mK^^mMR4Muu^^^Au^A^4^^z4uumz,uum X'^'/^x^.r^x^'^^x^^:^^xw^^^^tt^ A Brief Resume OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, Arranged for the Use of ' 7 ^ TEACHERS and PUPILS. .2- 5 ioS' ... mimm^m^f^m^m^mr^immAm^m^mM LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. * __^ :ti|itjthl']-%xi|ti|ng]^ ^tx. .1. Shelf. ZS" UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. a A Brief Resume — OF THE- HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, Arranged for the Use of TEACHERS and PUPILS, By MARTIH L. SMITH. 3 ^ ^ "" PRICE, 40 CENTS. RACINE: "•-•. Journal Printing Company. 1S85. Copyright 'by Martin L. Smith. tm. IKTRODUCTIOH. Most teachers agree that history is best taught by- topics, for the proper selection and arrangement of which, much care, time and experience are requisite. This is the only apology for offering this little work to the consideration of my fellow-teachers. A special effort has been made to so classify the principal features in the history of our country, such as: Discoveries, Settlements, Slavery Question, Ac- quisition of Territory, States Rights, Growth, etc.; and to state so clearly and definitely the causes and results of the wars, with their principal engagements, that pupils may quickly secure a well defined knowledge of them. • It is the product of the author's experience of ten years' teaching the subject in the Sixth Ward Gram- mar School of Racine. It does not assume to give new facts, nor does it purport to be original, except in plan, arrangement and scope, in respect to which I know of no similar work. It is designed to aid the teacher in giving, and the 4 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. pupil in getting, a clear and comprehensive knowledge of the History of the United States, by grouping those significant facts which ought to be held in the memory, leaving the pupil free to fill in the story from the excellent histories that are now within reach of all. It is not expected that all history will be learned from this brief compilation, but I believe it may be used with advantage as a guide, or rather, perhaps, as a foundation upon which to build a broad and philo- sophical knowledge of the subject. Many other facts might have been included, but it was thought best to limit the scope of the work to include only those events which may be justly held important in their consequences and necessary to the true understanding of the development of our national life, and it is suggested that these events be reviewed and dwelt upon until comprehended by the pupils and thoroughly familiar to them. Blank leaves have been added, for the convenience of those using the book, who may wish to add such points as their own experience may suggest. The Author. Racine, Wis., July, 1885. History is a record of events. An Epoch in Histoiy means a period of time during which somewhat similar events occur. THE FIRST EPOCH, One of discoveries extends from the discovery of America in 1492 to the settlement of Jamestown, Va., in 1607. THE SECOND EPOCH, The settlement and development of the colonies, ex- tends from the settlement at Jamestown, Va., in 1607, to the breaking out of the Revolutionary War in 1775. THE THIRD EPOCH, Extends from the breaking out of the Revolutionary War in 1775 to the adoption of the Constitution in 1787. THE FOURTH EPOCH, Extends from the adoption of the Constitution in 1787, to the breaking out of the "Civil War" in 1861. THE FIFTH EPOCH, Extends from the breaking out of the Civil War in 1 86 1 to the surrender of Lee's army in 1865. THE SIXTH AND PRESENT EPOCH, Begins with the close of the Civil War in 1865. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. FIRST EPOCH. EXPLORATIONS AND DISCOVERIES. SPANISH. Born, Genoa, Italy, 1435. San Salvador. Concepcion. Cuba. Hayti. [ Windward Group. Jamaica. Porto Rico. Founded a colony in Hayti. Continent of America near mouth of the Orinoco. 1502 Coast of Central America. ^ Died, Valladolid, Spain, 1506. 1 5 1 2. Ponce de Leon. Florida. 1 5 13. Balboa. Pacific Ocean. 14921 1493^ [498 1 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 7 1 52 1. Cortez conquered Mexico. 1520-2, Magellan. Straits of Magellan. First cir- cumnavigation. 1520. DeAllyon's first expedition to Carolina. 1525. DeAllyon's second expedition to Carolina. 1528. DeNarvaez attempted to conquer Florida. 1 54 1. DeSoto. Mississippi river. 1542. Cabrillo. Pacific coast. 1565. Melendez. St. Augustine. 1582. Sante Fe. Espejo. DUTCH. 1609. Henry Hudson. Hudson river and bay. FRENCH. 1524. Verrazani. Carolina to New Foundland. 1535. Cartier. Gulf and river St. Lawrence. 1562. Ribaut. Port Royal, S. C, first expedition. 1564. Laudonniere. Fort on St. John's river, Florida. 1605. DeMonts. Port Royal, N. S. 1608. Champlain. Quebec. 1609. Champlain. Lake Champlain. 1673. Father Marquette. 1682. LaSalle. 1688. Population, 11,000, 8 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. ENGLISH. 1497. Cabots. Labrador to Albemarle Sound. 1576. Frobisher. Strait. 1579. Drake explored Pacific Ocean. Second cumnavigation. 1583. Gilbert's first voyage to the New World. 1584. Raleigh's expedition to North Carolina. 1585-87. Rakigh's attempt to found a colony. 1602. Gosnold. Cape Cod. 1603. Pring. Maine to Martha's Vineyard. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 9 Claims by Right of Discovery. SPANISH. Mexico; nearly all United States called Florida; all the Pacific coast called New Mexico. FRENCH. Acadia; Canada; all of the Mississippi Valley, called New France. ENGLISH. All of Atlantic coast, westward indefinitely. DUTCH. Atlantic coast from Connecticut river to Delaware, called New Netherlands. Based upon the Discoveries and Explorations of SPANISH. Columbus, Ponce de Leon, Balboa, DeSoto. FRENCH. Verrazani, Cartier and Champlain, Fathers Marquette and LaSalle. ENGLISH. Cabots. DUTCH. Henry Hudson. 10 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. SECOND EPOCH. SETTLEMENTS. VIRGINIA. 1607. Jamestown. English. John Smith. r First Charter, 1606. Governments Second Charter, 1609. I Third Charter, 161 2. 16 10. Starving time. Lord Delaware. Pocahontas. 1619. Slavery introduced. First Colonial Assembly. 1620. Planters' wives. 1622. 1644. 1624. Royal Province. ^^ ' > Navigation Act. 1660. J 1676. Bacon's Rebellion. 1677-84. Proprietary. 1684. Royal Province. 1776. Revolutionary War. > Indian Massacres. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 11 NEW YORK. 1 6 14. New York. Dutch. ^ f Dutch West India f Manhattan Island. 1 Company. I Albany. Patroons. Dutch. Stuyvesant conquered Swedes and Finns. Boundaries. 1664. English. Sloughter. Gov. Andros. ^ ( Dutch regained possession. I English regained possession. MASSACHUSETTS. 1620. Plymouth. English. Puritans. Mayflower and Speedwell. 1 62 1 . Treaty with Massasoit. 1638. Harvard College. Trouble with the Quakers. Trouble with the Indians. 1643. Union of Colonies. 1675. King Philip's War. 1692. Salem Witchcraft. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1623. Portsmouth. English. Sir Ferdinand Gorges and Capt. John Mason. 1629. Partnership dissolved. Mason's heirs. Union with Massachusetts. 1 741. Final separation. 12 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. CONNECTICUT. 1633. Windsor. English, Earl of Warwick. Lord Say and Seal and Lord Brooke. Dutch. 1635. Saybrook Colony. 1637. Pequod War. 1638. New Haven Colony. r Hartford. 1639. Connecticut Colonies. < Windsor. I Wethersfield. Union of Saybrook, Conn., and New Haven Colonies. Governor Andros. 1687. Charter Oak. MARYLAND. 1634. St. Mary's. English. Charter. 1 63 1. William Clayborne. Lord Baltimore. George Calvert. Lord Baltimore. Cecil Calvert. Christianity. 1645. Clayborne's Rebellion. Toleration act. Civil War. 169 1. Royal Province. 17 1 5. Proprietary to Revolution. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 13 RHODE ISLAND. • 1636. Providence. English. Roger Williams. 1644. Charter Plantations united. " Freedom of faith and worship to all." DELAWARE, 1638. Wilmington. Swedes. Dutch. 1644-82. Part of Province of New York. 1682. William Penn. One Governor. NORTH CAROLINA. 1663. Albemarle Sound. English. Lord Clarendon. Grand Model. SOUTH CAROLINA. 1670. Ashley River. English. Carteret's Colony. Charleston. Grand Model. 1729. Sold and separated. Royal Province to Revolution. 14 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. NEW JERSEY. 1622. Dutch trading post. 1664. Elizabethtown. English. -n • , f Berkely. rropnetary. < ^ y Carteret. 1682. Quakers. William Penn. 1702. United with New York. 1738. Separated. Royal Province. PENNSYLVANIA. 1682. Philadelphia. English. Treaty with the Indians. Growth. 1718. Death of William Penn. Proprietary to Revolution. GEORGIA. 1733, Savannah. English. James Oglethorpe. " In Trust for the Poor." Trade. ^ . f Proprietary, (jrovernment. \ I Royar Province to Revolution. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 15 Thirteen Original Colonies. W/ien States. Where Settled. By Whom 1607 Virginia. Jamestown. English. 1614 New York. New York. Dutch. 1620 Massachusetts. Plymouth. English. 1623 New Hampshire. Portsmouth. English. 1633 Connecticut. Windsor. English. 1634 Maryland. St. Mary's. English. 1636 Rhode Island. Providence. English. 1638 Delaware. Wilmington. Swedes. 1663 North Carolina. Albemarle Sound. English. 1664 New Jersey. • Elizabethtown. English. 1670 South Carolina. Ashley River. English. 1682 Pennsylvania. Philadelphia. English. 1733 Georgia. Savannah. English. 16 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. INTER-COLONIAL WARS. KING WILLIAM S WAR, 1 689- 1 697. Cause — War between France and England. Attacks upon Colonists, N. Y. and N. E. Attacks by Colonists, Port Royal, Acadia.' Treaty — Ryswick, Holland. Result — Same Territory. QUEEN ANNE'S WAR. I702-I7I3. Cause — War between France and England. Attacks upon Colonists N. E. Attacks by Colonists, St. Augustine, Port Royal and Quebec. Treaty — Utrecht, Holland. Result — Acadia ceded to England. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 17 KING George's war. 1 744- 1 748. Cause — War between France and England. Louisburg-Cape Breton. Treaty — Aix-la-Chapelle, Germany. Result — England gave back Louisburg to France. FRENCH AND INDIAN -WAR. Causes. 1. The French and English claimed the same ter- ritory. 2. A national animosity existed between the French and English. 3. The French and English settlers conflicted on the frontier. T Washington's Journey. 1753 Ohio Company existed. 18 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Principal Actions of the French and Indian War. Date Where Fought. Commanders. Success- English. French. ful. DuQuesne, fort built. 1754 Great Meadows. Washington. Junonville (killed). English. Fort Necessity. Washington. Villiers. French. Nova Scotia. j Winslow. { Monckton. English. T755 Vicinity Lake George Williams. Dieskau. French. Battle of Lake George Johnson, Dieskau. English. DuQuesne. Braddock, (killed.) (mortally wounded.) French. Oswego. Mercer. Montcalm. French. 1756 Kittanning. War declared. Armstrong. (Indians.) English. 1757 Fort William Henry. Monroe. Montcalm. French. Louisburg. Amherst. English. 1758 Ticonderoga. DuQuesne (now Pittsburg) Abercrombie Forbes. Montcalm. French. English. Frontenac. Bradstreet. French. Quebec. "I die happy." Wolf. "I shall not live to see the surrender of Quebec." Montcalm. English. 1759 Ticonderoga and Crown Point. Amherst. Fr'ch evacuated. English. Niagara. Prideaux, (killed.) English. 1760 Sillery. Montreal. Amherst. DeLevi. Fr'ch first, a few days after, Eng. English. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 19 Result — Spain ceded Florida to England. France gave up all territory east of the Mississippi, except two small islands south of Newfoundland, New Orleans and all the country she owned west of the Mississippi France ceded to Spain. English suprem- acy established in the New World. 20 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. THIRD EPOCH. REVOLUTIONARY WAR. General Cause : — The right of arbitrary government claimed by England and denied by the colonists. Remote Causes: 1. The influence of France which was constantly exerted to excite a spirit of resistance in the colonies. 2. The natural disposition and inherited character of the colonists; they were dissenters in religion and republican in politics. 3. The growth of public opinion in the colonies tended to independence. 4. The personal and arbitrary character of King George III. Direct Causes: 1. Taxation without Representation. 2. All the colonies had suffered from Royal Gov- ernments. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 21 3- 1765 1767 1768 1769 1770 1773 1774 Stamp Act. Tax on Tea. Troops sent to Boston. Trials in England. Boston Massacre. Boston Tea Party. Boston Port Bill. PRELIMINARY ACTS. First Colonial Congress met in New York Oct. 7, 1765. r Nine Colonies represented. ; r Declaration of Rights. Acts ■{ Petition to the King. 1^ Memorial to Parliament. First Continental f Gave support to Massachusetts. Congress ; Second Declaration of Rights, met in Philadel'a > Petition to the King. 1^ Address to the people of England Sept. 5, 1774. Second Conti- nental Congress met in Philadel'a, May 10,1775. Last appeal to the King. . George Washington appointed [ Commander-in-Chief. (^ Continued during the War. 23 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Principal Battles of the Kevolutionary War. !fi C M Battles. Where Fought COMMANDERS. Men Engaged. Date whe Fou American. British. Am. Brit. 1700 3000 1200 1775 Apr. 19 June 17 Dec. 31 Lexington. Bunker Hill. Quebec. Parker. Prescott. Montgomery Smith. Gen Howe Carleton. Unkno'n 1500 900 Brit. Brit. Brit. 1776 June 28 Aug. 27 Dec. 26 Fort Moultrie. Long Island. Trenton. ^oultrie. Putnam. Washington Parker. Gen Howe Rahl. 400 5000 2400 4000 20000 1000 Am. Brit. Am. 1777 Sept. II Oct. 4 Oct. 7 Brandywine. German town. Saratoga. Washington Washington Gates. Gen Howe Gen Howe Burgoyne. 1 1 000 1 1000 8000 18000 15000 4500 Brit. Brit. Am. 1778 June 28 Monmouth. Washington Clinton. 12000 IIOOO Am. 1779 Oct. 9 Savannah. Lincoln. Prevost. 4500 2900 Brit. 1780 May 12 Charleston. Lincoln. Clinton. 3700 9000 Brit. 1781 Mar. 15 Oct. 19 Guilford C. H. Yorktown. Greene. Washington Cornwallis Cornwallis 4400 16000 2400 7500 Brit. Am. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 23 1783. Treaty at Paris. Great Britain acknowledged the independence of the United States, and conceded the right to fish on the banks of Newfoundland. The boundaries were fixed at the Great Lakes at the north and the Mississippi River on the west. Florida given back to Spain. 24 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. FOURTH, FIFTH AND SIXTH EPOCHS. PRESIDENTIAL ADMINISTRATIONS. M. Presidents. Most important events during each Mntn I 2 George Washington, John Adams, Gov't organized; Revenue provided for. Alien and Sedition Laws. 3 4 5 Thomas Jefterson, James Madison, James Monroe, Purchase of Louisiana. War of 1812 with England. Monroe Doctrine; Missouri Compi-omise. 6 7 John Q. Adams, ■ Andrew Jackson, Prosperity; ist R. R. in U. S.; "Ameri- can System." Rotation in office; S. C. Nullification. 8 Martin Van Buren, Financial Crisis of 1837. 9 Wm. H. Harrison, OiSce Seekers. lO II John Tyler, James K. Polk, Annexation of Texas. Mexican War. 12 Zachary Taylor, Slavery Questions Discussed. 13 Millard Fillmore, Franklin Pierce, "Omnibus Bill." Kansas & Nebraska Bill; Gadsden Pur- chase. 15 James Buchanan, Slavery Question Discussed; John Brown's Raid. 16 Abraham Lincoln, The Civil War. 17 iS Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, Reconstruction. Pacific R. R. and "Centennial;" Ala- bama Claims. 19 Rutherford B. Hayes, R. R. Strike; U. S. Troops withdrawn from South. 20 James A. Garfield, "Star Route Frauds" exposed. His Assassination. 21 22 C'hester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Foreign Policy. Civil Service. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 25 •pm OnvO ^ O " O) lO i-) m d Os O ^ C\M u-j Lo U-) >-< C\r-i (N ro CO ^ Tt-vO ^-vD ^ 'O t>.>0 vO vO r^CO CO t^CO MCOCOCOCOOOCOCOCOCOCOC/DCOC/JOTK) zo ■Si 2 Federalists. Federalists. H. ofR., Republicans. Republicans. All Parties. House of Reps. Democrats. Democrats. Whigs. Whigs. Democrats. Whigs. Whigs. Democrats. Democrats. Republicans. Republicans. Republicans. Republicans. Republicans. Republicans. Democrats. i 8 Years. 4 Years. 8 Years, 8 Years. 8 Years. 4 Years. 8 Years. 4 Years. I Month. 3 yrs. lomo. 26 ds 4 Years. I yr. 4 mo. 5 ds. 3 yrs. 7 mo. 23 ds 4 Years. 4 Years. 4 yrs. I mo. 11 ds. 3 yrs. 10 mo. 17 ds 8 Years. 4 Years. 6 mos. 15 days. 3 yrs. 5 mo. 15 ds CO OnO Q « .CO CO CO t^ t^CO COCOCOMCOCOCOCOCOOOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO ■UJ,Og udHAi ri W-, ro -< CO r~- r^ -J ro O lo ■+ O -t- -' OnM n n ^ O t^ ro ro -!^ ID wovo vo C/D tr^ C\ CTsCO OOCNOOririfororo t^l:^t^I>-t^l^l>.t^t>.t^l>. t^CO CO t^C/0 00 CO 00 jO C/D CO 'a . i iu>< U >^ffi£c6.2.2.2 ^ >2 Geo. Washington, John Adams, Thos. Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, J. Q. Adams, Andrew Jackson, M. Van Buren, Wm. H. Harrison, John Tvler, James K. Polk, Zachary Taylor, Millard Fillmore, Franklin Pierce, Jas. Buchanan, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, U. S. Grant, R. B. Hayes, Jas. A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland, ■^.v p-i N ro ■^ Lr,\0 C^TD On •-' ox ro ^t- tovO t>-00 0\ O '-i n 1 26 BRIEF RESUMF OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. WAR OP 1812. The impressment of American seamen. - England harassed the commerce of U. S. Cactuses ■> ■ I England had emissaries among the Indians I to incite them against the Americans. More than 6,000 American citizens had been im- pressed into the British navy; and, 900 American vessels had been captured for violating England's arbitrary regulations. On May 16, 181 1, the British sloop of war, "Little Belt," off Virginia, fired into the American frigate, President, The President returned the fire, and in an engagement which followed, the British sloop'was dis- abled, II of her men killed and 21 wounded. On the 19th of June, 181 2, President Madison is- sued a proclamation of war against Great Britain. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 27 Naval Engagements. During the year 1812 the Americans were success- ful in every naval engagement. Dates. Where Fought. Vessels. Commanders. 1812. Aug.19. Oct. 15. Off Massa- chusetts. Off North Carolina. Am. Frig. Constitution. Br. Frig. Guerriere. Am. Sloop Wasp. Br. Brig Frolic. Hull. Dacres. Jones. Whinyates. 1813. June I. Sept.io. Massachu- setts Bay. Lake Erie. Am. Frig. Chesapeake. Br. Frig. Shannon. Am. 9 vessels, 54 guns. Br. 6 vessels, 63 guns. "Don't give up the ship." Lawrence. Broke. "We hare met the ene- my and they are oura." Perry. Barclay. 1814. Sept. II. Lake Cham- plain. Am. 14 vessels, 86 guns. Br. 17 vessels, 95 guns. McDonough. Downie. 28 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Principal Land Battles of the War of 1812. Dates. Battles. Commanders. Men Engaged. f Tlvierican British. !lm. Brit. 1812. Aug. 16. Detroit. Hull. Brock and Tecumseh. 1200 1300 Brit. 1813. Oct. 5. Thames. Harrison. Proctor. 2500 2000 Brit. 1814. Sept. II. Aug. 24. July 25- Plattsburg. Bladensburg. Lundy's Lane Macomb. Winder. Brown. Prevost. Ross. Drummond 3000 3500 •3500 14000 5000 5000 Am. Brit. Am. 1815. Jan. 8. New Orleans. Jackson. Pakenham. 6000 12000 Am. A Treaty of Peace was signed at Ghent, Belgium, December 24th, 18 14. The two great points of dispute, the encroachments upon American commerce, and the impressment of American seamen, were not mentioned. However, both ceased at the close of the war. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 29 MEXICAN WAR. Cause : — The annexation of Texas led to the Mexi- can war. Texas had gained its independence and maintained it for nine years, but Mexico still claimed the territory as a part of her own, and also claimed that the Neuces was the western limit of Texas. Texas claimed the Rio Grande as her western boundary line. The efforts of the United States and of Mexico to possess, occupy and govern the territory between the Neuces and the Rio Grande rivers was the occasion of the war. The Americans were successful in every battle. 30 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Principal Battles of the War with Mexico. Dates. Battles. Commanders. Men Engaged dmeric-n Mexican. Am. Mex. 1S46. May S. Palo Alto. Taylor. Arista. 2300 6000 May 9. Resaca de la Pa! ma. Taylor. Arista. 22GO 5000 Sept. 24. Monterey. Taylor. Ampudia. 6600 1 0000 1847. Feb. 23. Buena Vista. Taylor. Santa Anna. 4700 17000 Mar. 27. Vera Cruz. Scott. Morales. 12000 6000 Apr. 18. Cerro Gordo. Scott. Santa Anna. 8500 12000 Aug. 20. Cherubusco. Scott. Santa Anna. Sooo 25000 Sept. 13, Chapultepec. Scott. Bravo. 7200 25000 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 31 The Treaty of Peace was signed on the 2d of Feb- ruary, 1848, at Guadaloupe Hidalgo, a small town near the city of Mexico. The boundary line between Mex- ico and the United States was the Rio Grande from its mouth to the southern limit of New Mexico, thence westward along its southern boundary and northward along its western boundary to the river Gila, thence down the river Gila to the Colorado, thence westward to the Pacific. All territory north of the boundary line, including New Mexico and California, was relin- quished to the United States. On the part of the United States it was agreed that ;^ 15,000,000 should be paid for the territory and to assume all debts due from Mexico to American citizens, said debts not to exceed ;^ 3, 5 00,000. Peace was proclaimed by President Polk on the 4th of July, 1848. 32 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Slavery Question. 1619. Introduced into Virginia. 1628. Introduced into New York. 1630. Introduced into Massachusetts. 1 660- 1 676. Opposed by the Colonies, but fostered by Great Britain. 1 74 1. Negro plot in New York. Slavery existed in all the Colonies until 1780. After 1780 the Northern States began to abolish slavery. 1787. Discussed' at the formation of the United States Constitution, 1808. Slave importation forbidden in United States. 1 790-1 820. Laws passed against it in all States north of Mason and Dixon's line, 39° 43' 26.3". 1820. Slave trade declared piracy. Missouri Compromise. 1845. Texas - admitted with privileges of holding slaves. 1846. Wilmot Proviso. 1850. Omnibus Bill. 1854. Kansas and Nebraska Act. 1855-1860. Kansas troubles, 1857. Dred Scott Decision. Personal Liberty Laws. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 33 1859. John Brown's Raid. i860. Lincoln elected. 1863. Emancipation Proclamation. 1865. Constitutional Amendments. It is estimated that 300,000 slaves were imported into the thirteen original Colonies up to 1776. Omnibus Bill, 1850. 1. California admitted as a free State. 2. New Mexico and Utah to be organized as Ter- ritories without mention of slavery. 3. Boundary of Texas established, and ;^ 10,000,- 000 be paid to Texas for giving up its claim to the territory of New Mexico. 4. Slave trade abolished in the District of Columbia. 5 Fugitive Slave Law, 34 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. States Rights. Considered in forming the Constitution of U. S, 1794. Whisky Insurrection in Pennsylvania. 1798. Virginia and Kentucky declared the "Alien and Sedition Laws" null and void. 1 8 14. Hartford Convention. 1832. South Carolina Nullification Act, 1850. Mississippi nominated a States Rights ticket with Jefferson Davis for Governor. Personal Liberty Laws. 1 860- 1 86 1. Secession of eleven States. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 35 FIFTH EPOCH. THE CIVIL WAR. CAUSES. 1. Slavery Question. 2. The different construction put upon the U. S. Constitution by the people of the North and of the South. 3. The different systems of labor in the North and in the South. 4. The want of intercourse between the peeple of the North and of the South. 5. Pubhcation of sectional books, 6. The evil influence of demagogues. 36 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Principal Battles of the "Civil War." Dates. Baiihs. Where Fovght. I86I. July 21. Bull Run. Va. April 6 and 7. Shiloh. Tenn. June 25 to July i. Seven Days' Battles, closed with Malvern Hill. Va. 1862. Sept. 17. Antietam. Md. Dec. 13. Fredericksburg. Va. Dec. 31 to Jan. 2. Murfreesboro'. Tenn. May 2 and 3. Chancellorsville. Va. July I, 2 and 3. Gettysburg. Penn. 1863. July 4- Siege of Vicksburg. Miss. Sept. 19 and 20. Chickamauga. Tenn. Nov. 25. Chattanooga. Tenn. May 5 and 6. Wilderness. Va. IS64. June 3. Cold Harbor. Va. Dec. 15 and 16. Nashville Tenn. 1865. April I. April 9. Battle of Five Forks. Appomattox C. H. Va. Va. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 37 Principal Battles of the "Civil War." Commanders. Men Engaged. Army Union. Confederate. Umon. Confed. Successful. McDowell. Beauregard. 30000 30000 Confederate. Grant. Johnston. ••55000 40000 Union. ^[cClellan. Lee. 90000 60000 Union. McClellan. Lee. Scooo 40000 Union. Burnside. Lee. 120000 80000 Confederate. Rosecrans. Bragg. 45000 35000 Union. Hooker. Lee. 90000 45000 Confederate. Meade. Lee. 80000 Soooo Union. Grant. Pemberton. 70000 45000 Union. Rosecrans. Bragg. 55000 50000 Confederate. Grant. Bragg. 80000 50000 Union. Grant. Lee. 150000 80000 Confederate. Grant. Lee. (50000 50000 Confederate. Thomas. Hood. Union. Grant. Lee. I 00000 35000 Union. Grant. Lee. lOOOOO 28000 Union. 38 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. General Review of the Civil War. 1861. Brief Review of the First Year of the War. The Confederates had taken the large arsenals at Harper's Ferry and Norfolk. They had been success- ful in the greatest battles of the year, Bull Run and Wilson's Creek, and in several minor engagements. The Federals had saved several forts; had gained victories in several minor engagements; had kept in the Union Missouri, Maryland and West Virginia, and had thrown the whole South into a state of siege. 1862. — Brief Review of the Second Year of the War. The Confederate victories were: Jackson in the Shenandoah, Lee in the Peninsular campaign, and against Pope; Bragg's raid in Kentucky and the bat- tles of Cedar Mountain, Chickasaw Bluff and Freder- icksburg. The Federals had taken several forts, had opened the Mississippi to Vicksburg, occupied New Orleans, Yorktown, Memphis and other Southern cities; had gained the battles of Antietam, Fair Oaks, Murfrees- boro' and other important battles and had checked the Merrimac's career. BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 39 1 86 J. — Brief Revieiu of the Third Year of the War. The Confederates had gained the great battles of Chickamauga and Chancellorsville. The Federals had taken Vicksburg and gained the battles at Chattanooga and Gettysburg. i86^. — Brief Revieiu of the Fourth Year of the War. The Confederates had gained the battles of the Wil- derness, Cold Harbor, and others; had defeated the expeditions into Florida and the Red River country. The Federals had gained the battles of Winchester, Cedar Creek, Nashville and others ; had taken Atlanta and Savannah; Sherman had marched through Geor- gia, Sheridan the Shenandoah Valley; Thomas had destroyed Hood's army and Grant held Lee in Rich- mond, i86^. Brief Review of the Fifth Year of the War. Sherman marched through the Carolinas. Lee surrendered to General Grant April 9th, which closed the war. The Union debt was nearly $2,750,000,000. 40 BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Territory as Acquired by the United States. Territory. When. How. Frovi Whom. Thirteen Orig- to 1783 Revolutionary War. England. inal Colonies. N. W.Territ'y. I7S7 Ceded. Original Col. S. W. Terrify. Ceded. Original Col. Louisiana. I8I9 Purchase, $5,000,000. Spain. Florida. 1803 Purchase, $15,000,000. France. Texas. 1845 Annexed. Texas. California. 1848 Treaty and Pur. $18,500,000. Mexico. Gadsden. IS53 Purchase, $10,000,000. Mexico. Alaska. 1867 Purchase, $7,200,000. Russia. Errata.— In above table the lines opposite Louisiana and Florida should be transposed. On page 32, read for "Texas admitted with privileges,''' "Texas admitted with privilege.^'' LIBRAF^YOF CONGRESS 1 '''' 546 463