 3 rations. One cooper, 2s. 8, lawful money, a day and 1 ration. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 245 IN THE MAGAZINE AT ROXBURY. Jabez Porter and James Jauncey Pendleton, clerks and magazine keepers, 4s. 8, lawful money, a day and 8 rations. One cooper, 2s. 8, do., and 1 ration. Joseph Farnsworth, connnissary to Colonel Arnold's detachment, returned from Fort Halifax, £10, lawful money, a month and 3 rations per day. Joseph Thomas, employed constantly in riding to collect stores, procure teams, etc., himself and horse, 8s., lawful money, a day and 3 rations. William Herkins and Elisha Avery, principal bookkeepers and pa3'ers of small bills, =€10, lawful money, a month and 3 rations per day. ResoUed^ That an addition of 40 dollars a month be made to the pay of the Conmiissary-General. June J, 1776. Resolmed^ That the Commandm- in Chief be authorized to form and fix such magazines of provisions . . . as he may judge necessary. June J, 1776. Resolved^ That the deput}^ commissaries-general, . . . make regular returns and reports to Congress and to the respective officers to whom they are deputies at least once a month, and that the princi- pals also make returns to Congress at the same periods. Ju7ie 13. 1776. Resolved., That the secret committee be directed to stop the exporta- tion of au}^ salted provisions which they may have ordered to be made from New York. Ju7ie 19, 1776. Resolved., That it be recommended to the assemblies and conventions of the Unitbd Colonies forthwith to cause a suit of clothes — of which the waistcoat and breeches may be made of deer leather (if to be had on reasonable terms), a blanket, felt hat, two shirts, two pairs of hose, and two pairs of shoes — to be manufactured, or otherwise procured at reasonable rates, in their respective colonies, for each soldier of the American Army enlisted therein for the present campaign, and that the same be baled, invoiced, and stored in suitable places, to be deliv- ered to the order of Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the American Arm}-. July 6, 1776. Resolved, That Carpenter Wharton be appointed commissary, to supply with rations the militia who are inuiiediately to march from Pennsylvania toNew Jersey, until the Commissary-General shall order otherwise. 246 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. July 8, 1776. Resolved., . . . That the Commissary-General have full power to supply both armies — that upon the lakes as well as that in New York — and also to appoint and employ such persons under him, and to remove any deputy commissary, as he shall judge proper and expedient, it being absolutely necessary that the supply of both armies should be under one direction. M/ 31, 1776. Resolved^ . . . That the delegates of that State [North Carolina] employ some proper person, as a commissary, to purchase in this city, or the neighborhood thereof, clothing for the troops raised in that State for the Continental service. August 2, 1776. Resolved., . . . That the Commissary-General and deputy com- missaries in the several departments be directed to transmit to Con- gress weekly an account of the sums of money they may respectively receive from the paymasters. * * * That the Commissary - General, . . . deputy commissaries, . be directed to make monthly returns, at least, of the stores under their direction, and the distribution of them. Atigust 28, 1776. Resolved, That 600 pounds of gunpowder be delivered to the said Mease and Caldwell for the purpose of procuring deerskins to make breeches for the soldiery in the service of the United States; they to be accountable. That the secret committee be directed to fall upon proper ways and means of procuring a further supply of deerskins, for the like purpose, from Georgia and South Carolina. August 29, 1776. That George Measam, esq., be continued in the office of superin- tendent commissary of stores, except artillery stores, for the northern army, with the pay of 33i dollars per month. September 14, 1776. — Deputy Commissary Armstrong accepted his appointment. Septemler 23, 1776. Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to devise ways and mens for providing clothing . . . for the Arm3\ The members chosen, Mr. R. H. Lee, Mr. Wythe, and Mr. R. Morris. Sejptemher 21/., 1776. Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to devise ways and means for effectually providing the northern army with provisions. The members chosen, Mr. Eush, Mr. Hall, Mr. Chase, Mr. Johnson, and Mr. Stockton. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 1247 Septemher 25^ 17 70. Resolved.^ . . . That a committee of Congress, consisting of one delegate from each State, be appointed, with authority to employ proper persons to purchase, in their respective States, a sufficient num- ber of blankets and woolens lit for soldiers' clothes, and that they take the most effectual and speedy methods for getting such woolens made up and distributed among the regular Continental Army in such pro- portions as will best promote the public service, and that they also pur- chase all other necessary clothing for the soldiers in such proportion as they judge, upon the best information, will be wanted. That Mr. J. Mease . ... use the utmost diligence in buying, collecting, and getting made immediately as many more of those arti- cles [white shirts, shoes, and stockings] as possible, making weekly returns to Congress of what he obtains. * * -X- Resolved^ That the commissaries ... in the several depart- ments be directed to apply to Mr. Mease for such articles of clothing, camp equipage, and other utensils which they may want to purchase in the State of Pennsylvania for the use of the Army. Congress then proceeded to the appointment of the committee, when the following gentlemen were chosen, viz: Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Paine, Mr. Ellery, Mr. Williams, Mr. Floyd, Mr. Stockton, Mr. Ross, Mr. McKean, Mr. Paca, Mr. Wythe, Mr. Hewes, Mr. Middletou, and Mr. Hall. Octoher 8, 1776. Resolved., That for the further encouragement of the noncommis- sioned officers and soldiers who shall engage in the service during the war a suit of clothes be annually given each of the said officers and soldiers, to consist, for the present year, of two linen hunting shirts, two pairs of overalls, a leathern or woolen waistcoat with sleeves, one pair of breeches, a hat or leathern hat, two shirts, two pairs of hose, and two pairs of shoes, amounting, in the whole, to the value of twenty dollars. ... October 5, 1776. Resolved., . . . That a commissary of clothing be appointed for (nich of the armies of the United States, whose dut}^ shall be to make constant returns to the assemblies or conventions of the respective States of the clothing wanted for their several regiments, to receive and pay for the same, to deliver it to the paymasters of the respective regiments. ... That the Commissary-General be empowered to appoint as many conductors for the commissary of stores and assistants to the commis- sary of clothing as he shall, from time to time, judge necessary, and report their names to Congress. That there be a deputy commissary of stores for the Army at New York, with the pay of thirty dollars a month. Octoler 10, 1770. Resolved, That three members be added to the committee of cloth- ing, in the room of those who are absent. The members chosen, Mr. Witherspoon, Mr. Stone, and Mr. Penn. 248 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Octoher 11, 1776. Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to appoint a deputy commissary of stores for the army near New York. October!' 16, 1776. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of clothing for the northern army; and, the ballots being taken, George Measam was elected. Resolved, That George Measam be allowed the pay and rations of a major in the Continental service. * * * Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to appoint a commissary of clothing for the Army under his immediate com- mand. . Octoher- 17, 1776. Resolved, That a commissary be appointed to supply the battalion commanded by Colonel Mackay with provisions. The ballots being taken, Ephraim Blaine, esq,, was elected. Octoher n, 1776. Resolved, That the deputy commissar3'^-general in Virginia be directed to make contracts for the supply of the troops in that depart- ment, provided they can be made at a rate not exceeding eight pence, Virginia currency, a ration, the contractors to have the use of the public wagons on any motion or march of the Army from the place or places where stationed. That the commander in chief of each department be empowered, at the instance of the Conunissary-General or his deputies, to employ as many persons under him or them at such salary or wages as he shall think adequate and as he may think the service from time to time requires. * Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled, be as follows, and that the deputy commissary of Virginia be informed thereof: To the depute commissary-general, 6 rations; . . . that the deputy commissary-general of Virginia be allowed his reasonable travelling charges. . . . Octoher m, 1776. The secret committee reported that the cargo lately arrived at Ports- mouth in the brig Manpiis of Kildare, Captain Palmer, consists of the following articles, viz: ... 4 to 500 jackets, 100 knapsacks, 100 le^gins, ... 2 bales of woolens, 1 bale of linens, . . . Whereupon, Resolved, That . . . 100 knapsacks, 100 leggins, ... be sent to the Northern Army, under General Schuyler and General Gates. That the jackets, if fit for soldiers, be sent to the Northern Army. . . . THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 249 That the two bales of woolens be made up into soldiers' clothes for the Northern Army. That the bale of linens, if fit for soldiers' shirts or other purposes for the Army, be made up and sent to the Northern Army. . . . Novemher .^, 1776. Besolvfid, That clothing be provided for the new Army by the Con- tinent and paid for by stoppag-es out of the soldier's wages at If dol- lars per month; that as nuich as possible of the cloth for this purpose be d3^ed brown and the distinctions of the regiments made in the facings. That a man who brings a good new blanket into the camp be allowed two dollars therefor, and take it away at the end of the campaign. Mt'solved., That in order to supply the Army with provisions the Commissary-General be directed to cause cattle and hogs to be driven, at proper seasons, to the camp, these to be slaughtered and cured, and as to the articles of bread and flour that he proceed in the way that he has done for some time past. Noveyifiber 19^ 1776. Resolved.^ That the Commissary-General or his deputies make weekly returns of all rations issued or paid to the officers and privates of any regiment, troop, or company in the service of the States to the Adjutant- General or his deputies, to be by him inserted in the general returns of the Army and transmitted to Congress monthly. Novemher 22, 1776. Resolved, That the commissaries in each department be directed to employ proper persons to take immediate charge of the hides and tal- low in their respective districts, that the former may be tanned into leather or, at least, so far cured as to prevent their being spoiled, and the latter rendered into kegs or casks, that there be no waste of those valuable articles, but that they may be stored for the use of the con- tinent and be subject to the orders of Congress, and that said commis- saries be strongly urged to pay due attention to this resolve, it being a matter of considerable importance. Novemher 22, 1776. — Messrs. Paca, of Maryland; Ross, of Pennsylvania, and Wither- spoon, of New Jersey, were constituted a committee to repair to General Washington's headquarters to confer with and assist him in improving the present state of the Army, which, owing to past and future disbandments, may be met by a largely superior force. Novemher 26, 1776. Resolved, That Mr. Mease, the Continental commissar}^ in the city of Philadelphia, be directed to go to the several shops and stores in the said city and purchase for the use of the Army of the United States such articles as are necessary for them at this and the approaching season of the year, and that he be empowered to employ as many per- sons as he shall judge necessary to assist him in this service. That the council of safety of Pennsylvania be requested, with all possible expedition, to cause application to be made to the housekeepers and others iu the said State for as many blankets and woolen stockings 250 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. as each can spare for the use of the soldiers under the immediate com- mand of General Washington in New Jersey, and that they be deliv- ered as fast as collected to Mr, Mease, the Continental commissary. That it be recommended to the said council of safety to appoint per- sons to appraise the blankets and woolen stockings so collected, as aforesaid, that the value of them may be paid. Novemler 27, 1776. A letter from Mr. Ross, Mr. Paca, and Mr. Witherspoon was read, informing that they have been appointed an assistant . . . com- missary, to provide for a number of sick and take care of stores sent to Princeton. Ordered^ That the President inform them that Congress approves of the appointments. Novend)er 28, 1776. Resoh^ed, That the Commissary-General be empowered to import such quantities of rice from the Southern States as he shall think necessary for the use of the Army. November 29, 1776. — -Congress ordered that a garden be kept on the grounds of hospitals on Mount Independence to supply vegetables for the Army. Decendu'v 7, 1776. Resolved. That the secret committee be directed to appoint one or more trusty person to proceed to the Eastern States, . . . and that the said person or persons have power to purchase, or cause to be purchased, such necessary clothing as can be procured in those States, . * * * Resolved, . . . That Mr. J. Mease be directed to purchase all the hats and caps he can procure proper for soldiers, and to employ as great a number of taylors as possible in making up clothes for soldiers. December 12, 1776. — Owing to the approach of the enemy, Congress ordered that the clothing in and near Philadelphia be put under control of General Putnam, who was charged Avith the defense of the city. Decemher "21, 1776. Resolved, That proper magazines of provisions for the Army be immediately formed in or near Philadelphia. . . . Decemher 24, 1776. — The magazines provided for by resolve of December 21 were to be magazines of provisions. The report, if any was made vmder this resolve, does not appear to be of record. Decemher 26, 1776. Resoliwl, That J. Trum])ull, esq., be empowered to import, at the Continental risk, from Virginia and Maryland and the other Southern States, such quantities of flour and other provisions as he may judge necessary for the support of the Army. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 251 December 27, 1776. Besolved.^ . . . That General Washington be empowered to appoint ... a clothier-general for supplying the Army, to fix their salaries, and return their names to Congress. Becemher 28, 1776. Remlved, That in the opinion of (Congress the Northern Army may be supplied more advantageously and conveniently in the present mode of the Commissary-General's governing himself by such regulations as have been and may be from time to tune ordained by the General or Commander in Chief than by contractors. December 30, 1776. Resolved, That a letter be written to General Washington desiring him to order the clothier-general to send agents into each State to buy up linens and other clothing proper for the soldiery; . . . and that they be severally directed to apply to the States to afford all necessary assistance therein. December 30, 1776. — It appearing extremely difficult, if not impracticable, to sup- ply the Army with bacon, salt beef, pork, soap, tallow, and candles. Congress resolved: "That none of the said articles, except such as may be necessary for the crew of any ship or vessel, be exported from any of the United States after the 5th of January, 1777, until the first day of November next, or until Congress shall take further action therein." December 31, 7776.— ^Congress desired General Washington to order the clothier- general to send agents into each State to buy up linen and other clothing proper for soldiery. January 8, 1777. Resolved, . . . That Colonel Morgan appoint a proper person deput}^ commissary for providing and taking care of the provisions for the garrisons upon the western frontiers of Virginia and to take care of the provisions and other Continental stores laid up at those places, for Indian expeditions and other public purposes. January 30, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the salary of Mr. Commissary Aylett . . . be augmented to the sum of 75 dollars per month. . . . February o, 1777. Resolved, That William Aylett, esq., deputy commissary -general, be directed forthwith to purchase, witli as nuich secrecy as possible, and lay up in proper magazines, convenient to water carriage, under the care and management of trusty storekeepers, a quantity of good mer- chantable Indian corn, not exceeding 10,000 barrels. * * . * Resolved, That the commissioners at the Court of France be directed to use their utmost endeavors to send, without delay, 80,000 blankets, 40,000 complete suits of clothes for soldiers, of green, blue, and brown 252 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. colors, with suitable facings and cloth of the same colors, with trim- minofs sufficient for 40,000 suits more, 100,000 pairs of stockings fit for soldiers, ... to such parts of the United States as the secret committee shall direct; . February m, 1777. Resolved^ That General Schuyler be empowered to make the most advantageous use of the salt springs mentioned in his letter of the 23d of January last; to employ proper persons, skilled in making salt, and to purchase boilers and other things necessary for the purpose. March 12, 1777. Resolved., That it be recommended to the legislatures, or, in their recess, to the executive powers of each of the United States, to cause assessments of blankets to be made, in order to furnish their several quotas of soldiers with an article so necessary to defend them from the inclemency of the weather and damp air in their encampments, and that all blankets to be obtained in this manner be valued to a just and reasonable price, and paid for by the States, respectively, to be repaid by the United States, and that the legislatures, or, in their recess, the executive power, do cause money to be put into the hands of a proper officer in every county, district, or township in order that such l)lankets may be paid for, without delay or trouble, to the householders on whom the assessments shall be made. March 31, 1777. Congress having received advice that the ship Mercury, of Nantz, is arrived at Portsmouth, in New Hampshire, with a cargo for the United States, consisting of ... 48 bales of woolens, 9 bales of hand- kerchiefs, thread, cottons, and printed linens, 2 cases of shoes, 1 box of buttons and buckles, 1 box of lawns, and one case of needles and silk neckcloths, * * * Ordered, That the secret committee deliver . . . the remainder of the cargo [as above] to the clothier- general or his order. April 1, 1777. Resolved, That Ephraim Blaine, esq. , be appointed commissary for supplying with provisions the troops now in the coinity of Cum'oer- land, in Pennsylvania, and such as may hereafter march through that county, as well as the artificers and troops who shall be employed in the magazine and laboratory to be erected at Carlisle. April .^, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the issuing commissaries be obliged to deliver monthly to the Commissary-General of Musters an abstract of the rations drawn or retained ])y the several regiments. April 4, 1777. — General Washington, agreeably to the powers vested in him, lately- appointed James Mease clothier-general for the American Army. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT, 253 April 18, 1777. Remlved, That a member ]»e added to the Committee on the Commis- sary's Department. . . . Tlie member chosen, Mr. Roberdeau. * * * Resolved., That a committee of iive be appointed to devise ways and means of supplying the Army with fresh beef on the most reasonable terms. The members chosen, Mr. Burke, Mr. Sherman, Mr. L. Morris, Mr. E. H. Lee, and Mr. Rumsey. April 18, 1777. — John Armstrong, who was appointed brigadier-general March 1, 1776, resigned April 4, 1777, and, in the absence of a regnlar inspector, was requested by Congress to inspect the magazines of provisions under the care of Commissary Wharton, authorizing him to call on the commissaries for all necessary information, and, if he found the magazines in a perishing or neglected state, to take proper steps for their regulation. Commissary "Wharton and his deputies were ordered to pay due obedience to his directions. April 19, 1777. Resolved, That three members be added to the said committee [on the commissary's department]. The members chosen, Mr. Duane, Mr. W. Smith, and Mr. Gerry. April 21, 1777. Resolved, That James Mease, clothier-general, be directed to deliver to General Mifflin, Quartermaster-General, or his order, all the cloth in his possession lit for tents. AjMl m, 1777. Resolved, That the Committee on the Commissary's Department and the committee appointed to devise means for supplying the Arm}' with fresh beef be consolidated, and that Mr. Trumbull be directed to con- fer with the said committee. May 3, 1777. Resolved, That Christopher Ludwlg be appointed superintendent of bakers and director of baking in the Grand Army of the United States; that he have power to license, with the approbation of the Commander in Chief or officer commanding at any principal post, all persons to be employed in this business, and to regulate their pay, making proper report of his proceedings, and using his best endeavors to rectify all abuses in the article of Toread. That no person be permitted to exercise the trade of baker in the said Army without such license; and that he receive for his services herein an allowance of 75 dollars a month and two rations a da,j. Hay 8, 1777. Ordered, . . . That the said [secret] committee furnish the clothier-general with copies of the invoices of all clothing and articles that relate to his department [recentl}^ imported from France], that he ma}" give the proper orders relative thereto. 254 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May U, 1777. Resolved, . . . The Commander in Chief and the commander in any separate department .shall be authorized to alloAv such quantities of forage and for and during such times as the}' shall think proper, to the . . . CommissarA'-General and his deputies . . . Pro- vided, always, That if any of the officers alcove mentioned, their depu- ties, or assistants should be allowed forage in consequence of any general orders hereafter given, and should nevertheless not keep any or so many horses as they would be permitted to draw forage for, in such case no forage shall be issued for more horses than they really have, nor shall they at an}^ time thereafter be allowed an}^ forage as back allowance or any money in lieu thereof. Mail SO, 1777. — "The Commissary-General is to adopt every means in his power to provide vinegar for the use of the Army." {Orders, General Headquarters, Mld- dlcbrook. ) dime o^ 1/ i / . JResolved, That a committee of three be appointed to devise ways and means for supplying the United States with salt. The members chosen, Mr. J. B. Smith, Mr. Marchant, and Mr. Frost. * * * Resolved^ That a committee of three be appointed to devise ways and means for supplying the Army with shoes, hats, and shirts. The members chosen, Mr. Sherman, Mr. Clark, and Mr. J. B. Smith. June /, In /. Resolved., That the clothier-general furnish each noncommissioned officer and soldier enlisted in the Army of the United States, to serve three years or during the war, with the articles of clothing' enumerated by a resolution of Congress of the 8th Octol)er last, or other clothing of equal value, notwithstanding the same cost more than 20 dollars. June 10, 1777. Resolved., 1. That for supplying the Army of the United States with provisions,, one Commissarj'^-General and four deputy commissaries- general of purchases, and one commissary -general and three deputy commissaries-general of issues, be appointed by Congress. II. That each of the said commissaries and deputy commissaries be authorized to appoint for himself one clerk. III. That the deputy commissaries-general have authority to appoint as many assistant commissaries to act under them as may from time to time be necessary, and the same to displace at pleasure, making returns thereof to the conmiissaries-general, respectively, who shall have full power to limit their numbers, to displace such as they shall think disquali- fied for the trust, and direct their respective deputy commissaries-gen- eral to appoint others in their stead; that special care be taken by the officers empowered as aforesaid to appoint none but persons of prob- ity, capacity, vigilance, and attachment to the United States, and the cause they are engaged in, and to make returns to the Board of War, the Commander in Chief, aud the commander of the respective depart- THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 255 ments, of the assistant commissaries by them respectively appointed, their several places of alKxle, the time of their appointment and dis- mission, and the post, place, magazine, or district to which they are se\'erally assigned; and that the deputy commissaries-general of pur- chases and issues in the same district make similar returns to each other. IV. That the commissary-general of purchases shall superintend the deputy connuissaries-general of purchases, and assign to each a separate district, who shall constantly reside therein, and not make any pur- chases ])eyond the limits thereof; and every purchaser employed therein shall also have a certain district assigned to him by the respective deputy commissary -general, in which he shall reside, and beyond the limits of which ho shall not be permitted to make any purchases, unless by special order of his superior, directing the quantity and quality of provisions so to be purchased beyond his limits, and informing such ])urchaser of the prices given by the stationed purchaser in the district to which he may be sent. V. That the commissary-general of purchases shall direct the deputy commissaries-general in their respective districts to inform themselves and assistant, as nearly as may be, of the prices for which the articles which they are to procure may be purchased, and that neither they nor any of the said assistants employed under their direction exceed such prices; and if any deputy commissary-general of purchases shall neglect his duty, or be guilty of an}' fraud or misconduct in his office, the Commissary-General may suspend him, and shall immediately cer- tify the same to Congress, with the reasons for such suspension, and appoint a person to act in his stead, with all the powers of a deputy commissary -general, until the sense of Congress shall be known thereon. VI. That the present Commissary-General, by himself or his depu- ties, deliver unto the commissary-general of issues, or his deputies or assistants, all and ever}' kind of provisions and other public stores in the Commissary-Generars Department, that are now, or at the time such delivery shall be made, may be, in any of the posts, places, mag- azines, and storehouses belonging to the United States, taking dupli- cate receipts for the same, one set whereof, together with a general return of all stores so delivered, to be sent to the Board of Treasur}^, that the commissary-general of issues may be charged therewith. VII. That it shall be the duty of the commissary-general of pur- chases, with the assistance of the deputy commissaries-general and assistant commissaries-general of purchases, to purchase all provisions and other necessaries allowed, or which may hereafter ])c allowed by Congress to the troops of the United States, and deliver the same to the commissary-general of issues or his deputies or assistants in such cjuantities, and at such places or magazines as the Commander in Chief or the conmiander in the respective department shall direct. VIII. That the commissary-general of issues shall direct the respec- tive deput}' commissaries-general to station one of their assistants at every fort, post, place, or magazine where provisions are or may be stored. IX. That the commissary -general of purchases shall furnish each of the deputy commissaries-general and assistants with a book in which is to be entered every purchase l>y them respectively made, and that all the accounts ma}^ be kept in the same form, he shall cause the pages of such book to be divided into ten columns — in the first of 256 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. which shall be entered the year, month, and day in which any purchase is made; in the second, the names of the persons from whom; in the third, in what place; in the fourth, the species and quantity of pro- visions, and if live stock, the number, color, and natural marks; in the fifth, the artificial marks and number; in the sixth, the prices; in the seventh, the amount of the purchase mone}"; in the eighth, ninth, and tenth, the weight of the meat, hides, and tallow of the live stock, as hereafter directed; and the commissary-general of issues shall fur- nish each of the issuing deputy commissaries-general and assistants with a similar book, in which shall bo entered all provisions received by them from the purchasers, respectively, the first column to contain the time of receiving such provisions; the second, the name of the pur- chaser, and in each of the other columns the entries before directed. X. That each purchaser shall enter, in dift'erent pages of the said book, each species of provisions by him purchased, and, at the end of every month, shall foot and transfer the said entries to a general account, specifying the quantity, amount, and average cost of each article, and shall also, in the course of the next succeeding month, send a copy of sucli account to the respective deputy commissaries-general, who shall thereupon make out a monthly return of all the provisions purchased in his district, specifying the quantity, amount, and average cost of each species, as before directed, together with a copy of each purchaser's accounts, to the board of war and commissarj^-general of purchases within the time limited as aforesaid, XI. That the purchasing commissaries shall deliver live stock and other provisions required by the commissary or several deputy com- missaries-general of issues at such place as they shall respectively direct. XII. That the deputy commissary-general of purchases in each dis- trict shall specially appoint one or more assistants to purchase live stock, who shall cause to be branded on the horns of all cattle by them purchased the number and initial letter of their names, respectively, and shall also have power to employ drovers and a person at each place to which they may respectively be directed to send cattle, to receive, kill, and deliver the same, as hereafter directed. XIII. That each drove of live stock, or quantity of provisions, or other stores that may be sent to any post, place, or magazine Iw any purchaser shall be accompanied with duplicate invoices taken from the entries directed to be made in the books of the purchasing com- missaries, one of which, together with the live stock or other stores, shall be delivered at such post, place, or magazine, to the person appointed to receive live stock or to the issuing commissaries, respec- tively, who, on the other hand, shall give his receipt for the articles received, to be transmitted to the purchaser by the person delivering the said articles: Provided^ That if an}^ live stock under the care of the drover shall be wanted at any other post than that to which they were ordered the purchaser's deputy at such post may detain them, taking a copy of the invoice as far as it respects the live stock detained and giving his receipt for the same on the back of the said invoice, specifying their marks and numbers, and the person to whom the residue may be delivered shall give his receipt therefor on the same invoice, and detain the other for his use as aforesaid. XIV. That each drove of live stock shall ho killed under the direc- tion of the purchaser's deputy receiving the same, who shall weigh and THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 257 deliver the meat to the comniis.sary of issues of the respective posts, together witli duplicates of the invoice left l)y the drover, entering- in the eighth column the weight of the quarters of the several creatures; in the ninth, the weight of the hide; in the tenth, the weight of the tallow, and at the foot of each invoice the number of heads and tongues; and the commissary of issues shall indorse his receipt on one of the invoices and deliver it to the deputy aforesaid, who shall return it to the purchaser as his voucher and to enable him to fill up the eighth, ninth, and tenth columns of the entries in his book, and the other shall be kept by the issuing conmiissary for his own use. XV. That the commissary-general of purchases shall contract, by himself or the respective deputy commissaries-general, with one or moi-e persons in each district to make or suppl}^ a sufficient ([uantity of vinegar for the use of the Army. XVI. That the clcputv commissaries-general of purchases take special care to procure full supplies of vegetables, as being essentially neces- sary to the health of the Army; and they are respectively empowered and directed, with the advice of the commander in chief or commander of the respective district, to hire land therein, and raise such quanti- ties of vegetables as are wanted and can not be otherwise procured for the Army; and for this purpose to employ suitable persons to conduct and laborers to assist in carrying on the said business. XVII. That the commissary -general of purchases shall, from time to time, apply to Congress for all the money wanted in his depart- ment, and shall make the necessar}^ advances to the respective deputy commissaries-genei'al, calling them to account as often as he shall judge it necessary; and the deputy commissaries-general shall, in like man- ner, make advances of the money received of the said commissary- general to their respective assistants, and call them to account as aforesaid. XVIII. That the commissary and deputy commissaries-general of purchases and issues shall respectively be accountable for the conduct of the officers of their own appointment, and all the accounts of pur- chases and issues shall, once in six months, be settled by the respective commissaries-general with the proper commissioners of accounts; each account of purchases to be vouched by the several bills and receipts of the venders, specifying the cost, and the receipts of the issuing commissaries, showing the delivery of all articles therein charged; and each account of issues by the victualling returns here- after directed to be made, and receipts for all provisions charged therein as rations, or sent by the respective issuing commissary to any other; and the commissaries-general shall produce the monthly returns of the several purchasing and issuing conmiissaries, to be used by the connnissioners in adjusting their respective accounts. XIX. That the conmiissaries-general of purchases and issues and their respective deputies, for neglect of duty or other oflences in their respective offices, shall l)e subject to military arrest and trial, by order of the Commander in Chief or any general officer commanding a divi- sion of the Army, post, or department where such neglect of duty or offence may happen; and the respective assistants of the deputy com- missaries-general of purchases and issues shall, for the same causes, be liable to military arrest as connnissioned officers in the Army by any general officer or any officer connuanding a detached post to which such assistants may be assigned. S. Doc. 229 17 258 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. XX. That the commissary-general of issues shall superintend the respective deputy commissaries-general and assign to each a separate district, and have full powers to suspend them and appoint others for a time, as already appointed for the commissarj^-general of purchases. XXI. That every issuing commissary shall enter in distinct pages of the book mentioned in the ninth article each species of provisions or other stores received by him, including the provisions delivered by other issuing commissaries or the present Commissary-General, and the same entries shall be made with respect to these as therein are directed when provisions are received from the purchasers, excepting that the prices and cost of articles delivered 1)}^ the said commissaries may be omitted. XXII. That every issuing commissary shall be furnished with a book of issues, in which he shall open a separate account with each regiment, corps, or detachment to which he may issue or commissary to which he may send or deliver piovisions; and each page thereof shall be divided into columns, in the first of which shall he entered the time of delivery, in the second the name of the officer upon whose return pro- visions ai'e issued or by whom sent to any other issuing commissary, in the third the number of rations, and in other separate colunuis the several quantities of each species of provisions delivered as rations or sent to the commissaries as aforesaid. And on the last day of every month he shall foot the said accounts and also all the accounts of provi- sions received and entered in the book mentioned in the preceding article. XXIII. That every issuing commissary shall take duplicate receipts for each quantity of provisions and stores by him sent to any post, place, or magazine, agreeably to the form of the entries directed to be made in the book of issues, one of which he shall deliver to the officer or person employed to deliver said provisions or stores; and the issu- ino- commissary at such post, place, or magazine, or at any intermediate post, who may recei\'e such provisions or stores or any part thereof, shall certify the qutintity on the back of the said receipt, which the officer or person who delivered the provisions shall return to the com- missary that sent them as his voucher; and in cases of deficiency the commissary w^ho sent the provisions shall credit the commissary to whom they were directed for the quantity lost, if the same has been placed to his debit, and shall charge twice the amount thereof to the account of the officer or pi^rson emploj^ed to deliver it, and shall also transmit a copy of the said account to the paymaster or deputy pay master-general in the district, who shall send to the issuing commissary a receipt for such account, to be produced Ijy him on settlement, and shall also deduct the amount thereof from the pay of the delinquent and credit the United States therefor: Proiuded^ That if any provi sions or stores shall be lost by unavoidable accident and the same i. proved by sworn evidences l)efore the commanding officer of the post from or to which such provisions or stores were sent, his certificate, with the proof annexed, shall authorize the commissary to cancel such charge. XXIV. That no provisions be issued to any person but by the writ- ten order of the Commander in Chief, the commander of any depart- ment, the Quartermaster-General, any of his deputies or assistants, the commanding officer of a post, describing the person in whose favor such order shall be given, or upon a return signed by the commanding THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 259 officer of a corps or detachment thereof, whether commissioned or non- commissioned, or by the regimental quartermaster. XXV. That when any troops are ordered to quit a post and the issu- ing commissary remains at such post, the respective commanding officers of the several regiments or corps shall call on the issuing com- missary for a certificate specifying the day to which they were vict- ualled, inclusively; and in case detachments of different regiments or corps are made, the conunanding officer of such detachments shall pro- cure a certificate from the commissary, in which shall be inserted the days to which the different troops of which his detachment may be composed were victualled, and the next and every subsequent provision return for such detachment shall distinguish the corps out of which it is formed and the number of each corps, to the end that the commissary may charge each corps with the provision issued to it; and if an}^ com- missary at any other post shall victual any corps or detachment com- prehended in the foregoing description before such certificates are produced he shall charge the officer commanding the same with twenty days' provision for the whole number of men under his care and make return thereof to the Paymaster-General or deputy paymaster-general in the district, who shall make the proper stoppages, and also to the Board of Treasury, who shall charge him therefor: Provided^ That if such certificates be procured and delivered within thirty days after the first drawing of such provisions without certificate, the Commissary- General shall cancel the charge, keeping the certificate as a voucher for so doing: Provided also. That notwithstanding such certificate may be produced, if it shall appear that the officer commanding any corps or detachment has drawn more provis'ion than the corps or detachment was entitled to, he shall stand charged the double quantity so overdrawn. XXVI. That every issuing commissary shall take receipts for the number of rations and for so much of every species of provisions as he may issue. XXVII. That every issuing commissar}^, on the last drawing day preceding the last drawing day of every month, shall victual the troops up to the last day of the month, inclusive; and if provisions should be ordered for troops going on detachments, for such time as would run beyond that day, two returns shall be made out, one to the last day of the month, inclusive, and one from the first day of the month, inclusive, to the time ordered. XXVIII. That every issuing commissary shall number the provi- sion returns, and endorse the same with the date thereof and the number of men victualled, and put the returns of each detachment or corps on separate files, each to contain the returns of a month for such corps or detachment. XXIX. That wherever an}- capital magazine shall be established, the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of the department, shall order storehouses to be built, and a barrack for fifty men, and the same to be enclosed with a stockade. XXX. That whenever any provisions or stores in an}- of the maga- zines become so damaged as to threaten a total loss of all such damaged provisions, the commissary of issues to whose care such provisions may be committed shall make return thereof immediately to the deputy conmiissary-general of issues, who is to apph' to the Com- mander in Chief, or some general officer, to order a court of enquiry, 260 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. who shall thereupon grant one, and such provisions as ma,y by the court be condemned shall be sold at public vendue, under the direc- tion of the deputy commissary-general of issues, public notice being given of such sale by advertisements at least ten da3^s before the da}'' of sale, unless the court should determine that the same ought to be sold at an earlier day. XXXI. That every assistant commissary of issues shall, within six days after the last day of ever}^ month, make a return to the deput}^ commissary-general of the district of all provisions and stores in his magazine or store at the last preceding I'eturn; of all provisions by him received in the preceding month; from whom and whence; of what ho has issued, specifying the regiment and corps and the number of rations and the quantity of each species of provisions drawn by the same, and of what remains in store. XXXII. That each deputy commissary -general of issues shall, from the monthly returns of the assistant commissaries, make out a general return for the district, specif3nng what remained in the magazines or stores at the last return, what has been received since, the number of rations and quantity of provisions issued, and what remains in store, distinguishing the several posts, places, magazines, and regiments, or corps as aforesaid; one to ])e sent to the Board of War, one to the Com- mander in Chief, one to the conmiander of the department, one to the commissary-general of purchases, and one to the commissary -general of issues. XXXIII. That the commissary-general of purchases and commis- sar}^ -general of issues, each in his own department, make a general monthly return to the Board of War, the Connnander in Chief, and the commanding officer of the respective districts, and take special care constantly to provide and furnish each of the officers under him with printed forms of the books, invoices, receipts, and returns to be used by them respectively, agreeable to these resolves. XXXIV. That no returns of rations drawn or returned l)y the sev- eral regiments be hereafter made by the issuing commissaries to the commissar3^-general of musters, or by him to the Adjutant-General, or by the Adjutant-General to the Board of W^ar, as directed in the regulations in the mustei'-master-generaFs department passed by Con- gress the 4th day of April last. XXXV. That the commissaries-general and the respective officers under them apply to the Quartermaster-General or his respective offi- cers for wagons, teams, and horses wanted in the several districts; and if at any time it shall be necessary to hire the same they are not to exceed the rates stipulated by Congress or the Quartermaster-General aforesaid. XXXVI. That all persons employed to purchase for the United States any articles in the several departments of the commissary -gen- eral of purchases, quartermaster, director, or clothier general, or the commissary-general of military stores shall previously apply to them or the principal officers under them, respectively, for certificates of the several prices by them allowed for such articles, and shall not, on any pretence whatsoever, exceed such prices. And it is recommended to the several States to give their purchasers, respectively, similar directions. XXXVII. That the commissary-general of purchases from time to time provide sufficient quantities of salt and deliver it to the commis- sary-general of issues or the respective officers under him, who are THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 261 directed to issue to the troops onl}" such quantities and in such manner as the Commander in Chief or commander of the respective district shall direct. And the commissarj'-general of issues shall direct the respective deput}' commissaries-general to employ a suitable number of coopers and packers, who shall salt and pack provisions at the sev- eral mag-fizines and stores and take the proper precautions with respect to all provisions therein deposited. XXXVIII. And whereas great confusion hath arisen from the man- ner in which officers and soldiers have been paid for rations and parts of rations allowed to but not drawn b}" them, respectively: Hesolved, That the parts of a ration be estimated as follows, viz: For the daily allowance of beef, pork, or lish, -I-Doth of a dollar; of bread or flour, ^-90th; of peas or beans, l-90th; of milk. l-i)Oth; of beer, l-9()th; of rice, one-half of l-90th; and of soap, one-half of l-90th, making- in the whole 10-90ths of a dollar for each ration; and that for the future the quarteamaster, or other person drawing- provision for an}" regiment, corps, or detachment, shall, on the last day of every month, make out an abstract of the number of retained rations due to each officer, respectively, and also the number of each part of ratio. i due to such regiment, corps, or detachment, and deliver the same to the respective issuing commissary, who shall compare it with his books, and, finding it right, shall certify thereon that the several charges in the abstract are just, and that such a sum as he shall find to be due shall be paid to the respective paymaster of the regiment, corps, or detachment, who shall annex the said abstract to the pay roll; that the paymaster or depute paymaster-general of the district may pa}^, and he is hereb}' required to pay, such ration abstract to the regimental paymaster, who is directed to pay the respective officers and soldiers and take their receipts. And when any regiment, corps, or detach- ment or issuing commissary is ordered to leave a post before the end of the month the ration abstract shall Ije made up to the day of his or their leaving the post, and certified by the commissary as aforesaid. XXXIX. That the commissary of issues at every post where cattle are killed for the use of the Army appoint a careful person to take chargo of the hides and tallow, to see that the former are properly dried and that the latter is properly rendered, and that both are dis- posed of as the commissary-general of issues, by order of Congress, shall direct. XL. That the commissary and deput}^ commissaries-general of pur- chases in each department and every purchaser emploj^ed under them shall take the oath of fidelity to the United States. . . . XLI. That the commissary and deputy commissary -general of issues in each department and every issuing commissary employed under them shall take the said oath of fidelity. . . . June 11, 1777. Resolved, That the commissary -general of purchases shall keep his office in the place where Congress shall sit, and that he or his clerk constantly attend therein. Jine 13, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the agents for the United States in Europe and the West Indies be directed and enabled by the secret committee to efl'ect the importation of salt into these States, on account of the 262 LEGISLATIVE HI8T0RY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. United States, by all vessels bound for America, subject to such regu- lations and restrictions as the secret committee may direct; That it be an instj'uction to all masters of vessels taking on board cargoes for America on account of the United States, if possible, to ballast the vessels with salt, unless otherwise specially ordered; That it be recommended to the several States to erect and encourage, in the most liberal and effectual manner, proper works for the making of salt. June 16, 1777. Resolved., That the pay and allowance to the commissaries-general, deputy commissaries-general, assistants, and persons emplo3'ed under them be as follows, to wit: To the commissarj^-general of purchases, 8 dollars and six rations a day; To the deputy commissaries-general of purchases, each 5 dollars and four rations a day; To the assistant commissaries of purchases, each 4 dollars per day; To the commissary-general of issues, 150 dollars a month and six rations a day; To the deputy conunissaries-general of issues, each 75 dollars a month and four rations a day; To the assistant commissaries of issues, each \S) dollars a month and two rations a day; To the clerks of the commissaries-general and deput}" commissaries- general, each 35 dollars a month and two rations a day; '^o such deputies as purchasers of live stock are empowered to employ, for receiving the same at the several posts, each 27 dollars a month and two rations a day while in such service. Resolved., That the commissary-general of purchases be empowered to regulate the paj^ of drovers and butchers and transmit such regula- tions to Congress; That the commissary -general of issues in like manner be empowered to regulate and transmit to Congress the pay of coopers, packers, and other persons he may find necessary to be employed in such kind of services. June 17., 1777. Resolved., That the commissar3^-general of clothing be directed to supply the Army with a sufficient number of combs. June 17, 1777. — The Clothier-General having reported that he finds himself em- barrassed and perplexed by the occasional interferences of some States who appro- priate clothing, and other necessaries imported for or purchased on account of the continent, Congress passed a resolution that the several continental agents in the different States be directed to deliver out no clothing except on the express order of the Commissary-General or his agents, and that he be furnished with an account of all clothing that may be imported as expeditiously as possible after its arrival. Jime IS, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of commissaries and deputy commissaries general of purchases and issues, the nominations having been previously made; and, the ballots being taken, the following gentlemen were elected, viz: Joseph Trumbull, esq., commissary-general of purchases; AVilliam Aylett, William Buchanan, Jacob Cuyler, and Jeremiah Wadsworth, esqs., deputy commissaries-general of purchases; THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 263 Charles Stewart, esq., commissary -general of issues; William (Ireen Mumford, Matthew Irwin, and Elisha Avery, esqs., deputy commissaries-general of issues. Jime 20, 1777. Rcsolvefh That a suitable person be appointed commissary to receive all rawhides belonging to the United States, and that he be authorized to exchange the same for tanned leather or men's shoes, at the cus- tomary rates of exchange, and have the leather so obtained worked into shoes and deliver them to the Clothier-General or his order, taking duplicate receipts, which he shall transmit to the Board of Treasury; That when the said commissary shall be of opinion that the said exchanges can not be made on reasonable terms he be authorized to provide tanyards, materials, and workmen for that purpose, or contract with proper persons to tan them on reasonable terms; That if oil can not be procured for preparing- the curried leather, the said commissary be supplied with tallow out of the public stores to be used instead thereof, and that he draw for so much as may be necessary on any of the commissaries of issues, making a return of the quantity so drawn to the deputy commissary-general of issues in the district; That the said commissar}^ of hides shall be supplied with money for carrying on the said business, as occasion may require, on application to Congress, and that he settles his accounts with the Treasury Board once a year, or oftener, if required. That the Board of War may order the commissary of hides to deliver to the commissary of military stores so much of the leather in his hands as may be necessary for making accoutrements, etc., for the Ami}"; and that the said commissary shall obey such orders and direc- tions as may, from time to time, be given to him by the Board of War respecting the business of his othce and the persons necessary to be emploj^ed by him in the service, and make returns of his doings to the said board when required. That the secret committee import a suitable number of felt hats, not exceeding 50,000, and linen for as many shirts, for the use of the Army, and also import from the Spanish West Indies such a quantity of dried hides as they may judge necessary for a further supply of leather for shoes and other public uses. That it be recommended to the government of the several States to procure as much homemade linen, suitable for shirts for the troops, as may be obtained on reasonable terms in the respective States, and deliver the same to the Clothier-General. . . . That the pay of the commissary of hides be 80 dollars a month. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of hides, and, the ballots being taken, Peter Philips, esq., was elected. June 20, 1777. — The "commissary of hides" has been considered as a subordinate to the Commissary-General of Stores and Supplies although, from the last paragraph of his instructions, it is uncertain whether Congress did not make him the head of an independent office. June 22, 1777. — The president of the State of Pennsylvania notified Congress that John McKallister, a deputy commissary of issues, having been charged with pecula- tion and embezzlement of public stores and provisions, the council has suspended him from jiay and employment, pending action of Congress. This body tendered its thanks to the governor and council, and requested that they cause McKallister to be prosecuted at the expense of the United States. 264 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. June m, 1777. Resolved., That Joseph Truml)ull, esq., and the several persons by him lately employed in the conmiissary's department, be directed to supply the Army with provisions in the mode which they have hereto- fore practiced until the commissaries-general on the new establishment shall be prepared to enter upon the business. June 26, 1777. — Matthew Irwin declined appointment of deputy commissary- general of issues. Jidy 7, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary- general of issues in the room of Mr. Irwin, and, the l)allots being taken, Robert Hoops was elected. July ^^ 1777. Resolved, That the deputy commissaries-general of purchases, respec- tively, be authorized to malvc reasonable allowances to such of the assistant commissaries as are employed in buying and collecting live stock for all extraordinary travelling expenses which they niay be nec- essarily put to, not exceeding l.^d dollar per day for such additional allowance. That there be paid to the assistant commissaries of issues each 60 dollars a month. ;//// /, li 1 1 . Refiolved, That William Buchanan, esq., deputy commissary- general of purchases for the Middle Department, be directed to appoint a proper person to supply the regiment commanded 1)y Colonel Rich- ardson with provisions during its continuance in Maryland and the State of Delaware. That in case Mr. Buchanan should decline acting as deput}^ commis- sary for the department, the governor and council of Maryland be authorized and requested to make the appointment of a deputy com- missary for the supplying Colonel Richardson's battalion with pro- visions during their stay in Maryland or in the State of Delaware. Resolved, . . . That the clothier-general be directed to appoint an agent in the said State [Georgia] for the purpose of supplying the troops there with clothes; . That a deputy commissary -general of purchases and a deputy com- missary-general of issues of provisions be appointed in the said State. July :iy, 1777. Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered to contract with bakers to bake into ])iscuits, for the use of the Army, the Hour which they were ordered to sell: That the commissary-general of purchases be directed to have the flour stored at Yorktown, Lancaster, Downingtown, and Valley Forge, in Pennsylvania, and which is in danger of perishing, baked into bis- cuit for the use of the Army. July 23, 1777. — The superintendent of bakers being unable to engage a numl)er of journeyman bakers, most of them being in the militia, Congress referred him to the supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, recommending to the latter to make details for this purpose. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 265 July 25, 1777. Resolved, That the Board of War he, empowered to contract with proper persons to supply the Army with beer, cyder, vegetables, soap, vinegar, and sour crout. Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to increase the ration of soap according to his discretion. Jnhi 29, 1777. — Mr. Phillips declined appointinent of commissioner of hides. August 2, 1777. — Commissary-General J. Trmnbull asked leave to resign on August 20. Augui^t 5, 1777. Resolved, That a commissary of hides be appointed in the room of Peter Philips, esq,, who declines acting. The ballots being taken, George Ewing was elected. * * * Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the Commissary's Department; and, the ballots being taken, William Buchanan, esq., was elected commissary-general of pur- chases. August 6, 1777. Congress proceeded to the appointment of a deputy commissary of purchases, a deputy connnissary -general of issues: . . . Where- upon, Resolved, That James Koe, esq., be [deputy] commissary-general of purchases; John Bohun Garardeau, deputy commissary-general of issues. . . . * -X- * Congress proceeded to the election of officers in the Commissary's Department; and, the ballots being taken, Ephraim Blaine, esq., was elected deputy commissary -general of purchases, in the room of Mr. Buchanan; Archibald Stewart, esq. , deputy commissary-general of issues, in the room of Mr. Hoops, who has resigned; James Blicker, esq., deputy commissary -general of issues, in the room of Mr. Avery, resigned. Resolved, That in case Mr. Blicker decline the office, the command- ing officer in the Northern Department be authorized to appoint another person in his stead, and inform Congress thereof. Resolved, That another deputy commissary -general of issues be appointed for the Eastern Department; and, the ballots being taken, Samuel Gray, esq., was elected, * * * Whereas Joseph Trumbull, esq., having resigned his commission of commissary-general of purchases under the new regulations, has signi- fied his intention of discontinuing his service under the former estab- lishment on the 2()th day of the present month; and whereas the connnissaries-general of purchases and issues who are to succeed him in office may not be prc^pared with their respective assistants to pro- ceed in the business at the time aforesaid, and a failure of supplies may be attended with the most dangerous consequences: Resolved, That Mr. Trumbull, with the officers under him, be desired to continue in the business of su[)plying the Army under the former 266 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. establishment until the commissaries-general of purchases and issues shall signify their readiness to proceed therein under the new regula- tions, which they are required to do as speedily as possible. August 7, 1777. Mesol/oed, That the pay of the deputy commissaries-general of issues be increased to 100 dollars per month, and the pay of the clerks to the commissaries-general to 50 dollars a month. August 9, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary-general of purchases, in the room of Jeremiah Wadsworth, esq., resigned; and, the ballots being taken, Peter Colt, esq., was elected. August 11, 1777. — Mr. Archibald Stewart resigned the office of deputy commissary- general of issues. August 14, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary -general of issues; and, the ballots being taken, Robert White, esq. , was elected. August 28, 1777. Resolved, That the clothier-general be directed forthwith to inform himself, as nearly as may be, of the number of blankets, shoes, hose, and shirts that will be wanted for the troops of the United States in the fall and winter next ensuing, exclusive of those now in store or for which he has contracted; that he apply for the same to the several assemblies or executive authorities of the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Penn- sylvania, and Delaware, in proportion to the number of inhabitants of each State, and send to each an attested copy of this resolve; and it is earnestly recommended to the several States aforesaid to call on the inhabitants of their respective counties, cities, towns, or districts to manufacture or furnish their proportions of the said articles; and the said States are desired to appoint suitable persons to inspect the quality of the articles thus supplied, and to order them to be delivered to the clothier's agent in each State, who is hereby directed to pay for the same on the delivery thereof. That the clothier-general be directed forthwith to apply to the Com- mander in Chief and commander of each Continental district and inform himself of the number of assistant clothiers necessary for the Army and detached parts within their several commands; that he appoint, without delay, as many assistants as they may respectively judge necessary, and report their names to Congress; that he take effectual care to send to each assistant a proportion of the clothing* on hand and full supplies as soon as may be, ordering the said assistants to give receipts for the same; that he be careful to direct the several assistants to give each noncommissioned officer and soldier the cloth- ing due to him by the articles of enlistment and take receipts, and THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 267 that they supply the Army with such other clothing- as shall be neces- sary at the average cost and charges thereof; that he furnish each assistant with the names of the noncommissioned officers and soldiers of the divisions or corps to which he may be assigned who have received the bounty of clothing, or an}^ part thereof, and also with the account of each officer and soldier in such division or corps who is indebted to the United States for articles of clothing; that he direct each assistant on the tirst day of every month to render to the respec- tive regimental paymasters in the divisions or corps to which he is assigned particular accounts of all the clothing for which the officers and men are respectively indebted; and the several regimental pay- masters are hereby directed to make the proper stoppages from the pay rolls for discharging the said accounts, and to deliver the money to the assistant clothiers respectively, taking their receipts an 1 deliver- ing them to the paymaster or deputy paymaster-general, to be filed in his office until required by the commissioners of accounts or other proper authorit}-; that the several assistants deliver the money so received to the clothier-general and account with him for all the clothing which they may receive as aforesaid. August 29, 1777. HesoVved, That each assistant clothier be allowed 50 dollars a month and the rations of a captain. August 30, 1777. Resolved, That the several issuing commissaries be directed to fur- nish the director-general, or any of the deputy directors, or their assistants, with such provisions as any of them shall from time to time demand by an order in writing for the use of any temporary hospital which shall be established, which order, with the receipt of the steward endorsed thereon, shall be a sufficient voucher for such issuing com- missary, who is also required to keep such vouchei's separate and make a separate entry of the same in his books, charging the director who ordered the same therewith. August SO, 1777. — " Information being given by the Commissary-General that it is at present impracticable to supply the Army daily with hard bread, the troops are to receive soft bread or flour as the commissaries shall be able to supply them." { Orders, General Headquarters, Wilmington. ) Septemher 6, 1777. The Committee on the Treasury further report, . . . and there- fore it is the opinion of the committee that it be. Resolved, That the clothier-general be directed, as far as he shall have it in his power, to furnish all the noncommissioned officers and privates in the service of the United States who have not yet received their bounty of clothing, at their election, either with the several articles allowed by Congress in the resolution of 8th October, 1776, or in lieu thereof, the following articles, viz: One regimental coat, at 8 60-90ths dollars; one jacket without sleeves, 2 60-90ths dollars; one pair buckskin and two pair linen or 268 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. woolen breeches, 8 dollars; one hat or leather cap, 2 60-90ths dollars; two shirts, 8 dollars; one hunting shirt, 4 dollars; two pair overalls, 6 dollars; two pair of stockings, 4 dollars; two pair of shoes, 6 dollars; one blanket, 6 dollars; making in all, 56 dollars. But, as the cost of the articles last specified exceeds that of the cloth- ing allowed as a l>ounty to the troops by 8 30-90ths dollars, so much shall be stopped out of the pay of every noncommissioned oificer and private who shall be supplied in the manner last directed as will make the amount of clothing he shall receive equal to the value of the bounty of clothing, which, upon an average of the price of the several articles, is estimated at 47 60-90ths dollars. The said report and resolves being read twice, on the question put, Resolved^ That Congress agree to the same. Sefptemher 12, 1777. Resolved, That the commissary-general of purchases be directed to purchase on the most reasonable terms he can 30 hogsheads of rum, and that the same be presented to the Army and disti'ibuted among the soldiers in such manner as the General shall direct, in compliment to the soldiers for their gallant behavior in the late battle of Brandywine. Septemher IJf, 1777. Resolved, That the President write to the governor and council of New Jersey and request them to call on the inhabitants of the above- mentioned places (in the western division of New Jersey) for as many blankets as can be spared to supply the soldiers of General Washing- ton's army, many of whom have lost their blankets in the late battle of Brandywine, and can not be supplied by the State of Pennsylvania; and that the cost of the said blankets be defrayed by the United States. September 13, 1777. — Robert White, deputy commissary-general of issues, resigned. September 16, 1777. — The Commissary-General of Issues and the Clothier-General were ordered to remove to Bethlehem', Pa., or some other place of safety the stores belonging to their respective departments ordered to, or deposited in, Trenton, N. J. September 17, 1777. Resolved, That General Washington be authorized and directed , . . to take, wheresoever he may be, all such provisions and other articles as may be necessary for the comfortable suljsistence of the army under his command, paying or giving certificates for the same; . . . provided that the powers hereby vested shall be exercised only in such parts of those States as may be Avithin the circumference of 70 miles of the headquarters of the American Army, and shall con- tinue in force for the space of 60 days, unless sooner revoked by Congress. September 27, 1777. Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to cooperate with Gen- eral Washington in devising and carrying into execution efiectual measiu-es for supplying the Army with . . . shoes, blankets, stockings, provisions, and other necessaries; and that in executing this business these collections be confined, as nuicli as circumstances will admit, to persons of dissatisfied and equivocal characters. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 269 October 2, 1777. Resolved, That the commissary -general of provisions . . . and their deputies, respectively, be directed to provide and suppl}', in the places where Congress may meet, such articles of their respective departments as may be required by the several members thereof for the use of themselves, their servants, and horses, the said members paying the cost of the said articles; and that this resolution extend to the secretaries, treasurer, and the officers of the several boards and committees of Congress. Octoher ^, 1777. Resolved., That if the deputy commissary -general of purchases, or of issues, appointed for the eastern district, shall decline to accept of or officiate in their respective offices, Major Gen. Putnam, the command- ing officer at Peekskill, or the commanding officer there for the time being, be authorized and directed to appoint suitable persons to those respective offices, or either of them; and that Maj, Gen. Gates, or the commanding officer for the time being of the northern department, have similar power with respect to the deputy commissary -general of purchases and of issues for the northern department, and that they respectively certify the names of the commissaries which they may appoint to Congress for approbation. Resolved, That every assistant appointed, or that hereafter may be appointed by the respective deputy commissaries-general of purchases and of issues shall enter into bond to the president of Congress, in the penalty of 6,000 dollars, for the faithful performance of his duty; and such bond, being taken by the deputy commissary-general and lodged with the paymaster-general or deput}^ paymaster-general of the dis- trict, to be by him transmitted to the Treasury board, the deputy commissary-general shall no longer be chargeable or accountable for the good behavior of such assistants. That every deputy commissary -general shall be authorized to appoint as many clerks, not exceeding the number of three, as the respective commissaries-general shall judge necessary, who are directed to report the same to Congress. And whereas- it is represented that it will be exceedingly difficult to comply with the regulations of Congress for branding and numbering cattle on the horns. Resolved., That the purchasers of live stock be respectively directed to adopt such other mode for marking the same as they shall judge expedient, and to transmit to Congress by the earliest opportunity the regulations for that purpose by them adopted. That each of the deputy commissaries-general of purchases be author- ized to allow to the purchasers of live stock, in his respective district, a longer time for making the returns required by the 10th article of the regulations of the department of the commissaries than is therein specified; provided such deputy commissary-general shall judge it necessary and the time further allowed does not exceed one month. And if in the hurry of a march or engagement, or at any other time, any deputy appointed to receive, kill, and deliver live stock shall be unabh; to weigh the meat, hides, and tallow thereof he shall be indem- nified from any charge of neglect upon producing to the respective purchaser of cattle a certificate from the commanding officer of the 270 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. army, post, or detachment of the fact aforesaid; and such certificate shall also excuse the purchaser of live stock from producing the receipt of the issuing commissary required by the 14ta article of the said regulations. That it was never the intention of Congress to make any purchaser of live stock or officer of the department liable for unavoidable loss of all or any part of such live stock, when such purchaser or officer shall make it appear that proper care hath been taken to prevent such loss. October 6, 1777. Resolved., That the commissaries-general of purchases and issues and their deputies and assistants have power and authority to impress and seize wagons, shallops, and proper storehouses, on extraordinary occasions, for the use of their departments; this authority to extend to the distance of 70 miles from neadquarters, and to be in force to the 1st of January next, and no longer; . . . October S, 1777. — "The commanding officers of corps are immediately to select the most suitable of their men and set them to making mockasins for their corps. The commissaries are to order the skins of the heads and legs of bullocks to be taken off and applied to that use, so far as they will go. The commissaries also are to issue the raw hides for the purpose upon the returns of the othcers commanding corps." — {Orders, General Headquarters, Perkiomy.) Octoher 11, 1777. Resolved., That the commissary-general of issues, his deputies and assistants, and all persons employed under him or them, deliver over, on demand, to the commissary of hides, all hides, tallow, feet, and offal of all cattle killed for the use of the Army, taking a receipt for the same, any order or direction of any person or persons to the con- trary notwithstanding. That the said commissary of hides be supplied with money for car- rying on the business of his department, from time to time, upon his application to Congress, and that he shall settle his accounts once a year or oftener, if required, with the Treasury board. That he or his deputies at any principal department or post be authorized to hire or impress one or more wagons or carriages for the use of his department, as occasion may require, which shall not be subject to be impressed for any other service by any officer of the Army, unless by special direction of the Commander in Chief for the time being; and if any officer shall (except as before excepted), on any pretense whatsoever, impress, without his consent, any wagon, cart, or carriage in the service of the said commissary of hides, he shall immediately, on application to the commanding officer nearest the place where the transaction happens, be put under arrest, be liable to pay all loss the State sustain by such impressment, and suffer such other punishment as shall })e deemed proper by a court-martial. That the Commander in Chief and the conunanding officer of any department, post, or detachment be directed to supply the commissary- general of hides and his respective deputies with guards for their wagons when the said commissary shall apply for the same and they shall appear to be necessary. That the said commissary of hides shall make a return once in every three months to the Board of War of his whole transactions, specifying THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 271 the nnmher of workmen emploj^ed, the quantities of hides on hand, the quantities exchanged for leather and shoes, what quantit}^ is made up into shoes, and what otherwise disposed of; and to enable him to do this his deputies and assistants, whose names, occupations, and pay or wages he is also to return, shall make monthly returns to the said commissary of hides. That the said commissary of hides shall receive and take care of the tallow and all other useful offal of the cattle belonging to the United States, and see that the said tallow is properly rendered and made fit to be manufactured into candles and soap for the use of the Arni}^, and shall deliver the said tallow, so rendered, to the commissary-general of purchases, or his order, taking receipts for the same, resei'ving so much of the said tallow as may be necessary for the manufacture of the leather and the use of his own department. That the commissary of hides have the appointment of all deputies and assistants to be employed under him, for whose conduct he shall be responsible, and have authority to displace them at pleasure. Octoher If)^ 1777. Resolved, That a deput}" commissary -general of purchases and a deputy commissary-general of issues be appointed for supplying the forts and posts on the western frontier of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and that the limit of the district be assigned by the respective commis- saries-general. That assistant purchasing commissaries be not allowed in the district aforesaid. Octoher 16^ 1777. Ordered., That a copj^ of General Washington's letter of the 13th and the returns relative to clothing wanted for the Army be sent by express to each of the States of Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, and that they be respectively requested to send to the General, with all possible despatch, as many of the several articles mentioned in the returns as can be collected and are not immediately wanted for their respective regiments which have not joined the Army, and to order the officers in the clothier's depart- ment in the States aforesaid to use their utmost exertions in forwarding the clothing in their possession. October 22, 1777. Resolved, That the commissary-general of purchases be authorized and empowered to apply to the governor and council of safety of Con- necticut, or to the board of war to the Massachusetts Bay, or to empower the deputy commissary-general of purchases for the eastern district to import or contract with persons who shall import and supply on reasonable terms a sufficient quantity of salt for the Army of the United States in the middle district; that the masters of the vessels to be employed for this purpose be severally directed to deliver their cargoes of salt at such ports in the middle or southern districts as the commissary-general shall think most convenient, and that he order cargoes of flour or grain, on the arrival of those vessels at the ports aforesaid, to be provided and shipped in them for the Army in the eastern district. 272 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. And the said governor and council of safety and board of war are severally requested to assist the commissary in accomplishing these purposes and to grant or procure permits for exporting cargoes to purchase the salt. And whereas there is an immediate demand for the article aforesaid in the middle district, Besolred, That the supreme executive authorities of the States of Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut be respectively requested to assist the commissary -general of purchases in procuring wagons or teams for removing 12,000 bushels of salt from the eastern to the middle district; that the said connnissary be directed to employ the wagons or teams procured in the Massachusetts Bay to remove the salt from thence to Connecticut, and those procured in the States last mentioned in remov- ing the salt from thence to such places on the North River as he shall judge most convenient; and the said commissary-general is directed to procure wagons or teams in the middle districts and load them with flour, to be delivered at the North River and sent by the teams bring- ing the salt from Connecticut to the magazines of the Army in that State; and that the wagons or teams from the middle district be employed to bring from North River the salt to be deposited there as aforesaid. m>vemher S, 1777. Resolved., That a copy of the resolutions of Congress of the 4th of October last, relative to the department of the purchasing and issuing commissaries, be forthwith transmitted by express to the governor and council of safety of Connecticut, who are authorized and requested to appoint a deputy commissarj^-general of purchases and a deputy commissary general of issues for the eastern district, provided the appointments of Congress to the respective offices aforesaid are not accepted, and Gen. Putnam has not made such appointments, agree- able to the powers given him by the resolution last mentioned, or that the officers so appointed should appear to the said governor and coun- cil incompetent to the liusiness. That a copy of the preceding resolution bo transmitted by the express aforesaid to Major Gen. Putnam, who is directed to inform his excel- lency Governor Trumbull of his conduct relative to the premises, and to direct the officers who may have accepted the appointments afore- said forthwith to apply to the governor and council of safety for instructions, and that Gen. Putnam cease to proceed further in the business aforesaid. November JO, 1777. — General Gates was authorized to order the Paymaster-General to pay dues to officers and men for rations allowed to them but not paid, provided the existing regulations of the Commissary's Department on the subject be no longer dispensed with than he shall judge necessary. ^ovemher 11, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy commissary-general of issues for supplying the forts and posts on the western frontiers of Pennsylvania and Virginia; and, the ballots being taken, John Erwing was elected. Noremher 14, 1777. — "Mr. Kemper, the deputy clothier-general, is to attend the meeting and take the directions of the board [commanders of brigades] for the present and future distributions." {Orders, General Headquarters, White- Marsh.) THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAKTMENT. 273 N()th instant, which clothing shall be paid for in manner and at the rate mentioned therein, and not otherwise. January G, 1778. Resolved, That the clothicM'-gnMieral be directed to deliver to the order of the dii-ector-general as nuich linen and as many t)lankets as can be spared, to l)e retained in the hospital for the use of the sick. 278 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That the clothier-general be directed to supply the convalescents with necessary clothing, in order that, when propcrl}^ recovered, they may join the Arnw. January 13, 1778. Resolved., That ... a deputy commissarj^-general of issues be appointed to act^^rc* teinpore for the troops aforesaid [from New Hamp- shire, Massachusetts Ba}^ Rhode Island, and Connecticut, constantly employed in Rhode Island for the defense of the State and of the Provi- dence Plantations]; that the deputy commissary -general of issues be appointed by the council of war of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations; . . . and that each . . . take the oath of hdelity and office. Jeimiciry llf., 1778. Bemlved., That the order of the commissary of prisoners shall be a sufficient voucher to the commissary or deputy commissary-general of purchases for the delivery of provisions for the use of the prisoners of war. Resolved^ That by the resolution of the 22d of October, 1777, the commissary -general of purchases is invested with powders adequate to. and sufficient for, the purpose of importing salt for the use of the Army. Resolved., That the powers and directions contained in the resolution aforesaid for procuring salt l)e extended to the article of rum for the Army. Resolved, That the Board of War of the State of Massachusetts Bay be I'equested to import from the middle and southern department 15,000 l)arrels of flour to supply the magazines of the eastern district for the next campjugn, over and above what may be imported by the deputy commissary-general of purchases for that purpose, and deliver the same to the commissary -general of issues or his deputies, these to be deposited agreeabl}" to the orders of the conuuanding officer in that district, and that compensation be made to the board for their trouble herein. That the said board be empowered to purchase, charter, or hire on freight, as they may judge most for the interest of these States, vessels for this pur])()se, . . . for so nuich of tlie flour as they may order to be shipped from Virginia; that if the whole quantity of flour can not be readily obtained, the ]>oard be empowered to make up the defi- ciency by importing rice from South Carolina. * v.- * Resolved, That a deputy conunissary-general of purchases be appointed for the middle district, in addition to E.Blaine, and that the commis- sary-general of purchases, after consulting with Mr. Blaine, be directed to assign the part of the district in which the deputy commissary- general shall act. January XT, 1778. Remlved, That one or more persons be immediately employed by th:- Board of War, on the' best terms in their power, to purchase 30,0(H> barrels of flour, or wheat equivalent, and have it ground into flour, and THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 279 to deposit 12,000 barrels, part thereof, at or near Lancaster, 8,000 barrels at or near Reading-, (5,000 barrels at or near Bethlehem, 2,000 barrels at Downingtown, and 2,000 barrels at Pottsgrove. * * * That these magazines, being established without the interference of the Commissary-General or his officers, shall when necessary be ordered under the direction of the issuing commissary-general by the Board of War. * * * That the Board of War enquire of His Excellency Thomas Wharton, esq., president of the council of the State of Pennsylvania, what meas- ures have been taken by the legislature of that State for laying up magazines for the Army; and if it should appear to the board, after such inquiry, that measures for that purpose have been taken adequate to the present critical situation of the Army with respect to supplies, they be authorized and directed to suspend the execution of the whole or such parts of the foregoing resolutions as they shall deem most conducive to the general weal. January 19^ 1778. Resolved^ That copies of the proposals of W. Buchanan, commissary- general of purchases, for establishing a communication to transfer pro- visions from South Quay, on Albemarle Sound, in the State of North Carolina, to Elkridge Landing, at the head of Patapsco, in the State of Maryland [be transmitted to the governors of North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland, respectively], and that it be earnestly recommended to them forthwith to establish a sufficient number of wagons and boats, under the direction of active and careful persons, for transporting weekly 500 barrels of meal across the communication in their respective States, as specified in Mr. Buchanan's proposals, or on such other as they shall deem more eligible, and to open proper roads, if necessary, for such purpose. February 3, 1778. * * * And whereas many persons employed as deputy or assistant com- missaries . . . are dispersed in various parts of the continent, o\'er whom neither Congress nor the head of their respective depart- ments can have the immediate inspection: Resolved., That it be recommended to the legislative and executive authority of every State to take effectual measures for preventing any person within their States from exercising any office in the civil depart- ment of the Army, or in any other civil department under Congress, who shall not, when thereunto required by any magistrate, produce a legal appointment to such office and a certificate of his having taken the foregoing oaths or affirmations, or who shall neglect or refuse to take and subscribe the said oaths or affirmations within the time above limited. February 13., 1778. Whereas there is great danger of the armies of the United States being very nnich distressed if the exportation of beef and pork from the State of North Carolina lie not immediately prohibited: Therefore, 280 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Resolved^ That the legislative and executive powers of the State of North Carolina be earnestly requested immediately to lay an embargo on all beef and pork, except so much as may be necessary for the ves- sel's use for the voyage, and to take the most effectual measures to prevent the embargo from being evaded. February U, 1778. Whereas . . . the general assembly of Pennsylvania have, by a law, appointed commissioners in each county within their State to pur- chase or seize wheat, tiour, and other provisions, etc., for the supply of the Army, pursuant to such orders as they shall receive from Congress: Resolved.^ . . . That the said commissioners deliver the live stock by them purchased to the order of the deputy commissary- general of purchases or his assistants, ... to whom severally they are directed to send immediate notice when such purchases are made. . . . * * * And whereas the Board of War have judged it expedient and neces- sary that a greater quantity of flour and other provisions than was directed by the resolution of Congress of the 15th of January should be purchased and other magazines formed besides these above men- tioned, and have, agreeably to the powers vested in them by the said resolution of the loth of January, employed superintendents for the purchase of flour, etc. : Resolved, That the Board of War proceed in that business, and that they direct their superintendents to purchase such farther quantities of flour and provisions and have them conveyed to and secured in such places as the board shall direct; and that they instruct such of their superintendents as may purchase in Pennsylvania to avoid clash- ing with the commissioners appointed by the law of that State in the execution of their duty. That the said board be empowered to appoint a suitable person at each of the new magazines which they shall establish, with such a salary as they shall judge reasonable, to inspect, receive, store, and take care of the provisions purchased and conveyed thither by the said superintendents, and to issue the same upon the orders of the Board of War. That the superintendents appointed by the Board of War be allowed a commission, not exceeding 2^ per cent, on all purchases by them made, in full for their trouble and expenses therein, and that in pur- chasing they do not exceed the prices established by the laws of the States in which the purchases are made. Fehruanj 18, 1778. Resolved, That it be recommended to the governor and council of the State of Maryland ... be requested immediately to appoint a commissary to purchase and supply the said militia [to be embodied for guarding the prisoners at Fort Frederick] with provisions during their service at that post. Februarij 21, 1778. Resolved, That the Board of War immediately employ a suitable number of proper persons on the east side of Susquehanna to pur- chase meat . . . for the Armv. . • • THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 281 February 27, 1778. Eesolved, That a compan}^ of bakers be raised to bake bread for the Army, the company to consist of — One director, at $50 a month and 3 rations a day. Three subdirectors, at %U) a month and 2 rations a day. Twelve foremen, at $30 a month and 1 ration a day. Sixty bakers, at $24 a month and 1 ration a day. That the compan}^ ])e enlisted for one year from the day of then- enlistment and l)e subject to the rules and articles of war. That each foreman and baker have the same clothing as is allowed to noncommissioned officers in the Continental service. That the Board of War be directed to appoint the director and sub- directors and cause the company to be raised and set to work with the utmost despatch. March 4, 1778. Ordered., That the clothier-general send an assistant clothier to be stationed with the Continental Army on Hudson's River, to superin- tend the procuring and distribution of clothing. That the issuing commissary of the army stationed on or in the vicinit}^ of Hudson's River, for the defence thereof, have authority, with the concurrence of the commanding officer, to draw for supplies of provisions on the purchasing commissaries in the eastern or northern districts, as exigencies and the position of the troops may from time to time require, taking special care not to interfere with any supplies coming forward to or intended for the grand army. Marelt IS, 1778. Resolved^ That a commissarj^-general of purchases be appointed, with full powers to depute or remove any officer of his department. That each assistant purchasing commissary shall receive the follow- ing allowances for purchasing provisions and other articles, viz: Flour or meal, per cwt., 6-90ths of a dollar; hard bread, per cwt., 8-90ths of a dollar; fresh pork, per cwt., 18-90ths of a dollar; salt pork in barrels, per cwt., 24:-90ths of a dollar; fresh beef, hide, and tallow, per cwt., 2i-90ths of a dollar; salt beef in barrels, per cwt., 24:-90ths of a dollar; salt, per bushel, G-90ths of a dollar; molasses, per gallon, 3-90ths of a dollar; West India rum, per gallon, 3-90ths of a dollar; American rum or whiskey, per gallon, 3-90ths of a dollar; rice, per cwt., 6-90ths of a dollar; meat barrels, for packing beef, pork, or tish, each, 4-90ths of a dollar; bread casks with lining hoops, each, 3-90ths of a dollar; vinegar, per barrel, 3-90ths of a dollar; turnips and pota- toes, per bushel, 4-90ths of a dollar; beans and peas, per bushel, 0-9Oths of a dollar; pickled shad, per barrel, 12-90ths of a dollar; onions, per bushel, 5-90ths of a dollar. That each assistant purchasing commissary shall be allowed ten per cent on the sum which he shall save by purchasing good provisions at less prices than such as are fixed in the respective States. That it shall be the dut}^ of each deputy commissary-general of pur- chases to superintend the assistant purchasers under him, see that the business of his department is properly conducted, and that full supplies of j)rovisions are seasonably procured in his district, and that he shall 282 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. be entitled to an allowance equal to l-5th part of the whole allowance made to his assistants as aforesaid. * * * Resolved^ That it shall be the duty of the commissary-general of pur- chases to superintend all the officers of his department, to give the necessary orders to the deputy commissaries-general, and see that the business in each department is properly executed, and that full sup- plies of provisions for the Army are seasonably procured, and that he shall be entitled to an allowance equal to one-third part of the whole allowance made to his deputy commissaries-general as aforesaid. That the allowance herein provided for the commissary and deputy commissaries-general and assistant commissaries shall be in lieu of all other rewards for their respective services and expenses, including the pay of their clerks in purchasing provisions. That the Commissary-General be directed to visit the armies and posts, and that he be subject to the orders of the Commander in Chief, and that he be excused from residing at the place where Congress sits, he keeping a clerk and office there, to which all returns shall be made, and which shall l)e under the inspection and direction of the Board of War. That the Commissary-General, deputy commissaries-general, and assistant commissaries of purchases govern themselves in all other respects by the regulations for the commissary's system passed in Congress the 10th day of June last, and the subsequent resolutions of the -ith day of October last, except such parts thereof as are altered by these regulations. March U. 1778. Resolved, That John Moore, esq., of the county of Albemarle, in Virginia, be appointed to act as an assistant connnissary of purchases under William Aylett, esq., deputy commissaiygeneral, for procuring live cattle and pork for the use of the Army under General Washing- ton, so long as the said deputy commissary-general may find his serv- ices necessary. March W, 1778. Ordered., . . . That a member be added to the said committee [on the commissary's department] in the room of Mr. Harvie, who is absent; the member chosen, Mr. F. L. Lee. April 9, 1778. The committee appointed to confer with Mr. Wadsworth, and to whom their former report was recommitted, brought in another report: whereupon, The following questions were moved: 1. Whether Mr, Wadsworth, for discharging the duties of conunis- sary-general of purchases, shall be allowed half per cent on all the moneys which shall be b}' him received and expended for the use of his departments 2. Whether the deputy commissaries to be appointed by Mr. Wads- worth shall be allowed half per cent on all moneys by them respec- tively received and paid to the purchasing commissaries under them in their respective districts S THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 283 3. Whether the purchasing commissaries shall be allowed two per cent for the moneys which shall bo by them respectively received and expended in the purchase of provisions for the Army, pursuant to the orders of Mr. AVadsworth or his deputies? And the yeas and nays being taken on these questions severally: * * * So they were resolved in the affirmative. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary-general of pur- chases, and, the ballots being taken, Jeremiah Wadsworth, esq., was unanimousl}^ elected. Ajml 9, 1778. — Mr. Wadsworth resigned about August 6, 1777; March 30, 1778, Messrs. Gerry, Clark, Lee, and Dyer were appointed a committee to confer with him and inquire whether he will undertake the office of commissary-general of purchases, and, April 2, 1778, Messrs. Drayton, Scudder, and Banister were added to the above committee. April 10, 1778. — Messrs. Dana, Scudder, and Chase were constituted a committee to confer with W. Buchanan, respecting his continuance in office, until Colonel Wads- worth is ready to enter in the business. Apr!! 1.U 177 S. Resolved. That the commissary-general of purchases have full power to appoint and remove every officer in his department. That the Commissary-General shall, from time to time, as the ser- vice may require, visit the armies and posts of the United States, and be subject to the orders of the Commander in Chief. That the Conmiissary-General shall not be obliged to reside at the place where Congress sits, but he shall there keep an office, to which all general returns in his department shall be made, and which shall be under the inspection and direction of the Board of War; every officer necessary to that office being daily allowed one ration of provisions, office rent, tirewood, candles, paper, wax, wafers, and quills being furnished at the expense of the United States. That the Commissary-Creneral, or his clerk at the office of general returns, shall receive from the Treasury, by warrant in the usual man- ner, all sums of money necessary for the service of his department, and shall l)e entitled to receive one-half per cent on all sums by him paid to the deputy commissaries-general for the public service, who, in their respective districts, shall furnish the necessary sums of money to the purchasing commissaries in such districts. Each deputy com- missary-general shall be entitled to receive one-half per cent upon all sums of money b}^ him paid to the purchasing coumiissaries in his dis- trict, and also three rations of provisions when in camp. Each pur- chasing commissary shall be entitled to receive a commission not exceed- ing two per cent, upon all sums of money by him laid out in the dis- charge of his office; and the Commissary-General and his deptities .shall be allowed forage for their horses when at any post where there is forage for the service of the United States, and shall have their horses shod at any shop belonging to the United States. That money for the use of the Commissary-General's Department shall be transmitted from the Commissary-General's office to the respec- tive deputy connuissaries-general, and expresses sent on the necessary business of that department at the expense of the United States. That it be reconnnended to the go^'ernment of the several States to exempt from militia duties all ])ersons who are, bona tide, engaged in the Commissary-Generars Department. 284 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That the Commissary-General shall appoint an assistant to reside at headquarters under the orders of the Commander in Chief, The assist- ant shall be entitled to receive a dailv pay of five dollars, an allowance of rations, two for himself and one for his servant, forage for two horses, which shall be shod at the expense of the United States, That the Commissary-General, the deputy commissaries-general, and the purchasing commissaries, respectively, shall provide teams and driyers for transporting provisions at the expense of the United States when teams and driyers for such seryice can not, in due time, be obtained from the Quartermaster-General's Department. That the Commissary-General shall assign to the seyeral purchasing commissaries their respectiye districts for the sphere of their purchases, out of which they shall not make any purchases for the United States, nor into which they shall not giye any encouragement for the bringing any commodities from any other purchasing commissary's district, unless thereto expressly authorized by the Commissary-General or deputy commissary-general of the district. That each purchasing conmiissary upon his entrance into oflice shall take an oath before some magistrate "that he will not directly nor indirectly take any measure, nor cause or countenance any to be taken, to raise the price of any articles within the view of the Commissary- General's Department; that he will use his best skill and judgment in purchasing on the most reasonable terms on account of the United States, and that he will give to the Commissary-General from time to time the earliest information of such frauds and abuses in his depart- ment as shall come to his knowledge," and the aflidavit so taken shall be returned to the purchasing commissary -general and by him lodged in the War Oflice. That all persons in the Commissary-General's Department shall take bills of parcels for all the articles ))y them respectively purchased, receipts for all the moneys by them respectiyely paid, and receipts for all articles delivered, to be produced as necessary vouchers at their seyeral settlements. That the purchasing commissaries shall make monthly returns to the deputy commissaries-general of their respectiye districts of their pur- chases and the prices paid, and shall settle their accounts once in six months. That the deputy commissaries-general shall once in eyery two months make their returns to the Commissary-General's Oflice of general returns and shall settle their accounts at that oflice whenever required to do so by the Connnissary-General. That every three months the Commissary-General shall render to Congress an account of his receipts and expenditures, and every nine months a statement of the general retui'ns of his department, and such account and statement shall be returned at such other times as Con- gress shall require. April 16, 1778. Resolved, That nothing contained in the system for the Commissary- General's Department shall be construed to make the Commissary- General liable for the misapplication of money for the use of his department by any inferior ofhcer in that department, provided that he shall take bonds from the deputy commissaries-general and assistant commissary -general, respectively, appointed bj^ him, with not less than THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 285 two j:^ood and sufficient securities, in the sum of 20,000 dollars, to be by him lodged in the Treasury office; and the said deputy commissaries shall be exonerated of all sums of money by them respectively paid to the purchasing commissaries, provided they shall take bonds from the said purchasing commissaries, respectively, with not less than two good and sufficient securities, in the sum of 10,000 dollars, which bonds they shall lodge in the said Treasur}' office. April 16, 1778. — General Washington fixed the ration at Ij ponnds of flour or bread, 1 pound of beef or fish or three-fourths pound of pork, and 1 gill of whisky or spirits; or l^ pounds of flour or bread, one-half pound of pork or bacon, one-half pint of pease or beans, and 1 gill of whisky or .spirits. ( Orders, General Headquarter,-;. ) April 21, 1778. Congress having received repeated information that various abuses prevail in the department of the commissary of hides: for securing the hides and tallow belonging to the public, Resolved.^ That the Board of War be directed to make such regula- tions for conducting that department as the}^ shall deem best calculated to answer the end of its institution; that they be authorized to dismiss, if they shall judge neces.sary, the persons who have been hitherto employed to conduct the same, and to appoint others in their stead, till the pleasure of Congress can be known, reporting to Congress the names of the principal persons by them appointed to conduct the business. Maij 2, 1778. — Congress authorized the commissioners at Fort Pitt, or, in their absence, the othcer appointed to command on the western frontier, to apjjoint a proper person to perform the duties of commissary to the militia of the counties of Rockingham, Augusta, Rockbridge, Botetourt, Montgomery, Washington, and Greenbrier, Va. May m, 1778. Resolved., That all further purchases of clothing on account of the United States b}^ the clothier-general, his deputies, or agents be forth- with suspended, and that the}^ be directed immediately to prepare and bring in their accounts to the Board of Treasury, to be liquidated and settled. Resolved., That the hides belonging to the United States be applied toward furnishing the Army with shoes, as heretofore, under the direction of the Board of War; and that the said board do purchase or cause to be purchased shoes, stockings, and linen, for the use of the Continental Army, until the clothing department shall be properly arranged and organized. * * * Ordered, That all the linen, shirts, stockings, shoes, and lilankets lately imported on account of these United States, now in Boston, Portsmouth, or in any other places in the State of Massachusetts Bay or New Hampshire, in whose hands soever the same may be, be imme- diately sent forward to the clothier-general or his order, to be by him delivered out, if necessary, for the use of the main army; and that the other articles of imported clothing only, whether they should have been delivered out to any persons in the clothing department or others, or not, be removed with all convenient speed to Springtield, in the county of Hampshire, in the State of Massachusetts Bay, there to 286 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. be stored, if practicable, under the constant care of a suitable store- keeper, who shall see that they be properly aired and otherwise attended to, so that they receive no damage by being- stored; and the person or persons in whose care the same clothing shall be is hereby strictly forbidden to deliver out any part of the same without the special order of Congress or the Board of War. If the last-mentioned clothing can not all be conveniently stored in Springfield, that then the residue be stored at Worcester, in the same State, in like manner, and subject to the same directions as that part which may be stored at Springfield. The packages are to be carefully preserved for future transportation. June 4, 1778. — Congress api)oiiited Messrs. Carroll, Matthews, and Wentworth a committee to extract from the journals the resolutions relative to the regulations of the Commissary's and Clothier's departments. June S\ 1778, Resolved, That an embargo be, and it hereby is, laid to prohibit the exportation of wheat, tiour, rye, Indian corn, rice, l^read, beef, pork, bacon, live stock, and other provisions from an}^ of these United States, from and after the 10th day of June instant until the 15th day of November next, unless sooner revoked by Congress; provided that this embargo shall not be construed to prevent the taking on l)oard such provisions as shall be necessary for the stores only of any ships or vessels of war or others trading to and from these States. Resolved^ That it be earnestly recommended to the respective States to take the most effectual measures for carrjdng the foregoing resolu- tion into immediate execution. June 10, 1778. Hesolved., That Governor Henry be requested to purchase for the United States the articles contained in the list hereto annexed, being part of the cargo of the French ship Le Fler Roderique, as cheap as he can, not exceeding the price following, viz, £450 Virginia money for every £100 sterling, to be paid in tobacco at 10 dollars per hundred, and that a letter be written to his excellency explaining the principle of such limitation. LIST OF ARTICLES. . . . Men's silk and woolen stockings; woolen caps; the differ- ent kinds of buckles; uniform buttons for officers and soldiers; sleeve l)uttons; red cadis for the linings of uniforms; coarse and fine shirts; woolen blankets; soldiers' hats; cloths, fine, for officers; ditto, coarse, for soldiers, and light ditto for soldiers; brass inkstands; white flan- nel sewing thread; linen spatterdashes for soldiers; soldiers' clothing, ready-made; an assortment of handkerchiefs; . . . wrist bands for shirts; serges of different colors, viz, scarlet, sky-blue, brown, and white for linings; an assortment of sewing silks, men's shoes, soldiers' knapsacks; an assortment of brown and white linens; white Malaga in cases; red Burgundy in cases, 12 gross; claret in casks; 20 casks white wine vinegar. June 11, 1778. — Patrick Lockhart, esq., was appointed to procure provisions and other necessaries for the expedition to reduce the garrison of Detroit and compel terms of peace from such of the Indian nations now in arms against the States lying on or contiguous to the route between Fort Pitt and Detroit. The expedition was deferred by resolve of July 25, 1778. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 287 July S\ 1778. Ordered., That the clothier-general, or in his absence his deput}^ in Philadelphia, be directed immediately to make out and lay before Congress an exact and particular invoice of all and every kind of goods, wares, and merchandise which have been purchased or taken up by the clothier-general or any of his deputies within this city, together with a list of names of the persons of whom they have been purchased and from whom taken, and the prices at which the}^ were purchased. July IS, 1778. Besolved, That the Commissary-General be directed to furnish the French squadron, under Mons. le Count d'Estaing, vice-admiral of France, with such provisions, from time to time, as shall be directed by the Marine Committee, and to make return of his proceedings and expenditures on this occasion to that committee Aug II fit 18, 1778. Resoh'ied., That the Board of War be empowered and directed to take such measures with regard to the making up, storing, and transporting the imported clothing mentioned in the resolutions of Congress of the 28th of May last as to them shall seem expedient and best adapted to present circumstances, anything contained in the said resolutions not- withstanding. August "21^, 1778. Resolved, That the commissary-general of purchases do procure in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, on the most reasonable terms, 20,000 barrels of flour. That the said commissary -general of purchases be directed to pro- cure vessels for the transportation of the flour aforesaid, and that he give timely notice^ of the sailing of said vessels, and confer thereon with the Marine Committee, to the end that convoy may be obtained and the destination thereof directed.^ August m, 1778. The Board of War report that the commissaries-general of purchases and issues have represented to them that, from the moving state of the Army, many parts of the ration as established by Congress, can not frequently be o])tained, and, from the peculiar circumstances attend- ing the supplies, there is sometimes an overquantity of one article, while others are extremely scarce, some of the States afl'ording greater quantities of meat, while others abound more in flour; and that from hence great embarrassments arise in the delivery of the stated ration; and that under such fluctuating circumstances, which change with the motions of the Army, it is impracticable and troublesome to apply to Congress on every alteration of situations; whereupon Resol/oed, That the Commander in Chief of the armies of the United ^ This action was based on the report of the conunittee, to whom the letter of the commissary-general of purchases was referred, "that the transportation of flour to the Easterii States by sea is wise and necessary." 288 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. States shall, in the army under his immediate command, and the com mander of a department shall, in the army under his command, settle and determine, according to circumstances, the ration to be issued to the troops from time to time, giving an overproportion of a plentiful article in lieu and in full satisfaction of such as are scarce or not to be had, and which have been heretofore deemed part of the ration, reporting from time to time to the Board of War such alterations and regulations by them respectiveh^ made in this respect. Septemher 1, 1778. Resolved., That the commissary -general of purchases be empowered and directed to appoint and remove at his pleasure an inspector of cat- tle, at a salary of four dollars a day, with an allowance of one ration a day and forage for one horse. That the dutv of the said inspector shall be to receive and take account of the fat cattle at camp from the several drovers; to inspect over the luiUock guard and pastures; to superintend the butchers, and see that no cattle are killed but those lit for use; to keep accounts of the beef delivered to the brigade commissaries, and settle the same with them every month; to see that the hides and tallow are seasonably delivered to the commissary of hides, and to superintend and regulate everything relating to beef cattle at camp. That he report monthly his proceedings to the Board of War, and all occurrences worthy of notice within the line of his duty. Septemher '2., 1778. Resolved., That it be recommended to the legislative or executive powers of the State of Pennsylvania and the States southward thereof to permit such vessels to load with tlour, wheat, rice, corn, pease, or beans for the Eastern States as shall come recommended by the executive powers of such States, or any of them, to carry provisions for the consumption of the people of those States. Septemher 11., 1778. Resolved, . . . That General Washington be informed that Congress have given orders for the purchase of 20,000 barrels of Hour, to be transported by water for that purpose; and that he be authorized and directed to fix on the places where the said magazines shall be established, and to give the necessary orders to the_ . . . Commissary-General for carrying this resolution into execution. September 12., 1778. Resolved., That the commissary -general of purchases be directed to give orders to his deputies and assistants forthwith to deliver to the commissary of forage and his deputies the bad wheat and offals of wheat which they at present have, or may hereafter, in their respec- tive possessions ;%ind further, that the said commissary-general issue orders to the purchasers to be careful not to purchase, in future, dam- aged wheat, as the same is found by experience extremely injurious, even for the purposes of forage. September 19, 1778.— ISlr. Mease asked Congress to appoint some one in his place. Nothing, however, was done, and January 9, 1781, Congress requested that the attorney-general of Pennsylvania institute proceeding against him for breach of trust and abuse of office. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 289 October 2, 1778.' Resolved., That it be earnestly recommended to the legislative or, when vested with sufficient power, to the executive authorities of the States above mentioned [New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela- ware, Maryland, and Virginia] to authorize and direct any civil magis- trate within their respective jurisdictions, on an information given by the commissary , . . general, or by the deputy commissary . general of the respective districts, of any extraordinary quantit}' of grain or flour being purchased and in the possession of individuals, forthwith to issue his warrant empowering the informant to seize the same for the public use, paying for the same such prices as to the respec- tive legislatures appear proper, to prevent the practice of engrossing those articles in future. . , . * tJ- * Resolved., That the embargo on provisions, which, by the resolution of the 8th day of June last, was laid until the 15th day of November next, be continued in force, subject to such exceptions as are recom- mended b}^ the resolution of September 2d, till the last day of January, 1779, or until such time as Congress shall give notice to the respective States that sufficient supplies have been obtained for the operations of the Army and for the French squadron; and that it be recommended to the respective States to take the most efl'ective measures for carrj^- ing this resolution into eft'ect. * * * Resolved., That it be earnestly recommended to the legislative and executive authorities of the respective States not to grant any exemp- tion from embargo to any vessels whatever, unless, in addition to the former security recommended, the persons applying for the same com- ply with the following stipulations, to wit: * * * That the shippers shall first agree with the Commissary-General, or person by him duly authorized for such purpose, on the price for which the flour shipped shall be delivered at one of the posts in the Eastern States for the public use. Resolved., That the exemption from the embargo, as recommended by the resolution of Congress of September 2d, be extended to vessels belonging to the Middle and Southern as well as those of the Eastern States, under the restrictions and stipulations above mentioned. Resolved., That the Commissary-General be authorized to despatch provisions vessels to the eastward, with or without convo}^ as in his judgment shall be most conducive to the certain and speedy supply of those articles for the Army of the United States and the fleet of Count d'Estaing, notwithstanding any resolution of Congress hereto- fore made on this subject. Octoher 13, 1778. Resolved, That Joseph Clay, esq., deputy paymaster-general, in the State of Georgia, be empowered and directed to pay into the hands of the deputy commissar}^, . . . and the deputy clothier-general in ^This resolve was adopted because of the scantiness of the crops of wheat and other grain in the States mentioned therein and to defeat the operations of numerous speculators, forestallers, and engrossers. S. Doc. 229 19 290 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. the .said State (they obtaining a warrant from the commanding otficer in the Southern Department) such sum or sums of money as may be wanting in their respective departments. Resol/ved., That the deputy commissary, . . . and the deputy clothier-general, in the State of Georgia, when they deliver their respective accounts of expenditures to the deputy paymaster-general, do cause to be specified, on the receipts of the said accounts, that the same were paid in Continental currency, and that the sum be fully expressed in words. Octoher 16, 1778. liesolved, . . . That the commissary -general of purchases pro- vide a suitable supply of provisions for the said troops [guarding at Charlottsville,Va., British prisoners under the convention of Saratoga]. That the commissary-general of issues appoint a suitable person to issue provisions to the said troops and to keep a regular account thereof.- That regidar accounts for provisions and fuel be made and trans- mitted, from time to time, to the Board of War. October 19, 1778. Resolved, That Major James Gray be appointed deputy commissary- general of issues in the Northern Department. Octfjher- 22, 1778. Whereas upon the evacuation of this city [Philadelphia] b}^ the Brit- ish army certain seizures were made of goods and effects supposed to belong to the subjects of Great Britain, and other goods were taken up under contracts entered into with the inhabitants of this city by the officers in the departments of the . . . clothier and commis- sary generals, and a committee hath been appointed by Congress to examine into the conduct of the said officers in making the said seizures and contracts, that justice may be done to the public and individuals, but report hath not yet been made: Resolved, That the Board of War direct such of the said goods, whether seized or contracted for, as may be wanted for the immediate use of the Army, especially for clothing, to be appropriated for that purpose; and that the Board of War direct that the proper accounts be kept of the goods so appropriated, the quantity and quality, and of whom seized and with whom contracted for. Octoher 26, 1778. Resolned, That for the future no wheat be purchased for forage by any person for the use of the United States unless Congress shall order otherwise. * * -x- Resolved, That whenever it may be necessary to employ merchant vessels on account of these United States the same ought to be char- tered rather than purchased; and that the Commissary-General, agent, or contracto]-, on behalf of these United States, if he shall, at any time, find it expedient to take into the service of the Government vessels to be employed as transports on the high seas, and such vessels can not THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 291 be obtained without insurance on ttie part of Government, shall cause the value thereof to be ascertained by three reputable men having knowledge in such business, on oath and under their hands and seals; which said valuation shall be invested in the charter party, and any loss that ma}' arise to the owner or owners by means of the enemy shall be paid according to the common course of insurance. October 28, 1778. — T. B. Girardeau, deputy commissary-general of issues in South Carolina and Georgia, resigned. General Howe provisionally appointed Mr. Mor- decai Shetfall in his place. Nove7nber 7, 1^78. Resolved, . . . That the commissaries-general of purchases and issues and their deputies be directed to comply with such requisitions as shall be made to them, from time to time, by the commissary -general of prisoners, for such articles of provisions as shall be necessary to furnish the British prisoners agreeably to the above direction of Congress. November 10, 1778. Whereas it has become necessary not onlj'^ that speedy and vigorous measures should be taken to regulate the commissary's . , , depart- ments, but also that constant attention should be paid to those depart- ments: Resolved, That Mr. Scudder, Mr. G. Morris, and Mr, Whipple be a committee to superintend the same departments, and that they, or any two of them, be empowered to take such steps relating to the same as they shall think most for the public service. November 30, 1778.— Mr. Searle was added to the committee on the clothier's department. December i, 1778. Congress took into consideration a report from the Board of War of the l-ith of August last, wherein the board sets forth — That Colonel George Morgan, purchasing commissary for the Western Department, has represented to the board the necessity of preparing immediately for the laying of such magazines of provisions as shall be sufficient for the troops maintained for the defense of the Western frontiers; that for the supply of 1,300 men for ten months, 617,500 lbs. of flour, a like quantity of fresh beef or 191,000 lbs. of pork will be necessary; the cost of which, with 1,500 gallons of whiskey, will amount to 201,000 dollars; . . . whereupon, Resolved, That Colonel George Morgan, commissary of provisions for the Western district, be furnished with 201,000 dollars, to enable him to form magazines of provisions for the use of that department the year ensuing. January 1, 1779. — "The brigade commissaries are to deliver their hides and tallow to the commissary of hides at Boundbrook." [Orders, General Headquarters, Middle- brook.) January 21, 1779. — "The deputy clothier-general is to issue a woolen cap to each effective man present belonging to the brigades in this camp on returns made by the commanding officers of brigades, countersigned by the Adjutant-General." "The brigade commissaries are regularly to turn in all the catties' horns and feet at least once a week." {Orders, General Ileadquarters, Middlehrook.) January 28, 1779. — "John Mehelm, esq. [is] appointed commissary of hides for the State of New Jersey." {Orders, General Headquarters, Middlebrook.) 292 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY February i, 1779. Resolved., That the Commander in Chief give such directions as he may think proper for arranging the commissary's . . . departments to the westward, an}" resolutions of Congress notwithstanding; . . . March 5, 1779. Resolved., That the . . . commissary of purchases and clothier- general and such of their deputies as they shall appoint for that purpose be, and they are hereby, authorized and directed to pay all certificates (of the authenticity whereof they are or shall be satisfied) for provi- sions, . . . clothing, or other articles within the line of their respective departments,, furnished by the inhabitants to the troops or detachments, or in cases of necessity, where supplies could not be obtained in a regular course; for which sums so to be paid they shall be allowed for their trouble one-half per cent and no more. The evi- dence of such supplies being furnished shall, so far as regards the party of whom received, be the certificates of the officers receiving them. But the officers in the said departments, the clothiers excepted, paying the same shall notify the officers who gave such certificates to render an account of the application of the articles so received, and the said officers are hereb}^ directed to render such account accordingly; and the said . . . commissary-general and their deputies so paying the said certificates are hereby authorized and empowered to examine and settle the said accounts. * * * The clothier-general or his deputies shall transmit to the commis- sioner appointed for settling the accounts of the arrearages of cloth- ing due to the soldiers in the Army copies of such certificates as shall be paid b}^ him, that the officers signing the certificates may be called on by the said commissioner to render an account of the distribution of the articles, which shall be duly charged to the men who have received them. In case of misconduct of any officer signing a certifi- cate, the like proceedings shall be had, on the application and report of the commissioner of clothing, as are hereinbefore directed. No certificate given before this date shall be paid unless the same be presented for paj^ment within six months from this day; and no certificate hereafter given shall be paid unless presented to the proper officer within three months after the date thereof. And whereas it will be necessary that in future certificates be more formally authenticated, to prevent man}^ inconveniences which may arise similar to those already experienced: Resolved., That certificates hereafter given by commissioned officers for articles received for the use of the Army be signed with their names at full length and the rank they hold, and if under a general officer, that the regiment to which they belong be added; That the particular articles received be inserted in the body of the certificate, their value, the time when and place where received, in letters and not in figures; That the certificates be directed to the principal of the department, whose duty it is to provide the articles so received, or his nearest deputy, separate certificates to be given whensoever the articles apper- tain to the several departments; THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 293 That officers keep exact copies of the certificates they give, and transmit other copies to the nearest deputy or agent in the department, giving him the necessary information respecting the business. That the deputies transmit copies of all the certificates they pay to their principals, that enquiry may be made whether the giving the certificates was necessary for the pu])lic service and whether the things received have been properly applied. March 12, 1779. Resolved^ That the clothier-general be, and hereby is, ordered, if there be 'M\y of the goods on hand by him taken from the merchants of Philadelphia at the time of the evacuation of the city by the enemy and not fit for the use of the Army, to return such goods to the persons from whom they were taken without delay ; that for all such goods as he has sold to private persons he pay to the persons from whom they were taken the sums for which they were sold. * * * That the clothier-general . . . pay to the memorialists from whom goods were taken for public use the current price of the same at the time the said goods were taken. March 13, 1779, Resolved, That the clothier-general ... be directed to lay before Congress without delay a full account of the sales and distri- bution of the goods taken from the inhabitants of Philadelphia when that city was evacuated by the enemy. March 16, 1779. Resolved, That all warrant officers on the civil staff of the Army be put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to arrests, trials, and punishments. Whereas the issuing commissaries of provisions are by their appoint- ments attached to particular departments, which from a change of circumstances and position of the Army is become inconvenient: Resolved, therefore. That all issuing commissaries shall for the future attend and perform the duties of their office at such places and with such detachments of the Army as shall be directed by the Commander in Chief or commissary-general of issues. March m, 1779. ORDINANCE for regulating the clothing department for the armies of the United States. There shall be a clothier-general, a sub or State clothier for each State, and a regimental clothier. The clothier-general is to be subject to the orders of the Board of War and Commander in Chief. He is to furnish estimates of the supplies wanted for the Army; to apply to the Commander in Chief and Board of War for assistance therein; to make returns of such estimates to them respective!}"; to receive all supplies imported from abroad and purchased in the country by continental agents; to superintend the 294 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. AKMY. distribution thereof among the State clothiers; to settle accounts with them at least every six months; to keep regular accounts of all the clothing he shall receive, as well as the distribution thereof among the State clothiers; and to transmit his accounts twice in every year to the Board of Treasur}^ and settle them in the chambers of accounts when required; and, generally, to take care on the one hand that justice is done to the public, on the other that the Army receive whatever shall be allowed them in a regular, direct, and seasonable manner; and at the same time so to act between the continent and each particular State that equal and impartial justice may be done on all sides. THE SUB OE STATE CLOTHIEE. A sub or State clothier is to be appointed by each State, respec- tively, to reside with or near the Army, or such detachment thereof in which the troops of the said State may be, as the Commander in Chief shall direct, the better to know and supply their wants. The State appointing him is to be answerable for his conduct. In case of neglect or misbehavior he is to be displaced by the Commander in Chief and his successor to be appointed by the State to which he belonged. He is to receive from the clothier-general the proportion of clothing assigned for the troops of his State out of the public clothing imported or purchased by continental agents, and from the State for which he is appointed all the clothing which may at continental expense be pur- chased in such State. Of the latter, their quality and price, he shall transmit exact accounts to the clothier-general, and, when required, submit the several articles to the inspection of the clothier-general or any person for that purpose deputed by him. He is to issue all cloth- ing supplied as aforesaid to the regimental clothiers on returns signed by the commanding officers of regiments. He is to keep exact returns with each regiment, inspect those of the regimental clothiers, see that the articles delivered them are duly issued to the troops, and that all the clothing procured at continental expense, above the allowance made by Congress, drawn by noncommissioned officers and privates is charged to them and credited to the pay roll, and that the commissioned officers receive what is credited to them and no more. He is to keep exact accounts with the clothier-general in behalf of the public, charging the United States with only what is allowed to the officers and men. Whenever the troops of any State shall have received their proportion of clothing from the continental stores, the supplies purchased at con- tinental expense by the State to which they belong, or from both, and there shall remain a surplus which may be wanted for other troops not fully supplied, the subclothier possessed thereof is to deliver over the surplus to such other State clothier as the clothier-general shall direct, taking duplicate invoices and receipts from the State clothier to whom they shall be transferred, one set of which he is to deposit with the clothier-general and the other to remain as his own voucher, the clothier-general on his part making proper entries in his accounts, to do justice to all concerned. When, from a deficiency in the public store, the troops of any State shall not have received their allowance of clothing, the State clothier is without delay to represent their wants, particularly enumerated in a return for that purpose, to the executive authority of the State to which he belongs, requesting a speedy and adequate supply. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 295 And in case a State, at its own expense, shall give and deposit with him any clothing, for the more comfortable subsistence of its quota of troops, in addition to the allowance made by Congress, he is strictly to pursue the directions of such State, as well with respect to the distri- l)ution as the vouchers for the delivery and the manner and time of settling his accounts, transmitting once in every six months a copy of such accounts to the clothier-general, and as often, and whenever required, to the State to which he belongs. * -:5- * . . And to prevent in future unequal distribution of clothing either to the officers or soldiers, and the confusion and complaints, which have heretofore been occasioned by irregular applications from connnanding officers of regiments to public agents in different parts, it is hereby strictly enjoined on those agents, the clothier-general, and the sub or State clothiers to issue no clothing on any pretence whatso- ever but in the manner before prescribed, nor shall any article be cred- ited to either of them on settlement of their accounts which is not to be issued and vouched. And whereas discretionary changes of the uniforms of regiments have proved inconvenient and expensive, the Commander in Chief is therefore hereby authorized and directed, according to the circum- stances of supplies and clothing, to fix and prescribe the uniform, as well with regard to the color and facings as the cut or fashion of the clothes, to be worn by the troops of the respective States and regi- ments, which shall, as far as possible, be complied with by all pur- chasing agents employed by Congress, as well as particular States, by the clothier-general, sub or State clothiers, and regimental clothiers, and all officers and soldiers in the armies of the United States. And where materials can be purchased instead of ready-made clothes it shall always be preferred, in order that they ma}^ be made up by the tailors of the several regiments, to save expense and prevent the dis- advantages which the soldiers frequently suffer from their unfitness; and instead of breeches, woolen overalls for the winter and linen for the summer are to 1)e sulxstituted. That the l)oard of war prepai'e and transmit instructions and forms, according to which the several clothiers are to conduct the business and settle their accounts; and that the board of war report to Cong]-ess the proper salaries or allowances to he made to the several clothiers for their services. Marches, 1779. — " The Commander in Chief directs that the following ration be delivered to tl;e Army until further orders: 21 ounces of beef, or 18 ounces of pork; 16 ounces of bread or flour; 1 gill of spirits occasionally. The usual quantity of soap and candles." {Orders, General, Headquarters, Middle-Brook.) March 31, 1779. — In view of the great fidelity, prudence, care, and economy which characterized the services of tlie late Commissary-General Trumbull, Congress author- ized the following allowances for the benefit of his heirs, viz: A commission of 5^ per cent on the gross sum of all moneys received and disbursed by him; also, a commis- sion of 2h per cent on such sums as appeared to have been laid out in purchases made by himself; and, finally, a further commission of ^ per cent on the gross sums received, as a compensation for "his extra services in issuing, purveying, quartermaster's duties, and various contingencies of office, extra expenses, etc. April 5, 1779. Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the clothier- general have a salary of 5,000 dollars per annum. Whereas the duties of the sti)> or State clothiers who are to be 296 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF tJ. S. ARMY. appointed according to the late regulations of the clothier's depart- ment will be very unequal, the quota of battalions of the several States differing: Resolved., That each State determine and pay the salary proper for its clothier, and that each State clothier shall be allowed two rations and forage for one horse per day during the time he is in actual serv- ice with the Arm}^ and going to and returning from the same; That the regimental clothiers have an allowance of 30 dollars per month in addition to their present appointment; That the clothier-general be authorized to employ one clerk, who shall receive the same allowance as the clerks of the auditors of the Army. Ajyril <§, 1779. Resolved., That the Board of War and Ordnance be authorized to appoint persons to purchase necessaries for the Army until the further order of Congress. May 11, 1779. Resolved., That the pay of 200 dollars per month be allowed to the deputy conmiissary-general of issues, to commence from the 1st day of Januar}" last; That the assistant commissaries of issues at every magazine, post, or brigade of the Army be allowed 1)0 dollars per month, and the clerks of the commissary-general and deputy commissary-general of issues the sum of 80 dollars per month; That the clerks of the brigade commissaries and those at posts and magazines be allowed 50 dollars per month; l)ut no such clerk to be employed where the daily issues do not equal 400 rations; That a clerk of the scales be allowed 35 dollars per month; That every deputy corfimissary-general of issues be entitled to forage for two horses; That ever}^ brigade commissar}^ be entitled to forage for one horse; and whensoever the duty of the department requires the commissaries at posts and magazines to travel, the quartermaster at the post shall furnish a horse for the occasion; When the [duty of the] deputy of an assistant commissary absolutely requires that he should travel, he shall be allowed three dollars for every day he shall so necessarily travel for and toward his expenses on the journey; That the deputy commissaries-general of issues shall once in six months visit all the magazines, posts, and issuing stores in their respec- tive districts, to examine the state of the provisions and stores, and see that their assistants are punctual in the discharge of their duty, and they shall be allowed three dollars per day for their traveling- expenses in making such circuits; That an active list of all the conmiissaries of issues be made out once in every three months and lodged with the Board of War; and every such commissary who shall have been in the department for one year previous to this date, and now continues therein, shall be entitled to draw out of the clothier-generaVs store one suit of clothes for himself and one suit for his clerk, to be paid for at the same rate that officers in the line are charged for the same; and that they continue annually to do the same until Congress shall order otherwise. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 297 June H-, l'^79. According to the order of the day, Congress proceeded to the elec- tion of a clothier-general; and, the ballots being taken, Mr. Peter "VVikotf was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Armstrong. Jahj 9, 1779. Resolved., That the executive powers of each State })e earnestly requested instantly to make the strictest inquiry into the conduct of every person within such State respectively employed, either in . . . or purchasing, or issuing Commissary-General's Department, and in case of an}^ kind of misbehavior, or strong suspicion thereof, in any such person not being an officer immediatel}'^ appointed by Congress, to remove or suspend every such person, ordering him at their discre- tion to be prosecuted at the expense of the United States, and to apjwint another in his place if necessary, and so, from time to time, as occa- sion may be, giving notice to the Board of War and also to the . . . Commissary-General in whose department such removal or suspension shall be of the change; the person so appointed to have the same authority and pay which the person removed had been vested with and entitled to, or such pay as the said executive powers, respectively, shall agree for, to be in like manner subject to the head of the depart- ment to which he belongs, and to observe all the regulations for the government of . . . deputy commissaries, respectively ; and that the executive powers of each State be in like manner requested to inquire into the number of persons employed in the . . . Com- missar}^ \s Department, and immediately to discharge such as shall be judged unnecessary. July 15, 1779. Mr. Persifer Frazer was nominated b}'" Mr. McKean for the office of clothier-general; Congress proceeded to the election; and, the ballots being taken, Mr. Persifer Frazer was elected. Juhi 19, 1779. — Mr. Frazer declined office of clothier-general. July 23, 1779. Resolved, That whensoever the business of the hide department shall require it in any State, the Board of War be authorized and directed to appoint a proper person to be commissary of hides therein, removable by the said board for mismanagement, or when by the alteration of circumstances in the particular State no such officer is further neces- sary; provided, that when the business of the Department will admit of it, two or more States may, by the said board, be put under the direction of one commissary; That the Board of War draw up instructions from time to time for the direction and government of the commissaries of hides in the respective States, and they are hereby enjoined to regulate their con- duct by such instructions; That it be reconnnended to the executive powers of the respective States in which conunissaries of hides are thought necessary to be appointed to superintend their conduct, and in case of delinquency to 298 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. suspend the person acting in that office, informing Congress or the Board of War thereof, and of the reason on which such suspension is founded; That the clothier-general have the superintendence of the commis- saries of hides, and that he be allowed a clerk extraordinary to enable him to transact the business with the said commissaries, who shall make returns at least quarterly to the clothier-general, and he shall draw the whole of the returns received from the several commissaries into a general return and transmit the same quarterly to the Board of War; That the clothier-general supply moneys from time to time to the commissaries in the respective States, to enable them to perform their contracts and pay their assistants and clerks, and that he be furnished with money accordingly by the Board of Treasury, on estimates signed by the Board of War; That the respective commissaries of hides have so many assistants and clerks as in the opinion of the Board of War the tdrcumstances of their business shall from time to time require; That the pay of a commissary of hides be a sum not exceeding 300 dollars per month, one ration per day, the value of three rations more, as it now is or hereafter shall be settled for officers in the line, and forage for one horse; That the pay of an assistant commissary be a sum not exceeding 140 dollars per month, one ration per day, and the value of one ration more as above mentioned, and forage for one horse. Resolved, That the pay of a clerk be a sum not exceeding a hundred dollars per month, one ration per day, and the value of one ration more as aforesaid. July U, I'^'^d. Congress proceeded to the election of a clothier-general; and, the ballots being taken, Mr. James Wilkinson was elected, having been previously nomi- nated by Mr. Henry. August 16^ 1779. Besolved^ That the clothier general estimate the value of the several articles of soldiers' clothing at the prices they were respectively worth at the end of the year 1778, and forthwith transmit such estimates to the pa3'masters of the several regiments, who shall be furnished out of the military chest with moneys to pay the soldiers for all deficien- cies of clothing, at the estimated prices of every article as fixed by the clothier-general, who shall henceforward transmit like estimates before the close of every year during the war, so that the soldiers be paid by the regimental paymaster, according to such estimates annually, and previous to their discharge when the same happens before the end of the year, for all articles of clothing allowed them by the resolution of Congress of the 6th of September, 1777, which the}' have not received, and which are or shall be due to them after the year last mentioned. August 17, 1779. Ordered, That two members be added to the committee for superin- tending the departments of the . . . Commissary-General. The members chosen, Mr. Root and Mr. Scudder. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 299 Septemlfv 7, 1779. Resolved., That the commissary -general of purchases be directed to appoiut a deputy for the special purpose of providing for the troops of the convention of Saratoga and their guards during their stay in Virginia. •X- -x- * HesoJ/ved., That he give orders to the said deputy to confine his pur- chases to places from whence supplies for the armies of these States can not conveniently be drawn. Resolred, That the amounts of supplies for the said convention troops be kept distinct from the accounts of those purchased for and issued to the troops of the United States. September 4, 1779. — One hundred dollars monthly for subsistence allowed every cornet of horse until further orders. September 10, 1779. Resolved^ That it be earnesth" recommended to the governments of the several States immediately to provide large quantities of clothing for their respective quotas of troops. That particular attention be paid to the articles of hats, hose, shirts, blankets, and shoes, which are indispensably necessary and immedi- ately wanted, and without which the troops must severely sufi'er. That the clothing so purchased or procured by the States, respec- tively, be delivered to the sub or State clothiers agreeably to the ordinance of the 23rd of March last. That the sub or State clothiers make regular monthly returns to the clothier-general of all clothing received from their respective States. •X- * * Resolved, . . . That the Board of War be directed to inform the executive powers of the several States from time to time of any considerable additions to the stock of clothing provided b}" the United States, by importation or otherwise, that whensoever all or any con- sideralile part of the clothing for the troops is or shall be provided by the United States, the governments of the several States may cease further provisions. September 17, 1779. Resolved, That Congress entertain a just sense of the exertions of the Board of War in superintending and directing the necessary pur- chases of clothing for the Arm}^, and of their constant attention to that important business, and that it is necessary that the board should for the present campaign, and until some more expedient arrangement can be adopted, provide by every n^eans in their power, and upon the best terms they are able, the necessary supplies of clothing as aforesaid. September 27, 1779. Resolved, That a member bo added to the committee appointed to superintend the . . . Conunissar3'-Generars departments, and that another be elected in the room of Mr. Whipple, who is absent. The members chosen, Mr. Jenifer and Mr. Mercer. 300 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. September 30, 1779. Resolved., That Mr. J. Bradford, Continental agent at Boston, be directed to sell and deliver, out of the stores of these United States there, to the State of New York, on or before the 1st day of January next, or to such person or persons as shall be authorized by them for the purpose, any quantity of sugar and rum, not exceeding 500 hogs- heads of the former and 50 hogsheads of the latter, at the current wholesale price of those articles in cash; and that it be recommended to the legislature or executive powers of the said State to cause the said i"um and sugar to be sold and distributed among the people in such manner as that all may partake of the benefit intended them, and at no higher price than will raise the amount of the prime cost and charges; That the marine committee be directed to give the necessary orders to enable the Commissary-General to perform his engagements actually made with the people for sugar, &c. * * * That the Commissary-General be informed that, although the neces- sity of the case may justify his using the expedient in this instance, yet Congress can not approve of his making any purchases in ordinary cases otherways than for money. October 18, 1779. Resolved, That the board of war be directed to give the necessary orders to the commissary-general of purchases and the commissary- general of issues for supplying the convention troops with rations of Indian meal, in lieu of flour. ... October 28, 1779. Resolved, That the board of war be authorized to purchase a quan- tity of leather, not exceeding 100,000 lbs. weight, in the State of South Carolina. That the board of war be authorized to draw upon the governor of the State of South Carolina for such sum or sums as will be necessary to pay for the said leather, and that the governor of the said State of South Carolina be requested to advance, out of the taxes raised on the Continental account, such sums as shall be drawn for by the board of war for that purpose. November 5, 1779. — Messrs. Wynkoop and Forbes were added to the committee appointed to superintend tlie commissary-general's department. November 11, 1779. — "The commissary -general having represented the diflflculty of keeping up his supplies of flour, owing to the uncommon drought which has stopped most of the mills, the Commander in Chief is under the necessity, on that account, of reducing the ration of that article till further orders to three-quarters of a pound per day, the deficiency to be made up in meat and roots. ' ' ( Orders, General Head- quarters, Moore' s House.) November 13, 1779. — "The commissaries to issue the following quantities of meat or vegetables in lieu of the reduced ration of flour: For every 100 lbs. of flour reduced from the issue, 75 lbs. beef or 50 lbs. pork, or, if received in vegetables, 2^ bushels pease, or 2h bushels beans, or 8 bushels potatoes, or 12 bushels turnips, and so on in l)roportion for any greater or less quantity." {Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House.) THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 301 Novemler 16^ 1779. Resolved, That in addition to the subclothiers appointed by virtue of the ordinance of the 23rd of March, 1779, for regulating the cloth- ing department, the clothier-general, with the approbation of the board of war and the Commander in Chief, appoint a subclothier to receive from the clothier-general and the several sub-State clothiers the pro- portion of clothing assigned the artillery, cavalry, artificers, and corps composed of troops from different States, according to the general esti- mate, and to cause such clothing to be distributed to the officers and soldiers of the several corps aforesaid, and in all other respects to gov- ern his conduct in the execution of the said business agreeably to the regulation of Congress of the 23rd of March, 1779, respecting the subclothiers. November 17, 1779. — "The subclothiers of the respective States or those appointed to act pro temp, are to call at the clothier-general's store at New Burg to-morrow to receive their proportions of blankets; if the blankets differ in quality, the clothier- general is to regard this circumstance, giving to each State of the best and worst in due proportion." Soldiers who were enlisted for the war, or three years, are only entitled to blankets. (Orders, General Headquarters, Moore's House.) JVbvemher ^5, 1779. Whereas, Congress by sundry resolutions have provided that cloth- ing be furnished to officers of the line and others, at prices propor- tioned to their pay; but no enumeration of the articles intended to be comprehended in a suit of clothes having been made or any rules explicitly laid down for the delivery of or payment for the same: Resolved., That the following articles be delivered as a suit of clothes for the current and every succeeding year of their service to the offi- cers of the . . . staff, entitled by any resolution of Congress to receive the same, viz: One hat, one watch-coat, one body-coat, four vests, one for winter and three for summer; four pair of breeches, two for winter and two for summer, four shirts, four stocks, six pair of stockings, three pair thereof worsted and three of thread, four pair of shoes. For which articles of clothing the officers shall pay, on receipt thereof, one-half more than the prices at which the same were cur- rently sold before the commencement of hostilities in April, 1775; and for this end the purchasing agents employed on Continental account shall transmit to the clothier-general, with the clothing they shall respectively purchase, the prices marked thereon at the rates afore- said, and also current invoices of the same and copies of such rates and invoice, to the board of war, and all clothing purchased on Continental account by the respective States shall be valued, marked, and invoiced in like manner, and copies of such invoices and rates also transmitted to the board of war and the clothier-general; the clothing so pur- chased shall be distributed to and among the sub or State clothiers, to be issued by them to the regimental clothiers, and by the latter to the officers of the regiments and corps; and the said regimental clothiers shall receive from the officers, on delivery of the clothing, the prices thereof so fixed, and they shall every three months settle their accounts of monies received for clothing with the auditors of the army in which they shall serve, and pay the monies which in such settlements shall be found chargeable to them, or i n their hands, to the paymaster-general 302 LEGISLATIVIO IIISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. or (Icputv ]):iyniiiHt('r-g(Mieral of tho army or dctiiclimont in which such rc-onoral or dep- uty payinast(>r-<;eiioral sliall inak(^. roturus of tho amount of all such monies so received to the hoard of treasury, that the said i)aymastor- j^eneral oi'de!i)uty pay master- ooneral may beduly charo(>d with tho same. Tho auditors maivinji;" such settlements with tho rogimentalclothiors shall transmit to (he])aymaster or deputy ])aymastor-g-enoral abstracts of such Si^ttiements, specifying the balances due from the rooimental clothiers, resjH'ctivcly, that in cases of ne<;l(H't they may bo duly called on for ])iivment oi' the same; co})ies of such abstracts shall also be transmitted totlie boai-d of ti'casury. Kxceptlni>- from this rule of distribution all stair ollicers not taken from the line, who are to receive their cloth- inj^ inunediately f I'oni tho clothi(>r-oeneral, or if attached to the corps of or rosidin*"- in any State at a distance from tho clothicr-g-enerars store, from the subclothier of such State, paying- for the same at the rates aforesaid; and all monies so received by the clothier-general or 8ub or State clothiers shall beplaced totho ci'oditof the United States, and accoiuils theivof duly transmitted to the board of treasury, the clothier-o-cncral to be chai'oed in the settlement of his conting-ent account with the monies so receivinl and tho sub or State clothiers to be accountable for and ]);iy the monies received by them to tho order of the executive of the State appointing them, respectively, and the State to bo chai'g'ed in its clothing account Avith the amount of such monies. Excepting- also all statf officers who receive commissions on their expenditures of public monies, who are not to receive any cloth- ing ])rovid(Mi Jit Continental expense. That all clothing issued to noncommissioned officers and soldiers, enlistinl artiliciMs, and wagoners, beyond that allowed to them as a bounty, shall also bo valued and paid lV)r at tho rate before mentioned, but no nt)nconunissioned officer, soldier, wagoner, or artiiicer shall be entilliHl to purchase in any one year out of the public store any other additional articles than those of hats, hose, shirts, and shoes, and not more of these than are al)solutely necessary, and not exceeding' the nundxM- of the like articles allowed as their bounty clothing. That all the clothing before mentioned for officers in the line and soldiiM's shall bo issued on returns cortilied by the commanding- officer of the coi'ps to which they ludong; all clothing to statf officers on the certificate of their principal Avitli tho army or in the district within which they shall serve; to artiticers on tho certificate of the command- ing officer of their corps, and to wagoners on tho certiticate of the Q,u!irtermaster-(ieneral, one of the assistant quartermasters-general, or of the deputy quartermaster-general employing- them, or of the wagon master general, or deputy Avagon master general under whom they serve. That no stait* officer, artificer, or wagoner, not being engaged for at least t>no year, shall receive clothing; and if any such officer, artificer, or wagoner, being engaged for one year or more, after receipt of such clothing, shall quit the service beftn-e the expiration of the term for which iie or they are or shall be engaged, ho or they shall forfeit and pay the full value of such clothing- and be subject to all other penal- ties and inconveniences attending his or their In-each of contract or desertion. ■x- x- * Jicitol ('<arrels of flour. ... Virqinia. — 47,000 hundredweight of beef, 1,278 barrels of flour, 10,700 bushels of salt, 100,000 gallons of rum. . . . North Carolina. — 49,875 hundredweight of beef, 15,000 barrels of flour, 4,500 bushels of salt. ... THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAKTMENT. 307 South Carolina. — 16,000 hundredweight of beef, 52,000 hundred- weight of rice, 5,000 bushels of salt, 12,000 gallons of rum. . . . Resolved, That pork be received from an}^ State in lieu of beef, in quantities proportioned to the prices assigned to each. Resolved., That Continental rum, or other spirits suitable for the Army, be received in lieu of West India rum, in proportion to the prices assigned to each. Resolved, That the articles aforesaid be collected and deposited or delivered, at the risk of the respective States, in such places within (vach State, respectively, as the Commander in Chief shall judge most convenient. . . Provided, That such of the said articles as shall be destroyed or taken by the enemy, after being deposited as aforesaid, or which shall be damaged by long keeping, shall be paid for by the United States. Resolved, That the respective States be credited for all such com- modities, being of good and sufficient quality, as shall be received for the use of the United States, by persons appointed to inspect the same, at the prices following, to wit: Merchantable flour, per hundredweight gross, viz, 112 lb., 4^ dollars. Beef, best grass fed, which shall be delivered between the first day of July and the first of December, 5^ dollars per net hundredweight. Beef, best stall fed, which shall be delivered in the month of Decem- ber, 6i dollars per net hundredweight; and for all that shall be delivered after the 1st of January and before the 1st of July, 8 dollars per net hundredweight. Fresh pork, well fatted with corn or rice, 7 dollars per net hundred- weight; salted pork, per barrel, well fatted as aforesaid, containing 220 D). net, 22 dollars; salted beef, per barrel, containing 240 lb. net, 17i dollars; . . . rice, well cleaned, per bushel, 1 dollar; white beans and peas, per bushel, li dollars; wheat, per bushel, weighing 60 lb., 1^ dollars; spelts, i dollar per bushel; buckwheat, per bushel, f of a dol- lar; rough rice, f of a dollar per bushel; merchantable rice, 3 dollars per hundredweight; . . . West India rum, good proof , If dollars per gallon; best alum or rock salt, per bushel, 3 dollars; and other salt in proportion. Continental rum, good proof, 1 dollar; and other spirits, good proof, suitable for the Army, at prices in the usual proportions to the price of rye. Resolved, That when any State shall have taken the necessarj^ meas- ures for furnishing its quota of the said supplies and shall have given information thereof to Congress, such State be authorized to carry into effect the resolution of the 17th of December last for discontinuing purchase of such supplies by the commissaries . , . within the same. * * * Resolved, That it be recommended to the States to furnish such parts of their quotas of meat, in beef cattle, as the commissaries shall from time to time have occasion for, to supply the Army with fresh beef through the different seasons of the year. That only such quantities of beef and pork be salted, to be delivered in barrels, as shall be requested by the Commissary-General. That the hides and tallow of the beef cattle, delivered on foot, shall be received and credited at the same price as the beef. That the provisions furnished b}' authority of any State for the use 308 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. of the Army since the first day of December last may be credited as part of the quota of supplies assigned to such State at the prices fixed in the foregoing resolutions, if such State desire it. July 10, 1780. Resolved, That all clothing arriving from Europe belonging to the United States be delivered at the port of arrival to the agents appointed b}' the Board of War to receive them, without passing through the hands of the Continental agents for prizes, any former order to the contrary notwithstanding. July 15, 1780. Hesolved, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by order of the Commander in Chief, or commanding officer of a sepa- rate armv, ... to wit: A commissarj^ and his deputy of purchases or issues ... 1 cov ered 4-horse wagon. A deputy commissary with a separate arm}" ... 1 two-horse wagon or two bathorses. -X- * * Resolved, That, in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and bathorses by these regulations, there be issued . . . : To a . . . commissary -general of purchases, four [rations]; commissary-general of issues, two; brigade commissar}^, one; . August 22, 1780. Whereas it is of the utmost importance effectually to prevent the destruction, waste, embezzlement, and misapplication of the public stores and provisions upon which the existence of the armies of these United States may depend, and no adequate provision hath been made for the just punishment of delinquents in the departments of the commissary-general of purchases, commissary-general of issues, clothier-general, . . . and hide department: Therefore, Resolved, That every person in any of the said departments intrusted with the care of provisions or military or hospital stores, or other property of these United States, who shall be convicted at a general court-martial, of having sold, without a proper order for that purpose, embezzled, or willfully misapplied, damaged, or spoiled any of the provisions, horses, forage, arms, clothing, ammunition, or other mili- tar}^ or hospital stores, or property belonging to the United States of America, shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be directed by a general court-martial, according to the nature and degree of the offense, at the discretion of such court; and every person in any of the said departments, intrusted as aforesaid, who shall be convicted at a general court-martial of having, through neglect, suffered any of the articles aforesaid to be wasted, spoiled, or damaged, shall suffer such punishment as the said court shall, in their discretion, direct, according to the degree of the offense. THE SUliSISTENOE DEPARTMENT. 309 August 2S^ 1780. Resolved, That no certificates issued in the . . . and commis- sary's departments after the 15th da}^ of September next, afi'ord any claim upon the United States, unless issued under the following regu- lations : 1st. That the}" be for services performed or articles purchased within their respective departments. Sdly. The . . . commissar3r-general shall themselves sign all such certificates as are issued in their respective departmej^its. 3dly. All such certificates shall be given for specie or other current money equivalent. 4thly. All contracts or purchases made, for which certificates shall be given, shall be made for specie value. Sthly. The articles so purchased shall be enumerated in such certifi- cates, with the rates and prices thereof; and the prices shall be reason- able when the present circumstances of our afi'airs are compared with the cost of articles of like qualit}^, or services performed, in the year 1775, or when compared with the allowance by Congress to the United States, as expressed in their resolution of the 25th of February last. Resolved., That the certificates issued under and agreeable to the foregoing regulations shall bear an interest of six per cent per aniuim from the time stipulated for payment until paid. Resoh'ed., That the . . . connnissar3"-general be, and hereby are, strictly enjoined to make monthly returns of their purchases and pro- ceedings to the board of war, and make monthly returns, to wit, on the last day of every month, to the board of treasury, of all certificates so issued as aforesaid. August 26, 1780. Resolved., That, all and singular, the creditors of these United States for supplies furnished the Army, or the transportation thereof, shall be entitled to receive the just value of the sums due them, respectively, in the bills of credit emitted pursuant to the act of the 18th of March last, the value of the sums due to be ascertained according to the cur- rent value of Continental bills of credit compared with specie at the time the mone}' became due, at the place where the supplies were fur- nished; provided the same do not exceed the prices fixed for such sup- plies by the act of the 25th of February last, or a proportionate value for services done and articles furnished not mentioned in the said act; but if the nominal sum, in Continental currency, contracted for, when reduced to specie value as aforesaid, shall exceed the fixed prices afore- said, the creditor shall be entitled to receive the amount of the sup- plies furnished or service done at the said fixed or proportionate prices in the new bills aforesaid, or the nominal sum contracted for in Conti- nental bUls of credit, and no more, at his election. That the accounts being duly examined and adjusted by the rule aforesaid, b}" commissioners that may be appointed agreeably to the resolution of the 12th of June last to settle the accounts of officers of the staff departments in the several States, or by the officer who made the contract or ])y whom the payment is to be made, the same shall be paid, or a certificate given for the sum justly due, certifying that the same has been duly examined and adjusted, agreeably to the directions aforesaid; and, if paid in the new bills, the interest on the said bills shall be computed to the date of such certificate. olO LECUSLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That all debts duo to the United States for monies received for their use, or otherwise. Avithin any of these States, shall be paid aeeording to the just value of the money when it was received or became due, to be ascertained as aforesaid. August 28, 1780. — "Great irregularity having prevailed in the issues of rum to the several brigades, for the future it is to' be issued in the following jiroportion when there is anv in the magazine: To a col. or It. eol.-i'omniaudant, half a gallon per week; to a It. i-ol. or niaj., three pints per week; to a eapt., two pints; and a subal- tern, a pint and a lialf per week. Rum is to be issued to the soldiery in rainy weather and on fatigu.e, but on no other occasions, except by special order from headquar- ters at a gill per man." {Orders, General ILodqaartcrs, Teaii Xecl:) Auijust SO, nSO.— ''It was omitted in the order of the 28th instant regulating the issue of rum that the regimental surgeons are to draw the same quantity as a capt. and the mates as a subaltern." ( Orders, Geiteral Headquarters, Tean ISech.) September 8, 1780. Besolved^ That magazines of provisions . . . for 15.000 men for 6 months be immediately provided and laid up for the southern arm3^ That two-thirds of the llour and beef required from ^hiryland, by the resolution of the 25th of February last, be retained in that State for the above purpose, and stored at some safe and convenient places on or near navigable water. litsolvtd. That North Caroliiui furnish magazines of . . . flour and salted provisions to the utmost of their ability, to be stored at such convenient places as to the commanding officer of the southern department shall appear most eligible. Septemher 15 j 1780. Ordered, That the committee appointed to confer with the directors of the Bank of Philadelphia apply to the said directors and request them to purchase 500 head of cattle, in lieu of part of the flour engaged by them to Congress, or to furnish the Counnissary-General with suf- flcient money to purchase the said cattle, for which the Commissary- General is to lie ticcountable, a duplicate receipt to be taken and lodged with the treasury board. SesoJvtd, That for the supply of the Army the States of New Hamp- shire, Massachusetts Bay, and Connecticut be called upon to furnish weekly 1.000 head of cattle, in the following proportions, to wit: New Hampshire "6 ^lassaohusetts Bay 315 Connecticut 539 1,000 Ordered^ That copies of the above resolution be forwarded bv express to the said States, respectively, and that the President, in his letter, urge the necessity of an immediate and full compliance therewith, and the fatal consequences which must fall upon the Army in case of fail- ure in either. J^esolved, That the States of New Jersey. Pennsylvania, and Dela- ware be requested, with all possible despatch, to furnish for an imme- diate supply to the Army the following number of cattle, to wit: New Jersey 275 Pennsylvania 1' 251 Delaware ^30 2,056 THE SUBSIST1:NCE DEPAKTMEJStT. 311 That for defraying the expenses of forwarding the said cattle to the Army from the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, and Connecticut (for a weekl}- supply) warrants be drawn monthly upon the loan offices of the said States in favor of the Commissary-General until the further order of Congress, in money of the new emission, viz: On the loan office for the State of New Hampshire, for 1,418|- dol- lars; Massachusetts Bay, T,186f dollars; Connecticut, 5,030f dollars. And for defraying the expenses of forwarding, for an immediate supply, the cattle from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, that warrants be drawn on the loan offices of the said States in favor of the Commissary-General for the following sums in money of the new emission, viz: On the loan offices of the State of New Jersey, for 550 dollars: Pennsylvania, 2,819 dollars; Delaware, 1,236 dollars. And that the Commissary-General be authorized, in case an}' of the said States have not received their money of the new emission, to apply to the executive of the said States, who are requested to advance him, upon the said warrants, an equivalent in other money. September M, 1780. Resolved., That it be recommended to the State of Maryland to send immediate!}^ to the main army 500 head of neat cattle, over and above the quantity of meat required by the resolution of the 25th of Feb- ruarj' last. . . . September 9.5, 1780. Resolved., . . . The commissary of issues shall be obliged to deliver to the Inspector-General, and assistant inspector with a separate army, an abstract, by brigades, of the rations actually issued, and of all issues to all separate corps, garrisons, and detachments. September 30, 1780. Resolved., . . . That the several officers [of the hospital depart- ment] shall each be entitled annually to draw clothing from the stores of the clothier-general, in the same manner and under the same regu- lations as are established for officers in the line by a resolution of Congress of the 25th of November, 1779. That the returns for clothing for officers in the medical staff (regi- mental surgeons and their mates, who are to draw with the regimental staff, excepted) be signed by the director, or one of the chief hospital ph3^sicians; and such clothing shall be delivered either by the clothier- general, or any subclothier in the State in which the officer to receive clothing shall reside, in the same manner as is provided in the cases of other staff officers not taken from the line. October 15, 1780. — "The issuing commissaries are to deliver all their sheep and calve skms to the field commissary of military stores with the park of artillerj', who will have them properly dressed for drumheads." {Orders, General Headquarters, Totowa. ) October 2S, 1780. — "The officers of the Army are to be furnished with two rations per day till further orders." {Orders, General Headquarters, Toto^va.) 312 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. October ^4, 17 SO. Resolved., That E. Blaine, comiiii.s.sary -general of purchases, be directed to make accurate returns to Congress of the supplies fur- nished by each State since the last day of December last. Novemher .^, 1780. Resolved., That it be, and hereby is, recommended to the several States to lev}^ in the proportions hereafter mentioned, a tax, equal in value to 6,000,000 of silver dollars, to be paid partly in the specific articles and at the prices hereafter enumerated, and the residue in gold or silver or bills of credit emitted pursuant to the resolution of the 18th of March last. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 2,600 barrels of beef, at Y\\, dollars per barrel. 6,000 hundredweight of beef, at 5i dollars per hundredweight. 2,000 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight, 20,124 gallons of -West India rum. full proof, at If dollars per gallon. MASSACHUSETTS BAY. 16,000 barrels of beef, at 17i dollars per barrel. 2,000 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel. 29,250 hundredweight of beef, at 5^ dollars per hundredweight. 9,750 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight. 71:,576 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gall 13,000 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. Lon. RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS. 900 barrels of beef, at 17i dollars per barrel. 83 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel. 1,500 hundredweight of beef, at 5i dollars per hundredweight. 500 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight. 20,000 gallons of West India rum. full proof, at If dollars per gallon. CONNECTICUT. 15,000 barrels of beef, at Vl\ dollars per barrel. 3,000 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel. 18,750 hundredweight of beef, at h\ dollars per hundredweight. 6,250 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight. 25,000 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon. 813 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. . . . NEW YORK. 2,800 barrels of beef, at Yi\ dollars per barrel. 1,500 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel. 16,000 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel. 1,320 hundredweight of beef, at h\, dollars per hundredweight. 441 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight. . . . THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 313 NEW JEKSET. 3,000 barrels of beef, at ITi dollars per barrel. 4,000 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel. 12,000 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel. 4,000 hundredweight of beef, at 5^ dollars per hundredweight. 1,383 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight. 996 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. . . . PENNSYLVANIA. 3,000 barrels of beef, at 17i dollars per barrel. 2,000 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel. 1,500 hundredweight of beef, at 5i dollars per hundredweight. 500 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight. 55,000 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel. 50,000 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon. 13,028 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. . . . DELAWARE. 800 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel. 3,171 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel. 2,000 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon. 500 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. MARYLAND. 4,800 barrels of beef, at ITi dollars per barrel. 5,500 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel. 20,000 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel. 9,000 hundredweight of beef, at 5i dollars per hundredweight. 3,000 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight. 17,007 gallons of West Indian rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon. 4,000 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. . . . VIRGINIA. 9,000 barrels of beef, at 17i dollars per barrel. 10,617 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel. 7,529 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel. 23,670 hundredweight of beef, at 5i dollars per hundredweight. 7,890 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight. 70,292 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon. 6,673 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. . . . NORTH CAROLINA. 3,000 barrels of beef, at 17^ dollars per barrel. 5,000 barrels of pork, at 22 dollars per barrel. 6,000 barrels of flour, at 9 dollars per barrel. 7,500 hundredweight of beef, at 5| dollars per hundredweight. 2,500 hundredweight of beef, at 8 dollars per hundredweight. 991 bushels of salt, at 3 dollars per bushel. 21,000 gallons of West India rum, full proof, at If dollars per gallon. . . . 314 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Resolved^ That the articles aforesaid be delivered by the respective States on or before the several dates hereafter mentioned, at such place or places within the respective States as the Commander in Chief shall direct, viz: NEW HAMPSHIRE. 2,600 barrels of beef, 8.000 g-allons of rum. on or before the 1st da^^ of January, 1781. 1,500 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781. 3,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of May, 1781. 12,02-1 gallons of rum, on or before the 15th day of July, 1781. MASSACHUSETTS BAY. 16,000 barrels of beef, 2,000 barrels of pork, 18,000 gallons of rum, 2,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day of Januarv, 1781. 9,000 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781. 18,000 gallons of rum. 2.000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day of May. 1781. 29,570 gallons of rum, 8,000 bushels of salt, on or b^^fore the 15th day of July. 1781. RHODE ISLAND. 900 barrels of beef, 83 barrels of pork, 3,000 gallons of rum. on or before the 1st day of January, 1781. 1,500 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781. 3,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of May. 1781. 12,508 gallons of rum, on or before the 15th day of July. 1781. CO'NNECTICUT. 15,000 barrels of beef, 3,500 barrels of pork, 4,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of January, 1781. 2,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of March. 1781. 4,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of ]Mav. 1781. 15,000 gallons of rimi, 813 bushels of salt, on or before the 15th of July, 1781. NEW YORK. 2,800 barrels of beef, 1,500 barrels of pork, 4,000 barrels of Hour, on or before the 1st day of January. 1781. 2,000 barrels of Hour, on or before the 1st day of ]March, 1781. 4,000 barrels of Hour, on or before the 1st day of May, 1781. 6,000 barrels of Hour, on or before the 15th day of July, 1781. NEW JERSEY. 3,000 barrels of beef, 4,000 barrels of pork, 2,0(H) barrels of Hour, on or before the 1st day of January, 1781. 1.000 barrels of Hour, on or before the 1st dav of March, 1781. 2,000 barrels of Hour, on or before the 1st day of May. 1781. 7,000 barrels of Hour, ^'^'^ bushels of salt, on or before the 15th of July, 1781. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 315 PENNSYLVANIA. 3,000 barrels of beef, 2,000 barrels of pork, 6,000 barrels of flour, 9,000 gallons of rum, 2,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day of January, 1781. 3,000 barrels of flour, 1,500 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st of March, 1781. 6,000 barrels of flour, 9,000 gallons of rum, 2,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day of May, 1781. 40,000 barrels of flour, 27,500 gallons of rum, 8,028 bushels of salt, on or before the 15th of Jul3^, 1781. DELAWARE. 800 barrels of pork, 500 barrels of flour, on or before the 1st day of January, 1781. 250 barrels of flour, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781. 500 barrels of flour, on or before the flrst day of May, 1781. 2,221 barrels of flour, 2,000 gallons of rum, 500 bushels of salt, on or before the 15th of July, 1781. aiARYLAND. 4,800 barrels of beef, 5,500 barrels of pork, 2,500 barrels of flour, 800 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st of Janu- ary, 1781. 1,250 barrels of flour, 100 gallons of rum, 500 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781. 2,500 barrels of flour, 800 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day of Ma}^, 1781. 13,750 barrels of ilour, 15,007 gallons of rum, 1,500 bushels of salt, on or before the 15th day of July, 1781. VIRGINIA. 9,000 barrels of beef, 10,617 barrels of pork, 2,500 barrels of flour, 11,000 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day of January, 1781. 1,250 barrels of flour, 5,500 gallons of rum, 500 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781. 2,500 barrels of flour, 11,000 gallons of rum, 1,000 bushels of salt, on or before the 1st day of May, 1781. 1,279 barrels of flour, 12,792 gallons of rum, 4,173 bushels of salt, on or before the loth of July, 1781. NORTH CAROLINA. 3,000 barrels of beef, 5,000 barrels of pork, 2,000 barrels of flour, 4,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of January, 17§1. 1,000 barrels of flour, 2,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of March, 1781. 2,000 barrels of flour, 4,000 gallons of rum, on or before the 1st day of May, 1781. 1,000 barrels of flour, 11,000 gallons of rum, 991 bushels of salt, no or before the 15th of July, 1781. 816 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Resolved^ That each barrel of beef contain 240 pounds net; each barrel of pork contain 220 pounds net; each barrel of flour contain 224 pounds net. That the beef on foot shall be delivered at such times and places as the Commissary-General shall order. Resolwd, That a return be made on the days aforesaid, respectively, to the board of war, and duplicates to the Commissary-General. * * * Resolved^ That pork be received from any State in lieu of beef, or beef in lieu of pork, in quantities proportioned to the prices annexed to each by a resolution of Congress of the 25th of February last. That continental rum, or other spirits suitable for the Army, be received in lieu of West India rum, in proportion to the prices assigned to each by the said resolution. That Indian meal, well sifted or bolted, be received in lieu of flour, in the proportion of one pound and a half of the former for one pound of the latter, to be issued to the Army in the same proportion; pro- vided, that no Indian meal be thus commutable after the first day of March, without the approbation of the ofiicer commanding in the department. Novefmher 16^ 1780. A letter of the 10th, from Charles Stewart, commissary -general of issues, was read respecting the resignation and settlement of the account of James Gray, deputy commissary -general at Albany, and proposing that James Gamble, who is now in the department with the grand army, may be appointed to conduct the business heretofore under the charge of Mr. Gray, until the settlement of Mr. Gray's accounts; whereupon, Resolved., That Congress approve of the said proposal; that the said commissary -general be directed to carry the same into effect, and Mr. Gray settle his accounts without loss of time. November 25, 1780. Resolved., . . . That the commissary-general of purchases be directed to form a sufficient magazine of provisions at Carlisle for the supply of the post. November 30, 1780. Resolved, That there be a commissary -general of purchases, whose duty shall be to purchase provisions under the direction of Congress, the Commander in Chief, or board of war; to call upon the principal State agents or commissioners for such supplies as their respective legislatures shall make provision for, and to keep up a regular corre- spondence with them, to the end that their prospects of furnishing such supplies may be fully known, of which correspondence he shall keep a fair and correct register, as well as of every other official trans- action;, to direct the quantities and species of provisions to be stored in the magazines of the several States, under the orders of the Com- mander in Chief, and cause the same to be forwarded to the Army, as occasion may require; for which purpose he is hereby empowered to call on the Quartermaster-General and the deputy quartermasters for the means of transportation; to make monthly returns to the Com- THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 317 mander in Chief and board of war of all persons employed by him, specifying for what time and on what terms; and of all provisions received in each month, from whom, from what State, and the quan- tities delivered to the issuing commissaries, their names, and at what posts; also of all provisions remaining on hand, at what magazines and in whose care; the returns to be made up to the last day of each month and forwarded as soon after as may be; to cause all his accounts with the United States to be closed annually, on the 1st day of Janu- ary, and laid before the board of treasury for settlement by the 1st day of March ensuing. That there be a deputy commissary of purchases for the southern army, appointed by the Commissary-General, whose duty shall be the same with respect to that army as that of the Commissary-General with the main army; he shall make his returns to the commanding officer of the southern army, and to the Commissary-General, to whom he shall be responsible. The Commissary-General and deputy commissary shall each appoint 1 assistant commissary, 1 superintendent of live stock, 2 clerks, and as many butchers, coopers, drovers, and laborers as may be necessary for conducting the business of the department, and shall have power to fix the pay of the butchers, coopers, drovers, and laborers, subject to the control of the board of war. That the pay of the several officers in the department be in the bills emitted in pursuance of the resolution of the 18th day of March last, as follows: The Commissary-General 177 dollars per month, 3 rations for him- self and servants, and fofage for 2 horses; deputy commissary 125 dollars per month, 2 rations for himself and servant, and forage for 2 horses. Assistant commissaries 75 dollars per month, 2 rations and forage for 1 horse. Superintendent of live stock 50 dollars per month, 1 ration and forage for 1 horse. Clerks 10 per month and 1 ration. Resolved^ That no officer appointed under the foregoing regulations be entitled to draw any pay unless he produce a certificate of his hav- ing taken the oaths prescribed by the resolution of February 3rd, 1778; Resolved., That Ephraim Blaine, esq., be continued commissary- general of purchases; That it be recommended to the several States immediately to inform the Commissarj^-General and deputy commissary of the names of their principal agents or commissioners, respectively, for supplying the Arm 3% and to oblige them to give information, from time to time, to the Commissary-General or the deputy commissary with the southern army, as the case may be, of their prospects, and how far they shall be able to comply with their requisitions; That the live stock to be furnished by the several States be deliv- ered to such storekeepers within each State, at such times and in such quantities as the Commissar3-General or deputy' commissar}^ shall direct, under the regulations contained in the act of Congress of the 15th of July last for the delivery of all other public property; That the storekeepers appointed b}- the deputy quartermasters be subject to the orders of the Commissary-General, to whom they are 818 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. to make monthly returns of all their receipts and deliveries, as far as respects his departments, and in such manner as he shall direct; That all the resolutions of Congress heretofore made respecting the department of the commissary-general of purchases be, and they are hereby, repealed. Felruary 17, 1781. Resolved, That the principal superintendent of bakers in the Army of the United States receive, in bills of the new emission 50 dollars per month and two rations a day, and forage for one horse; That the superintendent of bakers make I'egular monthly returns to the commissary-general of issues, and that he receive monies, from time to time, by warrants from the Commander in Chief out of the military chest, for payment of wages and carrying on the business of his department. That Mr. Christopher Ludwick, who has acted with great industry and integrity in the character of principal superintendent of bakers, be, and is hereby, continued in that employment, and that he be empowered to hire or enlist any number of bakers, not exceeding 30, on such terms as the board of war shall think proper; That Mr. Christopher Ludwick receive as a compensation for all past services, 1,000 dollars in bills of the new emission. Felruary W, 1781. Besolved, That the board of war be, and hereby are, directed to fur- nish the southern arm}^ with 10,000 suits of clothes, complete; . . . 8,000 knapsacks, 6,000 haversacks, 8,000 canteens, 700 camp kettles, 8,000 blankets. . . . March 27, 1781. — Congress accepted resignation of J. Wilkinson, clothier-general. April 17, 1781. Resolved, That the clothier-general, before he enters into office, shall give bond in such sum as the board of treasury shall think sufficient, with two or more sufficient sureties, for the due performance of his office, which bond shall be lodged in the treasury office. Congress proceeded to the election of a clothier-general; and the ballots being taken, Mr. John Mo3dan was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Burke. April 19, 1781. Whereas differences have arisen between . . . commissaries and persons claiming to be creditors of the United States for articles furnished by or taken from them and for services performed by them, for which no vouchers have been given or for which the vouchers may be lost, or, having vouchers, it is doubtful whether the account can be adjusted in either of the departments of the . . . Commissary- General; to remedy which. Resolved, That every such claim as aforesaid which shall have been submitted to the inspection of the Continental commissioners for audit- ing and adjusting accounts and by them certified shall, by the . . . THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 319 commissary, be allowed and may be paid, or eertiticatcs given for the same, in like manner as is directed in the act of Congress of the 26th of August, 1780. April 21, 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is hereby, authorized to remove from office or employment, for incapacity, neg- ligence, dishonesty, or other misbehavior, such persons, not immedi- ately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled, as are or may be officially entrusted with and immediately employed in the expenditure of the public supplies, stores, and other propert}^; . , . and such of the said persons as are or may be in his judgment unnec- essary, reporting to such authority, board, minister, or officer, to whom it may belong to supply the vacancy, the respective names of the per- sons so removed. That he l)e authorized to suspend from office or emploj'ment, for similar causes, persons officially emplo3"ed and entrusted as aforesaid immediately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled, reporting forthwith their names and the reason of suspension. Provided, that in all cases where any of the persons aforesaid are or may be amenable to the law martial, the superintendent, be and he is hereby, authorized and directed, if he shall deem it most expedient for the public service, to put them in arrest by order in writing and to appl}^ to the officer whose duty it may be to order a court-martial, and such officer is hereb}^ directed to order proceedings on the arrest accordingl3^ That in every case of suspension all pay and emoluments cease from the date thereof, unless the person suspended be, upon trial, acquitted and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the place when it ma}' be necessary by a temporary appointment, to con- tinue until the person suspended be restored or dismissed. That the aforesaid powers shall not be construed to interfere with the rank, commission, or military duty of any officer in the line of the Armj^, or those who may be duly entrusted with money for secret service by Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the Army, or com- manding officer of a separate department. That the powers aforesaid be exercised during the pleasure of Con- gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war. May 5, 1781. — "The honorable the Congress having by their resolve of the 17th of April lajdt appointed John Moylan, esq., clothier-general of the Army," etc. ( Orders, General Headquarters, New Windsor. ) Ju7ie 18, 1781. Resolved, That all State purchases of clothing on Continental account and all State appointments and regulations in the clothing department on Continental account be abolished on the first day of September; at or before which time the sub and agent clothiers are to deliver to the clothier-general or his order all clothing procured at Continental expense which they may then have on hand, taking his receipt therefor, a duplicate whereof to be transmitted to the treasur}^ office. * * •::• Resolved, That the clothier-general in the month of June, annually, make and deliver in to the board of war an estimate of clothing and disbursements for clothing for a year from the first day of November, 320 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. then next, that Congress may be enabled to furnish the proper sums and adopt the necessary measures for procuring the same. That all noncommissioned officers and soldiers who are or may hereafter bo enlisted during the war be annually furnished with one regimental coat, full made; one cloth vest; one pair of cloth breeches; one pair of woolen overalls; two pair of woolen hose; two pair of woolen socks; one felt hat or leather cap; four shirts; two pair of linen overalls; four pair of strong shoes; one blanket; one rifle shirt, and one pair of woolen gloves; also, one pair of shoe buckles and one stock clasp every two years. The dragoons to receive two pair of boots and one pair of spurs, instead of the shoes and buckles, annually; also a horseman's cloak every two years. That the Commander in Chief and the commanding general in a separate department, respectively, be, and hereby are, authorized to direct what clothing shall, from time to time, be dealt out to the artifi- cers and wagoners, having regard to the nature of their service and the terms of their contract, and time for which the}^ are engaged. That summer clothing be ready to be issued on the 15th day of April annually, and the winter clothing on the first day of November follow- ing, and be delivered at such time as the Commander in Chief or com- manding general in a separate department shall direct. That the clothier-general deal out the clothing regimentally, and keep regular accounts against the respective regimental clothiers, taking particular care to have the clothing equally and impartially distributed when it is found incompetent for the whole Army. That previous to the day of general issue the regimental clothiers settle their accounts with the clothier-general, and receive his certifi- cates of the arrearages of clothing due to their respective regiments, and present him with a return of the number of men for whom cloth- ing is to be drawn on the day of general issue; the said return to be examined and certified by the officer commanding their respective regiments, and signed by the brigadier or officer commanding the brigade. That all extra issues to detachments, or for accidental loss of cloth- ing, be by certificate of the commanding officer of the regiment or detachment to which the noncommissioned officers or soldiers in whose behalf such application is made shall belong; the said certificate being approved and signed by the Commander in Chief or commanding gen- eral of a separate army. That all issues of clothing be made from the magazines or places of general issue with the Army; and, to avoid the necessit}^ of detached issues, the officers commanding parties or detachments are to be answerable that they are supplied, so far as may be, from the maga- zines or stores at camp previous to their leaving the army to which they })elong. That no articles of clothing be issued by the clothier-general, his doputies or assistants, but by return and certificates made and approved as aforesaid. That no noncommissioned officer or soldier who is not engaged dur- ing the war, or for the term at least of one year, be furnished with any article of clothing. That the clothier-sreneral from time to time notifv the Pavmaster- THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 321 General of all surplusages of clothing-, specifying- the corps to which they belong, that stoppages be made therefor. That he make return to the board of war of all clothing on hand, and persons employed in the department, with the wages given to each, regularly, once in every two months. That the Quartermaster-General and his deputies in the several States shall, on the requisitions of the clothier-general, furnish the means of transportation of all articles of clothing from the places where imported, received, or purchased to the places of deposit; and a careful wagon master or conductor to be appointed by the Quartermaster- General or some of his deputies, shall proceed with the clothing, who shall be answerable for all deficiencies on the road, unless they shall be able to show that the same happened by unavoidable accidents and not through their misconduct or want of attention. That in case of injuries or deficiencies happening in the transporta- tion of clothing the clothier stationed at the magazine or place of deposit shall represent the matter to the nearest conmianding officer of the troops of the United States, that the wagon master or conductor having- hacl charge of the clothing so damaged or deficient may be tried by a court-martial, and, if found guilty, compelled to restore the goods lost, or their value, or make satisfaction for damages accrued through his negligence or mismanagement, or be punished according to the nature of the offence by judgment of the court-martial. That the clothier-general have the management, direction, and super- intendence of hides, subject to the orders of the board of war, with full l)ower to call for proper returns from such persons as have heretofore had the management of hides. That all commissaries make monthly returns to the clothier-general of the hides on hand, and that the Commissary-General make monthly returns to him of all the live cattle delivered over to the commissaries of the Army. That the Quartermaster-General or his deput}^, on the application of the clothier-general, or either of his deputies, furnish wagons for transporting raw or manufactured hides to such places as they shall direct. That the clothier-general, with the concurrence of the superintendent of finance, be authorized to appoint such number of persons to transact the business of the clothing department, during the pi^esent campaign, as they may, from time to time, find necessar}^, and /to ascertain their wages. That the clothier-general make monthly returns to the Commander in Chief. / That all resolutions heretofore passed respecting the clothing and hide departments inconsistent with this arrangement and the resolutions now passed be, and they are hereby, repealed. June 28, 1781. — "The commissary-general of issues will take effectual measures to procureasupplyof hard bread fortheArmy." {Orders, General Headquarters, PeekskiU. ) July 10, 1781.' Resoh^ed, That the superintendent of- finance be, and he is hereby, authorized, either by himself or such person or persons as he shall, ' Under tills resolution the commissariat system of subsisting the Army was dis- continued and the method of contracts for rations adopted iu its stead. S. Doc. 229 21 322 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. from time to time, appoint for the purpose, to procure on contract all nccessar}' supplies for the use of the Arm}' or armies of the United States, . . . and also the transportation thereof; . . . Jiihi 15, 1781. — "As it has been represented to the Commander in Chief that the quantity of fresh meat lately ordered to be drawn 1)y the troops will not keep during this hot season, he desires the Commissary-General may cause two days' allowance of salt beef to be issued to every regiment, which is to be put into the care of the regimental quartermaster, not to be delivered to the troops but by special order of the commanding officers of brigades, and that the troops be served daily with fresh beef." {Orders, General Headquarters, near DohUs Ferry.) Sejytetuher ,^., 1781. Hesolved., That all the clothing- . . . shipped in pursuance of the order of the Honorable John Laurens, special minister to the Court of Versailles, for the use of the United States, be, upon its arriv^al, delivered to the order of the board of war, who are hereby empow- ered and directed to take charge and direction of the same. September 25, 1781. — "The several issuing commissaries will be particularly careful in preserving all the sheepskins for the use of the artillery. They will Ije delivered on application to Mr. Thomas Jones, deputy field commissary of military stores." ( Orders, General Headquarters, WilUamshurgh. ) October 2, 1781. — "Salt provision is not to be issued without a general order but in cases of necessity." (Orders, General Headquarters, before York.) October 23, 1781. — "The biscuit taken from the enemy is not to be issued without a general order." {Orders, General Headquarters, near York.) October SO, 1781. — "The troops and British prisoners, except those in the hospital, to draw five days' allowance of corn beef. The commissary to issue with the beef half the quantity of salt allowed to fresh beef." {Orders, General Headquarters, near York. ) January 1, 1782. — " Contracts having been made for supplying troops of the United States at various posts with provisions, the officers are in the future not to draw any rations on public account, but will be paid in money at the close of each month the amount the several rations respectively allowed them by Congress, but for their greater convenience it is agreed that the contractors shall supply them with the whole or so many of the rations allowed as they may think proper to draw for, and the Pay- master-General or his deputy will at the close of every month settle with the con- tractors, and after paying them for such articles as the officers have drawn, pay each officer or the paymaster of his regiment the balance due him." {Orders, General Headquarters, Philadelphia. ) Januart/ 10, 1782. Resolved, . . . The Inspector-General, or inspector of a sepa- rate army, shall he authorized to call on the . . . clothier-gen- eral, ... or their deputies, for returns of the articles which have been issued from and returned to their several departments b}^ each corps, . . . Fehruary 11, 1782. Resolved, That the cloth ier-genoral be, and he is hereby, directed to agree for and purchase of the State of Massachusetts all such clothing as may have been, or shall be, provided by that State, before the open- ing of the ensuing campaign; and that he take charge of the said clothing, and that the amount thereof be passed b}^ the United States to the credit of the said State on the requisitions previous to the 30th day of October, 1781. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 323 April 10, 17S3. Resolved^ . . . That the clothier-general receive his instructions from the War Office, and that the distribution of clothing- for the Army- be made under the Secretary at War's directions. April ^^2, 1782. Resolved, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow- ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are entitled to from the Quartermaster's Department, . . . be, and they are hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of JMay next each officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations . . . affixed to their several ranks, viz: * * * Deputy clothier with the Army, 1 ration per day; ZH dollars per month. Ajrril 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the supcrnumerar}^ junior lieutenants, ])e3^ond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, bo reduced; . . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the staff departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respective ranks in the Army, and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence belonging to their rank in the line, as a compensation for their respective services in the staff, without any other allowance whatso- ever; . . . May 7, 1782. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance l)e, and hereby is, authorized to appoint an inspector for the main and southern army, to take care that the contracts for suppl>'ing rations be duly executed by the contractors; that the said inspectors shall also be, and they are hereb}^ fully empowered and directed to attend to the expenditures of public property in the several departments of the Army, and report any fraud, neglect of duty, or other misconduct by which the public property is wasted, or expense unnecessarily accumulated, so that the l)arty charged therew ith may bo tried by court-martial on such charges exhibited against him })y either of the said inspectors; and that neither the said inspectors nor the said contractors, or their property, be lial)le to arrest or subject to martial law, except by the express order of the Commander in Chief, or commander of the army to which the inspectors respectively shall be appointed, any resolution or act of Congress heretofore made notwithstanding; That the pay to each inspector be lG6f dollars per month, in full of all allowances; That each inspector, when appointed, shall take an oath for the faith- ful and im])artial execution of the trust r(^])osed in him as inspector of the contracts of the Army. 324 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. June n, 1782. ResoVded^ That the Secretaiy at War institute an immediate enquiry into the reasons which have delayed the arrival of clothing and other necessaries which have already been provided and sent on to the south ern army; and that he take every step in his power to discover the causes of dela}^ embezzlement, and other circumstances which have so frequently arrested the supplies of the southern army, and report thereon to Congress. Ordered^ That the superintendent of finance report to Congress the causes which have prevented the southern army being supplied by contracts. Angnst <§, IIS'B. Resolved, . . . That the Secretary at War and superintendent of tinance take order that proper magazines be laid up in the said fort [Fort Pitt], which may enable the commanding ofHcer, in case the said fort should be invested by the enem}^ to render it tenable until relieved. October 9, 1782. — "The honorable the superintendent of finance [has] by the fol- lowing commission {^omittedl appointed Ezekiel Cornell, esq., inspector for the main army for the purpose therein mentioned" [to take care that the contracts for sup- plying rations be truly executed]. {Orders, (n'veral Headrjimrters, Verplank^s Point.) October 15, 1182. — "The Commander in Chief directs the Army to be informed that, in consequence of instructions from the sujierintendent of tinance, the Honor- able Mr. Cornell hath entered into a contract with Messrs. Wadsworth & Carter to supply the main army, the garrison at West Point, and its dependencies with rations of provisions from the 16th insta,nt until the last day of December next, inclusive. All applications for provisions are therefore to be made to them or their agents; and no receipts or vouchers for the delivery of provisions are to be given except to them or persons issuing under their authority. The aforesaid contractors, Wadsworth & Carter, are to have the use of all commissary's storehouses, scales, and weights belonging to the public in the department, they taking care that the property of the former contractors be as little injured thereby as possible." {Orders, General Head- quarters, Verplank's Point.) Octohr 39, 1'7S<2. Resolved, That the Quartermaster-General ])o allowed 15 rations per day; That the deputy quartermaster M'ith the southern ai-iuy be allowed 12 rations per day; That all assistants in the Quartermaster's Department be allowed, each of them, two rations per day; That the wagon master, commissary of forage for the main army, and commissary of forage for the southern arnu' be each allowed five rations per day; That the deputy wagon master with the southern army be allowed four rations per day; That the wagon conductors be each of them allowed a ration and a half per day; That the directors of the artificers be allowed, each of them, three rations per day, and the subdirectors, each of them, two rations per day; And that the foregoing rations shall be inclusive of what the several officers aforesaid may be entitled to draw in the line of the Army. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 325 N'ovemher 12, 17S2. Resolved, That the geographer to the main army and the geographer to the southern department be each of them allowed . . . three rations per day, . . . [and] a servant, for whom they shall be enti- tled to draw one ration per day and the clothing allowed for a private soldier; That the assistant geographers ... be allowed . . . one ration per day, . . . November £6, 17 S2. — " The Commander in Chief has the pleasure of announcinu; that a delivery of two shirts per man will shortly ))e made to the whole Army." ( Orders, General Headqaarters, Neivlmrgh. ) December 2, 1782. — "Tlie abstracts of the subsistence of the Army, up to the time the contractor settled with the officers (whose certificate is then to be taken), are to be sent to the deputy paymaster at the Forge, near Murderer's Creek, as soon as possible." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgli.) December 23, 1782. — "The difficulty of transportation having delayed a considerable proportion of the shirts, which are ready-made in Philadelphia and which may now soon be expected, those which have arrived are to be drawn for by lot." — {Orders, General Headquarters, Newhurgh. ) December 28, 1782. — "Allowance of subsistence money to be supplied the officers in lieu of rations for themselves and servants, without arms, according to an act of Congress of the 3d December, 1782." Different grades and officers. Daily number of ra- tions. Number of serv- ants without arms. Monthly allow- ance in lieu of rations. Major-general Brigadier Lt. colonel Majors, brigade majors, and a. d. c., not of the line Captains Subaltern Surgeon's mate Quartermaster-General Deputy q. m. genl. with the main army Deputy q. m. genl. with the southern army AssistMii t iinartermasters A(ljutinit-(;fiuTrtl Assistants to the Adjt. Genl Deimt y adjutant-general Commissary of prisons Diputy iMimsy. j)risons, southern army Intendrnts of prisoners ". ,Iudt,'c-aii vocates Deputy judge-advocate, southern army Wag( III master Deputy wagon master, southern army Deputy paymaster, main army Deputy ]iaymasti'r, southern army Field commissary military stores Deputy tield commissary military stores, southern army Conductors and clerks ." Directors of artificers Deputy clotliier with the Army Deputy jiost master with the Xrmy Geograplurs to the main and southern armies, each Assistant Kcof^rnphers ('(jmniissary of forage Dciiuiy commissary of forage, southern army Deputy ticld commissary military stores, West Point S76 64 •21 20 12 8 8 76 32 04 8 64 20 32 28 28 16 28 28 24 20 16 28 12 12 6 12 8 4 16 4 24 20 8 (Orders, General Headquarters, Neivburgh.) January 3, 1783. — Duplicate accounts of the subsistence of departments and gen- eral officers' family, to be signed by the heads of the departments and general officers." {Orders, General Headquarters, Xewburgli.) February 25, 1783. — "The contractors for the Army having desired that, agreeably to contract, a person might be appointed to inspect the cattle destined for the Army, 326 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Henry Wykoff, esq., of Fishkill, is appointed for that purpose until the pleasure of the superintendent of finance shall be known." {Orden^, G'eneral Headquarters, Newhurgh. ) March 19, 178S. — "The contractors are requested to have an ample supply of vine- gar, that the issue of that article may be regular as soon as the warm weather com- mences." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newhurgh.) March 84, 1783. — "It is recommended to the troops to make regimental gardens for the purpose of raising greens and vegetables for their own use, and, in order to collect a sufticient quantity of seeds, commanding officers of regiments will give passes to as many trusty soldiers as they may judge necessary to go into the country and be absent not exceeding ten days. The General hopes he shall see a suitable attention bestowed on an article which will contribute so much to the comfort and health of the troops. He even flatters himself it will become a matter of amusement and of emulation. The Quartermaster-General is also desired to advertise in the newspapers, giving proper invitation and encouragement to those who may be disposed to sender bring in garden seeds of all kinds to his office, which will be equitably divided and faithfully a>pplied to the soldiery." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newhurgh.) April 1;?, 1783. — "Application is to be made to the assistant clothier-general for another distribution of shirts; also, returns to be given in to him of the men who have not received hats for the last year." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newhurgh.) Ajrril 17, 17S3. Resolved, That immediate measures be taken for the sale of . . . all such articles in the several military departments as may not be nec- essary for tlie use of the Army, previous to its reduction, or for the formation of magazines on a peace establishment. January '21^, 178^. Resolved, That the principals in the several departments of . . . clothier, . . . be, and they are hereby, ordered to transmit, as soon as may be, to the War Office, to be laid before Congress, exact returns of all the stores in their respective departments, specifying the quantity and quality of each article, where deposited, in whose care, and in what manner secured. February 23, 1785. Resolved, That the . . . commissary of purchases, commissary of issues, ... be required, without delay, to forward to the board of treasury or to the Comptroller a list of their respective dep- uties who have been Ci\x\y authorized to issue certilicates. Septemher 6, 1785. Ordered, That the Secretary at War, as soon as may be, cause to be made and transmitted to Congress an exact return of all . . . wagons, tents . . . and public stores, or property of every descrip- tion, the custod}' of which is charged on the Department of War, distinguishing the quantity or number, quality, and kind of each, and the several places of their deposits; and that he transmit a like return on the lirst Monday in January and the first Monday in July annually. Octoher «?, 1788. The committee, consisting of Mr. Howard, Mr. Few, Mr. Dayton, Mr. Oilman, and Mr. Carrington, appointed to make full inquiry into THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 327 the proceedings in the Department of War, beg leave to report and to present to the view of Congress a summary statement of the various branches of the Department of War. 2d. — OF THE CLOTHING FOR THE TROOPS. The .roops enlisted in 1785 have already received two complete suits, and most of them have one year's clothing, complete, due to them. Provision was made for the 3d year's clothing, but the Secretary at War has been constrained to apply it for the recruits; otherwise they could not have been enlisted, good clothing being the greatest induce- ment for a recruit to enlist into the service. The board of treasury have advertised for a contract for clothing, and hope to succeed, in which case the old soldiers who have reen- listed will receive their third suit in October next. Those of this description who will be discharged will probably prefer a compensa- tion in money to the clothing. The troops on the frontiers enlisted in 1786 have also received two suits of clothing, and will, if the board of treasury succeed in their contract, duly receive their third suit. The two companies of artillery raised in Massachusetts have received only one 3^ear's clothing; they will probably receive their second suit in the ensuing October. GtH. — OF THE MODE IN WHICH THE TROOrS ARE FURNISHED AVITH PROVISIONS. In the year 1785 Mr. James O'Hara made a contract w4th the board of treasury for furnishing the several posts on the frontiers with rations, which were to consist of — One pound of beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork. One pound of bread or flour. One gill of common rum. One quart of salt, 1 Two quarts of vinegar, \ _e -• 13i ninetieths of a dollar. Harmar, ) The contract was performed tolerably well; some complaints were made respecting particular posts, but the defects were, perhaps, insepa- ral)ly connected with the state of the frontiers and of public ati'airs. In 1786 a contract was formed by the board of treasury for the same objects with Messrs. Turnbull, Marmie & Co., the articles of the ration to consist of the same as the preceding, and the prices thereof. At Fort Pitt, lOi ninetieths of a dollar. M'Intosh, I -,-, 1 1V+ TT ' r 11^ ditto. Harmar, j There were some stipulations for payment l)y Avarrants on the State 328 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. of Pennsylvania, which were paid in the paper currency by the said State when greatly depreciated. This contract was ill executed, and the mode of payment was assigned by the contractors as the reason. 1787, a contract was formed by the board of treasury with Mr. James O'Hara at the prices herein stated: Fort Pitt, 9i ninetieths of a dollar. IVrintosh, lOi ditto. Harmar, Hi ditto. Rapids of the Ohio, 13i ninetieths of a dollar. Venango, 14 ditto. This contract was better executed than any of the f oi-mer. The pay- ments were generally made in warrants on New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. A new contract has been formed, to take effect from the 1st of July of the present year to the end of the year 1789. by Messrs. Elliot and Williams, of Maryland, at the following prices: The terms of payment, by warrants on Maryland. Fort Pitt, 7 ninetieths of a dollar. M'Intosh, the same. Harmar, the same. Rapids of the Ohio, 7i ninetieths of a dollar. Post Vincennes, 16 ditto. Venango, 9 ditto. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of April 30, 1790 {1 Stats., 119). AN ACT for regulating tlie military establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 9. That every noncommissioned officer, private, and musician aforesaid shall receive annually the following articles of uniform clothing: One hat or helmet, one coat, one vest, two pair of woolen and two pair of liiien overalls, four pair of shoes, four shirts, two pair of socks, one blanket, one stock and clasp, and one pair of buckles. Sec. 10. That every noncommissioned officer, private, and musician aforesaid shall receive daily the following rations of provisions, or the value thereof: One pound of beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork, one pound of bread or flour, half a gill of rum, brandy, or whiskey, or the value thereof at the contract price when the same shall become due, and at the rate of one quart of salt, two quarts of vinegar, two pounds of soap, and one pound of candles to every hundred rations. Act of May 8, 1792 {1 Stats., 279). AN ACT making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments. * * . * Sec. 5. That all purchases and contracts for supplying the Army with provisions, clothing, . . . and all other supplies or articles for the use of the Department of War be made by or under the direc- tion of the Treasury Department. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 329 Act of June 7, 170^ {1 Stats., 390). AN ACT in addition to the "Act for making further and more effectual i:)rovi8ion for the protection of the frontiers of the United States." * * * Sec. 3. That to such of the troops as are or ma}' be cmplo\^ed on the frontiers, and under such special circumstances as in the opinion of the President of the United States may require an augmentation of some parts of their rations, the President be authorized to direct such augmentation as he may judge necessary, not exceeding four ounces of beef, two ounces of flour, and half a gill of rum or whiskey in addition to each ration, and half a pint of salt to one hundred rations. Act of January 3, 17 95 {1 Stats., pS). AN ACT to regulate the pay of the noncommissioned officers, musicianp, and pri- vates of the militia of the United States, when called into actual service, and for other purposes. * * -X- Sec. 6. That to those in the military service of the United States, who are, or shall be employed on the western frontiers, there shall be allowed, during the time of their being so employed, two ounces of flour or bread, and two ounces of beef or pork, in addition to each of their rations, and half a pint of salt, in addition to every hundred of their rations. Act of Fefyniary £5, 1795 {1 Stats., U9). AN ACT to establish the office of Purveyor of Public Supplies.' Sec. 1. That there shall ho, in the Department of the Treasury an officer to be denominated "Purveyor of Pu])lic Supplies," whose duty it shall be, under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of the Treasury, to conduct the procuring and providing of all . . provisions, clothing, . . . and generally all articles of supply requisite for the service of the United States. . . . Act of March 3, 1795 {1 Stats., 4.30). AN ACT for continuing and regulating the military establishment of the United States, and for repealing sundry acts heretofore passed on that subject. * * * Sec. 7. That every noncommissioned officer, private, or musician of the artillery and infantry shall receive, annually, the following arti- cles of uniform clothing, to wit: One hat or helmet, one coat, one vest, two pair of woolen and two pair of linen overalls, four pair of shoes, four shirts, two pair of socks, one blanket, one stock and clasp, and one pair of buckles. And that there be furnished to the cavalry and riflemen such clothing as shall be most suitable and best adapted to the nature of the service, having regard therein, as nearly as may be, to the value of the clothing allowed as above, to the infantry and artillery. Sec. 8. That every noncommissioned officer, private, and musician shall receive daily the following rations of provisions, to wit: One 1 Abolished, after ]\Iay :?1, 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812. 330 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. pound of beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork, one pound of bread or flour, half a gill of rum, brandy, or whiskey, and at the rate of one quart of salt, two quarts of vinegar, two pounds of soap, and one pound of candles to every hundred rations, or the value thereof, at the contract price, when the same shall become due; and if at such posts supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former contracts and the position of the place in question. Sec. 9. That to those in the military service of the United States. who are or shall be employed on the western frontiers there shall be allowed during the time of their being so employed two ounces of flour or bread and two ounces of beef or pork in addition to each of their rations, and half a pint of salt in addition to every hundred of their rations. Act of May 30, 179G {1 Stats., 483). AN ACT to ascertain and fix the military estaljlishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 8. That every noncommissioned officer, private, or musician of the artillery and infantry shall receive annually the following articles of uniform clothing, to wit: One hat, one coat, one vest, two pair of woolen and two pair of linen overalls, four pair of shoes, four shirts, four pair of socks, one blanket, one stock and clasp, and one pair of buckles. Sec. 9. That suitable clothing be provided for the dragoons, adapted to the nature of the service, and conformed as near as may be to the value of the clothing allowed to the infantry and artillery. Sec. 10. That every noncommissioned officer, private, and musician shall receive daily the following rations of provisions, to wit: One pound of beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork, one pound of bread or flour, half a gill of rum, brandy, or whiskey; and at the rate of one quart of salt, two quarts of vinegar, two pounds of soap, and one pound of candles to every hundred rations. Sec. 11.^ That to those in the military service of the United States who are or shall be employed on the western frontiers there shall be allowed, during the time of their being so emplo3'ed, two ounces of flour or bread and two ounces of beef or pork in addition to each of the rations, and half a pint of salt in addition to every hundred of their rations. Act of July 16, 1798 (1 Stats., 604). AN ACT to augment the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 6. . . . That everj?- noncommissioned officer, private, and musician shall receive daily the following rations of provisions, to wdt: One pound and a quarter of beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread or flour, a gill of rum, brandy, or 1 Repealed by the act of March 3, 1797 (1 Stats., 507). THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 331 whiskey; and at the rate of two quarts of salt, four quarts of vinegar, four pounds of soap, and one pound and a-half of candles to every hundred rations. Act of July 16, 17 9S {1 Stats., 610). AN ACT to alter and amend the several acts for the establishment and re,u;nlation of the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments. * * x- Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . . service of the United States shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officers of the departments of War . . . and all agents or contractors for supplies or services as afore- said shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountants of the proper department for which such supplies or services are required, subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury in manner before prescri])ed. Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the purvej^or of public supplies to execute all such orders as he may from time to time receive from the Secretary of Wai- . . . relative to the procuring- and provid- ing of all kinds of stores and supplies, and shall render his accounts relative thereto to the accountants of the proper departments, which accounts shall be subject to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury as aforesaid. Sec. 5. That the provisions of the act passed on the eighth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety -two, intituled "An act making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments," and the act passed on the twenty-third day of Februar}^ one thousand seven hundred and ninetj^-iive, intituled ''"An act to establish the office of purveyor of public supplies," so far as the same are repugnant to the provisions of this act, be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Sec. 6. That all contracts to be made b}^ virtue of this act, or of any law of the United States, and requiring the advance of money, or to be in any manner connected with the settlement of public accounts, shall be deposited in the office of the Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States within ninety da3^s after their dates, respectively. Act of March 3, 1799 {1 Stats, 74.9). AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 19. That a ration of provisions shall henceforth consist of eighteen ounces of bread or flour, or when neither can be obtained, of one quart of rice or one and a half pound of sifted or bolted Indian meal, one pound and a quarter of fresh beef or one pound of salted beef, or three-quarters of a pound of salted pork, and when fresh meat is issued, salt at the rate of two quarts for every hundred rations, soap at the rate of four pounds, and candles at the rate of a pound and a half for every hundred rations : Provided, always. That there shall be no diminution of the ration to which any of the troops now in service may be entitled by the terms of their enlistment. Sec. 20. That every noncommissioned officer, private, artificer, and 332 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. musician of the artillery and infantry shall receive annually the fol- lowing articles of uniform clothing, to wit: One hat, one coat, one vest, two pair of woolen and two pair of linen overalls, four pair of shoes, four shirts, four pair of socks, one blanket, one stock and clasp, and one pair of buckles. Sec. 21. That suitable clothing be provided for the dragoons, adapted to the nature of the service and conformed as near as may be to the value of the clothing allowed to the infantry and artillery. Sec. 22. . . . that whenever supplies thereof shall be on hand there shall be issued to the troops vinegar at the rate of two quarts for every hundred rations. * * * Sec. 24. That it shall be lawful for the Secretary of War to cause to be provided, in each and every year, all clothing . . . neces- sary for the troops and armies of the United States for the succeeding year, and for this purpose to make purchases, and enter, or cause to be entered into, all necessary contracts or obligations for effecting the same. Act of March 16, 1802 (2 Stats., 132). AN ACT fixing tlie military peace et^tahlishment of the United States. -X- -X- * Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . three military agents and such number of assistant military agents^ as the President of the United States shall deem expedient, not exceeding one to each military post, which assistants shall be taken from the line. . Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officer ... be as follows, to wit: ... to each assistant military agent, eight dollars, in addition to his pay in the line, except the assistant military agents at Pittsburg and Niagara, who shall receive sixteen dollars each, in addi- tion to their pay in the line. . . . Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall Ije entitled to receive, for their daily subsistence, the following number of rations of provisions: A colonel, six rations; a lieutenant-colonel, live rations; a major, four rations; a captain, three rations; a lieutenant, two rations; an ensign, two rations; a surgeon, three rations; a surgeon's mate, two rations; a cadet, two rations, or money in lieu thereof at the option of said officers and cadets at the posts respectively, when the rations shall become due; and if at such post supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former contracts and the position of the place in question; and each noncommissioned officer, musician, and private, one ration; to the com- manding officers of each separate post, such additional number of rations as the President of the United States shall from time to time direct, having respect to the special circumstances of each post; to the women who may be allowed to an}^ particular corps, not exceeding the proportion of four to a company, one ration each; to such matrons and nurses as may be necessarily employed in the hospital, one ration ^ It is assumed that the assistant military agents at posts performed duty in both the Subsistence and the Quartermaster's Departments. This section assigns to pay- masters charge of the clothing of the troops. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 333 each; and to every noncommissioned officer who shall keep one servant, not a soldier of the line, one additional ration. Sec. 6. That each ration shall consist of one pound and a quarter of beef or three quarters of a pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread or flour, one gill of rum, whiskey, or brandy, and at the rate of two quarts of salt, four qviarts of vinegar, four pounds of soap, and one pound and a half of candles to every hundred rations. * * * Sec. 8. That every noncommissioned officer, musician, and private of the artillery and infantry shall receive annually the following articles of uniform clothing, to wit: One hat, one coat, one vest, two pair of woolen and two pair of linen overalls, one coarse linen frock and trousers for fatigue clothing, four pair of shoes, four shirts, two pair of socks, two pair of short stockings, one blanket, one stock and clasp, and one pair of half gaithers; and the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to cause to be furnished to the paymasters of the respective districts such surplus of clothing as he may deem expedient, which clothing shall, under his direction, be furnished to the soldiers, when necessarj^, at the contract prices, and accounted for by them out of their arrears of monthly pay. * * * Act of March, m, ISOJ^ (^ Stats., 290). AN ACT ill addition to "An Act for fixing tlie military establiwluneiit of the United States." Sec. 2. That an equivalent in malt liquor or low wines ma}'' be sup- plied the troops of the United States instead of the rum, whiskey, or brandy which by the said act is made a component part of the ration at such posts and garrisons, and at such seasons of the year as in the opinion of the President of the United States may be necessary to the preservation of their health. Act of April m, 1808 {2 Stats., 481). aN act to raise for a limited time an additional military force. * * * Sec. 6. That the subsistence of the officers of the Army, when not received in kind, shall be estimated at twenty cents per ration. Act of January 11, 1813 (2 Stats., 671). j\JN ACT to raise an additional military force. * * * Sec. 8. That each ration shall consist of one pound and a quarter of beef, or three-(|uarters of a pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread or flour, one gill of rum, whiskey, or brandy, and at the rate of two quarts of salt, four quarts of vinegar, four pounds of soap, and one pound and a half of candles to every hundred rations. 334 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF \j. S. ARMY. Sec. 0. That ev^ery noncommissioned officer, musician, and private of the artillery and infantry shall receive annually the following' arti- cles of uniform clothing, to wit: One hat, one coat, one vest, two pair of woolen and two pair of linen overalls, one coarse linen frock and trousers for fatigue clothing, four pair of shoes, four shirts, two pair of socks, two pair of short stockings, one blanket, one stock and clasp, and one pair of half gaithers. And the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to cause to be furnished to the paymasters of the respective districts such surplus of clothing as he may deem expedient. Act of March 17, 18P2 {2 Stats., 695). AN ACT supplementary to "An Act to raise an additional military force." That the noncommissioned officers, musicians, and privates of the light dragoons shall receive the same uniform clothing as is now pro- vided by law for the artillery and infantry, excepting one pair of gaithers and four pair of shoes, in lieu of which each person shall be annually entitled to receive one pair of boots and two pair of shoes. Sec. 2. That the noncommissioned officers, musicians, and privates of the regiment of light artillery shall receive the same clothing as the light dragoons when ordered to be mounted. Marches, 1812 {2 Stafs., 096). AN ACT to establish a (Quartermaster's Dejiartment, and for other purposes. Sec. 4. That there shall be a commissary-general of purchases, and as many deputy commissaries as in the opinion of the President of the United States the public service may require, to be appointed bj^ the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Sec. 6. That it shall be the duty of the commissary -general of pur- chases, under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of War, to conduct the procuring and providing of all arms, military stores, clothing, and generally all articles of supply requisite for the military service of the United States; and it shall ])e the duty of the deputy conmiissaries, when directed thereto either l)y the Secretary of W^ar, the conuuissary-general of purchases, or, in cases of necessity, by the commanding general, Quartermaster-Cjeneral, or deputy quartermas- ters, to purchase all such of the aforesaid articles as may be requisite for the military service of the United States. Sec. 6. That neither . . . the Commissary-General shall, directly or indirectly, be concerned or interested in carrying on the business of trade or commerce, or bo owner, in whole or in part, of any sea vessel; nor shall cither of them purchase, by himself or other in trust for him, public lands or any other public property, or be concerned in the purchase or disposal of any pviblic securities of any State or of the United States, or take or apply to his own use any emolument or gain for negotiating or transacting any business in the said department other than what shall be allowed by law; and if . . . the said . . . Commissary-General shall oil'end against any of the THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 335 prohibitions of this act, the parties so offending- shall upon conviction forfeit to the United States the penalty of three thousand dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding five years, and shall be removed from office, and be forever thereafter incapable of holding any office under the United States. Sec, 7. That the salary of the commissary-general of purchases shall be three thousand dollars per annum, and the compensation to a deputy commissary shall not exceed two and one-half per centum on the public moneys disbursed by him, nor in any instance the sum of two thousand dollars per annum. Sec, 8, That the commissary-general of purchases shall, before he enters upon his duties, give bond with sufficient sureity, to be approved of In^ the Secretary of War, in the sum of fifty thousand dollars, and the deputy commissaries each in the sum of ten thousand dollars, with condition for the faithful performance of the duties of their office, respectively^, which bonds shall bo lodged with the Comptroller of Treasur}^. Sec, 9, That from and after the last day of May next so much of the act entitled ""An act to establish the office of purveyor of pu])lic sup- plies" , , . be, and the same is hereby, repealed, and in the meantime the purve3"or shall deliver over to the Commissary-General or one of his deputies the public stores and property of all sorts in his possession, who shall receipt to him for the same. Sec, 10, That all letters and packets to and from the . . . Commissary-General shall be free from postage. * -x- * Sec. 18. That this act shall go into operation on the first day of April next. . . . Sec. 19. That all persons attached to the public service by virtue of this act shall be subject to military law, except the deputy com- missaries. Sec. 20. That the President may, and herel)y is authorized, in the recess of the Senate, to appoint ithe . . . Commissary-General and deputy commissaries, or any of them, which appointments shall be submitted to the Senate at their next session for their advice and consent. Act of Mat/ i2^, ISl'^ {)'i Stats. ^ 7Jf2). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act to establisli a Qnarterinaster'n Depart- ment, and for other purposes." That neither , . . the Commissary-General nor any or either of their deputies or assistant deputies shall be concerned, directly or indi- rectly, in the purchase or sale, for commercial purposes, of any article intended for making a part of, or appertaining to their respective departments, except for and on account of the United States; nor shall they, or either of them, take or apply to his or their own use any gain or emolument for negotiating or transacting any business in their . . . departments, other than what is or may be allowed by law. •X- * * Sec, 5, That the sixth section of the act hereby amended bo, and the same is hereby, repealed. 336 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 3, 1813 {2 Stat.'^., 816). AN ACT the better to provide for the suppUes of the Army of the United States, and for the acconntabihty of persons entrusted with the same. Sec. 2. The superintendent-general of military supplies^ shall pre- scribe the form of all the returns and accounts of such stores and sup- plies purchased, on hand, distributed, used, or sold, to be rendered by . . . the commissary-general of purchases and his deputies. . . . Sec. 3. That the commissary-general of purchases and his deputies . . . shall render quarterly accounts of the disposition and state of all such stores and supplies to the superintendent aforesaid; and shall also make such other returns respecting the same, and at such other times, as the Secretary" for the War Department may prescribe: Pro- vided., ko^mver., That' the accounts and returns thus rendered shall relate to the articles of supply only which may have been received and disposed of, or as may remain on hand, and shall not embrace the specie accounts for moneys disbursed by such officers, agents, or other persons; which specie accounts shall be rendered, as heretofore, to the accountant for the War Department. Sec. 4. That the officers . . . who may receive money in advance from the War Department shall render quarterly accounts to the accountant of the said Department of their specie receipts and disburse- ments, and shall, moreover, make such other monthly summary state- ments thereof to the Secretar}^ of the said Department as he may prescribe. And the quarterly accounts of supplies, or of moneys ren- dered as aforesaid, shall be respectively settled by the superintendent- general of military supplies and by the accountant of the War Department, according to their respective authorities, within three months after the time when such accounts shall have, respectively, been rendered to them. Sec. 5. That the Secretary for the War Department shall be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to dehne and prescrilje the species, as well as the amount, of supplies to be respectively purchased by the Commissary-General's . . . departments, and the respective duties and powers of the said departments respecting such purchases. ■X- * * Sec. 8. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, empowered, as he may deem it expedient, either to appoint for the time being a special commissary or commissaries for the purpose of supplying, by purchase or contract, and of issuing, or to authorize any officer or officers in the Quartermaster-General's Department to supply and issue, as aforesaid, the whole or any part of the subsistence of the Army in all cases where, either from the want of contractors, or from any deficiency on their part, or from any other contingenc}^ such measure may bo proper and necessary in order to insure the sub- sistence of the Army, or any part thereof; and such special conunis- saries shall, each, wh ilst employed, 1 )e entitled to the pay and emoluments of a deputy quartermaster-general. 1 The superintendent-general of military supplies, authorized to be appointed under this act, was not a staff officer, but a civilian, with a salary of $3,000 ]ier annum. His duties were to keep proper accounts of all military stores and sui)plies of every description purcliased for the Army, the volunteers, and the militia, and to prescribe forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies, etc THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 337 Sec. 9. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint not exceeding six assistant commissaries, to be attached to such Army, or to reside at such places, respectively, as the Secretary for the War Department may direct, for the purpose of receiving from the commissary-general of purchases, or from his depu- ties, and of distributing to the regimental quartermasters, and to such officers as may ))y the Secretary aforesaid be designated, the clothing and other supplies purchased by the Commissary-General aforesaid, or his deputies, and destined for the use of the troops belonging to the Army, or in the vicinity of the place to which such assistant commis- saries may, respectively, be attached. And said assistant commissaries shall, whilst employed, be entitled to the pay and emoluments of a deputy quartermaster-general. Aci of March SO, 181 J^ {3 Stats., 113). AN ACT for the better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 8, That the President of the United States l)c, and ho is hereby, authorized to prescribe the (quantity and kind of clothing to be issued annuall}' to the troops of the United States. Act of Decemher lb, I8IJ4. {3 Stats., 151). AN ACT directing the staff officers of the Army to comply with the requisitions of naval and marine officers in certain cases. That it shall be the dut\^ of the several officers of the staff of the Army of the United States to provide the officers, seamen, and marines of the Navy of the United States, when acting, or proceeding to act, on shore, in cooperation with the land troops, upon the requisition of the commanding naval or marine officer of any such detachment of seamen or marines, under order to act as aforesaid, with rations: . . . Provided, nevertheless. That the contract price of the rations which may be furnished shall be reimbursed out of the appropriations for the support of the Navy. May 17, 181.5. — . . . The acts of Congress establishing . . . the office of the commissary -general of purchases, . . . remain in force. . . . {General Orders, A. and I. O.'s Office.) Act of April U, 1816 (3 Stats., 297). AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 5. That the purchasing department shall consist of one com- missary-general of purchases, as heretofore authorized, with the annual salary of three thousand dollars, and one deputy commissary to each division, with the annual salary of two thousand dollars, and six assist- ant commissaries of issues, with the annual salary of one thousand three hundred dollars, and as many military storekeepers as the service S. Doc. 229 22 338 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. may require, whose salaries shall be regulated by the Secretary of War, according to the duties they may perform: Provided^ That the pay and emoluments shall not exceed that of a captain of infantry. Sec. 6. That all officers of the . . . commissary department shall, previous to their entering on the duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, fully to account for all moneys and public property which they may receive, in such sum as the Secretary of War shall direct. And all . . . commissaries and storekeepers shall be subject to the rules and articles of war, in the same manner as commissioned officers: Provided cdso, That all officers of the . . . commissary's depart- ments be submitted to the Senate for their confirmation, in the same manner as the officers of the Army. Sec. 7. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to prescribe the quantity and kind of clothing to be issued annually to the troops of the United States: . . . Provided also, That the manner of issuing and accounting for clothing shall be estab- lished in the general regulations of the War Department. Act of April U, 1818' {3 Stats, 4^6). AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army. * * * Sec. 6. That as soon as the state of existing contracts for the sub- sistence of the Army shall, in the opinion of the President of the United States, permit it, there shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, one Commissary-Gen- eral, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of ordnance, who shall, before entering on the duties of his office, give bond and security, in such sum as the President may direct; and as many assist- ants, to be taken from the subalterns of the line, as the service may require, who shall receive twenty dollars per month in addition to their pay in the line, and who shall, before entering on the duties of their office, give bond and security, in such sums as the President may direct. The Commissary-General and his assistants shall perform such duties, in purchasing and issuing of rations to the Army of the United States, as the President may direct. Sec. T. That supplies for the Arm3^ unless in particular and urgent cases the Secretary of War should otherwise direct, shall ])c pur- chased by contract, to be made by the Commissar3'-Gencral on public notice, to be delivered on inspection, in the bulk, and at such places as shall bo stipulated; which contract shall be made under such regu- lations as the Secretary of War may direct. Sec. 8. That tlie President may make such alterations in the com- ponent parts of the ration as a due regard to the health and comfort of the Army and economy may require. Sec. 9. That the Commissary-General and his assistants shall not be concerned, directly or indirectly, in the purchase or sale, in trade or commerce, of any article entering into the composition of the ration 'The act of January 23, 1823 (3-721) continued sections 7, 8, 9, and 10 of this act in force for five years and until the end of the next session of Congress thereafter; continued in force until repealed, act of March 3, 1835 (4-780). THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 339 allowed to the troops in the service of the United States, nor shall such officer take and apply to his own use any gain or emolument for negotiating- or transacting anj^ business connected with the duties of his office, other than what is or may be allowed ])y law; and the Cora- missarj'-Generai and his assistants shall be subject to martial law. Sec. 10. That all letters to and from the Commissary-General which may relate to his office duties shall be free from postage: Provided^ That the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth sections of this act shall continue and be in force for the term of fivej^ears from the pass- ing of the same, and thence until the end of the next session of Con- gress, and no longer. Act of May 1, ISW (-? Stats., 567). AN ACT in addition to the several acts for tlie establishment of the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments. * * * Sec. 6. That no contracts shall hereafter be made by the Secretary of . . the Department of War, . . . except under a law authorizing the same, or imder an appropriation adequate to its ful- filhnent; and excepting also contracts for the subsistence and clothing of the Army . . . which may be made by the secretaries of those departments. Act of March 2, 1S9A {3 Stats., 615). AN ACT to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 8. That there shall be one Commissary -General of Subsistence; and that there shall be as many assistant commissaries as the service may require, not exceeding fifty, who shall be taken from the sub- alterns of the line, and who shall, in addition to their pay in the line, receive a sum not less than ten nor more than twenty dollars per month; and that the . . . assistant commissaries of subsistence shall be subject to duties in both departments [and Quartermaster's Depart- ment] under the orders of the Secretary of War. Sec. y. That there shall be . . . one commissary-general of purchases and two military storekeepers, to be attached to the purchas- ing department. "^ Act of March 3, 189.5 (.^. Stats., mi). AN ACT to authorize the sale of unserviceable ordnance, arms, and military stores. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to cause to be sold any . . . military stores or subsistence . . . supplies which, upon proper inspection or survey, shall appear • Section 5 of this act authorizes the President to direct a portion of the moneys api)ropriated respectively for the service of the Quartermaster's, Subsistence, and Medical Departments to be applied to any other of the above-mentioned branches of expenditure. ^The salary of the two storekeepers was lixed at $1,200 by the act of August 23, 1842 (5-512). 340 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. to be damaged or otherwise unsuitahle for the public service, whenever, in his opinion, the sale of such unserviceable stores will be advantageous to the public service. Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of the unserviceable stores shall be made by an inspector-general, or such other officer or officers as the Secretary of War may appoint for that purpose; and the sales shall be made under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War. Aet of May 18, 1826 (^ Stats., 173). AN ACT regulating the accountability for clothing and equipage issued to the Army of the United States and for the better organization of the Quartermaster's Depart- ment. That it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster's Department, in addition to its present duties, to receive from the purchasing depart- ment and distribute to the Army of the United States all clothing and camp and garrison equipage required for the use of the troops. . . . * * * Act of March 2, 1827 (4- Stats., 238). AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department. * * * Sec. 4. That the . . . Commissary-General ... be author- ized to frank and to receive letters and packets by post free of postage. . . . Act of March 2, 1829 (^ Stats., 360). AN ACT to continue the present mode of supplying the Army of the United States. That the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth sections of the act entitled "An act regulating the staff of the Army of the United States," passed April the fourteenth, eighteen hundred and eighteen, and the eighth section of the act entitled "An act to reduce and fix the military peace establishment of the United States," passed March the second, eighteen hundred and twenty-one, are hereby continued in force for five years from the passing of this act, and thence to the end of the next session of Congress thereafter, and no longer. Sec. 2. That the better to enable the Commissary-General of Subsist- ence to carry into effect the provisions of the above specified acts there be appointed two connnissaries, to be taken from the line of the Army, one of whom shall have the same rank, pay, and emoluments as quar- termaster, and the other with the rank, pay, and emoluments of assist- ant quartermaster. Act of June 30, 183 J^ (^ Stats., 735). AN ACT to provide for the organization of the Department of Indian Affairs. * * * Sec. 16. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to cause such rations as he shall judge proper, and as can be spared from THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 341 the army provisions without injury to the service, to be issued, under such regulations as he shall think tit to establish, to Indians who may visit the militar}^ posts or agencies of the United States on the fron- tiers, or in their respective nations, and a special account of such issues shall be kept and rendered. Resolution of FthraaTu i, 1836 {5 Stats., 131). RESOLUTION authorizing tlie President to furninh rations to certain inhabitants of Florida. That the President of the United States be authorized to cause rations to bo delivered from the public stores to the unfortunate suf- ferers who are unable to provide for themselves and who have been driven from their homes by Indian depredations in Florida, until they can be reestablished in their possessions, or so long as the President shall consider it necessary. Act of July 5, 1838 {5 Stats., 256). AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 11. That there be added to the commissariat of subsistence one assistant commissary-general of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel of cavahy; one commissary of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a quartermaster of the Army, and three commissaries of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of assistant quartermasters. * * * Sec. 17. That the allowance of sugar and coffee to the noncommis- sioned officers, musicians, and privates, in lieu of the spirit or whiskey component part of the army ration now directed b}^ regulation, shall be fixed at six pounds of coffee and twelve pounds of sugar to every one hundred rations, to be issued weekly when it can be done with convenience to the public service, and when not so issued to be paid for in money. Act of July 7, 1838 {fj Stats., 308). AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military cstal)lishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight. That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same herc])y is, explained, limited, and modified as follows: * * * Seventh. That the three assistant commissaries of subsistence author- ized by said act shall not be separated from the line of the Army. 342 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of August ^S, 18Jf.2 (/7 Stats., 512). AN ACT res^pecting tlie organization of the Army, and for other purposes. Sec. 3. That the office of Commissary-General of Purchases, some- times called Commissary of Purchases, shall be, and the same is hereby, abolished, and the duties thereof, shall hereafter be performed ]>y the officers of the Quartermaster's Department, with such of the officers and clerks now attached to the purchasing department as shall be authorized by the Secretary of War, and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the said Secretary, under the sanction of the President of the United States. Act of June 18, 184-6 {9 Stats., 17). AN ACT supplemental to an Act entitled "An Act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of MexicO;" and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 5. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service of the United States in such numbers that the officers of the . . . commissary . . . departments, authorized by law, be not suffi- cient to provide for supplying . . . them . . . , it shall be lawful for the President to appoint, with the advice and consent of the Senate, as many additional officers of said departments as the service may require, not exceeding . . . one commissar}^ for each brigade, with the rank of major, and . . . one assistant commissary, with the rank of captain, . . . for each regiment; the said . . . commissaries, . . . and assistant commissaries, to give bonds, with good and sufficient sureties, for the faithful performance of their duties; and they ... to perform such duties as the President shall direct: Provided, That the said officers shall be allowed the same pay and emoluments as are now allowed to officers of the same descrip- tions and grades in those departments . . . ; that they be subject to the rules and articles of war, and continue in service only so long as their services shall be required, in connection with the militia and volunteers. * * * Jidi/lO, 1848 {9-246). — Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted men in the several corps of the Army. Act of Septonher 26, 1850 {9 Stats., 469). AN ACT to increase the commissariat of the United States Army. That there be added to the Subsistence Department four commissaries of subsistence, with the rank of captain, to be taken from the line of the Army. * * * September 28, 1850 {9-fj04). — Moneys received from the sale of subsistence, military stores, and other sui)i)lies exempted from operation of act of March 3, 1849, requiring certain moneys to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 348 Act of March 3, 1851 {9 Stats., 696). AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid mid dis- abled soldiers of the Army of the United States. * * * Tliat . . . the Commissary-General of Subsistence, . . shall be, ex ({'fficio, comissionej's of the same, . . . * * * Act of June 21, 1S60 {12 Stats., Gli). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. * * * Sec. 4. That the allowance of sugar and coffee ... as fixed by the seventeenth section of the act of the fifth of July, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight, shall hereafter be ten pounds of coffee and fifteen pounds of sugar for ever}^ one hundred rations. * * * Act of June 23, 1860 {12 Stats., 91). AN ACT making a])pr()priations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. * * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of articles or performance of the service, shall be made hy advertising a sulticient time previously for proposals respecting* the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be author- ized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War and Navy Departments for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, sharll not exceed the necessities of the current year. No arms nor military sup- plies whatever which are of a patented invention shall be purchased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention, unless the same shall be authorized by law and the appropriation therefor explic- itly set forth that it is for such patented invention. Act of FihruaTij 21, 1861 {12 Stats., ^T). AN ACT making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thir- tieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. * * * Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of 344 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY*OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun- dred and sixty, be, and the same is hereby, repealed, except so far as the said section prohibits the purchase of patented firearms, as to which the said section shall still be in force. Act of March 2, ISGl {IP. Stats., ^U). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. ■X- * * Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the pul)lic exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of the article or articles or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fultillment, except in the War . . . Departments for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. And the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropria- tions for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Govern- ment for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty-third] of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the same is hereb}^, repealed. Act of July m, 1861 {12 Stats., 268). AN ACT to authorize the emi^loyment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws and protecting x>ublic property. * -X- * Sec. 3. . . . Each l)rigade shall . . . have . . . one commissary of subsistence. * * * Act cfAv(/yst .?, 1861 {12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the ])etter organization of the military establishment. * * * Sec. 2. . . . that there shall l)e added to the Sul)sistence Depart- ment four commissaries of subsistence, each with the rank, pay, and emolimients of a major of cavalry; and eight commissaries of subsist- ence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments each of a captain of cavalry, and to be taken from the line of the Army, either of the Volunteers or Regular Army. Sec. 13. That the army ration shall be increased as follows, viz: Twenty-two ounces of bread or Hour, or one pound of hard bread, THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 345 instead of the present issue; fresh beef shall be issued as often as the commanding officer of any detachment or regiment shall require it, when practicable, in place of salt meat; beans and rice or hominy shall be issued in the same ration in the proportions now provided by the regulation, and one pound of potatoes per man shall be issued at least three times a week, if practicable; and when these articles cannot be issued in these proportions, an equivalent in value shall be issued in some other proper food, and a ration of tea may be substituted for a ration of cofi'ce upon the requisition of the proper officer: Provided^ That after the present insurrection shall cease the ration shall be as provided by law and regulations on the first day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. Act of July 5, 186^ {m Staf^., 505). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and additional appropria- tions for the year ending tliirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and for other purposes. ■X- * vt- Sec. 10. That the Secretary of War be authorized to commute the army ration of cofl'ee and sugar for the extract of cofi'ee, combined with milk and sugar, to be procured in the same manner and with like restrictions and guaranties as preserved meats, pickles, ])utter, and desiccated vegetables are procured for the Navy, if he shall believe it will be conducive to the health and comfort of the Army, and not more expensive to the Government than the present ration, and if it shall be acceptable to the men. * * * July 17, 1SG2 (i^-59^).— Contractors for subsistence, clothing, etc., guilty of fraud to be subject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This provision was extended by sec. 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents and to all inspectors of military supplies. Ad of July 17, 1862 {12 StaU., 597). AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eighth, seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the Acts amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That each Army Corps shall have . . . one commissary of subsistence, . . . , who shall bear, . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall be assigned from the Army or volun- teer force by the President. . . . ActofFd>riiary9, 1863 {12 Stats., 64B). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Commissary Department. That there shall be added to the Subsistence Department of the Army one brigadier-general, to l)e selected from the Subsistence Department, who shall be Commissary-General of Subsistence, and by regular pro- 346 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. motion, one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, and two majors; the col- onel and lieutenant-colonel to be assistant commissaries-general of subsistence; and that vacancies in the above-mentioned grades shall be filled by regular promotions in said department. And the vacancies created by promotions herein authorized may be filled by selection from the oflicers of the regular or volunteer force. Act of March 3, 1863 {12 StaU., 7Jlt3). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Onbiance Department, and for other pnrposes. * * * Sec. 11. That the army ration shall hereafter include pepper, in the proportion of four ounces to every hundred rations. Act of J tine '.20, ISO If. (13 aS fats., lU)- AN ACT to increase the pay of soldiers in the United States Army, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That the army ration shall hereafter be the same as pro- vided by law and regulations on the first day of July, eighteen hun- dred and sixty-one: Provided, That the ration of pepper prescribed in the eleventh section of the "Act to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance Department, and for other purposes," approved March three, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, shall continue to be issued as heretofore. . . . Act of June 'Bo, 186J^ {13 Stats., 181). AN ACT to provide for tlie examination of certain officers of the Army. That every . . . commissary and assistant commissary of sub- sistence . . . shall, as soon as practicable, ho. ordered to appear for examination as to his qualifications before a board to be composed of three staff officers of the corps to which he belongs, of recognized merit and fitness, of whom two at least shall be officers of volunteers, which board shall make a careful examination as to the qualifications of all officers who may appear before them in pursuance of this act, and shall also keep minutes and make a full and true record of the examination in each case. And all members of such boards of exami- nation shall, before proceeding to the discharge of their duties as herein provided, swear or affirm that they will conduct all examinations with impartiality, and with the sole view to the qualifications of the person or persons to be examined, and that they will not divulge the vote of any member upon the examination of any officer who may appear before them. Sec. 2. That such boards of examination shall be convened under the direction of the Secretary of War, by the . . . Commissary- General of Subsistence ... at convenient places; and general rules of examination and a standard of qualifications shall be prescribed THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 347 by said officers subject to the approviil of the Secretary of War, and shall be pul)lished in general orders. Sec. 3. That after such general orders shall have been published for sixty da3^s, if any officer who shall then be ordered before a board of examiners, under the provisions of this act, shall fail for thirty days, after receiving such special orders, to report himself as directed, all his pay and allowances shall cease and be forfeited until he does appear and rci)ort for examination; and if he shall thereafter fail for a further period of thirty days so to appear, he shall thereupon be dropped from the rolls of the Army: Provided., h(nvevei\ That if such failure to appear and report shall have been occasioned by wounds or sickness, or other physical di.sa})ility, then there shall be no forfeiture of pay until thirty days after such disability has been removed; but if in sixty days after the disability is removed the officer shall not report himself, he shall then be dropped from the rolls as in other cases. Sec. 4. That if the board of examination shall report that any officer does not possess the requisite business qualifications, they shall forward the record of the examination of such officer to the head of the bureau to which he ma}^ belong, and if the head of such bureau shall approve the finding and report of the board, he shall forward the same through the Secretary of War to the President of the United States, and if the President shall confirm the same, the officer so failing in his examination shall, if commissioned, be dismissed from the service with one month's pay, and if not yet commissioned, his appointment shall be revoked. And if the board shall rejwrt that any officer fails to pass a satisfactory examination b}" reason of intemperance, gambling, or other immorality, and if the head of the bureau shall approve the finding and report of the board, and the same being communicated, as before provided, to the President and confirmed by him, then such officer shall be dismissed from the service without pay, and shall not be permitted to reenter the service as an officer: Pnyuided., That such dismissal shall not relieve him from liability under existing laws for any ofl'ense he may have committed. Sec. 5. That the boards of examination shall forward all their records of examination to the heads of the bureaus to which they appertain, and such records shall be filed in the proper bureaus with a suitable index, and any officer who may desire it shall be entitled to receive a copy of the record in his own case upon paying the cost of copying the same. Act of July 7/, imj^. {IS Stats., 381). AN ACT to restrict the jurisdiction of the Court of Claims, and to provide for the pay- ment of certain demands for quartermaster's stores and subsistence supi)lies fur- nished to the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 3. That all claims of loj^al citizens in States not in rebellion, for subsistence actually furnished to said Army and receipted for by the proper officer receiving the same, or which may have been taken by such officer without giving such receipt, may be submitted to the Com- missary-General of Subsistence, accompanied with such proof as each claimant may have to ofier; and it shall be the duty of the Commissary- General of Subsistence to cause each claim to be examined, and, if con- vinced that it is just, and of the loyalty of the claimant, and that the 348 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. stores have been actually received or taken for the use of and used by said Army, then to report each case for payment to the Third Auditor of the Treasury with a recommendation for settlement. March 3, 1865 {13-495). — Commissaries of subsistence may sell rations at cost prices to officers in the field; tobacco, not exceeding 16 ounces per month, may be sold to enlisted men at cost prices, exclusive of cost of transportation. March 3, 1865 (13-507). — Provisions and clothing may be issued to destitute refu- gees and freedmen. Act of March 3, ISGO {13 Stats., 513). AN ACT for the better organization of the Subsistence Department. That during the continuance of the present rebellion, the Secretary of War may, when in his judgment it is necessar}-, assign to each geo- graphical military division, to each separate army in the field consist ing of more than one army corps, to each military department, and to each principal subsistence depot, not exceeding ten in number, an offi- cer of the Subsistence Department to act as chief commissary of such military division, army, military department, or depot, and also an officer of the Subsistence Department as assistant in the oflice of the Commissary-General of Subsistence, each of whom, while so assigned and acting, shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of the Subsistence Department; and in liive manner may assign, for pur- poses of inspection or other special duty in the Subsistence Depart- ment, commissaries of subsistence, not exceeding six in number, each of whom, while so assigned and acting, shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel of the Subsistence Department; and to each army corps an officer of the Subsistence Department to be chief commissary of the corps, with the like rank of lieutenant-colonel; and in like manner may assign to each division of two or more brigades a commissary, who, while so assigned and acting, shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major of the Subsistence Department: Pr'o- vlded, That when any one of said officers is relieved from said duty, his increased rank, pay, and emoluments allowed because of such assignment shall cease, and he shall return to his commissioned rank in the Subsistence Department: And j^rocided fmihei\ That the officers authorized to be assigned by this act shall ha selected for each grade from the commissaries of subsistence who hold commissions or rank in the volunteer service and in the regular Subsistence Department in proportion to the numl)er of each of said classes, respectively, in service at the date of the passage of this act. * * -X- Jnly 25, 1866 {14-364). — Commutation of rations at cost price to be paid lo soldiers, held as prisoners of war, during period of confinement. Act of July 28, ISGG {IJf Stat.s., AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establi.shment <>f the United States. * -x- -x- Sec. 16. That the Subsistence Department of the Army shall here- after consist of the number of officers now authorized by law, viz: One Commissary-General of Subsistence,with the rank, pa}^ and emolu- ments of a brigadier- general; two assistant commissaries-general of THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 349 subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels of cavalry; two assistant commissaries-general of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry; eight commissaries of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry; and sixteen conunissaries of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of cavalry. * * * Sec. 23. That the . . . Commissary-General of Subsistence shall hereafter be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong, . . . * * * Sec. 25. . . . the Subsistence Department is hereby authorized and required to furnish such articles as may from time to time be designated by the inspectors-general of the Army, the same to be sold to officers and enlisted men at cost prices, . . . : Provided^ That this section shall not go into effect until the first day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven. -X- * * January 31, 1S68 {14-246)- — Surplus desiccated potatoes and mixed vegetables may be issued to all classes of destitute persons in the 8outh. June 11, 1S68 {15-253) . — Eations to be issued to Professor Powell's expedition engaged in exploration of the Colorado Eiver. Act of March 3, ISGO {15 Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the su^jport of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. -X- * * Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions ... in the Commissary Depart- ment, . * * * February 15, 1870 (16-65). — Necessary suiipliea may be furnished to the poor and destitute of the District of Columbia. Act of March 3, 1873 {17 Stats., J^S5). AN ACT ti) provide for the better care and protection of subsistence supplies. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and em- {30wered to select from the sergeants of the line of the Army who shall lave faithfully served therein live years, three years of which in the grade of noncommissioned officer, as many commissary-sergeants as the service may require, not to exceed .one for each military post or place of deposit of subsistence supplies, whose duty it shall be to receiv^e and preserve the subsistence supplies at the posts, under the direction of the proper officers of the Subsistence Department, and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War. The connnissary-sergeants hereb}^ authorized shall be subject to the rules and Articles of War, and shall receive for their services the same pay and allowances as ordnance sergeants. April 23, 1874 {18-34)- — Temporary issue of supjilies of food may be made for the relief of the sufferers by the ov^erflow of the Lower Mississippi River. [By the act of May 13, 1874 (18-46) the authority given was to expire September 1, 1874.] May 28, 1874 {18-287). — Rations to be issued to destitute people ou the Tombigbee, Warrior, and Alabama rivers. 350 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of June 23, 187 J^ {IS Stats., 2U)' AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army. Sec. 3. That hereafter there shall be three assistant commissaries- general of subsistence, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieu- tenant-colonel, instead of the two now allowed l)v law of said grade in the Subsistence Department; that the number of commissaries of sub- sistence with the rank, {)ay, and emoluments of a captain of cavalry is hereby reduced to twelve, and no appointment to fill a vacancy in said grade shall be made until the number thereof shall be reduced to twelve, and the number thereafter shall remain fixed at twelve. * * * Sec. 6. That no oflacer now in service shall be reduced in rank or mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made reducing the number of officers in any department or corps of the staff. * * * Sec. 8. That so much of section six of an act entitled ' 'An act mak- ing appropriations for the support ot the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as applies to the . . . Subsistence . . . Departments of the Army be, and the same is hereby, repealed . . . February 10, 1875 (18-314). — Rations to be issued to persons on the Western frontier made destitute by grasshoppers. This act to expire September 1, 1875. REVISED STATUTES— 2nd edition— 1878. * * * Sec. 1094. The Armv of the United States shall consist of— A subsistence depaktment. Sec. 1134. Assistant quartermasters shall do duty as assistant com- missaries of subsistence when so ordered by the Secretary of War. * -x- -x- Sec. 1140. The Subsistence Department of the Army shall consist of one Commissary-General of Subsistence, with the rank of brigadier- general; two assistant commissaries-general of subsistence, with the rank of colonel of cavalry; two assistant commissaries-general of sub- sistence, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; eight com- missaries of subsistence, with the rank of major of cavalry, and sixteen commissaries of su])sistence, with the rank of captain of cavalry. Sec. 1141. It shall be the duty of the ofiicers of the Subsistence Department, under the direction of the Secretary of ^^^ar, to purchase and issue to the Army such supplies as enter into the composition of the ration. Sec. 1142, The Secretary of War is authorized to select from the sergeants of the line of the Army, who shall have faithfully served therein five years, three years of which in the grade of noncommis- sioned ofiicers, as many commissary sergeants as the service may THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAETMENT. 351 require, not to exceed one for each military post or place of deposit of subsistence supplies, whose duty it shall be to receive and preserve the subsistence supplies at the posts, under the direction of the proper officers of the Subsistence Department and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War. The commissary ser- geants hereby authorized shall be subject to the rules and articles of war, and shall receive for their services the same pay and allowances as ordnance sergeants. Sec. ll'iS. The officers of the Subsistence Department shall, upon the requisition of the naval or marine officer commanding any detach- ment of seamen or marines under orders to act on shore, in cooperation with the land troops, and during the time such detachment is so act- ing or proceeding to act, furnish rations to the officers, seamen, and marines of the same. Sec. 1144. The officers of the Subsistence Department shall procure, and keep for sale to officers and enlisted men at cost prices, for cash or on credit, such articles as may, from time to time, be designated by the inspectors-general of the Army. An account of all sales on credit shall be kept, and the amount due for the same shall be reported monthly to the Paymaster-General. * * * Sec. 1146. Each ration shall consist of one pound and a quarter of beef or three-quarters of a pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread or flour, and at the rate of ten pounds of coffee, fifteen pounds of sugar, two quarts of salt, four quarts of vinegar, four ounces of pep- per, four pounds of soap, and one pound and a half of candles to every hundred rations. The President ma}^ make such alterations in the component parts of the rations as a due regard to the health and com- fort of the Army and economy ma}^ require. Sec. 1147. The Secretary of War may commute the rations of coffee and sugar for the extract of coffee combined with milk and sugar, if he shall believe such commutation to be conducive to the health and comfort of the Army, and not to be more expensive to the Govern- ment than the present ration, provided the same shall be acceptable to the men. Sec. 1148. The ration of sugar and coffee, when issued in kind, shall, when the convenience of the service permits, be issued weekly. Sec. 1149. Tobacco shall be furnished to the enlisted men by the commissaries of subsistence, at cost prices, exclusive of the cost of transportation, in such quantities as they ma}^ require, not exceeding sixteen ounces per month. Sec. 1150. No officer belonging to the Sul)sistence Department, or doing the duty of a subsistence officer, shall be concerned, directly or indirectly, in the purchase or sale of any article entering into the com- position of the rations allowed to troops in the service of the United States, or of any article designated by the inspectors- general of the Army and furnished for sale to officers and enlisted men at cost prices, or of tobacco furnished for sale to enlisted men, except on account of the United States; nor shall any such officer take or appl}^ to his own use any gain or emolument for negotiating or transacting any business connected with the duties of his otiice, other than that which ma}^ be allowed by law. * * * Sec. 1191. All officers of the . . . Subsistence . . . depart- ments, . . . shall, before entering upon the duties of their respec- 352 LEGISLATIVE HISTUKY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. tive offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faithfully to account for all public monevs and property which they may receive. The President may at any time increase the sums so prescribed. . -X- -X- * Sec. 1193. The . . . Commissary-General of Sulisistencc, . . . shall be appointed l)}- selection from the corps to which the}^ belong. Sec. IVJ-i. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in the . . . Subsistence . . . departments. * * * Sec. 1211. The President may cause to be sold any military stores which, upon proper inspection or survey, appear to be damaged or unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be made by officers designated liy the Secretary of AVar, and the sales shall be made under regulations prescribed by him. * * * Sec. 1293. Sergeants and corporals of ordnance shall be entitled to receive one ration and a half daily. Other enlisted men shall be entitled to receive one ration daily. Sec. 1291. For each ration of sugar and coli'ee not issued, nor com- muted for the extract of coffee combined with milk and sugar, enlisted men shall be paid in money. * -X- * Sec. 1617. . . . Each ])rigade [of militia called in service] . . . shall have . . . one commissar}^ of subsistence. ... * -x- * Sec, 1655. When the militia in the military service of the United States are employed on the Western frontiers, there shall be allowed two ounces of flour or bread and two ounces of ])eef or pork, in addi- tion to each of their rations, and half a pint of salt, in addition to every hundred of their rations. -X- -x- * Sec. 3711. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . , service shall ))e made l)y or under the direction of the chief officers of the departments of war. , . . And all agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper depart- ment for which such supplies or services are required, sul)ject, neverthe- less, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury. . . . Sec. 3715. Contracts for subsistence supplies for the Army, made by the Commissary-General, on public notice, shall provide for a com- plete delivery of such articles, on inspection, at such places as shall be stipulated. * * * Sec. 3732. No contract or purchases on behalf of the United States shall be mad(>, luiless the same is authorized ))y law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fuliillment, except in the War . . , Departments, for . . . subsistence . . . , which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. ■X- -x- * Sec. 1815. The Commissary-General of Subsistence, . . . shall constitute a board of commissioners for the Soldiers' Plome. . . . * * * THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 353 STATUTES AT LARGE. June 23, 1S79 (21-30).— To the cost of all stores and other articles sold to officers and men, except tobacco, ten per centum shall be added to cover wastage, transportation, aiid other incidental charges. Aet of May J^, 1880 {21 StaU. , 110). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, and for other purjposes. * * ->r . . . Provided., That to the cost of all stores and other articles sold to otificers and men, except tobacco, as provided for in section one thousand one hundred and fort^-nine of the Revised Statutes, ten per centiun shall be added to cover wastage, transportation, and other inci- dental charges, save that sul)sistence supplies may be sold to companies, detachments, and hospitals at cost prices, not including cost of trans- portation upon the certiticate of an officer commanding a compan}^ or detachment or in charge of a hospital, that the supplies are necessary for the exclusive use of such company, detachment, or hospital. * * * May 4, 1880 {S 1-306). —AnihoYvms issue of 4,000 rations for the use of the sufferers made destitute by the cyclone at Macon, Miss. Februari/ 24, 1881 {21-346). — The cost price of articles sold by the Subsistence Department to officers and men shall be understood, in all cases," to be the invoice price of the last lot of that article received by the officer by whom the sale is made. February 25, 1882 {22-378). — Rations may be issued for the relief of sufferers from the overflow of the Mississippi River. Additional appropriation for the purpose was made by joint resolution of March 21, 1882 (22-379), and joint resolution of April 25, 1890 (26-671). Act of MdVi-h S, 188S {22 Stats., 4^6). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes. PAY DEPARTMENT. For pay of the Army. — . . . Provided, . . . and here- after vacancies occurring in the . . . Commissary Departments of the Army may, in the discretion of the President, be tilled from civil life. Act of March o\ 188S {22 Stats., 56 J^). AN ACT prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home located at Washington, in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. Sec. lt>. That the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home shall hereafter consist of . . . , the Commissary-General, . . . February 12, 1884 {23-267). — Subsistence stores may be issued to destitute persons in the district overflowed by the Ohio River and its tributaries. Additional appro- in-iation for this purpose was made by resolution of Februarv 15, 1884 (23-268). March 27, 1884 {23-269).— ^ot exceeding $125,000 of tlie appropriation for the S. Doc. 229 23 354 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Ohio sufferers may be used for the reUef of destitute persons in the district overflowed by the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Resolution of June 7, 1884 (23-273) , allows for same purpose the unexpended appropriation for the relief of the Ohio sufferers. Act of July J, ISSJf. {23 Stats., 107). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other jnirposes. Vc * •;■:■ Subsistence of the Army. — . . . Provided., That hereafter all sales of subsistence supplies to officers and enlisted men shall be made at cost price only; and the cost price of each article shall be under- stood, in all cases of such sales, to be the invoice price of the last lot of the article received hy the officers making the sale prior to the lirst day of the month in which the sale is made. . . . Quartermaster's Department. — . . . Provided., That here- after all purchases of regular and miscellaneous supplies for the Army furnished by the . . . Commissar}^ Department for immediate use shall be made by the officers of such department under direction of the Secretary of War, at the places nearest the points where they are needed, the conditions of cost and quality being equal: Provided also., That all purchases of said sitpplies, except in cases of emergency, which must be at once reported to the Secretary of War for his approval, shall be made by contract after pul)lic notice of not less than ten days for small amounts for immediate use, and of not less than from thirty to sixty days whenever in the opinion of the Secre- tary of War the circumstances of the case and conditions of the serv- ice shall warrant such extension of time. The award in every case shall be made to the lowest respousil)le bidder for the best and most suita]>le article, the right being reserved to reject any and all bids. The . . . Commissary-General of Subsistence shall report promptly all purchases of supplies made b}^ his department, with their cost price and place of delivery, to the Secretary of War, for trans- mission to Congress aimually. * * -s April 25, 1890 {26-671) . — Authorizes purchase of subsistence stores for the relief of such destitute j^ersons as require assistance in the district recently overflowed by the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Act ofJnnc 10\ 1S90 {26 Stats., 157). AN ACT to prevent desertions from tlie Army, and for other jiurposes. * * * Sec. 5. That the army ration now provided by law shall l)e increased by the addition thereto of one pound of vegetables, the proportion to be hxed by the Secretary of War. Act of March 29, 1891^ {28 Stats., p). AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government. That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treasurv Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession of officers or agents, . . . the Commissary-General of Subsist- THE SUBSISTENCE DEPAKTMENT. 355 ence . . . shall certify to the proper accounting- officer of the Treasury Department, for debiting- on the proper account any charge against any officer or agent intrusted with public property arising from an}" loss, accruing ])y his fault, to the Government as to the property so intrusted to him. Act of AuguHt 6, 189 1^ {28 Stats., 233). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. . . , Provided., That . . . hereafter all appointments to fill vacancies in the lowest grade in the . . . Subsistence Department, respeetivelv, shall be made from the next lowest grade in the line of the Army. Act of Felrnary 12, 1895 {28 Stcds., 654). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-six, and for other purposes. FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF, Subsistence Department: . . . Provided, That there shall be no appointment of commissary of subsistence with the rank of captain until the number of such officers in that grade shall be reduced below eight, and thereafter the number of such officers in that grade shall be fixed at eight. March 2, 1895 (S' * Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an arm}^ corps shall consist of . . . one chief commissary of subsistence, who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel; The staff" of the commander of a division shall consist of . . . one chief commissar}' of subsistence, . . . who shall have . 356 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. the rank of major, . . . The staff of the commander of a l^rigade shall consist of one commissary of subsistence, . . . with the rank of captain, , * ■:: * May 18, 189S {S()-419). — Prt'Hcribef niodts of issuing subsistence stores to the destitute inhabitants of Cuba. Act of July 7, 1S98 {30 Stats., 715.) AN ACT to increa.«e the efficiency of the Subsistence Department of the Army. That during the existence of the present war, and for not exceeding one year thereafter, every commissary of subsistence, of whatever rank, w^ho shall be assigned to the duty of purchasing and shipping subsistence supplies at important depots shall have the rank next above that held by him and not above colonel, but the number so assigned shall only be such as may be found necessar}^, not exceeding twelve; also, that the two commissaries of subsistence who ma}^ be detailed as assistants to the Commissary-General of Subsistence shall have the rank of colonel, provided that when any such officer is relieved from said duty his temporarv rank, pay, and emoluments shall cease, and he shall return to his lineal rank in the Department. Sec. 2. That there is hereby authorized to be added to the subsist- ence department in the volunteer service during the present war, and not to exceed one year thereafter, eight majors and twelve captains for the discharge of such subsistence duties as may be assigned to them by the Secretary of War, to be nominated and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to be appointed by the President. Act of March 2, 1S90 [30 Statx., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other i3urposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Arm}' of the United States shall consist of . . . , a Subsistence Depart- ment, . •:;■ * -x- Sec. 7. That the . . . , Subsistence Department, . . . shall consist of the officers and enlisted men now provided by law: . . . * * * Sec. 11. That so nuich of the act approved July seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, as authorizes the assignment of certain officers of the . . . subsistence departments with increased rank, and the continuance in service of certain volunteer officers of these departments for a period of one 3^ear after the close of the present war, is repealed. •X- * * Sec. 11. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in service, or to appoint by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the volunteer staff as follows: * * * Six commissaries of subsistence with the rank of major, and twelve assistant commissaries of subsistence with the rank of captain. THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. 357 Act of 3farck 3, 1S99 (30 Stats., 106 J^). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the regular and vohmteer army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred. * * * [The total appropriation for the Subsistence Department] to be dis- bursed and accounted for as "Subsistence of the Army," and for that purpose shall constitute one fund. Act of February '2, 1901 (31 Stats., — ). AN ACT to increase the efhciency of the permanent militar}- estii])]isliment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of . . . a Subsistence Department, ... •A- * •5:- Sec. 17. That the Subsistence Department shall consist of one Com- missar^^-General with the rank of brigadier-general, three assistant commissaries-o-eneral with the rank of colonel, four deputy commis- saries-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, nine commissaries with the rank of major, twenty-seyen commissaries with the rank of captain, mounted, and the number of commissary-sergeants now authorized by law, who shall hereafter be known as post commissary- sergeants: Provided, That all vacancies in the grades of colonel, lieu- tenant-colonel, and major, created or caused by this section, shall be filled by promotion, according to seniorit}", as now prescribed by law. That to till original vacancies in the grade of captain, created by this act, in the Subsistence Department, the President is authorized to appoint officers of volunteers commissioned in the Subsistence Depart- ment since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. ■K- * * Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding permanent appointments in the . . . Subsistence Department, inckiding those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of captain and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty-one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted accord- ing to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the offi- cers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur, which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section, it shall be filled by detail from the line of the Army, and no more permanent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps after the original vacancies created by this act shall have been filled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which' the vacancies exist, under such system of examination as the President may from time to time prescribe. All officers so detailed siiall serve for a period of four years, at the expiration of which time they shall return to duty with the line, and officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not ao-ain be elio-ible 358 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. for selection in an}- staff department until thoy shall have served two years with the line. That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff' corps or department is tilled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided by law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro- vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff' corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay. and allowances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided^ That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart- ment holding permanent appointments, the chief of such staff corps or department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff' for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff' shall be tilled by officers returning from tours of staff' d\\i\. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. •X- ^v * Sec. 40. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to pre- scribe the kinds and quantities of the component articles of the army ration, and to direct the issue of substitutive equivalent articles in place of any such components whenever, in his opinion, economy and a due regard to the health and comfort of the troops may so require. Act of March 2, 1901 {31 Stats., —). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the ligcal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. Provided, That appointments to fill original vacancies ... in the grade of captain in the . . . Subsistence Department . . . may be made from officers of volunteers commissioned since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. . . . VIl.-THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 359 THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. July 27, 1775, Congress created an Hospital Department for the Army, its chief being- designated as Director-General and Chief Phy- sician. By the resolution of April 7, 1777, Congress adopted the scheme for a Medical Department prepared by the Army Medical Committee of Congress, based on the organization of the British service and accepted because it was so, for, as General Washington said, "The number of officers mentioned in the inclosed plan I presume are nec- essary for us, because they are found so in the British hospitals." For some years subsequent to the close of the Revolutionary war the Army consisted of troops enlisted for short terms of service, with no provision for medical service other than that ati'orded by regimental medical officers. The act of March 10, 1802, allowed two surgeons and twenty-live mates as the peace establishment, and by the act of April 12, 1808, the President was authorized to appoint such number of hospital surgeons and surgeons' mates as the service might require. There was, however, no provision made for a chief of the Department until, under the act of March 3, 1813, the office of Physician and Surgeon-General was created; but the act of April 11, 1818, gave to the Medical Department, for the lirst time in its history, a permanent chief under the title of "Surgeon-General." 1775-1783. Dlrcftor-G'eneral and Chief Phi/siciaii. July 27, 1775. — Dr. Benjamin Church (Massachusetts). Sept. 14, 1775. — Dr. Samuel Strino^er (^laryland), Northern Department. Oct. 17, 1775. — Dr. John Morgan (Pennsylvania). Diri'ctor-Ceneral. Apr. 11, 1777. — Dr. "William Shippen, jr. (Pennsylvania). Mar. 22, 1780. — Dr. David Oliphant (South Carolina), of hospitals in South Carolina. Jan. 17, 17ly the Army Avith vegetables, THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 369 and that lal)ovcr.s be hired to cultivate it under the direction of an overs(»er. to be appointed b}" the general or comniandiiio- officer. That the general or connuanding officer in each of the armies cause strict enquiry to be made into the conduct of the directors of the hos- pitals and their surgeons, officers, and servants, and of the regimental surgeons, that if there had been an}^ just ground of complaints in those departments the ofl'enders ma}" be punished. That the colonel or commanding officer of every regiment make frequent enquiry into the health of the men under his command and report the state thereof, with any negligence, malpractice, or other misconduct of the surgeons or others, to the general and to Congress, delivering copies of such reports to all persons therein accused. Decemhei' i, T7'7G. Resolved^ . . . That the medical committee be directed to take such steps as they shall judge proper for the accommodation of the sick of the Army. December 12, 1776. — Owing to the approach of the enemy, the continental ai>othe- cary was directed to remove certain stores to a place of safety. Decmnher SO, 1776. Resolved, [That one wagon be allowed on a march] for the partic- ular use of the director of the hospital. Each wagon to be drawn by two horses . . . and subject to such orders as shall from time to time be issued by the general or commanding officer. January ,9, 1777. Resolved, That Dr. John Morgan, director-general, and Dr. Sanuiel Stringer, director of the hospital in the northern department of the Army of the United States, be, and they are hereby, dismissed from any further service in said offices. That the directors of the military hospitals throughout the Army, with the assistance of the hospital and regimental surgeons in each department, make returns to Congress as soon as possible of the kind and quantity of medicines, instruments, and hospital furniture that remain on hand. Jaiiaarij IJf, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the medical committee provide a suitable assortment of medicines and send them to the hospital in the northern army with all possible despatch, together Avith other necessaries for the sick. That Dr. Potts be directed to repair to Ticonderoga without delay. That Dr. Stringer be directed to deliver to Dr. Potts such medicines and other medical stores as may be in his hands belonging to the contin^iting and prescribing for the sick and wounded of the hospitals under their care. That the establishment of the Medical Department be as follows: Director-General 6 dollars a day and 9 rations. Deputy director-general 5 do. 6 do. Assistant deputy director 3 do. 6 do. Physician-general and surgeon-general, each 5 do. 6 do. t*hysiciau and Surgeon-General of the Army 5 do. 6 do. Senior surgeons, each 4 do. 6 do. Second surgeons, each 2 do. 4 do. Surgeons' mates, each 1 ^ d. do. 2 do. Apothecaries-general, each 3 do. 6 do. Do. mates, each 1^ d. do. 2 do. Commissary 2 do. 4 do. Clerk, who is to be paymaster 2 do. 4 do. Assistant clerks, each f ds. do. ] do. Stewards, each 1 do. 2 do. Matron \ do. 1 do. Nurses, each 24-90ths do. 1 do. Stabler 1 do. 1 do. Regimental surgeons 2 do. 4 do. Do. mates, each lid. do. 2 do. Ajjril 11^ 1777 . Congress then proceeded to the election of officers in the hospital department; and the ballots Ijeing taken, Dr. William Shippen, jr., was chosen, by the unanimous ballot of the thirteen States, director-general of all the military hospitals for the armies of the United States. Dr. Walter Jones, physician-general of the hospital in the Middle Department, Dr. B(>njamin Rush, surgeon-general of the hospital in the Middle Department. Dr. fJoliii Cochran, physician and surgeon-general of the army in the Middk? Department. 374 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Dr. Isaac Forster, deputy director-general of the hospital in the Eastern Department. Dr. Ammi Ruhaniah Cutter, physician-oeneral of the hospital in the Eastern Department. Dr. Philip Turner, surgeon-general of ditto. Dr. William Burnet, physician and surgeon-general of the army in the Eastern Department. Dr. Jonathan Potts, deputy director-general of the hospital in the Northern Department. Dr. Malachi Treat, ph^^sician-general of ditto. Dr. Forgue, surgeon-general of ditto. Dr. John Bartlett, physician and surgeon-general of the ai'iuy in the Northern Department. Ajjril P2, 1777. Reirsos th:in lho>o In^lonui'Vii' l^* '!'»' otHror> ot" \\\o dtnvjiiuuMit. tor wliioh fiU'Mi^o iua\ l>o horoin ullowoil. l>o kcyt ^o\\\v:\\A\ :iiul .-it tho oxivnso of (ho lioivnliiUMU. That no poi>ioi\ ooiu'ornod in tnulo on lu^ own ;u\onnt shall l>o snf- foivd lo not us ;\n otUoor in tho liospital or Modionl nopnitnuMit o{ (ho Arniv. riiat no olliv'or oi' olluM- {UM'son in (ho hv>spi(:il dt^p:u(nu>n(. oxivyX tho j^iok :uui wonnilod. i>o j>orn\i((od to uso :»ny of tho s(oros pro\ idod for I ho si ok. That tho dirootor, ohiof hospital phvsioians, and (hoohiof physioians atui j^iirjivons of tho Army, physioiansand surjioons. purvoyor, apodio- oarv. assistant purvoyor. and assistant apt>(hooary, l>o appoin(od and i"onu\ussionod l>v Cono-ross. (ho ro«:inuM)(al surovons ana nia(os (o bo appointod as horotoforo. That tho dirootor. \\i(h (ho advioo and oonourronoo of (wo of (ho ohiof hospi(al physitMans. appiMi\( all hospi(al n»a(os. whioh appoint- nion(s shall l>o oortitiod l\v \varr:»n(s undor tho hand of tho dirootor; in whioh apixMutuionts no ponsoix shall l>o admit lod undor tho aoo of t w onty -ouo voai*s. That all tlio ol^ioors in tho hospital or modioal dopartmont shall l>o suhjootod to trial by oourts-inartial for all oltonoos in tho sauio mannor as; ofliooi's in tho lino of tho Army. /»\.v«)/?vy/. That tho j\ay and ostablishmont of tho otiiooiN of (ho hos- ]Mtal do[^:u't^uont and modioal stall bo as follows: Oirootor. loO dollars ^vr month. -2 n\(ions for himsolf. and ono for his vsorvant. por day, and fonisio for two hoi*sos. Chiof physioians and surovons of tho Army and hospitals, oaoh 140 dollars por month. 2 nitions jw da\% and fon^iro fv>r two liorsess. Purvoyor ami a^x^thooary. oaoh loO dollars por month. rhysioians and suriroons of tho htvspitals. oacMi 120 dollai"^ poi month. 1 i^jition por day. anci fora^o for ono hoi*so. Assistant purvoyoi^^ and apothooarios. oaoh 7i> doUaix [hh- month. Uoo-imotU.al surovons, oaoh (v> dollars ^xm- month. 1 ration por day. atul fon»iiv for ono horso. 8urijx>on's mate^ in the hivspitjils, M> dollai^ por nu>nth. 1 i-a(ion |xn- day. ^ Sui'jyoon's mates in tho Army. 4vt dt>llai*s yxn* nu>nth. 1 i^ition |xm' day. 8tow~?ii\l for oach luvspital, t>.^ dollars |xm' month. I nition \xn' day. Ward master for oaoh hospital. :>^ dollai*s por month. I ration ^xm- day. 7»*<^*W> That nono of tho af ore^ud offioors or any ^xm sons omyiloyod in any of tlio hospitals bo ontitkxl to rations, or pivvision. or fora^jv w hon on furlouji'h. 7»\w»/^VYf, That tho ohiof physioian of tho Army Ix^ allow od a two- hoi^o covonxl w-ao-on for tr!\nsiK>rtinof his l>!io-o>aiiV. That tho sovonil othix^rs alx>vo montionod sliall roooivo thoir jv\y in tho now ourivnoy, omitted pui^iJuant to a ivsolutionof Cotijrross on the I8th day of Maroh last: and that thoy Ix^ allow<>d and yviid^it tho rate of ttve i^t^llai^ of sjiid ounvnoy nor (uontli for evorv ivtaii\od ration: and shall oaoh Ix^ entitled annually to draw olothino- I'ixmu the ston>sof the elothior-iivtioral. in tho san\o maimer and undor tho same ivirula- tions as are ost.ablishtxl for othoors in the line, by a ivsolution of Con- liross of the iV^th of Novotulx^r. 17T5>. rhat the rxnurns for olothitio- for otliwrs in the nuxlic>;d stjvff (reiri- montjil sursi\H>ns and their mates, who are to draw with the ivgimontal 'I'JIK MKDirAI. DKI'Ml'IMKNT. 389 HtafT, o.X('('ptMs and af)othecary, the same as m lieutenant- colonel. Kee-irM(!nlal sui'^loonifield, William Kusti.s, (i(H)r*ge Di'aper, Barnabas Binne}^ hospital physicians and surgeons. 390 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF V. S. ARMY. October 7, 1780. — Dr. Mattliew Mau?* was appointeil snriieon to tlie regiment of inva- lids, and Col. Nicola was autliorizetl to appoint a proper surgeon's mate to the regi- ment when the number of sick shall make it necessary. October ).^1' oiin I'Ikai- .staki'' <»I'' r. h, aimmv. ,iA//v// ./, irsi. ()ii, l>r, iiiiil lie i.s li('rt'l>\ , :i|)|)(HiiltM| cliid' pli ysicinii jiikI siii'ijcoii of llic Aiiin ill IIk' room of Dr. .1. ('ocIumm. »>I('c1«'(I dirccloi' ol' Uic lioM|iil:il. ,)A//v// .-. /;'.S7. Aci'ortliiiL;' (o (lio ordtM' ol llii< (l:i\ , ( 'omnrcss procccMlcvl lo (Im> rlcc- Ijoii ol' !i cliid' |)li\ siciiiii :ni(l siiri'coii of llic liospiljils in (he room of I)r. ('I'niK, I'cmovrd (o Ili(> Aiiiiy; mihI, (In- Ii:iIIo(m l)(>iny (mKimi, |)r. W'illinm Hurii(>l wms (dfchMJ. Ii!i\iii<; l»t'(Mi prrxiotish nomiiiMlcd by Ml'. \\' illKM'Hpoon. M,ir.h .':.'. I7SI. \\ luM(>Ms (lir l;i(r icimiImI ions lor coiiducl iii;; (lie MtMJicMi 1 >cii;i rl liiciil tliid miiiliii'v li(»N|»ilMls |)!i,ss(mI (lii> MiHli d:iy of SoplfmlxM" liisl, mikI MiiKMidcd l»y N(*V(M':il siil)s(>(|iit'nl :itls o'i ( "oiio'i'oss, cxlt'iid no iiirllu>r soiidiwiu'd (liim lo inrindt* (ln> Sl:il(> of \"ir«^iniM; Miid \vli»M(>:is llic |trt's(>nl o|)(M'!i( ions ol" (li(< wmi" (o (Ih> .soulhw.-ird miilu> il n(M'(\ss;uy (IimI (Ih' 1 los|ii('p:irlm('n( in lli:il disl rid !>(> itMidtMtnl jis uniloiin (o lluit in lilt* Norl liciii :irniy as c iicu nisi Mnccs will ptMiuil lh:il no iiu-onv (Mii(M\i'«' intiv !iris(> lo {\\o \rm\ in o(>ii('r:il from dillonMit iind op|)osil(» sys((Mns, MS iIn ojummI ions ni:i\ (>\ ml ii:ill\ !><> inliM'fli:ui from one district to nnotlitM" in m sliorl s|);i((' ol' (iiin>: riuMcrorc. /t\s<>/r(> oih> di^pnly dircM'lor ol' t Iw military hospitals, who shall, in t h(» m1>s(mic(» ol' t h»» p|ir(>»'tor. ha\ »> 1 1h> ^MUMal conl vol anci mana^cnuMil of all I ii(> milil:iry hospitals thsit aroor may l>o ostal>lislu>d iind(M- the ordtMs td' I litMommandor of lh(> Son tluM-n army lor lht> t imi» IxMiim". /i\s()/iY(/^ That lor (he :irm\ ;iror<>s:iid (Ihmt shall !>(> oiu^ iliiid' phy si«'ia>i oT (ho hospital, w ho shall also Im> a suio'con; oiu> «hi(d' pli\ sirian (o (luy .said arniy, who whall also l)<> sisursi'oon; two hospital physicians, who shall also bo. .sin\ii"Oons, and four suvo^Murs mat ivs t'or t ho hospitals; oii(> deputy ]>nr\t\vor with an assistant; ono deputy apoth«>oary with an assistant; and to oach hospital a steward, matron. ordtM'ly nuMi.amI mirsos as is directed in the arranot^ment of i\\o hospital passed the ."UMh da\ ol' Sept(Mnb»>r at'oi'csaid; riiat the deputy dire»-toi'. «l(>pnl\ purvcxor. and deputy apolhecarv ha\t> and e\ercis(> t he sanu» pow »M"s wnich arc cxercistMJ by the director, pnr\c\or. and apolhiM-ary, rt\sp(>ct.i\ ely. aureeal>ly to tlu> arrane(Mn»Mit abo\ I' nuM\( iiMied ; 'I'hal. (ht> pa\ orthed<>put\ dir«>clor b»> 1 li) d»)llars p(>r nmnlh. that orthcilepnlv pur\c\oiand depu(\ apot hecary each !:'(' vlolL-ir^ pnu»limuMits antl sul)j(>ct to {\\o same reoulations and r(>strict ions as their rt^specti\(» jiriiu'ipals are «Mit ithnl or sjibji^'ti^i to l>\ llu* al>o\ »> nuMil ioinNl arran^t^ ni»M\t and lh(> auKMidnuMds tlnM'»M»>: 'That, all ill otlu-r ollict-is ol' the hospital anil medical stall' for the SoulhtMn arm\ (>\iMei-^(> the powtM's. perform the s.anu^ dutii's. r(>cei\'(* tlu^ s.anie pa\ and cmolumenls. and l>e sulijiH'l to iUo reoiilalions and TllK MKI>1('.\I, l)i:i'AlM"MKN r :\\r.\ r«>s( rid ions JMid .lown in (lie :iriirt'>Miil ;in:iiiL:fiiicMil for olliccrs of like (loscfiption: Proriil, il. II, I', rt/n l< s.<, 'V\\;\[ tlu> powers thcnMii diirflcd to he cxcr cist'il l)y ( luMliroctor niul \\\\\ two cliic'l' jiliysiciims mikI suiljcoms of \\\o liospilnl sh.'ill, ill llu> :iI)s(mh'(> of (ho «l(>|)n(y dirt'clor. ho \ cslcd in :ind o\iM'ois(Hl hy iho ncxl tdlioor in Iho Ilospidd 1 >(>|)Mr(in»Mil l'oi- (Ih< Soii(h(M'M Mi'iny , :md soon in succossion, in conjunction with the two next seniors. M,irrh ;.';■, HSI. (\>no'r(\ss j)i'oc(MMh'd to th(> tdcclion oi' :i dc|)iily puiNcyor of th(> hos pilal Uiv lh(> southern MiMuy, nnd, (he ItnUots heinj^' (jiken iind counted, Hr. Nath;in Hrow nson was (dee(ed, he ha\ inn" heiMi ])re\iously nonii nated l»y Mr. Adams. .{)ynl IS, nsi. "The ('oiniu;ui(U'r in Cliief, conwiderinu' \\\c srnrcity of liospitjil ston's Mild tlie Jidv:iiu'<'d seaseii, thinUs pn>|u'r to order :\ discoiitiinijiiicc «i|" inocul;i- tioii ill the Army." (Ordnv, (t',)i,r(il llril ..'/, /;'.s7. 7i(S()Ii'((/, 'Pha( i\\o su])(M'in((Mui(>n( of tinance ]n\ antl h(> is h(M'(d)y, Mudiorized (o riMiniM' from ollice or iMiipioymcMd for incapacity, neoli o-enei\ dishones( v, or othcM' mish(dia\ior such p(>fsons not immediattdy appointed liy (hi^ I'Miteil States in Conoiwss asscMnhU'd as ai-(> or may 1>(> otlicially (Mili'iisted with and inuuediatidy emphiyed in (he expcMidi tur(> of the piihlic. supplies, stores, and other pro|)erty, . . . anil such o\^ the said piM'sons as ar*MM' may 1»(\ in his judo'ment , uniHH't'ssai'y, it'portino' to sucli aulhoi'ity, hoafil, minister, or ollice to whom it may l»(dono-, to supply the \ai'ancy, tlu> i('s|)ecli\ c nami>s of the persons so r(Mno\ cd; That he lie authori/.i>d to suspiMid from «)tlice of (Muployment, for similar caus(\s, ptM'sons ollii'ially tMuployed and (Mitrustcni as aforesaid imMiedia(ely ai)poin(ed In (he I'nitcd States in Conoi-ess assemlihul, ivpoi'lin^' forthwith tluMr names and the reason of susptMision: /*r(>ri(/, (/. That in all cases wIum(> any of the ])ersons aforesaid ar»M)r ma\ lie aiiuMialile to tli(> law martial (he superin(tMui«Mi( he, and he is lu>rel)y, audiorized and dir(>c((>d, if he shall d(»em i( mos( »>\i)edient for (he puhlic sei'vic(\ (o i)u( (hem in arres( hy ortU'i' in writing, and (o iipply (o (lu» olliciM" whose duty it may he to ord(>r a court niar(ial, and siiih ollicer is herehy directed to orch'r prociMnlinos on (he arres( iieeordino'ly ; Tha( in e\t'rv «'ase of susptMision all pay and emoluments cease from th(> date* thereof unl(\ss the pcM'sons ,suspend(>d \)v upon (rial ac»|ui((ed and restoi-ed; and the suptMMutendtMit shall ha\(> jxiwcr to supply tlu> piai'(\ when it ma\ he necessary, hy a ttMuporary appointment, io continue until the person susptMided he restored or dismisscnl; Tha((lu> aforesaid jxiwers shall no( he cons(rued to interfere with (lu> rank, commission, or military duty of any ollicer in \\\o line of {\\c .Vrmv or (hose who may In* duly iMdrusdMl with money for secict sei'\ iet> l)\- (\)nor(>ss, or (lu> Commander in (liief of (he Aiiuy,or commandino- ollict'r of a .sc^paratc department; That. (h(^ pow'cM's aforesaid Ix^ (>x«M"('istHl durino- (he pleasure of ("on- p'ress, I)u( not, (o (*x(«Mid hevond (he duration of the war. 394 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May 15, 1781. Congress proceeded to tlio cloction of officers in the hospital depiirt- ment for the southern army, and, the ballots being taken, Dr. David Oliphant was elected deputy director; Peter Fa3"ssoux, chief physician of the hospital; James Brown, chief physician of the Army; Robert Johnston and William Reed, hospital physicians, having been previously nominated by Mr. Matthews. Resolved, That all such officers of the medical department, appointed under the directorship of Dr. Oliphant, as are now in captivity in South Carolina and Georgia, and have the charge of the sick prisoners in those States, l)e continued in their respective offices as heretofore, and be considered as vested with the same power and entitled to the same privileges and emoluments as they had and enjoyed before their captivit}^ to extend no further than to the troops and hospitals within the enemy's lines. May 28, 1781. Ordered, That the medical committee be discontinued, and that the committee lodge with the board of war all the returns and papers in their possession, and then be discharged; and that the l)usiness hereto- fore entrusted to them and the powers with which they were invested be transferred to the board. May 31, 1781. — " Lieut. William Eysandeau, of the 5th Massachusetts Eegt., is appointed until further orders to superintend the general military hospital." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Net" Windsor. ) Jime 11, 1781. Resolved, That the officers of the hospital and medical department now in service bo allowed the depreciation upon their pay in the same manner as officers of the line of the Army. * * * Res(>lved, That . . . all letters to and from him [the director of the hospital] be free. June IS, 1781. Resolved, That it l)e, and hereby is, recommended to the several States, to which the officers of the hospital and medical department now in service respectively belong, or of which they are or were inhabitants, to settle the accounts of the said officers for depreciation on the principles established b}^ the resolution of Congress of the 10th of April, 1780, and to make provision for paying the balances that may be found due. . . . July 10, 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be, and he is herebj', authorized, either by himself or such person or persons as he shall from time to time appoint for the purpose, to procure or contract all necessary suppli(\s for the use of the Army or armies of the United States, . . . and also for the transportation thereof. . . . THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 395 Septemher '20, 1781. Hcxolred, That the present vaoancios of hospital physicians and sur- geons be tilled up 1\y the senior surgeons of the hospital lately deranged; the eldest hospital mates or regimental surgeons as shall be recom- mended by the director and chief phj^sician and surgeon to the Army; That all future yacancies of hospital physicians and surgeons be tilled by the eldest i-egimental surgeons and hospital mates, who shall be reckoned of equal grades, who shall, upon examination, be found qualitied, and oI>tain a certiticate of recommendation from the director and chief physician and surgeon of the Army, or of the deputy director and chief physician in a separate department; That the persons requisite to till the higher grades in the hospital and medical department ])e appointed from time to time hy Congress according to merit and abilities; That all surgeons to regiments or corps not belonging to the line of an}' particular State ))o nominated ]\y the director of the hospitals and the chief physician and surgeon of the Ami} , subject to the approba- tion of the Commander in Chief, and shall be equally entitled to promo- tion to hospital physicians and surgeons with the regimental surgeons of States lines. On recommendation of the director appointed l\y the board of war, I^ew/red, That Dr. Joseph Young, a deranged senior surgeon, and Doctors Goodwin Wilson, Daniel Jenifer, Samuel Edmondson, and George Campbell, eldest surgeon's mates, be promoted to the rank of hospital physicians and surgeons to till the yacancies occasioned by the resignation of Doctors Bloomtield, Scott, Hagan, and Jackson, and the promotion of Dr. Burnet. On the recommendation of the deputy director, approved ))y the board of war, Me-solred, That Doctors Thomas Tudor Tucker and Vickers l)e appointed physicians and surgeons in the hospital for the southern department; That Daniel Smith be appointed assistant deputy purveyor and John Carne assistant deputy apothecary in the southern department. September 2^, 1781. Ordered., That no appointment be made of mates to supply the places of those promoted in the general hospital by the resolution of the 20th instant until the further order of Congress. October 2, 1781. — "Capt. Pike, of Col. Scammell's regt. of infantry, is appointed to superintend the military hospital at Williamsburgh." "The gentlemen in the Medical Dept. from South Carolina are desired to do duty in the general hospital at Williamsburgh." {Orders, General Headquarters, before York.) October 18, 1781. Res^olved., That Dr. Johnson, a hospital physician and surgeon, be, and he is hereby, authorized to do the duty of deputy purveyor for the military hospital in the Southern Department until the further order of Congress. 396 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. January J, IIS'B. Resolved^ That for the more recrular conducting- the generul hospital, the offices of chief physician and surgeon of the Army, and of chief hospital physician, be, and hereby are, abolished; and that the chief ph3\sician and surgeon to the Army, eldest in appointment, be con- tinued in service, under the title of physician, with the pay and emolu- ments heretofore allowed to a chief hospital physician; That the number of surgeons to all the military hospitals of the United States be reduced so as not to exceed fifteen; That the director have the general superintendence and direction of all the military hospitals, and of practice both in camp and in hospitals; That in the absence of the director, his duty devolve on the deput}^ director or physician, and in their absence on the hospital surgeon, according to seniority; That the director, or in his absence the senior medical officer, with the approbation of the Commander in Chief or commanding- g-eneral of a separate army, be, and hereby is, authoi-ized and empowered, as often as may be judged necessary, to call a medical board, which shall consist of the three senior medical officers then present; and it shall be the dut}' of such board to appoint all hospital mates, to examine all candidates for promotion in the hospital department, and recommend to the Secretary at War such as they judge best qualified; and gener- ally to take cognizance of, and give their opinion and advice on, every matter relative to the department which may be sulmiitted to them by the Commander in Chief or coumianding general of a separate army: Pro'vided alu-ai/K^ That no regulation, plan, or order of the board shall be valid and take ettect until approved by the Commander in Chief or commanding- general of a separate army and issued in general orders. That all returns heretofore ordered to be made by the director or deputy director to the medical conmiittee be made to the Secretary at War. That the stewards may, in the first instance, when the purveyor or his assistant is at a distance, be appointed by the director or senior medical officer, but shall be removable at pleasure and others substi- tuted in their stead by the purveyor or his assistant. And although in their purchases or issues they are to obey the orders of the pre- scribing surgeons, yet for the faithful discharge of their duty they are to be accountable to the purveyor, who shall in like manner be account- able to the United States. Wherefore the said stewards shall keep separate accounts of all they receive and of what they themselves pur- chase, and shall render an account monthly of all the issues, with their stock on hand, to the purveyor, who shall render the said accounts, together with a particular account of the supplies furnished by him- self or his assistants to each respective hospital, once every three months to the superintendents of finance. That the Secretary at War l)e, and he is hereby, empowered and directed, on or before the first day of February next, and hereafter from time to time, as the service may require, to arrange the depai't- ment agreeably to the foreg-oing- resolutions, and to issue his orders to such as he think proper to remain, paving a due regard in his first arrangement to such of the chief physicians and surgeons as may choose to continue in service in the rank of surgeons, and in his sub- sequent arrangements to such of the senior officers as may choose to remain in service. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 397 Tluit such of the officors as shall not l)e called into service agTeeal)ly to the fore^'oin^" resolution be considered as reduced by Congress, and be entitled to the emoluments granted by the act of Congress of the 17th of January, 1781. That when l)y reason of vacancies or otherwise any officer hereafter to be appointed in the hospital department, and whose appointment is reserved to Congress, due regard be paid to the officers next in rank, and that the appointment of hospital surgeons be from among the regi- mental surgeons and hospital mates: Proi'hled^ That no regimental surgeon shall be so appointed who shall not have submitted himself to an examination by the medical board and obtain from them a certificate that he is well qualified for the office of regimental surgeon, by which certificate the regimental surgeon shall be considered as superior in rank to an hospital mate, but not otherwise. Remh'ed^ That the director, deputy director, physician, surgeons, and mates, as well hospital as regimental, receive their pay out of the military chest at the same time and in the same manner as the army with which they serve; the abstracts to be signed by the director, deputy director, or physician, or in their absence by the senior hos pital surgeon; and the warrants to issue in the same manner as for the pay of the Army. January 10, 178'2. Hesolred, . . . ; the director, deput}" director, or superintend- ing surgeon of any hospital shall furnish them, the Inspector-General, or inspector of a separate army, with such returns as they ma}^ find necessar}" for the better execution of their office. * ■X- * Ordered, That the present purveyor of the hospital, who was lately assistant deputy director of the middle district, settle and certify the pa}^ and other allowance due to the officers of the late hospital depart- ment, north of Potomac, up to the Ith day of October, 1780, the time that a new choice of officers took place. January 16, 1782. Mesolved, That in the settlement of the accounts of such officers of the hospital and medical department as are entitled to an allowance for depreciation by any resolutions of Congress, the establishment of pay made upon the 8th day of April, 1777, be considered as specie. A^'id, 22, 1782. Remlved, That from and after the tirst day of May next all resolves of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are entitled to from the Quartermaster's Department, . . . be, and they are hereby, repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations, . . . affixed to their several ranks, \'ya: * -X- -X- Director-fieneral of the hospital 2 nitiouw per day. Chief physician and surgeon 2 do. Hospital surgeon 1 do. mate 1 do. steward 1 do. ward niastei- 1 do. 398 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May 7, HS'B. RrHoJrrd, That the .superintendent of finance he, and hereby is, authorized to appoint an inspector for the Main and kSouthern Army, to taivc care that the contracts for supplying- rations be duly executed by the contractors; that the said inspectors shall also l)e, and they are hereby, fully empowered and directed to attend to the expenditures of public property in the several departments of the Army, and report any fraud, neglect of duty, or other misconduct by which the public property is wasted, or expense unnecessarily accumulated, so that the party charged therewith may be tried by court-martial on such charges exhibited against him ])y either of the said inspectors; and that neither the said inspectors nor the said conti'actors, or their property, be liable to arrest or subject to martial law, except by the express order of the Conunander in Chief, or conunander of the army ^o which the inspect- oi's, respectively, shall l)e appointed, any resolution or act of Congress heretofore made notwithstanding. That the pay to each inspector be IHOf dollars per month in full of all allowances. That each inspector whtni appointed shall take an oath for the faith- ful and impartial execution of the trust reposed in him as inspector of the contracts of the Army. June 6', 1782. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy })wr\'eyor for the southern hospital; and, the ballots l)eing taken, Dr. N. Brownson was elected, haying been previously nominated ])y Mr. Bland. July 23, rrm. liesolred. That in conducting the ])usiness of the general hospital there j^hall be an invariable standard of prices established, l)y which the apothecary shall be charged with ever}" article he shall issue. The standard to be estaljiished l)y the medical board, or such person or persons as they shall appoint, which shall only be considered as a cer- tain ratio whereby to keep the accounts. But that in the settlement of all accounts in that department all deficient articles, not issued or returned, shall be accounted for at such real value as shall be estimated by the medical board and approved of l)y the Secretary at War. An account shall be taken as soon as possible of all the medicines, instrr.nicnts, and property in the apothecary's department belonging to the public, in the hands of the apothecary, the deputies, assistants, and mates, the surgeons of the hospitals, and surgeons of regiments, for Avhich they shall, severally be charged at the standard value ascer- tained ))y the board, as aforesaid, and for all the}" may hereafter receive, ))ut to account for deticiencies at the real value, to !)(> estimated as aforesaid. The apothecary shall be accountal)le for all articles in his department to the ])uryeyor throughout the States until they come into the hands of the prescribers. And all deputies, assistants, and mates shall make returns and be accountable to the apothecary for tlu^ medicini's, instru- ments, and other pi-operty ]>elonging to the pul)lic in the de])artment now in their hands, and of such as they may hereafter be possessed of. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. • 399 The apothecary shall make up his accounts at the expiration of every year, and settle them atj soon after as possible, and before the expira - tion of six months. He shall, at the same time, make out two returns for the director of the hospital, one specifying- what has been received and issued and the amount of what remains on hand, the other exhi])it- ing" a particular amount of the value of the medicines and other public property each prescriber has received within the year. All losses which may happen b}^ the events of war, and other cir- cumstances unavoidable, shall be borne by the public. In cases of losses by fraud or neglect in any deputy, assistant, or mate, the apothe. cary shall not.be accountable for such losses, provided the delinquent be convicted thereof before a court-martial appointed to try the same. The hospital prescribers shall be supplied, upon their own applica- tion, with medicines and instruments necessary for the sick and wounded under their care. Every reg-imental surgeon shall receive yearly from the apothecary a ;!upply of medicines to such amount, by the above standard, as the medical 1:)oard shall judge necessary. Every prescribing surgeon or physician, either in hospital or with the Arm}', shall l)e supplied l)y the apothecary with such a set of capi- tal instruments as the medical l)oard shall judge necessary, and shall be accountable for all losses in medicines and instruments not arising from the events of war and other circumstances unavoidable. Dupli- cates of all returns made by the apothecar}^ to the directoi' shall bo lodged in the war office. 7i*r.yrV/vY/, That in the Ai'my of the United States, excepting the southern army, at present under the command of Major-General Greene, the offices of assistant purvej'or and assistant apothecary, and the storekeepers under the purveyor and apothecary, except one store- keeper under the purveyor to keep a store near the army, and all the clerks, except two to the purveyor, shall hereafter 1)e discontinued. That all surgeons of the hospital shall take -rank after the director of the hospital, deputy director, and physician to the Arm}', in the following order, viz: Those surgeons of the hospital who have been either deputy director, physician-general, surgeon-general, chief phy- sician, or chief surgeon to the hospital or Army shall take rank next to the above-mentioned officers, and their relative rank to each other shall be according to the dates of their respective appointments to either of the above offices. That all such as were regimental surgeons when appointed senior physician or surgeon to the hospital shall take rank with such senior physicians and surgeons agreeably to the date of their lirst appoint- ment, whether to the regiment or hospital. All surgeons the date of whose tirst appointments either to regi- ments or hospitals shall have been on the same day shall decide their rank by lot. That for the more convenient subsistence of the officers of the hospi- tal department they be allowed, including their former allowance of rations and forage, as fojlows: The director of the hospital, four rations a day for himself and serv- ants, forage for two horses, and 25 dollars per month subsistence. The deputy director and physician, each three rations a day for him- self and s(M-\ants, forage for two horses, and 20 dollars per month subsistence. 400 LEC4ISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Ho.spitiil surgeons, eat-h two rations per day for himselt" and sorv ants, forage for two horses, and 15 dollars per month siil)sistence. Deputy purveyor and deputy apotheeary, each one ration per day, forage for one horse, and 10 dollars per month subsistence. Hospital mates, each one ration per day and 5 dollars per month subsistence. Stewards, each one ration per day and 5 dollars per month sub- sistence. Ward masters, each one ration per da}' and 3 dollars per month subsistence. That the above allowance of rations, forage, and subsistence to the officers of the hospital department, over and above what they were severally entitled to at the time of passing this act, shall be charged to them respectively as advances in part of their monthly pay. That in future the pay and allowance of the purveyor and apothecary be the same each as that of a hospital surgeon. That none of the aforesaid officers, or other persons emploj^ed in any of the hospitals, be entitled to rations, forage, or subsistence when on furlough. That the regulations respecting officers' servants, contained in the act of Congress of the 11th of March, 1780, shall not be construed to extend to the hospital department. November 12, 1782. — "Lt. Crook, of the 10th Massachusetts regt., is appointed to Huperintend the hospital at New VVindsor, vice the captain ordered for that duty the lOtii instant." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh.) Decemh^r J, US'B. Resolved^ That after the fore-mentioned period [the last daj' of December inst.], in lieu of the pay and rations allowed to officers of the hospital department, including rations for servants, they shall be entitled to the following.monthly pa}' and subsistence; provided . . . that when the said subsistence money shall not be paid, they shall be entitled to draw an equivalent number of rations at the rate of four dollars for each ration per month, viz: The director, 102 dollars pay and 60 dollars subsistence. The deputy director and physician, each 100 dollars pay and -18 dol- lars subsistence. The surgeons, each 90 dollars pay and 40 dollars subsistence. Apothecary and purveyor, each 1)2 dollars pay and 32 dollars sub- sistence. Deputy apothecary and deputy purveyor, each 59 dollars pay and 10 dollars subsistence. Mates, each 42 dollars pay and 12 dollars subsistence. Stewards, each 31 dollars pay and 8 dollars subsistence. Ward masters, each 21 dollars pay and 8 dollars subsistence. Ajn-n 17, 1783. Eemlved., That immediate measures be taken for the sale of . . . all such articles in the several military departments as may not be necessary for the use of the Army, previous to its reduction, or for the formation of magazines on a peace establishment. THE MEDICAL DEPAETMENT. 401 Ifay 16, 1783. Resolved,, That the commutation in lieu of half pay ... to the officers of the medical department and medical staff shall be calculated by what they are respectively entitled to, agreeal)ly to the resolutions of the 17th of January and 8th of May, 1781. October 31, 77^5.— Congress reported that Doctors Tilton, Otto (Bodo), Fredk. Otto, and Martin, of the hospital department, had accepted the commutation of 5 years' pay in lieu of half pay for life. January ^4^, 1781).. Besolved^ That the principals in the several departments of . . . the hospital be, and the}^ are hereb3^, ordered to transmit, as soon as may l)e, to the War Office, to be laid before Congress, exact returns of all the stores in their respective departments, specifying- the quantity and quality of each article, where deposited, in whose care, and in what manner secured. Septemher 6,. 1785. Ordered., That the Secretary at War, as soon as may be, cause to be made and transmitted to Congress an exact return of all . . . public stores, or property of every description, the custody of which is charged on the War Department; distinguishing the quantity or number, quality, and kind of each, and the several places of their deposits; and that he transmit a like return on the first Monday in January and the first Monday in Juh^ annuall3^ STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of April SO, 1790 {1 Stats., 119). AN ACT for regulating the military establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 5. That the troops aforesaid shall receive for their services the following enumerated monthly rates of pay: . , . Surgeons, thirty dollars; surgeons' mates, twenty-four dollars; . . . * * * Sec, 7. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of provisions, to wit: ... A surgeon, three; a surgeon's mate, two; . . . Act of March 3, 1791 {1 Stats., 222). AN ACT foi raising and adding another regiment to the military establishment of the United States, and for making further provision for the protection of the frontiers. * * * Sec. 13. That in case the nature of the service upon which the troops of the United States may be employed should require a greater num- ber of surgeons' mates than are provided for in the before-mentioned act (April 30, 1790), the President of the United States may engage from time to time such additional number of surgeons' mates as he shall judge necessary. * * * S. Doc. 229 26 402 LEGISLAIIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 6, 1792 {1 Stats., 2U). AN ACT for making further and more effectual provision for the protection of the frontiers of the United States. Sec. 7. That the monthly pay of the commissioned officers . . . shall be, in future, as follows, free of all deductions, to wit: General staff- — . . . Surgeon, seventy dollars . . . * * * Act of May 8, 1792 (1 Stats., 279). AN ACT making alterations in the Treasury and War Dejiartments. * * * Sec. 5. That all purchases and contracts for supplying the Army with ... all other supplies or articles for the use of the Depart- ment of War be made by or under the direction of the Treasury Department. Act ofFehruary 23, 1795 {1 Stats., ^19). AN ACT to establish the office of purveyor of public supplies.* Sec. 1. That there shall be in the Department of the Treasury an officer to be denominated ""purveyor of public supplies," whose duty it shall be, under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of the Treasury, to conduct the procuring and providing of . . . all arti- cles of supply requisite for the service of the United States, . . . -X- * * Act of March 3, 1795 {1 Stats., 4.30). AN ACT for continuing and regulating the military estal)lishment of the United States, and for repealing sundry acts heretofore passed ou that subject. Sec. 10. That the monthly pay of the officers, nonconunissioned officers, musicians, and privates on the military establishment of the United States be as follows, to wit: General staff— . . . Surgeon, $70 ... Sec. 11. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive for their daily subsistence the following num])er of rations of provisions, to wit: . . . ; a surgeon, as well hospital as regi- mental, three rations; a surgeon's mate, two rations; . Sec. 12. That the officers hereinafter described shall, whenever for- age shall not be furnished l)y the public, receive at the rate of the fol- lowing-enumerated simis per month instead thereof, to wit: . Surgeon-General, . . . twelve dollars; . . . surgeon, . . . ten dollars; . . . surgeon's mate, . . . six dollars; . . . 'Abolished, after May 31, 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812. THE MEDICAL DEPAETMENT. 403 Act of May 28, 1798 (1 Stats., 558.) AN ACT authorizing the President of the United States to raise a provisional army. * * -j;- Sec. 7. That in case the President shall judge the employment of a . . . phj^sician-general, . . . essential to the public inter- est, he is hereby authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint the same accordingly, who shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and emoluments which follow, viz, . . . ph3^sician- general . . . the pay and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel: Provided, That in case the President shall judge it expedient to appoint a . . . physician-general ... in the recess of the Senate, he is hereby authorized to make any or all of said appointments, and grant commissions thereon, which shall expire at the end of the next session of the Senate thereafter. * * -X- Sec. 9. That the . . . physician-general . . . who may be appointed by virtue of this act, shall . . . continue in commission during such term only as the President shall judge requisite for the public service. Sec. 10. That no commission or staff officer, who shall be appointed by virtue of this act, shall be entitled to receive pay and emoluments until he shall be called in actual service, nor for any longer time than he shall continue therein. Act of July 16, 1798 {1 Stats., 610). AN ACT to alter and amend the several acts for the establishment and i-egulation of the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments. * * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . . service of the United States shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officers of the Department of War, . . . and all agents or contractors for supplies or services as afore- said shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper department for which such supplies or services are required, subject nevertheless to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury in manner before prescribed. Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the purveyor of public supplies to execute all such orders as he may, from time to time, receive from the Secretary of War . . . relative to the procuring and provid- ing of all kinds of stores and supplies; and shall render his accounts relative thereto to the accountants of the proper departments, which accounts shall be subject to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury as aforesaid. Sec. 6. That the provision of the act passed on the eighth day of Ma}^ one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, intituled "An act making alterations in the Treasur}^ and War Departments," and the act passed on the tAventy-third day of February, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five, intituled ''An act to establish the office of purveyor of public supplies," so far as the same are repugnant to the provisions of this act, bo, and the same are hereby, repealed. 404 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 6. That all contracts to be made, l\y virtue of this act, or of an}^ law of the United States, and requiring- the advance of money, or to be in any manner connected with the settlement of public accounts, shall be deposited in the office of the Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States within ninet}^ days after their dates, respectively. Act (jf March ^, 1799 {1 Stats., 721). AN ACT to regulate the medical establishment. Sec. 1. That in the medical establishment of the United States there shall be the following officers : A phy sician-general,who shall be charged with the superintendence and direction of all military hospitals, and, generally, of all medical and chirurgical practice or service concei'niug the Army or Navy of the United States, and of all persons who shall be emploj^ed in and about the same, in camps, garrisons, and hospitals. An apothecary -general, and one or more deputies, who shall be charged with the safe-keeping and delivery of all medicines, instruments, dress- ings, and other articles for the use of the hospital and Army. A pur- veyor, who shall be charged with providing medicines, stores, and whatsoever else may be necessary in relation to the said practice or service. A competent number of hospital surgeons, who shall be liable to serve in the field, and who shall have the immediate charge and direction of such military hospitals as may be committed to their care, respectively. A suitable number of hospital mates, who are to observe the directions of the hospital surgeons and shall diligently perform all reasonable duties required of them for the recovery of the sick and wounded. Sec. 2. That each military hospital shall have a steward, with a competent number of nui'ses and other attendants; which steward shall be charged with the procuring of such supplies as may not otherwise be furnished and with the safe-keeping and issuing of all supplies. Sec. 3. That the said physician-general, hospital surgeons, purveyor, and apothecary and apothecaries, deputy or deputies, shall be appointed as other officers of the United States; that the said mates and stewards shall be appointed by the authority and at the direction of the said physician-general, subject to the eventual approbation and control of the President of the United States, and shall l)e removable by the authority of the said physician-general; and that the surgeon of each hospital shall appoint, employ, and fix the compensation of the nurses and other attendants of such hospital, subject to the control of the said physician-general, or the hospital surgeon of senior appointment, with a separate army, or in a sei)arate district. Sec. 4. That as often as the regimental sick will not suffer by the employing of the regimental surgeons or mates in the temporary or other hospitals of the United States, the physician-general, or the hos- pital surgeon, or senior appointment, with a separate array, or in a separate district, with the consent of the general and Commander in Chief, or the officer commanding a separate army may require the attendance of such surgeons, or surgeon's mates, as, in his opinion, can be with safety so withdrawn from their regiments. Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the physician-general, with two or more hospital surgeons, to frame a system of directions relative to THE MEDICAL DEPAETMENT. 405 the description of patients to be admitted into the hospitals; to the means of promoting- cleanliness in the hospitals; to the prevention of idleness, skulking', and gambling in the hospitals; to the prevention of the spread of infectious distempers in the camps and hospitals, and the government of nurses and all others charged with the care of the sick in camps and hospital, subject, in the tirst instance, to the appro- bation and revision of the Commander in Chief, the commander of a separate army, or in a separate district, as the case uvdj be, and, eventu- ally, to the approbation and control of the President of the United States: Provided always^ That the waid directions, having received the sanction of the Commander in Chief, or the commander of a separate army, shall be operative, and remain in full force, unless altered or annulled by the President of the United States. Sec. 6. That the compensations of the said several officers shall be as follows: Of the physician-general, one hundred dollars pay per month, and tifty dollars per month, which shall be in full compensation for forage, rations, and travelling expenses; of the purveyor, one hundred dollars pay per month in full compensation for his services, and all expenses; of the apothecary -general, eighty dollars pay per month, and thirty dollars per month in full compensation for forage, rations, and all expenses; of each of his deputies, fifty dollars pay per month, and sixteen dollars per month in full compensation for forage, rations, and all expenses; of each hospital surgeon, eight}^ dollars pay per month, and forty dollars per mouth in full compensation for forage, rations, and all expenses; of each mate, thirty dollars pay per month, and twenty dollars per month in full compensation for forage, rations, and all expenses; of each steward, twentj^-five dollars pay per month, and eight dollars per month in full compensation for forage, rations, and all expenses: Provided, That none of the officers aforesaid shall be entitled to any part of the pay or emoluments aforesaid until they shall, respectively, be called into actual service. Sec. 7. That, for the accommodation of the sick of the Army and Navy of the United States, the physician-general and the hospital surgeon of senior appointment, with the approbation of the general commanding the ami}- within the district w^here he shall be, shall have the power to provide temporary hospitals; and the physician-general, with the approbation of the President of the United States, shall have power to provide and establish permanent hospitals. Sec. 8. That all the said officers and others shall, as touching their several offices and duties, be liable to the rules and regulations for the government and discipline of the Army; and shall be bound to obey, in conformity with law and the usages and customs of armies, the orders and directions of the chief militar}^ officers of the respective armies, and within the respective districts in which they shall respectively serve and be. Sec. 9. That the physician-general, or, in his absence, the senior medical officer, with the approbation of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a separate army, be, and hereby is, authorized and empowered, as often as may be judged necessary, to call a medical board, which .shall consist of the three senior medical officers then pres- ent, whose duty it shall be to examine all candidates for employment or promotion in the hospital department, and to certify to the Secretary of War the qualifications of each. 406 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March S, 1799 {1 Stats., 7^). AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other purposes. •X- -x- * Sec. 24. That it shall be lawful for the Secretary of War to cause to be provided in each and every year all . . . medicines and hospital stores necessary for the troops and armies of the United States for the succeeding year, and for this purpose to make purchases and enter or cause to be entered into all necessar}^ contracts and obligations for effecting the same. -X- -x- -x- Act of March. 10, 1802 {^2 Stats., 132). AN ACT fixing the military jjeace establishment of the United States. Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . two surgeons, twenty-live surgeon's mates, to be attached to the garrisons or posts, and not to corps. Sec. 4. That the monthly pa}" of the officers ... be as fol- lows, to wit: ... to each surgeon, forty-live dollars; to each surgeon's mate, thirty doUars. . Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive for their dailv subsistence the following numlier of rations of provisions: ... a surgeon, three rations; a surgeon's mate, two rations . . . or money in lieu thereof, at the option of the said officers ... at the posts, respectively, where the rations shall become due; and if at such post supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed e([uital»le, having reference to former contracts and the position of the place in question; . . . to such matrons and nurses as may be necessarily emplo3'ed in the hospital, one ration each. . . . * -X- * Sec. 7. That the following officers shall, whenever forage is not furnished by the pul)lic, receive at the rate of the following sums per month in lieu thereof: . . . each surgeon, ten dollars; and each surgeon's mate, six dollars. Act of March 26, 180 J4, {2 Stats., 290). AN ACT in addition to "An act for fixing the military peace establishment in the United States." That there shall ])e appointed, in addition to the surgeon's mates provided for by the ''Act hxing the military peace establishment of the United States," as many surgeon's mates, not exceeding six, as the President of the United States may judge necessary, to be attached to garrisons or posts, agreeably to the provisions of the said act. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 407 Act of April m, 1808 {2 Stat.^., 481). AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force. * * * Sec. 3. That when, in the opinion of the President of the United States, a suitable proportion of the troops authorized by this act shall be raised, there may be appointed . . . such number of hospital surgeons and surgeon's mates as the service may require, but not exceeding- five surgeons and fifteen mates, with one steward and one ward master to each hospital. Sec. 4. That the compensation of the officers . . . noncommis- sioned officers . . . authorized l)y this act shall be, viz: . each hospital surgeon, seventy-five dollars per month, six rations per day, or an equivalent in money, twelve dollars per month for forage, when not furnished as aforesaid; each hospital surgeon's mate, forty dollars per month, two rations per day, or an equivalent in mone}^ and six dollars per month for forage, when not furnished as aforesaid; each hospital steward, twenty dollars per month, and two rations per day, or an equivalent in money; each ward master, sixteen dollars per month, and two rations per day, or an equivalent in money; . Provided, The officers . . . furnish their own horses and accou- trements, and actually keep in service the aforesaid number of horses to entitle them to the aforegoing allowance for forage, or its equivlent in money. * * * Sec. 8. That in the recess of the Senate the President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint all or any of the officers, other than the general officers, proper to be appointed under this act; which appointment shall be submitted to the Senate, at the next session, for their advice and consent. Sec. 9. That every . . . staff officer to be appointed in virtue of this act shall be a citizen of the United States, or some one of the Territories thereof. Act of January 11, 1812 (2 Stats., 671). AN ACT to raise an additional military force. * * * Sec. 4. That there shall be appointed . . . such number of hospital surgeons and mates as the service may require, with one stew- ard to each hospital. * * * Act of March S, 1813 {2 Stats., 816). AN ACT the better to provide for the supplies of the Army of the United States, and for the accountability of persons entrusted with the same. Sec. 2. [That the superintendent-general of military supplies shall] prescribe the forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies purchased, on hand, distributed, used, or sold, to be rendered by . . . the hospital surgeons and other officers belonging to the Hospital and Medical Departments. . . . 408 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 3. That . . . the principal hospital surgeons and officers belonging- to the Hospital and Medical Departments . , . shall render quarterly accounts of the disposition and state of all such stores and supplies to the superintendent aforesaid, and shall also make such other returns respecting the same, and at such other times as the Sec- retary for the War Department may prescribe: Proivded, h(ricevet\ That the accounts and returns thus rendered shall relate to the articles of supply onh', which may have been received and disposed of, or as may remain on hand, and shall not embrace the specie accounts for monies' disbursed by such officers, . . . which specie accounts shall be rendered as heretofore to the accountant for the War Department. Sec. 4. That the officers . . . who may receive monies in advance from the War Department shall render quarterly accounts to the accountant of the said Department of their specie receipts and dis- bursements, and shall moreover make such other monthly summary statements thereof to the Secretary of the said Department as he may prescribe. . . . Act of March 3, 18 IS (^ Stats., 819). AN ACT for the bettei' organizaticni of the general staff of the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 7. That for the better superintendence and management of the hospital and medical esta'nlishment of the Army of the United States, there shall be a physician and surgeon general, with an annual salary of two thousand five hundred dollars, and an apothecary-general with an annital salary of eighteen hundred dollars, whose respective duties and powers shall be prescribed by the President of the United States. * * * Sec. 11. That all letters and packets to and from the . . . phy- sician and surgeon general and apothecary-general which relate to their official duties shall be free from postage. Act of March 30, 18U {3 Stats., 113). AN ACT for the better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 9. That from and after the first day of June next, the officers of the Army shall be entitled to waiters agreeable to grade, as follows: . . . hospital surgeon, each one. . . . * * * Sec. 11. That the President of the United States be authorized to appoint so many assistant apothecaries as the service may, in his judg- ment, require, each of whom shall receive the same pay and emolu- ments as a regimental surgeon's mate. * * * Sec. 18. That the physician and the surgeon-general of the Army be entitled to two rations per day and forage for two horses. . . . THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 409 Act of March 3, 1815 {3 Stats., 224). AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. ■i -x- -X- Sec. 3. That there .shall be . . . such number of hospital sur-. geons and surgeon's mates as the service may require, not exceeding tive surgeons and tifteen mates, with one steward and one ward master to each hospital. * * * May 17, 1815. — . . . And the President of the United States has further judged projier that, in addition to the provision for a general staff, which is specifically made by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained, under the special authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge, without material injury to the service; and that the following shall be the GENERAL STAFF. * * * An apothecary -general and two assistant apothecaries, to be provisionally retained. Five hospital surgeons. Fifteen hospital surgeon's mates. Two garrison surgeon's, to be provisional!}^ retained. Ten garrison surgeon's mates, to be provisionally retained. * * * {General Orders, A. and I. G.'i^ Office.) Act of Aiwil 24, 1816 [3 Stats., 297). ' AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. That . . . the apothecary-general, as heretofore authorized, be allowed two assistant apothecaries. Sec, 2. That the medical staff shall be so extended that there shall be four hospital surgeons and eight hospital surgeon's mates to each division, with as many post surgeons as the service may require, not exceeding twelve to each division, who shall receive the same pay and emoluments as hospital surgeon's mates. . . . * * * Act of 2f arch 18, 1818 {3 Stats., 4,10). AN ACT to provide for certain persons engaged in the land and naval service of the United States, in the Revolutionary war. That . . . all officers in the hospital department and medical staff* who served in the war of the Revolution until the end thereof, or for the term of nine months, or longer, at any period of the war, in the continental establishment . . . who is yet a resident citizen of the United States, and who is, or hereafter, by reason of his reduced circumstances in life, shall be, in need of assistance from his country for support, and shall have substantiated his claim to a pension in the manner hereinafter directed, shall receive a pension from the United States; if an officer, of twenty dollars per month during life; . . . J^rovided, No person shall be entitled to the provisions of this act until he shall have relinquished his claim to every pension heretofore allowed him by the laws of the United States. 410 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. Act of April U, 1818 (;? Stats., m)- AN ACT regulating the staff of the Army. That so much of the act "fixing the military peace establishment of the United States," passed the third of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, as relates to hospital stewards and ward masters, and so much of the "Act for organizing the general staff, and making- further provision for the Army of the United States," passed April twenty-fourth, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen, as relates to hospital surgeons, hospital surgeons' mates, . . . be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Sec. 2. That there shall be one Surgeon-General, with a salary of two thousand five hundred dollars per annum, one assistant surgeon- general, with the emoluments of a hospital surgeon, . . . and that the num])er of post surgeons be increased, not to exceed eight to each division. * * * Ma\\ 1, 1820 [3-567). — Section 5 of thin act authorizes the President to direct a portion of the money appropriated respectively for the service of the Quartermaster's, Subsistence, and Medical departments to be applied to any other of the above- mentioned branches of expenditure. Act of May 8, 1820 {3 Stats., 670). AN ACT further to regulate the Medical Department of the Army. That the apothecary-general and assistant apothecaries-general shall severally give bonds to the United States, with good and suilicient security, for the faithful performance of their duties, in such sums as shall be required l)y the Surgeon-General of the Army, under the direction of the War Department. Act of March ^, 1821 (3 Sta.ts., 615). AN ACT to reduce and lix the military peace establishment of the United States. ■55- * ■ * Sec. 10. That the Medical Department shall consist of one Surgeon- General, eight surgeons, with the compensation of regimental sur- geons, and forty-five assistant surgeons, with the compensation of post surgeons. Act of March 3, 1825 (^ Stats., 127). AN ACT to authorize the sale of unserviceable ordnance, arms, and military stores. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to cause to be sold any . . . military stores, or . . . med- ical supplies, which, upon proper inspection or survey, shall appear to be damaged or otherwise unsuital)le for the public service, whenever, in his opinion, the sale of such unserviceable stores will be advantageous to the public service. Sec. 2. That the inspection or survey of unserviceable stores shall be made by an inspector-general, or such other officer or officers as the Secretary of War may appoint for that purpose; and the sales shall be made under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War. THE MEDICAL DEPAETMENT. 411 Act of June 28, 1832 (^ Stats., 550). AN ACT to increase the number of surgeons and assistant surgeons in the Army of the United States. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint four additional surg-eons and ten additional surgeons' mates in the Army of the United States. Act of June SO, 183Jp (^ Stats., 71J^. AN ACT to in(;rease and regulate the pay of the surgeons and assistant surgeons of the Army. That from and after the passing of this act no ]ierson shall receive the appointment of assistant surgeon in the Army of the United States unless he shall have been examined and approved b}^ an army medical board, to consist of not less than three surgeons or assistant surgeons, who shall be designated for that purpose by the Secretary of War; and no person shall receive the appointment of surgeon in the Army of the United States unless he shall have served at least five years as an assistant surgeon, and unless also he shall have been examined by an army medical board, constituted as aforesaid. Sec. 2. That the surgeons in the Army of the United States shall be entitled to receive the pay and emoluments of a major; and the assistant surgeons who shall have served five years shall be entitled to receive the pay and emoluments of a captain; and those who shall have served less than five years, the pay and emoluments of a first lieutenant, and that the said assistant surgeons shall be entitled to receive the same allowance for forage as they are at present entitled to. Sec. 3. That every surgeon and assistant surgeon who shall have served faithfully ten years in these grades, respectively, shall be entitled to receive an increase of rations per day equal to the number of rations to which he may be entitled under this act. Act of July Jf., 1836 {5 Stats., 117). AN ACT authorizing tlie ajipointment of additional paymasters, and for ot'ier purposes. * * * Sec. 4. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized and empowered to appoint three additional surgeons and five assistant surgeons, to be attached to the medical staff of the Armv. * * * Act of July 5, 1838 {5 Stats., 256). AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 12. That the stewards of hospitals at posts of more than four companies be hereafter allowed the pay, clothing, and rations of a sergeant of ordnance, and at all other posts the pay, clothing, and rations of the first sergeant of ;i company of infantry. 412 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 15. That every commissioned officer of the . . . staff, exclusive of general officers, shall be entitled to receive one additional ration per diem for every five years he may have served or shall serve in the Army of the United States. . . . * * * * Sec. 21, That all letters and packages on public business, to and from . . . the Surgeon-General , . . shall be free from postage. * * * Sec. 24. That hereafter the officers of the . . . Medical Depart- ment of the Army shall receive the pay and emoluments of officers of cavalry of the same grades, respectively, according to which they are now paid by existing laws. * -x- * Sec. 33. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint seven addi- tional surgeons; and that the officers whose appointment is authorized in this section shall receive the pay and allowances of officers of the same grades, respectively. Act of July 7, 1838 (.5 Stats., 308). AN ACT supplementary to an act entitled ' 'An act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight. That the act to which this is a supplement shall be, and the same hereby is, explained, limited, and modified as follows: * -X- -X- Nintli. That the said act shall be so construed as to allow the . Surgeon-General of the Army the additional rations therein granted to officers of the line and staff for every five years' service. Act ofAugud 23, 18It2i {5 Stats., 512). AN ACT respecting the organization of the Anny, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 4. That within one month after the passage of this act the offices of . . ., two surgeons, and ten assistant surgeons of the Army shall be abolished, and that number of . . . surgeons and assistant surgeons shall be discharged by the President, and they shall be allowed three months'* pay in addition to the pay and emoluments to which they may be entitled at the time of their discharge. Act ofJwne 18, 18J^6 {9 Stats., 17). AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled ' 'An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war Vjetween the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for other purposes. * * * • Sec. 6. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service of the United States in such numbers that the officers of the . . . medical depai'tments authorized by law be not sufficient to . . . furnishing them with the requisite medical attention, it shall be lawful THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 413 for the President to appoint, with the advice and consent "of the Senate, as many additional officers of said departments as the service may require, not exceeding . . . one surgeon and one assistant surgeon for each regiment; . . . the said surgeons and assistant surgeons to perform such duties as the President shall direct: Provided., That the said officers, shall be allowed the same pay and emoluments as are noAV allowed to officers of the same descriptions and grades in those departments, respectiveljs that they be subject to the rules and arti- cles of Avar, and continue in service only so long as their services shall be required in connection with the militia or volunteers. Act ofFelruary 11, 181^7 {9 Stats., 123). AN ACT to raise for a limited time an additional military force, and for other purposes. -X- ■ •::■ * Sec. 8. That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint two additional surgeons, and twelve additional assistant surgeons in the Regular Army of the United States, subject to the provisions of an act entitled "An act to increase and regulate the pay of the surgeons and assistant sur- geons of the Army," approved June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and thirty-four; and that the officers whose appointment is authorized by this section shall receive the pay and allowances of officers of the same grades, respectively; and that the rank of the officers of the Medical Department of the Army shall be arranged upon the same basis which at present determines the amount of their pay and emoluments: Pro- vi.ded, That the medical officers shall not, in virtue of such rank, be entitled to command in the line or other staff departments of the Army. ■^ * * Jul;/ 10, 1848 {9-246). — Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted men in the several corps of the Army. Act of July 19, I8J48 {9 Stats., 2Ji7)- AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplemental to an act entitled 'An act providing ior the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico,' " and for other purposes. * * -X- Sec. 3. That so much of said act passed on the eleventh of February, one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, as requires the discharge at the close of the war with Mexico of two additional surgeons and twelve additional assistant surgeons, as authorized by the eighth sec- tion of said act, . . . be, and the same is hereby, repealed: P7'o- vldcd. That no vacancy happening under the provisions so repealed shall be filled up until further authorized by law. Act of March 2, ISJfi {9 Stats., 351). AN ACT to provide for an increase of the medical staff and for an additional number of chaplains of the Army of the United States. That so much of section third of an act entitled "An act to amend an act entitled 'An act supplemental to an act entitled an act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and 414 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. the Republic, of Mexico, and for other purposes,'" approved July nineteenth, eighteen hundred and forty-eight, as prevents the tillhig of vacancies in the Medical Department of the Army, until further authorized by law, be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Sec. 2. That the medical staff of the Army be increased by the addition of ten assistant surgeons, to be appointed as provided by existing laws and the regulations made under them. ■ * * * September 28, 1850 (9-504). — Moneys received from the sale of military stores and other supplies exempted from operation of act of March 3, 1849, requiring certain moneys to be paid into the Treasury A\'ithout abatement or reduction. Act of March 3, 185 1 {9 Stats., 695). AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and support of invalid and dis- abled soldiers of the Army of the United States. That . . . the Surgeon -General . . . shall be ex officio commissioners of the same, . Act of August 16, 1856^ {11 Stats., 51). AN ACT providing for a necessary increase and better organization of the Medical and Hospital Department of the Army. That there be added to the Medical Department of the Army four surgeons and eight assistant surgeons, to be appointed in accordance Avith the existing laws. Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint, from the enlisted men of the Army, or cause to be enlisted, as many com})etcnt hospital stewards as the service may require, not to exceed one for each military post, and said hospital stewards to be mustered and paid on hospital nuister rolls as noncommissioned staff' officers, with the rank, pay, and emohiments of a sergeant of ordnance, and to be permanently attached to the Medical and Hospital Depart- ment, under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War. Act hysieal disability. That the medical Inspector-General or any medical inspector is hereby authorized and empowered to discharge from the service of the United States any soldier, or enlisted man, with the consent of such soldier or enlisted man, in the permanent hospitals, laboring under any physical disability which makes it disadvantageous to the service that he be retained therein, and the certificate in writing of such Inspector-General or medical inspector, setting forth the existence and nature of such physical disabilit}^ shall be sufficient evidence of such dischai'ge: Provided.^ however., That every such certificate shall appear on its face to have been founded on personal inspection of the soldier so discharged, and shall specifically describe the nature and origin of such disability; . . . and report the same to the Adju- tant-General and the Surgeon-General. Act of May 20, 1862' (12 Stats., 4.OS). AN ACT to authorize the appointment of medical storekeepers and ciiaplains of hospitals. That the Secretary of War be authorized to add to the Medical Department of the Ami}' medical storekeepers, not exceeding six in number, who shall have the pay and emoluments of military store- keepers in the Quartermaster's Department, who shall be skilled apoth- ecaries or druggists, who shall give the bond and security required hy existing laws for military storekeepers in the Quartermaster's Depart- ment, and who shall be stationed at such points as the necessities of ' Section 2 autliorizes the appointment of a chajilain to each permanent hosjiital, whose pay shall be the same as that of a regimental chaplain. THE MEDICAL DErAllTMENT. 41iJ the Army may require: Proolded^ That the provisions of this act shall remain in force only during' the continuance of the present re])ellion. ■X- -X- -X- JuneS, 1SG2 {12-411). — Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed l)y him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and l)lank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. Act of July ^, 1862 {m Stats. ^ 602). AN ACT to provide for additional medical officers of the volunteer service. That there shall ])e appointed l)y the President, b}- and with the advice and consent of the Senate, forty surgeons and one hundred and twenty assistant surgeons of volunteers, who shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of officers of corresponding grades in the Regular Army: ProvhlrtJ^ That no one shall be appointed to any position under this act unless he shall previously have been examined l)y a board of medical officers to be appointed by the Secretary of War, and that vacancies in the g'rade of surgeon shall be filled by selection from the grade of assistant surgeon on the ground of merit only: And provided further., That this act shall continue in force only during the existence of the present rel)ellion. Sec. 2. That from and after the passage of this act In-igade surgeons shall be known and designated as surgeons of volunteers, and shall be attached to the general medical staff, under the direction of the Surgeon- General; and hereafter such appointments for the medical service of the Army shall be appointed surgeons of volunteers. -X- * * July 17, 1862 {12-594) ■ — Contractors for military supplies guilty of fraud to be subject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This jirovision was extended by section 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents and to all inspectors of military supplies. Act (fJuhj 17, 1802 {12 Stats., 597). AN ACT to amend tlie act calling forth the militia to execute tlie laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved February twenty-eighth, seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the acts amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. -X- * * Sec. 16. That the medical purveyors and storekeepers shall give bonds in such sums as the Secretary of War may require, with security to be approved by him. Act ofDcconhcr 27, 1862 {12 Stats., 633). AN ACT to facilitate the discharge of disabled soldiers from the Army, and the inspection of convalescent camps and hospitals. That there shall be added to the present Medical Corps of the Army eight medical inspectors, who shall, immediately after the passage of this act, be appointed by the President, by and with the ad\ ice and consent of the Senate, without regard to their rank when so selected, })iit with sole regard to qualifications, and who shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments now authorized by law to officers of that grade. 420 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 2» That the officers of the medical inspector's department shall 1)6 charged, in addition to the duties now assigned to them by existing laws, with the duty of making regular and frequent insi)ections of all military general hospitals and convalescent camps, aiid shall, upon such inspection, designate to the surgeon in charge of such hospitals or camps, all soldiers who may be, in their opinion, lit subjects for dis- charge from the service, on surgeon's certificate of disability, or suf- ficiently recovered to be returned to their regiments for duty, and shall see that such soldiers are discharged or so returned. And the medical inspecting officers are hereby empowered, under such regulations as may be hereafter established, to direct the return to duty or the dis- charge from the service, as the case may be, of all soldiers designated by them. Act of March 3, 1S63 {12 Stats., 7Jf3). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Enghieers and of the r)r(huince Department, and for other purposes. Sec. 8. That the officers of the Medical Department shall unite with the line officers of the Army, under such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War, in supervising the cooking within the same as an important sanitary measure, and that said ]\Ied- ical Department shall promulgate to its officers such regulations and instructions as may tend to insure the proper preparation of the ration of the soldier. Act of March 11, 1861,. {13 Stats., 30). AN ACT to eHtabUnli a uniform s^■ptem of ambulances in the armies of the United States. That the medical director or chief medical officer, of each army corps shall, under the control of the medical director of the army to which such army corps belongs, have the direction and supervision of all ambulances, medicine, and other wagons, horses, mules, harness, and other fixtures appertaining thereto, and of all officers and men who may be detailed or employed to assist him in the management thereof , in the army corps in which he may be serving. Sec. 2. That the couunanding officer of each army corps shall detail officers and enlisted men for service in the ambulance corps of such army corps, upon the following basis, viz: One captain, who shall be commandant of said ambulance corps; one first lieutenant for each division in such army corps; one second lieutenant for each brigade in such army corps; one sergeant for each regiment in such army corps; three privates for each ambulance, and one private for each wagon; and the officers and noncommissioned officers of the ambulance corps shall be mounted: Prodded, That the officers, noncommissioned officers, and i)rivates so detailed for each army corps shall be examined by a hoard oF medical officers of such army corps as to their fitness for such duty; and that such as are fotind to l)e not (qualified shall be rejected and others detailed in their stead. THE MEDICAL DEPAKTMENT. 421 Sec. 3. That there .shall be allowed and furnished to each arm}^ corps two-horse .unbulanecs, upon the following basis, to wit: Three to each regiment of infantry of five hundred men or more; two to each regi- ment of infanti'v of more than two hundred and less than five hundred men or more; and one to each regiment of infantry of less than two hundred men; two to each regiment of cavalry of live hundred men or more; and one to each regiment of cavalry of less than five hundred men; one to each battery of artillery, to which battery of artillery it shall be permanently attached; to the headquarters of each army corps, two such ambulances; and to each division ti'ain of ambulances, two army wagons; and ambulances shall be allowed and furnished to divi- sion brigades and commands n'ot attached to any army corps upon the same basis, and each ambulance shall be provided with such number of stretchers and other appliances as shall be prescribed by the Surgeon- General: Provided^ That the ambulances and wagons herein mentioned shall be furnished, so far as practicable, from the ambulances and wagons now in the service. Sec. 4. That horse and mule litters may be adopted or authorized b}" the Secretary of War, in lieu of ambulances, when judged neces- sary, under such rules and regulations as may be presci'ibed by the medical director of each army corps. Sec. 5. That the captain shall be the commander of all the ambu- lances, medicine, and other wagons in the corps under the immediate direction of the medical director or chief medical ofiicer of the army corps to which the ambulance corps belongs. He shall pay special attention to the condition of the ambulances, wagons, horses, mules, harness, and other fixtures appertaining thereto, and see that they are at all times in readiness for service; that the officers and men of the ambulance corps are properly instructed in their duties, and that their duties are performed, and that the regulations which may be pre- scribed by the Secretary of War or the Surgeon-General for the gov- ernment of the ambulance corps are strictly observed by those under his command. It shall be his duty to institute a drill in his corps, instructing his men in the most easy and expeditious manner of mov- ing the sick and wounded, and to require in all cases that the sick and wounded shall be treated with gentleness and care, and that the ambu- lances and wagons are at all times provided with attendants, drivers, horses, nudes, and whatever maybe necessary for their efficiency; and it .shidl be his duty also to see that the ambulances are not used for any other purpose than that for which they are designed and ordered. It shall be the duty of the medical director or chief medical officer of the army corps, previous to a march and previous to and in time of action, or whenever it may be necessary to use the ambulances, to issue proper orders to the captain for the distribution and management of the same, for collecting the sick and w^ounded and conveying them to their destination. And it shall be the duty of the captain, faithfully and diligently to execute such orders. And the officers of the ambulance corps, including the medical director, shall make such reports from time to time as may be reijuired by the Secretary of: War, the Surgeon- General, and medical director of the Army, or the commanding officer of the army corps in which they may be serving; and all reports to higher authority than the conunanding officer of the army corps shall be transmitted through the medical director of the Army to which such army corps belongs. 422 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 6. That the lir.st lieutenant assigned to the ambulance corps for a division shall have complete control, under the captain of his corps and the medical director of the army corps, of all the ambulances, medicine, and other wagons, horses, mules, and men in that portion of the ambulance corps. He shall be the acting assistant quartermaster for that portion of the ambulance corps, and will receipt for and be responsible for all the property belonging to it, and be held responsi- ble for anv deliciency in anything appertaining thereto. He shall have a traveling cavalry forge, a blacksmith, and a saddler, who shall be under his orders, to enable him to keep his train in order. He shall have authority to draw supplies from the depot ([uartermaster upon requisitions approved by the captain of Eis corps, the medical director, and the commander of the army corps to which he is attached. ^ It shall be his duty to exercise a constant supervision over his train in every particular, and keep it at all times ready for service. Sec. 7. That the second lieutenant shall have command of the portion of the ambulance corps for a brigade, and shall be under the inunediate orders of the first lieutenant, and he shall exercise a careful supervision over the sergeants and privates assigned to the portion of the ambu- lance corps for his l)rigade; and it shall be the duty of the sergeants to conduct the drills and inspections of the ambulances, under his orders, of their respective regiments. Sec. 8. That the ambulances in the armies of the United States shall be used only for the transportation of the sick and wounded, and, in urgent cases only, for medical supplies, and all persons shall be pro- hibited from using them, or requiring them to )>e used, for an}- other purpose. It shall bo the duty of the officers of the ambulance corps to report to the connnander of the army corps any violation of the pro- visions of this section, or any attempt to violate the same. And any officer who shall use an ambidance, or require it to be used for any other purpose than as provided in this section, shall for the first offense be publicly reprimanded l)y the commander of the army corps in which he may be serving, and for the second offense shall be dismissed from the service. Sec. 9. That no person except the proper medical officers, or the officers, nonconnnissioned officers, and privates of the ambulance corps, or such persons as may l)e especially assigned l)y competent military authority to duty with the ambulance corps for the occasion, shall be permitted to take or accompany sick or wounded men to the rear either on the march or upon the field of battle. Sec. 10. That the officers, nonconnnissioned officers, and privates of the ambulance corps shall be designated by such uniform or in such manner as the Secretary of AVar shall deem proper: Provided, That officers and men may be relieved from service in said corps and others detailed to the same', subject to the examination ])rovided in the second section of this act, in the discretion of the commanders of the armies in which they may T)e serving. Sec. 11. That it shall l)e the duty of the commander of the army corps to transmit to the Adjutant-General the names and rank of all officers and enlisted men detailed for service in the ambulance corps of such army corps, stating the organizations from which they may have been so detailed; and if such officers and men belong to volun- teer organizations, the Adjutant-General shall thereupon notify the governors of the se\'eral States in Avliich such organizations were THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 423 raised of their detail for such service, and it shall be the duty of the commander of the army corps to report to the Adjutant-General from time to time the conduct and behavior of the officers and enlisted men of the ambulance corps, and the Adjutant-General shall forward copies of such reports, so far as they relate to officers and enlisted men of volunteer organizations, to the governors of the States in which such organizations were raised. Sec. 13. That nothing in this act shall be construed to diminish or impair the rightful authority of the commanders of armies, army corps, or separate detachments, over the medical and other officers and the noncommissioned officei-s and privates of their respective commands. April 9, 1864 (10-46). — Commanders of hospitals to afford to chaplains on duty thereat such facilities as may aid them in the performance of their duties. J7ilt/ 4, 1S64. — Hospital matrons, from, and after July 1, to receive $10 per month and 1 ration. Act ofFchruary 9.6, 1865 {13 Stats., 1,37). ■ AN ACT to increase the efiiciency of the Medical Cori)s of the Army. That the medical director of an army in the lield consisting of two or more army corps, and the medical director of a military depart- ment in which there are United States general hospitals containing four thousand beds or upwards, shall have the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of a colonel of cavalry; and the medical director of an army corps in the field, or of a department in which there are United States hospitals containing less than four thousand beds, shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry. But this increased rank and pay shall only continue to medical officers while discharging such special duties; and the assignments from time to time to such duty shall be at least two-thirds of them made from among the surgeons and assistant surgeons of volunteers. March 10, 1S66 (14-351). — Authorizes issue of blankets, bedding, etc., in the stores of the Surgeon-General and no longer needed to the National Home for Soldiers and Sailors' Orphans of Washington City. Jul If 14, 186G (14-364). — Surplus bedding and hospital furniture may be issued to families rendered homeless and destitute by fire in Portland, Me. July 16, 1866 (14-173). — Medical stores and attendance may be furnished to desti- tute refugees and freedmen. Ax^t of July 2S, 1866 {IJ^ Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military jieace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 17. That the Medical Department of, the Army shall hereafter consist of one Surgeon-General with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; one assistant surgeon-general with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry; one chief medical pur- veyor and four assistant medical purveyors with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels of cavalry, who shall give the same bonds which arc or may be required of assistant paymaster-generals of like grade, and shall, when not acting as purveyors, be assignable to duty as surgeons by the President; sixt}^ surgeons with the rank, pay, and emoluments of majors of cavalry; one hundred and fifty assistant surgeons with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenants of cavalry 424 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. for the first three years' service, and with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of captains of cavalry after three years' service; and five medi- cal storekeepers with the same compensation as is now provided by law; and all the original vacancies in the grade of assistant surgeon shall be filled by selection by examination from among the persons who have served as staff or regimental surgeons, or assistant surgeons of volunteers in th« Arm}' of the United States two years during the late war; and persons who have served as assistant surgeons three j^ears in the volunteer service shall be eligible for promotion to the grade of captain; and the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to appoint from the enlisted men of the Army, or cause to be enlisted, as manj hospital stewards as the service may require, to be per- manently attached to the Medical Department, under such regulations as the Secretary of War may prescribe. * * -x- Sec. 23. That the . . . Surgeon-General . . . shall here- after be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong, and no person shall be appointed to any vacancy created by this act in the . . . medical . , . departments until he shall have passed the examination now required l)y law. Act of March 2, 1867 {IJ^, Stats., AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase of the pay of officers in the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 5. That so nuich of the act entitled "An act to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States," approved July twenty-eight, eighteen hundred and sixt3^-six, as related to the promo- tion of assistant surgeons after three years' service shall be amended so as to read "And persons who have served as surgeons or assistant surgeons three years in the volunteer force shall be eligible for pro- motion to the grade of captain." * % * Marcli 2, 1867 {14-571). — Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. March 22, 1867 (i5-.fi).— Surplus medical stores may be sold at first prices to the National Asylum for Disabled Volunteers. Besolution of 3f arch 12, 1868 {16 Stats., 260). A EESOLUTION providing for the issue of clothing to soldiers and others to replace clothing destroyed to prevent contagion. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized at any time, on the recommendation of the Surgeon-General of the Army, to order gratuitous issues of clothing to soldiers who have had contagious diseases, and to hospital attendants who have nursed and attended such soldiers, to replace the articles of their clothing which have been destroyed by order of the proper medical officers to prevent contagion. June 25, 1868 {15-254). — All distilled spirits produced during experiments for testing meters for the Internal-Revenue Service to be sold to the Surgeon-General for use in the army hospitals. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 425 Act ofJ>,/,/ ;i?7, 1868 (IS Stats., AN ACT making appropriations for the service of the Colunibia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb and establishing additional i-egulations for the government of the institution, and for other purposes. Sec. 6. . . . That all expenditures for the said Providence Hos- pital and appropriations of Congress shall be made under tne direction and control of tlie Surg-eon-General of the Army, whose dut}' it shall be to report at the December session of ever}^ Congress a full and com- plete statement of all expenses incurred under and by virtue of appro- priations made by Congress. Sec. Y. . . . all expenditures for the Columbia Hospital for Women and Lying-in Asylum shall be under the direction of the Sur- geon-Creneral of the Army, who shall also report to Congress at every December session a full and accurate account of all expenditures made by said asj'lum out of appropriations by Congress. . . March 3, 1869 {15-301). — Contract for hospital treatment of 60 transient paupers, etc., in Washington to be made by the Surgeon-General. [In 1872 the contract was to be made by the Secretary of War; in 1874 the number of transients was increased to 75; and since 1876 the duty was intrusted to the Surgeon-General and Providence Hospital designated as the institution.] Act of March S, 1869 {lo Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtietli, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. Sec. 6. That vmtil otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions ... in the Medical Department. Act of June 17. 1870 {16 Stats., 153). AN ACT to provide for furnishing artilieial liml)S to disabled soldiers. That every soldier who was disabled during the late war for the suppression of the rebellion, and who was furnished by the War Department with an artificial limb, or apparatus for resection, shall be entitled to receive a new limb or apparatus as soon after the pas- sage of this act as the same can be practicably furnished, and at the expiration of every five j^ears thereafter, under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Surgeon-General of the Army: Provided, That the soldier may, if he so elect, receive instead of said limb or api^aratus the money value thereof at the following rates, viz: For artificial legs, seventy-five dollars; for arms, fifty dollars; for feet, fifty dollars; for apparatus for resection, fifty dollars. Sec. 2. That the Surgeon-General shall certify to the Commissioner of Pensions a list of all soldiers who have elected to receive money comnuitation instead of limbs or apparatus, with the amount due to each, and the Commissioner of Pensions shall cause the same to be paid to such soldiers . . . 426 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March m, 181 '2 {17 Stats., 1^0). AN AOT to jirovide for the designation of a chief medical })urveyor. That the President of the United States be, and hereby is, author- ized to appoint by selection from the present assistant medical pur- veyors, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a chief medical purveyor of the Army to till the vacancy now existing. Noth- ing- herein shall l>e construed to increase the pay of the officers appointed to till said vacancy. Mail 15, 1872 {17-117). — This act estabhshes rates of pav of liospital stewards from and after July 1, 1872. (See sec. 1280, R. S.) Act of May 28, 187 "2 {17 Stats., 16 J^). AN ACT to provide for furnishing trusses to disabled soldiers. That every soldier of the Union Army who was ruptured while in the line of duty during the late war for the suppression of the rebel- lion shall be entitled to receive a single or doul)le truss of such style as may be designated by the Surgeon -General of the United States Army as the best suited for such disability. Sec. 2. That application for such truss shall be made by the ruptured soldier to an examining surgeon for pensions, whose duty it shall be to examine such applicant, and for every such applicant found to have a rupture or hernia shall prepare and forward to the Surgeon-General an application for such truss, without charge to the soldier. Sec. 3. That the Surgeon-General of the United States Army is hereby authorized and directed to purchase and procure the number of trusses which may be required for distribution to such disabled sol- diers, at a price not greater than the same are sold to the trade at wholesale; and the cost of the same shall be paid, upon the requisition of the Surgeon-General, out of any moneys in the Treasury not other- wise appropriated. Act of June 8, 1872 {17 Stats., 338). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act supplementary to an act to provide for furnishing artificial limbs to disabled soldiers," approved June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy. That the acts approved June seventeen, eighteen hundred and sev- enty, and June thirty, eighteen hundred and seventy, for supplying artificial limbs, or commutation for the same, to officers, soldiers, and seamen, shall apply to all officers, noncommissioned officers, enlisted and hired men of the land and naval forces of the United States who, in the line of their duty as such, shall have lost limbs or sustained bodily injuries depriving them of the use of any of their limbs, to be determined b}^ the Surgeon-General of the Army. * * -X- June 10, 1872 (17-347).— Aher June 30, 1872, control of Freedmen's Hospital is to be vested in the Secretary of War [presumably under the supervision of the Surgeon- General]. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 427 Act of March 3, 1873 {17 Stat.82). AN ACT to provide for the eatablishnient of a military prison, and for its govern- ment. k5EC. 4. That the officers of the prison shall consist of ... a surgeon, . . . who shall l)e detailed b}^ the Secretary of War from the commissioned officers of the Army; . Remlution of Marclt '2b, 187 J4. {18 iStats., 286). JOINT RESOLUTION authorizing the Secretary of War to detail a medical officer of the Army to inquire into and report upon the causes of epidemic cholera. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to detail one medical officer of the Army, who shall, during the present year, under the direction of the Surgeon-General of the Army, . . . visit the towns at which cholera prevailed during eighteen hundred and seventy-three, or such of them as in the opinion of the Surgeon-General . . . may be necessary, confer with the health authorities and resident physicians of such towns, and collect as far as possible all facts of importance with regard to such epidemic, and shall make a detailed report of the information collected on or before the first day of January, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, to the President, to be submitted to Congress. And the Surgeon-General is hereby authorized and directed to report to the Secretary of War, for publication, such information on the subject as he may have or shall obtain. Act of June 23, 187 J^ {18 Stats., 2U). AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army. * * * Sec. 4. That the Medical Department of the Army shall hereafter consist of one Surgeon-General, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; one assistant surgeon-general, and one chief medical purveyor, each with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel; and two assistant medical purveyors, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels, who shall give the same bonds which are or ma}" ])e required of assistant paymasters-general of like grade, and .shall, Avhen not acting as purveyors, be assignable to dut}" as sur- geons by the President; fifty surgeons with the rank, pay, and emolu- ments of majors; one hundred and fift}" assistant surgeons, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenants of cavalry for the first five years' service, and with the rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of cavalry after five years' service; and four medical storekeepers, with the same compensation as is now provided l)y law; and all the original vacancies in the grade of assistant surgeon shall be filled by selection h\ competitive examination; and the Secretary of W^ar is hereb}^ authorized to appoint, from the enlisted men of the Army, or cause to be enlisted, as many hospital stewards as the service may require, to be permanently attached to the Medical Department, under such regu- 428 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. lations as the Secretary of War may prescribe. And the number of contract surgeons shall be limited to seventy-five, on or before the first day of January, eighteen hundred and seventy-five; and there- after no more than that number shall be employed. * * * Sec. 6. That no oflScer now in service shall be reduced in rank or mustered out))y reason of any provision of law herein made, reducing the number of oflicers in any department or corps of the staff. Sec. 7. That as vacancies shall occur in any of the grades of the . . . medical departments, no appointments shall be made to fill the same until the numbers in such grade shall be reduced to the luimbers which are fixed for permanent appointments by the provi- sions of this act; and thereafter the number of permanent ofiicers in said grades shall continue to conform to said reduced numbers, and ail other grades in said . . . medical departments than those authorized by the provisions of this act shall cease to exist as soon as the same shall become vacant by death, resignation, or otherwise; and no appointment or promotion shall hereafter be made to fill any vacancy which may occur therein. Sec. 8. That so much of section six of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other pur- poses," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as applies to the . . . medical departments of the Army be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That this section repealing said section shall not apply to any of the grades of the medical . . . departments which are omitted or abolished by the provisions of this act. Act of January 1st, 1875 {18 Stats., 29 Jf). AN ACT suspending so much of the act entitled "An act reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army," approved June twenty-third, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, as applies to contract surgeons. That so much of the act entitled "An act reorganizing the several staff corps of the Arm}^'" approved June twenty-third, eighteen hun- dred and seventy-four, as applies to contract surgeons, be, and is hereby, suspended until otherwise provided by law. Act of June m, 1876 {19 Stats., 61). AN ACT to reduce the number and increase the efficiency of the medical corps of the United States Army. That the number of assistant surgeons now allowed by law shall be reduced to one hundred and twenty -live; that the oifice of medical stoi'e- keeper is hereby abolished; that from and after the passage of this act, in addition to the grades now allowed by law, there shall be four surgeons with the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonels; eight sur- geons with the rank, pay, and emoluments of lieutenant-colonels, to be promoted by seniority from the medical oflicers of the Army; that this act shall not be construed to deprive any medical officer or store- keeper now in office of his conmiission in the United States Army. August 15, 187G {19-203). — The Surgeon-General to prescribe regulations to govern the issue, once every five years, of artificial limbs or appliancegi, or commutation therefor, to officers and men who shall have lost a limb or sustained injuries depriv- mg them of the use of any of their limbs. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 429 REVISED STATUTES— 2D EDITION— 1878. * -X- * Sec. 1094. The Arm}- of the United States shall consist of— * * * The Medical Department. The hospital stewards of the Medical Department. * * * a hospital steward for each military post. * * * . Sec. 1127. Commanders of hospitals to afford to chaplains on duty thereat such facilities as may aid them in the performance of their duties. * -x- * Sec. 1168. The Medical Department of the Arm}^ shall consist of one Surg-eon-General, with the rank of brigadier-g'eneral; one assistant siirgeon-g-eneral, with the rank of colonel of cavalry; one chief med- ical purveyor and four assistant medical purveyors, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; sixty surgeons with the rank of major of cavalry; one hundred and fifty assistant surgeons, with the rank of lieutenant of cavalry for the first three years of service, and the rank of captain of cavalry after three years of service; and five medical store- keepers, with the rank of captain of cavalrv. All the original vacan- cies in tlie grade of assistant surgeon shall be filled by selection by examination from among the persons who have served as staif or regi- mental surgeons or assistant surgeons of volunteers in the Army of the United States during the late war. Sec. 1169. Officers of the Medical Department of the Army shall not be entitled in virtue of their raids to command in the line or in other staff corps. Sec. 1170. Assistant surgeons who have served three years as sur- geons or assistant surgeons in the volunteer forces shall be eligible to promotion to the grade of captain. Sec. 1171. The chief medical purveyor and the assistant medical purveyors ma}' be assigned by the President to duty as surgeons when not acting as purveyors. Sec. 1172. No person shall receive the appointment of assistant sur- geon unless he shall have been examined and approved by an army medical board, consisting of not less than three surgeons or assistant surgeons, designated by the Secretary of War; and no person shall receive the appointment of surgeon unless he shall have served at least five 3^ears as an assistant surgeon in the Regular Army, and shall have been examined and approved by an army medical board, consisting of not Jess than three surgeons, designated as aforesaid. Sec. 1173. The chief medical purveyor shall have, under the direc- tion of the Surgeon-General, supervision of the purchase and distri- bution of the hospital and medical supplies. Sec. 1174. The ofiicers of the Medical Department of the Army shall unite with the officers of the line under such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War in superintending the cooking done by the enlisted men; and the Surgeon-General shall pro- mulgate to the officers of said corps such regulations and instructions as may tend to insure the proper preparation of the ration of the soldier. Sec. 1175. Sucli quantities of fresh or preserved fruits, milk, but- 430 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. ter, and eggs as ma,y be necessary for the proper diet of the sick may be allowed in hospitals. They shall be provided' under such rules as the Surgeon-General, with the approval of the Secretary of War, shall prescribe. Sec. 1170. Every soldier of the Union Army who was ruptured while in the line of duty during the war for the suppression of the rebellion is entitled to receive a single or double truss, of such style as may be designated by the Surgeon-General as liest suited for his disability. Sec. 1177. Application for such truss shall be made by the ruptured soldier to an examining surgeon for pensions, whose duty it shall be to examine the applicant, and when found to have a rupture or hernia to prepare and forward to the Surgeon-General an application for such truss without charge to the soldier. Sec. 1178. The Surgeon-General is authorized and directed to pur- chase the trusses required for such soldiers at wholesale prices, and the cost of the same shall be paid upon the requisition of the Surgeon- General out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated. Sec. 1179. There shall be one hospital steward for each military post, who may be enlisted in that grade or appointed by the Secre- tary of War from the enlisted men of the Army, and shall be perma- nently attached to the Medical Corps, under such regulations as he may prescribe. Sec. 1180. The Secretary of War may appoint from the enlisted men of the Army, or cause to be enlisted, as many hospital stewards •as the service may require, to be permanently attached to the Medical Corps, under such regulations as he ma}' prescribe. Sec. 1181. Hospital stewards shall be graded as hospital stewards of the first class, hospital stewards of the second class, and hospital stewards of the third class. * * ■ * Sec. 1191, . . . , the chief medical purveyor and assistant med- ical purveyors and all storekeepers shall, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, give good and suffi.cient bonds to the United States, in such sums as the Secretary oi War may direct, faithf ull}^ to account for all public moneys and property which they may receive. The President may at any time increase the sums so prescribed. ... * * * Sec. 1193. The . . . Surgeon-General . . . shall be appointed b}' selection from the corps to which they belong. Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law, there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in the . . . medical departments. * * * Sec. 1238. Women may be employed, instead of soldiers, as nurses in general or permanent hospitals, at such times and in such numbers as the Surgeon-General or the medical officer in charge of any such hospital may deem proper. Sec. 1239. Hospital matrons and nurses may be employed in post or regimental hospitals in such numbers as may be necessar3\ * * * Sec. 1211. The President may cause to be sold any military stores which, upon proper inspection or surve}', appear to be damaged or THE MEDICAL DEPARTME]S^T. 431 unsuital)lc for the pul>lic service. Such inspection or survey shall I'le made ))y officers desig-nated by the Secretary of War, and the safes shall be made under regulations prescribed by him. * * * Sec. 1277. Hospital matrons in post or regimental hospitals shall receive ten dollars a month, and female nurses in general hospitals shall receive forty cents a day. One ration in kind or hy commutation shall be allowed to each. * * * Sec. 1280. The monthly pay of the following enlisted men of the Army shall, during the tirst term of enlistment, be as follows, with the contingent additions thereto hereinafter provided: * * * Hospital stewards, first class, thirty dollars. Hospital stewards, second class, twenty-two dollars. Hospital stewards, third class, twenty dollars. Section 1281 adds |1 per month for each of the third, fourth, and fifth years of first enlistment, and section 1282 fixes the pay of men reenhsting at rate of pay for third year of first term. * * * Sec. 1295. . . . hospital matrons, and the nurses employed in post or regimental hospitals shall be entitled to receive one ration dailv. * * -X- Sec. 1298. The Secretary of War ma}'', on the recommendation of the Surgeon-General, order gratuitous issues of clothing to soldiers who have had contagious diseases, and to hospital attendants who have luirsed them, to replace an}^ articles of their clothing destroyed by order of the proper medical officers to prevent contagion. «■ * * 8ec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage, to l)e charged against the officer responsible unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. * * * Sec. 1317. The officers of the [military] prison shall consist of . . . a surgeon, . . . who shall be detailed by the Secretary of War from the commissioned officers of the Army; . •X- -X- * Sec. 1()17. ' . . . Each brigade [of militia called into service] shall have . . . one surgeon, . * -x- * Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this nut to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such i)ersons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. * * * Sec. 3711. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . , service shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officer of the Department of War . . . And all agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper Depart- 432 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. meut for which such supplies or services are required, sul^ject never- theless to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasur}-, Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States shall be made, unless the same is authorized by law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, . . * * * Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. * * * Sec. 4:787. Ever}^ officer, soldier, seaman, and marine who was ais- abled during- the war for the suppression of the rebellion, in the mili- tary or naval service, and in the line of duty, or in consequence of wounds receiA^ed or disease contracted therein, and who was furnished by the War Department since the seventeenth day of June, eighteen hundred and seventy, with an artificial limb or apparatus since said date, shall be entitled to receive a new limb or apparatus at the expira- tion of everj' five years thereafter under such regulations as have been or may be prescribed hj the Surgeon-General of the Arm^-. The provisions of this section shall apph^ to all officers, noncommissioned officers, enlisted and hired men of the land and naval forces of the United States, who, in the line of their duty as such, shall have lost limbs or sustained bodily injuries depriving them of the use of an}- of their limbs, to be determined hj the Surgeon-General of the Armv; and the term of five years herein specified shall be held to commence in each case with the filing of the application for the benefits of this section. Sec. 4788. Ever}- person entitled to the benefits of the preceding section may, if he so elects, receive instead of such limb or apparatus the money value thereof, at the following rates, namely: For artificial legs, seventy -five dollars; for arms, fifty dollars; for feet, fifty dollars; for apparatus, for resection, fifty dollars. Sec. 4789. The Surgeon-General shall certify to the Commissioner of Pensions a list of soldiers who elect to receive money commutation instead of limbs or apparatus, with the amount due to each, and the Commissioner of Pensions shall cause the same to be paid to such soldiers in the same manner as pensions are paid. * -X- * Sec. 4815. . . . The Surgeon-General . . . • shall consti- tute a Board of Commissioners for the Soldiers' Home. STATUTES AT LARGE. ifay 4, 1880 {31-110). — Subsistence supplies may be sold to hospitals at cost prices, not inchiding cost of transportation, upon the certificate of the officer in charge of a hospital, that the supplies are necessary for the exclusive use of such hospital. March 3, 1882 {22-456). — Civilian employees of the army at military posts may purchase medical supplies, prescribed by a medical officer of the Army, at cost, with ten per centum added. March 10, 1882 {22-378). — Hospital tents may be issued for the relief of sufferers from the overflow of the INIississippi River. .June 30, 1882 {22-117). — An army and navy hospital to be erected at Hot Springs, Ark., on i)lans to be approved by the surgeons-general of the Army and Navy. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 433 Act of March 3, 1883 {22 Stats., 56 J,). '/.■ * * Sec. 10. Thiit the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home shall hereafter consist of . . . the Surgeon-General, . Act of July 6, 188 Jf, {23 Stat.^., 107). AN ACT making ajipropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 80th, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. * * * Medical Department. — . . . That officers of the Medical Department shall take rank and precedence in accordance with date of commission or appointment, and shall be so borne on the official Arm}^ Register: Provided, That the medical officers of the Arm}^ and con- tract surgeons shall, whenever practicable, attend the families of the officers and soldiers free of charge. * * X- March 2, 18S5 [23-339). — -Provides for the erection of a building to contain the records, library, and museum of the medical department of the Army. Act of March i, 1887 {U Stats., J^.%5). AN ACT to organize the Hospital Corps of the Army of the United States, to define its duty, and fix its pa3^ That the Hospital Corps of the United States Army shall consist of hospital stewards, acting hospital stewards, and privates; and all necessary hospital services in garrison, camp, or lield (including ambu- lance service) shall be performed b}^ the members thereof, wlio shall be regularly enlisted in the military service; said corps shall be per- manently attached to the Medical Department, and shall not be included in the efl'ective strength of the Army nor counted as a part of the enlisted force provided b}' law. Sec. 2. That the Secretary of War is empowered to appoint as many hospital stewards as, in his judgment, the service may require, but not more than one hospital steward shall be stationed at any post or place without special authority of the Secretary of War. Sec. 3. That the pay of hospital stewards shall be forty-tive dollars per month, with the increase on account of length of service as is now or may hereafter be allowed b}" law to other enlisted men. They shall ha\'c ]-ank with ordnance sergeants and be entitled to all the allowances pertaining to that grade. Sec. -i. That no person shall be appointed a hospital steward luiless he shall have passed a satisfactory examination before a board of one or more medical officers as to his qualifications for the position, and demonstrated his fitness therefor by service of not less than twelve months as acting hospital steward; and no person shall be designated for such examination except by written authority of the Surgeon- General. Sec. 5. That the Secretary of War is empowered to enlist or cause to ])e eidisted as many privates of the hospital corps as the service may re([uire, and to limit or fix the number and make such regula- S. Doc. 229 28 434 LEGISLATIVE flISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. tions for their government as may be necessary; and any enlisted man in the Army shall be eligible for transfer to the hospittd corps as a private. The}" shall perform duty as ward masters, cooks, nurses, and attendants in hospitals and as stretcher bearers, litter l^earers, and ambulance attendants in the field, and such other duty as may by proper authority be required of them. Sec. 6. That the pay of privates of the hospital corps shall be thirteen dollars per month, with the increase on account of length of service as is now or may hereafter be allowed by law to other enlisted men. They shall be entitled to the same allowances as a corporal of the arm of the service with which on dutv. Sec. 7. That privates of the hospital corps may be detailed as acting hospital stewards by the Secretary of War, upon the recommendation of the Surgeon-General, whenever the necessities of the service require it; and while so detailed their pay shall be twent3'-five dollars per month, with increase as above stated. Acting hospital stewards, when educated in the duties of the position, may be eligible for examination for appointment as' hospital stewards, as above provided. * * * March 2. 1889 {25-825). — Maximum smn to be allowed contract surgeons when traveling on duty, fixed at four cents per mile, and in addition thereto, when the Quartermaster's Department can not furnish transportation, the cost of same actually paid by them exclusive of sleeping or ])arlor car fare and transfer. March 3, 1891 {26-1103). — Artificial limbs to be furnished every three years. Act of July 13, 1892 {27 Stats., 120). AN ACT to amend the act approved March first, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, relating to the hospital corps of the Army. That section six of the act approved March first, eighteen hundred and eightj^-seven, entitled "An act to organize the hospital corps of the Army of the United States, to define its duty and fix its pay," be, and hereby is, amended to read as follows: "Sec. 6. That the pay of privates of the hospital corps shall be eighteen dollars per month, with the increase on account of length of service as is now or may hereafter be allowed by law to other enlisted men. They shall be entitled to the same allowance as a corporal of the arm of service with which they may be on duty." July 16, 1892 {27-174). — Sec. 3709, E. S., requiring advertisement before purchase, not to apply to purchase of medicines and medical supplies. Act of July 27, 1892 (27 Stats., 276). AN ACT Id define the grade of certain medical officers of the Army, and for other purposes. That from and after the passage of this act the grade of certain medical officers of the Army below that of Surgeon -General shall be as follows: Those holding the rank of colonel, assistant surgeon-generals; those holding the rank of lieutenant-colonel, deputy surgeon -generals. Sec. 2. That before receiving the rank of captain of cavalry, assistant surgeons shall be examined under the provisions of an act approved October first, eighteen hundred and ninet}', entitled "'An THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 435 act to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and to regulate promotions therein." Sec. 3. That medical officers of the Army may be assigned bj' the Secretar}' of War to such duties as the interest of the service may demand. * * * August 5, 1892 [27-348). — Honorably discharged nurses who were employed by the Surgeon-General, who served for six months or more in any general hospital, entitled to pension if unable to earn a support. Act of March 29, 189 Jf. {28 Stafs., ^7). AK ACT tf) regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government. That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treasury Department returns of pul)lic property intrusted to the possession of officers or agents, . . . the Surgeon-General, . . . shall certify to the proper accounting officer of the Treasur}- Department, for debiting on the proper account, any charge against any officer or agent intrusted with public propert}^ arising from an}" loss, accruing by his fault, to the Government as to the property so intrusted to him. Act ofAw/ust 6, 1894, (^'? Stat.^., AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety -five, and for other purposes. * -X- x- Medical Department: . . . Promded^ That hereafter no appoint- ments shall be made to the office of assistant surgeon until the number of assistant surgeons shall be reduced below one hundred and ten, and thereafter the number of officers in that grade in the Medical Depart- ment shall be fixed at ninet}-. * * * . . . Promded further, . . . that purchases may be made in open market in the manner common among business men when the aggregate amount required does not exceed two hundred dollars, l^ut everv such purchase shall be immediately reported to the Secretary of War. Art nf Auixt 18, 1894 (^28 Stffts.. :i7S). AX ACT making a]>propriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. * * * WAR DEPARTMENT. That the proviso in the paragraph for the Medical Department under title "For pay of the general statf" in the act making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending rlune thirtieth, eighteen hundred and uinetj^-tive, and for other purposes, approved 436 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. August sixth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, is hereb}'' amended so as to read as follows: Provided., That hereafter no appointments shall be made in the office of assistant surgeon until the number of assistant surgeons shall V)e reduced below one hundred and ten, and thereafter the number of officers in that grade in the Medical Depart- ment shall be fixed at one hundred and ten. Act of March 16, 1896 {29 Stats., 60). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven. * * * FOR PAY OF ENIilSTED MEN. . . . : Provided, That there shall be no appointment^ of hospital stewards until the number of hospital stewards shall be reduced below one hundred, and thereafter the number of such officers shall not exceed one hundred. * * * June 11, 1896 {29-413). — Authorizes the Medical Department to sell medical and hospital supplies at its contract prices to the National Home for Disabled Volunteers. May 21, 1897 {80-220). — Authorizes purchase of medicines for the relief of destitute citizens of the United States in Cul^a. June 4, 1897 {30-11). — Authorizes the Medical De])artment to sell medical and hos- pital supplies at its contract prices to the Soldiers' Home in the District of Columbia. Act of April 22, 1898 {30 Stats., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall consist of . . . one chief surgeon, who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel. . . . The staff of the commander of a division shall consist of . . . one chief surgeon, who shall have . . . the rank of major. . . . The staff of the commander of a brigade shall consist of . . . one surgeon . Act of May m, 1898 {30 Stats., 1^06). AN ACT to increase the number of surgeons in the United States Army. That the number of medical officers of the Army be increased ]>y the addition of fifteen assistant surgeons with the rank of first lieu- tenant, to be appointed after examination by an army medical exam- ining board, in accordance with existing regulations. Sec. 2. That in emergencies the Surgeon-General of the Army, with the approval of the Secretary of War, may appoint as many contract surgeons as may be necessary, at a compensation not to exceed one hundred and fifty dollars per month. May 18, 1898 {30-419). — Prescribes mode of issuing medical stores to destitute inhabitants of Cuba. THE MEDICAL DEPAETMENT. 437 Act of June 2, 1898 {30 Stats., 4.28). AN ACT to suspend certain provisions of law relating to hospital stewards in the United States Army, and for other purposes. That all provisions of law limiting the number of hospital stewards in service at an}^ one time to one hundred, and requiring that a person to be appointed a hospital steward shall first demonstrate his fitness therefor by actual service of not less than twelve months as acting hospital steward, . . . be, and the same are hereby, suspended during the existing war: P/'ovided, That the increase of hospital stewards under this act shall not exceed one hundred. Act of March ^, 1899 {30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of . . . a Medical Department, Sec. 7. That the . . . Medical Department, . . . shall consist of the ofiiccrs and enlisted men now provided by law: . . . * * * Sec. 1-i. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in service or to appoint, l)y and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the volunteer statt' as follows: -X- * * Thirt3-four surgeons with the rank as major. * * * February 8, 1900 {31 ). — Authorizes construction of a modern military hospital at Fort Leavenworth, Kans. Mtiji 26, 1900 (31 ). — Additional hospital stewards, not to exceed an additional one hundred, may be appointed; no more than one to be stationed at one post or station without special authority of the Secretary of War. Act ofFchruary 2, 1901 {31 Stats., — .) AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of tlie United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of ... a Medical Department. . . . Sec. 18. That the Medical Department shall consist of one Surgeon- General with the rank of brigadier-general, eight assistant surgeons- general with the rank of colonel, twelve deputy surgeons-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, sixty surgeons with the rank of major, two hundred and forty assistant surgeons with the rank of captain or first lieutenant, the Hospital Corps, as now authorized by law, and the Nurse Corps: Provided, That all vacancies in the grades of colone*, lieutenant-colonel, and major created or caused by this section shall be filled ])y promotion according to seniority, subject to the examination now prescri]>ed by law: A )id provided. That the period during which an\' assistant surgeon shall have served as a surgeon or assistant sur- 488 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. geou in the Volunteer Army during- the war with Spain or since shall be counted as a portion of the five years' service required to entitle him to rank of captain: Jind proi^lded alxo^ That nothino- in this sec- tion shall alfect the relative rank for promotion of any assistant sur- geon now in the service, or who may be hereafter appointed therein, as determined by the date of his appointment or commission and as fixed in accordance with existing- law and regulations: Provided farther^ That in emergencies the Surgeon-General of the Army, with the appro^'al of the Secretary of War, may appoint as many conti'act sur- geons as may l)e necessary, at a compensation not to exceed one hundred and fifty dollars per month. That on and after the passage of this act the President may appoint, for duty in the Philipi)ine Islands, fifty sur- geons of volunteers with the rank and pay of major and one hundred and fifty assistant surgeons of volunteers with the rank and pay of cap- tain, mounted, for a period of two years: Provided^ That so many of these volunteer medical officers as are not required shall be honora))ly discharged the service whenever in the opinion of the Secretar}^ of AVar their services are no longer necessary: Provided fuiiJier ^ That assistant surgeons in the Volunteer Army of the United States commissioned by the President as captains, in accordance with the provisions of an act for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes, approved March second, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, shall be entitled to the pay of a captain, mounted, from the date of their acceptance of such conunission, as prescribed Ijy law: Provided^ That the Surgeon-General of the Arnn^, with the approval of the Secretary of War, be, and he is hereby, authorized to employ dental surgeons to serve the officers and enlisted men of the Regular and Volunteer Army, in the proportion of not to exceed one for every one thousand of said Army, and not exceeding thirty in all. Said dental surgeons shall be employed as contract dental surgeons under the terms and conditions applicable to army contract surgeons, and shall be graduates of standard medical or dental colleges, trained in the several branches of dentistry, of good moral and professional character, and shall pass a satisfactoiy^ professional examination: Pro- vided^ That three of the number of dental surgeons to be employed shall 1>e first appointed by the Surgeon-General, with the approval of the Secretary of War, with reference to their fitness for assignment, under the direction of the Surgeon-General, to the special service of conducting the examinations and supervising the operations of the others; and for such special service an extra compensation of sixty dollars a month will be allowed: Provided fiirfhrr, That dental-college graduates now employed in the Hospital Corps who have been detailed for a period of not less than twelve months to render dental service to the Army and who arc shown by the reports of their superior officers to have rendered such service satisfactorily ma}' be appointed contract dental surgeons without examination: Prooided^ That the Secretary of War be authorized to appoint in the Hospital Corps, in addition to the two hundred hospital stewards now allowed by law, one hundred hospital stewards: Provided^ That men Avho have served as hospital stewards of volunteer regiments or acted in that capacity' during and since the Spanish-American war for more than six months may be appointed hospital stewards in the Regular Army: And jyi'ovided fur- ther, That all men so appointed shall be of good moral character and shall have passed a satisfactory mental and physical examination. THE MKDTCAL DP^PARTMENT. 489 Sec. 10. That the Nurse Corps (female) shall consist of one Super- intendent, to be appointed ])y the Secretary of War, who shall be a graduate of a hospital trainino- .school having" a course of instruction of not less than two years, whose term of office may bo terminated at his discretion, whose compensation shall be one thousand eight hundred dollars per annum, and of as many chief nurses, nurses, and reserve nurses as may be needed. Reserve nurses may be assigned to active duty when the emergency of the service demands, l)ut shall receive no compensation except when on such duty: Provided^ That all nurses in th(^ Nurse Corps shall l)e appointed or removed by the Surgeon-Gen- eral, with the approval of the Secretary of War; that they shall be graduates of hospital training schools, and shall have passed a satis- factory professional, moral, mental, and ph3"sical examination: And prov'idrd^ That the Superintendent and nurses shall receive transporta- tion and necessary expenses when traveling under orders; that the pay and allowances of nurses, and of reserve nurses, when on active service, shall l^e forty dollars per month when on duty in the United States and fifty dollars per month when without the limits of the United States. They shall be entitled to quarters, subsistence, and medical attendance during illness, and they may be granted leaves of absence for thirty days, with pay, for each calendar j^ear; and, when serving as chief nurses, their pay may be increased by authority of the Secre- tar}^ of War, such increase not to exceed twenty-five dollars per month. Payments to the Nurse Corps shall be made by the Pay Department. * * * Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to an}' department of the staff for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total numJjor detailed equals the numl)er authorized for duty in each staff' depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused by details from the line to the staff' shall be filled b}^ officers returning from tours of staff' duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized b}' law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. Vlll-THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 441 THE PAY DEPARTMENT. The earliest legislation creating- a Pay Department is the resolution of the Continental Congress, June 10, 1775, which provided for a Pay- master-General and a deputy under him, for *he Army, in a separate department. The Kevolutionary Army was disbanded November 3, 1783, but Pay- master-General Pierce was continued in service settling his accounts and as commissioner for settling the accounts of the Army. The two offices were united by the resolution of March 23, 1787, and after the death of John Pierce, in 1788, the duties of the office of Paymaster- General were administered by Joseph Howell, jr.. Commissioner of Army Accounts, until the appointment of a Paymaster of the Arni}^, May; 1792. The Pay Department, by that name, was first organized under the act of April 21, 1816, but a Paymaster for the Army ''to reside near the headquarters of the troops of the U. S." had been authorized by the act of May 8, 1792. June 27, 1775. — James Warren (Massachusetts). Apr. 27,1776. — William Palfrey (Massachusetts). Jan. 17,1771. — John Pierce (Connecticut). May 8, 1792.— Caleb Swan (Massachusetts). July 1 , 1808.— Robert Brent (District of Columbia) . Aug. 28, 1819.— Nathan Towson, brevet major-general, May .SO, 1848 (Maryland). June 1,1821. — Brig. Gen. Daniel Parker (Massachusetts). May 8, 1822.— Col. Nathan Towson (Maryland). July 20,1854. — Col. Benjamin F. Larned (Massachusetts). Sept. 6, 1862.— Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen., Sept. 13, 1847) Timothy P. Andrews (District of Colund)ia). Nov. 29, 1864.— Col. (Brig. Gen., July 28,1866) Benjamin W. Brice (Virginia). Jan. 1, 1872.— Col. (Brig. Gen., July 22, 1876) Benjamin Alvord (Vermont). June 8, 1880.— Brig. Gen. Nathan D. Brown (New York). Feb. 17, 1882.— Brig. Gen. William B. Rochester (New York). Mar. 10, 1890.- Brig. Gen. William Smith (Minnesota). Mar. 26, 1895.— Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Stanton (Iowa). Jan. 'AO, 1899.— Brig. Gen. Asa B. Carev (Connecticut). July 12, 1899.— Brig. Gen. Alfred E. Bates (Michigan) . 443 THE PAY DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL,) CONGRESS. June 16, 1775. Bewlved, . . . That there be one Paymaster-General, and a depiit,Y under hhn, for the Army in a .separate department; that the pa}^ for the Pa3^master-General himself be one hundred dollars per month, and for the deputy paymaster under him, fifty dollars per month. July 27, 1775. Resolved, That the paymaster give bond, with two sureties, in the sum of fifty thousand dollars for the faithful performance of his office. That the bond.be made payable to the same persons to whom the bonds of the Continental treasurers are payable. James Warren, esq., was then unanimously elected Paymaster- General. Resolved, That the paymaster in the New York Department give bond to the same persons as above directed, with two sureties, in the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, for the faithful performance of his office. July 28, 1775. The Congress tHen proceeded to the election of a paymaster for the forces in the New York Department, when Jonathan Trumbull, jr. , esq. , was unanimously elected to that office. July W, 1775. Revived, That the Paymaster-General, . . . and every [one] of their deputies, shall take an oath trul}' and faithfully to discharge the duties of their respective stations. DeceTnber 2, 1775. Resol/ved, . . . That the troops in the new Arm}' be paid monthl3^ Jamiary 9, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the deputy paymaster-general have liberty to appoint under him two assistant paymasters, who shall each receive 26 2/3 dollars per month for their trouble and services. 445 446 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That all the officers and ^^oldiers in the northern department be paid in person by the deputy paymaster-general, or the assistants to be appointed b\' him in consequence of the foregoing resolve. Febi'iiary 15^ 1776. Resolved., . . . That a paymaster be appointed for the troops in Virginia, and that his pa^^ be 50 dollars per month. The Congress then proceeded to the election, and Benjamin Harri- son, jr., of Berkeley, was chosen. April 21, 1776. — Resignation of Paymaster-General Warren was accepted. April r/, 1776. Congress proceeded to the election of a Paymaster-General, in the room of Mr. Warren, whose resignation was accepted; and the ballots being taken and examined, William Palfrey, esq., was elected. May 4, 1776. — '.'The honorable the Continental Congress have been pleased to appoint William Palfrey, esq., to be Paymaster-General of the Army of the United Colonies." {Orders, General Headquarters, New York.) June 5, 1776. Resolved., . . . That the Paymaster-General and the deputy paymaster-general make monthly returns to Congress of their expendi- tures and the state of the military chests in their several departments. June 13, 1776. Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy paymaster-general for the eastern department, and, the ballots being taken, Ebenezer Hancock was elected unanimously. Juhj 17, 1776. The Congress proceeded to the election of a deputy paymaster- general for the flying camp, and, the ballots being taken, Richard Dallam, esq., was elected. Augmt 2, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the Paymaster-General and the several deputy paymasters-general be directed to make weekly returns to Congress of the state of the military chests under their direction. Octoher 21, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the rations allowed to the several officers on the staff in the Army of the United States, not heretofore settled, be as follows: ... To the . . . deputy paymaster-general, 6 rations. . . . December 24, 1779. — "The honorable the Board of War having procured a small supply of shirts and linen and directed the distribution of them among the officers THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 447 of the . . . staff, who are not adopted by any State: the clothier-general is to deliver them upon returns signed hy the . . . heads of the following corps and departments at the rates dire(;ted by a resolve of Congress of the 25th of November last: . . . deputy imymaster-general." . . . (Orders, General Headquarters, Morrititmni.) January 18, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a paymaster in Baltimore, and, the ballots l)ein!»- taken, Mr. Jonathan Hudson Avas elected. January 30, 1777. Itesolved.^ . . . That the salary of . . . Jonathan Trmnbull, esq., deputy pa^'master-general of the northern department, be aug- mented to the sum of 75 dollars per month. April 7, 1777. Resolved., That the pa}' of the assistant paj^masters in the northern department be augmented to 40 dollars a month, and that they be allowed three rations a day. April 2, 1777. Resolved, That the paymaster and deputy paymaster-general, at the end of everj^ month after the first day of May next, shall make up rolls containing the names of the general and other officers of the army to which they respectively belong who are not comprised in the regi- mental abstracts, excepting only the commander in chief of the several departments, who shall respectiveh^ examine such rolls. A2>rll ,9, 1777. Resolved, That the paymaster and the deputy paymasters-general be directed forthwith to consult the commanders in chief of their respective districts and appoint deputies to repair to such posts and places of rendezvous and answer the draughts of such officers stationed thereat as the said commanders in chief shall respectively direct; that the deputies be supplied with money by the respective paymaster and d(^puty paymasters-general, and account with them therefor, and that all other paymasters of the Army cease to act at the posts and places provided with deputies as aforesaid. May ^7, 1777. Resolved, That the pay of the assistant deputy paymaster-general in the Northern Army be raised to 45 dollars per month. July 11, 1777. Resolved, That Mr. John Ba3'nton ])e appointed dc^puty paymaster- general to the troops and garrisons on the frontiers of Virginia and Pennsylvania. 448 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Atigtist i, 1777. Resolved^ That a deputy paj'master-general be appointed in the said State of Georgia. ... AiKjust 6y 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of ... a deputy paymaster- general of Georgia: Whereupon, ^cAscfee<^, That . . . Joseph Clay [be] deputy paymaster-general in Georsfia. Augmt W, 1777. Resolved^ That the pa}^ of the Paymaster-General be increased to 150 dollars a month. That the pay of the deputy paymaster-general be increased to 75 dollars a month. Augmt 28, 1777. Resolved., That the pay of the deputy paymaster-general of the Northern, Eastern, and Southern departments be augmented to 80 dollars per month. That the assistants to the Paymaster-General and deputy paymaster- general whom they are respectively authorized to appoint, when such officers shall be necessary, shall receive, for the time of their actual service, 50 dollars a month. That the Paymaster-General and deputy paj^masters-general shall be obliged, respectively, to take bond of their respective assistants appointed by them for the faithful performance of their trust, in such penalties as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of the department shall direct. Septeviher 10, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a paymaster for the North Carolina Light Horse, in the service of the continent; and, the ballots being taken, William Hardy was chosen. Octoher 4, 1777. Resolved., That every assistant appointed, or that hereafter may be appointed, by the deputy commissaries-general of purchases and of issues shall enter into a bond . . . [to be] lodged with the Pay- master-General or deputy paymaster-general of the district, to be by him transmitted to the treasury board. November 10, 1777. — General Gates was authorized to order the Paymaster-General to pay dues to officers and men for rations allowed to them but not paid, provided that the existinj^ regulations of the C!ommissary's Department on the subject be no longer dispensed with than he shall judge necessary. I THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 449 Noveiriher '2'£, 1777. ReKoli)('d^ That the pay of Jonathan Trumbull, jr. , deputy paymaster- general of the Northern Department, be augmented to 125 dollars per month. January 13, 1778. Resolved., . . . That the Paymaster-General be empowered to appoint an assistant in his office, and a clerk for six months, in addition to one already employed by him. That 70 dollars a month and two rations a day be hereafter allowed to each assistant and 50 dollars a month to each clerk in the office of the paymaster or deput}^ paymaster-general. January 11^., 1778. Besolved, That Ebenezer Hancock, esq., deputy paymaster-general of the eastern district, be directed to appoint forthwith an assistant paymaster constantly to attend to and pay the army stationed in or near Providence for the defense of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. ... February 6\ 1778. Resolved., . . . That the . . . paymaster and deputy pay- masters-general . . . be directed to send, on or before the first day of May next, and afterwards quarterly, to the respective auditors of the Army duplicate accounts of such charges [monies charged in their offices to persons who are to account with the respective auditors], and to furnish them with the necessary papers and information, when required, for executing their office. . . . Februm-y 'Bl, 1778. Resolved., That the pay of the person who executed those offices [secretary and paymaster] in the hospital in the Middle Department be augmented to three dollars a day. ■X- * * Resolved., That the Paymaster-General be directed to consult with General Washington on the propriety of keeping a deputy paymaster at Baltimore, and if he shall judge such an officer unnecessary to inform Mr. Jonathan Hudson that, the public service not requiring his further assistance in that capacity, he is excused therefrom ])y Congress. . . . March HI, 177S. — "By permission of the honorable Congress the Paymaster-General has appointed Thomas Eeed, esq., to be his assistant. He is to be considered as such, and the V)nsiness of that department, in the absence of the Paymaster-General, is to be transacted with him." {Orders, General Headquarters, Vallei/ Forge.) May 2, 1778. — Coiifjjress authorized the commissioners at Fort Pitt, or in their absence the officer appointed to command on the western frontier, to appoint a proper person to perform the duties of paymaster to the militia of the counties of Rocking- ham, Augusta, Rockbridge, Bottetburt, Montgomery, Washington, and Greenbrier, iu Virginia. S. Doc. 229 29 450 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May G, 1778. Resolved, That William Palfrey, Paymaster-General, l)e allowed the additional pay of loO dollars a month from the date of this resolution until Congress shall otherwise order, Jnne 9, 1778. ReHolved, That the value of the rations due since the 1st of January last till the 1st inst. he estimated at one-third of a dollar; and that the officers do present their accounts to the Pa3'master-General, or deputy paymaster-general, who shall adjust and pay the>same, provided, ahv ays, that the said officers shall make oath to their accounts respectively, which oaths the said paymasters are hereby empowered and directed to administer, and transmit the said accounts, with the receipts theT«^on, to the Treasury. .Julii 29, 1778. — Paymaster Jonathan Train] mil, jr., resigned, the northern and southern armies being joined. Amjust 26, 1778. The committee on the Treasury report: That they have considered the extra services and peculiar circum- stances of William Bedloe, as set forth in his memorial referred to them, and are of opinion that he l)e allowed 35 dollars per month while acting as deputy paymaster to William Palfrey, esq., Paymaster- General, in addition to his former allowance of 50 dollars per month. Hesoleed, That Congress agree to the said report. October IS, 1778. Resolved, That Joseph Clay, esq., deputy paymaster-general in the State of Georgia, he empowered and directecl to pay into the hands of the deputy commissary, the deputy quartermaster, and the deputy clothier-general in the said State (they obtaining a warrant from the commanding officer in the Southern Department), such sum or sums of money as mav be wanting in their respective departments, each of them to be accountable; and that the said deputy paymaster-general transmit the accounts of the sums he may so advance to the several officers at the heads of the above-mentioned departments. Resolved, That the deputy conmiissary, the deputy quartermaster, and the deputy clothier-general in the State of Georgia, when they deliver their respective accounts of expenditures to the deput}^ pay- master-general, do cause to be specified on the receipts of the said accounts that the same were paid in Continental currency, and that the sum be fully expressed in words. Resolved, That the deputy paymaster-general I )e empowered and directed to pay the officers and men belonging to the Continental gallics in the State of Georgia the monthly wages that are and may be due to them, transmitting at the end of every month an account of the same to the Board of Treasury. THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 451 JSfovemher ^^, 1778. Resolved.^ That all officers and persons employed on the staff shall receive for su])sistence nione}^ one-third of a dollar for each extra ration heretofore allowed them. January ^i, 1779. ' liesolved, That the . . . pajmiaster or deputy paymaster-g-eneral be authorized to provide for themselves respectivel}", from time to time, a convenient house near headquarters for an office; that they be not precluded from their choice unless by order of the Connnander in Chief or coumianding officer of the department, and that no other officers l)c (piartered therein. March 10\ 1779.' Resolved., . . . That the Quartermaster-General be authorized to appoint a paymaster . . . for the said corps of wag'oners which he was empowered to organize . Aj^ril 17, 1779. Re.^oIred, . . . That such regulations shall be established by the Quartermaster-General for the . . . paying- of the said corps of wagoners as shall be judged expedient, and approved of b}' the Commander in Chief. 3fa// 11, 1779. Resolved, . . . That all staff officers who serv(^d with the Ai'my shall be allowed clothing on the same conditions as officers in the line, provided they engage for a year or longer. 3fai/ 17, 1779. Resolved, That the commanding officer of the detachment of the army serving in South Carolina and Georgia l^e authorized to appoint a paymaster for the said legion. May 17, 1779. — Captain Baldesqui, the present paymaster of the troops serving in South Carohna and Georgia ( Count Pulaski' s legion ) was to be detained until he should have settled his ai-counts. As, on December 29, 1779, Congress, deeming that the cir- cumstances of the corps lately conunanded by General Count Pulaski did not require a paymaster, and therefore accepted Captain Baldesqui's resignation, itwould seem that the resolve of May 17 was not carried out. For want of regularity in keeping proper vouchers, th(> auditor of account for the main armjf had found the settlement of the accounts of the Pulaski legion impracticable, and, therefore. Congress passed the resolveof that date, but June 5, on the receipt of aletterfrom the Paymaster-General, it resolvi'd that the rejiort of the Committee on the Treasury of March (May?) 17 be reconsidered. [I have failed t(i find the report of IMarch 17, but if the proper date is jNIav 17, this would explain Captain Bal(les(iui ivmaining in service until Decem- ber 29.] ^ This resulted from the many inconveniences to the public, as well as to indi- viduals, that have arisen from the distance of the paymaster's office from the quarters of the commanding officer. ^The resolve of this date was repealed April 17, 1779. 452 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF XJ. S. ARMY. May 22, 1779. Resolved, . . . Whereas the troops formerly serving in South Carolina and Georgia are united in one bod}^, under the same command- ing officer, and disorder may arise from having two military chests and paymasters in the same detachment of the army; and Joseph Clay, esq., deputy paymaster for Georgia, having represented that the money remaining in his hands will soon be expended, and a supply having been lately forwarded to John Lewis Jervais, deputy paymaster for South Carolina: Resolved, That the general commanding in South Carolina be author- ized and directed to draw out of the hands of the said John Lewis Jervais the balance which may be due from him to the public, and transfer it to the care of the said Joseph Clay, who shall be considered as the sole deputy paymaster for the troops serving in South Carolina and Georgia, until the further order of Congress; and that Mr. Jervais adjust and transmit his accounts to the Board of Treasury for settlement. May 29, 1779. Resolved, That the Paymaster-General shall keep his office in the place where Congress may, from time to time, hold their sessions. That he be allowed to employ as many clerks as shall be judged nec- essary for the Board of the Treasur3^ That he be authorized to superintend the several deputy paymasters- general, whose duty it shall be to make monthly returns to him and reasonable applications for mone}^ for the use of the Army; to follow his direction in the mode of keeping their accounts, and all other mat- ters relative to their office. That all accounts of advances made by any of the States, or any offi- cer or person whatsoever, for the pay of the Continental Army or for the recruiting service, shall be delivered to the deputy paymaster- general of the district where such advances may l)e made; and the said deputies are hereby directed to keep a copy of such accounts in a l)ook to be provided by them for that purpose, and to transmit the originals immediately to the Paymaster-General. That the Paymaster-General shall keep regular books and charge therein all moneys that have been or may be advanced to the deputies in the several departments, and when he receives their monthly returns shall give them credit for the same, charging the several regiments or persons to whom such ad^•ances have l)een made and transmitting their accounts to the auditors of the Army, respectively. That the auditors of the Army in the several districts make monthly returns to the Paymaster-General of the accounts settled in their office, particularly specifying the manner in which such accounts were bal- anced and the date of the settlement. That a deputy paymaster-genei'al ])o appointed for the army under the immediate command of His Excellency General Washington. Resolved, That it be referred to the Conuuittee on the Treasury to consider and report the allowances of pay to be made to the deputy pa^^master-general at the main army, as well as to the deputy pay- masters-general in the other districts, and to the clerks of the several deputy paymasters-general. THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 453 June 7, 1779. The Committee on the Treasuiy havino- nominated John Pierce to the office of deput}" pa3'master-general to the ami}- under the imme- diate command of General Washington, Congress proceeded to an election; and the ballots being taken, Mr. John Pierce was chosen. The Committee on the Treasiay ha^'ing nominated Thomas Reed to the office of deputy paymaster-general at Albany-, Congress proceeded to the election; and the ballots being taken, Thomas Reed was chosen. August 11^ 1770. Resolved ., That the half pay provided by the resolution of the 15th of May, 17T8, l)e extended to continue for life, and that the holding of a civil office under the United States, or any of them, shall lie no bar to prevent an}' officer from receiving the same. August IS, 1779. Resoli^ed, That until further order of Congress the said officers [of the Arm}'] be entitled to receive monthly for their subsistence money the sums following, to wit: Each colonel, . . . 500 dollars; every lieutenant-colonel, -iOO dollars; every major, . ' . . 300 dollars; every captain, 200 dollars; every lieutenant, ensign, . . . 100 dollars. Resolved., That until the further order of Congress the sum of 10 dollars l)e paid to every noncommissioned officer and soldier monthly for their subsistence in lieu of those articles of food originally intended for them and not furnished. Septemher 16, 1779. A letter of this day from William Palfrey, Paymaster-General, was read, informing that John Baynton has resigned the office of paymaster for the western district, and that it is necessary another person be appointed to succeed him; whereupon Congress proceeded to an election; and the ballots being taken, John Bowman was elected deputy paymaster for the western district, in the room of John Baynton, resigned. Novemher 12, 1779. . it was resolved that William Palfrey, esq. , Paymaster-Gen- eral, as a further compensation for his services, be allowed the sum of 20,000 dollars. Resolved, That until the further order of Congress the Paymaster- General to the armies of the United States be allowed at the rate of 14,000 dollars pin' ammm. 454 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. May J, 1780. JResolved, That until tlic further order of Congress the deputy pay- masters-general, under the Paymaster-General of the armies of the United States, be allowed at the rate of 8, lOths per cent on the moneys which they may pay out, respectively, to the Army; and that tliis commission have retrospect from the 29th day of May, 1779, when the pay office was last regulated; that the said allowance be in full pay- ment for the services of themselves and assistants, and in full compen- sation for all expenses, except one ration a day each, while at camp, for themselves and assistants. June 1J{,^ 1780. Sesol'ued., . . . That Major-General Gates be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint ... a deputy paymaster-general . [for the Southern Army]. July 15, 1780. JResolved., That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by order of the commander in chief or commanding officer of a separate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many baggage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit: Deputy paymaster, either with the main army or with a separate army, 1 covered 4-horse wagon. % * * Resolved., That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and bathorses by these regulations, there be issued . . . : To a . . . deputy paymaster, one; . November 4, 1780. — Dr. William Palfrey, late Paymaster-General, was elected c'on- sul, to reside in France. January 17., 1781. Congress proceeded to the election of a Paymaster-General of the Army; and, the ballots being taken, Mr. John Pierce was elected, having been previously nominated bv Mr. Clarke. September 26, 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance be authorized and directed to ascertain the value of a ration, from time to time, and cer- tify the same to the Paymaster-General, who shall govern himself accordingly in settling with the officers. January 1, 1782. — "The Paymaster-General or his deputy will, at the close of every month, settle with the contractors [supplying the troops with provisions], and after paying them for such articles as the officers have drawn, pay each otHcer . . . the balance due him." {Orders, General Headquarters, PlnUtdelplilu.) THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 455 Jamidnj 16^ 17S'-2. Resolmd^ That in the settlement of the accounts of such officers of the hospital and medical department as are entitled to an allowance for depreciation by any resolution of Congress, the establishment of pay made upon the 8th day of April, 1777, be considered as specie. April 8, 1782. Resolved, That . . . the Secretary at War . . . issue his warrants on the Paymaster-General, in favour of each regimental pay- master, for the pa}' and rations which shall appear on adjustment of their accounts to be due to the regiments, respectively, . . . ; that the accounts for the pay and rations of each regiment, , , . , from Jamiary 1, 178^, shall be made out at the end of every month and bo transmitted to the war office for examination and warrants; That the manner of making the payments, of keeping the accounts and the returns of the regimental paymasters be regulated hy the Secretary at War; That the Paymaster-General shall pay on the warrants of the Secre- tary at War from such monies as shall be put into his hands for the pay and rations of the troops, and to the orders of the conuuander in chief, or officer commanding the Southern Army, from such monies as shall be placed in his disposal for contingencies. licsolved^ That all resolutions heretofore passed empowering gen- eral officers to draw warrants on the Paymaster-General, except that empowering the officer commanding the Southern Army, be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Resolved^ That there be one deput}' paymaster for the Southern Army; That there shall be one assistant allowed to the Paymaster-General, who shall do the duties of a clerk; That the Paymaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint his deputy and assistant; That the Paymaster-General immediately give bonds, with two sure- ties, to the superintendent of finance, in the sum of 15,000 dollars, for the faithful performance of his office. A2)ril 22, 1782. Re-solved, That from and after the first day of May next all resolves of Congress heretofore passed relative to rations, subsistence, or allow- ances to officers over and above their pay and what they are enticed to from the Quartermaster's Department, . . . be, and they are JKn-eb}', repealed; that from and after the first day of May next each officer shall be entitled to draw daily the number of rations, . . . ailixed to their several ranks, viz: * -X- -:;- Deputy paymaster, with tlu^ Southern Army, li rati()n^i per day; 11 dollars per month. April 2:i, 1782. Resolved, That the supermunerarv junior lieutenants, beyond the munber of ten in each regiment of infantry, be reduced; . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the staff 456 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respective ranks in the Army and ))e entitled to the full pay and sub.sistence be- long-ing to their rank in the line as a compensation for their respective services in the staff, without any other allowance whatsoever; . . . May 16, 1782. Resolved, That the Paymaster-General be, and he is hereb}^ author- ized to appoint a deputy paymaster to residii with the Main Arni\ . Octoher 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the following- be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers, . . . : * * * Deputy paymaster with the Main and Southern Army, each, one two-horse-wagon. * * * That there shall ])e allowed for saddle horses: * y- * Deputy paymaster 1 lation. Novemler 20, 1782. Ordered, That the Paymaster-General furnish the Secretary at War, from time to time, as they may be called for by him, with the accounts of all pay and advances received by or chargeable to the officers and men of the several regiments in the service of the United States. June 5, 1783. — "The paymasters or agents of regiments, as soon as they have fin- ished the accounts of their own corps, are requested to attach themselves to the Paymaster-General if they can make it convenient, and to assist in completing the general settlement as soon as possible." {Orderx, General Headquarters, Neivburgh.) July U, 1783. Resolved, That the Paymaster-General be, and he is hereby, fully authorized and empowered to settle and finally adjust all accounts whatsoever between the United States and the officers and soldiers of the American Army, so as to include all and every demand which they or either of them may have by virtue of the several resolutions and acts of Congress relating thereto. Septemler 10, 1783. Resolved, That the Secretary at War inform the Paymaster-General that brevet commissions do not entitle to pa}^ or emoluments, unless the same be expressed in the resolution granting such commissions. Jmie 1, 178Ji.. Resolved, That in settling the accounts of the deputy pavmasters in the main and southern armies, who are appointed in pursuance of the act of the 8th of April, 1782, they be allowed at the rate of 75 dollars per month while they were in service, including such advances as have been made under the head of subsistence or otherwise. THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 457 Augnst 3, 1785. Unsolved., That the Paj'mastor-General be, and he is hereb}', directed to settle with the widows and orphans of officers who did not belong to an}^ of the Ignited States, entitled to 7 3^ears' half pay, under the resolution of August 24, 1780, and to issue to them certiticates therefor. March r^, 1787. Resolved., That the services and duties of the Pa3'master-General be, and hereb}' are, united with, those of the connnissioner of arni}^ accounts, and that the said commissioner, after the expiration of the present quarter, be allowed, in full for his services as commissioner and Paymaster-General, a salary at the rate of 1,250 dolhirs annually. Octohrr 2, 1788. The committee, consisting of Mr. Howard, ]VIr. Few, Mr. Drayton, Mr. Gilman, and Mr. Carrington, appointed to make full enquiry into the proceedings in the Department of War, beg leave to report, and to present to the view of Congress a summary statement of the various branches of the Department of War. * * * 3rd — OF THE PAY OF THE TROOPS. The troops have generally been paid up to the 1st of January, 1787, and the officers have had their subsistence and forage money paid up to the 1st of April, 1788. Both officers and soldiers appear well satis- fied in this respect. But as about 200 noncommissioned officers and privates will ))e discharged during the present 3'ear, it will be neces- sary that the Treasury Board devise some mode to make them satisfac- tory payment. The balance due the troops to the 1st da}' of July is estimated at 65,000 dollars. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of May lishment of the United States." Sec. 3. That there shall l)e one . . . Paymaster-General, who shall receive the same pay and emoluments, . . . heretofore allowed bv law. Act of May 2S, 179H (1 Stats., 56S). AN ACT anthorizing the President of the United States to raise a provisional armj\ Sec. T. That in case the President shall judge the employment of a . Paymaster-General . . . essential to the public interest, he is hereby authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 459 Senate, to appoint the same accordino-ly, who .shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and emolmnents which follow, viz: . . . Paymaster- General . . . the pay and emoluments of a lieutenant-colonel: Pi'cyvlded^ That in case the President shall judge it expedient to appoint a . . . Paymaster-General . . . in the recess of the Senate, he is hereby authorized to make . . . said appointments and grant commissions thereon, which shall expire at the end of the next session of the Senate thereafter. * * * Sec. 9. That the . . . Paymaster-General . , . who may be appointed l\v virtue of this act shall . . . continue in commis- sion during such term only as the President shall judge requisite for the public service; . . . Sec. 10. That no . . . staff officer who shall be appointed by virtue of this act shall be entitled to receive pay or emoluments until he shall be called into actual service, nor for any longer time than he shall continue therein. Act of March 3, 1799 (1 Stats., 7p). AN ACT for the better organization of the troops of the United States, and for other purposes. * •» * Sec. 1.5. That the Paymaster-General of the armies of the United States shall always quarter at or near the headquarters of the main army, or at such place as the Commander in Chief shall deem proper; and that, to the army on the Western frontiers and to detaclimeuts from the main army, intended to act separately for a time, he shall appoint deputy paymasters, who shall account to him for the money advanced to them, and shall each give a bond in the sum of fifteen thousand dollars, with sufficient sureties, for the faithful discharge of their duties, respectively, and take an oath faithfully to execute the duties of their offices. . . . And that the Pajanaster-General shall receive eighty dollars per month, with the rations and forage of a major, in full compensation for his services and traveling expenses; and the deputy, in addition to his pay and other emoluments, thirty dollars per month, in full compensation for his services and traveling expenses. Act of Apr /I 22, ISOO {2 Stats., S8). AN ACT to lix the compensation of the Paymaster-General and assistant to the Ad j utant-General . Sec. 1. That the Paymaster-General of the Army of the United States shall receive one hiuulred and twenty dollars per month, with the rations and forage of a major, in full compensation for his services and traveling expenses, to I)e computed from the conmiencementof the time of his actual residence at the seat of Government, anything in the "Act for the better organization of the troops of the United States, and for other purposes," to the contrary notwithstanding. 460 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. .ARMY. Act of Mafpch 16, 1802 (^ Stats., 132). AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of the United States. * Sec. 3. That there shall be . . . one paj^master of the Army, seven pa3^ma,sters and two assistants, to l)e attached to such districts as the President of the United States shall direct, to be taken from the line of commissioned officers, who, in addition to their other duties, shall have charge of the clothing of the troops. Sec. 4. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows, to wit: To the . . . paymaster of the Army, one hundred and twenty dollars, without any other emolument, except such stationery as may be requisite in his department and the use of the pul)lic office now occupied l)y him; . . . each paymaster attached to districts, thirty dollars, and each assistant to such paymaster, ten dollars, in addition to his pay in the line. * * * Sec. 8. That . . . the Secretary of War is herel^y authorized to cause to be furnished to the paymasters of the respective districts such surplus of clothing- as he may deem expedient, which clothing shall, under his direction, be furnished to the soldiers, when necessary, at the contract prices and accounted for l)y them out of the arrears of mo n till V pay. * * * Sec. 13. That the said corps shall be paid in such manner that the arrears shall, at no time, exceed two months, unless the circumstances of the case shall render it unavoidable. * * * Sec. 16. That the Paymaster shall perform the duties of his office, agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States, for the time being; and before he enters on the duties of the same shall give bonds, with good and sufficient sureties, in such sums as the President shall direct, for the faithful discharge of his said office; and shall take an oath to execute the duties thereof with fidelity ; and it shall , moreover, be his duty to appoint from the line, with the approbation of the President of the United States, the several paymasters to districts and assistants prescribed by this act; and he is hereby authorized to require the said paymasters to districts and assistants to enter into bonds, with good and sufficient surety, for the faithful discharge of their respective duties. Act of April JO, 1810 {2 Stats., 592). AN ACT rejjnlating the Post-Otfice Department. Sec. 24. That hitters and packets, to and from the following officers of the United States, shall be received and conveyed by post, free of postage, . . . the . . . Paymaster of the Army. . . . THE PAY DEPAKTMENT. 461 Act ofJanuanj 11, 1812 (^ StaU., 671). AN ACT to raise an additional military force. * * . * Sec. 9, That . . . the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to cause to bo furnished to the paymasters of the respective districts such surplus of clothing as he may deem expedient, which clothing shall, under his direction, be furnished to the soldiers, when necessary, at the contract prices and accounted for by them out of their arrears of monthly pay. " ' * -x- * Sec. 13. That the said corps shall be paid in such manner that the arrears shall, at no time, exceed two months, unless the circumstances of the case shall render it unavoidable. Act of May 16, 1812 {2 Stats., 735). AN ACT making further provision for the Armj^ of the United States. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, author- ized and empowered to appoint so many district paymasters as, in his judgment, the service may require; and if such paymasters are taken from the line of the Arm}^, they shall, respectively, receive thirty dollars ])er month in addition to their pay in the line: Provided, The same shall in no case exceed the pa}^ and emoluments of a major; and if not taken from the line, they shall receive the same pay and emolu- ments as a major of infantry. Sec. 2. . . . Provided, That all district . . . paymasters shall be subject to the rules and articles of Avar, and give such bonds to the United States as the Secretary for the Department of War may direct for the faithful performance of their duties. And it shall be the duty of the commanding officer, when requested by the paymaster, to furnish a capable noncommissioned officer or soldier to aid him in the dis- charge of his duty, who, while so emplo^^ed, shall receive double pay. Act of July 6, mm (2 Stats., 78%). AN ACT making further provisions for the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That to any army of the United States, other than that in which the . . . Pa^nnasterof the Army shall serve, it shall be lawful for the President to appoint . . . one deputy paymaster-general who shall be taken from the line of the Army, and who shall, in addi- tion to his pay and other emoluments, be entitled to fifty dollars per month, Avhich shall be in full compensation for his extra services. And that there shall be, to each of the foregoing deputies, such num- ber of assistant deputies (not exceeding three to each department) as the public service may require, who shall, in like manner, be taken from the line, and who shall each be entitled to thirty dollars per month, in addition to his pay and other emoluments, which shall be in full compensation for his extra services: And provided also, That the 462 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint any of the officers named in this act during the recess of the Senate, to be submitted to the Senate at their next meeting- for their advice and consent. Act ofJanuanj £9, 1S13 {2 Stot.s., 794). AN ACT ill addition to the act entitled "An act to raise uii additional military force," and for other purposes. * * vfr Sec. 9. That the said regiments shall be paid in such manner that the arrears shall at no time exceed two months, unless the circumstances of the case shall render it unavoidable. Act of March 3, IS 13 {2 Stats., 816). AN ACT the better to provide for the supplies of the Army of the United States, and for the accountability of persons entrusted with the same. * * -K- Sec. 4. That the officers . . . who uvAy receive monies in advance from tlie War Department shall render quarterly accounts to the accountant of the said Department of their specie receipts and dis- bursements, and shall moreover make such other monthly summary statements thereof to the Secretary for the said Department as he may prescribe. ... Act of March 30, 18U {3 Stats., 113). AN ACT for better organizing, paying, and supplying the Army of the United States. * * * Sec. 20. That in no case shall the district paymasters ... be taken from the line of the Army. -X- w * Act of April IS, ISU {3 Stats., MS). AN ACT fixing the salary of the Paymaster of the Army of the United States, and allowing a sum for the employment of additional clerks in his office for the year one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, and providing for the appointment of assistant district paymasters. That in lieu of the monthly compensation now allowed b}^ law to the Paymaster of the Army of the United States, he shall receive an annual salary of two thousand dollars, to be paid (piarter yearly, at the Treasury of the United States, and to commence on tlu^ 1st day of January last. Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint so man}^ assistant district paymasters, not exceeding tliirty, as the public service may, in his opinion, require: Ptomded That the Presi- THE PAY DEPARTMENT, 463 (lent of the United States .shall have power to appoint any ofEcer authorized l)y this act, during the recess of the Senate, to be submitted to them for their advice and consent at their next session. Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the Paymaster of the Army, under the direction of the War Department, to make all disburse- ments of money within that Department to the district paymasters, and to adjust, state, and exhibit their several accounts, according- to such forms, and within such periods, as shall be prescribed for that purpose by the Tieasury Department. Sec. 4. That to secure the regular and punctual payment of the troops, the district paymasters shall examine and transmit to the Pay- master of the Army the accounts and vouchers for all disbursements which have been made by them to the troops of the army or district where the}^ shall be stationed, as soon as the first payment shall have ])een made, and accompany the same with an estimate for the next imyment, wdiich accounts and estimates shall be regularly transmitted, that settlements may be made and competent funds remitted: Provided also. That the said district and assistant paymasters shall make pay- ments to the militia in the service of the United States when required by the Secretary of War or the Paymaster of the Army. ' Sec. 5. That the assistant disti-ict paymasters shall receive the pay and emoluments of a captain of infantr3'' and forage for one horse. Sec. 6. That the district and assistant district paymasters shall severally give bonds, with good and sufficient security, to the United States for the faithful performance of their duties, in such sums as shall be required by the Paymaster of the Army, under the direction of the War Departnient, and shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War. ■ Sec. 7. That this act shall continue in force until the termination of the war in which the United States are now engaged with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the dependencies thereof, and for one year thereafter and no longer. May 17, 1815. — . . . And the President of the United States has further judged proper, that, in addition to the provision. for a general staff, which is specific- ally made by the act of Congress, certain officers shall be retained, under the spe- cial authority given by the act, until circumstances will permit of their discharge, without material injury to the service, and that the following shall be the GENERAL STAFF. A I*aymaster of the Army. Two "deputy paymasters-general and two assistant deputy paymasters, to be pro- visionallv retained. * * * {acneml Orda-H, A. and I. (L'.s Offict'.) Act of April U, 1H16 {3 Stats., 297). AN ACT for organizing the general staff and making further provisions for the Army of the Ignited States. Sec. 3. That the Pay Dej)artment shall consist cf one Paymaster- General of the Army, with the annual salary of two thousand five hundred dollars, and that . . . there be appointed one paymaster 464 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. to each battalion of the corps of artillery, who, . . . , in addition to the regular and punctual payment of their respective . . . corps, shall discharge the duties of district paymasters within such dis- trict as shall from time to time be assigned them by the Paymaster- General, under the direction of the Secretary of War: Provided., That . . . battalion paymasters may be taken either from the subalterns of the Army or citizens and appointed by the President of the United States: 7 Wy/(i't'(^«/.so, That . . . battalion paymasters shall receive the pay and emoluments of a major, and shall be allowed a capable non- commissioned officer as clerk, who while so employed shall receive double pay and the actual expense of transportation while traveling under orders in the discharge of his dut}-. Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the . . . battalion pay- masters to pay all the regular troops; and to ensure punctuality and responsil)ility correct reports shall be made to the Paymaster-General once in two months, showing the disposition of the funds previously transmitted, with accurate estimates for the next payment of such regi- ment, garrison, or department as may have been assigned to each; and whenever any paymaster shall fail to transmit such estimate or neglect to render his vouchers to the Paymaster-General for settlement of his accounts more than six months after receiving funds he shall be recalled and another appointed in his place. * * * Sec. 6. That all officers of the Pay . . . Department shall, pre- vious to their entering on the duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, fully to account for all moneys and public property which they may receive, in such sum as the Secretary of War shall direct; and all paymasters . . . shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War in the same manner as com- missioned officers: Pmvided also., That all officers of the Pay . . . Department be submitted to the Senate for their confirmation in the same manner as officers of the Army. Sec. 7. . . . : Provided., That whenever more than the author- ized quantity is required the value of the extra articles shall be deducted from the soldiers' pay, and in like manner the soldiers shall receive pay according to the annual estimated value for such author- ized articles of uniform as shall iiot have been issued to him in each year: Provided (duo., That the manner of issuing and accounting for clothing shall be established in the general regulations of the War Department. Sec. 8. That in all cases where a soldier of the Regular Army shall have been discharged from the service of the United States, and cloth- ing shall be duo to said soldier, it shall 1)0 the duty of the Paymaster- General to cause the same to bo paid for according to the price paid in the seventh section of this act. Act of xipr'd m, mm {S stats., SOI). AN ACT Hupplt'iiR'ntary to an Act entitled "An act granting ))ounties in land and extra pay to certain Canadian volunteers." That instead of the Treasurer of the United States, as is prescribed ])y the third section of the act to which this is a supplement, the Pay- master of the Army of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- THE PAY DEPAETMENT. 465 ized unci required to pay each of the persons [citizens of the United States anterior to the late war, and at its commencement inhabiting Canada, but who during the w^ar joined the armies of the United States as volunteers] described in the act above recited, according to the provisions thereof, three months' pay in addition to that to which they may have been previously entitled, according to the rank they respectively held in the Army of the United States during the late war. Act of March S, IS 17 {3 Stats., 399). AN ACT for the relief of certain officers. That the Paymaster-General be authorized, and is hereby required, to pay the general staff (the volunteer aids excepted) of the governor of the Illinois Territory, while in service in the year one thousand eight hundred and twelve; and that to each one be allowed the pay and emoluments of a major of infantr3^ Act of March 2, 1821 {3 Stats., 615). AN ACT to reduce and tix tiie military peace establishment of the United States, ■jr * * Sec. 9. That there shall be one Paymaster-General with the present compensation, and fourteen paymasters with the pa}' and emoluments of regimental paymasters. * * * Act of March 2, 1827 (^ Stats., 238). AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post-Office Department. * -X- -x- Sec. 4. That the . . . Paymaster-General ... be author- ized to frank and to receive letters and packets by post free of postage. ... Act of July U, 1832 (4 Stats., 580). AN ACT supplementary to the several acts making appropriation for the civil and military service during the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two. * * * Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the district paymasters of the Army of the United States, in addition to the payments required to be made l>y them to the regular troops, to make payment to all other troops in the service of the United States whenever required thereto by order of the President. Act of March 2, 1833 (^ Stats., 642). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year one thou- sand eight hundred and thirty-three. * -x- -x- Sec. 2. That the Secretary of AV^ir be authorized, at his discretion, out of the monies appropriated by this or any former act for the pay- S. Doc. 229 30 466 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. iiient of the militia ordered into the service of the United States accord- ing- to law during the last .vear, to allow and pay to the district pay- masters of the Army of the United States employed in making such payments a commission on the sums respectively paid by them, not exceeding one per centum upon the amounts. Act of JaJy //,, 1836 {5 8taU.. 117). AN ACT autliorizing the ai)pointnient of additional i)ayiiiasters, and for other purposes. That the President of the United States be, and he hereb}" is, author- ized and empowered to appoint three additional paymasters, to be attached to the Pay Department of the Army: Provldrd^ That the appointments be submitted to the Senate for their confirmation in the same manner as other officers of the Arm3^ Sec. '1. That the officers appointed in virtue of this act shall per- form the same duties and receive the same pay and allowances as the present paymasters of the Army, and shall in like manner be subject to the rules and Articles of War, and previous to entering upon the duties of their office shall give such bonds to the United States as the Secretary of War may direct for the faithful performance of their duties. Sec. 3. That when volunteers or militia are called into the service of the United States, so that the pavmasters authorized by law shall not be deemed sufficient to enaljle them to pa}" the troops with proper punctuality, it shall be lawful for the President to assign to any officer of the Army the duty of pavmaster, who, while so assigned, shall per- form the same duty, give the same bond, be subject to the same liability, and receive the same emoluments as are now provided for paymaster of the Army: Provided., however., That the number of officers so assigned shall not exceed one for every two regiments of militia or volunteers: And provided also., That the whole emoluments of said officers, including their pay and allowances in the line, shall not exceed the pa}' and emoluments of a pavmaster. Art of Jul;/ ;7, 1S3H {G Sfat.H., 250^. AN ACrr to increase tlie jn-esent military establislinient nf the United to officers of the line and staff for every five ^'ears' service. AiKjui^t 11, 1842 {B-504). — The Paymaster-General was directed to ascertain and certify what would have been due to the militia called out by the State of Georgia, during the Seminole, Cliemkee, and (^reek campaigns, or forthe suppression of Indian liostilities in Florida and Alal)ama, if the volunteers and militia had been duly called and mustered into the service of the United States. Act of August '33^ 18J^2 {5 Stats., 5m). ■ AN ACT respecting the organization of tlie Army, and for other purposes. -X- * -X- Sec. 4. That within one month after the passage of this act the offices of . . . three paymasters . . . shall ))(> abolished, and that number of paymasters . . . shall be discharged by the Presi- 468 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. dent, and tbe}^ shall he allowed three months' pay, in addition to the pa,y and emoluments to which they may be entitled at the time of their discharge. * * x- Act of Juno 17, 18 J^ {9 Stats., 17). AN ACT making alterations in the Pay Department of the Army. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint three additional paymasters, to be attached to the Pay Department of the Arm3^ Sec. 2. That the officers appointed in virtue of this act shall per- form the same duties, receive the same pay and allowances as the present pa^ymasters of the Army, and shall, in like manner, l)e subject to the rules and Articles of War, and, previous to entering upon the duties of their office, shall give such bonds to the United States as the Secretary of War may direct, for the faithful performance of their duties. Act of 3f arch 3, 181^7 {9 Stats., 184). AN ACT making provision for an additional number of general officers, and for other purposes. * * -K- Sec. 12. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized, b}' and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to add to the Pay Department of the Army two deputy paymaster- generals, wdth the pay and allowances, each, of a paymaster of the Army; and the officers so appointed shall give such bonds as the President shall, from time to time, direct: P/'ooided, That the deputy paymaster-generals shall, in addition to paying troops, superintend the payment of armies in the tield. Sec. 13. That the officers of the Pay Department shall have rank corresponding with the rank to which their pay and allowances are assimilated: Proinded, That paymasters shall not, in virtue of such rank, bo entitled to command in the line or other stati' departments of the Ami}-: Provided also. That the right to command in the Pay Department, Ijetween officers having the same rank, shall be in favor of the oldest in service in the department, without regard to the date of commission under which they may be acting at the time. Sec. 14. That all paymasters hereafter to ])e appointed by the Presi- dent for the volunteer service of the United States shall be nominated to the Senate for confirmation to such office. * -x- •>:- Sec. 22. That all officers appointed . . . under this act shall be discharged at the close of the war with Mexico. Act (fJuly 19, 18If8 if) Stats., ^p). AN ACT to amend an act entitled " An act supplemental to an act entitled 'An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between th^ United States and the Republic of Mexico,' " and for other purposes. ■X- -X- -x- Sec. 3. That so much of . . . the act of the third March, eighteen hundred and forty-seven, as requires the discharge at the THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 469 close of the war with M(^xieo of . . . tlio two deputy pa}' masters, as authorized by th(^ twelfth section of the last-mentioned act, . be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, That no vacancy happening- under the provisions so repealed shall be filled up until further authorized by law: And provided further, That the ten addi- tional paymasters appointed in virtue of the said foregoing act of third March, eighteen hundred and forty-seven, shall be retained in service until the fourth da}' of March, eighteen hundred and forty-nine. «■ * * July 29, 184S (9-339). — Paymaster-General to establish regulations for the pay- ment of the three months' extra pay allowed to officers and men who served in the Mexican war, by the act of July 19, 1848 (9-247). Aef (jfAugmt 12, I84.S {9 Stats., 303). AN ACT concerning the Pay Dej^artment of the Army. That the Paymaster-Cxeneral be, and he is hereby, authorized to allow an}" of the paymasters of the Arm}" who shall have been employed in the payment of volunteers during the late war with Mexico such a commission not exceeding one-half of one per centum on all sums dis- bursed by them as aforesaid as he shall deem a reasonable compensa- tion for the risk and labor attending such service: Provided, That the said commission to any one paymaster shall not exceed one thousand dollars per annimi from the commencement to the close of the war. Sec. 2. That the said Paymaster-General uiay, in his discretion, allow to any paymaster's clerk, in lieu of the pay now allowed by law, an annual salary of seven hundred dollars. Act of March 2, ISIfd {9 Stats.. 350). AN ACT concerning the Pay Department of the Army. That the Pay Department of the Army shall consist of a Paymaster- General, who shall have the rank of colonel, and the same pay and allowances as are at present provided by law, and the same tenure of office as the heads of other disbui'sing departments of the Army; two deputy paymasters-general with the same rank, pay, and allowances as are now provided by law for such ofiicers, and the same tenure of office as ofiicers of like grade in other disbursing departments of the Army, and twenty-five paymasters, with the same rank, pay, and allowances as are now provided by law for such ofiicers, and the same tenure of ofiice as ofiicers of like grade in other disbursing departments of the Army. That it shall be the duty of all disbursing ofiicers of the Pay Department to renew their bonds, or furnish additional security, at least once in four years or as much oftener as the President may direct. That the officers of the Pay Department provided for l)y the first sec- tion of this act shall consist of the Paymaster-General, the two deputy paymasters-gcnei'al now in commission, the fifteen paymasters who were in service under the acts in force at the commencement of the war with Mexico, and ten paymasters to bo selected from the additional paymasters now in service, and the thirteen paymasters authorized by the acts of the seventeenth of June, eighteen hundred and forty -six, and the third of March, eighteen hundred and forty-seven. July 29, 1850 {9-562). — Settlement of claims for extra pay granted to officers and men who served in the Mexican war, transferred from the Pay Department to the Second Auditor of the Treasury. 470 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S, ARMY. Act of March 3, 1851 (9 /Stats., 595). AN ACT to found a military asylum for the relief and 8ui)port of invalid and disabled soldiers of the Army of the ITnited States. •;:- * -A- Sec. 2. That . . . the Paymaster-Genoriil . . . shall he ex officio commissionci- of the same. •X- * * Act of AiKjaxt 31, 185'2 {10 Stats., 105). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three. * -;<■ * Sec. 5. That paymasters' clerks shall bo entitled to receive one ration per day when on duty at their stations, to ))e conuniited at the price now authorized when traveling on duty. * * •::- March 3, 1859 {11-431). — Board of commissioners of the Soldiers' Home reduced; Paymaster-General no longer a member thereof. March 19, 1862 {12-616) . — The Paymaster-General to apply moneys appropriated by any State for the payment of its volunteers, for the jjayments designated by the legislative act making the appropriation, in the same manner as if appropriated by Congress. March 3, 1863 {12-825). — The Paymaster-General was directed to take immediate measures for the prompt payment (within sixty days from the passage of the resolu- tion) of the sick and wounVled soldiers in coiivalescent camps, hospitals, and else- where. Act ifJvne W, 186 Jf. {13 Stats., lU)- AN ACT to increase the })ay of srsucli i)urchases; settelment for tobacco sold to enlisted men to be deducted from their pay in same manner as provided for the settlement of clothing accounts. Ad of July 28, 1866' {IJ^ Stats., 310). AN ACT making a]ij)ropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 15. That in the payment of the additional bounty herein pro- ' Section 12 grants $100 bounty to men enlisted after April 19, 1861, who served faithfully for three years, and section i;} $50 bounty to men enlisted after April 14, 1861, who served two years or were discharged for wounds receivt'd in line e, and the same is hereby, repealed. Art ofJuhj 2^, 1S7G {19 Sfafs., 95). AN ACT ('.stal)lishing the rank of tlic Payniaster-General. That from and after the passage of this act the rank of the Paymas- ter-General of the United States Army shall be brioadier-general; but no pay or allowances shall be made to said officer other than from the date of appointment under this act. July 34, 1876 {19-'J7). — A])])ropriations under liead " Pay Department " to be accounted for by dii^lnir8ing uttieers under the title "Pay, etc., of the Army, 1877," .«o that the total amount sshall uot be exceeded. March 3, 1S77 {19-270), repeals section 1194, Revised Statutes, now applying only to grades in the Pay Department above rank of major. Ikcemher 15, 1877 {20-7). — All papers in the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, etc., relating to payment of bounties, etc., to be turned over to the Paymaster-General. REVISED STATUTES— 2ND EDITION— 1878. * -X- * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of— * -X- -X- A Pay Department. -X- -X- * Sec. 1182. The Pa}^ Department of the Army shall consist of one Paymaster-General, with the rank of colonel: two assistant paymas- ters-oeneral, with the rank of colonel of cavaliy; two deputy paymas- ters-general, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and sixty paj^masters, with the rank of major of cavalry. Sec. 1188. Officers of the Pay Department shall not be entitled, in virtue of their rank, to command in the line or in other staff corps. Sec. 1184. When volunteers or militia are called into the service of the United States, and the officers of the Paymaster's Department are not deemed by the President sufficient for the punctual payment of the troops, he may appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and add to said corps as many paymasters, to be called addi- tional paymasters, with the rank of major, not exceeding one for every two regiments of volunteers or luilitia, as he may deem necessary. Sec. 1185. Additional paymasters shall be retained in service only so long as they may be required for the payment of volunteers and militia, as provided herein. Sec. 118(5. The Paymaster-General shall perform the duties of his office under the direction of the President. Sec. 1187. The deputy paymasters-general shall, in addition to pay- ing troops, superintend the payment of armies in the field. Sec. 1188. The paymasters and additional paymasters shall pay the regular troops, and shall pay all other troops in the service of the United States when required" to do so by order of the President. Sec. 1189. The Army shall be paid in such manner that the arrears THE PAY dp:paiitment. 475 shall at no time exceed two months, unless circumstances shall render further arrears unavoidable. '8p:o. lliH). Paymasters and additional paymasters shall Ije allowed a capable noncommissioned officer or private as clerk. When suitable noncommissioned officers or privates can not he procured from the line of the Army, they are authorized, })y and with the approbation of the Secretary of War, to employ citizens as clerks, at a salary of twelve hundred dollars a year. Sec. 1191. All officers of the . . . Pay Department . . . shall, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient ))onds to the United States, in such siuns as the Secretary of War may direct, faithfully to account for all public moneys and property which they may receive. The President may, at any time, increase the sums so prescribed. . . Sec. IIU^. All dis])ursing officers of the Pay Department shall renew theii bonds or furnish additional security at least once in four years, and as much oftener as the President may direct. Sec. 1193. The . . . Paymaster-CTcneral shall be appointed 1)y selection from the corps to which they ])elong. Sec. 1191.^ Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions ... in the Pay . departments. •X- * * Sec. 1299. Paymasters to deduct amount due by officers* for rations purchased on credit from the payment made next after such purchase shall have heen reported to the Paymaster-General. Sec. 1300. Paymasters to deduct amount due hv enlisted men for articles purchased on credit from the Subsistence Department from the payment made next after such purchase shall have been reported to tlie Paymaster-General. * * * Sec. 1305. Paymasters to issue deposit books to enlisted men wiio may deposit their savings with them in sums not less than five dollars. Sec. 1306. Four percent interest allowed on sums not less than fifty dollars on deposit for six months or more. Sec. 1307. System of deposits to be regulated l)y the Secretary of War. Sec. 1308. Amounts of deposits and clothing balances payable, on discharge, out of the appropriations for "pay of the Army" for the current fiscal year. STATUTES AT LARGE, Act of Marcli. S, ISSS (32 ,Sfatx., J,5G). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending •June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purjioses. * * * PAY DEPARTMENT. Fo)' pay of the Army. — . . . Provided,, That vacancies that may hereafter occur in the Pay Corps of the Army in the grades of lieutenant-colonel and major, by reason of death, resignation, dismissal, or retirement, shall not be tilled by original appointment until the Pay ^So much of this section as applies to paymasters of the rank of major was repealed by joint resolution of March 3, 1875. The act of March 3, 1877, repeals the whole of this section so far as it applies to the Pay Department. 476 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Corps shall by such vacancies l)c reduced to forty paymasters, and the number of the Pay Corps shall then be established at fort}-, and no more, . Act of July 6, 1884, {23 Stats., J 07). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. -X- * -X- Pay Department.— . . . Provided., That hereafter any pay- master of the rank of major who has served twent}^ years in the United States Army as a commissioned officer may, upon his own application or by direction of the President, be placed upon the retired list of the Army until the Pay Department shall be reduced to thirty- five members, as follows: One Paymaster-General, with the rank of brigadier-general; two assistant paymasters-general, with the rank of colonel; three deputy paymasters-general, with the rank of lieutenant- colonel, and twentj'-nine paj^masters, with the rank of major; and no more appointments of pavmasters shall ])e made in the Pay Department until the number shall be reduced below twenty-nine majors, and thereafter the number of officers in the Pay Department shall not exceed thirty-five: Provided further., That nothing herein shall be construed to change ^he present relative rank of any officer now in the Pay Corps. . . . * * * August C, 1894 {28-2SS). — Suins known as detained pay shall, when repaid, become a charge against the fund "pay of the Army" for the year in which enlisted men have been or may be discharged. Act of July 16, 1893' {27 Stats., 174). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and for other purposes. * * x- Pay Department. — . . . Provided, That no appointments shall be made to the grade of major in the Pay Department of the Army until the numl)er of majors in that department is reduced below twenty-five, and thereafter the number of officers of that grade in the Pay Department shall be fixed at twenty -five: And provided further., That the Secretary of War is also authorized to arrange for the pay- ment of the enlisted men serving at posts or places where no pav- master is on duty, by check or by currency, to be sent to them by mail or express at the expense and risk of the United States. Act of Fehrnary 27, 1893 {27 Stats., 4,78). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, and for other purposes. * * -X- Pay Department. — . . . Provided, That hereafter no appoint- ments shall be made to the grade of major in the Pay Department of ' Number of paymaster (derks to be reduced one for every paymaster reduced. Provision repeated by act of February 27, 1893. THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 477 the Army until the miuiber of majors in that department is reduced below twentv-tive, and thereafter the number of officers of that grade in the Pay Department shall be fixed at twentj^-five. Act of Fclruary m, 1805 (28 Stats., 65 1^). AN ACT makinji appropriatiuns for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eigliteen hundred and ninety-six, and for otlier purposes FOU PAY OF GENERAL STAFF, Pay Department. — . . . Provided, That there shall be no appointment of major in the Pay Department until the number of officers in that g-rade shall be reduced below twenty, and thereafter the number of such officers in that grade shall be fixed at twenty. Act of May J,, 1898 (SO Stats., 390). AN ACT making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for sup- port of the Army for the fiscal year eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, and for other purposes. PAY DEPARTMENT. All the money hereinbefore appropriated under ''Pay Department," except for '"''mileage to officers," shall be disbursed and accounted for by the Pay Department as pay of the Army, and for that purpose shall constitute one fund. Act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approyal of this act the Arni}^ of the United States shall consist of . . . a Pay Department, . . . •X- * * Sec. 7. That the ... Pay Department . . . shall consist of the officers . . , nowproyidedby law: . . . And provided also, That no person in ciyil life shall hereafter l)e appointed a . . . paymaster, . . . until he shall haye passed satisfactoril}^ such examination as to his moral, mental, and physical qualifications as may be prescribed ]\y the President; and no such person shall be appointed who is more than forty-four years of age: Providtd furtlo r. That in case of the appointment of an officer who has seryed in a similar capac- ity during the war with Spain and has demonstrated his moral, mental, and physical (jualitications for the position, then such examination shall not be required. 478 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. li. That the President is hereby authorized to continue in serv- ice, or to appoint, ])y and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the vohuiteer staff as follows: •>!• * * Thirtv additional paymasters, with the rank of major. •;:• * •>:- May i26, 1900 [SI — ). — Allotments of pay of enlisted men to pass to the credit of disbursing officer, when paid one month subsequent to the month in which such allotments accrued, if he has used due diligence in obtaining and using all informa- tion that may have l)een received at the War Department relative to the grantors. Paymaster-General to collect erroneous payments made because of the failure of the proper officer to report whatever facts rendered allotment made unpayable. Art of FchniHi-y -2, 1901 {ol -S'/r/As-., — ). AN ACT to increa.se the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of . . . a Pay Department. . . . * % 'A Sec. 19. . . . Payments to the Nurse Corps shall be made by the Pay Department. * * * Sec. 21. That the Pay Deparcmcnt shall consist of one Paymaster- General with the rank of brigadier-general, three assistant paymasters- general with the rank of colonel, four deputy paymasters-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, twenty paymasters with the rank of major, and twenty-live paymasters with the rank of captain, mounted: Provided^ That all vacancies in the grade of colonel and lieutenant- colonel created or caused by this section shall be tilled by promotion according to seniority, as now prescribed by law, and no more appoint- ments to the grade of major and paymaster shall be made until the number of majors and paymasters is reduced l)elow twenty: Andj^i'o- vlded^ That persons who have served in the Volunteer Army since April twenty-tirst, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, as additional pa3^mastcrs may be appointed to positions in the grade of captain, created by this section. So long as there remain surplus majors an equal niunber of vacancies shall be held in the grade of captain, so that the total number of paymasters authorized l)y this section shall not be exceeded at an}^ time. Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma- nent appointments in the . . . Pay Department, . . , includ- ing those appointed to original vacancies in the grades of captain and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seven- teen, twenty-one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be tilled by such promotions or to the periods for which the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur, which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section, it shall be tilled bv detail from the line of the Army, and no more THE PAY DEPARTMENT. 479 permanent appointments .shall be made in those departments or corps after the original vacancies ci'eated by this act shall have been tilled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist, under such system of examination as the President may from time to time prescribe. All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the expiration of which time they shall return to duty with the line, and officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not again be eligible for selection in any staff department until they shall have served two 3'ears with the line. That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four years. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff' corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided b}^ law for said office, said chief shall, while .so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro- vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff' corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pay, and allowances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided., That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff' corps or depart- ment holding permanent appointments the chief of such staff' corps or department shall be selected from the officers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line trans- ferred to any department of the staff' for tours of service under this act shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff' depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused b}' details from the line to the staff' shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff' dut}-. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized bv law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. Act ofMturh '2, 1001 {Jl Stats.., —). AN ACT inakiiijr ui)propriation for the su])nort of i\w Army for the liscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and two. •X- ■/.■ -:<• Provided., That appointments to fill original vacancies ... in the grade of captain in the . . . Pa}' Department may be made from officers of volunteers conmiissioned since April twenty-first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. IX.-THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. S. Uoc. 2211 31 181 THE COKPS OF ENUINEERS. The earliest records relative to what is now known as the Corps of Engineers are very incomplete, but the journals of the Continental Congress indicate the gradual development of the corps under the peculiar conditions then existing. Thus, on June Id, 1775, the day before the battle of Bunker Hill, one chief engineer and two assist- ants wore authorized for the '"Grand Armj^," and one chief engineer and two assistants ''in a separate department." The first formal estal)lishment of a Corps of Engineers dates from March 11, 1779. The corps was disbanded in November, 1783, but partially revived May i>, 17!>1, and perfected l)y the act of March 16, 1802. in the earlier period of its organization the duties now per- taining to the Corps of Engineers were divided between two different branches, but although, as early as July 25, 1777, a ' *■ geographer and sur- veyor of the roads" was authorized, the special functions of topograph- ical enginers were not specihcally provided for until the act of March 3, 1813, authorizing eight topographical engineers and eight assistants. In August, 1818, a separate Topographical Bureau was estal^lished in the War Department, under the immediate direction of the Secretary of War and the Chief Engineer. June 21, 1831, the Topographical Bureau was constituted by the Secretary of War a distinct bureau of the War Department; and by the act of July 5, 1838, an independent corps of topographical engineers was created. It was abolished by the act of March 3, 1863, and merged into the Corps of Engineers. June ^ — , 1775. — Col. Richard Gridley (Massachusetts). Aug. 5, 1776. — Col. Rufus Putnam (Massachusetts). July -22, 1777.— Col. (Brig. Gen., Nov. 17, 1777; Maj. Gen., Nov. 16, 1781) Louis du Portail (France). Feb. 26, 1795. — Lieut. Col. Stephen Rochefontaine (France), couinianding corps of artillerists and engineers. May 7, 1798. — Lieut. Col. Henry Burbeck (Massachusetts), commanding corjw of artillerists and engineers. July 8, 1802.— Lieut. Col. (Col., Fel). 23, 1808) Jonathan AVilliams (Pennsylvania). July 31, 1812.— Col. Joseph G. Swift (Massachusetts). Nov. 12, 1818.— Col. Walker K. Arniistead (Virginia). Jmie 1, 1821.— Col. Alexander Macomb (New York). :\Iav 24, 1828.— Col. Charles (iratiot (Missouri Territory). Dec. 7, 1838.— Col. Joseph G. Totten (Connecticut). Apr. 22, 1864.— Brig. Gen. Richard Delafield (New York). Aug. 8, 1866. — Brig. CJen. Andrew A. Humphreys (Pennsylvania). June 30, 1879. — Brig. Gen. Horatio G. Wright (Connecticut). Mar. (), 1884. — Brig. Gen. John Newton (Virginia). Oct. 11, 1886.— Brig. Gen. James C. Duane (New York). July <>, 1888.— Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey (Rhode Island). May 10, 1895.— Brig. Gen. William P. Craighill (Virginia). Feb. 1, 1897.— Brig. Gen. John M. Wilson (Washington Territory). 483 484 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AKMY. 1777-1783. Geographer. July 25, 1777. — Mr. Robert Erskine. Dec. 4, 1780.— Mr. Simeon De Witt. May 4, 1781. — Mr. Thomas Hutching, for the southern army. 1813-1838. TopograpldcAil Engineers. Apr. 12, 1813. — Bvt. Lieut. Col. John Ander.son ^ (Vermont). Sept. 14, 1834.— Bvt. Lieut. Col. John J. Abert (Virginia). 1838-1863. Corps of Topographical Eiigljicers. July 7, 1838. — Col. John J. Abert (Virginia). Sept. 9, 1861. — Col. Stephen H. Long (New Hamp.shire). MVhile Colonel Anderson was the senior topographical engineer until his death in 1834, the Army Register for 1829 gives Maj. Isaac Roberdeau, T. E., as in charge of the Topographical Bureau. At his death, January 15, 1829, Major Roberdeau was succeeded in that charge by Colonel Abert. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN ( CONTINENT Ali) CONGRESS. Jime 16^ 1775. Resolved^ . . . That there be one Chief Engineer at the Grand Ami}', and that his pay l)e sixty dollars per month. That two assistants be employed under him, and that the pay of each of them be twenty dollars per month. That there be one Chief Engineer for the Arm}*, in a separate department, and two assistants under him; that the pay of the Chief Engineer be sixty dollars per month, and the pay of the assistants each twenty dollars per month. Ocfohrr 3, 1775. Resolved^ That the committee appointed to repair to the camp do confer with Mr. Eittenhouse and enquire of him w hether he appre- hends he can be of service to the continent as an engineer, and if he can, to engage him, and desire he would, w^ith all convenient speed, repair to the camp. January 16, 1776. Resolved^ . . . That if General Washington think proper. Colo- nel R. Gridley be continued chief engineer in the army at Cambridge. That the pay of the assistant engineers in the army at Cambridge be 2() dollars and two-thirds per month. March 38, 1776. Resolved., That two engineers be (^nployed for the Southern Depart- ment. March 30, 1776. The committee proceeded to the election of two engineers for the Southern Department; and the ballots being taken, John Stadler and Monsieur Massenback were elected. April 36, 1776'. Resolved, That Mr. Baldwin, the assistant engineer, ordered to Canada, be allow^ed, in consideration of his merit, the pay and rank of lieutenant-colonel on the Continental establishment. 4«5 486 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. April W, 1776. Major Wrixon declined coiiiniis.sioii of Chief Engineer. 21. Hesolved,, . . . That the pay of the deputy engineers be raised to 30 dollars a month, and that the}^ be allowed rations for themselves and forage for their horses when in camp or necessarily absent on Continental duty. J'une 26, 1776. Resolved., That Mons. Antoine Felix Weibert, who applies to be employed as an engineer in the Continental Army, be recommended to General Washington as a person who appears to be qualilied to act in that capacity; but as he asks no more at present than to be placed in a situation in which he may 1)e enabled to evidence his ability, that the General l)e desired to employ him in such a wa}^ as he shall judge will best conduce to the good of the service and answer Mons. Wei- berfs request. July 16, 1776. Resolved, That Monsieur Kermo van lie appointed an engineer in the Continental service, with the pay of (>( ) dollars a month and the rank of lieutenant-colonel. July '2S, 1776. Resolved, . . . That Monsieur St. Martin ])e appointed an engi- neer, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and that he be directed to repair to New York and put himself under the command of General Washington. J(dy W, 1776. Resolved, . . . That Mons. Christopher Pelliser, who has suf- fered considerably by warmly espousing and taking an active part in the cause of America, in Canada, be appointed an engineer in the serv- ice of the United States, with the pay of 60 dollars a month and rank of lieutenant-colonel. August f), 1776. Resolved, , . . That Lieutenant-Colonel Ruf us Putnam be ap- pointed an engineer, with the rank of colonel and pay of GO dollars a month. Auynst 12, 177G. — "The Congress have Hkewise l)eeii pleased to apijoint Rnfus Putnam, esqr., an engineer, and have given liiiii the rank of colonel of the Army." {Orders, General Headquarters, Nev' York.) Auyust U, 1776. Resolved, That Monsieur Weibert, now serving in the Continental Army at New York as an engineer, be appointed assistant engineer, with the rank and pa}" of lieutenant-colonel. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 487 September 3, 1776. Resolved., That Jeduthan Baldwin, esq., be appointed an engineer in the Continental Army, with the rank of colonel and pay of (j() dol- lars a month. Septemhet^ 19^ 1776. Resolved^ . . . That Monsieur Jean Louis Iml^ret, a gentleman well recommended as an engineer, be sent to General Washington to be employed in that capacity in order to show his abilities, and that one month's pay as a captain be advanced for his expenses. Octohcr 18, 1776. Resolved, That Thaddeus Kosciuszko l)e appointed an engineer in the service of the United States, with the pay of sixty dollars a month and the rank of colonel. AprH m, 1777. Resolved, That the Count de Vrecourt be appointed an engineer in the service of the United States, with the rank and pay of a colonel. 2[ay U, 1777. Resoh-ed . . . The Commander in Chief and the commander in any separate department shall be authorized to allow such quantities of forage, and for and during such times as they shall think proper, to the . . . chief engineer and his assistants; . . . Provided, always, that if any of the ofhcers above mentioned, their deputies or assistants, should be allowed forage in consequence of any general order hereafter given, and should nevertheless not keep any or so many horses as they would ])e permitted to draw forage for, in such case no forage shall be issued for more horses than they really have, nor shall they at any time thereafter be allowed any forage as Ijack allowance or any mone}' in lieu thereof. May m, 1777. Resolved, That Louis Fleury , engaged by our commissioners i n France, be sent as a captain of engineers to General Washington. Jnly 8, 1777. Resolved, That the treaty made by the commissioners in France on the 13th day of February last be confirmed as far as it respects the Chevalier du Portail, Mons. de la Radiere, and Mons. de Gouvion; the first to be a colonel, the second a lieutenant-colonel, and the third major of engineers. July £^, 1777. Resol V(d, That the Chevalier du Portail, colonel of engineers, take rank and command of all engineers heretofore appointed. 488 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OP GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. July '25, 1777. Resolved, . . . That General Washington be empowered to appoint Mr. Robert Er.skine, or an^- other person that he may think proper, geographer and surveyor of the roads, to take sketches of the country, the seat of war, and to have the procuring, governing, and pa3dng the guides employed under him; the General to fix the pa}^ of the said geographer, etc., and the allowance that shall be made to the guides. September 17, 1777. — Mr. Charles Tronson du Coudray, having been drowned in attempting to cross the Schuylkill, Congress ordered his interment at the expense of the United States. On August 11a committee of four — Messrs. Wilson, Duane, Hey- ward, and S. Adams — had been appointed to define the powers to be granted him, but his death stopped further action, and there is no record that the committee ever made a report. October 2, 1777.- — The treaty made by Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane at Paris, February 17, 1777, was ratified so far as relating to Mons. de Laumoy. m>vernher 17, 1777. JResolved, That the Chevalier du Portail Vje appointed to the rank of brigadier-general, Mons. do Laumoy and Mons. de la Radiere to that of colonel, and Mons. Gouvion to that of lieutenant-colonel in the Army of the United States, the said gentlemen to be employed, as heretofore, in the capacity of engineers. Novemher "2G, 1777. Mesolved, That Monsieur Fleury, in consideration of the disinter- ested gallantry which he has manifested in the service of the United States, be promoted lo the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Army. January 7, 177S. Resolved, That the Chevalier De Villefranche be appointed major in the Corps of Engineers, under the command of the Brigadier Du Portail. FJjruary 7i, 1778. Resolved, . . . The ... in the grand arm3^ with the Chief Engineer, . . . shall be a subordinate l)oard of ordnance, under the direction of the Commander in Chief or the board of war and ord- nance, for transacting all business of the Ordnance Department neces- sary to be done in the field, and to have the care of all ordnance and stores at camp. * * * Resolved, That Captain Ferdinand De Brahm, who has heretofore acted as an engineer in the State of South Carolina, ])c appointed an engineer in the Continental establishment, with the rank of major in the armies of the United States. April 16, 1778. Resolved, That a commission of captain be granted to Mr. Capitaine in the Corps of Engineers in the service of the United States of Amer- ica, and that he rank from the 1st of December, 1776. THE CORPS OF ENaiNEERS. 489 May 27, 1778. Resolved,, That in the Eng-incerinu- Dopartniont three companies be established, each to consist of — 1 captain 50 dollars i)ay per month. 3 lieutenants, each 3oJ do. do. 4 sergeants, each 10 do do. 4 corporals, each 9 do do. 60 privates, each cSj do. do. These companies to l)o instructed in the fabrication of lieldworks as far as relates to the manual and mechanical part. Their business shall be to instruct the fatigue parties to do their duty with celerity and exactness, to repair injuries done to the works by the enemy's fire, and to prosecute works in the face of it; the commissioned offi- cers to be skilled in the necessary branches of mathematics, the non- commissioned officers to write a good hand. June 9, 1778. — "Three captains and nine Ueutenants are wanted to officer the com- pany of sappers. As the corjis will be a school of engineering, it opens a prospect to such gentlemen as enter it, and -will pursue the necessary studies with diligence, of becoming engineers and rising to the imijortant employments attached to that pro- fession, such as the direction of fortified places, etc. The cjualifications required of the candidates are that they be natives, and have a knowledge of the mathematics and drawing, or, at least, be disposed to apply themselves to those studies. They will give in their names at headciuarters." {Orders, General Headquarters, Valley Forge. ) rlime 13, 1778. Resolved, That Mons. du Cambray Ix^ annexed to the Corps of Engineers, conmianded hy Ijrigadier Du Portail, with the rank and pay of a lieutenant-colonel. Sq)tend>er 18, 1778. Resolved, That IMons. Bechet de Eoche Fontaine be appointed a captain in the Corps of Engineers, and that his commission be dated the 15th day of May last. January i, 1779.^ Resolved, That Brigadier Du Portail and Messrs. de La Radiere, de Laumoy, and de Gouvion be retained in the service of the United States as engineers for another campaign, if agreeable to their inclination and permission can be obtained from His Most Christian Majesty or his minister plenipotentiary. Resolved, That the Board of War lie directed to confer with Mons. Gerard on the subject, and in case Brigadier Du Portail and the other engineers shall conclude to remain in the service of the United States that the board report to Congress a proper arrangement and appoint- ment for the Corps of Engineers. ' General Washington had expressed his opinion of the merit and abilities of Brig- adier-General Du Portail, as being well acquainted with the branch he professes, and a gentleman of real knowledge in military science in general; had also a very favor- able ojiinion of Messrs. de La Eadiere, de Laumoy, and de Gouvion, who had served with reputation as engineers in the Army of the United States; and had represented that, in his judgment, they would ])e necessary and useful in future operations. The P>oard of War was directed to confer with the French minister and, in case these ofliccrs concluded to remain in the service, to report to Congress a proper arrange- ment and appointment for the Corps of Engineers. 490 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Jan iKiry 7-7, 177D. Resolved., That Mons. John Barnard de Murnand be appointed a major in the Corps of Engineers, to take rank as such from the 1st day of March hist and to receive pav and subsistence from the 1: t day of Feljruary hist, the hitter l)eino- the time he was employed by Brigadier Du Portail and the former the time he was directed by the Commander in Chief to act as major. March 9, 1779. — "Captain Jeremiah Brewen is to superintend the artificers during the absence of Col. Baldwin." {Orders, General Headquarters, Middle-Brook.) 2fr!l .7, 1779. The Board of War report that the committee appointed at Yorktown to confer with Baron Steul)en, having promised to report that Mons. L'Enfant should have the conmiission of captain of engineers, and no report having been made on that subject, the Board are of the opinion: That Mons. L'Enfant be appointed a captain in the Corps of Engi- neers in the service of the United States, to hav^e rank from the 18th day of February, 177- to such authority, l)oard, minister, or office to whom it may l)elong- to supply the vacancy the respective names of the persons so removed. That he be authorized to suspend from office or employment for similar causes persons officially employed and entrusted as aforesaid immediately appointed by the United States in Congress assembled, reporting forthwith their names and the reason of suspension: Provicled that in all eases where any of the persons aforesaid are or may be amenable to the law martial the superintendent be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed, if he shall deem it most expedient for the public service, to put them in arrest by order in writing-, and to apply to the officer whose duty it may be to order a court-martial; and such officer is hereb}^ directed to order proceedings on the arrest accordingh" ; That in every case of suspension all pa}^ and emolument cease from the date thereof, unless the persons suspended be, upon trial, acquitted and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the place, when it may be necessary, by a temporary appointment, to con- tinue until the person suspended bo restored or dismissed; That the aforesaid powers shall not be construed to interfere with the rank, commission, or military duty of any officer in the line of the Army, or those who may be duly entrusted with money for secret serv- ice by Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the Army, or command- ing officer of a separate department; That the powers aforesaid be exercised during the pleasure of Con- gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war. 3£ay 4, 1781. Mesolvefl^ That Thomas Hutchins be appointed geographer to the southern army, with the same pay and emoluments as are allowed to the geographer to the main Army. June 19, 1781. — "Capt.-Lieut. Gilliland, of the corps of sappers and miners, is pro- moted to the rank of Cajit. in the same, vice Murray, resigned the 1st June, 1781, and Capt.-I^ieut. BushneH, of the same corps, is promoted to the rank of captain, vice Beebe, resigned 8th June, 1781." "Jonathan Lawrence, esq., heutenant in late INlalcohii's regiment, is appointed to the rank of captain in the corps of sappers and miners, his commission to bear date from the 12th June, 1781." {Orders, General Headquarters, Nevi Windsor.) Jidi/ L', 17S1. — "Peter Taulman, esq., heutenant in late Col. Spencer's regt., is ai)pointed captain-lieutenant in the corps of sappers and miners." [Orders, General Headquarters, Tarr[itoini. ) July 11, 1781. Resolved ., That the geographer to the main Arniy, and also the geographer to the southern army, be stiled ''•geographer of the United States of America," and commissioned and considered as such; and that they perform such services as the Commander in Chief and com- manding officer of the southern army ma}^ judge necessary to assign them, respectively. Juhj 25, 1781. — "Lieut. Kirkpatrick, late Colonel Spencer's regt., is appointed captain-lieutenant in the corps of sappers and miners." {Orders, General Ilead- (jiairters, near Dulili's Ferry. ) Xoremher 11, 1781. — Captain Jacob Schreiber, engineers (who had served in the capacity from INhirch 2, 1780), was permitted to return to ICurope as Congress, though conscious of his merit, had no means of employing him in the rank he requires. 49-4 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. NoveDibei' 16^ 1781. Resolved., That Brigadier-General du Portail,^ commanding officer of the Corps of Engineers, in consideration of his meritorious services, and particularly of his distinguished conduct in the siege of York, in the State of Virginia, be, and he is hereby, promoted to the rank of major-general. Resolved, That Lieutenant-Colonel Gouvion/ of the Corps of Engi- neers, receive the brevet of colonel. Resolved., That Captain Rochefontaine, of the Corps of Engineers, oceive the brevet of major. 2[arch 8, 1782. Resolved., That Captain James Elliott be, and he is herel)y, appointed an assistant geographer to the United States, and that his ])ay be two dollars and one ration per day, and that this allowance be considered in full for all claims that the said Captain James Elliott may have on the United States for half pay or any other emolument after the war, agreeably to his proposal. Aj^ril 2S, 178'2. Resolved, . . . That the supernumerary junior lieutenants, beyond the number of ten in each regiment of infantry, 1)0 reduced; . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the stati' departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respective ranks in the Army, and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence belong- ing to their rank in the line as a compensation for their respective services in the stafi', without any other allowance whatsoever. April 26, 17S:2. — Coloiiel Jeduthan Baldwin was considered as a supernumerary officer retiring from the service. . October 22, 1782. Resolved^ . . . That the following be the proi)orti()n of wagons and bathorses to the difl'erent ranks of officers: . Major-general and family, one covered four-horse wagon and one two-horse wagon. Brigadier-general and family, one covered four-horse wagon. Colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major, one covered four-horse wagon. -X- * ■'.': That there shall be allowed for saddle horses: To a major-general and family 7 rations Brigadier-general and family 5 do Colonel -" '> do Lieutenant-colonel . - '^ do Major 2 do Captain of engineers 1 do -;:- x- -x- Oetoher SO, 17S2. — Lieutenant-Colonel du Cambray was granted leave for twelve months to visit his family in France. ^ General du Portail and Col. Gouvion were granted leave of absence from the United States for six months. THE COlirS OF ENGINEERS. -495 November m, 1782. Resolved, That the geographer to the main army and the geographer to the southern department be each of them allowed 60 dollars per month, three rations per day, forage for two saddle horses, one two- horse covered wagon, Gild dollars per month for a servant, for whom they shall be entitled to draw one ration per dav and the clothing allowed to a private soldier. That the assistant geographer, if such officers shall be judged neces- sary by the Commander in Chief, be allowed 30 dollars per month, one ration per day, and forage for one saddle horse. February 26, 1783. — "Captain Bnshnell, being the senior officer, will have the com- mand of the corps of sappers and miners until further orders, and Captain Delezeume. of the Corps of Engineers, will report to headquarters immediately by what authority lie came to the garrison of West Point and assumed the command of the sappers and miners." {Orders, General Headquarters, Newburgh) . May '2, 1783. Resolved., That Lieutenant-Colonel Cambray, of the Corps of Engi- neers, be promoted to the rank of colonel b}^ brevet. That Major Villefranche, of the said corps, be promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel by brevet, and that Captain L'Enfant, of the said corps, be promoted to the rank of major by brevet. October 10, 1783.' Resolved, That Major-Gen eral duPortail, Brigadier-General Laumoy, and Colonel Gouvion,who have served with distinguished merit in the Department of Engineers, have leave to retire from the service of the United States. . . . October 31, 17S3.—T:\w Secretary at War reported that the Corps of Engineers, sappers and miners had accepted the commutation of five years' pay in lieu of half pay for life. February 6, 1784- Resolved, That a brevet connnission of lieutenant-colonel ))e issued to Major de Brahm, of the late Corps of Engineers, and that he be informed that his further services are dispensed with. January 25, 1785. — Congress referred to a committee a letter from Major L' Enfant enclosing a memorial on the necessity of establishing a Corps of Engineers, and a dis- sertation on the qualifications of an engineer. Jane 10, 1785. Resolved, That in settling the accounts of Mr. Thomas Hutchins, geographer to the United States, he be allowed four dollars and four rations a day from the time of his accepting his commission to the 3rd day of Novem])er, 1783, and that he be allowed four dollars a day from that period to the 20th day of May, 1785, deducting therefrom the time he was employed and paid by the State of Pennsylvania. June 30, 1786. — Congress authorized the settlement of Captain Elliott's accounts to October 20, 1783, and no longer, thus indicating the length of his service as assist- ant geographer. ' The Secretary at War was directed to express to the French minister the high sense Congress emertain of the zeal, ability, and conduct of these officers, and, Octo- ber Ki, the agent of marine was directed to provide them with a i)assage to France in the ship Washington. 496 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. STATUTES AT LARGE. February 23, 1795 (1-419). — This act established, in the Treasury Department, the office of purveyor of pubhc suppUes. His duties were to conduct the procurinij: and providing tf all military stores, etc. His compensation was fixed at $2,000 per annum, and letters to and from hini were to be conveyed free of postage. The office was abolished after May 31, 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812 (2-696). Act of March 3, 1790 {1 AStafs., 74D). AN ACT for the better organizing of the troops of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 17. That the President of the United States l)e authorized to engage and appoint, distinct from the officers of the corps of artiller- ists and engineers, two engineers, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and to stipulate and allow to them, respectively, such compensations as he shall find necessary and expedient. Sec. 18. That an inspector of fortifications shall be appointed, whose duties shall be assigned by the Secretary of War, under the direction of the President of the United States; that the compensation to ))e allowed to the said inspector, if selected from the corps of artillerists and engineers, in full for his extra services and travelling expenses, shall, besides his pay and emoluments in the corps, be thirty -five dol- lars per month; and if he shall not be an oflicer in the artiller}^ or Army, he shall, in full compensation for his services and expenses, be allowed the sum of seventy-five dollars monthly, and be entitled to the rank of major in the Army of the United States; and in case the said inspector shall be chosen from the corps of artillerists and engi- neers, or Army of the United States, his place therein shall be supplied by promotion, or a new appointment, or both, as may be requisite; but he shall nevertheless retain his station in the said corps or Army, and shall rank and rise therein in the same manner as if he had never been appointed in the said oflBce of inspector. Act of Marc] I 10, 180^3 (^ Stats., 13^. AN ACT fixing the military peace establishment of tlie United States. % * % Sec. 1. That the monthly pay of the officers . . . be as follows, to wit: ... to each major, fifty dollars; . . . ; to each cap- tain, forty dollars; to each first lieutenant, thirty dollars; to each second lieutenant, twent3'^-five dollars; . . Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive for their daily subsistence the following number of rations of provisions: ... A major, four rations; a captain, three rations; a lieutenant, two rations; ... or money in lieu thereof at the option of the said ofiicers ... at the posts, respectively, when the rations shall become due: and if at such posts supplies are not furnished by contract, then such allowance as shall be deemed equitable, having reference to former contracts and the position of the place in ques- tion; . . . and to every commissioned officer who shall keep one servant, not a soldier of the line, one additional ration. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 497 Sec. 26. That the President of the United States is hereby author- ized and empowered, when he shall deem it expedient, to organize and establish a corps of engineers, to consist of one engineer, with the pay, rank, and emoluments of a major; two assistant engineers, with the pay, rank, and emoluments of captains; two other assistant engineers, with the pa3% rank, and emoluments of second lieutenants; and ten cadets, with the pay of sixteen dollars per month and two rations per day; and the President of the United States is in like manner author- ized, when he shall deem it proper, to make such promotions in the said corps, with a view to particular merit, and without regard to rank, so as not to exceed one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, four captains, four first lieutenants, and four second lieutenants, and so that the number of the Avhole corps shall at no time exceed twent}^ officers and cadets. Sec. 27. That the said corps when so organized shall be stationed at Westpoint, in the State of New York, and shall constitute a mili- tar}^ acadeni}"; and the engineers, assistant engineers, and cadets of the said corps shall be subject, at all times, to do duty in such places and on such service as the President of the United States shall direct. Sec. 28. That the principal engineer, and in his absence the next in rank, shall have the superintendence of the said military academ}^ under the direction of the President of the United States; and the Secretary of War is hereby authorized, at the public expense, under such regulations as shall be directed by the President of the United States, to procure the necessary books, implements, and apparatus for the use and benefit of the said institution. Act of Fdynmrij 3S, 1803 (^ Stats., 206). AN ACT ill addition to ;ui act entitle armies of the United States. * * * Article 63. The functions of the engineers being generally confined to the most elevated branch of military service, they are not to assume S. Doc. 229 32 498 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. nor arc they subject to be ordered ou an}" duty bej^ond the line of thoi. immediate profession, except b}" the special order of the President of the United States; but they are to receive every mark of respect to which their rank in the Army may entitle them, respectively, and are liable to be transferred, at the discretion of the President, from one corps to another, reo-ard beino- paid to rank. -X- -X- -X- Act of April SO, 1812 {2 ,Sfafs., 720). AN ACT making further provision for the Corps of Engineers. That there be added to the Corps of Engineers two captains, two first lieutenants, two second lieutenants, with the usual pay and emolu- ments according to their grade, respectively, and one paymaster, to be taken from the subalterns of engineers, with the pay and emoluments of a regimental paymaster; and that there be attached to the said corps, either from the troops now in service or by new enlistments, as the President of the United States may direct, four sergeants, four corporals, one teacher of music, four musicians, nineteen artiticers, and sixty -two men, which noncommissioned officers, musicians, artiticers, and men, together with the artificers and men already belonging to the Corps of Engineers, shall l)e formed into a company, to be styled a company of bombardiers, sappers, and miners, and ])e officered from the Corps of Engineers, according as the commanding officer of that corps may, with the approbation of the President of the United States, direct; and the said noncommissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and men, shall be allowed the same pay tuid emoluments as are allowed to the noncommissioned officers, nmsicians, artificers, and men in the regiment of artillerists. Sec. 2. And he it furtJur enacted. That the Military Acadeni}" shall consist of the Corps of Engineers and the following professors, in addition to the teachers of the Fi'ench language and drawing already provided, viz: One professor of natural and experimental philosophy, with the pay and emoluments of lieutenant-colonel if not an officer of the corps, and if taken from the corps, then so much in addition to his pay and emoluments as shall equal those of a lieutenant-colonel; one professor of mathematics, with the pa}^ and emoluments of a major if not an officer of the corps, and if taken from the corps, then so much in addition to his pa}^ and emoUnnents as shall equal those of a major; one professor of the art of engineering in all its branches, with the pay and emoluments of a major if not an officer of the corps, and if taken from the corps, then so much in addition to his pay and emoluments as shall equal those of a major; each of the foregoing professors to have an assistant professor, which assistant professor shall betaken from the most prominent characters of the officers or cadets, and receiA'e the pay and emoluments of captains, and no other pay or emoluments, while performing these duties: Pivvlded, That nothing herein contained shall entitle the academical stall', as such, to an^^ com- mand in the Army separate from the Academy. -X- -X- -X- Sec. 6. That so nuicli of the twent3^-sixth section of the act entitled "An act fixing the military peace establishment," passed the 16th day of March, 1(S02, as confines the selection of the conunander of the Cor])s of Engineers to the said coi'ps be, and the same is herel^v, repealed. THE COEPS OF ENGINEEKS. 499 Act of Marrl> J, ISIJ^ i(2 Stats., SW). AN ACT fur the better organization of the general .staff of the Army of the United States. That [there shall be] eight topographical engineers, eight assistant topographical engineers, . * * -x- Sec. 3. That . . . the . . . topographical engineers shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry; and the assistant topographical engineers . . . shall have the brevet rank and the pay and emoluments of a captain of infantr}'. Sec. 4, That the . . . assistant topographical engineers shall be taken from the line. The . . . topographical engineers . . . mav be taken from the line, or not, as the President may deem expe- dient. . . ■X- * * Act of 3f arch 3, 1815 {S Stats., 224). AN ACT fixing the military peace establinhment of the United States. That . . . the Corps of Engineers, as at present established, be retained. Act of April 24., IS 16 {S Stats., 297). AN AC;T fur organizing tlie general staff, and making further provisions for the Army of the United States. That, in addition to the act providing for a military peace establish- ment, the provisions of the act of March the third, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, for the better organization of the general staff, be, and the same are hereby, so far established that the general stall' shall iu future consist of . . . three topographical engineers. . . . ResoliUion of April 29, 1816^ (3 Stats., SJfSS). RESOLUTION authorizing the President of the United States to empluy a skilful assistant in the Corps of Engineers. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to employ, in addition to the Corps of Engineers as now estaldished, a skilful assistant,^ whose compensation shall be such as the President of the United States shall think proper, not exceeding the allowance to the chief officer of that corps. ^ The superintendent general of military supplies authorized to be appointed under this act was not a staff officer, but a civilian with a salary of $3,000 per annum. His duties were to keep proper accounts of all military stores and supplies of every description purchased for the Army, tlie volunteers, and the militia, and to pre- scribe forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies, etc. ' Repealed l)y resolution No. 8, July 14, 1832. (4-607.) •'Ceni'ral Simon Bernard was born at Dole, France, April 28, 1779, and after irraduatiim from the Polvtechnic School entered the army. He was appointed aid- de-camp to the Emperor iu 1813; was successively made general of brigade and gen- 500 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Resolation of April W, 1818 {3 Stats., J^76). RESOLUTION directing the completion of the survey of the waters of the Chesa- peake Bay, and for other purposes. That ... to the naval officers employed in this service officers of the Corps of Engineers be joined, with instructions to prepare plans of the fortifications necessary to be erected for the defense of such arsenals [naval] with an estimate of the expense of erecting the same. . . . Act of March ^, 1821 (3 Stats., 615). AN ACT to reduce :uid fix tlie mihtary peace establishment of the United States. -X- * * Sec 3. That the Corps of Engineers (bombardiers excepted) and the topographical engineers and their assistants shall be retained in service as at present organized. * . * * Act (f March 3, 189.3 {3 Stats., 788). AN ACT to estal)lish a national armory on the western waters. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to emplo}^ a skillful engineer, . . . with such other person or persons as he may judge proper, to examine the most suitable site for a national armory on the western waters; and that the said engineer and such other person or persons be requested to report the result of their examination to Congress at the commencement of its next ses- sion, particularly designating the sites by them examined, with the comparative advantages of each, and an estimate showing the amount necessary for purchasing each, and erecting all necessary buildings thereon. * * * Act of April 30, 1824. (4- Stats., 22). AN ACT to ])rocure the necessary surveys, plans, and estimates upon the subject of roads and canals. * -x- * Sec. 2. That to carry into effect the objects of this act, the Presi- dent be, and he is hereb}^, authorized to emplo}^ two or more skillful eral of division, ending his military career at Waterloo in 1815. Refusmg the brilliant offers of several sovereigns of Europe, he obtained permission from Louis XVIII to come to the United States, and November 16, 1816, was commissioned "Assistant in the Corps of Engineers of the United States" with the rank of briga- dier-general by brevet, and the compensation that "is or may be allowed to the chief of thatcorjis." He devised a system of canals and roads for connecting the Great Lakes and navigable rivers and a scheme for the defense of the coast, constructing Fortress Monroe, some of the defenses of New York, and other works. Resigning August 10, 1831, he returned to France and was intrusted by Louis Philippe with the preparation of plans for the fortifications of Paris. He was strongly in favor of a system of detached forts, which was afterwards carried out. In 1834 he was for a short time minister of war and, ad interim, minister of foreign affairs. In LS36 he was made minister of war for a second time and held that office for three years. He (.lied in Paris November 5, 1839. THE CORPS OF ENOINEERS, 501 civil engineers, and such officers of the Corps of Engineers, or who may be detailed to do dutj' with that corps, as he may think proper. . May IS, 1826 {4-173). — In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of \ hich may relate to the business of his office shall be free of postage. Act Of July .5, 1838 {5 Stats., 256). AN ACT to increase the present military establishment of the TTnited States, and for other purposes. -X- * * Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to add to the Corps of Engineers, whenever he ma}" deem it expedient to increase the same, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, six captains, six first and six second lieutenants; and that the pay and emoluments of the said corps shall be the same as those allowed to the officers of the regiment of dragoons. Sec. 3. That so much of the act passed the twenty-ninth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, entitled "An act mak- ing further provision for the Corps of Engineers," as provides that one paymaster shall be taken from the subalterns of the Corps of Engineers, lie, and the same is hereb}^, repealed; and that the pay- master so authorized and provided be attached to the Pay Department, and be in every respect placed on the footing of other paymasters of the Army. Sec. -J:. That the Corps of Topographical Engineers shall be organ- ized and increased by regular promotions in the same, so that the said corps shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant- colonel, four majors, ten captains, ten tirst lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants. Sec, 5. That vacancies created by said organization, over and above those which can be tilled by the present corps, shall be taken from the Arm}', and from such as it may be deemed advisable of the civil engi- neers employed under the act of the thirtieth of April, eighteen hun- dred and twent3"-four; that the pay and emoluments of the officers of said corps shall be the same as are allowed to officers of similar rank in the regiments of dragoons. Sec. 6. That the authority to employ civil engineers, in the act of the thirtieth of April, eighteen hundred and twenty-four, be, and the same is hereliy, repealed after the passage of this act. * * * Sec. 21. That all letters and packages on public business to and from the . . . head of the topographical corps shall be free from postage. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 503 Sec. 27. That it .shall be the duty of the engineer superintending the consti'uction of a fortification, or engaged about the execution of any other public work, to disburse the moneys applicable to the same; and, as a compensation therefor, may be allowed by the Secretary of War at the rate of two dollars per diem during the continuance of such disbursements: Provided^ That the whole amount of emoluments shall not exceed one per cent on the sum disbursed. Ad of July 7, 18S8 {5 Stats., 308). AN ACT pupplementar}' to an act entitled "An act to increase the present military establishment of the United States, and for other purposes," approved July fifth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight. That the act to which this is a supplement shall l)e, and the same hereb}^ is, explained, limited, and modilied as follows: -X- * * Sixth. That no compensation shall be allowed to officers of the Engineer Department for disbursement of public money while supei in- tending public works. Act of March 3, 181^3 {5 Stats., 630). AN ACT making appropriations for the civil and diplomatic expenses of the Gov- ernment for the fiscal year ending the thirtieth day of June, eighteen hundred and fortv-four. * * * For survey of the coast of the United States . . . : Provided, That this, and all other appropriations hereafter to be made for this work shall, until otherwise provided by law, be expended in accordance with a plan of reorganizing the mode of executing the survey, to be submitted to the President of the United States h\ a board of officers which shall be organized by him, to consist of . . . four from among the principal officers of the Corps of Topographical Engineers; none of whom shall receive any additional compensation whatever for this service; and who shall sit as soon as organized . . . and the plan of said board shall cause to be employed as many officers of the Army ... of the United States as will be compatible with the successful prosecution of the work; . . . the officers of the Army on the topographical parts of the work; and no officer of the Army . . . shall hereafter receive any extra pay out of this or any future appropriations for surve3"s. Act of May 16, 18J^6 (f) Stats., 13). AN ACT for the organization of a company of sappers, miners, and pontoniers. That there be added to the Corps of Engineers one company of sap- pers, miners, and pontoniers, to be called engineer soldiers; which company shall bo composed of ten sergeants or master workmen, ten corporals or overseers, two musicians, thirty-nine privates of the first class, or artificers, and thirty-nine privates of the second class, or laborers; in all one hundred men. 50J: LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 2. That the pay and i-ations of the sergeants, or master work- men, of said company" shall be the same as those now allowed by law to the master workmen employed by the Ordnance Department, except- ing that the engineer sergeants shall receive one ration onl}^ per day instead of one ration and a half ; of the corporals, or overseers, the same as those now allowed by law to the armorers, carriage makers, and blacksmiths employed by the Ordnance Department, excepting that the engineer corporals shall receive one ration only per day instead of one ration and a half; of the privates of the first class, or artificers, the same as those now allowed l)y law to the artificers employed by the Ordnance Department; of the privates of the second class, or laborers, the same as now allowed by law to the laborers employed by the Ord- nance Department; and of the musicians, the same as those allowed by law to the musicians of the line of the Army; the said noncommissioned officers, privates, and musicians being respectivelv entitled to the same clothing and other allowances as are granted by law to noncommis- sioned officers, privates, and musicians of the artillery in the Army of the United States. Sec. 8. That the said engineer company shall l)e su))ject to the Rules and Articles of War, shall be recruited in the same manner and with the same limitation, and shall be entitled to the same provisions, allow- ances, and benefits in every respect as are allowed to the other troops constituting the present military peace establishment. Sec. 4. That the said engineer company shall be attached to and compose a part of the Corps of Engineers and be officered by officers of that corps as at present organized; they shall be instructed in and perform all the duties of sappers, miners, and pontoniers, and shall aid in giving practical instructions in these branches at the Military Academy; they shall, moreover, under the orders of the Chief Engi- neer, be liable to serve, by detachments, in overseeing and aiding laborers upon fortifications or other works under the Engineer Depart- ment and in supervising finished fortifications as fort keepers, prevent- ing injury, and applying repairs. Sec. 5. That the Chief Engineer, with the approbation of the Secre- tary of War, be authorized to regulate and determine the number, quality, form, dimensions, etc., of the necessary vehicles, pontons, tools, implements, arms, and other supplies for the use and service of said company as a body of sappers, miners, and pontoniers. * * * March 3, 1847 [9-175). — The works at Gary's Fort Reef, Florida, near Wango- shance, Mich.; Minot's Rock, Massachusetts; Whale's Back, New Hampshire; Fair- weatlier Island, near Black Rock, Connecticut; and Brandywine Shoals in the Dela- ware River, Pennsylvania, to be executed under the superintendence of the Topo- graphical Bureau. Jtihj 10, 1848 [9-246). — Provisions of pension laws construed to apply to enlisted men in the several corps of the Army. Act of March 3, 1849 {9 Stats., S70). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty. Sec. 3. That any noncommissioned officer, musician, or private, in the company of sappers and miners and pontoniers, raised by the act THE CORPS OF EISTGHSTEERS. 505 of May ninth, eighteen hundred and forty -eight, who served in said conipan}' in the war with Mexico, shall, on application, be entitled to receive an honorable discharge from the service of the United States, and stand as if they had served out their respective terms. March 3, 1849 {9-380). — AVhen expenditure is to be made under direction of Bureau of Topographical Engineers, necessary preliminary surveys to determine site of pro- posed light-house or liglit-boat shall be made by officers of the corps possessing requi- site skill and experience, who shall make report of the result of their examinations. Septemher 28, 1850 {9-504). — Moneys received from the sale of military stores and other supplies exempted from operation of act of INIarch 3, 1849, requiring certain moneys to be paid into the Treasury without alxitement or reduction. March 3, 1851 {9-627). — Colonel of Corps of Topographical Engineers charged with making preliminary surveys to determine sites of proposed light-houses, light-boats, beacons, and bouys on the northwestern lakes; two engineer officers to form part of of a board to inquire into condition of the Light-House Establishment; details of engi- neer officers may be made to superintend construction and renovation of light-houses. August SO, 1852 {10-56). — A board of topographical and civil engineers to be appointed by the Secretary of War to report upon expediency of an additional canal around the Falls of the Ohio River and comparative cost, advantages, and disadvan- tages of enlarging and extending the present canal so as to avoid the rocks at Sandy Island. August 31, 1852 {10-76).- — If the superintendence of constructing the custom-house at New Orleans be confided to an officer of the topographical engineers, he shall be allowed a compensation not exceeding $5 per day. Act of August 31, 1852 {10 Stats., im). AN ACT making appropriations for light-houses, light-boats, buoys, etc. , and provid- ing for the erection and establishment of the same, and for other purposes. * * % Sec. 8. That the President be, and he is herebj^, authorized and required to appoint, immediately after the passage of this act, . one officer of the Corps of Engineers of the Army, one officer of the Corps of Topographical Engineers of the Army, . . . and . , . an officer of engineers of the Army, as secretaries, who shall consti- tute the Light-House Board of the United States. * * * Sec. 12. [The Light-House Board to arrange the Atlantic, Gulf, Pacific, and lake coasts into twelve districts]; and the President is hereby authorized and required to direct that an officer of the Army . may be assigned to each district as a light-house inspector, subject to and under orders of the Light-House Board, who shall receive for such service the same pa}^ and emoluments that he would be entitled to by law for the performance of duty in the regular line of his pro- fession, and no other, except the legal allowance per mile when trav- elling under orders connected with his duties. =k * -x- August 31, 1852 {10-112). — Plan for the erection of a light-house on the outer Minot Ledge, Boston Harbor, to be approved l)y the Topographical Bureau; a first- class liglit-house near Coffins Patches, off Dry Bank, Fla., to be constructed under the direction of the Topographical Bureau; two range beacon lights for Gedneys Channel, New Jersey, and two on Staten Ishmd, New York Harbor, to be constructed under the direction of the Topographical Bureau; plans, drawings, etc., of all illumi- nating and other apparatus of construction and repair of towers, buildings, etc., connected with tiie Light-House Establishment, to be prepared b}^ the engineer sec- retary of the board, or such officer of engineers as may be detailed for that service; no additional salary allowed to any military officer employed on the Light-House Board. 50G LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 3, 1853 {10 Stats., ^U). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four. Sec. 9. That whenever any lieutenant of the Corps of Engineers, Corps of Topographical Engineers, . . shall have served fourteen years' continuous service as lieutenant, he shall be promoted to the rank of captain: Provided, That the whole number of officers in either of the said corps shall not ho, increased beyond the number now fixed l)y law: And pi-o elded fartlter. That no officer shall be pro- moted before those who rank him in his corps. Sec. 10. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, author- ized, under the direction of the President of the United States, to emplo}^ such portion of the corps of topographical engineers . to make such explorations and surve3's as he may deem advisable, to ascertain the most i^racticable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. . . . Sec. 11. That the engineers . . . employed in said explorations and surveys shall be organized in as many district corps as there are routes to be surveyed, and their several reports shall be laid before Congress on or before the first Monday in February, eighteen hundred and fifty-four. March 3, 1S5S {10-240). — Places for two light-houses on the Saint Clair Flats, Michigan, to be selected and the work executed under the direction of the Topo- graphical Bureau. MarcJio, 1S57 {11-34S). — Secretary of War authorized to employ such officers of the Army as may be necessary for the exploration and verification of surveys already made of a ship canal near the Isthmus of Darien. Act of Alarcli o\ 1S59 {11 Stats., 4,35). AN ACT to provide for the care and preservation of the works constructed by the United States for bringing the Potomac waters into the cities of Washington and Georgetown, for the supj^ly of said water for all governmental purposes, and for the uses and benefits of the inhabitants of said cities. That the dams, aqueducts, water gates, reservoirs, and all fixtures and improvements connected therewith . . . shall be placed by the President of the United States under the immediate care, manage- ment, and superintendence of a properly (lualified officer of the United States Corps of Engineers to be appointed ])y him, who shall act under the Department of the Interior; . . . and such officer as a compensation for the duties and responsibilities imposed upon him by this act, shall receive, for his pay as said engineer, no more than his regular pay as an officer of the corps. He shall occupy the necessary apartments in one of the public buildings in the city of Washington as may be directed b}" the President, and shall be supplied by the Gov- ernment with the stationery, instruments, books, and furniture required in the performance of his public duties. . . . THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 507 Act of June 23, 1860 {12 Stats., 91). AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of Crovernnient for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. * * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the pul)lic exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of articles, or performance of the service, shall be made b}^ advertising-, a sufficient time previously, for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required l)y the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles arc usually bought and sold, or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be authorized by law, or be under an appropriation adequate to its fulfill- ment, except in the War and Navy Departments, for clothing, subsist- ence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. No arms, nor military supplies whatever, which are of a patented invention, shall be pur- chased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention, unless the same shall be authorized by law, and the appropriation therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such patented invention. Act of June "25, 1860 {12 Stats., lOli). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. For the completion of the Washington Aqueduct . . . accord- i'Ug to the plans and estimates of Captain Meigs, and under his super- intendence: Pi'ovlded, That the office of engineer of the Potomac waterworks is hereby abolished, and its duties shall hereafter ])e dis- charged by the chief engineer of the Washington Aqueduct. Act of Februanj 21, 1861 {12 Stats., 11^7). AN A( 'T making a]>])ropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making ap[)ropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the (lovcrnment for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixt3'-one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun- dred and sixt}', be, and the same is hereby, repealed, except so far as the said section prohil)its the purchase of patented firearms, as to which the said section shall still be in force. 508 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March ?., 186 1 {1'2 Stats., 21Jt). AN ACT making apijropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services, in any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal services, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of the article or articles, or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may be procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles arc usually bought and sold, or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made, unless the same be authorized hj law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fullillment, except in the War Departments, for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. And the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty- third] of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Act of August 3, 1861 {12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the l)etter organization of the mihtary establishment. Sec. 8. That there shall be added to each of the Corps of P^ngineers and Topographical Engineers three first and three second lieutenants, to be promoted thereto in accordance with the existing laws and regulations. Sec. tt. That there shall be added to the Corps of Engineers three companies of engineer soldiers, to be commanded b}' appropriate offi- cers of said corps, to have the same pay and rations, clothing, and other allowances, and be entitled to the same benefits, in every respect, as the company created by the act for the organization of a company of sappers and miners and pontoniers, approved May sixteen [fifteenth], eighteen hundred and forty-six. The said three companies shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War; shall l)e recruited in the same manner and with the same limitation, shall be instructed in and perform the same duties, and be liable to serve in the same way, and shall have their vehicles, pontons, tools, implements, arms, and other supplies regulated in the same manner as the existing engineer com- pany; and each of the four companies of engineer soldiers shall here- after be composed of ten sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, sixty-four privates of the first class, or artificers, and sixty-four pri- vates of the second class; in all, one hundred and fifty men each. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 509 Act of August 6', 1S61 {12 Stats., 317). AN ACT to promote tlie efficiency of tlie Engineer and Topographical Engineer Corps, and for otfier purposes. That there shall 1)e added to each of the Corps of Engineers and Topographical Engineers, by regular promotion of their present offi- cers, two lieutenant-colonels and four majors. Sec. 2. That there shall be added to the Corps of Topographical Engineers one company of soldiers, to be commanded by appropriate officers of said corps, to have the same pay and rations, clothing, and other allowances, and to be entitled to the same benefits in every respect as the company created by the act for the organization of a company of sappers and miners and pontoniers, approved May six- teenth [fifteenth], eighteen hundred and forty-six. The said company shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War, and shall have the same organization as the companies of engineer soldiers attached to the Corps of Engineers. * * -)5- Junes, 1862 {12-411). — Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. June 18, 1862 {12-620). — Supervision of the Potomac waterworks transferred from the War Department to the Department of the Interior. Act of March 3, 1863 {12 Stats., 710). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance Department, and for other purposes. That the Corps of Topographical Engineers, as a distinct branch of the Army, is hereby abolished, and from and after the passage of this act is merged into the Corps of Engineers, which shall have the follow- ing organization, viz: One Chief Engineer, with the rank, pay, and emoliunents of a brigadier-general; four colonels; ten lieutenant- c'olonels; twenty majors; thirty captains; thirty first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants. Sec. 2. That the general officer provided by the first section of this act shall be selected from the Corps of Engineers as therein established, and that officers of all lower grades shall take rank according to their respective dates of conmiission in the existing Corps of Engineers or Corps of Topof-raphical Engineers. Sec. 3. That no officer of the Corps of Engineers below the rank of a field officer shall hereafter be promoted to a higher grade before having passed a satisfactory examination before a board of three engi- neers senior to him in rank; and should the officer fail at said exami- nation he shall l)e suspended from promotion for one year, when he shall be reexamined, and, upon a second failure, shall be dropped by the l*resident from the Army. * * * Sec. 12. That the increase of rank of officers, and in the number of officers provided for in this act, shall continue only during the exist- ence of the present rebellion; and thereafter the several officers pro- moted under this act shall have the respective rank they would have 510 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. had if this act had not passed, and the number shall l)c reduced by the President to the number authorized by law prior to the passage of this act. May 5, 1864 {13-68). — Commissioner of public huildino's to pay to the corpora- tion of Washington City the just proportion of the cost of inijiroving streetn, ave- nues, or alleys pas^sing through or by any of the property of the United States. Act of July 13, 1S66 {II,. Stats., 00). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and for other purposes. Sec. 6. That the Superintendent of the United States Military Academy may hereafter be selected, and the officers on duty at that JnJy 28, 1866 (14-310). — Contract for care of transient paupers, medical and surgi- cal patients, to be made by the commissioner of public buildings. Act of July 2S, 1866 {IJf Stats., 332). AN ACT to int;rease and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 19. That the Corps of Engineers shall consist of one chief of engineers, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; six colonels, twelve lieutenant-colonels, twenty-four majors, thirty captains, and twenty-six first and ten second lieutenants, who shall have the pay and emoluments now provided by law for officers of the Engineer Corps. Sec. 20. That the five companies of engineer soldiers and the sergeant-major and quartermaster-sergeant heretofore prescribed by law shall constitute a battalion of engineers, to be officered b}' officers of suitable rank detailed from the Corps of Engineers; and the officers of engineers, acting respectively as adjutant and quartermaster of this battalion, shall be entitled to the pay and emoluments of adjutants and quartermasters of ca\'alr3'. * * * Sec. 23. That the . . . Chief of Engineers . . . shall hereafter be appointed })y selection from the corps to which they belong. . Act (jfFehrtiary 12, 1867 [U Stats., 393). AN ACT to fix the pay of the quartermaster-sergeant of the Battalion of Engineers. That from and after the passage of this act the pay and allowances of the quartermaster-sergeant of the Battalion of Engineers of the Army of the United States shall be the same as those allowed by law to the sergeant-major of the battalion. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 511 Act of March 2, 18G7 {U Stafs.,4J57). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That the office of commissioner of public buildings is hereby abolished, and the Chief Engineer of the Arui}^ shall perform all the duties now required by law of said commissioner/ and shall also have the superintendence of the Washington Aqueduct and all the public works and improvements of the Government of the United States in the District of Columbia, unless otherwise provided by law. . . * * * March S, 1867 {14-4S7). — Section 3 authorizes a board of six officers (three from the Army) to determine by practical tests what increased strength or variation of form is necessary to enable our best stone forts to resist the heaviest guns. March 2, 1867 [14-571). — Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such joersons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. July 7, 1868 {15-256). — A competent and impartial engineer officer, with two naval officers, to carefully examine Boston Harbor relative to the erection of a bridge over the water between mainland in Boston and East Boston. Juhj 25, 1868 {13-171). — Chief Engineer of the Army to reimburse to the corpora- tion of the city of Washington for expenses incurred in improving the property of the General Government in said city; approi:)riations hereafter made for this purpose to be expended under his direction. Act of March 3, 1869 {15 Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. * * -x- Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions ... in the Engineer Depart- ment. * * * July 11, 1870 {16-223). — Three engineer officers to be detailed to examine all bridges erected, or in process of erection, across the Ohio River and report if navigation is obstructed thereby. MarcJi 5, 1872 {17-36). — Chief of Engineers and engineer in charge of public Iniild- ings and grounds to be members of a board to examine condition of harbors and landings along entire water front of Washington and Georgetown. May 8, 1872 {17-(U). — Chief of Engineers and engineer in charge of public build- ings, etc., to be members of a board to report jilan for removing locomotive railroad track in front of the western entrance of the Caj)itol. May 15, 1872 {17-116). — This act establishes rates of i)ay of enlisted men of the corps from and after July 1, 1872. (See sec. 1280, R. S. ) Act of June 10, 1872 {17 Stats., 382). AN ACT to repeal so much of section six of an act entitled "An act making appro- priations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundri'd and seventy, and for other jiurposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as prohibits promotions in the Engineer Department of the Army. That so much of section six of an act entitled "An act making appro- priations for the support of the Arnn^ for the year ending June thir- ^The act of March 2, 1867 (14-434), directed the commissioner of public buildings to furnish proper offices for the Department of Education. 512 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. tieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as prohibits promotions and new appointments in the P]ngineer Department be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided^ That nothing herein contained shall authorize promotion in said department above the grade of colonel. December 17, 1872 (-Z7--?55) .—Three experienced officers of engineers to be detailed to examine and report upon proposed construction of bridges across the Ohio River. February 1, 1873 {17-422). — Engineer soldiers placed upon same footing as regards extra-duty pay as other enlisted men. March 3, 1873 {17-485). — Certain electrical apparatus in the Capitol subject to con- trol and supervision of the Architect of the Capitol and the commissioner of public buildings and grounds. Marcli 3, 1873 {17-510). — Improvements and care of public grounds to be under the direction of the Chief of Engineers. March 3, 1873 {17-530). — Officer in charge of public buildings and grounds to have rank, pay, etc., of a colonel. March 3, 1873 {17-560). — One or more engineers to be detailed to inquire into and report upon practicability of bridging the channel between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. Act of June W, 187 U {18 ^tive no other pay or compensation than is now allowed them by law, . . . and the commissioners appointed under this act shall remain in office subject to removal by the President of the United States. Sec. 3. . . . The Secretarj- of War shall, when requested by said commission, detail from the Engineer Corps of the Arm}^ such officers and men as may be necessary, . ■X- * * Sec. 6. The Secretary of War may detail from the Engineer Corps of the Army of the United States an officer to act as secretar}^ of said commisssion. * * * Act of June SO, 1879 {21 Stats., 1^5). AN ACT providing for tilling vacancies in the otfice of Chief of Engineers, United States Army. That so much of the act of June tenth, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, chapter four hundred and twenty -six, volume seventeen, page three hundred and eighty-two, Statutes at Large, as prohibits promotion in the Corps of Engineers above the rank of colonel, and all other acts prohibiting said prouiotion, be, and the same are hereby, repealed. June, 14, 1S80 {71-lSO). — A lioard of engineers to be convened to determine npon a i)lan for constructing an ice harbor at St. Louis; an officer of engineers to prepare a plan for the improvement of the harbor at Kewaunee, Wis. March 3, 1881 {21-468). — One engineer officer to be detailed as member of a board to examine all inventions of heavy ordnance, and improvements of heavy ordnance, and projectiles that may be presented to them. July 1, 1882 {22-135). — Operations of the water department of the District of Co- lumbia to be under direction of the Engineer Commissioner. August 2, 1882 {22-191) . — A board of officers of engineers to examine the Calumet River, 111., with a view to its improvement; skillful engineers to survej' the Illinois and Michigan Canal for purpose of enlarging the same; no surveys to be made of rivers and liarbors until the Chief of Engineers has reported that the work of im- provement is a public necessity. Act of March S, 1883 {22 Stats., 531). AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes. -X- * * STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPARTMENT BUILDING. The President is hereby authorized and directed to designate from the P^ngineer Corps of the Army or the Navy an officer well qualitied for the purpose, who shall be detailed to act as superintendent of the completed portions of the State, War. and Navy Department building, under the direction of the Secretaries of State, War, and Navy, . . . 520 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of July 5, 188 J^ {23 Stats. ^ 133). AN ACT making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes. * * * That a commission to be called the Missouri River Commission is hereby created, to consist of live members. That the President shall nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint five commissioners, three of whom shall be selected from the Corps of Engineers of the Army . . . ; and he shall in like manner fill any vacancy in said commission; and he shall designate one of the commissioners appointed from the Corps of Engineers to be president of the commission. The commissioners appointed from the Corps of Engineers shall receive no other pay or compensation than is allowed them by law . . . ; and all said com- missioners shall remain in ofiice subject to removal l)v the President of the United States. That . . . the Secretary of War is hereby authorized and directed ... to detail from the Corps of Engineers such oflicers and men a-i ma}^ be necessar}^ That . . . the Secretar}^ of War may detail from the Corps of Engineers ... an oflicer to act as secretary of the commission, Act of March 3,1885 {23 Stats., ^3J^). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defence, and for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-six, and for other purposes. * * * And the President of the United States shall appoint a board, of which the Secretary of War shall be a member and president, to be composed of two officers of the Engineer Corps, . . . which board shall examine and report at what ports fortifications or other defences are most urgently required, the character and kind of defences best adapted for each, with reference to armament, the utilization of tor- pedoes, mines, or other defensive appliances, . For the purchase of movable submarine torpedoes propelled and controlled by power operated and transmitted from shore stations as may be recommended by the Board of Engineers of the Arm}^ of the United States and approved by the Secretary of War, . . . * -x- * July ^0, 1886 {^4-147) . — One or more engineer officers to supervise construction of a bridge across the west channel of the Detroit River at Detroit. Act of August 5, 1886 {24, Stats., 310). AN ACT making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes. * * * The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to appoint a board of three engineers from the United States Army, whose duty it shall be to examine, in all their relations to commerce, the Sturgeon Bay THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 521 and Lake Michigan Ship Canal, connecting- the waters of Green Bay with Lake Michigan, in the State of Wisconsin, with a view to making the same a free passagewa^^ and harbor of refuge, to consider their value, and all other matters connected with their usefulness to naviga- tion, and which shall give information as to the expediency of the work and the desirability of their acquisition and improvement. The said board shall report to the Secretary of War, who shall lay its report before Congress at its next session, together with the views of himself and the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army thereon; . . . * * * The Secretary of War is hereby authorized and directed to ascertain the value and commercial importance of the works and property of the Green and Barren River Navigation Company, situated in the Green and Barren rivers, in the State of Kentucky, and of the Monongahela Navigation Company, situated on the Monongahela River, in the State of Pennsylvania; and in order to acquire such information the Secre- tary of War shall appoint a board of three competent engineers from the Engineer Corps of the United States Army, which board shall in each case report to the Secretary of War . ■;5- * * The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to appoint a board of three engineers from the United States Army, whose duty it shall be to examine, in all their relations to commerce, the two improved waterways known as the Portage Lake and River Improvement Com- pany Canal and the Lake Superior Ship Canal Railway and Iron Company Canal, l)eing the improved harbors of refuge and the water connnunication across Keweenaw Point from Keweenaw Bay to Lake Superior, by w^ay of Portage River and Lake, in the State of Michi- gan, with a view to making the same a free passageway and harbor of refuge, to consider their value, and all other matters connected with their usefulness to navigation, and which shall give information as to the expediency of the work and the desirabilit}" of their acquisition and improvement. The said board shall report to the Secretary of War, who shall lav its report liefore Congress at its next session, together with the views of himself and the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army thereon; . . . ' * * * The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to appoint a board of three engineers from the United States Army, whose duty it shall be to examine, in all their relations to commerce, the Illinois and Michigan Canal and the proposed Hennepin Canal, to consider their v^alue, and all other matters connected with their usefulness to naviga- tion, and shall report upon the acquisition and improvement of the Illinois and Michigan Canal and the construction of the Hennepin Canal. The said board shall report to the Secretary of War, who shall lay its report before Congress at its next session, together with the views of himself and the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army thereon; * * * Sec. 7. . . . Provided^ That no survey shall be made of any harbors or rivers until the Chief of Engineers shall have directed a preliminary examination of the same by the local engineer in charge of the district, or an engineer detailed for the purpose; and such local 522 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. or detailed engineer shall report to said Chief of Engineers whether, in his opinion, said harbor or river is worthy of improvement, and shall state in such report fully and particularly the facts and reasons on which he bases such opinion, including the present and prospective demands of commerce; and it shall l)e the duty of the Chief of Engi neers to direct the making of such survey if in his opinion, the harbor or river proposed to be surveyed be worthy of improvement by the General Government; and he shall report to the Secretary of War the facts and what public necessity or convenience may be subserved thereby, together with the full reports of the local engineer. . . . * * * March 3, 1887 {^4-472). — Board of engineer officers to examine map and drawings for bridge across the Great Kanawha River in West Virginia. Resolution of March 5, 1888 {^5 Stats., 618). JOINT RESOLUTION anthorizijig the Secretary of War to appoint a board of three engineers to examine and report in relation to the Delaware River between the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Camden, New Jersey, and for other pur- poses. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized to immediately appoint a board of three engineers from the United States Arm}^ whose duty is shall be to examine, in all their relations to com- merce, the islands known as Smiths Island, Windmill Island, and Pettys Island, in the Delaware River, between the city of Philadelphia, in the State of Penrsylvania, and the city of Camden, in the State of New Jersey, which board shall forthwith report to the Secretary of War as to whether said islands, or any shoal in the said river between or adjacent to the said islands or any of them, constitute an obstruction to the commerce of the Delaware River or to the passage of vessels between the said States, and with a view to removing said islands and shoals to report a plan, with the estimate of cost for their removal, in whole or in part, and for the improvement of the harbor of the port of Philadelphia, including the probable cost to the Government of said islands, so as to secure free and uninterrupted commerce upon the said Delaware River, and the unobstructed passage of vessels to and from and between the said States; ... May 24, 1888 {S.5-155). — This resolution authorizes the detail of an officer of the Engineer Corps, in cooperation with the ilaumee Valley Monumental Association, to examine and inspect the enumerated historic grounds, location, and military works. Survey and full report to be made to Congress. June 19, 1888 (£5-195). — Three engineer officers to examine location of proposed bridge across the Mississippi River at Hickman, Ky. August 11, 1888 (25-400). — Board of three engineers to examine plans for improve- ment of Winyard Bay, South Carolina, and harbor of St. Augustine, Fla., and har- bor at Key West, Fla. . and to examine obstructions to navigation at certain points in the Columbia River; Chief of P^ngineers to direct preliminary surveys of rivers and harbors if deemed by hii worthy of improvement. Act of September 22, 1888 {26 Stats., JtS7). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and for other purposes. That the appropriations hereinafter provided for shall be available until expended, and shall be expended under the direct supervision of TSE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 523 a board to consist of . . , an officer of engineers, ... to be selected by the Secretary of War, to be called and known as the Board of Ordnance and Fortilication ; , . . Act of October ^, 1888 {25 Stats., 505). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes. BUILDING FOR THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. This appropriation and all appropriations hereafter made, and all Slims available from appropriations heretofore made for this purpose, shall be expended under the direction and supervision of the Chief of Engineers of the Army, who shall have the control and management of all of said work and the employment of all persons connected there- with. And all contracts for the construction of said building, or any part thereof, shall be made by the Chief of Engineers of the Army; . and the duties of said commission under said act are hereb}'^ devolved upon the Chief of Engineers of the Army, who shall annually report to Congress, at the commencement of each session, a detailed statement of all the proceedings under the provisions of this act, : Provided., That before any further contracts are let for the construction of said building, geneial plans for the entire construction thereof shall be prepared by or under the direction of the Chief of Engineers of the Army, which plans shall be subject to the inspection and approval of the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Interior: . * * * October 19, 1888 {25-632). — Authorizes the Secretary of War to use so much of unexpended balance of appropriation for the Washington Aqueduct tunnel in District of Columbia as may be necessary to protect and preserve the work already done upon that tunnel. Febniary 23, 1899 (25-690). — One or more engineer officers to survey a national road from the Aqueduct Bridge to Mount Vernon. Act ofJfarch 2, 1889 {25 Stats., 905). AN ACT making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appropriations for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nhie, and for prior years, and for other purposes. Water supply., District of Columbia. — To enable the Secretary of War to cause to be constructed and put in operation a forty-eight-inch cast-iron main from the present distributing reservoir above George- town, ... to connect with the present forty-eight-inch main from the new reservoir at R and Fourth streets . . . The said work shall be done under the direction of the Chief of Engineers, in the shortest practicable time. . . . 524 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. uipril 19, 1890 {26-671). — Board of engineers to report on practicability and cost of tunneling the Detroit River near Detroit, Mich. July 11, 1890 {26-268). — Board of engineers to take testimony relative to clear height of North River Bridge, New York, above ordinary high water. AuguM 18, 1890 {20-315). — An officer of engineers, not below rank of lieutenant- colonel, to be a member of a board to inquire into the facilities for producing steel forgings for high-power guns at or near the Pacific coast, in the vicinity of the Rock Island Arsenal, the Indianapolis Arsenal, and at some point on or near the (lulf coast; also as to the advisability of erecting at those points gun factories for finishing and assembling high-power guns. Resolution of Aur/usf 28, 1890 (26 Stats.. 678). JOINT RESOLUTION extending the privilege of the Library of Congress to the members and secretary of the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Chief of Engineers of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army. That the Joint Committee of Congress on the Library be authorized to extend the use of the books in the Library of Congress to . , . the Chief of Engineers of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army, resident in Washington, on the same conditions and restrictions as mem- bers of Congress are allowed to use the Librar}'. September 19, 1890 {26-426). — Boards of three engineer officers to determine best location for a deep-water harbor between Points Duma and Capistrans, on the Pacific coast; to report on reduced project, etc., for harbor of refuge at Port Orford, Oreg. ; to survey most feasible location for a ship canal to connect Lakes Union, Washing- ton, and Samamish with Puget Sound ; to examine the obstructions to navigation in the Hudson River. Act of Septemher 27, 1890 {26 Stats., Jfd2). AN ACT authorizing the establishing of a public park in the District of Columbia. * * * Sec. 2. That the Chief of Engineers of the United States Arnw, the Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia, . . . be, and they are hereby, created a commission to select the land for said park, of the quantity and within the limits aforesaid, and to hav^e the same surveyed l)y the assistant to the said Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia in charge of public highways, which said assist- ant shall also act as executive officer of the said commission. * * * Sec. 7. That the public park authorized and established by this act shall be under the joint control of the . . . Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, . September 30, 1890 {26-554). — Board of three engineer officers to determine in a given contingency whether the use of the Louisville and Portland Canal basin by Messrs. Byrne and Speed is prejudicial to the canal or its use. Resolution of Decejnher 2Jf, 1890 (26 Stats., lllS). JOINT RESOLUTION defining a quorum of the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. . Hereafter such Engineer Commissioner may, in the discre- tion of the President of the United States, be detailed from among the captains or officers of higher grade having served at least fifteen years in the Corps of Engineers of the Army of the United States. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 525 Fehntari/ .9, 1S91 (26-740). — Safe deep harbor on the coast of Texas, to he inspected by Army engineers. July 13, 1892 [27-88). — Board of five engineer officers to carefnlly examine for a proposed deep-water harbor at San Pedro or Santa Monica hays, California; board of seven engineer officers to report on removal of obstructions to navigation in the Columbia River; Chief of Engineers to submit, with his views, reports of local and division engineers having made preliminary examinations of rivers and harbors authorized by this act. Ad of July ^7, 189'2 (27 Stats., 276). AN ACT amending the act of October first, eighteen hundred and ninety, entitled ".\n act to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and to regu- late promotions therein." * * * Sec. 2. That the examination of officers of the Corps of Engineers who were officers or enlisted men in the regular or volunteer service, either in the Army, Navy, or the Marine Corps, during the war of the rebellion, shall be conducted by boards composed in the same manner as for the examination of other officers of their respective corps and department; and the examination shall embrace the same subj(^cts prescribed for all other officers of similar grades in the Corps of Engineers, . . . respectively. July 27, 1892 (27-281). — An engineer officer to be detailed to examine and report upon work for the improvement of the outer bar of Brunswick, Ga. (This provision is repeated in act of March 1, 1893 (27-529). August .5, 1892 (27-349). — Brig. Gen. T. L. Casey to continue in charge of building for the Library of Congress, whether on the active or the retired list of the Army. Act of March 1, 1S93 (27 Stats., 507). AN ACT to create the California Debris Commission and regulate hydraulic mining in the State of California. That a commission is hereb}^ created, to be known as the California Debris Commission, consisting of three members. The President of the United States shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Sen- ate, appoint the commission from officers of the Corps of Engineers, United States Army. Vacancies occurring therein shall be tilled in like manner. It shall have the authority and exercise the powers hereinafter set forth, under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers and direction of the Secretary of War. Sec. 2. That said commission shall organize within thirt}^ days after its appointment by the selection of such officers as may be required in the performance of its duties, the same to be selected from the mem- bers thereof. The members of said commission shall receive no greater compensation than is now allowed by law to each, respectively, as an officer of said Corps of Engineers. * * * March 1, 1893 (27-529). — An officer of Engineers to examine and report upon improvement of the outer bar of Brunswick, Georgia. March 2, 1893 (27-532). — Chief of Engineers to be a member of the commission created for supervision of permanent system of highways in District of Columbia, (iutsid(^ of cities. Sc/ttonlwr 7, 1893 (28-2). — Rei)airs to the old Ford's Theater to be made under direction of the Chief of Engineers. 526 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of March 29, 189^ (28 Siats., 47). AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government. That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of the Treas- ury Department returns of public property intrusted to the possession of officers or agents, . . . the Chief of Engineers, . . . shall certify to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department, for debiting on the proper account, any charge against any officer or agent intrusted with the public property, arising from an}^ loss, accru- ing by his fault, to the Government as to the property so intrusted to him. * * * June 27, 1894 [28-586). — Commission of three engineer officers to report upon cost of deepening the harbors of Superior and Dukith. August 6, 1894 {28-233). — Purchases, not exceeding |20(J, may be made in open market. August 18, 1894 {28-338). — Two officers of engineers to be members of a board to certify correctness of accounts for improving outer bar of Brunswick, Ga. ; Chief of Engineers and one officer of his corps to be members of a board to determine the most feasible route for construction of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal; board of three engineer officers to survey canal routes from Lake Erie to the Ohio River and report to Congress at its next session. Resolution of December 24, 1894 (28-967) authorizes delay of report until the first session of the next Congress. March 2, 1895 {28-744)- — Improvement of the Dalecarlia receiving reservoir to be under Col. G. H. Elliott notwithstanding his retirement, and in the event of his death, under the direction of the Chief of Engineers. March 2, 1895 {28-910) . — Board of three engineer officers to examine bar of Yaquina Bay, Oregon; one officer of engineers tolDe member of a board to ascertain feasibility and cost of constructing and completing the Nicaraguan Canal; officer in charge of building for tlie Library of Congress to receive the pay and allowances of his grade on the active list; fireproof building for the Government printing office to be con- structed by the Chief of Engineers. June 3, 1896 {29-202) . — One officer of engineers to be member of a board to report on improvements by Brazos River Channel and Dock Company; boards of three engineer officers each to report on dike between Reedy Island and Liston's Point, Pa.; to submit plans for the improvement of the Sacrat^ento and Feather rivers, California. March 3, 1897 {29-685). — Board of three engineer officers to report on plan and loca- tion of a bridge over the Mississipjn River to the city of St. Louis, Mo. .Tune 4, 1897 {30-11). — Boards of three engineer officers each to survey and deter- mine routes and cost of deep waterways between the great lakes and the Atlantic tide waters; to examine improvements at Aransas Pass, Tex. Chief of Engineers to make the surveys, etc., for a memorial bridge from Washington City to Arlington. Febniarij 17, 1898 {30-735). — Board of three engineer officers to survey and report upon practicability of a navigable channel throughout southwest pass £)i the Mississippi River. April 11, 1898 {30-737). — Incases of emergency, temporary forts or fortifications may be constructed upon written consent of the owner of the land on which such work is to be placed. Act of April m, 1898 {SO Stats., 361). AN ACT to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the LTnited States in time of war, and for other purposes. * * -x- Sec. 10. That the staff of the commander of an army corps shall consist of . . . one chief engineer, . . . who shall have . . . the rank of lieutenant-colonel. . . . The staff of the com- mander of a division shall consist of . . . one chief engineer, who shall have . . . the rank of major. THH COKPS OF ENGINKEKS. 527 Act of April 26, 1898 {30 Stats.', 36 J^). AN ACT for the better or<;aiiization of the line of the Armv of the United States. Sec, 3. That upon a declaration of war by Congress, or a declaration ot'Congress that war exists, the enlisted strength of a company . may, in the discretion of the President, be increased to comprise not exceeding: * * * For each company of engineers: one first sergeant, ten sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, sixty-four first-class privates, sixt3'^-three second-class privates; total enlisted, one hundred and fifty. . . . * * * May 11, 1898 {30-405). — Not to exceed three officers of engineers may hold volun- teer commissions at the same time in any one of the three regiments of engineers authorized; all officers to be appointed by the President and with the consent of the Senate. June 28, 1898 {30-519). — Chief of Engineers to be a member of the commission to examine plat of readjustment of highAvays in District of Columbia outside of cities. June 29, 1898 (30-522). — One officer of engineers to be member of board to deter- mine width of draw or pivot span in bridge across Niagara river; one or more engi- neer officers to be constituted a board to personally supervise construction of said bridge. Act of July -5, 1898 {30 Stats., 662). AN ACT relative to the Corps of Engineers of the Army. That the Corps of Engineers of the Army shall hereafter consist of one Chief of Engineers, with the rank of brigadier-general, seven colonels, fourteen lieutenant-colonels, twenty-eight majors, thirty -five captains, thirty first lieutenants, twelve second lieutenants, and the battalion of engineers: Provided, That the vacancies created by this act in all grades above second lieutenant shall be tilled b}^ the promotion by seniority of the otficers now in the Corps of Engineers: Aiid pro- vided further.^ That the number of oflicers in any grade above second lieutenant shall not be increased beyond the number heretofore estab- lished by law by the promotion of an}- officer to fill an original vacancy created by this act until such ofl[icer shall have served at least three years in the grade from which he is promoted, and the captains and lieutenants shall have satisfactorih" passed the examinations required b}' existing laws. Act of March 2, 1899 {30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States shall consist of . . . a Corps of Engineers. . . . * * * Sec. 7. That the . . . Corps of Engineers . . . .shall con- sist of the ofiicers and enlisted men now provided by law: Prorided, That the battalion of engineers, and the oflicers serving therewith, shall constitute a part of the line of the Army. . . . 528 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. Sec. 13. . . . And ])i"omded also. That any officer now in the Army who was graduated at the head of his class at the United States Militar}^ Academ}- and who is not now in the Corps of Engineers, may be appointed to the Corps of Engineers with the same grade and date of commission that lie would have if he had lieen appointed to the Corps of Engineers on graduation; but said commission shall not entitle an officer to any back pay or allowance. * * * March 3, 1S99 (30-1074) ■ — Government Printing Office to be erected under super- vision of Chief of Engineers. Appropriation for the repair of the house in which Abraham Lincohi died, to be expended under the direction of the Chief of Engineers. March 3, 1899 [30-1131). — Boards of engineer officers to report upon respective routes fi'om Miami, Fla., to the sea; to report on channel through southwest pass of the Mississippi River; to investigate proposed improvement of Yaquina Bay, Oregon; to examine project of improvement of Delaware River from Trenton to its mouth; to reexamine channel through Sabine Lake; to examine the Arkansas River with a view to its improvement; to survey and estimate cost of improving the Illinois and Des Plaines rivers; engineers to make full investigation of the Isthmus of Panama; Chief of Engineers, in his annual reports, to state what deterioration has taken place in works of river and harbor improvement. March 3, LS99 [30-137-2). — Authorizes the commission, of which the officer in charge of public l)uildings and grounds shall be a member, to erect upon Mount Ver- non square, in Washington City, a building for the use of the Washington Public Library. February 9, 1900 [31- .) — Engineer member of deep waterways commission to receive difference between his army pay and the compensation of the other members of the commission. June 6, 1900 [31- ). — Appropriations by this act for emergencies in river and harbor works, etc., to be expended under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers; no allotment to be made unless recommended by him. Board of engineers, heretofore appointed to survey the upper Illinois and lower Des Plaines rivers, to report an estimate for channels 10, 12 and 14 feet deep through proposed route including connection at Lockport with the sanitary and ship canal; to report also the cost for the improvement of the lower Illinois River for channels of similar depths. An engineer officer to be member of a board to make plans and estimates for improvement of a harbor at the island of Guam. .huie 6, 1900 [31- ). — Chief of Engineers to have the employment of all persons connected with the plans for extending the Executive Mansion; to make an examina- tion of plans for park improvements in Washington City; road extensions and improvements, etc., in Yellowstone National Park to be made under a general plan approved V)y the Chief f>f Engineers. Improvement of the Mis-souri River from its mouth to Sioux City, Iowa, to be done according to plans, etc., of the Missouri River Commission, and approved by the Chief of Engineers. Act of February H, 1901 {31 Stats., — ). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of ... a Corps of Engineers, . . . * * * Sec. 11. That the enlisted force of the Corps of Engineers shall con- sist of one band and three battalions of engineers. The engineers band shall be organized as now provided by law for bands of infantry regiments. Each battalion of engineers shall consist of one sergeant- major, one quartermaster-sergeant, and four companies. Each com- pany of engineers shall consist of one first sergeant, one (piartermaster- sergeant, with the rank, pay, and allowances of sergeant, eight THE CORrS OF ENGINEERS. 529 sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, two cooks, thirt^^-eight first- class and thirty-eio-ht second-class privates: Provided,, That the Presi- dent may, in his discretion, increase the number of sergeants in any company of engineers to twelve, the number of corporals to eighteen, the number of first-class privates to sixty-four, and the number of second-class privates to sixty-four, ])ut the total number of enlisted men authorized for the whole Arm}^ shall not, at any time, be exceeded: And provided, That officers detailed from the Corps of Engineers to serve as battalion adjutants and battalion quartermasters and commis- saries shall, while so serving, receive the pay and allowances herein authorized for battalion staff officers of infantry regiments. * * * Sec. 22. That the Corps of Engineers shall consist of one Chief of Engineers with the rank of brigadier-general, seven colonels, four- teen lieutenant-colonels, twent3^-eight majors, forty captains, forty first lieutenants, and thirty second lieutenants. The enlisted force provided in section eleven of this act and the oflacers serving there- with shall constitute a part of the line of the Army: Provided, That the Chief of Engineers shall be selected as now provided by law, and hereafter vacancies in the Corps of Engineers in all other grades above that of second lieutenant shall be filled, as far as possible, b}^ promo- tion according to seniority from the Corps of Engineers: And pro- vided also. That vacancies remaining in the grades of first and second lieutenant may be filled by transfer of officers of the Regular Army, subject to such professional examination as may be approved by the Secretary of War. Vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant not filled by transfer shall be left for future promotions from the Corps of Cadets at the United States Military Academy. * * * Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff' for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authoi'ized for duty in each staff' depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused l)y details from the line to the staff' shall be filled ])y officers returning from tours of staff' duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the numl)er authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. S. Doc. 22'J 34 X.-THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 531 THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. May 27, 1TT5, Congress appointed a committee to consider ways and means to supply the colonies with ammunition :ind military stores, and the British Government having- prohibited the exportation of arms and annnunition to any of the plantations the Congress authorized the exportation of produce in all vessels importing munitions of war. While, July 16, 17T(), a Commissioner of Artillery Stores was appointed (April 11, 1777, styled Commissioner-General of Military Stores) the business of procuring arms and ammunition was conducted by a secret committee and the Board of War, The act of April 2, 17U1:, authorized the President to appoint an offi- cer whose duty, under the Department of War, was to superintend the receiving, safe-keeping, and distribution of military stores. The Ordnance Department was first established under the act of May 14, 1812. It was not provided for in the reduction of the Army March 3, 1815; but the act of April 21:, 1816, provided that it be continued as organized under the act of February 8, 1815. By the act of March 2, 1821, the Ordnance Department, as an independ- ent bureau, was abolished and merged in the artillery. The President was authorized to select such artillery officers as might be necessary to perform ordnance duties, and to each regiment of that arm one super numerary captain was attached for ordnance duty. The provision of that law making the artillery officers su))iect only to the orders of the War Department wdiile on ordnance duty was almost tantamount to preserving the independence of the bureau, and must be regarded as a manifestation by Congress of a want of confidence in the success of the scheme. The laAV was passed in the interests of econom3% simplicity of organization , and thoroughness of instruction. Mr. Secretary Calhoun, who strongly advocated the measure, said: By uniting the three corps of the ordnance, hght artillery, and artillery in one, appointing one general staff at the head of it, and )naking its officers pass in rotation through the three services, the organization of the Army will be rendered more simple and the instruction of the officers much more complete. Experience, however, proved that neither interest was at all sub- served. After eleven years' trial the experiment proved a failure, and was so acknowledged by the al>lest generals of the Army and the most distinguished public men of the country, including Mr. Calhoun himself. Accordingly the Department was reorganized on an independent footing by the act of April 5, 1832. Commissary of Art ill m/ St,ores. Aug. 17,1775. — ^Ir. Ezokiel Cheever. July 16, 177(>. — IVMijamin Flower, esq. (Pennsylvania), for the flying camp. Jan. 18,1777. — Mai. .Samuel French. 533 534 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Feb. 1, 1777. — Mr. St. George Peale, for Maryland. Feb. 1, 1777. — Maj. Jonathan Gostelow. Feb. 5, 1777.— Maj. Joseph Watkins. Mar. 8, 1777.— Maj. Charles Lukens. Sept. 17, 1782. — Richard Frothingham, for the main army. Inspector- General of Ordnance and Military Manufactories. Aug. 11,1777. — Mons. du Coudray (France). Commissary -General of Alilitwy Stores. July 16,1776. — Benjamin Flower, esq. (Pennsylvania). July 12,1781. — Samuel Hodgdon (Pennsylvania). Commissary- General of Ordnance. July 2,1812. — Col. Decius Wadsworth (Connecticut). Chief of Ordnance. Feb. 9, 1815.— Lieut. Col. (Col. Mav 30, 1832) George Bomford (New York). Mar. 25, 1848.— Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen. May 30, 1848) George Talcott (New York). July 10, 1851.— Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen. Mar. 13, 1865) Henry K. Craig (Pennsylvania). Aug. 3, 1861.— Brig. Gen. (Bvt. Maj. Gen. Mar. 13, 1865) James W. Ripley (Con- necticut). Sept. 15, 1863.— Brig. Gen. (Bvt. Maj. Gen. Mar. 13, 1865) George D. Ramsey (District of Columbia). Sept. 12, 1864.— Brig. Gen. (Bvt. Maj. Gen. Mar. 13, 1865) Alexander B. Dyer (Mis- souri) . June 23, 1874.— Brig. Gen. Stephen V. Benet (Florida). Jan. 23, 1891.— Brig. Gen. Daniel W. Flagler (New York) . Apr. 5, 1899.— Brig. Gen. Adelbert R. Buffington (Virginia). THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. May ^7, 1775. Upon motion, agreed, that Mr. Washington, Mr. Schuyler, Mr. Mifflin, Mr. Deane, Mr. Morris, and Mr. S. Adams be a committee to consider on ways and means to supply these colonies with ammunition and military stores. Jime 10, 1775. Resolved.^ That it be recommended to the several towns and districts in the colonies of Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, and the eastern division of New Jersey, to collect all the saltpetre and brimstone of their several towns and districts, and transmit the same, with all pos- sible dispatch, to the provincial convention at New York. That it be reconnnended to the provincial convention of the colony of New Y'ork to have the powder mills in that colony put into such a condition as immediateby to manufacture into gunpowder, for the use of the continent, whatever materials may be procured in the manner above directed. That it be recommended to the committees of the western division of New Jersey, the colonies of Pennsylvania, lower counties on Dela- wai'e and Maryland, that they without delay collect the saltpetre and sulphur in their respective colonies, and transmit the same for the committee of the city and liberties of Philadelphia, to the end that those articles may be immediately manufactured into gunpowder for the use of the continent. That it be recommended to the conventions and committees of the colonies of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina that they without delay collect the saltpetre and sulphur in their respective col- onies, and procure these articles to be manufactured, as soon as pos- sible, into gunpowder for the use of the continent. That it be recommended to the several inhabitants of the United Colonies who are possessed of saltpetre and sulphur for their own use to dispose of them for the purpose of manufacturing gunpowder. That the saltpetre and sulphur collected in consequence of the above resolves of Congress be paid for out of the continental fund. That Ml-. Paine, Mr. Lee, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Schuyler, and Mr. Johnson be a conunittee to devise ways and means to introduce the manufacture of saltpetre in these colonies. 535 536 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Oi" GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Jull/ IS, 1775. Whereas the Government of Great Britain hath prohibited the exportation of arms and ammunition to any of the plantations, and endeavored to prevent other nations from siippl^ying us: Resolved, That for the better furnishing these colonies with the necessary means of defending their rights, every vessel importing gunpowder, saltpetre, sulphur, provided they bring with the sulphur four times as much saltpetre, l)rass tield pieces, or good muskets fixed with bayonets, within nine months from the date of this resolution, shall be permitted to load and export the produce of these colonies to the value of such powder and stores aforesaid, the nonexportation agreement notwithstanding; and it is recommended to the committees of the several provinces to inspect the military stores so imported, and to estimate a generous price for the same, according to their good- ness, and permit the importer of such powder or other military stores aforesaid to export the value thereof, and no more, in produce of any kind. July 19, 1775. Resolved, That the appointment of ... a commissary of artil- lery be left to General Washington. Jnly 29, 1775. Resolved., That the pay of the . , . be . . . Commissary of artillery, thirty dollars per do. [month]. July 31, 1775. On motion made, resolved, that Mr. Langdon, Mr. J. Adams, Mr. Hopkins, Mr. Deane, Mr, Clinton, Mr. Crane, Doctor Franklin, Mr. Rodne}^, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Henry, Mr. Hewes, Mr. Gadsden, and Mr. Hall be a committee, in the recess of Congress, to make enquiry in all the colonies after virgin lead and leaden ores, and the best methods of collecting, smelting, and refining it. August 17, 1775. — "Mr. Ezekiel Cheever is appointed commissary of artillery stores." {Orders, General Headquarfers, Cambridge.) Se2)temher U, 1775. Ordered., That the delegates for Pennsylvania prepare and lay before the Congress to-morrow an account of the powder belonging to the United Colonies received, and how it is disposed of; also an account of all the powder now in this city. Septeniher IS, 1775. Resolved, That a secret committee ])e appointed to contract for the importation and deliverv of any quantity of gunpowder, not exceed- ing five hundi'ed tons. That in case such a quantit}^ of gunpowder can not be procured, to contract for the importation of so much saltpetre, with a proportion- ate quantity of sulphur, as with the powder procured will make five hundred tons. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 537 That the waid committee be empowered to contract for the importa- tion of forty brass held ])ieecs (six-pounders), for 10,000 stands of arms, and 20,000 good plain double bridle musket locks. * * * That the said (committee consist of nine members, an^" live of whom to ])e a quorum. The members chosen: Mr. Willing, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Livingston, Mr. Alsop, Mr. Deane, Mr. Dickinson, Mr. Langdon, Mr. McKean, and Mr. Ward. October 5, 1775. Resolved., That a letter be sent to General W^ashington to inform him that Congress, having received certain intelligence of the sailing of two north-countr3"-])uilt brigs, of no force, from England on the 11th of August last, loaded with arms, powder, and other stores, for Quebec, without convoy, which it being of importance to intercept, desire that he apply to the council of Massachusetts Bay for the two armed vessels in their service, and despatch the same, with a sufficient mimber of people, stores, etc., particularly a number of oars, in order, if possible, to intercept the said two brigs and their cargoes and secure the same for the use of the continent; also any other transports laden with ammunition . . . for the use of the ministerial army or navy in America, and secure them in the most convenient places for the purpose abo\'e mentioned. Noimnher ^, 1775. Resolved, That it be recommended to the several assemblies or con- ventions of the colonies, respectively, to set and keep their gunsmiths at work to manufacture good firelocks, with bayonets; each firelock to l)e made with a good bridle lock, three-quarters of an inch bore, and of good substance at the breech, the barrel to be three feet eight inches in length, the bayonet to be eighteen inches in the blade, with a steel ramrod, the upper loop thereof to be trumpet mouthed; that the price to be given be fixed by the assembly or convention or com- mittee of safety of each colony, and that until a sufficient quantity of good arms can be manufactured they import as many as are wanted b}^ all the means in their power. ResoJved^ That the good arms of such soldiers as leave the service be retained for the use of the new Army, on a valuation made of them. Novemher 8, 1775. Resolved., That the secret committee appointed to contract for the importation of arms, ammunition, etc., be empowered to export to the foreign West Indies, on account and risque of the continent, as much provision or any other produce (except horned cattle, sheep, hogs, and poultr}") as they may deem necessary for the importation of arms, ammunition, sulphur, and saltpetre. November S, 1775. — The committee. appointed to confer with General Schuyler was instructed to advise the general to purchase the arms of sick oflficets and soldiers for the use of those who liad none or bad ones. Xovemher 10, 177.'). — The assemblies, conventions, and committees of safety of the thirteen united colonies requested to appoint persons in each colony to employ and 538 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. set to work as many persons as tliey may think proper, to work up such earth as is fit for making sahpetre and collect all such earth and composition of materials as are suitable to produce saltpetre. November 11, 1775. — Congress recommended to such proprietors of tobacco ware- houses and tobacco houses in Virginia and Maryland as can not speedily have the earth of the floors of their houses worked for saltpetre to cause those floors to be dug up and left fine, loose, and light, at least six inches deep, suffering the tobacco stalks and trashy leaves to be spread thereon. November 18, 1775. — "The Commissary-General to order all the horns of the bullocks that are killed for the use of the Army to be saved and sent to the Quartermaster- General, who is also to provide as many as he can get, and have the whole made into good powder horns for the use of the troops." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) November 20, 1775. Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered to contract for the importation of an hundred tons of lead. January S, 1776. Resolved, That the following goods and stores ought to be imported as soon as possible for the use of the United Colonies, viz: * * * 20,000 stand of arms. 300 tons of lead. 1,000,000 of flints. 1,600 boxes of tin, and wire properly sorted for it. * * * 500 sheets of copper of different sorts. Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered and directed to pursue the most effectual measures for importing the foregoing articles. January 8, 1776. Information being given to Congress that about fifty-seven tons of saltpetre were arrived at Philadelphia, and about 15 tons of powder at New York, for sale: Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to treat for the purchase of the saltpetre, and enquire how it may be most speedily manufactured into powder, and report to Congress. January 15, 1776. Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to make an estimate of the number of cannon that may be wanted for the defense of the United Colonies and to devise ways and means for procuring them, and that it be an instruction to said committee to enquire what size cannon can be cast in these Colonies. The members chosen: Mr. Wisner, Mr. Hopkins, Mr. Rogers, Mr. Allen, and Mr. Paine. January 21, 1776. — "The colonel or commanding officer of each regiment is forth- with to send out one or two prudent and sensible oflicers to buy up such arms as are wanted for his regiment. These officers to be also good judges of arms, and they are directed to purchase none but such as are proper and in the best repair, and if pos- sible to get them with bayonets, T)ut not to refuse a good firelock without. ' ' ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 539 January 28, 1776. — "The colonels or commanding officers of regiments are requested to buy any good arms which the militia may voluntarily incline to sell." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) February 3, 1776. — "All arms purchased by the officers sent upon that duty are to be first delivered to Mr. Commissary Cheever for inspection, who is to report their number and goodness to the general before they are delivered out of his store." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge. ) FebTuarij 5^ 1776. Hcfiolved^ . . . That the appointments by General Schuyler of Mr. Hul)bard Brown to be conductor of artillery, . . . Mr. Peter Schuyler to take charge of the arms, . , . be confirmed; and that General Schuyler be desired to inform Congress of the proper salaries to be annexed to these offices. Be.soJved, . . . That it be recommended to the convention or committee of safety of New York to prosecute the discovery of the lead mine at New Canaan. February W, 1776. Resolved., That two hundred and fifty twelve-pounders, sixty nine- pounders, and sixty-two four-pounders be purchased for the use of these (yolonies; That the committee on ways and means of procuring- cannon be empowered to purchase or contract for making the same; That a new member be added to the committee. The member chosen: Mr. W. Livingston. Fehrunry 23, 1776. Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to contract for the making of muskets and bayonets for the use of the United Colonies, and to consider of farther wa^^s and means of promoting and encourag- ing the manufacture of firearms in all parts of the United Colonies. The members chosen: Mr. Paine, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Huntington, Mr. Lee, and Mr. L. Morris. * * * Resolved, That the secret committee be empowered, for the purpose of procuring arms and ammunition, to export the produce of these Colonies, equal to the amount of that by them exported in two vessels lately taken by the enemy. * * * Resolved, That it be recommended to the several assemblies, con- ventions, councils, or conuuittees of safety, and committees of corre- spondence and inspection in the Ignited Colonies to exert themselves in devising farther wa3"s and means of promoting and encouraging the manufacture of saltpetre and of introducing that manufacture into private families. That it be recommended to the assemblies and conventions in the United Colonies that they immediately establish public works in each and every county in their respective colonies, at the expense of such colonies, for the nianufacture of saltpetre, and appoint committees of their own members immediately to set up such manufactures; 540 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That it be recommended to the assemblies and conventions, councils, or committees of safety of every colony forthwith to erect powder mills in their respective colonies, and appoint committees to build such mills and procure persons well skilled in the manufacture of powder, at the expense of such colonies; That a committee of this Congress, to consist of one member from each colony, be appointed to consider of further ways and means of promoting and encouraging the manufactures of saltpetre, sulphur, and gunpowder in these colonies, and to correspond with the several assemblies and conventions and councils or committees of safety in the several colonies, that Congress may be from time to time truly informed of the progi'ess made in these manufactures. The members chosen: Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Faine, Mr. Hopkins, Mr. Huntington, Mr. L. Morris, Mr. Sergeant, Mr. Humphrevs, Mr. Read, Mr. Paca, Mr. Braxton, Mr. Hewes, Mr. E. Rutledge, and Mr. Pnillock. March 3, 1776. — "The Quartermaster-General may draw the carbines out of the commissary's stores and put them into the hands of the carpenters or such others as he shall think will use them to the best advantage, taking care to retxn-n them when called for. All arms in store fit for use may be delivered out to the Adjutant- General's order." {Orders, General Headquarters, Cambridge.) April 13, 1776. Resolved., That the committee for casting cannon be directed to contract for the casting of fort}^ howitzers, with a sufficient quantity of shells. April 19, 1776. Resolved, That an immediate supply of arms ... be furnished for the troops in Virginia, and that proper persons be appointed to procure them, subject to the order of Congress already entered into. May U, 1776. Resolved, That, as a number of arms, fit for use, may be bought from the owners, who may incline to sell them, General Washington be directed to employ such an agent as he has proposed to go into the colonies for that purpose. Resolved, That the secret committee l>e directed to deliver to Colonel Jacob Ford, jr., three tons of saltpetre to be by him manufactured into gunpowder for the use of the United Colonies, on the same terms as others have agreed to manufacture it. * * * That the said committee be directed to deliver to Colonel Bird 200 lbs. of powder to prove the cannon he is making for the United Colo- nies. Resolved, That the committee appointed to contract for the making of cannon be directed to employ proper persons to attend and see the cannon proved. May 18, 1776. Resolved, That it [letter from Mr. Langdon] be referred to the com- mittee of secret correspondence and that the said committee be directed to apply to the marine committee for the use of one or more of the continental fleet; and that they send the same to the French West THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 541 India Islands, in order to procure, if possible, a number of muskets, not exceeding 10,000. May 23, 1776. — From a resolve of this date, it appears that a continental factory of firearms existed at Lancaster, Pa., and a gunlock factory at Trenton, N. J. May 25, 1776. Resolved, That the arms, ammunition, and military stores taken by the armed schooner Franldm, or any other of the armed vessels in the pay of the United Colonies, be at the disposal of the general or Commander in Chief of the American forces. June 3, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the general assembly of the colony of Massachusetts Bay, the governor and assembly of the colony of Con- necticut, the conventions of New York and New Jersey, and the sev- eral conventions of such other of the United Colonies, in which there are any lead mines, be requested to transmit to Congress, with all con- venient dispatch, the state and condition of the lead mines in their respective colonies, and use the most speedy means to procure their being wrought to effect. * * * Resolved, . . . That the Commander in Chief be authorized to form and fix such magazines of . . . military stores as he may judge necessary. June 17, 1776. Resolved, . . . That the committee appointed to contract for cannon be directed to procure a number of brass or iron field pieces, to be made or purchased immediately. June 25, 1776. Resolved, That the committee appointed to contract for making muskets be directed to consider the propriety of granting a bounty, or other means, for encouraging the making of muskets. Jul(/ J^, 1776. Resolved, That the Board of War be empowered to employ such a number of persons as they shall find necessary to manufacture flints for the Continent; and, for this purpose, to apply to the respective assemblies, conventions, and councils, or committee of safety of the United American States, or committees of inspection of the counties and towns thereunto belonging, for the names and places of abode of persons skilled in the manufactory aforesaid, and of the places in their respective States where the best flint stones are to be obtained, with samples of the same. July 5, 1776. Resolved, That Mr. John Coburn, who has acted as an assistant con- ductor of military stores in Canada, and has produced certificates of his having done his duty in that station, be allowed lieutenant's pay from the first day of March to the first day of June last. 542 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. July 10, 1776. The Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of military stores for the flying camp; and the ballots being taken, Benjamin Flower, esq., was elected. July 19, 1776. JRemlved, That the committee appointed to contract for the making cannon be empowered to contract with Messrs. Hughes for one thou- sand tons of cannon on the terms by them proposed. Augtist 21, 1770. Resolved, That the cannon committee be directed to contract for the immediate casting of six 6-pounders, six 12-pounders, four 8-inch howitzers, four 6-inch howitzers, and cohorn mortars, to be made of brass, if a suflicient quantity of that metal can be procured; if not, to » be cast of iron, and sent as soon as possible to General Gates for the use of the northern army, and that the said committee provide also carriages and everything necessary to complete the said artiller}^ for service. August 28, 1776. Resolved, That there be an inspector or inspectors sufficiently quali- fied to judge the goodness of gunpowder, who shall examine every cask of gunpowder manufactured or to l)e purchased on account of the United States, b}' the most approved method of ascertaining the quality of gunpowder; that said inspector or inspectors to receive one-eighth part of a dollar for every hundredweight of powder he or they shall so examine; That no gunpowder be received into the public magazine for the use of the United States of America, or delivered from the powder mills fort hat purpose, but such as has been approved by the public inspector as to its quickness in firing, strength, dryness, and other necessary qualities; That the inspector mark each cask approved with the letters U. S. A. , and such other marks as are necessary to distinguish the several sorts of powder; That every maker of gunpowder mark ev^ery cask in which he shall pack his gunpowder with the first letters of his name; That gunpowder be put into no casks but such as are well seasoned and dry; That it be recommended to the legislatures of the sev^eral States of America to cause suitable inspectors to be appointed to examine and determine the qualitv of all gunpowder manufactured within their jurisdiction, and that no person be allowed to vend any gunpowder manufactured in any of the States of America unless the same, in the judgment of such inspector, shall be of sufficient quality, and to make such laws for executing this or any other regulations for promoting the manufacture of good gunpowder as to them may seem most con- venient. Congress then proceeded to the election of an inspector of gunpowder; and, the ballots being taken, Robert Towers was chosen. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 543 Septemher 18, 1776. * * Ordered, That the secret committee furnish the said committee [appointed to contract for casting cannon] with two barrels of powder for proving cannon. September' 20, 1776. Ordei'ed, That Mr. Paine write to Governor Trumbull respecting the practicabilit}" of enlarging the furnace at Salisbury for casting heavy cannon there, and request his opinion concerning the same. Septemher "27, 1776. Ordered, That the secret committee deliver to the board of war the care and custody of all arms, ammunition, and other warlike stores now under their care or that may hereafter be imported or purchased by them for account of the United States of America. f)er 21, 1776. The secret committee having informed Congress that a vessel was arrived in New Hampshire with a cargo on account of the Continent, among which was a quantity of flints, it was thereon Mesolved, That the secret committee be directed to order 30,000 of the said flints to General Schujder, for the use of the army in the Northern Department, and the remainder to General Washington, for the use of the army under his immediate command. October 22, 1776. The secret committee reported that the cargo lately arrived at Portsmouth in the l>rig Marquis of Kildare, Captain Palmer, consists of the following articles, viz, . . . 250 small arms, 100,000 flints, . and 10 tons of lead; whereupon. Resolved, . . . That 60,000 flints be sent to General Washington; That 88,000 flints, 150 small arms, . . . and 8 tons of lead be sent to the northern army, under General Schu} ler and General Gates. Novemher J^, 1776. Resolved, That it be recommended to the several assemblies or con- ventions of the colonies, respectively, to set and keep their gunsmiths at work to manufacture good flrelocks, with bayonets, each iirelock be made with a good bridle lock, three-quarters of an inch bore, and of good substance at the breech, the barrel to be three feet 8 inches in length, the bayonet to be 18 inches in the blade, with a steel ramrod, the upper loop thereof to be trumpet-mouthed; that the price to be given to be flxed by the assembly or convention or committee of each Colony, and that until a sufiicient quantity of good arms can be manu- factur(>d they inq^ort as many as are wanted by all the means in their power. 544 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Resolved^ That the good arms of such soldiers as leave the service be retained for the use of the new army, on a valuation made of them. Novemlxr 19^ 1776. Resolved^ That 100 three-pounders, 50 six-pounders, 50 twelve- pounders, 13 eighteen-pounders, and 13 twenty-four-pounders, all of brass, l)e immediately provided as field artillery for the use of the armies of the United States; That the secret coumiittee be directed to take the most effectual meas- ures for procuring the said brass artillery; that the said committee confer with the committee for procuring cannon and consult with them how many they can provide; That this matter be kept as secret as the nature of the business will admit. Resol'ved^ . . . That some proper person be appointed to act in the capacity of armorer to assist the coumiissary of [military] stores in inspecting, superintending repairs, and taking care of all the Conti- nental arms in the public magazine at Philadelphia. November 19, 1776. — Congress desired Pennsylvania and the States south to lay up military stores, ammunition, etc. November 26, 1776. Resolved., That the cannon committee be directed to enquire what quantity of cannon are on board the prize ship that arrived yesterday in the port of Philadelphia, and if the}' are lit for field artillery to take measures to have them mounted on proper carriages and sent to General Washington. Novemher 28. 1776. Resolved., That a letter be sent to Governor Trumbull, desiring him to order 20 cannon, carrying shot of 18 pounds weight, to be cast at Salisbury furnace; . . That skillful persons be sent to examine the Salisbury and Mr. Livingston's founderies; and if it be found that a sufficient number of cannon may be cast there, that proper artificers be forthwith employed in the work, an agreement being first made with Governor Trumbull and Mr. Livingston for that purpose. November 28, 1776. — A plan for an artillery yard was referred to a coiumittee com- posed of Messrs. R. H. Lee, Paine, and Middleton. Non^nihei' 29, 1776. Resolved, That the secret committee be directed to provide, as soon as may be, arms . . . for 3,000 horse. Deaemher 2, 1770. Resolved, That it be recommended to the governor and council of Virginia to take the most etfectual measures for purchasing and col- lecting, for Continental use, all the copper and other materials fit for casting brass field artillery that can be got in that State, tuid the Con- gress will defray the cost and expense of the same. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 545 December 12, 1770. — Owing to the approach of the enemy, Congress ordered that the arms and anniiunition in and near Philadelphia be i^ut under control of General Putnam, who was chai'ged with the defense of the city. December 24-^ 1776. Resolved., That two other magazines of ammunition, in addition to that agreed on the 21st, be formed, one in the Eastern States and one in the Southern States. Ordered., That the Delegates of the Eastern States confer together, and also those of the Southern States, and fix upon proper places, and report to Congress on Thursday next. Deceirdjer 30, 1776. Resolved., That General Schuyler, or the commanding officer of the northern army, be directed to cause an elaboratory to be erected at such place as he shall judge most convenient, to fix all the necessary ammunition for the ensuing campaign. January IJp., 1777. Resolved., That Messrs. Morris, Clymer, and Walton be directed, with all possible dispatch, to procure in the State of Pennsylvania or New Jersey, and send to Albany, three tons of steel and five tons of nail rods for the use of the Army in the Northern Department. January '2'2, 1777. Resolved, . . . That Thomas Butler be appointed public armorer, and that he immediately repair to the city of Philadelphia to superin- tend the said business agreeably to the resolve of the 19tli of November; That he be allowed 3 dollars a day for his pay and subsistence. January %J^., 1777 . Resolved., That the pay of the commissar}^ of military stores, to be appointed to take charge and care of the Continental stores in Mary- land, be 40 dollars per month, Fihruary i, 1777. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of military stores in Maryland; and the ballots being taken, Mr. Saint George Peale was elected. February U, 1777. Resolved, That Mr. K. T. Paine be empowered and directed to con- tract with Colonel (iridley for fort}' 8-inch iron howitzers, upon terms that he shall judge reasonable. February U, 1'^'^'^- Resolved, That the several States be requested to take the most efi'ec- tual steps for immediately collecting from the inhabitants not in actual service all Continental arms and give notice of the number they shall collect to (iieneral Washington; S. Doc. 229 85 546 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AKMY. That all arms and accoutrements belonging to the United States be stamped or marked with the words United jStates; all arms already made to be stamped upon such parts as will receive the impression, and those hereafter to be manufactured to be stamped with the said words on every part composing the stand, and all arms and accoutrements so stamped or marked shall ))e taken whenever found for the use of the States, except they shall l)e in the hands of those actually in Conti- nental service; That it be recommended to the legislatures of the several States to enact proper laws for the punishment of those who shall unlawfully take, secrete, refuse, or neglect to deliver any Continental arms or accoutrements which they may have in their possession. March U, 1777. Rewlved, That the pay of Mr. Nathaniel Barber, jr., deput}^ com- missar}^ of artillery in the Eastern Department, be 53 dollars and ^ per month, and three rations a day. March %%, 1777. Resolved., That the Board of War be empowered to contract with Mr. Wheeler for a number of cannon of the new construction, invented by the said Wheeler. March 31, 1777. Congress having received advice that the ship Mercury of Nantz is arrived at Portsmouth, in New Hampshire, with a cargo for the United States, consisting of 11,987 fusees, 1,000 barrels of powder, 11,000 gunflints, ,. . . Ordered, That 5,000 of the arms be delivered to the order of the council of Massachusetts Bay, for the purpose of arming the troops raised in that State for the Army of the United States; . . . Ordered, That 15 tons of the powder be delivered to the order of the council of Massachusetts Bay, . Ordered, That the secret committee deliver the remainder of the powder, arms, and flints to the order of the Board of W^ar, . . April 2, 1777. Ordered, That a copy of the letter this day received from General Washington be sent to the council of Penns3'lvania and to the gov- ernors of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, and that Governor Johnson, of Maryland be requested to give orders for the immediate removal of the powder and military stores at Annapolis to the town of Frederick, in Maryland, and the powder and military stores at Balti- more to the town of Carlisle, in Pennsylvania, and take measures to have this done with all possible expedition. Ajjril 9, 1777. Resoh)ed, That the Commissary-General of Military Stores be directed immediately to furnish as many rifles, not exceeding 1,000, to be sent to Fort Pitt, as he can procure, . THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 547 Resolved^ That it be recormnended to the good people of the States to furnish the Commissary-General of Military Stores with all such articles he may want for the use of the Arm}^, at a reasonable price; and that the several legislatures or executive powers of the States be desired to exempt from military duty all persons in the militia who are or shall be employed in casting shot and manufacturing military stores of every species while such persons shall be emplo3^ed in the said service. April 11, 1777. Resolved.^ . . . That Colonel Flower, Commissary-General of Military Stores, be empowered to purchase 200 rifles and their accou- trements, to be sent to Fort Pitt. April U, 1777. Besolved, That the resolution passed the 27th [24th] of December last, for erecting a magazine and laboratory in the town of Brooktield, in the State of Massachusetts Bay, be repealed; and that, instead thereof, a magazine sufficient to contain 10,000 stand of arms and 200 tons of gunpowder, and laboratory adjacent thereto, be erected in Springfield, in the said State. May 3, 1777. Resolved, That John Belton be authorized and appointed to super- intend and direct the making or altering 100 muskets on the construc- tion exhibited by him and called "the new improved gun," and that he receive a reasonable compensation for his trouble and be allowea all just and necessary expenses. June W, 1777. Resolved, . . . That the Board of War may order the commissary of hides to deliver to the commissar}- of military stores so much of the leather in his hands as may be necessary for making accoutrements, etc. , for the Army ... That the secret committee . . . import from the Spanish West Indies such a quantity of dried hid-^s as they may judge necessary for . . . public uses. July 23, 1777. Resolved, That the committee appointed to contract for the casting of cannon be directed to deliver to the Board of War and Ordnance all the contracts they have made, . = . and that they be discharged from proceeding farther in that business; and that the Board of War and Ordnance be vested with the powers granted to the aforesaid com- mittee, and that they be directed to attend to the execution of the said contracts, and to take such measures as thej^ shall judge proper and efl'ectual for procuring a proper supply of cannon for the land . . . service . Juh/ 28, 1777. R&-een made for the just punishment of delinquents in the departments of the . . . Com- missary-General of military stores, . . . Therefore, Remlved, That every person in any of the said departments intrusted with the care of provisions, or military or hospital stores, or other property of these United States, who shall be convicted, at a general court-martial, of having sold, without a proper order for that purpose, eml)ezzled, or wilfully misapplied, damaged, or spoiled any of the pro- visions, horses, forage, arms, clothing, ammunition, or other military or hospital stores, or property belonging to the United States of Amer- ica, shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be directed by a general court-martial, according to the natui'e and degree of the offence, at the discretion of such court; and every person in any of the .said departments, intrusted as aforesaid, who shall be convicted at a general court-martial of having, through neglect, suffered any of the articles aforesaid to be wasted, spoiled, or damaged shall suffer such punishment as the said court shall, in their discretion, direct, accord- ing to the degree of the offence. August 30, 1780. ReHolved, That Major Joseph Eayres and Captain Nathaniel Chap- man, who have been employed at Springfield, in the department of the commissary -general of military stores; JVlajor Charles Lukens, at Carlisle, and Captain-Lieutenant E. Godfrey, at Philadelphia, be excused from further service. Octoh'i' 3, 1780. Resolved, . . . That the Regular Army of the United States, from and after th(> first day of Januar}^ next, consist of ... 1 regiment of artificers; -X- -x- -X- Thut the regiment of artificers consist of S companies, and each company of 60 noncommissioned ofiiccrs and privates. S. Doc. 229 86 562 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That the several States furnish the following ([uotas, viz, . . . Pennsylvania ... 1 regiment of artificers; . . . October 13, 17S0. — The issuing commissaries are to deliver all their sheep and calve skins to the lield commissary of militarj' stores with the park of artillery, who will have them properly dressed for drumheads." ( Orders, General Headquarters, Totowa. ) November '25, 1780. Resolved, That all the artificers in the department of military stores in Pennsylvania be removed to Carlisle; and that in future only an issuing store and elaboratory for fixed ammunition be kept in Phila- delphia. That General Washington detach a field officer of artillery to take the conmiand and superintend the business at Carlisle, and under the orders of the Board of War. January S, 17S1. — Congress accepted the resignation of Lieut. Henry Stroop, of Colonel Flower's regiment of artificers. January 12, 1781. Besolved, That from and after the 1st day of August last the pay and appointments of the officers in the Department of the commissary- general of military stores be as follows, the sums hereafter mentioned to be paid in bills of the new emission, and all moneys received in bills of the old emissions since the said 1st day of August be ac^counted for agreeable to the table of depreciation, as fixed by the Board of Treas- ury; Commissary-General of Military Stores, 100 dollars per month, 3 rations per day; deputy commissary-general, 80 dollars per month, 2 rations per day; connnissaries, 70 dollars per month, 2 rations per day; deputy commissaries, 55 dollars per month, 2 rations per day; conductors, 45 dollars per month, 1 ration per day; clerks, 40 dollars per month, 1 ration per day. No rations in addition to the number above mentioned arc to be allowed for servants; That the officers and men of the regiment of artillery artificers have the same pay from and after the said first day of August in bills of the new emission as was originall}' fixed in l)ills of the then emission, ])y the regulations of the department made l)y Congress on the 11th day of February, 1778, and that they draw the number of rations then directed. That the appointments of the field commissary of military stores and his subordinate officers be as follows, from and after the 1st day of August last, the pa}^ to be received in bills of the new emission: Field commissary, DO dollars per month, 2 rations per day, servants included; deputy field commissary, 70 dollars per month, 2 rations per da}', servants included; conductor, 45 dollars per month, 1 ration per day, servants included; clerks, 40 dollars per month, 1 ration per day, servants included. That the commanding ofticer of artillery, for his extra services in the affairs of the Ordnance Department, receive 40 dollars per month, in addition to his pay as an officer in the line, in bills of the new emis- sion, from and after the 1st day of August last. That the surveyor of ordnance, for defraying his expenses in the exercise of his office, be allowed, from and after the 1st day of August last, 40 dollars per month, in bills of the new emission, besides his appointment as a field officer of artillery. THE OKDNANCE DEPAKTMENT. 563 Janua7'y 31^ 1781. Resolved., That the commissary-general of military stores, or first ofiicor in that department, be, and hereby is, allowed, from and after the first day of August last, 115 dollars a month, in bills emitted pur- suant to the act of the 18th of March last; and that the deputy com- missary, or second officer in that department, be, and hereby is, allowed, from the said first day of August, the sum of 90 dollars per month, in the bills aforesaid, in lieu of the sums allowed them, respec- tively, by the resolution of the 12th instant. Fehruary 20, 1781. Resolved, That the Board of War be, and hereby arc, directed to fur- nish the Southern army with . . . 5,000 nuiskets, with bayonet and cartouch boxes; ... 10 tons of musket powder, 5 tons of cannon powder, and 20 tons of lead. That the Board of War furnish the artillery and cavalry with the lecessar}^ ammunition and equipments not comprised in the foregoing resolutions; and that they employ a suflicient number of artificers to repair the arms in the magazines of Virginia and other places. February 26, 1781. — Congress recommended to the State of Massachusetts to make up to Colonel Gridley the depreciation of his pay as engineer at $60 per month from the time of his appointment to tlie 1st day of January, 1781. [Colonel Gridley was colonel of the Massachusetts artillery regiment May, 1775; wounded at Bunker Hill June 17, 1775; colonel and chief of the Continental Artillery September 20 to Novem- l)er 17, 1775; colonel and Chief Engineer June, 1775, to August 5, 1776; was retained in service as colonel and engineer to January 1, 1781, when lie was retired. He died June 21, 1786.] March 5, 1781. — Congress accepted resignation of Nathaniel Barber, commissary of military stores at Boston. March 7, 1781. — A letter of the 6th from the Board of "War inclosed a letter of May •20, 1780, from Messrs. Penet & Co., from which it appeared that their contract for manufacturing arms is entirely at an end from a failure on their part. March 29, 1781. Remlmd, That the regiment of artificers, commanded l)v Colonel Baldwin, be dissolved; and those of the noncommissioned officers and privates whose times of service are unexpired, and are now with the main army, be formed into one company, under such officers and be employed in such wa}" as the Commander in Chief shall direct. That the artificers with the Southern army be also formed into one company, under a competent number of officers to be selected by the commanding general of that army. That all officers of the regiment of artificers not retained by virtue of these resolutions be no longer considered in the service of the United States. Resolved., That all the noncommissioned officers and men of the reoiiiient of artillery artificers at Carlisle, whose times of service are unexpired, be formed into one or more company or companies, and th(>, officers at that place, except Captains Wiley and Jordan, be no longer considered in the service of the United States. April 21. 1781. Resolved, That the superintendent of finance l)e, and he is hereby, authorized to remove from ollice or employment, for incapacity, neg- ligence, dishonesty, or other misbehavior, such persons not immedi- 564 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. atel}^ appointed by the United States in Congress assembled as are or may be officially entrusted with and immediately employed in the expenditure of the public supplies, stores, or otiier property; . . . and such of the said persons as are or ma}' be, in his judgment, unnecessary, reporting to such authority, board, minister, or office, to whom it may l)elong to supply the vacancy, the respective names of the persons so removed. That he be authorized to suspend from office or employment, for similar causes, persons officially employed and entrusted as aforesaid, immediately appointed b}^ the United States in Congress assembled, reporting forthwith their names and the reason of suspension. Pnifidcd^ That in all cases where any of the persons aforesaid are or may be amenable to the law martial the superint(Mident be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed, if he shall deem it most expedient for the public service, to put them in arrest by order in writing, and to apply to the officer whose duty it may be to order a court-martial; and such officer is hereby directed to order proceedings on the arrest accordingly. That in every case of suspension all pay and emoluments cease from the date thereof unless the persons suspended be, upon trial, ac((uitted and restored; and the superintendent shall have power to supply the place when it may be necessary, by a temporar}" appointment, to con- tinue until th(i person suspended be restored or dismissed. That the aforesaid powders shall not be construed to interfere with, the rank, commission, or military duty of any officer in the line of the Army, or those who may be dul}" entrusted with money for secret service by Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the Army, or commanding officer of a separate department. That the powers aforesaid l)e exercised during the pleasure of Con- gress, but not to extend beyond the duration of the war. * -x- * Ordered^ . . . That the said E. Cornell [one of the commission- ers of the Board of War] be, and he is hereby, directed to visit the mil- itary stores and laborator}' to the eastward, in the department of the commissary of military stores, and to take measures for removing arms, ammunition, and stores from thence to the main army, or to the southward; and to correct abuses in the said department, agreebly to instructions he may receive from the Board of War for these purposes. Mu\i 2, 1781. — Place of Commissary-General of Military Stores vacated by death of Colonel Flower. June 1revent the accidental communication of fire to the po^yder mag- azines, which would endanger the lives of many persons and total demolition of the fortiticatioUH, besides the inconvenience that nuist arise from the loss of the powder, the Conunantler in Chief directs that the quartermaster or commissary of military THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 567 stores may, as soon as possible, have grates fixed to the air holes of the magazines, and that lanthoiiis made of transparent horn or glass be immediately provided instead of thosi> made of pierced tin, which are at present very imprudently used. Until the horn or glass lanthorns are provided the greatest care is to l)e taken not to open the door of the lanthorns in the magazines, and at all times to have water in the bottom to extinguish sparks. It is, moreover, positively ordered that no person whatever be permitted to enter a powder magazine without first pulling off his shoes. — {Orders, (leiieral Headquarters, Newburgh.) Jxily ^Ip, 1789.. Resolved., That the act of Cong-ress of the 11th day of Februarv, 1778, and all subsequent resolutions, so far as the\' respect the depart- ment of the commissary -general of military stores, be, and the^ are hereby, repealed. Resolved., That the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, empow- ered to appoint, from time to time, a commissary of military stores, who shall be subject to his orders and instructions, and shall receive a salary of 1,000 dollars per annum. That the Secretary at War be further empowered to appoint, from time to tim3, so many officers, to be taken from the officers of the Army, if agreeable to them, as he may tind necessary to superintend the business in that department. September 3, 178£. Resolved., That all resolutions heretofore passed respecting the pay and emoluments of the field commissary of military stores, his deputies, conductors, and clerks, be, and they are hereby, repealed. Resolved, That the pay and emoluments of the field commissary of military stores shall be 50 dollars per month, two rations per day, for- age for two saddle horses, and one bathorse. He shall also be allowed 6|- dollars per month for a servant, for whom he siiall l)e entitled to draw one ration per day and the clothing allowed to a private soldier. That the pav and emoluments of a deputy held commissary of mili- tary stores for the southern army shall be 40 dollars per month, two rations per day, forage for two saddle horses, and one bathorse. He shall also be allowed Of dollars per month for a servant, for whom he shall be entitled to draw one ration per day and the clothing allowed to a private soldier. Rt'solred, That the pay and emoluments of the deputy field commis- sary of military stores at West Point shall be -iO dollars per month and two rations per da3\ That the pay and emoluments of the conductors or clerks shall be 30 dollars pei' month and one ration per day. Resolved, That there shall be one field coimnissary of m'litary stores and two conductors or clerks for the main army in the field; one deputy field commissary of military stores and two conductors or clerks for West Point; one deputy' field commissary of military stores and two conductors or clerks for the southern army; and one conductor for the i)()st at Fort Pitt, who shall be appointed by the commanding officer of the artillery, with the approbation of the Connuander in Chief; (excepting for the southern army, in which department the appointment shall be made by the connnanding officer of artillery there, with the approbation of tlie conunandmg officer of the department. r)()S LEOTSLATTVE TTrSTORY ('V (iKNEKAL STAFF OF tT. R. ARMY. S< ptcnibi'v 17, J7r-(ieneral Knox having ajipointcd Richard Frotliins,jjt(')nber 23, 1782. — "The brigade conductors of military stores having l)een deranged by the late orders of C'ongress, the stores, wagons, forges, tools, etc., in their possession are to be delivered to the brigade quartermasters, who are. in future to be responsible for this duty. A sergeant from each l)rigade must be appointed to have the special charge of the forges and stores, and to act under the orders of the brigade <|uartermasters. When any arms, annnunition, or accoutrements are wanting, regimental returns in the manner prescrilied in the regulations are to be made to the brigade (|uarfi'rmasters, who will form them intoabrigade, return and obtain the signa- ture of the connnanding otlicer of brigade and the insi)ector-General or inspector." {Orders, General Headqnurd'rs, Veriilank^ roiitl.) Resolved., . . . That tho followino' 1)0, tho proportion of wacrons and bathorses to tli(> diffefcnt ranks of otticors. . . . : •X- * -x- Field commi,s.sary of military stoivs and his dopiity with tlu> main and southern army, each one bathorsc. -X- -x- * That th(n"e shall be allowed for saddle horses: •X- * * Field commissary of military stores 2 rations. Deputy with a separate army 2 do. * x- * Ajjril 17, 1783. Resolved., That immediate measures be taken for the sale of . . . all such articles in the several military departments as may not be necessary for th(^ us(^ of the Army, previous to its reduction, or for the formation of maoazin(»s on a peace establishment. JVovember J^, 1783. Resolved., That Saumel Hodo-don, commissary of military stores, under the appointment of the Secretary at War, be continued in that office until tiie further order of C'ong-ress, and that he be em])ower(>d to continue such assistants as may be necessary to take care of the military stores. Note. — July 24, 17S2, the Secretary at War was authoii/.ed to apj)oint a counnis- sary of military stores. Jiiinoiri/%2, 178Jf. Ordered, That the connuissary of military stores be directed not to dispose of any such stores without the express order of Congress. JiiinKirij )i9, r78.lf. Resolved, That reoular returns of military stores . . . be made to the war office. * •::■ * TIIK ORDNANCE DEPAKTMKNT. 5()9 Rrsolrcd^ That tho, principals in the several de])artni('iits of . , . coinmissary of military .stones . . . be, and they :ire hereby, oi'dered to transmit, as soon as may be, to the war ollice, to be laid l)(d"oi-e C'ono-i'ess, exact returns of all the stores in tlieii' respective de})artments, specif vino- the (juantity and quality of each article, where deposited, in whose care, and in what manner secured. 'Jannanj 30^ 178Jf. Resolved., That th(^ supiM'intendent of linance propose to jVIr. fFames Byers, in behalf of the Tnited States, a mutual rcdiiuiuishmentof right and title to services and salary, and in case Mr. Byers shall not assent to the proposition, that the (-ommissary of military stores give him such directions as he is obliged to conform to by his contract. May 3, 178^. Resolved., That the commissary of military stores, or person havino- the care of the public stores at Carlisle, in Pennsylvania, be, and he is heivby, directed to deliver to th(» orchM- of th(> coi'poi'ation of the city of New York the bells which have been taken from tin* churches and other public editices in the said cit}^, if any such bells remain in his possession. Decemher 7, 1784. Resolved, That the Secretary in the war office be directed to stop the sale of such . . . military stores as were directed to be sold under a letter from the said Secretary of 28d May, 1784, until the further order of Congress. Septe))d)et' 6', 1785. Ordered, That the Secretary at War, as soon as may l)e, cause to be made and transmitted to Congress an exact return of all cannon, with their sizes and appendages; small arms with their accoutrements; swords, pistols, . . . anmumition . . . and pul)lic stores, . . . the custody of which is charged on the DepartnuMit of War; distinguishing th(> (luantity or number, quality and kind of (Mich, and the sevei'al places of their de])osits; and that he transmit a like return on the tirst Monday in fJanuary and the first Monday in July, annually. Octoher 2, 1788. The committee, consisting of Mr. Howard, Mr. Few, Mr. Dayton, Mr. (iilman, and Mr. Carrington, a])]K)inted to make full en view of Congress a sunnnary statement of the various branches of the l)(>})artment of War. •X- x- * !)th. Of the Ordnance DepaHment. — This branch of the Department of Wiir is important and interesting to the Union. The ordnance, arms, ammunition, and all the numerous appendages and c()m})lex apparatus belonging thereto, in possession of the United States, ai'c highly valuable and i'c([uire iin incessant attention to their preservation. 570 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. The places where the}^ are depositocl are as follows: Providence, in Rhode Island. Philadelphia. Springheld, in Massachusetts. New London and Manchester, Vir- Mohawk River. ginia. West Point, on Hudson's River. Charleston, South Carolina. Besides which there are considerable quantities of shot and shells at the furnaces at which they were cast. The proportions at the respec- tive places are specified in the returns on the files of Congress. The principal arsenals are at Springfield, West Point, and Phila- delphia. The other places can be considered as only temporary accommoda- tions for the stores, which are to be removed as soon as permanent arsenals and magazines shall be decided on and provided by the United States. B}^ the information of the Secretary at War it appears that the stores are well accommodated at Springfield, in wooden buildings, except the magazine, which is an excellent one, built of brick at the public expense in 1782. That the powder and stores are well accommodated at West Point, although the buildings, being built of wood, and the materials unsea- soned, are going fast to decay. That the stores in Philadelphia are too much dispersed in difi^erent parts of the citv, and placed in buildings illy calculated for their reception. The establishment of proper and permanent arsenals and magazines is an object of high importance and demands the serious attention of the Government of the United States. But as the expense of erecting suitable buildings for this purpose will be great, it will perhaps be thought advisable to defer it for the present. The arras at Springfield are new and in excellent order, the Secre- tary at War having had the whole taken to pieces, cleaned, and placed in racks prepared for the purpose. About 5,000 arms have been repaired at West Point and are fit for immediate service. About 10,000 of the others are supposed to be worth repairing, and this necessary work is going on at that post on a small scale. To employ the number of workmen requisite to effect the business in one year would be too expensive for the public finances. These arms would probal)ly, on an average, cost about one dollar and a half each to put them in complete order. Between 4,000 and 5,000 arms are in Virginia, the most of which require repairs. The new arms in Philadelphia are in such a state of repair as to need cleaning only. The Secretary at War has lieen constrained to defer this operation until a suitable building could be obtained or an arsenal erected in which so to deposit them that they can be kept easily in order. The powder at Springfield and West Point, which places include the greatest quantities in possession of the public, is in excellent order. Great attention has ])een annually paid to this article in having it aired, cleaned, proved, well packed, and also turned frequently. The brass cannon and mortars are and will remain fit for immediate service, Ijut it is to be remarked generally that no new carriages for the cannon or beds for the mortars have been made since the peace. At Springfield there are a nmuber of new cannon carriages which have THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 571 never been in .service, and also at West Point there are a number fit for service, but in general the carriages which were left at the close of the war are too defective for use. This object will recjuire attention when the finances of the Union will admit of replacing the carriages, without which the cannon are of little service. The ordnance and military stores at the several arsenals under the charge of storekeepers or deputy commissaries of military stores at the following rates of pay: Springfield — One deputy commissary, at 40 dollars per month $480 One assistant, 15 dollars per month 1 80 Providence — One storekeeper, 8 ditto 9() West Point — One deputy commissary, at 40 dollars per month 480 Fort llerkemer and the Mohawk River — One storekeeper, at 14 32/90 172 Philadelphia — One commissar}' of military stores, at 41 64/90 per mo 500 One assistant, 30 dollars per month 360 New London and Manchester — One deputy commissary 480 2,748 There are also deput}" commissaries having the charge of the pu])lic property in South Carolina and at Carlisle, but they will soon be discharged. Ilcnts of hnild'mgx and West Point. For the buildings occupied in Philadelphia 752 60/90 ditto in Virginia 350 ditto for the post of West Point 400 1,502 60/90 On the esta])lishment of permanent arsenals, and the stores being collected together, the expenses arising at an}" other places will cease. STATUTES AT LARGE. Aef of May S, 1793 {1 Stats., 279). AN ACT making alterations hi the Treasury and War Departments. ■X- * * Sec. 5. That all purchases and contracts for suppl^'ing the Army with . . . military stores, . . . and all other supplies or articles for the use of the Department of War, be made by or undei' the direction of the Treasury Department. * * * Act of March 20, 1794 (1 Stats., 3JtL). AN ACT to provide for the defence of certain posts and harbors in the United States. * * * Sec. 2. That it shtdl be lawful for the President of the United States to . . . cause to be provided one hundred cannon, of a caliber each to carry a ball of thirty-two pounds weight, and one hundred other cannon of a caliber each to carry a ball of twenty-four pounds 572 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. weight, together with the carriages and implements necessary for the same, and carriages with the necessary implements for one hundred and tifty other cannon, with two hundred and lifty tons of cannon shot,' Act of April 3, 179 Jf. {1 Stats., 352). AN ACT to provide for the erecting and repairing of arsenals and magazines, and for other purposes. Sec. 1. That for the safe-keeping of the military stores there shall be established, under the direction of the President of the United States, three or four arsenals, with magazines, as he shall judge most expedient, in such places as will best accommodate the different parts of the United States. Either or both of the arsenals heretofore used at Springfield and Carlisle to be continued as part of the said nmnber, at his discretion: Pr, 1801. ^The ollice was abolished after May 31, 1812, by the act of March 28, 1812. 574 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. number of cannon, also a .supply of small arms and of ammunition and military stores, to be deposited and used as will be most conducive to the public safety and defence, at the discretion of the President of the United States. Sp:c. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized, in case he shall hnd it impracticable to procure by pur- chase with certainty and dispatch proportionate to the necessities of the public service the cannon and arms hereby required, and any con- siderable part thereof shall be likely to be deficient, to take by lease, for a term of years, or by sale in fee to the United States, one or more suitable place or places where cannon or small arms may be advantat^eously cast and manufactured, and shall and may there estab- lish founderies and armouries for the manufacture of the same, respec- tively, and shall cause suital)le artisans and laborers to be there employed for account of the United States; and shall and may appoint one or more persons to superintend the said works, under the direction of the Department of War. And an account of the expenditures which shall be incurred in forming and emplo^dng- these estal)lishments, and of the cannon and arms which shall be cast and manufactured therein, respectively, shall be laid before the Congress of the United States, at their next session, and annually thereafter, so long- as the same shall be continued. Sp:c. 3. That the sum of one hundred thousand dollars shall be, and hereby is, appropriated, and shall l)e paid out of any monies not before appropriated, for the hire, purchase, and employ of the said founderies and armouries, respectively, in case such establishments shall be found necessary, as hereinbefore provided. Act of Hay '28, 1798 (1 Stats., 568). AN ACT authorizinjj; the President of the United States to raise a provisional army. * * * Sec. 13. That the President of the United States shall be, and he is hereby, authorized to cause to be purchased and procured a quantity of caps, swords or sabres, and pistols with holsters, not exceeding what may l)e sufficient for four thousand cavalry, and to be deposited in the parts of the United States where he shall deem it most conven- ient for the supply of any corps of cavalry which shall be called into the actual service of the United States. . . . Act of July 6, 1798 {1 Stats., 576). AN ACT providing arms for the mihtia tliroughont the United States. Sec. 1. That there shall be provided, at the charge and expense of the Government of the United States, thirt}- thousand stand of arms, which shall be deposited, by order of the President of the United States, at suitable places, for the purpose of being sold to the govern- ments of the respective States, or the militia thereof, under such regu- lations and at such prices as the President of the United States shall prescribe. * * * THE OKDNANCE UEPAKTMENT. 575 Act of .My 16, 1708 (/ /SV^//.s-., 676*). AN ACT to alter and amend the several acts for the estahlishnient and regulation of the Treasury, War, and Navy Departments. * * * (Sec. 3. That all ptirchaycs and contract.s for supplies or services for the military , . . service of the United States shall ])e made 1\y or under the direction of the chief officers of the Departments of War , and all age tits or contractors for supplies or services as afore- said shall render their accotmts for settlement to the accountant of the proper department for which such supplies or services are required, subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury in manner before prescril)ed. Sec, 4. That it shall be the duty of the purveyor of public supplies to execute all such orders as he may from time to time receive iwnn the Secretary of War . . . relative to the procuring- and provid- ing of all kinds of stores and supplies; and shall render his accounts relative thereto to the accountants of the proper departments, which accoiuits shall be subject to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury as aforesaid. Sec. 5. That the provision of the act passed on the eighth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, entitled ''An act making alterations in the Treasury and War Departments," and the act passed on the twenty-third day of February, one thousand seven hundred and ninetj'-live, entitled "An act to establish the office of purveyor of public supplies," so far as the same are repugnant to the provisions of this act, be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Sec 6. That all contracts to be made by virtue of this act, or of any law of the United States, and requiring the advance of money, or to be in an}' manner connected with the settlement of public accounts, shall be deposited in the office of the Comptroller of the Treasur}' of the United States within ninety days after their dates, respectively. Act of May 7, 1800 {2 Stats., 61). AN ACT for the regulation of public arsenals and magazines. Sec. 1. That the several officers who now are, or hereafter may be, employed in the armories of the United States shall l)e entitled to and shall rec(Mve the following compensations, in addition to their pay as esta))lished by law, to wit: A superintendent of such armory, three rations per day or an equivalent in money; and a master armorer, two rations per day or an equivalent in money. -X- * * Sec. ?>. That if any artilicer or workman hired, retained, or employed in any pu))lic arsenal or armory shall, wantonly and carelessly, break, im])air, or destroy any implements, tools, or utensils, or any stock, or materials for making guns, the property of the United States; or shall wilfully and ol)stinately refuse to perform the services lawfully assigned to him pursuant to his contract, every such person shall forfeit a sum not exceeding twenty dollars for CA'ery such act of disobedience or breach of contract, to lie reco\'ered in an}^ court having competent jurisdiction thereof. Sec. 4. That all artificers and workmen who are or shall be emploj'ed 576 lp:gislative history of geneeal staff of u. s. army. in the said annories shall he, and they are hereby, exempted during their term of service from all military service and service as jurors in any court. Act of March 3, 180S {2 Stats., 9.1^1). AN ACT directing a detachnieiit from tlie militia of the United States, and for erecting certain arsenaln. * -x- * Sec. 5.^ That twenty-five thousand dollars l)C appropriated for erecting, at such place or places on the Western waters as the President may judge most proper, one or more arsenals; and that the President cause the same to be furnished with such arms, ammunition, and mili- tary stores as he may deem necessary. Act of April 2.J, 1808 (2 Stats., PO). AN ACT making provision for arming and eqnipping tlie wiiole body of the militia of the United States.^ Sec. 2. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to purchase sites for and erect such additional arsenals and manufactories of arms as he may deem expedient, under the limita- tions and restrictions now provided by law: Provided also., That so much of any law as restricts the nuiuber of workmen in the armories of the United States to one hundred men be, and the same hereby is, repealed. Act of March 38, 1812 {2 Stats., 006). AN ACT to establish a Quartermaster's Department, and for other purposes. Sec. 17. That there shall be four conductors of artillery, who shall be appointed by the President ak)ne, each of whom shall be entitled to the pay and emoluments of a lieutenant of artillery. Act of May U, 1812 {2 Stats., 732). AN ACT for the better regulation of the orchiance. That there be, and hereby is, established an Ordnance Department, to consist of a commissary-general of ordnance, an assistant commis- sary-general, four deputy commissaries, and as many assistant deputy commissaries as the President of the United States may think neces- sary, not exceeding eight. 1 Repealed by section 7 of act of April 18, 1806 (2-383). '''The organic" law (May 8, 1792, 1-271) for establishing a uniformed militia through- out the United States i)rovided that every man enrolled provide himself with suit- ahlearms; by theactof July 0, 1798 (1-576)", 30,000 stands of armswereto l)ei)rovided at public expense and sold to the State govermnents. Tlu' above act regulated the issues of arms to States and Territories in ])ro])orti()n to the mimber of the effective militia in each. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 577 Sec. 2. That the Commissary-General be authorized, from time to time, to employ as many wheelwrights, carriage makers, blacksmiths, and hiborers as the pul)lic service may, in his judoment, require. Sec. 3. That the commissary -j^eneral of ordnance shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of infantry, and be fur- ther allowed, at the rate of five hundred dollars per year and four rations per day, for clerks in his department; the assistant commissar}'- general of ordnance shall ])e entitled to the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major of infantry, with three additional rations per day; the deputy commissaries of ordnance shall be entitled to the rank, pay, and emoluments of a captain of infantry, with two additional rations per day and forage for one horse; the assistant deputies shall have the rank, pay. and- emoluments of a second lieutenant of infantry, with one additional ration per day. Sec. 4. That a master wheelwright and carriage maker and ;i master blacksmith be allowed thirty dollars each per month and one ration and one-half of a ration per day; that any other wheelwrights, carriage makers, and l)lacksmith3 be allowed each sixteen dollars per month and one ration and one-half of a ration per day; that the laborers each be allowed nine dollars per month and one ration per da}-. Sec. 5. That it shall be the duty of the commissary-general of ordnance to direct the inspection and proving of all pieces of ordnance, cannon balls, shells, and shot procured for the use of the Army of the United States, and to direct the construction of all carriages and every apparatus for ordnance for garrison and field service and all ammu- nition wagons, pontons, and traveling forges; also the direction of laboratories, the inspection and proving the public powder, and the preparing all kinds of amnninition for garrison and tield service, and shall, half yearly, examine all ordnance carriages, ammunition, and apparatus in the respective fortresses, magazines, and arsenals and cause the same to be preserved and kept in good order. Sec. (). That the commissary-general of ordnance shall execute all orders issued 1)y the Secretary for the Department of War in convey- ing all ordnance, anmuuiition, and apparatus to the respective armies, garrisons, magazines, and arsenals, and in time of war he shall execute all orders of any general othcer, connuanding in an ai'my or garrison, for the supply of ordnance, ammunition, carriages, pontons, forges, furnaces, or apparatus for garrison, tield. or siege service, and for- ward the same without dela}^ and in good condition. Sec. 7. That the conunissary-general of ordnance shall, half yearly, transmit to the Department of War a correct return of all ordnance, annnunition, military stores, and effects in the respective garrisons, arsenals, magazines, posts, and camps, with a f-tatement of their order, (juality, and condition; and also what may be necessary to keep up an ample supply of each and every article in the Ordnance Department, and shall in all things faithfully and Avithout delay execute the orders of the Secretary for the Department of War touching the same. Sec. 8. That the superintendents of military stores, keepers of mag- azines and arsenals, shall, half yearly, make correct returns to the com- missary-general of ordnance of all military stores that they respec- tively have in chai'ge; and that the assistant conmiissary-general of ordnance, the de])utv connnissaries, and assistant dejmties shall faith- fully and without delay execute all orders that shall be issued by the Secretary for the Department of War, the Connnanding General, in time of war, of an}^ corps, camp, or garrison, or of the commissary- S. Doc. 229 37 578 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. general of ordnance, in their respective departments, l)y virtue of this act. Sec. 9. That the commissary -general of ordnance shall make a cor- rect report of the artificers and laborers from time to time employed by him, and transmit the same to the Adjutant-General. * ■ * * Act of March J, 1813 {2 Stats., 816). AN ACT the better to provide for the supplies of the Army of the United States, and for the accountabihty of persons entrusted with the same. That the third section of the act entitled ''An act to provide for the erecting and repairing of arsenals and magaziiies, and for other pur- poses," passed on the second day of April, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four, be, and the same is hereby, repealed from and after the thirt3'-first day of March, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen. Sec. 2. [That the superintendent-general of militar}" supplies shall] prescribe the forms of all the returns and accounts of such stores and supplies purchased, on hand, distributed, used, or sold, to be rendered l)y the commissar}^ of ordnance and officers in his department. . . . Sec. 8. That . . . the commissary of ordnance, his assistants and deputies . . . Avho shall have received, or may be entrusted with any stores or supplies of any description whatever for the use of the Army of the United States, and of the volunteers or militia in their service, shall render quarterly accounts of the disposition and state of all such stores and supplies to the superintendent aforesaid, and shall also make such other returns respecting the same, and at such other times as the Secretary for the War Department may prescribe: Provided., however., That the accounts and returns thus rendered shall relate to the articles of supply only which may have been received and disposed of or as may remain on hand, and shall not embrace the spe- cie accounts for monies dis})ursed by such ofhcers . . . ; which specie accounts shall be rendered as heretofore to the accountant for the War Department. Sec. 4. That the officers . . . who may receive monies in advance from the ^^^ar Department shall render quarterly accounts to the accountant of the said Department of their specie recei})tsand dis- bursements, and shall, moreover, make such other monthly sunmiary statements thereof to the Secretary for the said Department as he may prescribe. . . . * * * Act of March 3, 1813' {2 Stat.s., 819). AN ACT for the better organization of the general staff of the Army of the United States. •X- * * Sec. 6. That the number of assistant deputy conmiissaries of ord- nance shall not exceed sixteen, and that they shall, respectively, be entitled to the ])revet rank and to the pay and emoluments of a tirst lieutenant of infantrv. 'The superintendent-general of military supplies, authorized to be appointed under tliis act, was not a staff officer but a civiUan witii a salary of $3,000 per annum, His duties were to keep i)r()per accounts of all military stores and supplies of every de- scription purchased for the Army, the voluutpers,"and the militia, and to prescribe forn)s of all the retui'ns aud accounts of such stores and supplies, etc. THE ORDNANCE DEFAKTMENT. 579 Sec. 11. That all letters and piickcts to and from the . . . com- missary-o-eneral of oi'diuuu'c . . . which relate to their official duties shall be free from postage. * * * Aef of Ami list 2, 1813 {3 StaU., 75). AN ACT supplementary to the act entitled "An act for the better regulation of the ordnance." That in addition to the present number allowed by law, as many deputy commissaries of ordnance may ])e appointed, not exceeding five, as the President of the United States shall deem necessary to the pub- lic service, who shall be entitled to the same rank, pay, emoluments, rations, and forage as are now provided by the act to which this is a supplement. Act of Mai'ch 30, 1 allowed three months' pay in addition to the pay and emoluments to which they may be entitled on that da.y. And none of the above-named officers, and no officers at the armories, of any grade whatever, shall hereafter receive emoluments of any kind, or any compensation or commutation beyond their stipulated pay in money, except quarters actually provided for and occupied by such officers. -X- " -X- * Sec. .5. That a competent person may be employed by the Ordnance Ikireau, under the direction of the Secretary of War, for such time HHC) LEGISLATIVE IIIHTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. iis may be necessary, to superintend the manufacture of iron ciinnon at the several foundries where such cannon may be made uiulcr con- tracts with th(^ United States, whose pay and emohunents shall not exceed those of a major of ordnance durino- the time he shall be so employed, to be paid out of the appropriations for armament of forti- fications; and for the services rendered in such superintendence since the first day of March, eighteen hundred and forty-one, under the authority of the War Department, the same compensation shall be allowed as herein provided. Act of June 18, IHJfi {9 Stats., 17). AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act providing the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 11. That the colonel or senior officer of the Ordnance Depart- ment is authorized to enlist, for the service of that department, as many master armorers, master carriag-e makers, master blacksmiths, art ilicers, armorers, carriage makers, blacksmiths, and laborers as the public s(n'vice, in his judgment, luider the directions of the Secretary for the Department of War, may require. Act of March 3, 181^7 {9 Stats., 1S4). AN ACT making provision for an additional number of general officers, and for other l)urposes. * * * Sec. 16. That the President of the United States be, and is hereby, authorized to add to the Ordnance Department, whenever he shall deem it expedient to increase the same, two captains and six first lieuten- ants, who shall b(^ entitled to receive the same pay and allowances as officers of those grades, respectively, now belongings to that depart- ment, to be disbanded at the close of the war. * * -X- Sec. 22. That all the officers appointed . . . under this act shall be discharged at the close of the w^ar with Mexico, except the officers of the ordnance authorized by the sixteenth section, . July JO, 1848 {9-246) . — Provisions of pension laws (-onstrued toapply to enlisted men of the Ordnance and other corps of the Army. Remlution of August 10, 181^8 (9 Stats., 3^0). .JOINT RESOLUTION concerning certain portions of the Marine and Ordnance Corps. That . . . the artificers and laborers of the Ordnance Corps serving in said war [Mexican war] be placed, in all respects, as to bounty land and other rcMuuneration, in addition to ordinary pay, on a footing with th(> officers, noiu'ommissioned ofticei's. privates, and nuisicians of the Army: Pt'orldcd, That this reiuuneration shall be in Tuui of prize money and all other extra allowances. * * * March 2, 1849 (9-418). — Arms and ammunition from the public stores may be issued to emigrants to the Territories of Oregon, (Jalifornia, or New Mexico. THE OKDNANCE DEJ'AKTMENT. 587 Act of March 3, ISJfi {9 Stats., 370). AN ACT inakinji a]ii)ropriatioiis for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one tliousand eight liundred and fifty. * * -X- Sec. 2. That the militaiy storekeeper at Watertown Arsenal, Massa- chusetts, be allowed, from this first day of October, eighteen hundred and forty-two, the same compensation as is authorized by the act of the twenty-third Auj^-ust, eitj^hteen hundred and forty-two, to be paid to the storekeepers at the Washington, Pittsburg, and Watervliet arsenals; . * * * Act of Septemher 28, 1850 (9 Stats., 50^). AN ACT making appropriations for tlie support of tlie Army for tlie year ending the tliirtieth of June, one tliousand eight hundred and fifty-one. * * * . . . That the principal assistant in the Ordnance Bureau of the War Department shall receive a compensation not less than that of the person employed at the foundaries, under the fifth section of the act approved twenty-third of August, eighteen hundred and forty-two, from and after the date thereof. Sec. 3. That the moneys which may be received by the proper officers of the Army for the sale of . . . military stores aiid other supplies be, and they are hereby, exempted from the operation of the act of the third of March, eighteen hundred and forty-nine, entitled "An act requiring all moneys received from the customs and all other sources to be paid into the Treasury without abatement or reduction." * * * Sec. 4. That the military storekeeper at Little Rock Arsenal, Arkansas, be allowed, from the first day or October, eighteen hundred and forty-two, to the twenty-fifth day of October, eighteen hundred and forty-nine, the same compensation as is authorized by the act of the twenty-third of August, eighteen hundred and forty-two, to ])e paid to the storekeepers at the Washington, Pittsburg, and Watervliet arsenals, . * * -x- March 3, 1851 (9-618). — Autliorizes erection of two powder magazines on tlie Jefferson Barracks reservation. Act of March 3, 1853 [10 Stats., 9Ali). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four. * * * Provided, That the salary of the military storekeepers of the Ordnance Department in Oregon, California, and New Mexico shall hereafter be $1,250 per annum. * * * . . . Provided, That from and after the first daj' of July next the act of Congress approved August twenty-third, eighteen hundred and fortv-two, be so modified that the President may, if in his opinion the public interest demands it, place over any of the armories a super- 588 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OK GENERAL STAFF OF IT. S. ARMY. inUMulent, who docs not belong- to tlic Army; . . . ; and the Soc- retaiy of War 1)0, and ho is hereby, authorized to al)olish such of the arsenals of the United States as in his judgment may l)e useless or unnecessary. Sec. 3. That the Secretary of War be directed to report to Congress whether in his opinion it would not be more economical, proper, and advisable to cause all the arms of the United States to be made by contract. * * * Sec. 9. That whenever any lieutenant of the . . . ordnance corps shall have served fourteen years' continuous service as lieuten- ant, he shall be promoted to the rank of captain: Provided^ That the whole number of officers in . . . said corps shall not be increased beyond the number now fixed by law: And provided further^ That no officer shall be promoted before those who rank him in his corps. Act of AugxiHt 5, 185 J^ {10 Stats., 576). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. . . . Provided., That so much of all laws heretofore passed which authorized the appointment of military officers to superintend the operations at the national armories be, and the same is hereby, repealed; and from and after the passage of this act it shall be the duty of the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint a competent and well-qualified civil- ian as superintendent at each of said armories. * * * March 3, 1S55 {10-635). — Compensation of the civil superintendents of national armories to l)e $2,500 without penjuisites or allowances of any kind, quarters excepted, section 7, annual distriljution of arms to the several States to be made according to nundjer of Senators and Kej)resentatives in Congress. A'ugiisf oO, j,s.')<; {11-147). — Erection authorized of suital»le magazines and other arsenal buildings in Texas, California, Washington or Oregon Territory, and New Mexico. Act of March 3, 1857 {11 Stats., 200). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and fifty-eight. * * * Sec. 3. That the master armorers at the national armories shall receive fifteen hundred dollars each per annum. Act of June 12, 1858 {11 Stats., 332). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Arniy for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and fifty-nine. * * * For the alteration of old arms so as to make them breech-loading arms, upon a model to be selected and approved by a board of ordnance officers . . . : Provided, That . . . not exceeding five thou- sand dollars may be expended under the direction of the Secretary of War, and at his discretion, in applying to the old or new arms any recent improvement in the mode of priming. * -;; * THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 589 Act ofJime 23, 1860 {12 Stats., 91). AN ACT making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of Government for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. * * * Sec. 3. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the departments of the Government, except for personal serv- ices, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of articles or performance of the service, shall be made by advertising a sufficient time previously for proposals respecting the same. When immediate delivery or performance is required by the public exigency, the articles or service required may l)e procured by open purchase or contract at the places and in the manner in which such articles are usually bought and sold or such services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be authorized by law, or be under an appropriation adequate to its ful- fillment, except in the War and Navy Departments, for clothing, sub- sistence, forage, fuel, quarters, or transportation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current 3'ear. No arms, nor military sitpplies whatever, which are of a patented invention, shall be purchased, nor the right of using or applying any patented invention, unless the same shall be authorized by law, and the appropriation therefor explicitly set forth that it is for such patented invention. Act of February 21, 1S61 {12 Stats., 14,7). AN ACT making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. * * * Sec. 5. That the third section of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the year ending the thirtieth of flune, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," approved June twenty-three, eighteen hun- dred and sixty, be, and the same is hereby, repealed, except so far as the said section prohibits the purchase of patented firearms, as to which the said section shall still be in force. * -X- * March 3, 1861 [12-208).— The St. Louis Arsenal to be removed to Jefferson Bar- racks. [This act was repealed by the act of February 20, 1865 (13-432).] Act of March 2, 1861 {12 Stats., 214). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. •X- * * Sec. 10. That all purchases and contracts for supplies or services in any of the Departments of the Government, except for personal services, when the public exigencies do not require the immediate delivery of the article or articles or performance of the service, shall be made ])v advertising a sutHciont time previously for proposals res})(H'ting the same. ^Vhen innnediato delivery or performance is recjuired by the public exigency, the articles or service required ma}' be procured by open purchase or contract at the place and in the manner in which such articles are usua^y bought and sold or such 590 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. services engaged between individuals. No contract or purchase shall hereafter be made unless the same be authorized by law or be under an appropriation adequate to its fultillment, except in the War . . . Departments, for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, ((uarters, or trans- portation, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. And the tliird section of the act entitled ""An act mak- ing appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the (Tovernment for the year ending the thirtieth [twenty-thirdj of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one," shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Juhi 10, 1861 {12-355). — Remits duties on arms imported between May 1, 1861, and January 1, 1862, on proof that they were intended for the use of the troops of any State aiding in suppressing the insurrection against the United States. Act of August 3, 1861 {12 Stats., 287). AN ACT providing for the better organization of tlie military establishment. * * * Sec. 3. . . . And there shall be added to the Ordnance Depart- ment of the United States Army, as now organized, one Chief of Ord- nance with the rank, pay, and emoluments of the Quartermaster-General of the Army; one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, and six second lieu- tenants; the field officers to be appointed by selection from the officers of the Army, and the second lieutenants from the graduates of the United States Military Academy by transfers from the engineers, or the topographical engineers, or the artillery. Act of August 6, 1861 {P2 Stats.. 317). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Engineer and Topographical Engineer Corps, and for other purjioses. * * * Sec. 5. That so much of the first section of the act approved August fifth, eighteen hundred and fifty-four, as authorizes the appointment of civilians to superintend the national armories be, and the same is hereby, repealed, and that the superintendents of these armories shall be appointed hereafter from officers of the Ordnance Department. June 2, 1862 {12-411). — Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc. , to secure uniformity in such instruments. Act of July 5, 1862 {12 Stats., 505). ANeACT making aitin-opriations for the support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen lumdred and sixty-three, and additional appropriations for the year ending the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 3. That the enlisted men of the Ordnance Department now designated as master workmen sliall hereafter be designated and mus- tered as sergeants; those now designated as armorers, carriage makers, and blacksmiths shall be designated and mustered as corporals; those THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 591 now designated as artificers shall ])e designated and mustered as privates of the first class, and those now designated as laborers shall be desig- nated and mustered as privates of the second class: Provided^ That the pay, rations, and clothing now authorized by law to the respective grades of enlisted ordnance men shall not be changed. * * * Act ofJidy lU 1862 {12 Stats., 537). AN ACT for the e8tal)Iishment of cei'tain national arsenals. That there shall ])e, and herel\v is, established a riational arsenal at Columbus, in the State of Ohio, at Indianapolis, in the State of Indiana, and on Rock Island, in the State of Illinois, for the deposit and repair of arms and other munitions of war. * * -x- Jiily 17, 1862 {13-594). — Contractors for arms, ammunition, etc., guilty of fraud to be subject to the rules and regulations governing the Army. This provision was extended by section 7 of the act of July 7, 1864 (13-394), to apply to their agents and all inspectors of military supplies. Act of Jidy n\ 1862 {12 Stats. , 597) . AN ACT to amend the act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the ITnion, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, approved Fel:)ruary twenty-eighth, seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the acts amendatory thereof, and for other purposes. * -K- -x- Sec. 10. . . . The senior officer of artillery in each army corps shall, in addition to his other duties, act as chief of artiller}^ and ord- nance at the headquarters of the corps. Act cif March 3, 1863 {12 Stats., 7^). AN ACT to promote the efficiency of the Corps of Engineers and of the Ordnance Department, and for other purposes. * * -X- Sec. 4. That there shall be added to the Ordnance Department one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, eight captains, eight first lieutenants, the additional officers herein autliorized to l)e appointed by promotion so far as the present officers of the Ordnance Corps will permit, and the residue to be appointed by transfers from other regiments or corps of the Ami}': Provided, That no officer of the Ordnance Department below the rank of a field officer shall be promoted or commissioned to a higher grade, nor shall any officer of the Army be connnissioned as an ordnance officer until he shall have passed a satisfactory examina- tio!i before a ))()ai'd of not less than three ordnance officers, senior to him in rank; and should such oflicer fail on such examination, he shall l)e suspended fi'om promotion or appointment for one year, when he may be reexamined before a like ])oard; and if, upon such second examination, an ordnance officer fail, he shall be dismissed from the service, and if an officer of the Ai'my he shall not be commissioned. -X- * -X- Sec. 12. That the increase of rank of officers and in the number of officers provided for in this act shall continue only during the exist- b{)2 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. ence of the present rebellion; and thereafter the several officers pro- moted under this act shall have the respective rank they would have had if this act had not passed, and the number shall be reduced by the President to the number authorized by law prior to the passage of this act. April 19, 1864 {13-50). — ^The Secretary of War was authorized to take and liold all the lands and shores of the island of Rock Island, Illinois, to be kept as a military reservation. (Note to July II, 1862, 12-537.) Act of July 28, 1866 {U Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and tix the military peace establishment of the United States. -X- * * Sec. 21. That the Ordnance Department of the Army shall consist of the same number of officers and enlisted men as now authorized b}^ law, and the officers shall be of the following" grades, viz: One briga- dier-general, three colonels, four lieutenant-colonels, ten majors, twenty captains, sixteen first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants, with the same pay and emoluments as now provided by law; and thir- teen ordnance storekeepers, of whom a number not exceeding six may be appointed and authorized to act as pa3anasters at armories and arsenals. The ordnance storekeeper and pa3'master at the national armory at Springfield shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a major of cavalry, and all other ordnance storekeepers shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of captains of cavalry, and two-thirds of the . . . ordnance storekeepers to be appointed under this . . . section of this act shall be selected from volunteer officers or soldiers who have performed meritorious service in the Army of the United States during the late rebellion. * * -X- Sec. 23. That the . . . Chief of Ordnance shall hereafter be appointed by selection from the corps to which they Ijclong. Act of March 2, 1867 (7^ Stats., J^si^B). AN ACT to provide for a temporary increase of the pay of otticers in the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 7. That (excepting the ordnance storekeeper and paymaster at the Springfield Armor}^, who has the rank, pay, and allowances of a major of cavalry) all storekeepers of the Army shall hereafter have the rank, pay, and allowances of captains of cavalry. * * * March 2, 1867 {14-487). — Section 3 authorizes a board of six ofht^ers (three from the Army) to determine by practical tests w^hat increase of strength or variation of form is necessary to enable our best stone forts to resist the heaviest guns. March 2, 1867 {14-571). — Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. March 24, 1868 {15-250). — Captured ordnance and implements maybe issued to the several national asylums for the purpose of firing salutes; also such small arms and equipments as may be necessary for guard duty. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 593 Resolution of July 20, 1868 {15 Stats., 259). JOINT RESOLUTION directing the Secretary of War to sell damaged or unservice- able arms, ordnance, and ordnance stores. That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized aud directed to cause to be sold, after offer at public sale on thirty days' notice, in such manner and at such times and places, at public or pri- \'ate sale, as he may deem most advantageous to the public interest, the old cannon, arms, and other ordnance stores now in possession of the War Department which are damaged or otherwise unsuitable for the United States military service, or for the militia of the United States, and to cause the net proceeds of such sales, after paying all proper expenses of sale and transportation to the place of sale, to be deposited in the Treasury of the United States. July 25, 1868 {15-187). — Sale of St. Louis Arsenal authorized. Act of March 3, 1869 {15 Stats., 315). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other purposes. * * « Sec. 6. That until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions ... in the Ordnance Depart- ment. May 4, 1870 (i6-575).— Authorizes issues of arms, etc., to certain colleges and universities. February 2, 1871 (i(5-5P5).— Bergen Heights Arsenal to be sold. Matf 15, 1872. — This act establishes rates of pay of enlisted men of the corps from and after July 1, 1872. (See sec. 1280, R. S. ) Mail 21, 1872 {17-138). — One thousand rifled muskets and 200,000 cartridges to be issue(i to the governor of Montana for distribution among settlers of the Gallatin Val- ley and other exposed localities. Act of June 6, 1872 {17 Stats., 258). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, and for other purposes. . . . Provided, That this appropriation [for experiments and tests of heavy-rifled ordnance] shall be applied to at least three models of heavy ordnance, to be designated by a board of officers to be appointed by the Secretary of War, which report shall include both classes, breex:h and muzzle loading cannon, and the powder and pro- jectiles necessary for testing the same shall be supplied from stores on hand. For constructing and testing Moffat's breech-loading field pieces, . . . ; and for testing James Crockefs graduating and accelerating cartridge, and for experimenting with patent metallic cartridge of Willis E. Moore, and other improvements in ammunition, . . . * * «• . . . Provided, That no part of this appropriation [manufacture of arms I shall be expended until a breech-loading system for muskets and carbines shall have been adopted for the military service upon the S. Doc. 229 38 594 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. recommendation of the board to be appointed by the Secretary of War, which board shall consist of not less than live officers, as follows: One general officer, one ordnance officer, and three officers of the line, one to be taken from the cavalry, one from the infantry, and one from the artillery: And provided fu'rtlier\ That the system when so adopted, shall be the only one to be used by the Ordnance Department in the manufacture of muskets and carbines for the military service; and no royalty shall be paid by the Government of the United States for the use of said patent to any of its officers or employees, or for any patent in which said officers or emploj^ees may be directly or indirectly interested. * * * June 10, 1872 [17-380). — Orders sale of the Rome, Champlain, North Carohna, Mount Vernon, and Apalachicola arsenals. March 3, 1873 {17-543). — Provides for experiments and tests of two Gatling guns of large caliber for flank defenses of fortifications, recommended for trial; also of any other systems for utilizing and improving the cast-iron guns now in service. Act of June 16, 187 Ji- {18 Stats., 7^). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending Jmie thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, and for other purposes. * * -X- . . . Provided, That no part of this sum shall be expended at said armories [national] in the perfection of patentable inventions in the manufacture of arms by officers of the Army otherwise compen- sated for their services to the United States. * * * June 22, 1874 [18-200). — Authorizes sale of obsolete ammunition, balls, and surplus of pig lead. Act of June "23, 187 If. {18 Stats., 2U)- AN ACT reorganizing the several staff corps of the Army. * * * Sec. 6. That the Ordnance Department shall consist of one Chief of Ordnance, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; three colonels, foiu" lieutenant-colonels, ten majors, twenty captains, sixteen first lieutenants; and all vacancies which may hereafter exist in the grade of first lieutenant in said department shall be filled by transfer from the line of the Army: Provided, That no appointment or promotion in said department shall hereafter be made luitil the officer or person so appointed or promoted shall have passed a satis- factory examination before a board of ordnance officers senior to himself. Sec. 6. That no officer now in service shall be reduced in rank or mustered out by reason of any provision of law herein made reducing the number of officers in any department or corps of the stafi". Sec. 7. That as vacancies shall occur in any of the grades of the Ordnance . . . departments, no appointments shall be made to fill the same until the numbers in such grade shall be reduced to the numbers which are fixed for permanent appointments by the pro- visions of this act, and thereafter the naml)er of permanent officers in said grades shall continue to conform to said reduced numbers, and all THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 595 other grades in said Ordnance , . . departments than those author- ized by the provisions of this act shall cease to exist as soon as the same shall become vacant by death, resignation, or otherwise; and no appointment or promotion shall hereafter be made to fill any vacancy which may occur therein. Sec. S. That so much of section six of an act entitled "An act making- appropriations for the support of the Army for the year end- ing- June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and for other pur- poses," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, as applies to the Ordnance . . . departments of the Army be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided., That this section repealing said section shall not apply to any of the grades of the Ordnance . . . departments which are omitted or abolished by the provisions of this act. March 3, 1875 {18-375). — Report to be made how many of the arsenals east of the Mississippi River can be sold without injury to the service; an officer of ordnance to be detailed as memlier of a board to conduct experiments in testing iron and steel. Mitrcli 3, 1875 {18-452) . — None of the money appropriated by this act for the ord- nance service shall be expended for the construction or repair of buildings. No money to be expended hereafter at national armories in the perfection of patentable inventions, by officers of the Army, in the manufacture of arms. March 3, 1875 {18-510). — Authorizes sale of the Detroit Arsenal. April 11, 1876 {19-32). — Authorizes sale of arsenal at Stonington, Conn. June 20, 1876 {19-59). — Authorizes sale of all obsolete and condemned projectiles for heavy ordnance. July 3, 1876 {19-214). — Superseded arms to be issued to Territories and border States for protection of citizens; amended by joint resolution of March 3, 18^7 (19-410), by adding "not to exceed 50 ball cartridges for each arm." Aucjud 15, 1876 {19-206). — State of Kansas to be credited for certain ordnance stores charged to it, but used by Government officials and never turned over to the State. J/rtV 16, 1878 {20-61). — Quota of States not to be diminished by the provision of joint resolution of July 3, 1876 (19-214). June 7, 1878 {20-252), — Additional arms to be issued to Territories for protection of their citizens. REVISED STATUTES, 2ND EDITION, 1878. * * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of — * * * An Ordnance Department. The enlisted men of the Ordnance Department. ■X- * * A[nJ ordnance sergeant . . . for each military post. -X- -x- * Sec. 1109. There shall be an ordnance sergeant for each military post, whose dut}' it shall be to take care of the ordnance, arms, ammu- nition, and other military stores at such post, under the direction of the conunanding officer, and according to regulations prescribed by tiie Secretary of War. Sec. 1110. Ordnance sergeants shall be selected by the Secretary of War from the sergeants of the line who shall have served faithfully foi- eight 3'ears, including four years in the grade of noncommissioned officer, and shall be assigned to their stations by him. 596 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 1159. The Ordnance Department of the Army shall consist of one Chief of Ordnance, with the rank of brigadier-general, three colonels, four lieutenant-colonels, ten majors, twenty captains, sixteen first lieutenants, ten second lieutenants, and thirteen ordnance store- keepers. The ordnance storekeeper at Springfield Armory shall have the rank of major of cavalry; all other ordnance storekeepers shall have the rank of captain of cavalry. Sec. 1160. No officer of the Army shall be commissioned as an ord- nance officer until he shall have been examined and approved ])y a board of not less than three ordnance officers, senior to him in rank. If an officer of the Army fail on such examination he shall be suspended from appointment for one year, when he may be reexamined before a like board. In case of failure on such reexamination, he shall not be commissioned as an ordnance officer. Sec. 1161. Any number, not exceeding six, of the ordnance store- keepers may be authorized to act as paymasters at armories and arsenals. Sec. 1162. The Chief of Ordnance may enlist as many sergeants of ordnance, corporals of ordnance, and first and second class privates of ordnance as the Secretary of War may direct. Master armorers, mas- ter carriage makers, and master blacksmiths shall be designated and mustered as sergeants; armorers, carriage makers, and blacksmiths shall be designated and mustered as corporals; artificers shall be desig- nated and mustered as privates of the first class, and laborers as privates of the second class. Sec. 1163. The Chief of Ordnance, subject to the approval of the Secretary of War, shall organize and detail to regiments, corps, or garrisons such numbers of ordnance enlisted men, furnished with proper tools, carriages, and apparatus, as may be necessary, and shall make regulations for their government. Sec. 1164. It shall be the duty of the Chief of Ordnance to furnish estimates, and, under the direction of the Secretary of War, to make contracts and purchases for procuring the necessary supplies of ord- nance and ordnance stores for the use of the armies of the United States; to direct the inspection and proving the same, and to direct the construction of all cannon and carriages, ammunition wagons, traveling forges, artificers' wagons, and of every implement and appa- ratus for ordnance, and the preparation of all kinds of ammunition and ordnance stores constructed or prepared for said service. Sec. 1165. The Chief of Ordnance, under the direction of the Sec- retary of Wai , may establish depots of ordnance and ordnance stores in such parts of the United States, and in such numbers, as ma}^ be deemed necessary. Sec. 1166. The Chief of Ordnance, or the senior officer of the corps for any district, shall execute all orders of the Secretary of War, and, in time of war, the orders of any general or field officer commanding an army, garrison, or detachment for the supply of all ordnance and ordnance stores for garrison, field, or siege service. Sec. 1167. The Chief of Ordnance shall, half yearly, or oftener if so directed, make a report to the Secretar}^ of War of all the officers, artificers, and laborers in his department of the service, and of all ordnance and ordnance stores under his control. Every officer of the Ordnance Department, every ordnance storekeeper, ever}^ post ord- nance sergeant, each keeper of magazines, arsenals, and armories, every assistant and deputy of such, and all other officers, agent, or THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 597 persons who shall have received or may be entrusted with any stores or supplies, shall quarterly, or oftener, if so directed, and in such manner and on such forms as may be directed or prescribed by the Chief of Ordnance, make true and correct returns to the Chief of Ord- nance of all ordnance arms, ordnance stores, and all other supplies and property of every kind received by or entrusted to them and each of them^ or which may in any manner come into their and each of their possession or charge. The Chief of Ordnance, subject to the approval of the Secretary of War, is hereby authorized and directed to draw up and enforce in his department a system of rules and regu- lations for tho government of the Ordnance Department, and of all persons in said department, and for the safe-keeping and preservation of all ordnance property of every kind, and to direct and prescribe the time, number, and forms of all returns and reports, and to enforce compliance therewith. * * * Sec. 1191. . . . all storekeepers shall, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices, give good and sufficient bonds to the United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faith- fulh^ to account for all public moneys and property which they may receive. The President may at any time increase the sums so pre- scribed. . . . * • * * Sec. 1193. The . . . Chief of Ordnance . . . shall be appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong. Sec. 1194. Until otherwise directed by law there shall be no new appointments and no promotions in the . . . Ordnance . . . ■ departments. * * * Sec. 1207. When any lieutenant of the . . . Ordnance Corps has served fourteen years' continuous service as lieutenant, he shall be promoted to the rank of captain, on passing the examination pro- vided by the preceding section, but such promotion shall not authorize an appointment to till any vacancy when such appointment would increase the whole number of officers in the corps beyond the number fixed by law; nor shall any officer be promoted before officers of the same grade who rank him in his corps. Sec. 1208. When promotions in the Ordnance Department of the Army are allowed by law, no officer of the corps below the rank of field officer shall be promoted to a higher grade until he shall have been examined and approved by a lioard of not less than three oi*d- nance officers senior to him in rank. If an ordnance officer fail on such examination, he shall be suspended from promotion for one year, when he shall be reexamined before a like board. In case of failure on such reexamination, he shall be dismissed from the service. vr -X- * Sec. 1220. Every officer commanding a regiment, corps, garrison, or detachment shall make, once every two months, or oftener if so directed, a report to the Chief of Ordnance, stating all damages to arms, equipments, and implements belonging to his command, noting those occasioned ])y negligence or abuse, and naming the officer or sol- dier by whose negligence or abuse the said damages were occasioned. 598 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any military stores which, upon proper inspection and survey, appear to be damaged or unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be made by officers designated by the Secretary of War, and the sales shall be made under the regulations prescribed by him. -» * * Sec. 1279. . . . The principal assistant in the Ordnance Bureau shall receive a compensation, including pay and emoluments, not exceeding that of a major of ordnance. Sec. 1280, The monthly pay of the following enlisted men of the Army shall, during their iirst term of enlistment, be as follows, with the contingent additions thereto hereinafter provided: * * * Ordnance sergeants of posts, thirty-four dollars. * * * Sergeants of . . . ordnance, thirty-four dollars. Corporals of . . . ordnance, twentv dollars. ■X- -x- * Privates (first class) of . . . ordnance, seventeen dollars. Privates (second class) of . . . ordnance, thirteen dollars. ■X- * -X- Section 1281 adds $1 per month for each of the third, fourtli, and fifth year of first enlistment, and section 1282 fixes pay of men reenlisting at rate of third year of first term. * -X- -X- Sec. 1293. Sergeants and corporals of ordnance shall be entitled to receive one ration and a half daily. Other enli.sted men shall be enti- tled to receive one ration daily. -X- ■X- * Sec. 1297. No allowance of clothing shall be made to sergeants of ordnance. ■X- -X- * Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any articles of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage to he charged against the officer responsible, unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. ■X- -x- * Sec. 1662. At each arsenal there shall be established a national, armory, in which there shall be employed one superintendent, who shall be an officer of the Ordnance Department, to be designated by the President; one master armorer, who shall be appointed by the President, and as many workmen as the Secretary of War may from time to time deem necessary. Sec. 1663. The ordnance officer iu charge of any national armory shall receive no compensation other than his regular pay as an officer of the corps; the master armorers shall receive fifteen hundred dollars per aniuun each; the inspectors and clerks each eight hundred dollars per anmuu, except the clerks of the armory at Springfield, Massa- chusetts, who may receive, at the discretion of the Secretary' of War, twelve hundred dollars per annum. Sec. 1661. The several compensations fixed by the preceding section for master armorers and inspectors shajl he paid quarter 3'early. All militar}' storekeepers and paymasters shall gi\e bond and security for THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 599 the faithful discharge of their duties, in such sums as ma,y be prescribed by the Secretary of War. Sec. 1665. An annual account of the expenses of the national armories shall be laid before Congress, together with an account of the arms made and repaired therein. Sec. 1666. The Secretary of War is authorized to al)olish such of the arsenals of the United States as, in his judgment, may be useless or unnecessary. * * * Sec. 1672. The breech-loading system for muskets and carbines adopted bj' the Secretary of War, known as "the Springfield breech-loading system," is the only system to be used by the Ordnance Department in the manufacture of muskets and carbines for the military service. Sec. 1673. No royalty shall be paid by the United States to any one of its officers or employees for the use of any patent for the system, or any part thereof, mentioned in the preceding section, nor for any such patent in which said officers or employees may be directly or indirectly interested. * -x- * Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to api)ly to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. -X- -X- * Sec. 3714. All purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the military . . . service shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officers of the Department of War. . . . And all agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper depart- ment for which such supplies or services are required, subject, never- theless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasury. * * * Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States shall be made unless the same is authorized by law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment. . . . * * * Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers, appointed by him to make con- tracts, wath a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. * * * STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 2S, 1878 (20 Stats., 31). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and for other works of defence, and for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hun- dred and seventy-nine, and for other purposes. * * * . . . Provided., That the money herein appropriated for torpe- does shall only be used in the establishment and maintenance of tor- pedoes to l^e operated from shore stations for the destruction of an enemy's vessel approaching the shore or entering the channel and fair- ways of harbors. June 23, 1879 {21-30). — None of the money appropriated for the ordnance service shall be expended for any use not strictly connected with the military service of the Government, this restriction to apply to the use of public animals, forage, and vehicles. 600 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. December 19, 1879 {21-299). — Authorizes lease of buildings, etc., of the Charleston Arsenal. January 7, 1881 {21-314)- — Authorizes purchase of land to enlarge the San Antonio Arsenal. March 3, 1881 {21-468). — Two ordnance officers to be detailed as members of a board to examine all inventions of heavy ordnance and improvements of heavy ordnance and projectiles that may be presented to it. Secretary of War authorized to exchange the unserviceable and unsuitable powder and shot on hand for new powder and projectiles, or to sell the same and purchase similar articles with the proceeds of the sales. Act of May i, 1882 {22 Stats., 52). AN ACT to authorize the appointment of an ordnance storekeeper in the Anny. That the President is hereby authorized to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint an ordnance store- keeper in the Ordnance Department of the Army, and all laws incon- sistent therewith are hereby suspended for the purposes of this act only: Provided^ That prior to his appointment he shall have passed a satisfactory examination before a board of ordnance officers. May 19, 1882 {22-93). — Two heavy guns and four mortars may be issued, on the requisition of the governor of a State bordering on the sea and Gulf coast, and a suitable battery for these cannon to be constructed, for instruction and practice of the militia in heavy artillery drill: Provided, The State has a permanent camping ground for the encampment of the militia not less than six days annually. Act of June 30, 1882 (22 Stats., 117). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. * «• * United States testmg machine. . . . A7id provided further, That in making tests for private citizens the officer in charge may require pa3'ment in advance, and may use the funds so received in making such private tests, making full report thereof to the Chief of Ordnance; and the Chief of Ordnance shall give attention to such pro- gramme of tests as may be submitted by the American Society of Civil Engineers; and the records of such tests shall be furnished said society, to be by them published at their own expense. «• % * August 5, 1882 {22-299). — Master armorer at the Springfield Armory to perform the duties of master machinist and his pay increased 1 1,000 per annum. Act of July 5, 1884, {^3 Stats., 158). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defence, and for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hun- dred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 2. That hereafter all rifled cannon of any particular material, caliber, or kind made at the cost of the United States shall be publicly subjected to the proper test, including such rapid tiring as a like gun would be likel}^ to be subjected to in actual battle, for the determination of the endurance of the same to the satisfaction of the President of the United States or such persons as he may select; and he is hereby author- ized to select not to exceed live persons, who shall be skilled in such THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 601 matters; and if such guns shall not prove satisfactory they shall not he put to use in the Government service. Sec. 3. That the Secretary of War . . . are hereby authorized to sell to projectors of methods of conversion, for experimental pur- poses only, any smooth-bore cannon on hand required by them, at prices which shall not be less than have been received from auction sales for such articles, and deliver the same, at the cost of the Government, at the nearest convenient place for shipment or public transportation, the cost of delivery to be deducted from the proceeds of sales, and the bal- ance to be covered into the Treasury of the United States. Act of March -^ 1885 {23 Stats. ^ J^3Ii). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and otlier works of defence, and for the armament thereof, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hun- dred and eighty-six, and for other purposes. And the President of the United States shall appoint a board, of which the Secretary of War shall be a member and president, to be composed of . . . two [officers] from the Ordnance Corps, . . . which board shall examine and report at what ports fortifications or other defences are most urgently required, the character and kind of defences best adapted for each, with reference to armament, the utili- zation of torpedoes, mines, or other defensive appliances. For the purchase of movable submarine torpedoes propelled and controlled by power operated and transmitted from shore stations as may be recommended by the Board of Engineers of the Army of the United States and approved Ijy the Secretar}'^ of War. ... * * * For the armament of seacoast fortifications, including the manufac- ture of heavy guns and carriages; for the constructing and testing experimental gun carriages; for the purchase and manufacture of a multi-charge gun and testing same; for projectiles, gun loaders, fuses, powder, and implements, their trial and pi'oof. . . . And not exceeding fifteen thousand dollars thereof may be used for the expenses of experiments in the use of dynamite or other high-explosive pro- jectiles. And no type of gun shall be purchased until thoroughly tested and found to conform to the requirements of this act. Act of May 7, 1888 {25 Stats.. 107). AN ACT to authorize the construction of an arsenal for the repair, storage, and dis- tribution or ordnance and ordnance stores for the use of the Government of the United States at Columbia, Tennessee. [Appropriates $200,000] ; and the construction and control of said arsenal shall be under the direction of the Secretary of War: Provided., That without cost to the United States a sulficient quantity of land accepted as suitable and adequate for such arsenal by the Secretar}^ of War, and not less than fifty acres. Is conveyed in fee to the United States. . . . 002 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of Septemher ^^, 1888 {^5 Stats.. 1^8 T). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and for other purposes. -X- -x- * . . . Provided further, That the cost to the Ordnance Department of all ordnance and ordnance .stores issued to the States, Territories, and District of Columbia, under the act of February twelfth, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, shall be credited to the appropriation for " manufacture of arms at national armories." . March 2, 1889 {25-825). — Board of Ordnance and Fortification to examine and report upon a site or sites for ordnance testing and proving ground. Makes an appro- priation for the construction of a counterpoise battery to mount a seacoast rifle gun, to be located at point selected by the Board of Ordnance and Fortification and erected by the inventor under tlie general direction of the Board; gun to l)e mounted thereon, with its fittings, to be furnished by the Ordnance Department of the Navy. August 18, 1890 {26-315). — Board of three'officers, one of engineers, one of artillery, and one of ordnance, not below rank of lieutenant-colonel, to inquire into the facili- ties for producing steel forgings for high-power guns at or near the Pacific coast, in the vicinity of the Rock Island Arsenal, the Indianapolis Arsenal, and at some point on or near the Gulf coast; also as to the advisability of erecting at those points gun factories for finishing and assembling high-power guns. Secretary of War authorized to contract for twenty-five 8-inch, fifty 10-inch, and twenty-five 12-inch breech-loading single-charge steel guns. Last paragraph of act of March 2, 1889 (25-825), amended to authorize the use of a 6-inch breech-loading cannon of new pattern in the test of the counterpoise battery. Act of September 22, 1888 {25 Stats., 4^9). AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and for other purposes. That the appropriations hereinafter provided for shall be available until expended and shall be expended under the direct supervision of a board to consist of the Commanding- General of the Army, an officer of engineers, an officer of ordnance, and an officer of artillery, to be selected by the Secretary of War, to be called and known as the Board of Ordnance and Fortifications. . . . -X- -X- -X- Sec. 4. For the erection, purchase, or manufacture of the necessary buildings and other structures, machinery, tools, and fixtures for an army gun factory for finishing and assembling heavy ordnance, to be erected at the Watervliet Arsenal, West Troy, New York, seven hun- dred thousand dollars: Provided , That not exceeding twenty thousand dollars of this siuii may be used for the erection and completion of two sets of officers' quarters. Act of July 16, 1892' (27 Stats., 174). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and for other purposes. * -X- " * ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. * * * . . . Provided, That if the Secretary of War shall, upon the report of the small-arms board how in session, adopt a new rifle or 1 Sergeants of ordnance to receive the same allowance of clothing as other sergeants in like staff departments. THE OKDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 603 system for rifles for the military service, or for trial with a view to such adoption, then this appropriation [$400,000] for manufacture of arms at the national armories shall be available for the procurement of such arms: l^rovidcd fartJier^ That purchases may be made in open market, in the manner common among- l)usiness men, when the aggre- gate of the purchase does not exceed two hundred dollars. . . . * * * July 23, 1892 (27-257). — Authorizes the appointment of a board of army and naval officers to report what, in their opinion, is the most available site on the Pacific coast or on the rivers and waters thereof, for the erection of a plant for finishing and assem- bling the parts of heavy gmis and other ordnance for the use of the Army and Navy. Act of July 9.7, 1892 {27 Stats-., 276). AN ACT amending the act of October first, eighteen hundred and ninety, entitled "An act to provide for the examination of certain officers of the Army and to regulate promotions therein." * -x- -x- Sec. 2. That the examination of oflicers of the . . . Ordnance Department who were officers or enlisted men in the regular or vol- unteer service, either in the Army, Navy, or the Marine Corps, during' the war of the rebellion, shall be conducted by boards composed in the same manner as for the examination of other officers of their respective corps and department; and the examination shall embrace the same subjects prescribed for all other officers of similar grades in the . . . Ordnance Departmsnt, respectively. July 27, 1892 (27-276). — Specimens of arms, projectiles, etc., used in the battle of Gettysburg to be delivered to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. February 27, 1893 (27-478). — No part of appropriation for the manufacture of arms at the national armories shall be expended for the manufacture of magazine rifles of foreign invention until the examination of similar arms of American invention pre- sented within the next thirty days shall have been tested. Act of March 29, 189 J^ (J38 Stats., ^7). AN ACT to regulate the making of property returns by officers of the Government. That instead of forwarding to the accounting officers of theTreasur}^ Department returns of public propert}^ intrusted to the possession of officers or agents, . . . the Chief of Ordnance, . . . shall certif}^ to the proper accounting officer of the Treasury Department, for debiting on the proper account, any charge against any officer or agent intrusted with public propert}^ arising from any loss, accruing by his fault, to the Government as to the property so intrusted to him. * -x- * August 6, 1894 (28-233). — Appropriation in this act for manufacture of arms appli- cable to the manufacture of the magazine arm recommended by the board. Pur- chases not exceeding $200 may be made in open market. Mnrch 2, 1895 (28-764). — Abolishes section 229, Revised Statutes, requiring annual statement of contracts for supplies and services. Act of June 6, 1896 (29 Stats., 256).' AN ACT making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and for other purposes. * -x- * Annament and fm'tif cations: . . . And the ordnance storekeeper now on duty in Washington as disl)ursing officer and assistant to the 004 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Chief of Ordnance, United States Army, shall hereafter have the rank of major. * * * June 11, 1896 {29-413) . — No patented impact testing machine to be erected at the Watertown Arsenal, Mass., miless the patentee shall first authorize its use by the Gov- ernment without compensation. March 3, 1897 {29-641). — No contract for oil-tempered and annealed steel for high- power coast-defense guns and mortars to be made at a price exceeding 23 cents per pound. Resolution of April 1, 1898 {30 Stats., 737). JOINT RESOLUTION providing for the temporary admission free of duty of naval and military supplies procured abroad. That such guns, ammunition, and other . . , military supplies as may be purchased abroad by this Government for the national defense prior to January lif th, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, shall be admitted at any port of entry in the United States free of duty. May 7, 1898 {30-400). — Part of appropriation for the armament of fortifications may be used for the purchase of material for steel- wire seacoast guns. May 18, 1898 {30-419). — Arms, ammunition, etc., may be issued to the Cuban people. June 7, 1898 (,?C-455).— Authorizes the Bureau of Ordnance to purchase or make contracts for such ordnance and ordnance stores as are neetled for immediate use. The act of March 3, 1899 (30-1350) imits above authoritv to March 1, 1900. Again extended to June 30, 1901, by act of February 24, 1900 (31—). Act of July 7, 1898 {30 Stats., pS). AN ACT to suspend the operations of certain provisions of law relating to the War Department, and for other purposes. * * -X- That during the existing war the Bureau of Ordnance of the War Department is authorized to purchase without advertisement such ord- nance and ordnance stores as are needed for immediate use, and when such ordnance and ordnance stores are to be manufactured, then to make contracts without advertisement for such stores, to be delivered as rapidly as manufactured. Act of July 7, 1898 {30 Stats., 720). AN ACT to increase the force of the Ordnance Department. That section five of an act entitled "An act organizing the several stall' corps of the Army." approved fJune twenty-third, eighteen hun- dred and seventy-four, be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to read as follows : "Sec. 5. The Ordnance Department shall consist of one Chief of Ordnance, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier-general; four colonels, five lieutenant-colonels, twelve majors, twenty-four captains, and twenty first lieutenants. "A chief ordnance ofiicer may be assigned to the staft' of an army or a corps commander, and while so assigned shall have the rank, pay, and allowance of a lieutenant-colonel. A chief ordnance officer maj^ be assigned to tlie stall' of a division commander, and while so assigned shall have the rank, pay, and allowances of a major." THE OEDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 605 Act of March 2, 1899 {30 Stats., 977). AN ACT for increasing the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. That from and after the date of approval of this act the Army of the United States sliall consist of . . . an Ordnance Department. . . . Provided, That when a vacanc}' shall occur through death, retirement, or other separation from active service in the office of store- keeper in the . . . Ordnance Department . . , now provided by law, said office shall cease to exist. * * * Sec. 7. That the . . . Ordnance Department . . . shall consist of the officers and enlisted men now provided by law. . . . Act of March 3, 1899' {.30 Stats., 106 J^). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Eegular and Volunteer Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred. * * * Ordnance, ordnance stores, and suppli&i: . . . Provided, The Chief of Ordnance is authorized to issue such obsolete or condemned ordnance, gun carriages, and ordnance stores as may be needed for ornamental purposes to the Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, the Homes to pay for transportation and such other expenses as are necessary. * * * March 3, 1899 {30-1350).— \]ni\\ March 1, 1900, Bureau of Ordnance may make purchases and contracts without advertisement; suspends provisions of law relative to payment of employees. February 24, 1900 {31- ). — Provisions of act of March 3, 1899, extended until June 30, 1901; war material may be purchased abroad and admitted free of duty. May 26, 1900 {31- ). — Authorizes issue of obsolete or condemned ordnance gun carriages and ordnance stores to Homes for Disabled Volunteers for ornamental pur- poses, the Homes to pay transportation. Act of February 2, 1901 {31 Stats., —). AN ACT to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States. That from and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States . . . shall consist of . . . an Ordnance Department . . . Provided, That when a vacancy shall occur through death, retirement, or other separation from active service in the office of storekeeper, now provided for by law in the . . . Ordnance Department . . . said office shall cease to exist. -X- -X- * Sec. 23. That the Ordnance Department shall consist of one Chief of Ordnance with the rank of brigadier-general, four colonels, six lieutenant-colonels, twelve majors, twenty-four captains, and twenty- ^ Authorizes replacement of the ordnance and ordnance stores which volunteers carried into the service of the United States during the war with Spain and which have been retained by the Government. 606 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. four first lieutenants, the ordnance storekeeper, and the enlisted men, including' ordnance sergeants, as now authorized by law. All vacancies created or caused by this section shall, as far as possible, be filled by promotion according to seniority as now prescribed by law. * -X- -X- Sec. 26. That so long as there remain any officers holding perma- nent appointments in the . . . Ordnance Department, . . . including those appointed to orig'inal vacancies in the grades of captain and first lieutenant under the provisions of sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty-one, and twenty-four of this act, they shall be promoted according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be filled by such promotions or to the periods for which the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments, and when any vacancy, except that of the chief of the department or corps, shall occur which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section it shall be filled ])y detail from the line of the Army, and no more permanent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps after the original vacancies created liy this act shall have been filled. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist, under such system of examination as the President ma}^ from time to time prescribe. All officers so detailed shall serve for a period of four years, at the expiration of which time they shall return to dut}^ with the line, and officers below the rank of lieutenant-colonel shall not again be eligible for selection in any staff' department until they shall have served two years with the line. That when vacancies shall occur in the position of chief of any staff corps or department the President may appoint to such vacancies, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, officers of the Army at large not below the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and who shall hold office for terms of four j^ears. When a vacancy in the position of chief of any staff" corps or department is filled by the appointment of an officer below the rank now provided b}^ law for said office, said chief shall, while so serving, have the same rank, pay, and allowances now pro- vided for the chief of such corps or department. And any officer now holding office in any corps or department who shall hereafter serve as chief of a staff' corps or department and shall subsequently be retired, shall be retired with the rank, pa}^ and allowances authorized by law for the retirement of such corps or department chief: Provided, That so long as there remain in service officers of any staff corps or depart- ment holding permanent appointments the chief of such staff' corps or department shall l)e selected from the officers so remaining therein. Sec. 27. That each position vacated by officers of the line, trans- ferred to any department of the staff' for tours of service under this act, shall be filled by promotion in the line until the total number detailed equals the number authorized for duty in each staff' depart- ment. Thereafter vacancies caused b}^ details from the line to the staff shall be filled by officers returning from tours of staff' duty. If under the operation of this act the number of officers returned to any particular arm of the service at any time exceeds the number authorized by law in any grade, promotions to that grade shall cease until the number has been reduced to that authorized. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. 607 Act of March 3, IDOl {31 Stats., —). AN ACT making appropriation for the support of the Army for the year ending Jnne thirtieth, nineteen hunih-ed and two. * -X- * Provided, That no part of the ap):)ro])riations made for the Ordnance Department shall Ix^ used in i)ayment of freight charges on ordnance or ordnance stores issued by said department. XI -THE SIGNAL CORPS. S. Doc. 22t( 39 609 THE SIGNAL CORPS. The Signal Corps owes its origin to Maj. Albert J. Myer, who entered the Army in 1854 as an assistant surgeon, and whose active interest in sign language was manifested by its development, in 1856, into a system of signal communication which, attracting at tirst little or no attention, was two years later submitted to a military board con- vened for its consideration. It was not, however, until June 21, 1860, that Congress authorized the addition to the staff of the Army of one signal officer, with the rank and pay of a major of cavalry. The "Signal Corps" was organized by the act of March 3, 1863. June 27, I860.— Maj. Albert J. Myer (New York), Signal Officer. Mar. 3, 1863.— Col. Albert J. Myer (New York), Chief Signal Officer. Dec. 3, 1864. — Col. (Bvt. Brig. Gen.) Benjamin F. Fisher (Pennsylvania). July 28, 1866.— Col. (Brig. Gen., June 16, 1880) Albert J. Myer (New York). Dec. 15, 1880.— Brig. Gen. William B. Hazen (Ohio). Mar. 3, 1887. — Brig. Gen. Adolphus W. Greely (Louisiana). Note. — Colonel Myer was relieved from the command of the Corps November 10, 1S63, and ordered to the Mississippi. He turned over the Bureau to Lieut. Col. William J. L. Nicodemus (Maryland) . 611 THE SIGNAL (ORPS. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of June 31, ISGO {12 SU/f.s., 6/,). AN ACT making appropriations fur tlie support of the Army for the year ending the thirtieth of Jnne, one thousand eiglit hundred and sixty-one. . . . That there be added to the stafl' of the Arni}'^ one signal officer, with the rank, pay, and allowances of a major of cavalry, who shall have charge, under the direction of the Secretar}^ of War, of all signal diit}^ and of all books, papers, and apparatus connected therewith. * * * February 22, 1862 [12-344)- — Officers detailed as signal officers to receive, during such service, pay, etc., of cavalry officeivs of their respective grades. June 2, 1862 {12-411). — Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. Act of March 3, 18G3 (12 Stats., 7U)- AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and for the year ending the 30 (th) of June, 1863, and for other purposes. * * * Sec. 17. That the Signal Corps of the Army shall, during the pres- ent rebellion, be organized as follows: There shall be one Chief Signal Officer, a colonel, who shall be Signal Officer of the Army; one lieuten- ant-colonel; two majors, who shall be inspectors; and for each army corps or militarj^ department there shall be one captain and as many lieutenants, not exceeding eight, as the President may deem necessary, to be appointed b}^ the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who shall receive the pay and emoluments of cavalry officers of similar grades; and for each officer of the Signal Corps there may be enlisted or detailed one sergeant and six privates, who shall receive the pay of similar grades of engineer soldiers: Proirided, That no officer or enlisted man shall be allowed to serve in the Signal Corps until he shall have been examined and approved by a military board, to be convened for that purpose hy the Secretarj' of War. Sec. 18. That the officers and enlisted men herein provided for shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War. They may be mounted upon horses, the property of the United States, and shall serve in any militarv department or with any forces to which they 013 614 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. may be ordered. And officers of the Army who may be appointed in this corps may, after the rebellion, be restored to their respective regiments or corps and receive the same rank and promotion as if they had continued to serve therein. Sec. 19. That ... in selecting officers and men for the organ- ization of the Signal Corps, as herein provided, preference shall be given to such as have served faithfull}^ or as are now serving in the acting Signal Corps of the Army. Sec. 20. That, in order to allow time for their thorough examina- tion, the President may appoint the officers authorized by this act during the recess of Congress, which appointments shall be submitted to the Senate at their next session for their advice and consent. Act of July 28, 1866 {11^ Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. Sec. 22. That there shall be one Chief Signal Officer of the Army, who shall have the rank, pay, and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry, and the Secretary of War have power to detail six officers and not to exceed one hundred noncommissioned officers and privates from the Battalion of Engineers for the performance of signal duty; but no offi- cer or enlisted man shall be so detailed until he shall have been exam- ined and approved by a military board, to be convened by the Secretary of War for that purpose; and enlisted meu, while so detailed, shall, when deemed necessary, be mounted upon horses provided by the Government. * -X- -55- February 18, 1867 (14-395). — The ofiicers and men of the Signal Corps who per- formed duty on the fleet under Admiral Farragut in the action in Mobile Bay, August 5, 1864, to receive such sums, as prize money, as will be equal to what has been allowed to officers and sailors of the Navy of corresponding rank. Resolution of February ,9, 1870 {16 Stats., 369). That the Secretary of War be, and he hereby is, authorized and required to provide for taking meteorological observations at the mili- tary stations in the interior of the continent and at other points in the States and Territories of the United States, and for giving notice on the northern lakes and on the seacoast, by magnetic telegraph and marine signals, of the approach and force of storms. Act of June 10, 1872 {17 Stats., 3P). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen huudj-ed and seventy-three, and for other purposes. * * x- . . . That the Secretary of War be, and he hereb}^ is, authorized and required to provide, in the system of observations and reports in charge of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, for such stations, reports, and signals as may be found necessary for the benefit of agricultural and connnercial interests. . . . THE SIGNAL CORPS. 615 Act of March 3, 1873 {17 Stats., 510). AN ACT making apj:)ropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, and for other purposes. * * * . . . That the Secretary of War be, and hereby is, authorized to establish signal stations at light-houses at such of the life-saving sta- tions on the lake or sea coasts as may be suitably located for that pur- pose, and to connect the same with such points as maj^ be necessar}^ for the proper discharge of the signal service b}^ means of a suitable telegraph line in cases where no telegraph lines are in operation, to be constructed, maintained, and worked under the direction of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army or the vSecretary of War and the Secre- tary of the Treasury; and the use of the life-saving stations as signal stations shall be subject to such regulations as may be agreed upon b}^ said officials. . . . ■X- * * . . . That the Chief Signal Officer may cause to be sold any sur- plus maps or publications of the Signal Office, the money received therefor to be applied towards defraying the expenses of the Signal Service, an account of the same to be rendered in each annual report of the Chief of the Signal Service. Act of March 3, 1876 {18 Stats., 371). AN ACT making ai^propriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and for other purposes. * -x- ■;:■ . . . And a full report of the receipts and expenditures in con- nection with the said telegraph lines [on the Indian and Mexican fron- tiers and for the connection of military posts and stations, for the better protection of immigration and the frontier settlements from depredations, especially in the State of Texas, the Territories of New Mexico, Arizona, and the Indian Territory] shall be made quarterly to the Secretar}^ of War through the Chief Signal Officer. And the Chief Signal Officer shall have the charge and control of said lines of tele- graph in the construction, repair, and operation of the same. Act of July U, 1876 {19 Stats., 97). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and for other purposes. * -X- * . . . Nothing, however, in this act shall be construed to prevent enlistments for the Signal Service, w^hich shall hereafter be maintained as now organized, and as provided by law wnth a force of enlisted men not exceeding four hundred after present terms of enlistment have expired. * vr * 616 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. REVISED STATUTES, 2ND EDITION, 1878. * * * Sec. 221. The Secretary of War shall provide for taking meteoro- logical observations at the military stations in the interior of the con- tinent and at other points in the States and Territories, and for giving notice on the northern lakes and seacoast, by magnetic telegraph and marine signals, of the approach and force of storms. Sec. 222. The Secretary of War shall provide, in the system of observations and reports in charge of the Chief Signal Officer of the Arm}^ for such stations, reports, and signals as maj^ be found necessary for the benefit of agriculture and commerce. Sec. 223. The Secretary of War is authorized to establish signal stations at light-houses and at such of the life-saving stations on the lake or sea coast as may be suitably located for that purpose, and to connect the same with such points as ma}" be necessar}^ for the proper discharge of the signal service ])y means of a suitable telegraph line in cases where no lines are in operation, to be constructed, maintained, and worked under the direction of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army or the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Treasury; and the use of the life-saving stations as signal stations shall be subject to such regulations as may be agreed upon by said officials. •X- * -X- Sec. 227. The Chief Signal Officer may cause to be sold anj" surplus maps or publications of the Signal Office, the money received therefor to be applied toward defraying the expenses of the Signal Service, and an account of the same shall be rendered in each annual report of the Chief of the Signal Service. * * * Sec. 1094. The Army of the United States shall consist of — * * * A Chief Signal Officer. -X- * * Sec. 1195. There shall be one Chief Signal Officer, with the rank of colonel of cavalry, who shall have charge, under the direction of the Secretary of War, of all signal duty, and of all books, papers, and apparatus connected therewith. Sec. 1196. The Secretary of War ma}" detail six officers from the Corps of Engineers, and any number of noncommissioned officers and privates, not exceeding one hundred, from the battalion of engineers, for the performance of signal duty; but no officer or enlisted man shall be so detailed until he shall have been examined and approved by a military board convened by the Secretary of War. Sec. 1197. Enlisted men detailed for signal duty shall, when it is deemed necessary, be mounted on horses provided by the Government. * * -x- Sec. 1241. The President may cause to be sold any militarv stores which, upon proper inspection or survey, appear to be damaged or unsuitable for the public service. Such inspection or survey shall be made by officers designated by the Secretary of War, and the sales shall be made under regulations prescribed by him. THE SIGNAL CORPS. 617 Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies, or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage, to be charged again.'it the responsible ofticer unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was nut occasioned by any fault on his part. ■/: * -x- Sec. 3714. All purchases and coutracts for supplies or services for the military . . , service shall be made by or under the direction of the chief officers of the Department of War, . . . and all agents or contractors for supplies or service as aforesaid shall render their accounts for settlement to the accountant of the proper depart- ment for which such supplies or services are required, subject, nevertheless, to the inspection and revision of the officers of the Treasurv. • . . Sec. 3732. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States shall be made unless the same is authorized b}^ law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fultillment. * * * Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts, with a jirinted letter of instructions and lilank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instnunents. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of June 20, 187S {W StMs., 206). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventj'-nine, and for other purposes. * * * SIGNAL SERVICE. And the enlisted force of the Signal Corps shall consist of one hundred and fifty sergeants, thirty corporals, and two hundred and seventy privates, who shall receive the pay of engineer soldiers of similar grades; and two sergeants may, in each year, be appointed to be second lieutenants: Prmiided., Signal Service men shall not receive extra-dut}' pay unless specially directed by the Secretary of War. * % * . Provided, Jicnvever, That private dispatches of lawful nature may be transmitted over said lines [from Bismarck to Fort Ellis, via the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers, comiecting Fort Buford, Fort Keogh, and Fort Custer, and from Fort Sully to Fort Keogh, via Deadwood] w^henever the same is not needed for public use, at rea- sonable I'ates, not to exceed the usual rates charged by private tele- graph companies, the proceeds thereof to be accounted for and paid into the Treasury of the United States; and the said telegraph line shall be maintained and operated under such proper rules and orders as the Secretary of War may direct for the benefit of the public service. 618 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of June 16, 1880 {n Stats., 259). AN ACT making appropriations for the sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, and for other purposes. * -x- * SIGNAL, SERVICE. . There shall be added to the Signal Corps lift}^ privates; and from and after the passage of this act the Chief Signal Officer shall have the rank and pay of a brigadier-general. Act of August 7, 1882 {22 Stats., 302). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundi-ed and eighty-three, and for other i^urposes. SIGNAL SERVICE. -X- * * . Provided, That the work of no other department, bureau, or commission authorized by law shall be duplicated by this Bureau: Provided furtlier. That nothing herein contained shall restrict the performance of all duties of the Signal Service Bureau prescribed by existing laws. Act of March 3, 1883 {22 Stats., 603). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes. SIGNAL SERVICE. * -X- -X- . . Provided, That on and after the first day of July, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, all moneys received for the transmission of private dispatches over any and all telegraph lines owned or oper- ated hy the United States shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States, . . . •X- * * . . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed ten com- missioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal Corps authorized by law, and exclusive of officers detailed for Arctic Sea service. Resolution of June 11, 188 J^ {23 Stats., 27 Ji). JOINT RESOLUTION authorizing the President of the United States to appoint, from the sergeants of the Signal Corps two second lieutenants. Whereas th(^ promotion of two sergeants of the Signal Corps to l)e second lieutenants not having been made for the year ending Juno THE SIGNAL CORPS. 619 thirtieth, eig-hteeii hundred and eighty-one, as authorized l)y law, because of a pending question as to the construction thereof: There- fore, Resolved hy the Seriate and House of Representatives of the United States of Ameriea in Congress assemhled^ That the President of the United States be, and hereby is, authorized to appoint from the ser- geants of the Signal Corps the two second lieutenants for that year, to rank from the date of appointment, the same as if the power to appoint had not lapsed. Act of July 7, 188 J^ (3S Stats., 194.). AN ACT making appropriations for sinidry civil expenses of tlie Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtietli, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and for other purposes. * -x- * SIGNAL SERVICE. * x- * . . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed six commis- sioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal Corps authorized b}^ law, and of the three officers serving in the Arctic Seas. -X- -X- -X- That a joint commission, consisting of three Senators to be appointed by the President of the Senate, and three members of the House, to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall con- sider the present organizations of the Signal Service, . . . with the view to secure greater efficiency and economy of administration of the public service in said bureaus; and said joint commission shall report to their respective Houses on or before the third Monday in December, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, their conclusions, by bill or report. Act of March S, 1885' {23 Stats., 4,78). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-six, and for other purposes. * -X- * SIGNAL SERVICE. * -x- * . . . Prcnyided, That thereafter the work of no other department, bureau, or commission authorized \y\ law shall be duplicated ])y this Bureau. * * -X- . . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed four com- missioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal Corps authorized by law, and of the officers latelj^ serving in the Arctic seas. -X- -x- * ^ This act also continued the joint commission created by act of July 7, 1884, and required it to report to Congress on or before the third Monday in December, 1885. 620 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of Amju^t 4, 1HS6 {2J^ Stats., 223). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry I'ivil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, and for other purposes. * •■k * SIGNAL SERVICE. PAY. . . . And the Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to detail for the service in the Signal Corps not to exceed live com- missioned officers, exclusive of the second lieutenants of the Signal Corps authorized by law; and no money herein appropriated shall be used for pay and allowances of second lieutenants appointed or to be appointed from the sergeants of the Signal Corps under the provisions of the act approved June twentieth, eighteen hundred and seventy- eight, in excess of the number of sixteen, or for the pay and allowances of exceeding four hundred and seventy enlisted men of the Signal Corps; and in reducing the force the enlisted men at Fort IVfyer, Vir- ginia, denoted the ''permanent party," shall hrst be nmstered out: Provided., That this restriction shall not apply to the pay or commu- tation or expense of return from their stations to their homes of any enlisted men in excess of the four hundred and seventy men, ac^cruing prior to the passage of this act. * * * That no part of the appropriations made for the Signal Service bv this act shall be used for the maintenance or support of a school of instruction nor of the militarv post at Fort Myer, Virginia.^ * -X- * February 17, 1887 {24-405). — A mihtary telegraph from Point Jupiter to Sanford, on the eastern coast of Florida, to be constructed, maintained, and operated under the direction and control of the Secretary of War, in connection with the establish- ment of signal and display stations. Act of March 3, 1887 {U Stats., r,09). AN ACT making appropriations for sundry s and regulations for the government of the Signal Bureau, and of all persons in said Bureau, and for the safe-keep- 622 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. ing and preservation of all Signal Service property of every kind, and to direct and prescribe the kind, number, and form of all returns and reports, and to enforce compliance therewith, March 2, 1889 {25-939). — Authorizes detail of five officers of the Army for service in the Signal Corps. No part of the appropriation for signal service shall be used in payment of enlisted men of the Signal Corps on clerical or messenger duty in the Signal Office, nor to pay the expense of travel performed on strictly military duty. August SO, 1890 {£6-371). — Officers and men of the Signal Corps may purchase sub- sistence stores in same manner as other officers and men of the Army. (Sec. 1144, R.S.) September 26, 1890 {26-479 ) . — Appropriation for restoring and maintaining telegraphic communication between Tatoosh Island and Port Angeles, Cal., to be expended by the Chief Signal Officer of the Army. Act of October i, 1890 {26 Stats., 653). AN ACT to increase the efficiency and reduce the expenses of the Signal Corps of the Army, and to transfer the weather service to the Department of Agriculture. That the civilian duties now performed by the Signal Corps of the Army shall hereafter devolve upon a bureau to be known as the Weather Bureau, which, on and after July first, eighteen hundred and ninety- one, shall be established in and attached to the Department of Agri- culture, and the Signal Corps of the Army shall remain a part of the military establishment under the direction of the Secretary of War, and all estimates for its support shall be included with other estimates for the support of the military establishment. Sec. 2. That the Chief Signal Otficer shall have charge, under the direction of the Secretary of War, of all military signal duties, and of books, papers, and devices connected therewith, including telegraph and telephone apparatus and the necessary meteorological instruments for use on target ranges and other military uses; the construction, repair, and operation of military telegraph lines, and the duty of col- lecting and transmitting information for the Army by telegraph or otherwise, and all other duties usually pertaining to military signaling; and the operations of said corps shall be confined to strictly military matters. * -X- * Sec. i. . . . Provided^ That the chief signal officer of the Army may, in the discretion of the President, be detailed to take charge of said bureau, and in like manner other officers of the Army, not exceed- ing four, expert in the duties of the weather service, may be assigned to duty with the Weather Bureau, and while so serving shall receive the pay and allowances to which they are entitled by law. Sec. 5. That the enlisted force of the Signal Corps, excepting those hereinafter provided for, shall be honorably discharged from the Army on June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, and such portion of this entire force, including the civilian employees of the Signal Service, as may be necessary for the proper performance of the duties of the Weather Bureau shall, if they so elect, be trans- ferred to the Department of Agriculture, and the compensation of the force so transferred shall continue as it shall l)e in the Signal Service on June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, until otherwise provided by law: Providtd., That skilled observers serving in the Signal Service at said date shall be entitled to preference over other THE SIGNAL CORPS. 623 persons not in the Sig-nal Service for appointment in the Weather Bureau to places for which they may be properly qualified until the expiration of the time for which they were last enlisted. bEC. 6. That in addition to the Chief Signal Officer the commissioned force of the Signal Corps sha21 hereafter consist of one major, four captains (mounted), and four first lieutenants (mounted), who shall receive the pay and allowances of like grades in the Army, The offi- cers herein provided for shall be appointed from the Army, including lieutenants of the Signal Corps, preference being given to officers who have performed long and efficient service in the Signal Service: Pro- vided^ That no appointment shall be made until a board, to be appointed hj the Secretary of War, shall have submitted a report recommending officers for appointment in the Signal Corps in the order of merit, based upon the importance and usefulness of work per- formed in the Signal Service, as said board may determine from the official records. And such second lieutenants of the Signal Corps as ma}^ not be promoted under the provisions of this act shall be appointed second lieutenants in the line of the Army, with present date of commission, and shall be assigned to the first vacancies which may occur in the grade of second lieutenant after the appointments herein provided for have been made. Sec. 7. That all appointments and promotions in the Signal Corps after this reorganization shall be made after examination and approval under sections twelve hundred and six and twelve hundred and seven of the Revised Statutes, which are hereby amended so as to be appli- cable to and to provide for the promotion of the lieutenants of the Signal Corps in the same manner as they now apply to the Corps of Engineers and the Ordnance Corps; and all vacancies which may here- after exist in the grade of first lieutenant in the Signal Corps shall be filled by transfer from the line of the Army, after competitive exam- ination and recommendation h^ a board of officers of the Signal Corps to be appointed b}^ the Secretary of War. Sec. 8. That the enlisted force of the Signal Corps of the Army shall hereafter consist of fifty sergeants, of which ten shall be of the first class, with pay of hospital stewards. No further enlistments shall be made in the Signal Corps for duties enumerated in section three: Provided^ That any vacancy existing or hereafter occurring in that portion of the force of the Signal Corps engaged in said duties may be filled by a civilian at a salary not exceeding that now paid for the same class of work in the State or Territory where the service may be performed, and this compensation for said services shall con- tinue until July first, eighteen hundred and ninety -one, which compen- sation may be paid out of the appropriation for the pay of the present enlisted force. Sec. 9. That on and after July first, eighteen hundred and ninet}^- one, the appropriations for the support of the Signal Corps of the Arm 3^ shall be made with those of other stafl' corps of the Army, . . . Sec. 10. That the President is authorized to appoint, on or before IVIarch first, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, a board of three officials, which board shall be charged with the duty of examining the classes and kinds of property and the amount of mone3^s pertaining to and in the possession of the Signal Corps, and said board shall, as soon as practicable, make to the Secretary of War a report setting forth the amount of moneys and the quantities and kinds of property more suit- 624 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. able for the work of the Weather Bureau and not necessary for the use of the Signal Corps, and what part of said property will be suitable and necessary for the Signal Corps, and upon the approv^al of said report by the Secretary of War the property and moneys which shall be decided to properly pertain to the Weather Bureau work shall be transferred to such Bureau, and to the custody of the Secretary of Agriculture, while the remaining property and funds shall continue in the possession of the Signal Corps. Act of August 6, 189^ {38 Stats., 233). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and for other purposes. FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. Signal Corps: . . . Provided, That whenever a vacancy in the grade of brigadier-general shall occur in the office of Chief Signal Officer said vacasicy shall not be filled, but said grade shall cease and determine, and thereafter the commissioned force of the Signal Corps shall consist of one colonel, who shall be the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, and selected from the corps, and one lieutenant-colonel, one major, and three captains (mounted), to be appointed from the corps according to seniority, and three first lieutenants (mounted), to be appointed as now provided b}" law, who shall each receive the pay and allowances of like grades in the Army, and the officers of the Signal Corps shall retain the commissions held by them at the date of the next vacancy in the office of Chief Signal Officer, unless promoted in compliance with law. * -x- * . . . Provided further, . . . that purchases may be made in open market in the manner common among business men when the aggregate amount required does not exceed two hundred dollars, but every such purchase shall be immediately reported to the Secretary of War. Act of March '2, 1807 (29 Stats., 609). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. FOR PAY OF THE GENERAL STAFF. Signal Corps: . . . And the promotions authorized by law when a vacancy occurs in the office of the Chief Signal Officer may l)e made in grades below that of colonel upon the approval of this act. THE SIGNAL CORPS. 625 Act of April 26, 1898 {30 Stats., 364). AN ACT for the better organization of the line of the Army of the United States. -X- * * Sec. 3. . . . In time of war there shall be added to the Signal Corps of the Army ten corporals, one hundred first-class privates, and forty second-class privates, who shall have the pay and allowances of engineer troops of the same grade. * * * Act of May 18, 1898 {30 Stats., P7). AN ACT to organize a vohmteer signal corps. That the President is hereby authorized to organize a volunteer sig- nal corps for service during the existing war, which corps shall receive the same pay and allowances as are authorized by law for the Signal Corps of the Army. Sec. 2. The volunteer signal corps shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, one major as disbursing officer, and such other offi- cers and men as may be required, not exceeding one major for each army corps, and two captains, two first lieutenants, two second lieu- tenants, five first-class sergeants, ten sergeants, ten corporals, and thirty first-class privates to each organized division of troops: Provided, That two-thirds of all ofiicers below the rank of major and a like pro- portion of the enlisted men shall be skilled electricians or telegraph operators. Resolution le for prisoners of war, and until the governor and council of Virginia shall take further order therein. OctoheT 6, 1777. Resohied., That all masters, officers, and marines, and all subjects of the King of Great Britain, taken on board any prize made by any Con- tinental vessel of war ])e hereafter considered as prisoners of war and treated as such, and that the seamen and mariners of such prize be confined in the gaols or some other secure place in the States to which the prize shall be carried; and it is recommended to the several States to consider and treat all captains, officers, and mariners, and all sub- jects of the King of Great Britain, taken on board any prize made by any vessel fitted out by or carried into any State, by any privateer or letter of marque, as prisoners of war. Ordered., That the commissar3^-general of prisoners be informed of this resolve, and that he be directed to appoint a deputy in each State. COMMISSAR Y-GENEKAL OF PEISONEES. 641 October 30, 1777. Resolved., That in case a sufficient number of laborers can not be procured to work the lead mines in the State of New York, the com- missary -general of prisoners be directed to furnish a competent num- ber of prisoners of war for that end. December 12, 1777. — "Daniel Clymer, esq., is appointed deputy commissary of prisoners, to act in the absence of the commissary-general of prisoners." {Orders, General Headquarters, Sireedes' Ford. ) December 1:?, i777.— "David Klein, esq., is appointed deputy commissary of prison- ers, to act in the absence of the commissary -genei'al of prisoners." {Orders, General Headquarters [on the march to Valley Forge^ . ) Ja.iuary IJf., 1778. Resolved^ That the order of the commissary of prisoners shall be a sufficient voucher to the commissary or deputy commissary-general of purchases for the delivery of provisions for the use of the prisoners of war. January "31, 1778. Resolved, . . . That the conimissary-general of prisoners and his respective deputies be forthwith directed to call in all the officers and privates belonging to the eneni}^, and to confine them in such places and order them to be subsisted and treated in such manner as shall render their situation similar in all respects to that of the officers and privates who are prisoners with the enemy, and that they con- tinue this mode of treatment till such a time as a change of conduct on the part of the enemy shall indiice Congress or the Commander in Chief of the armies of these States to gi^e directions for a different line of conduct on their part. May 11, 1778. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary of prisoners, in the room of Elias Boudinot, esq., resigned, and the ballots being taken, Colonel Francis Johnson was elected. Mwy 21, 1778. Resolved, That the necessary contingent charges of executing the office of commissary -general of prisoners be allowed, over and above the present pay of Colonel Johnson. May 21, 1778. — Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson was taken from the line because his health would not permit him to undergo the fatigues of active service; he was per- mitted by Congress to hold his rank, but no command in the line. May 23, he declined the appointment as it never was his wish to give up his rank in the line. May 28, 1778. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary -general of pris- oners, and the baUot being* taken, Major John Beatty was elected. S. Doc. 229 41 642 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEKAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. July 15, 1778. Resoh)ed, That all prisoners taken or which may be taken by the squadron of His Most Christian Majesty, under the command of the Count d'Estaing, vice-admiral of France, be received by the commis- sary-general of prisoners, and that he provide for their safe custody and subsistence in like manner as hath been usual for the prisoners of these States. That he make monthly returns of all prisoners which shall be by him so received to the Board of War. That he make monthly returns to the Treasury of the accounts of all moneys expended for the purposes aforesaid, and that the prisoners be held at the disposal of His Most Christian Majesty, and subject to the orders of his excellency Mons. Count d'Estaing-. July 30, 1778. Resolved, That the commissary -general of prisoners be directed to engage in the Continental service all, or as many as he can, of the sea- men sent from New York by Admiral Gambler who shall appear to be eflfective or likely to be soon fit for service, and that he furtiish such as will so engage with the means of travelling to Boston, where they are to be delivered to the commissioners of the Navy for the eastern district, to be shipped on board the Continental vessels of war fitting out at that port. August If,, 1778. Ordeft'ed, That the commissary -general of prisoners do from time to time, on the exchange of prisoners in the possession of the enemy, take proper care of those who shall appear to be in such ill state of health as to be unable to travel, either by sending them to a public hospital or, when that can not be readily efiected, by appointing proper persons to take care of them on the easiest terms practicable, and that those who are able to travel be furnished with orders on the difl^erent com- missaries of issues on their way for such a number of rations as may be necessary for their support to their respective places of abode; also that the commissary of prisoners do keep exact accounts of the expenses attending them that belong to the difl'erent States and are not in the Coniinental service. SerptenJjer 11, 1778. Resolved, That Major-General Heath, with the concurrence of the council of the State of Massachusetts Bay, be authorized to remove the prisoners, under the convention of Saratoga, to such parts of the State of Massachusetts Bay as they can be most conveniently subsisted in. Octoler 16, 1778. Resohed, That General Washington be directed, if neither of the alternatives [the British commander to grant passports to American vessels to transport provisions and fuel to Boston for the use of the prisoners or that he adopt measures for sending them ample supplies] mentioned in the above resolve have been complied with, to take the COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 643 necessary steps for removing, with all convenient speed, all the pris- oners of the convention of Saratoga to the town of Charlottesville, in the county of Albemarle, in the State of Virginia. * * * R&iolved, That the Board of War appoint persons to superintend and take charge of the said prisoners; that they contract for the fuel for thoir use, and apply to the governor and council of Virginia for a suffifiont force of militia to guard the said prisoners. That the commissary-general of purchases provide a suitable sup- ply of provisions for the said troops. That the commissary -general of issues appoint a suitable person to issue provisions to the said troops and to keep a regular account thereof. That regular accounts for provisions and fuel be made and trans- mitted from time to time to the Board of War. That the Board of War ])e directed to contract with a proper person to build temporary log l)arracks for the reception of the said troops at the place above mentioned on or before the 1.5th day of December next, and that they report to Congress the contract they may enter into. Octoher 21, 1778. Rcf<()lved, That the commissary-general of prisoners be informea that Congress do not approve of partial or parole exchanges, but they are willing to make a general exchange of officers, whether of the con- vention [Saratoga] or otherwise, as far as numbers and rank will apply. Novemher 7, 1778. Resolved., That the commissary-general of prisoners be directed to take proper measures, until the further order of Congress, for the temporary supply of the British prisoners of war captivated by the Army of the United States, with such quotas of rations as are fur- nished our prisoners in the hands of the enemy by the British com- missaries. * * * Ordered., That the Secretary furnish the commissary-general of prisoners with the copy of the letter of January 19th, 1778, from Sir William Howe to General Washington, with the papers enclosed, specifying the quota of rations furnished to our prisoners in the enemy's hands by the British commissaries. November 7, 1778. — Commissaries of purchases and supplies and issues were directed to comply with requisitions made upon them by the commissary -general of prisoners. January 5, 1779. Resolved., That the commissary-general of prisoners be furnished with money, from time to time, by the Board of Treasury, for the purpose of subsisting the officers and soldiers of the United, States while in captivity, and in the actual possession of the enemy, and to accommodate them with sufficient sums, on account, to defray their travelling expenses to their homes or regiments. That the accounts of all prisoners who shall hereafter be released from captivity, for the pay and subsistence due to them while in the 644 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. actual possession of the enemy, be received and adjusted by the said commissary-general, who, after charging them with the moneys he shall have supplied to them, shall certify the sums due thereon to the pa3^master-general, the deputy paymaster-general of any military department, or paymaster of the Board of War and Ordnance, as shall be most convenient for the prisoners respectively, which sums shall be paid by the said paymasters upon warrants to be given for the same, as usual for other payments made by them. * * * That, for defrajang the expenses of officers and soldiers released from captivity, on their way home, or to join their regiments, the said commissary-general of prisoners, ... in settling the accounts aforesaid, make an allowance of one day's pay and rations for every twenty miles such officers and soldiers had or have to travel to their homes, in case of the expiration of their time of service, or release on parole, or if otherwise, to join their regiments. * * * That the commissary -general of prisoners be allowed a clerk to enable him to perform the extra duty above assigned to him, to assist in the usual business of his department, and perform the duties and receive the pay rnd rations of a deput}^ commissary of prisoners. January 23, 1779. Besolved., That the commissary of prisoners reside at the head- quarters of the Army; that he shall make no exchange of prisoners but such as shall be directed by Congress, the Board of War, or Com- mander in Chief, or, with respect to marine prisoners, by the marine committee. That in future instructions respecting his department shall be trans- mitted to him through the Commander in Chief. That whenever the commissary shall think it necessar}^ to send a flag into the enemy's lines with provisions for the prisoners or on an}^ other l)usiness, he shall make application to the Commander in Chief, who will judge of the cause and propriety in point of time and other cir- cumstances. March 16, 1779. Resolved., That all warrant officers on the civil staff of the Army be put on the same footing with commissioned officers in respect to arrests, trials, and punishments. April 8, 1779. Resolved., . . . That effectual provision be made by a com- missary of prisoners for supplying such of our people as remain unexchanged. That a deputy commissary of prisoners be appointed for the southern army by the commanding officer thereof. April 8, 1779. — Until the establishment of a cartel for general exchange the com- manding officer of the southern army was authorized to exchange prisoners of war. COMMISSAEY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 645 June 7, 1779. Resolved, That the commissary -general of prisoners be authorized, from time to time, to pay to the order of officers and soldiers in cap- tivity, any sums not exceeding the amount of their pay and sub- sistence, in order to enable them to assist their families, and that he make monthly returns to the Paymaster-General of their accounts, respectively. Augmf 19, 1779. Resolved, That the pay and su1)sistence of a colonel in the line be allowed to the commissary -general of prisoners. Resolved, That he be entitled to draw yearly from the stores of the clothier-general a full suit of clothes on the same terms as officers of the line receive the clothing furnished pursuant to the resolution of Congress, November the 26th, 1777. September 1, 1779. — Congress authorized the commissary -general of purchases to appoint a deputy for the especial purpose of providing for the troops of the conven- tion of Saratoga and their guards during their stay in Virginia. Octoler 18, 1779. Resolved, That the Board of War be directed to give the necessary order . . . for supplying the convention troops with rations of Indian meal in lieu of flour. . . . Novemher 16, 1779. Resolved, That the commissary-general of prisoners be directed, until the further order of Congress, to make the same provision for the Spanish prisoners in New York as is made for the prisoners of the United States, keeping a separate account thereof. January 13, 1780. Resolved, That all prisoners of war, whether captivated by the Army or Navy of the United States, or by the subjects, troops, or ships of any particular State, shall be delivered into the care and custody of the commissary-general of prisoners, his deputies or assistants, and be deemed and treated in all respects as prisoners of war to the United States. That it be earnestly recommended to the governments of the respective States that they make no exchanges of prisoners, to the intent that all exchanges ma}' l)e made through the commissary -general of prisoners, by direction of Congress or the Commander in Chief or board of admiralty, and when prisoners are taken by the particular subjects, troops, or vessels of any State not in the service of the United States, or b}^ private ships or vessels of war fitted out in any particular State, these shall be first exchanged, so far as is necessary, for the subjects or inhabitants of the same State taken by the sub jects, adherents, ships, or vessels of the enemy, and the overplus, if an}', shall go towards redeeming the prisoners in the hands of the enemy, without regard to their ))eing subjects or inhabitants of any particular State. 646 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. That all masters or commanders of private ships or vessels of war shall take the utmost care to bring into port all prisoners captivated by them. And if from necessity they shall be obliged to dismiss any prisoners at sea, they shall, on return from their cruise, make report thereof, on oath, to the judge of the admiralty of the State to which they belong, or in which they arrive, within 20 davs after their arrival, with their reasons for such dismission. And if the judge shall not be satisfied with the reasons assigned, or if it shall appear that the prisoners were discharged to avoid the trouble and expense of bring- ing them into port and delivering them into custody, or in any wise unnecessarily, then the judge shall transmit an account thereof to the executive of the State, who are requested to examine into the matter and vacate the commission granted to the said delinquent master or commander of the ship or vessel if they are of the opinion that such dismission was improper. That all prisoners of war captivated by private ships or vessels of war be delivered by and at the expense of the masters or owners of such ships or vessels to a commissary of prisoners nearest the place of their landing, or into the nearest county gaol, on pain of forfeiture of the commission granted to such private ship or vessel. That on such delivery of the prisoners into the gaol the gaoler shall be obliged to inform the government of the State wherein the said prisoners are landed, or, in case of their residence at too great a dis- tance, the lieutenant or commanding officer of the militia of the county wherein such prisoners are landed, the commissary-general of pris- oners, or his deputy; that if the said prisoners are not deemed by the executive of the State, or the said commanding officer of the militia, to be in a place of sufficient security, they may be removed under proper guards to a place or places of greater safety at the expense of the United States. And the executive powers of the respective States are requested to give the necessary oi'ders to the commanding officers of militia on this subject, and to pay the expenses of escorting and transporting the prisoners, charging the same to the United States. The said executives are also requested to give orders to the officers of their militia to take immediate charge of all prisoners of war capti- vated by the ships and vessels of war belonging to the United States or to any particular State, and to convey them, at the expense of the United States, to the nearest commissar}^ of prisoners, or to the county gaol, and also direct the like steps to be taken in regard to their removal to places of greater safety, as is provided in the case of pris- oners captured by private vessels. That it be recommended to the legislatures of the respective States efi'ectuall}^ to provide, at the expense of the United States, for the delivery and safe-keeping of all prisoners captivated b_v their respec- tive subjects out of vessels stranded or cast on shore on their coasts, obliging the parties taking prisoners to deliver them to the nearest commissaiy of prisoners or into the nearest gaol in case no commissary of prisoners is stationed within convenient distance to the place of capture, and in case of neglect or misconduct in the persons so taking the prisoners, that the}'^ forfeit all right to the vessel, her tackle, apparel, and furniture so cast on shore, or the property they may save or be otherwise entitled to out of such vessel, or imposing such other penalty as the said legislatures shall respectively think proper. That it be recommended to the said legislatures to provide and COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 647 direct that all gaolers receive and deliver prisoners of war without charging an}' fee or reward to the persons delivering them into or taking them b}" proper authority out of their custod}^ the reasonable expenses of supporting such prisoners in gaol to be paid by the government of the State wherein they shall ])e confined and charged to the United States, except where they can and shall be otherwise provided for b}" the proper officer in the service of the United States. And the gaoler shall transmit a copy of his charges against the United States for account of prisoners of war to the commissary-general of prisoners, or his nearest deputy, when any prisoners leave the gaol, either for removal to places of greater security or for exchange. That prisoners of war, either on their march or in confinement, be furnished with only two-thirds of a soldier's ration. That none but sick or wounded prisoners be allowed carriages at public expense. That all prisoners on parole pay their own expenses, and such expenses shall be paid before they shall be exchanged. That all officers, prisoners of war to the United States, unless in hospitals, pay their physicians, surgeons, and attendants. That the commissary -general of prisoners and his deputies make regular monthly I'eturns to the Board of War of the numl^ers, situa- tion, and exchanges of all prisoners under their charge, and that they also give the said board such occasional information of all material transactions in their department as circumstances from time to time render necessary, or when they shall be required by the board to do so, under pain of being suspended or dismissed by the said board. That all exchanges of prisoners made in consequence of the fore- going resolutions shall be soldier for soldier and sailor for sailor. March. 31, 1780. — Congress accepted the resignatiou of John Beatty, commissary- general of prisoners. Ax>rU 15, 1780. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary -general of pris- oners, and, the ballots being taken. Colonel Joseph Ward was elected. July 15, 1780. Be.^iolred, That the following proportion of wagons and bathorses be allowed to the different ranks of officers, and no more, unless it be by order of the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a sep- arate army, each of whom to be allowed for themselves so many bag- gage wagons and bathorses as they may think necessary, to wit: •X- * * Commissary of prisonci's, 1 two-horse wagon or 2 bathorses. * * -x- Deputy commissar}' of prisoners with a separate army, 1 two-horse wagon or 2 l)athorses. -X- -x- * Bemlved, That in addition to the forage allowed for the wagon and bathorses by these regulations, there be issued to ... ; com- missary of prisoners two; deputy commissary of prisoners with a sep- arate army, two; deputy serving with the main army, one; . . . 648 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. August 5, 178U. Hesolved., That Captain George Turner be discharged from the office of commissary of prisoners, . . . Resolved^ That Brig. General Moultrie be, and hereby is, authorized to appoint a suitable person to act as commissar}^ of prisoners in Charleston and return the name of the person appointed to Congress for their approbation, if they shall judge proper. August 7, 1780. Ordered, That General Washington take the necessary steps for establishing a resident commissary of prisoners at New York, and Major-General Gates another in South Carolina or Georgia, to have the care of prisoners in those places, according to the usage and cus- toms of war. AugtLst P2, 1780. Ordered, That Brig. General Moultrie make return of the person whom he shall appoint commissary of prisoners in Charleston to Major-General Gates or the commanding officer in the Southern Department for his approbation; and so much of the resolution of the 5th as requires Brig. General Moultrie to make return to Congress be, and is hereby, repealed. September 15., 1780. Congress proceeded to the election of a commissary -general of pris- oners; and, the ballots being taken, Mr. Abraham Skinner was elected, having been previously nomi- nated by Mr. Henry. October P, 1780. Resolved, That the agent for Continental prisoners at New York be, and hereby is, directed to issue supplies to the navy prisoners in the same manner as to those of the land army, as practiced by him here- tofore; and that he make distinct returns to the Board of Admiralty of all supplies by him issued to the nav}^ prisoners, distinguishing those in Continental service from those in private ships of war, and the respective ships and States to which the latter belonged when taken. October 19, 17S0. — General Washington was authorized to carry out his proposals for appointing a commissary of prisoners to reside with the American and British armies, respectively, or to make such other agreement as he shall judge proper for the appointment of commissaries of prisoners. February 5, 1781. Ordered., That the medical committee give the directions necessary for . . . removing the sick from the new gaol in their city to some proper place to be provided, as a hospital for prisoners. COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS, 649 March .i. 1781. Ordered.^ That the convention prisoners, as well in the State of Maiyland as Virginia, be removed, the British to Yorktown, and the Germans to Lancaster, in the State of Pennsylvania, or such other place or places within the said State as the executive thereof shall direct; and that it be, and hereby is, recommended to the executive of the State of Virginia to superintend the removal, safe-keeping, and supplv of the Germans to No land's Ferry, on Potomac River; from which place it is recommended to the executive of the State of Mary- land to superintend their removal, safe-keeping, and supply to the borders of that State, and to continue their guard to Lancaster, the State of Pennsylvania furnishing the necessary supplies; that it be, and it is, also recommended to the State of Maryland to provide a guard and furnish the supplies for the convention prisoners to be removed from Fredericktown to Yorktown, the guard to continue on to York- town, but the supplies, after entering Pennsylvania, to be furnished by that State; that the executive of the State of Pennsylvania be, and hereby is, requested to order the supplies agreeably to the above resolutions and make the necessai'y preparations for the reception of prisoners at the towns or places assigned as aforesaid, and upon their arrival at those places, respectively, the Board of War take order for their future security and suppl5^ Septmiher 18, 1781. Resolved.^ That the Board of War l)e, and are hereby, directed to set apart 500 British prisoners, including a due proportion of officers, to whom exchange shall l)e denied, until the American prisoners now in Great Britain be returned to these States by exchange or otherwise. That the Board of War report a plan and an estimate of the expense for erecting Symsbury mines, in the State of Connecticut, into a State prison for the reception of British prisoners of war, and for the pur- pose of retaliation. September 25, 1781. — "The deputy commissary of prisoners will report to head- quarters all prisoners of war immediately after their capture." {Orders, General Headquarters, Williamshvrgh. ) October 16, 1781. — Congress declared that their order of August 5, 1780, for the dis- charge of Capt. George Turner, did not proceed from any malpractice or clishonorable procedure on his part. Mvemher 23, 1781. Resolved., That the superintendent of finance and Board of War be, and hereby are, authorized and directed to take immediate order for the safe-keeping and support of the prisoners of war in the possession of the United States, so as to ensure their safety as much as ma}^ be, and to render their support less burthensome to the finances of these States. AprU 10, 1782. Remlved, . . . That the commissary-general of prisoners, so far as respects the securing of military prisoners and making returns of them, take his directions from the Secretary at War. •X- * * That the care and direction of prisoners of war be vested in the Secretar}^ at War, so far as respects their safe-keeping. 650 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF V. S. ARMY. April 23, 1782. Hesolved, . . . That the supernumerary junior lieutenants, beyond the number of ten in each regimentof infantry, be reduced, . . . except such of them as shall accept of appointments in the staff departments, with the approbation of the heads of the respective departments, in which case they shall severally retain their respective ranks in the Army and be entitled to the full pay and subsistence be- longing to their rank in the line, as a compensation for their respective services in the staff, without any other allowance whatsoever. . . . July 3, 1782. Resolved., That the Secretary at War lie, and he is hereby, author- ized and empowered to cause courts-martial to be forthwith holden on the several commissai'ies and assistant commissaries of prisoners, at York, Reading, and Lancaster for disobedience of orders and neglect of dut}' in suffering the escape of prisoners at those posts; And that the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint proper persons to take charge of the prisoners of war at the said places until the said commissaries shall be discharged from their arrest or Congress shall otherwise direct. July d/^, 1782. Resolved, That all resolutions and appointments respecting* the department of the commissary-general of prisoners be, and hereby are repealed. That the commander in chief be, and hereby is, empowered to appoint, from time to time, a commissary of prisoners, who shall be subject to his orders and instructions. That the commanding officer of the southern army have also power to appoint from time to time a commissaiy of prisoners, who shall be subject to his orders and instructions. That the power of negotiating the exchange of marine prisoners be henceforth vested in the agent of marine, who is hereby authorized to appoint a commissar}'^ for marine prisoners, to be subject to his orders and instructions. That the Secretary at War be, and he is hereby, authorized from time to time to appoint so many persons as he may find necessary to assist him in superintending and safe-keeping all prisoners of war, reporting such appointments to Congress as soon as they shall be made. That the Secretar}^ at War direct returns to be made once in every three months (or oftener if applied for) to the commander in chief of all land prisoners, and to the agent of marine of all marine prisoners, who shall be under his charge. That th(^ pay of the commissaries for the Army shall be 75 dollars per month each, and they shall each be allowed two rations of provi- sions per day and 12f dollars per month subsistence, and also 6f clollars per month each for a servant, for whom they shall draw from the public the clothing and ration allowed to a private soldier, together with forage for two horses each, which pay and allowance shall include what they may be entitled to from the public as officers in the Army. COMMISSARY-GENERAL OF PRISONERS. 651 That the commissary to be appointed by the agent of marine shall receive in full for his services, including any pay or allowances that he may be entitled to as an officer of the United States, the sum of 1,200 dollars per annum. That the allowance of pay and rations to the persons to be appointed by the Secretary at War to assist him in superintending and safe- keeping prisoners of war shall not exceed 40 dollars per month and four rations per day, or subsistence equivalent, including what they may be entitled to as officers of the Army. September 22, 1782. — "By virtue of the power vested in the Commander in Chief by the resolve of the honorable the Congress of the 24th July last, Lieut. Col. Wm. S. Smith is appointed commissary of prisoners to the army in this quarter." {Orders, General Headquarters, Verplanck^s Point.) Octoher 23, 1782. Resolved, . . . That the following be the proportion of wagons and bathorses to the different ranks of officers, . * * * Commissary of prisoners, one two-horse wagon. Deputy commissary of prisoners, southern army, one two-horse waeron. * That there be allowed for saddle horses- * * Commissary of prisoners, 2 rations. Deputy with a separate army, 2 rations. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of July 6, mm (2 Stats., 777). AN ACT for the safe-keeping and accommodation of prisoners of war.^ That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, author- ized to make such regulations and arrangements for the safe-keeping, support, and exchange of prisoners of war as he may deem expedient, until the same shall be otherwise provided for my law; . . ' Repealed by act of March 3, 1817 (3-358). BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDJIEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. May 12, 1865. — Maj. Oliver O. Howard (Maine), Cijiiiiuissioiier. June 30, 1872. — Bureau discontinued. 653 BlTKEAl OF KEFUOEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. STATUTES AT LARGE. AH of March 3, 1865 {IS Stats., 007). AX ACT l(j estalilish a ])ureau for the relief of freediueii anv him put in suit for the benefit of any injured party upon any breach of the conditions thereof. Sec. 2. That the Secretar}^ of War may direct such issues of pro- visions, clothing, and fuel as he may deem needful for the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of destitute and siifl'ering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children, under such rules and regu- lations as he may direct. Sec. 3. That the President may, b}- and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint an assistant commissioner for each of the States declared to be in insurrection, not exceeding ten in number, who shall, under the direction of the commissioner, aid in the execution of the 655 656 LEGISLATIVE HISTOKY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. provisions of this act, and he shall give a bond to the Treasurer of the United States in the sum of twenty thousand dollars, in the form and manner prescribed in the first section of this act. Each of said com- missioners shall receive an annual salary of two thousand five hundred dollars in full compensation for all his services. And any military officer may be detailed and assigned to duty under this act without increase of pay or allowances. The commissioner shall, before the commencement of each regular session of Congress, make full report of his proceedings, with exhibits of the state of his accounts, to the President, who shall communicate the same to Congress, and shall also make special reports whenever required to do so by the President or either House of Congress; and the assistant commissioners shall make quarterly reports of their proceedings to the commissioner, and also such other special reports as from time to time may be required. Sec. -Jr. That the commissioner, under the direction of the Presi- dent, shall have authority to set apart for the use of loyal refugees and freedmen such tracts of land within the insurrectionary States as shall have been abandoned, or to which the United States shall have acquired title by confiscation or sale, or otherwise; and to every male citizen, whether refugee or freedmen as aforesaid, there shall be assigned not more than forty acres of such land, and the person to whom it was so assigned shall be protected in the use and enjoyment of the land for the term of three years, at an annual rent not exceed- ing six per centum upon the value of such land as it was appraised by the State authorities in the year eighteen hundred and sixt}" for the purpose of taxation, and in case no such appraisal can be found, then the rental shall be based upon the estimated value of the land in said year, to be ascertained in such manner as the commissioner may by regulation prescribe. At the end of said term, or at an}^ time during said term, the occupants of any parcels so assigned ma}^ purchase the land, and receive such title thereto as the United States can convey, upon paying therefor the value of the land as ascertained and fixed for the purpose of determining the annual rent aforesaid. Act ofJvhi 16, 1866 {IJf, Stats., 173). AN ACT to continue in force and to amend "An act to establish a Bureau for the ReHef of Freedmen and Refugees," and for other purposes. That the act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees, approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, shall continue in force for the term of two years from and after the passage of this act. Sec. 2. That the supervision and care of said Bureau shall extend to all loyal refugees and freedmen, so far as the same shall be neces- sary to enable them as speedily as practicable to become self-support- ing citizens of the United States, and to aid them in making the freedom conferred by proclamation of the Commander in Chief, by emancipation under the laAvs of States, and by constitutional amend- ment, available to them and beneficial to the Republic. Sec. 3. That the President shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint two assistant commissioners in addition to those authorized by the act to which this is an amendment, who shall give BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEIST, AND ABANDONED LANDS. 657 like bonds and receive the same annual salaries provided in said act; and each of the assistant commissioners of the Bureau shall have charge of one district containing such refugees or freedmen, to be assigned him by the commissioner, with the approval of the President. And the commissioner shall, under the direction of the President, and so far as the same shall be, in his judgment, necessary for the efficient and economical administration of the affairs of the Bureau, appoint such agents, clerks, and assistants as may be required for the proper conduct of the Bureau. Military officers or enlisted men may be detailed for service and assigned to duty under this act, and the Presi- dent may, if in his judgment safe and judicious so to do, detail from the Army all the officers and agents of this Bureau; but no officer so assigned shall have increase of pay or allowances. Each agent or clerk, not heretofore authorized by law, not being a military officer, shall have an annual salary of not less than live hundred dollars nor more than twelve hundred dollars, according to the service required of him. And it shall be the duty of the commissioner, when it can be done consistently with public interest, to appoint, as assistant com- missioners, agents, and clerks, such men as have proved their loyalty by faithful service in the armies of the Union during the rebellion. And all persons appointed to service under this act and the act to which this is an amendment shall be so far deemed in the military service of the United States as to be under the military jurisdiction and entitled to the military protection of the Government while in the discharge of the duties of their office. Sec. tt. .That officers of the Veteran Reserve Corps or of the volun- teer service now on duty in the Freedmen's Bureau as assistant commissioners, agents, medical officers, or in other capacities, whose regiments or corps have been or may hereafter be mustered out of service, may be retained upon such duty as officers of said Bureau, with the same compensation as is now provided by law for their respective grades; and the Secretary of War shall have power to fill vacancies until other officers can be detailed in their places without detriment to the public service. Sec. 5. That the second section of the act to which this is an amend- ment shall be deemed to authorize the Secretary of War to issue such medical stores or other supplies and transportation and afford such medical or other aid as may be needful for the purposes named in said section: Provided, That no person shall be deemed "destitute," "suf- fering," or "dependent upon the Government for support," within the meaning of this act, who is able to find employment, and could, by proper industry and exertion, avoid such destitution, suffering, or dependence. * * * Sec. 9. That the assistant commissioners for South Carolina and Georgia are hereby authorized to examine all claims to lands in their respective States which are claimed under the provisions of General Sherman's special field order, and to give each person having a valid claim a warrant upon the direct tax commissioners for South Carolina for twenty acres of land, and the said direct tax commissioners shall issue to every person, or to his or her heirs, but in no case to any assigns, presenting such warrant, a lease of twenty acres of land, as provided for in section seven, for the term of six years; but at any time thereafter, upon the paA^meut of a sum not exceeding one dollar S. Doc. 229 i2 658 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. and fifty cents per acre, the person holding such lease shall be entitled to a certificate of sale of said tract of twenty acres from the direct tax commissioners or such officer as may l)e authorized to issue the same; but no warrant shall be held valid longer than two years after the issue of the same. * * * Sec. 12. That the commissioner shall have power to seize, hold, use, lease, or sell all buildings and tenements, and any lands appertaining to the same, or otherwise, former}}' held under color of title by the late so-called Confederate States, and not heretofore disposed of b}" the United States, and any buildings or lands held in trust for the same by any person or persons, and to use the same or appropriate the proceeds derived therefrom to the education of the freed people; and whenever the Bureau shall cease to exist such of said so-called Confederate States as .shall have made provision for the education of their citizens with- out distinction of color shall receive the sum remaining unexpended of such sales or rentals, which shall be distributed among said States for educational purposes in proportion to their population. Sec. 13. That the commissioner of this Bureau shall at all times cooperate with private benevolent associations of citizens in aid of f reedmen, and with agents and teachers didy accredited and appointed by them, and shall hire or provide by lease buildings for purposes of education whenever such association shall, without cost to the Govern- ment, proAnde suitable teachers and means of instruction; and he shall furnish such protection as may be required for the .safe conduct of such schools. Sec. 14. That in every State or district where the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has been interrupted by the rebellion, and until the same shall l)e fully restored, and in ever^^ State or district whose constitutional relations to the Government have been practically dis- continued by the rebellion, and until such State shall have been restored in such relations and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the United States, the right to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal proi)erty, and to have full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings concerning personal liberty, personal security, and the acquisition, enjoyment, and disposition of estate, real and personal, including the constitutional right to bear arms, shall be secured to and enjoyed by all the citizens of such State or district, with- out respect to race or color or previous condition of slavery. And when- ever in either of said States or districts the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has been interrupted by the rebellion, and until the same shall l)e fully restored, and until such State shall have been restored in its constitutional relations to the Government and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the United States, the President shall, through the commissioner and the officers of the bureau, and under such rules and regulations as the President, through the Secretary of War, shall prescribe, extend military protection and have military jurisdic- tion over all cases and questions concerning the free enjoyment of such immunities and rights; and no penalty or punishment for an}' violation of law shall be imposed or permitted because of race or color or previous condition of slaver}^, other or greater than the penalty or pvinishment to which white persons may bo liable by law for the like offense. But the jurisdiction conferred by this section upon the officers of the bureau shall not exist in any State where the ordinar}^ course of BUEEAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. 659 judicial proceedinos has not been interrupted by the rebellion, and shall cease in every State when the courts of the State and the United States are not disturbed in the peaceable course of justice, and after such State shall be full}' restored in its constitutional relations to the Government and shall l)e dulv represented in the Congress of the United States. Sec. 15. That all officers, agents, and employees of this bureau, before entering upon the duties of their office, shall take the oath pre- scribed in the first section of the act to which this is an amendment, and all acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. Act of March ?J, 1S67 {IJ^ Stats., Jf85). AN ACT making ai)pr()priationn for the support of tlie Army for tlie year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and for other purposes. Sec. 5. That it shall be the dut}' ... of the Freedmen's Bureau to prohibit and prevent whipping or maiming of the person as a punishment for any crime, misdemeanor, or offense, by any pre- tended civil or military authority in any State lately in rebellion until the civil government of such State shall have been restored and shall have been recognized by the Congress of the United States. Act of March ?2, 1S67 {U Stats., 5^). AN ACT to regulate tlie disposition of an irregular fund in the custody of the Freedmen's Bureau. Whereas the Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Landis reports a retained bounty fund, derived from a portion of the State bounties of certain colored soldiers enlisted in Virginia and North Carolina during the years eighteen hundred and sixt3'-foiir and eighteen himdred and sixty-five, and by virtue of General Order Number Ninet}^, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, series of eighteen hundred and sixt3'-four, holden by the superintendent of freedmen's affairs, but turned over to the said freed- men's bureau upon its organization; and whereas the said commissioner has in his possession the names of those soldiers from whom the said mone}^ was taken; and whereas he has uniformly returned the same upon the application or discovery of legal representatives, but retains a considerable portion thereof belonging to soldiers who are either decoiised or who can not be found: Therefore, That the said Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, or his successor in office, be, and he is hereby, constituted the lawful custodian of said retained bounty fund, and appointed trustee of the same for the benefit of said colored soldiers or their lawful representatives. Sec. 2. That the said commissioner be, and he is hereby, specially authorized and empowered to invest the said fund, or any portion thereof, in bonds of the United States for the exclusive benefit of the said colored soldiers or their legal representatives: Provided, however. That a sufficient amount of the same in cash be retained uninvested to 660 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. meet all lawful claims thereupon that will pr()l)ably ])e presented for payment: And provided furtlu')\ That any portion of the said fund which may remain unexpended when the said bureau shall cease to exist shall be accounted for by said commissioner to the Treasury of the United States. Resohition of March '29, 1867 {15 ^Sfats., 26). A RESOLUTION in reference to the collection and payment of moneys due colored soldiers, sailors, and marines, or their heirs. Re^olvedhy tlie Senate and House of Rej^remntatives of the Zmited States of America in Congress assemhled., That all checks and treasury certifi- cates to be issued in the settlement of claims for pay, bounty, prize money, or other moneys due to colored soldiers, sailors, or marines, or their legal representatives now residing, or who vlvaj have resided, in any State in which slavery existed in the year eighteen hundred and sixt}", the claim for which has been or may ])e prosecuted by an agent or attorney, shall be made payable to the commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, who shall pay the said agent or attornej^ his lawful fees and expenses, and shall hold the balance subject to the order of the claimants on satisfactory identification; but no money shall be paid to any person except the claimant or his or her legal representatives, if deceased; nor shall any power of attorney, transfer, or assignment of the amount of said claims, or any part thereof, be recognized or allowed l)y the commissioner, or by any oflicer or agent acting under him; and it shall be the duty of the said commissioner, the officers and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau, to facilitate as far as possible the discovery, identification, and paj'ment of the claimants. Sec. 2. And he it fvrtJier resolved^ That the commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau shall be held responsil)le for the safe custody and faithful disbursement of the funds hereby intrusted to him. . . . Resolution of 3f arch JO, 1867 {16 Stats. ^ 28). A RESOLUTION for the relief of the destitute in the Southern and Southwestern States. Resolvedljy the Senate and House of Re})rei'7, 1S68 {15 Stats. ^ 2Jf.6). JOINT RESOLITTTON for the relief of (lestitute persona in the Soutli. That the Secretary of War be hereby authorized to issue, for the relief of any and all classes ©f destitutes in the South, such desiccated potatoes and desiccated mixed vegetables as have accumulated during- the war and are not needed for use in the Army; the same to be issued under the direction of the commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. March 10, 186S {15-41)- — Commissioner of Eefugees, Freedmen, and Al)andoned Lands charged with expenditure of the $15,000 appropriated for the rehef of the destitute in the District of Columbia. Act of July 6\ 18G8 {15 Stats., 83). AN ACT to continue the Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Eefugees, and for other 2^urposes. That the act entitled " An act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees,'' approved March three, eighteen hundred and sixty-live, and the act entitled '"An act to continue in force and to amend ' An act to esta1 )lish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees,' and for other purposes," passed on the sixteenth of July, anno Domini eighteen hundred and sixty-six, shall continue in force for the term of one year from and after the sixteenth of July, in the 3^ear one thousand eight hundred and sixt3-eight, excepting so far as the same shall be herein modified. And the Secretar}" of War is hereby directed to reestal)lish said bureau where the same has been wholh^ or in part discontinued: Provided., [That] he shall be satisfied that the personal safet}^ of freedmen shall require it. Sec. '1, That it shall be the dutj^ of the Secretary of War to dis- continue the operations of the bureau in any State whenever such State shall be full}^ restored in its constitutional relations with the Government of the United States, and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the United States, unless, upon advising with the com- missioner of the bureau, and upon full consideration of the condition of freedmen's affairs in such State, the Secretary of War shall be of cminion that the further continuance of the bureau shall be necessary: Provided.! hoivever, That the educational division of said bureau shall not be affected, or in any way interfered with, until such State shall have made suitable provision for the education of the children of freedmen within said State. Sec. 3. That unexpended balances in the hands of the commissioner not required otherwise for the due execution of the law may be, in the discretion of the commissioner, applied for the education of freedmen and refugees, subject to the provisions of laws applicable thereto. Sec. 4. That officers of th.e Veteran Reserve Corps, or of the volun- teer service, now on duty in the Freedmen's Bureau as assistant com- missioners, agents, medical officers, or in other capacities, who have been or may be mustered out of service, may be retained by the com- missioner, when the same shall ))e required for the proper execution of the laws, as officers of the bureau, upon such duty and with the same pay, compensation, and all allowances, from the date of their appointment, as now provided by law for their respective grades and 662 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. duties at the dates of their muster out and discharge; and such officers so retained shall have, respectively, the same authority and jurisdiction as now conferred upon "officers of the bureau" by act of Congress passed on the sixteenth of July, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-six. Sec. 5. That the commissioner is hereby empowered to sell for cash, or by installments with ample security, school buiMings and other buildings constructed for refugees and freedmen by the bureau, to the associations, corporate bodies, or trustees who now use them for pur- poses of education or relief of want, under suital)le guarantees that the purposes for which such buildings were constructed shall be observed: Provided., That all funds derived therefrom shall be returned to the bureau appropriation and accounted for to the Treasury of the United States. Act ofJxdy m, 186S {16 Stats., 193). AN ACT relating to the Freedmen's Bureau, ami i)roviding for its discontinuance. That the duties and powers of Commissioner of the Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees shall continue to be discharged by the present commissioner of the bureau, and in case of vacancy in said office occurring by reason of his death or resignation, the same shall be filled by appointment of the President on the nomination of the Secretary of War, and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and no officer of the Army shall be detailed for service as commissioner or shall enter upon the duties of commissioner unless appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and all assistant commis- sioners, agents, clerks, and assistants shall be appointed by the Secre- tary of War, on the nomination of the commissioner of the bureau. In case of vacancy in the office of commissioner happening during the recess of the Senate, the duties of commissioner shall be discharged by the acting assistant adjutant-general of the bureau until such vacancy can be filled. Sec. 2. That the commissioner of the bureau shall, on the first day of January next, cause the said bureau to be withdrawn from the sev- eral States within which said bureau has acted, and its operations shall be discontinued. But the educational department of the said bureau, and the collection and payment of moneys due the soldiers, sailors, and marines, or their heirs, shall be continued as now provided bylaw until otherwise ordered by act of Congress. Act of April 7, 1869 {16 Stats., 8). AN ACT relating to freedmen's hospitals. That the commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen is authorized and directed to continue the freedmen's hospitals at Rich- mond, Virginia; Vicksburg, Mississippi; and in the District of Colum- bia, including the asylum for aged and infirm freedmen and for orphan children: Provided , That the expense thereof shall be paid by the com- missioner out of moneys heretofore appropriated for the use of the bureau: And jprovlded further. That said hospitals shall be discon- tinued as soon as may be practicable in the discretion of the President of the United States. BUEEAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN, AND ABANDONED LANDS. 663 Act of June 10, 1872 {17 Stats., 347).' AN ACT making; apiiropriatioiis for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, and for other purposes. •X- * * BureaxLof Refugees, Fre€dm,en,€indA})andoned Lands. . . . Pro- vlded^ That the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands shall be discontinued from and after June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-two. •X- -x- * December 15, 1877 {30-7) . — In the event of the work of collecting and paying bounty and other claims of colored soldiers and sailors not being finished before January 1, 1879, the bureau to be closed and all papers connected therewith to be turned over to the Paymaster-General. ^The unfinished business of the bureau was turned over to the Adjutant-General July 1, 1872. The bureau of colored troops, in his oflice, was finally closed June 30, 1879. PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL'S RDREAU. Mar. 17, 1863.— CoL (Brig. Gen., April 21, 1864) Jaines P.. Fry (Illinois), Aug. 28, 1866. — Bureau discontinued. 665 668 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. enemy, who shall, without unreasonable delay, be delivered to the cus- tody of the general commanding the department in which they may be arrested, to l)e tried as soon as the exigencies of the service permit; to obey all lawful orders and regulations of the J*rovost-Marshal- General, and such as may be prescribrd by law, concerning the enroll- ment and calling into service of the national forces. Sec. S. That in each of said districts there shall be a board of enrollment, to be composed of the provost-marshal, as president, and two other persons, to be appointed by the President of the United States, one of whom shall be a licensed and practicing physician and surgeon. Sec. [). That it shall be the duty of the said board to divide the dis- tricts into subdistricts of convenient size, if they shall deem it neces- sary, not exceeding two, without the direction of the Secretary of Wai, and to appoint, on or l^efore the tenth day of March next, and in each alternate year thereafter, an enrolling officer for each subdis- trict and to furnish him with proper l)lanks and instructions; and he shall immediately proceed to enrol all persons subject to military duty, noting their respective places of residence, ages on the first day of Jul}' following, and their occupation, and shall, on or before the lirst day of April, report the same to the board of enrolment, to be con- solidated into one list, a copy of which shall l)e transmitted to the Pro- vost-Marshal-General on or before the first day of May succeeding the enrolment: Provided, /i evert he! ess, That if, from any cause, the duties prescribed by this section can not be performed within the time speci- fied, then the same shall be performed as soon thereafter as practicable. Sec. 10. That the enrolment of each class shall be made separate!}', and shall oidy embrace those whose ages shall be on the first day of July thereafter between twenty and forty-five years. Sec. 11. That all persons thus enrolled shall be subject, for two years after the first day of July succeeding the enrollment, to be called into the military service of the United States, and to continue in service during the present rebellion, not, however, exceeding the term of three years; and when called into service shall be placed on the same foot- ing, in all respects, as volunteers for three years or during the war, including advance pay and bounty as now provided b}^ law. Sec. 12. That whenever it may be necessary to call out the national forces for military service, the President is hereby authorized to assign to each district the number of men to be furnished by said district; and thereupon the enrolling board shall, under the direction of the President, make a draft of the required number, and fif t}^ per cent in addition, and shall make an exact and complete roll of the names of the persons so drawn, and of the order in which they were drawn, so that the first drawn may stand first upon the said roll, and the second may stand second, and so on. And the person so drawn shall be noti- fied of the same within ten da3's thereafter by a written or printed notice, to be served personally or by leaving a copy at the last place of residence, requiring them to appear at a designated rendezvous to report for duty. In assigning to the districts the number of men to be furnished therefrom, the President shall take into consideration the lumiber of volunteers and militia furnished by and from the several States in which said districts are situated, and the period of their serv- ice since the conmiencement of the pi-csent rel)ellion, and shall so make said assignment as to equalize the luunhers among the distrit-ts of the provost-marshal-general's bureau. 669 several States, considering- and allowing for the numbers already fur- nished as aforesaid and the time of their service. Sec. 13. That any person drafted and notified to appear as afore- said may, on or before the day fixed for his appearance, furnish an acceptable sul;stitute to take his place in the draft, or he ma}^ pay to such person as the Secretary of War may authorize to receive it, such sum, not exceeding- three hundred dollars, as the Secretary niay deter- mine, for the procuration of such substitute, which sum shall be fixed at a uniform rate l)y a general order made at the time of ordering a draft for any State or Territory; and thereupon such person so fur- nishing the substitute, or paying the money, shall be discharged from further liability under that draft. And any person failing to report after due service of notice as herein prescribed, without furnishing a substitute, or paying the required sum therefor, shall be deemed a deserter, and shall be arrested by the provost-marshal and sent to the nearest military post for trial by court-martial, unless, upon proper showing that he is not lial)le to do military duty, the board of enrol- ment shall relievo him from the draft. Sec. IJr. That all drafted persons shall, on arriving at the rendezvous, be carefully inspected ))y the surgeon of the board, who shall truly report to the board the ph3\sical condition of each one; and all persons drafted and claiming exemption from military duty on account of dis- a])ility, or any other cause, shall present their claims to be exempted to the board, whose decision shall be final. Sec. 15. That any surgeon charged with the duty of such inspection who shall receive from any person whomsoever any money or other vahiable thing, or agree, directly or indirectly, to receive the same to his own or another's use for making an imperfect inspection or a false or incorrect report, or who shall wilfully neglect to make a faithful inspection and true report, shall be tried b}^ a court-martial, and, on conviction thereof, be punished by fine not exceeding five hundred dol- lars nor less than two hundred, and be imprisoned at the discretion of the court, and be cashiered and dismissed from the service. Sec. 16. That as soon as the required number of able-bodied men liable to do military duty shall be obtained from the list of those drafted, the remainder shall be discharged. And all drafted persons reporting at the place of rendezvous shall be allowed travelling pay from their places of residence; and all persons discharged at the place of rendezvous shall be allowed travelling pay to their places of resi- dence; and all expenses connected with the enrollment and draft, including subsistence while at the rendezvous, shall be paid from the appropriation for enrolling and drafting, under such regulations as the President of the United States shall prescribe; and all expenses con- nected with the arrest and return of deserters to their regiments, or such other duties as the provost-niarshals shall be called upon to per- form, shall be paid from the appropriation for arresting deserters, under .such regulations as the President of the United States shall pre- scribe: Provided^ The provost-marshals shall in no case receive com- nuitation for transportation, or for fuel and quarters, but only for forage, when not furnished by the Government, together with actual expenses of postage, stationery, and clerk hire authorized by the Provost-jSIarshal-General. Sec. 17. That any person enrolled and drafted according to the pro- visions of this act who shall furnish an acceptable substitute shall ()70 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. thereupon receive from the board of enrolhnent a certificate of dis- charge from yuch draft, which shall exempt him from military duty during- the time for which he was drafted; and such substitute shall be entitled to the same pay and allowances provided by law as if he had been originally drafted into the service of the United States. Act of March 3, 1863 {12 Stats,, 7U)- AN ACT making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and for the year ending the 30 [th] of June, 1863, and for other purposes. * * * • Sec. 5. That the surgeon and the citizen at large, who are, with the provost-marshal, to form the enrolling board of each Congressional district, shall receive the compensation of an assistant surgeon of the army, excluding commutation for fuel and quarters, for the time actually employed; . . . Act of February ^^, ISGJ^. {13 Stats., 6). AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three. That the President of the United States shall be authorized, when- ever he shall deem it necessary, during the present war, to call for such number of men for the military service of the United States as the public exigencies may require. Sec. 2. That the quota of each ward of a city, town, township, pre- cinct, or election district, or of a county, where the county is not divided into wards, towns, townships, precincts, or election districts, shall be, as nearly as possible, in proportion to the number of men resident therein liable to render military service, taking into account, as far as practicable, the number which has been previously furnished therefrom; and in ascertaining and filling said quota there shall be taken into account the number of men who have heretofore entered the naval service of the United States, and whose names are borne upon the enrollment lists as already returned to the office of the provost-marshal of the United States. Sec. 3. That if the quotas shall not be filled within the time desig- nated by the President, the provost-marshal of the district within which any ward of a city, town, township, precinct, or election district, or county, where the same is not divided into wards, towns, townships, precincts, or election districts, which is deficient in its quota, is situ- ated, shall, under the direction of the Provost-Marshal-General, make a draft for the number deficient therefrom; but all volunteers who may enlist after the draft shall have been ordered, and before it shall be actually made, shall be deducted from the number ordered to be drafted in such ward, town, township, precinct, or election district, or county. And if the quota of any district shall not be filled by the draft made in accordance with the provisions of this act, and the act to which it is an amendment, further drafts shall be made, and like proceedings had, until the quota of such district shall be filled. provost-maeshal-general's bureau. 671 Sec. i. That any person enrolled under the provisions of the act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes, approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, or who may be hereafter so enrolled, may furnish, at any time previous to the draft, an acceptable substitute, who is not liable to draft, nor, at the time, in the military or naval service of the United States; and such person so furnishing a substitute shall be exempt from draft during the time for which such substitute shall not be liable to draft, not exceeding the time for which such substitute shall have been accepted. Sec. 5. Thatany person drafted into the military service of the United States may, before the time lixed for his appearance for duty at the draft rendezvous, furnish an acceptable substitute, subject to such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War; that if such substitute is not liable to draft, the person furnishing him shall be exempt from draft during the time for which such substitute is not liable to draft, not exceeding the term for which he was drafted; and if such substitute is liable to draft, the name of the person furnishing him shall again be placed on the roll, and shall be liable to draft on future calls, but not until the present enrollment shall be exhausted; and this exemption shall not exceed the term for which such person shall have been drafted. And any person now in the military or naval service of the United States, not physically disqualified, who has so served moj-e than one year, and whose term of unexpired service shall not at the time of substitution exceed six months, may be employed as a substi- tute to serve in the troops of the State in which he enlisted; and if any drafted person shall hereafter pay money for the procuration of a sub- stitute, under the provisions of the act to which this is an amendment, such payment of monej^ shall operate onl}^ to relieve such person from draft in filling that quota; and his name shall be retained on the roll in tilling future quotas; but in no instance shall the exemption of any person, on account of his payment of commutation money for the pro- curation of a substitute, extend beyond one year; but at the end of one 3 ear, in every such case, the name of any person so exempted shall be enrolled again, if not before returned to the enrollment list under the provisions of this section. Sec. i). That boards of enrollment shall enroll all persons liable to draft under the provisions of this act, and the act to which this is an amendment, whose names may have l)een omitted by the proper enroll- ing officers; all persons who shall arrive at the age of twenty years before the draft; all aliens who shall declare their intention to become citizens; all persons discharged from the military or naval service of the United States who have not been in such service two years during the present war; and all persons who have been exempted under the provisions of the second section of the act to which this is an amendment, but who are not exempted by the provisions of this act; and said boards of enrollment shall release and discharge from draft all persons Avho, between the time of the enrollment and the draft, shall have arrived at the age of forty-five years, and shall strike the names of such per- sons from the enrollment. Sec. 7. That any mariner, or able or ordinary seaman, who shall be drafted under this act, or the act to which this is an amendment, shall have the right, withm eight da3'S after the notification of such draft, to enlist in the naval service as a seaman; and a certificate that he has so enlisted being made out, in conformity with regulations which may 672 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. be prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy, and duly presented to the provost-niarshai of the district in which such mariner, or able or ordi- nary seaman, shall have been drafted, shall exempt him from such draft: Provided^ That the period for which he shall have enlisted into the naval service shall not be less than the period for which he shall have been drafted into the military service: And ■provided furtler^ That the said certificate shall declare that satisfactory proof has been made before the naval officer issuing the same that the said person so enlist- ing in the Navy is a mariner by vocation, or an able or an ordinary seaman. And any person now in the militar}^ service of the United States who shall furnish satisfactory proof that he is a mariner by vocation, or an able or ordinary seaman, may enlist into the Navy under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the President of the United States: Provided^ That such enlistment shall not be for less than the unexpired term of his military service, nor for less than one year. And the bounty money which an}^ mariner or seaman, enlisting from the Army into the Navy, may have received from the United States, or from the State in which he enlisted in the Army, shall l)e deducted from the prize money to which he may become entitled during the time required to complete his military service: Andprovldedfai'thei\ That the whole number of such transfer enlist- ments shall not exceed ten thousand. Sec. 8. That whenever any such mariner or able or ordinary seaman shall have been exempted from such draft in the military service by such enlistment into the naval service, under such due certificate thereof, then the ward, town, township, precinct, or election district, or county, when the same is not divided into wards, towns, townships, precincts, or election districts, from which such person has been drafted shall be credited with his services to all intents and purposes as if he had been duly mustered into the military service under such draft. Sec. 9. That all enlistments into the naval service of the United States, or into the Marine Corps of the United States, that may here- after be made of persons liable to service under the act of Congress entitled "An act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixt}'- three, shall be credited to the ward, town, township, precinct, or elec- tion district, or county, when the same is not divided into wards, towns, townships, precincts, or election districts, in which such enlisted men were or may be enrolled and liable to duty under the act aforesaid, under such regulations as the provost-marshal-general of the United States may prescribe. Sec. 10. That the following persons be, and they are hereby, exempted from enrollment and draft under the provisions of this act, and of the act to which this is an amendment, to wit: Such as are rejected as physically or mentally unfit for the service, all persons actuall}" in the military or naval serA'ice of the United States at the time of the draft, and all persons wlio have served in the military or naval service two years during the present war and been honorably discharged therefrom; and no persons but such as are herein exempted shall be exempt. Sec. 11. That section third of the "Act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved ISIarch third, eighteen hundred and sixtj^-three, and so much of section ten of said act as provides for the separate enrollment of each class, be, and the same are herebj^, repealed; and it shall be the duty of the board of PROVOST-MARSH AL-GENEEAL's BUREAU. 673 enrollment of each district to consolidate the two classes mentioned in the third section of said act. Sec, 12. That an}^ person who shall forciblj'^ resist or oppose any enrollment, or who shall incite, counsel, or encourage, or who shall conspire or confederate with any other person or persons forcibly to resist or oppose any such enrollment, or who shall aid or assist or take any part in any forcible resistance or opposition thereto, or who shall assault, obstruct, hinder, impede, or threaten any officer or other per- son employed in making" or in aiding to make such enrollment, or employed in the performance or in aiding in the performance of any service in any wa}" relating thereto or in arresting or aiding to arrest any spy or deserter from the military service of the United States, shall, upon conviction thereof in any court competent to try the offense, be punished by a line not exceeding live thousand dollai's or b}^ impris- onment not exceeding fi\'e years, or by both of said punishments, in the discretion of the court. And in cases where such assaulting, obstructing, hindering, or impeding shall produce the death of such officer or other person, the offender shall be deemed guilty of murder, and, upon conviction thereof upon indictment in the circuit court of the United States for the district within which the offense was com- mitted, shall be pwnished with death. And nothing in this section con- tained shall be construed to relieve the party offending from liability, under proper indictment or process, for any crime against the laws of a State committed by him while violating the provisions of this section. Sec. 13. That the Secretary of War shall be authorized to detail or appoint such number of additional surgeons for temporary duty in the examination of persons drafted into the military service in any dis- trict as may be necessarv to secure the prompt examination of all such person.s and to ffx the compensation to be paid surgeons so appointed while actually employed; and such surgeons so detailed or appointed shall perform the same duties as the surgeon of the board of enrollment, except that they shall not be permitted to vote or sit with the board of enrollment. Sec. 14. That the Secretary of War is authorized, whenever in his judgment the public interest will be subserved thereby, to permit or rec^uire boards of examination of enrolled or drafted men to hold their examinations at different points within their respective enrollment districts, to ])e determined l)}^ him: Provided^ Tl'hat in all districts over one hundred miles in extent, and in such as are composed of over ten counties, the board shall hold their sessions in at least two places in such district, and at such points as are best calculated to accommodate the people thereof. Sec. 15. That provost-marshals, boards of enrollment, or any mem- ber thereof acting by authority of the board, shall have power to summon witnesses in behalf of the Government and enforce their attendance by attachment, without previous payment of fees, in any case pending before them, or either of them; and the fees allowed for witnesses attending under sunmions shall be six cents per mile for mileage, counting one way; and no other fees or costs shall be allowed under the provisions of this section; and they shall have power to administer oaths and affirmations. And any person who shall wilfull}^ and corruptly swear or affirm falsely Ijefore any provost-marshal or board of enrollment, or member thereof acting by authority of the board, or who shall before any civil magistrate wilfully and corruptl}'^ S. Doc. 229 13 674 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. swear or affirm falsely to any affidavit to be used in any case pending before any provost-marshal or board of enrollment, shall on convic- tion be lined not exceedins; five hundred dollars, and imprisoned not less than six months nor more than twelve months. The drafted men shall have process to bring- in witnesses, but without mileage. Sec. 16. That copies of any record of a provost-marshal or board of enrollment, or of any part thereof, certified by the provost-marshal or a majority of said ])oard of enrollment, shall be deemed and taken as evidence in any civil or military court in like manner as the original record: Provided^ That if any person shall knowingly certify any false copy or copies of such record, to be used in any civil or military court, he shall be sulrject to the pains and penalties of perjury. Sec. 17. That members of religious denominations, who shall by oath or affirmation declare that they are conscientiousl}^ opposed to the bearing of arms, and who are prohibited from doing so by the rules and articles of faith and practice of said religious denomination, shall, when drafted into the military service, be considered noncombatants, and shall be assigned by the Secretary of War to duty in the hospitals, or to the care of freed men, or shall pay the sum of three hundred dollars to such person as the Secretary of War shall designate to receive it, to be applied to the benefit of the sick and wounded soldiers: Provided^ That no person shall be entitled to the benefit of the pro- visions of this section unless his declaration of conscientious scruples against bearing arms shall be supported by satisfactory evidence that his deportment has been uniformly consistent with such declaration. Sec. 18. That no person of foreign birth shall, on account of alien- age, be exempted from enrollment or draft under the provisions of this act, or the act to which it is an amendment, who has at any time assumed the rights of a citizen by voting at any election held under authority of the laws of any State or Territory, or of the United States, or who has held any office under such laws, or any of them; Init the fact that any such person of foreign l)irth has voted or held, or shall vote or hold office as aforesaid, shall bo taken as conclusive evidence that he is not entitled to exemption from military service on account of alienage. Sec. 19. That all claims to exemption shall he verified by the oath or affirmation of the party claiming exemption to the truth of the facts stated, unless it shall satisfactorily appear to the board of enrollment that such party is, for some good and sufficient reason, unable to make such oath or affirmation; and the testimony of any other party filed in support of a claim to exemption shall also be made upon oath or affirmation. Sec. 20. That if any person drafted and liable to render military service shall procure a decision of the board of enrollment in his favor upon a claim to exemption by any fraud or false representation practised by himself or by his procurement, such decision or exemption shall be of no eflfect, and the person exempted, or in whose favor the decision may be made, shall be deemed a deserter, and may be arrested, tried by court-martial, and punished as such, and shall be held to service for the full term for which he was drafted, reckoning from the time of his arrest: Provided^ That the Secretary of War may order the discharge of all persons in the military service who are under the age of eighteen 3^ears at the time of the application for their discharge when it shall appear upon due proof that such persons are in the service without the provost-marshal-general's bureau. 675 consent, either express or implied, of their parents or guardians: And jpromded further^ That such persons, their parents or guardians, shall first repay to the Government and to the State and local authorities all bounties and advance pay which may have been paid to them, anything in the act to which this is an amendment to the contrary notwith- standing. Sec. 21. That any person who shall procure, or attempt to procure, a false report from the surgeon of the l)oard of enrollment concerning the physical condition of any drafted person, or a decision in favor of such person by the board of enrollment upon a claim to exemption, knowing the same to be false, shall, upon conviction in any district or circuit court of the United States, be punished by imprisonment for the period for which the party was drafted. Sec. 22. That the fees of agents and attorneys for making out and causing to be executed any papers in support of a claim for exemption from draft, or for any services that ma}^ be rendered to the claimant, shall not, in any case, exceed five dollars; and physicians or surgeons fu]-nishingcertificat(\sof disability to any claimant for exemption from draft shall not be entitled to any fees or comi)ensation therefor. And any agent or attorney who shall, directly or indirectly, demand or receive any greater compensation for his services under this act, and any physician or surgeon who shall, directly or indirectly, demand or receive any compensation for furnishing said certificates of disability, and any officer, clerk, or deputy connected with the board of enroll- ment who shall receive compensation from any drafted man for any services, or obtaining the performance of such service required from any member of said board by the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall, for every such oft'ense, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, to be recov- ered upon information or indictment Ijcfore any court of competent jurisdiction, one-half for the use of any informer, who may prosecute for the same in the name of the United States, and the other half for the use of the United States; and shall also be subject to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, at the discretion of the court. Sec. 23. That no member of the board of enrollment, and no sur- geon detailed or employed to assist the board of enrollment, and no clerk, assistant, or employee of any provost-marshal or board of enrollment, shall, directly or indirectly, be engaged in procuring, or attempting to procure, substitutes for persons drafted, or liable to be drafted, into the military service of the United States. And if any member of a board of enrollment, or any such surgeon, clerk, assist- ant, or emplo3^ee, shall procure, or attempt to procure, a substitute for any person drafted, or liable to be drafted, as aforesaid, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction, be punished l)y imprisonment not less than thirty days nor more than six months, and pay a fine not less than one hundred nor more than one thousand dollars, l)y any court competent to try the ofi'ense. Sec. 24. That all able-bodied male colored persons between the ages of twenty and forty-five years, resident in the United States, shall be enrolled according to the provisions of this act, and of the act to which this is an amendment, and form part of the national forces; and when a slave of a loyal master shall be drafted and mustered into the service of the United States his master shall have a certificate thereof; and thereupon such slave shall be free, and the bounty of one hun- 676 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. dred dollars now payable by law for each drafted man shall be paid to the person to whom such drafted person was owing- service or labor at the time of his muster into the service of the United States. The Secretary of War shall appoint a commission in each of the slave States represented in Congress, charged to award to each loj^al person to whom a colored volunteer may owe service a just compensation, not exceeding three hundred dollars for each such colored volunteer, paya- l)leout of the fund derived from comnmtations; and every such colored volunteer on being- mustered into the service shall be free. And in all cases where men of color have been heretofore enlisted, or have vol- unteered in the military service of the United States, all the provisions of this act, so far as the pa3'ment of bounty and compensation are pro- vided, shall be equally applicable as to those who may l)e hereafter re- cruited. But men of color, drafted or enlisted, or who may volunteer into the military service, while they shall be credited on the quotas of the several States or subdivisions of States wherein they are respect- ively drafted, enlisted, or shall volunteer, shall not ])e assigned as State troops, but shall bo mustered into regiments or companies as United States colored troops. Sec. 25. That the hfteenth section of the act to which this is amend- atory be so amended that it will read as follows: That any surgeon charged with the duty of such inspection who shall receive from any person whomsoever any money or other valuable thing, or agree, directly or indirectly, to receive the same to his own or another's use, for making an imperfect inspection or a false or incorrect report, or who shall wilfully neglect to make a faithful inspection and true report, and each memlter of the board of enrollment who shall wilfully agree to the discharge from service of any drafted person who is not legally and properly entitled to such discharge, shall be tried by a court- martial, and, on conviction thei'eof, be .punished by a line not less than three hundred dollars and not more than ten thousand dollars, shall l)e imprisoned at the discretion of the court, and be cashiered and dis- missed the service. Sec. 26. That the words ''precinct'' and "election district," as used in this act, shall not ])e construed to require any subdivision for pur- poses of enrollment and draft less than the wards into which any city or village may be divided, or than the towns or townships into which any county ma}^ be divided. Sec. 27. That so much of the act entitled "An act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty -thi-ee, as may be inconsistent with the provisions of this act is hereby repealed. Rewlutlon of Felruarij ^J^, ISSJ^ {13 Stats., 4.03). A RESOLUTION relative to the transfer of persons in the military servire to the naval service.' First. That the provost-marshal-general be, and is herein, directed to enlist such persons as may desire to enter into the naval service of the United States, under such directions as may ])e given by the Sec- retary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, which enlistments shall be credited to the appropriate district: Provided^ nevertheless, That inas- 1 Repealed by Act of June 3, 1864 (13-119). peovost-marshal-geneeal's bueeau. 677 much as persons enlisted in the naval service receive prize money, per- sons so enlisiing shall not be entitled to receive any bounty upon their enlistment. Second. That the President of the United States may, whenever in his judgment the public service requires, authorize and direct the transfer of persons who have been employed in sea service, and are now enlisted in regiments for land service, from such regiments to the naval service, upon such terms and according to such rules and regulations as he may prescribe: Provided,, nevertheless^ That the number of transfers from any company or regiment shall not l)e so great as to reduce such company or regiment below the minimum strength required by the regulations of the military service: And 'pro- vided further^ That such sum as may have been paid to persons so transferred, as bounty for entering into the military service, shall be transferred from the recruiting fund of th(^ naval service to the credit of the proper appropriation for the land service. Act of April ^i, 186 J^ {13 Stats., 51^) . AN ACT to amend an act for enrolling and calling out the national forces so as to increase tiie rank, ]iay, and emoluments of tlie provost-marshal-general. That the rank, pay. and emoluments of the provost-marshal-general, authorized by section five of said act, shall be those of a l)rigadier- general. Act ofJnly k, ISGJf {13 Stats., 379). AN ACT further to regulate and provide for the enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes. Sec. 2. That in case the quota, or any part thereof, of any town, township, ward of a city, precinct, or election district, or of any county not so subdivided, shall not be filled within the space of tifty days after such call, then the President shall immediately order a draft for one year to till such quota, or any part thereof which may l)e unfilled; and in case of any such draft, no payment of money shall bo accepted or received by the (Tovernment as conmmtation to release any enrolled or drafted man from personal obligation to perform military service. Sec. 3. That it shall be lawful for the executive of any of the States to send recruiting agents into any of the States declared to be in rebel- lion, except the States of Arkansas, Tennessee, and Louisiana, to recruit volimteers imdcrany call under the provisions of this act, who shall be credited to the State, and to the respective subdivisions thereof, which may procure the enlistment. * -X- * Sec. 6. That section three of an act entitled "An act to amend an act entitled an act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved February twenty-four, eighteen hun- dred and sixty-four, be, and the same is hereliy, amended, so as to authorize and direct district provost marshals, under the direction of the provost-marshal -general, to make a draft for one hundred per 678 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. centum in addition to the number required to fill the quota of any district as provided by said section. Sec. 1. That instead of traveling pay, all drafted persons reporting at the place of rendezvous shall be allowed transportation from their places of residence; and persons discharged at the place of rendezvous shall be allowed transportation to their places of residence. Sec. 8. That all persons in the naval service of the United States, who have entered said service during the present rebellion, who have not been credited to the quota of any town, district, ward, or State, by reason of their being in said service and not enrolled prior to February twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, shall be enrolled and credited to the quotas of the town, ward, district, or State, in which they respectively reside, upon satisfactory proof of their residence made to the Secretary of War, Sec. 9. That if any person duly drafted shall be absent from home in prosecution of his usual business, the provost marshal of the dis- trict shall cause him to be duly notified as soon as may be, and he shall not be deemed a deserter, nor liable as such, until notice has been given to him, and reasonable time allowed for him to return and report to the provost marshal of his district; but such absence shall not other- wise affect his liability under this act. Sec. 10. That nothing contained in this act shall be construed to alter or in any way affect the provisions of the seventeenth section of an act approved February twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty- four, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled an act for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three. Sec. 11. That nothing contained in this act shall be construed to alter or change the provisions of existing laws relative to permitting persons liable to military service to furnish substitutes. Act of March 3, 1865 {13 Stats., W). AN ACT to amend the several acts heretofore passed to provide for the enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes. Sec. 13. That where any revised enrollment in any Congressional or draft district has been obtained or made prior to any actual drawing of names from the enrollment lists, the quota of such district may be adjusted and apportioned to such revised enrollment, instead of being applied to or based upon the enrollment as it may have stood before the revision. Sec. 11. That hereafter all persons mustered into the military or naval service, whether as volunteers, substitutes, representatives, or otherwise, shall be credited to the State and to the ward, township, precinct, or other enrollment subdistrict where such persons belong- by actual residence (if such persons have an actual residence within the United States), and where such persons were or shall be enrolled (if liable to enrollment); and it is hereby made the duty of the pro- vost-marshal-g(;neral to make such rules and give such instructions to the several provost marshals, boards of enrollment, and mustering officers as shall be necessary for the faithful enforcement of the pro- visions of this section, to the end that fair and just credit shall be given provost-maeshal-general's bureau. 679 to every section of the country : Provided^ That in any call for troops hereafter, no county, town, township, ward, precinct, or election dis- trict shall have credit except for men actually furnished on said call or the preceding call by said county, town, township, ward, precinct, or election district, and mustered into the militar}^ or naval service on the quota thereof. Sec. 15. That in computing- quotas hereafter, credit shall be given to the several States, districts, and subdistricts for ail men furnished from them, respectively, and not heretofore credited, during the pres- ent rebellion, for any period of service of not less than three months, calculating the number of days for which such service was furnished, and reducing the same to years: Provided^ That such credits shall not be applied to the call for additional troops made by the President on the twenty-first day of December, eighteen hundred and sixty-four. Sec. 16. That persons who have been, or may hereafter be, drafted, under the provisions of the several acts to which this is an amendment, for the term of one year, and who have actually furnished, or may actually furnish, acceptable substitutes (not liable to draft) for the term of three years, shall be exempt from military duty during the time for which such substitutes shall not be liable to draft, not exceed- ing the time for which such substitutes shall have been mustered into the service, anything in the act of February twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, to the contrary notwithstanding. -X- * vt Sec, 19, That in every case where a substitute is furnished to take the place of an enrolled or drafted man, and it is shown by evidence that shall be satisfactory to the Secretary of War that such substitute was, at the time of his enlistment, known by the party furnishing him to be non compos mentis, or in a condition of intoxication, or under conviction or indictment for any offense of the grade of felony at the common law, or to have been guilty of a previous act of desertion unsatisfied by pardon or punishment, or, hj reason of any existing infii'mitv or ailment, physically incapable of performing the ordinary duties of a soldier in actual service in the ranks, or minor between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years, without the consent of his parent or guardian, or a minor under the age of sixteen years, it shall be the duty of the Provost-Marshal-General, on advice of the fact, to report the same to the provost-marshal of the proper district; and if such per- son so enlisted and incapable shall have been, since the passage of this act, mustered into the service as a substitute for a person liable to draft and not actually drafted, the name of the person so liable who furnished such substitute shall l)e again placed on the list, and he shall be subject to draft thereafter as though no such substitute had been furnished l)y him; and if such substitute so enlisted and incapable as aforesaid shall have been, since the passage of this act, mustered into the service as a substitute for a person actually drafted, then it shall be the duty of the Provost-Marshal-General to direct the provost- marshal of the district immediately to notify the person who furnished such substitute that he is held to service in the place of such substitute, and he shall stand in the same relation and be subject to the same lia- bility as before the furnishing of such substitute. Se(\ %). That in case any substitute shall desert from the army, and it shall api)car by evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the party furnishing" such substitute shall have, in any way, directly 680 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENEEAL STAFF OF U. S. AEMY. or indirectly, aided or abetted such desertion, or to have been privy to any intention on the part of such substitute to desert, then such person shall l)e immediately placed in the army, and shall serve for the period for which he was liable to draft, such service to commence at the date of the desertion of the substitute. * * -X- Sec. [22.] That the third section of the act entitled "An act [further] to regulate and provide for the enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes," approved July fourth, eighteen hun- dred and sixty -four, Ije, and the same is hereby, repealed. Sec. [23.] That any person or persons enrolled in any subdistrict may, after notice of a draft, and before the same shall have taken place, cause to be mustered into the service of the United States such number of recruits, not subject to draft, as they may deem expedient, which recruits shall stand to the credit of the persons thus causing them to be mustered in, and shall be taken as substitutes for such persons, or so man}^ of them as may be drafted, to the extent of the number of such recruits, and in the order designated by the principals at the time such recruits are thus as aforesaid mustered in. * * * Sec. [26.] That acting assistant surgeons, contract surgeons, and surgeons and commissioners on the enrolling boards, while in the mili- tary service of the United States, shall hereafter be exempt from all liability to be drafted under the provisions of any act for enrolling and calling out the national forces. Sec. [27.] That this act shall take effect from and after its passage: Provided^ That nothing herein contained shall operate to postpone the pending draft, or interfere with the quotas assigned therefor, « Act of July 28, 1866 {U Stat.^., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the military peace establishment of the United States. * * * Sec. 33. That the Provost-Marshal-GeneraFs Office and Bureau shall be continued only so long as the Secretary of War shall deem necessary, not exceeding thirty days after the passage of this act. * * * July 28, 75W.— By General Orders, No. fi6, A. G. O., August 20, 1866, this Bureau was ordered discontinued August 28, the business of the Bureau to be thereafter con- ducted through the Adjutant-General of the Army. Act of March ;?, 1873 {17 Stats., 566). AN ACT to revise, consolidate, and amend the laws relating to pensions. That if . . . any provost-marshal, deputy provost-marshal, or enrolling officer, disabled by reason of any wound or injury received in the discharge of his duty to procure a subsistence by manual la))or, has been ... or shall hereafter be impaired by I'eason of such disability, he shall, upon making due proof of the fact, ... be placed upon the list of invalid pensioners of the United States^ . . . * * * ' This provision is embodied in section 4693 of the Revised Statutes. Provisions selected while this work was going through the press, but too late for insertion in their appropriate places. (;eneral provisions. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of March 16, 1802 {2 Stats., 132). AN ACT fixing the military establishment of the United States. * Sec. 5. That the commissioned officers aforesaid shall be entitled to receive, for their daily subsistence, the following- number of rations of provisions: a colonel, six rations; a lieutenant-colonel, five rations; a major, four rations; a captain, three rations; a lieutenant, two rations; ... or money in lieu thereof at the option of the said oflicers ... at the posts respectively where the rations shall become due; . Act of July 6, 1812 {2 Stats., 784). AN ACT making further provision for the Army of the United States, and for other purposes. * * * Skc. 4. That the President is hereby authorized to confer brevet rank on such officers of the Army as shall distinguish themselves by gallant actions or meritoi-ious conduct, or who shall have served ten years in any one grade. * * * March S, 1S4'> {5-7S2). — Franking privilege abolished; acconntR for official postage to be paid from contingent fund of the bureau to which the officer belongs. By .loint Resohition No. 13, of same date (5-800), this act was declared to take effect July 1, 1845, and not sooner. Act of March 3, 1863 {12 Stats., 731). AN ACT for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes. -K- * * Sec. 31. That any officer absent from duty with leave, except for sickness or wounds, shall, during his absence, receive half of the pay and allowances prescribed by law, and no more. . . . 681 682 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. Act of June 20, 186 J^. {13 Stats., lU)- AN ACT to increase the pay of soldiers in the United States Army, and for rither purposes. Sec. 11. That the thirty-first section of an act entitled "An act for enrolling- and calling- out the national forces, and for other purposes,"" approved March third, one thousand eight hundred and sixty -three, be, and the same is hereby, so amended as that an officer may have, . leave of absence for other cause than sickness or wounds without deduc- tion from his pay or allowances: Provided, That the aggregate of such absence shall not exceed thirty daj^s in any one year. Act of July '28, 1866 {IJ^ Stats., 332). AN ACT to increase and fix the niihtary peace establishment of the United States. Sec. 31. That all ofiicers who have served during the reljellion as volunteers in the armies of the United States, and who have been or may hereafter be honorably mustered out of the volunteer service, shall be entitled to bear the official title, and upon occasions of cere- mony to wear the uniform of the highest grade they have held by brevet or other commissions in the volunteer service. In case of officers of the Regular Army the volunteer rank shall be entered upon the official army register: Provided, That these privileges shall not entitle any officer to command, pay, or emoluments. March 2, 1867 (i-^-^.i-;^).— The act of June 20, 1864 (13-144), increasing the pay of enlisted men, not to be construed as to increase the emoluments of the commissioned officers at the date of its i:)assage. The first section of the act of March 8, 1865 ( 13-487 ), relative to officers' servants, not intended to be retrospective or retroactive in its operation. Act of July 11, 1868 {15 Stats., 8S.) AN ACT prescribing an oath of office to be taken by persons from whom legal disa- bilities shall have been removed. That whenever any person who has participated in the late rebellion . . has been or shall be . . . appointed to any office or place of trust in or under the Government of the United States, he shall, before entering upon the duties thereof, instead of the oath prescribed by the act of July two, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, take and sub- scribe the following oath or affirmation: I, A B, do solenndy swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that 1 take this o])ligation freely, without any mental reservation or pur- pose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which 1 am about to enter. So help me God. ADDENDA. 683 Act of May 8, 187 Jf, {18 Stats., 1^3). AN ACT to amend the thirty-first section of an act entitled ' 'An act for enrolling and calling out the national militia, and for other purposes," approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-three. That all officers on duty at any point west of a line drawn north and south through Omaha city, and north of a line drawn east and west upon the southern boundary of Arizona, shall be allowed sixty days' leave of absence without deduction of pay or allowances: Provided, That the same is taken but once in two years: And provided further. That the leave of absence may be extended to three months, if taken once only in three years; or four months if taken once only in four years. Act ligation freely, without any mental reservation or pur- pose of evasion, and that 1 will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter, so help me God." Sec. 1757. Whenever an}" person who ... is not al)le, on account of his participation in the late rel)ellion, to take the oath pre- scribed in the preceding section, he shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, take and subscril)ein lieu of that oath the following oath: "'I, A B, do solenmly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, for- eign and domestic; that 1 will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this o1)ligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which 1 am about to enter, so help me God." * * * Sec. 1860. •X- vt- -X- Fourth. No person belonging to the Arm 3^ . . . shall lioclected to or hold any civil office or appointment in any Territor}-. * * -X- Sec. 3683. No part oi the contingent fund appropriated to any Imreau to be applied to the purchase of any articles except such as the liead of tlie Department shall, in writing, direct to he i)rocured. STATUTES AT LARGE. Act of Juih' ^:i, 1H79 (:21 Stats., 30). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty, and for other purposes. * * * . Provided., That no allowance shall l)e made for claims for (|uarters for servants heretofore or hereafter; and that the rate of commutation shall hereafter be twelve dollars per room per month for officers' quarters, in lieu of ten dollars, as now provided l)y law. * * * . . . Provided., That to the cost of all stores and other articles sold to officers and men, except tobacco, as provided for in section one ADDENDA. 685 thousand one hundred and forty-nine of the Revised Statutes, ten per centum shall be added to cover wastage, transportation, and other incidental charoes. Act of March 3, 1883 {22 Stats., 456). AN ACT making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June thirtietli, eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and for other purposes. •X- * * . . . From and after the passage of this act, mileage to offi- cers of the Army shall be computed over the shortest usually traveled routes between the points named in the order, and the necessity for such travel in the military service shall be certified to by the officer issinng the order, and stated in said order. Act of March J, 1883 (22 Stats., 567). AN ACT to amend section eighteen liundred and sixty of the Revised Statutes so as not to exchide retired Army officers from holding civil office in the Territories. That the fourth clause of section eighteen hundred and sixty of the Revised Statutes of the United States be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to read as follows: "Fourth. No person belonging to the Army . . . shall be elected to or hold any civil office or appointment in any Territory, except officers of the Army on the retired list." Act of May 13, 188 4 {23 Stats., 21). AN ACT amending the Revised Statutes of the United States in respect of official oaths, and for other purposes. That section twelve hundred and eighteen of the Revised Statutes of the United States be, and is hereby, amended to read as follows: "Sec. 1218. No person who held a commission in the Army or Navy of the United States at the beginning of the late rebellion, and after- wards served in any capacity in the militar^^, naval, or civil service of the so-called Confederate States, or of either of the States in insurrec- tion during the late rebellion, shall be appointed to any position in the Army ... of the United States." Sec. 2. That section seventeen hundred and fifty -six of the Revised Statutes be, and the same is hereby, repealed; and hereafter the oath to be taken by any person . . . appointed to any office of honor or profit ... in the . . . military . . . service, except the President of the United States, shall be as prescribed in section seventeen hundred and fifty-seven of the Revised Statutes. * * * Act (f Fehruary 4, 1897 {29 Stats., 511). AN ACT to authorize officers who served during the war of the rebellion in the Regular Army to bear the title and, on occasions of ceremony, wear the uniform of their highest rank. That all officers mIio have served during the rebellion as officers of the Regular Army of the United States, and have been honorably dis- charged or resigned from the service, shall be entitled to bear the offi- cial title and, upon occasions of ceremony, to wear the uniform of the 686 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U S. ARMY. highest grade they have held, by brevet or other commission, as is now authorized for officers of volunteers by section twelve hundred and twenty-six, Revised Statutes, Tlie text on page 45 of the History of the General Staff, under the title Act of May <28, 1898 {30 Stats., l^M), is that of the Act of June £9, 1898 {30 Stats., 6'25). AN ACT to amend section ten of an act approved April twenty -second, eighteen hundred and ninetj'-eight, entitled "'An act to provide for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes. ' ' Tliefrftt section of the act of May 28, is as follows: That section ten of an act of Congress, entitled ""An act to provide for temporarily increasing the military estaljlishment of the United States in time of war, and for other purposes," approved April twenty-second, eighteen hundred and ninet3'-eight, be, and the same is hereby, amended by adding at the end thereof the following, to wit: Aiid provided, That officers of the Regular Army shall be eligible for such staff appointments, and shall not be held to vacate their offices in the Regular Army by accepting the same, but shall be entitled to receive only the pa}^ and allowances of their staff rank: . -X- * * THE (QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. STATUTES AT LARGE. June 2, 1862 [12-411). — Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed l»y him to make contracts with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. March 2, 1867 (14-571). — Forbids iiayment of accounts, claims, ~etc. , against the Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal j^ersons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. REVISED STATUTES, 2D EDITION, 1878. vv * -X- Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any articles of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage to be charged against the officer responsible, unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any faidt on his part. •X- -x- * Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March ], 1861. -X- * * Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers aj)pointed by him to make contracts, with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. -X- * * STATUTES AT LARGE. May 25, 1900 {31 ). — Authorizes replacement of quartermaster supplies which the volunteers from a State or Territory carried into the service of the United States Army during the recent war with Spain, and which have been retained by the United States. ADDENDA. 687 THE SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. JOURNALS OF THE AMERICAN (CONTINENTAL) CONGRESS. Seiitember 27, 1775. Resoln'd, That the expense of kettles, canteens, and spoons, supplied to the soldiers, be chargrcl to the continent. STATUTES AT LARGE. }fay 18, 1826 {4-173). — In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage to be charged against the responsible officer, unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. June 2, 1862 [12-411). — Secretary of War to furnish officers apjjointed by him to make contracts with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc., to secure uniformity in such instruments. March 3, 1865 (i,S-^.9.5).— Commissaries may sell rations on credit to officers in the field, reporting monthly to the Paymaster-General the amounts due for such pur- chases. March 2, 1867 {14-571). — Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the Government which accrued prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. REVISED STATUTES, 2D EDITION, 1878. * * * Sec. 1145. Commissaries may sell rations on credit to officers in the field, report- ing monthly to the Paymaster-General the amounts due for such purchases. * * * Sec. 1277. One ration in kind or by commutation allowed to hospital matrons and female nurses. * * * Sec. 1304. In case of deficiency of any article of military supplies or of damage to such supplies, the value of the deficient articles or that of the damage to be charged against the officer responsible, unless he can show that the deficiency or damage was not occasioned by any fault on his part. * * * Sec. 2110. Governs issue of rations to Indians who may visit the military posts or agencies of the United States on the frontiers or in their respective nations. * * * Sec. 3480. Forbids payment of accounts, claims, etc., against the United States which accrued or existed prior to April 13, 1860, in favor of disloyal persons; this not to apply to claims assigned to loyal creditors of such persons in payment of debts incurred prior to March 1, 1861. * * * Sec. 3747. Secretary of War to furnish officers appointed by him to make contracts with a printed letter of instructions and blank forms of contracts, affidavits of returns, etc. , to secure uniformity in such instruments. * * * STATUTES AT LARGE. March 3, 1881 {21-435). — All the old clothing now held for issue to the National Home to be turned over to the managers of the National Home for Disabled Volun- teer Soldiers. April 23, 1901.— ... Executive Mansion, Washington, March 26, 1901. In accordance with the provisions of section 40 "of the act entitled "An act to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States," approved Fei)ruary 2, 1901, which authorizes the President to "prescribe the kind and (juantities of the component articles of the army ration, and to direct the issue of substitutive equivalent articles in place of any such components when- ever, in his opinion, economy and a due regard to the health and comfort of the troop.s may so require," the following is promulgated for the information and guid- ance of all concerned. The kinds and quantities of articles composing the army ration and the substi- 688 LEGISLATIVE HISTOEY OF GENERAL STAFF OF U. S. ARMY. tutive equivalent articles which may be issued in place of such components shall be as follows: 1. For troops in garrison {garrison ration). Standard articles. Kinds. Quantities. Substitutive articles. Kinds. Quantities. Meat components Bread components Vegetable components" Dried (or evaporated) fruit components.*' Coffee and sugar com- ponents. Seasoning components . Soap and candle com- ponents. Fresh beef Flour Beans Potatoes Prunes fCoffee, green . . . ISugar (Vinegar SSalt IPepper, black... f Soap tCandleso 20 ounces. 18 ounces. 2f ounces. 1| ounces. 3i ounces. 5^5 gill ^1 ounce. Jb ounce. If ounce. Jg ounce. Fre.sh mutton ' Bacon Canned meat^ Dried fish Pickled fish Canned fish Soft bread Hard bread* Corn meal Pease Rice Hominy f Potatoes \Onions jPotatoes \Canned tomatoes (Potatoes ■{Fresh vegetables, not [ canned.6 Desiccated vegetables ' (Apples \Peaches JRoasted and ground \Tea, black or green /Vinegar \Cucumber pickles 20 ounces. 12 ounces. 2 16 ounces. 14 ounces. 18 ounces. 16 ounces. 18 ounces. 16 ounces. 20 ounces. 2| ounces. Ig ounces, f ounces. 12| ounces. 3^ ounces. 12^ ounces. 'i\ ounces. 11 J ounces. 4| ounces. 2§ ounces. Ig ounces. Ig ounces. 1/e ounces, /s ounce. 5*5 gill- ie gill- 1 When the cost. does not exceed that of fresh beef. 2fn Alaska ICi ounces of tjacoii. to be provided for the militia 574 deposited in certain arsenals on the western waters 576- depots of, to be established .* 580 issue of, to emigrants to certain Territories 586 national asylums 592 respecting contracts U >r manufacture of 588 alteration and improvement of 588 duty remitted on certain imported 590 sale of old or unsuitable 593 damage to, in hands of the troops to be reported 597 696 INDEX. Armstrong, , Page. accepted appointment of deputy commissary 246 Armstrong, John, requested to inspect magazines of provisions 87, 253 Armstrong, John, mentioned 1 76, 297 Army [see Officers), appointments on the civil staff confer no rank in the 14 committee on retrenchment of expenses of the 14 {see Northern army; Southern army.) mail matter for the, on Mexican frontier and in Mexico 31 committee to provide for the sick of the 369 innoculation in the, discontinued 393 arrears of payment of the, not to exceed two months 460, 461, 462 sale of stores jjrior to reduction of the 568 Army Corps, staff officers of, how appointed 45, 112, 231, 348 of, how constituted 76, 79, 116, 211, 345, 348, 355, 591, 604, 625 ambulance service of 420, 421, 422, 423 Army Register, retired officers to be borne on the 32, 40 Arnold, Benedict, mentioned 245 Arrest, warrant officers in the civil staff liable to 161, 293, 383, 490, 558, 644 officers of the Commissary Department liable to 257 Arsenals {see Naval arsenals; Manufactories; St. Louis Arsenal), Secretary of War to direct building and management of 565 principal, where located 570 establishment of 572, 576, 578, 582, 583, 584, 588, 591, 601 keepers of, to make returns to Ordnance Department 580 pay of officers employed in the 585 Articles of War, to be distributed to the Army 54 considered by Congress 123 copies of the, to be countersigned by the Judge- Advocate of the Army. . . 123 Article 69 ^ 128 90 129, 133 9i 133 92 133 Artificers (.see Pay; Clothincj; Rations), necessary, how appointed 167, 174, 201, 544, 553, 579, 586 (.see Harness makers; Collar makers; Wheelwrights.) company of, authorized 186 to have but one officer 560 corps of, how organized 198 regiment of, how organized 561 dissolved 563 removal to Carlisle of all, in Pennsylvania 562 (.see (Southern arm'\) necessary, at Springfield to be retained 565 guilty of neglect of duty, how punished 575 in armories exempted from jury duty 576 reports of, to be made 578 may be attached to regiments, corps, or garrisons 580 respecting, of the Ordnance Corps in Mexico 586 to be designated as privates of the first class 591 Artificial limbs, Surgeon-General to furnish ■ 425, 426, 432 transportation to aj^plirants for 221, 223, 226 Artillery (see Light artillery; Field artillery; Commissary of artillery; Conductor of artillery), uniform of 16, 21 ])urchase of wagons for the 1-17 all sheei)skins to be preserved for use of tlie 322, 565 a paymaster to be appointed to each battalion of 464 comuiauding ofiicer of, to be member of sultordinate board of ordnance. . . 553 arrange all business of tlie Ordnance l)epart- inent to be done in the lield 556 INDEX. » ■ 697 Arti i.i.ekv — Continued. Page. commanding officer of, to determine details for laboratory ^vork 557 mentioned 557, 558 allowances to commanding officer of 562 a field officer of, to superintend business at Carlisle 562 ammunition for the, in the Southern army 563 Ordnance Department, merged into the 581 act merging the Ordnance Department in the, repealed 583 transfer of officers of, to the Ordnance Department 584, 585 senior officer of, in Army Corps to act as chief of ordnance and artillery. . 591 Artillery-aktificers, commissions i.ssued to officers of the 549, 554, 559 to be under command of commissary-general of military stores 552 pa\' of regiment of 553, 560, 561, 562 appointments and promotions in regiment of 554, 559 organization of regiment of, reduced 563 Artiixerymex, respecting compan j* of laboratory 5.50 Artillery yard, respecting plan for an 544 Ashley, Moses, appointed brigade major pro tempore 95 ASLXTIC CHOLERA, inquiry to be made into causes of 427 Assessments (i elected deputy commissary-general for the troops in Virginia 243 of purchases 262 salary increased to $75 per month 251 to purchase not exceeding 10,000 barrels of corn 251 mentioned 282 B. Barcock, Orlando E., mentioned 513 Badges, on whom conferred; how worn 21 may be worn on occasions of ceremony 36, 43, 44, 48 Baggage wagons, allotment of, to general officers and line officers 172, 186, 494 the Adjutant-General and assistants 63, 65, 172, 187 Inspector-General and assistants 95, 102, 172, 187 Judge-Advocate and deputies 12^^, 127, 172, 187 officers of the Quartermaster's Department 1 72, 187 Dejjartment of Military Stores 172, 559 (198 INDEX. feAGGAGE WAGONS — Continued. Page. allotment of, to the chief physician of the Army 388 commissaries of issues 308 purchases 308 prisoners 172, 187, 647 deputy paymasters 172, 187, 454, 456 army auditors 1 72 geographers 189, 495 Bailey, John, mentioned - 62 Baird, Absalom, promotion of, in the Inspector-General's Department, authorized 113 mentioned 86 Bakers (.sw Pay; Katioxs), superintendent of, appointed 253 all army, to be licensed by the superintendent 253 contracts to be made with, to bake tiour into biscuits 264 State of Pennsylvania requested to detail, from the militia 264 company of, authorized 281 superintendent of, to make returns 318 Baltimore, Mn., a quartermaster appointed for town of 153 respecting care of the sick in 370 paymaster appointed in 447 respecting deputy paymaster at 449 removal of military stores at 546 Baldesqui, Joseph, resignation accepte Barrack .\l\sters, appointment of - 1-13, 181, 198, 201 discharge of - 1^^ INDEX. 699 Barrack; master's department, Page. duties of officers of the, respecting articles furnished to Congress 157 supernumerary officers in the, to be discharged , 166 abohshed 166 Barracks, to be buih Avhere permanent magazines are estabhshed 152 respecting Iniilding of 155, 164, 184, 220 placed in charge of Quartermaster-General 163 to be provided for prisonei-s of war 640, 643 Barrels, Flour, pork, and beef, how disposed of ^ 275 Bartlett, John, electecl physician and surgeon-general of army in Northern Department. . 374 mentioned 362 Bartlett, Josiah, ^Member of committee 247, 540 Batchelder, Richard N., mentioned 140 Bates, Alfred E., mentioned 443 Bathorses, allotment of, to the Inspector-General 95, 1 72 Judge- Advocate and deputies 126, 1 72 officers of the Quartermaster's Department 172, 187 Department of Military Stores 172, 187, 567, 568 commissary of prisoners 172, 647, 651 brigade quartermasters 172 express postmaster and express rider 172, 187 Battalion paymasters, authorized for the Corps of Artillery 464 Baxter, Jedediah H., mentioned 362 Baynton, John, appointed deputy paymaster-general to the troops on the frontiers of Vir- ginia and Pennsylvania 447 resigned 453 mentioned 453 Bayonets, respecting manufacture of 537, 539, 543 good iirelocks without, not to be rejected 538 impressment of 548 Beackly, Christian, commissioned first lieutenant < if artiller}' artificers 549 Beacons, sites for, to be determinetl by Topographic Bureau 505 Beatty, John, elected commissary -general of prisoners 641 resignation accepted 647 mentioned 637 Beauford, , mentioned 380 Bebee, James, to be commissioned captain of sappers and miners 491 mentioned 493 Bedding, to be furnished to the troops 143 Bedford, Gunnincj, appointed deputy muster master for the New York Department 631 jiromoted muster master general 632 mentioned 629 Bedloe, William, mentioned 450 Beef {sec Cattle; Barrels), exportation of, prohibited 251, 280 committee to provide fresh 253 States' quotas of 306, 312, 313, 314 how delivered and paid for 307, 316 ,700 INDEX. Beef — ^Continued. Page. part of quota of, from Maryland may he retained in that State 310 fresh, to be issued daily 322 Beer, contracts to he made fur supplying 265 Bell, John E., mentioned 52, 86 Bell, William II., mentioned - - 238 Bells {see Church hells). Beltox, John, to superintend the making and altering 100 muskets 547 Benet, Stephen V., mentioned 534 Bernard, Simon, to he assistant in the Corps of Engineers 499 to have rank of hrigatlier-general by brevet 500 Berrien, John, appointed brigade-major 59 mentioned 59 Bethlehem, Pa., removal of military stores to 548 BiDDLE, Clement, elected deputy quartermaster-general 144 appointed commissary-general of forage 152 mentioned 144 Bills of credit, depreciation of continental, to be remedied 17 Binding, by the Public Printer not to exceed allotment to bureaus 44 Binney, Barnabas, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 Bird, , mentioned 540 Biscuits, flour to be baked into 264 respecting issue of captured 322 Blacksmiths {see Pay; Rations; Clothing), company of, to be sent to camp 145 to be attached to ambulance corps of divisions _ 422 necessary, in Ordnance Department to be enlisted 579, 586 to be designated as "corporals" 590 Blaine, Ephraim, appointed to purchase blankets and shoes 243 commissary for Colonel Mackay's battalion 248 to the troops in Cumberland County, Pa 252 elec'ted deputy commissary -general of purchases 265 commissary-general of purchases 303 to make returns of supplies furnished by each State - - - - 312 continued commissary -general of purchases 317 mentioned ' 238, 278, 303 Bland, Richard, mentioned 1 26, 398 Blaney, Aaron, pay and rations allowed to, as issuing storekeeper 244 Blankets allowance to men bringing a good new, into camp ' ~>r^ assessment of, reconnnended to State legislatures '-52 price to be charged to enlisted men for - |-t>8 issues of _i' . _ to be delivered to director-general of hospital 277, 376 Bleeker, Leonard, • to do the duty of inspector ^^'^ Blicker, James, - elected deputy commissary-general of issues - w mentioned ~ INDEX. 701 Bloomfield. Moses. F&ge. appointetl hospital physician and surgeon 389 resignation accepted ' 390 mentioned 395 Board of Commissioners (.<»y Soldiers' Home), to investigate plan for reclamation of alluvial basin of Misissippi River. . 512 Board of C>rdxa>xe, composition of suboniinate 4S8, 553 Board of Ordnance and Fortification', composition and duties of the 523, 602 Bo.uiD of Treascry, mentioned 163,169,175,178,190,255.259.263.277. 285, 2W, 298, 302, 305, 326, 327, 328. 450, 452, 457, 551. 557, 562 Bo.uiD of War. reporte«i a form of a commission for staff officers 14 to purchase six wagons, with horses and harness 147 superintend the ci\"il departments of the Army 153 prepare regulations for the Quartermaster s Department 155 employ agents for the purchase of forage 155 number of wagoners enUsted and regulations resi)ecting them to be reported to the 162 to superintend the Quartermaster s Department 165 procure from the Quartermaster-General returns of all officers, agents, etc. . of the department 165 discharge supernumerary officers in the I5arrack masters department.. 166 piu-chase covered wagons for the artillery 147 tlirect disposition of goods seize! or contracted for in Philadelphia . . 159-290 suspend or dismiss all supernumerary officers in the Quartermasters Department - 175 furnish the Southern army with tents - 180 make contracts for supph-ing the Army with beer, vegetables, soap, etc. 265 cooperate with General Washington in effectual measures for supplving the Army '. - 268-548 (.**>= Mass ACHrsErrrs Bat.) inquire what measures have been taken by the Pennsylvania legislature to lay up magazines ' — 279 order purchases of flour and provisions, etc - 280 employ agents to purchase meat - 280 appoint directors and subdirectors of the company of bakers 281 make regulations for conducting the hides department 285 prepare instructions, etc., for the conduct of the clothiers department. 295 appoint commissaries of hides and make regulations for their govern- ment - - 297 advise State executive powers of any considerable additions to stock of clothing "- 299 srive orders for supplving prisoners of war with Indian meal in lieu of " flour ". 300 purchase leather 300 superintend department of purchases and issues - 302 furnish the S«xitheni army with clothing and equipments 318 confer with minister from France respecting certain officers 4Sy frame regulations for the Corps of Engineers, etc 490 employ persons for the manufacture of flints - 541 contract for a munber of cannon of the new construction 546 relative to delivery of leather by the - 547 authorized to purchase p<:>wder and military' stores - 547 relative to contracts for making steel 550 to inquire into conduct of the armorer s department 554 contract for muskets and bayonets 555 furnish certain military stores to the S«juthem army 563 ammimitiou and ecjuipments to the artiUer>- and cavalry in the Southern army : employ artificers to repair arms 563 relative to officers ancl artificers at the Sprinsfield lalwratorv 565 reports of - - 287, 291, 490. 491, 5H0 mentioned 1-53, 161, 162, ItiS, 168, 170. 173. 174. 176. 17^. 260, 263. 270, 274. 277, 27v», 280! 28:3. 285. 288, 296. 29S. 299. 304, 305, 308, 316. 317, 319. 382. 490, 549, 5-50, 554, 555, >59, 560, 562, -563, 564, 565 702 INDEX. Board of War and Ordnance, Page. to appoint agents to purchase necessaries for the Army 296 all contracts for casting cannon turned over to the 547 to submit estimate for a brass foundry 551 appoint persons to manufacture tlints 541 contract with i\Ir. Byers as superintendent of a brass foundry 553 for battering cannon, mortars, etc 554 appoint a field commissary of military stores 556 surveyor of ordnance 558 procure a quantity of shot and shell 560 remove unnecessary officers in department of military stores ■ 560 vacate contract with Mr. Byers 565 mentioned 547, 551 , 552, 553, 556, 556, 557, 558 Boards (.^tv Medical board; Light-House Board), ajjpointed to reorganize mode of making coast surveys 503 consider subject of fortifications, torpedoes, etc 520, 601 examine all inventions of heavy ordnance, etc 519 to report on property of the Signal Corps 623 Boards of engineers, appointed 51 1,512, 513, 519, 522, 524. 525, 526, 527, 528 Boards cv enrollment, composition and duties of 668, 670, 672, 673, 674, 676 Boards of examination, composition and duties of 211, 212. 346, 347, 470, 471, 673 to pass on officers and men prior to detail for signal duty 614 BoDo, Otto, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401 Bombardiers, company of, how organized 498 disbanded 500 Bomford, George, mentioned 534 Bond, Jr., Thomas, elected purveyor 389 mentioned 362, 391 Bonds, to be furnished bv officers of the Quartermaster's Department 199, 202, 205, 207, 208 department of purchases 269, 284, 285, 335, 338, 448 issues 269, 284, 285, 448 Pav Department 445, 448, 455, 458, 459, 460, 461, 463, 464, 466, 467, 468 Medical Department 410, 419, 423 clothier-general 318 paymasters and military storekeepers at arsenals and armories 585 commissioner and assistants of Bureau of Eefugees, Freedmen, etc (§5, 656, 657 of officers of the Pay Department, when to be renewed 469 Books, for the inspecting and mustering department 179 respecting purchase of, for the Adjutant-General's Office 80 Boston Harbor, Mass., mentioned 511 BouDiNOT, Eli AS, appointed commissary-general of prisoners, witli i-ank of colonel 639 empowered to appoint deputies 639 mentioned 127, 637. 641 Bounty, wagoners to receive same, as enlisted men of the Army 161 a suit of clothes as a . 162 respecting a, for the manufacture of muskets 541 to laborers of the Ordnance Department 579 respecting, of soldiers transferred to the Navy 672, 677 received by minors to l^e repaid before their discharge 675 respecting, for colored volunteers 676 INDEX. 703 Bounty fund, Page. retained, of colored soldiersi, how disposed of 659,660 Bounty land {see Land), artificers and laborers oi ordnance entitled to 586 Bowman, John, elected depnty paymaster for the western district 453 Box, Daniel, to do duty as brigade major 53, 55 mentioned 54, 56 Bradford, John, mentioned 179, 181, 273, 300 Bradford, William, to do duty as brigade major 56 Bradford, Jr., William, elected deputy muster master general 634 mentioned 635 Brandy, included in the ration 328, 330, 333 Brandywine, issue of rum for gallantry of troops in battle of 268 Brandywine Shoals, Pa., works on, mentioned ,=)04 Braxton, Carter, mendjer of committee ,">40 Brazos River Channel and Dock Company, mentioned 526 Bread (see Hard bread). Breck, Samuel, mentioned 52 Breck enridge, Joseph C, mentioned 86 Breeches, purchase of leather and deerskins for 153, 274 buckskin, to be purchased ] 42 Breech-loading ciUNS, respecting contraction and test of 593 Brent, Robert, mentioned 443 Brevets (see Uniforms), may be issued to certain officers who in 1777 held a commission l)y, higher than their present rank _ 23 conferrable for gallant services 26 ten years' service in any one grade 26, 681 only by consent of the Senate 29 on volunteer officers for services prior to appointment in Regular Army 36 when, entitled to pay or emoluments 456 Brewen, Jeremiah, appointed to superintend the artificers 490 Brewer, Jonathan, aj)i)ointed barrack master 142 mentioned 142 Brewer, Samuel, mentioned 53, 54 Bribes, contractors offering, bow punished 216 Bkue, Benjamin W., mentioned 443 Brice, Jacob, appointed ))rigade major 62 inspector 95 Bridges, construction of, across the Detroit River 520 Great Kanawha River, West Virginia 522 location of, across Mississippi River at Hickman, Ky 522 (sointed 366, 394 to take the oath of office 390 {see Pay; R.\tions; Forage; Land; Baggagje wagons; Southern Army. ) Chief Physician and Surgeon {see Physician; Pay), authorized 384 appointed 364, 389, 392 duties of 364, 386 to 1)0 apjiointed by Congress 388 take the oath of office 390 office of, abolished 396 Chief Signal Officer {see Rank; Pay; Rations), authorized 613, 614, 616, 624, 626 duties of 614, 615, 622 may sell surplus maps, etc 615, 616 be detailed to take chariie of Weather Bureau 622 mentioned 614, 616, 621, 623, 624 710 INDEX, f CmxA, PdEie. ten per cent increased pay allowed officers serving in 48 Choleka {see Asiatic cholera) . Church bells and others taken from New York to be returned 569 Cider to be supplied to the Army , 265 Church, Bex.iamix, elected director of, aiKi physician in, hospital 363 mentioned 361, 364 arrested for holding correspondence with enemy 364 Church, Thomas, appointed brigade major 62, 95 Churchill, Sylvester, mentioned 86 Cincinnati, Ohio, respecting quartermaster's depot at 217 Citizens, grant of half-jiav applicable only to othcers who are 13 all authorized staff officers to be 70, 108, 195, 407 Civilians, may l.)e appointed t(j fill vacancies in Quartermaster's Department 227 Commissary Department 353 authority to appoint, as superintendents of armories revoked 590 to be examined before appointment as paymasters 477 Civil engineers, may be appointed to vacancies in Corps of Topographical En^rineers 502 em})loyment of, in Corps of Engineers 500, 518 authorized 501 authority for employment of, revoked 502 Civil office, half-pay officers may hold a 15, 380, 453 Civil staff, appointments on the, confer no rank in the Army 14, 635 status of warrant officers on the 161 , 293, 380, 490, 558, 644 Claiborne, Richard, appointed brigade major 59 Claims, respecting, of creditors of the U. S 178, 181, 212, 309, 347 to confiscated lands 657 for pay, etc. , of colored soldiers 660 t(j exemption from draft 674, 675 for servants' quarters not allowed 684 payment of, in favor of disloyal persons forbidden 511, 517, 686, 687 Clark, Abraham, member of committee 254, 283 mentioned 454 Clay, Joseph, elected deputy paymaster-general in Georgia 448 to place funds in hands of certain staff officers in State of Georgia 158, 450 mentioned 289, 452 Clerks {fee Pay; Rations; Forage). authorized for the Adjutant-General 64 commissary-general of purchases 306 military stores 551 prisoners 644 Paymaster-General 449, 452 clothier-general 296, 298 necessary, in Quartermaster's Department, how ajipointeil 167, 169, 176, 186 hospital, by whom appointed 364 ai)pointed, in department of military stores 568 {see Paymaster's clerks.) Cleveland, Moses, to be commissioned captain-lieutenant of sappers and miners 491 Clinton, George, member of committee 239 536 INDEX. 711 Clinton, James, Page, mentioned 55, 60, 94, 96 CLOTHf no money to be paid for patent process for preservation of 223 Ci.othier-general {see Pay; Bond), authorized 251, 293 appointed 252, 297, 318 duties of. . . 266, 267, 273, 275, 281, 287, 292, 293, 298, 301, 319, 320, 321, 322, 326, 491 appointment of, announced to the Army 319 to deliver all cloth tit for tents 148, 253 send agents into each State to buy linen and clothing 251 {see Commissary-general of clothing.) States requested to deliver linen fit for shirts to the 263 to appoint an agent in Georgia 264 deputies in each State 273 remove stores to Bethlehem, Pa 268 (,srt' Clothing; Caps; Clerks.) to deliver blankets, shirts, etc., for sick and wounded 273, 277, 376 return goods taken from merchants in Philadelphia 293 make full account of sale, etc., of goods taken in Philadelphia 293 receive his instructions from the war office 323 mentioned 182, 251, 252, 262, 274, 276, 285, 294, 321, 322, 376 depntv in Georgia mentioned 289, 450 duties of 290 Clothiers' department {see Committee), compilation to be made of regulations of the 286 ordinance regulating the 293 respecting seizures made by officers of the 290 mentioned 321 Clothiers (^ff? Pay; Rations), authorized 293, 301 duties of 1§2, 294, 295, 299, 301, 319, 321 mentioned 266, 281 Clothing (see Clothier-general; Clothiers; Commissary- of clothing; Uni- form) , allowance of, regulated 16, 247, 320 issuable to staff officers 14, 301, 302, 380, 451 officers of the hospital department 311, 381 , 388 the commissary-general of prisoners 645 hospital stewards 381 geographers 325 sergeants of ordnance 230 artificers 16, 164, 302, 564 of ordnance 579, 581, 591 engineer soldiers - 497, 504 enlisted men of the line 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334 wagoners 16, 161, 162, 164, 165, 302 bakers __ 281 officers' servants 17, 650 respecting insufficiency of stock of 22 i>urchase of materials for 142, 146, 240 articles of 142, 241, 286 punishment for embezzlement, etc., of 177 transportation of - 1 82 respecting damage to or deficiency in 182 (Quartermaster-General to receive and distribute all 204, 340 duties of line officers respecting, received by them 204, 224, 225 respecting issues of 205 importation of materials for 242, 243, 252 to be provided 243, 246, 247, 250, 254, 264, 268, 271, 275 (.«^rC\ps; Breeches; Stockings; Shirts; Linen; Woolen goods.) dis]>..siti()n of imported, and materials 247, 248, 252, 285, 287, 308, 322 issued to troops, how paid for 249, 298, 301, 302, 464 States recommended to impress 275, 276, 277 employ agents for manufacture of 276, 277 provide, for their respective lines 299 (.sf'f Board of war; Blankets; Rations.) 712 INDEX. Clothing— Continued. Page. purchases of and fontracts for, l)y whom made 328 to be provided yearly 332 surphis, to be sold ]>y district paymasters 334, 460, 461 report on 327 commissary-general of purchases to procure all 334 no claim for use of patented process for preserving 220, 223 sale of old pattern, after issue of new uniform 221 President to prescribe quality and kind of 337, 338 paymaster and assistants to have charge of 460 extra issues of, authorized 211,219, 225, 424 issue of, to be established in general regulations 464 prisoners of war — 640 destitute freedmen and refugees 655 miscellaneous issues of, authorized 218, 219, 220, 222, 228, 687 to be purchased for destitute citizens in Cuba 230 mentioned 209, 250, 299, 303, 308, 319, 321, 324, 337, 339, 343, 344, 382, 383, 464, 561 Clymer, Daniel, appointed deputy commissary of prisoners 641 Clymer, (teokcje, directed to send 3 tons of steel and 5 tons of nail rods for the use of the Army in the Northern Department 545 Coast of the United States, respecting survey of the - 503 Coats (see UniforiMs), wearing red, forbidden 19 purchase of, not to be made until did i)attern is exhausted 222 CoBURN, John, to be allowed lieutenant's pay 541 Cochran, John, elected physician and surgeon-general in Middle Department 373 chief physician and surgeon 389 director of military hospital - 390 mentioned 361, 362, 392 Cochrane, Robert, to superintend hospital at Albany 382 Coffee, allowance of, fixed 343 may he commuted 345 CociSWELL, Samuel, appointed deputy judge-advocate 127 CociswELL, Thomas, appointed wagon master to the main Army 1 79 Collar Makers, to be immediately sent to the camp 145 Colonies, respecting importation of war material for the 536, 690 requested to set their gunsmiths at work 537, 543 employ persons to make saltpeter 537, 538, 539 erect powder mills 540 report condition of lead mines 541 Colors (see Flags) . Colt, Peter, elected deputy comniissary-general of purchases - - - 266 Columbia, S. C., arsenal to be established at 601 Columbia Hospital, D. C, mentioned 425 Columbia River, Wash., mentioned 522 Columbus, Ohio, arsenal to be established at 591 Combs, to be provided for the Army 262 INDEX. 713 Commander in Chief {see George Washington), Page. committee appointed to confer with, on retrenchment of expenses 14 recommended that business of repairing coats be considered a primary object - ". 22 empowered to furlough general and staff officers not necessary for the troops remaining in seryice 23 to regulate issue of forage 58, 151 appointment of brigade majors by the, limited to captains of the brigade. 60 assistants to the Adjutant-CTeneral to be approved by the 61 to make regulations for the musters of troops 95 may increase allowance of wagons and bathorses 95, 172, 186 to appoint inspectors and subinspectors to militia in actiye seryice 96 regulate time, place, and mode of inspections 100 appoint a wagon master and master carpenter and fix their pay 141 fix allowance of forage 151 order building of storehouses and stockaded barracks at places where a capital magazine is established 152 arrange the Quartermaster's Department to the westward 160 authorized to enlist a corps of wagoners 161, 162 to incorporate corps of wagoners with the line of the Army 164 designate places of deposit for the States' quotas of supplies 166 regulate issue of clothing to wagoners 182 issue of forage to the - - 187 Ijaggage wagons and bathorses for the — 186 to form and fix magazines of provisions 245 offered reward for best substitute for shoes 274 authorized to determine the ration to be issued to troops 288 to arrange the Commissary Department to the westward 292 nomination, by the director of hospital and chief physician and surgeon, of surgeons not belonging to any State line, subject to approval of the. . 395 to form and fix magazines of military stores 541 with the commander of artillery, to arrange all business of the Ordnance Department necessary to be done in the field 556 to make a return of the officers in the Engineer Department 492 direct what clothing shall be issued to artificers 564 be furnished with returns of ordnance and ordnance stores 565 appoint a commissary of prisoners 650 mentioned 150, 151, 158, 162, 166, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 179, 180, 181, 185, 186, 242, 245, 251, 254, 255, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 266, 270, 282, 283, 284, 287, 293, 294, 295, 300, 301, 305, 307, 314, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 363, 366, 368, 370, 372, 380, 384, 335, 386, 393, 395, 396, 398, 448, 451^ 488, 490, 491, 493, 495, 541, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 563, 564, 566, 567 Commerce, observations and signals for the benefit of 614 Commissary Department {see Subsistence Department), pay, etc. , to certain employees in the .- 244, 245 respecting supervision of the 274, 291 transmission of funds for the 283 {See Certificates. ) Cf )mmander i a Chief to arrange the, Avest ward 292 States requested to inquire into conduct of all persons in the _ 297 report on condition of the 327, 328 mentioned 255 Commlssarv-General of Clothing, to supply the Army with combs 262 Com.missarv-General of Forage {see Pay; R.\tions), a{)pointed in the main Army 152 to supply forage for horses of members of Congress 164 Commissary-General of Issues {see Pay), authorized 2.54 appointed 263 to take the oath of office 261 (Uities of 255, 256, 257, 258, 261), 262. 268, 269, 275. 287, 290. 291, 305, 306, 321, 326, 643 mentioncl - 266,279,300,303 71-1 INDEX. Commissary-General ok Issues — Continued. Page. deputy, authorized 254, 264, 269, 271, 272 " appointed 263,264,265,266,272,278,291 to take the oath of otlice 261 mentioned 269, 279 Commissary-General of Military Stores [see Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized - .551 appointed 565 duties of 546, 548, 551 mentioned 155, 557 Commissary-General of Musters (see Rank; Pay; Rations), authorized ^33 appointed 634 duties of -_ 633 mentioned 252, 634 and assistants granted one year's pay 636 deputy, appointed - 635 Commissary-General of Ordnance, authorized 576 duties of 577, 578, 579 letters etc. , to and from the, free of postage 579 Commissary-General of Prisoners [see Pay; Rations; Clothing), appointed 639, 641, 648 duties of 549, 639, 640, 641, 642, 644, 645, 647, 649 to be informed Congress disapproves of partial exchanges 643 reside at Army headquarters 644 mentioned 291, 639, 641 Commissary-General OF Purchases (.set' Pay; Rations; Forage; Bond), authorized 254,281,316,334,339 appointed - 265,283,303 to take the oath of office 261 keep his office where Congress shall sit 261 not obliged to reside at place where Congress sits 283 duties of 255, 257, 260, 262, 264, 268, 269, 270, 271, 276, 277, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 299, 300, 302, 305, 312, 316, 317, 326, 334, 336, 343 {see Certificates. ) not to be interested in trade 334, 335 letters, etc. , to and from the, free of postage 335 mentioned 273, 275, 278, 279, 289, 300, 316, 317, 335, 336, 337, 448, 641 office of, aVjolished - 342 assistant, authorized 284 to reside at Army headquarters - 284 not to be interested in trade 335 mentioned 317 deputy, authorized 254, 264, 269, 271, 272, 304, 316, 334 appointed 265, 266, 273 to take the oath of office 261 duties of 254, 256, 257, 260, 264, 269, 270, 273, 282, 284, 293, 317, 334, 336, 364 {see Certificates. ) funds for the deputy, in Georgia -450 deputy, mentioned 278, 299, 302, 641 Commissary-General of Stores and Purchases {see Pay; Forage), authorized -39 appointed 239 appointment of, announced to the Army : - - - 239 duties of 152, 158, 240, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 254 to deliyer all stores to Commissary-General of Issues 255 and deputies entitled to benefits under the Yorktown capitulation 19 mentioned 251 deputy, authorized 239, 243 appointed 243 duties of 240,245,248,251 Commissary-General of Subsistence (see Rank; Pay; Rations), authorized 338, 339, 345, 348, 350 to give bond and not to be concerned in trade 338 how appointed 349, 35- INDEX. 715 Commissary-Gexekal of Subsistence — Continued. Page. duties of 338, 347 letters to and from the, free of postage 339, 340 ex officio commissioner of the Soldiers' Home 343, 352, 353 mentioned 340, 352 assistant, authorized 341, 346, 348, 349, 350 Commissary of army accounts, duties of Paj'master-General merged with those of the 457 Commissary of artillery {see Pay), authorizetl 536 appointed - 536 member of subordinate board of ordnance 553 Commissary of clothing {see Pay; Rations), authorized - 246, 247, 248 appointed 248 assistants to the, authorized 247 Commissary of forage (ire Pay; Rations; Baggage wagons; Bathorses), authorized 148, 155, 169 appointed 179 duties of 155, 158, 169, 170 mentioned 148, 150, 155, 159, 288 assistant, authorized - - 169 duties of 158, 169, 170 Commissary of hides {see Pay) , authorized - 263, 297 a])pointed 263, 265 duties of ^ - 263, 270, 271, 274, 547 mentioned 285, 291, 297, 321 assistants, authorized 298 Commissary of hospitals {seeYw; Rations; Clothing), authorized - 370 Commissary of issues {see Pay; Forage), authorized 264, 280, 285, 337 appointed 245,248,249,252 duties of 98, 258, 259, 260, 261, 267, 270, 281, 306, 311, 376, 382, 562, 565 mentioned 246,263,293,296,641 Commissary of military stores {see Field commissary of military stores), authorized 551, 560, 567, 568 appointed • 542, 545, 549 not to dispose of stores without order of Congress 568 in Pennsylvania to return certain bills 569 {see Pay; Baggage wagons), mentioned 263, 547, 551, 566, 567 deputy, mentioned 571 Commissary of musters {see Pay), authorized *531 Commissary of ORDNANCE (.see Pay), deputy, authorized 576, 579 duties of 577 COM.MISSARY OF ORDNANCE STORES, appointed 549 Co.MMissARY OF PRISONERS (see Pay; Ration^; For.vge; Baggage ava(;ons; Bat- horses), salary of, to be fixed bv commander in chief 639 authorized 1 639,648,650 duties of _. - 639, 644 order of, sufficient for issue of provisions 278, 641 mentioned -- 650 deputy, authorized 639 appointed - 641 duties of 649 Commissary OF purchases (.svc Pay; Baggage wagons), authorized - -SO, 336 appointed 286 to take oath of office 284 duties of 256, 284, 317 allowances to 281 , 283 716 INDEX. Commissary of purchases — Contimied. Page. mentioned 247, 307, 318 deputy, authorized 334, 337 duties of 334 to give bonds 335 mentioned 335 assistant, authorized 304, 317 appointed 2S2 duties of 282, 305 allowances to certain 264, 282 Commissary of stores {see Fay), duties of 246 mentioned 246 deputy, authorized 247, 248, 251 mentioned 247 assistant, appointed 250 Commissary of stores and provisions, Connecticut to appoint a. 239 appointed 239, 243, 245 Commissary of subsistence (w'cRank; Pay), authorized 340, 341, 342, 344, 345, 348, 349, 350 to give bonds 342 to be examined as to qualifications 346 number of, reduced 350, 355 mentioned 355, 356 assistant, authorized 339, 342 not separated from the line 341 to give bonds 342 be examined as to qualitications 346 Commissary for horses and wagons, authorized 155 Commissary sergeants, authorized 349, 350, 351, 357 Commission (»'e Mississippi River Commission; INIissouri River Commission; California Debris Commission; Deep Waterways Commission). Commission (Army), in every, ' ' United States ' ' to replace ' ' United Colonies " 11 form of, for staff officers 14 Commission, officers of Quartermaster's Department receiving a, not entitled to pay or rations 162 allowed to Commissary-General of Purchases 243, 281 , 304 superintendents for purchase of flour 280 deputy paymasters-general 454 Commissioner of Pensions. to pay commutation for artificial limbs 425, 432 Commissioner of Public Buildings and Grounds, office of, abolisiied ; duties of, bv whom performed 511 duties of ' 510, 511, 512 Commissioner of Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen {sec Pay; Bonds; Oath of Office), authorized 1... 655 duties of 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662 mentioned 660 assistant, authorized 655, 656 how appointed 662 duties of 657, 658 army officers not entitled to extra pay for duty as 656 detailed as, may be retained 661 Commissioners (sf.e Engineer Commissioner; Soldiers' Home). Committees of Congress {see Cannon; Medical; Secret Committees), to extract from the journals all resolutions relative to the Army 14 confer with General Washington on means of retrenching expenses 14 consider a report for a further allowance to officers of the Army 15 i'onfer with General Washington to perfect arrangement of staff depart- ments 17 INDEX. 717 Committees of Congress — Continued. Page. to confer with Mr. du Coudray 87 define powers to he granted and exercised by ]Mr. du Coudray 87 purcliase woolen goods for the use of the Army ." 142-240 materials for watch coats 142-241 consider plan for providing carriages for the public service 145 confer with General Washington on improvement of present state of the army in Philadelphia 146-249 in Philadelphia to inform the Quartermaster-General of number of horses and oxen fit for service 147 in conjunction with General Washington to make appointments for the Quartermaster's Department 155 to extract from the journals the regulations of the Quartermaster's Depart- ment 157 superintend the Quartermaster's Department 159 ■ on Quartermaster's Department, increased 163, 164 discharged 165 to inquire into easiest methods of making salt 239 devise ways and means for providing clothing 246 provide the northern army with provisions 246 employ persons to purchase blankets and woolens. 247 on clothing, increased 247 the Commissary Department, increased. 253, 282, 298, 299, 300 Commissary Department, and to devise means for supplying the Army with fresh beef, consolidated .' 253 to devise ways and means for obtaining a supply of salt 254 report of committee on the Treasury 267 to confer with Mr. Wadsworth respecting office of commissary-general of purchases \ 283 extract from the journals the regulations of the commissary's and clothier's departments ". 286 marine committee, mentioned 287, 300 to superintend the Commissary Department 291 on the clothier's department, increased 291 departments of purchases and issues, discharged 303 to report on method of establishing an hospital 363 devise ways and means for obtaining medicines 364, 367 relative to purchase of medical stores by the 364, 367 to forward medical stores, etc. , to certain points 365, 367, 368 procure medicines, increased 365, 366 inquire into abuses in the Medical Department 368 report of, on the Treasury 450 on the Treasury, mentioned 452, 453 to repair to the camp, mentioned 485 consider waj's and means to obtain ammunition and military stores ... 535 devise ways and means to introduce manufacture of saltpeter 535 make inquiries relative to lead and leaden ores 536, 537 advise General Schuj-ler to purchase arms of sick officers and soldiers . 537 contract for making muskets and bayonets 539, 541 devise ways and means to encourage manufacture of saltpeter, sulphur, etc 1 540 consider plan for an artillery yard 544 procure steel and nail rods 545 reports of 145, 146, 153, 155, 190, 250, 282, 287, 310, 326, 363, 555, 569 Commutation (.s^'f Subsistence money; H.\lf pay), rate of, for rations 11, 14, 18, 20, 25, 26, 31, 35, 185, 261, 323, 325, 333, 379, 470, 575, 681 respecting, of forage 18, 21, 25, 27, 33, 40, 67, 68, 70, 71, 103, 104, 106, 108, 128 rations 19, 67, 104 not allowed to officers neglecting to draw rations 21 officers furnished quarters in kind not entitled to increased 36 for fuel i^rohibited _ 41 of rations may be paid to soldiers held prisoners of war 348 Commutation money, may be paid by drafted men 671, 674 not accepted unless from noncond)atants 677 718 INDEX. Companies {see Green and Barren River Navigation Company; Monon- GAHELA Navigation Company; Portage Lake and River Company Canal; Lake Superior Ship Canal Raiiavay and Iron Company Canal). Compensation, Page. to owners of slaves enlisted - 676 Conductor of artillery, . . authorized '^ "^6 appointed -^ '^^39 Conductor of military stores {see Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 551 appointed 568 duties of - "^^^ to be appointed to each brigade 559 {see Field commissary of military stores; Brigade quartermasters.) Conductor op wagons (see Wagon master; Pay; Rations), authorized - ^"1) 1*^6 how appointed - _ 167 mentioned I'l^, 182 Confederate States, respecting land, buildings, etc., held by the late 058 Congress, Continental (.s^e Thanks of congress; Resolves of congress), reserved power of a].pointment or promotion 11 distribution of the journals of - - - - 63, 99 care of horses of members of 156, 164, 179 issues of stores to members of 153, 269 discontinued '. 166, 306 member of, to visit hospitals in middle department 376 Connecticut, uniform of the, line - - 15 magazines of provisions to be established in 157 quota of, to be furnished in forage ^ 166 provisions 306, 307, 312 ill stores, when deliverable : - - - : ^^"^ authorities of, requested to appoint commissaries 239 assist in procuring transportation 272, 275 furnish flour 304 cattle 310 collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 provisions furnished by, how paid for 307 respecting the Salisbury Iron Works in 549 Connor, Morgan, to act as Adjutant-General pro tempore _ 57 mentioned 51, 58 Contagious diseases {see Clothing), respecting hospital for - 368 Contingent fund (.see Portage), restriction on expenditure of ,- 684 Contractors, necessary, to be appointed - 167^ allowances to 1^1 offering bribes, how punished 216 employment of, not desirable for supplying the Northern army 251 duties of, supplying rations - 322 respecting settlement with 454 pay of the, at Carlisle, Pa 549 Contracts (.see Inspector of contracts), how made 29, 177, 191, 193, 195, 203, 208, 209, 225, 309, 328, 331, 338, 339, 343, 344, 352, 402, 403, 415, 431, 507, 508, 516, 571, 575, 589, 599, 617 report on system of supplying the Army by 170, 191 performance of, for subsistence of the Army 327, 328 where to be deposited 194, 331 , 404, 575 for casting cannon 540, 542, 546, 554, 565 for subsistence of Southern army - 248 all, for casting cannon to be turned over to the Board of War 547. respecting manufacture of arms by 588 uniformitv in making " 509, 686, 687 restriction on the making of 225, 352, 432, 517, 599, 617 INDEX. 719 Contract surgeons {See Mileage), Page. authorized 436, 438 nninl)er of 428 limitation on number of, suspended 428 to attend families of officers and men 433 Converse, Thomas, to do duty of brigade-major pro temi)ore 63 inspector 99, 100 Conway, Thomas, appointed major-general 88 mentioned 58, 59, 60, 85, 88, 89, 91 Cooke, , mentioned 146 Cooking, Medical officers to assist in supervision of, for the men 420 Cooks, ten, allowed in the signal corps 626 Cooper, Samuel, mentioned 52 Coopers, authorized 261, 275 pay of, by whom regulated 262 mentioned 305 CoPELAND, Asa, appointment of, as conductor of artillery, confirmed 568 Copper, (Tovernor of Virginia requested to purchase 544 Corbin, Henry C, mentioned 52 Corn {see Indian Corn). Cornell, E., mentioned 564 Cornell, Ezekiel, aijpointment of, as inspector for main army announced 324 mentioned 324 Cornets, subsistence money t( >, of horse 299 Corporals, armorers, carriage makers, and blacksmiths to be designated as 590 Corps of artificers {see Artificers), how organized 198 Corps of ExctINEers {see Engineering Department; Chief of Engineers), uniform of the 18 organized 490, 497, 510, 513, 527, 528, 529 increased 498, 502, 503, 508, 509 commandant of the, by whom appointed 490 appointed 491 how selected 498 (see Shirts; Linen.) returns of the officers of the, to be made 492 accepted commutation in lieu of half-pay 495 memorial on necessity for a 495 to constitute a inilitary academy 497, 498 l>rofessors attached to the 497, 498 enlisted men in the, authorized 497 (see Board of Engineers; Engineer officers; Engineer soldiers.) retained 499 assistant in the, authorized 499, 500 {see Paymasters.) respecting appointments and promotions in the 511, 512, 519 Corps of Topographical Engineers (see Vacancies), organized 502 increased 508, 509 special duties assigned to colonel of the 505 details of ofiicers of the 503, 505 abolished 509 720 INDEX. CouLOUX AND Penet, (Messrs. )> Page. mentioned 555 contract with j 555 Court-martial, respecting depositions in trials by 125, 133 attendance of civilian witnesses 125, 130, 132, 133 duties of the judge-advocate of a 129, 133, 134 CowAX, Isaac, commissioned captain of artillery 549 to receive additional pay 550 mentioned 550, 560 Cox, John, appointed assistant quartermaster-general 156 to employ a deputy to attend Congress 156 Cox, Richard, continued in the office of brigade major 65 mentioned 66 Craig, Henry K., mentioned 1. 534 Craig, James, mentioned 362 Craighill, William P., mentioned -. 483 Craigie, Andrew, elected apothecary 389 mentioned — . 362 Craik, James, elected chief hospital physician 389 appointed chief physician and surgeon 392 mentioned 362, 392 Crane, Charles H., mentioned - - 3t)2 Crane, Stephen, member of committee 239, 536 Crawford, William, mentioned 59 Crawford, William H., mentioned — 5 Credit, respecting purchase of rations on 687 Credits, respecting, in drafts ordered 678, 679 Creditors, settlement of claims of 178, 309, 318 payments to disloyal, forbidden 424, 472, 511, 592, 686, 687 Crocket, James, mentioned 593 Croghan, George, appointed brigade major 61 inspector 89, 94 mentioned 86 Crook, Joseph, appointed to superintend the hospital at New Windsor 400 Cuba, pay of officers in, increased 47 issue of public stores to destitute inhabitants of 231, 356 arms, etc. , to the people of 604 Cumberland road, mentioned 501 Cumming. William, mentioned 1-10 CusHiNG, Nathaniel, continued in the office of brigade-major 66 Cushing, Samuel T., mentioned 338 Cushing, Thomas H., mentioned 52, 86 INDEX. 721 Custom-house, Pagre. respecting compensation of topographical engineer charged with construi'- tion of, at New Orleans 505 Cutter, Ammi Ruhamah, elected physician-general of hospital in Eastern Department 374 resignation accepted 378 mentioned 361 CuYLER, Jacob, elected deputy commissary-general of prisoners 262 D. Dabney, Charles, to superintend the hospitals in Jersey 380 mentioned 380 Ualecarlia Reservoir, mentioned 526 Dallam, Richard, elected deputy paymaster-general for the flying camp 446 Dalton, Peter Roe, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Damacjes, willful, to cMthing, how punished 182, 205, 321 cost of, to arms or public supplies, how assessed 501, 515, 580, 687, 689 Dana, Francis, member of committee 283 Davidson, John, appointed brigade-major 62 Davies, William, to do the duty of adjutant-general pro tempore 61, 94 attached on the march to General Sterling's division 60, 90 appointed to act as subinspector 89 resigned 146 appointed deputy muster-master-general for the flying camp 632 Davis, Nelson H., reappointment of, in the Inspector-General's Department authorized 113 mentioned 86 Davis, Robert, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Day, Benjamin, appointed brigade-major 57 Dayton, Elias, member of committee 326 mentioned 190, 569 Day'ton, Elias, (Colonel) mentioned _ - 59 Deane, Silas, member of committee 239, 240, 535, 536, 537 mentioned 87, 142, 488 Dearborne, , appointed deputy quartermaster to the main army 182 DE BouiLLi, , mentioned 90 i)E Borre, Prud' Homme, mentioned - 58, 59 De Brahm, Ferdinand, appointed engineer with rank of major 488 promote«' Prisoners of war.) respecting mode of payment to 476 issue of tobacco to 35 may wear badges of corps in which they served 36, 39, 43, 48 728 INDEX. Enlisted men — Continued. Page. provisions of pension laws apply to, of the staff corps 208, 342, 413, 504, 586 maimed, may receive artificial limbs 425, 432 may be detailed in Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen 657 serving in Arctic regions entitled to commutation of quarters 690 Enrolling officers, authorized 668 disabled in line of duty entitled to pensions 680 Enrollment, boards of, how composed and their duties 668 of men may be made by classes 668 by classes repealed 672 men exempt from 672 resistance to, how punished 673 foreigners not exempt from (574 revised 678 Enrollment districts, how constituted 667 President to assign number of men to he furnished by _ 668 Entrenching tools, agent authorized for purchase of 155 to receive and care for, appointed 157 Envelopes, special, for official business 38 Equipments, to be provided for a body of horse _ 147 the Southern army 563 cost of repairs or damage to, against whom charged 580 Erskine, Robert, may be appointed geographer and sui-veyor 448 mentioned ^ 484, 492 Erwing, John, appointed deputy c], 534, 5.50, 55:;, 554, 555, 559, 562, 564 Flying c.\mp, assistant to deputy quartermaster-general to the, appointed 144 medical officers appointed for the 366, 367 deputy paymaster-treneral appointed for the 446 commissary of military stores for the, appointed 542 deputy muster master-general for the, authorized 633 appointed 632 Flying hospital, senior surgeon ap[)( >inted in the 382 Fogg, Jeremiah, appointed brigade-major. 65 continued in the office of brigade-major , 66 Forage {f^ee Commissary of forage; Forage masters), money allowanc<^ for 18, 21, 25, 27, 28, 67, 68, 70, 71, 103, 104, 106, 108, 128, 192, 199, 402, 406, 407, 458 allowance to officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 57, 63, 64, 65, 66, 71, 188, 189 Iiispector-Cieneral's Department 94, 95, 96, 102, 108, 188, 189 Judge-Advocate-General's Department 124, 126, 127, 129, 188, 189 Quartermaster's Department 151, 188, 189, 191, 196, 198, 199, 205, 206, 218, 224 Commissary Department . . 188, 254, 296, 305, 308, 317 Medical Department . . 189, 375, 388, 399, 400, 408, 411 Pay Department 188, 454, 456, 458, 459, 463 Ordnance Department 579 muster department 634 department of military stores 188, 552, 561, 568 general and other officers 33, 40, 41, 42, 57, 63, 174, 187, 188, 189 commissary of prisoners 189, 647, 651 engineers 188, 189, 486 geographer 189, 495 provost-marshal 188 State clothiers 296 superintendent of bakers 318 not allowed to officers absent exceeding six months 32 when commutation ot, is allowed 33, 40 in kind may be furnished 38, 40, 42, 220 allowance of, to public horses 148, 167, 170, 187 to be purchased - 155 for the horses of the French minister 157, 164 members of Congress 164, 179 no -wheat to be ])urchased for 157, 288, 290 how obtained in emergencies 159 driver of public wagon entitled to 163 quotas of States to be furnished in 1 66 how paid for 166, 167 how obtained for jmblic horses 170, 175 detained horses 171 magazines of. to I )e |irovided 179 States to be requested to furnish 180 issue of, to detachirients of sailors or marines 202, 223 respecting, for officers serving east of the Mississippi River 227 mentioned ' 176, 180, 209, 213 Forage Master Genkral, to make return of all his assistants 165 Forage Masters (.st'f I*ay; Rations), authorized 148, 169, 197, 206 bv whom appointed 156, 201 duties of 148, 149, 170 allowance of_ forage to 197, 198, 206, 224 su1)ject to military law 197 names of, to be reported to board of war 150 deranged in 1875, entitled to three months' pay 203 782 INDEX. Forbes, James, Page. member of committee ] <>4, 300 Ford, Jacob, jr., to manufacture saltpeter into gunpowder 540 Ford's Theater, mentioned 525 Foreigners, not exempt from draft 674 FoUESTALLERS {sce ENGROSSERS), States requested to authorize seizure of goods, etc., held by 273 Forges, conductors of military stores to have traveling 559 all, in hands of conductors of military stores, how disjiosed of 568 traveling cavalry, allowed ambulance corps of divisions 422 FoRGUE, Francis, elected surgeon -general of hospital in Northern Department 374 mentioned 361 Forms, blank, of contracts, etc. , by whom furnished 686, 687 Fort George, N. Y., hospital at, reserved for contagious diseases 368 Fort Herkimer, N. Y., mentioned 571 Fortifications (see Inspector of fortifications), armament of certain 571 , 572 to be erected at Annapolis, Md 573 respecting plan of necessary 500 construction of temporary, in cases of emergency 526 ports at which, are required to be reported 520, 601 Fort Myer, Va., mentioned 620 Fort Pitt, N. Y., proper magazines to be laid np in 324 arms to be sent to 546, 547 field conductor of military stores at, authorized 567 Forts, tests of best stone, to resist heaviest guns 511 construction of temporary, in cases of emergency 526 FosDiCK, Thomas, appointed brigade-major 58 Foster, Isaac, to take direction and superintendency of the general hospital 364 elected deputy director-general of hospital in Eastern Department 374 Foundries, examination to be made of certain 544 respecting erection of a, for brass ordnance 551 artillery artificer employed in 552 to be visited when thought necessary 557 Secretary of AVar to direct building and management of 565 respecting establishment of 574 manufacture of iron cannon at, how sui^erintended 586 France, commissioners in, to forward uniforms, blankets, etc 251, 252 disposition of clothing shipped from 322 arms and militar}' stores shipped from 565 Franking privilege, conferred on heads of bureaus; franked matter may l)e conveyed without indorsement or name of writer 34, 38 exercised only by written autograph signatures. 36, 38 to whom specifically granted 73, 111, 205, 340, 465 abolished 38, 681 "Franklin" (armed schooner), mentioned 541 Franklin, Ben.iamin, member of committee 239, 535, 536, 537 mentioned 488 Frazek, John Gizzage, appointed assistant to th^ <>iuarlermaster-General 141 INDEX. 733 Fkazer, Persifor, Page. elected Clothier-General 297 declined 297 mentioned 238, 297 Fkeedmen, provisions may be issued to destitute 655 tracts of land for use of loyal 656 all loyal, under care of Bureau of Eefugees and Freedmen 656 measures in aid of 658 certain buildings constructed for, may be sold 662 mentioned 67i Freedmen's hospitals, to be continued at designated points - 662 French, Samuel, commissioned major, commissary of military stores with the army 550 mentioned 533 French army, barrackmaster appointed to the 181 French language, teacher of the, authorized 497 French squadron {see Fleet). Freight charges, ordnance appropriations not to be used to pay 607 Frontiers, ration increased for men servhig on the 329, 330 Frost, George, member of committee 254 Frothingham, Richard, appointment of, as field conunissary of military stores, confirmed 568 mentioned 534 Fry, James B., mentioned 665 Fuel, officers absent exceeding six months not entitled to 32 may be furnished 38, 40, 41, 220 allowance of, or commutation for, prohibited _ 41 to be issued to the troops 143 who entitled to draw 183, 220 in kind only to storekeepers in Quartermaster's Department 208 respecting, for hospitals 376 issues of, to destitute refugees and freedmen 655 mentioned 37,209,213,643 Funds {see Bounty fund; Contingent fund), respecting, for the Southern Department 158 Department of Military Stores 551 , 557 guards for safe conveyance of 184 Furlough, officers on, not entitled to pay or forage beyond time grante -123 Hospital stewards {see Pay; Rations; Subsistence money; Clothing; For- '^Tuthorized .... 371, 384, 387, 392, 404, 407, 409, 414, 417, 424, 427, 429, 430, 433, 438 duties of 396 how appointed 396,404,414,424,427,430,433 to take the oath of office - 390 in service one year entitled to clothing SSI- number of, reduced 436 reduction of number of, suspended 437 mentioned 386,389,410 Hospital stores, estimates of, to be submitted 384 respecting transportation of 387 in Virginia •■ 391 Hospital surgeons (eS^-e Hospital physicians; Pay; Rations; Foracje), authorized -104, 409 how appointed - - 397, 404, 407 duties of ;108 rank of, regulated 399 authorized to be retained -109 mentioned 373,398,407,410 Hospital surgeon's mates {see Fax; Rations; Subsistence money), authorized 364, 365, 370, 371, 384, 404, 407, 409 how appointed 368, 396 duties of ---- 386,398,408 no appointments of, to be made to fill vacancies 395 mentioned 366,372,386,395,410 Hostlers (see Pay; Rations), allowed to hospitals 371 Hot Springs, Ark., an army and navy hospital to be erected at 432 How, Baxter, mentioned ^^'^ Howard, John F., member of committee 3-6, 457 mentioned 1^0, 569 Howard, Oliver ()., mentioned ""^^ Howe, Robert, mentioned l-"!' -^1 Howe, Willl\m, mentioned "-l^ Howell, Jr., Joseph, mentioned -- '^'^'^ Howell, Richard, appointed brigade major 56 elected judge-ad vo(;ate 1-' mentioned 1-1> 1-' Howitzers, „ to be contracted for C)45 INDEX. 741 HowLEY, RuirARD, Page. mentioned 565 Hudson, Jonathan, elected paymaster in Baltimore 447 excused therefrom by Congress 449 Hudson Rivek, N. Y., respecting supplies for army on or near the 281 hospital to be established for the army on the 368 respecting obstructions in the 524 mentioned 370 Hughes, Messrs. Daniel and Samuel, contract to be made with, for 1,000 tons of cannon 542 Hughes, Daniel, mentioned 554 Hughes, Hugh, appointed assistant (juartermaster-general _ 143 Hughes, Samuel, mentioned 554 HuLiNG, John, appointed brigade inspector 89 Hill, William, appointed brigade inspector 89 Humphreys, Andrew A., mentioned 483 Humphreys, Charles, member of committee 540 Humphreys, Whitehead, mentioned 550 Huntingdon, Samuel, member of committee 539, 540 mentioned 145 Huntington, Ebenezer, to assist the Adjutant-General 56 Huntington, Jedediah, mentioned 58, 60 HuTCHiNs, Thomas, appciinted geographer to the Southern Army 493 mentioned 484, 495 Huts, respecting erection of, for the troops .* 154 Hyrxe, Edmund, elected deputy adjutant-general for the Southern Department 61 I. Ice harbor, relative to, at St. Louis, Mo 519 Illinois and Michigan Canal, mentioned 519, 521 Illinois River, respecting improvement of the 528 Illinois Territory, respecting pay of the general staff of, while in service 465 Imbret, Jean Louis, to be employed as engineer 487 Importation, respecting, of provisions 250, 278' clothing 251, 263 salt 261, 271 hides 263, 547 arms, etc 536, 537, 539, 541, 543, 573 leatl, flints, and tin 538 Impressment, respecting, of carriages, horses, etc 142, 270 provisions 155,158,268,277,289 goods, etc. , in Philadelphia 159, 290 articles of clothing 268, 275 wagons, shallops, etc 270 of t'arriages and horses to be avoided as much as possible 146 742 INDEX. Indianapolis, Ind., Page, an arsenal to be established at 591 Indianapolis Arsenal, mentioned 524 Indian corn, to \)e purchased 251 exportation of, prohibited 286 quotas of States to be furnished in 166, 303 how paid for 166 Indian depredations, rations to be furnished Floridian suffers from 341 Indian frontiers. (See Telegraph lines. ) Indian meal, to be issued in lieu of flour to prisoners of war 300, 645 received from States in lieu of flour 316 respecting trans})ortation of 279 Indians, rations may be issued to, visiting posts 341, 687 Infantry {see Light infantry), uniform of the 21 respecting supernumerary junior lieutenants of 455, 650 Ingalls, Rufus, mentioned 140 Inglis, , appointed brigade inspector — 89 Innis, James, elected judge-advocate - 126 mentioned 121, 127 Innoculation, to be discontinued 393 Inspection, of magazines of provisions 87, 253 plan of - - 90, 100 Secretary of War to report most eligible plan of 103 of vessels for Quartermaster's Department, by whom made 216 respecting, of unserviceable stores Ill the Quartermaster's Department 217 Subsistence Department 348 arms before issue 539 drafted men 669 Inspector of cattle, authorized 288, 325 duties of 288 Inspector of contracts, authorized 185,323,398,566 appointed 103, 324 to take the oath of office 323 Inspector-General (.te^; Rank; Pay; Forage; Baggage wagons; Bathorses), authorized 92, 96, 100, 105, 106, 110, 112, 116 appointed 88, 89 duties of 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 113, 114, 115, 183, 322 to receive the journals of Congress 99 letters, etc. , to and from the, free of postage 109, 11 1 how selected 109 {see Adjutant and Inspector-General. ) of ordnance, etc. , appointed 87, 548 of cavalry appointed 87 {see Medical Inspector-General.) office of one, abolished Ill abolition of office of one, repealed Ill volunteer, may be continued in service - - 117 mentioned 111> 311 assistant authorized 63, 96, 105, 112, 397, 565 duties of 63, 97, 98, 100, 101 may be performed by assistant adjutants-general _ 111 to perform duties of adjutants-general 63, 97, 105 not to lose rank — the line 108 to be taken from the line 109 INDEX. 743 Inspector-General — Continued. Page. assistant to be attached to each army corps 112, 116 deputy, authorized 106,' 109 ei-otiicio deputy adjutant-general 69, 107 assistant, authorized 109 Inspector-General's Department, how constitute! 89, 100, 109, 113, 114, 115, 117 necessary books and paper to be furnished the 179 mustering duty to be performed by officei^ of the 95 no appointments or promotions to be made in the 112 appointments in the, how made 115 vacancies in the, how filled 116, 117, 1 18 respecting details for duty in the 117, 118 Inspectors {sef. Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons; Bathorses), authorized 89, 96, 100, 103, 104, 106 how appointed 90, 96, 105, 106 appointed 90, 92, 94, 95, 96, 100, 103 duties of 63, 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102 to act as adjutants-general 60, 63, 66, 67, 90, 104 of a separate army, allowed an assistant 102 letters to and from the, of the Army free of postage 108 (see Medical Inspectors. ) to perform duties of mustering officers 636 of public property, punishable for neglect of duty, etc, 215 office of, discontinued ." 103 assistant, authorized - 105, 106, 108 to be deputy adjutants-general 105 retain place in the line 106, 108 subassistant, authorized 93, 96, 108 how appointed 96 appointed 89, 94, 95, 99 duties of 63, 97, 98 of fortifications 496 light-houses 505 gunpowder 542 pay of, of ordnance 585 Intrenching tools, measures to prevent loss of. _ 149 agent appointed for care of all 157 Invalids (see Retired list), disabled officers to be placed on lists of 24, 25 surgeon appointed to regiment of 390 Inventions {see Patents), board to examine all, in heavy ordnance, etc .* 519 no expenditure allowed for perfecting, by officers of the Army 594 Invoices, respecting, of imported clothing 253 goods, etc. , taken from Philadelphia 287 Irish, Nathaniel, commissioned captain of artillery artificers 549 Ikon, conduct of experiments in testing 513 Ij;o.\' Company Canal, nu'iitioned 521 Ikon works (se<; Salisbury iron works; Andover iron works). Irvine, Callender, mentioned 238 Irwin, Matthew, elected deputy commissary-general of issues 263 declined apix)intment 264 mentioned 264 Issues, of quartermaster stores to members of Congress discontinued 166, 306 respecting, of arms and military stores in camp 559 Isthmus op Darien, mentioned 506 Isthmus of Panama, respecting investigation of the ! 528 744 INDEX. J. Jackets, i'Age. uniform, not to ])e pun^hased until old stock is exhausted 222 Jackson, , mentioned 125 Jackson, David, appointed hospital ])hysician and surgeon 389 mentioned 395 James, Thomas, mentioned - - 548 Jay, John, member of committee 364 Jenifer, D., of St. Thomas, member of committee 104, 299 Jenifer, Daniel, promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395 Jervais, John Lewis, appointed deputy paymaster of South Carolina 452 mentioned 452 Jesup, Thomas S., mentioned 140 Johnson, Francis, elected commissary of prisoners 641 mentioned 637, 641 Johnson, Robert, elected hospital physician 394 to do the duty of purveyor for military hospital in the Southern depart- ment - 395 Johnson, Thomas, member of committee 239, 246, 367, 535, 536 Johnson, Thomas, requested to have military stores at Annapolis removed to Frederick and those at Baltimore to Carlisle 546 Johnson, William, to do duty as brigade-major 57 Johnston, Joseph E., mentioned 140 Johonot, William, elected assistant apothecary 389 Jones, Roger, allowed pav of his commission as Adjutant-General from 1821 to March 7, 1825... 1 75 mentioned 52 Jones, Roger' mentioned 86 Jones, Thomas, sheepskins for use of artillery to be delivered on application to 322, 565 Jones, Walter, elected physician-general of hospital in Middle Department 373 declined appointment 375 mentioned 361, 375 Jordan, John, commissioned captain-lieutenant of artillery artificers 549 promoted captain 554 mentioned 563 Journals of Congress, to be furnished the Adjutant-General 63 Inspector-General 99 respecting extracts from the, relative to commissary and clothiers' depart- ments 286 Judge-Advocatks (fiee Pay; Rank; Rations; Forage), authorized 124,128,129,130,132,135 appointed , . ., 123,124,125 127 to countersign copies of Articles of War 123 prosecute in tlie name of the United States 123, 128 appointment of, announced to the Army 123, 1 27 (/SVf Depositions; Writs; Witnesses.) how appointed l*^"^ , INDEX. 745 Judge-Advocates — Continued. Page. duties of 125, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134 entitled to one wagon or two l^athorses 126, 127, 187 deputy, how appointed 1 27 number of, limited 132 [See SniRra; Linen.) corps of, mergetl into Judge- Advocate-General' r^ Department 133 authorized on staff of army corps 134 continued in service - 135 acting, may be detailed 135, 136 status of, as to tenure of office 131 mentioned 129,131,134 Judge-Advocate's Department, resolves of Congress relative to the, repealed 127 Judge-Advoc.\te-General {see'RASK; Pay; Baggage wagons; Bathorses), authorized 130,131,132,133 duties of : 123,130,131,132,133 (see Bureau of Military Justice.) ex-offido commissioner of the Soldiers' Home 133 mentioned - 124, 132 assistant, authorized - 131 deputy, appointed 124 Jury duty, workmen in armories exempted from 576 Judge-Advocate-Generai-'s Department, how constituted - 133, 134, 135 promotions in the, how made 134 respecting chief of the - 136 chief of the, how selected 136 vacancies in the, how filled 136 K. Kelton, John C, mentioned 52 Kemper, , mentioned 292 Kermovan, John, appointed engineer to the Continental service 486 Kettles, to be procured - 145 sent to Southern Army 318 incased 180 supplied to soldiers without cost - 687 Kewaunee, Wis., improvement of harbor at - 519 Key West, Fla., improvement of harbor at 522 Kirby, E., mentioned 52 Kirkpatrick, , appointed I'aptain-lieuteiiant in the corps of sappers and miners 493 Klein, David, appointed deputy commissary of prisoners 641 Knox, Henry, mentioned ^'^, 549, 559, 568 Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, appointed engineer in the service of United States 487 li. Laboratory, establishment of : 545, 547, 562 Secretarv of War to direct building and management of 565 mentioned '- 548, 557, 564, 565 Laboratory artillerymen, respecting company of 550 Laborers, necessary, in Quartermaster's Department authorized 167, 198, 201 by whom appointed 1*^9, 198 746 INDEX. Laborers — Continued. Page. occasional, authorized in hospital department 363, 369 in Ordnance Department authorized 579, 596 status respecting bounty laws, etc 586 to be designated privates of the second class. . 591, 596 La Crosse, Wis., construction of a bridge at, across the Mississippi River 512 Lake Erie, bridging channel between, and Lake Huron 512 canal route from, to the Ohio River 526 Lake George, N. Y., mentioned 366 Lake Huron, relative to bridging channel between, and Lake Erie 512 Lake Michigan, mentioned 521 Lakes, respecting supply of army on the 246 storm signals on the northern 614 surgeon appointed for fleet fitting out on the 367 sites for light-houses, etc., on the northwestern, to be determined by the Topographical Bureau 505 deep waterways between the Great, and the Atlantic 526 Lake Samamish, mentioned 524 Lake Superior Ship Canal Railway, mentioned 521 Lake Union, mentioned - 524 Lake Washington, mentioned 524 Lancaster, Pa., factory of firearms at, mentioned 541 respecting escape of prisoners of war at 650 Landings, along water front of Washington and Georgetown to be examined 511 Lands, grant of, for service in Revolutionary war 11, 389 not granted to claimants under an assignment 11 provisions granting, extended to general officers 19 officers of hospital department 389 assignment of tracts of, to refugees or f reedmen 656, 657 respecting, held by the late Confederate States 658 Langdon, John, member of committee 239, 240, 536, 537 mentioned - 54,142,242,540 Lanterns, style of, for use in powder magazines 567 Larned, Benjamin F., mentioned 443 Latimer, Henrv, appointed senior surgeon in the flying hospital 382 hospital physician and surgeon 389 Laurens, John, member of committee ■'^'^l V- mentioned 322, 565 Lawrence, Jonathan, appointed captain in the corps of sappers and miners 493 Lawrence, John, appointed judge-advocate 124 pay and allowances of, established 124 resignation accepted 126 mentioned 121, 126 Lawson, John, to do duty as brigade-major 59 Lawson, Thomas, mentioned 362 INDEX. 747 Lead, Page. inquiry to be made respecting virgin and lead ores 536 importation of, authorized 538 imported, how disposed of 543 to be furnished the Southern army 563 exportation of, prohibited 573 imported, to be free of duty 573 surplus pig, to be sold 594 Leaden spouts, in Philadelphia, to be taken down for laboratory 548 Lead mines, respecting, at New Canaan, N. Y 539 in Maryland _ 548 Colonies requested to report condition of 541 in State of New York to be worked 549 prisoners of war may be furnished for Mork in New York 641 Learned, Ebenezer, mentioned 62, 89 Leases, respecting, of lands in the Southern States 657, 658 Leather {see Hides; Deerskins), purchase of, authorized 153, 274, 300 raw hides may be exchanged for 263 mentioned 547 Leather manufactory, mentioned 549 Leave of absence, respecting officers on, exceeding six months 32 granted extra territorially, when to commence and terminate 48 officers of Hospital Department on, not entitled to rations, etc 388, 400 on, to receive only half pay if not sick or wounded 681 nurses may be granted 439 length of, without reduction of pay 38, 682, 683 Le Baron, Francis, mentioned 362 Ledyard, Isaac, elected assistant purveyor 389 Lee, Charles, mentioned 56, 60, 90, 304 Lee, Francis Lightfoot, member of committee 272, 283, 535, 539 Lee, John F., mentioned 121 Lee, Richard Henry, member of committee 246, 253, 544 Lee, William, recominended bj' Congress for appointment of Adjutant-General 57 Lee, William R., to do duty as brigade-major 56 "Le Tier Roderique" (ship), mentioned 286, 555 L'Enfant, Pierre Charles, appointed captain in the Corps of Engineers 490 promoted to rank of major by brevet 495 mentioned 490 , 495 Leonard, Nathaniel, mentioned 383 Letters {see Franking privilege), to army in Mexico free of postage 31 official , t( ) heads of bureaus free of postage 38 free of postage to and from the Adjutant-General 71, 72, 73 inspector of the Arm v 108 General. . /. 109, 111 Quartermaster-General 183, 197, 201 , 205 Commissary-General 335, 339, 340 director of hospital 394 physician-general 408 apothecary-general 408 748 INDEX. Letters — Continued. Page. free of postage to and from the Surgeon-General 408, 412 Paymaster-General 465 Chief of Engineers 502 Topographical Engineers 502 Commissary-General of Ordnance 579 Chief of Ordnance 584 Lewis, Andrew, , mentioned _ 57 Lewis, Morgan, appointed deputy quartermaster-general 144 elected deputy quartermaster-general 144 mentioned 140 Lewis, Francis, member of committee 240, 241, 863, 364 mentioned 142 Lewis, William, appointed brigade inspector 89 Library {see Washington Public Library). Library op Congress, construction of the, under Chief of Engineers 523 privilege of the, granted to Chief of Engineers 524 mentioned 525, 526 LlEBER, GuiDo N., mentioned .* 121 Light artillery, respecting clothing for the 334 Light boats, sites for, to be determined by Topographical Bureau 505 Light dragoons, uniform of the 16 respecting clothing for the 334 Light-House Board, how constituted in part 505 mentioned 505 Light-house inspectors, respecting detail of officers as 505 Light-houses, sites for, to be determined by Topographical Bureau 505, 506 construction and renovation of, under superintendence of engineer offi- cers 505, 506 plans for certain, to be approved by Topographical Bureau 505 Light infantry, uniform of the 1 S, 19, 22 Lincoln, Abraham, repairs to house in which President, died 528 Lincoln, Benjamin, mentioned 91, 100 Linen, care of, purchased for the Army 142 fit for tents, how disposed of 148 to be imported • 263 respecting, for sick in hospitals 277, 376 distribution of small supply of 304, 382, 446, 447, 491 Lint, to be imported 365 LipPET, Christopher, mentioned 56 Liston's Point, Pa., respecting dike between, and Reedy Island 526 Litters, to be provided 372 horse and mule, authorized 421 Little Rock Arsenal, respecting pay of military storekeeper at the 587 Live stock {sec Cattle), allowances to agents purchasing 269 pay, etc., of sujierintendent of 317 purchased, how deliverable 317 INDEX. 749 Livingston, , Page. iiieniber of committee 537, 539 Livingston, — , mentioned 544 Livingston, , to do duty as brigade-major 55 Livingston, , mentioned .' tiO Livingston, Robert R., mentioned 54, 242 Livingston, Walter, cliosen for commissar\- of stores and provisions for tiie New York Depart- ment " 239 Livingston, William, mentioned 176 Lockhart, Patrick, to procure pack horses and provisions for expedition against Detroit 157, 286 Long, Nicholas, appointed dejuity quartermaster-general 143 to have rank of colonel 143 Long, Stephen H., • mentioned 484 Low, Simeon, appointed assistant adjutant-general 66 Lons XVIII, mentioned 500 Louis Philippe, mentioned 500 Louisiana, recruiting officers not to be sent into 677 Louisville, Kv., quartermaster's depot at, mentioned 217 Louisville and Portland Canal, mentioned 524 Lovell, James, member of committee 87 Lovell, Joseph, mentioned ■)62 LowRY, Thomas, appointed to supply rations to New Jersey Imttalions 242 Ludington, Marshall J., mentioned 1-40 Ludwig, Christopher, appointed superintendent of bakers 253 continued in that office 318 compensation of, for past services 318 LuKENs, Charles, commissioned major-commissary of military stores at Carlisle 549 jiay of 549 excused from further service 561 mentioned -534 Lutterloh, Henry Emanuel, appointed deputy quartermaster-general 152 commissary of forage 1 "9 Lrx, Darby, mentioned 548 Lyman, Daniel, appointed brigade-major 56 Lynch, Thomas, member of committee 364 mentioned - 243 M. ]»I(('lure, , mentioned 59 M'CooMB, John, autli(jrized to act as quartermaster at Princeton 152 750 INDEX. McCk)RMiCK, Henry, Page. appointed brigade major 59 to do the duty of brigade major 62 appointed brigade inspector 94 McDouGALL, Alexander, mentioned 55, 95, 632 McGowAN, John, , to do the duty of brigade major 59, 62 appointed brigade inspector 89 mentioned 60 McHenry, James, mentioned 4 McHenry, James, mentioned - 367 McIntosh, Lachlan, mentioned 59, 89 McKallister, John, mentioned 263 McKean, Thomas, member of committee 247, 537 mentioned 297 McKnight, Charles, elected surgeon-general for the hospital in middle department 378 chief hospital physician 389 mentioned 361 McLean, Nathaniel H., appointment of, in the Adjutant-General's Department, or his reinstate- ment and retirement authorized 78 McLinney, , to act as brigade major 60 McWiLLiAMs, William, to do duty as brigade major - 56 McFeely, Robert, mentioned 238 Mackay, Eneas, mentioned 248 Mackenzie, Samuel, mentioned 370 Macomb, Alexander, mentioned 52, 483 Magazines, certain, to be inspected 87, 253 barracks, etc. , to be erected at principal 152, 259 of provisions to be established 157, 245, 250, 279, 280, 288, 291, 310, 316, 324 North Carolina to furnish, of forage 179 Secretary of War to direct building and management of 184, 565 of military stores to be established , 541, 544, 545, 547, 572 inspected 564 duties of keepers of, and arsenals 580 mentioned 180, 244, 245, 251, 279, 544, 563, 570, 578 Maiming, Freedmen's Bureau to prohibit, as a punishment 659 Malcolm, William, appointed deputy adjutant-general in northern department 60 permitted to hold his rank in the Army and his regiment 61 mentioned 59, 493 Malt liquor, may be issued in lieu of rum, whisky, or brandy 333 Manchester, mentioned 571 Maneuvers, respecting system of 89, 90, 91, 92, 96 troops to be instructed in 87, 90 Manufactory, of tire arms at Lancaster, Pa. , mentioned 541 respecting establishment of a, of fire arms 555 allowances to superintendent of certain, of arms 581 INDEX. 751 INI A PS, Page. surplus, of the Signal Office may be sold 615, 616 IVIarchant, Henry, member of committee 254 Marcy, Randolph B., mentioned 86 Marine agent, to appoint a commissary for marine prisoners 650 mentioned 495 Marine committee, to regulate issue of provisions to the French squadron 287 aid the Commissary-General to fulfill certain engagements 300 be applied to for use of Government vessels. 540 control exchange of marine prisoners 644, 650 Marine Corps, respecting enlistment of drafted men in the 672 issue of provisions to detachments of 337 Mariaxna, Fla., mentioned -__ 501 Marmie, Turnbull & Co., mentioned 327 "Marquis of Kildare" (brig), mentioned 146, 248, 543 Marselis, Gysbert, appointment of, as barrack master confirmed 143 ■ Marshall, Elihu, to act as brigade-major 60 Marshall, John, appointed deputy judge-advocate 124 Martin, , accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401 Marvin, Elihu, appointed brigade-major pro tem 59 Maryland, uniform of the, line 15 requested to seize provisions, etc., in hands of engrossers 158, 289 provide guards for certain prisoners of war 649 not to grant exceptions from embargo 289 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166 provisions, etc 306, 313 when deliverable 315 t( ) furnish flour and Indian com 303 cattle 311 part of flour furnished by, may be retained in the State 310 respecting mode of obtaining saltpeter from tobacco houses in 538 removal of certain military stores in 546 lead mine in 548 mentioned 264,271,279,280,287,545 Mason, David, excused from further service 560 Massachusetts, uniform of the, line 15 establishment of magazines of provisions in 157 mentioned 322, 636 Massachusetts Bay', requested to seize certain clothing 277 board of war of, requested to import flour and provide vessels 278 quota of, to be furnished in provisions 306, 312 how paid for 307 when deliverable 314 to furnish cattle 310, 311 requested to collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 report condition of lead mines 541 respecting erection of magazine and laboratory in 545, 547 removal of prisoners of war in 642 mentioned - 123,240,271 752 INDEX. Massenbach, , Psvge. elected engineer f Dr Southern Department 485 Massey, William, appointed deputy luuster-niaster-general for South CaroUna and Georgia. 835 Master armorers {see Pay) , authorized 572, 598 how appointed 572 to be designated as sergeants 596 Mates {see Surgeon's mates; Hospital mates; Apothecary's mates). Matrons {see Pay; Rations), authorized 371, 384, 3^2 by whom appointed 372, 387, 391 Mattack, Timothy, to be employed as storekeeper , 142 Matthews, John, member of committee !•!, 17, 286 mentioned 17, 157, 394 Maumee Valley Monumental Association, mentioned 522 Maus, Matthew, mentioned 390 Maxwell, William, mentioned 59, 60, 89, 95 Mead, Israel, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Meal {see Indian meal). Measam, George, continued in office of superintendent of commissary of stores for the Northern Army; pay of 246 elected commissary of clothing for the Northern Army; allowed pay and rations of a major 248 Mease, James, to deliver to the quartermaster-general all the cloth fit for tents 148 appointed commissary to supply the Pennsylvania battalions 243 to purchase nece.ssary articles for approaching winter 249, 250 hats and caps and employ tailors 250 appointed clothier-general 252 mentioned 145,238,247,253,288 Mease and Caldwell, (Messrs.), mentioned 246 Meat, agents to jiurchase, east of the Susquehanna 280 Mechanics, necessary, i n Quartermaster' s Department authorized 201 Medical attendance, nurses entitled to 439 respecting, to families of officers and men 433 Medical boards, authorized 396,405,419 duties of 396,397,398,405 mentionetl 418 Medical cadets, authorized -116, 417 duties of 416 to have rank and pay of West Point cadets 416 Medical commitfee, to supply director of hospital with medicines 366 increased ^ 366 to forward medicines, etc. , to indicated points 367, 369 purchase medicines 367 provide antiscorbutics for the hospitals 368 provide accommodation for the sick 369 employ agents in each State to purchase medicines 370 resolution relative to Medical Department recommitted to the 381 to revise regulations relating to the hospital deimrtment 382 take measures for carrying on business of the Medical Dei)artnicnt 383 give directions for establishing a hospital in Virginia 391 INDEX. 758 Medical committee — Continued. Vuge. discontinued; returns and papers of the, to be lodged with the liojird of war 394 reports of 375, 383 Medical Department {see Hospital Department; Hospital Corps), inquiry to be made into abuses in the 368 how constituted 410, 423, 427, 429, 437 increased 411, 413, 414, 416, 417, 418, 419, 433, 436 officers of the, not to be concerned in trade 388 respecting vacancies in the 414, 428 (see National Homes for Disabled Volunteers; Soldiers' Home. ) nurse corps attached to the 439 mentioned 394, 397, 401, 407, 408, 412, 428, 429, 435, 436, 455 Medical director, duties of, of army corps 420 respecting, of armies in the field 423 Medical inspector-general, authorized 417 how appointed 417 duties of 417, 418 Medical inspectors, authorized 417, 419 how appointed 417, 419 duties of - 4 1 7, -J 1 8, 420 mentioned 418 Medical officers {see Surgeons), duties of chief, of army corps 420 respecting pensions to, who served in the Revolutionary war 409 captured, who have charge of sick prisoners 394 entitled to one additional ration for every five years' service 412 to unite with line officers in supervising cooking 420 a, to report upon epidemic cholera 427 not entitled to command by virtue of their rank 413, 429 to rank according to date of commission 433 attend families of officers and men 433 regulating grades of certain 434 respecting assignment of - 435 number of, increased 436 mentioned - 423 Medical property, accounts to be taken of - 398 Medical purveyors {see Pay, Rations, Forage Land), authorized 38^,404,423,429 how appointed 388, 404 appointed - 389 to take the oath of office 390 duties of 385, 386, 387, 390, 391 , 397, 404, 417, 418, 429 to give bonds 419, 423, 430 undergo examination 424 may be assigned to duty as surgeons 429 mentioned - 384 deputy, authorized 392 appointed - 39.3,395,398 duties of 392 assistant, appointed 395 ]Medical staff, extended - 409 brigade surgeons attached to the 419 Medical storekeepers {see Pay), authorized 418 to give bonds - 418, 419 abolished 428 Medical stores {see Medicines), to be inspected - - - 365 druggist appointed in Philadelphia to receive all 367 respecting removal of - 369, 376 loss of or damage to, how punished 383 S. Doe. 229 48 754 INDEX. Medical Stores — Continued. i'»&e. all, not necessary to be sold 400 respecting accountability for 377 returns of all, to be made 401 respecting issue of, to destitute refugees or freedmen 657 Medicines {see Peruvian bark), purchase of, authorized 240, 364, 365 to be imported 365 supplied , 365, 366 provided 367, 369, 370, 380 returns ot to be made 369, 399 estimates of, required to be submitted 384 all, in Virginia to be collected 391 mentioned 404 Medicine wagons, mentioned 421 Mehelm, John, appointed commissary of hides 291 mentioned 238 Meigs, Montgomery C, placed in charge of construction of Pension building 227 to superintend construction of Washington Aqueduct 507 mentioned 140 Melchior, , to dismiss certain of his deputies 163 Memorial, on necessity of a corps of engineers, mentioned 495 Memorial bridge, respecting a, from AVashingtou City to Arlington, Ya 526 Memphis, Tenn., respecting construction of an arsenal at 584 Meng, Wollory, commissioned captain superintendent of leather majiufactory 549 captain in Colonel Flowers' s regiment 553 Mentges, Francis, allowed additional compensation while acting as inspector of contra(-ts to the Southern army under General Greene's appointment 103 mentioned 85, 103 Mercer, James, member of committee 164, 299 Mercury (ship), mentioned 252, 546 Merlet, , mentioned - - 90 Meteorological observations, at military posts, authorized 614, 616 Mexican frontier, respecting telegraph lines on the 615 Mexican War {see Badges), sappers and miners who served in the, entitled to discharge 504, 505 status as to allowances of men of the Ordnance Department who served in the 586 Mexico, letters, etc. , to army in, free of postage 31 respecting care of cemetery near city of 221 Miami River, Fla., respecting routes from, to the sea 528 Michigan and Illinois Canal, mentioned 519 Middle Department, respecting salt for troops in the 271 , 275 importation of flour from the 278 mentioned 54,373,374,375,378,449 MiDDLETON, member of committee - - - 247, 363, 544 Mifflin, Jonathan, appointed brigade-major - 55 deputy quartermaster-general 152 INDEX. 755 Mifflin, Thomas, Page. member of committee 17, 535 appointed Quartermaster-General 141 conditionally 145 requested by Congress to resume office of Quartermaster-General 145 allowance to, for his service as Quartermaster-General 151 given leave to repair to General Washington's headquarters 151, 156 returned his commissions as major-general and Quartermaster-General . . . 153 resignation accepted, but commission of major-general returned to him . . 153 elected member of the Board of War 153 directed to exercise duties of Quartermaster-General notwithstanding his resignation 153 tendered his resignation 157 resigned c 160 mentioned 3, 17, 55, 90, 139, 140, 145, 146, 148, 152, 154, 160, 253 Mileage ( see Traveling expenses), rate of 34, 35, 38, 41, 43, 44, 48, 434 not legal in excess of actual ex|)enses 38 when transportation requests are furnished 47 how computed 685 Miles, John, appointed brigade quartermaster 183 Military Academy, Corps of Engineers to constitute a 497 respecting superintendence of the 497 how constituted 498 Superintendent of the, how selected 510 mentioned 230, 514 Military agents (see Pay), and assistants authorized 195, 332 office of, discontinued 197 Military asylum (.see Soldiers' Home), Military departments (see Eastern, New York, Northern, and Southern departments), commissary of forage authorized for each of the 148 duties of commanders of 151, 182, 375 mentioned 190, 247, 273, 288, 371, 423, 485, 564 Military divisions, mentioned 348 Military jurisdiction, all persons in Freedmen's Bureau to be under 163, 283, 657 Military prison, to be inspected 113, 114, 115 surgeon detailed for duty at the 427 Military societies {see Badges). Military storekeepers (.see Rank, Pay, Ordnance storekeepers), authorized in purchasing department 337, 339 Quartermaster's Department 208, 210, 218, 231 appointed 143 to give bonds 208, 597 grade of, in Quartermaster's Department, when to cease 222, 232 Military supplies (see Ordnance stores), inspection of unserviceable, by whom made Ill, 204, 340, 410, 616 means to prevent loss, etc. , of '. 149, 150 respecting purchase of 196, 564 sale of damaged, when to be made 204, 339, 410, 540, 616 Secretary of War to control and supervise all 210, 336 all surplus, to be sold 326 returns of all, to be made 326, 33C respecting forms of returns and accounts of 336, 578 Secretary of War to prescribe species and amounts of, to be purchased . . . 336 respecting proceeds of sales of 505, 587 Militia, inspectors to be appointed to the, when in service 96 commission allowed on payments to the 466 one paymaster allowed for two regiments of 467 respecting purchase of arms from the 539 756 INDEX. Militia — Continued. Page. arms to be provided for sale to the States 574 mentioned 245, 285, 449, 463, 465, 548, 576 Militia duty, respecting exemption from 547 Miller, Charles, pay and rations allowed to, as storekeeper 244 Mills {see Powder mills), flour barrels to be returned to the 275 Mills, John, mentioned 51, 85 Mines {see Lead mines; Symsbury mine). Minors, respecting discharge of - 674, 675 MiNOTS Rock, Mass., works near, mentioned - 504 Mississippi River, respecting road from the, to designated point in Arkansas 501 railroad from the, to the Pacific Ocean 506 construction of a bridge over the, at La Crosse, Wis 512 survey of mouth of 513 the, and its tributaries 513 location of bridge across the, at Hickman, Ky 522 bridge to St. Louis over the - 526 channel through southwest pass of the 526, 528 Mississippi River Commission, how constituted 518, 519 Missouri, respecting construction of arsenals in 584 Missouri River, respecting improvement of the, to Sioux City, Iowa 528 Missouri River Commission, how constituted - -"- - 520 mentioned -- 528 Mobile Bay, respecting erection of an arsenal on. _ 583 Moccasins, men to be selected to make, for their corps 270 Moffat, , mentioned 593 Moneys, respecting, obtained from sales of stores and supplies 505, 587 appropriated for the Ordnance Service 595, 599 Signal Service 620 public, how accounted for 200, 336, 408, 462, 463, 578 MONONGAHELA NAVIGATION COMPANY,- mentioned 521 Montgomery, John, appointed to muster Major Wilson's battalion 635 MooKE, James, api)oiiited brigade major 61, 63 inspector 96 Moore, John, appointed to act as an assistant commissary of purchases 282 Moore, John, mentioned - 362 Moore, Willis E., mentioned f>93 Morgan, George, to appoint a deputy commissary for the troops on the western frontiers of Virginia 251 appointed deputy commissary-general of purchases 273 mentioned 291 Morgan, John, elected director-general and chief physician 364 appointed director-general and physician in chief 367 mentioned 361,366,368,369,380 Morgan, Michael R., mentioned - - 238 INDEX. 757 MOERIS, GOUVERNEUR, Page. member of committee 15, 291 mentionetl 159, 160 Morris, Lewis, member of committee .- 253, 535, 539, 540 Morris, Robert, member of committee 246 Morris, Robert, directed to send 3 tons of steel and 5 tons of nail rods for the use of the army in the Northern Department 545 Mortars, respecting the casting of 549 arrival of imported, announced 550 contracts to be made for 554 mentioned 570 Moultrie, William, mentioned 648 Mount Vernon, Va., survey of a national road from the Aqueduct Bridge to 523 MoYLAN, John, elected clothier-general 318 appointment announced to the Army 319 mentioned 238 MovLAN, Stephen, elected Quartermaster-General 144 appointment of, announced to the Army 144 to have rank of colonel and pay of $H0 a m< mth 144 appointed muster-master-general 631 mentioned 140, 145, 629 Muhlenberg, Peter, mentioned as, 59, 61, 89, 94 Mule litters, authorized in lieu of amlHilancts 421 Mullany, James R., mentioned 140 Mullens, Thomas, appointed brigade-major 58, 59 to act as brigade-major 59 Mumkord, William Green, elected deputy commissary -general of issues 263 Murray, , to be commissioned captain of sappers and miners 491 resigned 493 Murray', Robert, mentioned 362 Musket locks {see Gunlocks), to be imported 537 Muskets (sef Rifles), respecting importation of 536 manufacture of - 537, 539, 541, 543, 555 purchase of 538, 539, 541 all to be stamped "United States " 546 distribution of imported 546 impressment of 548 to be furnished the Southern army 563 mentioned 547 Mustering Department, plan of the. 96 necessary books and paper to be furnished the - 179 mentioned - 636 discontinued - 636 MuSTERINt; OFFICERS, duties of - 98 Muster- Master-General (xee Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage), appointed - 631, 632 deputv, authorized 633, 635 " appointed 631,632,634,635 758 INDEX. Mustee-Master-General — Continued. Page. deputy, to take the oath of office 635 duties of 632 Muster masters (see Pay; Rations; Forage), for corps of wagoners authorized 635 respecting issue of small quantity of shirts and linen to 304, 636 mentioned - 636 deputy, authorized 631, 632, 633 appointed 634, 635 duties of 634 Muster rolls, abstracts of, to whom sent 57, 633 how made 97, 98 to be sworn to 634 Musters, by whom made 95, 100, 636 how made 97, 98 when to be made 631, 633 Myer, Albert J., mentioned 611 N. Nash, William H., mentioned 238 National armories, to be established at each arsenal 572 reports of arms made and repaired in, to be made 572 National cemeteries, authorized 218 superintendents of, how selected 218, 220, 226 to be inclosed 219, 226 graves in, how marked 219, 221, 226 care of cemetery near City of Mexico 221, 222, 226 National Home for Soldiers' and Sailors' Ori'mans, respecting issue of medical stores to the 423 National Homes for Disabled Volunteers, respecting clothing for the 222, 687 obsolete ordnance and ordnance stores for tlie 605 to be inspected yearly 116 medical stores to be sold to the 424, 436 National road, survey of a, from the Aqueduct Bridge to Mount Vernon, Va 523 Naval arsenals, respecting erection of 500 Naval officers, to inspect steam vessels for the Quartermaster's Department 216 Naval service, provisions respecting artificial limbs api^licable to men in the 426 mariners liable to draft may enlist in the 671 enlistments in the, how credited 672, 676, 678 mentioned 670 Negroes, to be enrolled 675 bounty to slave, to whom paid 676 Nevada volunteers, respecting traveling expenses of, discharged in New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah 472 Nevin, Daniel, to be commissioned captain of sappers and miners 491 appointed captain of engineers 491 New Canaan, N. Y., respecting lead mine at 539 New England, legislatures of, requested to authorize impressment of transportation 142 New Hampshire, uniform of the, line - . - 15 quota of, to be furnished in provisions 306, 312 INDEX. 759 New Hampshire — Continued. v^ge. quota of, to be furnished in provisions, how paid for 307 when deliverable 80V, 314 requested to furnish cattle * 310 collect saltpeter and brimstones 535 New Jersey, uniform of the, line 15 requested to authorize impressment of provisions in hands of engrossers . 1 58, 289 (|uota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166 provisions 306 how paid for 307, 313 when deliverable 807, 314 requested to call for contributions of blankets 268 not to grant exemptions from embargo 289 to furnish flour 304 cattle 310 collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 report condition of lead mines 541 improvement of channel between, and Staten Island 513 mentioned 176, 271, 291, 311, 368, 380, 381, 390, 545, 550 New London, Conn., mentioned 383, 571 New Mexico, traveling expenses of California volunteers discharged in 472 respecting pay of military storekeeper of ordnance in 587 New Orleans, La., respecting construction of custom-house in 505 Newton, John, mentioned 483 New Windsor, N. Y., mentioned 400 New York, uniform of the, line 15 requested to authorize impressment of provisions in hands of engrossers. 158, 289 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166 provisions 806, 312 how paid for 307, 312 when deliverable 307, 314 requested not to grant exemptions from embargo 289 to cause distribution of certain provisions 300 sulphur in New York City to be removed 690 collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 respecting lead mines in 539, 541, 549, 641 mentioned 639, 645, 648, 690 New York City, N. Y., quartermaster's depot at, mentioned 217 respecting certain bells taken from 569 sulphur in the 690 New York Department, appointment of staff officers for the - . 53, 141, 239, 445 Niagara, N. Y., pay of assistant military agent at 195 Niagara River, respecting width of draw in bridge across the 527 Nicaraguan Canal, mentioned 526 Nichols, Bela, commissioned first lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 559 Nichols, Noah, commissioned captain in regiment of artillery artificers 559 NicoDEMUs, William J. L., mentioned 611 Nicola, Lewis, mentioned 390 NicoLL, Abimael Y., mentioned 52, 86 760 INDEX. Nixon, John, Page, mentioned 55, 5f?, 62 NOARTH, GeORGIO, ^ mentioned 635 NON COMBATANTS, drafted, may be assigned to duty in liospitals 674 NoRRis George, commissioned first lieutenant of artillery artificers 549 North, William, appointment of, as inspector of the troops remaining in service confirmed . 103 to receive pay allowed to an inspector of a separate army 103 mentioned 51 , 52, 85 North Carolina, uniform of the, line 15 appointment of staff oflScers for duty in 143 respecting agents in, to purchase leather and deerskins 153, 274 quota of, to be furnished in forage 1 66 how paid for 166 provisions - . . 306, 313 how paid for 307 when deliverable 307, 314, 315 to furnish magazines of forage - 179 provisions 310 requested to lay an embargo on beef and pork 280 collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 mentioned z 246, 279, 365, 583, 632 North Carolina light horse, paymaster for the, ai^pointed 448 Northern army, appointment of staff officers for the 58, 103, 124, 144, 248, 364, 632 respec;ting supply of the 246 medicines to be sent to the - 367 mentioned 545 Northern Department, appointment of staff officers for the 57, 60, 265, 269, 290, 367, 370, 374 payment of troops in the, 1 )y wliom made 446 mentioned _ 12, 275, 368, 369, 378, 545, 633 North River Bridge, mentioned 524 Nourse, Charles J., mentioned 52 Nurse corps, how constituted 439 attached to Medical Department 437 payments to the, by whom made 439, 478 Nurses (««' Pay; Rations; Pensions), authorized 363,371,384,392,404,439 how appointed 364, 387, 391 female, may be substituted for soldiers 416, 430 O. Oath of Office, form of 12, 21, 33, 682, 684 to be taken by officers of the department of stores and provisions 239 purchases 261,284,317 issues 261 , 278 Quartermaster's Department 141, 154, 175, 188 Hospital Department 390 Pay Department 445, 458, 459, 460 Freedmen's Bureau 655, 659 inspectors of contracts 185, 323 respecting failure to take the 154, 377, 398, 566 Oaths, form of, as to correctness of muster rolls 98 of witnesses before courts-martial - - 128, 133 judge-advocates authorized to administer 134 boards of enrollment empowered to administer - 673 INDEX. 761 Observations, Page. respecting system of, by Signal Hervict^ (il 4 Okkice, civil, not to be held by officerw on the active list 685 holding a civil, no bar to receiving half pay 380, 453 Officers (m;e Engineer; Topographical Engineers; yiciNAL and Staff Officers), all, under rank of brigadier-general may be « isplaced by General Wash- ington 12 grant of land to 11,19 (See Pay; Rations; Half pay; Servants; Homes; Forage; Baggage Wagons; Bathorses; Brevets; Uniform; Badges; Retired List; Artificial Limbs; Prisoners of War.) forbidden to wear red coats 19 disabled, to be placed on list of invalids 24, 25 respecting line, transferred to staff 26, 31, 39, 70, 73, 93, 464, 683, 686 discharged in 1815 to receive three months' pay 27 entitled to pension for service in the Revolutionary war 28, 29 not to receive extra allowances not authorized by law 30 when deemed deserters , 32, 33 claims of, entitled to retirement 32, 34, 37, 39, 42 may purchase articles kept l)y vSubsistence Department 35, 41 length of service, how computed 36 respecting transportation to, traveling without troops 43 {See Mileage; Leave of Absence; Quarters; Travelini; Allowances; Volunteer Officers. ) respecting detail of, for staff duty 45, 134, 233, 234, 357, 358, 529, 606, 686 portmanteaus and valises issued to 160 supernumerary, of infantry 185, 323, 494, 566, 650 in hospitals to be cured of venereal diseases 376 detail of, for ambulance duty 420 settlement of accounts of 456 assignment of, to duty as paymasters 466, 467 in Freedraen' s Bureau 656, 657 {See Arms; Patents; Inventions. ) on active list not to hold anv Territorial civil office 685 mentioned ' 23, 183 Ogden, Aaron, appointed brigade-major 60, 66 to do the duty of brigade-major pro tem 63 O'Hara, James, mentioned 140, 319, 328 Ohio River, canal around falls of the, mentioned . 505 examination of all bridges over tlic 511, 512 canal route from Lake Erie to the 526 Oliphant, David, elected deputy director of the hospitals of the Southern Armv 394 mentioned 361, 382, 394 Oliver, Robert, appointed brigade-major 62 mentioned 99 Ordinance, for regulating the Clothing Department 293 Ordnance (,sy«' Cannon; Guns; Mortars), respecting issues of captured 592 (condemned 605 heavy rifled 593 unserviceable, may be sold 582 obsolete projectiles for, may be sold 595 depots of, authorized 596 respecting inventions of 519, 600 cost of, issued to States and Territories, how credited 602 contracts for, may I)e made 604 may be purchased \vi liout advertisement 604 reH))cctiiig fi'cight cliarges on 607 mentioned 577, 580, 581, 596 762 INDEX. Ordnance Btjeeau, Page. pay of principal assistant in the 587, 598 superintendent of manufacture of iron cannon authorized in the 585, 586 to purchase or contract for necessary ordnance and stores 604 Ordnance Department, how constituted 576, 579, 583, 592, 594, 595, 596, 604, 605, 606 increased 584, 586, 590, 591 respecting business of the, to be done in the field 656 report on condition of the 569 merged into the artillery 581 act merging the, into the artillery repealed 583 regulating number of subalterns transferred to the 585 enlisted men of the, how designated 590, 591 new appointments and promotions in the, forbidden 593 may l)e made 595 promotions and appointments in the, subject to examination 594 [see Vacancies. ) of the Navy mentioned 602 respecting details for duty in the 581, 606 mentioned 581, 595, 598, 600, 602 Ordnance officers {see Pay; Rations), may be retained or transferred to other corps 581 superintendents of designated armories to be 585, 590, 598 repealed 588 who served fourteen years as subaltern to be promoted 588, 597 to be examined prior to promotion 591, 597 {see Vacancies.) examination to precede appointment as 596 respecting examination of, who served as volunteers 603 promotion of 606 mentioned 582, 586, 600, 602, 604 Ordnance sergeants, authorized 583, 595 how selected 583, 595 Ordnance storekeepers {sec Rank; Pay), authorized 572, 592, 596, 600, 606 to give bonds 597 may be assigned as paymasters at arsenals and armories 592, 596 number of, limited 585 mentioned 219, 577, 580, 584, 587 office of, when to cease 605 Ordnance stores {see Chief of Ordnance), committee to consider means of obtaining 535 respecting magazines of 541, 574 removal of certain 546, 548 issues of, in camp 559 disposition of imported 565 in fixed magazines, how drawn out 556 returns of, to be made 557, 565, 568, 569, 577, 580, 581 respecting embezzlement, etc. , of 561 not to be sold without order of Congress 568 sale of, to be stopped 569 respecting forms of returns and accounts of 336, 578 establishment of depots of, authorized 580, 596 damaged or unsuitable, may be sold 582, 593, 598 regulates purchase of 589, 590, 604 cost of, issued to States and Territories, how credited 602 respecting freight charges on 607 mentioned 537, 541, 543, 544, 547, 551, 552, 553, 556, 557, 564, 568, 572, 573, 587 Oregon, pay of ordnance storekeepers in 587 Ores {see Lead), Orphans, of officers who died of wounds entitled to pension 24, 26 mentioned - 457 Otis, Samuel A., mentioned 277 INDEX. 763 Otto, Bodo, Page. accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401 Otto, Frederick, accepted commutation in lieu of half pay 401 OwiNGS, Nathaniel, mentioned 548 Oxen, number of, fit for service to be reportei I '. 147 respecting exchange of horses for draft 180 Ox teams, respecting sul)stitution of, for horse teams 158 P. Paca, William, member of committee 247, 249, 540 mentioned 146, 250 Pacific coast, respecting contracts for supplies needed on the 217, 218 erection of gun factories on the 524 deep-water harbor on the - 524 Pacific Ocean, respecting railroad t(j the 506 mentioned - 46 Pack animals, number of, limited 228 Packers, authorized 261 pay of, by whom regulated 262, 305 Packets {see Letters), Pails, huts for troops to be provided with 154 Paine, Robert Treat, member of committee 247, 363, 535, 538, 539, 540, 543, 545 mentioned 54, 242 Palfrey, William, elected Paymaster-General of the Army of the United States 446 pay increased 450 allowed the sum of $20,000 compensation for services 453 appointment announced to the Army 446 mentioned 443, 450, 453, 454 Palmer, , mentioned - 146, 248, 543 Pancoast, David, commissioned captain of artillery artificers 549 mentioned 554 Parks, Theophilus, commissioned lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 554 mentioned 559 Parke, John, appointed an assistant to the Quartermaster-General 141 Parker, Daniel, mentioned - 52, 86, 443 Parker, Paul, to do duty as brigade-major 59 Parole {see Exchange), prisoners on, to pay their own expenses 647 Parsons, S. H., mentioned 55 Parvin, Mathew, appointment of, as conductor of artillery confirmed 568 Patten, Thomas, commissioned captain-lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 559 Patterson, , mentioned 59, 89 Pattekson, Thomas, appointed brigade-major i)ro ten i 59 Patterson, William, mentioned 124 7 457 no new appointments or promotions to be made in the 473, 475 section 6 of act of March 3, 1869, modified as to the 473 number of majors in the, reduced 476, 477 all appropriations under, to constitute one fund 477 vacancy in position of chief of the, how filled 479 officers of the, not to command in the line or other corps 468, 474 disbursing officers of the, to renew their bonds 469, 475 respecting command in the 468 to make payments to the Nurse Corps 439, 478 respecting details for duty in the i 478, 479 mentioned 478 479 Paymaster-General (s^e Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 445, 458, 459, 463, 465, 469, 472, 473, 474, 476, 478 how appointed 472, 475 to give bonds and take the oath of office 445 appointed 445, 446, 454 appointment of, announced to the Army 446 duties of 322, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 454, 455, 456, 457, 464, 465, 469, 470, 472 to keep his office when Congress may sit 452 near headquarters of main army 451, 459 authorized to appoint his assistant and deputy 455 services of, united with those of commissioner of Army accounts 457 to frank and receive letters, etc. , free of postage 465 {see Paymaster of the Army), to perform his duties under direction of the President 460, 474 e.v officio Commissioner of Soldier's Home 470 vacancy in position of, how filled 479 mentioned 448, 452, 453, 454, 455, 467 assistant, authorized 448, 449 appointed - 449 deputy, authorized 445, 452, 461, 468 to take the oath of office 445 appointed 446, 447, 448, 453 duties of 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 474 allowed commission on disbursements 454 respecting issue of small supply of shirts and linen to the 304, 447 authorized to appoint assistants 445, 449 766 INDEX. Paymaster-General — Continued. P*?e. deputy, assistant, authorized 461 respecting retention of 463 discharge of two, revoked 469 mentioned 448 Paymaster op the Army {see Pay), authorized 457, 460 to give bonds 458 duties of 457, 460, 463 letters, etc. , to and from the, free of postage 460 retained 461 mentioned 463 Paymasters {see Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 449, 451, 469, 472, 474, 478 appointed 445 446, 447, 448 to give bonds 445 hospital, to draw clothing 381 of regiments mentioned 456 Corps of Engineers attached to Pay Department 466 {see District paymasters; Battalion paymasters), authorized to appoint clerks 466, 467, 475 respecting officers of the line acting as 467 number of, reduced 467, 473, 474, 476, 477 discharged on reduction to receive three months' pay 468 to be examined - 470, 471 respecting settlement of accounts of - - 473 to issue deposit books to soldiers. _ 473, 475 how selected 469, 472 mode of selection of, repealed 473 additional, authorized 466, 467, 468, 474 may be retained - 469, 478 to be examined - - - - 470 officers of the line may be assigned to duty as 466 (see Retired list; Vacancies.) how appointed from civil life 477 respecting pay of military storekeepers designated as 584 mentioned 27,455,469,472,478,549 assistant, authorized 445, 449, 455 to give bonds - 448 deputy, authorized 455 appointed - 453 allowed one wagon 172, 187, 454, 456 mentioned 449, 452 Paymaster's clerks {see Pay; Rations), authorized 464, 467, 469, 470, 475 Payments, respecting, of claims for supplies furnislu'd - 212 for goods, etc. , taken in Philadelphia 293 of extra pay for service in Mexican war 469 to sick and wounded soldiers 470 of bounty - 471 , 472, 473, 474, 659, 660 of claims of disloyal persons forbidden 424, 472, 511, 686, 687 to the Army, how made 445, 455, 460, 461 , 462, 463, 474, 475 Nurse Corps, by whom made - 439, 478 Pay rolls, how made 447 Peabody, member of committee 17 mentioned 17 Peale, St. George, elected commissary of military stores in Maryland - - - - 545 mentioned - ^33 Peck, William, to do duty as brigade-major - 55 appointed brigade-major - - - 55 appointment of, as deputy adjutant-general, confirmed 58 Peers, Valentine, appointed brigade-major 58 INDEX. 767 Pellisee, Christopher, Page, appointed an engineer in the service of the United States 486 Pemberton, Robert, appointed assistant adjutant-general 64 Pendleton, James Jauncey, pay and rations allowed to, as magazine keeper. 245 Penet & Co., mentioned 563 Penet & Couloux, (Messrs.) contract with 555 mentioned 555 Penet, Windel & Co., mentioned 555 Penn, John, member of committee 247 appointed to visit hospitals 376 Pennsylvania, uniform of the, line 15 requested to authorize impressment of provisions in hands of engross- ers 158, 289 requested not to grant exemptions from embargo 289 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166, 167 provisions 306, 313 how paid for 307, 313 when deliverable 307, 315 wagons of the, line to be put in order 180 to request contribution of blankets, etc 249 requested to permit vessels to load with provisions for Eastern States 288 furnish flour or wheat 303 cattle 310 lay up military stores, etc 544 impress arms in Philadelphia 548 to furnish one regiment of artificers 562 German prisoners of war to be removed to 649 mentioned 145, 155, 252, 264, 271, 272, 279, 280, 287, 311, 367, 380, 381, 447, 536, 545, 546, 562 Pensacola Bay, erection of an arsenal on 583 Pension Bureau, respecting erection of a building for the 227 Pension laws, provisions of, applicable to the men in the several staff corps 208, 342, 413, 504, 586 Pensions, respecting, to nurses 435 to men who served in the Revolutionary war 28, 29, 409 disabled officers of Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau 680 Pepper, army ration to include «^46, 351 Perry, Ebenezer, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Peruvian bark, to be sent to the Southern Departmei; t 365, 367 Peters, Andrew, appointed brigade-major - 62 Pettingill, Joseph, ai)pointed brigade inspector 95 Pettit, Charles, appointed assistant quartermaster-general 15b, 17b permitted to resign 182 Philadelphia, number of horses and oxen in, fit for service to be reported 147 respecting goods, etc. , seized in 1'59, 161, 290, 293 magazines of provisions to be formed in or near 250 leaden spouts in, to be taken down for lalwratory 548 onlv an issuing store and laboratory to be kept in 562 Mentioned...: 183,250,367,522,544,545,550,570,571 768 INDEX. Philippines (.si^e Badges), I'age. pay of officers in the, increased • 47 mentioned 233, 626 Philips, Peter, elected commissary of hides 263 declined appointment 265 pay and rations of, as storekeeper 244 mentioned 238, 265 Phumekin, mentioned - 383 Physician and Surgeon (.see Chief physician and surgeon), authorized 366 Physician and Surgeon-General {see Pay; Rations), authorized, duties of '. 372, 408 appointed 373, 374 entitled to draw clothing 381 letters, etc. , to and from the, free of postage 408 mentioned 380 Physician-Generals {see Pay; Rations), authorized 371, 403, 404 appointed 373, 374, 375 duties of 371,374,378,404 Physician in Chief (see Director and physician in chief). Pickering, Timothy, elected quartermaster-general 176 continued as a member of the board of war 176 to have rank of colonel and the pay and rations of brigadier-general over and above pay of quartermaster-general 176 member of committee 17 appointed adjutant-general 58 mentioned 17, 51, 69, 140, 176 Pierce, John, elected deputy paymaster-general 453 paymaster-general 454 mentioned 443 Pike, , to superintend military hospital at Williamsburg 395 Pike, Zebulon M., mentioned 52, 86 Pioneers, corps of, to be raised 184 Pittsburg, Pa., mentioned 195, 585 Plan, of the inspecting and mustering department 96 for conducting the inspectors' department 100 respecting, for an artillery yard 544 Platt, , appointed division inspector 100 Platt, , mentioned 182 Platt, Richard, to do duty as brigade-major 55 mentioned 55 PoE, David, appointed quartermaster for the town of Baltimore 153 Points Capistrans and Duma, mentioned 524 Pontoniers {see Engineer soldiers), Poor, Enoch, mentioned 60, 62, 89, 95 Pork (,see Barrels), exportation of, prohibited 251 North Carolina to lay an embargo on all 280 to be procured .■ 282 quotas of States to be furnished in 312, 313, 314, 315 may be received in lieu of flour ,..,.. 316 INDEX. 769 Portage Lake and River Improvement Company Canal, Page, mentioned 521 Porter, Jabez, pay and rations allowed to, as magazine keeper 245 F'orterfield, Robert, to do duty of brigade-major pro tempore 61 mentioned 61 Portland and Louisville Canal, mentioned 524 Portmanteaus, respecting, furnished to officers 160 Port Orford, Oreg., respecting harbor of refuge at 524 Porto Rico, actual expenses only for travel to and from 46 pay of officers serving in, increased 47 Postage {see Letters), accounts for official, how paid 681 Post commissary-sergeants, commissary-sergeants to be known as 357 Post exchanges, respecting use of public buildings by 230 Postmaster {see Rations), allowance of transportation to the field 172 Post quartermaster-sergeants, authorized 228, 233 duties and pay of 229 number of, increased 232 Posts, limiting expenditure on buildings at 229 respecting use of buildings by post exchanges 230 rations may be issued to Indians visiting 341 meteorological observations to be taken at 614, 616 Post surgeons, authorized 409 garrison surgeons and mates considered as 689 Potomac River, mentioned 397 Potomac waterworks, to be placed in charge of an engineer officer 506 supervision of the, transferred to Department of the Interior 509 Potts, Jonathan, to be employed as physician and surgeon 366 elected deputy director-general of hospital in Northern Department 374 mentioned 369, 378 Powder {see Gunpowder), POWDERHOENS, horns of bullocks killed to be made into 142, 242, 538 Powder magazines, precautions against fire in 566, 567 Powder mills, in State of New York to be put in order 535 colonies requested to erect 540 Precincts, construction of word, in enrollment act 676 Powell, John W., mentioned 349 Power, Alexander, commissioned ciuartermaater to the corps of artillery artificers 550 Pratt, John, mentioned 51 President of the United States {see Clothing; Uniform), authorized to make calls for military service 670 assign to districts number of men to be furnished 668 make recess appointments 25, 68, 70, 71, 105, 107, 109, 193, 195, 199, 335, 403, 407, 462, 466, 614 S. Doc. 229 49 770 INDEX. Pheston, Will, Page, commissioned second lieutenant < if artillery artificers 549 Price, J., elected deputy commissary-general for tlie army in C'anada 243 Price, William, member of committee 544 Prices, States requested to adopt a temporary regulation of 153, 274, 550 furnish list of, current in 1774 305 standard of, for medical stores to be established 398 Priming, improvement in mode of, to be applied to old or new arms 588 Princeton, N. J., quartermaster's stores in, to be removed 152 Printing, respecting, of reports of heads of bureaus 31, 41 cost of public, not to exceed allotment 44 Printin(4 office {see Government Printing Office). Prison {see Military prison). Prisoners of war (see Commissary op prisoners), respecting provisions for 275, 278, 290, 291, 299, 300, 322, 640, 641, 642, 643, 647, 648, 651 hospital for sick 391 exchange of 642, 643, 644, 645, 649, 650, 651 pay of officers and men made 645 removal of 649 Spanish, in New York 645 governor of Virginia to superintend camp for, in that State 160 may be furnished for work in lead mines 549, 641 log barracks to be provided for, in Virginia 640 captured by French fleet, how provided for 642 sailors on board captured ships considered as - . 640 all, of the Saratoga convention to be removed to Virginia 643 on parole to pay their own expenses 647 President to make regulations for safekeeping of 651 mentioned 280, 394, 639, 640, 642, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649 Produce {see Provisions), conditional exportation of, authorized 536, 539, 690 Professors, at the Military Academy authorized 497, 498 Projectiles, respecting experiments in high explosive 601 Promotions {see PIxamination; Vacancy), power of, reserved by Congress 11 in staff of the Army how made 31 , 39 transfers to the staff to be without prejudice to, in the line 30, 39, 98 to cease in the Army after June 18, 1878 42 to be by seniority 44, 81, 117, 134, 206 no new, to be made in staff corps or departments 77, 78, 112, 113, 114, 219, 224, 349, 425, 473, 475, 511, 593, 597 law forbidding, repealed 78, 115, 222, 350, 428, 513, 595 after fourteen years' service authorized 210, 506, 514, 588 in Corps of Engineers above rank of colonel forbidden 512 restriction on, in Corps of Engineers repealed 519 engineer officer to have served three years in grade before 527 Providence, R. I., mentioned 59, 571 Providence Hospital, expenditure of appropriations for, liy whom controlled 425 mentioned 425 Providence Plantations, mentioned 449, 535, 635 Provisions, magazines of, to be inspected 87, 253 formed 242, 245, 250, 291, 310, 324 respecting, for forces on Lake Champlain 239 issue of, to hospitals 267, 370, 376 members of Congress 269 INDEX. 771 Provisions — Continued. Page. respecting of, issue of, for prisoners of war 278, 291, 640, 641, 644 the people of the J^astern States 288 exportation of, prohibited 245, 286, 289 importation of, authorized 250 (see Beef; Rice; Vegetables.) respecting, for the Northern Army 246 various commands 248, 286, 290, 643 impressment of, authorized 268, 273, 276, 289 purchase of, authorized 280 (.see Prices.) to be furnished the French squadron 287, 289 quotas of, to be furnished by the States. . 304, 306, 307, 308, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316 contracts for and purchases of, how made 328 mentioned 249, 258, 259, 260, 261, 277, 280, 281, 289, 292, 322, 371, 454 Provost-Marshal-General (see Rank; Pay), authorized 667 duties of •. 667, 670, 676, 679 mentioned 668, 669 Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau, respecting continuance of the 680 Provost-marshals {see Baggage wagons; Forage), authorized 667 duties of 667, 673 disabled in line of duty entitled to pension 680 mentioned 674, 678 Property {see Public property). Publications, sale of surplus, of the Signal Office 615, 616 Public buildings and grounds (.see Commissioner of Public Buildings and Grounds). Public library {see Washington Public Library), Public park, respecting establishment of a, in District of Columbia 524 Public property (see Superintendent op finance) , respecting returns of 176, 177, 230, 326, 354, 435, 526, 603 sale of 178 accountability for, of the Signal Corps 621 expenditures for improving, in Washington City, by whom controlled ... 511 board to examine classes and kinds of, in the Signal Service 623, 624 Public stores (see Hospital; Military; Subsistence stores), respecting removal of 147, 152, 155, 369, 376 issues of, to members of Congress 153, 157, 166, 269 payment of certificates given for purchase of 160, 177, 178, 309 waste or embezzlement of, how punished 177, 308, 383, 561 returns of, to be made 190,326,401 mentioned 12, 153, 212, 231, 240, 255, 256, 258, 259, 260, 331, 403, 492, 550, 568, 575 Public supplies (see Superintendent of finance; Commissary-general of purchases; Purveyor of public supplies), respecting necessary, to be procured 145 States to be called on to furnish their quotas of 165 respecting allowance to contractors for furnishing 191 contracts for, how made 193, 228, 331, 338, 402, 403, 571, 575 respecting returns and accounts of 199, 200, 407 proposals for 214, 217 miscellaneous issues of 220 mentioned 200, 214, 215, 216, 223, 224, 225, 339, 356, 657, 686, 687, 689 PuGET Sound, mentioned 524 Pulaski, Casimir, mentioned 59, 451 PuRCELL, Henry, appointment of, as deputy judge-advocate, confirmed 124 Purchasing Depa ktm ent, how organized 337 mentioned 204,339,340 abolished 206 772 INDEX. Purchases (see Board of War; Board of War and Ordnance; Commissary- General OF Purchases; Clothier-General), Page. respecting agents of States for making 155 discontinued in States undertaking to furnish their quotas 165, 167, 304 of wheat for forage not to be made 159, 288 how made 174, 191, 193, 196, 208, 209, 225, 228, 331, 332, 343, 344, 352, 402, 403, 406, 415, 431, 507, 508, 571, 575, 589, 599 respecting certificates given for, made 160, 177, 178, 309 returns of, to be made 178 (see Superintendent of Finance; Prices; Ordnance; Ordnance Stores. ) respecting, of patented firearms 209, 343, 507, 589 miscellaneous, in Philadelphia authorized 249 under $200 may be made in open market 230, 435, 526, 603, 624 of land by freedmen ,. 656 mentioned 199, 200, 213, 215, 216, 223, 255, 350, 432, 590 Putnam, Israel, mentioned ' 250, 269, 272, 545 Putnam, Rufus, appointed engineer with rank of colonel 486 appointment announced to the army 486 mentioned 483 Purveyor of public supplies, authorized 329, 402, 573 duties of 193, 331, 403, 573, 575 salary of 496, 499 mentioned 1 92, 331, 403 office of, abolished 335 Q. Quartermaster-General (.see Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons), authorized 141, 156, 167, 186, 193, 194, 195, 200, 202, 203, 204, 218, 222, 223, 233 appointed 141, 144, 145, 156, 175, 176 appointment of, announced to the army 144 to take the oath of office 141 how appointed 196, 219, 224 to give bonds 199 duties of 99, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 169, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 186, 188, 189, 190, 195, 196, 197, 198, 204, 206, 213, 214, 215, 217, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 232, 240, 242, 321, 387, 451, 540, 552 may be taken from the line 201 letters, etc. , to and from the, free of postage 183, 197, 201, 205 entitled to benefits under the Yorkto wn capitulation 19 retained 202 President may designate an officer to act as 205 ex officio commissioner of Soldiers' Home 208, 228 vacancy in grade of, how filled 234 mentioned 90, 141, 142, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 189, 190, 197, 198, 204, 208, 211, 224, 230, 253, 258 assistant, authorized 156, 167, 206, 218, 222, 223, 233 appointed 141, 143, 176 duties of 150, 156, 158, 168, 169 mentioned 176, 194 office of, abolished 182 deputy, authorized 141 , 143, 151, 152, 154, 167, 176, 183, 186, 194, 199, 200, 202, 206, 218, 222, 223, 233 appointed 143, 144, 152, 180 to take the oath of office 141, 154 duties of 143, 144, 145, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 158, 160, 167, 180, 182, 200, 241 entitled to benefits under Yorktown capitulation 19 receiving commissions not entitled to pay or rations 162 may be taken from the line 201 retained 202 INDEX. 773 QuARTKRM A STER-G ENER A L — Continued . [deputy] (see Vacancies), Page. mentioned 142,149,150,151,158 assistant, authorized 156, 199, 200 appointed 144, 147 duties of 150 may be taken from the line 201 mentioned 156, 208 Quartermaster-General's Office, divisions established in the 212, 213, 214 Quartermaster of the Army (.sre Pay; Rations; Forage), authorized 191 Quartermasters {see Rank; Pay; Rations; Forage; Baggage wagons), authorized 194, 204, 207, 217, 218, 222, 223, 231, 232, 233, 492 appointed 152, 153, 550 dtities of 150, 153, 154, 184, 196, 202, 215, 217, 223, 568 discharge of, revoked 208 to be examined 211, 212 mentioned 154, 160 district, not to be taken from the line 201 assistant, authorized 195, 202, 204, 206, 207, 218, 222, 231, 233 how appointed 196 appointed 146 to give bonds 196 duties of 146, 196, 204, 223 discharge of, revoked 208 to be examined 211, 212 {see Vacancies. ) chief of division ambulance corps to be acting 422 mentioned 206 deputy, authorized 175, 176, 186, 195 how appointed 196 appointed 143, 147 to give bonds 199 duties of 150, 158, 180, 196, 450 mentioned 197, 450 Quartermaster's Department {see Board of War; Committees op Congress), respecting new arrangement of the 155, 156 how constituted 167, 186, 195, 200, 202, 203, 204, 218, 222, 223, 232, 233 increased 206, 207, 208, 210, 231, 232 inquiry to be made into conduct of officers of the 160, 163 all officers of the, to take the oath of office 175, 188 give bonds 202 respecting settlement of business of the late _ 183 report on operations of the 190 (sfic Contracts; Purchases; Vacancies.) corps of artificers attached to the 198 all appointments in the, to be made from the Army 206 duties of purchasing department devolved upon officers of tlie 206 promotions to rank of riajor in the, how made 207 inspectors of the, how selected 207 strict inspection of the, to be made 217 no new appointments or promotions to be made in the 219 respecting appointments and promotions in the 222 details for duty in the 233, 234 appointments to grade of captain in the, how made 233, 234 mentioned 152, 157, 160, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 183, 184, 200, 204, 205, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233 Quarters {see Rations), officers absent exceeding six months not entitled to allowance for 32 pay of officers to be in full of commutation of 37 may be furnished in kind 38, 40, 42, 220 when commutation of, allowed 42 storekeepers of Quartermaster's Department entitled to, in kind 208 superintendents of national cemeteries to be furnished 220, 226 limitation to cost of construt-tion of 229 nurses entitled to 439 774 INDEX. Quarters — Continued. Page. respecting commutation of, to officers and men in arctic regions 690 claims of, for servants not allowed 684 mentioned 209,220,223,226,229,343,344 Quebec, mentioned - 243 Quotas, States to be called on to furnish their, of supplies 165, 304 of States to be furnished in forage 166 provisions 306, 307 mentioned 165, 304 respecting, of men for military service 670, 672, 677, 678, 679, 680 B. Railroad, respecting, from the Mississippi t( > the Pacific Ocean 506 Ramsay, George D., mentioned - 634 Randolph, Edmund, appointed deputy muster-master-general for the Southern Department. . . 632 authorized to appoint two deputies 632 Rank, of officers of the Adjutant-General' s Department 53, 55, 60, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 Inspector-General's Department 87, 89, 90, 92, 96, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118 Judge-Advocate-General's Department 123, 124, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135 Bureau of Military Justice 131, 132 Quartermaster's Department 141, 143, 144, 145, 147, 151, 152, 191, 193, 194, 196, 201 , 203, 204, 206, 207, 210, 211, 216, 217, 218, 219, 222, 223, 231, 232, 233 Subsistence Department 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 355, 356, 357 Medical Department 416, 417, 418, 419, 423, 424, 427, 428, 429, 436, 437 Pay Department 469, 472, 473, 474, 478 Corps of Engineers 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 494, 495, 496, 497, 509, 510, 513, 526, 527, 529 Corps of Topographical Engineers 499, 502 Ordnance Department 548, 577, 578, 579, 583, 584, 586, 590, 591, 592, 594, 596, 604, 605 Signal Corps 613, 614, 616, 618, 623, 624, 625, 626 Volunteer Signal Corps 625 Department of Musters 633, 635 Provost-Marshal-General's Bureau 667, 677 respecting, of hospital surgeons 366, 399 of medical officers, how arranged 413, 433 no, aimexed to officers in Department o{ M ilitary Stores 552 appointments on civil staff confer no, in the Army 635 mentioned 185, 323, 416, 434, 456, 494, 566, 650 Rapalje, , mentioned 364 Rations (see Subsistence money; Subsistence stores), allowance of, to general and line officers . . 11, 20, 25, 67, 70, 240, 243, 332, 496, 681 officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 56, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 74 Inspector-General's Department 90, 92, 94, 96, 104, 105, 106 Judge-Advocate-General's Department 124, 125, 126, 127, 128 Department of Stores and Supplies 248 Purchases 262, 304, 305, 317 Issues 262 Hides 298 Militarv Stores 551, 552, 557, 661, 662, 666, 667 INDEX. 775 Rations — Continued. Page. allowance of. to oflScers of tlie Clothier's Department 248, 267, 296, 323 Quartermaster's Department. . . 146, 162, 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 191, 192, 196, 197, 198, 199, 208, 324 Medical Department 373, 388, 397, 399, 400, 401, 402, 405, 406, 407, 408, 411 Pay Department 446, 447, 449, 455, 458, 459 Corps of Engineers 486, 492, 497 Ordnance Department 577, 579 Department of Musters 633 Prisoners of War 639, 650, 651 corps of artificers 164, 198 artillery artificers 550, 553 geographers 325, 494, 495 paymaster's clerks 470 superintendents of armories 575, 581 superintendent of bakers 253, 281 , 318 company of bakers 281 sappers and miners 504 topographical engineer soldiers 509 master armorers 575, 581 hospital stewards 411 wagon masters 188, 197, 324 conductors 189, 324 forage masters 197, 206, 224, 324 artificers of Quartermaster's Department 324 engineers 497 wagoners 161, 163 matrons 332, 423, 431, 689 nurses 332, 417, 431, 439, 689 employees of Department of Stores and Supplies 244, 245 Ordnance Department 549, 577, 581 established : 240, 241, 242, 285, 295, 305, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333, 344, 345, 346, 351, 688, 689 President authorized to make alterations in 338 commutation price of 11, 14, 18, 26, 31, 35, 242, 261, 333, 450, 451 (see Rum; Coffee; Sugar; Pepper), no officer to draw more than one 14 compensation allowed for neglect to draw 21 officers' servants entitled to 17, 25, 28 one extra, allowed for every regimental coat turned 22 additional, for every five years' service 29, 36, 412 back, not allowed 30 to disabled officers when retired 32 officers in the field permitted to purchase 35, 39 increased commutation of, when not allowed 36 pay of officers to be in full of longevity 37 respecting purchase of, on credit 35, 41 , 687 half a, allowed for cutting wood for hospitals 190 of soap may be increased 265 cost of each part of a, to be computed 277 commanders of armies to determine, to be issued 288 of flour reduced 300 officers to be furnished twd, per day 311 not to draw, on public account 322 respecting contracts made for supplying 327, 328 to troops on the frontiers augmented 329, 330, 352 officers' servants not soldiers 333 detachments of seamen and marines 337 various issues of, authorized 341, 348, 349, 350, 353, 354, 355, 356 payment of connnutation of, to prisoners of war 348 vegetables added to the 354 respecting, for released prisoners of war 642, 644 prisoners o-f war 643, 645 mentioned 17, 19, 20, 21, 56, 58, 98, 184, 227, 245, 249, 252, 260, 261, 272, 287, 296, 306, 311, 322, 323, 324, 325, 382, 397, 398, 405, 455, 471, 475, :^>m, 591, 634, 640 Rawhides (see Commissary op hides), respecting manufacture of shoes from 270, 274 776 INDEX. Eeading, Pa., Page. respecting escape of prisoners of war from 650 Rebellion {see Badges; Uniform), modified oatli for those who participated in late 682 Confederate officers not ehgible to appointment in the Army 683 Recruiting agents, respecting, in the Southern States 677, 680 Recruits, not subject to draft, how credited 680 Red coats, officers forbidden to wear. 19 Reed, George, member of committee 540 mentioned 160 Reed, Joseph, elected adjutant-general 55 appointment announced 55 mentioned 3, 51 Reed, Thomas, appointed assistant paymaster-general 449 elected deputy paymaster-general at Albany 453 mentioned 453 Reed, William, elected hospital physician 394 Reedy Island, Pa., respecting dike between, and Sistons Point 526 Refugees (see Bureau of Refugees and Freed:\ien), respecting issue of provisions and fuel to 655 medical stores, etc. , to 657 lands set apart for use of 656 Regimental surgeons, respecting, and mates absent without leave 372 mentioned '. 373 Regiments {see Uniform), commanders of, not to muster their own commands 98 to report health of their troops 369 members of, to receive an extra ration for every coat turned 22 respecting colors of 143 transportation of tents of 187 surgeons of volunteer 413 not belonging to any State line 395 to send officers to buy arms 538, 539 respecting requisitions for arms, etc., for 568 mentioned 391,456,559 Register (see Army Register). Regnier, , appointed subinspector 94 assigned to Generals Clinton' s and Stark' s 1 )rigades 94 Regulations (see General Regulations), for the exercise of the troops 90, 92, 96 muster and inspection 96 to be approved by Congress 99 commissary and clothier's departments 286 department of hides 1 285, 297 military stoies 552 Quartermaster's Department 155, 157, 186 Corps of Engineers 490 Ordnance Department 581, 597 corps of wagoners 161, 162, 451, 635 government of hospitals 404, 405 issue of artificial limbs 425 relative to prisoners of war 651 mentioned 91, 93, 677 Remick, Timothy, to do duty of inspector 100 Rent, of buildings in Virginia and at Philadelphia and West Point 571 land set apart for refugees and freedmen 656 INDEX. 777 Repairs, Page. to old Ford's Theater 525 house in which Mr. Lincohi died 528 Reports, by oflficers of the Adjutant-General's Department 55 department of purchases and issues 245 clothier's department 326 Quartermaster's Department 143 Hospital Department 368 Ordnance Department 578, 580, 596 department of musters 632 Signal Office 614, 616 Bureau of Freedmen and Refugees 656 colonels of regiments 369 on condition of the branches of the War Department 190, 327, 328, 457, 569, 570, 571 mentioned 451, 675, 676 Resignation, officers leaving their post prior to acceptance of, deemed deserters 32, 33 Resistance, to draft, how punished 673 Resolves of Congress, repealed 20, 65, 96, 127, 162, 184, 186, 318, 321, 323, 379, 397, 455, 566, 567 in part 64, 102, 183, 389, 567 relative to the government of the Army to be compiled 14 Hospital Department to be revised 382 mentioned 381, 382, 397, 451, 455, 565 Retired list {see Pay; Rations; Uniform), officers may be placed on the, after 30 years' service 37, 39 40 years' service 32, 39 45 years' service 34, .39 on reaching the age of 64 42 paymasters may be placed on the, after 20 years' service 476 officers on the, may be assigned to certain duties 32 entitled to longevity rations 36 not to be assigned to duty 36 eligible for duty at the Soldiers' Home 37, 40 disabled for active service to be placed on the 32, 39 by wounds to be placed on the, with highest rank 35 to be placed on the, with actual rank 38 on the, withdrawn from promotion 32, 39 may be employed in time of war 45 eligible to Territorial offices 685 respecting officers on the, who had served as chiefs of staff corps 47, 82, 118, 136, 2.34, 358, 479, 606, 627 Returns, by the Secretary of War 184, 326, 401 officers of the Adjutant-General's Department 55, 57 Inspector-General's Department 102 department of stores and supplies 245, 246, 249 purchases 260, 284, 303, .305, .309, 312, 336 issues 200, 303 military stores 568, 569 hides 270, 321 clothiers' department 247, 299, 322, 326 Hospital Department 306, 311, 366, 369, 372, 373, 378, 382, 385, 386, 388, 390, 396, 397, 399, 401 Pay Department 446 Quartermaster's Department 143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 161, 165, 169, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178, 183, 188, 190, 200, 318 Ordnance Department 577, 578, 580 department of musters 632, 633 prisoners of war 639, 642, 645, 647 respecting uniformity of, under contracts 419, 432, 509, 517, 590, 597, 686, 687 States to make, of purchases for the United States 167 by line officers receiving camp and garrison equipage 204 mentioned 58,196,230, 257, 258, 259, 354, 435, 491, 492, 526, 551, 553, 565, 568, 603, 634, 686, 687 778 INDEX. Reviews, Page. how conducted 88, 100, 101 Revised Statutes, provision of section 355 of the, waived 232 section 229 abolished 230 1144 mentioned 622 11^4 repealed 474 1206 and 1207 mentioned 623 1218 amended 685 1348 amended 115 1756 repealed 685 1860 amended 685 Revolutionary war {see Badges). Reward, for best covering for huts 154 rawhide substitute for shoes 274 Rhode Island, uniform of the line 15 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166 provisions 306, 312 how paid for 307, 312 when deliverable 307, 314 requested to collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 mentioned 58,154,164,278,449,635 Rice, importation of, authorized 250 quota of South Carolina to be furnished in 307 how paid for 307 Rice, Nathan, appointed inspector 95 Richardson, James, pay and rations allowed to, as clerk 244 Richardson, William, mentioned 264, 634 RicKMAN, William, elec-ted director of hospital in Virginia 365 mentioned 375, 376, 391 Rifles, to be procured 546, 547 respecting adoption of new 602, 603 Ripley, James W., mentioned 534 RiSBERG, GUSTAVUS, appointed assistant to Deputy Quartermaster-General Biddle 144 Rittenhouse, , mentioned 485 Rivers, respecting surveys of, and harbors 519, 522 Roads [see Cumberland road; National road), respecting surveys, etc. , upon the subject of 500 to be cut in Florida 501 contracted in Arkansas 501 Roberdeau, Daniel, member of committee 253 Roberdeau Isaac, mentioned 484 Robinson, mentioned 65 Robinson, Caleb, to do the duty of inspector 100 Rochefontaine, Stephen, mentioned 483 Rochester, William B., mentioned 443 Rock Island, III., an arsenal established at 591 INDEX. 779 Rock Island Arsenal, Page, mentioned 524 Rodney, C^sar, member of coiimiittee _ 289, 536 Roe, James, appointed deputy commissaiy-jieneral of purchasew 265 Roe, Jesse, com missioned captain of artillery artificers 549 Rogers, John, member of committee 538 Rolls (see Pay; Muster rolls). Root, Jesse, mentioned 102, 163, 298 RosEKRANs, James, to do the duty of brigade inspector 96 Ross, , mentioned 63 Ross, George, member of committee 247, 249 mentioned 146, 250 RuBSAMEN, Jacob, mentioned 566 RucKER, Daniel H., mentioned 140 Ruddock, John, appointment of, as deputy commissary of military stores, confirmed 568 Rudolph, Michael, mentioned 51 , S5 RuGGLES, George B., mentioned 52 Rules and Articles of War {see Articles of War). Rum, issue of, to troops in battle of Brandywine 268 to be procured 278 for distribution to the people of New York 300 quotas of States to be furnished in 306, 307, 312, 313 how paid for 307 when deliverable 314, 315 regulating issue of, to the Army 310 mentioned 333 Rumsey, Benjamin, member of committee 255 Rush, Ben.iamin, member of committee 246, 367 elected surgeon -general of hospital in middle department 873 physician-general of hospital in middle department 375 resignation accepted 376 mentioned 361, 366, 375, 378 Rutgers, Jr., Henry, appointed deputy commissary-general of musters 635 RuTLEDGE, Edward, member of committee 540 Ryan, Michael, to do duty as brigade major 58 relieved from temporary duty as adjutant-general 58 appointed brigade inspector 89 8. Sabine Lake, channel through, to be reexamined 528 Sackett, Delos B., mentioned 86 Sacramento River, Cal., relative to improvement of the 526 780 INDEX. Saddle hohses, T&ge. number of, allowed general and line officers 187, 188, 189, 494 officers of the Adjutant-General's Department.. 65, 188, 189 Inspector-General's Department. 102, 188, 189 Quartermaster's Department 174, 188, 189 department of purcha,ses 317 military stores. . . 188, 567, 568 prisoners 188, 189 hospital department 189, 399, 400 judge-advocates 127, 188, 189 deputy paymaster 188, 456 geographers 189, 495 provost-marshal 188 captain of engineers 188, 494 mentioned 90, 103 Saddlers, attached to di\dsion ambulance corps 422 St. Augustine, Fla., respecting improvement of harbor at 522 St. Clair, Arthur, mentioned 20,51,56,57,100 St. Francis River, Ark., mentioned 501 St. Louis, Mo., quartermaster depot at, mentioned 217 arsenal to be erected at or near 582 proposed ice harbor at 519 bridge to, over Mississippi River 526 St. Martin, , appointed engineer with rank of lieutenant-colonel 486 Sale, unauthorized, of public stores, how punished 150, 177, 308, 383, 561 respecting, of articles of clothing 142, 221, 241 goods taken from Philadelphia 161, 293 horses unfit for service 172 buildings and other property 178 dragoon horses 190 public property no longer needed 190, 326, 400, 568 unserviceable stores 204, 260, 339, 340, 410, 582, 593 woolen goods to soldiers 240 subsistence supplies to officers and men 354, 685, 687 articles kept by Subsistence Department 35, 349, 351, 684 smooth-bore guns for experimental purposes 601 surplus signal maps, etc 615, 616 certain property of bureau of refugees, etc 662 of certain stores stopped - - 569 mentioned 505, 587 Salisbury, Conn., respecting furnace at 543, 544, 549 Salt, respecting manufacture of 239, 252, 262 importation of, authorized 243, 261, 271, 278 exportation of, prohibited 251 to be provided - 254,260,275 quotas of States to be furnished in 306, 307, 312, 313 how paid for 307, 312, 313 when deliverable 314, 315 mentioned 262, 272, 275 Saltpeter, colonies requested to collect 535 respecting manufacture of 535, 537, 538, 539, 540, 566 importation of, authorizei 1 536, 690 purchase of, authorized -- 538 exportation of, prohibited 573 mentioned 540,690 San Monica Bay, Cal., respecting a deep-water harbor on — 525 INDEX. 781 San Pedro Bay, Cal., Page, relative to proposed deep-water harbor on 525 Sappers and miners (see Pay; Rations), authorized 489, 498, 503 uniform of corps of 18, 21 corps of, how organized 492 respecting tools, implements, etc. , for 504 mentioned 490, 493, 495, 504, 505 Saratoga convention {see Prisoners of war). Sargent, Wintrop, mentioned 51, 85 Sauerkraut, contracts to be made for supplies of 265 Sawtelle, Charles G., mentioned 140 ScAMMELL, Alexander, to continue to do duty as brigade major 53 appointed temporary assistant to the adjutant-general 56 elected adjutant-general 59 mentioned 51 , 62, 100, 395 School op instruction, respecting, at Fort Myer, Va 620 School buildings, respecting sale of, under Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen 662 Schreiber, Jacob, permitted to return to Europe 493 Schuyler, Peter, appointment of, to take charge of the arms, confirmed : 539 Schuyler, Philip, member of committee 17, 535 to appoint a deputy adjutant-general for the Northern army if General Gates had not done so 58 to appoint a deputy judge-advocate if General Gates had not done so 124 mentioned. ... 17, 53, 54, 142, 143, 240, 241, M2, 248, 252, 364, 537, 539, 543, 545, 632 Scott, , to do the duty of division inspector 95 mentioned 95, 100 Scott, Charles, mentioned 55, 57, 89 Scott, Joseph, appointed brigade major 59 Scott, Moses, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 resignation accepted 390 mentioned 395 Scott, William, appointed brigade major 62 Scudder, Nathaniel, member of committee 283, 291 mentioned 159, 163, 298 Scull, Peter, appointed brigade major 54 Sea coast, respecting notice on the, of approach of storms 614 Seamen, respecting enlistment of certain, prisoners of war 642 drafted, may enlist in the naval service 671, 672 respecting issue of rations to detachments of 337 Searle, James, member of committee 291 Sears, Peter, commissioned second lieutenant in regiment of artillery artificers 559 Secretaries (see Pay), allowed to Inspector-General of main Army 96, 100, 107 Secretary op War, to inquire into delays in forwarding supplies 185, 324 make return to Congress of officers in Quartermaster's Department 184 782 INDEX. Secretary of War — Continued. Page. to transmit to States a list of their officers 23 issue warrants for pay and rations 20, 455 brevet commissions to specified class of officers 23 examine all estimates and returns 20 provide guards for safe conveyance of money, etc 184 prescribe kinds and amounts of supplies to be purchased 200 control all transportation 210 direct building and management of barracks, magazines, etc 184, 565 distribution of clothing 323 cause returns to be made of all stores and property 326, 401, 569 appoint a commissary of military stores subject to his orders 567 stop the sale of certain stores 569 submit returns of ordnance and ordnance stores 569 take direction and care of prisoners of war 649, 650 mentioned 21, 66, 188, 190, 191, 323, 324, 396, 398, 401, 455, 456, 489, 495, 566, 568, 570, 650, 651 Secret committee (see Committees op Congress), to provide equipage for 3,000 horse * 147 deliver linen in their hands fit for tents 148 import certain enumerated goods and stores 243 cargoes of salt 243 stop exportation of salted provisions from New York 245 devise means of procuring deerskins 246 appoint trusty persons to purchase clothing 250 deliver part of cargo of the Mercury to the clothier-general 252 furnish clothier-general copies of invoices of all imported clothing, etc. 253 enable agents in Europe and the West Indies to effect imi)ortation of salt. 261 contract for converting flour into biscuits 264 import medical instruments and supplies 365 forward medical supplies, etc. , to points indicated 365 contract for importation of military stores 536, 537, 538 export produce for importation of arms 537, 539 deliver saltpeter to be manufactured into gunpowder 540 powder to prove cannon 540 of secret correspondence, to apply for the use of one or more of the Conti- nental fleet 540 to furnish powder to cannon committee 543 deliver all amis, etc., in their care to the board of war 543 distribute cargo of flints 543 procure brass artillery 544 arms for 3,000 horse 544 reports of 146, 543 Seeds, respecting, for regimental gardens 326 Seely, T., appointed brigade-major 60 Selman, , to do the duty of brigade-major 62 mentioned 62 Senter, Isaac, mentioned 366 Sentries, watch coats to be purchased for use of 142 Sergeant, Jonathan, member of committee 540 Sergeant, Jonathan D., mentioned 124 Sergeant, Samuel, commissioned superintendent of public; works at Carlisle 549 pay of 549 Sergeants, master workmen to be designated as 590, 596 two signal, to be commissioned each year 617, 619 Servants {.see Waiters), allowances to enlisted youths retained as 17 not to be furnished from the line without authority 20 *An old technical term meaning a body of cavalry. In this sense the word ' ' horse " is in the singular. INDEX. 783 Servants — Continued. Page, respecting employment of and allowances for. . 27, 28, 34, 36, 64, 126, 127, 567, 650 officers absent exceeding six months not to receive allowances for 32 claims for quarters for, not allowed 684 mentioned 37, 317, 325, 400, 495," 562, 682 Services. contracts for, how made 208, 209, 343, 344, 415, 507, 508, 589 Service, length of, how computed 36, 438 Sewall, , to do duty of brigade inspector 99 Shallops, impressment of, authorized 270 Shaw, Samuel, appointed brigade-ujajor 57 Sheepskins, to whom deliveral)le. 311, 322, 562, 565 Shells, contracts for, to Iw made 540, 554, 560 Sherman, Roger, mentioned 142, 241, 253, 254 Shetfall, Mordecai, appointed, provisionally, deputy commissary-general of issues 291 Ship canal, near Isthmus of Darien 506 to connect certain lakes with Puget Sound 524 Shippen, William, Jr., elected physician for the flying camp 366 to superintend an army hospital in New Jersey 368 elected director-general of all the hospitals 373 director-general 389 mentioned 361, 362, 367, 368, 375, 383, 390 Ships {see Vessels), duties of masters of, taking prisoners 646 mentioned 146, 240, 248, 286, 537, 541, 543, 555 Shiras, Alexander E., mentioned 238 Shirts {see Linen), respecting distribution of small supply of 125, 304, 382, 446, 447, 491, 635, 636 delivery of two, per man to be shortly made 325 on hand to be drawn for by lot 325 linen for, to be imported 263 States requested to procure materials for 263 suiDplies of 275 mentioned 263, 285, 326, 376 Shoes, to be inspected 142 exchange of rawhides for, authorized 263 reward for best rawhide substitutes for 274 leather and deerskins to be purchased for making 274 to be procured 285 States requested to procure supplies of 275 not to be M'orn in powder magazines 567 mentioned 153, 285, 376 Shot, contracts for, to be made 554, 560 Sick, respecting transportation for the removal of the 179 blankets, etc. , for the, in hospitals 273 care and accommodation for the 369 relief of the, before removal to hospitals 380 number of, in hospitals to be reported 368, 390 respecting relief of the transient 390 ambulances for the removal of the 421 mentioned 422 Signal Bureau, not to duplicate work of other bureaus 618 784 INDEX. Signal Corps {see Volunteer Signal Corps; Vacancies), Page. how organized 613, 623, 626 enlisted strength of the 613, 615, 617, 618, 620, 621, 622, 623, 625 officers and men of the, how selected 614 may purchase subsistence stores '. 622 enlisted men of the, may be mounted 616 held responsible for public property 621 two sergeants of the, to be commissioned each year 617, 619 respecting details of line officers for duty in the 618, 619, 620, 321, 622 civilian duties of the, transferred to Weather Bureau 622 appointments and promotions in the, how made 623 appropriations for the, how made 623 board to examine classes and kinds of property of the 623 in time of war enlisted strength of the, to be increased 625 ten volunteer subalterns to be appointed in the 626 mentioned 624, 626 Signal flags, by whom furnished 186 Signal officers {see Vacancies), authorized 613 how selected 614 to be examined 613 engineer officers may be detailed as 614, 616 respectiuii- detail of line officers for duty as 618, 619, 620, 621, 622 may be assigned to staff of Army corps 625 after civil war to be restored to respective commands 614 mentioned .> 624, 626 Signals, respecting, for benefit of agriculture and commerce 614, 616 of approach of storms on the lakes and seacoast 614, 616 Signal Service, respecting enlistments in the 615 details of engineer officers and men for the 614, 616 appropriations for the 620 commutation of quarters for members of the, in arctic regions . 690 commission to consider present organization of the 619 Signatures {see Autograph signatures). SiMMS, , to superintend the hospitals in Pennsylvania 380 Sioux City, Iowa, respecting improvement of the INIissonri River to 528 Skinner, Abraham, elected commissary-general of prisoners 648 mentioned 637 Slaves, respecting, drafted or enlisted 675, 676 Smith, , appointed inspertor 95 Smith, , mentioned 145 Smith, Campbell, mentioned 121 Smith, Daniel, appointed assistant deputy piuveym 395 Smith, John K., appointed brigade-major 60 inspector 89 continued in the office of brigade-major 66 Smith, Johnson, commissioned contractor for public works at Carlisle, I'a 549 Smith, Mathew, appointed deputy adjutant-general 59 Smith, Jonathan B., elected deputy mustermaster-general for the flying camp 632 mentioned 1 254, 632 Smith, Meriwether, member of commitiee 14, 15 INDEX. 785 Smith, William, Page, cominiied as subinspector 99 Smith, William, member of committee 253 Smith, William, mentioned 443 Smith, William, elected druggist 367 Smith, William S., appointed commissary of prisoners 651 Smyth, Alexander, mentioned 86 Soap, (exportation of, forbidden 251 ration of, may be increased 265 contracts to be made for supplies of 265 Societies {see Military societies). Soldiers' Home, retired officers eligible for duty at the 37 board of commissioners of the, how composed 75, 78, 79, 133, 208, 228, 343, 352, 353, 414, 432, 433, 470 respecting inspections of the 114 medical supplies to be sold to the, at cost 436 South, respecting issues of ]>rovisions to destitute ])ersons in the 661 South Carolina, uniform of the, line 15 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid for 166 provisions 307 when deliverable 307 purchase of leather in, authorized 300 requested to collect saltpeter and brimstone 535 mentioned 124, 291, 382, 394, 395, 451, 452, 558, 571, 632, 635, 648 Southern Army, respecting appointment of staff officers for the 17, 103, 127, 183, 186, 317, 392, 394, 455, 493, 567, 644, 650 magazines of forage to be provided for the 179 tents and wagons for the, to be furnished 180 corps of pioneers to be raised for the 184 res])ecting delays in sending supplies to the 185, 324 clothing, camp equipage, etc. , to be furnished the 318 to be provided with arms, powder, etc 563 respecting artificers with the 563 commander of, authorized to make exchanges 644 mentioned 175, 180, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 392, 455 Southern Department, respecting appointment of staff officers 54, 61, 62, 143, 159, 370, 395, 485, 631 Peruvian bark to be sent to the 365, 367 trepanning instruments to be sent to the 365 • respecting hospitals in the 389 an inspector of contracts to be appointed for the 398 mentioned 448, 491 Southern States, a magazine of ammunition to l)e formed in the 545 respecting recruiting agents in certain 677 Spanish-American war, mentioned 48, 438, 686 Spanish prisoners, respecting provision for the, in New York 645 Si'ENSEK, Joseph, Congress confirmed his appointment of William Peck as deputy adjutant- general 58 mentioned 53, 55, 56 Spenser, Oliver, to superintend hospitals in Jersey 383 mentioned 390, 493 S. Doc. 229 50 786 INDEX. Spirits, }'^se. respecting allowance of coffee and sugar in lien of 341 Spoons, to be supplied to the soldiers 687 Spouts (see Leaden spouts). Springfield, Mass., magazine and laboratory ti > 1 )e erected in 547 mentioned 560, 565, 570, 571 , 572 Springfield Armory, mentioned 581, 584, 585, 592 Sprogle, Lodowig, authorized to muster the Pennsylvania militia 635 Sprout, appointed brigade inspector 89 subinspector 94 Stables, for horses of members of Congress 156 number of horses in the public, to be reported 147 Stadler, John, elected engineer for Southern Department 485 Staff {see Volunteer staff; Subsistence money), appointment on the civil, confers no rank in the Army 14, 635 respecting apjiointment, on the conferring rank equal to that held in the line • - 30 may be taken from the line or from citizens 28 servants allowed to the general and military 20 respecting transfers to the, from the line 26, 39, 73 powers and duties of the general, to be defined 27 promotions in the, how made 31, 39 of corps, divisions and brigades, how constituted 79, 116, 134, 231, 436, 526, 604, 625 brigadier assigned to main army to act as chief of 109 Avarrant officers on the civil, liable to arrest and trial 161, 293, 380, 490, 558 mentioned - - 28, 110, 613 Staff departments _(*•«(; Vacancies), inquiry to be made into expenses of the 17 enlisted men in the, entitled to benefit of pension laws 208, 342, 413, 504, 568 respecting infantry sul>alterns appointed in the 185, 323, 455, 494, 566, 650 mentioned 21, 175 Staff officers, appointed from the line to revert to it on promotion 14 not to draw more than one ration a day 14 supernumerary, may be d ischarged 14,17 form of commission for 14 to receive one additional ration for every five years' service 29, 412 unnecessarv, to be f urloughed 23 to be citizens - 70, 108, 195, 407 entitled to clothing if they engage for one vear or more 3S0 mentioned ^- .": 13, 68, 70, 1 06, 108, 195, 304, 403, 407, 459 Stagg, John, appointed brigade-major pro tempore - - 59 mentioned - 60, 85, 1 03 Stamps, special, for official business 38 Stanton, Thomas H., mentioned 443 Stark, John, mentioned - 56, 94, 95, 100 Staten Island, N. Y. U., improvement ( )f channel 1 )etMeen, and New Jersey — 513 State prison, respecting erection of Symsbury mines into a — la Bahne — 87 Van Lear, William, appointed brigade iuspt'cti ir .• 95 INDEX. 795 Van Rexsselaek, James, Pacre. appointment of, as deputy inus^termaster-general of the forces in Canada confirmed (331 Van Rensselaer, Philip, appointment of, as storekeeper, confirmed 143 Varick, Richard, appointed deputy mustermaster-general to the Northern army 632 elected deputy mustermaster-general 634 Varxum, James, mentioned 390 Varnum, James ^I., mentioned 59, 60, 89 Vegetables, respecting, for the army 250, 257, 265 garden near hospital for raising 368 regimental gardens for raising 326 one pound of, added to the ration 354 Venereal diseases, amount to be paid by patients in Ik )spital on account of 376 Vessels (.srf Ships), respecting impressment of 142 bringing cargoes on government account 262 employment of merchant 290, 291 mentioned ". 213, 240, 278, 279, 289, 536, 537 Vessels of war, respecting prisoners taken l)y 646 enlistment of prisoners for service cm 642 mentioned 240, 540 Veteran Reserve Corps, officers of the, ia Bureau of Refugees may lie retained 657, 661 "\'ETERIN A RI A NS, authorized ; pay of 233 VicKERS, Samuel, appointed physician and surgeon in tlie liospital fdv.Soutlierji department. 395 ViXEGAR, to be provided 254, 257, 265, 326 Virginia, uniform of the, line 15 quota of, to be furnished in forage 166 how paid fur 166 provisions 303, 313 how paid for 307, 313 when deliverable 315 requested to authorize seizure of provisions in hands of engrossers 289 not to grant exemptions from embargo 289 to furnish Indian corn - - 303 collect sulphur and brimstone 535 purchase copper, etc 544 lend stands of arms 558 respecting military hospital in 375, 391 tobacco warehouses in 538 repair of arms in the magazines of 563 mentioned 123, 156, 160, 248, 251, 271 , 272, 279, 285, 286, 290, 297, 299, 365, 446, 447, 449, 540, 546, 560, 566, 571, 640, 643, 645, 649, 690 Volunteer officers (.see Uniform), respecting appointment of, in the staff corps -16 may be appointed on corps, division, and brigade staffs 45 brevetted for services prior to appointment in Regular Army 36 names of all, on ambulance duty to V)e reported 76 respecting, to be appointed in the Quartermaster's Department 231 Subsistence Department 348 in Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen may be retained 661 may be api)ointed in the Adjutant-General's Department 82 Inspector-General's Department 118 Judge- Advocate-General's Department 136 Quartermaster's Department 218, 234 Subsistence Department 356, 358 Medical Department -124, 438 Pay Department 478, 479 796 INDEX. VoLirNTEERS, Page. respecting appointment of staff officers for 207, 342, 412, 467 quartermaster's supplies retained from 686 respecting hospital stewards of 438 Volunteer Signal Corps, how constituted 625 officers of the, eligible to appointment in Signal Corps 626 Volunteer Staff, retention of officers of the, in the Adjutant-General's Department 80 Inspector-General's Department 117 Judge- Advocate-General's Department. 135 Quartermaster's Department 232, 233, 234 Subsistence Department 356 Medical Department 437 Pay Department 478 Volunteer surgeons, appointment of, authorized 419, 438 VoAVLES, Henry, appointed l)rigade major 60 Wadsworth and Carter (Messrs.). n^ientioned 324 Wadsworth, Decius, mentioned 534 Wadsworth, Finn, appointed brigade major 56 Wadsworth, Jeremiah, elected deputy commissary of purchases 262 commissary -general of purchases 283 given leave to resign January 1, 1780 303 desired by Congress to continue in office until his successor qualities 303 resigned 283 resignation accepteil 303 mentioned 55, 56, 238, 266, 282, 283 Wagoners, how obtained 20 corps of, authorized 161, 162, 164 respecting pay of 161, 162 clothing for 164, 165, 182, 302 to receive a suit of clothes as bounty 162 authorized; to receive pay, etc., of corporals of cavalry 210 mentioned 451, 635 Wagon master cieneral, authorized 151 appointed 141, 152 duties of ••. . 146, 150 AVagon masters {see Pay; Rations; Baggage wagons; Bathorses), authorized 141, 171, 182, 186, 197, 206 appointed 154, 179 duties of 171 deranged in 1815 to receive three months' pay 203 mentioned 145, 156, 201 deputy, authorized 171, 186 appointed 182 duties of 171 assistant, authorized 171, 186 Wagons {i^ee Baggage wagons; Ambulances), respecting impressment of 142, 270 to be purchased 147, 180 returns of, to be made 326 for removal of sick and wounded, by whon^ supplied 372, 387 respecting, of Hospital Department 376 mentioned 145, 152, 155, 163. 179, 180, 182, 260, 421 Waiters (,srt! Servants), not to be taken from the lini' 26 staff officers entitled to one 27, 408 INDEX. 797 Waistcoats, Page. to be purchased 142 Ward masters (see Pay; Rations), authorized 385, 407, 409 duties of 385 mentioned - 410 Walbach, J. DE B., mentioned 52, 86 Walker, Joseph, appointed brigade uiajor pro tem 60 continued in office 66 Wallace, GusxAvrs B., appointed brigade inspector 89 Walton, George, directed to send 3 tons of steel and 5 tons of nail rods for tlie use of tlie army in the Northern Department 545 War, in time of, retired officers may be employed 45 Signal Corps to be increased 625 officers who seryed in any, may wear badge adopted 43, 48 uniform of highest rank 48, 682 Ward, Joseph, elected commissary-general of musters 634 prisoners 647 mentioned -- 629, 637 Ward, Samuel, member of committee - 537 Warehouses {see Tobacco warehouses). Warner, Robert, to do duty of inspe(",tor 1 00 Warrant officers, on the ciyil staff lial)le to arrest and trial 161, 293, 380, 490, 558, 644 deranged in 1815 to receiye three months' pay 28, 203 Warran, James, elected paymaster-general 445 resignation accepted 446 mentioned 443, 446 Warren, John, appointed hospital physician and surgeon 389 accepted appointment 390 Washington, George {see Commander in Chief), member of committee 535 authorized to displace all officers under rank of brigadier-general 12 power, within 70 miles from headquarters, to continue until INIarch 1, 1778. 12 asked to transmit a list of his appointments - - 12 powers of, as commander in chief neyer intended to l)e superseded or cir- cumscribed by Congress 12 committee to confer with, on perfecting arrangement of staff departments. 17 authorized to appoint three brigade majors 53 relatiye to appointment by, of an adjutant-general 57 plan of, for a well-regulated inspectorship approved 89 authorized to appoint inspectors and brigade inspectors 90 api)ointment of a quartermaster-general left to 141 to fix on locations for magazines of provisions 157 appoint a deputy commissary of stores for the army near New York... 248 commissary of clothing for his army 248 clothier-general and fix his pay 251 authorized to increase the ration of soap - - 265 to regulate special issue of rum for gallantry of the troops in Ijattle of Brandy wine 268 authorized to take provisions, etc. , for the subsistence of his army 268 to establish magazines for storage of Hour 288 appointment oi a commissary of artillery left to 536 mentioned 3,4.17,53,54,85,89,90,146,147, 155, 160, 242, 251, 252, 268, 271, 285, 449, 452, 453, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 491, 535, 536, 537, 540, 543, 544, 545, 548, 550, 553, 562 "AVashington" (ship), ♦ mentioned "1^5 798 INDEX. Washington, D. C, Page. respecting payment of cost of improving certain streets in 510 examination of harbors and landings along water front of 511 improvement of public property in 511 memorial bridge from, to Arlington 526 park improvements in - 528 respecting tapping of water mains in 516 mentioned - - - 585 Washington Aqueduct, mentioned - - 507, 511, 515, 516, 523 Washington Monument, mentioned — 513 Washington Public Library, building for the, to be erected upon Mount Vernon square in Washington City - : . . - 528 Water department, operations of the, in District of Columbia to l)e under engineer commis- sioner 519 Watervliet Arsenal, X. Y., mentioned - 585, 602 Waterworks {see Potomac Waterworks). Watkins, Joseph, commissioned major, commissary of ordnance stores 549 mentioned 534 Waugoshance, Mich., works near, mentioned 504 Wayne, Anthony, mentioned -.-'-- - 58, 59, 62, 94 Weather Bureau, certain duties of tlu- Sigmd Corps devolved on the 622 mentioned 624, 625 Western Department, mentioned 273, 291 , 453 Weedon, George, ^ to discharge duties of adjutant-general temporarilv 56 mentioned '.. ! 51, 56, 58, 59, 89 Weeks, George H., mentioned 140 Weibert, Antoixe Felix, appointed assistant engineer 486 mentioned - 486 Welsh, jJoHN, to be commissioned lieutenant of sappers and miners 491 appointed quartermaster to the same 492 Wentworth, John, member of committee 14, 286 mentioned 157 West Indies, respecting importation of salt from the 261 dried hides from the 263, 547 exportation of produce to the 537 mentioned 540, 541 Weston, John F., mentioned ., - 238 West Point, N. Y., Military Academy and Corps of Engineers established at 497 mentioned 324, 567, 570, 571 Whales Back, N. H., works at, mentioned 504 Wharton, Carpenter, appointed commissary to the militia about to march to New Jersey 245 mentioned 87, 253 Wharton, Thomas, mentioned - 279 Wheat, bad, to be delivered to commissary of forage 158 not to be purchased for forage 158, 159, 290 mentioned 288, 303 Wheaton, Henry, mentioned 121 INDEX. 79^) Wheeler, , Page, contractor for cannon 546 mentioned 546 Whipping, Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen to i^rohibit 659 Whipple, William, member of committee 291 mentioned 159, 164, 299 WnitsKY, malt liquor or low wines may be substituted for 333 sugar and coffee to be issued in lieu of 341 WniTCOMB, Asa, mentioned 142 White, Hasfield, appointed deputy wagon master 182 WjiiTE, Moses, to do duty as brigade inspector 95 White, Robert, elected deputy commissary-general of issues 266 resigned 268 WiCKOFF, Peter, elected clothier-general 297 mentioned 288 Widows, respecting extension of half pay to, of officers 24, 25, 26 mentioned 457 Wiley, Robert, mentioned 563 WiLKiNS, Jr., John, mentioned 140 Wilkinson, James, grant of brevet of brigadier-general to, announced 59 elected clothier-general 298 resigned 318 mentioned 52, 86, 238 Williams, , apjiointed to act as adjutant-general pro tern 62 mentioned 62 Williams, — ■ — -, to superintend the hospital in Albany 881 mentioned 882 Williams, Abraham, continued in the office of l)rigade-maior 66 Williams, Jonathan, mentioned 483 Williams, Otiio H., appointed subinsi)ector 94 Williams, Robert, mentioned 52 Williams, William S., mem])er of committee 247 Williams and Elliot (Messrs.), mentioned 328 Williamsburg, Va., mentioned 395 Willing, Thomas, mentioned 1 42, 240, 537 WiLLSON, James, member of committee 87, 488, 539 Wilson, Goodwin, promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon 395 Wilson, John M., mentioned 483 Windel, Penet & Co., mentioned 555 Winder, Rider H., mentioned 121 Winder, William H., mentioned 52, 86 800 INDEX. Wines, l^age. low, may be substituted for whisky 333 WiNYARD Bay, S. C, respecting improvement of 522 WisNER, Henry, member of committee 538 WiTHERsPooN, John, member of committee 247, 249 mentioned 145,146,160,250,392 Witnesses, respectintr, before courts-martial 125, 130, 132 Wood, respecting, for use of hospitals ^ 190 mentioned 183 Woodbridge, Theodore, mentioned 63, 99 AVooDFORD, William, mentioned 57, 60, 61, 89, 94 WooDRLFF, Lewis, appointed deputy muster-master 634 Wool, John E., mentioned 86 Woolen goods, to be purchased for sale to soldiers 240 Workmen, autliorized in the Ordnance Department 572, 577, 579 in armories exempted from jury duty 576 master, authorized in the Corps of Engineers 503 to be designated as sergeants 590 mentioned - 575, 576 WOKTHINGTON, AsA, inspector of cattle, granted increased pay 306 Wounded, respecting removal of the 179 blankets, etc. , for the, in hospitals 273 relief of the, before removal to hospital 380 ambulances for the removal of the 421 mentioned — - 368, 422 Wright, Horatio G., mentioned - -183 Writs, respecting, to compel attendance of witnesses 125, 130, 132 AVrixon, , declined commission of chief engineer 486 Wykoff, Henry, appointed to inspect the cattle for the army 326 Wylie, Thomas, commissioned captain-lieutenant of artillery artificers 549 promoted to rank of captain 553 Wyi.lys, John Palgrave, appointed brigade major 55 Wynkoop, Henry, member of committee 164, 300 Wythe, George, member of committee -.. 246, 247 Y. YAiiUiNA Bay, Oreg. bar of, to be examined ■• ^'^^ respecting improvement of ^28 Yard (see Artillery yard; Horse yard). Yellowstone National Park, respecting road extensions and imjin )vements in the 528 YoiNG, Joseph, promoted to rank of hospital physician and surgeon o9o Y'uLE, James, appointed wagon master I'^'l O o 0^ #s I 05n 5 0^ -71 >■^. M- k^ -f. \' <^ .\^ : ■> jOO, ■ '-}■ ■'- - . ° oA -7-, ^ ^> K^. ■' » ^ ^\* y' % / ^ ..^' - A O, **\- ., V 1 .V Oo^ ^ ,0" '■V^ i <^--. N c '"^^ cl*^ '\^ 4 -7* ^ ^,#' ;f ,-^~ A . » I cP- ^oo A vr'?^-, ", o. '^^ .^^^' x^^.,%. r''. .-,-0^ '-^^ aV 0^ ' ^^^.. x" /->^ ''. ^:^ v>